bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities in fifth‐grade sun protection: Evidence from the Healthy Passages study
Authors: Correnti Christina M. , Klein David J. , Elliott Marc N. , Veledar Emir , Saraiya Mona , Chien Alyna T. , Schwebel David C. , Mrug Sylvie , Tortolero Susan R. , Cuccaro Paula M. , Schuster Mark A. , Chen Suephy C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesDespite rising skin cancer rates in children, multiple studies reveal inadequate youth sun‐protective behavior (eg, sunscreen use). Using Healthy Passages data for fifth‐graders, we set out to determine sunscreen adherence in these children and investigated factors related to sunscreen performance.MethodsSurvey data were collected from 5119 fifth‐graders and their primary caregivers. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between sunscreen adherence and performance of other preventive health behaviors (eg, flossing, helmet use) and examine predictors of sunscreen adherence. Analyses were repeated in non‐Hispanic black, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic white subgroups.ResultsFive thousand one hundred nineteen (23.4%) children almost always used sunscreen, 5.9% of non‐Hispanic blacks (n = 1748), 23.7% of Hispanics (n = 1802), and 44.8% of non‐Hispanic whites (n = 1249). Performing other preventive health behaviors was associated with higher odds of sunscreen adherence (all P < .001), with the greatest association with flossing teeth (odds ratio = 2.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.86‐3.13, P < .001). Factors for lower odds of sunscreen adherence included being male and non‐Hispanic black or Hispanic and having lower socioeconomic status. School‐based sun‐safety education and involvement in team sports were not significant factors.ConclusionOur data confirm low use of sun protection among fifth‐graders. Future research should explore how public health success in increasing prevalence of other preventive health behaviors may be applied to enhance sun protection messages. Identifying risk factors for poor adherence enables providers to target patients who need more education. Improving educational policies and content in schools may be an effective way to address sun safety.
Phototherapy‐induced blistering reaction and eruptive melanocytic nevi in a child with transient neonatal porphyrinemia
Authors: Karg Eszter , Kovács László , Ignácz Ferenc , Varga Erika , Hocsi Mária , Szűts Péter , Kemény Lajos , Bereczki Csaba , Oláh Judit 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNeonatal blue‐light phototherapy induced a blistering reaction followed by eruption of melanocytic nevi on the exposed skin surface of a child with transient neonatal porphyrinemia. New nevi are still developing 4 years after the triggering event. The role of phototoxicity‐induced epidermal injury, that of porphyrins and the influence of neonatal blue‐light therapy, in this unique phenomenon are discussed.
Topical timolol: An effective treatment option for agminated pyogenic granuloma
Authors: McGinness Anelah , Gillam Amy , Yeh Iwei , Mathes Erin F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present three patients with agminated pyogenic granulomas who experienced significant decrease in size and bleeding with treatment with topical timolol solution with minimal side effects. One patient had complete clinical resolution. For patients with agminated pyogenic granuloma who may otherwise have limited treatment options, timolol is an effective potential solution.
Cryosurvival and pregnancy rates: One‐step protocol for freezing–thawing Shangri‐la Yak (Bos grunniens) Embryos
Authors: Jia Yinhai , Yang Xiurong , Zhang Chengfu , Yang Shangzhi , Li Ming , Xu Wenwen , Ji Qiumei , Jiang Hesheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe yak is one of the most important and economically useful animals for highlanders. The decline in the yak population requires effective measures for the conservation and multiplication of elite germplasm. A standardized protocol will simplify the freezing and warming of yak embryos in straw and facilitate embryo transfer. In this work, we investigated a one‐step protocol that uses a stable basal medium, which comprised a warming medium (1.08 M sucrose) and a freezing medium (EFS40). We also assessed the effects of the new transfer method on embryo survival. A total of 145 yak frozen embryos were thawed in a standard medium system. The one‐step protocol led to a high recovery percentage (84.93) of yak embryos that survived vitrification and warming. The in vitro survival rates of these embryos significantly different from those of embryos frozen–thawed via the conventional method. The 95 embryos frozen–thawed via our one‐step protocol were then implanted in selected recipients. Thirty‐six singleton pregnancies were established. In conclusion, the proposed one‐step method is a simple, safe, and standardized freezing–thawing protocol that ensures embryo survival and quality under field conditions. This study establishes new possibilities for the widespread use of embryo transfer in yaks.
Sperm cryopreservation in the Far‐Eastern wildcat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus)
Authors: Amstislavsky Sergei , Brusentsev Eugeny , Kizilova Elena , Mokrousova Valentina , Kozhevnikova Valeria , Abramova Tatyana , Rozhkova Irina , Naidenko Sergey 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Far‐Eastern wildcat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) is a rare and poorly investigated nondomestic felid species. An attempt of freezing and cryopreserving Far‐Eastern wildcat spermatozoa in CaniPlus Freeze (CPF) medium is reported. Sperm was collected by electroejaculation from five adult Far‐Eastern wildcat captive‐born males. Epididymal spermatozoa from five adult randomly bred domestic cat males were used as a reference. The viability of frozen–thawed spermatozoa evaluated by double staining with SYBR Green I and PI followed by the subsequent confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was 38.2% ± 3.0% for the domestic cat and 38.0% ± 10.2% for the Far‐Eastern wildcat. The motility of frozen–thawed spermatozoa was 30.8% ± 9.8% for the domestic cat and 33.7% ± 15.1% for the Far‐Eastern wildcat. Sperm morphology was assessed by light microscopy. The total percentage of normal spermatozoa after freezing and thawing was 51.9 ± 5.9 for the domestic cat and 55.0% ± 6.4% for the Far‐Eastern wildcat. Defects of flagella were the most frequently observed abnormalities in both species (32.2% ± 4.8% and 30.8% ± 4.4% of all reported anomalies for the domestic cat and Far‐Eastern wildcat, respectively). Domestic cat epididymal and Far‐Eastern ejaculatory spermatozoa fertilized in vitro‐matured oocytes of the domestic cat (30.0% ± 5.5% and 35.5% ± 15.0%, respectively). Taken together, these results suggest that the freezing of Far‐Eastern wildcat spermatozoa with CPF medium is a suitable method for Felidae cryopreservation.
Identification of bacteria and fungi sampled from the conjunctival surface of normal horses in South‐East Queensland, Australia
Authors: Hampson Edith C. G. M. , Gibson Justine S. , Barot Mayank , Shapter Frances M. , Greer Ristan M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify bacteria and fungi found on the conjunctival surface of normal horse eyes; to investigate potential risk factors for these microflora; and to determine their susceptibility to common topical ophthalmic antimicrobials.Animals studiedA total of 95 client‐owned horses were studied.ProceduresHorses within sub‐tropical Australia (South‐East Queensland) were sampled once between April 2012 and March 2013. A conjunctival swab was taken from each eye and cultured for aerobic bacteria and fungi. Organisms were identified by colony morphology and phenotype. Antimicrobial disk diffusion susceptibility testing for commonly used antimicrobials was performed.ResultsPositive bacterial cultures were returned from 187/190 (98.4%) eyes from 94/95 (98.9%) horses. The most common species included Staphylococcus spp. (25.2% of total bacterial isolates), Bacillus cereus (17.4%), Bacillus spp. (14.1%), and Corynebacterium spp. (8.9%). Most bacterial isolates were susceptible to neomycin and fluoroquinolones. Positive fungal cultures were returned from 111/190 (58.4%) eyes from 73 (76.8%) horses. The most common species identified included: Penicillium spp. (16.7% of fungal isolates), Aspergillus spp. (15.4%), and Scopulariopsis spp. (10.3%). Most (≥90%) molds were susceptible to ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, and miconazole. Yeasts were most susceptible to ketoconazole. There was no significant effect of breed, age, sex, purpose, or housing of the horse or climatic conditions on bacterial or fungal culture status.ConclusionsBacteria and fungi were commonly isolated from the eyes of healthy horses. The antibiotic and antifungal susceptibilities identified can be used as a guide for empirical therapy after cytology in the treatment of corneal ulceration in horses.
The Impact of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Perinatal Outcomes for Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chiou Yi‐Ling , Hung Chich‐Hsiu , Liao Hsiu‐Yun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), an obstetric disease that affects the health of pregnant women, is one of the key factors associated with perinatal mortality or disease.AimsTo explore the impact of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on perinatal outcomes for women with GDM.MethodsWith a retrospective study design, women were recruited who received prenatal checkups, gave birth at two teaching hospitals in southern Taiwan from 1995 to 2011, and received a diagnosis of GDM by an obstetrician. A trained research assistant collected the participants’ data in each hospital's archives room. The researcher used a retrospective case study method to identify women who received a GDM diagnosis between 1995 and 2011.ResultsWomen with GDM and with an overweight prepregnancy BMI were more likely to have cesarean deliveries and to use glucose‐lowering medicines after delivery. Their newborns also had a higher birth weight. In addition, gestational hypertension and cesarean delivery were more common in women with GDM and with excessive GWG than in women with GDM and with normal GWG. The newborns of women with GDM and with excessive GWG had higher birth weights and more nuchal cord than those of women with GDM and with normal GWG. More women with GDM and with excessive GWG underwent blood glucose monitoring than did women with GDM and with normal GWG.Linking Evidence to ActionThe prepregnancy weight and GWG significantly affected perinatal outcomes in both the women with GDM themselves and their newborns. Healthcare professionals must provide childbearing women with additional health education in the areas of health promotion, nutrition, weight control, exercise, and maintaining regular everyday lives.
Expression of Long Noncoding RNA YIYA Promotes Glycolysis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xing Zhen , Zhang Yanyan , Liang Ke , Yan Liang , Xiang Yu , Li Chunlai , Hu Qingsong , Jin Feng , Putluri Vasanta , Putluri Nagireddy , Coarfa Cristian , Sreekumar Arun , Park Peter K. , Nguyen Tina K. , Wang Shouyu , Zhou Jianwei , Zhou Yan , Marks Jeffrey R. , Hawke David H. , Hung Mien-Chie , Yang Liuqing , Han Leng , Ying Haoqiang , Lin Chunru 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is yet to be linked to cancer metabolism. Here, we report that upregulation of the lncRNA LINC00538 (YIYA) promotes glycolysis, cell proliferation, and tumor growth in breast cancer. YIYA is associated with the cytosolic cyclin-dependent kinase CDK6 and regulated CDK6-dependent phosphorylation of the fructose bisphosphatase PFK2 (PFKFB3) in a cell-cycle–independent manner. In breast cancer cells, these events promoted catalysis of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose-2,6-bisphosphate/fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of YIYA or CDK6 silencing impaired glycolysis and tumor growth in vivo. In clinical specimens of breast cancer, YIYA was expressed in approximately 40% of cases where it correlated with CDK6 expression and unfavorable survival outcomes. Our results define a functional role for lncRNA in metabolic reprogramming in cancer, with potential clinical implications for its therapeutic targeting.
Significance: These findings offer a first glimpse into how a long-coding RNA influences cancer metabolism to drive tumor growth. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4524–32. ©2018 AACR.
PDSS2Deficiency Induces Hepatocarcinogenesis by Decreasing Mitochondrial Respiration and Reprogramming Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Li Yan , Lin Shuhai , Li Lei , Tang Zhi , Hu Yumin , Ban Xiaojiao , Zeng Tingting , Zhou Ying , Zhu Yinghui , Gao Song , Deng Wen , Zhang Xiaoshi , Xie Dan , Yuan Yunfei , Huang Peng , Li Jinjun , Cai Zongwei , Guan Xin-Yuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGlucose metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis is one of the hallmarks of cancer development. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and for antioxidant defense. Here, we investigated the role of a key factor in CoQ10 synthesis, prenyldiphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2), in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis. PDSS2 was frequently downregulated in HCC tissues and was significantly associated with poorer HCC prognosis (P = 0.027). PDSS2 downregulation was a prognostic factor independent of T status and stage (P = 0.028). Downregulation of CoQ10 was significantly correlated with downregulation of PDSS2 in HCC tumor tissues (R = 0.414; P &lt; 0.001). Of the six different splicing isoforms of PDSS2, the five variants other than full-length PDSS2 showed loss of function in HCC. Reintroduction of full-length PDSS2 into HCC cells increased CoQ10 and mitochondrial electron transport complex I activity and subsequently induced a metabolic shift from aerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration in cells. Reintroduction of PDSS2 also inhibited foci formation, colony formation in soft agar, and tumor formation in nude mice. Knockdown of PDSS2 induced chromosomal instability in the MIHA immortalized human liver cell line. Furthermore, knockdown of PDSS2 in MIHA induced malignant transformation. Overall, our findings indicate that PDSS2 deficiency might be a novel driving factor in HCC development.Significance: Downregulation of PDSS2 is a driving factor in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4471–81. ©2018 AACR.
Microenvironmental Cues Determine Tumor Cell Susceptibility to Neutrophil Cytotoxicity
Authors: Gershkovitz Maya , Fainsod-Levi Tanya , Khawaled Saleh , Shaul Merav E. , Sionov Ronit V. , Cohen-Daniel Leonor , Aqeilan Rami I. , Shaul Yoav D. , Fridlender Zvi G. , Granot Zvi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We have recently shown that neutrophil antitumor cytotoxicity is Ca2+ dependent and is mediated by TRPM2, an H2O2-dependent Ca2+ channel. However, neutrophil antitumor activity is dependent on context and is manifested in the premetastatic niche, but not at the primary site. We therefore hypothesized that expression of TRPM2 and the consequent susceptibility to neutrophil cytotoxicity may be associated with the epithelial/mesenchymal cellular state. We found that TRPM2 expression was upregulated during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and mesenchymal cells were more susceptible to neutrophil cytotoxicity. Conversely, cells undergoing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) expressed reduced levels of TRPM2, rendering them resistant to neutrophil cytotoxicity. Cells expressing reduced levels of TRPM2 were protected from neutrophil cytotoxicity and seeded more efficiently in the premetastatic lung. These data identify TRPM2 as the link between environmental cues at the primary tumor site, tumor cell susceptibility to neutrophil cytotoxicity, and disease progression. Furthermore, these data identify EMT as a process enhancing tumor-cell immune susceptibility and, by contrast, MET as a novel mode of immune evasion.
Significance: EMT is required for metastatic spread and concomitantly enhances tumor cell susceptibility to neutrophil cytotoxicity. Cancer Res; 78(17); 5050–9. ©2018 AACR.
Transcriptomic Characterization of Endometrioid, Clear Cell, and High-Grade Serous Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Fridley Brooke L. , Dai Junqiang , Raghavan Rama , Li Qian , Winham Stacey J. , Hou Xiaonan , Weroha S. John , Wang Chen , Kalli Kimberly R. , Cunningham Julie M. , Lawrenson Kate , Gayther Simon A. , Goode Ellen L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background: Endometrioid carcinoma (EC) and clear cell carcinoma (CC) histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer are understudied compared with the more common high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC). We therefore sought to characterize EC and CC transcriptomes in relation to HGSC.
Methods: Following bioinformatics processing and gene abundance normalization, differential expression analysis of RNA sequence data collected on fresh-frozen tumors was completed with nonparametric statistical analysis methods (55 ECs, 19 CCs, 112 HGSCs). Association of gene expression with progression-free survival (PFS) was completed with Cox proportional hazards models. Eight additional multi-histotype expression array datasets (N = 852 patients) were used for replication.
Results: In the discovery set, tumors generally clustered together by histotype. Thirty-two protein-coding genes were differentially expressed across histotype (P &lt; 1 × 10−10) and showed similar associations in replication datasets, including MAP2K6, KIAA1324, CDH1, ENTPD5, LAMB1, and DRAM1. Nine genes associated with PFS (P &lt; 0.0001) showed similar associations in replication datasets. In particular, we observed shorter PFS time for CC and EC patients with high gene expression for CCNB2, CORO2A, CSNK1G1, FRMD8, LIN54, LINC00664, PDK1, and PEX6, whereas, the converse was observed for HGSC patients.
Conclusions: The results suggest important histotype differences that may aid in the development of treatment options, particularly those for patients with EC or CC.
Impact: We present replicated findings on transcriptomic differences and how they relate to clinical outcome for two of the rarer ovarian cancer histotypes of EC and CC, along with comparison with the common histotype of HGSC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(9); 1101–9. ©2018 AACR.
A Combination of Approved Antibodies Overcomes Resistance of Lung Cancer to Osimertinib by Blocking Bypass Pathways
Authors: Romaniello Donatella , Mazzeo Luigi , Mancini Maicol , Marrocco Ilaria , Noronha Ashish , Kreitman Matthew , Srivastava Swati , Ghosh Soma , Lindzen Moshit , Salame Tomer Meir , Onn Amir , Bar Jair , Yarden Yosef 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Because of emergence of resistance to osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), no targeted treatments are available for patients with lung cancer who lose sensitivity due to new mutations or bypass mechanisms. We examined in animals and in vitro an alternative therapeutic approach making use of antibodies.
Experimental Design: An osimertinib-sensitive animal model of lung cancer, which rapidly develops drug resistance, has been employed. To overcome compensatory hyperactivation of ERK, which we previously reported, an anti-EGFR antibody (cetuximab) was combined with other antibodies, as well as with a subtherapeutic dose of osimertinib, and cancer cell apoptosis was assayed.
Results: Our animal studies identified a combination of three clinically approved drugs, cetuximab, trastuzumab (an anti-HER2 mAb), and osimertinib (low dose), as an effective and long-lasting treatment that is able to prevent onset of resistance to osimertinib. A continuous schedule of concurrent treatment was sufficient for effective tumor inhibition and for prevention of relapses. Studies employing cultured cells and analyses of tumor extracts indicated that the combination of two mAbs and a subtherapeutic TKI dose sorted EGFR and HER2 for degradation; cooperatively enhanced apoptosis; inhibited activation of ERK; and reduced abundance of several bypass proteins, namely MET, AXL, and HER3.
Conclusions: Our in vitro assays and animal studies identified an effective combination of clinically approved drugs that might overcome resistance to irreversible TKIs in clinical settings. The results we present attribute the long-lasting effect of the drug combination to simultaneous blockade of several well-characterized mechanisms of drug resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5610–21. ©2018 AACR.
See related commentary by Fan and Yu, p. 5499
Oligosaccharyltransferase Inhibition Reduces Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activation and Enhances Glioma Radiosensitivity
Authors: Baro Marta , Lopez Sambrooks Cecilia , Quijano Amanda , Saltzman W. Mark , Contessa Joseph 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Parallel signaling reduces the effects of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)–targeted therapies in glioma. We hypothesized that inhibition of protein N-linked glycosylation, an endoplasmic reticulum co- and posttranslational modification crucial for RTK maturation and activation, could provide a new therapeutic approach for glioma radiosensitization.
Experimental Design: We investigated the effects of a small-molecule inhibitor of the oligosaccharyltransferase (NGI-1) on EGFR family receptors, MET, PDGFR, and FGFR1. The influence of glycosylation state on tumor cell radiosensitivity, chemotherapy-induced cell toxicity, DNA damage, and cell-cycle arrest were determined and correlated with glioma cell receptor expression profiles. The effects of NGI-1 on xenograft tumor growth were tested using a nanoparticle formulation validated by in vivo molecular imaging. A mechanistic role for RTK signaling was evaluated through the expression of a glycosylation-independent CD8-EGFR chimera.

Results:
NGI-1 reduced glycosylation, protein levels, and activation of most RTKs. NGI-1 also enhanced the radiosensitivity and cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy in those glioma cells with elevated ErbB family activation, but not in cells without high levels of RTK activation. NGI-1 radiosensitization was associated with increases in both DNA damage and G1 cell-cycle arrest. Combined treatment of glioma xenografts with fractionated radiotherapy and NGI-1 significantly reduced tumor growth compared with controls. Expression of the CD8-EGFR eliminated the effects of NGI-1 on G1 arrest, DNA damage, and cellular radiosensitivity, identifying RTK inhibition as the principal mechanism for the NGI-1 effect.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that oligosaccharyltransferase inhibition with NGI-1 is a novel approach to radiosensitize malignant gliomas with enhanced RTK signaling.
See related commentary by Wahl and Lawrence, p. 455