bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling elk‐to‐livestock transmission risk to predict hotspots of brucellosis spillover
Authors: Rayl Nathaniel D. , Proffitt Kelly M. , Almberg Emily S. , Jones Jennifer D. , Merkle Jerod A. , Gude Justin A. , Cross Paul C. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWildlife reservoirs of infectious disease are a major source of human‐wildlife conflict because of the risk of potential spillover associated with commingling of wildlife and livestock. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the presence of brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in free‐ranging elk (Cervus canadensis) populations is of significant management concern because of the risk of disease transmission from elk to livestock. We identified how spillover risk changes through space and time by developing resource selection functions using telemetry data from 223 female elk to predict the relative probability of female elk occurrence daily during the transmission risk period. We combined these spatiotemporal predictions with elk seroprevalence, demography, and transmission timing data to identify when and where abortions (the primary transmission route of brucellosis) were most likely to occur. Additionally, we integrated our predictions of transmission risk with spatiotemporal data on areas of potential livestock use to estimate the daily risk to livestock. We predicted that approximately half of the transmission risk occurred on areas where livestock may be present (i.e., private property or grazing allotments). Of the transmission risk that occurred in livestock areas, 98% of it was on private ranchlands as opposed to state or federal grazing allotments. Disease prevalence, transmission timing, host abundance, and host distribution were all important factors in determining the potential for spillover risk. Our fine‐resolution (250‐m spatial, 1‐day temporal), large‐scale (17,732 km2) predictions of potential elk‐to‐livestock transmission risk provide wildlife and livestock managers with a useful tool to identify higher risk areas in space and time and proactively focus actions in these areas to separate elk and livestock to reduce spillover risk. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Wildlife Management Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society
Optimization of cryogenic carbon dioxide capture from natural gas
Authors: Babar M. , Bustam M.A. , Maulud A.S. , Ali A.H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCryogenic carbon dioxide removal from natural gas requires accurate thermodynamic phase study of the natural gas mixture and individual components. Thermodynamic data generation of carbon dioxide‐methane mixture having 90 % carbon dioxide for cryogenic carbon dioxide capture from natural gas using Peng Robinson equation of state is discussed in this research work. Golden section search technique along with Eureqa optimizing tool is then used to optimize the pressure‐temperature conditions for the cryogenic carbon dioxide capture in the solid‐vapour two‐phase region. Cost optimization is done for the carbon dioxide capture system at atmospheric pressure and 20 bar. Temperature ranges for optimization were obtained from the predicted thermodynamic data for the mixture. The optimum temperatures obtained in this research work for the cryogenic carbon dioxide capture at atmospheric pressure and the 20 bar are −103.8 °C and −60.90 °C respectively. For atmospheric pressure at −103.8 °C the worth of methane, carbon dioxide, and energy is 114 $/h, 9 $/h, and 53 $/h respectively, while at 20 bar and −60.9 °C the worth of carbon dioxide, methane, and the energy are found to be 129 $/h, 46 $/h, 52 $/h, respectively.
Multi‐response optimization of the machining characteristics in electrical discharge machining (EDM) using span‐20 surfactant and chromium (Cr) powder mixed
Authors: Hosni N.A.J. , Lajis M.A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEffects of Chromium (Cr) powder concentrations (Cp) and Span‐20 surfactant concentrations (Cs) on AISI D2 hardened steel were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) and parameter processing parameter were optimized for optimal parameter conditions using multi‐response desirability function. Responses taken involved material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR) and surface roughness (Ra). The experimental plan was based on the face centered, central composite design (CCD) using version 10.0 of the Design Expert software. The results identified that Cp is the most important parameter to maximize material removal rate (MRR) and minimize electrode wear rate (EWR) and surface roughness (Ra). With the topmost desirability solution, the suggested optimum parameter condition of Cp and Cs were 2.155 g/L and 10.000 g/L, respectively.
Stress analysis of nano porous material using computed tomography images
Authors: Meyghani B. , Awang M. , Emamian S. , Plank B. , Heinzl C. , Siow K.S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSintered silver materials possess an advantage that allows excellent bonding between chips and their substrate. Stress manifests as the materials resistance against external and internal forces, however during stress analysis the complex physical behavior caused by the forces and the nature of the material is often disregarded by researchers. This paper analyses the stress behavior of nano porous sintered silver in X and Y directions using finite element modelling. This study also focuses on observing the growth of the crack in samples in different directions. It is found that the occurrence of the cracks in the specimens starts at the peak stress point and the failure is observed at the largest void. It is also detected that the stress across the whole area of the model is regularly distributed in those samples which have relatively smaller voids. Thus, these samples have a better material integrity. In addition, this fact indicates that the material in these sample could hold higher levels of stress. Finally, the level of the stress and the possibility of failure in those samples that have smaller voids is found to be less than others.
Thermal and mechanical properties of chemically treated oil palm fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites
Authors: Ong T.K. , Tshai K.Y. , Khiew P.S. , Yap E.H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this work, chemical surface treated oil palm fibers, including alkali, maleic and silane pre‐treatments are melt blended and hot compression molded with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene into varying compositions of polymer composites. The effectiveness of the chemical pre‐treatment and fiber dispersion are analyzed with the aid of Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscope while the influences on thermal degradation and mechanical properties of the resulting composites are analyzed through thermal gravimetric analysis and tensile test respectively. Differential thermogravimetric analysis result show that alkali, maleic and silane pre‐treatments could lower the onset thermal degradation temperature of oil palm fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites. The tensile test results show that chemically treated oil palm fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites attained enhancement in tensile strength as compared to untreated counterpart. Scanning electron microscopy observations on fracture surfaces of oil palm fiber filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites found that the reinforcing efficiency of chemically treated oil palm fiber could be further increased by improving interfacial bonding between oil palm fiber and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
Design of a pavement using piezoelectric materials
Authors: Maghsoudi Nia E. , Wan Abdullah Zawawi N.A. , Mahinder Singh B.S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPavement material is an important factor for creating a pedestrian and environmentally friendly walkway. Generally, kinetic energy of footstep during walking is mostly wasted, while, this energy can be harvested and converted to electrical power. This study aims to use piezoelectric materials within pavements in the form of tiles. The kinetic energy of walking is harvested through piezoelectric mechanism. The study proposed a pavement consisting of piezoelectric sensors. Flexible and green material are selected as the top layer of the pavement. The scaled prototype is fabricated according to the mechanism of walking. The pavement is tested in terms of voltage generation in different arrangements. The results show that in order to harvest the optimum energy of walking, the piezoelectric sensors need to be covered with a conductive layer such as a steel sheet. Also, it is found that covering the piezoelectric materials with a hard surface leads to load distribution over the sensors when stepping on it which subsequently, generates more voltage. Moreover, when the piezoelectric pieces are placed in an alternative arrangement, more voltage is generated. It can be concluded that the arrangement of the piezoelectric sensors and their connection to the conductive layer are important factors in harvesting the optimum walking energy. The study recommends that pavement equipped with piezoelectric material is a promising method to generate electricity when implemented in crowded areas.
Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit IL‐17A Secretion through Decreased ICAM‐1 Expression in T Cells Co‐Cultured with Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells Harvested from Adipose Tissues of Obese Subjects
Authors: Chehimi Marwa , Ward Robert , Pestel Julien , Robert Maud , Pesenti Sandra , Bendridi Nadia , Michalski Marie‐Caroline , Laville Martine , Vidal Hubert , Eljaafari Assia 
Published: March 2019

ScopeObese adipose tissue (AT) is infiltrated by inflammatory immune cells including IL‐17A‐producing‐T (Th17) cells. It has been previously demonstrated that adipose‐derived stem cells from obese (ob‐ASCs), but not lean AT promote Th17 cells. Because n‐3 PUFAs are known to inhibit obese AT inflammation, it is tested here whether they could inhibit ob‐ASC‐mediated IL‐17A secretion.Methods and ResultsThe n‐3 PUFA precursor, alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA), or its derivatives, eicosapentaenoic, or docosahexaenoic acid, is added to co‐cultures of human ob‐ASCs and mononuclear cells (MNCs). All three inhibited IL‐17A, but not IL‐1β, IL‐6, nor TNFα secretion. As a control, palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid, did not inhibit IL‐17A secretion. ALA also inhibited IL‐17A secretion mediated by adipocytes differentiated from ob‐ASCs. Toll‐like‐receptor 4 is shown to be involved in ob‐ASC‐mediated‐IL‐17A secretion, and to be inhibited by ALA, together with Cyclo‐Oxygenase‐2 and Signal‐Transducer‐and‐Activator‐of‐transcription‐3. In addition, ALA down‐regulated Intercellular‐Adhesion‐Molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression in both monocytes and ASCs, which resulted in decreased interactions between ob‐ASCs and MNCs, and inhibition of IL‐17A secretion.ConclusionIt is demonstrated herein that ALA inhibits Th17 cell promotion, through decreased ICAM‐1expression in both ob‐ASCs and monocytes. This novel mechanism may contribute to explain the beneficial effects of n‐3 PUFA in IL‐17A‐related inflammatory pathologies.
Gain enhancement of circular waveguide antennas using near‐zero index metamaterials
Authors: Mohammadi Ershad , Tsakmakidis Kosmas L. , Sohrabi Foozieh , Tavakoli Ahad , Dehkhoda Parisa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article, a rigorous analytical methodology is introduced for designing near‐zero refractive index metamaterials (NZIMs). Our proposed NZIM media is realized by three stacked layers of perforated metallic surfaces, each layer composed of a fishnet‐like periodic array of square holes. By a proper design of such structures, a low refractive index medium is achieved at their corresponding plasma frequency. The low refractive index property is studied by retrieving the effective parameters of NZIM via inversion techniques, which gives an effective near‐zero refractive index, at an operating frequency of 1.5 GHz. Then, the designed NZIM is used for gain enhancement of a circular waveguide antenna. The analysis shows that the proposed platform can enhance the directivity of our antenna by 3 dB while maintaining the return loss <−20 dB.
Prior muscle activation affects the compound muscle action potential
Authors: Peterson Gordon W. , Tsao Bryan E. , Nist Laura D. , Estevez Dennys , Brandstater Murray E. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study was performed to evaluate the effect of prior voluntary activation of a muscle on the subsequently‐recorded compound muscle action potential (CMAP).MethodsThe CMAPs from the hypothenar, thenar, and extensor digitorum brevis muscles were recorded in 6 healthy volunteers at rest and for up to 30 min following 5 separate epochs of up to 20 s of voluntary muscle activation.ResultsThere was consistent, significant (P < 0.02) enhancement of the negative area, amplitude, and duration of the CMAP after activation. The enhancement was maximal, up to 144% of baseline, within about 1 min post‐activation; thereafter, the CMAP gradually returned to baseline over about 15 min.DiscussionActivation of a muscle within several minutes prior to testing enhances the subsequently‐recorded CMAP. This observation highlights prior muscle activation as a physiological variable that influences the size of the CMAP during motor nerve conduction studies. Muscle Nerve, 2019
Impaired short‐ and long‐latency afferent inhibition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Cengiz Bülent , Fidanci Halit , Kiyak Keçeli Yeliz , Baltaci Hande , KuruoĞlu Reha 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: To test the hypothesis of impaired cholinergic activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we studied short‐ and long‐latency afferent inhibition (SAI and LAI). Methods: The ulnar nerve was stimulated at the wrist preceding transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), 21 ms for SAI and 200 ms for LAI, in 21 patients and 17 control subjects. Short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and cognitive function was assessed in ALS patients using automatic threshold tracking and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results: The SAI paradigm resulted in inhibition in all control subjects, whereas inhibition was observed in 13 of 21 (62%) patients. Mean SAI and LAI values were significantly reduced in ALS. No significant correlation existed between afferent inhibition and other neurophysiological data. The MoCA was normal in all but 1 patient. Discussion: LAI and SAI are both impaired in ALS, probably unrelated to increased cortical excitability or cognitive dysfunction. Muscle Nerve 59:699–704, 2019
Urological dysfunction in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Joussain Charles , Levy Jonathan , Charlanes Audrey , Even Alexia , Falcou Laetitia , Chartier Kastler Emmanuel , Denys Pierre 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsPurposes of this study were to describe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and related urodynamic patterns in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), and to characterize LUTS management and associated uronephrological complications.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical files of HSP patients, consecutively followed in our Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department between 1999 and 2016. Clinical, urodynamic, and radiological data were collected and analyzed. Different treatments which have been prescribed and uronephrological complications were also recorded. Patients with other neurological or urological diseases were excluded.ResultsThirty‐three patients with HSP were included. Mean duration of follow‐up was 8.1 ± 5 years, mean age 62 ± 14 years, and 70% were men. The most frequent LUTS was urgency and voiding dysfunction (both 69.7%). Incontinence and retention with a significant postvoid residue above 100 mL accounted for 66.7% and 57.6% of initial symptoms respectively. Neurogenic detrusor overactivity was diagnosed in 80.7% of patients. Two‐thirds of our cohort were treated with anticholinergics and 9.1% required intradetrusor botulinum‐toxin injections. Only 27.3% of patients performed clean intermittent self‐catheterization. Febrile urinary tract infections (21.2%), urolithiasis (15,1%), hydronephrosis (6%), and chronic renal failure (9.1%) were found.ConclusionGiven their high prevalence and the risk of uronephrological complications, LUTS should be systematically assessed in HSP patients. The systematic screening of urological dysfunction in this population would improve its management, decrease the incidence of uronephrological complications, and increase the quality of life.
Validation of a novel digital health monitoring system to measure the volume of voided urine
Authors: Miyazato Minoru , Yonemoto Koji , Ashikari Asuka , Saito Seiichi , Yamashiro Kiyoto , Uehara Moriyuki , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Ishida Hajime , Matsushita Masayuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo validate a novel digital health monitoring system to measure the volume of voided urine.MethodsMicturition volume was calculated using our novel digital self‐health monitoring system of urine excretion (s‐HMSU) in 18 participants (16 women and 2 men; average age, 40.8 years), without a history of voiding symptoms. Participants completed a self‐reported questionnaire regarding their medical history and water intake during the period of observation, as well as the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS) questionnaire. To assess the reliability of the voided volumes measured using the s‐HMSU, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated between the volume and the change in body weight before and after micturition.ResultsThe CLSS questionnaire confirmed the absence of urinary system diseases in all participants. The medical history was also negative with the exception of hypertension in one participant. The ICC (1,1) between the measured volume of urine excretion using the s‐HMSU and the change in body weight was 0.972 (95% confidence interval, 0.957‐0.982).ConclusionsThe s‐HMSU system provides a reliable measure of voiding volume and is appropriate for home use. It has the potential to facilitate large‐scale clinical research to examine the relationship between medical diseases and voiding dysfunction.
Classic and inverse compositional Gauss‐Newton in global DIC
Authors: Passieux Jean‐Charles , Bouclier Robin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryToday, effective implementations of digital image correlation (DIC) are based on iterative algorithms with constant linear operators. A relevant idea of the classic finite element (or, more generally, global) DIC solver consists in replacing the gradient of the deformed state image with that of the reference image, so as to obtain a constant operator. Different arguments (small strains, small deformations, equality of the two gradients close to the solution, etc) have been given in the literature to justify this approximation, but none of them are fully accurate. Indeed, the convergence of the optimization algorithm has to be investigated from its ability to produce descent directions. Through such a study, this paper attempts to explain why this approximation works and what is its domain of validity. Then, an inverse compositional Gauss‐Newton implementation of finite element DIC is proposed as a cost‐effective and mathematically sound alternative to this approximation.
Understanding U.K. ethnic minority entrepreneurship from an enterprise culture perspective
Authors: Lam Wing , Harris Phil , Yang Sen 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThis paper is aimed at examining the enterprise culture within different ethnic groups (i.e., the enterprise subcultures) in the United Kingdom. The research aims to investigate the interplay between individuals and their institutional context (especially social and cultural context) and how the different institutional contexts then shape the different enterprise cultures, leading to differentiated ethnic business characteristics and consequently different levels of entrepreneurial activity in different ethnic communities.Prior workUnequivocal evidence shows that certain ethnic groups display higher levels of entrepreneurial activity than their White counterparts. Despite the large amount of work that has been dedicated to ethnic minority entrepreneurship, there is a lack of coherent conceptual and analytical framework that addresses the links between different factors contributing to ethnic minority entrepreneurship. This paper takes forward the available empirical evidence and theoretical constructs into a conceptual and methodological framework to aid understanding of ethnic minority entrepreneurship.ApproachA process‐oriented research framework to investigate the enterprise culture within different ethnic groups (i.e., the enterprise subcultures) is proposed rather than one oriented primarily towards the differentiation of characteristics.ResultsA large‐scale national survey in the United Kingdom is adopted. The findings of the quantitative fieldwork will form the central part of this paper.ImplicationsUnderstanding how and why certain ethnic groups are more entrepreneurial may assist the different parties in different ways. First, learning from the more entrepreneurial subcultures may contribute to the development and implementation of more effective public policies and efficient service delivery programmes. Second, advancing understanding of ethnic communities helps to support more informed decisions by policymakers and local support agencies through improved anticipation and greater understanding of responses. Third, it helps entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs to have a better understanding of the nature of their perceived barriers and constraints by demonstrating potential solutions successfully employed by other subcultures.ValueThe conceptual and methodological development of this study has the potential to build the link between relevant parties and pave the way forward for ethnic entrepreneurship research.
Effective and safe tumor inhibition using vinblastine in medulloblastoma
Authors: Nobre Liana , Pauck David , Golbourn Brian , Maue Mara , Bouffet Eric , Remke Marc , Ramaswamy Vijay 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMost medulloblastoma protocols worldwide include vincristine during radiation and chemotherapy. A significant dose‐limiting toxicity is peripheral neuropathy; however, there is a paucity of data to support the view that omission of vincristine does not impact survival. Herein we report two adolescent patients with Group 4 and SHH medulloblastoma, where vinblastine successfully replaced vincristine with resolution of their peripheral neuropathy. We furthermore show vinblastine is highly active in vitro and demonstrates equivalent antitumoral activity compared to vincristine. Substitution of vincristine with vinblastine in future studies should be considered for all patients with medulloblastoma, particularly those with hereditary neuropathy, severe vincristine toxicity, and adults.
“What if?”: Addressing uncertainty with families
Authors: Snaman Jennifer M. , Feraco Angela M. , Wolfe Joanne , Baker Justin N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChildren with cancer and their families deal with uncertainty throughout their treatment course. Clinicians must help patients and families manage uncertainty by engaging them in discussions about their worries and fears. Too often, clinicians avoid or defer discussions about anticipated or worried‐about future events—the “what ifs.” Failing to engage in these conversations may lead to increased distress. We have developed a framework for having “what if” conversations with patients and families that enables providers to explore families’ informational and emotional needs. This framework may enable providers to improve families’ prognostic understanding, explore concerns, and examine preferences and goals of care.