bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic risks due to declining water quality in the Breede River catchment
Authors: Cullis James DS , Rossouw Nico , Du Toit Geoff , Petrie Daniel , Wolfaardt Gideon , De Clercq Willem , Horn Annabel 
Published: August 2018

Water is a critical resource necessary to support social and economic development. Economic growth and, in particular, the growth of urban and peri-urban areas, however results in declining water quality which threatens water-dependent industries. In developing countries this is a particular concern due to the rapid rate of urbanisation and the limited financial resources and technical capabilities to adequately maintain and upgrade wastewater treatment works. This is particularly relevant in catchments with a high dependence on export-orientated agriculture. This study considered water quality risks in the Breede River catchment as an area which experiences significant urban and peri-urban growth, focusing on economic risks associated with declining water quality, estimates of the costs needed to rehabilitate existing wastewater treatment works, and alternative strategies such as the use of artificial wetlands, the rehabilitation and protection of natural wetlands, as well as the clearing of invasive alien plants. A major conclusion is that the financial risk associated with a declining economy and social instability outweighs the costs that will be needed for rehabilitation of existing treatment plants. Together with more pronounced fluctuations in precipitation anticipated with climate change, these risks due to declining water quality are likely to increase in future with continued urban and peri-urban growth.
A tool for determining maximum sustained swimming ability of selected inland fish species in an Afrotropic ecozone
Authors: Botha TL , Mahloko MP , Wepener V , Howatson G , Smit NJ 
Published: August 2018

Critical swimming speed (Ucrit) predicts the maximum sustained swimming velocity that various fish species are able to sustain for prolonged periods. The objective of this study was to determine the Ucrit of Afrotropic ecozone fish, determine oxygen consumption at Ucrit and relate the resulting optimum flow requirements to effective movement through fishways under South African flow conditions. The selected fish species were Coptodon rendalli, Tilapia sparrmanii, Pseudocrenilabrus philander, Oreochromis mossambicus and Enteromius trimaculatus. Ucrit and oxygen consumption (MO2) were measured in a swim respirometer at 5-min intervals, at increasing velocity increments of 0.5 cm·s−1 until volitional exhaustion. No significant differences were seen in the Ucrit values between C. rendalli, T. sparrmanii and P. philander, but all species significantly differed from O. mossambicus and E. trimaculatus, which had the highest Ucrit (17.6 ± 1.5 bl·s−1 and 18.2 ± 2.8 bl·s−1). Size plays an important role in the swimming performance of fish, with larger fish able to sustain a greater velocity, which was specifically true for O. mossambicus in this study. Additionally, smaller fish consumed more oxygen during swimming and therefore used more energy, experiencing relative physiological strain. Based on these data, flow respirometry was shown to be a useful tool to determining prolonged swimming abilities of South African fish species, and can help inform the structure and flow rates of culverts and fishways.
Uma atuação ocultada: Joel Martins no Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo (1956-1959) / A hidden role: Joel Martins at Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo (Regional Center for Educational Research of São Paulo) (1956-1959
Authors: Mustapha Samir Ahmad dos Santos 
Published: August 2018

Este texto pretende apresentar a atuação intelectual de Joel Martins, educador formado na Universidade de São Paulo, que, entre 1956 a 1959, foi diretor da Divisão de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais e, depois, da Divisão de Aperfeiçoamento do Magistério, no Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo a convite de Fernando de Azevedo, primeiro diretor da instituição. O artigo analisa pesquisas desenvolvidas sobre sua trajetória e detecta que esta experiência profissional não foi retratada nos estudos. Ao analisar o diálogo por meio de cartas que Joel Martins teve com Fernando de Azevedo, após sua saída da instituição, procurou-se compreender os motivos que levaram o intelectual ocultar essa atuação, considerando que esse cargo credenciou ao convite para trabalhar na Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO). * * *This paper aims to introduce the intellectual role of Joel Martins, educator trained at Universidade de São Paulo (University of São Paulo), who, between 1956 and 1959, was director of Divisão de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (Division of Educational Studies and Research), and later of Divisão de Aperfeiçoamento do Magistério (Division of Magisterium Improvement), at Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo (Regional Center for Educational Research of São Paulo) invited by Fernando de Azevedo, who was the first director of the institution. This article analyzes research based on his trajectory and detects that this professional experience was not approached in the previous studies. When analyzing the dialogue through the letters that Joel Martins exchanged with Fernando de Azevedo after leaving the institution, it was possible to understand the reasons that caused the scholar to hide this role, considering that this position led to the invitation to work at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Cultura escolar nos cadernos de um professor de escola rural (Corralito-MT, 1930 a 1960) / Presence of school culture in a teacher's notebooks of rural school (Corralito-MT, 1930-1960)
Authors: Moreira Kênia Hilda , Dutra Luzia Aparecida Morais 
Published: August 2018

Objetiva-se evidenciar a presença da cultura escolar pela análise de cinco cadernos que pertenceram ao Professor João Pantalhão Dourisboure, que lecionou entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960, na Escola Rural Corralito, sul de Mato Grosso. Os cadernos e demais fontes utilizadas pertencem a um acervo particular. Como referencial teórico, segue-se a perspectiva da cultura escolar, da cultura escrita e da história regional, ancoradas na Nova História Cultural. A análise permitiu evidenciar as dificuldades de acesso a materiais escolares, no contexto analisado, levando à confecção artesanal de cadernos a partir do aproveitamento de papéis diversos. Sobre o conteúdo escrito nos cadernos, destaca-se vestígios de características marcantes da Era Vargas, como a ênfase nos conteúdos de gramática da língua portuguesa, que suscita o cumprimento dos decretos de proibição por Getúlio Vargas de outra língua que não fosse a portuguesa, considerando-se especialmente a região de fronteira onde se localizava a Escola Corralito, fronteira como Paraguai. Outro vestígio foi a preocupação em reforçar a importância do trabalho, essencial para as relações sociais e a construção do país no período do Estado Novo. Destaca-se, por fim, a importância da conservação dessas fontes, que apresentam “testemunhos insubstituíveis” sobre as práticas escolares. * * *The objective of this study is to show the presence of the school culture through the analysis of five notebooks belonging to teacher João Pantalhão Dourisboure, who taught in the 1930s and 1960s at the Rural School Corralito, south of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The notebooks and other sources used belong to a particular collection. The theoretical reference is from the perspective of school culture, written culture and regional history, anchored in the New Cultural History. The analysis revealed the difficulties of access to school materials in the analyzed context, leading to the handmade making of notebooks from the use of diverse ways. On the contents written in the notebooks, there are traces of striking features of the Vargas Age, such as the emphasis on the grammar content of the Portuguese language, which provokes the compliance with the decrees of prohibition by Getúlio Vargas of another language that was not Portuguese, especially considering the border region where the Corralito School was located, near Paraguay. Another vestige was the concern to reinforce the importance of the work, essential for the social relations and the construction of the country in the period of Estado Novo in Brazil. Finally, the importance of conserving sources such as these, which present "irreplaceable testimony" about school practices.
Encuentros que afectan y generan saber pedagógico entre docentes a través de cartografías visuales
Authors: Hernández Fernando Hernández- 
Published: August 2018

Este artículo es parte de una investigación sobre cómo aprenden los docentes de secundaria. Una peculiaridad de este proyecto es que cuestiona diferentes dualidades características de la investigación cualitativa: la relación entre investigadores e investigadores se asume desde la trama de relaciones y no desde una distancia separadora; la generación de evidencias se lleva a cabo a partir de una experiencia de configurar cartografías visuales que permiten expandir sentidos y cuestionar el dualismo entre imagen y palabra; el análisis no pretender extraer una verdad de los datos por parte del investigador, sino se configura como un proceso de pensar que permite, a partir de conceptos, investigar desde la teoría; la propia noción de ‘datos’ es revisada, pues no se considera algo que ‘está ahí fuera’ sino que se genera en los encuentros; finalmente, la investigación no termina sólo en publicaciones académicas, sino en nuevos encuentros con docentes, donde la práctica de la formación se realiza para generar saber pedagógico de manera compartida. De una de estas experiencias de formación se da cuenta en este texto. Experiencia que ponemos en relación con la noción de ‘afectos’ que se sitúa en las intra-acciones relacionales que generan transformaciones en los docentes.
Le phonème /r/ en franco-ontarien : réalisations et perceptions
Authors: Reguigui Ali 
Published: August 2018

Ali Reguigui
inscrit son étude dans le cadre de la phonétique articulatoire et de la sociophonétique, fond
é
e sur les données d’un questionnaire sociolinguistique recueillies auprès de sujets franco-ontariens. Il examine le cas de la consonne roulée alvéolaire voisée /r/ du latin, qui a persévéré en ancien français et moyen français jusqu’au

xvii

e

siècle dans les centres urbains, et jusqu’au

xviii

e

siècle en général pour se faire remplacer par la consonne roulée uvulaire voisée, communément qualifiée de grasseyée et marquée comme variante de prestige en France. Au Québec, au début du

xx

e

siècle, c’est le [r] roulé, associé à l’élite intellectuelle, qui était valorisé. Dévalorisée vers le milieu de ce siècle, cette variante est abandonnée par l’élite au profit de la variante grasseyée et elle marque de plus en plus le langage de la classe populaire. Ces perceptions se traduisent par des jugements de valeur ou des clichés sur l’usage de ces variantes. Qu’en est-il de l’usage et de la perception du phonème /r/ chez les Franco-Ontariens, une minorité bilingue qui vit en contact constant avec l’anglais
?
Quelles sont leurs réalisations du phonème /r/ et quelles en sont leurs perceptions

? Cette étude apporte des réponses à ces questions.
Chronique
Authors: Bock Michel 
Published: August 2018

En annexe à ce douzième volume, notre confrère Michel Bock a compilé dans la « Chronique » les faits saillants survenus depuis la parution du dernier volume et les nouvelles des membres reliées à leurs activités professionnelles. Nous y joignons le compte rendu des activités récentes de la Société des Dix que son secrétaire, Fernand Harvey, a préparé à notre intention.
Isolation and characterization of Ty1-copia retrotransposons in Saccharum officinarum
Authors: Chen Ke , Yu Fan , Huang Yongji , Wu Xianglin , Yang Shan , Li Xueting , Zeng Kai , Hu Xuguang , Huang Fei , Deng Zuhu , Zhang Muqing 
Published: August 2018

Background. Saccharum officinarum is the most significant resource for sugar and high-yield genes in sugarcane breeding programs. However, the unknown information of evolution and genome organization remain largely in the sugarcane, which has limited progress in sugarcane breeding. Retrotransposons occupy a large proportion of the plant genome; therefore, characterization of Ty1-copia retrotransposons will improve understanding of the evolution and organization of plant genomes.
Methods. The present study isolated conserved domains of Ty1-copia retrotransposon-encoded reverse transcriptase genes from S. officinarum to characterize their phylogenetic diversity, genomic abundance, and chromosomal distribution.
Results. In total, 42 Ty1-copia reverse transcriptase sequences with 35-100% similarity and high levels of heterogeneity were obtained. Of them, 11 (26%) were disrupted by stop codons and/or frameshift mutations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed these sequences could be split into four distinct evolutionary lineages (Tork/TAR, Tork/Angela, Sire/Maximus, and Retrofit/Ale). Dot blot analysis showed that Ty1-copia retrotransposons represent a significant portion of the S. officinarum genome, with copy numbers as high as 1.7 × 105. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that Ty1-copia retrotransposons were dispersed within heterochromatic regions among all S. officinarum chromosomes, with around 30 obvious signals clustering in terminal regions. However, Ty1-copia retrotransposons were not found in nucleolar organizing regions of 45S rDNA.
Discussion. These results serve to enhance our understanding of the chromosomal distribution and evolution of the S. officinarum genome as well as promote possible utilization of retrotransposons in sugarcane breeding programs.
Increased misophonia in self-reported Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response
Authors: Janik McErlean Agnieszka B. , Banissy Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

Background
Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a sensory experience elicited by auditory and visual triggers, which so far received little attention from the scientific community. This self-reported phenomenon is described as a relaxing tingling sensation, which typically originates on scalp and spreads through a person’s body. Recently it has been suggested that ASMR shares common characteristics with another underreported condition known as misophonia, where sounds trigger negative physiological, emotional and behavioural responses. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether ASMR is associated with heightened levels of misophonia.

Methods
The Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ) was administered to individuals reporting to experience ASMR and to age and gender matched controls.

Results
Compared to controls ASMR group scored higher on all subscales of MQ including the Misophonia Symptom Scale, the Misophonia Emotions and Behaviors Scale and the Misophonia Severity Scale.

Discussion
Individuals reporting ASMR experience have elevated levels of misophonia.
Long Thermal Stability of Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaics Incorporating Fullerene‐Based Diffusion Blocking Layer
Authors: Galatopoulos Fedros , Papadas Ioannis T. , Armatas Gerasimos S. , Choulis Stelios A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, the stability of inverted (p‐i‐n) perovskite solar cells is studied under accelerated heat lifetime conditions (60 °C, 85 °C, and N2 atmosphere). By using a combination of buffer layer engineering, impedance spectroscopy, and other characterization techniques, the interaction of the perovskite active layer with the top Al metal electrode through diffusion mechanisms is proposed as the major thermal degradation pathway for planar inverted perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) under 85 °C heat conditions. It is shown that by using thick solution processed fullerene buffer layer the perovskite active layer can be isolated from the top metal electrode and improve the lifetime performance of the inverted perovskite photovoltaics at 85 °C. Finally, an optimized reliable solution processed inverted perovskite PV device using thick fullerene diffusion blocking layer with over 1000 h accelerated heat lifetime performance at 60 °C is presented.
Unraveling Photostability of Mixed Cation Perovskite Films in Extreme Environment
Authors: Yang Jianming , Hong Qiuming , Yuan Zhongcheng , Xu Ruipeng , Guo Xuewen , Xiong Shaobing , Liu Xianjie , Braun Slawomir , Li Yanqing , Tang Jianxin , Duan Chungang , Fahlman Mats , Bao Qinye 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOrganometal halide perovskites exhibit a bright future for applications in solar cells, as efficiency has achieved over 22%. The long‐term stability remains a major obstacle for commercialization. Here, it is found that three cationic compositional engineered perovskites, MAPb(I0.83Br0.17)3, FA0.83MA0.17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, and Cs0.1(FA0.83MA0.17)0.9Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, undergo severe degradation under white‐light illumination in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment, but the rate of degradation is significantly lower for the mixed cation perovskites. This is attributed to the defect‐induced trap states that trigger the strong coupling between the photoexcited carriers and the crystal lattice. The observed behavior supports the view of the mixed cations suppressing the photoinduced degradation. It is further demonstrated that UHV environment remarkably accelerates the degradation of the perovskite films under illumination, which delivers a very important message that the current hybrid perovskite materials and their optoelectronic devices are not suitable for application in outer space. Moreover, the applied UHV environment can be an accelerated test method to estimate the photostability of the perovskites.
Efficient Water Splitting Cascade Photoanodes with Ligand‐Engineered MnO Cocatalysts
Authors: Lee Mi Gyoung , Jin Kyoungsuk , Kwon Ki Chang , Sohn Woonbae , Park Hoonkee , Choi Kyoung Soon , Go Yoo Kyung , Seo Hongmin , Hong Jung Sug , Nam Ki Tae , Jang Ho Won 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe band edge positions of semiconductors determine functionality in solar water splitting. While ligand exchange is known to enable modification of the band structure, its crucial role in water splitting efficiency is not yet fully understood. Here, ligand‐engineered manganese oxide cocatalyst nanoparticles (MnO NPs) on bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) anodes are first demonstrated, and a remarkably enhanced photocurrent density of 6.25 mA cm−2 is achieved. It is close to 85% of the theoretical photocurrent density (≈7.5 mA cm−2) of BiVO4. Improved photoactivity is closely related to the substantial shifts in band edge energies that originate from both the induced dipole at the ligand/MnO interface and the intrinsic dipole of the ligand. Combined spectroscopic analysis and electrochemical study reveal the clear relationship between the surface modification and the band edge positions for water oxidation. The proposed concept has considerable potential to explore new, efficient solar water splitting systems.
Spore wall ultrastructure and development in a basal euphyllophyte: Psilophyton dawsonii from the Lower Devonian of Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Noetinger Sol , Strayer Sandra L. , Tomescu Alexandru M.F. 
Published: August 2018

Premise of the StudyEuphyllophytes, a clade including living ferns, horsetails, and seed plants, have a rich fossil record going back to the Early Devonian. The euphyllophyte spore wall has a complex structure, the evolutionary origins of which are incompletely understood. Psilophyton is the best‐characterized basal euphyllophyte genus; thus, data on this genus can inform current hypotheses on spore wall structure and development, which propose a bilayered spore wall organization of combined spore and sporangial origin for the ancestral euphyllophyte.MethodsWe employed cellulose acetate peel sectioning of permineralized Lower Devonian (Emsian) Psilophyton dawsonii sporangia, combined with electron microscopy, to document spore wall structure and development.Key ResultsThe Psilophyton dawsonii spore wall is bilayered. The inner spore wall is homogeneous, probably of lamellar construction. The outer spore wall, loosely attached to the inner wall, covers distal and equatorial spore areas, and has a foveolate base layer upon which stacks of sporopollenin lumps accrete centrifugally, forming the scaffolding for the final apiculate ornamentation.ConclusionsThis is the most complete account on spore wall structure, allowing developmental interpretations, in a basal euphyllophyte. The bipartite organization of the Psilophyton dawsonii spore wall reflects development as a result of two processes: an inner layer laid down by the spore cell and an outer layer of tapetal origin. Providing direct evidence on the spore wall of a basal euphyllophyte, these data confirm previous hypotheses and mark an empirically supported starting point for discussions of the evolution of spore wall development in euphyllophytes.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reduction of Aryl Sulfones to Arenes by Means of Alkylmagnesium Reagents
Authors: Fukuda Jun‐ichi , Nogi Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA cobalt‐catalyzed reduction of aryl sulfones to the corresponding arenes has been developed. With a cobalt‐IPr catalyst and a primary alkylmagnesium reagent as the hydride source, a range of aryl sulfones and some other organosulfur compounds could be reduced.
Creating a smart textile via the self‐assembly of responsive polymer particles on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers
Authors: Liu Jiguang , Shi Gaoli , Liu Yue , Chen Siyan , Shang Cong 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTA novel method is presented for the construction of a hierarchical microstructure/nanostructure via the chemical self‐assembly of poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) particles on polyester fibers. The textile of the particle‐bound fibers possessed smart wettability and an oil‐absorbing capacity. The wettability was dependent on the initial contact angle and spreading time of water droplets on the particle‐bound textile, which could be controlled with the content of acrylic acid inserted into the polymer chains. The wettability of the particle‐bound textile was responsive to the pH value. In addition, the textile was superoleophilic on an air–solid surface and could absorb oil quickly from water. The oil‐absorbing capacity could be controlled by the alteration of the pH value. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46834.
Dynamische Entwicklung des Lebens nach der Kohle
Authors: Donat Ralf 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungIn Sielmanns Naturlandschaft Wanninchen, in der Niederlausitz im südlichen Brandenburg gelegen, hat sich seit dem Ende der Braunkohleförderung eine struktur‐ und artenreiche Bergbaufolgelandschaft entwickelt. Riesige Sanddünen, Kleingewässer und Seen prägen das Bild und bieten zahlreichen extrem seltenen Pflanzen, Insekten, Amphibien und Vögeln Lebensraum. Sandstrohblume, Kreiselwespe, Wechselkröte, Kranich und Wolf zählen zu den charakteristischen Attraktionen. Prägend ist der ständige Wandel der Landschaft und der Artenzusammensetzung, denn einerseits schreitet auf vielen offenen Flächen die natürliche Sukzession voran, andererseits sacken an einigen Stellen gelegentlich Teile der Landschaft ab, wodurch unvermittelt neue Strukturen entstehen. Durch die enge Kooperation mehrerer Akteure und durch das Flächeneigentum der Heinz Sielmann Stiftung konnte sichergestellt werden, dass Naturschutz bei allen Sanierungsmaßnahmen einen hohen Stellenwert hat. Dies kommt auch einer sanften touristischen Entwicklung der Region mit vielfältigen Naturerlebnis‐ und Umweltbildungsangeboten zugute. Dadurch, dass große Teile der Landschaft bergrechtlich gesperrt sind und ihr Betreten mit Gefahren verbunden ist, gibt es hier ein großes Potenzial für eine Wildnisentwicklung ohne weitere menschliche Beeinflussung. In einigen Arealen stellt sich jedoch die Frage nach dem Erhalt wertvoller Offenlandlebensräume, die ansonsten in unserer intensiv genutzten Kulturlandschaft nicht mehr existieren.