bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐Dependent Changes of Kidney Injury Biomarkers in Pediatrics
Authors: van Donge Tamara , Welzel Tatjana , Atkinson Andrew , van den Anker John , Pfister Marc 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCurrently used creatinine‐based parameters for monitoring kidney function are not reliable for early detection of kidney injury (KI), particularly tubular damage. Several KI biomarkers allow for early detection of glomerular and tubular damage and may help to prevent drug‐related chronic kidney diseases in pediatrics. This literature review describes the state of current research and investigates reference values for these KI biomarkers in neonates, infants, and children to better understand age‐related changes. A total of 12 of 237 screened studies fulfilled predefined criteria, including 219 preterm neonates, 70 neonates, 596 infants, and 1726 children. KI biomarkers were analyzed in urine (6 studies), in serum/plasma (5 studies) and in serum and urine (1 study). Four studies (n = 555) measured urinary kidney injury molecule‐1, whereas urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin was assessed in 5 studies (n = 888), and 2 studies (n = 203) investigated serum cystatin C. This review of KI biomarkers in different pediatric age groups indicates that (1) the majority of KI biomarkers are measured in urine; (2) the 3 most commonly analyzed KI biomarkers are urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, urinary kidney injury molecule‐1, and serum cystatin C; (3) values of KI biomarkers appear to decrease from prematurity to infancy; and (4) there is an unmet need to further enhance knowledge on age‐dependent changes of KI biomarkers in pediatrics. Studies are needed to better characterize reference values for these key KI biomarkers in healthy pediatric populations and to evaluate the value of these markers in the early detection of drug‐related KI in neonates, infants, and children.
Decarboxylation of stearic acid over Ni/MOR catalysts
Authors: Crawford James M , Zaccarine Sarah F , Kovach Nolan C , Smoljan Courtney S , Lucero Jolie , Trewyn Brian G , Pylypenko Svitlana , Carreon Moises A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOils derived from plants, animal fats, and algae contain both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids can be converted into liquid fuels and chemicals in the presence of active solid catalysts.RESULTSNickel‐based catalysts were supported on mordenite via ion exchange synthesis and evaluated for the deoxygenation of stearic acid to diesel fuels. By tuning the synthesis pH, loadings of over 20 wt% Ni were obtained. Catalysts synthesized at pH 8.5 displayed the highest Ni loading and the highest activity for the decarboxylation/decarbonylation of stearic acid under inert nitrogen gas atmospheres, yielding 47% heptadecane. Characterization included scanning transmission electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (STEM‐EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), N2 physisorption and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), providing new insights into the recyclability of the catalyst. The observed loss of catalytic activity upon recycling was attributed to the agglomeration of Ni nanoparticles and the accumulation of carbonaceous coke.CONCLUSIONThis work demonstrates that Ni‐based catalysts supported on mordenite zeolite can effectively convert stearic acid into heptadecane. Yields to heptadecane were as high as 47%. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds by decarboxylation and decarbonylation pathways. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy and safety of chloroquine plus prednisone for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in a randomized trial
Authors: T de Moraes Falcão Lydia , Terrabuio Debora R B , Diniz Marcio A , da Silva Evangelista Andreia , Souza Fabricio G , R Cancado Eduardo L 
Published: September 2019

Background and AimStandard treatment for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) consists of predniso(lo)ne and azathioprine. However, alternative therapy is required for non‐ or partial responders and in cases of side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes associated with chloroquine plus prednisone in AIH patients.MethodsFifty‐seven patients were recruited to receive either azathioprine or chloroquine, both with prednisone, in a randomized trial. The primary end‐point was complete remission, based on normalization of aminotransferase levels in the first 6 months of treatment plus maintenance for at least 18 months, with minimal or no inflammatory activity in the liver biopsy. Secondary end‐points were partial and nonresponse, severe side effects, and treatment withdrawal.ResultsThere were no differences between groups regarding clinical, serological, histological, and treatment characteristics at baseline. There were no significant differences in the biochemical response rate (67.7 vs 53.8%, P = 0.41) or the complete remission rate (32.26 vs 15.38%, P = 0.217). However, despite the long study period, the sample size was smaller than that required for a noninferiority study. The mean prednisone dose was similar in both groups. There was a nonsignificantly higher rate of adverse effects and a tendency toward improvement in glycemic and cholesterol profiles in the chloroquine group (P = 0.09 and P = 0.07, respectively).ConclusionsThe combination of chloroquine and prednisone exhibited potentially beneficial effects in AIH patients (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02463331).
Synthesis of novel 2,3‐disubstituted quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives containing hydrazone skeleton as potent urease inhibitors and their antimicrobial activities
Authors: Akyüz Gülay , Beriş Fatih Şaban , Kahveci Bahittin , Menteşe Emre 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new series of quinazolinones containing hydrazone moiety were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities on urease were assessed in vitro. Most of the compounds exhibited potent urease inhibitory activity. Among the synthesized compounds, molecule 4a bearing furan ring has the best inhibitory effect against urease with IC50 = 2.90 ± 0.11 μg/mL. Compounds 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i, and 4j have hydroxy group on phenyl ring. Compound 4i is the most active inhibitor among these compounds with IC50 = 5.01 ± 0.10 μg/mL, which has 3‐Cl and 4‐Br on phenyl ring. Also, newly synthesized compounds had been tested for their antimicrobial effects against three of Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus 702 Roma, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615) and three of Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). Antimicrobial activity results show that compounds 4a, 4h, 4j, 4f, and 4l have the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1000 μg/mL to all tested bacteria. The other compounds have the MIC value of >1000 μg/mL to all tested bacteria.
The first European guidelines on phenylketonuria: Usefulness and implications for BH4 responsiveness testing
Authors: Evers Roeland A. F. , van Wegberg Annemiek M. J. , Anjema Karen , Lubout Charlotte M. A. , van Dam Esther , van Vliet Danique , Blau Nenad , van Spronsen Francjan J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate and improve the usefulness of the 48‐hour BH4 loading test and to assess genotype for BH4 responsiveness prediction, using the new definition of BH4 responsiveness from the European guidelines, as well as an amended definition.MethodApplying the definition of the European guidelines (≥100% increase in natural protein tolerance) and an amended definition (≥100% increase in natural protein tolerance or tolerating a safe natural protein intake) to a previous dataset, we first assessed the positive predictive value (PPV) of the 48‐hour BH4 loading test using a cutoff value of 30%. Then, we tried to improve this PPV by using different cutoff values and separate time points. Last, using the BIOPKU database, we compared predicted BH4 responsiveness (according to genotype) and genotypic phenotype values (GPVs) in BH4‐responsive and BH4‐unresponsive patients.ResultsThe PPV of the 48‐hour loading test was 50.0% using the definition of the European guidelines, and 69.4% when applying the amended definition of BH4 responsiveness. Higher cutoff values led to a higher PPV, but resulted in an increase in false‐negative tests. Parameters for genotype overlapped between BH4‐responsive and BH4‐unresponsive patients, although BH4 responsiveness was not observed in patients with a GPV below 2.4.ConclusionThe 48‐hour BH4 loading test is not as useful as previously considered and cannot be improved easily, whereas genotype seems mainly helpful in excluding BH4 responsiveness. Overall, the definition of BH4 responsiveness and BH4 responsiveness testing require further attention.
Variations of peel essential oils during fruit ripening in four lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F.) cultivars
Authors: Di Rauso Simeone Giuseppe , Di Matteo Antonio , Rao Maria Antonietta , Di Vaio Claudio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDLemon processing procedures yield a significant amount of waste as peels, which are 57% of processed lemons and represent a possible source of bioactive compounds (essential oils, EOs). EOs were extracted from lemon fruits belonging to four cultivars harvested at four different sampling times (25 October, 23 November, 20 December, 1 February), characterized, and quantified through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.RESULTSThe chemical composition of EOs highlighted that 26 compounds of the four lemon cultivars at the different ripening stages were clearly identified. The compounds analysed belonged to four chemical classes: monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty alcohol esters. Among the monoterpene hydrocarbons, d‐limonene, β‐pinene, and γ‐terpinene were the most abundant; and among the oxygenated monoterpenes, α‐terpineol, nerol, and geraniol were the most abundant. Quantitative gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the most abundant monoterpene hydrocarbons (α‐pinene, β‐pinene, myrcene, d‐limonene, and γ‐terpinene) highlighted that the amount of EOs decreased during ripening stages. ‘Ovale di Sorrento’ and ‘Sfusato Amalfitano’ showed the highest level of EOs in December, whereas in ‘Femminello Cerza’ and ‘Femminello Adamo’ this occurred in November. EOs, as well as the phenolic compounds, were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid).CONCLUSIONSEOs reached the highest level in the four lemon cultivars at different ripening stages. Campanian cultivars (‘Ovale di Sorrento’ and ‘Sfusato Amalfitano’) showed the greatest EO content in November, whereas in Sicilian cultivars (‘Femminello Cerza’ and ‘Femminello Adamo’) this occurred in December. Besides phenolic compounds, measured in lemon peel extracts, EOs can contribute to antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by the positive correlation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Natural History of Ventriculomegaly in Fetal Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Authors: Masmejan Sophie , Blaser Susan , Keunen Johannes , Seaward Gareth , Windrim Rory , Kelly Edmond , Ryan Greg , Baud David , Van Mieghem Tim 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the natural evolution of the size of the fetal lateral ventricles throughout pregnancy in fetuses with callosal anomalies.MethodsCases of fetal callosal anomalies were retrospectively classified as isolated or complex based on the presence of other structural or genetic anomalies. Longitudinal ultrasound studies were reviewed, and postnatal outcomes were retrieved for isolated cases.ResultsIn 135 fetuses, those who first presented after 24 weeks’ gestation were more likely to have ventriculomegaly (n = 58 of 68 [85%]) than those who presented before 24 weeks (n = 39 of 67 [58%]; P < .001). In 79 cases that had longitudinal follow‐up, the mean increase in ventricular width was 0.6 mm/wk, without a significant difference between isolated and complex cases (mean ± SD, 0.6 ± 1.5 versus 0.6 ± 1.1 mm; P = .45).ConclusionsCallosal anomalies are associated with progressive ventriculomegaly on prenatal ultrasound imaging, without a difference between isolated and complex anomalies. This feature should be considered part of the disease spectrum. The consequence of progressive ventriculomegaly on the long‐term neurodevelopmental outcome is still unknown, and further studies should be aimed at obtaining long‐term follow‐up of these cases.
Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Parkinsonism
Authors: Su Tung‐Hung , Yang Hung‐Chih , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Chou Shih‐Wan , Lin Chin‐Hsien , Liu Chen‐Hua , Liu Chun‐Jen , Chen Chi‐Ling , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of parkinsonism after antiviral treatment against chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between CHC and parkinsonism and the efficacy of antiviral therapy.MethodsUsing the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 2004 to 2012, patients with and without CHC, patients receiving pegylated interferon‐based antiviral therapy, and those without such therapy were matched by age, gender, and comorbidities by propensity scores and followed for new diagnoses of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease (PD). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed.ResultsOverall, 49,342 patients with CHC were matched with 49,342 non‐CHC patients. After adjustment for confounding factors, there was a significantly increased risk (31%) of parkinsonism (hazard ratio [HR] 1.306; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.208–1.412) in those with CHC and the risk of parkinsonism requiring anti‐Parkinson medication (HR 1.323; 95% CI, 1.214–1.441). Furthermore, 23,647 untreated CHC patients were matched with 23,647 patients receiving antiviral therapy. Patients receiving antiviral therapy had a significantly lower risk of developing parkinsonism (38%; HR 0.618; 95% CI, 0.498–0.765) and a reduced risk of parkinsonism requiring anti‐Parkinson medication (HR 0.651; 95% CI, 0.515–0.823). In sensitivity analyses, antiviral therapy significantly reduced the risk of parkinsonism and PD after adjustment for detection, selection, disease latency biases, and competing mortality. Our results suggest successful antiviral therapy associates with a reduced risk of hepatitis C virus–related parkinsonism compared with those with treatment failure.ConclusionsCHC infection is associated with an increased risk of parkinsonism or PD. Antiviral therapy against CHC is associated with a reduced risk of parkinsonism or PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
An analytical model for the upper bound estimation of respiratory motion–induced dose uncertainty in spot‐scanning proton beam therapy
Authors: Li Heng , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Yupeng , Zhu Ronald X. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeWe developed an analytical model of a spot‐scanning beam delivery system to estimate the upper bound of respiratory motion–induced dose uncertainty for a given treatment plan.MethodsThe effective delivery time for each spot position in the treatment plan was calculated on the basis of the parameters of the delivery system. The upper bound of the dose uncertainty was then calculated as a function of the effective delivery time. Two‐dimensional (2D) measurements with a detector array on a one‐dimensional moving platform were obtained to validate the model.ResultsWe performed 351 two‐dimensional measurements on a moving platform for different delivery sequences of a single‐layer uniform pattern and patient treatment field. The measured dose uncertainty was a strong function of the effective delivery time: The shortest effective delivery time resulted in a maximum absolute dose error of >90%, while the longest ones resulted in a maximum absolute dose error of 4.9% for a single layer and 9.7% for a patient field with heterogeneity. The relationship of the effective delivery time and the measured dose uncertainty followed the analytical formula.ConclusionsWith our analytical model, the upper bound of the dose uncertainty due to motion can be estimated in spot‐scanning proton therapy without four‐dimensional dynamic dose calculation.
Extracting more for less: multi‐echo MP2RAGE for simultaneous T1‐weighted imaging, T1 mapping, mapping, SWI, and QSM from a single acquisition
Authors: Sun Hongfu , Cleary Jon O. , Glarin Rebecca , Kolbe Scott C. , Ordidge Roger J. , Moffat Bradford A. , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo demonstrate simultaneous T1‐weighted imaging, T1 mapping, mapping, SWI, and QSM from a single multi‐echo (ME) MP2RAGE acquisition.MethodsA single‐echo (SE) MP2RAGE sequence at 7 tesla was extended to ME with 4 bipolar gradient echo readouts. T1‐weighted images and T1 maps calculated from individual echoes were combined using sum of squares and averaged, respectively. ME‐combined SWI and associated minimum intensity projection images were generated with TE‐adjusted homodyne filters. A QSM reconstruction pipeline was used, including a phase‐offsets correction and coil combination method to properly combine the phase images from the 32 receiver channels. Measurements of susceptibility, , and T1 of brain tissue from ME‐MP2RAGE were compared with those from standard ME‐gradient echo and SE‐MP2RAGE.ResultsThe ME combined T1‐weighted, T1 map, SWI, and minimum intensity projection images showed increased SNRs compared to the SE results. The proposed coil combination method led to QSM results free of phase‐singularity artifacts, which were present in the standard adaptive combination method. T1‐weighted, T1, and susceptibility maps from ME‐MP2RAGE were comparable to those obtained from SE‐MP2RAGE and ME‐gradient echo, whereas maps showed increased blurring and reduced SNR. T1, , and susceptibility values of brain tissue from ME‐MP2RAGE were consistent with those from SE‐MP2RAGE and ME‐gradient echo.ConclusionHigh‐resolution structural T1 weighted imaging, T1 mapping, mapping, SWI, and QSM can be extracted from a single 8.5‐min ME‐MP2RAGE acquisition using a customized reconstruction pipeline. This method can be applied to replace separate SE‐MP2RAGE and ME‐gradient echo acquisitions to significantly shorten total scan time.
Identification and Validation of Stage‐Associated Serum Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Using MS‐Based Procedures
Authors: Marín‐Vicente Consuelo , Mendes Marta , de los Ríos Vivian , Fernández‐Aceñero Mª Jesús , Casal J. Ignacio 
Published: September 2019

PurposeSuccessful prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) would benefit from a rapid serum screening for early detection. Here, a novel strategy for CRC biomarker discovery and validation exclusively based on MS procedures is reported.Experimental designIdentification of CRC serum biomarkers is initially made using label‐free quantification on pooled serum samples from different CRC stages followed by two consecutive steps of targeted parallel reaction monitoring assays in different serum cohorts. Relevance of different protein depletion and peptide fractionation extent is investigated. Absolute quantification of a selected peptide is performed as a proof‐of‐concept.ResultsA total of 945 proteins showed differential abundance in the discovery phase. Based on their statistical significance and relative expression in disease stages, 123 potential biomarkers are selected for a training step. In the final validation step, five peptides belonging to four proteins are consistently quantified in individual CRC serum samples and controls. Different statistical analyses indicate that peptides GWVTDGFSSLK (APOC3) and LCNNPTPQFGGK (THBS1) are candidate biomarkers. Absolute quantification of LCNNPTPQFGGK shows statistical significance for the diagnosis of early respect to late CRC stages.Conclusions and clinical relevanceTwo peptides from APOC3 and THBS1 are validated by PRM as potential biomarkers for non‐invasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Incidence of androgen receptor and androgen receptor variant 7 coexpression in prostate cancer
Authors: Vellky Jordan E. , Bauman Tyler M. , Ricke Emily A. , Huang Wei , Ricke William A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PRCA) is an androgen‐driven disease, where androgens act through the androgen receptor (AR) to induce proliferation and survival of tumor cells. Recently, AR splice variant 7 (ARv7) has been implicated in advanced stages of PRCA and clinical recurrence. With the widespread use of AR‐targeted therapies, there has been a rising interest in the expression of full‐length AR and ARv7 in PRCA progression and how these receptors, both independently and together, contribute to adverse clinicopathologic outcomes.MethodsDespite a multitude of studies measuring the expression levels of AR and ARv7 in PRCA progression, the results have been inconsistent and sometimes contradictory due to technical and analytical discrepancies. To circumvent these inconsistencies, we used an automated multiplexed immunostaining platform for full‐length AR and ARv7 in human PRCA samples and objectively quantified expression changes with machine learning‐based software. With this technology, we can assess receptor prevalence both independently, and coexpressed, within specific tissue and cellular compartments.ResultsFull‐length AR and ARv7 expression increased in epithelial nuclei of metastatic samples compared to benign. Interestingly, a population of cells with undetectable AR persisted through all stages of PRCA progression. Coexpression analyses showed an increase of the double‐positive (AR+/ARv7+) population in metastases compared to benign, and an increase of the double‐negative population in PRCA samples compared to benign. Importantly, analysis of clinicopathologic outcomes associated with AR/ARv7 coexpression showed a significant decrease in the double‐positive population with higher Gleason score (GS), as well as in samples with recurrence in under 5 years. Conversely, the double‐negative population was significantly increased in samples with higher GS and in samples with recurrence in under 5 years.ConclusionsChanges in AR and ARv7 coexpression may have prognostic value in PRCA progression and recurrence. A better understanding of the prevalence and clinicopathologic outcomes associated with changes in these receptors' coexpression may provide a foundation for improved diagnosis and therapy for men with PRCA.
Synthesis of Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles Supported on Graphene Nanosheets as Composite Electrodes for High Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Soam Ankur , Kumar Rahul , Sahoo Prasanta Kumar , Mahender C. , Kumar Balwant , Arya Nitin , Singh Mamraj , Parida Smrutiranjan , Dusane Rajiv O 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study presents a fabrication and electrochemical properties of nickel ferrite/graphene nanocomposite as electrodes material for supercapacitor application. The as‐prepared electrode was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties were measured using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging/discharging methods and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Graphene nanosheets play an important role of governing the morphology of the electrode material and thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of the composite electrode. The specific capacitance of 207 F/g is obtained for nickel ferrite/graphene nanocomposite, which is almost 4 times larger than pure nickel ferrite. The nanocomposite showed a stable capacitance of 95% after 1000 cycles in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate that graphene nanosheets reduced the charge transfer resistance on the composite electrode. The obtained results show that the nanocomposite has a great potential to be used in supercapacitor with good electrochemical performance and longer cycle stability.