bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Molecularity of Spices: The Gustatory Perspective
Authors: Thomas Sona S. , Bhayani Hirva S. , Crasto Chiquito 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We explored electronic-structural features of molecules that elicit specific spice-taste-responses. The purpose of this work was to identify reproducible molecular fingerprints that might contribute to this taste. Our work informs us that these fingerprints go beyond gross and superficial molecular features such as aliphatic or aromatic systems, straight chains or rings, and specific functional groups. We explored these molecules down to the granularity of atom-pairs in structurally and chemically disparate molecules that produce the same taste response. These atom-pairs are not necessarily bonded. The atom-pairs have reproducible electronic-structural features even when they are in molecules that are superficially dissimilar. The electronic features were represented by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) chemical shifts—that depict the electronic and chemical environments around an atom in the atom-pair. The structural features were represented by inter atomic (bonded or non-bonded) distances. We explored these fingerprints for 34 molecules whose tastes were identified by taste experts from TheGoodScentsCompany web resource. We identified atom-pairs that are likely responsible for specific spice-related tastes: spicy, herbal, woody, citrus, sweet, and minty, or combinations of these tastes which likely contribute to a spice’s unique flavor. For molecules clustered by similar tastes our results are consistent and independent of the overall structural and chemical nature of the molecule.
Novel treatment strategy targeting interleukin-6 induced by cancer-associated fibroblast for peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer
Authors: Mitsui Ema , Kikuchi Satoru , Okura Tomohiro , Tazawa Hiroshi , Une Yuta , Nishiwaki Noriyuki , Kuroda Shinji , Noma Kazuhiro , Kagawa Shunsuke , Ohara Toshiaki , Ohtsuka Junko , Ohki Rieko , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the crucial components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of the peritoneal metastasis (PM) and contribute to tumor progression and metastasis via the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Herein, we have investigated the role of IL-6 in PM of gastric cancer (GC) and whether anti-IL-6 receptor antibody (anti-IL-6R Ab) could inhibit PM of GC. IL-6 and α-smooth muscle (α-SMA) expressions were immunohisitochemically investigated in clinical samples of GC and PM. And we investigated the interactions between CAFs and GC cells in vitro. Moreover, anti-tumor effects of anti-IL-6R Ab to PM of GC were investigated in murine orthotopic PM model. IL-6 expression was significantly correlated with α-SMA expression in clinical samples of GC and higher IL-6 expression in the primary tumor was associated with poor prognosis of GC. And higher IL-6 and α-SMA expressions were also observed with PM of GC. In vitro, the differentiation of fibroblasts into CAFs and chemoresistance was observed in GC cells cocultured with fibroblasts. Anti-IL-6R Ab inhibited the progression of PM of GC cells cocultured with fibroblasts in orthotopic mouse model although it could not inhibit the progression of PM consisting of GC cells alone. IL-6 expression in TME was associated with poor prognosis of GC and CAFs were associated with establishment and progression of PM via IL-6. The anti-IL-6R Ab could inhibit PM of GC by the blockade of IL-6 secreted by CAFs, which might be a novel therapeutic strategy for PM of GC.
Community Volunteer Experiences In Detecting And Preventing Stunting in Pregnant Women in Indonesia : A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati , Hermayanti Yanti , Fadlyana Eddy , Maulana Indra , Mediani Henny Suzana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Stunting in children is still a public health problem in Indonesia and is of concern to the Indonesian government. Stunting in children can have both immediate and lasting impacts on the development of human capital and the future productivity of those affected individuals as they mature. Therefore, it is crucial for health care professionals and community volunteers to prioritize the detection and prevention of stunting in pregnant women in Indonesia health context. This study aims to understand and describe the experiences of community volunteers in detecting and preventing stunting in pregnant women.
Methods
A qualitative approach was employed in this study, conducted at the Garut Regency Health Center in West Java Province, Indonesia. Individual semi-structured, in-depth interviews were carried out with 15 community volunteers between August and September 2023. The data were then analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
The study identified four theme clusters emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) challenges in detecting stunting in pregnant women, (2) effective communication with pregnant women and their family, (3) the need to increase knowledge in detecting and preventing stunting, (4) role and responsibility as health cadres in preventing stunting.
Tuning of spin-transfer torque in VSe$_2$-based vdW magnetic tunnel junctions by electrode polytypes
Authors: Davoudiniya Masoumeh , Sanyal Biplab 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Inspired by the promising properties of monolayer 1T-VSe$_2$, known for its ferromagnetic ordering and Curie temperature above room temperature, we developed a 2D van der Waals heterostructure featuring VSe$_2$ as the ferromagnetic layer, flanked by non-magnetic TaS$_2$ electrodes and MoS$_2$ as the tunneling barrier. Using \emph{ab initio} quantum transport simulations within the nonequilibrium Green’s function framework, we explored the impact of TaS$_2$ electrode polytypes on the device's quantum transport properties. Our results reveal that devices with 1T-TaS$_2$ electrodes exhibit higher spin-dependent transmission compared to 2H-TaS$_2$ electrodes. Incorporating MoS$_2$ enhances anisotropic tunnel magnetoresistance significantly, reaching 168\% for the 1T-device and 1419\% for the 2H-device, peaking when VSe$_2$ layers' magnetizations are antiparallel. Spin-transfer torque (STT) analysis shows that STT magnitude is highest at 90$^\circ$ ($-702~\mu$eV/V for 1T and $-1561~\mu$eV/V for 2H devices) and decreases towards 180$^\circ$. The 1T-device shows superior performance with lower Gilbert damping, reduced critical current density and voltage for magnetization switching, compared to the 2H-device, which requires significantly higher current and voltage. These findings underscore the potential of 1T-VSe$_2$-based heterostructures for advanced spintronic applications.
Systematic Development of PPY/GO/ZnO Hybrid Composite for Electrochemical Detection of Pb2+ in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Singh Goverdhan , Gupta Nisha , Kumar Anil , Prasher Parteek , Mudila Harish 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The accumulation of heavy metals in water sources at levels exceeding acceptable limits poses a serious risk to human health and the environment. Various electrochemical methods and electroactive materials have been employed to identify and measure these metal ions. However effective, low-cost, sensitive, stability, with low detection limit and high reproducibility, is the major requirement of such sensing materials. In this regard, an enhanced hybrid ternary composite PGT based on polypyrrole, GO, and ZnO (PPY/GO/ZnO) has been fabricated and is reportedly being used for the first time to identify lead (Pb2+) ions at the trace level in aqueous solutions. The ternary composite was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to study its structural, morphological, and thermal properties. The electrochemical response of the composite material was analyzed using Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in potassium ferricyanide as a redox probe. The sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility of the PGT were studied via the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) technique. The electrode material shows a good linear response (R2 = ~ 0.98) with a limit of detection of 0.05 µM for Pb2+ ions within the concentration range of 0.3 to 3 µM. The reproducibility RSD (1.089%), stability RSD (3.67%), and interference of the working electrode in the presence of other metal ions (Cd2+ and Cu2+) show a good response. These results represent the possibilities of employing the PGT electrode to effectively detect other heavy metal ions from aqueous sources.
Factors influencing the incidence of early gastric cancer: A Bayesian Network analysis
Authors: Li Ruiyu , Yang Taiming , Dong Zi , Gao Yin , Li Nan , Song Ting , Sun Jinshu , Chen Ying 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aims to establish a Bayesian network risk prediction model for gastric cancer using data mining methods. It explores both direct and indirect factors influencing the incidence of gastric cancer and reveals the interrelationships among these factors.
Methods
Data were collected from early cancer screenings conducted at the People's Hospital of Lincang between 2022 and 2023. A Lasso regression model was utilized for preliminary variable selection, and the Bayesian network model was constructed using R software. The network structure analysis was visualized with Netica software, followed by inference and evaluation of the model.
Results
The incidence rate of gastric cancer in this region high-risk population was determined to be 7.09%. The Lasso regression model identified several risk factors for gastric cancer, including ethnicity, upper gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, acid reflux, vomiting), alcohol consumption, severe gastric intestinal metaplasia, and a family history of upper gastrointestinal cancers. A total of seven risk factors were incorporated into the Bayesian network model, resulting in a network structure consisting of eight nodes and twelve edges. The area under the curve (AUC) for the network model was found to be 0.615.
Conclusion
The Bayesian network model provides an intuitive framework for understanding the direct and indirect factors contributing to the early onset of gastric cancer, elucidating the interrelationships among these factors. Furthermore, the model demonstrates satisfactory predictive performance, which may facilitate the early detection of gastric cancer and enhance the levels of early diagnosis and treatment among high-risk populations.
Isoform-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the transcriptional panorama of adult Baoshan pig testis cells
Authors: Lin Wan , zhang Xia , Liu Zhipeng , Huo Hailong , Chang Yongcheng , Zhao Jiading , Gong Shaorong , Zhao Guiying , Huo Jinlong Huo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The testis is the primary organ of the male reproductive system, responsible for sperm production and androgen secretion. Given the complexity of spermatogenesis, understanding cellular heterogeneity and gene expression in the pig testis is essential. However, the cellular composition of the pig testis remains poorly understood. Here, we employed both long-read and short-read single-cell RNA sequencing on Baoshan pig testis to uncover gene expression patterns and cellular diversity.
Results
We meticulously discerned mature testicular architecture and an orderly progression of spermatogenesis, identifying 11,520 single cells, 23,402 genes, six stages of spermatogenesis, including Spermatogonia (SPG), early-stage primary Spermatocytes (Early SPC), late-stage Spermatocytes (Late SPC), Round Spermatids (RS), Elongating/elongated Spermatids (ES), and culminating in spermatozoa (Sperm), and nine distinct cell types, including sertoli cells, macrophages, peritubular myoid cells, spermatogonia, early and late spermatocytes, round and elongated spermatids, and spermatozoa, unveiling cellular heterogeneity and dynamics of spermatogenesis. We obtained the dynamic expression changes of 16 vital marker genes during spermatogenesis. Functional analysis revealed that germ cells at various stages were involved in specific biological processes, while cell communication networks highlighted eight pivotal signaling pathways, including MIF, NRG, WNT, VEGF, BMP, CCL, PARs, and ENHO pathways. Long-read sequencing further captured the full integrity and diversity of RNA transcripts, identifying 60% of the novel annotated isoforms and revealing that FSM isoforms exhibited longer transcript lengths, longer coding sequences, longer open reading frames, and a great number of exons, suggesting the complexity of isoforms within the testicular microenvironment.
Conclusions
Our results provide insight into the cellular heterogeneity, intercellular communication, and gene expression/transcript diversity in porcine testes, and offer a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms of porcine spermatogenesis.
The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Physical Activity, Fatigue, and Sleep Quality among Rural Health Science Students
Authors: ERGÖNÜL Esin , KESKİN Tahir , ERGAN Mesut , BAŞKURT Ferdi , BAŞKURT Zeliha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity levels, fatigue, and sleep quality among Health Sciences students in a rural Mediterranean area. Prior research indicates that smartphone addiction is prevalent among young adults and can negatively impact physical and mental health. However, its effects on students in rural regions are underexplored. This study aims to provide comprehensive data on how rural students may be susceptible to smartphone addiction and its potential adverse effects. A total of 322 students participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed questionnaires assessing socio-demographic variables, smartphone addiction, fatigue, physical activity, and sleep quality. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Spearman correlation analyses with SPSS 20.0 software. The findings revealed that 43.5% of the students were classified as smartphone addicted. The mean score for smartphone addiction was 30.28 (11.12), with female students scoring higher than males. No significant correlation was found between smartphone addiction and physical activity or sleep quality. However, levels of behavioral, sensory, and cognitive fatigue were significantly higher in the smartphone-addicted group. Furthermore, increased smartphone dependence was associated with elevated levels of all fatigue domains. The study concludes that smartphone addiction is prevalent among Health Sciences students, particularly among females, who may have a greater need for social interaction and emotional support. Addiction exacerbates fatigue but does not significantly impact physical activity or sleep quality. The higher addiction rates among female students might be attributed to their increased need for social connectivity and emotional sustenance. The constant notifications and interruptions from smartphone use can lead to attention fragmentation and cognitive fatigue. The findings indicate a clear need for focused attention on managing smartphone use and addressing fatigue to mitigate the negative impact of this behavior on students' well-being.
OLTunes: Online learning-based Auto-tuning System for DL Inference in Heterogeneous GPU Cluster
Authors: Kim Seoyoung , Ha Jiwon , Kim Yoonhee 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

With rapid AI advancements, GPU accelerator technology is also evolving, increasing heterogeneous computing nodes in datacenters. This requires schedulers to recognize and optimally manage diverse resources to meet application needs dynamically. For latency-sensitive tasks like deep learning inference, lack of precise GPU scheduling leads to resource interference, degrading both application performance and overall GPU utilization. The rise of NLP and LLMs has intensified focus on models that balance throughput and latency, but dynamic loads on specific resources can degrade performance through head-of-line blocking. Thus, proactive resource management is essential for reducing costs while ensuring QoS and maintaining energy efficiency.This paper introduces OLTunes, a cluster-level scheduling system for deep learning inference models, which combines streaming and batch methods to efficiently handle online and offline models. Leveraging FM-FTML, an online learning technique, OLTunes optimizes runtime environments and resource selection to meet user SLA via prediction and optimization. It forms co-running groups based on job characteristics and model variants to reduce interference, ensuring complementary affinities between tasks. OLTunes also automatically tunes resources and settings to enhance performance and reduce resource fragmentation. Performance experiments on a heterogeneous GPU cluster showed an average GPU utilization improvement of 58%, reduced P99 tail latency by up to 49%, and increased throughput by 61%. It also achieved approximately 84.6% energy savings with a maximum accuracy loss of 4% and reduced latency-sensitive SLO violations by up to 92% compared to other baselines, ensuring end-to-end QoS.
Spatial epidemiology of Tabanus (Diptera: Tabanidae) vectors of Trypanosoma
Authors: Marques Roberta , Jiménez-García Daniel , Escobar Luis Ernesto , Krolow Tiago Kütter , Krüger Rodrigo Ferreira 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Trypanosoma are protozoa parasites that infect animals and can cause economic losses in cattle production. Trypanosoma live in the blood and are transmitted by hematophagous insects, such as flies in the genus Tabanus. Using ecological niche models, we explored the current geography of six common Tabanus species in Brazil, which are considered vectors of Trypanosoma vivax and Tr. evansi in the Neotropics.
Methods
We used georeferenced data, and biotic and abiotic variables integrated using a fundamental ecological niche modeling approach. Modeling results from six Tabanus species were used to identify risk areas of Trypanosoma transmission in Latin America accounting for area predicted, landscape conditions, and density of livestock. We performed Jaccard, Schoener, and Hellinger metrics to indicate the ecological niche similarities of pairs of Tabanus species to identify known and likely vectors overlapping in distribution across geographies.
Results
Our results revealed significant ecological niche similarities for two Tabanus species (T. pungens and T. sorbillans), whereas T. triangulum and T. importunus have low ecological similarity. Ecological niche models predicted risk of Trypanosoma transmission across Neotropical countries, with the highest risk in southern South America, Venezuela, and central Mexico.
Conclusions
More than 1.6 billion cattle and 38 million horses are under a threat category for infection risk. Furthermore, we identified specific areas and livestock populations at high risk of trypanosomiasis in Latin America. This study reveals the areas, landscapes, and populations at risk of Trypanosoma infections in livestock in the Americas.
Effects of fucoidan and quercetin on the innate immunity and disease resistant of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Jin Qingri , Ji Xinyu , Wei Xiali , Gong Jing , Zhu Fei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) acts as a dangerous pathogen which threat the farming of crustaceans. The feed additive combination of 30 mg/kg fucoidan and 40 mg/kg quercetin (fucoidan + quercetin) significantly improved the survival of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) after infection with WSSV. This study aims to investigate the effect of diet supplemented fucoidan and quercetin on the innate immunity and disease resistance of crayfish by studying the apoptosis of hemocytes, crayfish mortality rate and related immune parameters. The results showed that the survival rate of crayfish treated by fucoidan + quercetin was more than 40%, which was significantly improved compared with that of other groups. The fucoidan + quercetin enhanced the total hemocyte counts in crayfish with or without WSSV infection. The data of apoptosis presented that the combined diet of fucoidan and quercetin has a protective effect on the hemocytes of crayfish, and can reduce the apoptosis of hemocytes after WSSV infection. In addition, the combined diet of fucoidan and quercetin can affect the activities of various immune-related enzymes including SOD, PO, CAT, POD, LMZ and ACP, thus modulating the related immune processes. In conclusion, the combination of fucoidan and quercetin can regulate crayfish’s innate immunity and reduce mortality of crayfish after infection with WSSV.
Secure Cross-Chain Interactions: A Relay Chain Framework with Privacy and Auditability Solutions
Authors: Feng Libo , Wu Peng , Hu Kai , Yao Shaowen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Recent advancements in blockchain technology have heightened interest in enabling information transfer and value exchange across different blockchains. To tackle asset and data interoperability challenges, cross-chain technology has emerged, though it often risks transaction privacy leakage. This paper presents a relay chain-based cross-chain model that facilitates operations through the relay chain while storing generated information on-chain, ensuring traceability. A privacy protection scheme and a verifiable multi-node key-sharing method are proposed, employing cryptographic techniques to safeguard transaction privacy. In case of disputes, privacy information can be decrypted via the relay chain for auditability. The paper includes a detailed analysis and performance testing of the proposed solution, comparing it with other existing privacy-preserving relay chain solutions, and evaluates the delay performance of the key-sharing algorithm, showcasing its security and feasibility advantages.
Regulation of Gut Microbiota-Derived GABA: Impact of Intestinal pH, Osmolality, and Microbial Consumption
Authors: Pugin Benoit , Ye Kun , Plüss Serafina , Arnoldini Markus , Moresi Claudia , Mujezinovic Denisa , Cornejo Fabian , Lacroix Christophe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by the gut microbiota has garnered attention due to its potential role in the gut-brain axis. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing microbiota-derived GABA under physiologically relevant conditions remain unclear. Here, using the model GABA-producing gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, we identified intestinal environmental factors that modulate GABA production. We demonstrate that low pH and high osmolality promote GABA production by driving changes in the expression of the glutamate decarboxylase system. Notably, pH emerged as a critical factor for enhancing GABA production across diverse gut microbes. However, in complex microbial communities, such as the cecum of specific pathogen-free mice and an ex vivo human colon model, GABA levels did not increase under acidic conditions. This was partly due to GABA consumption by GABA-utilizing bacteria. Consistently, reducing cecal pH increased GABA levels in Oligo-MM12 mice, a gnotobiotic model lacking GABA-consuming strains. Our findings highlight the intricate balance between microbial GABA production, consumption, and environmental factors such as pH and osmolality.