bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head-mounted displays based on human eye condition variation patterns
Authors: Cao Tuo , Wang Lingyun , Yan Shenghu , Gong Shijie 
Published: November 2024

In response to the practical demands for a wide field of view (FOV), long exit pupil distance, and high image quality in head-mounted displays, an initial structure was built based on the principles of catadioptric lenses in a folded optical path (pancake optics) and the field curvature correction formula. Subsequently, using even-order aspheric surfaces, a VR optical system was developed with a FOV of 2w=110∘, an exit pupil distance of 15 mm, and an exit pupil diameter of 8 mm. Compared to traditional designs, a human eye model was introduced as the image plane to construct a VR–human eye optical system analysis model, allowing for direct analysis of the retinal image quality under different states of the human eye. After that, based on medical statistical data, the impact of different light intensity conditions on the retinal image quality of the VR optical system was explored. Experimental results showed that changes in light intensity affect the pupil diameter, which, in turn, influences the final image quality of the system. To solve the issues, two solutions were proposed: adjusting the screen distance and changing the lens spacing. Both methods significantly improved the imaging quality on the human retina, with an increase of over 30% in the average MTF value. A comparison of these methods was conducted, providing valuable references for future VR optical system designs.
Prevalence of disability and associated functional limitations among older adults in Brazil
Authors: Souto Rayone Moreira Costa Veloso , Corassa Rafael Belo , Souto Júnior José Veloso , Morais Neto Otaliba Libânio 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Disabilities are a serious public health, social and human rights issue. Few studies address the relationship between disabilities and functioning among older adults. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of disability and its’ association with comorbidities and functional limitations in Brazilian elderly individuals.

Methods
Data from the National Health Survey—PNS 2019 was used. Prevalence rates with its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for variables of interest. Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression were conducted to investigate associations and estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) using Stata 17.0 software. The critical value (p<0.05) was considered.

Results
The overall prevalence of disability was 58.3% (95% CI 57.2–59.4). Moderate/severe disabilities accounted for 24.1 (95% CI 23.1–25.1) and was high among elderly people females (27.9%, 95% CI 26.5–29.3), unemployed (28.4%, 95% CI 27.3–29.6), with an income of up to one minimum wage (30.6%, 95% CI 29.1–32.2), lower education (28.7%, 95% CI 27.5–29.9) and not married (28.5%, 95% CI 27.1–29.9). Crude odds ratios of having functional limitations were 4.5 times higher among individuals with three or more comorbidities, and 32.5 times higher among those with two or more disabilities, compared to those without these conditions.

Conclusion
Having a disability is an important predictor of functional limitations, especially among women, and people with lower income and education. To address this problem, public health policies such as encouraging physical activity among the elderly in Brazil should be implemented.
Identification and outcomes of acute kidney disease in patients presenting in Bolivia, Brazil, South Africa, and Nepal
Authors: Evans Rhys D. R. , Sharma Sanjib K. , Claure-Del Granado Rolando , Cullis Brett , Burdmann Emmanuel A. , Franca FOS , Aguiar Junio , Fredlund Martyn , Hendricks Kelly , Iturricha-Caceres Maria F. , Rai Mamit , Shah Bhupendra , Kafle Shyam , Harris David C. , Rocco Mike V. 
Published: November 2024

Background
The International Society of Nephrology proposes an acute kidney disease (AKD) management strategy that includes a risk score to aid AKD identification in low- and low-middle-income countries (LLMICs). We investigated the performance of the risk score and determined kidney and patient outcomes from AKD at multiple LLMIC sites.

Methods and findings
Adult patients presenting to healthcare facilities in Bolivia, Brazil, South Africa, and Nepal were screened using a symptom-based risk score and clinical judgment. Those at AKD risk underwent serum creatinine testing, predominantly with a point-of-care (POC) device. Clinical data were collected prospectively between September 2018 and November 2020. We analyzed risk score performance and determined AKD outcomes at discharge and over follow-up of 90 days. A total of 4,311 patients were at increased risk of AKD, and 2,922 (67.8%) had AKD confirmed. AKD prevalence was 80.2% in patients enrolled based on the risk score and 32.5% when enrolled on clinical judgment alone (p < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.73 for the risk score to detect AKD. Death during admission occurred in 84 (2.9%) patients with AKD and 3 (0.2%) patients without kidney disease (p < 0.0001). Death after discharge occurred in 206 (9.7%) AKD patients, and 1865 AKD patients underwent reassessment of kidney function after discharge; 902 (48.4%) patients had persistent kidney disease including 740 (39.7%) patients reclassified with de novo or previously undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study was pragmatically designed to assess outcomes as part of routine healthcare, and there was heterogeneity in clinical practice and outcomes between sites, in addition to selection bias during cohort identification.

Conclusions
The use of a risk score can aid AKD identification in LLMICs. High rates of persistent kidney disease and mortality after discharge highlight the importance of AKD follow-up in low-resource settings.
Risk factors for anaemia among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Upper East Region, Ghana
Authors: Asobuno Clotilda , Adjei-Gyamfi Silas , Aabebe Felix Gumaayiri , Hammond John , Taikeophithoun Chansathit , Amuna Norbert Ndaah , Aoki Tsunenori , Aiga Hirotsugu 
Published: November 2024

Background
Anaemia in pregnancy (AIP) is a public health concern due to its devastating effects on women and their unborn babies, resulting in increased maternal and neonatal deaths in developing countries. Despite several Ghanaian health policies to combat AIP, AIP is still on the rise. It becomes imperative to identify geographic-specific factors for developing appropriate interventions for the management of AIP. However, Kassena Nankana West District (KNWD) in the Upper East Region of Ghana lacks a study on anaemia risk factors, therefore, this study estimated the prevalence and risk factors for anaemia among pregnant women in the district.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2023 in the KNWD. Approximately 376 pregnant women in their third trimester were randomly selected from 10 health facilities by utilizing the antenatal register as the sampling frame. Anthropometric, obstetric, sociodemographic, and health facility resource characteristics were collected using structured questionnaires and from antenatal records. Mixed-effect logistic regression was used to identify independent factors of anaemia at 95% confidence interval.

Results
Prevalence of AIP was 53.9% (95%CI:48.5%–58.8%). Mild, moderate, and severe anaemia prevalence was 16.9%, 35.3%, and 1.7% respectively. Malaria infection during pregnancy (aOR = 1.64; 95%CI:1.03–2.62) and accessing health facilities without trained laboratory personnel (aOR = 5.49; 95%CI:1.67–18.00) were associated with increased odds of AIP. Belonging to the major ethnic group (aOR = 0.52; 95%CI:0.28–0.85), accessing health facilities without laboratory services (aOR = 0.14; 95%CI:0.04–0.47), and accessing health facilities without sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine drugs (aOR = 0.22; 95%CI:0.06–0.86) in KNWD were also associated with decreased odds of AIP.

Conclusion
KNWD has a severe burden of AIP. Maternal and health facility-related factors were associated with AIP in the district. These factors are preventable. Therefore, the provision of functional laboratory services with dedicated technical personnel, regular supply of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine drugs to the health facilities, and enhanced community education on malaria prevention are recommended for anaemia control in the district.
Prospective longitudinal study of men who have sex with men and transgender women to determine HIV incidence in two provinces in Thailand
Authors: Namwat Chawetsan , Leela-Apiradee Warong , Tiawilai Thawat , Dear Nicole , Wansom Tanyaporn , Kitsiripornchai Suchai , Premsri Nakorn , Akapirat Siriwat , Crowell Trevor A. , Francisco Leilani , Li Qun , Robb Merlin L. , Smith Kirsten S. , Heger Elizabeth A. , Fukuda Mark M. , O’Connell Robert J. , Rerks-Ngarm Supachai , Vasan Sandhya ,   for the RV348M Study Group
Published: November 2024

Background
In Thailand, HIV transmission is well characterized in large urban centers such as Bangkok and Chiang Mai but less so outside of these areas. The main purpose of this study was to assess HIV incidence and associated risk factors in Nakhon Ratchasima and Ratchaburi.

Methods
Participants assigned male sex at birth were enrolled in this prospective observational cohort study between November 2017 and July 2018. HIV and syphilis testing and sociobehavioral questionnaires were administered over 18 months. HIV incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a Poisson distribution. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs for associations between potential risk factors and HIV seroconversion.

Results
A total of 1003 participants were enrolled. Overall HIV incidence was 1.56 per 100 person-years (95% CI:1.02–2.44) and similar at both sites. In the fully adjusted model, sex with a sex worker in the past six months was associated with reduced risk of seroconversion (aHR:0.10, 95% CI:0.01–0.77). In the reduced adjusted model, receptive anal sex (aHR:3.40, 95% CI:1.32–8.74) and STI diagnosis in the past six months (aHR:3.58, 95% CI:1.19–10.76) were associated with seroconversion, while sex with a sex worker in the past six months was associated with reduced risk of seroconversion (aHR:0.11, 95% CI:0.02–0.67). Additionally, 56% reported interest in taking PrEP and 82% reported willingness to participate in a hypothetical future vaccine trial.

Conclusions
Recent receptive anal sex practices were associated with HIV acquisition in these populations, highlighting the continued need for interventions encouraging safer anal sex practices to reduce HIV incidence.
High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in pregnant women in Benin
Authors: Tchibozo Eyram Maria Concheta , Houehanou Sonou Yessito Corine , Ariyoh Amidou Salmane , Hountondji Fabrice , Zantou Femi , Lacroix Philippe , Houinato Dismand Stephan , Bezanahary Holy 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) are highly prevalent in SubSaharan African communities. In these countries the burden of CVRF during early pregnancy has been poorly documented.

Aim
The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of CVRF in pregnant women before the 20th week of gestation in Benin

Methods
Consecutive pregnant women with a gestational age < 20th week were included in 30 maternity clinics in Benin. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine characteristics associated with CVRF.

Results
1244 pregnant women were included (680 (54.7%) in urban areas and 584 (45.3%) in rural areas). The median age was 26 years. The frequencies of high blood pressure (HBP), obesity and diabetes were 18.9%, 15.0% and 3.1% respectively. Very few women (25.3%) were aware of the HBP disorder. HBP was associated with an age ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.7, 95%CI:1.1–2.7), a rural setting (OR = 2.6; 95%CI:1.9–3.5), an insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR = 3.2; 95%CI:2.0–5.3) and a history of at least 2 fetal losses (OR = 1.9; 95% CI [1.4–2.7]). The risk of being overweight was associated with an age >24 years old (OR = 1.6; 95%CI:1.1–2.2) conversely a rural setting was protective (OR = 0.7; 95%CI:0.5–0.9). Obesity was associated with an age > 35 years old (OR = 4.1; 95%CI:2.5–6.8) and a rural setting (OR = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.2–0.5).

Conclusion
The frequency of CVRF in women before 20th week of gestation was high. Most of the women were unaware of the disorder. Thus the screening of CVRF among women of reproductive age might be relevant.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Kenya: A study nested in the Kenya Population-based HIV Impact Assessment 2018
Authors: Ondondo Raphael O. , Muthusi Jacques , Oramisi Violet , Kimani Daniel , Ochwoto Missiani , Young Peter , Ngugi Catherine , Waruru Anthony , Mwangi Jane , Chao Ann , Bronson Megan , Dobbs Trudy , Ng’ang’a Lucy , Bowen Nancy , Aoko Appolonia , Armstrong Paige A. , Aman Rashid , Bulterys Marc 
Published: November 2024

Background
Sub-Saharan Africa region bears the highest chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection burden worldwide. National estimates of HBV burden are necessary for a viral hepatitis program planning. This study estimated the national prevalence of HBV infection in Kenya among people aged 15–64 years.

Methods
Of 27,745 participants age 15–64 years in the Kenya Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (KENPHIA) 2018 household survey, we analyzed data for all persons living with HIV (PLHIV; n = 1,521) and a random sample of HIV-negative persons (n = 1,551), totaling to 3,072 participants. We tested whole blood samples for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Determine™ HBsAg rapid test and used population projections to estimate national disease burden. Pearson chi square was performed and the weighted prevalence proportions presented.

Findings
Of the 3,072 participants,124 tested HBsAg positive, resulting in a weighted national HBV prevalence of 3.0% (95% CI: 2.2–3.9%). This translated to an HBV infection burden of 810,600 (95% CI: 582,700–1,038,600) persons age 15–64 years in Kenya. Distribution of HBV prevalence varied widely (p<0.001) by geography, ranging from 0.1% in Eastern Kenya regions to over 5% in northern and western Kenya. Prevalence of HBV infection was higher in PLHIV (4.7%; 95% CI: 3.3–6.0%) compared to HIV-negative persons (3.0%; 95% CI: 2.1–3.9%), and was highest among persons: age 45–54 years (6.4%; 95% CI: 3.3–9.5%), those who reported no formal education (10.7%; 95% CI: 5.1–16.4%), in polygamous marriages (6.8%; 95% CI: 1.7–11.8%), and in the lowest wealth quintile (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.8–7.7). When adjusted for covariates, lack of formal education (aOR = 4.2; 95% CI: 1.5–12.6) was significantly associated with HBV infection. In stratified analysis by HIV status, residing in rural areas and history of blood transfusion were independently associated with HBV infection among PLHIV, while lack of formal education and no history of blood transfusion were associated with HBV infection among HIV-negative participants (p<0.05).

Interpretation
HBV prevalence among persons aged 15–64 years in Kenya was 3.0%. Higher prevalence was documented among persons without formal education, in the lowest wealth quintile, and those living in Kenya’s North-Eastern, Rift Valley-North and Nyanza regions. Targeted programmatic measures to strengthen interventions against HBV infections including newborn vaccination and treatment of infected adults to limit mother-to-child transmission, would be helpful in reducing burden of HBV-associated viral hepatitis.
Tailored recruitment interventions to improve bowel cancer screening in Arabic and Mandarin speaking groups: Modelled cost-effectiveness
Authors: Lal Anita , Mohebi Mohammadreza , Wyatt Kerryann , Ghosh Ayesha , Broun Kate , Gao Lan , McCaffrey Nikki 
Published: November 2024

Background
Effective bowel cancer screening is freely available in Australia, however, there are inequities in utilisation amongst non-English speakers at home. This study estimates the health impacts and cost-effectiveness of recruitment interventions targeted at Arabic and Mandarin speaking populations in Victoria, Australia to increase bowel cancer screening participation.

Methods
A Markov microsimulation model simulated the development of bowel cancer, considering National Bowel Cancer Screening Program participation rates. Culturally specific recruitment interventions e.g., community education and tailored paid media for 50–74-year-olds were compared to usual practice. A cost-utility analysis was conducted over a 50-year time horizon from a healthcare perspective, to estimate the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) based on plausible effectiveness levels. Costs are in 2019 Australian dollars.

Results
Intervention costs were $6.90 per person for the Arabic speaking group and $3.10 for Mandarin speakers. The estimated cost/QALY was $2,781 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: $2,144─$3,277) when screening increased by 0.2% in the Arabic group, and an estimated 5–6 additional adenoma and cancer cases were detected. In the Mandarin group, the estimated cost/QALY was $1,024/QALY (95%UI: $749─$1,272) when screening increased by 1.1%, and an estimated 18–23 additional adenoma and cancer cases were detected.

Conclusions
Culturally specific recruitment interventions to increase bowel cancer screening are inexpensive and likely to be cost-effective. Improvements in capturing language spoken at home by the National program would facilitate more precise estimates of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these interventions.
The effects of psychological flexibility and night shifts on mental health and well-being in nurses
Authors: Li Xinhong , Han Juan , Lin Hongmei 
Published: November 2024

Background
Examining mental health among nurses in the later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic could offer valuable information for addressing these symptoms in the long term. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the mental health and well-being of Chinese nurses, as well as investigate the impact of psychological flexibility and night shifts on this relationship.

Method
In cross-sectional, hospital-based, multicenter study, 422 Chinese nurses were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling. The mental health status, psychological flexibility, and wellbeing were assessed via 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Chinese version of Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index, and Chinese version of the 5-item WHO Well-Being Index, respectively. To examine the proposed theoretical model, we conducted structural equation modeling using SPSS Amos 26 version. The age, gender, night shift, psychological flexibility, mental health, and well-being data were entered into the model. Pearson correlation and chi-square were used to explore the correlation between variables.

Results
The high night shifts, being young and low psychological flexibility significantly had a direct effect on worse mental health (night shifts: ES, 95% CI: 0.619, 0.328–0.725; age: ES, 95% CI: 0.542, 0.226–0.993; psychological flexibility: ES, 95% CI: 0.675, 0.369–1.466). The low psychological flexibility and worse mental health were able to directly effect on worse wellbeing (psychological flexibility: ES, 95% CI: 0.419, 0.757–1.519; mental health: ES, 95% CI: 0.719, 1.109–2.607). In addition, psychological flexibility through the mediation of mental health also had an indirect effect on wellbeing (ES, 95% CI: 0.269, 0.957–2.165).

Conclusions
Being young, having more night shifts and having less psychological flexibility can be related to the deterioration of mental health and well-being in nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses use the shift routine program with the least focus on the night shifts. Also, interventions to teach younger nurses how to face work stress and interventions to improve the psychological flexibility of all nurses are needed.
Added sugars and risk of osteoarthritis in adults: A case-control study based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018
Authors: Liao Xiaolong , Chen Xiali , Zhou Yumei , Xing Limin , Shi Yihua , Huang Guoxin 
Published: November 2024

Objective
Added sugars have been associated with a variety of adverse health consequences, but their relationship with osteoarthritis is unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the association between added sugars and osteoarthritis.

Methods
We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2007 to 2018 to explore the association between added sugars and osteoarthritis.

Results
In our study, 2,746 adults were included. The average age of the chosen participants was 43.77 years, with 52.33% males and 47.67% females. There were 2,152 in the osteoarthritis group and 594 in the non-osteoarthritis group, weighted to represent 11,854,966 participants. In the fully adjusted multivariable model 3, added sugars were found as a risk factor for osteoarthritis (OR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01), with populations in the fourth quartile having a greater prevalence of osteoarthritis (OR = 1.40; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.81). When added sugars were treated as a continuous variable in subgroup analysis, the results indicated that never consumed alcohol (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04) and no history of diabetes (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04)were more Likely tend to osteoarthritis. When added sugars were treated as a categorical variable in subgroup analysis, the results indicated that compared to the first group, in the fourth quartile population, females (OR = 1.44; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.02), low BMI (OR = 1.88; 95% CI 1.06 to 3.33), never smoking (OR = 1.55; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.30), never consumed alcohol (OR = 3.31; 95% CI 1.42 to 7.74), no history of hypertension (OR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.27), and no history of diabetes (OR = 1.44; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.87) were more likely tend to osteoarthritis.

Conclusion
Added sugars are a risk factor for osteoarthritis, especially in females, low BMI, never smoking, never consumed alcohol, no history of hypertension, and no history of diabetes.