bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An upfront immunomodulatory therapy protocol for pediatric opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome
Authors: Wilbur Colin , Yea Carmen , Licht Christoph , Irwin Meredith S. , Yeh E. Ann 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome (OMS) has historically involved corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for a duration of 6‐12 months or longer. This study evaluated whether a brief upfront immunomodulatory therapy protocol with rituximab reduces the duration of OMS therapy without adversely affecting OMS outcomes.ProcedureRetrospective chart review was performed for consecutive children diagnosed with OMS from 2006 to 2019 at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada). Children treated within 3 months of diagnosis with a treatment protocol involving pulse methylprednisolone (3‐5 days, followed by an oral steroid taper), IVIG and/or plasma exchange, and rituximab (protocol group, n = 7) were compared to a historical group treated primarily with prednisone and IVIG (n = 8).ResultsThe duration of corticosteroid treatment was shorter in the protocol (median 4.5 [range 3‐12] months) compared to that in the historical group (median 21.5 [range 6‐70] months, P = .005), and subjects in the protocol group received fewer cycles of IVIG (median 1 [range 0‐7] cycle vs 7 [range 1‐70] cycles, P = .01). The proportion of children with OMS relapse was similar between the protocol and historic groups (2/6 vs 5/8, P = .59). OMS symptom rating scales at 12‐month follow‐up were similar in the protocol group (median 2.5, range 0‐3) compared to that in the historical group (median 1, range 0‐7; P = .66).ConclusionsAn upfront immunomodulatory therapy protocol with rituximab permits reduction in the duration of corticosteroid and IVIG therapy without a detrimental effect on OMS outcomes. Future studies with longer follow‐up will have to determine whether neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes are improved by this approach.
Inkjet Printed Nanopatterned Aptamer‐Based Sensors for Improved Optical Detection of Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Díaz‐Amaya Susana , Zhao Min , Lin Li‐Kai , Ostos Carlos , Allebach Jan P. , Chiu George T.‐C. , Deering Amanda J. , Stanciu Lia A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe increasing incidence of infectious outbreaks from contaminated food and water supply continues imposing a global burden for food safety, creating a market demand for on‐site, disposable, easy‐to‐use, and cost‐efficient devices. Despite of the rapid growth of biosensors field and the generation of breakthrough technologies, more than 80% of the platforms developed at lab‐scale never will get to meet the market. This work aims to provide a cost‐efficient, reliable, and repeatable approach for the detection of foodborne pathogens in real samples. For the first time an optimized inkjet printing platform is proposed taking advantage of a carefully controlled nanopatterning of novel carboxyl‐functionalized aptameric ink on a nitrocellulose substrate for the highly efficient detection of E. coli O157:H7 (25 colony forming units (CFU) mL−1 in pure culture and 233 CFU mL−1 in ground beef) demonstrating the ability to control the variation within ±1 SD for at least 75% of the data collected even at very low concentrations. From the best of the knowledge this work reports the lowest limit of detection of the state of the art for paper‐based optical detection of E. coli O157:H7, with enough evidence (p > 0.05) to prove its high specificity at genus, species, strain, and serotype level.
3D Bioprinting: from Benches to Translational Applications
Authors: Heinrich Marcel Alexander , Liu Wanjun , Jimenez Andrea , Yang Jingzhou , Akpek Ali , Liu Xiao , Pi Qingmeng , Mu Xuan , Hu Ning , Schiffelers Raymond Michel , Prakash Jai , Xie Jingwei , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOver the last decades, the fabrication of 3D tissues has become commonplace in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, conventional 3D biofabrication techniques such as scaffolding, microengineering, and fiber and cell sheet engineering are limited in their capacity to fabricate complex tissue constructs with the required precision and controllability that is needed to replicate biologically relevant tissues. To this end, 3D bioprinting offers great versatility to fabricate biomimetic, volumetric tissues that are structurally and functionally relevant. It enables precise control of the composition, spatial distribution, and architecture of resulting constructs facilitating the recapitulation of the delicate shapes and structures of targeted organs and tissues. This Review systematically covers the history of bioprinting and the most recent advances in instrumentation and methods. It then focuses on the requirements for bioinks and cells to achieve optimal fabrication of biomimetic constructs. Next, emerging evolutions and future directions of bioprinting are discussed, such as freeform, high‐resolution, multimaterial, and 4D bioprinting. Finally, the translational potential of bioprinting and bioprinted tissues of various categories are presented and the Review is concluded by exemplifying commercially available bioprinting platforms.
Mesoporous Silica‐Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties
Authors: Bernardos Andrea , Piacenza Elena , Sancenón Félix , Hamidi Mehrdad , Maleki Aziz , Turner Raymond J. , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBacterial infections are the main cause of chronic infections and even mortality. In fact, due to extensive use of antibiotics and, then, emergence of antibiotic resistance, treatment of such infections by conventional antibiotics has become a major concern worldwide. One of the promising strategies to treat infection diseases is the use of nanomaterials. Among them, mesoporous silica materials (MSMs) have attracted burgeoning attention due to high surface area, tunable pore/particle size, and easy surface functionalization. This review discusses how one can exploit capacities of MSMs to design and fabricate multifunctional/controllable drug delivery systems (DDSs) to combat bacterial infections. At first, the emergency of bacterial and biofilm resistance toward conventional antimicrobials is described and then how nanoparticles exert their toxic effects upon pathogenic cells is discussed. Next, the main aspects of MSMs (e.g., physicochemical properties, multifunctionality, and biosafety) which one should consider in the design of MSM‐based DDSs against bacterial infections are introduced. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of all the papers published dealing with the use of MSMs for delivery of antibacterial chemicals (antimicrobial agents functionalized/adsorbed on mesoporous silica (MS), MS‐loaded with antimicrobial agents, gated MS‐loaded with antimicrobial agents, MS with metal‐based nanoparticles, and MS‐loaded with metal ions) is provided.
Ultrastable CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dot and Their Enhanced Amplified Spontaneous Emission by Surface Ligand Modification
Authors: Yan Dongdong , Shi Tongchao , Zang Zhigang , Zhou Tingwei , Liu Zhengzheng , Zhang Zeyu , Du Juan , Leng Yuxin , Tang Xiaosheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe poor stability and aggregation problem of CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) in air are great challenges for their future practical application. Herein, a simple and effective ligand‐modification strategy is proposed by introducing 2‐hexyldecanoic acid (DA) with two short branched chains to replace oleic acid (OA) with long chains during the synthesis process. These two short branched chains not only maintain their colloidal stability but also contribute to efficient radiative recombination. The calculations show that CsPbBr3 QDs with DA modification (CsPbBr3‐DA QDs) have larger binding energy than CsPbBr3 QDs with OA (CsPbBr3‐OA QDs), resulting in significantly enhanced stability. Due to the strong binding energy between DA ligands and QDs, CsPbBr3‐DA QDs exhibit no aggregation phenomenon even after stored in air for more than 70 d, and CsPbBr3‐DA QDs films can maintain 94.3% of initial PL intensity after 28 d, while in CsPbBr3‐OA QDs films occurs a rapid degradation of PL intensity. Besides, the enhanced amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) performance of CsPbBr3‐DA QDs films has been demonstrated under both one‐ and two‐photon laser excitation. The ASE threshold of CsPbBr3‐DA QDs films is reduced by more than 50% and their ASE photostability is also improved, in comparison to CsPbBr3‐OA QDs films.
Social relations: Building on Ludwig von Bertalanffy
Authors: Hofkirchner Wolfgang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLudwig von Bertalanffy did not leave us a legacy of a social systems theory. Nonetheless, reconstructing his general approach to systems provides us with several ideas on how to build a theory of social systems. The concept of social relations easily connects to Bertalanffy's concept of relations of organization. His way of thinking underlines that social relations, as any relations of organization, are unobservables that long for theoretical means of understanding. His conception of the world would assign social relations a special place in a hierarchy of processes internal to a social system—they represent the whole of the system that nonetheless emerges from the interaction of the actors as parts thereof. Last but not least, his world view would orient us towards an organization of social systems in which the dialectic of social relations and actors balances unity and diversity as an Ought. These three main ideas of Bertalanffy offer system theoretical pillars that can inspire current social theory.
Experimental investigation of seismic behavior of confined cavity walls retrofitted with reactive powder concrete overlays
Authors: Yang Kejia , Dai Tao , Li Wei , Huang Bin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBrick cavity wall structures are widely distributed in southeastern China; however, their integrity and seismic behavior are extremely poor. To solve this problem, a new technique is proposed to enhance the seismic behavior of brick cavity walls using steel fiber reactive powder concrete (SFRPC) overlays. Two unreinforced cavity walls and four cavity walls strengthened with SFRPC overlays (applied over the entire wall surface) were tested under cyclic loading. In this study, the damage and failure modes of the specimens were analyzed in terms of the load displacement curves; furthermore, a comparative investigation was performed considering the load capacity, ductility, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation capacity to demonstrate the merits of brick cavity walls strengthened with SFRPC overlays. The effect of strengthening using different thicknesses of reinforcement was investigated. In addition, damage analyses of the walls were performed based on the modified Park–Ang damage assessment model.
RNA regulatory processes in RNA virus biology
Authors: Cross Shaun T. , Michalski Daniel , Miller Megan R. , Wilusz Jeffrey 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNumerous post‐transcriptional RNA processes play a major role in regulating the quantity, quality and diversity of gene expression in the cell. These include RNA processing events such as capping, splicing, polyadenylation and modification, but also aspects such as RNA localization, decay, translation, and non‐coding RNA‐associated regulation. The interface between the transcripts of RNA viruses and the various RNA regulatory processes in the cell, therefore, has high potential to significantly impact virus gene expression, regulation, cytopathology and pathogenesis. Furthermore, understanding RNA biology from the perspective of an RNA virus can shed considerable light on the broad impact of these post‐transcriptional processes in cell biology. Thus the goal of this article is to provide an overview of the richness of cellular RNA biology and how RNA viruses use, usurp and/or avoid the associated machinery to impact the outcome of infection.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Circadian rhythms and proteomics: It's all about posttranslational modifications!
Authors: Mauvoisin Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe circadian clock is a molecular endogenous timekeeping system and allows organisms to adjust their physiology and behavior to the geophysical time. Organized hierarchically, the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, coordinates peripheral clocks, via direct, or indirect signals. In peripheral organs, such as the liver, the circadian clock coordinates gene expression, notably metabolic gene expression, from transcriptional to posttranslational level. The metabolism in return feeds back on the molecular circadian clock via posttranslational‐based mechanisms. During the last two decades, circadian gene expression studies have mostly been relying primarily on genomics or transcriptomics approaches and transcriptome analyses of multiple organs/tissues have revealed that the majority of protein‐coding genes display circadian rhythms in a tissue specific manner. More recently, new advances in mass spectrometry offered circadian proteomics new perspectives, that is, the possibilities of performing large scale proteomic studies at cellular and subcellular levels, but also at the posttranslational modification level. With important implications in metabolic health, cell signaling has been shown to be highly relevant to circadian rhythms. Moreover, comprehensive characterization studies of posttranslational modifications are emerging and as a result, cell signaling processes are expected to be more deeply characterized and understood in the coming years with the use of proteomics. This review summarizes the work studying diurnally rhythmic or circadian gene expression performed at the protein level. Based on the knowledge brought by circadian proteomics studies, this review will also discuss the role of posttranslational modification events as an important link between the molecular circadian clock and metabolic regulation.This article is categorized under:
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Proteomics Methods
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Thraxions: ultralight throat axions
Authors: Hebecker Arthur , Leonhardt Sascha , Moritz Jakob , Westphal Alexander 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We argue that a new type of extremely light axion is generically present in the type IIB part of the string theory landscape. Its mass is suppressed by the third power of the warp factor of a strongly warped region (Klebanov-Strassler throat), suggesting the name thraxion. Our observation is based on the generic presence of several throats sharing the same 2-cycle. This cycle shrinks to zero volume at the end of each throat. It is hence trivial in homology and the corresponding C2 axion is massive. However, the mass is warping-suppressed since, if one were to cut off the strongly warped regions, a proper 2-cycle would re-emerge. Since the kinetic term of the axion is dominated in the UV, an even stronger, quadratic mass suppression results. Moreover, if the axion is excited, the angular modes of the throats backreact. This gives our effective C2 axion a finite monodromy and flattens its potential even further. Eventually, the mass turns out to scale as the third power of the warp factor. We briefly discuss possible implications for phenomenology and potential violations of the Weak Gravity Conjecture for axions. Moreover we identify a mechanism for generating super-Planckian axionic field ranges which we call drifting monodromies. However, in the examples we consider, the potential oscillates on sub-Planckian distances in field space, preventing us from building a natural inflation model on the basis of this idea.
Rescue of premature aging defects in Cockayne syndrome stem cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene correction
Authors: Wang Si , Min Zheying , Ji Qianzhao , Geng Lingling , Su Yao , Liu Zunpeng , Hu Huifang , Wang Lixia , Zhang Weiqi , Suzuiki Keiichiro , Huang Yu , Zhang Puyao , Tang Tie-Shan , Qu Jing , Yu Yang , Liu Guang-Hui , Qiao Jie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by a variety of clinical features, including increased sensitivity to sunlight, progressive neurological abnormalities, and the appearance of premature aging. However, the pathogenesis of CS remains unclear due to the limitations of current disease models. Here, we generate integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts from a CS patient bearing mutations in CSB/ERCC6 gene and further derive isogenic gene-corrected CS-iPSCs (GC-iPSCs) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. CS-associated phenotypic defects are recapitulated in CS-iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs), both of which display increased susceptibility to DNA damage stress. Premature aging defects in CS-MSCs are rescued by the targeted correction of mutant ERCC6. We next map the transcriptomic landscapes in CS-iPSCs and GC-iPSCs and their somatic stem cell derivatives (MSCs and NSCs) in the absence or presence of ultraviolet (UV) and replicative stresses, revealing that defects in DNA repair account for CS pathologies. Moreover, we generate autologous GC-MSCs free of pathogenic mutation under a cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)-compliant condition, which hold potential for use as improved biomaterials for future stem cell replacement therapy for CS. Collectively, our models demonstrate novel disease features and molecular mechanisms and lay a foundation for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat CS.
Adherence to multidomain interventions for dementia prevention: Data from the FINGER and MAPT trials
Authors: Coley Nicola , Ngandu Tiia , Lehtisalo Jenni , Soininen Hilkka , Vellas Bruno , Richard Edo , Kivipelto Miia , Andrieu Sandrine ,   HATICE, FINGER, and MAPT/DSA groups
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionMultidomain interventions, targeting multiple risk factors simultaneously, could be effective dementia prevention strategies, but may be burdensome and not universally acceptable.MethodsWe studied adherence rates and predictors in the Finnish Geriatric Intervevntion Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability and Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial prevention trials, for all intervention components (separately and simultaneously). Finnish Geriatric Intervevntion Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability participants received a 2‐year multidomain lifestyle intervention (physical training, cognitive training, nutritional counseling, and cardiovascular monitoring). Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial participants received a 3‐year multidomain lifestyle intervention (cognitive training, physical activity counseling, and nutritional counseling) with either an omega‐3 supplement or placebo.ResultsAdherence decreased with increasing intervention complexity and intensity: it was highest for cardiovascular monitoring, nutritional counseling, and the omega‐3 supplement, and lowest for unsupervised computer‐based cognitive training. The most consistent baseline predictors of adherence were smoking and depressive symptoms.DiscussionReducing participant burden, while ensuring that technological tools are suitable for older individuals, maintaining face‐to‐face contacts, and taking into account participant characteristics may increase adherence in future trials.
Inflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease plasma
Authors: Morgan Angharad R. , Touchard Samuel , Leckey Claire , O'Hagan Caroline , Nevado‐Holgado Alejo J. ,   NIMA Consortium, Barkhof Frederik , Bertram Lars , Blin Olivier , Bos Isabelle , Dobricic Valerija , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Frisoni Giovanni , Frölich Lutz , Gabel Silvey , Johannsen Peter , Kettunen Petronella , Kłoszewska Iwona , Legido‐Quigley Cristina , Lleó Alberto , Martinez‐Lage Pablo , Mecocci Patrizia , Meersmans Karen , Molinuevo José Luis , Peyratout Gwendoline , Popp Julius , Richardson Jill , Sala Isabel , Scheltens Philip , Streffer Johannes , Soininen Hikka , Tainta‐Cuezva Mikel , Teunissen Charlotte , Tsolaki Magda , Vandenberghe Rik , Visser Pieter Jelle , Vos Stephanie , Wahlund Lars‐Olof , Wallin Anders , Westwood Sarah , Zetterberg Henrik , Lovestone Simon , Morgan B. Paul ,   Annex: NIMA–Wellcome Trust Consortium for Neuroimmunology of Mood Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionPlasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis/stratification are a “Holy Grail” of AD research and intensively sought; however, there are no well‐established plasma markers.MethodsA hypothesis‐led plasma biomarker search was conducted in the context of international multicenter studies. The discovery phase measured 53 inflammatory proteins in elderly control (CTL; 259), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; 199), and AD (262) subjects from AddNeuroMed.ResultsTen analytes showed significant intergroup differences. Logistic regression identified five (FB, FH, sCR1, MCP‐1, eotaxin‐1) that, age/APOε4 adjusted, optimally differentiated AD and CTL (AUC: 0.79), and three (sCR1, MCP‐1, eotaxin‐1) that optimally differentiated AD and MCI (AUC: 0.74). These models replicated in an independent cohort (EMIF; AUC 0.81 and 0.67). Two analytes (FB, FH) plus age predicted MCI progression to AD (AUC: 0.71).DiscussionPlasma markers of inflammation and complement dysregulation support diagnosis and outcome prediction in AD and MCI. Further replication is needed before clinical translation.
The response of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible biotypes of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) to mungbean interference
Authors: Mutti Navneet Kaur , Mahajan Gulshan , Jha Prashant , Chauhan Bhagirath S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlyphosate-resistant junglerice [Echinochloa colona(L.) Link] is a problematic weed in mungbean [Vigna radiata(L.) R. Wilczek] crops in Australia. Due to limited herbicide options in mungbean, there is an increased interest in developing integrated management strategies for the sustainable control ofE. colona. Pot experiments were conducted in a screenhouse in 2017 and 2018 by growingE. colonaplants (glyphosate-resistant [GR] and glyphosate-susceptible [GS] biotypes) alone (1 plant pot−1) and in competition with 4 and 8 mungbean plants pot−1. Both biotypes were developed from a single population using the clone method. The growth and seed production of both GR and GS biotypes were similar in response to mungbean competition. Averaged over biotypes, there was a reduction in the growth and seed production ofE. colonaas crop plants increased. Compared with the weed plants grown alone, crop interference reducedE. colonaheight by 17% to 19%, tiller numbers by 69% to 82%, total shoot biomass by 85% to 91%, and inflorescence numbers by 74% to 91%. WhenE. colonawas grown with 8 mungbean plants pot−1, leaf weight ratio increased by 42% compared with plants grown alone. Compared with weed plants grown alone, mungbean interference (4 and 8 plants pot−1) reduced weed seed production by 85% to 95%. These reductions were similar for both biotypes (GR and GS), suggesting that there was no fitness penalty associated with resistance. The results of this study suggest that mungbean interference can reduceE. colonagrowth and seed production, but it should not be considered as a stand-alone strategy to manageE. colonaand similar species in mungbean. These results also highlight the need for integrating crop competition with other management strategies to achieve complete and sustainable management of this weed.