bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A (randomized/prospective/pilot) study comparing the efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty versus brimonidine tartrate 0.2%/timolol maleate 0.5% (Combigan, Allergan inc. Irvine, CA/USA) in lowering intraocular pressure as adjunct therapy in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.
Authors: McWherter Ian , Lanham Meredith , Peplinski Lee , Zagorianos Nikolaos , Steele Andrew , Slayden Keith , Sidle Meg Wright , McKay Fraser 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the intraocular pressure lowering efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty to brimonidine tartrate 0.2%/timolol maleate 0.5% (FCBT, Combigan, Allergan inc. Irvine, CA/USA) in patients with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma on a prostaglandin analog alone. A secondary outcome was to evaluate the complication rates of selective laser trabeculoplasty.
Patients and Methods: Twenty-three patients were randomized to two treatment groups within this prospective, observer-masked single site, all optometrist, pilot study. Group 1 (N=12) received 360 degrees of selective laser trabeculoplasty as additional treatment while Group 2 (N=11) was started on FCBT. Outcomes of both groups were measured at eight weeks.
Results: Both treatment regimens were found to be statistically significant in lowering IOP when used as adjunct therapy. The average IOP reduction for Group 1 and Group 2 was 28.43% (SD = .17) and 28.22% (SD = .12) respectively. The incidence of an intraocular pressure spike following SLT in this patient population was found to be 8.3%. No major complications were observed in this study.
Conclusion: Selective laser trabeculoplasty and brimonidine tartrate 0.2%/timolol maleate 0.5% (FCBT, Combigan, Allergan inc. Irvine, CA/USA) were shown to be equivalent in lowering intraocular pressure in uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma patients when used as adjunct therapy for patients on a prostaglandin analog. Additionally, this is the first prospective study of optometrists performing selective laser trabeculoplasty. Although this study had a small sample size, the results appeared to show that efficacy and complication rates were comparable to previously published data; however, these results need to be confirmed with a larger multi-centered trial.
Bilateral horizontal gaze palsy in an 8-year-old girl; a rare case with NDUFS4 gene mutation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Vafaee-Shahi Mohammad , Ghasemi Saeide , Toosi Mehran Beiraghi , Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Badv Reza Shervin , Tavasoli Alireza , Tahernia Leila 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare and inherited disease which is associated with progressive neurological disorders. The molecular underlying mechanism in LS is defined with some defects in mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes.
Case presentation: Here, an 8-year-old girl is reported with bilateral horizontal gaze palsy, ataxia and drowsiness. She developed unsteady gait, drowsiness, progressive ataxia and intention tremor during her admission period. The laboratory tests were reported within normal values including biochemical, hematological, immunological, infectious and inflammatory markers and blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated dorsal midbrain, bilateral putamen nuclei and cerebellar dentate nucleus involvement. Ocular examination revealed retinal atrophy and pale disk in both sides. These symptoms were in favor of a neurodegenerative disorder. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) revealed an elevated lactate peak in involved areas which suggested a mitochondrial disease. Finally, the molecular genetic test reported NDUFS4 gene mutation which confirmed the presence of Leigh syndrome. She responded significantly to mitochondrial treatment cocktail and clinical signs and symptoms improved gradually. NDFUS4 gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) that removes electrons from NADH and transfers them to the electron acceptor ubiquinone.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that various symptoms and clinical features can be found in Leigh syndrome which could be probably due to different mutations in mitochondrial genes. Therefore, appropriate clinical and laboratory settings along with brain MRI, MRS and genetic test analysis would be necessary for the early diagnosis.
Intravenous fibrinolysis plus endovascular thrombectomy versus direct endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke: clinical and infarct volume results.
Authors: Gamba Massimo , Gilberti Nicola , Premi Enrico , Costa Angelo , Frigerio Michele , Mardighian Dikran , Vergani Veronica , Spezi Raffaella , Delrio Ilenia , Morotti Andrea , Poli Loris , De Giuli Valeria , Caria Filomena , Pezzini Alessandro , Gasparotti Roberto , Padovani Alessandro , Magoni Mauro 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background and Purpose

endovascular therapy (ET) is the standard of care for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). The role of adjunctive intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in these patients is still unclear. The present study aims to test whether IVT plus ET (CoT, combined therapy) provides additional benefits over direct ET for anterior circulation AIS by LVO.

Methods

we performed a single center retrospective observational study of patients with AIS caused by anterior circulation LVO, referred to our center between January 2014 and January 2017 and treated with ET. The patients were divided in 2 groups based on the treatment they received: CoT and, if IVT contraindicated, direct ET. We compared functional recovery (modified Rankin at 3-months follow-up), recanalization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI] score) and time, early follow-up infarct volume (EFIV) (for recanalized patients only) as well as safety profile, defined as symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and 3-month mortality, between groups.

Results

145 subjects were included in the study, 70 in direct ET group and 75 in CoT group. Patients who received CoT presented more frequently a functional independence at 3-months follow-up compared to patients who received direct ET (mRS score 0-1: 48.5% vs 18.6%; P<0.001. mRS score 0-2: 67.1% vs 37.3%; P<0.001), higher first-pass success rate (62.7% vs 38.6%, P<0.05), higher recanalization rate (84.3% vs 65.3%; P=0.009) and, in recanalized subjects, smaller EFIV (16.4ml vs 62.3ml; P=0.003). The safety profile was similar for the 2 groups. In multivariable regression analysis, low baseline NIHSS score (P<0.05), vessel recanalization (P=0.05) and CoT (P=0.03) were indipendent predictors of 3-month favorable outcome.

Conclusions

CoT appears more effective than ET alone for anterior circulation AIS with LVO, with similar safety profile.
Finding Sarcocystis spp. on the Tioman Island: 28S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing reveals nine new Sarcocystis species
Authors: Lee Florence C. H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Tioman Island of Malaysia experienced acute muscular sarcocystosis outbreaks from 2011 to 2014. So far, a previous study based on the 18S rRNA gene sequencing has reported S. singaporensis, S. nesbitti and Sarcocystis sp. YLL-2013 in water samples acquired from the island, thus confirming the waterborne nature of this emerging parasitic disease. This study aimed to improve the detection methods for Sarcocystis, in order to have a clearer picture of the true diversity of Sarcocystis species in Tioman. A new primer set (28S R7F–28S R8 Deg R) was designed to amplify the 28S rRNA gene of Sarcocystis. Subsequently, Sarcocystidae was detected in 65.6% (21/32) of water samples and 28% (7/25) of soil samples acquired between 2014 and 2015 from Tioman. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) on 18 of the positive samples was then performed using amplicons generated from the same primer set. This yielded 53 potentially unique Sarcocystidae sequences (290 bp), of which nine of the most abundant, prevalent and unique sequences were named herein. In contrast, NGS of the 18S rRNA gene V9 hypervariable region of 10 selected samples detected only two Sarcocystis species (160 bp). S. mantioni was the most ubiquitous sequence found in this study.
The efficiency of UV/S2O82− photo-oxidation process in the presence of Al2O3 for the removal of dexamethasone from aqueous solution: kinetic studies
Authors: Shookohi Reza , Faraji Hossein , Arabkohsar Abolfazl , Salari Mehdi , Mahmoudi Mohammad Molla 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the UV/S2O82− photocatalytic process in the presence of Al2O3 nanoparticles for the removal of dexamethasone from aqueous solution. In this experimental study, the variables pH, persulfate concentration, initial concentration of dexamethasone, the catalyst dose were studied in order to investigate the process efficiency. Furthermore, the efficiency of UV/S2O82− in the presence and absence of catalyst was investigated. The Al2O3 nanoparticle catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image. The results showed that a decrease in pH and the initial concentration of dexamethasone increased the process efficiency. Given the increased concentrations of the persulfate and Al2O3, the removal efficiency was partially increased. In UV/S2O82−/Al2O3 under optimum conditions (pH = 3, t = 30 minutes, dexamethasone concentration = 20 mg/L, 0.5 mM of persulfate, and UV radiation = 55 watts), 94% of the dexamethasone was removed. The kinetic response showed that the reaction data corresponded to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The results showed that the UV/S2O82− photochemical process can efficiently remove dexamethasone from aqueous solution in the presence of Al2O3 catalyst and the mineralization efficiency reached about 98%. Therefore, this process is recommended due to its high efficiency and availability for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds.
Pharmacotherapy for Choroidal Neovascularization Due to Uncommon Causes
Authors: Ho Christine P.S. , Lai Timothy Y.Y. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in adults is most commonly associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and pathologic myopia. Though less common, CNV can also develop from other conditions such as uveitis, central serous chorioretinopathy, angioid streaks, intraocular tumors, hereditary chorioretinal dystrophies, or can be idiopathic in origin. If left untreated, CNV may cause visual loss because of exudation of intraretinal or subretinal fluid, retinal or subretinal hemorrhage, or fibrosis involving the macula. It is well known that one of the main drivers of angiogenesis in CNV development is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and therefore inhibitors of VEGF might be an effective treatment for CNV.Methods:The goal of this review is to provide an overview and summary in the use of pharmacotherapy especially anti-VEGF therapy, in the treatment of CNV due to uncommon causes.Results:Results from uncontrolled case series and controlled clinical trials have reported good efficacy and safety in using anti-VEGF agents including bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept and ziv-aflibercept in the treatment of CNV due to uncommon causes. Anti-VEGF has also been used in combination with verteporfin PDT and anti-inflammatory agents for treating CNV of various causes.Conclusion:Pharmacotherapy with anti-VEGF agents is an effective treatment option for CNV due to uncommon etiologies.
Pharmaceutical Product Development Exploiting 3D Printing Technology: Conventional to Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Alam Md. Shoaib , Akhtar Ayesha , Ahsan Iftikhar , Shafiq-un-Nabi Sheikh 
Published: March 2019

Background:
3D printed pharmaceutical products are revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry as a
prospective mean to achieve a personalized method of treatments acquired to the specially designed need of each
patient. It will depend upon age, weight, concomitants, pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetic profile of the
patient and thus transforming the current pharmaceutical market as a potential alternative to conventional medicine.
3D printing technology is getting more consideration in new medicine formulation development as a modern
and better alternative to control many challenges associated with conventional medicinal products. There are
many advantages of 3D printed medicines which create tremendous opportunities for improving the acceptance,
accuracy and effectiveness of these medicines. In 2015, United State Food and Drug Administration has approved
the first 3D printed tablet (Spritam®) and had shown the emerging importance of this technology.

Methods:
This review article summarizes as how in-depth knowledge of drugs and their manufacturing processes
can assist to manage different strategies for various 3D printing methods. The principal goal of this review is to
provide a brief introduction about the present techniques employed in tech -medicine evolution from conventional
to a novel drug delivery system.

Results:
It is evidenced that through its unparalleled advantages of high-throughput, versatility, automation, precise
spatial control and fabrication of hierarchical structures, the implementation of 3D printing for the expansion
and delivery of controlled drugs acts as a pivotal role.

Conclusion:
3D printing technology has an extraordinary ability to provide elasticity in the manufacturing
and designing of composite products that can be utilized in programmable and personalized medicine. Personalized
medicine helps in improving drug safety and minimizes side effects such as toxicity to individual human
being which is associated with unsuitable drug dose.
АНАЛІЗ ХІРУРГІЧНИХ МЕТОДИК ТА ПІДХОДІВ УСУНЕННЯ ДЕФЕКТІВ КІСТОК ЛИЦЕВОГО СКЕЛЕТУ
Authors: Пантус А. В. , Рожко М. М. , Ярмошук І. Р. , Когут В. Л. , Солоджук Ю. І. 
Published: March 2019

Остеопластичний матеріал є золотим стандартом реконструкції кісткової тканини. Аутологічний матеріал може не давати імунологічної відповіді організму, даний матеріал також володіє не тільки остеокондуктивними, але й остеоіндуктивними властивостями.
Альтернативним рішенням аутотрансплантації є застосування алотранстплантів, які підлягають спеціальній обробці, при якій залишається як остеокондуктивна так і остеоіндуктивна властивість.
Було запропоновано методику закриття дефекту кісткової тканини нижньої щелепи за допомогою мікрохірургічних аутотрансплантантів.
При конструюванні біосумісних матеріалів потрібно застосовувати біоміметичний підхід. Кісткова тканина – це своєрідний композит, який поєднює два фізичні явища: твердість (за рахунок кристалів гідроксиапатиту) та еластичність (завдяки колагеновим волокнам).
Існує досвід застосування пористих кісткових блоків просочених кров’яним згустком хворого в комбінації гідроксиапатиту та трикальційфосфату. Такий тип біокераміки можна застосовувати для контурної пластики коміркової частини щелеп та заповнення дефектів кісток.
Отже, з наведених даних можна зробити висновок, що першим пріоритетним завданням регенеративної медицини, зокрема реконструктивної хірургії, є пошук методик та технологій створення стабільних пористих каркасів певної форми.
КОЖЕН ПАЦІЄНТ МАЄ ПРАВО НА МАКСИМАЛЬНО ЯКІСНІ ТА БЕЗБОЛІСНІ МЕДИЧНІ ПРОЦЕДУРИ
Authors: Готюр О. І. , Влашин Х. В. 
Published: March 2019

Сучасна діагностика та новітні технологічні можливості сучасної медицини просто вражають. Комп’ютерна діагностика, магнітно-резонансна томографія із контрастуванням, онкологічні лабораторні показники та багато інших діагностичних тестів дозволяють професіоналам медичної практики своєчасно встановлювати діагнози та надавати кваліфіковану медичну допомогу пацієнтам.
Часто хвороби пацієнтів впливають на їх психологічний стан. Пацієнти які виснажилися від свого фізичного не задоволення, стають вередливими, вимагають гіперопіки до себе, особливо ті пацієнти, які спостерігають за можливостями сучасної медицини із телесеріалів, інтернету. Але, як виявляється, 20 % населення пострадянських країн та 10 % американців, не просто «капризують», а хворіють на – трипанофобію.
Згідно нашого дослідження, яке відбувалося на базі ЦМКЛ приймального відділення, на основі соціологічного опитування з 80 опитаних пацієнтів – 11 пацієнтів боялися ін’єкцій, 15 пацієнтів мали підвищений поріг больової чутливості, а 2 пацієнти навіть відмовилися від госпіталізації у стаціонар через синдром «білого халата». Це означає, що 35 % пацієнтів могли б отримати більш кваліфіковану медичну допомогу, якщо б попередньо знали про причину своїх фобій та були проінформованими про те, що мають право на безболісні процедури і правильну підготовку до медичних маніпуляцій.
Enhanced Safety Surveillance of Influenza Vaccines in General Practice, Winter 2015-16: Feasibility Study
Authors: de Lusignan Simon , Correa Ana , Dos Santos Gaël , Meyer Nadia , Haguinet François , Webb Rebecca , McGee Christopher , Byford Rachel , Yonova Ivelina , Pathirannehelage Sameera , Ferreira Filipa Matos , Jones Simon 
Published: March 2019

Background
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) requires vaccine manufacturers to conduct enhanced real-time surveillance of seasonal influenza vaccination. The EMA has specified a list of adverse events of interest to be monitored. The EMA sets out 3 different ways to conduct such surveillance: (1) active surveillance, (2) enhanced passive surveillance, or (3) electronic health record data mining (EHR-DM). English general practice (GP) is a suitable setting to implement enhanced passive surveillance and EHR-DM.

Objective
This study aimed to test the feasibility of conducting enhanced passive surveillance in GP using the yellow card scheme (adverse events of interest reporting cards) to determine if it has any advantages over EHR-DM alone.

Methods
A total of 9 GPs in England participated, of which 3 tested the feasibility of enhanced passive surveillance and the other 6 EHR-DM alone. The 3 that tested EPS provided patients with yellow (adverse events) cards for patients to report any adverse events. Data were extracted from all 9 GPs’ EHRs between weeks 35 and 49 (08/24/2015 to 12/06/2015), the main period of influenza vaccination. We conducted weekly analysis and end-of-study analyses.

Results
Our GPs were largely distributed across England with a registered population of 81,040. In the week 49 report, 15,863/81,040 people (19.57% of the registered practice population) were vaccinated. In the EPS practices, staff managed to hand out the cards to 61.25% (4150/6776) of the vaccinees, and of these cards, 1.98% (82/4150) were returned to the GP offices. Adverse events of interests were reported by 113 /7223 people (1.56%) in the enhanced passive surveillance practices, compared with 322/8640 people (3.73%) in the EHR-DM practices.

Conclusions
Overall, we demonstrated that GPs EHR-DM was an appropriate method of enhanced surveillance. However, the use of yellow cards, in enhanced passive surveillance practices, did not enhance the collection of adverse events of interests as demonstrated in this study. Their return rate was poor, data entry from them was not straightforward, and there were issues with data reconciliation. We concluded that customized cards prespecifying the EMA’s adverse events of interests, combined with EHR-DM, were needed to maximize data collection.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015469
Implementasi Komunikasi Wifi dalam Perancangan Lengan Robot
Authors: Octavianto Aziz , Ramdani Muhammad , Mujirudin Mohammad , Ramza Harry , Dewanto Yohannes 
Published: March 2019

Keberadaan teknologi robotika saat ini sangat membantu dalam aktivitas manusia untuk mempermudah melakukan perkerjaan. Salah satu teknologi robotika saat ini yaitu lengan robot. Lengan robot merupakan jenis robot yang menyerupai lengan manusia yang dapat memindahkan barang dari 0satu tempat menuju tempat lainnya. Namun ketika lengan robot ditempatkan pada area yang memiliki kondisi lingkungan yang ekstrim, maka lengan robot tersebut harus dilengkapi dengan sebuah sistem pengendali jarak jauh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancanglengan robot yang memiliki 4 derajat kebebasan dan mampu dikendalikan dari jarak jauh melalui komunikasi wifi dengan menentukan nilai waktu tunda. Lengan robot dirancang menggunakan mikrokontroler NodeMCU ESP-12E dimana mikrokontroler tersebut sudah memiliki fitur untuk terhubung kedalam jaringan WiFi. Lengan robot memiliki lima buah motor servo dan dapat bergerak berdasarkan empat bagian yaitu base, shoulder, elbow, dan wrist serta sebagai end-effectornya adalah gripper. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lengan robot mampu dikendalikan dengan jarak jangkauan maksimum sejauh 16 meter dan memiliki rata-rata waktu tunda sebesar 66.6 ms.
Agency Conflicts, Bank Capital Regulation, and Marking-to-Market
Authors: Lu Tong , Sapra Haresh , Subramanian Ajay 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
We show how shareholder-debtholder agency conflicts interact with strategic reporting under asymmetric information to influence bank regulation. Relative to a benchmark unregulated economy, higher capital requirements mitigate inefficient asset substitution, but potentially exacerbate underinvestment due to debt overhang. The optimal regulatory policy balances distortions created by agency conflicts and asymmetric information while incorporating the social benefit of bank debt. Asymmetric information and strategic reporting only impact regulation for intermediate social debt benefit levels. For lower social debt benefits in this interval, regulatory capital requirements are insensitive to accounting reports, so bank balance sheets need not be marked to market to implement the optimal regulatory policy. For higher social debt benefits, however, capital requirements are sensitive to accounting reports, thereby necessitating mark-to-market accounting to implement bank regulation. Mark-to-market accounting is essential when bank leverage levels are high, and is more likely to be necessary as banks' asset risk or specificity increases.
Does External Assurance Enhance the Credibility of CSR Reports? Evidence from CSR-Related Misconduct Events in Taiwan
Authors: Du Kai , Wu Shing-Jen 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARY
This study examines the credibility of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports and the role of external assurance on CSR reports. Based on a sample of listed firms in Taiwan, we find that the issuance of CSR reports is not associated with a lower incidence, or frequency, of future CSR-related misconduct, unless accompanied by external assurance. In other words, external assurance can enhance the credibility of CSR reports. Moreover, the perceived credibility of CSR reports depends on whether firms genuinely fulfill their CSR commitments. For first-time offenders, prior CSR reports play a significant role in protecting firm value when misconduct does occur; however, for repeat offenders, such an insurance role does not exist, regardless of whether the CSR report is assured or not. Our findings attest to the benefits of CSR assurance and underscore the importance of understanding CSR practice in the context of country-specific institutions.
JEL Classifications: M14; M41; M42.
Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the paper. Manually collected data on CSR-related misconduct events will be provided upon request.