bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irisin promotes cardiac progenitor cell‐induced myocardial repair and functional improvement in infarcted heart
Authors: Zhao Yu Tina , Wang Jianguo , Yano Naohiro , Zhang Ling X. , Wang Hao , Zhang Shouyan , Qin Gangjian , Dubielecka Patrycja M. , Zhuang Shougang , Liu Paul Y. , Chin Y. Eugene , Zhao Ting C. 
Published: September 2018

Irisin, a newly identified hormone and cardiokine, is critical for modulating body metabolism. New evidence indicates that irisin protects the heart against myocardial ischemic injury. However, whether irisin enhances cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)‐induced cardiac repair remains unknown. This study examines the effect of irisin on CPC‐induced cardiac repair when these cells are introduced into the infarcted myocardium. Nkx2.5+ CPC stable cells were isolated from mouse embryonic stem cells. Nkx2.5
+ CPCs (0.5 × 10
6) were reintroduced into the infarcted myocardium using PEGlylated fibrin delivery. The mouse myocardial infarction model was created by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Nkx2.5
+ CPCs were pretreated with irisin at a concentration of 5 ng/ml in vitro for 24 hr before transplantation. Myocardial functions were evaluated by echocardiographic measurement. Eight weeks after engraftment, Nkx2.5
+ CPCs improved ventricular function as evident by an increase in ejection fraction and fractional shortening. These findings are concomitant with the suppression of cardiac hypertrophy and attenuation of myocardial interstitial fibrosis. Transplantation of Nkx2.5
+ CPCs promoted cardiac regeneration and neovascularization, which were increased with the pretreatment of Nkx2.5
+ CPCs with irisin. Furthermore, irisin treatment promoted myocyte proliferation as indicated by proliferative markers Ki67 and phosphorylated histone 3 and decreased apoptosis. Additionally, irisin resulted in a marked reduction of histone deacetylase 4 and increased p38 acetylation in cultured CPCs. These results indicate that irisin promoted Nkx2.5
+ CPC‐induced cardiac regeneration and functional improvement and that irisin serves as a novel therapeutic approach for stem cells in cardiac repair.
Combination of dihydromyricetin and ondansetron strengthens antiproliferative efficiency of adriamycin in K562/ADR through downregulation of SORCIN: A new strategy of inhibiting P‐glycoprotein
Authors: Sun Yaoting , Liu Wei , Wang Changyuan , Meng Qiang , Liu Zhihao , Huo Xiaokui , Yang Xiaobo , Sun Pengyuan , Sun Huijun , Ma Xiaodong , Peng Jinyong , Liu Kexin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThough the advancement of chemotherapy drugs alleviates the progress of cancer, long‐term therapy with anticancer agents gradually leads to acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), which limits the survival outcomes in patients. It was shown that dihydromyricetin (DMY) could partly reverse MDR by suppressing P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and soluble resistance‐related calcium‐binding protein (SORCIN) independently. To reverse MDR more effectively, a new strategy was raised, that is, circumventing MDR by the coadministration of DMY and ondansetron (OND), a common antiemetic drug, during cancer chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the interior relation between P‐gp and SORCIN was also revealed. The combination of DMY and OND strongly enhanced antiproliferative efficiency of adriamycin (ADR) because of the increasing accumulation of ADR in K562/ADR‐resistant cell line. DMY could downregulate the expression of SORCIN and P‐gp via the ERK/Akt pathways, whereas OND could not. In addition, it was proved that SORCIN suppressed ERK and Akt to inhibit P‐gp by the silence of SORCIN, however, not vice versa. Finally, the combination of DMY, OND, and ADR led to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via resuming P53 function and restraining relevant proteins expression. These fundamental findings provided a promising approach for further treatment of MDR.
Synthesis and biodistribution studies of 99mTc labeled fatty acid derivatives prepared via “Click approach” for potential use in cardiac imaging
Authors: Das Soumen , Mathur Anupam , Sakhare Navin , Mallia Madhava B. , Sarma Haladhar Dev , Sachdev Satbir Singh , Dash Ashutosh 
Published: September 2018

123I‐Iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA) is a metabolic agent used in nuclear medicine for diagnosis of myocardial defects. Efforts are underway worldwide to develop a 99mTc substitute of the above radiopharmaceutical for the aforementioned application. Herein, we report synthesis and biodistribution studies of 99mTc labeled fatty acids (8, 11, and 15 carbons) obtained via “click chemistry” for its potential use in myocardial imaging.ω‐Bromo fatty acids (8C/11C/15C) were synthetically modified at bromo terminal to introduce a heterocyclic triazole with glycine sidearm in a five step procedure. Modified fatty acids were subsequently radiolabeled with preformed [99mTc(CO)3]+ synthon to yield the desired fatty acid complexes which were evaluated in Swiss mice.All the radiolabeled complexes were obtained with radiochemical purities >80%, as characterized by HPLC. Biodistribution studies of all three complexes in Swiss mice showed myocardial uptake of ~6‐9% ID/g at 2 minutes post‐injection, close to*I‐IPPA (~9% ID/g). Complexes exhibited significant retention in the myocardium up to 30 minutes (~1% ID/g) but were lower to the standard agent (~7% ID/g).Similar uptake of activity in myocardium for the newly synthesized complexes in comparison to 125I‐IPPA along with favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics merits potential for the present “click” design of complexes for myocardial imaging.
Eine Prise Kohlenstoff für die Erde
Authors: Gail Hans‐Peter , Trieloff Mario 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObwohl Kohlenstoff nach kosmischen Maßstäben häufig ist, hat unser Heimatplanet nur eine verschwindend kleine Menge davon mitbekommen. Dafür scheinen Hochtemperaturprozesse verantwortlich zu sein, die bei der Planetenentstehung im frühen Sonnensystem auftraten. Solche Prozesse sind von
Polykristalline Oberflächen als Strukturbibliothek
Authors: Suchorski Yuri , Rupprechter Günther 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUm heterogene Katalyse zu verstehen, sind Oberflächenstrukturbibliotheken oft besser geeignet als Einkristalle: Kombiniert mit ortsaufgelösten kinetischen Experimenten lassen sich damit die Eigenschaften verschiedener kristallographischer Orientierungen unter identischen Reaktionsbedingungen gleichzeitig bestimmen. Die Oberflächen polykristalliner Edelmetallfolien und gekrümmter Kristalle geben Einblicke in katalytische Zündung, Reaktionsfrontfortpflanzung und oszillierende Oberflächenreaktionen.
Von Kautschuk zu Metallen: ein Werkslabor mit Weltgeltung
Authors: Möckl Leonhard , Evers Jürgen , Herzog Christiane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnfang des 20. Jahrhunderts leitete zunächst der Chemiker Salomon Axelrod das chemische Laboratorium im Kabelwerk Oberspree. Sein Hauptforschungsgebiet war Kautschuk. Nach seinem Tod übernahm der Ingenieur Wichard von Moellendorff die Leitung des Labors, und Forschungsschwerpunkt wurden Metalle. Der Name eines seiner Laboranten steht noch heute in Chemiebüchern: Jan Czochralski.
Labortechnik ‐ Digital statt Analog
Authors: Wetterau Jörg 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRoboter, Digitalisierung, Internet der Dinge, vernetzte Geräte und Datensicherheit verändern Labore. Die Fachmessen Analytica im April in München und Achema im Juni in Frankfurt zeigten Trends und Fortschritte bei der Laborautomation.
Umbrüche beim Kunststoffrecycling
Authors: Probst Thomas U. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDie europäische Kunststoffstrategie hat dem Recycling größere Aufmerksamkeit in Politik und Öffentlichkeit verschafft. Es gibt dadurch deutliche Marktveränderungen – nicht zuletzt getrieben vom Abfalleinfuhrstopp der Volksrepublik China.
Chemiedidaktik: "For Secret Writing can be used ..."
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMacht Geheimdienstarbeit paranoid? Die Central Intelligence Agency, CIA, hat Dokumente über Geheimtinten mit teilweise trivialen chemischen Rezepturen mehr als 90 Jahre lang geheim gehalten. Die Antwort muss daher mindestens „möglicherweise“ lauten. Für den Chemieunterricht liefern diese Dokumente und andere historische Schriften Anreize, chemische Reaktionen in einem Zusammenhang zu thematisieren, der Lernende motiviert.
Not as easy as π: An insertional residue does not explain the π‐helix gain‐of‐function in two‐component FMN reductases
Authors: McFarlane Jeffrey S. , Hagen Richard A. , Chilton Annemarie S. , Forbes Dianna L. , Lamb Audrey L. , Ellis Holly R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe π‐helix located at the tetramer interface of two‐component FMN‐dependent reductases contributes to the structural divergence from canonical FMN‐bound reductases within the NADPH:FMN reductase family. The π‐helix in the SsuE FMN‐dependent reductase of the alkanesulfonate monooxygenase system has been proposed to be generated by the insertion of a Tyr residue in the conserved α4‐helix. Variants of Tyr118 were generated, and their X‐ray crystal structures determined, to evaluate how these alterations affect the structural integrity of the π‐helix. The structure of the Y118A SsuE π‐helix was converted to an α‐helix, similar to the FMN‐bound members of the NADPH:FMN reductase family. Although the π‐helix was altered, the FMN binding region remained unchanged. Conversely, deletion of Tyr118 disrupted the secondary structural properties of the π‐helix, generating a random coil region in the middle of helix 4. Both the Y118A and Δ118 SsuE SsuE variants crystallize as a dimer. The MsuE FMN reductase involved in the desulfonation of methanesulfonates is structurally similar to SsuE, but the π‐helix contains a His insertional residue. Exchanging the π‐helix insertional residue of each enzyme did not result in equivalent kinetic properties. Structure‐based sequence analysis further demonstrated the presence of a similar Tyr residue in an FMN‐bound reductase in the NADPH:FMN reductase family that is not sufficient to generate a π‐helix. Results from the structural and functional studies of the FMN‐dependent reductases suggest that the insertional residue alone is not solely responsible for generating the π‐helix, and additional structural adaptions occur to provide the altered gain of function.
Morphology of the petrosal and stapes of Borealestes (Mammaliaformes, Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of Skye, Scotland
Authors: Panciroli Elsa , Schultz Julia A. , Luo Zhe‐Xi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe describe, in unprecedented detail, the petrosals and stapes of the docodont Borealestes from the Middle Jurassic of Scotland, using high resolution μCT and phase‐contrast synchrotron imaging. We describe the inner ear endocast and the vascularized interior structure of the petrosal, and provide the first endocranial view of a docodontan petrosal. Our study confirms some similarities in petrosal and stapedial morphology with the better known Haldanodon of the Late Jurassic of Portugal, including: (1) the degree of curvature of the cochlea; (2) multiple features related to the highly pneumatized paroccipital region; (3) the shape of lateral trough, the fossa of the M. tensor tympani, and the ridge on the promontorium; (4) the round shape of the fenestra vestibuli; and (5) overall morphology of the stapes. But Borealestes differs from Haldanodon in having a bony ridge that separates the tympanic opening of the prootic canal, the secondary facial foramen and the hiatus Fallopii, from the fenestra vestibuli. We identify two new vascular structures: the anterior and posterior trans‐cochlear sinuses, which traverse the pars cochlearis around the cochlear nerve (VIII). These trans‐cochlear sinuses have not been observed in previous docodont specimens, and could be an autapomorphy of Borealestes, or apomorphic for this clade. We also establish the anatomical relationship of the circum‐promontorium plexus to the inner endocast. The high quality of our scans has made these structures visible for the first time.
Complex Dome Growth at Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy) in the Last 15 ka
Authors: Marturano A. , Isaia R. , Aiello G. , Barra D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) is an active volcanic system characterized by significant long‐ and short‐term ground deformation phenomena ranging the maxima values in the central sector of the caldera, where La Starza marine terrace is located. A detailed study of the La Starza provided crucial clues for understanding the resurgence of the central sector of the caldera following the 15‐ka Neapolitan Yellow Tuff eruption. The doming of the caldera floor, marked by two primary episodes of uplift, began soon after the collapse of about 110 m following the eruption. The first doming (15–9.2 ka) occurred as a response to loss of lithostatic loading producing magma influx, possibly regulated by thermal magmatic convection and chaotic movement inside the magma reservoir under the caldera. The calculated ~90 m of structural uplift is the persistent displacement correlated with magma volumes intruded accompanying the contemporaneous volcanic activity. The second episode of uplift (5.5–3.8 ka) produced a ground deformation pattern similar to that measured during recent unrest crises suggesting a stable and shallow (~4‐km deep) source of strain like a sill in an elastic half space. By this geometry and inversion of surface deformation, the volume of intruded material was determined. Simply varying pressure history as input, the time history of the surface deformation was reproduced by using spherical source geometry with a concentric viscoelastic shell 8‐km deep. The satisfactory comparison between the two models is a useful indication for interpreting the current unrest phase at the Campi Flegrei caldera.
Modeling the Effect of Moss Cover on Soil Temperature and Carbon Fluxes at a Tundra Site in Northeastern Siberia
Authors: Park Hotaek , Launiainen Samuli , Konstantinov Pavel Y. , Iijima Yoshihiro , Fedorov Alexander N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMosses strongly affect water and heat fluxes due their high water holding capacity and the provision of insulation. A land surface model (the coupled hydrological and biogeochemical process model, CHANGE) was used to quantitatively assess the influence of moss cover on soil temperature (TSOIL), active layer thickness (ALT), and ecosystem carbon balance. The CHANGE model was coupled with a moss process module, enabling the explicit representation of heat, water, and carbon exchange in the atmosphere‐vegetation‐moss‐soil system. The model was applied to a tundra site in northeastern Siberia over the period of 1980–2013. The results were validated with in situ observations and indicated a high level of insulation by the moss, resulting in warmer winter and cooler summer TSOIL and smaller ALT. The sensitivities of TSOIL and ALT to moss coverage and thickness were examined using model experiments. An increase in moss thickness lowered the summer TSOIL by 0.9–2.1 °C and reduced ALT by 9–20 cm compared with a moss‐free experiment. The moss‐induced cooler TSOIL in the root zone could limit the productivity of vegetation by reducing water availability to plant roots due to the presence of ice. This limitation increased with increasing moss layer thickness and coverage. The productivity of the moss itself increased with thickness, partially offsetting the reduction in vegetation productivity. Our modeling study suggests that the moss layer has a significant impact on TSOIL, ALT, and carbon balance in the Arctic tundra and may play an important role in future Arctic warming.
Movements and dive behaviour of a toothfish-depredating killer and sperm whale
Authors: Towers Jared R , Tixier Paul , Ross Katherine A , Bennett John , Arnould John P Y , Pitman Robert L , Durban John W 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDepredation of demersal longlines by killer and sperm whales is a widespread behaviour that impacts fisheries and whale populations. To better understand how depredating whales behave in response to fishing activity, we deployed satellite-linked location and dive-profile tags on a sperm and killer whale that were depredating Patagonian toothfish from commercial longlines off South Georgia. The sperm and killer whale followed one fishing vessel for &gt;180 km and &gt;300 km and repeatedly depredated when longlines were being retrieved over periods of 6 and 7 d, respectively. Their behaviours were also sometimes correlated with the depths and locations of deployed gear. They both dove significantly deeper and faster when depredating compared with when foraging naturally. The killer whale dove &gt;750 m on five occasions while depredating (maximum: 1087 m), but these deep dives were always followed by long periods (3.9–4.6 h) of shallow (&lt;100 m) diving. We hypothesize that energetically and physiologically costly dive behaviour while depredating is driven by intra- and inter-specific competition due to the limited availability of this abundant resource.
Ecological best practice in decommissioning: a review of scientific research
Authors: Fortune I S , Paterson D M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPAR) decision 98/3 prohibits the dumping of man-made structures (MMS) offshore. However, there are regions of the world where MMS are recognized as providing an ecological and societal benefit through the provision of ecosystem goods and services. This review provides a commentary on our current understanding of the ecological influence of man-made structures, the consequences of their decommissioning and recognizes that our knowledge is far from complete. It is known that a diverse and complex ecosystem of attached organisms develops on submerged structures which supports a localized food web that could not exist without them. However, our lack of detailed information makes modelling of system response to decommissioning very tentative. Ideally, we should use the best possible scientific information to reach a consensus as to whether the blanket removal of MMS (excepting derogations) is the most environmentally supportable option. The evidence available to-date shows both benefits and some risk in leaving MMS in place and this needs to be examined without preconception. On the UKCS, MMS as artificial habitats are not considered under the Habitats Directive, irrespective of the value or rarity of the species present. We conclude that a more comprehensive regulatory process, together with the recognition of the ecology associated with man-made structures, would allow science to play a role in the decision-making rather than supporting a blanket policy ignoring ecological context.
Defining the Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Patients With Vestibular Schwannoma: Are all Quality-of-Life Scores Significant?
Authors: Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Yost Kathleen J , Tombers Nicole M , Celda Maria Peris , Carlson Matthew L , Link Michael J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The diagnosis of vestibular schwannomas (VS) is associated with reduced patient quality of life (QOL). Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was introduced as the lowest improvement in a patient-reported outcome (PRO) score discerned as significant by the patient. We formerly presented an MCID for the Penn Acoustic Neuroma QOL (PANQOL) battery based on cross-sectional data from 2 tertiary referral centers.

OBJECTIVE
To validate the PANQOL MCID values using prospective data.

METHODS
A prospective registry capturing QOL was queried, comprising patients treated at the authors’ institution and Acoustic Neuroma Association members. Anchor- and distribution-based techniques were utilized to determine the MCID for domain and total scores. We only included anchors with Spearman's correlation coefficient larger than 0.3 in the MCID threshold calculations. Most domains had multiple anchors with which to estimate the MCID.

RESULTS
A total of 1254 patients (mean age: 57.4 yr, 65% females) were analyzed. Anchor-based methods produced a span of MCID values (median, 25th-75th percentile) for each PANQOL domain and the total score: hearing (13.1, 13-16 points), balance (14, 14-19 points), pain (21, 20-28 points), face (25, 16-36 points), energy (16, 15-18 points), anxiety (16 [1 estimate]), general (13 [1 estimate]), and total (12.5, 10-15 points).

CONCLUSION
Current findings corroborate our formerly shared experience using multi-institutional, cross-sectional information. These MCID thresholds can serve as a pertinent outcome when deciphering the clinical magnitude of VS QOL endpoints in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
Evolution of populations expanding on curved surfaces
Authors: Beller Daniel A. , Alards Kim M. J. , Tesser Francesca , Mosna Ricardo A. , Toschi Federico , Mobius Wolfram 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe expansion of a population into new habitat is a transient process that leaves its footprints in the genetic composition of the expanding population. How the structure: of the environment shapes the population front and the evolutionary dynamics during such a range expansion is little understood. Here, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of populations consisting of many selectively neutral genotypes expanding on curved surfaces. Using a combination of individual-based off-lattice simulations, geometrical arguments, and lattice-based stepping-stone simulations, we characterise the effect of individual bumps on an otherwise flat surface. Compared to the case of a range expansion on a flat surface:, we observe a transient relative increase, followed by a decrease, in neutral genetic diversity at the population front. Ill addition, we find that individuals at the sides of the bump have a dramatically increased expected number of descendants, while their neighbours closer to the bump’s centre are far less lucky. Both observations can be explained using an analytical description of straight paths (geodesics) on the curved surface, Complementing previous studies of heterogeneous flat environments, the findings here build our understanding of how complex environments shape the evolutionary dynamics of expanding populations.
An antigenic atlas of HIV-1 escape from broadly neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Dingens Adam S. , Arenz Dana , Weight Haidyn , Overbaugh Julie , Bloom Jesse D. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAnti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have revealed vaccine targets on the virus’s Env protein and are themselves promising immunotherapeutics. The efficacy of bnAb-based therapies and vaccines depends in part on how readily the virus can escape neutralization. While structural studies can define contacts between bnAbs and Env, only functional studies can define mutations that confer escape. Here we map how all single amino-acid mutations to Env affect neutralization of HIV by nine bnAbs targeting five epitopes. For most bnAbs, mutations at only a small fraction of structurally defined contact sites mediated escape, and most escape occurred at sites that are near but do not directly contact the antibody. The mutations selected by two pooled bnAbs were similar to those expected from the combination of the bnAbs’ independent action. Overall, our mutation-level antigenic atlas provides a comprehensive dataset for understanding viral immune escape and refining therapies and vaccines.