bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Networks as a Factor in Volunteering Among Elderly Japanese with Lower Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Fukuzawa Ai , Katagiri Keiko , Harada Kazuhiro , Masumoto Kouhei , Chogahara Makoto , Kondo Narihiko , Okada Shuichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe investigated the effect of social networks on volunteering, which is known to be beneficial for people and society, among elderly Japanese of lower socioeconomic status. Western studies have demonstrated that social networks boost volunteering among wealthy people because of the norm that they should help the less fortunate. However, wealthy East Asians do not share this norm. Therefore, socioeconomic variables and volunteering tend not to be significantly related in Japan. We hypothesized that social networks would be more important to volunteering among the Japanese elderly, especially among people of a lower socioeconomic status. A total of 768 respondents (319 men, 432 women, 17 sex unspecified; Mage = 73.99 years, SD = 7.40 years) completed the survey. The results indicated that social networks were positively related to volunteering only among people with lower financial status. This result suggests that social networks can increase opportunities and help less advantaged elderly people to reap the benefits of volunteering.
For an integrative theory of social behaviour: Theorising with and beyond rational choice theory
Authors: Rutar Tibor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMost sociologists are not content with merely relating macrosocial phenomena to preceding macrosocial causes in their causal explanations of social phenomena. Instead they are seeking to provide (non‐reductive) microfoundations with which they can corroborate and make understandable the connection between macrosocial phenomena. In order to do so a theory (or theories) of human action is required. One such theory, rational choice theory (RCT), has long been viewed with strong suspicion in sociology. I show such suspicion to be partially justified. RCT cannot be a general theory of social behaviour. Nonetheless, there are important insights in various versions of RCT that should not be discarded. In order to improve upon RCT and move toward a more unified or integrative theory of action social‐psychological research has to be taken note of. I demonstrate how dual‐process theories and the research on heuristics can help sociologists move beyond RCT without contradicting some of its more basic insights.
Detection of Bacillus anthracis in animal tissues using InBios active anthrax detect rapid test lateral flow immunoassay
Authors: Kolton C.B. , Marston C.K. , Stoddard R.A. , Cossaboom C. , Salzer J.S. , Kozel T.R. , Gates-Hollingsworth M.A. , Cleveland C.A. , Thompson A.T. , Dalton M.F. , Yabsley M.J. , Hoffmaster A.R. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Active Anthrax Detect (AAD) Rapid Test lateral flow immunoassay is a point-of-care assay that was under investigational use for detecting Bacillus anthracis capsular polypeptide (polyglutamic acid) in human blood, serum and plasma. Small sample volumes, rapid results and no refrigeration required allow for easy use in either the field or laboratory. Although the test was developed for use in suspect cases of human inhalation anthrax, its features also make it a potentially powerful tool for testing suspect animal cases. We tested animal tissue samples that were confirmed or ruled out for B. anthracis. The AAD Rapid Tests were also deployed in the field, testing animal carcasses during an anthrax outbreak in hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius) and Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in Namibia. Evaluation of all samples showed a specificity of 82% and sensitivity of 98%. However, when the assay was used on specimens from only fresh carcasses (dead for &lt;24 h), the specificity increased to 96%. The AAD Rapid Test is a rapid and simple screening assay, but confirmatory testing needs to be done, especially when the age of the sample (days animal has been deceased) is unknown.

Significance and Impact of the Study
In countries where anthrax is endemic, many human outbreaks are often caused by epizootics. Earlier detection of infected animals may allow for identification of exposed people, early implementation of prevention and control methods, and ultimately lessen the number of people and animals affected. Detection of Bacillus anthracis in animal tissues using a simple, rapid and field-deployable method would allow for faster outbreak response. We evaluated a simple sample collection and processing method for use with the Active Anthrax Detect Rapid Test lateral flow immunoassay to screen dead animals for anthrax.
“The very ugly duckling” meetsMinecraft: identity work and interpretive competence
Authors: Wilson Sue , Rennie Jennifer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPicturebook discussions are commonplace literacy events in contemporary classrooms. The different experiences, backgrounds and ways of being that individual students draw upon during talk around texts prompt a broad range of ways to make, negotiate and share meanings. In addition to developing students' literacy skills such as oral language, vocabulary and comprehension, these discussions have been shown to be instrumental in developing students' interpretive competence which is important for achieving learning outcomes. In this article, we report a study that investigated how four diverse groups of 10‐ and 11‐year‐old students and teachers from two schools experienced such reading events. The study found that making sense of these books was more productive when students were given permission to switch identities and make connections to their out‐of‐school cyber and popular culture worlds. Using discourse analytic techniques, we uncover the identity work during a number of discussions around two different picturebooks and show how this enabled these learners to enter the academic space and demonstrate interpretive competence.
Becoming a teacher of early reading: charting the knowledge and practices of pre‐service and newly qualified teachers
Authors: Hendry Helen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEducation policy in England requires student teachers to demonstrate effective teaching of early reading, including systematic synthetic phonics, in order to qualify to teach. Although there is a range of literature about initial teacher education, little is documented about how pre‐service or ‘student' teachers develop specific knowledge and practices for teaching early reading and how they apply these in their first term as newly qualified teachers (NQTs). This research used a primarily qualitative longitudinal, collective case study design involving seven lower primary (3–7 years) postgraduate certificate in education (PGCE) students enrolled at one university in the East Midlands of England. Semi‐structured interviews, classroom observations and documentary analysis with the students and their teacher mentors were used to gather data from entry onto the course to the participants' first term as qualified teachers. A thematic analysis was applied in conjunction with deductive observation codes developed from a previous study. Findings indicate a broad continuum of progression in student and newly qualified teacher knowledge and practice for teaching early reading which could be used to inform university organisation, mentoring and school participation. They highlight the influence of school cultures on the experiences of student and pre‐service teachers.
Transcriptional integration of the responses to iron availability in Arabidopsis by the bHLH factor ILR3
Authors: Tissot Nicolas , Robe Kevin , Gao Fei , Grant‐Grant Susana , Boucherez Jossia , Bellegarde Fanny , Maghiaoui Amel , Marcelin Romain , Izquierdo Esther , Benhamed Moussa , Martin Antoine , Vignols Florence , Roschzttardtz Hannetz , Gaymard Frédéric , Briat Jean‐François , Dubos Christian 
Published: February 2019

Summary

Iron (Fe) homeostasis is crucial for all living organisms. In mammals, an integrated posttranscriptional mechanism couples the regulation of both Fe deficiency and Fe excess responses. Whether in plants an integrated control mechanism involving common players regulates responses both to deficiency and to excess is still to be determined.

In this study, molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches were used to investigate transcriptional responses to both Fe deficiency and excess.

A transcriptional activator of responses to Fe shortage in Arabidopsis, called bHLH105/ILR3, was found to also negatively regulate the expression of ferritin genes, which are markers of the plant's response to Fe excess. Further investigations revealed that ILR3 repressed the expression of several structural genes that function in the control of Fe homeostasis. ILR3 interacts directly with the promoter of its target genes, and repressive activity was conferred by its dimerisation with bHLH47/PYE. Last, this study highlighted that important facets of plant growth in response to Fe deficiency or excess rely on ILR3 activity.

Altogether, the data presented herein support that ILR3 is at the centre of the transcriptional regulatory network that controls Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis, in which it acts as both transcriptional activator and repressor.
Gene expression profiling of Jagged1‐treated human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Suwanwela Jaijam , Hansamuit Kanokporn , Manokawinchoke Jeeranan , Sa‐Ard‐Iam Noppadol , Mahanonda Rangsini , Pavasant Prasit , Osathanon Thanaphum 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveJagged1 regulates several biological functions in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLs). The present study aimed to evaluate mRNA expression profiling of Jagged1‐treated hPDLs using microarray technique.MethodsNotch ligands, Jagged1, were indirectly immobilized on tissue culture surface. Subsequently, hPDLs were seeded on Jagged1 immobilized surface and maintained in growth medium for 48 hr. Total RNA was collected and processed. Gene expression profiling was examined using microarray technique. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining were employed to determine mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Cell proliferation and colony‐forming unit assay were performed. Cell cycle was evaluated using propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analysis.ResultsThe isolated cells demonstrated fibroblast‐like morphology and exhibited the co‐expression of CD44, CD90, and CD105 surface markers. After stimulated with Jagged1, the total of 411 genes was differentially expressed, consisting both coding and non‐coding genes. For coding genes, 165 and 160 coding genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were mainly involved in cellular interactions, signal transduction, and collagen formation and degradation while the downregulated genes were in the events and phases in cell cycle. Jagged1 significantly decreased cell proliferation, reduced colony‐forming unit ability, and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in hPDLs.ConclusionJagged1 regulates various biological pathways in hPDLs. This gene expression profiling could help to understand the mechanisms potentially involved in the Notch signaling regulation in periodontal homeostasis.
Rehabilitation needs and activity limitations of adults with a visual impairment entering a low vision rehabilitation service in England
Authors: Macnaughton Jane , Latham Keziah , Vianya‐Estopa Marta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate outcome measures of the Participation and Activity Inventory (PAI) in a sample of adults with acquired visual impairment entering vision rehabilitation. Both Priority Scores, indicating level of rehabilitative need, and Person Measures, indicating goal difficulty, were considered.MethodsParticipants were newly registered adults with visual impairment within Leicestershire, United Kingdom. The importance and difficulty of 48 goals of the PAI were assessed, as were demographic factors, clinical visual function (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, reading function) and psychosocial function (adjustment to visual loss, depression, anxiety and fear of falling). Priority scores were calculated as the product of importance and difficulty of each goal. All questionnaires were Rasch analysed, and person and item measures of perceived difficulty with goals were derived.ResultsSixty people (mean age ± S.D. = 75.8 ± 13.8 years) took part. PAI goals with greatest rehabilitative need were reading (6.82 ± 2.91), mobility outdoors (6.55 ± 3.92), mobility indoors within an unfamiliar environment (5.52 ± 3.93) and writing (5.27 ± 3.02). Greater rehabilitative need was associated with younger age (β = −0.46, p < 0.001), and with higher depressive symptomatology (β = 0.35, p < 0.01; model R2 34%). Goals with greatest difficulty were mending clothing (−1.95 ± 0.35 logits) and hobbies and crafts (−1.32 ± 0.23 logits). Greater difficulty was associated with higher depressive symptomatology (β = 0.39, p < 0.001), lower visual acuity (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and lower adjustment of visual loss (β = 0.31, p < 0.01; model R2 53%).ConclusionsKey rehabilitation needs for adults at entry to services require both optical and non‐optical interventions. As rehabilitative need was not associated with the level of visual impairment, eyecare professionals should not wait until the end of medical treatment before referral for support. Similarly, rehabilitative need was associated with younger age, indicating the importance to refer younger people with sight loss at an early stage. The use of structured assessment, such as the PAI, ensures goals that have an impact upon quality of life are specifically identified. Depression screening on entry to rehabilitation is relevant as it predicts both perceived difficulty and rehabilitative need.
Adolescent psychopathy, heart rate, and skin conductance
Authors: MacDougall Emily A.M. , Salekin Randall T. , Gillen Christopher T.A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResearchers have advocated for a greater focus on measuring neurobiological underpinnings of serious psychological conditions such as psychopathy. This has become particularly important to investigate early in the life span, when intervention efforts for psychopathy‐related behavior like conduct disorder (CD) are more successful. Given that psychopathy is a complex syndrome, it is also important to investigate physiological processes at a dimensional level. Using a sample of 56 adolescent male offenders (Mage = 15.92; SD = 1.31), this study explored the relationship between the Psychopathy Checklist–Youth Version (Forth, Kosson, & Hare, 2003), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance (SC). A white noise countdown task was used to measure autonomic activity across a baseline, anticipatory (prenoise), and reactivity (postnoise) period. Findings revealed no significant associations between psychopathy and HR activity across the time intervals. However, results revealed a positive association between grandiose‐manipulative traits and SC activity and a negative association between callous‐unemotional traits and SC activity. The results indicate that autonomic processes may contribute to distinct psychopathic traits in different ways, implicating slightly differential brain functioning. The findings suggest that, in order to better understand and treat youth with CD, future research should continue to examine the biological correlates of psychopathy at the broader construct level but perhaps especially at the component level.
U.K. hemophilia treaters’ knowledge of risk assessment for prolonged bleeding associated with dental procedures
Authors: Rahman Aza , Nizarali Najla , Dougall Alison , Daly Blánaid 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionOptimal delivery of dental care for adults with congenital bleeding disorders (CBD) requires close collaboration between hemophilia treaters and dentists.AimTo explore U.K. hemophilia treaters’ knowledge of dental procedures and associated hemostatic management in adults with CBD.MethodStaff (N = 180) from N = 60 hemophilia facilities in the United Kingdom were invited to participate in a questionnaire‐based study using a web‐based tool. The questionnaire assessed participants’ knowledge, adherence and appropriateness of application of U.K. guidance on hemostatic management of common dental procedures.ResultsThe response rate was 23% of treaters (n = 41) from 62% (n = 32) hemophilia facilities. Individual participants (87%; n = 34) reported they adhered to guidelines, though knowledge of guidance was poor with only 36% (n = 15) applying guidance appropriately in 3 common dental scenarios. There was a tendency for participants to assign the use of systemic hemostatic measures independent of the agreed bleeding risk associated with the proposed dental procedure.Conclusion and recommendationsWhile hemophilia treaters were aware of current guidelines, their knowledge of the guidelines and ability to risk assess dental procedures was poor. There was a tendency to overprescribe systemic hemostatic measures for dental procedures. Education initiatives to aid decision making are needed.
Safety and efficacy of methenamine hippurate for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in adult renal transplant recipients: A single center, retrospective study
Authors: Hollyer Ian , Varias Francesca , Ho Bing , Ison Michael G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients (RTR).MethodsIn this retrospective study we gathered clinical data from patients prescribed methenamine hippurate to prevent recurrent UTI pre‐ and post‐intervention. Thirty‐eight RTR ≥18 years old at Northwestern Memorial Hospital from 2006‐2017 were included in the final analysis.ResultsThe median and range for follow‐up days were 365 (299‐365) pre‐ vs 314 (105‐365) post‐methenamine. Total UTI frequency (9.16 vs 5.01/1000 patient follow‐up days), days of antibiotic therapy to treat UTI (215 vs 132/1000 patient follow‐up days), and hospitalization due to UTI (2.64 vs 1.07/1000 patient follow‐up days) decreased while patients took methenamine. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most commonly identified cause of UTI both pre‐ and post‐intervention. Drug resistant bacteria (ESBL‐producing or VRE) affected 3 patients pre‐ and recurred in 1 of those patients plus 3 new patients post‐methenamine. Methenamine had few adverse side effects for patients. One patient had nausea and 1 was intolerant.ConclusionWe found that methenamine is well tolerated and is useful in reducing UTI, antibiotic prescriptions, and hospitalization in RTR with recurrent UTI. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Red cell transfusion in cardiac surgery: what is the right balance?
Authors: Shehata Nadine , Mazer C. David 
Published: February 2019

KEY IDEAS
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are considered at increased risk of anemia‐induced tissue hypoxia and transfusion‐associated adverse events.
Large recent randomized controlled trials addressing lowering the hemoglobin concentration for red cell transfusion (restrictive strategies) for these patients demonstrated slightly inconsistent results.
Combining all randomized trials of restrictive strategies for red cell transfusion in cardiac surgery demonstrated that restrictive transfusion strategies are not inferior to liberal strategies.
Effect of immediate postoperative intracameral tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on anterior chamber fibrin formation in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification
Authors: Mancuso Laura A. , Nadelstein Brad , Berdoulay Andrew , Spatola Ronald A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the postoperative effect of intracameral tPA (alteplase; Activase®, Genentech, San Francisco, CA), administered at immediate conclusion of phacoemulsification, on anterior chamber fibrin formation in dogs.ProceduresForty‐one dogs (82 eyes) undergoing bilateral phacoemulsification received 25 μg/0.1 mL intracameral tPA in one eye and 0.1 mL unmedicated aqueous vehicle in the contralateral eye immediately after corneal incision closure. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured, and severity of anterior chamber fibrin formation, aqueous flare, pigment precipitates on the intraocular lens (IOL) implant, posterior capsular opacification (PCO), and corneal edema were graded at approximately 1 week, 2‐3 weeks, 4‐6 weeks, 8‐12 weeks, and greater than 3 months postoperatively.ResultsAnterior chamber fibrin developed postoperatively in 68.3% of dogs (28/41) and 50% of eyes (41/82). In tPA‐treated eyes, 53.7% (22/41) developed fibrin compared to 46.3% of control eyes (19/41). Some degree of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) occurred in 53.7% of dogs (22/41) and 36.5% of eyes (30/82). In tPA‐treated eyes, 34.1% (14/41) experienced POH compared to 39% of control eyes (16/41). Additional intracameral tPA injection was later required in 29.3% of both tPA‐treated (12/41) and control eyes (12/41).ConclusionsAdministration of intracameral tPA at immediate conclusion of canine phacoemulsification had no clinically observable effect on anterior chamber fibrin incidence at any time point. tPA‐treated eyes showed no prophylaxis against POH or secondary glaucoma compared to control eyes and received late postoperative tPA injections at the same frequency as control eyes.
Quantitative, noninvasive assessment of intra‐ and extraocular perfusion by contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography and its clinical applicability in healthy dogs
Authors: Blohm Klaas‐Ole , Hittmair Katharina M. , Tichy Alexander , Nell Barbara 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess quantitative perfusion of intra‐ and extraocular regions of interest (ROIs) in conscious, healthy dogs utilizing contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS); to compare varying enhancement with the first and second bolus injection and in the right and left eye; and to determine the most appropriate examination time.ProceduresGray scale ultrasonography and contrast harmonic imaging using sulfur hexafluoride were performed randomly assigned in both eyes in 10 university‐owned beagles. Perfusion parameters including slope time, time to peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI), and area under the curve (AUC) were measured at individually drawn ROIs (retrobulbar cone = ROI 1, choroid‐retina complex = ROI 2, medial = ROI 3, and lateral anterior uvea = ROI 4).ResultsTime‐intensity curve parameters revealed no significant differences in eyes examined by the first or second bolus injection (P > 0.05) or in the right or left eye (P > 0.05). Pooled data from all eyes were analyzed. Peak intensity of ROI 2 was significantly higher compared to all other ROIs (P < 0.001). Area under the curve at ROI 2 was significantly higher compared to all other ROIs (P < 0.05), and AUC at ROI 1 was significantly higher than at ROI 4 (P < 0.05). No significant differences in TTP were observed between different ROIs (P > 0.05). Ratios relative to different ROI sizes showed fastest enhancement in the retrobulbar cone and most intense perfusion in the anterior uveal regions. The first minute after contrast injection provided the highest diagnostic value.ConclusionQuantitative perfusion in nondiseased canine eyes revealed consistent parameters. Application of standardized CEUS protocols may be a promising diagnostic tool to differentiate ocular lesions.