bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Obstetric Fistula and Associated Factors in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh J. P. , Gupta S. D. , Khanna Anoop , Sharma Laxman Swaroop 
Published: April 2019

Context: Obstetric fistula is a serious obstetric and social morbidity among women. Reliable data on incidence and prevalence of obstetric fistula are not available. Aims: The present study attempted to measure the prevalence of obstetric fistula and evaluate factors associated with it. Settings and design: Study was conducted in Rajasthan, India. The cross-sectional data were used for estimation of prevalence of obstetric fistula, while the case comparison design was used to identify the risk factors associated with obstetric fistula. Methods and material: A cross-sectional population-based district level survey covered 41,448 ever married women of age group 15–49 years in 40,052 randomly selected households. Statistical analysis used: To explore association between various identified demographic, social, economic, service delivery and utilization variables and obstetric fistula, simple and multivariate logistic regression was performed. Results: The estimated prevalence of obstetric fistula was 4 per 1,000 women. About 85 per cent of the women with fistula were married below 18 years of age, and 48 per cent gave birth to the first child before 20 years of age. The risk of developing obstetric fistula was more than twice among women who experienced obstructed labour, the adjusted odds ratio being 2.21 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.12 −4.80). Conclusions: Obstructed labour was most prominent obstetric risk factor for obstetric fistula. The other risk factors were early marriage and early child birth. Ironically, obstetric fistula is preventable by improving quality of maternal care and effective emergency obstetric care. Education and communication can play an important role in postponement of early marriages and early child birth.
The value of prednisolone acetate provocative test before intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injections
Authors: Saady Aya Mohammed , Fouad Heba M , Abdullatif Abdussalam M , Helmy Youssef A H , Macky Tamer A , Mansour Khaled 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of a topical prednisolone acetate 1% provocative test for steroid-induced ocular hypertension before intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Methods: This is a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled study at Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University. Patients scheduled for intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide were enrolled and randomly allocated in a ratio 2:1 to either Group A: received prednisolone acetate provocative test and those who did not develop SIOH proceeded with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide or Group B: did not receive prednisolone acetate provocative test and proceeded directly to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Intraocular pressures were measured weekly for 4 weeks following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Steroid-induced ocular hypertension is defined as intraocular pressure increase of 5 mmHg or more from baseline after prednisolone acetate provocative test or intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Results: A total of 66 eyes (66 patients) were included. Of which, 10 eyes (23.8%) showed prednisolone acetate provocative test steroid-induced ocular hypertension during the 4-week period. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide steroid-induced ocular hypertension was less likely to develop in Group A (prednisolone acetate provocative test non-steroid-induced ocular hypertension, n = 32, 31.25%) than in group B (n = 24, 54.2%) (p = 0.006, odds ratio: 0.178, 95% CI: 0.53–0.596). Our test achieved a negative predictive value of 68.75%. Conclusion: The topical prednisolone acetate provocative test may be a useful method to predict a steroid-induced ocular hypertension following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.
Comparison of the effect of the right lateral tilt position and Trendelenburg position on the right internal jugular vein in healthy volunteers: A prospective observational study
Authors: Uluer Mehmet S , Sargin Mehmet , Başaran Betül 
Published: April 2019

Background: Central venous cannulation is an invasive procedure commonly used by many physicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the right lateral tilt position on the cross-sectional area and size of the right internal jugular vein, and the relationship between the right internal jugular vein and the carotid artery. Method: Forty healthy volunteers aged over 18 years were included in this prospective, observational study. The right internal jugular vein cross-sectional area and the anatomic relationship with the carotid artery were assessed using ultrasound imaging. This measurement was repeated for four positions (baseline position, 10° right tilt position, 10° Trendelenburg position, and 10° right tilt + 10° Trendelenburg position). The head was rotated 30° to the contralateral side in all patients. Results: The mean (standard deviation) right internal jugular vein cross-sectional area, transverse diameter, and anteroposterior diameter were significantly increased with the Trendelenburg position and 10° right tilt + 10° Trendelenburg position (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in right internal jugular vein cross-sectional area, transverse diameter, and anteroposterior diameter between the baseline position and 10° right tilt position (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We found that the right lateral tilt position had no effect on the internal jugular vein cross-sectional area and that the Trendelenburg position was still the most valid position for safely increasing the right internal jugular vein cross-sectional area.
The impact of telehealth care on health-related quality of life of patients with heart failure: Results from the Danish TeleCare North heart failure trial
Authors: Cichosz Simon L , Udsen Flemming W , Hejlesen Ole 
Published: April 2019

Aim The aim of this study was to assess the impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of a telehealth care solution compared with usual practice of patients with heart failure (HF). Methods A randomized controlled trial with a telehealth care solution (Telekit) as the intervention (with a focus on self-empowerment achieved by engaging patients in their own illness through self-monitoring) combined with usual care and usual care as the control. The primary outcome was a change in HRQoL as measured by the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire Physical Component Summary (PCS) score. Secondary outcomes were changes in HRQoL as measured by the SF-36 questionnaire Mental Component Summary (MSC) score and the HF disease-specific questionnaire Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire 12 (KCCQ12) score, all of which were assessed from baseline to approximately 12 months’ follow-up between the two groups. Outcomes were assessed via unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Results At baseline, 299 (145 interventions, 154 controls) patients were enrolled. In the primary analysis ( n = 299), the adjusted intervention effects were PCS –0.81 (95% CI −2.7–1.1), MCS 4.66 (95% CI 1.8–7.5) and KCCQ12 3.67 (95% CI −0.7–8.1). Only the change in MCS was statistically significant. An unadjusted analysis replicated the primary analysis. Complete case analyses ( n = 193) generally resulted in a lower intervention effect on the PCS score, but the difference remained statistically insignificant. Conclusions Only the MCS score was significantly higher in the telehealth care group compared to the control group. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02860013), July 28, 2016
Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk Analysis in Uninsured Mexican-Origin Women Living in the U.S.–Mexico Border Region
Authors: Salinas Jennifer J. , Roy Renet , Dwivedi Alok K. , Shokar Navkiran K. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: This article describes the risk of hereditary breast cancer (HBC) in low-income Hispanic women living on the U.S.–Mexico border using the Pedigree Assessment Tool (PAT). Method: The PAT was administered as part of the El Paso and Hudspeth County Breast Cancer Education, Screening and NavigaTion program (BEST). Baseline data ( n = 1,966) from this program was used to analyze risk factors for HBC. Analysis was conducted to determine significant covariates associated with the presence of any PAT risk factors. Results: The PAT identified 17% (95% CI [15%, 19%]) of the women in the study as having some risk of HBC. Having had a mammogram within 3 years was significantly associated with having any PAT risk factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, p = .006). Women who immigrated to the United States during childbearing age (OR = 0.610, p = .009) or during peri/menopause (OR = 0.637, p = .024) were significantly less likely to have any PAT risk factors. Discussion: The PAT instrument detected a substantial pool of women who may be at risk for HBC. A significant proportion of these women were not up to date mammogram. Conclusions: The PAT is an effective tool to identify women at risk for HBC and encourage regular screening.
Early revision in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in osteoarthritis: a cross-registry comparison
Authors: Dillon Mark T , Page Richard S , Graves Stephen E , Lorimer Michelle F , Prentice Heather A , Harris Jessica E , Paxton Elizabeth W , Navarro Ronald A 
Published: April 2019

Background We evaluated anatomic total shoulders undergoing early revision (less than two years) in the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) and the Kaiser Permanente Shoulder Arthroplasty Registry (KPSAR). Methods A cross-sectional comparison of both registries was performed between the years of 2009 and 2012. Only patients who underwent anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis were included. Aggregate-level data of patients undergoing early revisions done within two years of index arthroplasty were evaluated, and descriptive analysis was conducted. Results During the study period, 4614 patients were identified in the AOANJRR compared to 2036 in the KPSAR. Rotator cuff pathology, component loosening, and prosthetic instability were among the most common reasons for revision in both registries. A higher rate of revision in the AOANJRR was found to be secondary to the failure of one specific prosthesis, which has since been discontinued Discussion Comparing reasons for early revision in total shoulder arthroplasty revealed several similarities between the AOANJRR and KPSAR. Differences were also noted, and this study served to highlight the importance prosthesis selection can play in determining outcomes. Cooperation among registries may allow for earlier identification of risk factors for failure in shoulder arthroplasty.
The impact of histopathological analysis of anterior peri-prostatic fat in radical prostatectomy patients
Authors: Filby Joseph , Nesbitt Alexander L , Ravichandran Kapilan , Antoniou Stefan , Smith Philip G , Evans Garrath A , Shepherd Benjamin , Pridgeon Simon W 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To determine the usefulness of histopathological analysis of peri-prostatic fat in a cohort of prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) in an Australian regional centre. During RP, removal of the anterior peri-prostatic fat (APPF) is commonly undertaken; some surgeons routinely request histopathological analysis of this specimen. Previously published data show positive cancer detection in peri-prostatic fat in 0–2.5% of specimens and positive yields are mostly detected in patients with adverse pathological features. Subjects and methods: All patients undergoing RP in a regional urology unit in Queensland were identified. Pathology results were examined retrospectively to determine the rate of cancer involvement in APPF specimens and medical records were reviewed to assess any clinical impact. Results: APPF was sent for pathological analysis in 270/298 (90%) of patients undergoing RP. Prostate cancer was detected in one sample containing a single involved lymph node in a patient with Gleason 5 + 4 = 9 prostate cancer and pathological stage pT3bN1R1Mx. The presence of the cancer in the APPF did not affect the decision to offer adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: In our population, we have identified a positive cancer yield of 0.3% in APPF specimens. When combined with all previously published series, we found positive cancer detection in 72/7391 (1%) specimens, and most patients with positive fat involvement had adverse pre-operative and final pathological features. Surgeons may consider omitting sending APPF specimens for analysis based on the low yield with little additional staging information. If surgeons continue this practice, they should consider selectively requesting analysis in intermediate- and high-risk patients. Level of evidence: 2b
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Practical Usefulness
Authors: Blackorby Barton L. , Smith Bradley T. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to highlight the practical usefulness of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the management of a spectrum of retinal diseases and support it as a reimbursable diagnostic tool by third-party payers. Methods: Case presentations are discussed. Results: Noninvasive OCTA provides information to guide clinical decision making, prognosis, and treatment response across a wide variety of retinal disorders. Conclusions: OCTA is able to detect ischemic and neovascular processes in numerous retinal diseases and is valuable for diagnosis and treatment. OCTA is able to meet all the criteria required for reimbursement of a new diagnostic test and should be considered by payers as a necessary test when indicated.
Preclinical development of CD37CAR T-cell therapy for treatment of B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Köksal Hakan , Dillard Pierre , Josefsson Sarah E. , Maggadottir Solrun Melkorka , Pollmann Sylvie , Fåne Anne , Blaker Yngvild Nuvin , Beiske Klaus , Huse Kanutte , Kolstad Arne , Holte Harald , Kvalheim Gunnar , Smeland Erlend B. , Myklebust June H. , Inderberg Else Marit , Wälchli Sébastien 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
T cells modified to express chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD19 (CD19CAR) have produced remarkable clinical responses in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. CD19CAR T-cell therapy has also demonstrated prominent effects in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) patients. However, a subset of patients who relapse after CD19CAR T-cell therapy have outgrowth of CD19− tumor cells. Hence, development of alternative CARs targeting other B-cell markers represents an unmet medical need for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-NHL. Here, we confirmed previous data by showing that, overall, B-NHL has high expression of CD37. A second-generation CD37CAR was designed, and its efficacy in T cells was compared with that of CD19CAR. In vitro assessment of cytotoxicity and T-cell function upon coculture of the CAR T cells with different target B-cell lymphoma cell lines demonstrated comparable efficacy between the 2 CARs. In an aggressive B-cell lymphoma xenograft model, CD37CAR T cells were as potent as CD19CAR T cells in controlling tumor growth. In a second xenograft model, using U2932 lymphoma cells containing a CD19− subpopulation, CD37CAR T cells efficiently controlled tumor growth and prolonged survival, whereas CD19CAR T cells had limited effect. We further show that, unlike CD19CAR, CD37CAR was not sensitive to antigen masking. Finally, CD37CAR reactivity was restricted to B-lineage cells. Collectively, our results demonstrated that CD37CAR T cells also can effectively eradicate B-cell lymphoma tumors when CD19 antigen expression is lost and support further clinical testing for patients with relapsed/refractory B-NHL.
Evaluating the retention of skills in postgraduate physician students following a theoretical-practical course in Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support
Authors: Holguín Carvajal Juan Pablo , Robalino Guerrero Rodrigo Alejandro , Salgado Castillo Carla Marina , Buitrón Andrade Luis René , Zamora Rosero Carla Patricia , Salgado Castillo María Fernanda 
Published: April 2019

Background: For every minute CPR is delayed, the probability of survival decreases by up to 10%. For this reason, guidelines recommend routine CPR training for health care providers to improve their performance and patient results. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the retention capacity of postgraduate students of Critical Areas of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador following a theoretical-practical course in Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS). Methods: A total of 140 students were recruited and divided into three groups according to studied subject: Emergency Medicine and Disasters, Anesthesiology, and Critical Medicine. A theoretical-practical course was carried out, and theoretical and practical skills were assessed immediately and subsequently one month after ACLS training. For statistical analysis, measures of central tendency, one-way ANOVA, T-test and ANCOVA were used. Results: Scores for the immediate theoretical exam were 58.6% immediately after the intervention vs 40% 30 days after the intervention; in the immediate practical exam this was 77% vs 35.7%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the three groups for the initial practical examination; however, for the evaluation 30 days after training a significant difference was found between Anesthesiology and the other two postgraduate studies. Conclusions: Knowledge and practical skills in ACLS of postgraduate physicians of Critical Areas deteriorate 30 days after training, especially in practical skills compared with theoretical knowledge. The results of this research indicate that it is necessary to carry out update courses more frequently, in order to keep knowledge and skills at a level that guarantees adequate care to the patient to reduce potential risk of death or disability.
Changes of tissue images visualised by ultrasonography in the process of pressure ulcer occurrence
Authors: Kitamura Aya , Yoshimura Mine , Nakagami Gojiro , Yabunaka Koichi , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: April 2019

Objective: Ultrasonography is suitable for assessing pressure ulcers, and several features of ultrasonographic images that indicate abnormalities have been reported. However, no study has compared ultrasonographic images between normal and pressure-loaded skin and subcutaneous tissue from the same patients. This study aimed to assess lateral thoracic tissue using ultrasonography for both pre- and postoperative conditions and investigate changes in the tissue caused by loading. Surgeries were performed with patients in the park-bench position. Method: A nursing researcher obtained ultrasonographic images of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower thoracic region in areas in contact with the surgical table one or two days before and after surgery. This study focused on three groups of two patients who had a category I pressure ulcer (PU), blanchable erythema, or normal skin on their lateral thoracic region. Results: A total of six patients participated. Postoperatively, muscle layers became thinner and less clear compared with pre-operative conditions in patients with the Category I pressure ulcers. These patients complained of significant pain in the areas of their pressure ulcers. Conclusion: Thickness of muscle layers could be an early sign of deep tissue injury.
Tooth Autotransplantation Part 1: uses, indications and factors affecting success
Authors: Monteiro Joana , Barber Sophy , Jawad Zynab , Duggal Monty , Houghton Nadine 
Published: April 2019

Management of severe traumatic injuries and complex dental anomalies in children requires a holistic approach with planning for both short- and long-term eventualities. The goal is to provide biological treatment that maximizes the long-term dental health, appearance and function. Tooth autotransplantation is one potential solution for tooth replacement that is able to fulfil these aims. This series of four articles provides an overview of autotransplantation, including a description of the biological basis for the technique and factors affecting success. It will also provide an outline of the indications and the procedures involved for performing autotransplantation, including the interdisciplinary approach to treatment planning and management. This first article discusses the history of tooth transplantation, indications and the factors that can influence outcome. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontists should be aware that tooth autotransplantation is a highly versatile technique with good success rates if used in favourable cases. This method should be considered part of the armamentarium for tooth replacement in a growing child.
Decision Making and Communication About Child Spacing Among Somali Couples in Minnesota
Authors: Cox Carie Muntifering , Ahmed Fathi , Mitchell Ashley , Ganey Abdillahi , Kahin Adar , Kahin Abdillahi 
Published: April 2019

CONTEXTSince civil unrest broke out in Somalia in the 1990s, large numbers of Somalis have immigrated to Western countries, including the United States. It is unknown whether these immigrants maintain their cultural norms of low contraceptive use and high fertility when they live in settings with different norms.METHODSIn 2016, interviews were conducted in Minnesota with Somali immigrants and refugees to explore couple communication and decision making regarding child spacing. Nineteen married men and women aged 25–51 were interviewed. After a coding scheme was developed, key themes were identified and examined by participants’ sex, number of children and age of arrival in the United States.RESULTSMost participants discussed child spacing with their spouse and had positive or neutral experiences. Some participants, especially those with multiple children, stated that living in their new country had influenced their fertility desires. Only those who had arrived after the age of 20 mentioned that experiencing closely spaced births had motivated them to discuss child spacing. Participants emphasized the importance of information sharing, compromise and joint decision making with their spouse. Priority for child‐spacing decision making was granted to women, largely because of their primary role in childbirth. Men who had arrived in the United States before turning 20 were more definitive about giving women decision‐making priority.CONCLUSIONSThese findings provide insight into how Somali immigrant and refugee couples communicate and make decisions about child spacing, and may be helpful in informing the development of culturally specific reproductive health programs.
Kepala Negara Perempuan Dalam Perspektif Hadis
Authors: Najib Agus Moh. 
Published: April 2019

The classical ulama agreed that women are not allowed to be the head ofa state. This view was based on, among others, the context when they lived. Besides, there was an often quoted hadith stating that it was forbidden for the Muslim community to choose women as their head of state. This is of course a discriminative view, 'especially when is considered in light of current socio-political circumstances. This article is an initial attempt to scrutinize this very hadith both from its chain of transmission and from its content. There are two approaches developed by the ulama in understanding hadith texts: some tended to explore the generality of the hadith texts, and some tended to analyze the context within which the texts were written