bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S100A8/A9 promotes parenchymal damage and renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Tammaro A , Florquin S , Brok M , Claessen N , Butter L M , Teske G J D , de Boer O J , Vogl T , Leemans J C , Dessing M C 
Published: May 2018

SummaryDespite advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of fibrosis, only limited efficacious therapies exist. The calcium binding protein S100A8/A9 is a damage-associated molecular pattern which can activate Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 or receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Activation of these receptors is involved in the progression of renal fibrosis; however, the role of S100A8/A9 herein remains unknown. Therefore, we analysed S100A8/A9 expression in patients and mice with obstructive nephropathy and subjected wild-type and S100A9 knock-out mice lacking the heterodimer S100A8/A9 to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). We found profound S100A8/A9 expression in granulocytes that infiltrated human and murine kidney, together with enhanced renal expression over time, following UUO. S100A9 KO mice were protected from UUO-induced renal fibrosis, independently of leucocyte infiltration and inflammation. Loss of S100A8/A9 protected tubular epithelial cells from UUO-induced apoptosis and critical epithelial–mesenchymal transition steps. In-vitro studies revealed S100A8/A9 as a novel mediator of epithelial cell injury through loss of cell polarity, cell cycle arrest and subsequent cell death. In conclusion, we demonstrate that S100A8/A9 mediates renal damage and fibrosis, presumably through loss of tubular epithelial cell contacts and irreversible damage. Suppression of S100A8/A9 could be a therapeutic strategy to halt renal fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.
A phylogenetic study of krill (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) reveals new taxa and co‐evolution of morphological characters
Authors: Vereshchaka Alexander L. , Kulagin Dmitry N. , Lunina Anastasia A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe first comprehensive phylogenetic study of Euphausiacea (all 86 valid species) is presented. It is based on four molecular markers and 168 morphological characters (including 58 characters of the petasma). Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly and robustness of the families Bentheuphausidae and Euphausiidae and reveal three major clades for which we erect three new subfamilies: Thysanopodinae, Euphausiinae and Nematoscelinae. All genus‐level clades are statistically supported (except Thysanopoda in molecular analyses), deeply nested within the subfamily‐level clades, and encompass 14 new species groups. Copulatory structures have a major impact on tree topology in the morphological analysis, the removal of which resulted in only half the number of supported clades and genera. We revealed three groups of morphological characters, which are probably coupled with the same biological role and thus interlinked evolutionarily: (i) antennular peduncle and petasma (copulation); (ii) eyes and anterior thoracopods (feeding); and (iii) shape of carapace and pleon (defence). We analysed the evolutionary pathways of the clades into main oceanic biotopes and compared them with morphological adaptations most likely to be coupled with this process.
Distribution and protection of climatic refugia in North America
Authors: Michalak Julia L. , Lawler Joshua J. , Roberts David R. , Carroll Carlos 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs evidenced by past climatic refugia, locations projected to harbor remnants of present‐day climates may serve as critical refugia for current biodiversity in the face of modern climate change. We mapped potential climatic refugia in the future across North America, defined as locations with increasingly rare climatic conditions. We identified these locations by tracking projected changes in the size and distribution of climate analogs over time. We used biologically derived thresholds to define analogs and tested the impacts of dispersal limitation with 4 distances to limit analog searches. We identified at most 12% of North America as potential climatic refugia. Refugia extent varied depending on the analog threshold, dispersal distance, and climate projection. However, in all cases refugia were concentrated at high elevations and in topographically complex regions. Refugia identified using different climate projections were largely nested, suggesting that identified refugia were relatively robust to climate‐projection selection. Existing conservation areas cover approximately 10% of North America and yet protected up to 25% of identified refugia, indicating that protected areas disproportionately include refugia. Refugia located at lower latitudes (≤40°N) and slightly lower elevations (approximately 2500 m) were more likely to be unprotected. Based on our results, a 23% expansion of the protected‐area network would be sufficient to protect the refugia present under all 3 climate projections we explored. We believe these refugia are high conservation priorities due to their potential to harbor rare species in the future. However, these locations are simultaneously highly vulnerable to climate change over the long term. These refugia contracted substantially between the 2050s and the 2080s, which supports the idea that the pace of climate change will strongly determine the availability and effectiveness of refugia for protecting today's biodiversity.
Heart transplant outcomes in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy in the United States
Authors: Benatti Rodolfo D. , Al‐Kindi Sadeer G. , Bacal Fernando , Oliveira Guilherme H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundChagas cardiomyopathy (CC) is one of the chronic manifestations of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection and is among the leading reasons for heart transplantation (HT) in Latin America. Chagas disease is also present in areas with large Hispanic communities in the United States. Our objective is to evaluate the outcomes of cardiac allograft recipients with the diagnosis of CC in the United States.Methods and ResultsWe identified 25 adult patients with CC and 15 930 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCMP) who underwent HT between 1987 and 2015. CC patients were mostly Hispanics, had lower mean pulmonary artery pressure (23 vs 29 mm Hg, P = .035) and lower BMI (24 vs 26, P = .007). Patients with CC were more likely to be supported with a total artificial heart (TAH) as bridge to transplant (P = .009). There were no statistical differences for overall mortality and graft survival between CC and IDCMP cardiac allograft recipients. Induction therapy and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) use were associated with higher rate of infection in Chagas patients.ConclusionsHeart transplantation recipients with CC diagnosis appear to have similar outcomes to IDCMP patients. Induction therapy and MMF use may be associated with higher risk of infection in CC patients who underwent transplantation.
An overview of take‐home naloxone programs in Australia
Authors: Dwyer Robyn , Olsen Anna , Fowlie Carrie , Gough Chris , van Beek Ingrid , Jauncey Marianne , Lintzeris Nicholas , Oh Grace , Dicka Jane , Fry Craig L. , Hayllar Jeremy , Lenton Simon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTake‐home naloxone (THN) programs commenced in Australia in 2012 in the Australian Capital Territory and programs now operate in five Australian jurisdictions. The purpose of this paper is to record the progress of THN programs in Australia, to provide a resource for others wanting to start THN projects, and provide a tool for policy makers and others considering expansion of THN programs in this country and elsewhere.Design and MethodsKey stakeholders with principal responsibility for identified THN programs operating in Australia provided descriptions of program development, implementation and characteristics. Short summaries of known THN programs from each jurisdiction are provided along with a table detailing program characteristics and outcomes.ResultsData collected across current Australian THN programs suggest that to date over 2500 Australians at risk of overdose have been trained and provided naloxone. Evaluation data from four programs recorded 146 overdose reversals involving naloxone that was given by THN participants.Discussion and ConclusionsPeer drug user groups currently play a central role in the development, delivery and scale‐up of THN in Australia. Health professionals who work with people who use illicit opioids are increasingly taking part as alcohol and other drug‐related health agencies have recognised the opportunity for THN provision through interactions with their clients. Australia has made rapid progress in removing regulatory barriers to naloxone since the initiation of the first THN program in 2012. However, logistical and economic barriers remain and further work is needed to expand access to this life‐saving medication.
Implications of the International Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group consensus criteria for paediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a nationwide validation study
Authors: Boesen Magnus S , Blinkenberg Morten , Koch‐Henriksen Nils , Thygesen Lau C , Uldall Peter V , Magyari Melinda , Born Alfred P 
Published: May 2018

AimThe International Paediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group (IPMSSG) has proposed criteria for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) not evaluated in clinical practice. Our objective was to assess epidemiological implications of the IPMSSG criteria for ADEM in a cohort study using prospectively collected data.MethodWe identified all diagnosed cases of ADEM in Denmark between 2008 and 2015 from the Danish National Patient Register by International Classification of Diseases 10 codes assigned to acute demyelinating episodes, and we reviewed all medical records to validate ADEM.ResultsWe found 52 children up to the age of 18 years with a verified clinical diagnosis of ADEM (incidence rate 0.54/100 000 person‐years; all had abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging). Only 18 (35%) fulfilled the IPMSSG criteria regarding encephalopathy and polyfocal neurological deficits. Among all 52 children with ADEM, 33 per cent had clinical sequelae after a median follow‐up of 4 years 6 months (range: 10mo–8y 3mo). Surprisingly, none progressed to multiphasic ADEM or multiple sclerosis, but median age at end of follow‐up was only 10 years 9 months (range: 2y–24y 3mo).InterpretationAmong 52 children with ADEM, none converted to multiphasic ADEM or multiple sclerosis (median follow‐up: 4y 6mo; range: 10mo–8y 3mo). Applying the IPMSSG criteria to all children with a diagnosis of ADEM leaves 65 per cent of the cases without a diagnosis and lowers the incidence rate of paediatric ADEM.What this paper adds

The incidence of paediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was 0.54 per 100 000 person‐years in children younger than 18 years.

Only 35 per cent of children with ADEM fulfilled the International Paediatric Study Group consensus criteria.

ADEM in clinical practice was primarily based on magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Paediatric neurologists diagnosed ADEM in the absence of encephalopathy.

None of the children with ADEM progressed to multiple sclerosis/multiphasic ADEM during follow‐up.
Where do we diagnose HIV infection? Monitoring new diagnoses made in nontraditional settings in England, Wales and Northern Ireland
Authors: Croxford S , Yin Z , Kall M , Burns F , Simmons R , Copas A , Ireland G , Kirwan P , Chau C , Delpech V 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to describe 10‐year trends in HIV diagnosis setting and to explore predictors of being diagnosed outside a sexual health clinic (SHC).MethodsAnalyses of national HIV surveillance data were restricted to adults (aged ≥ 15 years) diagnosed in 2005–2014 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Logistic regression identified factors associated with diagnosis outside an SHC (2011–2014).ResultsBetween 2005 and 2014, 63 599 adults were newly diagnosed with HIV infection; 83% had a diagnosis setting reported. Most people were diagnosed in SHCs (69%) followed by: medical admissions/accident and emergency (A&E; 8.6%), general practice (6.4%), antenatal services (5.5%), out‐patient services (3.6%), infectious disease units (2.7%) and other settings (4.0%). The proportion of people diagnosed outside SHCs increased from 2005 to 2014, overall (from 27% to 32%, respectively) and among men who have sex with men (MSM) (from 14% to 21%) and black African men (from 25% to 37%) and women (from 39% to 52%) (all trend P < 0.001). Median CD4 increased across all settings, but was highest in SHCs (384 cells/μL) and lowest in medical admissions/A&E (94 cells/μL). Predictors of being diagnosed outside SHCs included: acquiring HIV through heterosexual contact [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.81–2.18] or injecting drug use (aOR: 3.28; 95% CI: 2.56–4.19; reference: MSM), being diagnosed late (< 350 cells/μL) (aOR: 2.55; 95% CI: 2.36–2.74; reference: diagnosed promptly) and being of older age at diagnosis (35–49 years: aOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.39–1.83; ≥ 50 years: aOR: 2.48; 95% CI: 2.13–2.88; reference: 15–24 years).ConclusionsThe proportion of HIV diagnoses made outside SHCs has increased over the past decade in line with evolving HIV testing guidelines. However, the rate of late diagnosis remains high, indicating that further expansion of testing is necessary, as many people may have had missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis.
Determination of fatty acid methyl esters in cosmetic castor oils by flow injection–electrospray ionization–high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Arroyo Negrete M. A. , Wrobel K. , Acevedo Aguilar F. J. , Yanez Barrientos E. , Corrales Escobosa A. R. , Wrobel K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this work was to set up a high throughput procedure for the determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in cosmetic castor oils using flow injection–electrospray ionization–high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and to demonstrate the need of such analysis for the quality control purposes.MethodsThe sample aliquot was mixed with isooctane:chloroform (1:1) and submitted to transesterification; the obtained FAMEs were appropriately diluted using water:isopropanol:acetonitrile (20:50:30) with addition of sodium formate which served as an internal standard, lock mass calibrant and promoted the formation of sodium adducts during electrospray ionization (ESI). The principle of flow injection analysis (FIA) was applied for sample introduction to an ESI–quadrupole–time of flight mass spectrometer (ESI‐QTOFMS). The carrier solution was composed of water:isopropanol:acetonitrile (20:50:30). From the acquired MS data, flowgrams of the extracted [M+Na]+ ions were obtained using the following m/z values for individual FAMEs: 293.2451 (C16:0); 315.2295 (C18:3); 317.2451 (C18:2); 319.2608 (C18:1); 321.2764 (C18:0); 335.2557 (C18:1,OH); 349.3077 (C20:0); 377.3390 (C22:0) and m/z 226.9515 for IS. Baseline‐subtracted and filtered signals were integrated, and the list of peaks intensities was exported to Excel, where calibration functions were obtained and quantification carried out. Gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) was used as an alternative analytical tool.ResultsThe calibration detection limits for FAMEs of unsaturated fatty acids were in the range 3.61–8.62 μg L−1 and for saturated compounds in the range 8.51–82.4 μg L−1. The results obtained for commercial oils were in good agreement with GC‐FID data; among nine cosmetic oils analysed, three contained low concentrations of ricinoleic acid (C18:1, OH), indicating adulteration of castor bean oil with other vegetable oils.ConclusionApplication of FIA for the sample introduction to ESI‐QTOFMS enabled for reliable determination of FAMEs in cosmetic oils with sampling frequency of thirty per hour as compared to two samples per hour achievable using GC‐FID. The proposed procedure is especially well suited for FAMEs of unsaturated fatty acids that are primary components of castor triacylglycerides and contribute to desirable properties of any cosmetic oil.
Gender effects on consumers’ symbolic and hedonic preferences and actual clothing consumption in the Czech Republic
Authors: Millan Elena , Wright Len Tiu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuring the last decade or so consumer products have become more divided by gender than ever before. These changes in marketing practices are likely to introduce, alter or increase any existing gender differences regarding consumers’ product preferences and actual consumption. This is a very timely study examining how gender relates to consumers’ interest in clothing artefacts and their preferences for the self‐ and social‐symbolic and hedonic meanings of clothing. The influence of gender on actual purchase behaviour towards clothing is also explored. The proposed hypotheses are tested on a large‐scale sample of some 1,000+ respondents drawn in the Czech Republic. Using analysis of variance tests, gender differences were found with regard to all but one consumer behaviour phenomenon. No gender effect was found only regarding consumer preference for clothing affiliation symbolism. The study contributes to the theoretical development and empirical evidence in the field of gendered symbolic and hedonic consumption of clothing artefacts. Its findings also suggest possible actions by fashion marketers, as well as some interesting venues for future research.
Porous‐structured extruded instant noodles induced by the medium temperature α‐amylase and its effect on selected cooking properties and sensory characteristics
Authors: Li Jingpeng , Jiao Aiquan , Deng Li , Rashed Marwan M. A. , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: May 2018

SummaryTo enhance the rehydration and palatability characteristics of extruded noodles, a new type of instant noodles with a well‐developed porous structure was successfully created by cooperating medium temperature α‐amylase (MTA) with extrusion technique. To explain the formation reason of the porous structure, a detailed mechanism analysis was firstly carried out. It turned out that a portion of starch was degraded into water‐soluble dextrin during the enzymatic extrusion treatment. Besides, a slight restriction of the excessive MTA on the starch gelatinisation was demonstrated. The appearance of the well‐developed porous structure was attributed to the leaching of dextrin and loosely bound starch fragments. Therefore, the extruded noodles with 0.40‰ MTA concentration were recommended based on the results of cooking quality, textural characteristics and sensory evaluation.
Measuring the effect of matching problems on unemployment
Authors: FARM Ante 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article shows how matching problems reduce employment figures – and hence also raise those for unemployment – by creating a gap between labour demand and employment. It also shows how this gap can be measured by unfilled jobs (unmet demand) as distinct from job vacancies (recruitment processes) and reports results from the Swedish vacancy survey which measures both. In fact, while a shift of the matching function indicating longer recruitment times suggests increasing matching problems, this can only be verified by measuring unfilled jobs, which also quantifies the effect on unemployment.
Subcritical butane extraction of oil and minor bioactive components from soybean germ: Determination of migration patterns and a kinetic model
Authors: Sun Jun , Shi Jiachen , Mu Yaoyao , Zhou Shilong , Chen Zhongwei , Xu Bin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor the aim of determining the migration patterns and extraction kinetics of the oil and minor bioactive components during subcritical fluid extraction (SFE) process from soybean germ, the extraction efficiency was investigated at different temperature and time with butane as solvent. The results indicate that flaking treatment is beneficial to the release of soybean germ oil (SGO) and bioactive components. The chosen models (So and Macdonald's model for SGO, Baümler's model for bioactive components) were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data and could be used to explain the SGO and bioactive components migration during SFE process. Furthermore, the activation energy of phytosterols, tocopherols, and phospholipids were 13.42, 12.23, and 22.72 kJ/mol, respectively. In conclusion, high‐quality SGO that contain high levels of phytosterols (26.51 mg/g) and tocopherols (2.29 mg/g) and a lower content of phospholipids (26.68 mg/g) can be obtained with an extraction at 60 °C for 45 min.Practical applicationsIn this study the effects of pretreatment of SG, solid/liquid ratio, extraction temperature and time on the yields of SGO and minor bioactive components were investigated. Simultaneously, the migration patterns and kinetic models of SGO and minor bioactive components described the subcritical butane extraction process accurately. Therefore, the research provided a theoretical support for the pretreatment of raw materials and the parameters control of subcritical extraction of soybean germ oil. The study can guide the popularization and application of subcritical fluid extraction for soybean germ oil extraction effectively. At present, the technology is ready for technical transformation in Henan subcritical fluid extraction company.
Parasutterella, in association with irritable bowel syndrome and intestinal chronic inflammation
Authors: Chen Yan‐Jie , Wu Hao , Wu Sheng‐Di , Lu Nan , Wang Yi‐Ting , Liu Hai‐Ning , Dong Ling , Liu Tao‐Tao , Shen Xi‐Zhong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and AimIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder. Recent studies have showed increasing important role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiological changes of IBS. Our study aims to elaborate the association between intestinal flora with the genesis and the development of IBS.MethodsIllumina high‐throughput sequencing technology was applied to investigate microbial communities of IBS patients and healthy donors. Stool specimens from the IBS‐D patients were equally premixed and implanted into germ free C57B/6 mice to construct IBS animal model, and the normal group was also transplanted with normal premixed feces. The post‐transplant defecation and intra‐epithelial lymphocyte counts were evaluated. Microbial communities were also checked by the illumina high‐throughput sequencing technology.ResultsFifteen genuses significantly different were found expressed in the gut flora of IBS patients, and six genuses showed significantly different abundances between the stool specimens of mice of IBS group and normal group. Among these differences, Parasutterella expression was remarkably different in both screening and validation experiments and also related to chronic intestinal inflammation; therefore, Parasutterella expression is considered in association with the development and progression of IBS.ConclusionParasutterella may be related with the genesis and development of IBS and also associated with chronic intestinal inflammation in IBS patients.
How Much of Bank Credit Risk Is Sovereign Risk? Evidence from Europe
Authors: LI JUNYE , ZINNA GABRIELE 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe examine European banks' exposures to systematic and country‐specific sovereign risk. We organize our investigation around a multifactor affine credit risk model estimated on credit default swap data of different maturities. During the 2008–15 period, about one third of banks' credit risk is sovereign. However, banks strongly differ both in the magnitude and type of their sovereign exposures. Measures of indirect exposures, such as bank size and return on equity, capture these cross‐sectional differences better than measures of direct exposures. Furthermore, the properties of the distress risk premiums turn out to be important to understand the effect of sovereign risk on bank funding costs.