bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the protective effect of krill oil on rat ovary against ischemia–reperfusion injury?
Authors: Yeral Ilkin , Sayan Cemile D. , Karaca Gökhan , Simsek Yavuz , Sagsoz Nevin , Ozkan Zehra S. , Atasoy Pınar , Sahin Yasar , Neselioglu Salim , Erel Ozcan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimIn this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of krill oil (KO) against ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury on rat ovary.MethodsThis study was conducted with 32 Wistar Albino rats. Rats were divided into four groups, with eight rats in each group‐as follows: Sham group, I/R group, I/R + low dose KO group (50 mg) and I/R + high dose KO group (500 mg). The histopathological and follicle counts were performed on the right ovary. The total antioxidant status, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were evaluated on the left ovary. And also serum N‐thiol level, serum T‐thiol level, serum disulfide (SDS) level, serum disulfide/N‐thiol and serum disulfide/T‐thiol ratios were evaluated too.ResultsA statistically significant difference was determined between the I/R group and all the other groups for all parameters. There was significant difference between KO groups and the Sham group for the parameters of serum N‐thiol, serum T‐thiol, SDS, serum disulfide/N‐thiol and serum disulfide/T‐thiol. SDS, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were determined to be the highest in the I/R group and the lowest in the low dose KO group. The total antioxidant status values were found to be the highest in the high dose KO group and the lowest in the I/R group. Follicle counts and histological injury scores showed no significant difference between Sham and KO groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that KO has beneficial effects on decreasing the injury after I/R on rat ovary.
Is there a need for an emergency card in hypoparathyroidism?
Authors: Astor M. C. , Zhu W. , Björnsdottir S. , Bollerslev J. , Kämpe O. , Husebye E. S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with hypoparathyroidism are at risk of both hypocalcemic and hypercalcemic crisis. Patients report that health professionals do not always respond adequately in an acute situation. The extent and handling of severe hypo‐ and hypercalcemia in hypoparathyroidism is unknown.AimsTo outline the need for a medical emergency card for primary hypoparathyroidism.MethodPostal survey amongst Norwegian and Swedish patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism of all causes. Altogether 455 invitations were sent (333 from Norway and 122 from Sweden).ResultsThree hundred and thirty‐six of 455 (74%) patients responded (253 from Norway and 83 from Sweden). The majority were women (79%), and the main cause was postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (66%). Overall 44% and 16% had been hospitalized at least once for hypo‐ or hypercalcemia, respectively. Eighty‐seven per cent felt that an emergency card would be highly needed or useful. Amongst those hospitalized for hypocalcemia, 95% felt a card was needed compared to 90% amongst those hospitalized for hypercalcemia. Five per cent believed that a card would not be useful.ConclusionsThe majority answered that an acute card is highly needed or useful. Hospitalization for acute hypocalcemia was more common (44%) than for acute hypercalcemia (16%). As a result of this survey, an emergency card will be distributed in three European countries to test its utility.
Non‐indicated acid‐suppression prescribing in a tertiary paediatric hospital: An audit and costing study
Authors: Riess Suzi , Lei Shaoke , Huang Li , O'Loughlin Rachel , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: November 2018

AimTo quantify (i) indicated versus non‐indicated prescribing of acid‐suppression therapies (AST) in a tertiary paediatric hospital; (ii) patient, provider and hospital factors associated with non‐indicated prescribing; and (iii) medication costs.MethodsThis was a prospective, electronic medical audit conducted at The Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) Melbourne in August–September 2016. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and histamine‐2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) prescriptions were extracted, with relevant patient, provider and hospital data. Logistic regression analysis of variables associated with indicated and non‐indicated prescribing was undertaken. Costs of indicated and non‐indicated prescriptions were estimated, with annual costs projected.ResultsThere was more non‐indicated than indicated prescribing across inpatient, outpatient and emergency department settings. Of the total 303 prescriptions analysed, 238 (78.5%) were non‐indicated. Gastrostomy presence (odds ratio (OR) 5.51 (1.96–15.46), P = 0.001), consultant providers (OR 2.69 (1.23–5.87), P = 0.01) and inpatient setting (OR 2.35 (1.16–4.77), P = 0.02) were all associated with a higher likelihood of non‐indicated prescribing. The child having a predisposing diagnosis was significantly associated with indicated prescribing (OR 0.41 (0.21–0.80), P = 0.009). A total of 75% of hospital and patient spending was for non‐indicated prescriptions. Annual costs of non‐indicated AST for Melbourne's RCH were projected to be $15 493.ConclusionsNon‐indicated acid‐suppression prescribing is common in a tertiary paediatric hospital and associated with gastrostomy presence, consultant providers and inpatient status. Future research should use qualitative methods to understand clinician and patient drivers of prescribing and use this information to develop and test targeted solutions to reduce non‐indicated AST prescribing.
Spinel assemblages in lunar meteorites Graves Nunataks 06157 and Dhofar 1528: Implications for impact melting and equilibration in the Moon's upper mantle
Authors: Wittmann Axel , Korotev Randy L. , Jolliff Bradley L. , Carpenter Paul K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMagnesium‐rich spinel assemblages occur in the two lunar vitric breccia meteorites—Dhofar (Dho) 1528 and Graves Nunataks (GRA) 06157. Dho 1528 contains up to ~0.7 mm cumulate Mg‐rich spinel crystals associated with Mg‐rich olivine, Mg‐ and Al‐rich pyroxene, plagioclase, and rare cordierite. Using thermodynamic calculations of these mineral assemblages, we constrain equilibration depths and discuss an origin of these lithologies in the upper mantle of the Moon. In contrast, small, 10 to 20 μm spinel phenocryst assemblages in glassy melt rock clasts in Dho 1528 and GRA 06157 formed from the impact melting of Mg‐rich rocks. Some of these spinel phenocrysts match compositional constraints for spinel associated with “pink spinel anorthosites” inferred from remote sensing data. However, such spinel phenocrysts in meteorites and Apollo samples are typically associated with significant amounts of olivine ± pyroxene that exceed the compositional constraints for pink spinel anorthosites. We conclude that the remotely sensed “pink spinel anorthosites” have not been observed in the collections of lunar rocks. Moreover, we discuss impact‐excavation scenarios for the spinel‐bearing assemblages in Dhofar 1528 and compare the bulk rock composition of Dho 1528 to strikingly similar compositions of Luna 20 samples that contain ejecta from the Crisium impact basin.
Microorganisms in the ticks Amblyomma dissimile Koch 1844 and Amblyomma rotundatum Koch 1844 collected from snakes in Brazil
Authors: Ogrzewalska M. , Machado C. , Rozental T. , Forneas D. , Cunha L. E. , de Lemos E. R. S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKnowledge about ticks (Acari) and screening of ticks parasitizing various hosts are necessary to understand the epidemiology of tick‐borne pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate tick infestations on snakes (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes) arriving at the serpentarium at the Institute Vital Brazil, Rio de Janeiro. Some of the identified ticks were individually tested for the presence of bacteria of the genera Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), Borrelia (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), Coxiella (Legionellales: Coxiellaceae), Bartonella (Rhizobiales: Bartonellaceae), Ehrlichia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), and Apicomplexa protozoa of the genera Babesia (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) and Hepatozoon (Eucoccidiorida: Hepatozoidae). A total of 115 hard ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) were collected from 17 host individuals obtained from four Brazilian states. Two species of tick were identified: Amblyomma dissimile Koch 1844 (four larvae, 16 nymphs, 40 adults), and Amblyomma rotundatum Koch 1844 (12 nymphs, 43 adults). Rickettsia bellii was found in A. rotundatum and A. dissimile ticks and Rickettsia sp. strain Colombianensi, Anaplasma‐like and Hepatozoon sp. in A. dissimile ticks. Among the tested ticks, no DNA of Borrelia, Bartonella, Coxiella or Babesia was found. The present findings extend the geographic range of Rickettsia sp. strain Colombianensi in Brazil and provide novel tick–host associations.
BICELLULAR POLLEN 1 is a modulator of DNA replication and pollen development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Long Yan‐Ping , Xie Dong‐Jiang , Zhao Yan‐Yan , Shi Dong‐Qiao , Yang Wei‐Cai 
Published: November 2018

Summary

During male gametogenesis in Arabidopsis, the haploid microspore undergoes an asymmetric division to produce a vegetative and a generative cell, the latter of which continues to divide symmetrically to form two sperms. This simple system couples cell cycle with cell fate specification.

Here we addressed the role of DNA replication in male gametogenesis using a mutant bicellular pollen 1 (bice1), which produces bicellular, rather than tricellular, pollen grains as in the wild‐type plant at anthesis.

The mutation prolonged DNA synthesis of the generative cell, which resulted in c. 40% of pollen grains arrested at the two‐nucleate stage. The extended S phase did not impact the cell fate of the generative cell as shown by cell‐specific markers. BICE1 encodes a plant homolog of human D123 protein that is required for G1 progression, but the underlying mechanism is unknown.

Here we showed that BICE1 interacts with MCM4 and MCM7 of the pre‐replication complex. Consistently, double mutations in BICE1 and MCM4, or MCM7, also led to bicellular pollen and condensed chromosomes. These suggest that BICE1 plays a role in modulating DNA replication via interaction with MCM4 and MCM7.
Comparative Mid‐term Follow‐up Study of Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty with Metal‐on‐metal and Metal‐on‐polyethylene Bearings
Authors: Li Zhi , Chen Zhe‐feng , Liu Jiu‐xiang , Liu Feng 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo compare mid‐term clinical results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with metal‐on‐metal (MoM) and metal‐on‐polyethylene (MoP) bearings and to evaluate the biological safety of the two kinds of prostheses.MethodsThirty‐two patients who received a primary THA with an MoM articulation between January 2008 and December 2010 were selected to form the MoM group retrospectively. The MoP group consisted of 32 patients who received a THA with an MoP prosthesis during the same period. Clinical assessments, imaging examinations, laboratory tests, and metal ion concentration detections were conducted on each patient. Another 32 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients in the MoM group and 28 patients in the MoP group completed the follow‐up, with a mean follow‐up time of 74.6 and 75.9 months, respectively. The mean Harris score at the latest follow‐up was 91.5 ± 5.1 in the MoM group versus 88.9 ± 4.0 in the MoP group (P = 0.22). The MoM group showed a better range of motion in flexion, abduction, and external rotation. Co and Cr levels in the MoM group were 2.5‐fold and 2.0‐fold of these in the MoP group. A mild change of liver function was observed in both groups, while the values of renal function and humoral immunity stayed static. Elevated proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells and decreased proportion of Th2 cells were observed in the MoM group. The occurrence rate of pseudotumors in the MoM and MoP groups was 40.74% ± 9.45% and 14.28% ± 6.61%, respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionAt the mid‐term follow‐up, clinical results were satisfied in both groups. MoM prosthesis could result in elevated serum metal ion levels and there is a higher risk of pseudotumor. Long follow‐up is needed to evaluate the safety of MoM prostheses.
Role of Parecoxib Sodium in the Multimodal Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Double‐blinded Controlled Trial
Authors: Bian Yan‐yan , Wang Long‐chao , Qian Wen‐wei , Lin Jin , Jin Jin , Peng Hui‐ming , Weng Xi‐sheng 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an established surgical technique and is the standard treatment for degenerative knee joint diseases. However, severe pain after TKA makes it difficult for many patients to perform early postoperative rehabilitation and functional exercise, which might result in subsequent unsatisfactory recovery of knee joint function and great reduction in patients’ satisfaction and quality of life. Orthopaedic surgeons have tried a large variety of analgesics and analgesic modes to relieve patients’ pain after TKA. There are many analgesic regimens available in clinical practice but all have some deficiencies. Parecoxib sodium, a highly selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), can reduce the synthesis of peripheral prostaglandin to exert the effect of analgesia, and relieve inflammation and prevent central sensitization through inhibition of peripheral and central COX‐2 expression. In addition, it can be used as a preemptive analgesic without affecting platelet aggregation. However, there does seem to be conflicting evidence in the current research as to whether parecoxib sodium can be used successfully as a preemptive analgesic; the effect of preemptive analgesia with parecoxib sodium in multimodal analgesia is still controversial. This research investigated the effects of parecoxib sodium in a preemptive multimodal analgesic regimen.MethodsEighty‐eight patients were randomized into two groups. The experimental group received parecoxib (46 patients) and the control group received saline (42 patients), administered 30 min before the initiation of the surgical procedure. A patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) pump was applied within 48 h after surgery. The visual analogue scale (VAS), drug consumption through the PCA pump, use of salvaging analgesia, range of motion (ROM) of the knee joints, and postoperative complications were observed.ResultsThe VAS score in the post‐anesthesia care unit (PACU) of the parecoxib group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.039). There was no significant difference in the demographic profiles, duration of operation, hemorrhage in surgery, postoperative hemorrhage, postoperative drainage, VAS at different time points, function of knee joints, length of hospital stay, use of salvaging analgesia, and postoperative drug consumption through the PCA between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionIn preemptive multimodal analgesia regimens, parecoxib sodium can significantly decrease the VAS score in the short term, relieve pain shortly after surgery, and does not increase the incidence of complications. Parecoxib sodium is a safe and effective drug in the perioperative analgesic management for TKA.
Skeletal microstructure of Stenopterygius quadriscissus (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Posidonienschiefer (Posidonia Shale, Lower Jurassic) of Germany
Authors: Anderson Katherine L. , Druckenmiller Patrick S. , Erickson Gregory M. , Maxwell Erin E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIchthyosaurians (Ichthyosauria) are a major clade of secondarily aquatic marine tetrapods that occupied several major predatory niches during the Mesozoic Era. Multiple lines of evidence including isotopic, body shape and swimming modality analyses suggest they exhibited elevated growth and metabolic rates, and body temperatures. However, applications of osteohistological methods to test hypotheses regarding their physiology are few. Previous studies focused on the humeri, vertebrae and ribs from a small number of taxa. Here, we use osteohistological methods to describe the bone microstructure of over 30 cranial and post‐cranial elements from a nearly complete, articulated individual of Stenopterygius quadriscissus from the Posidonienschiefer Formation (Posidonia Shale, Lower Jurassic) of Germany. The specimen shows highly vascularized primary bone and spongious secondary bone in its limbs, suggesting an overall shift to a lighter spongious‐structured skeleton was achieved through multiple developmental mechanisms. The modified perichondral ossification in elements of the limbs distal to the stylopodium informs our understanding of functional morphology, including hydrodynamic forces on the paddles. The ribs show variation in cortical thickness and trabecular organization along their length. Cyclical growth is inferred from changes in vascularization and osteocyte density as well as the presence of annuli in primary fibrolamellar bone. Cranial elements, due to their relative density and better preservation of growth marks, may prove to be of particular importance in future skeletochronological studies of post‐Triassic ichthyosaurians. We infer and corroborate hypotheses of elevated growth rates and metabolic rates in ichthyosaurians, and the potential for thermoregulation similar to extant homeothermic ectotherms.
Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in severely obese adolescents and young adults
Authors: Hakim Mohammed , Anderson Brian J. , Walia Hina , Tumin Dmitry , Michalsky Marc P. , Syed Ahsan , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous acetaminophen is commonly administered as an adjunctive to opioids during major surgical procedures, but neither the correct pharmacokinetic size descriptor nor the dose is certain in severely obese adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery.MethodsAdolescents, 14‐20 years of age, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile for age and sex or BMI ≥40 kg·m−2, presenting for laparoscopic or robotic assisted or vertical sleeve gastrectomy were administered intravenous acetaminophen (1000 mg) following completion of the surgical procedure. Venous blood was drawn for acetaminophen assay at eight time points, starting 15 minutes after completion of the infusion and up to 12 hours afterward. Time‐concentration data profiles were analyzed using nonlinear mixed effects models. Parameter estimates were scaled to a 70‐kg person using allometry. Normal fat mass was used to assess the impact of obesity on pharmacokinetic parameters.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 11 female patients, age 17 SD 2 years with a weight of 125 SD 19 kg and a mean BMI of 46 SD 5 kg·m−2. The plasma acetaminophen serum concentration was 17 (SD 4) μg·mL−1 at 10‐20 minutes after completion of the infusion and 5 (SD 6) μg·mL−1 at 80‐100 minutes. A two‐compartment model, used to investigate pharmacokinetics, estimated clearance 10.6 (CV 72%) L·h·70 kg−1, intercompartment clearance 37.3 (CV 63%) L·h·70 kg−1, central volume of distribution 20.4 (CV 46%) L·70 kg−1, and peripheral volume of distribution 16.8 (CV 42%) L·70 kg−1. Clearance was best described using total body weight. Normal fat mass with a parameter that accounts for fat mass contribution (Ffat) of 0.88 best described volumes.ConclusionCurrent recommendations of acetaminophen to a maximum dose of 1000 mg resulted in serum concentrations below detection limits in all patients within 2 hours after administration. Dose is better predicted using total body mass with allometric scaling.
Analysis of 17 948 pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation with a combination of intranasal dexmedetomidine and ketamine
Authors: Yang Fei , Liu Yang , Yu Qing , Li Shangyingying , Zhang Jin , Sun Mang , Liu Lu , Lei Yao , Tian Qing , Liu Hui , Tu Shengfen 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundIntranasal procedural sedation using dexmedetomidine is well described in the literature. The combination of intranasal dexmedetomidine and ketamine is a novel approach for which there are little data on the rate of successful sedation or adverse events.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of successful sedation and adverse events of intranasal procedural sedation using a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine for diagnostic examination in children.MethodsThis was a retrospective study and data were collected after ethics approval. A total of 17 948 pediatric patients (7718 females, 10 230 males) in a tertiary hospital in China were evaluated. Patients received a combination of 2 μg kg−1 of dexmedetomidine and 1 mg kg−1 of ketamine intranasally for procedural sedation. The level of sedation and recovery was assessed by the Modified Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale and the Modified Aldrete Score.ResultsThe rate of intranasal sedation success was 93% (16691/17948), intranasal sedation rescue was 1.8% (322/17948), and intranasal sedation failure was 5.2% (935/17948). Sedation success was defined as successful completed the diagnostic examination and obtained adequate diagnostic‐quality images and reports. Intranasal sedation success, rescue and failure were respectively defined as sedation success with intranasal a single dose, additional bolus dose and the need for intravenous (IV) medications/inhalation agents. Median sedation time was 62 min (interquartile range: 55‐70 min), median time for onset of sedation was 15 min (interquartile range: 15‐20 min), and median sedation recovery time was 45 min (interquartile range: 38‐53 min). Incidence of adverse events was low (0.58%; 105/17948), with major and minor adverse event being reported in 0.02% (4/17948) and 0.56% (101/17948) patients, respectively. Postoperative nausea and vomiting was the most common (0.3%; 53/17948) minor adverse event.ConclusionProcedural sedation using a combination of intranasal dexmedetomidine and ketamine is associated with acceptable effectiveness and low rates of adverse events.
3D Culture Models of Malignant Mesothelioma Reveal a Powerful Interplay Between Photodynamic Therapy and Kinase Suppression Offering Hope to Reduce Tumor Recurrence
Authors: Spring Bryan Q. , Kessel David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this issue, Cramer et al. introduce 3D culture models of metastatic mesothelioma to investigate basic cancer biology and new combination therapies for combating this complex and lethal disease. The results suggest that erlotinib‐enhanced photodynamic therapy could further improve the efficacy of intraoperative light‐activation to mop up residual tumor deposits in the clinic following surgical removal of macroscopic mesothelioma metastases.