bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATP1B3 cooperates with BST‐2 to promote hepatitis B virus restriction
Authors: Zheng Baisong , Zhang Jun , Zheng Tianhang , Wang Hong , Li Zhaolong , Huan Chen , Ning Shanshan , Wang Yingchao , Zhang Wenyan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates ATP1B3, one of the regulatory subunits of Na+/K+‐ATPase, is involved in numerous viral propagations, such as HIV and EV71. However, the function and mechanism of ATP1B3 on hepatitis B virus (HBV) propagation is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that ATP1B3 overexpression reduced the quantity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in supernatants of HBV expression plasmids cotransfected HepG2 cells. Correspondingly, small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA mediated ATP1B3 silencing promoted HBsAg and HBeAg expression in the supernatants of HBV expression plasmids transfected HepG2 cells. Mechanically, we reported that ATP1B3 expression could activate nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway by inducing the expression, phosphorylation, and nuclear import of P65 for the first time. And NF‐κB inhibitor (Bay11) impaired the restraint of ATP1B3 on HBV replication. This counteraction effect of Bay11 proved that ATP1B3‐induced NF‐κB activation was crucial for HBV restriction. Accordingly, we observed that anti‐HBV factors interferon‐α (IFN‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) production were increased in HepG2 cells after the NF‐κB activation. It suggested that ATP1B3 suppressed HBsAg and HBeAg by NF‐κB/IFN‐α and NF‐κB/IL‐6 axis. Further experiments proved that ATP1B3 overexpression induced anti‐HBV factor BST‐2 expression by NF‐κB/IFN‐α axis in HepG2 cells but not HEK293T cells, and ATP1B3 silencing downregulated BST‐2 messenger RNA level in HepG2 cells. As an HBV restriction factor, BST‐2 cooperated with ATP1B3 to antagonize HBsAg but not HBeAg in HepG2 cells. Our work identified ATP1B3 as a novel candidate of HBV restrictor with unrevealed mechanism and we highlighted it might serve as a potential therapeutic molecule for HBV infection.
Probing the degradation mechanism of forsythiaside A and simultaneous determination of three forsythiasides in Forsythia preparations by a single marker
Authors: Qi Minghui , Zhao Shiyi , Zhou Bin , Zhang Min , Zhang Hongyang , Wang Yuerong , Hu Ping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractForsythiaside A is the major component of Forsythia suspensa. This study investigated the degradation mechanism of forsythiaside A. Eight degraded components including forsythiaside I, forsythiaside H, forsythiaside E, caffeic acid, suspensaside A, β‐hydroxy forsythiaside I, β‐hydroxy forsythiaside H, and β‐hydroxy forsythiaside A were identified by using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Then, the quantitative analysis of multi‐components by a single‐marker was performed with ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography to simultaneously determine forsythiaside A, forsythiaside H, and forsythiaside I in Forsythia suspensa preparations. The result showed good linear relationships within 2.871–287.1, 0.231–23.1, and 0.983–98.3 μg/mL (r > 0.9998), with average recoveries of 97.7, 95.7, and 95.8% and relative standard deviations of 1.4, 2.4, and 1.8%, respectively. Using forsythiaside A as an internal reference, the relative retention values of forsythiaside H and forsythiaside I to forsythiaside A were calculated to be 0.89 and 0.61, respectively, and the relative correction factors were 0.816 and 0.799, respectively. The method for quantitative analysis of multi‐components by a single‐marker was applied to evaluate the overall quality of forsythia preparations. There was no significant difference in the measurement results of the method developed and the method of external standard.
Analysis of the Acid/Base Profile of Natural Products from Different Sources
Authors: Santibáñez‐Morán Marisa G. , Medina‐Franco José L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFor many years drug discovery and other areas in chemistry have successfully relied on natural products. Recent advances in computational methods have made possible to study the chemical space of natural products from different sources. Ionizable acidic and basic functional groups heavily influence physicochemical properties and thus a molecule's absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity characteristics as well as their affinity for biological targets. This work reports the generation and critical comparison of the acid/base profiles of ten chemical databases including seven natural products sets from different origins, a set of semisynthetic compounds, a collection of approved drugs, and a compendium of food chemicals. Similarities were found in the proportion of the main charge state categories among the natural products databases with few differences in their pKa distributions. Clear differences were observed between natural products and the approved drugs and semi‐synthetic natural products databases, whereas natural products share some trends with the food chemical database. We noted that the natural products collections comprise around 45 % of neutral compounds. The proportion of single acids was approximately twice that found for FDA drugs, and they demonstrated a similar distribution of pKa values. In contrast to drugs, only 5 % of compounds among the natural products sets had a single basic group. Likewise, simple ampholytes were less prevalent in the natural products databases relative to drugs.
A culturomics approach to quantifying the salience of species on the global internet
Authors: Ladle Richard J. , Jepson Paul , Correia Ricardo A. , Malhado Ana C. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConservation will only be successful over the long term if people support conservation goals. While many factors may influence the level of such support, it is clear that people are more willing to conserve species and places that they are familiar with and which provide them with something they value.Until now this dimension has been largely lacking from conservation decision‐making and its underlying scientific evidence base. This is understandable given conservation scientists' historic focus on population and community ecology and the practical difficulties associated with assessing the cultural prominence of species or places at anything more than local scale.This latter challenge is rapidly being addressed through a new generation of culturomic metrics that takes advantage of publicly available digital content.Here, we suggest that one such metric, estimated frequency of webpages that mention the scientific names of a species, broadly reflects the relative prominence of a species in global culture.Using all extant bird species as a case study, we demonstrate that species that are mentioned at high frequency on the global internet: (a) were scientifically described earlier, (b) have wide geographic ranges that overlap with technologically advanced societies, (c) are phenotypically conspicuous and (d) are strongly associated with direct human interactions (e.g. hunting).These results support the use of estimates of scientific name frequency on the internet as a proxy of a species' cultural salience, especially with respect to urban populations in technologically advanced societies.We conclude by discussing how a new generation of digital tools might be developed to support conservation monitoring and communication.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Swallowing patterns after adenotonsillectomy in children
Authors: de Oliveira Branco Anete Antunes , de Castro Corrêa Camila , de Souza Neves Daniela , Huehara Tais , Theresa Weber Silke Anna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractImportanceHypertrophy of the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils can interfere with breathing, physical and cognitive development, and quality of life, including sleep quality. There are important relationships between the muscles of the airways, the anatomy, and the pattern of breathing and swallowing.ObjectiveThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the swallowing process in children after adenotonsillectomy undertaken to treat obstructive breathing disorders.MethodsSubjects were 85 children or adolescents who underwent adenotonsillectomy in a reference hospital between 2003 and 2007. For the clinical evaluation of swallowing, the protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES) was used, videofluoroscopy of deglutition was performed, and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) and Classification for Severity of Dysphagia to Videofluoroscopy Scale were applied for analysis.ResultsOut of the 85 evaluated children, 43 were male (50.59%), the average age at evaluation was 12.11 years, the average age at the time of surgery was 6.73 years, and post‐surgery time was 3.00–8.00 years. In the clinical evaluation of swallowing, half the sample (50.59%) recorded the poorest score for lip and tongue behavior. A score of 1 was observed in 67.06% of subjects for other behaviors, and in 15.30% of subjects for efficiency of swallowing. Videofluoroscopic analysis demonstrated that the most frequent swallowing alterations were labial sealing (50.59%), residue in vallecula (51.76%), and use of compensatory maneuvers (61.18%). Analysis of DOSS showed that normal swallowing was attributed to 48.31% of subjects at level 7, 44.95% at level 6, and 6.74% at level 5. For the Classification for Severity of Dysphagia to Videofluoroscopy, 75.28% were classified as having mild dysphagia.InterpretationAlterations in the dynamics of swallowing are common in children who have undergone surgery of the tonsils, even at late follow‐up.
Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)/ZrO2 Reinforced Polyimide Nanocomposite Aerogels with Enhanced Properties: A Synergistic Effect of the Nanofillers
Authors: Wu Yushuang , Zhang Xin , Guo Yi , Wang Xinbo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, linear‐structured polyimide (PI) nanocomposite aerogels were fabricated with incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) and nano‐sized zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) via a freeze‐drying route. SEM images indicate GO and ZrO2 dispersed well in PI network skeletons after imidization. GO and ZrO2 can improve physical properties not only separately but also synergistically, generating excellent performances of the nanocomposite aerogels with the density of 70 mg cm−3, porosity of 95%, shrinkage of 19% and thermal conductivity of 0.0266 W m−1 k−1. This facile route using rational physical incorporation of nanofillers instead of expensive multi‐functional monomers distinctly improves overall performances of the prepared PI nanocomposite aerogels.
First‐Principles Study of Interaction of Bismuthene with Small Gas Molecules
Authors: Khadiullin Salavat Kh. , Kistanov Andrey A. , Ustiuzhanina Svetlana V. , Davletshin Artur R. , Zhou Kun , Dmitriev Sergey V. , Korznikova Elena A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecently emerging two‐dimensional (2D) bismuth, bismuthene, has excited the world scientific community. It has been successfully synthesized to show high structural stability. Bismuthene possesses enhanced interaction with gas molecules due to its large surface area, which is a characteristic feature of 2D materials. This work performs a systematic first‐principles study on the effects of the environmental gas molecules (CO, NO, NO2, H2, and NH3) on the electronic structure and chemical activity of bismuthene. It is found that CO, NO, and NO2 serve as charge acceptors. Furthermore, the adsorption of NO and NO2 can produce noticeable modifications in the band structure of bismuthene. H2 and NH3 act as charge donors to bismuthene. Importantly, there is a large amount of transferred charge and a low adsorption energy of H2 on bismuthene. Thereby, our study suggests bismuthene as a promising material for gas sensing applications and production of hydrogen storage devices.
Growth of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Different Chirality on Same Solid Cobalt Catalysts at Low Temperature
Authors: Zhang Shuchen , Lin Dewu , Liu Weiming , Yu Yue , Zhang Jin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCurrently, designing solid catalysts at high temperature is the main strategy to realize single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with specific chirality, meaning it is very hard and challenging to create new catalysts or faces to fit new chirality. However, low temperatures make most catalysts solid, and developing solid catalysts at low temperature is desired to realize chirality control of SWNTs. A rational approach to grow SWNTs array with different chiralities on same solid Co catalysts at low temperature (650 °C) is herein put forward. Using solid Co catalysts, near‐armchair (10, 9) tubes horizontal array with ≈75% selectivity and (12, 6) tubes array with ≈82% are realized by adopting a small amount of ethanol and large amount of CO respectively. (10, 9) tubes are enriched for thermodynamic stability and (12, 6) tubes for kinetics growth rate. Both kinds of tubes show a similar symmetry to the Co (1 1 1) face with threefold symmetry for the symmetry matching nucleation mechanism proposed earlier. This method provides a new strategy to study the nucleation mechanism and more possibilities for preparing new solid catalysts to control the structure of SWNTs.
Global occurrence and impact of small-to-medium magnitude earthquakes: a statistical analysis
Authors: Nievas Cecilia I. , Bommer Julian J. , Crowley Helen , van Elk Jan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite their much smaller individual contribution to the global counts of casualties and damage than their larger counterparts, earthquakes with moment magnitudes Mwin the range 4.0–5.5 may dominate seismic hazard and risk in areas of low overall seismicity, a statement that is particularly true for regions where anthropogenically-induced earthquakes are predominant. With the risk posed by these earthquakes causing increasing alarm in certain areas of the globe, it is of interest to determine what proportion of earthquakes in this magnitude range that occur sufficiently close to population or the built environment do actually result in damage and/or casualties. For this purpose, a global catalogue of potentially damaging events—that is, earthquakes deemed as potentially capable of causing damage or casualties based on a series of pre-defined criteria—has been generated and contrasted against a database of reportedly damaging small-to-medium earthquakes compiled in parallel to this work. This paper discusses the criteria and methodology followed to define such a set of potentially damaging events, from the issues inherent to earthquake catalogue compilation to the definition of criteria to establish how much potential exposure is sufficient to consider each earthquake a threat. The resulting statistics show that, on average, around 2% of all potentially-damaging shocks were actually reported as damaging, though the proportion varies significantly in time as a consequence of the impact of accessibility to data on damage and seismicity in general. Inspection of the years believed to be more complete suggests that a value of around 4–5% might be a more realistic figure.
Carbon microspheres decorated with iron sulfide nanoparticles for mercury(II) removal from water
Authors: Pasinszki Tibor , Krebsz Melinda , Chand Deepak , Kótai László , Homonnay Zoltán , Sajó István E. , Váczi Tamás 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new and simple method is developed to synthesize carbon microspheres decorated with iron sulfide nanoparticles for mercury ion removal from water. The synthesis is based on carbonizing polystyrene–divinylbenzene-based and iron(III) sulfate-loaded cation exchange resins between 500 and 1000 °C. The phase composition, surface area, and morphology of these materials are characterized by various spectroscopic and diffraction techniques, including Mössbauer spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Raman and scanning electron microscopy, and BET analysis. Pyrrhotite is found to be the dominant iron-containing phase. The adsorption performance of microspheres for mercury ion removal from water is studied as a function of adsorbent load and contact time at pH 6.5 using a solution of 40 mg dm−3mercury ion. Pyrrhotite nanoparticles played a key role in mercury ion removal amounting to 70–90% of the extracted amount. A high adsorption capacity of 104 mg of mercury/g of adsorbent at an adsorbent load of 0.33 g dm−3is achieved, and the removal kinetics could be well fitted with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating chemical sorption. The synthetic method is easy to scale up for large-scale production and materials are easy to handle, which is significant for large-scale environmental applications.
Nucleating agents based on graphene and graphene oxide for crystallization of the β-form of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Broda Jan , Baczek Marcin , Fabia Janusz , Binias Dorota , Fryczkowski Ryszard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
During the investigations, functionalization of graphene oxide synthesized using modified Hummers’ method and its reduced form was performed. Mixtures of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide with pimelic acid and calcium hydroxide were prepared for functionalization. During the reaction, the molecules of pimelic acid were attached to the surface of graphene sheets. By forming links between the carboxylic groups of pimelic acid and graphene oxide, the durable connection was achieved. The functionalized graphene oxide and the reduced graphene oxide were used as additives in isotactic polypropylene crystallization. The influence of additives on crystallisation in non-isothermal conditions was examined using polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of the additives on the polypropylene structure was analysed using wide-angle X-ray scattering. For both functionalized compounds, the nucleating ability towards β-form of polypropylene was detected. Both additives showed the increase in the nucleation rate and promotion of growth of the β-form crystals. Nucleation efficiency similar to other nucleating agents used in the crystallization of the β-form of polypropylene was revealed.
Identification of the designer benzodiazepine 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (flualprazolam) in an anesthesia robbery case
Authors: Qian Zhenhua , Liu Cuimei , Huang Jian , Deng Qingqing , Hua Zhendong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This publication reports analytical properties of the designer benzodiazepine 8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine (flualprazolam) seized in an anesthesia robbery case.

Methods
The target compound was identified by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Results
We could obtain detailed analytical data of flualprazolam—a new designer benzodiazepine available on the designer drug market.

Conclusions
More designer benzodiazepines have been detected and seized on the illegal drug scene as new psychoactive substances during the last 5 years. In this study, we presented analytical data of flualprazolam to assist forensic laboratories that encounter these newly emerging compounds in casework. This is the first report on this compound in illegal products.
Analysis of Wheel Squeal and Flanging on Curved Railway Tracks
Authors: Kim Jae Chul , Yun Yang Soo , Noh Hee-Min 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
When a railway vehicle moves over a sharply curved section of track, intense high-frequency noises sometimes occur. These are potentially a source of annoyance to those living adjacent to railway tracks. To efficiently identify measures appropriate to reduce curve squeal, it is important to determine the dominant noise type. However, it is difficult to analyze the various noises made over curved sections of railway using general noise measurements. In this study, we analyzed squealing and flange noises using various experimental approaches. We first investigated the noise characteristics of the railway vehicle via structural analysis of the wheel. It was confirmed that a wheel has various natural frequencies and eigenmodes in the high frequency range, i.e. over 1000 Hz. A roller rig test was performed to measure and investigate the characteristics of the noise generated when an actual wheel and the curved section of the railway track come in contact with each other. In this experiment the squeal and the flange noises, in particular, were reproduced by adjustments made to the lateral angle and vertical force, respectively. Results confirmed that the squealing noise occurs in the high frequency region and the flange noise occurs in various modes. A study was also conducted to measure and analyze the noise in the actual curved section of an urban railway. By comparing the frequency analysis and the natural frequency analysis of the noise that was actually measured, the mode by which the wheel caused the squealing noise was confirmed. Furthermore, the influence of the noise generated inside and outside the curved section of the track was investigated based on velocity, and the influence of the former on the noise generated was also examined. This study provides information on the squeal and flange noises generated when a railway vehicle moves over a curved section of a railway using various experimental approaches.
What oral historians and historians of science can learn from each other
Authors: MERCHANT PAUL 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the use of interviews with scientists by members of two disciplinary communities: oral historians and historians of science. It examines the disparity between the way in which historians of science approach autobiographies and biographies of scientists on the one hand, and the way in which they approach interviews with scientists on the other. It also examines the tension in the work of oral historians between a long-standing ambition to record forms of past experience and more recent concerns with narrative and personal ‘composure’. Drawing on extended life story interviews with scientists, recorded by National Life Stories at the British Library between 2011 and 2016, it points to two ways in which the communities might learn from each other. First, engagement with certain theoretical innovations in the discipline of oral history from the 1980s might encourage historians of science to extend their already well-developed critical analysis of written autobiography and biography to interviews with scientists. Second, the keen interest of historians of science in using interviews to reconstruct details of past events and experience might encourage oral historians to continue to value this use of oral history even after their theoretical turn.