bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological and biogeochemical controls governing the speciation and accumulation of selenium in a wetland influenced by mine drainage
Authors: Martin Alan J. , Fraser Colin , Simpson Stephanie , Belzile Nelson , Chen Y.-W. , London Jacqueline , Wallschläger Dirk 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Controls governing the speciation and accumulation of Se in a 3.7-ha marsh influenced by mine drainage were assessed through examination of water balance, water quality, sediment, and plant tissue components. Over the 8-mo study period (April through November, 2009), mean monthly flows ranged from 1600 to 2300 m3 d−1 (hydraulic retention time of 1–3 d). Total Se concentrations in the marsh outflow were lower than the inflow by 0.4 to 6.2 μg L−1 (mean difference = 3.3 μg L−1), illustrating Se removal. The Se accumulation pathways are illustrated by elevated concentrations of Se in sediments (3–35 mg kg−1 dry wt) as well as in below-ground (2–41 mg kg−1 dry wt; mean = 10 mg kg−1 dry wt) and above-ground (0.8–6.3 mg kg−1 dry wt; mean = 2 mg kg−1 dry wt) emergent plant tissues. Redox stratification in the shallow water column had a marked effect on Se speciation and behavior, illustrating bottom water removal of dissolved selenate in suboxic horizons and increased mobility of dissolved organo-Se. Mass balance data yielded inflow and outflow loading rates for Se of 27 and 23 g d−1, respectively (net accumulation rate of 4 g d−1 or 0.11 mg m2 d−1). The rate of accumulation as calculated from the mass balance agrees with independently measured rates of Se accumulation in sediments for the site (3.6–8.1 g d−1 or 0.10–0.22 mg m−2 d−1). Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1824–1838. © 2018 SETAC
Localization of the cannabinoid type‐1 receptor in subcellular astrocyte compartments of mutant mouse hippocampus
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Ana , Bonilla‐Del Río Itziar , Puente Nagore , Gómez‐Urquijo Sonia M. , Fontaine Christine J. , Egaña‐Huguet Jon , Elezgarai Izaskun , Ruehle Sabine , Lutz Beat , Robin Laurie M. , Soria‐Gómez Edgar , Bellocchio Luigi , Padwal Jalindar D. , van der Stelt Mario , Mendizabal‐Zubiaga Juan , Reguero Leire , Ramos Almudena , Gerrikagoitia Inmaculada , Marsicano Giovanni , Grandes Pedro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAstroglial type‐1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors are involved in synaptic transmission, plasticity and behavior by interfering with the so‐called tripartite synapse formed by pre‐ and post‐synaptic neuronal elements and surrounding astrocyte processes. However, little is known concerning the subcellular distribution of astroglial CB1 receptors. In particular, brain CB1 receptors are mostly localized at cells' plasmalemma, but recent evidence indicates their functional presence in mitochondrial membranes. Whether CB1 receptors are present in astroglial mitochondria has remained unknown. To investigate this issue, we included conditional knock‐out mice lacking astroglial CB1 receptor expression specifically in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐containing astrocytes (GFAP‐CB1‐KO mice) and also generated genetic rescue mice to re‐express CB1 receptors exclusively in astrocytes (GFAP‐CB1‐RS). To better identify astroglial structures by immunoelectron microscopy, global CB1 knock‐out (CB1‐KO) mice and wild‐type (CB1‐WT) littermates were intra‐hippocampally injected with an adeno‐associated virus expressing humanized renilla green fluorescent protein (hrGFP) under the control of human GFAP promoter to generate GFAPhrGFP‐CB1‐KO and ‐WT mice, respectively. Furthermore, double immunogold (for CB1) and immunoperoxidase (for GFAP or hrGFP) revealed that CB1 receptors are present in astroglial mitochondria from different hippocampal regions of CB1‐WT, GFAP‐CB1‐RS and GFAPhrGFP‐CB1‐WT mice. Only non‐specific gold particles were detected in mouse hippocampi lacking CB1 receptors. Altogether, we demonstrated the existence of a precise molecular architecture of the CB1 receptor in astrocytes that will have to be taken into account in evaluating the functional activity of cannabinergic signaling at the tripartite synapse.
Sibling presence, executive function, and the role of parenting
Authors: Rolan Emily P. , Schmitt Sara A. , Purpura David J. , Nichols Deborah L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSiblings offer a unique context for practising skills such as executive function (EF). Further, siblings are influential agents in parenting practices, which may, in turn, be related to EF. The current study investigated the extent to which the presence of a sibling is related to parent‐reported EF in preschoolers and whether the presence of a sibling is indirectly related to EF through global parenting practices. Participants included children 30 to 60 months old and their caregivers (n = 505). Caregivers indicated that target children were predominately White (n = 354, 72%) and African American (n = 51, 10%), with the remaining participants representing multiple other racial categories (23%). Caregivers reported on parenting characteristics, their child's EF, and demographic information. Analyses revealed a negative association between sibling presence and parent‐reported EF. Initial analyses suggested that sibling presence was indirectly related to EF through a broad measure of global parenting practices; however, Follow‐up analyses indicated that when the global parenting practices scale was broken down into distinct parenting practices (e.g., warmth), indirect effects were not significant. These findings begin to clarify the influence of parenting behaviours and sibling presence in the home on young children's EF, suggesting that continued research is necessary to further elucidate these relations.Highlights

Researchers investigated the relation between sibling presence and executive function and if global parenting practices were important in the association.
Caregivers reported on their child, revealing that having a sibling was associated with lower executive function.
Executive function is an important predictor of numerous developmental outcomes; research must replicate our findings and continue to explore the mechanisms through which siblings may be impacting children's executive function development.
Comparison of in vitro biocompatibility of silicone and polymethyl methacrylate during the curing phase of polymerization
Authors: Song Wei , Seta Joseph , Eichler Michael K. , Arts Jacobus J. , Boszczyk Bronek M. , Markel David C. , Gasbarrini Alessandro , Ren Weiping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAdverse events have been reported with acrylic bone cements. However, current test standards for acrylic materials fail to characterize the potentially harmful monomers released during the curing stage. In clinical applications, materials are implanted into the human body during this phase. Silicone may be a safer alternative to acrylic cements. Silicone is used in medical applications for its biocompatibility and stability characteristics. Previously, no study has been completed which compares silicone to acrylic cements. In this study, both materials were injected into the cell medium during the curing process which more accurately reflects clinical use of material. Initially, cell cultures followed ASTM standard F813‐07 which fails to capture the effects of monomer released during curing. Subsequently, a modified cell culture method was employed which evaluated cytotoxicity while the materials cured. The objective of this study was to capture toxicity data during curing phase. Thus, the test method employed measured and excluded the impact of the exothermic reaction temperature of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) on cell growth. The concentration of PMMA monomer was measured at 1 and 24 h after injecting PMMA into culture plates in a manner consistent with established cell growth methodologies. Our results indicate current in vitro cytotoxicity assays recommended by ASTM standards are unable to reveal the real cytotoxic effect caused by methyl methacrylate monomers during polymerization. Our modified experiment can more accurately illustrate the true nature of the toxicity of materials and improve assay results. In these tests, silicone based elastomeric polymers showed excellent cytocompatibility. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2693–2699, 2018.
Tumor mechanosensing and its therapeutic potential
Authors: Gargalionis Antonios N. , Basdra Efthimia K. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCancer mechanics have lately emerged as a distinct tumor feature that promotes tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. Tumor mechanosensing involves a mechanical interplay between cancer cells, extracellular matrix, and cells of the surrounding stroma. Mechanoreceptors sense alterations of the extracellular mechanical cues and activate signaling molecules, which mediate oncogenic transcription in favor of cancer initiation, survival, growth, and metastasis. Furthermore, alterations of the matrix rigidity and activation of mechano‐induced transcriptional regulators has been strongly associated with resistance to anti‐cancer agents. In this context, new mechanosensitive molecules arise as potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, tumor mechanosignaling represents a promising field that can potentially offer new combination regimens to overcome drug resistance, but also suggest novel targeting strategies.
Rare LPL gene missense mutation in an infant with hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Qin Yuan‐yuan , Wei Ai‐qiu , Shan Qing‐wen , Xian Xiao‐ying , Wu Yang‐yang , Liao Lin , Yan Jie , Lai Zhan‐feng , Lin Fa‐quan 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundSevere hypertriglyceridemia usually results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors and is most often attributable to mutations in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify rare mutations in the LPL gene causing severe hypertriglyceridemia.MethodsA Chinese infant who presented classical features of severe hypertriglyceridemia recruited for DNA sequencing of the LPL gene. The pathogenicity grade of the variants was defined based on the prediction of pathogenicity using in silico prediction tools. Review some studies to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the severe hypertriglyceridemia.ResultsWe identified a rare mutation in the LPL gene causing severe hypertriglyceridemia: a nucleotide substitution (c.836T>G) resulting in a leucine to arginine substitution at position 279 of the protein (p.Leu279Arg).The pathogenicity of the variant was predicted by in silico analysis using PolyPhen2 and SIFT prediction programs, which indicated that mutation p.Leu279Arg is probably harmful. We have also reviewed published studies concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying severe hypertriglyceridemia. A missense mutation in the 6 exon of the LPL gene is reportedly associated with LPL deficiency.ConclusionsWe have here identified a rare pathogenic mutation in the LPL gene in a Chinese infant with severe hypertriglyceridemia.
A simple solid‐phase extraction method for the analysis of red cell phospholipids by liquid chromatography‐ tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Nguyen Van Long 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThere has been increasing interest in the analysis of phospholipids in red blood cells as potential long‐term biomarkers of different disease states. Here, we describe a simple method for the analysis of two phospholipids: 1‐Palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanol (PE 16:0/18:1) and 1‐Palmitoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanol (PE 16:/0/18:2) in erythrocytes by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS).MethodsWhole blood samples were removed free of plasma and washed in isotonic saline. Red cells were lysed with ultrapure water. Lysate samples were processed using a hybrid solid‐phase extraction (SPE) phospholipid cartridge (1 mL, 30 mg). Both PE 16:0/18:1 and PE 16:0/18:2 and their deuterated internal standards were separated on an ACE C4 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.7 μm particle size) by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL per minute using mobile phases consisting of 0.01 mol/L ammonium acetate in: water (A), methanol (B), and isopropanol (C). The phospholipid species were quantified by the following transitions: PE 16:0/18:1: 701.5→281.3 and PE 16:0/18:2: 699.5→279.3.ResultsBoth PE species displayed linearity ranging from 10 to 500 μg/L. The coefficient of variation (CV%) of PE 16:0/18:1 concerning intraday and interday precision was between 1.9%‐2.6% and 3.0%‐4.3%, respectively. For PE 16:0/18:2, this was between 1.8%‐3.4% and 3.7%‐4.1%, respectively. Both phospholipid species had accuracy (PE 16:0/18:1: 91%‐98% and PE 16:0/18:2: 94%‐103%) and extraction recovery (PE 16:0/18:1: 95%‐106% and PE 16:0/18:2: 92%‐102%) exceeding 90% over the analytical range. The limit of detection was 5 μg/L.ConclusionHere we propose a simple SPE LC‐MS/MS method for analyzing phospholipids in erythrocytes, which can be easily adopted.
Feasible microbial accumulation of triacylglycerides from crude glycerol
Authors: Fra‐Vázquez Andrea , Pedrouso Alba , Palmeiro‐Sánchez Tania , Moralejo‐Gárate Helena , Mosquera‐Corral Anuska 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrude glycerol, a by‐product of the biodiesel production industry, was used to produce intracellular storage polymers for waste valorization. The enrichment of a mixed microbial culture (MMC) in microorganisms with the ability to accumulate intracellular polymers was performed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) submitted to feast–famine conditions. The effect of different carbon sources in the accumulation of biopolymers was investigated.RESULTSA MMC enriched in yeast and bacteria was obtained using crude glycerol as feedstock. Accumulation experiments performed with crude glycerol, synthetic glycerol and synthetic methanol showed the feasibility of the MMC to produce different biopolymers. Triacylglyceride (TAG) accumulation up to 46 wt% in yeast cells was promoted by the presence of residual lipids in crude glycerol. However, bacteria from class Betaproteobacteria used glycerol mainly to accumulate 28 wt% of polyglucose (PG) and methanol as carbon source for cell growth.CONCLUSIONSAs waste valorization, a possible advantage which comes out of the present study is the use of open, non‐sterile and non‐defined systems to produce TAGs. These TAGs can potentially re‐enter the biodiesel production process helping on the maximisation of the feedstock used in this process. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Retention and mortality on antiretroviral therapy in sub‐Saharan Africa: collaborative analyses of HIV treatment programmes
Authors: Haas Andreas D , Zaniewski Elizabeth , Anderegg Nanina , Ford Nathan , Fox Matthew P , Vinikoor Michael , Dabis François , Nash Denis , Sinayobye Jean d'Amour , Niyongabo Thêodore , Tanon Aristophane , Poda Armel , Adedimeji Adebola A , Edmonds Andrew , Davies Mary‐Ann , Egger Matthias ,   the African regions of the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionBy 2020, 90% of all people diagnosed with HIV should receive long‐term combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). In sub‐Saharan Africa, this target is threatened by loss to follow‐up in ART programmes. The proportion of people retained on ART long‐term cannot be easily determined, because individuals classified as lost to follow‐up, may have self‐transferred to another HIV treatment programme, or may have died. We describe retention on ART in sub‐Saharan Africa, first based on observed data as recorded in the clinic databases, and second adjusted for undocumented deaths and self‐transfers.MethodsWe analysed data from HIV‐infected adults and children initiating ART between 2009 and 2014 at a sub‐Saharan African HIV treatment programme participating in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA). We used the Kaplan–Meier method to calculate the cumulative incidence of retention on ART and the Aalen–Johansen method to calculate the cumulative incidences of death, loss to follow‐up, and stopping ART. We used inverse probability weighting to adjust clinic data for undocumented mortality and self‐transfer, based on estimates from a recent systematic review and meta‐analysis.ResultsWe included 505,634 patients: 12,848 (2.5%) from Central Africa, 109,233 (21.6%) from East Africa, 347,343 (68.7%) from Southern Africa and 36,210 (7.2%) from West Africa. In crude analyses of observed clinic data, 52.1% of patients were retained on ART, 41.8% were lost to follow‐up and 6.0% had died 5 years after ART initiation. After accounting for undocumented deaths and self‐transfers, we estimated that 66.6% of patients were retained on ART, 18.8% had stopped ART and 14.7% had died at 5 years.ConclusionsImproving long‐term retention on ART will be crucial to attaining the 90% on ART target. Naïve analyses of HIV cohort studies, which do not account for undocumented mortality and self‐transfer of patients, may severely underestimate both mortality and retention on ART.
MRI‐based measurements of whole‐brain global cerebral blood flow: Comparison and validation at 1.5T and 3T
Authors: Chen Chun‐Ming , Huang Yen‐Chih , Shih Cheng‐Ting , Chen Yung‐Fang , Peng Shin‐Lei 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundWhole‐brain global cerebral blood flow (CBF) determined by MRI techniques, calculated using total CBF (TCBF) from phase‐contrast MRI (PC‐MRI), and brain parenchyma volume (BPV) from T1‐weighted image, have become increasingly popular in many applications.Purpose/HypothesisTo determine if MRI‐based measurements of whole‐brain global CBF data obtained across different field strengths could be merged, TCBF and BPV data acquired at 1.5T and 3T were compared.Study TypeProspective study.PopulationSeventeen healthy subjects (eight females, aged 21–29 years old).Field Strength/SequenceFast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) and PC‐MRI at both 1.5T and 3T.AssessmentTCBF and BPV data acquired at 1.5T and 3T were compared.Statistical TestsThe relationships of TCBF and whole‐brain global CBF between two field strengths were examined by using the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsRegression analysis revealed a strong correlation between TCBF at two field strengths (R2 = 0.78, P < 0.001), and the ICC was 0.85, suggesting measurements of TCBF at 1.5T were comparable and correlated with those at 3T. There was a significant difference in BPV between field strengths, where the white matter estimate was significantly larger at 1.5T when compared with that at 3T (P < 0.001). When TCBF was further normalized to the brain parenchyma mass to obtain whole‐brain global CBF, it only showed a moderate correlation between measurements at the two field strengths (R2 = 0.46, P = 0.003) and lower ICC of 0.66, reflecting the slightly higher interstrength variability in the whole‐brain global CBF measurements.Data ConclusionTCBF measurements could be performed equally well with comparable results at both field strengths, but specific attention should be given when TCBF is further normalized to BPV to obtain whole‐brain global CBF.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1273–1280.
Evaluating a preventive biological control agent applied on grapevines against Botrytis cinerea and its influence on winemaking
Authors: Escribano‐Viana Rocío , Portu Javier , Garijo Patrocinio , Gutiérrez Ana Rosa , Santamaría Pilar , López‐Alfaro Isabel , López Rosa , González‐Arenzana Lucía 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis research was aimed to study the influence on grape and wine quality and on the fermentation processes of the application of a preventive biological treatment against Botrytis cinerea in Tempranillo Rioja grapevines. For this purpose, a biofungicide containing Bacillus subtilis QST713 was applied twice to the vineyard.RESULTSResults were compared with non‐treated samples from the same vineyard and with samples treated with a chemical fungicide composed of fenhexamid. Data showed that general grape quality and spontaneous alcoholic fermentation performance were not influenced by either fungicide application. The chemical fungicide had a considerable influence on the clonal diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae species, which led to the alcoholic fermentation. Furthermore, it caused longer malolactic fermentation than with the biological fungicide and in the control. The biofungicide made malolactic fermentation 1 day shorter because the establishment of the commercial lactic acid bacteria used as a starter culture was total. After malolactic fermentation, the wines did not show significant differences in general oenological parameters.CONCLUSIONPreventive biofungicide treatment against B. cinerea did not negatively influence the quality of grapes and wines and the fermentation processes. Therefore, biological control of B. cinerea with B. subtilis applied on grapevines could be advisable in oenological terms. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Applying nitrogen fertilizer increased anthocyanin in vegetative shoots but not in grain of purple rice genotypes
Authors: Yamuangmorn Supaporn , Dell Bernard , Rerkasem Benjavan , Prom‐u‐thai Chanakan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthocyanin is a major antioxidant compound in purple rice, with properties that can protect against oxidative damage in some human diseases. This study was undertaken to determine if nitrogen (N) fertilizer can enhance anthocyanin and antioxidant levels in four purple Thai rice genotypes.RESULTSThe anthocyanin concentration and antioxidant capacity were increased in the shoots of N120 plants compared with plants without N. The leaves had higher anthocyanin concentration and antioxidant capacity than the stem+leaf sheath. Maximum shoot anthocyanin concentrations occurred at tillering and then declined by 87–94% at maturity. Antioxidant capacity was high at tillering and panicle initiation and declined by 26% in leaves and by 98% in the stem+leaf sheath at maturity. Unlike in the vegetative shoot, grain anthocyanin was not affected by the addition of N fertilizer. The response of grain antioxidant capacity to N fertilizer was affected by genotype, increasing in KPY by 45% but decreasing in K19959 by 30% in N120 plants.CONCLUSIONApplying N fertilizer could be a promising way to improve the antioxidative properties in vegetative parts for use in rice‐grass juice, cosmetics and other products, especially the young leaves, which contained high values of anthocyanin as well as antioxidant capacity. However, further field studies should be undertaken to optimize N utilization for anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in purple rice genotypes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry