bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and the EU's Support for Security Sector Reform in Fragile Contexts
Authors: Ansorg Nadine , Haastrup Toni 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHow does the European Union (EU) include ‘gender’ within its support to security sector reform (SSR) programmes? The EU has committed to include gender perspectives by implementing the Women, Peace and Security agenda (WPS) within its foreign security practices. While researchers and practitioners recognise the importance of integrating gender issues into SSR operational effectiveness, there is limited knowledge about how this functions within the EU's security architecture. This article uses Feminist Institutionalism (FI) to understand the process of gender mainstreaming within the EU's support to SSR programmes. It does this by using two crucial theory‐testing cases of SSR programmes – Ukraine and Afghanistan. It finds that the EU's ability to promote gender inclusive approaches to SSR is limited by the structure of the EU's own assumptions and capabilities, and institutional constraints in third countries. At the same time, the cases underscore the importance of individuals as agents of change.
Early and late implant failure of submerged versus non‐submerged implant healing: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Troiano Giuseppe , Lo Russo Lucio , Canullo Luigi , Ciavarella Domenico , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Laino Luigi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this systematic review was to analyse current evidence regarding differences in early and late implant failure as well as in marginal bone level (MBL) changes between submerged and non‐submerged healed dental implants.MethodsPUBMED, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched for prospective randomized and non‐randomized controlled studies addressing direct comparison between submerged and non‐submerged implant healing, without performing immediate loading. Early and late implant failure (before or after 6 months from implant placement, respectively) together with MBL were the investigated outcomes. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool for Randomized clinical trials. Meta‐analysis was performed and the power of the meta‐analytic findings determined by trial sequential analysis (TSA).ResultsEleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results of this systematic review revealed a small higher rate (2%) of early implant failure when a non‐submerged healing approach is performed. Late implant failure appears not to be different in submerged or non‐submerged healing, but the power of evidence, as determined by TSA, is not high. If we consider MBL changes at 1 year from implant load, it seems that non‐submerged healing may better preserve marginal bone, although with a small effect size (0.13 mm).ConclusionsImplants placed with a non‐submerged technique have a higher risk (2%) of early failure. The power of the evidence about the effects on MBL is low, but present results seem to favour non‐submerged healing, although with a very small effect size.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ plays dual roles on experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Qiao Weiwei , Wang Changning , Huang Wushuang , Hu Yingying , Song Yaling 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) on inflammation control and bone remodelling in experimental periodontitis in rats.Materials and methodsExperimental periodontitis was induced in rats by thread ligation around cervixes of mandibular first molars. PPARγ agonist, antagonist and vehicle were intraperitoneally administrated, respectively, into rats. Ninety‐six male SD rats were randomly divided into control, ligation + vehicle, ligation + agonist and ligation + antagonist groups. After 1, 4 and 8 weeks, alveolar bone loss was assessed by Micro‐CT and HE staining. Inflammation and bone metabolism factors were evaluated by ELISA and immunohistochemical examination. Osteoclasts were quantified by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.ResultsAlveolar bone loss was significantly reduced after 1 week, while significantly increased after 8 weeks in agonist group, but antagonist group showed the opposite trend. Agonist decreased some inflammatory cytokines expression after 1 and 4 weeks, downregulated OPG, RUNX2, BMP‐2 and upregulated RANKL after 8 weeks, but antagonist brought the opposite effect. PPARγ agonist significantly reduced osteoclast counting after 1 week, while increased it after 8 weeks.ConclusionsDuring periodontitis progression, PPARγ could inhibit inflammation, prevent bone resorption within a short time, while the long‐term PPARγ activation would lead to increased bone resorption, and PPARγ repression by antagonist would enhance alveolar bone formation.
Appraisal of systematic reviews on the management of peri‐implant diseases with two methodological tools
Authors: Faggion Clovis Mariano , Monje Alberto , Wasiak Jason 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of two methodological instruments to appraise systematic reviews and to identify potential disagreements of systematic review authors regarding risk of bias (RoB) evaluation of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in systematic reviews on peri‐implant diseases.Material/methodsWe searched Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar for systematic reviews on peri‐implant diseases published before July 11, 2017. Two authors independently evaluated the RoB and methodological quality of the systematic reviews by applying the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) tool and Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist, respectively. We assessed the RoB scores of the same RCTs published in different systematic reviews.ResultsOf the 32 systematic reviews identified, 23 reviews addressed the clinical topic of peri‐implantitis. A high RoB was detected for most systematic reviews (n=25) using ROBIS, whilst five systematic reviews displayed low methodological quality by AMSTAR. Almost 30% of the RoB comparisons (for the same RCTs) had different RoB ratings across systematic reviews.ConclusionsThe ROBIS tool appears to provide more conservative results than AMSTAR checklist. Considerable disagreement was found among systematic review authors rating the same RCT included in different systematic reviews.
Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis using enamel matrix derivative, an RCT: 3‐ and 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Isehed Catrine , Svenson Björn , Lundberg Pernilla , Holmlund Anders 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes 3 and 5 years after the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis per se or in combination with an enamel matrix derivative (EMD).Materials and MethodsAt baseline, 29 patients were randomized to surgical treatment with adjunctive EMD or no EMD. One year after the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis, 25 patients remained eligible for survival analyses at the 3‐ and 5‐year follow‐up. The primary outcomes were implant loss and bone level (BL) change measured on radiographs, and the secondary outcomes, bleeding on probing, pus and plaque at each implant were analysed in 18 and 14 patients at the 3‐ and 5‐year follow‐up, respectively.ResultsAfter exclusion of four patients who discontinued the study, at the 3‐year follow‐up, 13 (100%) implants survived in the EMD group, and 10 of 12 (83%) in the non‐EMD group. At the 5‐year follow‐up, 11 of 13 (85%) implants in the EMD group and nine of 12 (75%) in the non‐EMD group survived. In multivariate modelling, BL changes and EMD treatment were positively associated with implant survival. Similarly, the same trend was seen in univariate analysis.ConclusionsAn exploratory analysis suggests that adjunctive EMD is positively associated with implant survival up to 5 years, but larger studies are needed.
Lactation and progression to type 2 diabetes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Feng Lijun , Xu Qunli , Hu Zhefang , Pan Hongying 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo explore the association between lactation and type 2 diabetes incidence in women with prior gestational diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for cohort studies published through 12 June 2017 that evaluated the effect of lactation on the development of type 2 diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes. A random effects model was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 13 cohort studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled result suggested that compared with no lactation, lactation was significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.90, I2 = 72.8%, P < 0.001). This relationship was prominent in a study carried out in the USA (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.43–0.99), regardless of study design (prospective design RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41–0.76; retrospective design RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40–0.99), smaller sample size (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30–0.92, P = 0.024) and follow‐up duration >1 years (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56–1.00), and the study used adjusted data (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50–0.94). Finally, by pooling data from three studies, we failed to show that compared with no lactation, long‐term lactation (>1 to 3 months postpartum) was associated with the type 2 diabetes risk (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.41–1.17).ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis showed that lactation was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes. Furthermore, no significant relationship between long‐term lactation and type 2 diabetes risk was detected. The impact of long‐term lactation and the risk of type 2 diabetes should be verified in further large‐scale studies.
(Pro)renin receptor: Involvement in diabetic retinopathy and development of molecular targeted therapy
Authors: Kanda Atsuhiro , Ishida Susumu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe renin–angiotensin system (RAS), a crucial regulator of systemic blood pressure (circulatory RAS), plays distinct roles in pathological angiogenesis and inflammation in various organs (tissue RAS), such as diabetic microvascular complications. Using ocular clinical samples and animal disease models, we elucidated molecular mechanisms in which tissue RAS excites the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A responsible for retinal inflammation and angiogenesis, the two major pathological events in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Furthermore, we showed the involvement of (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] in retinal RAS activation and its concurrent intracellular signal transduction (e.g., extracellular signal‐regulated kinase); namely, the (P)RR‐induced dual pathogenic bioactivity referred to as the receptor‐associated prorenin system. Indeed, neovascular endothelial cells in the fibrovascular tissue collected from eyes with proliferative DR were immunoreactive for the receptor‐associated prorenin system components including prorenin, (P)RR, phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and VEGF‐A. Protein levels of soluble (P)RR increased with its positive correlations with prorenin, renin enzymatic activity and VEGF in the vitreous of proliferative DR eyes, suggesting a close link between (P)RR and VEGF‐A‐driven angiogenic activity. Furthermore, we revealed an unsuspected, PAPS‐independent role of (P)RR in glucose‐induced oxidative stress. Recently, we developed an innovative single‐strand ribonucleic acid interference molecule selectively targeting human and mouse (P)RR, and confirmed its efficacy in suppressing diabetes‐induced retinal inflammation in mice. Our data using clinical samples and animal models suggested the significant implication of (P)RR in the pathogenesis of DR, and the potential usefulness of the ribonucleic acid interference molecule as a therapeutic agent to attenuate ocular inflammation and angiogenesis.
RASopathic comedone‐like or cystic lesions induced by vemurafenib: a model of skin lesions similar but not identical to those induced by dioxins MADISH
Authors: Kaya G. , Saxer‐Sekulic N. , Kaya A. , Sorg O. , Boespflug A. , Thomas L. , Saurat J.H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients treated with vemurafenib for metastatic melanoma often develop skin lesions similar to those observed after exposure to dioxin‐like compounds. We previously called these lesions MADISH (metabolizing acquired dioxin‐induced skin hamartoma) when analysing a case of acute dioxin poisoning.ObjectiveWe performed a clinical trial aimed at comparing the skin lesions observed under vemurafenib treatment with MADISH in order to bring to light a possible crosstalk between vemurafenib and dioxin pathways.MethodsIn this case series study, we explored the histological aspect of skin lesions in 10 cases treated with vemurafenib for malignant melanoma. We also analysed the ability of vemurafenib and tyrosine kinase inhibitors to induce dioxin–AhR pathway.ResultsAll patients had skin lesions diagnosed as ‘non‐inflammatory acneiform eruption’ by dermatologists. These were predominantly facial with notable retroauricular involvement and clinically compatible with chloracne/MADISH when assessed by dioxin expert. Histological analysis showed mostly comedone‐like lesions and dermal cysts containing epithelial wall with basal or lateral epithelial projections and lamellar keratinization and alterations of remaining sebaceous glands. The expression of CYP1A1, a gene highly induced following dioxin exposure, was not observed in these lesions. Vemurafenib and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib did not induce CYP1A1 activity.DiscussionAlthough the skin lesions under vemurafenib treatment were morphologically similar to MADISH, the absence of CYP1A1 expression in dermal cysts of patients and the absence of CYP1A1 activation by vemurafenib led us consider that these skin lesions were different from true MADISH and not mediated by a crosstalk of AhR signalling, but rather to a hyperactivation of PI3K‐Akt pathway as a consequence of vemurafenib treatment. A strong expression of CYP1A1 in the epithelial wall of dermal cysts must be required, parallel to the morphology of the lesions, to make the diagnosis of MADISH, the hallmark of an exposure to dioxin‐like/chloracnegen compounds.
Association of serious infections with pemphigus and pemphigoid: analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Ren Z. , Narla S. , Hsu D.Y. , Silverberg J.I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus and pemphigoid are blistering disorders associated with barrier disruption, immune dysregulation and use of immunosuppressing systemic therapy, all of which may predispose towards serious infections.ObjectivesTo determine whether pemphigus and pemphigoid are associated with increased likelihood of serious infections and the impact of such infections on mortality and cost of care.MethodsWe analysed data from the 2002 to 2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, including a representative 20% sample of all hospitalizations in the US (total n = 72 108 077 adults).ResultsOverall, 54.6% (95% CI: 53.6–55.6%) and 50.4% (49.0–51.8%) of inpatients with either pemphigoid or pemphigus had a diagnosis of serious infection, respectively, compared with 25.4% (25.2–25.6%) in those without either diagnosis. In multivariable logistic regression models controlling for gender, age, race/ethnicity and insurance status, pemphigoid or pemphigus was associated with 26 or 21 of 48 infections examined, respectively. In particular, both pemphigoid and pemphigus were associated with higher odds of infections of the skin, bones, respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and central nervous system, septicaemia and antibiotic‐resistant infections. Pemphigus was also associated with aspergillus, pharyngitis and Pneumocystis Carinii pneumonia. Associations of any serious infection in both pemphigoid and pemphigus patients were older age, non‐White race, lower median household income, government or no insurance, higher number of chronic conditions, and those with a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome, diabetes, cancer or autoimmune disease. The diagnosis of any serious infection vs. no infection was associated with increased inpatient mortality and costs in both pemphigoid (mortality: 7.85% vs. 2.84%; cost: $16 115 vs. $10 653) and pemphigus (mortality: 6.78% vs. 1.88%; cost: $17 707 vs. $11 545) inpatients (P < 0.0001 for all).ConclusionsAdults with pemphigus or pemphigoid had increased cutaneous, respiratory, multi‐organ and systemic infections, which were associated with considerable inpatient mortality and cost burden. Moreover, there were significant clinical and healthcare disparities with respect to infections in patients with pemphigus or pemphigoid.
Enhanced mortality of Bemisia tabaci nymphs by Isaria javanica combined with sublethal doses of chemical insecticides
Authors: Santos Tássia Tuane M. dos , Quintela Eliane D. , Mascarin Gabriel M. , Santana Marcus Vinícius 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of this current study was to evaluate the mortality of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) nymphs by the combination between the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria javanica (Friedrichs & Bally) Samson & Hywel‐Jones and synthetic chemical insecticides. The bioefficacy of I. javanica and the insect growth regulators named spiromesifen and buprofezin was tested alone and in combination against B. tabaci nymphs under screenhouse conditions. The in vitro compatibility between these two control agents was previously assessed under laboratory conditions. The sublethal concentration (LC25) of these insecticides towards second‐instar nymphs was determined and then mixed with the fungal treatments to investigate the type of interaction. All I. javanica isolates at 5 × 107 conidia/ml inflicted nymphal mortality by up to 62.4%. The insecticides did not influence the germination and mycelial growth of the selected I. javanica isolate CG1282. In general, the insecticide–fungus combinations increased nymphal mortalities in comparison with their single counterparts. Combinations with the fungus and buprofezin or spiromesifen augmented nymphal mortality by 10% and 24%, respectively, in comparison with the fungus alone. Additive interaction was found with the combination of the I. javanica CG1282 at 1 × 106 conidia/ml and spiromesifen at 1.56 ppm, and additive and synergistic interactions were achieved with the fungus at 5 × 106 conidia/ml and spiromesifen at 3.12, 6.25 and 12.5 ppm. Additive interactions were also observed from mixtures of fungus at 5 × 106 and buprofezin at 3.12 and 6.25 ppm. Only combinations of I. javanica with spiromesifen reduced to some extent the mycosis on dead nymphs. The joint action of I. javanica with sublethal doses of these insecticides may be a promising tool to assist in the integrated management system for B. tabaci.
Rapid molecular methods for in‐field and laboratory identification of the yellow‐legged Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax)
Authors: Stainton K. , Hall J. , Budge G. E. , Boonham N. , Hodgetts J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe yellow‐legged Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) is an invasive species that presents a threat to apiculture in Europe; first introduced into France in 2004, it has subsequently spread into neighbouring European countries. There is a risk of invasion and establishment in the UK, and in 2016, nests were found and destroyed in Alderney in the Channel Islands, and in Tetbury, Gloucestershire, illustrating a need for screening of suspect specimens so that invading hornets can be rapidly identified, and their nests destroyed. In this study, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real‐time PCR assays were developed to enable both in‐field and laboratory testing. Species‐specific identification assays and generic invertebrate control assays were developed. All the assays were validated according to the European Plant Protection Organisation standard PM 7/98. The assays were tested successfully against V. velutina nigrithorax obtained from France, Asia and the UK. Eight non‐target species, that were closely related or morphologically similar to the Asian hornet, gave negative results with the species‐specific assays, and positive results with the control assays. The assays could be used to detect target DNA at concentrations as low as 5 pg per reaction. LAMP was rapid, and cable of generating positive results within 10 min. Using simplified sample homogenization protocols that could be performed in the field, the LAMP assay was successful when tested against all developmental stages and nest samples, assisting with identification of samples that cannot be determined morphologically and allowing detection away from the laboratory. These assays provide a valuable tool for fast and reliable detection of this invasive species, offering the ability to identify damaged/incomplete specimens and immature life‐stages.
Islandinium minutum subsp. barbatum subsp. nov. (Dinoflagellata), a New Organic‐Walled Dinoflagellate Cyst from the Western Arctic: Morphology, Phylogenetic Position Based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA, and Distribution
Authors: Potvin Éric , Kim So‐Young , Yang Eun Jin , Head Martin J. , Kim Hyun‐cheol , Nam Seung‐Il , Yim Joung Han , Kang Sung‐Ho 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA study of modern sediment from the Western Arctic has revealed the presence of a distinctive brown‐colored cyst with a spherical central body bearing unbranched processes that are usually solid with a small basal pericoel. Distinctive barbs project from some processes, and process tips are usually minutely expanded into conjoined barbs. The archeopyle is apical and saphopylic. This cyst corresponds to Islandinium? cezare morphotype 2 of Head et al. (2001, J. Quat. Sci., 16:621). Phylogenetic analyses based on the small and large subunit rRNA genes infer close relationship with Islandinium minutum, the type of which is that of the genus. Re‐examination of specimens of I. minutum reveals the presence of minute barbs on its processes, but differences with Islandinium? cezare morphotype 2 remain based on size, process distribution, and barb development. Furthermore, the internal transcribed spacer shows I. minutum to be distinct from this morphotype. On the basis of these small but discrete differences, we propose the new subspecies Islandinium minutum subsp. barbatum subsp. nov. Molecular sequencing of other cysts encountered, namely Echinidinium karaense, an unidentified flattened cyst, and “Polykrikos quadratus”, places them in the Monovela clade, the latter showing greater morphological variability than previously thought.