bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophilic Fasciitis in a Patient Treated by Atezolizumab for Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wissam Yacine , Belcaid Laila , Wittoek Ruth , Smith Vanessa , Vanhaecke Amber , De Schepper Sofie , Jans Lennart , de Roodenbeke Daphné t'Kint , Gombos Andrea , Aspeslagh Sandrine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition has revolutionized the treatment for numerous cancer patients; however, the spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remains to be fully uncovered. We report a 48-year-old woman who was treated in the Phase III IMpassion130 study (atezolizumab and nanoparticle albumin-bound [nab]-paclitaxel) for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. She experienced a partial response after 3 months. Nevertheless, the patient presented with thickening of the skin and muscle fatigue in the distal extremities together with blood eosinophilia after 15 months. Skin biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging were diagnostic of eosinophilic fasciitis (EF). Symptoms clearly improved upon stopping atezolizumab, while tumor response is still ongoing after discontinuing treatment. We identified five other cases of EF during immunotherapy, all occurring after about 1 year and in contrast to our case, mostly accompanied by other irAEs. This highlights that even if EF is a rare irAE, timely recognition and management remains important.
Can liquid cloud microphysical processes be used for vertically pointing cloud radar calibration?
Authors: Maahn Maximilian , Hoffmann Fabian , Shupe Matthew D. , de Boer Gijs , Matrosov Sergey Y. , Luke Edward P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Cloud radars are unique instruments for observing cloud processes, but uncertainties in radar calibration have frequently limited data quality. Thus far, no single robust method exists for assessing the calibration of past cloud radar data sets. Here, we investigate whether observations of microphysical processes in liquid clouds such as the transition of cloud droplets to drizzle drops can be used to calibrate cloud radars. Specifically, we study the relationships between the radar reflectivity factor and three variables not affected by absolute radar calibration: the skewness of the radar Doppler spectrum (γ), the radar mean Doppler velocity (W), and the liquid water path (LWP). For each relation, we evaluate the potential for radar calibration. For γ and W, we use box model simulations to determine typical radar reflectivity values for reference points. We apply the new methods to observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites North Slope of Alaska (NSA) and Oliktok Point (OLI) in 2016 using two 35 GHz Ka-band ARM Zenith Radars (KAZR). For periods with a sufficient number of liquid cloud observations, we find that liquid cloud processes are robust enough for cloud radar calibration, with the LWP-based method performing best. We estimate that, in 2016, the radar reflectivity at NSA was about 1±1 dB too low but stable. For OLI, we identify serious problems with maintaining an accurate calibration including a sudden decrease of 5 to 7 dB in June 2016.
High-resolution paleovalley classification from airborne electromagnetic imaging and deep neural network training using digital elevation model data
Authors: Jiang Zhenjiao , Mallants Dirk , Peeters Luk , Gao Lei , Soerensen Camilla , Mariethoz Gregoire 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Paleovalleys are buried ancient river valleys that often form
productive aquifers, especially in the semiarid and arid areas of
Australia. Delineating their extent and hydrostratigraphy is however a
challenging task in groundwater system characterization. This study
developed a methodology based on the deep learning super-resolution
convolutional neural network (SRCNN) approach, to convert electrical
conductivity (EC) estimates from an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey in
South Australia to a high-resolution binary paleovalley map. The SRCNN was
trained and tested with a synthetic training dataset, where valleys were
generated from readily available digital elevation model (DEM) data from the
AEM survey area. Electrical conductivities typical of valley sediments were
generated by Archie's law, and subsequently blurred by down-sampling and
bicubic interpolation to represent noise from the AEM survey, inversion and
interpolation. After a model training step, the SRCNN successfully removed
such noise, and reclassified the low-resolution, converted unimodal but
skewed EC values into a high-resolution paleovalley index following a
bimodal distribution. The latter allows us to distinguish valley from
non-valley pixels. Furthermore, a realistic spatial connectivity structure
of the paleovalley was predicted when compared with borehole lithology logs
and a valley bottom flatness indicator. Overall the methodology permitted us to
better constrain the three-dimensional paleovalley geometry from AEM images
that are becoming more widely available for groundwater prospecting.
Design of the subsurface observatory at Surtsey volcano, Iceland
Authors: Türke Andreas , Jackson Marie D. , Bach Wolfgang , Kahl Wolf-Achim , Grzybowski Brian , Marshall Beau , Gudmundsson Magnús T. , Jørgensen Steffen Leth 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Surtsey, the youngest of the islands of Vestmannaeyjar, is an oceanic volcano created by explosive basaltic eruptions during 1963–1967 off the southern coast of Iceland. The subsurface deposits of the volcano were first sampled by a cored borehole in 1979. In summer 2017, three cored boreholes were drilled through the active hydrothermal system of the volcano by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) SUSTAIN Expedition 5059. These cores are expected to provide the first glimpse of microbial life in very young and native basaltic tuff of the oceanic crust. To reduce the contamination of the subsurface environment, seawater circulating fluid was filtered and passed through two UV-sterilizing treatments. One of the boreholes has been equipped with a subsurface observatory dedicated in situ experiments for monitoring water–rock interactions and microbial processes in sterile, artificial basaltic glass and in olivine granules. With temperatures ranging from 25 to 125 ∘C, the subsurface observatory provides a precise geothermal window into an active hydrothermal system and thus represents an exceptional natural laboratory for studying fluid–rock–microbe interactions at different temperature regimes and facilitates experimental validation of active submarine microbial processes at the limit of functional life, about 121 ∘C. Comparisons with the 1979 and 2019 drill cores will provide time-lapse observations of hydrothermal processes over a 50-year timescale. Here, we present the technical design of the observatory and the incubation chamber experiments deployed from September 2017 to summer 2019.
Relation Between Interactive Learning and Prior Knowledge: Insights from a General Education Program of Science and Humanities
Authors: Chan Hin-Yan , Lo Chun-Yeung , Ng Andy Ka-Leung , Cheung Derek Hang-Cheong , Kiang Kai-Ming 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Possession of prior knowledge has been shown to critically influence students' learning in major courses. Yet the topic remains unexplored in the realm of general education in higher education. The study aims at investigating whether students lacking relevant high school knowledge background could benefit in the two courses, one inclined to science and one inclined to the humanities, in a general education program at a university in Hong Kong. Interactive learning has been intensively practiced in the program to minimize the unfavorable impact brought up by a lack of prior knowledge among students. Data from an entry-exit survey show that a lack of prior knowledge does not limit students' learning in outcomes related to generic cognitive skills and subject matter content in both courses. An interactive learning approach is suggested to have mediated the problem of the lack of prior knowledge in students' subsequent learning in the two general education courses.
‘Ik mag doen wat ik moet doen’
Authors: van Onna J. 
Published: June 2019

‘Ik mag doen wat ik moet doen’ – Bevindingen en praktijkimplicaties uit een onderzoek naar de criminele ontwikkeling van fraudeurs
Fraude heeft grote maatschappelijke en financiële gevolgen. Toch is over het proces waarlangs en de redenen waarom managers, bestuurders of ondernemers zich inlaten met serieuze vormen van fraude nog relatief weinig bekend. Deze kennislacune omtrent de criminele ontwikkeling van fraudeurs is onderwerp van onderzoek in een recent afgerond proefschrift. In het artikel worden de belangrijkste bevindingen uit het proefschrift en de aanbevelingen voor de handhaving besproken.
Examining the impact of EU cohesion policies aiming to reduce regional and social disparities with examples of policy impacts in Ireland
Authors: Williams Brendan , Varghese Johanna 
Published: June 2019

This research describes the evolution of the Irish spatial planning system and explores the impact of EU cohesion policies aiming to reduce regional and social disparities within the European Union with respect to recent developments in Ireland. The changing nature of the Irish planning system is seen as movement from a market or local development led approach towards a more strategic regional and national approach. This trend has in part been influenced by EU policies, directives and initiatives with evidence of both difficulties and successful delivery of some major projects. The discussion is complemented by evidence from two case studies in the transportation area and interviews with key participants in the policy processes. In conclusion the implications of such trends for future planning policy in Ireland and the EU are explored.
* Bibliografia
Temperament and character profiles of medical students associated with tolerance of ambiguity and perfectionism
Authors: Leung Janni , Cloninger C. Robert , Hong Barry A. , Cloninger Kevin M. , Eley Diann S. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundCertain personal attributes, such as perfectionism and tolerance of ambiguity, have been identified as influential in high achieving students. Medical students have been identified as high achievers and perfectionistic, and as such may be challenged by ambiguity. Medical students undertake a long and challenging degree. Personality has been shown to influence the well-being and coping and may equip some students to better cope with challenges. This paper examines the association between temperament and character personality profiles with measures of tolerance of ambiguity and with both adaptive and maladaptive constructs of perfectionism.MethodsA self-report questionnaire collected data on a sample of 808 Australian medical students in 2014 and 2015. Personality was measured using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCIR-140) and classified traits as profiles using a latent class analysis. Two profiles were found. Profile 1 was characterized by low-average levels of Harm Avoidance, and high to very high levels of Persistence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness. Moderately-high levels of Harm Avoidance and high levels of Persistence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness characterized Profile 2. Moderation regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between the personality profiles with levels of Tolerance of Ambiguity (MSAT-II), Perfectionism-Concern over Mistakes and Perfectionism-High Standards (FMPS), considering demographic characteristics.ResultsStudents with Profile 1 were higher in levels of Tolerance of Ambiguity, and Perfectionism-High Standards, and lower levels of Perfectionism-Concern over Mistakes compared to Profile 2. These findings remained statistically significant after adjusting for age and gender. A significant personality by age interaction on Tolerance of Ambiguity was found. While higher levels of Tolerance of Ambiguity were associated with older age overall, it remained low across age for students with a personality Profile 2.ConclusionsA particular combination of personality traits was identified to be associated with low Tolerance of Ambiguity and high levels of maladaptive Perfectionism. An intolerance of ambiguity and over concern about mistakes may be maladaptive and underlie vulnerability to stress and poor coping. The psychobiological model of personality provides insight into traits that are stable and those that can be self-regulated through education and training. The interaction between biological mechanisms and socio-cultural learning is relevant to a sample of medical students because it accounts for interaction of the biological or innate aspects of their personal development within an intense and competitive learning environment of medical school.
Capsazepine prolongation of the duration of lidocaine block of sensory transmission in mice may be mediated by modulation of HCN channel currents
Authors: Zhao Wenling , Liang Peng , Liu Jin , Li Huan , Liao Daqing , Chen Xiangdong , Li Qian , Zhou Cheng 
Published: June 2019

Background and objectives
Hyperpolarization-activation cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels contribute to the effects of lidocaine. Capsazepine (CPZ), a competitive inhibitor of capsaicin of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel, has also been found to inhibit HCN channel currents (Ih). This study was designed to investigate whether CPZ could prolong durations of lidocaine in regional anesthesia.

Methods
Mouse HCN1 and HCN2 channels were expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells. The effect of CPZ on Ih was measured by whole-cell patch-clamping recording. Sciatic nerve block model in mice was used for the study in vivo. The mice were randomly divided into seven groups, respectively, receiving lidocaine, CPZ, ZD7288 (HCN channel blocker), CPZ + lidocaine, ZD7288 + lidocaine, ZD7288 + CPZ + lidocaine, forskolin (an activator of adenylyl cyclase) + CPZ + lidocaine. Regional anesthetic durations of lidocaine were determined. Voltage-gated sodium channel currents (INa) and Ih were recorded in dorsal root ganglion neurons of mice. The effects of CPZ on INa and Ih with or without Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were assessed. Isolated mice sciatic nerve was prepared to evaluate the effect of CPZ on the compound action potentials (CAP).

Results
Capsazepine non-selectively inhibited transfected mHCN1 and mHCN2 channel currents in HEK 293 cells. In sciatic nerve block in vivo, compared to lidocaine alone, adding CPZ extended the durations of lidocaine for noxious sensory block (35.1 ± 3.3 vs. 20.3 ± 1.7 min), tactile sensory block (25.5 ± 4.4 vs. 20.0 ± 3.7 min), thermal sensory block (39.6 ± 6.6 vs. 26.8 ± 5.5 min), and motor function block (28.6 ± 4.1 vs. 20.9 ± 4.2 min). Duration of thermal sensory block was longer in CPZ + lidocaine group than that of ZD7288 + lidocaine group (39.6 ± 6.6 vs. 33.4 ± 4.5 min). Forskolin reversed the prolongation by CPZ on lidocaine durations. CPZ or ZD7288 alone did not produce typical regional anesthetic effects. Increased intracellular concentration of cAMP reversed the inhibition of CPZ on Ih. Although CPZ alone inhibited INa at the concentration more than 30 μM, it did not inhibit the CAP amplitudes in isolated sciatic nerves. CPZ dose-dependently enhanced the inhibitory effect of 1% lidocaine on the CAP amplitudes.

Conclusions
Capsazepine may prolong durations of lidocaine in peripheral nerve block by modulation of HCN channel currents.
Screening Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae) Genotypes for Resistance to Early and Late Leaf Spot Diseases
Authors: Alidu M. S. , Abukari S. , Abudulai M. 
Published: June 2019

Background for the Study: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop both in subsistence and commercial agriculture in Ghana. Early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personata) are major limiting factors to groundnut productivity in Ghana.
Aim: The objective of the study was to screen groundnut genotypes for resistance to Early and Late leaf spot diseases.
Study Design: The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three (3) times.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted from May to December 2013 at the Savanna Agricultural Research Institute experimental site at Nyankpala in the Northern Region. The site lies between latitude 9°25´141 North and longitude 0°58’142 West and an altitude of 183 m.
Methodology: The land was done using a tractor and field divided into plots of 2 m x 5 m with 1 m interval between plots. Sowing was done on 3rd June 2013. One seed was planted per hole at a depth of approximately 4 cm. Early and late leaf spot ratings were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting, using a ten-point scale. At pod maturity, plants from the middle two rows of each plot were hand-harvested and weights of the above ground foliage and underground pods were oven-dried to obtain dry haulm weight and pod yield respectively. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using Genstat statistical package (12th edition). Means were separated using the least significant difference at 5%.
Results: The were significant differences (P < .001) among the groundnut genotypes in terms of severity for both early and late leaf spot diseases. F-Mix, NC 7, PC 79-79, F-Mix × SINK 24 and NKATIE-SARI had lowest score for both early and late leaf spot diseases. Among the 21 groundnut genotypes, F-Mix recorded the highest pods yield of 1100kg/ha and haulm weight of 5867 kg/ha followed by NC 7 with total pods yield of 900 kg/ha and haulm weight of 5373 kg/ha. PC 79-79 had a total pods yield of 666.7 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4867kg/ha. The pods yield of F-Mix × SINK 24 was 533.3 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4600 kg/ha. NKATIE-SARI recorded pods yield of 500 kg/ha and haulm weight of 4633 kg/ha.
Conclusions: From the study, the genotypes F-Mix, NC 7, PC 79-79, F-Mix × SINK 24 and NKATIE-SARI were found to be resistance to both early and late leaf spot disease whereas Chinese, Doumbala, GM 120, GM 324 and ICGV 86015 were susceptible to both diseases.
Sample Preparation Strategies for Analytical Determinations
Authors: Torrijos Rafael Cela , Mariño Iria González , Goyanes Rosa Montes , Álvarez José B. Quintana , Criado María Ramil , Rodríguez Mª Rosario Rodil , Rodríguez Pereiro Isaac 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sample preparation techniques have experienced an explosive development during the past decades. Procedural approaches that use minimal sample amounts reducing to the limit and sometimes eliminating completely the use of toxic and/or environmentally unfriendly solvents and reagents have emerged as standard in the analytical laboratory. At the same time, significant improvements in sensitivity and selectivity have appeared. This article revised the principal developments of sample preparation methods for analytical determinations as produced recently. The approach is systematic, classifying the procedures into two broad groups: methods based on equilibrium and exhaustive methods. In each case, the principal methods are revisited with a brief description about the principles and chemistry involved and some significant examples. A large number of bibliographic references allow a deeper study on each case, when necessary.
Polydiacetylene Bio‐ and Chemo‐Sensors
Authors: Jelinek Raz 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Polydiacetylenes (PDA) are a family of conjugated polymers exhibiting unique optical properties, specifically color and fluorescence transformations. Since their first synthesis in the early 1970s, PDAs have attracted significant interest as useful and promising platforms for sensing applications, based upon the observations that varied external stimuli can induce the color and/or fluorescence transitions. Another attractive facet of PDA systems has been the feasibility to mold the polymers in diverse configurations and morphologies – vesicles, microtubes, supported films, hybrid porous matrixes, and others. This diversity makes PDA assemblies promising conduits for practical biosensing and chemosensing applications and sensor device construction. This article presents PDA‐based sensing schemes and their potential applications in biology, chemistry, art restoration, and others.
Application of Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering in Studies of Biological Macromolecules
Authors: Gräwert Tobias , Svergun Dmitri 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Biological small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) allows one to study overall structures and structural transitions of many biological macromolecules in solution, under close to native conditions. Sample preparation for SAXS is straightforward with no crystallization, labelling or immobilization needed, thus significantly reducing the risk of preparation artefacts. The size range of objects that can be studied spans from small peptides like insulin or nucleic acid aptamers up to megadalton‐size multi subunit complexes and viruses. With a single measurement being performed in sub‐second time scale at modern synchrotron facilities it is possible to study rapid kinetics or decaying samples. SAXS data give insights into size, shape, oligomeric composition and flexibility of the probed macromolecules and complexes. SAXS is useful as a standalone technique but also as a complementary method that profits from the availability of experimental or predicted high resolution models of the studied objects or their fragments and funnels them together with scattering data in powerful hybrid method approaches. Thanks to all these advantages and constant new developments, the use of SAXS to address challenging biological questions is steadily increasing. Here, we review the latest developments providing insights into the wide range of applications that benefit from SAXS.
Luminescence
Authors: Zottnick Sven H. , Sorg Jens R. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Fouassier Claude 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter targets a detailed explanation of luminescence by describing processes, responsible species as well as important applications. Therefore, the main families of luminescent species and ions are introduced and the origin of their luminescence is discussed in detail in terms of excitation, emission and energy transfer. Recent applications give insights to the relevance of the field.
Electrets
Authors: Kaufman George K. , Gooding Diana M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Electrets are materials that have a permanent electric field at their surface, analogous to how magnets have a permanent magnetic field. Their electric field arises from a net electrical charge or polarization. This article focuses on the former electrets that bear a net charge. This charge can develop and dissipate in various ways. This article briefly describes advances in our understanding of how charge develops by contact electrification, corona charging, and direct charging from electrodes, and how charge dissipates by electrostatic discharge and charge decay. We also describe ways to pattern charge, including electrical microcontact printing, atomic force microscope‐assisted nanolithography, and new techniques for forming three‐dimensional structures. Lastly, we highlight several relatively new or still‐developing uses for electrets, including electrostatic self‐assembly for sub‐micron xerography, electrostatic generators for harvesting energy or for self‐powered sensing, sources of X‐rays that do not require high‐voltage sources of power, bioactive materials for implants, and electret‐driven chemical reactions.