bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vision corrections used by presbyopic orienteers
Authors: Latham Keziah , Abbott Louis P. H. , Timmis Matthew A. 
Published: October 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
Evaluating the visual challenges and refractive correction solutions of presbyopic orienteers identifies features of relevance to optometric management of the visual needs of active presbyopes.

PURPOSE
Orienteering is a unique sport requiring visual clarity at a range of viewing distances and has a high proportion of presbyopic participants. This study evaluates the vision corrections used by presbyopic orienteers, specifically aiming to characterize the prevalence of different vision correction options used and to explore the strengths and limitations of different vision correction solutions.

METHODS
Orienteers 40 years or older completed an online questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions covering personal demographics, orienteering participation, and visual corrections worn in everyday life and for orienteering. Free-text questions asked for further information about the corrections used and advice received from eye care practitioners were analyzed using content analysis.

RESULTS
There were 469 respondents (195 women, 274 men; median age category, 55 to 59 years). For the 187 people without distance refractive correction, the most frequent corrections for orienteering were “off the shelf” reading spectacles (n = 95) or use of a compass magnifier (n = 24), and for the 277 people with distance refractive correction, they were progressive addition spectacles (n = 96) and monovision contact lenses (n = 63). The main visual challenges faced by orienteers were seeing map detail, lens obstruction from fogging and rain, and difficulty orienteering in low light in the daytime. An ideal correction needed to provide visual clarity for both map and terrain. No visual correction type consistently addressed all challenges. Orienteers valued personalized discussion with eye care practitioners to address their needs.

CONCLUSIONS
Optimal visual corrections for presbyopic orienteers are individual, but higher reading additions to clarify map detail, contact lenses to avoid lens obstruction, additional light, and solutions that provide clear vision at all viewing distances while avoiding the reading add blurring the ground at the orienteer's feet should be considered. Personalized care is necessary to optimize visual correction solutions.
At-home Administration of Opioid Analgesia in Children After Reduction of Forearm Fracture
Authors: Stein Ariel B. , Lammers Shea M. , Ortega Henry W. , Reid Samuel R. 
Published: October 2024

Objective
Controversy exists surrounding which agents best provide analgesia in children with fractures. Prior studies have demonstrated that ED visits for fracture-related pain have the highest rates of opioid prescribing. Studies have also found that NSAIDs are equivalent at controlling acute fracture-related pain. In a time when one must balance the risk of inadequate pain control with potential opioid misuse, providers have little data to guide them in terms of the best recommendations for adequate pain control at home.

Methods
This prospective observational study investigates parental pain management practices after ED discharge for children who underwent a forearm fracture reduction. Surveys filled out by parents were used to gather data on the proportion of children discharged with an opioid prescription, the number of doses of opioid that were administered after discharge, and parental satisfaction with their child's pain control.

Results
We analyzed data for 61 patients who completed the postdischarge survey. Of these, 62% received a prescription for oxycodone at discharge, and 50% used at least 1 dose of oxycodone at home. The median number of doses administered at home, 1.5 (IQR, 0–3), was significantly lower than the number of doses of oxycodone prescribed, 10 (IQR, 5–12) (P < 0.001). Parents reported a high level of satisfaction with the medications received at discharge with nearly all ranging between 4 (satisfied) and 5 (very satisfied) (median, 5; IQR, 4–5). No significant difference was detected in the satisfaction between families who received a prescription for oxycodone at discharge (median, 5; IQR, 4–5) and those who did not (median, 5; IQR, 4–5) (P = 0.28).

Conclusions
We observed a large range in the number of doses of oxycodone prescribed at discharge and a significant difference between the number of doses being prescribed and those being used by families. A prescription of 2 doses of oxycodone would be sufficient to treat postreduction pain in the majority of children.
Finesse in Primary Open Rhinoplasty
Authors: Rohrich Rod J. , Chiodo Michael V. , Lisiecki Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2024

Summary:
Rhinoplasty remains one of the most technically demanding operations in plastic surgery, and it continues to be one of the top 5 aesthetic surgical procedures performed. The focus of this article is open rhinoplasty, the central focus of the practice of the senior author (R.J.R.) over the past 3 decades. The authors provide a step-by-step video guide to the typical sequence of the senior author’s technique.
Update on Management of Scaphoid Fractures
Authors: Pickrell Brent B. , Dowlatshahi Arriyan S. , Kim Peter S. 
Published: October 2024

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Accurately diagnose scaphoid fractures through examination and appropriate imaging selection. 2. Recognize those fractures that can be treated with nonoperative management. 3. Outline the different surgical approaches for scaphoid fractures. 4. Appreciate the surgical options for management of scaphoid nonunion.

Summary:
This article includes the most up-to-date information on the diagnosis, work-up, and treatment of scaphoid fractures.
Tracer-Separator
Authors: Sanaat Amirhossein , Hu Yiyi , Boccalini Cecilia , Salimi Yazdan , Mansouri Zahra , Teixeira Eliluane Pirazzo Andrade , Mathoux Gregory , Garibotto Valentina , Zaidi Habib 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Multiplexed PET imaging revolutionized clinical decision-making by simultaneously capturing various radiotracer data in a single scan, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and patient comfort. Through a transformer-based deep learning, this study underscores the potential of advanced imaging techniques to streamline diagnosis and improve patient outcomes.

Patients and Methods
The research cohort consisted of 120 patients spanning from cognitively unimpaired individuals to those with mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and other mental disorders. Patients underwent various imaging assessments, including 3D T1-weighted MRI, amyloid PET scans using either 18F-florbetapir (FBP) or 18F-flutemetamol (FMM), and 18F-FDG PET. Summed images of FMM/FBP and FDG were used as proxy for simultaneous scanning of 2 different tracers. A SwinUNETR model, a convolution-free transformer architecture, was trained for image translation. The model was trained using mean square error loss function and 5-fold cross-validation. Visual evaluation involved assessing image similarity and amyloid status, comparing synthesized images with actual ones. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the significance of differences.

Results
Visual inspection of synthesized images revealed remarkable similarity to reference images across various clinical statuses. The mean centiloid bias for dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy control subjects and for FBP tracers is 15.70 ± 29.78, 0.35 ± 33.68, and 6.52 ± 25.19, respectively, whereas for FMM, it is −6.85 ± 25.02, 4.23 ± 23.78, and 5.71 ± 21.72, respectively. Clinical evaluation by 2 readers further confirmed the model's efficiency, with 97 FBP/FMM and 63 FDG synthesized images (from 120 subjects) found similar to ground truth diagnoses (rank 3), whereas 3 FBP/FMM and 15 FDG synthesized images were considered nonsimilar (rank 1). Promising sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were achieved in amyloid status assessment based on synthesized images, with an average sensitivity of 95 ± 2.5, specificity of 72.5 ± 12.5, and accuracy of 87.5 ± 2.5. Error distribution analyses provided valuable insights into error levels across brain regions, with most falling between −0.1 and +0.2 SUV ratio. Correlation analyses demonstrated strong associations between actual and synthesized images, particularly for FMM images (FBP: Y = 0.72X + 20.95, R
2 = 0.54; FMM: Y = 0.65X + 22.77, R
2 = 0.77).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the potential of a novel convolution-free transformer architecture, SwinUNETR, for synthesizing realistic FDG and FBP/FMM images from summation scans mimicking simultaneous dual-tracer imaging.
Assessing Artificial Intelligence in Oral Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Veeraraghavan Vishnu P. , Minervini Giuseppe , Russo Diana , Cicciù Marco , Ronsivalle Vincenzo 
Published: October 2024

Background:
With the use of machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a viable diagnostic and treatment tool for oral cancer. AI can assess a variety of information, including histopathology slides and intraoral pictures.

Aim:
The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of AI technology in the detection and diagnosis of oral cancer between 2020 and 2024.

Methodology:
With an emphasis on AI applications in oral cancer diagnostics, a thorough search approach was used to find pertinent publications published between 2020 and 2024. Using particular keywords associated with AI, oral cancer, and diagnostic imaging, databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Among the selection criteria were actual English-language research papers that assessed the effectiveness of AI models in diagnosing oral cancer. Three impartial reviewers extracted data, evaluated quality, and compiled the findings using a narrative synthesis technique.

Results:
Twelve papers that demonstrated a range of AI applications in the diagnosis of oral cancer satisfied the inclusion criteria. This study showed encouraging results in lesion identification and prognostic prediction using machine learning and deep learning algorithms to evaluate oral pictures and histopathology slides. The results demonstrated how AI-driven technologies might enhance diagnostic precision and enable early intervention in cases of oral cancer.

Conclusion:
Unprecedented prospects to transform oral cancer diagnosis and detection are provided by artificial intelligence. More resilient AI systems in oral oncology can be achieved by joint research and innovation efforts, even in the face of constraints like data set variability and regulatory concerns.
Evaluating the Value of Eye-Tracking Augmented Debriefing in Medical Simulation—A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Braund Heather , Hall Andrew K. , Caners Kyla , Walker Melanie , Dagnone Damon , Sherbino Jonathan , Sibbald Matthew , Wang Bingxian , Howes Daniel , Day Andrew G. , Wu William , Szulewski Adam 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Debriefing after simulation facilitates reflective thinking and learning. Eye-tracking augmented debriefing (ETAD) may provide advantages over traditional debriefing (TD) by leveraging video replay with first-person perspective. This multisite randomized controlled trial compared the impact of ETAD with TD (without eye-tracking and without video) after simulation on 4 outcomes: (1) resident metacognitive awareness (the primary outcome), (2) cognitive load (CL) of residents and debriefers, (3) alignment of resident self-assessment and debriefer assessment scores, and (4) resident and debriefer perceptions of the debriefing experience.

Method
Fifty-four emergency medicine residents from 2 institutions were randomized to the experimental (ETAD) or the control (TD) arm. Residents completed 2 simulation stations followed by debriefing. Before station 1 and after station 2, residents completed a Metacognition Awareness Inventory (MAI). After each station, debriefers and residents rated their CL and completed an assessment of performance. After the stations, residents were interviewed and debriefers participated in a focus group.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences in mean MAI change, resident CL, or assessment alignment between residents and debriefers. Debriefer CL was lower in the experimental arm. Interviews identified 4 themes: (1) reflections related to debriefing approach, (2) eye-tracking as a metacognitive sensitizer, (3) translation of metacognition to practice, and (4) ETAD as a strategy to manage CL. Residents reported that eye tracking improved the specificity of feedback. Debriefers relied less on notes, leveraged video timestamps, appreciated the structure of the eye-tracking video, and found the video useful when debriefing poor performers.

Conclusions
There were no significant quantitative differences in MAI or resident CL scores; qualitative findings suggest that residents appreciated the benefits of the eye-tracking video review. Debriefers expended less CL and reported less perceived mental effort with the new technology. Future research should leverage longitudinal experimental designs to further understand the impact of eye-tracking facilitated debriefing.
Update on management of cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Rosa Sara , Fragata Isabel , Aguiar de Sousa Diana 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
This review intends to systematize the diagnostic and treatment approach to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), highlighting key studies that have been recently published.

Recent findings
In light of the recent pandemic, new risk factors for CVT have emerged. Contrast-enhanced MRI and susceptibility-weighted imaging have been shown to offer increased sensitivity for detecting cortical vein thrombosis.
Dabigatran seems to be as effective and well tolerated as warfarin for long-term anticoagulation. Partial venous recanalization often occurs in patients treated with anticoagulation only, as early as 8 days after treatment onset. For patients with CVT and impending brain herniation, two-thirds of those who undergo decompressive craniectomy survive, with one-third being functionally independent 6 months after diagnosis.

Summary
CVT is an unusual type of cerebrovascular disease that mostly affects women of fertile age. Risk factors should be identified and addressed. Diagnosis relies on confirmation of venous sinus and/or vein thrombosis, usually by CT venography or MRI. Anticoagulation is the cornerstone of treatment. Despite the lack of high-quality evidence, endovascular treatment is often considered in severe cases. Special populations require tailored approaches. About 80% achieve mRS 0-1, but residual symptoms often affect quality of life and the ability to return to work.
Prediction of stroke-associated pneumonia risk in stroke patients based on interpretable machine learning
Authors: Li Chunbiao , Wang Ting , Yuan Juan , Yuan Linli , You Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundStroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is a frequent complication of stroke, characterized by its high incidence rate, and it can have a severe impact on the prognosis of patients. The limitations of current clinical treatment measures underscore the critical need to identify high-risk factors promptly to decrease the incidence of SAP.ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors of SAP in stroke patients, construct a predictive model of SAP based on the SHAP interpretable machine learning method, and explain the important variables.MethodsA total of 763 stroke patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 1, 2023, to May 31, 2024, were selected and randomly divided into the model training set (n=457) and model validation set (n=306) according to the ratio of 6:4. Firstly, the included data were sorted out, and then Lasso regression was used to screen the included characteristic variables. Based on the tidymodels framework, Using decision tree (DT), logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector machine (SVM), The classification model was constructed by five machine learning methods, including SVM and LightGBM. The grid search and 5-fold cross validation were used to optimize the hyperparameter optimization strategy and the performance index of the model. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA), and we used Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) to account for the model predictions and provide interpretable insights.ResultsThe incidence of SAP in this study was 31.72% (242/763). Six variables were selected by Lasso regression, including nasogastric tube use, age, ADL score, Alb, Hs-CRP, and Hb. The model with the best performance in the validation set was the XGBoost model, with an AUC of 0.926, an accuracy of 0.914, and an F1 score of 0.889. Its calibration curve and DCA showed good performance. SHAP algorithm showed that ADL score ranked first in importance.ConclusionThe model constructed using XGBoost has good prediction performance and clinical applicability, which is expected to support clinical decision-making and improve the prognosis of patients.
Proposal for a Ramsey Neutron-Beam Experiment to Search for Ultralight Axion Dark Matter at the European Spallation Source
Authors: Fierlinger P. , Holl M. , Milstead D. , Santoro V. , Snow W. M. , Stadnik Y. V. 
Published: October 2024

High-intensity neutron beams, such as those available at the European Spallation Source (ESS), provide new opportunities for fundamental discoveries. Here, we discuss a novel Ramsey neutron-beam experiment to search for ultralight axion dark matter through its coupling to neutron spins, which would cause the neutron spins to rotate about the velocity of the neutrons relative to the dark matter halo. We estimate that experiments at the HIBEAM beamline with a 50 m free flight path at the ESS can improve the sensitivity to the axion-neutron coupling compared to the current best laboratory limits by up to 2–3 orders of magnitude over the axion mass range 10−22  eV–10−16  eV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
QCD Predictions for Meson Electromagnetic Form Factors at High Momenta: Testing Factorization in Exclusive Processes
Authors: Ding Heng-Tong , Gao Xiang , Hanlon Andrew D. , Mukherjee Swagato , Petreczky Peter , Shi Qi , Syritsyn Sergey , Zhang Rui , Zhao Yong 
Published: October 2024

We report the first lattice QCD computation of pion and kaon electromagnetic form factors, FM(Q2), at large momentum transfer up to 10 and 28  GeV2, respectively. Utilizing physical masses and two fine lattices, we achieve good agreement with JLab experimental results at Q2≲4  GeV2. For Q2≳4  GeV2, our results provide QCD benchmarks for the forthcoming experiments at JLab 12 GeV and future electron-ion colliders. We also test the QCD collinear factorization framework utilizing our high-Q2 form factors at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbation theory, which relates the form factors to the leading Fock-state meson distribution amplitudes. Comparisons with independent lattice QCD calculations using the same framework demonstrate, within estimated uncertainties, the universality of these nonperturbative quantities.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Anomalous Subkelvin Thermal Frequency Shifts of Ultranarrow Linewidth Solid State Emitters
Authors: Lin X. , Hartman M. T. , Pointard B. , Le Targat R. , Goldner P. , Seidelin S. , Fang B. , Le Coq Y. 
Published: October 2024

We investigate the frequency response of narrow spectral holes in a doped crystal structure as a function of temperature below 1 K. We identify a particular regime in which this response significantly deviates from the expected two-phonon Raman scattering theory. Namely, near 290 mK, we observed a behavior exhibiting a temperature-dependent frequency shift of zero to first order. This is of particular interest for applications that require high frequency stability, such as laser frequency stabilization, as by operating the scheme at this specific point would result in the spectral hole frequency being highly immune to temperature fluctuations, providing the potential for a laser fractional frequency instability as low as ∼2×10−22 at 1 s.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Superluminal matter waves
Authors: Palastro J. P. , Ramsey D. , Formanek M. , Vieira J. , Di Piazza A. 
Published: October 2024

The Dirac equation has resided among the greatest successes of modern physics since its emergence as the first quantum mechanical theory fully compatible with special relativity. This compatibility ensures that the expectation value of the velocity is less than the vacuum speed of light. Here, we show that the Dirac equation admits free-particle solutions where the peak amplitude of the wave function can travel at any velocity, including those exceeding the vacuum speed of light, despite having a subluminal velocity expectation value. The solutions are constructed by superposing basis functions with correlations in momentum space. These arbitrary velocity wave functions feature a near-constant profile and may impact quantum mechanical processes that are sensitive to the local value of the probability density as opposed to expectation values.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Investigating factors influencing AI customer service adoption: an integrated model of stimulus–organism–response (SOR) and task-technology fit (TTF) theory
Authors: Vafaei-Zadeh Ali , Nikbin Davoud , Wong Shin Ling , Hanifah Haniruzila 
Published: October 2024

PurposeArtificial intelligence (AI) customer service has grown rapidly in recent years due to the emergence of COVID-19 and the growth of the e-commerce industry. Therefore, this study employs the integration of the stimuli–organism–response (SOR) and the task-technology fit (TTF) frameworks to understand the factors that affect individuals’ intentions towards AI customer service adoption in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilised a survey-based research approach to investigate the factors that affect individuals’ intentions towards AI customer service adoption in Malaysia. The data were collected by conducting an online survey targeting individuals aged 18 or above who had prior customer service interaction experience with human service agents but had not yet adopted AI customer service. A sample of 339 respondents was used to evaluate the hypotheses, adopting partial least squares structural equation modelling as a symmetric analytic technique.FindingsThe PLS-SEM analysis revealed that social influence and anthropomorphism have a positive direct relationship with emotional trust. Furthermore, communicative competence, technology characteristics and perceived intelligence were positively correlated with TTF. Moreover, emotional trust significantly impacts AI customer service adoption. In addition, AI readiness positively moderates the association between task technology fit and AI customer service adoption.Practical implicationsThe study provides insights to individuals, organisations, the government and educational institutions to improve the features of AI customer service and its development in Malaysia.Originality/valueThe originality of this study is found in its adoption of the SOR theory and TTF to understand the factors affecting AI customer service adoption. Additionally, it incorporates moderating variables during the analysis, adding depth to the findings. This approach introduces a new perspective on the factors that impact the adoption of AI customer service and offers valuable insights for practitioners seeking to formulate effective strategies to promote its adoption.