bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF M. QURAISH SHIHAB ON THE UTILIZATION OF RAINWATER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN AL-QUR'AN
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Hamidah Tutik 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study examines M. Quraish Shihab’s interpretation of Quranic verses related to rainwater in Tafsir al-Misbah, focusing on its implications for sustainability, particularly soil fertility, agriculture, and groundwater management. Rainwater plays a crucial role in environmental preservation, supporting agriculture, water conservation, and ecosystem health. In Islamic teachings, rain is a manifestation of Allah's mercy and sustenance, frequently highlighted in the Quran. Method: Employing a qualitative approach, the study analyzes Shihab’s interpretation of key Quranic verses, including Surah an-Nahl (16:65), Fussilat (41:39), al-Baqarah (2:22), and al-An’am (6:99), to explore the theological and practical dimensions of rainwater utilization. Results: Shihab’s exegesis underscores rainwater's vital role in reviving barren land, producing fruits, supporting plant growth, and mitigating environmental degradation. His analysis highlights rainwater as a resource that aligns with sustainable practices, such as reducing soil erosion, conserving water, and improving air quality. Novelty: The study bridges Quranic exegesis with contemporary sustainability discourse, contributing to the emerging field of Islamic environmental ethics. It provides a foundation for promoting eco-friendly practices grounded in religious teachings, offering actionable insights for policymakers, environmentalists, and Islamic scholars to integrate ecological stewardship with divine mandates.
AS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THE CRIMINALISTIC DESCRIPTION OF CASES OF CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE FIELD OF CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Khursandovich Karaev Alisher 
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to one of the most relevant issues of today, that is, economic crimes committed in the construction sector, in which the circumstances of economic crimes in the construction sector, the circumstances that must be proven in the investigation, the methods of the crime, the criminalistic circumstances of the crime, in the development of investigative versions, ways to effectively plan and conduct investigative actions, use tactical methods, engage in psychological communication with the suspect, the accused.
ENHANCING THE MECHANISMS AND FACTORS OF IMPROVING THE LITERACY OF UPPER SCHOOL STUDENTS BASED ON AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH
Authors: Yusupjanovna Sobirova Makhbuba , Anvarjonovna Isakova Gulzoda 
Published: December 2024

The given article presents information about the Uzbek language, the implementation of the law “On the State Language”, shortcomings in this regard, literacy issues, improving students’ literacy, research conducted in this regard, the role of the family in increasing students’ literacy. The impact of literacy, future challenges related to quality mother tongue instruction, increased attention to the issue of literacy, as well as issues related to the preparation of highly qualified personnel in this field will be covered.
In the course of our research, we have found out that students have insufficient skills and qualifications to distinguish language phenomena, to choose words suitable for the purpose of speech. It is explained that the cultural level and responsibilities of parents are important in developing the student's spirituality, increasing the level of knowledge and literacy.
Today, it will be shown what the tasks related to the development of our native language and literature, its teaching should consist of. Updating the system of teaching the Uzbek language on the basis of our national pedagogy, on the basis of foreign experience, creating literature that meets the requirements of the time, using innovative technologies, ensuring that the Uzbek language occupies a worthy place in the Internet world information network, about the language the need to create scientific and methodological developments related to the creation of electronic systematization of knowledge and linguistic analysis algorithms, the introduction of information and communication technologies to linguistic research, the importance of the creation of translation programs and dictionaries, electronic textbooks based on the Uzbek language and the world's leading foreign languages are stressed.
LOW CONVICTION RATES IN CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN: ANALYZING PAKISTAN’S INVESTIGATIVE CHALLENGES
Authors: Qayyum Gondal Abdul , Hatta Zulkarnan , Ahmad Matloob 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study examines the low conviction rates in Violence Against Women (VAW) cases in Pakistan, highlighting systemic, social, and legal challenges undermining justice delivery. Method: A qualitative approach was used to analyze legal, social, and institutional factors affecting conviction rates. Fieldwork conducted in Gujranwala, Pakistan (January–April 2023), gathered insights from law enforcement, prosecutors, and victims to capture the complexities of the criminal justice process. Results: The findings reveal systemic flaws, including outdated investigation protocols, insufficient forensic tools, and pervasive corruption. Patriarchal norms, judicial delays, and limited victim protection services exacerbate the issue. Institutional inefficiencies, such as untrained police officers and inadequate coordination among stakeholders, weaken prosecutions, while legal loopholes in Qisas and Diyat laws allow offenders to evade justice. Novelty: This study underscores the interplay between cultural norms and institutional inadequacies in perpetuating low conviction rates for VAW in Pakistan. It provides comparative insights with neighboring countries and proposes reforms to modernize investigation procedures and strengthen victim support mechanisms.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEFENSE FUND BY SCHOOLS OF KHORAZM REGION
Authors: Yuldashevich Allaberganov Sherali 
Published: December 2024

This article provides information about clothing, food, and money collected by residents of the republic, employees of the education system, and schoolchildren, to war-ravaged territories, to the front, and to create a defense fund. Since the beginning of the war in June 1941, the population that had not gone to the front was struggling with all their might, they worked diligently, providing food, clothing and housing to evacuated residents of the entire Soviet Union. Thanks to this, our people have become an example for the peoples of the whole world with their tolerance and hospitality.
ELECTROMECHANICAL PRESSURE SENSORS BASED ON GRAPHENE: A REVIEW
Authors: Al-mashaal Asaad K. Edaan 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This review explores the potential of graphene, a two-dimensional carbon allotrope, in revolutionizing pressure sensors. Graphene's exceptional electrical and mechanical properties enable significant advancements in sensitivity, dynamic range, response time, and flexibility, addressing limitations in traditional sensor technologies. Methods: The study examines the fundamental mechanisms of graphene-based pressure sensors, including piezoresistive, capacitive, and field-effect transistor (FET) mechanisms. A comparative analysis of conventional materials such as piezoelectric, metallic, silicon, and polymer-based materials is conducted to highlight their strengths and limitations. The integration of nanomaterials, particularly graphene, into sensor designs is reviewed, emphasizing their contributions to enhanced sensor performance. Results: Graphene-based sensors demonstrate superior sensitivity and miniaturization capabilities due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable electrical conductivities, and mechanical resilience. Emerging applications in healthcare, electronics, and robotics validate the transformative impact of graphene on sensor technologies. Novelty: This review underscores the unique advantages of graphene over traditional materials, emphasizing its potential to address challenges related to sensitivity, response time, and durability in extreme conditions. Future research directions are proposed to overcome existing limitations and expand the scope of graphene-based sensors across diverse industries.
SYNTHESIS OF POLY ORTHO BROMO ANILINE AND STUDY ITS APPLICATION
Authors: Shabeeb Ghufran Mohammad , Haider Abdulelah  
Published: December 2024

After producing poly orthobromo aniline, FT-IR spectroscopy was used to investigate its structure. We examined the optical and electrical characteristics of poly-o-bromo aniline (o-BrAn) in this work. O-bromoaniline/Ag, an original polymer, has been combined. Several techniques, including FT-IR spectroscopy and UV-visible spectra, have been employed for analyzing the mixer. The nonlinear changes in voltage and current are demonstrated by the I-V characteristics.The conductivity values ranged from o-BrAnp is 5.6×10-8 S/cm , but at o-BrAn/Ag0.25 is 3.1×10-7 S/cm. Since the conductivity value of the material is in the range of semiconductor, it can be used in the field of organic semiconductors.
CORRELATION OF PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USE AND TEXT NECK SYNDROME AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Aljwary Bashar J , Alyouzbaki Farouk M 
Published: December 2024

Background: The daily use of smartphone devices is increasing worldwide. It can affect personal relationships mental and physical health state. Neck Pain take a great deal on daily health care practice. Neck pain is considered a fourth leading cause of disability. Aim: To investigate the relationship between addiction to smartphone usage and self-reported neck pain, and to assess the predictive factors of the smartphone addiction among university students to better understand this relationship. Objective : To evaluate the association of neck pain with smartphone use and their usage duration among students of Mosul University , and correlate its use with neck pain. Method: The study examined 164 healthy students of nursing college in Mosul University by random table sampling, in the age group of 20-25 years. They were given self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire which include various mental and physical health symptoms related to smart phone usage and fill a questionnaires of Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI). Spearman correlation coefficient was used to correlate between the SAS and NDI. Result: Most of students (61.2%) are regular users of smartphones.47.6%had no neck pain, There is an association between SAS&NDI in male students, and there is high association of type of device use& NDI with female gender. Conclusions: The excessive use of smart phones has health related problems, more specifically in neck region. The smart phone users complain from neck pain (Text neck), more clearly related to the duration of use of smart phones.
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL ROLE OF ANTI-H. PYLORI ANTIBODIES LEVEL, INF-Γ, AND TNF-Α IN A NUMBER OF PATIENTS WITH A TUMOR IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IN BABYLON GOVERNORATE
Authors: Jaafar Salim Shamkhi , Jabber Ehab Y. , Alwish Amer Abdul Husain , Al- Mammori Raheem Tuama Obayes , Shareef Hasanain Khaleel 
Published: December 2024

General Background: Helicobacter pylori is a well-known bacterium responsible for chronic infections, significantly contributing to gastric and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue cancers, as well as peptic ulcer disease. Specific Background: The link between H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal (GIT) tumors remains under-explored, particularly concerning immunological parameters. Knowledge Gap: The role of immune markers, such as anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, in distinguishing between malignant and benign GIT tumors is unclear. Aims: This study aimed to assess the relationship between H. pylori infection and immunological factors in patients with malignant and benign GIT tumors, as well as controls, using serum levels of Anti-H. pylori IgG, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Results: The study included 100 serum samples from patients with malignant (n=40) and benign (n=35) GIT tumors, irritable bowel disease (IBD) controls (n=15), and healthy controls (n=10). The results revealed significantly elevated levels of anti-H. pylori IgG in patients with malignant tumors compared to those with benign tumors, IBD controls, and healthy controls. Male patients had higher anti-H. pylori IgG levels than females. Elevated levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were also observed in patients with malignant tumors, correlating with higher anti-H. pylori IgG levels. Novelty: This study highlights the association between elevated H. pylori IgG antibodies and increased TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in malignant GIT tumors, particularly in males, suggesting H. pylori's role in cancer progression. Implications: The findings suggest that early detection of elevated anti-H. pylori IgG and inflammatory cytokines could improve the diagnosis and management of GIT malignancies, especially in male populations. Further research on a larger cohort is recommended to explore the mechanisms driving this relationship.
BLOOD VISCOSITY AND GIT DISORDERS OF HCV PATIENTS
Authors: Mubark Nawras Najah , Rasha Ibrahim Salman  , Shahad Q. Al-Hamadiny  
Published: December 2024

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a blood-borne viral illness responsible for significant morbidity and mortality all over the world. The current study aims to determine the role of HCV in increasing blood viscosity that is accompanied by attacks and serious heart disorders, in addition to knowing the effect of this infection on irritations and disorders of the digestive system. Methods: The practical side included collecting blood samples from 50 HCV infected persons and 50 healthy persons as a control group. Laboratory and clinical tests were carried out at Al-Diwaniyah General Teaching Hospital, where HCV was determined by checking for antibodies using the ELISA test, while blood viscosity was determined by knowing the percentage of red blood cells (hemocrit) as part of the complete blood test. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases were diagnosed using gastroendoscopy and x-rays, in addition to investigations Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Result: ulcers and stomach acidity with colitis together (A,B,D) were in high rates in patients (58%) compared with healthy people (6%) and produced this is a clear statistical difference (p<0.05). Moreover, Blood viscosity increased (71.54%) with a rise titer of HCV in patients blood (18.38 logIU/mL) that associated with appearance of strong positive linear correlation (r= 0.965, p= 0.004). In conclusion: HCV leads to serious complications, especially the digestive system and circulation, and the risk of these disorders increases with the increased survival of the virus C in the patient's liver. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate treatments, especially effective modern treatments represented by Harvoni.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF LATE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HYDRONEPHROSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: F. A Otamuradov , A.Sh Vakhidov , S. A Rakhmonov , Z. Kh Karimova 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to analyze the causes and consequences of late diagnosis of congenital hydronephrosis in children, focusing on its impact on renal function and the outcomes of surgical correction in cases diagnosed after the early stages of childhood. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 99 children (aged 8 months to 17.5 years) diagnosed with hydronephrosis postnatally, from 2010 to 2023, at the SODMC of Termez. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigations, including ultrasound, CT scans, and urography, to evaluate the extent of renal involvement and determine appropriate surgical interventions. Results: Late diagnosis, primarily after 3 years of age (73.7% of cases), was linked to a latent disease course, often masked by nonspecific symptoms such as pyelonephritis. Hydronephrosis was more prevalent on the right side (51.5%), with 31.3% of children diagnosed with stage IV disease requiring nephrectomy. The most common etiology included aberrant vessels and pyeloternal segment stenosis. Surgical treatments included pyeloplasty (58.6%), antevasal anastomosis (10.1%), and nephrectomy (22.1%). Postoperative recovery was generally uncomplicated, with 68.6% of children showing reduced renal pelvis size and improved kidney function. Novelty: This study highlights the significant risk of renal damage associated with delayed diagnosis and emphasizes the need for early detection and timely surgical intervention to preserve renal function. It provides valuable insights into the management of hydronephrosis in children, particularly in regions with limited access to advanced diagnostic tools.
PARAPROSTHETIC RECURRENT VENTRAL HERNIAS AND THEIR SURGICAL CORRECTION
Authors: Akmal Aliyarovich Khaitov , Ishnazar Boynazarovich Mustafakulov 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of macro- and microscopic morphological changes in tissues in patients with recurrent ventral hernias and to improve surgical methods for managing these cases. Methods: Patients were divided into two groups based on prior hernioplasty techniques: Group I (n=52) received tension methods, while Group II (n=26) underwent non-tension prosthetic methods. Clinical and instrumental analyses, including CT scans and morphological assessments of tissue around prostheses, were performed to evaluate recurrence patterns and inflammation levels. Results: Findings revealed that complete relapses frequently followed tension hernioplasty, while non-tension methods resulted in partial recurrences along the prosthesis contours. Tension methods showed significant void formation and inflammatory responses around the prostheses, while non-tension techniques led to a mature connective tissue response. The recurrence rate was notably lower (3.8%) in patients treated with improved non-tension methods, such as "onlay" without defect suturing and "onlay + sublay" with duplication. Novelty: This study offers insights into morphological differences in tissue responses based on hernioplasty techniques, supporting improved surgical methods for recurrent hernias. By enhancing tension-free techniques, recurrence rates were reduced from 15% to 3.8%, underscoring the clinical benefit of tailored approaches in recurrent ventral hernia management.
ELIMINATION OF BIOFILM PRODUCED BY ESCHERICHIA COLI AFTER EXPOSURE TO STRONTIUM SR90 AND CESIUM CS137 RADIOACTIVE SOURCE IN DIFFERENT DOSES
Authors: Mohammed Nebras Rada 
Published: December 2024

Objective:. The purpose of this research in order to remove biofilm produced from E. coli with different radioactive sources.Study design: Case–control in analytical and cross-sectional in descriptive study design. Backgrounds: The bacterium E. coli which is pathogenic to the urinary tract, depends on a wide number of virulence determinants, as it is the most important bacterium responsible for urinary tract infections. Radiation is power in the appearance of undulations or spout of mote. There are several types of radiance overall concerning us. Alpha dissolution occurs while the mote throw of the nucleus that constitute of two no and two P+. Beta dissolution a no is convert a P+ and an e- is released of the nucleus. Gamma dissolution happen through residuum power in the nucleus next alpha or beta dissolution or subsequent no catch (a kind of atomic response) in a nuclear reactor. Methodology: Study populations and bacterial isolates with diagnosing E. coli from catheter and several diseases from patients in Baghdad hospitals in 2023/ 2024. Expose the bacteria to radiance released of Sr90 and CS137 radioactive sources in various doses with screening biofilm production before and after exposure to radiation. Results: The results show that there is a high killing rate of E. coli during exposure to Cesium-90 and Cesium-137 radioactive sources. As well as loss of biofilm production at different doses. Conclusion: Firstly, the impact of radiance of various radioactive sources occasion the homicide of E. coli. Secondly, the impact of radiance released of radioactive sources in various doses is analogous in homicide of E. coli.
VITEK2 BASED DIAGNOSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION STAPHYLOCOCCI AERUS STRAIN CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECATION IN FEMAL AND MALE
Authors: Jaber Salim Abdul Amir 
Published: December 2024

Background, The aim of this study was to assess the clinical presentation, risk factors, and comorbidities of the patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria, and to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility data of S. aureus isolated from their urine samples. Methods, A total of 80 isolates of S. aureus were collected from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs)in hospital Refai. Urinalysis was performed manually, including macroscopic examination of color and appearance, and microscopic examination for the presence of urinary pus cells, and bacteria and culture on MaCconky agar,Blood agar. Full diagnosis and susceptibility testing of S. aureus were performed by the VITEK 2 system (BioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France) using standard criteria. Results, The majority of the patients were female (50), with a mean age of 30 years and male(30) mean ageof45 years . Most of the patients were inhospatial . Seventy positive urine cultures were associated with UTI symptoms. ButTen negative urine cultures. Conclusion, Although S. aureus UTI is known to be associated with other risk factors such as urinary catheterization, long hospital stay, or complicated UTI, our results show the community-acquired presentation of UTI. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be used as an effective treatment for UTI caused by S. aureus. S. aureus UTI could be an alarming sign of more invasive infections such as S. aureus bacteremia, though clinical evaluation and finding the source of S. aureus are crucial for effective treatment and prevention of further complications
INVESTIGATION OF FUNGAL CONTAMINATION IN FRESH RAISIN JUICE IN MOSUL CITY AND ITS SUBURBS
Authors: Krmo May Akram , Al_Rejaboo Maha Akram Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2024

Elected(40) a random sample of raisin juice from both sides of Mosul city (right and left) and its suburbs, which included the areas of Bashiqa, Al-Hamdaniya, Bartella, Al-Shekhan, Aqra and Dohuk, for the period from January 2023 to April 2024, to detect the extent of contamination of these samples with fungi and yeasts using the culture media Potato Dextrose Agar and Sabouraud Sucrose Agar. The results of the culture of the samples showed that there were fungi that grew on the two media and others that grew on one media. All isolates were diagnosed based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics and diagnosis using the planting medium. (121) fungal isolates of different species were obtained with a contamination rate of (100%) distributed as follows: The highest contamination rate for fungal species 33/121 (27.3%). Candida spp. and (27.3%)33/121 Apergillus spp., respectively, while I reached Contamination rate of raisin juice with Wickerhamomycesanomalus15/121(12.39%),Saccaromyces cervisiae14/121(11.57%), Rhotodorula spp.14/121(8.26%), and Penicillium ssp. and Exophiala dermatitidis (3.3%) each. Four fungal isolates wereFor each of them, followed by the following fungal species: Geotrichum spp. and Fusarium spp. and Epidermophytes floccosum by percentage pollution reached(0.82%) respectively but Pollution rate by Mushrooms(4/121(2.47% Cladosporiumoxysporu and (1.65%)2/121 Trichophyton mentagrophytonThe results of the study showed that (26)A sample of raisin juice was heavily contaminated with filamentous fungi and yeasts.By (65%)And it isR1, R3, R4, R5, R7, R9, R10, R11, R12, R14, R15, R16, R17, R19, R20, R21, R22, R26, R28, R29, R30, R35, R36, R38, R39, and R40. The other samples were contaminated with fungi at a low rate. And I ranto be sureDiagnosisfor fungal isolationUsing molecular methods to compare nitrogenous base sequences at the National Center for Biotechnology InformationNCBI using BLAST And it was recordedstrainnewAndCandida oleophilastrain MAYKAIY and sequenced as PP961930.1 in GenBankGlobal.