bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat selection of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Körös-Maros National Park
Authors: Szenek Zoltán , Végvári Zsolt 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We investigated relationships among bustard presence data as response as well as properties of habitat patches such as shape, size, type of land use and landscape connectivity in 2015, employing bustard occurrence data in Körös-Maros National Park (KMNP hereafter). Additionally, we aimed to present a geometrical approach of habitat choice in animals, focusing on geometric properties rather than vegetation structure. Here we applied landscape metrics approach, providing landscape classification by analysing spatial patterns in potentially important landscape objects, disregarding linear constructions. Our findings show insignificant differences between shape metrics of selected and non-selected habitat patches, in line with previous studies concluding that bustards choose habitats based on habitat type classes rather than on geometric properties. Further, our results indicate that the original habitats of the study species, adapted to extensive, open steppes, became strongly fragmented, resulting in the absence of large contiguous areas. Within the study area, landscape connectivity values represent optimal habitat conditions, probably as a result of highly patchy structure of the landscape and relatively small nearest neighbour distances of habitat patches. Thus, our findings also indicate that Great Bustards adapted to modified landscape structures. Our landscape analytical approach provides a methodological framework which can be applied on habitat selection tactics in a number of species of key conservation importance.
Exploratory analyses ofmigration timing andmorphometrics of the European Robin(Erithacus rubecula)
Authors: Harnos Andrea , Ágh Nóra , Fehérvári Péter , Karcza Zsolt , Ócsai Péter , Csörgő Tibor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOrnithological studies often rely on long-term bird ringing data sets as sources of information. However, basic descriptive statistics of raw data are rarely provided. In order to fill this gap, here we present the sixth item of a series of exploratory analyses of migration timing and body size measurements of the most frequent passerine species at a ringing station located in Central Hungary (1984–2017). First, we give a concise description of foreign ring recoveries of the European Robin in relation to Hungary. We then shift focus to data of 40,128 ringed and 11,231 recaptured individuals with 24,056 recaptures (several years recaptures in 313 individuals) derived from the ringing station, where birds have been trapped, handled and ringed with standardized methodology since 1984. Timing is described through annual and daily capture and recapture frequencies and their descriptive statistics. We show annual mean arrival dates within the study period and present the cumulative distributions of first captures with stopover durations. We present the distributions of wing, third primary, tail length and body mass, and the annual means of these variables. Furthermore, we show the distributions of individual fat and muscle scores, and the distributions of body mass within each fat score category.We distinguish the spring and autumn migratory periods and age groups (i.e. juveniles and adults). Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the analysed variables. However, we do not aim to interpret the obtained results, merely to draw attention to interesting patterns that may be worth exploring in detail. Data used here are available upon request for further analyses.
OPCW-IUPAC Workshop on Innovative Technologies for Chemical Security
Authors: Cesa Mark C. , Ferreira Vitor Francisco , Forman Jonathan E. , Tang Cheng , Timperley Christopher M. , Tran Camly , West Bernard 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), The National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine of the USA, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, and the Brazilian Chemical Society held a workshop: “Innovative Technologies for Chemical Security”, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 3 to 5 July 2017. This event was part of a four workshop series held to inform the report of the OPCW Scientific Advisory Board on developments in science and technology to the Fourth Review Conference of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which will be held in November 2018. The workshop explored the potential of new technologies to enhance capabilities for the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention. There is a continuing need for recognition that emerging scientific developments can have beneficial applications with respect to implementation of the Convention, particularly in prevention of re-emergence of chemical weapons. The objectives of this workshop were to present, discuss and critically evaluate the emergence and practical applications of new and existing technologies – as tools for detecting biochemical change in complex environments – and the applications of these technologies in support of chemical disarmament and chemical security. This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry presents a series of papers that originate from topics discussed in the workshop. This preface describes the scientific review process for the Chemical Weapons Convention and how it was supported by the Rio de Janeiro workshop, as well as introducing the papers in the collection and their corresponding authors.
Health-related behavior patterns of cancer patients determined by socio-demographic variables
Authors: Humeniuk Ewa , Dąbska Olga , Pawlikowska-Łagód Katarzyna , Matuska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction. Health practices have been a subject of theoretical and empirical discussions among experts from various fields of knowledge. They are analyzed more and more closely, regarding their connection with specific diseases. Because cancer is one of the main causes of death in Poland, it is very important to learn more about pro-health behaviors undertaken by cancer patients.

Aim. An attempt was made to establish if pro-health activities and their separate categories regarding cancer patients are preconditioned by socio-demographic variables.

Material and methods. The research was conducted on the group of 100 cancer patients. Diagnostic poll method, survey technique was used when conducting this study. Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) by Zygfryd Juczyński was the research tool. STATISTICA 12 and Microsoft Office Excel were used to analyze the gathered data. Statistical significance of p<0.05 was assumed which indicated statistically important differences or correlations.

Results. There was no association between sex, marital status, place of residence, education level, financial situation and prohealth activities undertaken by cancer patients. Average HBI score for the whole group amounted to 78.47±15.80 which is average. The highest level of pro-health behavior was observed in Proper Eating Habits subscale and the lowest level of pro-health behavior was observed in Health Practices category.

Conclusions. The knowledge gained on the basis of the conducted research will constitute a valuable hint regarding deficits in the observance of the principles of health culture in patients with cancer.
Selected health behaviours of type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Samolińska Wioletta , Kiczorowska Bożena , Kowalczuk-Vasilev Edyta , Klebaniuk Renata , Jakubczak Ewelina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease with an epidemic character. Its prevalence is associated with lifestyle, many environmental factors, and genetic determinants. Implementation of diet therapy is the basis for treatment of the disease.

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess health behaviours and differences in these behaviours in type 2 diabetes patients taking their age into consideration.

Material and methods. The questionnaire survey was carried out among 120 subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The original questionnaire comprised questions on selected pro-health behaviours, e.g. prophylactic behaviour or self-monitoring in the disease. The statistical analysis was performed on 111 properly completed surveys. The respondents were divided into three age groups: subjects under 60 (n=24), between 60 and 75 (n=64), and over 75 years old (n=23).

Results. Regardless of their age, the patients with type 2 diabetes indicated mainly arteriel hypertension as a coexisting complication. The basic element of patients’ self-monitoring was checking the blood pressure and glycaemia. Half of the patients declared body weight control, however, a majority were characterised by excessive body weight and abdominal fat deposits, irrespective of their age. Walking was the most popular form of physical activity chosen by the respondents. Regardless of their age, the type 2 diabetes patients exhibited similar readiness for self-education related to their disease.

Conclusions. The surveyed respondents exhibited similar behaviours undertaken to keep healthy. The increase in the regularity of doctor appointments and in the use of pharmacotherapy was closely related to age of the respondents. The advanced age of the respondents had an impact on the regularity of foot inspection. Respondents over 75 years of age adhered to recommendations on the schedule of food and medicine intake, but used diet therapy less frequently.
The Role of the Atmosphere on Boron-Activated Sintering of Ferrous Powder Compacts
Authors: Vassileva V. , Danninger H. , Strobl S. , Gierl-Mayer Ch. , de Oro Calderon R. , Hutter H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBoron has been known to activate densification during sintering of ferrous powder compacts, though with risk of embrittlement. In the present study, specimens Fe-B and Fe-C-B prepared from standard atomized iron powder with addition of ferroboron Fe-21%B were sintered in different atmospheres, and the resulting microstructures and properties were studied. It showed that the activating effect of boron is observed during sintering in argon and in hydrogen while sintering in N2containing atmospheres results in rapid deactivation of boron, through formation of stable BN. In hydrogen atmosphere, surface deboronizing was observed to considerable depth. Ar is chemically inert, but Ar trapped inside closed pores tends to inhibit further densification. The impact energy data indicated that the embrittling effect of boron is enhanced significantly by presence of carbon. In the fracture surfaces, transgranular cleavage fracture can be observed both at very low and high impact energy values.
Surface Hardening Vs. Surface Embrittlement in Carburizing of Porous Steels
Authors: Mekonone S. Tesfaye , Cristofolini I. , Pahl W. , Molinari A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Carburizing increases the contact fatigue resistance of sintered steels, but the surface hardening may result the formation of surface brittle cracks due to the combined effect of high hardness and porosity. The effect of carburizing on the embrittlement of the case of a 7.3 g/cm3 1.5%Mo - 0.25%C sintered steel was studied. The phenomenon was analyzed theoretically and verified by experiments. The resistance of the carburized steel to surface brittle cracking increases with the load bearing surface and the decrease of the maximum pore size, of the surface microhardness and the friction coefficient. The theoretical analysis was implemented in a design procedure for parts subject to contact stresses.
Manufacturing of Valve Bridge Component Utilizing Lean Alloyed Powders and Vacuum Sintering
Authors: Shvab R. , Sundaram M. V. , Karlsson H. , Chasoglou D. , Berg S. , Hryha E. , Nyborg L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Increasing the application area of powder metallurgy (PM) steels for manufacturing of high-performance structural components results in material saving, reduction in energy consumption, etc. In this study, feasibility of the manufacturing of valve bridge component for heavy duty engine utilizing lean alloyed powders and novel vacuum sintering approach, followed by low pressure carburizing, is studied. Three low alloyed steel powders were processed by conventional uniaxial pressing and sintering at 1120 and 1250°C in industrial vacuum furnace. The components were tested under high cycle fatigue testing, simulating real conditions of operation. Fatigue properties did not show significant dependence on the sintering temperature and were comparable to currently used reference cast material. Fracture surfaces of broken samples were analyzed to detect crack initiations and fracture mechanisms as well as quality of sintering. Results showed preferentially ductile failure, well developed sintering necks and clean pore surfaces, indicating good sintering. Tested material in combination with novel vacuum sintering process show to be an attractive alternative for manufacturing of this type of components for heavy duty engine applications.
Investigating the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Pure Lead-Free Soldering Materials (SAC305 & SAC405)
Authors: Kumar P. Manoj , Gergely G. , Horváth D. K. , Gácsi Z. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The Sn–Ag–Cu (SAC) solders with low Ag or Cu content have been identified as promising candidates to replace the traditional Sn–Pb solder. In this study, an extensive discussion was presented on two major area of mechanical properties and microstructural investigation of SAC305 and SAC405. In this chapter, we study the composition, mechanical properties of SAC solder alloys and microstructure were examined by optical microscope and SEM and mechanical properties such as tensile tests, hardness test and density test of the lead solder alloys were explored. SAC305 and SAC405 alloys with different Ag content and constant Cu content under investigation and compare the value of SAC305 and SAC405. From this investigation, it was reported that tensile strength is increased, with an increase of Ag content and hardness and density were also increases in the same manner.
Enamel Remineralization Potential of Novel Dentifrice with Tetracalcium Phosphate/Monetite Powder Component
Authors: Medvecky L. , Stulajterova R. , Giretova M. , Mincik J. , Vojtko M. , Balko J. , Petrovova E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim was to investigate the enamel health benefits of a novel toothpaste with active tetracalcium phosphate/monetite mixtures under de/remineralization cycling. The enamel de/remineralization cycling protocol was consisted of demineralization in 1% aqueous solution of citric acid at pH 3.6 with following treatment with toothpastes and soaking in remineralization storage solution. Effectiveness of toothpastes to promote remineralization was evaluated by surface microhardness measurements, enamel erosion depth, analysis of surface roughness and fluorescent optical method. The novel tetracalcium phosphate/monetite toothpaste had the same remineralization potential as commercial calcium silicate/phosphate toothpaste and significantly higher than control storage solution group (p<0.05). Surface roughness was significantly lower after addition of fluorides to dentifrice (p<0.05). The enamel erosion depth was significantly reduced by applying toothpastes as compared to negative control (p<0.05) and did not differ from calcium silicate/phosphate toothpaste (p>0.66). The results showed that dentifrice formulations containing active tetracalcium phosphate/monetite mixture with or without fluoride addition had excellent enamel remineralization potential under de/remineralization cycling and successfully promote remineralization of enamel with daily using in the form of toothpaste.
Tautomeric transformations and electronic structures of azopyrazolone dyes and their metal complexes
Authors: Kovalchukova Olga V. , Abdulilla Abbas Al Tahan Rana , Strashnova Svetlana B. , Strashnov Pavel V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe features of molecular and electronic structures of complex compounds derived from azopyrazolone derivatives are reviewed. Despite the wide use of metal-containing azopyrazolone dyes for more than 1.5 centuries, little information on their molecular structure is found. Our recent researches allowed the introduction of new coordination modes of azopyrazolone derivatives at complexation with metals. Together with traditional bi- and tridentate coordination, the possibility of an N pyrazolone atom to be involved in coordination was also found. As a result, polymeric or polynuclear complexes were isolated and described by X-ray analysis, NMR, EPR, IR, and UV spectroscopy. The analysis of the interatomic distances in the organic anions indicated that azopyrazolone derivatives do not undergo significant azo-hydrazo tautomeric transformations at ionization and complexation despite strong shifts of the absorption bands in their IR and UV-VIS spectra.
On so-called converse reflexives in Slavic and Baltic
Authors: Holvoet Axel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe article deals with the notion of so-called converse reflexives, illustrated from Slavic and Baltic. It is argued that, though the notion of reflexive converses, i. e. pairs of converses formally differentiated by the reflexive marker, is uncontroversial, that of converse reflexives as a subtype of reflexives (middles) and a distinct gram-type in voice typology, is mistaken, as the converse effect is the result not only of the reflexive derivation but also of several other factors, viz. argument conflation and complement-modifier indeterminacy. Basically, the so-called converse reflexives are just anticausatives.
Ort der Vermittlung, Ort der Zerstörung
Authors: Szymańska Eliza 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Within the last fifty years the phenomenon of the border has been scholarly described many times. In scientific works one can find many phrases like ‘crossing borders’, ‘arranging borders’, ‘perceiving borders’ or ‘experiencing borders’, which indicate dealing with the notion of borders in a metaphorical sense. Yet literary research rarely refers to the meaning of real topographical (not metaphorical) borders in literary texts. In this article the author makes an attempt to answer the question of the meaning of borders and their function in the plays ‘Night’ (Noc) and ‘Waiting for a Turk’ (Czekając na Turka) by Andrzej Stasiuk. The notion of theoretical deliberation by Sigrun Anselm is the starting point for this discussion. She presents two basic functions of the border: it can be a place of mediation (Ort der Vermittlung) or a place of destruction (Ort der Zerstörung).
Volksepos und Geheimwissen in V. Odoevskijs ErzählungSalamandra
Authors: Schulte Jörg 
Published: July 2018

SummaryVladimir Odoevsky’s storySalamandracombines the knowledge of sources from two different traditions—Finnish mythology (the Kalevala) and alchemical treatises of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They meet in the motif of the Sampo that is interpreted by Odoevsky as a mythological version of the alchemical vessel. Odoevsky thus perceives the mythological text as a source for spiritual knowledge. He connects the mythological sources with the literary tradition of novels and short stories on elementaries.
Age-Matched Z-Scores for Longitudinal Monitoring of Center of Pressure Speed in Single-Leg Stance Performance in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Huurnink Arnold , Fransz Duncan P. , de Boode Vosse A. , Kingma Idsart , van Dieën Jaap H. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Huurnink, A, Fransz, DP, de Boode, VA, Kingma, I, and van Dieën, JH. Age-matched z-scores for longitudinal monitoring of center of pressure speed in single-leg stance performance in elite male youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 495–505, 2020—Coordination of corrective motor actions is considered important for soccer performance and injury prevention. A single-leg stance (SLS) test assesses the integrity and proficiency of the sensorimotor control system, quantified by center of pressure averaged speed (COPspeed). We aimed to provide age-matched z-scores for COPspeed in elite male youth soccer players. Second, we assessed a threshold for abnormal long-term change in performance, i.e., critical difference (CD). In a youth academy program, 133 soccer players of 9–18 years were tested twice for both legs (2 repetitions), and one repetition follow-up was conducted at 5.8 months (SD 2.7). Linear regression between age and COPspeed was performed to provide age-matched z-scores. Variance of differences in z-scores at baseline and between sessions was used to estimate the CD up to 5 repetitions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were assessed within and between sessions. The age significantly affected COPspeed (p < 0.0001), with lower values in older players (95% confidence interval; 3.45–9.17 to 2.88–5.13 cm·s−1, for 9 and 18 years, respectively). The z-score CD ranged from 1.72 (one repetition) to 1.34 (5 repetitions). The ICC of z-scores was 0.88 within session and 0.81 between sessions. In conclusion, the SLS performance in elite male youth soccer players improves with age. We determined age-matched z-scores of COPspeed, which reliably determined performance according to age. The CD allows for detection of abnormal variations in COPspeed to identify players with a (temporary) deterioration of sensorimotor function. This could be applied to concussion management, or to detect underlying physical impairments.
Determining Maximal Muscle Strength in Mice: Validity and Reliability of an Adapted Swimming Incremental Overload Test
Authors: Gouvêa André L. , Martinez Camila G. , Kurtenbach Eleonora 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Gouvêa, AL, Martinez, CG, and Kurtenbach, E. Determining maximal muscle strength in mice: validity and reliability of an adapted swimming incremental overload test. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2360–2368, 2020—At present, there are no reliable methods to determine maximal muscle strength in small rodents. Here, we established an adapted swimming incremental overload test (SIOT) as an instrument for this purpose. First, to validate the test, BALB/c mice received 20 mg·kg−1·d−1 of dexamethasone (DEXA group) or water (control group). After 14 days, with a cumulative dose of 120 mg·kg−1 of dexamethasone, the SIOT could detect a decrease of approximately 7% in muscle strength. In addition, this decrease was consistent with a significant reduction in body (above 13.5%) and muscle (approximately 15%) weight in DEXA atrophic animals. To establish the SIOT reliability, another group of animals was evaluated for 5 consecutive days. In this second protocol, the SIOT was executed with an initial load corresponding to 12% of the mouse body weight (BW) fixed to the tail. Increments between 1 and 5% of the BW were added during each attempt to obtain the highest load that was tolerated for a time interval of 5–7 seconds. On the last day, the SIOT reliability test was performed by 2 different raters to obtain the inter-rater reproducibility. The adapted SIOT was shown to be reliable when measured by the same rater (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.939) and by 2 different raters (ICC = 0.830). The Bland-Altman graphical representation did not demonstrate heteroscedastic errors. Therefore, the SIOT proved to be a sensitive and reliable method to measure muscle strength, and it can be applied to small animals in different models of muscle atrophy.