bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social interaction and conceptual change pave the way away from children’s misconceptions about the Earth
Authors: de la Hera Diego Pablo , Sigman Mariano , Calero Cecilia Ines 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThroughout development, children undergo moments of abrupt conceptual transitions, often replacing intuitive knowledge with grounded scientific theories. This typically also creates a situation of social conflict, as different children may hold at the same time substantially different theories and explanations about the same phenomenon. The main objective of this work is to understand whether social interaction and exchange of arguments and reasoning may be a catalyzer for conceptual development. Dyads of 7-year-old children with different conceptual understanding of the Earth were asked to reach a consensus about its astronomic and geometric properties. Our results show that mere minutes of deliberation can result in substantial changes in children’s conceptual representations, and moreover, that this transition was consistently in the direction of reasoned and scientific opinions. These results provide empirical evidence and suggest specific ways in which peer interaction can be used effectively to promote conceptual change in school settings, in a knowledge domain at the center of this era’s post truth and science denial crisis.
Interrogation of a live-attenuated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine highlights features unique to wild-type infection
Authors: Chakraborty Subhra , Randall Arlo , Vickers Tim J. , Molina Doug , Harro Clayton D. , DeNearing Barbara , Brubaker Jessica , Sack David A. , Bourgeois A. Louis , Felgner Philip L. , Liang Xiaowu , Mani Sachin , Wenzel Heather , Townsend R. Reid , Gilmore Petra E. , Darsley Michael J. , Rasko David A. , Fleckenstein James M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are a common cause of severe diarrheal illness in low- and middle-income countries. The live-attenuated ACE527 ETEC vaccine, adjuvanted with double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT), affords clear but partial protection against ETEC challenge in human volunteers. Comparatively, initial wild-type ETEC challenge completely protects against severe diarrhea on homologous re-challenge. To investigate determinants of protection, vaccine antigen content was compared to wild-type ETEC, and proteome microarrays were used to assess immune responses following vaccination and ETEC challenge. Although molecular interrogation of the vaccine confirmed expression of targeted canonical antigens, relative to wild-type ETEC, vaccine strains were deficient in production of flagellar antigens, immotile, and lacked production of the EtpA adhesin. Similarly, vaccination ± dmLT elicited responses to targeted canonical antigens, but relative to wild-type challenge, vaccine responses to some potentially protective non-canonical antigens including EtpA and the YghJ metalloprotease were diminished or absent. These studies highlight important differences in vaccine and wild-type ETEC antigen content and call attention to distinct immunologic signatures that could inform investigation of correlates of protection, and guide vaccine antigen selection for these pathogens of global importance.
Delta-radiomics features during radiotherapy improve the prediction of late xerostomia
Authors: van Dijk Lisanne V. , Langendijk Johannes A. , Zhai Tian-Tian , Vedelaar Thea A. , Noordzij Walter , Steenbakkers Roel J. H. M. , Sijtsema Nanna M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe response of the major salivary glands, the parotid glands, to radiation dose is patient-specific. This study was designed to investigate whether parotid gland changes seen in weekly CT during treatment, quantified by delta-radiomics features (Δfeatures), could improve the prediction of moderate-to-severe xerostomia at 12 months after radiotherapy (Xer12m). Parotid gland Δfeatures were extracted from in total 68 planning and 340 weekly CTs, representing geometric, intensity and texture characteristics. Bootstrapped forward variable selection was performed to identify the best predictors of Xer12m. The predictive contribution of the resulting Δfeatures to a pre-treatment reference model, based on contralateral parotid gland mean dose and baseline xerostomia scores (Xerbaseline) only, was evaluated. Xer12m was reported by 26 (38%) of the 68 patients included. The most predictive Δfeature was the contralateral parotid gland surface change, which was significantly associated with Xer12m for all weeks (p < 0.04), but performed best for week 3 (ΔPG-surfacew3; p < 0.001). Moreover, ∆PG-surfacew3 showed a significant predictive contribution in addition to the pre-treatment reference model (likelihood-ratio test; p = 0.003), resulting in a significantly better model performance (AUCtrain = 0.92; AUCtest = 0.93) compared to that of the pre-treatment model (AUCtrain = 0.82; AUCtest = 0.82). These results suggest that mid-treatment parotid gland changes substantially improve the prediction of late radiation-induced xerostomia.
Dietary intake influences gut microbiota development of healthy Australian children from the age of one to two years
Authors: Matsuyama Misa , Morrison Mark , Cao Kim-Anh Lê , Pruilh Solange , Davies Peter S. W. , Wall Clare , Lovell Amy , Hill Rebecca J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEarly life nutrition is a vital determinant of an individual’s life-long health and also directly influences the ecological and functional development of the gut microbiota. However, there are limited longitudinal studies examining the effect of diet on the gut microbiota development in early childhood. Here, up to seven stool samples were collected from each of 48 healthy children during their second year of life, and microbiota dynamics were assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Children’s dietary information was also collected during the same period using a validated food frequency questionnaire designed for this age group, over five time points. We observed significant changes in gut microbiota community, concordant with changes in the children’s dietary pattern over the 12-month period. In particular, we found differential effects on specific Firmicutes-affiliated lineages in response to frequent intake of either processed or unprocessed foods. Additionally, the consumption of fortified milk supplemented with aBifidobacteriumprobiotic and prebiotics (synbiotics) further increased the presence ofBifidobacteriumspp., highlighting the potential use of synbiotics to prolong and sustain changes in these lineages and shaping the gut microbiota community in young children.
Simultaneous growth of three-dimensional carbon nanotubes and ultrathin graphite networks on copper
Authors: Jang Lee-Woon , Shim Jaeho , Son Dong Ick , Cho Hyunjin , Zhang Luman , Zhang Jie , Menghini Mariela , Locquet Jean-Pierre , Seo Jin Won 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new way to simultaneously grow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ultrathin graphite on copper (Cu) foils has been investigated. This one-step growth process yields three-dimensional networks of CNTs on graphitic layers (3D CNTs/G) on Cu foils. Their synthesis conditions and growth mechanism are discussed in detail taking their structural properties into account. Individual CNTs and the 3D CNTs/G networks by means of an in-situ conductive atomic force microscope inside a scanning electron microscope are electrically characterized. Time-resolved photoluminescence demonstrated fast charge transfer and high carrier collection efficiency superior to two-dimensional ultrathin graphite only. Their facile and tunable growth and excellent electrical properties show that the 3D CNTs/G are strongly attractive for various applications such as solar cells, sensors, supercapacitors, photovoltaics, power generation, and optoelectronics.
An azimuthally-modified linear phase grating: Generation of varied radial carpet beams over different diffraction orders with controlled intensity sharing among the generated beams
Authors: Rasouli Saifollah , Khazaei Ali Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiffraction gratings are important optical components and are used in many areas of optics such as in spectroscopy. A diffraction grating is a periodic structure that splits and diffracts the impinging light beam into several beams travelling in different directions. The diffracted beams from a grating are commonly called diffraction orders. The directions of the diffraction orders depend on the grating period and the wavelength of the impinging light beam so that a grating can be used as a dispersive element. In the diffraction of a plane wave from a conventional grating, the intensities of diffracted beams decrease with increasing order of diffraction. Here, we introduce a new type of grating where in the diffraction of a plane wave, the intensity of a given higher order diffracted beam can be higher than the intensity of the lower orders. We construct these gratings by adding an azimuthal periodic dependency to the argument of the transmission function of a linear phase grating that has a sinusoidal profile and we call them azimuthally-modified linear phase gratings (AMLPGs). In this work, in addition to introducing AMLPGs, we present the generation of varied radial carpet beams over different diffraction orders of an AMLPG with controlled intensity sharing among the generated beams. A radial carpet beam is generated in the diffraction of a plane wave from a radial phase grating. We show that for a given value of the phase amplitude over the host linear phase grating, one of the diffraction orders is predominant and by increasing the value of the phase amplitude, the intensity sharing changes in favor of the higher orders. The theory of the work and experimental results are presented. In comparison with the diffraction of a plane wave from radial phase gratings, the use of AMLPGs provides high contrast diffraction patterns and presents varied radial carpet beams over the different diffraction orders of the host linear phase grating. The resulting patterns over different diffraction orders are specified and their differences are determined. The diffraction grating introduced with controlled intensity sharing among different diffraction orders might find wide applications in many areas of optics such as optical switches. We show that AMLPG-based radial carpet beams can be engineered in which they acquire sheet-like spokes. This feature nominates them for potential applications in light sheet microscopy. In addition, a detailed analysis of the multiplication of the diffraction pattern of an AMLPG by the 2D structure of a spatial light modulator is presented. The presented theory is confirmed by respective experiments.
Reversibly switching water droplets wettability on hierarchical structured Cu2S mesh for efficient oil/water separation
Authors: Xu Shanya , Sheng Rui , Cao Yali , Yan Junfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSurfaces with reversible wettability have broad applications but remain challenging since the switching process is usually energy intensive and complex. In this paper, a pyramid shaped Cu2S film with hierarchical micro/nanostructures is formed on a commercial copper mesh. This film is formed by a spontaneous redox sulfuration reaction and results in a roughened surface, which enables reversible wetting transition between superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity. This switching occurs by simple processes such as alternately storing in air or using an ethanol solution treatment and yields cyclic wettability switching for many cycles. This convenient wetting transition behavior, as well as strong stability and efficient oil/water separation with efficiency exceeding 98%, renders it as a potentially useful mesh material for switchable surfaces.
Discovery of HSPG2 (Perlecan) as a Therapeutic Target in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Kalscheuer Stephen , Khanna Vidhi , Kim Hyunjoon , Li Sihan , Sachdev Deepali , DeCarlo Arthur , Yang Da , Panyam Jayanth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there have been significant advances in the treatment of breast cancer resulting in remarkably high survival rates. However, treatment options for metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are quite limited due to a lack of identifiable, unique markers. Using a phage display-based whole cell biopanning procedure, we developed two human antibodies that bind to tumor cells with a metastatic TNBC phenotype. Our studies further identified domain 1 of HSPG2 (perlecan) protein as the cognate cell surface antigen bound by the antibody. Immunohistochemistry studies utilizing patient tissue samples revealed significant cell surface expression of HSPG2 in both primary tumors and metastatic lesions. Further, higher HSPG2 expression correlated with poor survival in TNBC. The affinity-matured antibody inhibited the growth of triple negative MDA-MB-231 tumors to a greater extent in nude mice than in NSG mice, pointing to the potential role of natural killer cell-mediated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. This mechanism of action was confirmed through in vitro assays using mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These results suggest that HSPG2 is a promising target in metastatic TNBC and HSPG2-targeted antibodies could represent a potentially novel class of targeted therapeutics for TNBC.
The Spatial and Temporal Influence of Cloud Cover on Satellite-Based Emergency Mapping of Earthquake Disasters
Authors: Robinson Tom R. , Rosser Nick , Walters Richard J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe ability to rapidly access optical satellite imagery is now an intrinsic component of managing the disaster response that follows a major earthquake. These images provide synoptic data on the impacts, extent, and intensity of damage, which is essential for mitigating further losses by feeding into the response coordination. However, whilst the efficiency of the response can be hampered when cloud cover limits image availability, spatio-temporal variations in cloud cover have never been considered as part of the design of effective disaster mapping. Here we show how annual variations in cloud cover may affect our capacity to respond rapidly throughout the year and consequently contribute to overall earthquake risk. We find that on a global scale when accounting for cloud, the worst time of year for an earthquake disaster is between June and August. During these months, 40% of the global population at risk from earthquakes are obscured from optical satellite view for >3 consecutive days. Southeastern Asia is particularly strongly affected, accounting for the majority of the population at risk from earthquakes that could be obscured by cloud in every month. Our results demonstrate the importance of the timing of earthquakes in terms of our capacity to respond effectively, highlighting the need for more intelligent design of disaster response that is not overly reliant on optical satellite imagery.
Genome-wide association study of knee pain identifies associations with GDF5 and COL27A1 in UK Biobank
Authors: Meng Weihua , Adams Mark J. , Palmer Colin N. A. ,   The 23andMe Research Team, Agee Michelle , Alipanahi Babak , Bell Robert K. , Bryc Katarzyna , Elson Sarah L. , Fontanillas Pierre , Furlotte Nicholas A. , Hicks Barry , Hinds David A. , Huber Karen E. , Jewett Ethan M. , Jiang Yunxuan , Kleinman Aaron , Lin Keng-Han , Litterman Nadia K. , McCreight Jennifer C. , McIntyre Matthew H. , McManus Kimberly F. , Mountain Joanna L. , Noblin Elizabeth S. , Northover Carrie A. M , Pitts Steven J. , Poznik G. David , Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah , Shelton Janie F. , Shringarpure Suyash , Tian Chao , Tung Joyce Y. , Vacic Vladimir , Wang Xin , Wilson Catherine H. , Shi Jingchunzi , Auton Adam , Ryan Kathleen A. , Jordan Joanne M. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Yau Michelle S. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Smith Blair H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractKnee pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints that brings people to medical attention. Approximately 50% of individuals over the age of 50 report an experience of knee pain within the past 12 months. We sought to identify the genetic variants associated with knee pain in 171,516 subjects from the UK Biobank cohort and seek supporting evidence in cohorts from 23andMe, the Osteoarthritis Initiative, and the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. We identified two loci that reached genome-wide significance in the UK Biobank: rs143384, located in GDF5 (P = 1.32 × 10−12), a gene previously implicated in osteoarthritis; and rs2808772, located near COL27A1 (P = 1.49 × 10−8). These findings were supported in cohorts with self-reported osteoarthritis/radiographic knee osteoarthritis without pain information. In this report on genome-wide association of knee pain, we identified two loci in or near GDF5 and COL27A1 that are associated with knee pain.
Pic1, counteracting plant immunity signalling
Authors: Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Plants are equipped with versatile pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which monitor their external environment and elicit defensive measures upon detection of potential risk for disease. Inside the cell, receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) are key components of PRR signalling, but their molecular functions and regulatory interactions are not yet fully understood. In tomato, two RLCKs, Pti1a and Pti1b, are important signalling components that relay early defence signals elicited by bacterial flagellin, a conserved pattern common to various pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. An important question to resolve is how plant immune reactions are regulated to prevent unnecessary defensive measures. A recent paper published in the Biochemical Journal by Giska and Martin [Biochem. J. (2019) 476, 1621–1635] reports the identification and biochemical characterization of a new tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) protein phosphatase that negatively controls early defence signalling. The phosphatase, termed pattern-triggered immunity inhibiting PP2C 1 (Pic1), negatively controls the signalling function of Pti1b and therefore holds a central position in the defence signalling network. The Pti1b–Pic1 kinase–phosphatase interaction provides mechanistic insights that forward our understanding of protein phosphatases and their importance in plant immunity.
Predictors of Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Outcome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fanelli Daniele , Mercurio Michele , Gasparini Giorgio , Galasso Olimpio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis systematic review investigates factors associated with outcomes after meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT). The PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register databases were used to search relevant articles in April 2018. Studies that evaluated at least one association between a factor and outcomes were extracted. Of 3,381 titles, 52 studies were finally analyzed. Data about predictors, patient-reported outcome scores (PROMs), and failure rates were extracted for quantitative and qualitative analysis. A total of 3,382 patients and 3,460 transplants were identified. Thirty different predictors were reported in the current MAT literature, 18 of which by at least two studies. Subgroup analysis showed that lateral MAT had higher postoperative values than medial MAT in Lysholm's (p = 0.0102) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC; p = 0.0056) scores. Soft tissue fixation showed higher postoperative IKDC scores than bone fixation (p = 0.0008). Fresh frozen allografts had higher Lysholm's scores (p < 0.0001) and showed significantly lower failure rates (p < 0.0001) than cryopreserved allografts. Age (p < 0.015, β = 0.80), sex (p < 0.034, β  =  − 8.52), and body mass index (BMI; p < 0.014, β = −4.87) demonstrated an association with PROMs in the regression model. Qualitative analysis found moderate evidence that a higher number of previous procedures in the same knee are an independent predictor of transplant failure. Conflicting evidence was found with regard to chondral damage, time from meniscectomy, smoke, sport level, worker's compensation status, and preoperative Lysholm's score as predictors of outcomes. Our review suggests that the ideal candidate to undergo MAT may be a young male of normal weight with no previous knee surgeries, treated with a lateral isolated procedure. However, MAT is associated with good outcomes in the majority of patients with many of the PROMs requiring further study to determine their direct effects on long-term outcomes. This study is a systematic review and reflects level of evidence IV.
A History of Past Prostate Cancer Still Carries Risk After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Rosas Samuel , Tipton Shane , Luo T. David , Kerr Bethany A. , Plate Johannes F. , Willey Jeffrey S. , Emory Cynthia L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the North American elderly population. Moreover, many patients undergo prostate resection without further treatment and are often considered cured. As such, it is expected that many undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis while having a history of PCa. Nonetheless, limited research is available on this topic, and without it, surgeons may not be aware of increased complication rates. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether patients at a national level with a history of PCa are at increased risk for complications after TKA. A retrospective case–control, comorbidity matched paired analysis was performed. Patients were identified based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes and matched 1:1 ratio to age, smoker status, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease, smoking status, and obesity. Patients with active disease were excluded. The 90-day outcomes of TKA were compared through univariate regressions (odds ratios [ORs] and 95% confidence intervals). A total of 2,381,706 TKA patients were identified, and after matching, each comprised 113,365 patients with the same prevalence of the matched comorbidities and demographic characteristics. A significant increase in thromboembolic events that was clinically relevant was found in pulmonary embolisms (PEs) (1.44 vs. 0.4%, OR: 3.04, p < 0.001), Moreover, an increased rate of deep vein thromboses was also seen but was found to be not clinically significant (2.55 vs. 2.85%, OR: 1.19). Although length of stay and other complications were similar, average reimbursements were higher for those with a history of PCa. In conclusion, a history of prior PCa carries significant risk as these patients continue to develop increased PE rates during the 90-day postoperative period which appears to lead to greater economic expenditure. Surgeons and payers should include this comorbidity in risk and patient-specific payment models.