bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Import Substitution Production of Semiconductor Silicon in Russia as a Tool to Reduce the risk of Money Laundering
Authors: P.Y. Leonov , O.S. Kotelyanets , N.V. Ivanov 
Published: February 2018

The work is devoted to studying the need of creation a domestic production of polycrystalline, monocrystalline silicon and silicon wafers for the purposes of electronics and solar energy in the Russian Federation, as a part of the solution of a number of strategic objectives. In addition, the work discusses the question of import substitution as a means of combating money-laundering. Keywords: semiconductor silicon, polycrystalline silicon, monocrystalline silicon, import substitution, money laundering
Legal aspects of Organizing AML/CFT System in Foreign Companies
Authors: L.H. Botasheva , D.A. Levakova , T.S. Chupilina 
Published: February 2018

The article explores Russian and international experience of AML / CFT regulation in companies. It analyzes the regulatory framework of the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Japan, Italy and other countries, identifies the characteristic features of counteracting the legalization of proceeds from crime. The study of analytical reports of the leading global consulting companies for 2014-2016 shows changes in the applied AML/CFT enforcement measures in the organizations: it emphasizes the quality of data of control measures for transactions, focuses on the formation of a systematic approach to AML/CFT, specifies the KYC requirements. The comparison of established international and national requirements allows to assess the level of AML / CFT provision in Russia and propose innovations in the regulatory framework for AML / CFT regulation of Russian companies to improve its effectiveness: changing penalties, increasing the effectiveness of law-enforcement authorities cooperation, implementing the principle "know your customer", ensuring the regular training of all staff, and other methods. Keywords: AML/CFT, legal framework, FATF.
P2P-Loans, Prospects and Risks Application in the Russian Federation
Authors: I.Y. Karandayev , D.L. Lozovskij 
Published: February 2018

The development of modern technologies determines the emergence of new financial products that affect the existing financial system. The article examines the features of p2p-loans, the advantages, problems and risks associated with their development in the Russian Federation. The article also analyzes the prospects for the legal regulation of p2p-loans. Keywords: financial technologies, risks, p2p-loans, financial stability
Problems of Data Collection for the Application of the Data Mining Methods in Analyzing Threshold Levels of Indicators of Economic Security
Authors: A. N. Zhukov , P.Y. Leonov 
Published: February 2018

Determining threshold values of key economic security indices describing an economic situation in any country is an important stage in the assessment of the country’s economic stability. A research was undertaken to determine how this problem can be effectively solved with such Data Mining algorithm as decision trees. According to the results of the research the effectiveness of the method was proved, but only with sufficient amount of data available. However, such data collection has a number of significant problems. These problems can be attributed to the following factors: the data for the analysis are presented with varying frequency, there is no possibility to use data over longer time intervals, the lack of a common list of indicators of economic security, which are used in different countries. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the existing problems of the data collection and to submit proposals of solving them. Keywords: Economic security, Issues of data collection, Data Mining, thresholds.
Problems of Identification and Evaluation of Materiality of Fraudulent Distortion of Financial Statements Auditing Process
Authors: I.P. Komissarova , N.S. Belogina 
Published: February 2018

Audit, which over 150 years has demonstrated high potential as an instrument for shareholders and other users to provide reliable financial reporting, at the beginning of the 21st century faces new challenges. These challenges include increased fraudulent misstatement of the financial statements. In article the extent of objectively existing restrictions and the ability to use audit in changed conditions for confront the negative trends are examined. It is noted that there is deepened contradictions between the increased requirements for auditor responsibility for not detecting fraud and decrease of the role of moral-ethical foundations of audit activities. Palliative care is offered for this contradiction by an auditor in respect of fraudulent distortion reporting views in negative form with an average level of confidence, as the relevant collected evidence. Defined the future direction of the transformation of the audit in the conditions of development and implementation in business practice of digital technology. Keywords: fraud, unlawful activity, the risk of material misstatement, prerequisites
System Analysis of Financial Monitoring Subjects' Activities for the Country's Economic Security Ensuring
Authors: A.S. Prikazchikova , G.S. Prikazchikova 
Published: February 2018

The article considers the binary classification problem of economic security objects on the credit institutions example, for which it is proposed to use machine learning methods. In the study process the expediency of one of the methods of machine learning — the method of k-nearest neighbors — was proved to solve this problem, its efficiency amounted
to 84 %. Key words: machine learning methods, financial statements, performance indicators, credit institutions, binary classification, k-nearest neighbors method.
Technology for Automated Search and Detection of Overpriced Road Construction and Repair Public Procurement Contracts
Authors: D.V. Domashova , E.E. Pisarchik , A.V. Lifar 
Published: February 2018

The paper presents the results of the use of the technology developed by the authors for automated monitoring of financial and economic events corresponding to formalized typologies of suspicious activity in the area of public procurement developed by the Eurasian Anti-Money-Laundering and Combating Terrorist Financing Group (EAG). For this work, a typology based on deviation of contract price from market price in road construction and maintenance was chosen. Keywords: public procurement, road construction and repair, AML/CFT, suspicious activity, typology
The Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism as a Component of International Anti-Money Laundering System
Authors: A. Yurieva 
Published: February 2018

This article is about the Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and financing of terrorism. The history of group is studied, as well as its structure and functions. The examples of the results of group’s activities are presented, the conclusion is made about its role in the region and the role of Russia in group’s development. Keywords: Combating Money Laundering and financing of terrorism, FATF, FATF-style regional body, The Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and financing of terrorism, Technical assistance and training, The International training and methodology center for financial monitoring
The Impact of Terrorist Activities on the Economy of the State
Authors: G. S. Soldatov 
Published: February 2018

The article sets a task to examine the consequences of terrorist activities and its impact on the economy of the state. Because of the analysis, the author concludes that terrorist acts have an impact on the economy in the short-term period, but it always recovers because of the transfer of economic activities of the population to the following periods. Keywords: terrorism, economy, investments
The Legal Status of Auditors and Audit Organizations in the AML / CFT system
Authors: N.V. Morozov , A.M. Gubina , O.S. Kotelyanets 
Published: February 2018

Money laundering has become an increasing concern to law makers in recent years, principally because of its association with terrorism. Recent legislative changes mean that auditors may become state law enforcement agencies in the private sector. We examine this legislation in terms of the changing nature of the relationship between auditors and the state and the aggregate of supervision within which it is located. According to the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2005 No. 82 [2], all lawyers, notaries and auditors are obliged to inform the state of any suspicious transactions of their clients. Keywords: money laundering, terrorist financing, auditors, audit organizations.
The Problems of Crowdsourcing Legal Regulation in Russian Federation
Authors: E.Y. Afanaseva 
Published: February 2018

In this article the problems of legal regulation of fintech in Russia are considered, special attention is paid to the crowdsourcing, its classification, examples of business models, and the importance of developing alternative financial instruments due to the growing role of information technology in the terms of environment. The actual legal system of Russian Federation is analyzed due to the questions of fintech and traditional financial instruments. The article examines contradictions of laws and legal hurdles. The author suggests generalized measures to eliminate the deficiencies of legislation aimed at the development of fintech in Russia. Keywords: crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, crowdlending, crowdinvesting, legal regulation, problems of legislation
Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Kelapa Terhadap Kandungan Gizi Dan Sifat Organoleptik Kue Kering; The Effect of Coconut Flour Substitution on Nutrient Content and Organoleptic Properties of Cookies
Authors: POLII FAHRI FERDINAND 
Published: February 2018

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Tepung kelapa merupakan salah satu alternatif substitusi tepung terigu dengan kandungan serat yang tinggi dan karbohidrat kompleks yang baik bagi kesehatan terutama untuk penderita diabetes. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan gizi dan sifat organoleptik kue kering yang diolah menggunakan tepung kelapa. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Manado pada bulan Pebruari-Nopember 2014. Tahapan penelitian, yaitu: pengeringan daging buah kelapa segar, pengepresan minyak/pemisahan minyak kelapa, pembuatan tepung kelapa, pembuatan kue kering serta analisis komposisi kimia dan organoleptik kue kering. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, perlakuan adalah perbandingan jumlah tepung terigu dan tepung kelapa yang digunakan yaitu pembuatan kue kering. Parameter yang diuji adalah kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, serat kasar, karbohidrat dan organoleptik (rasa, aroma, warna dan tekstur). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung ampas kelapa memiliki kadar protein dan serat lebih tinggi dibanding tepung terigu. Kadar abu, protein, lemak dan serat kasar cenderung meningkat dengan bertambahnya jumlah tepung ampas kelapa yang digunakan, sebaliknya kadar air dan karbohidrat mengalami penurunan. Tepung kelapa dapat mensubstitusi tepung terigu pada pembuatan kue kering sampai 50% dengan tingkat penerimaan panelis pada kategori rasa cukup suka sampai suka.</p><p> </p><p align="center">ABSTRACT </p>Coconut flour is an alternative substitution of wheat flour with high fiber content and complex carbohydrates that are good for health especially for diabetics. The purpose of this research is to know the nutrient content and organoleptic of cookies processed using coconut flour. The research was conducted at Research Center and Industrial Standardization of Manado on February-November 2014. The research steps were drying of fresh coconut meat, oil pressing/coconut oil separation, coconut flour making, processing of cookies, analysis of chemical properties and organoleptic test. Research using Completely Randomized Design, treatments were the ratio of the amount of wheat flour and coconut flour used in the manufacture of cookies. Parameters tested were moisture content, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate and organoleptic (flavor, aroma, color and texture). The results showed that the coconut flour had higher protein and fiber content than wheat flour. The content of ash, protein, fat and fiber tends to increase with the increasing amount of coconut flour used, otherwise the water and carbohydrate levels decrease. Coconut flour can substitute wheat flour in processing of cookies up to 50% with panelist acceptance level in taste category quite like until likes.
Common Design Problems of Sump Tanks
Authors: Thro Mary E. 
Published: February 2018

E&P Exchange
When gravity settling is used for water treating, the buoyancy of oil droplets makes them rise at a velocity proportional to the difference between the specific gravities of water and oil (Stokes' law). If the flow rate in a vertical vessel or skim pile is such that the average water velocity from the water inlet to the vessel outlet is greater than the droplet velocity as it rises owing to buoyancy, the droplet will be carried out with the water. The maximum flow rate for a vertical or horizontal sump is proportional to the difference in specific gravities.
If a vessel is sized for produced water and oil but also is being used for rain water from deck runoff, the allowable flow rates for the two cases are different because of differences in the specific gravities of water and oil. Rain water normally has a lower specific gravity than produced water, and oil washed off the deck into the sump by rain is weathered oil with a specific gravity greater than that of the fresh oil. This is particularly true with very light oil or gas condensate, both of which contain more light components removed by weathering. As an example, assuming the weathering process leaves 30° API oil on the deck, the difference in specific gravities between rain water and weathered oil is 0.13. For process fluids, assuming a light oil (60°API) and produced water (specific gravity= 1.07), the difference in specific gravity could be 0.33.
For a sump with the same diameter, the allowable flow rate for rain is 0.13/0.33 = 0.39 times the allowable flow rate for process fluids. A sump that is adequate for normal conditions and wash down may be undersized to handle runoff from a rainstorm because of a significantly smaller difference in specific gravities of the fluids involved.
A second problem that shows up during rainstorms is not related to vessel diameter but to the configuration of the internals.
For the vertical sump shown in Fig. 1, the static head of the water standing in the water leg is equal to the head of the water plus the oil pad inside the sump. If pure water flows into the sump, the level of the water inside the sump is equal to the height of the water leg outlet (neglecting a small additional height to overcome drag caused by the flow through the pipe).
Wheatgrass Germination and Seedling Growth under Osmotic Stress
Authors: Sheikh‐Mohamadi Mohamad‐Hossein , Etemadi Nematollah , Nikbakht Ali , Farajpour Mostafa , Arab Mostafa , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
A physiological mechanism for drought resistance in wheatgrass is proposed.Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity during germination of wheatgrass under drought stress.Germination, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheatgrass under drought stress.
Osmotic stress is one of the major environmental stresses that limits plant growth and seed germination in many areas of the world. The purpose of this research was to determine the degree and range of tolerance to osmotic stress in 20 wheatgrass ecotypes to identify ecotypes that might be potentially useful in arid and semiarid regions. We used a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, five levels of osmotic stress (0, –0.2, –0.5, –0.8, and –1.6 MPa), wheatgrass ecotypes, and three replicates. Our findings suggest that AD1, AD2, AD3, and AD5 ecotypes under osmotic stress have a higher level of final germination percentage (FGP) and rate of germination (GR), although they had a lower value for the average germination time (MGT) than other ecotypes during the experiment. These results suggested that AD1, AD2, AD3, AD5, AE5, AC6, and FA ecotypes exhibited a more effective protection, along with various mechanisms, and the mitigation of oxidative damages such as lipid peroxidation through mechanisms by which enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant activities were maintained at a higher level. Also, these ecotypes showed higher proline and total nonstructural carbohydrate contents (TNC), but lower malondialdehyde content (MDA) and H2O2 content than other ecotypes. A cluster analysis found these same six ecotypes (AD1, AD2, AD3, AD5, AE5, and AC6) and FA were clustered into a group of “osmotic‐ tolerant ecotypes”. This group might be potentially useful in arid and semiarid regions.
Is Corn Stover Harvest Predictable Using Farm Operation, Technology, and Management Variables?
Authors: Obrycki John F. , Karlen Douglas L. 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Corn stover removal was not common in 2010.Crop sequences were similar for stover and non‐stover harvest farms.State‐level variation occurred in the relative size of farms removing corn stover.Soil erosion control measures were not frequently adopted by either farm group.
Crop residue management, provision of animal feed or bedding, and increased income are potential reasons for harvesting corn (Zea mays L.) stover. Reasons for not doing so include the need for crop residue to restore or increase soil organic matter, protect against wind and water erosion, and cycle plant nutrients. Bioenergy market development may increase the number of producers harvesting corn stover. Can farming practice data predict the likelihood for harvesting corn stover at a national scale? Farm operation, technology, and management variables from the 2010 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) of U.S. corn growers were compared between operations that removed corn stover and those that did not. Nationwide, stover was removed from approximately 6.3% of all corn operations, indicating stover harvest was not a common practice in 2010. Factors increasing the likelihood for stover harvest included producing feed corn, managing crop residues for pest control, and farmland ownership. Technology and conservation practice adoption rates were similar in both groups. Excessive stover removal can increase soil degradation. Both groups had erosion control adoption rates of ≤10%, which may provide an additional disincentive to harvest stover. Overall, the evaluated variables were similar between producers that did and did not harvest stover. This assessment provides a 2010 national baseline that can be used for future evaluations as bioenergy and bioproduct markets develop.
Effects of Land‐Applied Ammonia Scrubber Solutions on Yield, Nitrogen Uptake, Soil Test Phosphorus, and Phosphorus Runoff
Authors: Martin Jerry W. , Moore Philip A. , Li Hong , Ashworth Amanda J. , Miles Dana M. 
Published: February 2018

Ammonia (NH3) scrubbers reduce amounts of NH3 and dust released from animal rearing facilities while generating nitrogen (N)‐rich solutions, which may be used as fertilizers. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various NH3 scrubber solutions on forage yields, N uptake, soil‐test phosphorus (P), and P runoff. A small plot study was conducted using six treatments: (i) an unfertilized control, (ii) potassium bisulfate (KHSO4) scrubber solution, (iii) aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3 ⋅14H2O, alum] scrubber solution, (iv) sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) scrubber solution, (v) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) scrubber solution, and (vi) ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) fertilizer. The scrubber solutions were obtained from ARS Air Scrubbers attached to commercial broiler houses. All N sources were applied at a rate of 112 kg N ha−1. Plots were harvested approximately every 4 wk and soil‐test P measurements were made, then a rainfall simulation study was conducted. Cumulative forage yields were greater (P < 0.05) for KHSO4 (7.6 Mg ha−1) and NaHSO4 (7.5 Mg ha−1) scrubber solutions than for alum (6.7 Mg ha−1) or H2SO4 (6.5 Mg ha−1) scrubber solutions or for NH4NO3 (6.9 Mg ha−1). All N sources resulted in higher yields than the control (5.1 Mg ha−1). The additional potassium in the KHSO4 treatment likely resulted in higher yields. Although Mehlich‐III‐extractable P was not affected, water‐extractable P in soil was lowered by the alum‐based scrubber solution, which also resulted in lower P runoff. This study demonstrates that N captured using NH3 scrubbers is a viable N fertilizer.Core Ideas
Most of the nitrogen excreted by broiler chickens is lost to the atmosphere.
The ARS Air Scrubber can use acid salts to scrub ammonia from poultry house exhaust.
Fertilizing with scrubber solutions resulted in higher yields than ammonium nitrate.
Alum‐based scrubber solutions reduced phosphorus runoff.
Nitrogen captured using ammonia scrubbers is a viable fertilizer.
The Root Zone: Soil Physics and Beyond
Authors: Lazarovitch Naftali , Vanderborght Jan , Jin Yan , van Genuchten Martinus Th. 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
This special section has 15 contributions focused on physical and biochemical processes in the root zone.
Contributions stem from presentations at the 2016 Kirkham conference in Sede Boqer Campus, Israel.
The root system plays a key role in water, nutrient, and gas transport processes in the vadose zone.
Novel measurement and modeling tools are still needed to understand and manage root zone processes.
This special section of Vadose Zone Journal (VZJ) contains 15 contributions focusing on the physical, biological, and chemical aspects of water and solute transport into and through the soil root zone, including root water and solute uptake. The papers stem from presentations at the 2016 Kirkham Conference, “The Root Zone: Soil Physics and Beyond,” which took place at the Sede Boqer campus of Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, during 10 to 14 April (https://www.soils.org/membership/divisions/soil‐physics‐and‐hydrology/kirkham‐conferences). Much consensus existed at the conference for a special VZJ section to reflect the importance of the soil root zone from many disciplinary perspectives (soil, environmental, agricultural, hydrologic, and atmospheric) and the complexity of the basic processes involved. The contributions deal with root zone processes at different scales and from different disciplinary viewpoints, while covering a broad range of topics from the very theoretical to important practical applications. Special emphasis is on novel measurement and modeling tools at various scales and the need for interdisciplinary research.