bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption d'Hg(II) en solution aqueuse par le laitier des hauts fourneaux
Authors: Aziz Abdellah , Iddou Abdelkader , Ouali Mohand Said 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
L'élimination du mercure en solution aqueuse par le laitier des hauts fourneaux a été étudiée en système statique. L'influence de plusieurs paramètres, tels que la concentration initiale, la masse du matériau et sa granulométrie, et le temps de contact, a été mise en évidence. Il a été établi que l'élimination dépend de la concentration initiale du sorbat et de celle du sorbant. Les expériences ont été menées à pH 4 et selon les conditions opératoires, des taux d'élimination de 84 et 54 p. 100 ont été enregistrés pour les granulométries de 250 et 500 µm respectivement pour une masse de 0,5 g de sorbant. L'équilibre sorbant/sorbat a été bien décrit par le modèle cinétique du pseudo-second ordre et par le modèle d'adsorption de Langmuir. La capacité d'adsorption maximale du matériau, selon Langmuir, est de 87,72 µg/g. Selon les résultats obtenus, le laitier des hauts fourneaux peut constituer un support efficace pour l'élimination du mercure des eaux usées industrielles.
Utilisation de dérayures de cuir tanné au chrome pour la décontamination des eaux polluées par les colorants et les huiles
Authors: Gammoun Amal , Tahiri Soufiane , Albizane Abderrahman , Bouhria Mohammed , Azzi Mohammed , de la Guardia Miguel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Les dérayures du cuir ont montré une grande capacité d'adsorption des colorants organiques directs. La capacité maximale de rétention est de 333,3 mg/g et de 312,5 mg/g respectivement pour les colorants DR75 et DR80. Un pH acide et une température de l'ordre de 50°C sont favorables à la décoloration. Les essais ont révélé la faisabilité de la décontamination d'un rejet de textile par les dérayures. Le taux d'épuration peut dépasser 90 p.100 dans des conditions précises de pH et de température. Les dérayures brutes et saturées par le colorant DR80 ont montré également une grande capacité d'absorption des huiles (5 à 6,5 g/g). En milieu aqueux, ces déchets fibreux réagissent fortement et instantanément avec les taches d'huile. La capacité des dérayures à éliminer les huiles de l'eau est supérieure à 96 p.100. Un simple écumage permet l'évacuation du polluant absorbé sans attente. Après le traitement, la surface de l'eau devient pratiquement propre.
Assessing Fish Community Structure in Relation to Water Quality in a Small Estuarine Stream Receiving Oil Refinery Effluent
Authors: Vallières Geneviève , Munkittrick Kelly R. , MacLatchy Deborah L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A large oil refinery discharges its effluent into Little River, a small estuarine stream entering Saint John Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada. An effects-based approach was used to assess the potential responses of fish and fish habitat to the effluent from the oil refinery. The study included a fish community survey and a water quality survey. Lower abundance, species richness, and biodiversity, as well as increased frequency of empty minnow traps, were found downstream of the effluent discharge. Water quality surveys demonstrated that the receiving environment is subjected to extended periods of low dissolved oxygen levels downstream of the effluent discharge. The anoxic periods correlated with the discharge of ballast water through the waste treatment system.
Road Salt Influence on Pollutant Releases from Melting Urban Snow
Authors: Reinosdotter Karin , Viklander Maria 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A snow-melting experiment was performed to study the effects of road salt on the melting of urban snow from a snow windrow (pile) along a road in central Luleå, Sweden. Two snow piles were formed in the laboratory, with and without road salt added, and melted under similar conditions. All meltwater was collected and analyzed. The purpose of the experiment was to study the influence of the use of de-icing salt on meltwater quality and the release of pollutants from urban snow. The study indicated that the use of road salt may increase the dissolved metal phase in the urban snow meltwater. Also, the salt seems to have the largest effect at the beginning of the melting period when chloride is leaving the snow pile. Of total chloride, 90% was transported with the first 20% of the meltwater. Concentrations of the particulate-bound metals showed a fairly constant rate of release at the start of melt, but increased rapidly towards the end of the melting period, and this was more pronounced in the case of snow containing high chloride concentrations. Overall, a larger transport of solids was found for the pile with salt due to faster melting. Significantly larger masses of suspended solids and two heavy metals (Cu and Zn) were released with the meltwater from the pile with salt in comparison with the no-salt pile. The rest of the suspended solids and heavy metals stayed in the solid residue remaining at the end of the experiment.
Immunomodulation in Blue Mussels (Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus) Exposed to Municipal Effluent in Eastern Canada
Authors: Coray Camille , St.-Jean Sylvie D. , Bard Shannon Mala 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The effects on the immune response of the mussels Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus from of life-time exposure to marine pollution found in an industrial shipping port with a military history (Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada) were investigated. Parameters measured included phagocytic activity, cellular production of hydrogen peroxide, number of circulating haemocytes, and cellular viability. Mussels sampled within Halifax Harbour had significantly reduced phagocytic activity and significantly reduced production of hydrogen peroxide in comparison with mussels sampled from a reference site outside of Halifax Harbour, indicating that pollution induced immunomodulation. No significant differences were found in number of circulating haemocytes or in cellular viability between mussels sampled within Halifax Harbour and mussels sampled outside Halifax Harbour. Results are discussed in terms of using a multi-assay approach for monitoring environmental pollution.
Evaluation of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) for Southern Ontario: Part I. Sensitivity Analysis, Calibration, and Validation
Authors: Ahmed Imran , Rudra Ramesh , McKague Kevin , Gharabaghi Bahram , Ogilvie John 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study focuses on the performance of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) for corn production in southern Ontario. The model was used to simulate the amount of subsurface tile drainage, residual soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), NO3-N in subsurface drainage water, and crop yield. A precalibration sensitivity analysis of the model was conducted for several key parameters using field data collected at the study site. The RZWQM's hydrology component was most sensitive to the Brooks and Corey fitting parameters and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), while the tile drain flow and the water table depth were sensitive to the Brooks and Corey fitting parameters of bubbling pressure (ψbp) and pore-size-distribution index (λ). The fraction of dead-end pores had relatively little effect on tile drain N loss. The crop yield is most affected by N uptake, age, and evapotranspiration rate. RZWQM simulated evapotranspiration was within the range (568 ± 55 mm) of the observed evapotranspiration. The model simulated corn yield very well (-0.1% difference) at the calibration site; however, it underestimated yield (-14.1%) at the validation site. Overall, the RZWQM simulated tile drain flow, NO3-N loss to tile drainage water, and crop yield with reasonable accuracy, but tended to underestimate the amount of soil NO3-N (mean deviation, -0.971). The inability of the model to handle the spatial and temporal variability of the soil may have affected its prediction accuracy. The model also needs improvement in simulating early spring snowmelt hydrology.
Comparison of Shredded Tire Chips and Tire Crumbs as Packing Media in Trickling Filters
Authors: Mondal Bibek , Warith Mustafa A. , Burns Stephen D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A five stage study was conducted using two trickling filters, one with shredded tire chips (12 to 50 mm) and the other with tire crumbs (1.5 to 6.5 mm) as packing media, and both landfill leachate and synthetically prepared leachate, to evaluate treatment performance. Due to increased surface area and sorption capacity, compared with other materials, a thick layer of biomass developed over the surface of tire chips and crumbs and sloughed off after approximately 21 days. Biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia nitrogen removal were in the range of 81 to 96%, 76 to 90%, and 15 to 68%, respectively, under stable conditions. Organic removal and total dissolved solids reduction from the leachate were well correlated, with the exception of when biomass sloughing caused an increase in the organic content. The trickling filter with tire crumb media exhibited a more consistent organic removal throughout the experimental program. Tire chips, being readily available, could be a better alternative to crushed stone or gravel as a packing media in trickling filters. Tire crumbs appeared to be promising for small scale treatment systems.
Bench-Scale Disinfection of Bacteria and Viruses with Pulsed Arc Electrohydraulic Discharge
Authors: Lee Lawrence H. , Arnold Adam J. , Santillan Cutberto A. , Emelko Monica B. , Dickson Sarah E. , Chang Jen-Shih 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharge (PAED) offers concurrent treatment of chemical and microbial target compounds in water by several mechanisms. Here, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis spore, and MS2 bacteriophage inactivation by PAED were investigated using two bench-scale reactors (0.7 and 3 L). A plasma channel was created between a pair of iron electrodes set 0.5 mm apart in these reactors. Pulsed applied voltage was supplied at approximately 0.3 kJ/pulse (~100 µsec). In the 0.7-L reactor, median E. coli, B. subtilis, and MS2 reductions of 2.4-, 4.6-, and 3.7-log, respectively, were observed after approximately 80 seconds of treatment in water with a conductivity of 14.7 mS; reductions of 2.8-, 4.0-, and 3.7-log, respectively, were observed in treated drinking water filter effluent (conductivity of 610 µS). In the 3-L reactor, at a conductivity of 500 to 600 µS, 1.9- and approximately 0.9-log median reductions of E. coli and B. subtilis were achieved after 500 pulses (~3,300 sec); and, at a conductivity of 4.3 mS, median E. coli reductions of 0.5-log were achieved after 50 pulses (400 sec). Further work is necessary to elucidate the primary mechanism(s) of disinfection acting in the PAED system and how they relate to the reactor design, applied power requirements, and disinfection of specific target microorganisms.
Distinguishing the Hydrochemistry of Two Hydrological Basins in Northern Mexico Using Factor Analysis
Authors: Méndez-Rodriguez Lia C. , Gardner Susan C. , Brito-Castillo Luis , Acosta-Vargas Baudilio , Wurl Jobst , Alvarez-Castañeda Sergio T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Hydrochemical parameters of groundwater from two hydrological basins in northwestern Mexico were measured. In one of them is located the city of Puerto Peñasco, and in the other one is the city of El Rosarito. A factor analysis was used to characterize the main influences that affected the water quality of each region. Based on the results of this method, the aquifer located in Rosarito is mainly affected by seawater intrusion and the presence of high levels of manganese, while the groundwater characteristics at Puerto Peñasco are influenced by reductive conditions, probably caused by bacterial contamination. Although most of the parameters analyzed in this study were within normal ranges for groundwater, knowledge of the factors affecting sources of water can help to develop restoration projects and preventive management practices to prevent an irreversible degradation of groundwater quality.
Water Quality Assessment in the Application of Stormwater Reuse for Irrigating Public Lands
Authors: He Jianxun , Valeo Caterina , Chu Angus , Neumann Norman F. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Stormwater reuse for irrigating public lands presents a viable option for reducing potable water demand in urban settings. However, stormwater generally contains high pollutant levels, which may cause adverse effects on public health and the environment. Water quality in a stormwater retention pond in the City of Calgary, Alberta, was examined in order to assess the feasibility of reusing stormwater for irrigation purposes. Field campaigns were conducted in the 2004, 2005, and 2006 irrigation seasons. The water quality data indicated that the pond water quality generally satisfies the requirements for stormwater recycled as irrigation water. Relationships between stormwater quality and climatological variables were investigated using correlation and regression analysis. Their correlations suggest that intermittent rain events contribute to elevated microbial levels and total suspended solids (TSS). Other climatological variables—air temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, and relative humidity—are also correlated with certain water quality parameters including fecal coliform (FC), TSS, nutrients, and conductivity. Formulated regression equations demonstrate good predictions of observed FC and TSS using climatological variables. Results showing stormwater quality as a function of climatological variables imply that climate change might have potential influence on stormwater quality.
Factors Influencing Formation of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: Results from Multivariate Statistical Investigation of the Ontario Drinking Water Surveillance Program Database
Authors: Chowdhury Shakhawat , Champagne Pascale , McLellan P. James 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The presence of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water is an important issue in the context of their potential health effects. Numerous studies have developed models in the past three decades relating THMs concentrations to different factors (e.g., dissolved organic carbon [DOC], chlorine dose, pH, etc.). Previous studies characterized the importance of specific factors through controlled studies using synthetic water or source waters from a small number of water treatment plants. Few studies have reported looking for factors related to THMs formation system-wide across many different water supply systems, and in environments where many factors vary simultaneously. This study presents the results of a multivariate statistical analysis for 162 water supply systems in Ontario, Canada for 2000 to 2004. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to determine important factors and possible clusters of variation. PCA identified DOC, chlorine dose, pH, temperature, and reaction time as significant factors for THMs formation. Separate clusters were observed for DOC-colour; chlorine dose-total/free residual chlorine; and hardness-alkalinity. Each cluster indicated factors varying together and representing significant variation. Temperature and pH were found significant and uncorrelated throughout the analysis. The multivariate analysis is the first phase of a continuing investigation into THMs formation with the ultimate goal of developing a predictive model, which can be used to perform human health risk-cost balance studies for drinking water quality management.
The Effect of Short-Term Dissolved Oxygen Transients on Activated Sludge
Authors: Zhang Yi , Allen D. Grant 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The effect of short-term dissolved oxygen (DO) disturbances on municipal activated sludge was studied, in a batch system, with respect to changes in supernatant turbidity, suspended solid (SS) concentrations, proteins, polysaccharides, and cations in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Results showed that turbidity increased by 20 times when the DO concentration decreased below 0.5 mg/L, and supernatant SS concentrations increased by 1 to 2 times with DO reduction, implying the presence of more unsettled particles in the supernatant. Concomitantly, soluble proteins increased from less than 1 mg/L to up to 30 mg/L, and bound proteins decreased by more than 15% under DO limitation. Further enzymatic tests confirmed that, compared with polysaccharides, proteins were more involved in preventing sludge deflocculation. The DO stress also caused significant changes in the bulk concentrations of K+ and Ca2+; K+ increased by 40% and Ca2+ decreased by 30%. When the DO concentration was restored after 6 hours, reversible changes were observed in supernatant turbidity and SS, and concentrations of EPS proteins and cations, indicating a possible physiological response of microorganisms to a short-term low DO disturbance.
Étude comparative de deux floculants pour le traitement physicochimique d'une eau usée municipale : chitosane et polymère de synthèse
Authors: Babineau Daniel , Chartray Dominique , Leduc Roland 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Le traitement des eaux usées municipales par voie physico-chimique requiert généralement l'utilisation d'un coagulant à base de sels métalliques et d'un floculant (ou aide-coagulant) synthétique. L'application du concept de développement durable dans le traitement des eaux privilégie une approche utilisant des produits renouvelables tels les biopolymères naturels. Des essais avec du chitosane (biopolymère naturel) comme floculant ont été effectués à l'échelle du laboratoire (jar test) et à l'échelle réelle (station municipale de type physico-chimique) afin de mieux comprendre les particularités liées à l'utilisation de ce produit naturel lors du traitement des eaux. Les essais à l'échelle réelle réalisés dans deux filières parallèles de traitement ont comparé l'utilisation de la combinaison alun et polymère de synthèse anionique (AL/PS) à la combinaison alun et chitosane (AL/CH). Des abattements de la DCO de 87 %, des MES de 95 % et de 93 % pour le Ptot ont été observés avec la combinaison AL/CH. Ces résultats d'abattement de la DCO et des MES sont semblables à ceux obtenus dans la filière de traitement AL/PS. Certains essais indiquent un dosage de coagulant (alun) inférieur de 24,8 % avec la combinaison AL/CH. L'abattement du Ptot est constamment plus élevé avec la combinaison AL/PS en raison du dosage plus élevé de coagulant.
Identification of Sphingomonads on the Basis of Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplified 16S rRNA Gene
Authors: Tokajian Sima , Farah Maya , Hashwa Fuad 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Sphingomonas is a genus that is basically of environmental origin but can also be associated with health hazards, especially in the hospital environment where there is a great need to properly monitor water sources. The abundance and frequent isolation of derivatives of yellow pigmented colonies from drinking water samples in Lebanon—where an intermittent mode of supply is employed, and which induces frequent biofilm sloughing—necessitated the establishment of a rapid and feasible assay to screen specifically for sphingomonads. In this study, 50 isolates recovered from drinking water with yellow- to orange-pigmented colonies were used to establish a polymerase chain reaction-based (PCR-based) screening assay. The use of sphingomonad specific modified primers gave one common band with a size of 320 bp in all resumptive and sequence confirmed sphingomonads. However, no amplification was observed with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applying the PCR-based assay described in this paper increased both the efficiency and the reliability of screening for sphingomonads in water samples, thereby minimizing related risk factors.
Distribution of 14C-labelled Atrazine, Methoxychlor, Glyphosate, and Bisphenol-A in Goldfish Studied by Whole-Body Autoradiography (WBARG)
Authors: Rouleau Claude , Kohli Jagmohan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Nonpersistent contaminants represent thousands of chemicals used as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, additives, etc. Because of this diversity, the assessment of the environmental risks they may pose for the environment represents a formidable task. Identification of target organs is key information needed to orient further research on newlyinvestigated organic xenobiotics. We used whole-body autoradiography to visualize the distribution of 14C-labelled atrazine, methoxychlor, glyphosate, and bisphenol-A in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and identify target organs. Fish were exposed for 2 days (glyphosate and bisphenol-A) and 7 days (atrazine and methoxychlor) to the radiolabelled compounds at a concentration of 15 nM. They were then frozen, embedded in carboxymethylcellulose gel, 20-μm-thick cryosections were collected, freeze-dried, and exposed to phosphor screens to visualize the tissue distribution of radioactivity. Goldfish did not accumulate glyphosate. The three other compounds were accumulated, mostly in the gall bladder. Nevertheless, unforeseen accumulation sites were observed; atrazine accumulated in the uveal tract of the eye, high levels of radioactivity were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of goldfish exposed to methoxychlor, and an important accumulation of bisphenol-A was seen in urine, oral mucosa, esophagus, and intestinal lumen. The potential toxicological consequences of the accumulation of these chemicals at very specific locations within the fish body are discussed and further research suggested.
Exposure to Model-Scale Sewage Treatment Plant Effluent Affects Circulating Sex Steroids in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Parrott Joanne L. , McMaster Mark E. , Verma Subhash , Trowbridge David 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Reproductive steroids were assessed in immature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after 21-day exposures to 10% primary or 100% secondary-treated model-scale sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent. Plasma testosterone was elevated over 4-fold in rainbow trout exposed to 10% primary model STP effluent and 100% secondary model STP effluent, and 1.7-fold and 2.5-fold in trout exposed in the following years, 2 and 3, respectively. Exposure to the positive control compound, 17β-estradiol (100 ng/L), raised plasma estradiol concentrations of exposed trout, but had few effects on plasma testosterone concentrations. There was no induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity by any treatment, but liver-somatic indices were elevated in year-1 fish exposed to 10% primary or 100% secondary-treated model STP effluent. The results show that exposure to this model STP effluent can increase circulating testosterone concentrations. The rainbow trout 21-day test proved to be a simple bioassay that holds promise for onsite assessments of effluents.