bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically triggered dual-band tunable terahertz metamaterial band-pass filter based on Si3N4–VO2–Si3N4 sandwich*
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Hu Fangrong , Xu Xinlong , Jiang Mingzhu , Zhang Wentao , Yin Shan , Jiang Wenying 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate an electrically triggered terahertz (THz) dual-band tunable band-pass filter based on Si3N4–VO2–Si3N4 sandwich-structured hybrid metamaterials. The insulator–metal phase transition of VO2 film is induced by the Joule thermal effect of the top metal layer. The finite-integration-time-domain (FITD) method and finite element method (FEM) are used for numerical simulations. The sample is fabricated using a surface micromachining process, and characterized by a THz time-domain-spectrometer (TDS). When the bias current is 0.225 A, the intensity modulation depths at two central frequencies of 0.56 THz and 0.91 THz are about 81.7% and 81.3%, respectively. This novel design can achieve dynamically electric–thermo–optic modulation in the THz region, and has potential applications in the fields of THz communications, imaging, sensing, and astronomy exploration.
A novel multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler*
Authors: Shao Han-Bo , He Huan , Chen Yan , Chen Guo-Ping 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A novel multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler is proposed. The multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler is composed of steel structures and silicone membranes. With suitable construction, the Helmholtz muffler can be designed to exhibit negative mass density in low frequency, and the muffling frequency can be adjusted when we change the internal structure of the cavity, which will be very attractive for noise control. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the membranes and the cavities on noise reduction characteristics with theoretical calculations and simulations. The results show that the numbers of membranes and the volumes of the cavities can have a great effect on the position of the muffling frequency. The number of cavities can have a great effect on the width of the muffling frequency (reduce the noise by 10 dB). With different combinations of the membranes and cavities, we can get different muffling frequencies, which can meet different muffling demands in practical applications and is more flexible than the traditional Helmholtz cavity.
Direct numerical simulation on relevance of fluctuating velocities and drag reduction in turbulent channel flow with spanwise space-dependent electromagnetic force*
Authors: Jiang Dai-Wen , Zhang Hui , Fan Bao-Chun , Wang An-Hua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Based on the Fourier–Chebyshev spectral method, the control of turbulent channel flow by space-dependent electromagnetic force and the mechanism of drag reduction are investigated with direct numerical simulation (DNS) methods for different Reynolds numbers. A formula is derived to express the relation between fluctuating velocities and the friction drag coefficient. With the application of electromagnetic force, the in-depth relations among the fluctuating velocities near the wall, Reynolds stress, and the effect of drag reduction for different Reynolds numbers are discussed. The results indicate that the maximum drag reductions can be obtained with an optimal combination of parameters for each case of different Reynolds numbers. The fluctuating velocities along the streamwise and normal directions are suppressed significantly, while the fluctuating velocity along the spanwise direction is enhanced dramatically due to the spanwise electromagnetic force. However, the values of Reynolds stress depend on the fluctuating velocities along the streamwise and normal directions rather than that along the spanwise direction. Therefore, the significant effect of drag reduction is obtained. Moreover, the maximum drag reduction is weakened due to the decay of control effect for fluctuating velocities as the Reynolds number increases.
A revised jump-diffusion and rotation-diffusion model
Authors: Li Hua , Chen Yu-Hang , Tang Bin-Ze 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) has many applications that are directly related to the development of high-performance functional materials and biological macromolecules, especially those containing some water. The analysis method of QENS spectra data is important to obtain parameters that can explain the structure of materials and the dynamics of water. In this paper, we present a revised jump-diffusion and rotation-diffusion model (rJRM) used for QENS spectra data analysis. By the rJRM, the QENS spectra from a pure magnesium-silicate-hydrate (MSH) sample are fitted well for the Q range from 0.3 Å−1 to 1.9 Å−1 and temperatures from 210 K up to 280 K. The fitted parameters can be divided into two kinds. The first kind describes the structure of the MSH sample, including the ratio of immobile water (or bound water) C and the confining radius of mobile water a
0. The second kind describes the dynamics of confined water in pores contained in the MSH sample, including the translational diffusion coefficient D
t, the average translational residence time τ
0, the rotational diffusion coefficient D
r, and the mean squared displacement (MSD)

〈

u

2

〉

. The rJRM is a new practical method suitable to fit QENS spectra from porous materials, where hydrogen atoms appear in both solid and liquid phases.
Studying the charge carrier properties in CuInS2 films via femtosecond transient absorption and nanosecond transient photocurrents*
Authors: Tan Mingrui , Liu Qinghui , Sui Ning , Kang Zhihui , Zhang Liquan , Zhang Hanzhuang , Wang Wenquan , Zhou Qiang , Wang Yinghui 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The carrier behavior in CuInS2 thin films at femtosecond and microsecond time scales is discussed in detail. Transient absorption data suggests that the photo-generated carriers relax rapidly accompanied by a change in energy. The photo-generated charge carriers are extracted by a bias electric field E in the nanosecond transient photocurrent system. An applied E improves the efficiency of photon conversion to charge carriers and enhances the velocity of the extracted charge carriers. In addition, there exists a threshold of illumination intensity in the extraction process of charge carriers in the CuInS2 thin film, above which carrier recombination occurs. The corresponding loss further increases with illumination intensity and the recombination rate is almost independent of E. Our results provide useful insights into the characteristics of carriers in the CuInS2 thin film and are important for the operation of optoelectronic devices realized with these films.
Low-temperature growth of large-scale, single-crystalline graphene on Ir(111)*
Authors: Guo Hui , Chen Hui , Que Yande , Zheng Qi , Zhang Yu-Yang , Bao Li-Hong , Huang Li , Wang Ye-Liang , Du Shi-Xuan , Gao Hong-Jun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Iridium is a promising substrate for self-limiting growth of graphene. However, single-crystalline graphene can only be fabricated over 1120 K. The weak interaction between graphene and Ir makes it challenging to grow graphene with a single orientation at a relatively low temperature. Here, we report the growth of large-scale, single-crystalline graphene on Ir(111) substrate at a temperature as low as 800 K using an oxygen-etching assisted epitaxial growth method. We firstly grow polycrystalline graphene on Ir. The subsequent exposure of oxygen leads to etching of the misaligned domains. Additional growth cycle, in which the leftover aligned domain serves as a nucleation center, results in a large-scale and single-crystalline graphene layer on Ir(111). Low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy experiments confirm the successful growth of large-scale and single-crystalline graphene. In addition, the fabricated single-crystalline graphene is transferred onto a SiO2/Si substrate. Transport measurements on the transferred graphene show a carrier mobility of about

3300

cm

2

·

V

−
1

·

s

−
1

. This work provides a way for the synthesis of large-scale, high-quality graphene on weak-coupled metal substrates.
Variational and diffusion Monte Carlo simulations of a hydrogen molecular ion in a spherical box*
Authors: Xiao Xuehui , Bao Kuo , Wang Youchun , Xie Hui , Duan Defang , Tian Fubo , Cui Tian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The variational and diffusion Monte Carlo approaches are used to study the ground-state properties of a hydrogen molecular ion in a spheroidal box. In this work, we successfully treat the zero-point motion of protons in the same formalism with as of electrons and avoid the Born–Oppenheimer approximation in density function theory. The study shows that the total energy increases with the decrease in volume, and that the distance between protons decreases as the pressure increases. Considering the motion of protons, the kinetic energy of the electron is higher than that of the fixed model under the same conditions and increases by 5%. The kinetic energy of the proton is found to be small under high pressure, which is only a fraction of the kinetic energy of the electron.
Effects of chemical pressure on diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)2As2*
Authors: Peng Y , Yu S , Zhao G Q , Li W M , Zhao J F , Cao L P , Wang X C , Liu Q Q , Zhang S J , Yu R Z , Deng Z , Zhu X H , Jin C Q 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chemical pressure induced by iso-valent doping has been widely employed to tune physical properties of materials. In this work, we report effects of chemical pressure by substitution of Sb or P into As on a recently discovered diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)2As2, which has the record of reliable Curie temperature of 230 K due to independent charge and spin doping. Sb and P are substituted into As-site to produce negative and positive chemical pressures, respectively. X-ray diffraction results demonstrate the successful chemical solution of dopants. Magnetic properties of both K-under-doped and K-optimal-doped samples are effectively tuned by Sb- and P-doping. The Hall effect measurements do not show decrease in carrier concentrations upon Sb- and P-doping. Impressively, magnetoresistance is significantly improved from 7% to 27% by only 10% P-doping, successfully extending potential application of (Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)2As2.
A 3-Dimensional Quantitative Analysis of Volume Loss Following Submental Cryolipolysis
Authors: Jain Mohit , Savage Nicholas E , Spiteri Kelly , Snell Broughton J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Cryolipolysis is a proven and effective means of fat reduction; however, there are no standardized means of measuring volume reduction.

Objectives
We aim to assess the volume loss using a 3-dimensional (3D) analysis following submental cryolipolysis.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study between April 2016 and August 2018 was performed. Thirty-five patients underwent a single 45-minute cycle of cryolipolysis to the submental region using the CoolSculpting System. A 3-fold analysis was performed employing an independent observer assessment of 2-dimensional photographs and 3D volumetric analysis utilizing the Vectra XT system, and patient satisfaction was measured with the FACE-Q questionnaire.

Results
Our results suggested the mean (standard deviation) pretreatment volume (n = 35) was 104.12 cm3 (28.78). The 6-week mean posttreatment volume (n = 26) was 81.55 cm3 (21.29). The mean volume reduction found at 6 weeks posttreatment showed a reduction of 22.46 cm3 (19.10) (95% CI 14.74 to 30.17, P &lt; 0.0001). The 12-week mean posttreatment volume (n = 24) was 82.24 cm3 (23.97). The 12-week posttreatment demonstrated a reduction of 22.30 cm3 (14.04) (95% CI 16.37 to 28.23, P &lt; 0.0001). The mean percentage correct for each reviewer correctly identifying the pretreatment and posttreatment photograph was 76.33% (7.14). Patient satisfaction showed a mean FACE-Q score of 54.10 (20.41).

Conclusions
The study further affirms that submental cryolipolysis is an efficacious and safe, noninvasive method for reducing submental adiposity resulting in notable patient satisfaction rates. Furthermore, results suggest that patients can have a volume loss of about 20% on average, allowing them to be more confident and comfortable with their appearance.

Level of Evidence: 4
C-InterSecture—a computational tool for interspecies comparison of genome architecture
Authors: Nuriddinov M , Fishman V 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Recent development of Hi-C technique, a biochemical method to study 3D genome architecture, provided large amount of information describing spatial organization of chromosomes in different cell types and species. While multiple tools are available for analysis and comparison of Hi-C data of different cell types, there are almost no resources for systematic interspecies comparison.

Results
To fill this gap, we developed C-InterSecture, a computational pipeline allowing systematic comparison of genome architecture between species. C-InterSecture allows statistical comparison of contact frequencies of individual pairs of loci, as well as interspecies comparison of contacts pattern within defined genomic regions, i.e. topologically associated domains. We employed C-InterSecture to compare mammalian and avian genome organization and showed how evolutionary changes of genomic distance affect 3D architecture of vertebrate’s genome.

Availability and implementation
C-InterSecture is implemented as a collection of python scripts freely available on GitHub repository at https://github.com/NuriddinovMA/C-InterSecture. Jucebox-compatible .hic files produced by C-InterSecture are available at http://genedev.bionet.nsc.ru/site/CIntersecture.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SPar-K: a method to partition NGS signal data
Authors: Groux Romain , Bucher Philipp 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Summary
We present SPar-K (Signal Partitioning with K-means), a method to search for archetypical chromatin architectures by partitioning a set of genomic regions characterized by chromatin signal profiles around ChIP-seq peaks and other kinds of functional sites. This method efficiently deals with problems of data heterogeneity, limited misalignment of anchor points and unknown orientation of asymmetric patterns.

Availability and implementation
SPar-K is a C++ program available on GitHub https://github.com/romaingroux/SPar-K and Docker Hub https://hub.docker.com/r/rgroux/spar-k.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Environmental Variables Influencing Chironomid Assemblages (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Lowland Rivers of Central Poland
Authors: Leszczyńska Joanna , Grzybkowska Maria , Głowacki Łukasz , Dukowska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) are a family of dipterans with a global distribution. Owing to their great functional diversity and ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, they often dominate in freshwater macroinvertebrate communities, playing a key role in the cycling of organic matter and the flow of energy in aquatic ecosystems. Our aim was to analyze the structure of chironomid assemblages and identify the environmental factors, including current velocity, river width, water depth, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, percentage of substrate covered by vascular plants, inorganic bottom substrate, and quantity of benthic (BPOM) and transported (TPOM) particulate organic matter, that underpin variation in species richness across a set of lowland rivers in central Poland, differing by stream order and abiotic parameters. Using an Information Theoretic Approach, we formulated a set of alternative models based on previously published work, with models fitted in a Bayesian framework using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation. The species richness of chironomids increased with river order, achieving a maximum in third and fourth order rivers, but decreased at higher orders. The best-fitting models included a positive effect of inorganic substrate index and dissolved oxygen on chironomid species richness. The quality structure of chironomid assemblages reflected the assumptions of the River Continuum Concept showing that species richness was under the influence of factors operating at both a micro- (inorganic bottom substrate) and macro-scale (dissolved oxygen).
Study on the mantle discontinuity structures beneath Northeast China with time–frequency phase-weighted stacks of ambient noise correlations
Authors: Li Songlin , Huang Jinli , Liu Zhikun , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYIn this study, we use continuous waveforms recorded by 258 seismic stations from permanent and temporary networks in Northeast China from September 2009 to August 2011. Using ambient noise cross-correlations and time–frequency phase-weighted stacking based on the S-transform, we retrieve the P waves reflected on 410-km and 660-km discontinuities, we employ a 3-D P-wave velocity model as references to make time–depth conversion and then obtain the lateral depth variations of the two mantle discontinuities. Our results show that beneath the Changbaishan volcano, the 410-km discontinuity is depressed and is relatively thin, indicating the presence of high-temperature materials above the discontinuity. This implies that the Changbaishan volcano formed by upwelling of mantle melting associated with dehydration of the subducting Pacific slab. In the southeast margin of the study region, the 660-km discontinuity is depressed by ∼21 km, indicating the existence of low-temperature materials above the discontinuity. These results support the hypothesis that the Pacific slab has subducted beneath Northeast China and has stagnated at the bottom of the mantle transition zone. In addition, we determine that the 660-km discontinuity at 123.6°E–126.2°E, to the west of this stagnant slab, is slightly uplifted at a small scale, which may have been caused by upwelling melting formed by vertical tearing of the stagnant slab. Moreover, we preliminarily investigate the discontinuities beneath the northern part of the study region. The results show that the 410-km discontinuity is significantly depressed beneath the northeastern margin of the study region, which we attribute to reflected P-wave signals on the boundary between hydrous and anhydrous wadsleyite. The large-scale depression of the 660-km discontinuity observed beneath the northeastern part of the study region may be related to the existence of the stagnant slab.
Advancing perspectives on health literacy in childhood and youth
Authors: Bröder Janine , Okan Orkan , Bauer Ullrich , Schlupp Sandra , Pinheiro Paulo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChildren and young people’s importance as core target population for health literacy has been highlighted throughout the literature due to the relevance of the early life phases for maintaining, restoring and promoting health during the life course. Transferring health literacy concepts to the target population, however, requires proper testing of their applicability and their fit to the developmental phases as well as the target populations’ realities and needs. This article aims to discuss children’s and young people’s health literacy by elaborating and exploring childhood and youth as life phases with unique characteristics from multidisciplinary perspectives. Drawing on theories and findings from developmental studies, sociology and socialization research, health literacy in childhood and youth is discussed along five ‘D’ dimensions: (i) disease patterns and health perspectives, (ii) demographic patterns, (iii) developmental change, (iv) dependency and (v) democracy. The unique particularities of children and young people relevant for health literacy include their disease and health-risk profiles, their vulnerability to demographic factors, their social role and status, and their right to participation. Inter- and intra-generational relationships and an unequal distribution of power can either promote or hinder children and young people’s health literacy development and their opportunities for participating in health-related decision making. Specifying what is called the ‘contextual’ and ‘relational’ dimension of health literacy for the target group requires considering their personal attributes and agency as contextually embedded and interrelated. Taking these considerations into account can help to move towards a more tailored and holistic approach to health literacy of children and young people.
Static Scaling and the Evolution of Extreme Canine Size in a Saber-Toothed Cat (Smilodon fatalis)
Authors: O’Brien D M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe canines of saber-toothed cats are a classic example of an extreme morphology, yet important questions pertaining to their evolution remain unanswered. Recent analyses suggest these structures functioned as tools of intrasexual combat where trait size acts as both a weapon of battle and signal of competitive ability. However, classic skeletal reconstructions suggest saber-tooth canines evolved as specialized hunting tools. Either scenario could have led to the evolution of extreme canine size and distinguishing between these hypotheses is therefore difficult. This is made more challenging by the fact that natural observation of saber-toothed cats is impossible, and biologists must rely on measures of static morphology to study the patterns of selection that favored extreme canine size. Here I analyze the static intraspecific scaling relationship between canine size and body size in the saber-toothed cat, Smilodon fatalis, to determine whether or not extreme canine size functioned as a sexually selected signal. I review the literature surrounding the evolution of sexually selected signals and the methods recently established by O’Brien et al. (2018), show how static scaling relationships can be useful, reliable tools for inferring patterns of selection, especially in fossil organisms, and provide evidence that extreme canine size in saber-toothed cats was not the product of selection for effective sexual signals, but instead evolved as either a pure intrasexually selected weapon or a hunting tool.
Competition, self-organization, and social scaling—accounting for the observed distributions of Tobin’s q
Authors: dos Santos Paulo L , Scharfenaker Ellis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe develop a systemic, information-theoretic model of competitive capital-market functioning that can account for the observed statistical regularities in cross-sectional distributions of the logarithm of Tobin’s q for US non-financial corporations since 1962. The model considers capital markets as a self-organizing system driven by competitive interactions among investors and corporate managers. The persistent pattern of organization we observe in those distributions is primarily defined by the efforts of corporate managers to appropriate arbitrage capital gains defined by heterogeneity across individual measures of the logarithm of Tobin’s q. Competition ensures the structures of security prices shaped by those efforts reflect an aggregate tradeoff between the gross returns and costs they pose to corporate managers. The distributions are also influenced by the endogenous, competitive formation of the opportunity cost of capital corporations face, which is conditioned by what investors come to expect to be a typical or general expected rate of return on assets across all corporations. In addition to offering an economic account of what we observe, the resulting framework defines new conceptualizations and aggregate measures of the informational and allocative performance of capital markets. Those suggest the performance of US capital markets has deteriorated since the 1980s.