bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Subacromial Bursal Cells Display Superior Engraftment Versus Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Murine Tendon Repair
Authors: Dyrna Felix , Zakko Philip , Pauzenberger Leo , McCarthy Mary Beth , Mazzocca Augustus D. , Dyment Nathaniel A. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Bone marrow aspirate is a primary source for cell-based therapies with increasing value in the world of orthopaedic surgery, especially in revision cases of tendon and ligament repairs. However, cells within peritendinous structures, such as the paratenon and surrounding bursa, contribute to the native tendon-healing response and offer promising cell populations for cell-based repair strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of cells derived from human subacromial bursa as compared with the current gold standard, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), for tendon repairs in an established in vivo immunodeficient murine patellar tendon defect model. Hypothesis: Subacromial bursal cells will show superior survival and engraftment into the host tissue as compared with BMSCs. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Human subacromial bursal and bone marrow aspirate were harvested from the same donor undergoing rotator cuff repair. Cells were transfected with a fluorescent lentiviral vector to permanently label the cells, encapsulated into fibrin gel, and implanted into bilateral full-length central-width patellar tendon defects of immunodeficient mice. Additional surgery was performed on control mice comparing fibrin without cells and natural healing. At the time of sacrifice, all limbs were scanned on a multiphoton microscope to monitor the engraftment of the human donor cells. Afterward, limbs were assigned to either immunohistochemical or biomechanical analysis. Results: As compared with BMSCs, implanted subacromial bursal cells displayed superior tissue engraftment and survival. The main healing response in this defect model was the creation of new healing tissue over the anterior surface of the defect space. The implantation of cells significantly increased the thickness of the anterior healing tissue as compared with control limbs that did not receive cells. Cell proliferation was also increased in limbs that received implanted cells, suggesting that the donor cells stimulated a more robust healing response. Finally, these changes in the healing response did not lead to significant changes in mechanical properties. Conclusion: The subacromial bursa, while often removed during rotator cuff repair, may harbor a more suitable cell source for tendon repair than BMSCs, as bursal cells display superior engraftment and survival in tendon tissue. In addition, the subacromial bursa may be a more accessible cell source than bone marrow aspirate. Clinical Relevance: The subacromial bursa contains a cell population that responds to tendon injury and may provide a more optimal cell source for tendon repair and regeneration strategies. Therefore, cells could be harvested from this tissue in the future, as opposed to the current practice of bursectomy and debridement.
Femoral Tunnel Drilling Method: Risk of Reoperation and Revision After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Tejwani Samir G. , Prentice Heather A. , Wyatt Ronald W.B. , Maletis Gregory B. 
Published: November 2018

Background: The femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can be created by the transtibial (TT) or tibial-independent (TI) methods. An anatomically located femoral tunnel can be more consistently achieved by TI methods, which include the anteromedial portal and lateral (outside-in, retrodrill) techniques. Nonanatomic graft placement in ACLR can result in postoperative instability and meniscal or chondral injury. An anatomically located graft is subjected to higher postoperative physiologic forces than one placed nonanatomically. Purpose: To examine isolated primary ACLR and determine the risk of aseptic revision and reoperation based on femoral tunnel drilling method. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The ACLR registry of an integrated US health care system was used to identify primary isolated unilateral ACLRs from 2009 to 2014. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate risk for aseptic revision for graft failure and aseptic reoperation for meniscal or chondral injury according to femoral tunnel drilling method: TI versus TT. Models included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), race, graft type, and femoral fixation type as covariates. Results: The cohort included 19,059 patients with primary ACLR. The mean age was 28.9 years (SD, 11.5), 6991 patients (36.8%) were younger than 22 years, 11,795 patients (61.9%) were male, 7648 patients (40.1%) had a BMI less than 25 kg/m2, 8913 patients (46.8%) were white, and 7357 patients (38.6%) received an allograft. Median follow-up was 2.30 years (interquartile range, 1.08-3.77). TI techniques were used for 12,342 (64.8%) of the ACLRs, and the TT method was used for 6717 (35.2%). Use of TI techniques increased from 33.6% of all ACLRs in 2009 to 83.4% in 2014. After adjustment for covariates, the TI group had a higher risk for aseptic revision than the TT group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04-1.56), and this risk was 1.41 times higher in patients younger than 22 years specifically. The 5-year cumulative reoperation probability was lower in the TI group (4.50%; 95% CI, 3.78%-5.36%) compared with the TT group (5.06%; 95% CI, 4.31-5.94%). After adjustment for the covariates, no difference in risk for aseptic reoperation was observed (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.85-1.39). Conclusion: In the largest known study of its type examining femoral tunnel drilling method for primary ACLR, after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, race, graft type, and femoral fixation, TI techniques were found to carry higher risk of aseptic revision compared with the TT method, while no difference was observed in risk for aseptic reoperation.
Biceps Detachment Preserves Joint Function in a Chronic Massive Rotator Cuff Tear Rat Model
Authors: Chen Mengcun , Shetye Snehal S. , Huegel Julianne , Riggin Corinne N. , Gittings Daniel J. , Nuss Courtney A. , Weiss Stephanie N. , Kuntz Andrew F. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Lesions of the long head of the biceps tendon are often associated with massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs), and biceps tenotomy is frequently performed for pain relief and functional reservation. However, the efficacy and safety of biceps tenotomy regarding the effects on the surrounding tissues in chronic MRCT are unclear. Hypothesis: Biceps tenotomy would result in improved mechanical and histological properties of the intact subscapularis tendon and improved in vivo shoulder function while not compromising glenoid cartilage properties. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Right supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons were detached in 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats, followed by 4 weeks of cage activity to create a chronic MRCT condition. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups and received either biceps tenotomy (n = 11) or sham surgery (n = 14) and were sacrificed 4 weeks thereafter. Forelimb gait and ground-reaction forces were recorded 1 day before the tendon detachment (baseline), 1 day before the surgical intervention (biceps tenotomy or sham), and 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days after the intervention to assess in vivo shoulder joint function. The subscapularis tendon and glenoid cartilage were randomly allocated for mechanical testing or histologic assessment after the sacrifice. Results: Compared with sham surgery, biceps tenotomy partially restored the in vivo shoulder joint function, with several gait and ground-reaction force parameters returning closer to preinjury baseline values at 4 weeks. With biceps tenotomy, mechanical properties of the subscapularis tendons were improved, while mechanical properties and histological Mankin scores of the glenoid cartilage were not diminished when compared with the sham group. Conclusion: Biceps tenotomy in the presence of chronic MRCT partially preserves overall shoulder function and potentially restores subscapularis tendon health without causing detrimental effects to joint cartilage. This laboratory study adds to the growing literature regarding the protective effects of biceps tenotomy on the shoulder joint in a chronic MRCT model. Clinical Relevance: This study provides important basic science evidence supporting the use of biceps tenotomy in patients with massive rotator cuff tears.
Child’s Religiosity, Ethnic Origin, and Gender: A Randomized Experimental Examination of Risk Assessment and Placement Decisions in Cases of Ambiguous Risk to Children From Low SES Families
Authors: Enosh Guy , Nouman Hani , Schneck Chana 
Published: November 2018

Social workers are called upon as expert witnesses to assess risk to children and recommend interventions. It is hypothesized that risk assessments and decisions are influenced by the risk-to-child as well as personal attitudes and biases. We examined the role of the ethnic origin, religiosity, and child gender on assessments and recommendation. Methods: The current study used a survey-based balanced crossover experimental design. One hundred and twenty Israeli social workers responded to case descriptions of ambiguous risk cases of children from low socioeconomic status families. Design was based on eight vignettes. Manipulated factors included child’s gender, family religiosity, and ethnic origin. Participants assessed the child risk level and reported placement recommendation. Results: Male, ultraorthodox-Jewish child of Mizrahi origin had higher likelihood for risk assessment. Risk assessment predicted placement recommendation. Implications: Social workers tend to perceive child’s male gender, ultrareligiosity, and Mizrahi origin as risk factors. Such cultural biases indirectly affected the placement recommendation. Awareness of social workers regarding these potential biases may reduce the influence of heuristics on the professional decision-making process.
Larval survival of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus lungworm in cat litters
Authors: Abbate Jessica M , Arfuso Francesca , Gaglio Gabriella , Napoli Ettore , Cavalera Maria A , Giannetto Salvatore , Otranto Domenico , Brianti Emanuele 
Published: November 2018

Objectives The dehydrating power of cat litters may reduce the vitality of first-stage larvae (L1s) of feline lungworms, limiting copromicroscopical diagnosis. This study assessed the effect of the most commonly used cat litters on Aelurostrongylus abstrusus L1 survival. Methods Four types of cat litters were used: clumpling clay (group A); non-clumpling clay (group B); silica crystals (group C); and biodegradable (group D). A control group without litter (group E) was also included. On study day 0 (T0), L1s were obtained by the Baermann–Wetzel technique from the faeces of a naturally infected cat and ~100 larvae were injected in each of the 20 lungworm larvae-free faecal samples (~2 g each). Thereafter, four faecal samples per group were transferred into plastic cups containing the four different types of cat litters, or into empty cups (group E). The survival of L1s was assessed in each group after 3 (T3), 6 (T6), 12 (T12) and 24 (T24) h, using the Baermann–Wetzel technique. Results A decreasing trend of L1 survival was observed in all groups, with highest significant values at T0 compared with T3, T6, T12 and T24 ( P <0.001). However, at T24, a significantly higher number ( P <0.05) of L1s was extracted from faeces of the control group compared with the four groups with cat litters. Conclusions and relevance This study demonstrates how the survival of A abstrusus L1s, and therefore diagnosis, may be negatively influenced by the litter. The effect is time dependent, with a reduction in the number of vital larvae according to the type of litter, over time. False-negative results may be obtained, especially in cases of low parasitic load or when the sample is collected many hours after the emission.
Melatonin Improves Mood Status and Quality of Life and Decreases Cortisol Levels in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Castaño M. Yolanda , Garrido Maria , Rodríguez Ana Beatriz , Gómez M. Ángeles 
Published: November 2018

Background: Mood disturbances are implicated in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different doses of melatonin on quality of life, mood status, pain, anxiety, and urinary cortisol levels in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods: After a 10-day baseline period for the collection of data about participants’ initial status, participants took different doses of melatonin for 10 consecutive days each, with placebo given during the 10 days either before or between melatonin doses. Participants’ moods, quality of life, and pain levels were assessed using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), a Numerical Pain Scale (NPS), the State-Trait Anxiety Test (STAI), a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Urinary cortisol levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results: Doses of 9, 12, and 15 mg of melatonin were associated with decreases in the total score of the FIQ, NPS scores, and urinary cortisol levels. The State-Anxiety subscale of the STAI improved after the 12 mg dose. The scores on the VAS improved after the 9 mg dose. The dimensions evaluated in the SF-36 questionnaire improved after the 9 mg dose. Conclusion: Melatonin improved mood, anxiety levels, and quality of life while decreasing cortisol levels in patients with fibromyalgia.
How can the presence of a surgical care practitioner improve training for staff who are learning how to scrub for robotics cases in a urology theatre?
Authors: Barry Prue 
Published: November 2018

Aim This study examines how a surgical care practitioner can contribute to the learning needs of junior scrub staff learning to scrub for urological robotics cases. Key themes include education, technical training, non-technical skills, patient safety and the specialist practitioner as educator. Methods Data collection was via an online survey, distributed by a gatekeeper to 13 participants. These were junior scrub practitioners who had completed their robotic rotation. Results A 62% response rate was achieved. The majority of respondents indicated that there was a difference in interactions when a surgical care practitioner was assisting compared to a surgical trainee. Half of the respondents felt more confident when the surgical care practitioner was assisting. Conclusions A range of approaches were proposed for how the surgical care practitioner could enhance learning. Structured input is likely to be more appropriate to avoid the surgical care practitioner being distracted from their own duties whilst assisting. There is scope for further research.
Introduction of the Surgical Site Fire Risk Assessment at The Lister Hospital, part of HCA Healthcare UK
Authors: Parremore Rose 
Published: November 2018

Introduction A surgical site fire within the operating theatres is a continuous risk in modern surgery. When such an event does happen, clinical personnel can feel stunned, because such events are rare, and often happen rapidly. At The Lister Hospital, part of HCA Healthcare UK, a Fire Risk Assessment Tool and Protocol was developed to reduce such risks. Method Reviewing the scholarly literature and case studies relating to surgical site fires provides information and recommendations to highlight and improve such dangerous incidents from occurring in the future. Conclusion From the review of literature, two extensively documented cases of surgical site fire concluded in the identification of the elements of the fire triangle that create risk. From the recommendations a Fire Risk Assessment Tool and Protocol were developed and implemented at The Lister Hospital, including an addition to the WHO five Steps to Safer Surgery Checklist.
Treatment Outcomes of Lesser Tuberosity Osteotomy Nonunion After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Bloom Zachary J , Lopez, BA Cesar D , Maier Stephen P , Shiu Brian B , Petkovic Djuro , Levine William N , Jobin Charles M 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Lesser tuberosity osteotomy (LTO) during anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty has a 13% nonunion rate. Treatment for LTO nonunion is controversial and poorly described in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical and nonsurgical treatment outcomes of LTO nonunion. Methods A retrospective case series of 9 consecutive patients with LTO nonunion after primary anatomic shoulder arthroplasty at 1 institution from 2010 to 2016 were studied. Outcomes measured were radiographic evaluation of LTO on axillary X-ray, clinical range of motion (ROM), subscapularis strength, and pain at the time of LTO nonunion diagnosis and after either conservative care or surgical repair of the LTO nonunion. Results LTO nonunion was treated surgically in 4 and conservatively in 5 patients with average follow-up of 30 and 22 months, respectively. There were no significant differences in age, sex, or smoking status between groups. Treatment decision was a shared model of surgeon and patient. Displaced LTO nonunion was treated surgically in 2 and conservatively in 3 patients. There were no differences in LTO union rate of 50% in the surgical versus 60% in the conservative group. Abdominal compression test was abnormal in 50% of surgical versus 40% of conservative groups. At follow-up, ROM was lower in the surgical group with 128° forward elevation (FE) and 33° external rotation (ER) compared to 148° FE and 62° ER. Only 1 patient with LTO nonunion required conversion to reverse replacement. Conclusion LTO nonunion after shoulder arthroplasty is rare. Surgical repair of LTO nonunion does not significantly improve clinical or radiographic outcomes compared to conservative care.
The impacts of cough: a cross-sectional study in a Finnish adult employee population
Authors: Koskela Heikki O. , Lätti Anne M. , Pekkanen Juha 
Published: November 2018

Given the very high prevalence of cough, little is known about its impacts.A questionnaire was sentviae-mail to all public service employees in two towns in Finland. There were 373 subjects with acute cough, 174 with subacute cough and 421 with chronic cough. Cough-related quality of life was assessed with the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and depressive symptoms with Patient Health Questionnaire-2. In addition, data on doctor's visits and sick leave days were collected.Mean LCQ (95% CI) total scores were 16.2 (15.9–16.5), 14.5 (14.1–15.0) and 14.6 (14.3–14.9) among subjects with acute, subacute and chronic cough, respectively (p<0.001). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 5.4%, 7.5% and 4.8%, respectively, and 5.0% among subjects without current cough (p=0.50). The respective proportions of subjects with at least one doctor's visit due to cough during the previous year were 27.6%, 44.8%, 49.6% and 16.1% (p<0.001). The respective proportions of subjects with at least one sick leave day due to cough during the previous year were 28.9%, 39.1%, 36.3% and 15.3% (p<0.001). Any current cough was associated with an increased the risk of several (three or more) yearly doctor's visit due to any reason (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.27–1.76) and several (seven or more) yearly sick leave days due to any reason (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.22–1.68).Cough decreases quality of life, and has a large socioeconomic impact by increasing doctor's visits and sick leave days. However, it is not associated with depressive symptoms. The impacts of subacute and chronic cough are comparable, and larger than those of acute cough.
Sunitinib-suppressed miR-452-5p facilitates renal cancer cell invasion and metastasis through modulating SMAD4/SMAD7 signals
Authors: Zhai Wei , Li Saiyang , Zhang Jin , Chen Yonghui , Ma Junjie , Kong Wen , Gong Dongkui , Zheng Junhua , Xue Wei , Xu Yunfei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Purpose
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) were revealed as crucial modulators in tumor metastasis and target therapy, our understanding of their roles in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and Sunitinib treatment was limited. Here we sought to identify human miRNAs that acted as key regulators in renal cancer metastasis and Sunitinib treatment.

Experimental design
We focused on 2 published microarray data to select out our anchored miRNA and then explored the roles of miR-452-5p both in vitro and in vivo, which was downregulated after Sunitinib treatment while upregulated in metastasis renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues.

Results
Here, we discovered that treating with Sunitinib, the targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), inhibited renal cancer cell migration and invasion via attenuating the expression of miR-452-5p. The novel identified miR-452-5p was upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in RCC. Preclinical studies using multiple RCC cells and xenografts model illustrated that miR-452-5p could promote RCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, P65 could directly bind to the miR-452-5p promoter and thus transcriptionally induce miR-452-5p expression, which led to post-transcriptionally abrogate SMAD4 expression, thus inhibition of its downstream gene SMAD7.

Conclusion
Our study presented a road map for targeting this newly identified miR-452-5p and its SMAD4/SMAD7 signals pathway, which imparted a new potential therapeutic strategy for mRCC treatment.
Electrochemical polarization around metallic particles — Part 2: The role of diffuse surface charge
Authors: Bücker Matthias , Undorf Sabine , Flores Orozco Adrián , Kemna Andreas 
Published: November 2018

Numerical simulations are carried out to study the induced-polarization response of a charged metallic sphere, which immersed in electrolyte solution is covered by a static diffuse layer. The metallic sphere itself is assumed to be perfectly conductive; electromigration and diffusion processes in bulk electrolyte and diffuse layer are modeled by the Poisson-Nernst-Planck system of partial differential equations. To include the effect of a fixed diffuse charge, we consider a constant electric [Formula: see text]-potential at the surface of the particle, which leads to the buildup of a static diffuse layer. Furthermore, a minor fraction of electroactive cations engages in oxidation-reduction reactions at the particle surface, which allows charges to be transferred across the solid-liquid interface. Upon excitation by a low-frequency electric field, we observe the coupling of three polarization processes in the composite material consisting of metallic particle and surrounding electrolyte. The first is related to the dynamic charging of field-induced diffuse layers immediately outside the two hemispheres of the sphere. The other two are volume-diffusion processes: (1) one driven by the reaction currents through the particle surface and (2) the other driven by the unequal electromigration transport of anions and cations through the static diffuse layer. Diffuse-layer relaxation and volume diffusion due to reaction currents can also be observed around uncharged metallic particles and clearly dominate the macroscopic polarization response. The [Formula: see text]-surface potential at the particle surface, and thus the static diffuse layer, only moderately change the relaxation of the field-induced diffuse layer: With the increasing magnitude of the [Formula: see text]-potential, we observe an increase of the low-frequency electrical conductivity of the particle in suspension, a reduction of its polarization magnitude, and a shift of its characteristic frequency toward lower frequencies. The volume-diffusion process due to the reaction currents remains practically unaffected by the static diffuse layer.