bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-local impact of link failures in linear flow networks
Authors: Strake Julius , Kaiser Franz , Basiri Farnaz , Ronellenfitsch Henrik , Witthaut Dirk 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The failure of a single link can degrade the operation of a supply network up to the point of complete collapse. Yet, the interplay between network topology and locality of the response to such damage is poorly understood. Here, we study how topology affects the redistribution of flow after the failure of a single link in linear flow networks with a special focus on power grids. In particular, we analyze the decay of flow changes with distance after a link failure and map it to the field of an electrical dipole for lattice-like networks. The corresponding inverse-square law is shown to hold for all regular tilings. For sparse networks, a long-range response is found instead. In the case of more realistic topologies, we introduce a rerouting distance, which captures the decay of flow changes better than the traditional geodesic distance. Finally, we are able to derive rigorous bounds on the strength of the decay for arbitrary topologies that we verify through extensive numerical simulations. Our results show that it is possible to forecast flow rerouting after link failures to a large extent based on purely topological measures and that these effects generally decay with distance from the failing link. They might be used to predict links prone to failure in supply networks such as power grids and thus help to construct grids providing a more robust and reliable power supply.
A universal macroscopic theory of surface plasma waves and their losses
Authors: Deng Hai-Yao 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Recently, we have revealed an intrinsic instability of metals due to surface plasma waves (SPWs) and raised the prospect of using it to create lossless SPWs. The counter-intuitive nature of this finding prompts one to ask, why had not this instability been disclosed before, given the long history of this subject? If this instability does exist, how far is it from reality? The present work is devoted to answering these questions. To this end, we derive a unified macroscopic theory of SPWs that applies to any type of electron dynamics, be they local or non-local, classical or quantum-mechanical. In light of this theory, we analyze the behaviors of SPWs according to several electron dynamics models, including the widely used local dielectric model, the hydrodynamic model and the specular reflection model, in addition to the less common semi-classical model. We find that, in order to unveil the instability, one must (i) self-consistently treat surface effects without any of the usually imposed auxiliary conditions and (ii) include translation symmetry breaking effects in electron dynamics. As far as we are concerned, none existing work had fulfilled both (i) and (ii). To assess the possibility of realizing the instability, we analyze two very important factors: the dielectric interfacing the metal and inter-band transitions, which both were ignored in our recent work. Whereas inter-band absorption—together with Landau damping—is shown adverse to the instability, a dielectric brings it closer to occurrence. One may even attain it in common plasmonic materials such as silver under not so tough conditions.
Psychosocial Stress and Overweight and Obesity: Findings From the Chicago Community Adult Health Study
Authors: Cuevas Adolfo G , Chen Ruijia , Thurber Katherine A , Slopen Natalie , Williams David R 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial stress has been implicated as a risk factor for overweight and obesity. However, research on psychosocial stressors and overweight and obesity has typically focused on single stressors in isolation, which may overestimate the impact of a specific stressor and fail to describe the role of cumulative stress on overweight and obesity risk.PurposeThis study explores the association between overweight/obesity and cumulative exposure to a wide range of psychosocial stressors, among a multiracial/ethnic sample of adults.MethodsUsing secondary data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (n = 2,983), we conducted multinomial logistic regression analyses to quantify associations between eight psychosocial stressors, individually and in combination, and measured overweight and obesity, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, alcohol use and smoking.ResultsIn separated covariate-adjusted models, childhood adversities (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; confidence interval [CI] = [1.03, 1.30]), acute life events (OR = 1.18; CI = [1.04, 1.34]), financial strain (OR = 1.30; CI = [1.15, 1.47]), and relationship stressors (OR = 1.18; CI = [1.04, 1.35]) were associated with increased odds of obesity. In a model adjusted for all stressors simultaneously, financial strain was the only stressor independently associated with overweight (OR = 1.17; CI = [1.00, 1.36]) and obesity (OR = 1.21; CI = [1.05, 1.39]). Participants with stress exposure in the highest quintile across 2, 3, or ≥4 (compared to no) types of stressors had significantly higher odds of obesity.ConclusionsMultiple types of stressors may be risk factors for obesity, and cumulative exposure to these stressors may increase the odds of obesity. Reducing exposure to stressors at the population level may have the potential to contribute to reducing the burden of obesity.
The Influence of Supply Management on Farmland Values in Ontario
Authors: Vyn Richard J , Rude James 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSupply management programs for Canada's dairy and poultry sectors are intended to reduce price volatility and provide fair returns for producers. However, the reduced risk and higher returns for these producers may contribute to higher farmland values. This paper estimates the impact of supply management on farmland values in the Canadian province of Ontario using a hedonic approach based on over 25,000 farmland sales. The results indicate that farmland values have been positively impacted by supply‐managed livestock density. In addition, a recent policy change ‐ a cap on the price of dairy quota ‐ is found to further contribute to increased farmland values.
Spatially varying age–period–cohort analysis with application to US mortality, 2002–2016
Authors: Chernyavskiy Pavel , Little Mark P , Rosenberg Philip S 
Published: March 2019

SummaryMany public health databases index disease counts by age groups and calendar periods within geographic regions (e.g., states, districts, or counties). Issues around relative risk estimation in small areas are well-studied; however, estimating trend parameters that vary across geographic regions has received less attention. Additionally, small counts (e.g., $\lt10$) in most publicly accessible databases are censored, further complicating age–period–cohort (APC) analysis in small areas. Here, we present a novel APC model with left-censoring and spatially varying intercept and trends, estimated with correlations among contiguous geographic regions. Like traditional models, our model captures population-scale trends, but it can also be used to characterize geographic disparities in relative risk and age-adjusted trends over time. To specify the joint distribution of our three spatially varying parameters, we adapt the generalized multivariate conditional autoregressive prior, previously used for multivariate disease mapping. Specified in this manner, region-specific parameters are correlated spatially, and also to one another. Estimation is performed using the No-U-Turn Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampler in Stan. We conduct a simulation study to assess the performance of the proposed model relative to the standard model, and conclude with an application to US state-level opioid overdose mortality in men and women aged 15–64 years.
“Not for Lazy Moms”: The Real Housewives of Potomac’s Monique Samuels and the Branding of Black Motherhood
Authors: Hornsby Elizabeth R 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article explores how Monique Samuels’s role in The Real Housewives of Potomac (TRHOP) and in her Not For Lazy Moms (NFLM) branded spaces, works both for and against the new momism to make visible black women’s experiences navigating essentialism, choice, and the identity work of black motherhood. Samuels’s positionality as a black woman leveraging her essential oils storyline into building a brand for herself brings the franchise into new cultural terrain: “the new momism.” Douglas and Michaels (2004) describe the new momism as a celebration of motherhood that encourages agency and autonomy but ultimately centers on intense devotion to childrearing. Samuels’s TRHOP storylines and extratextual self-fashioning deploy the tenets of the new momism and disrupt its inherent white supremacy to authenticate her identity through essential oils as a wellness commodity and curate an affective space for black women with her NFLM lifestyle brand.
International Jurisprudence Concerning the Group or Unity Principle in Territorial Allocation
Authors: Ma Xuechan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the past one hundred years, a series of international cases have addressed the group or unity principle in the context of territorial allocation. This article provides an analysis of such jurisprudence, and concludes that this principle can act as a mediating principle to inform the interpretation and application of the primary rules relating to territorial acquisition, thus raising a presumption about the extent and scope of an established territorial title. By showing respect for the natural link between land territories that form an integral group or unity, this principle might provide an efficient and pragmatic approach to settling territorial disputes.
The Role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Left-sided Endocarditis: Native vs Prosthetic Valves Endocarditis
Authors: de Camargo Raphael Abegão , Sommer Bitencourt Marcio , Meneghetti José Claudio , Soares Jose , Gonçalves Luís Fernando Tonello , Buchpiguel Carlos Alberto , Paixão Milena Ribeiro , Felicio Marilia Francesconi , de Matos Soeiro Alexandre , Varejão Strabelli Tania Mara , Mansur Alfredo Jose , Tarasoutchi Flavio , Tavares de Oliveira Mucio , Bianchi Castelli Jussara , Menosi Gualandro Danielle , Zoboli Pocebon Lucas , Blankstein Ron , Alavi Abass , Moore John Edmund , Millar Beverley Cherie , Focaccia Siciliano Rinaldo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) has emerged as a useful diagnostic tool for suspected infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with prosthetic valves or implantable devices. However, there is limited evidence regarding use of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for the diagnosis of native valve endocarditis (NVE).

Methods
Between 2014 and 2017, 303 episodes of left-sided suspected IE (188 prosthetic valves/ascending aortic prosthesis and 115 native valves) were studied. 18F-FDG-PET/CT accuracy was determined in the subgroups of patients with NVE and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE)/ascending aortic prosthesis infection (AAPI). Associations between inflammatory infiltrate patterns and 18F-FDG-PET/CT uptake were investigated in an exploratory ad hoc histological analysis.

Results
Among 188 patients with PVE/AAPI, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 18F-FDG-PET/CT focal uptake were 93%, 90%, 89%, and 94%, respectively, while among 115 patients with NVE, the corresponding values were 22%, 100%, 100%, and 66%. The inclusion of abnormal 18F-FDG cardiac uptake as a major criterion at admission enabled a recategorization of 76% (47/62) of PVE/AAPI cases initially classified as “possible” to “definite” IE. In the histopathological analysis, a predominance of polymorphonuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate and a reduced extent of fibrosis were observed in the PVE group only.

Conclusions
Use of 18F-FDG-PET/CT at the initial presentation of patients with suspected PVE increases the diagnostic capability of the modified Duke criteria. In patients who present with suspected NVE, the use of 18F-FDG-PET/CT is less accurate and could only be considered a complementary diagnostic tool for a specific population of patients with NVE.
Patterns of medication use and the burden of polypharmacy in patients with chronic kidney disease: the German Chronic Kidney Disease study
Authors: Schmidt Insa M , Hübner Silvia , Nadal Jennifer , Titze Stephanie , Schmid Matthias , Bärthlein Barbara , Schlieper Georg , Dienemann Thomas , Schultheiss Ulla T , Meiselbach Heike , Köttgen Anna , Flöge Jürgen , Busch Martin , Kreutz Reinhold , Kielstein Jan T , Eckardt Kai-Uwe 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) bear a substantial burden of comorbidities leading to the prescription of multiple drugs and a risk of polypharmacy. However, data on medication use in this population are scarce.

Methods
A total of 5217 adults with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or an eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73m2 and overt proteinuria (>500 mg/day) were studied. Self-reported data on current medication use were assessed at baseline (2010–12) and after 4 years of follow-up (FU). Prevalence and risk factors associated with polypharmacy (defined as the regular use of five or more drugs per day) as well as initiation or termination of polypharmacy were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
The prevalence of polypharmacy at baseline and FU was almost 80%, ranging from 62% in patients with CKD Stage G1 to 86% in those with CKD Stage G3b. The median number of different medications taken per day was eight (range 0–27). β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins were most frequently used. Increasing CKD G stage, age and body mass index, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and a history of smoking were significantly associated with both the prevalence of polypharmacy and its maintenance during FU. Diabetes mellitus was also significantly associated with the initiation of polypharmacy [odds ratio (OR) 2.46, (95% confidence interval 1.36–4.45); P = 0.003].

Conclusion
Medication burden in CKD patients is high. Further research appears warranted to address the implications of polypharmacy, risks of drug interactions and strategies for risk reduction in this vulnerable patient population.
An Improvement of the CS Attack to DSC Cipher
Authors: Liu Hanqiu , Jin Chenhui 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The DECT standard cipher (DSC) is a 64-bit stream cipher, which was used in the digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT) standard to protect the privacy of users. The Coisel–Sanchez (CS) attack proposed by Coisel and Sanchez in CHES 2015 is the most effective cryptanalysis against the DSC cipher up to now. Based on the CS attack, we present an improved attack in which an information collection method with unknown memory is used to improve the utilization of information and the message classification technique is adopted to reduce the computation time of evaluation indexes. Meanwhile, we present an improved pre-sieving technique to avoid the computation of evaluation indexes of a large number of incorrect candidates. Our known plaintext attack requires only 2 min of communication compared to 3 min for the CS attack. By analyzing 213 keystreams, our approach is able to increase the success probability of retrieving secret key from 55–89%. As far as we know, the attack we present in this paper is the most effective one among the existing attacks to the DSC cipher.
Mitral valve repair using edge-to-edge technique in various situations: real-world experiences
Authors: Hirji Sameer A , Del Val Fernando Ramirez , Yazdchi Farhang , Lee Jiyae , Ejiofor Julius , Kolkailah Ahmed A , Chowdhury Ritam , McGurk Siobhan , Kaneko Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESEdge-to-edge (E2E) mitral valve repair (MVP) is a versatile technique used in various situations for mitral regurgitation (MR). This technique has been regaining attention, given the increasing use of the MitraClip procedure. This real-world study evaluates the durability of the E2E technique in different settings.METHODSFrom January 2002 to May 2015, a total of 303 patients with at least moderate MR who underwent E2E MVP were identified. Patients undergoing isolated MVP (n = 133) and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting or other valvular procedures (N = 170) were included. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to evaluate the risk factors for cumulative survival, or MV event (i.e. MV reintervention or MR recurrence) while event-free survival—defined as time to composite outcome of either death or MV event—was determined using competing risk Kaplan–Meier analysis. Median follow-up duration was 6.9 (interquartile range 5.8) years.RESULTSThe most common MR aetiology was myxomatous (34%), followed by Barlow’s disease (27.7%), and ischaemic (21.5%). E2E MVP was performed for the following indications: persistent MR (51.5%), systolic anterior motion prophylaxis (22.1%), transaortic approach (17.5%) and systolic anterior motion treatment post-MVP (8.9%). Concomitant ring annuloplasty was performed in 224 patients (73.9%). Operative mortality was 3.6% and MV event rate was 18.5%. Significant predictors of decreased survival included age, renal insufficiency, peripheral vascular disease and ischaemic MR aetiology (all P < 0.050). No ring annuloplasty (HR 2.79; P < 0.001) was the only significant predictor of MV events. Estimated event-free survival for the overall cohort was 8.5 years, and shortest for functional (non-ischaemic; 6.6 years) and ischaemic aetiology (5.5 years).CONCLUSIONSE2E repair is a versatile MVP technique, which can be used in prevention and treatment of systolic anterior motion, transaortic approach or with concomitant techniques, with reasonable outcomes. Ischaemic aetiology and absence of ring annuloplasty were associated with worse cumulative survival and MV event rates, respectively, which raises some concern in light of the expanding indication for MitraClip system.
Magnolol protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae antioxidant-deficient mutants from oxidative stress and extends yeast chronological life span
Authors: Subramaniyan Subasri , Alugoju Phaniendra , SJ Sudharshan , Veerabhadrappa Bhavana , Dyavaiah Madhu 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigated the protective effect of a natural polyphenol, magnolol, on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells under oxidative stress, and during aging. Our results showed the sensitivity of S. cerevisiae antioxidant gene deficient mutants (sod1∆, sod2∆, cta1∆, ctt1∆, gtt2∆ and tsa1∆) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and menadione stress was rescued by magnolol as demonstrated in spot and colony forming unit counts. Yeast cells pretreated with magnolol showed decreased intracellular oxidation, lipid peroxidation and an increased level of reduced glutathione. Further, SOD1, CTA1 and GTT2 gene expression was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and was found that magnolol significantly attenuated the upregulation of SOD1 and CTA1 genes under oxidative stress. Finally, longevity of the wild type and sod1 mutant cells were extended by magnolol, and also enhance stress resistance against oxidant stress during chronological aging.
Longitudinal Examination of Emotional Functioning in Older Adults After Spousal Bereavement
Authors: Szabó Ágnes , Kok Almar A L , Beekman Aartjan T F , Huisman Martijn 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined trajectories of emotional functioning in three domains (depressive symptoms, emotional, and social loneliness) for individuals who experienced spousal bereavement and investigated cross-domain adaptation. We hypothesized that emotional difficulties after bereavement would be more detectable in emotional loneliness than depressive symptoms or social loneliness.

Methods
Using latent class growth analysis, we modeled changes in depressive symptoms, emotional loneliness, and social loneliness from 12 years pre- to 12 years post-bereavement on data from 686 older adults to identify trajectories indicating adaptive and maladaptive functioning in each domain.

Results
Most participants reported depressive symptoms below the clinically relevant threshold by showing a resilient (15.5%) or a slightly elevated (53.5%) trajectory post-bereavement. One third (31%) reported clinically relevant depressive symptoms. More than half of the sample reported emotional loneliness post-bereavement, varying form prolonged (17%), increasing and prolonged (28.3%), and chronically high (8.9%) levels. Remaining participants displayed resilience (13.5%) or recovery (32.3%). Social loneliness showed four trajectories: very low and resilient (43.3%), low and resilient (27.5%), increasing (20.2%), and chronically high (9%) levels. One third of participants maintained adaptive, whereas 12% displayed maladaptive, functioning across all domains post-bereavement.

Discussion
An increase in emotional loneliness was the most commonly observed change after spousal bereavement. This highlights the central role of emotional loneliness in depression after bereavement.
A genome-wide association study of bitter and sweet beverage consumption
Authors: Zhong Victor W , Kuang Alan , Danning Rebecca D , Kraft Peter , van Dam Rob M , Chasman Daniel I , Cornelis Marilyn C 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Except for drinking water, most beverages taste bitter or sweet. Taste perception and preferences are heritable and determinants of beverage choice and consumption. Consumption of several bitter- and sweet-tasting beverages has been implicated in development of major chronic diseases. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of self-reported bitter and sweet beverage consumption among ~370 000 participants of European ancestry, using a two-staged analysis design. Bitter beverages included coffee, tea, grapefruit juice, red wine, liquor and beer. Sweet beverages included artificially and sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and non-grapefruit juices. Five loci associated with total bitter beverage consumption were replicated (in/near GCKR, ABCG2, AHR, POR and CYP1A1/2). No locus was replicated for total sweet beverage consumption. Sub-phenotype analyses targeting the alcohol, caffeine and sweetener components of beverages yielded additional loci: (i) four loci for bitter alcoholic beverages (GCKR, KLB, ADH1B and AGBL2); (ii) five loci for bitter non-alcoholic beverages (ANXA9, AHR, POR, CYP1A1/2 and CSDC2); (iii) 10 loci for coffee; six novel loci (SEC16B, TMEM18, OR8U8, AKAP6, MC4R and SPECC1L-ADORA2A); (iv) FTO for SSBs. Of these 17 replicated loci, 12 have been associated with total alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, plasma caffeine metabolites or BMI in previous GWAS; none was involved in known sweet and bitter taste transduction pathways. Our study suggests that genetic variants related to alcohol consumption, coffee consumption and obesity were primary genetic determinants of bitter and sweet beverage consumption. Whether genetic variants related to taste perception are associated with beverage consumption remains to be determined.