bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When “Goal!” means ‘soccer’
Authors: Pascual Esther , Dornelas Aline , Oakley Todd 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAutism is characterized by repetitive behavior and difficulties in adopting the viewpoint of others. We examine a communicative phenomenon resulting from these symptoms: non-prototypical direct speech for non-reports involving an actual utterance from previously produced discourse (e.g. quoting somebody’s words to refer to them,Pascual 2014). We video-recorded the naturalistic speech of five Brazilian children with autism, five typically developing children of the same mental age, and five of the same chronological age. They all used so-calledfictive speech(Pascual 2014,Dornelas & Pascual 2016) for narration, expressing needs, and referring to individuals and events (e.g. sayingGoal!for ‘playing soccer’). Such verbatim fictive speech originated in specific prior interactions or in socio-communicative or socio-cultural knowledge. We found considerable differences in the three groups in the frequency and degree of creativeness of fictive speech as opposed to it representing standard linguistic formulae or echoing previously produced speech word by word.
Using Bounds to Compare the Strength of Exchangeability Assumptions for Internal and External Validity
Authors: Breskin Alexander , Westreich Daniel , Cole Stephen R , Edwards Jessie K 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the absence of strong assumptions (e.g., exchangeability), only bounds for causal effects can be identified. Here we describe bounds for the risk difference for an effect of a binary exposure on a binary outcome in 4 common study settings: observational studies and randomized studies, each with and without simple random selection from the target population. Through these scenarios, we introduce randomizations for selection and treatment, and the widths of the bounds are narrowed from 2 (the width of the range of the risk difference) to 0 (point identification). We then assess the strength of the assumptions of exchangeability for internal and external validity by comparing their contributions to the widths of the bounds in the setting of an observational study without random selection from the target population. We find that when less than two-thirds of the target population is selected into the study, the assumption of exchangeability for external validity of the risk difference is stronger than that for internal validity. The relative strength of these assumptions should be considered when designing, analyzing, and interpreting observational studies and will aid in determining the best methods for estimating the causal effects of interest.
Opioid Use and Misuse and Suicidal Behaviors in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults
Authors: Samples Hillary , Stuart Elizabeth A , Olfson Mark 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrior research has shown associations between opioid misuse and suicidal behaviors, but the relationship between medical opioid use and suicidal behaviors is not known. We assessed associations of opioid use and misuse with suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts among adults aged 18–64 years (n = 86,186) using nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2015 and 2016 administrations of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between opioid use/misuse and suicidal behaviors and propensity score–weighted logistic regression analysis to examine the counterfactual scenario in which persons with misuse had instead not misused opioids. In propensity score–weighted analyses, compared with opioid misuse, opioid use without misuse was associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45, 0.72) and suicide plans (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.80), and no use was associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.80), suicide plans (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.79), and suicide attempts (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.89). These findings suggest that opioid misuse is associated with greater odds of suicidal behaviors, but opioid use without misuse is not. Compared with persons with opioid misuse, similar persons without misuse have a reduced risk of suicidal behaviors. Clinical and public health interventions should focus on preventing misuse of opioids.
Social Work, Inter-Disciplinary Cooperation and Self-Neglect: Exploring Logics of Appropriateness
Authors: Mason Karl , Evans Tony 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Working in a cooperative manner with other disciplines or agencies is often cited as an essential element of social work with adults who self-neglect. Cooperative working is now a legal requirement for agencies involved in adult social care in England. However, little is known about how social workers engage cooperatively with other disciplines in practice. This study sets out to explore this issue, employing the ‘Logic of Appropriateness’ perspective to theorise the ways in which social workers talked about working with other disciplines in self-neglect casework. The article presents a qualitative study, which was undertaken through semi-structured interviews with eleven social workers in an urban, adult social care team in an English local authority. Thematic analysis was not only used to draw out four key logics used by the social workers—leadership, joint-working, conflict and proxy—but also highlighted the ways in which social workers moved between different logics when talking about inter-disciplinary cooperation and working with adults who self-neglect. The results highlight the complex dynamics of cooperation and suggest that these dynamics need to be understood in assessing the implementation of integrated policies for social care in this area.
Directed random geometric graphs
Authors: Michel Jesse , Reddy Sushruth , Shah Rikhav , Silwal Sandeep , Movassagh Ramis 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Many real-world networks are intrinsically directed. Such networks include activation of genes, hyperlinks on the internet and the network of followers on Twitter among many others. The challenge, however, is to create a network model that has many of the properties of real-world networks such as power-law degree distributions and the small-world property. To meet these challenges, we introduce the Directed Random Geometric Graph (DRGG) model, which is an extension of the random geometric graph model. We prove that it is scale-free with respect to the indegree distribution, has binomial outdegree distribution, has a high clustering coefficient, has few edges and is likely small-world. These are some of the main features of aforementioned real-world networks. We also empirically observed that word association networks have many of the theoretical properties of the DRGG model.
Evidence for a large strike-slip component during the 1960 Chilean earthquake
Authors: Kanamori Hiroo , Rivera Luis , Lambotte Sophie 
Published: February 2019

SUMMARYThe strainmeter record observed at Isabella (ISA), California, for the 1960 Chilean earthquake (Mw = 9.5) is one of the most important historical records in seismology because it was one of the three records that provided the opportunity for the first definitive observations of free oscillations of the Earth. Because of the orientation of the strainmeter rod with respect to the back azimuth to Chile, the ISA strainmeter is relatively insensitive to G (Love) waves and higher order (order ≥ 6) toroidal modes, yet long-period G waves and toroidal modes were recorded with large amplitude on this record. This observation cannot be explained with the conventional low-angle thrust mechanism typical of great subduction-zone earthquakes and requires an oblique mechanism with half strike-slip and half thrust. The strain record at Ogdenburg, New Jersey, the Press–Ewing seismograms at Berkeley, California, and the ultra-long period displacement record at Pasadena, California, also support the oblique mechanism. We tested the performance of the ISA strainmeter using other events including the 1964 Alaskan earthquake and found no instrumental problems. Thus, the ISA observation of large G/R and toroidal/spheroidal ratios most likely reflects the real characteristics of the 1960 Chilean earthquake, rather than an observational artefact. The interpretation of the large strike-slip component is not unique, but it may represent release of the strike-slip strain that has accumulated along the plate boundary as a result of oblique convergence at the Nazca–South American plate boundary. The slip direction of the 2010 Chilean (Maule) earthquake ( Mw = 8.8) is rotated by about 10° clockwise from the plate convergence direction suggesting that right-lateral strain comparable to that of an Mw = 8.3 earthquake remained unreleased and accumulates near the plate boundary. One possible scenario is that the strike-slip strain accumulated over several great earthquakes like the 2010 Maule earthquake was released during the 1960 Chilean earthquake. If this is the case, we cannot always expect a similar behaviour for all the great earthquakes occurring in the same subduction zone and such variability needs to be considered in long-term hazard assessment of subduction-zone earthquakes.
Structure of the zebrafish galectin-1-L2 and model of its interaction with the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) envelope glycoprotein
Authors: Ghosh Anita , Banerjee Aditi , Amzel L Mario , Vasta Gerardo R , Bianchet Mario A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Galectins, highly conserved β-galactoside-binding lectins, have diverse regulatory roles in development and immune homeostasis and can mediate protective functions during microbial infection. In recent years, the role of galectins in viral infection has generated considerable interest. Studies on highly pathogenic viruses have provided invaluable insight into the participation of galectins in various stages of viral infection, including attachment and entry. Detailed mechanistic and structural aspects of these processes remain undetermined. To address some of these gaps in knowledge, we used Zebrafish as a model system to examine the role of galectins in infection by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a rhabdovirus that is responsible for significant losses in both farmed and wild salmonid fish. Like other rhabdoviruses, IHNV is characterized by an envelope consisting of trimers of a glycoprotein that display multiple N-linked oligosaccharides and play an integral role in viral infection by mediating the virus attachment and fusion. Zebrafish’s proto-typical galectin Drgal1-L2 and the chimeric-type galectin Drgal3-L1 interact directly with the glycosylated envelope of IHNV, and significantly reduce viral attachment. In this study, we report the structure of the complex of Drgal1-L2 with N-acetyl-d-lactosamine at 2.0 Å resolution. To gain structural insight into the inhibitory effect of these galectins on IHNV attachment to the zebrafish epithelial cells, we modeled Drgal3-L1 based on human galectin-3, as well as, the ectodomain of the IHNV glycoprotein. These models suggest mechanisms for which the binding of these galectins to the IHNV glycoprotein hinders with different potencies the viral attachment required for infection.
Is vacuum bell therapy effective in the correction of pectus excavatum?
Authors: Patel Akshay J , Hunt Ian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written in accordance to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: ‘In patients with a pectus excavatum deformity, is vacuum bell therapy (VBT) an effective treatment?’ Altogether, 19 papers were found using the reported search of which 7 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical questions. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Numerous groups have demonstrated the utility of VBT in pectus excavatum; the largest series has followed up patients over 13 years with sternal elevation of >1 cm being demonstrated in 105 patients. Initial age <11, initial chest wall depth <1.5 cm and chest wall flexibility have all been associated with better outcomes. The effects of VBT have been confirmed on computed tomography scanning and intraoperatively to lift the sternum to facilitate retrosternal soft tissue dissection during the Nuss procedure. There was significant heterogeneity in the studies reviewed, in terms of patient age, selection criteria, the VBT protocol, length of follow-up time following completion of VBT and the metrics used to assess success of therapy. VBT is a safe therapy for treating pectus excavatum in a non-surgical conservative manner with few complications reported. However, the success of VBT is largely dependent on patient compliance and motivation. Permanence of correction after completion of VBT needs to be properly assessed through rigorous follow-up, and currently the success of correction, i.e. permanence, remains in the hands of the patient.
Integrated approach for triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis is highly effective and cost-effective: an economic evaluation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Tao Yusha , Woodring Joseph , Rattana Kim , Sovannarith Samreth , Rathavy Tung , Cheang Kannitha , Hossain Shafiqul , Ferradini Laurent , Deng Serongkea , Sokun Chay , Samnang Chham , Nagai Mari , Lo Ying-Ru , Ishikawa Naoko 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The Regional Framework for Triple Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission (EMTCT) of HIV, Hepatitis B (HBV) and Syphilis in Asia and the Pacific 2018-30 was endorsed by the Regional Committee of WHO Western Pacific in October 2017, proposing an integrated and coordinated approach to achieve elimination in an efficient, coordinated and sustainable manner. This study aims to assess the population impacts and cost-effectiveness of this integrated approach in the Cambodian context.

Methods
Based on existing frameworks for the EMTCT for each individual infection, an integrated framework that combines infection prevention procedures with routine antenatal care was constructed. Using decision tree analyses, population impacts, cost-effectiveness and the potential reduction in required resources of the integrated approach as a result of resource pooling and improvements in service coverage and coordination, were evaluated. The tool was assessed using simulated epidemiological data from Cambodia.

Results
The current prevention programme for 370,000 Cambodian pregnant women was estimated at USD$2.3 ($2.0–$2.5) million per year, including the duration of pregnancy and up to 18 months after delivery. A model estimate of current MTCT rates in Cambodia was 6.6% (6.2–7.1%) for HIV, 14.1% (13.1–15.2%) for HBV and 9.4% (9.0–9.8%) for syphilis. Integrating HIV and syphilis prevention into the existing antenatal care framework will reduce the total time required to provide this integrated care by 19% for health care workers and by 32% for pregnant women, resulting in a net saving of $380,000 per year for the EMTCT programme. This integrated approach reduces HIV and HBV MTCT to 6.1% (5.7–6.5%) and 13.0% (12.1–14.0%), respectively, and substantially reduces syphilis MCTC to 4.6% (4.3–5.0%). Further introduction of either antiviral treatment for pregnant women with high viral load of HBV, or hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to exposed newborns, will increase the total cost of EMTCT to $4.4 ($3.6–$5.2) million and $3.3 ($2.7–$4.0) million per year, respectively, but substantially reduce HBV MTCT to 3.5% (3.2–3.8%) and 5.0% (4.6–5.5%), respectively. Combining both antiviral and HBIG treatments will further reduce HBV MTCT to 3.4% (3.1–3.7%) at an increased total cost of EMTCT of $4.5 ($3.7–$5.4) million per year. All these HBV intervention scenarios are highly cost–effective ($64–$114 per disability-adjusted life years averted) when the life benefits of these prevention measures are considered.

Conclusions
The integrated approach, using antenatal, perinatal and postnatal care as a platform in Cambodia for triple EMTCT of HIV, HBV and syphilis, is highly cost-effective and efficient.
A systematic review of validated suicide outcome classification in observational studies
Authors: Swain Richard S , Taylor Lockwood G , Braver Elisa R , Liu Wei , Pinheiro Simone P , Mosholder Andrew D 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSuicidal outcomes, including ideation, attempt, and completed suicide, are an important drug safety issue, though few epidemiological studies address the accuracy of suicidal outcome ascertainment. Our primary objective was to evaluate validated methods for suicidal outcome classification in electronic health care database studies.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies that validated methods for suicidal outcome classification published 1 January 1990 to 15 March 2016. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two reviewers using prespecified criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for suicidal outcomes were extracted by two reviewers. Methods followed PRISMA-P guidelines, PROSPERO Protocol: 2016: CRD42016042794.ResultsWe identified 2202 citations, of which 34 validated the accuracy of measuring suicidal outcomes using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes or algorithms, chart review or vital records. ICD E-codes (E950-9) for suicide attempt had 2–19% sensitivity, and 83–100% positive predictive value (PPV). ICD algorithms that included events with ‘uncertain’ intent had 4–70% PPV. The three best-performing algorithms had 74–92% PPV, with improved sensitivity compared with E-codes. Read code algorithms had 14–68% sensitivity and 0–56% PPV. Studies estimated 19–80% sensitivity for chart review, and 41–97% sensitivity and 100% PPV for vital records.ConclusionsPharmacoepidemiological studies measuring suicidal outcomes often use methodologies with poor sensitivity or predictive value or both, which may result in underestimation of associations between drugs and suicidal behaviour. Studies should validate outcomes or use a previously validated algorithm with high PPV and acceptable sensitivity in an appropriate population and data source.
Connected through the force: mechanical signals in plant development
Authors: Landrein Benoit , Ingram Gwyneth 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs multicellular organisms, plants acquire characteristic shapes through a complex set of biological processes known as morphogenesis. Biochemical signalling underlies much of development, as it allows cells to acquire specific identities based on their position within tissues and organs. However, as growing physical structures, plants, and their constituent cells, also experience internal and external physical forces that can be perceived and can influence key processes such as growth, polarity, and gene expression. This process, which adds another layer of control to growth and development, has important implications for plant morphogenesis. This review provides an overview of recent research into the role of mechanical signals in plant development and aims to show how mechanical signalling can be used, in concert with biochemical signals, as a cue allowing cells and tissues to coordinate their behaviour and to add robustness to developmental processes.
Good Reading for the Million: The ‘Paperback Revolution’ And the Co-Production of Academic Knowledge in Mid Twentieth-Century Britain and America*
Authors: Mandler Peter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The serious non-fiction paperback was one of the principal vehicles for the distribution of expert knowledge in the mid 20th century. This paper examines the market for serious non-fiction in both the US and the UK between the 1930s and the 1960s, by looking at the market leaders in the two countries, Pelican and Mentor Books, published by Penguin and New American Library respectively. It argues that novel modes of distribution and acts of selection by authors, publishers and readers constituted a process of the co-production of knowledge that problematizes views of mid-century expertise as expressions of governmentality. Different patterns of distribution and market demand in the two countries shed further light on who read, what they read and for what purpose.
Global analysis of protein expression in muscle tissues of dermatomyositis/polymyosisits patients demonstrated an association between dysferlin and human leucocyte antigen A
Authors: Xiao Yizhi , Zhu Honglin , Li Liya , Gao Siming , Liu Di , Dai Bingying , Li Qiuxiang , Duan Huiqian , Yang Huan , Li Quanzhen , Zhang Huali , Luo Hui , Zuo Xiaoxia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesDM and PM are characterized by myofibre damage with inflammatory cell infiltration due to the strong expressions of MHC class I HLA-A and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Dysferlin (DYSF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that anchors in the sarcolemma of myofibres. DYSF mutation is closely associated with inherited myopathies. This study aimed to determine the role of DYSF in the development of DM/PM.MethodsMass spectrometry was performed in muscle tissues from DM/PM patients and controls. The DYSF levels in muscle tissue, peripheral blood cells and serum were detected by Western blotting, IF, flow cytometry or ELISA. Double IF and co-immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the relationship between DYSF and HLA-A.ResultsMass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis findings suggested the dysregulated proteins in DM/PM patients participated in common biological processes and pathways, such as the generation of precursor metabolites and energy. DYSF was upregulated in the muscle tissue and serum of DM/PM patients. DYSF was mainly expressed in myofibres and co-localized with HLA-A and MCP-1. DYSF and HLA-A expressions were elevated in myocytes and endothelial cells after being stimulated by patient serum and IFN-β. However, no direct interactions were found between DYSF and HLA-A by co-immunoprecipitation.ConclusionOur study revealed the dysregulated proteins involved in common and specific biological processes in DM/PM patient samples. DYSF is upregulated and exhibits a potential role along with that of HLA-A and MCP-1 in inflammatory cell infiltration and muscle damage during the development of DM/PM.
Survey Results from the Gulf Region: NPUAP Changes in Pressure Injury Terminology and Definitions
Authors: Delmore Barbara , Ayello Elizabeth A. , Smart Hiske , Tariq Gulnaz , Sibbald R. Gary 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Pressure injuries/ulcers are a global health issue, and there is a need for clinicians from many countries and continents to express their opinions on the terminology change (pressure ulcer to injury) and revised staging definitions. A convenience, opinion survey sample of clinicians from the Western Asia Gulf Region enrolled in a yearlong wound care course participated by expressing their opinion about these changes. Results reveal support for the pressure injury terminology and the revised staging definitions.