bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein Ausweg aus der Gedankenfalle: Zur Bedeutung von Sprache und Regelsteuerung in der Akzeptanz- und Commitmenttherapie
Authors: Scherf Nicole , Spruit Edward , Köhler Stephan , Kronenberg Golo 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Verhaltenstherapie blickt inzwischen auf eine lange Entwicklungsgeschichte zurück. Die drei bedeutendsten Entwicklungsphasen der Verhaltenstherapie sind hierbei die „behaviorale“ Phase, die „kognitive Wende“ sowie die sogenannte „Dritte Welle“. Die Dritte Welle der Verhaltenstherapie ist gekennzeichnet durch sehr heterogene Therapieansätze. Vorgestellt wird hier die Bezugsrahmentheorie (BRT), da die BRT für zahlreiche neuere psychotherapeutische Methoden das wissenschaftstheoretische Fundament bildet. Hierbei erläutert die BRT, wie es zu Erlebnisvermeidung („experiential avoidance“) kommt, welche mit der Entwicklung einer bestimmten Psychopathologie in Zusammenhang gebracht wird. Erlebnisvermeidung beschreibt den Versuch, schwieriges inneres Erleben wie Erinnerungen, Gefühle und Gedanken zu kontrollieren. Die Akzeptanz- und Commitmenttherapie (ACT), als eine Strategie der Dritten Welle in der Verhaltenstherapie, setzt genau an diesem Punkt der Erlebniskontrolle an. Die Wirksamkeit von ACT ist mittlerweile in einer Vielzahl von Studien auch für unterschiedliche Störungsbilder gut belegt.
Fibrinogen Matsumoto I: A γ364 Asp → His (GAT→CAT) Substitution Associated with Defective Fibrin Polymerization
Authors: Okumura Nobuo , Furihata Kenichi , Terasawa Fumiko , Nakagoshi Ritsuko , Ueno Ichiro , Katsuyama Tsutomu 
Published: July 2018

SummaryFibrinogen Matsumoto I is a novel hereditary dysfibrinogen identified in a 1-year-old boy with Down’s syndrome. Though he showed no apparent bleeding or thrombotic tendency, he had a congenital heart disease. Preoperative coagulation tests of his plasma revealed a prolonged thrombin time and the fibrinogen level determined by the thrombin time method was markedly decreased. Molecular weight of fibrinogen chains showed apparently normal Aα, Bβ-, and γ-chains. The rate of fibrinopeptide release was normal, whereas fibrin polymerization was delayed. Fibrinogen γ-chain gene fragments from the propositus were amplified by polymerase chain reaction then sequenced. The triplet GAT, coding for the amino acid residue γ364, was replaced by CAT, resulting in the substitution of Asp→His. This residue is adjacent to the Tyr-363 that is demonstrated to be the primary site for fibrin polymerization. Our results indicate that the residue γ364 Asp is essential for normal polymerization of fibrin monomer.
N-3 Fatty Acid-induced Lipid Peroxidation in Human Platelets is Prevented by Catechins
Authors: Polette Anne , Lemaitre Dominique , Lagarde Michel , Véricel Evelyne 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effects of catechins were studied in both unstimulated platelets and platelets submitted to a mild oxidative stress induced by docosa-hexaenoic acid (DHA). Human unstimulated platelets were incubated in the presence of catechin or epicatechin (1, 10 or 100 μM) for 2 h at 37° C. Treatment by 1 μM epicatechin was sufficient to induce a significant inhibition (-30%) of basal thromboxane B2 formation. This result is consistent with the observed inhibitory effects of flavonoids on platelet aggregation. DHA treatment of platelets decreased the amount of a-tocopherol and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. The presence of epicatechin or catechin prevented the oxidative stress induced by DHA. Indeed, the platelet a-tocopherol level was significantly increased when compared to that of platelets treated by DHA alone, to reach the control level, whereas MDA was depressed to a level even lower than the control one. Our results indicate that catechin and especially epicatechin protect platelets from a peroxidative stress.
Percentage of Inadequate Phlebograms and Observer Agreement in Thromboprophylactic Multicenter Trials Using Standardized Methodology and Central Assessment
Authors: Kälebo P , Ekman S , Lindbratt S , Eriksson B I , Pauli U , Zachrisson B E , Close P 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis study examines inadequacy rates for phlebography in two multicenter trials for the prevention of post-operative DVT and determines inter- and intra-observer variability in evaluating phlebograms. A total of 991 (I) and 385 (II) patients underwent bilateral phlebography in two studies of thromboprophylaxis. Phlebography was performed using a standard method designed to visualize and assess all deep veins. Each vein was scored as normal, DVT or inadequate by both local and central assessment. The study showed low inadequacy rates for phlebograms of 12.2% (121/991) and 6.5% (25/385). Inter-observer agreement (local vs. central assessment) was moderate in both studies (1:74.8%, Kappa-value 0.41; II: 82.6%, Kappa-value 0.51). Good intraobserver agreement (within the central assessment group) was observed (I: 88.8%, Kappa-value 0.75). This study demonstrates low inadequacy rates for phlebograms using a standardized methodology and superior intra-observer agreement compared to inter-observer agreement and supports the importance of central assessment of phlebograms in thromboprophylactic multicenter trials to reduce observer variability.
Pharmacokinetic In Vivo Comparison Using 1-Stage and Chromogenic Substrate Assays with Two Formulations of Hemofil-M
Authors: Lee Christine , Barrowcliffe Trevor , Bray Gordon , Gomperts Ed , Hubbard Anthony , Kemball-Cook Geoffrey , Lilley Patricia , Owens Dale , Von Tilberg Louis , Pasi John 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn a study to demonstrate the safety and pharmacokinetics (half-life and recovery) of two different method M purified AHF (Hemofil-M) concentrates processed in the USA and Spain, two different methods of factor VIII assay (one-stage clotting and chromogenic) have been compared in vivo. The study was a single centre blinded, randomised, crossover study. Twelve patients with severe haemophilia A (VIII: C <2 u/dl) were divided into two subgroups of six. None had received factor VIII concentrate within 48 h preceding the study. Twenty-four pharmacokinetic studies were performed in the 12 patients. Each subgroup received two different lots of study material (US and Spanish) at a dose of 50 u/kg seven days apart. A second randomisation was nominal potency, high: 1000 u or mid: 500 u per vial. The potency label was a one-stage clotting assay using the mega I standard. A standard pharmacokinetic study was performed over 24 h and each blinded sample was analysed in duplicate by a one-stage clotting (aPTT) and a chromogenic (Chromogenix AB; CS) assay at the Royal Free and NIBSC. Pharmacokinetic modelling was performed. The mean label for Hemofil-M using the chromogenic substrate assay was 79% that using the one stage assay (Mega I standard). The recovery was 17-28% higher measured by chromogenic compared to the clotting assay. Since most clinicians use the clotting assay, potency labelling using the chromogenic assay, will overestimate predicted Hemofil-M recovery by as much as 25%.
Induction of Human Factor VIII Inhibitors in Rats 2: Fine Mapping of Rat anti-Human rFVIII Antibodies
Authors: Levin L G , Jarvis M , Powell J , Harrison J A , Reisner H M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryInhibiting antibodies in patients with hemophilia A pose a significant therapeutic dilemma in the treatment of bleeding episodes. The genetic factors which predispose hemophiliacs to inhibitors and the optimal method for inhibitor suppression remain obscure. Hence, an animal model of the human FVIII inhibitor response is of potential value. Sprague-Dawley rats immunized with human recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) subsequently developed abnormal coagulation parameters coincident with the development of an immune response to the human protein. The epitopes for the resultant rat anti-rFVIII antibodies were mapped using a random fragment expression library constructed from the FVIII cDNA. Antigenic regions located within the Al, First and Second Acidic and B domains were mapped. Rat immunoglobulins reactive with the individual epitopes were immunoaffinity purified and assayed for inhibitory activity. Several of the epitopes mapped using the rat antibodies were similar to regions previously shown to be antigenic for human inhibitors. By contrast, no epitopes were mapped to the A2 domain with the techniques used. This may be due to the possible presence of conformational epitopes in this area which cannot undergo fragmentation and still retain antigenicity or the presence of relatively low concentrations of antibodies to this region. The rat model shares some similarity with both the auto- and alloimmune human response to FVIII and therefore may be a valuable model for studies on the induction and suppression of the inhibitor response.
Enhanced Response to Chemotactic Activation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes from Patients with Heart Valve Replacement
Authors: Maugeri Norma , Kempfer Ana C , Evangelista Virgilio , Cerletti Chiara , de Gaetano Giovanni , Lazzari Maria A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryArtificial surfaces activate blood components. Since anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy fail to abolish thromboembolic complications in patients with mechanical heart valve replacement (MHVR), other mechanisms might contribute to switch on a thrombotic event. We therefore investigated the reactivity to chemotactic activation of PMN from patients with MHVR. PMN responses were analyzed in 3 groups: 130 patients with MHVR and oral anticoagulant therapy, with or without aspirin, 57 patients on a comparable antithrombotic regimen, but without MHVR and 50 healthy subjects. In vitro studies showed that the release of cathepsin G and elastase from fMLP-stimulated PMN was significantly higher in the MHVR group, the leukocyte content of α1-antitrypsin (an inhibitor of both enzymes) being similar in all three groups. CD1 lb expression after stimulation with fMLP was also significantly higher on PMN from MHVR patients than from control patients or healthy volunteers, while PMN CD 11b basal expression was similar in all three groups. This increased PMN response in vitro in the absence of an obvious activation in vivo, may reflect a modified reactivity of circulating PMN passing through the artificial valves. Increased reactivity to local stimuli might allow PMN to participate in thrombus formation, despite conventional antithrombotic therapy.
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of a New Low Molecular Mass Heparin (RO-11) in Healthy Volunteers – A Dose-Finding Study within the Therapeutical Range
Authors: Falkon Liliana , Bayés Miriam M , Frontera Guillem , Garí Mercè , Barbanoj Manel , Fontcuberta Jordi 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper reports on the results of a Phase I, dose-finding study with a new low molecular mass heparin (LMMH) called RO-11. The study focused on pharmacokinetics, dose-effect relationship and on tolerability of three single subcutaneous (SC) doses within the therapeutical range. After the injection of 7,500, 9,000 and 12,500 anti-FXa IU, the anti-FXa effect peaked between 3-6 h and showed a dose-dependent response. The absorption and elimination were first-order processes and the long half-life (>5 h) kept constant after increasing doses. The compound was tolerated very well and no clinically relevant prolongation of APTT, prothrombin and thrombin clotting tests was observed. At the dose of 7,500 IU, which corresponded to 110 anti-FXa IU/Kg, RO-11 exerted anti-FXa effect for at least 18-20 h. We recommend using this dose in a single SC injection, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RO-11 in the initial treatment of DVT or PE.
Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hemostatic Factors in Patients with Arterial Vascular Diseases
Authors: Freyburger G , Labrouche S , Sassoust G , Rouanet F , Javorschi S , Parrot F 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMild hyperhomocysteinemia, due to genetic or to environmental factors, is now recognized as a risk factor for premature arterial disease, including peripheral arterial occlusion, thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction. It is defined by either an increased level of fasting homocysteine or by an increased level after loading with methionine, which is more frequently altered than the former. We studied the hemostatic parameters in 88 patients with premature arterial disease (mean age 43 ± 11 years). We confirmed previously known hemostatic alterations described in vascular patients when compared to controls, but found that, among patients, some of these parameters were more altered in hyperhomocysteinemic patients. When fasting homocysteine was increased, higher alterations were found in factors VIIIc, von Wille- brand and thombin-antithrombin complexes were more elevated. When post-methionine load homocysteine was increased, alterations in fibrinolytic parameters were more pronounced.
Restricted Epitope Specificity of Anti-FVIII Antibodies that Appeared during a Recent Outbreak of Inhibitors
Authors: Gilles Jean Guy G , Peerlinck Kathelijne , Arnout Jef , Vermylen Jos , Saint-Remy Jean-Marie R 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe recently described an outbreak of anti-factor VIII (FVIII) antibodies in a population of haemophilia A patients non-responsive to FVIII (1). To find out what part of the FVIII molecule had been altered, we purified specific anti-FVIII antibodies from the plasma of the five patients showing high titres of inhibitors. An average of 100 µg antibodies per ml of initial plasma was recovered by immunoadsorption on insolubilised FVIII. The antibodies followed the normal isotypic distribution, including the presence of specific IgG2 antibodies; the relative increase in IgG4 that is usually observed in patients with long-standing inhibitors, was not present. The regions of FVIII to which human antibodies bound were determined by a competition assay using a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies: two major regions were identified, one located in the A2 heavy chain domain, and the other made of determinants of both the A3 and C2 light chain domains. Affinity-purified antibodies inhibited the function of FVIII as determined in a chromo- genic assay. However, variations existed in the affinities with which antibodies bound to soluble FVIII. This study shows that the immu- nogenicity of two particular regions of FVIII has been altered. A screening for alterations located in these two regions should possibly be included in the preclinical evaluation of FVIII concentrates.
Desmopressin (DDAVP) Enhances Platelet Adhesion to the Extracellular Matrix of Cultured Human Endothelial Cells through Increased Expression of Tissue Factor
Authors: Gálvez Angel , Gómez-Ortiz Goretti , Díaz-Ricart Maribel , Escolar Ginés , González-Sarmiento Rogelio , Zurbano María J , Ordinas Antonio , Castillo Ricardo 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of desmopressin (DDAVP) on thrombogenicity, expression of tissue factor and procoagulant activity (PCA) of extracellular matrix (ECM) generated by human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultures (HUVEC), was studied under different experimental conditions. HUVEC were incubated with DDAVP (1, 5 and 30 ng/ml) and then detached from their ECM. The reactivity towards platelets of this ECM was tested in a perfusion system. Coverslips covered with DD A VP-treated ECMs were inserted in a parallel-plate chamber and exposed to normal blood anticoagulated with low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin®, 20 U/ml). Perfusions were run for 5 min at a shear rate of 800 s1. Deposition of platelets on ECMs was significantly increased with respect to control ECMs when DDAVP was used at 5 and 30 ng/ml (p <0.05 and p <0.01 respectively). The increase in platelet deposition was prevented by incubation of ECMs with an antibody against human tissue factor prior to perfusion. Immunofluorescence studies positively detected tissue factor antigen on DDAVP derived ECMs. A chromogenic assay performed under standardized conditions revealed a statistically significant increase in the procoagulant activity of the ECMs produced by ECs incubated with 30 ng/ml DDAVP (p <0.01 vs. control samples). Northern blot analysis revealed increased levels of tissue factor mRNA in extracts from ECs exposed to DDAVP. Our data indicate that DDAVP in vitro enhances platelet adhesion to the ECMs through increased expression of tissue factor. A similar increase in the expression of tissue factor might contribute to the in vivo hemostatic effect of DDAVP.
Deficiency of (33P)2MeS-ADP Binding Sites on Platelets with Secretion Defect, Normal Granule Stores and Normal Thromboxane A2 Production
Authors: Cattaneo Marco , Lombardi Rossana , Zighetti Maddalena L , Gachet Christian , Ohlmann Philippe , Cazenave Jean-Pierre , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBy the term “Primary Secretion Defect” (PSD), we mean a common heterogeneous group of congenital defects of platelet secretion, characterized by a normal primary wave of platelet aggregation induced by ADP and other agonists, a normal concentration of platelet granule contents, and normal production of thromboxane A2. The biochemical abnormalities responsible for PSD are not well known. Since a secretion defect similar to PSD is found in platelets that are severely deficient of binding sites for the ADP analogue 2MeS-ADP and do not aggregate in response to ADP, we tested the hypothesis that PSD platelets have moderately decreased 2MeS-ADP binding sites, which may be sufficient for normal ADP-induced aggregation but not for potentiating platelet secretion. The specific binding of [33P]2MeS-ADP to platelets from 3 PSD patients (347,443 and 490 sites/platelet; KD 2.8-3.9 nM) was lower than to platelets from 24 normal subjects (647 [530-1102]; KD = 3.8 [2.3-7.3]) (median [range]). Normal values were found in a fourth PSD patient (710; KD 3.7). The degree of inhibition of PGE1- induced cAMP increase by 0.1 |μM ADP was lower in patients than in controls. The secretion induced by the endoperoxide analogue U46619 from normal, acetylsalicylic acid-treated platelets under conditions that prevented the formation of large aggregates was potentiated by 1 fimol/1 ADP and inhibited by apyrase. These findings indicate that a partial deficiency of the platelet ADP receptor(s) might be responsible for the defect of platelet secretion in some PSD patients and that ADP potentiates platelet secretion independently of the formation of large aggregates and thromboxane A2 production.
Group formation under limited resources: narrow basin of equality
Authors: Lee Dongryul , Kim Pilwon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe formation of groups in competition and the aggressive interactions between them are ubiquitous phenomena in society. These include student activities in the classroom, election races between political parties, and intensifying trade wars between countries. Why do individuals form themselves into groups? What is the optimal size of groups? And how does the group size distribution affect resource allocations? These questions have been the subjects of intense research in economics, political science, sociology, and ethology. In this study, we explore the group-size effects on the formation of groups and resource allocations from an economic standpoint. While being in a large group is generally advantageous in competition, an increase in the management costs would set an upper bound to the individual benefit of members. Under such counteracting size effects, we consider the dynamics of group formation in which people seek a conservative measure to reduce their possible maximum loss. We are especially interested in the effects of group size on social inequalities at both group and individual level in resource allocation. Our findings show that the low positive size-effect and the high negative size-effect result in different types of social inequalities. We conclude, from the relation between the inequality measures and group distributions predicted within the model, that overall social equality only can be achieved within a narrow region where two counteracting size-effects are balanced.
Disability and Madness in Colonial Asylum Records in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Coleborne Catharine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Case records examined here are those of inmates in two public institutions for the insane in colonial Victoria, Australia, and in Auckland, New Zealand, between 1870 and 1910. In the international field of mental health studies and histories of psychiatry, intellectual disability has been the subject of detailed historical inquiry and forms part of the critical discussion about how institutions for the “insane” housed a range of inmates in the nineteenth century. Yet the archival records of mental hospitals have rarely been examined in any sustained way for their detail about the physically disabled or those whose records denote bodily difference. References to the physical manifestations of various forms of intellectual or emotional disability, as well as to bodily difference and “deformity,” were part of the culture of the colonial institution, which sought to categorize, label, and ascribe identities to institutional inmates.
Disability, Race, and Gender on the Stage in Antebellum America
Authors: Barclay Jenifer L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Antebellum Americans confronted anxieties about many issues, such as industrialization, immigration, and urbanization, that found expression in blackface minstrelsy and freak shows. In these performances, racial fears, gender worries, and the insecurities of an emergent working class combined with the specter of disability to assuage the concerns of white, working-class audiences partly by reinforcing whiteness, masculinity, and nondisability as markers of citizenship. From the “laughable limp” of an elderly, enslaved groom who inspired Thomas “Daddy” Rice to craft his infamous Jim Crow character to displays of the supposedly 161-year-old disabled body of Joice Heth, minstrelsy and freak shows routinely conflated race, gender, and disability on the antebellum stage. This practice reached its pinnacle with Thomas “Japanese Tommy” Dilward, one of only two black men to perform in blackface before the Civil War.
The Rise of Gay Rights and the Disavowal of Disability in the United States
Authors: Kunzel Regina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Homosexuality has a complex history of entwinement with disability, marked most notably by its long-standing designation as a form of mental illness. That attribution was anticipated by nineteenth-century sexologists and promoted by mid-twentieth-century psychiatrists. In the years that followed, gay and lesbian activists worked to distance themselves from that stigmatizing association, successfully lobbying to remove “homosexuality” from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1973. Revisited here is the history of the gay liberationist battle against the psychiatric establishment as viewed through the analytical lenses offered by critical disability studies and disability history. Also tracked are the exclusionary and stigmatizing effects of the insistence on homosexuality as “healthy.”