bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separated Flow Topology in Compressors
Authors: Taylor James V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
When a multistage high-speed compressor is operated away from its design point, extreme incidence is caused in some blade rows. This results in large, localized separations that are three dimensional in nature. In this paper, topological reasoning is used to describe the behavior of these three-dimensional separations. It is shown that two classes of separation exist: one in which the flow progresses from attached to separate in a smooth way and another where there is a discontinuity in the response of the flow topology. It is shown that the global structure of the flow depends on the type of topological response that occurs. When the response is discontinuous, nonaxisymmetric cells of separated blades are formed. When the response is smooth, the resultant separated flow is axisymmetric. The paper is split into two broad sections: The first section presents examples of the two different classes of topological response that can occur in a single blade row, and it also shows how an engineer can achieve a different response by altering the blade design. The second section covers the analysis of a multistage high-speed compressor. The compressor initially presents the discontinuous behavior with rotating cells of separations. It is then redesigned to reduce the severity of the cell behavior or remove it entirely.
Sequential replay of nonspatial task states in the human hippocampus
Authors: Schuck Nicolas W. , Niv Yael 
Published: June 2019

Replay of activity in the human brain
Electrophysiological recordings in rats and mice have shown that specific hippocampal neuronal activity patterns are sequentially reactivated during rest periods or sleep. Does the human hippocampus also replay activity sequences, even in a nonspatial task, such as, for example, decision-making? Schuck and Niv studied functional magnetic resonance imaging signals in subjects after they had learned a decision-making task. While people rested, the replay of activity patterns in the hippocampus reflected the order of previous task-state sequences. Thus, sequential hippocampal reactivation might participate in decision-making in humans.

Science
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eaaw5181
Protracted magmatism and magnetization around the McClure Mountain alkaline igneous complex
Authors: Pivarunas Anthony F. , Meert Joseph G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe McClure Mountain–Iron Mountain igneous complex is an alkalic intrusive center in the northern Wet Mountains of southern Colorado. It was emplaced in early Cambrian time into gneissic/granitic 1.75–1.45 Ga Proterozoic host rocks. Numerous dikes are associated with the complex, primarily along the western side. Although the main intrusive nepheline-syenite body is well dated, the ages of the surrounding dikes are poorly known. Crosscutting relationships and poorly defined K-Ar dates suggest that the dikes are younger than the main intrusion. Paleomagnetic samples were collected from dikes associated with the McClure Mountain igneous complex. Geochronologic samples were also collected from two dikes sampled for their paleomagnetism. We obtained U-Pb zircon ages of 526 ± 8 Ma for a lamprophyric extracomplex dike and 483 ± 2 Ma for a trachytic extracomplex dike. These ages suggest either multistage or protracted dike intrusion around the ca. 524 Ma McClure Mountain complex. Our paleomagnetic data are consistent with previously published results. Dikes of the complex primarily exhibit southeast and shallow paleomagnetic directions, with variable declinations. Results from several baked contact tests indicate that the magnetizations are secondary. A steeply inclined magnetization is pervasive and was acquired over a protracted interval from late Laramide time to the present day.
Randomised trial of estimating oral endotracheal tube insertion depth in newborns using suprasternal palpation of the tip or weight
Authors: Murphy Madeleine C , Donoghue Veronica B , O’Donnell Colm Patrick Finbarr 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundEndotracheal tube (ETT) tip position is determined on chest X-ray (CXR) and should lie between the upper border of the first thoracic vertebra (T1) and the lower border of second thoracic vertebra (T2). Infant weight is commonly used to estimate how far the ETT should be inserted but frequently results in malpositioned ETT tips. Palpation of the ETT tip at the suprasternal notch has been recommended as an alternative.ObjectiveTo determine whether estimating ETT insertion depth using suprasternal palpation of the ETT tip rather than weight results in more correctly positioned ETT tips.DesignSingle-centre randomised controlled trial.SettingLevel III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a university maternity hospital.PatientsNewborn infants without congenital anomalies intubated in the NICU.InterventionsParticipants were randomised to have ETT insertion depth estimated using palpation of the ETT tip at the suprasternal notch or weight [insertion depth (cm)=6 + wt (kg)].Main outcome measureCorrect ETT position, that is, between the upper border of T1 and lower border of T2 on CXR, determined by one consultant paediatric radiologist masked to group assignment.ResultsThere was no difference in the proportion of correctly placed ETT tips between the groups (suprasternal palpation 27/58 (47%) vs weight 23/60 (38%), p=0.456). Most incorrectly positioned ETTs were too low (56/68 (82%)).ConclusionEstimating ETT insertion depth using suprasternal palpation did not result in more correctly positioned ETTs.Trial registration numberISRCTN13570106.
Longitudinal ellipsoid zone and subretinal fluid mapping following ocriplasmin injection in the prospective observational ORBIT trial
Authors: Lavine Jeremy A , Srivastava Sunil K , Dukles Neeley , Reese Jamie L , Ehlers Justis P 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundOcriplasmin is approved for the treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT). However, several retrospective reports have identified ellipsoid zone (EZ) alterations on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) after ocriplasmin injection. This report quantitatively analysed outer retinal changes after intravitreal ocriplasmin.MethodsOcriplasmin Research to Better Inform Treatment is a prospective, observational phase IV clinical study where subjects received a single intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin for symptomatic VMT. Macular cube scans were imported into a semiautomated EZ mapping and fluid feature extraction software for SDOCT analysis. Change in visual acuity, VMT release, macular hole (MH) closure, EZ integrity/volume and subretinal fluid (SRF) volume on SDOCT macular cube scans were recorded and analysed.ResultsThis analysis included 55 participants with 6 months of follow-up. Intravitreal ocriplasmin injection caused VMT release in 67% and MH closure in 82% of participants. Visual acuity improved by 4.5 letters (p<0.05) in the whole cohort and by 6.0 letters (p<0.05) in participants with VMT release. EZ volume was reduced by 23.4% at week 1 (p<0.001) and recovered to baseline by between months 3 and 6. EZ volume loss at week 1 did not correlate with ETDRS acuity at final visit.ConclusionOcriplasmin treatment resulted in VMT release, MH closure and visual acuity gains in a significant portion of eyes. EZ volume was significantly reduced at week 1, but recovered to baseline levels by final follow-up and was not associated with final visual acuity.
Analysis of non-respondent pregnant women who were registered in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Kigawa Mika , Tsuchida Akiko , Miura Kayoko , Ito Mika , Tanaka Tomomi , Hamazaki Kei , Adachi Yuichi , Saito Shigeru , Origasa Hideki , Inadera Hidekuni 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesNon-response to questionnaires in a longitudinal study reduces the effective sample size and introduces bias. We identified the characteristics of non-respondent pregnant women, and compared them with respondents in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) during the gestational period.DesignThis was a questionnaire-based, longitudinal cohort study.SettingQuestionnaires were provided by research coordinators to mothers at prenatal examinations (at obstetrics clinics) or by mail. Mothers were measured twice: during the first trimester and during the second/third trimester.ParticipantsData were collected from the 10 129 participating mothers of the 10 288 children surveyed in the 2011 baseline JECS. We excluded responses from mothers who had a miscarriage or stillbirth; therefore, we analysed data from 9649 participants.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData concerning demographics, medical history, health characteristics, health-related behaviour and environmental exposure were collected via self-administered questionnaires. The response status of participants’ partners and contact with their obstetrician were also examined. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors related to non-response.ResultsResponse was associated with living with one’s mother-in-law (ORs: 0.47, 95% CIs: 0.24 to 0.85), positive participation of participants’ partner (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.35) and multiple visits to the obstetrician (OR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.03). Participants who had a medical history of allergic rhinitis, had body pain or drank alcohol had higher odds of responding (ORs: 0.68, 0.96 and 0.36, 95% CIs: 0.48 to 0.95 and 0.95 to 0.98 and 0.16 to 0.72, respectively); those exposed to secondary smoke had lower odds of responding (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.23).ConclusionsThe non-response rate decreased when participants reported health-related behaviour or characteristics. Obtaining the understanding of people around each participant might help increase response rates.
Developing the Network Pain Rehabilitation Limburg: a feasibility study protocol
Authors: Lamper Cynthia , Kroese Mariëlle , Köke Albère , Ruwaard Dirk , Verbunt Jeanine , Huijnen Ivan 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionPatients having chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) face challenges as mismatches often exist between the complexity of patient’s pain problem and the rehabilitation treatment offered. This can result in less efficient care for the patient and increased medical shopping. The Network Pain Rehabilitation Limburg (NPRL), a transmural integrated healthcare network, will be designed to improve daily care for patients with CMP. NPRL focusses on improving patient’s level of functioning despite pain by stimulating a biopsychosocial approach given by all involved healthcare professionals. A feasibility study will be performed which will give insight into the barriers and facilitators, perceived value, acceptability and implementation strategies for NPRL.Methods and analysisThis study has a three-phase iterative and incremental design, based on key principles of a user-centred design. Mixed methods will be used in which healthcare professionals and patients involved in NPRL will participate. In phase 1, NPRL will be developed and healthcare professionals educated. Phase 2 focusses on the implementation and phase 3 on the transferability of NPRL. In addition, preliminary data on patient’s work status, general health and participation level will be collected. The qualitative results of each phase will be analysed following the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and will be used to refine NPRL in daily practise.Ethics and disseminationInformed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results of this feasibility study will form the basis for refinement of NPRL and planning of a large-scale process and effect evaluation of the Quadruple Aim outcomes. Dissemination will include publications and presentations at national and international conferences. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Medical Ethics Committee Z, the Netherlands, METC 17 N-133.
The use of brain functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the mechanism of action of gabapentin in managing chronic pelvic pain in women: a pilot study
Authors: Seretny Marta , Murray Sarah Rose , Whitaker Lucy , Murnane Jonathan , Whalley Heather , Pernet Cyril , Horne Andrew W 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo inform feasibility and design of a future randomised controlled trial (RCT) using brain functional MRI (fMRI) to determine the mechanism of action of gabapentin in managing chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women.DesignMechanistic study embedded in pilot RCT.SettingUniversity Hospital.ParticipantsTwelve women (18–50 years) with CPP and no pelvic pathology (follow-up completed March 2014).InterventionOral gabapentin (300–2700 mg) or matched placebo.Outcome measuresAfter 12 weeks of treatment, participants underwent fMRI of the brain (Verio Siemens 3T MRI) during which noxious heat and punctate stimuli were delivered to the pelvis and arm. Outcome measures included pain (visual analogue scale), blood oxygen level dependent signal change and a semi-structured acceptability questionnaire at study completion prior to unblinding.ResultsFull datasets were obtained for 11 participants. Following noxious heat to the abdomen, the gabapentin group (GG) had lower pain scores (Mean: 3.8 [SD 2.2]) than the placebo group (PG) (Mean: 5.8 [SD 0.9]). This was also the case for noxious heat to the arm with the GG having lower pain scores (Mean: 2.6 [SD 2.5]) than the PG (Mean: 6.2 [SD 1.1]). Seven out of 12 participants completed the acceptability questionnaire. 71% (five out of seven) described their participation in the fMRI study as positive; the remaining two rated it as a negative experience.ConclusionsIncorporating brain fMRI in a future RCT to determine the mechanism of action of gabapentin in managing CPP in women was feasible and acceptable to most women.Trial registration numberISRCTN70960777.
Diarrhoea: interventions, consequences and epidemiology in the intensive care unit (DICE-ICU): a protocol for a prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Dionne Joanna C , Sullivan Kristen , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Takaoka Alyson , Duan Erick Huaileigh , Alhazzani Waleed , Devlin John W , Duprey Matthew , Moayyedi Paul , Armstrong David , Thabane Lehana , Tsang Jennifer L Y , Jaeschke Roman , Hamielec Cindy , Karachi Tim , Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo , Muscedere John , Alshahrani Mohammed Saeed Saad , Cook Deborah J 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionDiarrhoea is a frequent concern in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, increased length of ICU stay, skin breakdown and renal dysfunction. However, its prevalence, aetiology and prognosis in the critically ill have been poorly studied. The primary objectives of this study are to determine the incidence, risk factors and consequences of diarrhoea in critically ill adults. The secondary objectives are to estimate the incidence ofClostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) in ICU patients and to validate the Bristol Stool Chart and Bliss Stool Classification System characterising bowel movements in the ICU. Our primary outcome is the incidence of diarrhoea . Our secondary outcomes include: CDAD, ICU and hospital mortality and ICU and hospital length of stay.Methods and analysisThis international prospective cohort study will enrol patients over 10 weeks in 12 ICUs in Canada, the USA, Poland and Saudi Arabia. We will include all patients 18 years of age and older who are admitted to the ICU for at least 24 hours and follow them daily until ICU discharge. Our primary outcome is the incidence of diarrhoea based on the WHO definition, during the ICU stay. Our secondary outcomes include: CDAD, ICU and hospital mortality and ICU and hospital length of stay. We will use logistic regression to identify factors associated with diarrhoea (as defined using WHO criteria) and the kappa statistic to measure agreement on diarrhoea rates between the WHO definition and the Bristol Stool Chart and Bliss Stool Classification System.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the research ethics board of all participating centres. The diarrhoea interventions, consequences and epidemiology in the intensive care unit (DICE-ICU) study will generate evidence about diarrhoea and its frequency, predisposing factors and consequences, to inform critical care practice and future research.Lay summaryDiarrhoea is a frequent clinical problem for hospitalised patients including those who are critically ill in the ICU. Diarrhoea can cause complications such as skin damage, dehydration and kidney problems. It is not clear how common diarrhoea is in the ICU, the factors that cause it or the best way for clinicians to assess it. The DICE-ICU study is an international prospective observational study to examine the frequency, risk factors and outcomes of diarrhoea during critical illness.
Cancer Clinical Investigators Should Converge with Pharmacometricians
Authors: Maitland Michael L. , O'Cearbhaill Roisin E. , Gobburu Jogarao 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The applied quantitative science pharmacometrics has significantly enhanced cancer therapeutics development. Pharmacometrics is now improving our understanding of complex diagnostics. Through the concept of convergence and methods of quantitative and systems pharmacology, pharmacometrics is poised to interconnect mathematical models of disease and therapy to advance cancer care.
See related article by Colomban et al., p. 5342
Histological Clot Composition Is Associated With Preinterventional Clot Migration in Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Sporns Peter B. , Jeibmann Astrid , Minnerup Jens , Broocks Gabriel , Nawabi Jawed , Schön Gerhard , Fiehler Jens , Wildgruber Moritz , Heindel Walter , Kemmling André , Hanning Uta 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
The introduction of stent retrievers allows for a complete extraction and histological analysis of human clots. Initial studies describe an impact of preinterventional clot migration on technical and clinical success of thrombectomy and an association with worse clinical outcome. We, therefore, performed a large study of consecutive patients whose clots have been histologically analyzed and tried to determine whether clot composition influences the rates of clot migration and thereby interventional and clinical outcome.

Methods—
We retrospectively evaluated data of a prospectively collected cohort of 198 consecutive patients with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. We investigated the relationship between clot histology expressed as percentage of the main components (fibrin, erythrocytes [red blood cell], and white blood cells), the preinterventional computed tomography attenuation of the emboli, embolus length, and clot migration. We defined a binary outcome (clot migration versus no clot migration). The impact of embolus composition and computed tomography features was assessed in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results—

One hundred sixty-three patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 36 (22.1%) showed a clot migration. Patients with proven clot migration had significantly higher levels of red blood cells than patients without clot migration (median 50% versus 26%,
P
<0.001). Lower amounts of fibrin were significantly more often observed in patients in the clot migration group as compared to the no clot migration group (43.5% versus 62.0%,
P
<0.001). Stroke cause did not differ between migrated and stable emboli. Multivariable analysis identified a higher amount of erythrocytes (adjusted odds ratio, 1.03 per median percentage,
P
<0.001) and a shorter embolus length (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90 per mm,
P
<0.008) as independent predictors of clot migration.

Conclusions—
Erythrocyte-rich clots and a shorter embolus length are independent reliable predictors for clot migration. This finding is clinically important as clot migration might have a negative impact on technical and clinical outcomes of patients suffering from emergent vessel occlusions of the middle cerebral artery undergoing endovascular therapy.
A review of the genus Genyocerus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae), with new synonyms and keys to species
Authors: BEAVER R. A. , LIU L.-Y. 
Published: June 2019

The Oriental genus Genyocerus Motschulsky is reviewed and distinguished from the closely related genus Diapus Chapuis. The following new synonyms are proposed: Genyocerus biporus Schedl (=Diacavus intermedius Browne); Genyocerus diaphanus (Schedl) (= Diacavus abdominalis Schedl, =Diacavus philippinensis Schedl, = Diacavus sexporus Schedl); Genyocerus frontalis (Strohmeyer) (= Diacavus longicollis Browne); Genyocerus multiporus (Schedl) (= Diacavus decemspinatus Schedl); Genyocerus pendleburyi (Schedl) (= Diapus albipennis Strohmeyer nec Motschulsky, = Genyocerus strohmeyeri Wood); Genyocerus puer (Schedl) (= Genyocerus puer trispinatus (Browne); Genyocerus quadriporus (Schedl) (= Diacavus compactus Schedl, = Diacavus compactus dubiosus Schedl,= Diacavus quadridens Browne, =Diacavus quadrifoveolatus Schedl); Genyocerus talurae (Stebbing) (= Genyocerus dipterocarpi Browne). Keys are provided to males and females. The previously unknown females of G. borneensis (Schedl) and G. frontalis are described. The species are almost entirely restricted in their hosts to trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae.
Variability of the Cold Season Climate in Central Asia. Part II: Hydroclimatic Predictability
Authors: Gerlitz Lars , Steirou Eva , Schneider Christoph , Moron Vincent , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Merz Bruno 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Central Asia (CA) is subjected to a large variability of precipitation. This study presents a statistical model, relating precipitation anomalies in three subregions of CA in the cold season (November–March) with various predictors in the preceding October. Promising forecast skill is achieved for two subregions covering 1) Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and southern Kazakhstan and 2) Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. ENSO in October is identified as the major predictor. Eurasian snow cover and the quasi-biennial oscillation further improve the forecast performance. To understand the physical mechanisms, an analysis of teleconnections between these predictors and the wintertime circulation over CA is conducted. The correlation analysis of predictors and large-scale circulation indices suggests a seasonal persistence of tropical circulation modes and a dynamical forcing of the westerly circulation by snow cover variations over Eurasia. An EOF analysis of pressure and humidity patterns allows separating the circulation variability over CA into westerly and tropical modes and confirms that the identified predictors affect the respective circulation characteristics. Based on the previously established weather type classification for CA, the predictors are investigated with regard to their effect on the regional circulation. The results suggest a modification of the Hadley cell due to ENSO variations, with enhanced moisture supply from the Arabian Gulf during El Niño. They further indicate an influence of Eurasian snow cover on the wintertime Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Northern Hemispheric Rossby wave tracks. Positive anomalies favor weather types associated with dry conditions, while negative anomalies promote the formation of a quasi-stationary trough over CA, which typically occurs during positive AO conditions.