bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Treatment: Selective Synthetic Receptor for Glucose
Authors: Shirinfar Bahareh , Ahmed Nisar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new synthetic receptor has selective and strong interactions with glucose, directing towards future diabetes management. These studies pave the way to design future selective receptors that can potentially be modified with combinations of urea walls having multiple H‐binding sites to generate hydrophilic affinities, and the incorporation of promising aromatic systems for hydrophobic π‐interactions with glucose CH.
Stewardship and health systems strengthening: An overview
Authors: Brinkerhoff Derick W. , Cross Harry E. , Sharma Suneeta , Williamson Taylor 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the concept of stewardship to clarify the practical components of governance in the health sector. For the WHO, stewardship concentrated on how government actors take responsibility for the health system and the wellbeing of the population, fulfill health system functions, assure equity, and coordinate interaction with government and society. This article overviews the contents of this special issue, which offers examples of how health stewards in a variety of countries have addressed issues of health security, primary care expansion, family planning, and quality of care. The contributors' articles draw lessons for policy, programs, and management useful for practitioners and scholars. Our overview identifies several themes emerging from the articles: the foundational role of legal frameworks for effective stewardship, the importance of institutional arrangements as enablers, the influence of regional and global entities on national stewardship, the connection between credible decision‐making structures and stewardship, and pathways to sustainable financing and domestic resource mobilization. The discussion concludes with highlighting several gaps in knowledge and practice related to health stewardship.
Outcome of pediatric non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in Central America: A report of the Association of Pediatric Hematology Oncology of Central America (AHOPCA)
Authors: Peña‐Hernandez Armando , Ortiz Roberta , Garrido Claudia , Gomez‐Garcia Wendy , Fuentes‐Alabi Soad , Martinez Roxana , Metzger Monika L. , Chantada Guillermo L. , Ribeiro Raul C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreating B–non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) in lower‐income countries is challenging because of imprecise diagnosis, the increased risk of fatal toxicity associated with advanced disease at presentation, and limited supportive care.ProcedureCentral American patients with newly diagnosed stage I or II B‐NHL received a modified Berlin–Frankfurt–Münster (BFM) regimen including a prephase (prednisone, cyclophosphamide) followed by A/B/A courses (A: cytarabine, dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and intrathecal therapy; B: cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and intrathecal therapy). Those with stage III or IV NHL received additional courses (B/A/B), intensified for stage IV disease by additional vincristine and methotrexate doses. Patients in poor condition received a second prephase treatment before their chemotherapy courses.ResultsBetween March 2004 and June 2016, of 405 patients with B‐NHL, 386 (109 females) were eligible for treatment. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 177 cases (47.4%) and characterized the disease as mature B‐cell lymphoma. Stage distribution was as follows: I/II, 31 (8.1%); III, 252 (65.3%); IV, 93 (24.1%); 10 (2.6%) not available. The 3‐year overall survival was 70% for the whole group (86% for stages I/II, 75% for stage III, 58% for stage IV). Events included death during induction (34 patients, 8.8%), relapse/progression (46, 11.9%), death in remission (9, 2.3%), second malignancy (1, 0.26%), and death of unknown cause (1, 0.26%). Twenty‐three (6%) patients abandoned or refused therapy.ConclusionsApproximately 70% of children with B‐NHL from Central America experienced long‐term, disease‐free survival with a modified BFM schedule. Toxic death and relapse/resistant disease were the main reasons for treatment failure.
Shape memory properties and unusual optical behaviour of an interpenetrating network of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
Authors: Jagtap Siddheshwar , Dalvi Vishal , Sankar Kalleta , Ratna Debdatta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with shape memory properties was prepared by using poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). PHEMA acts as a fixed phase and PEO as a switching phase. The switching action of PEO is due to the reversible process of melting and crystallization. It was observed that the shape recovery of the IPN increases with increasing crosslinker concentration up to an optimum value and decreases thereafter. In addition to the shape memory property, the IPNs show a reversible change in optical properties from translucent to opaque. The change in optical properties is quite different from that observed in a semicrystalline polymer system where the transparency increases as a result of the melting of crystals. This behaviour of the IPN is explained in terms of H‐bonding of PEO with PHEMA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the H‐bonding between PEO and PHEMA. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Salbutamol and ipratropium by inhaler is superior to nebulizer in children with severe acute asthma exacerbation: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Iramain Ricardo , Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. , Jara Alfredo , Cardozo Laura , Bogado Norma , Morinigo Rocío , De Jesús Raúl 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn moderate‐severe asthma exacerbation, salbutamol by inhaler (MDI) is superior to salbutamol delivered by nebulizer (NEB); however, to our knowledge, no studies in children with exclusively severe exacerbations were performed.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide by MDI versus by NEB in severe asthma exacerbations.MethodsWe performed a clinical trial enrolling 103 children (2‐14 years of age) with severe asthma exacerbations (defined by the Pulmonary Score ≥ 7) seen at the emergency room in Asuncion, Paraguay. One group received salbutamol and ipratropium (two puff every 10 min for 2 h and then every 30 min for 2 h more) by MDI with a valved‐holding chamber and mask along with oxygen by a cannula separately (MDI‐SIB); and the other received nebulization with oxygen (NEB‐SIB) of salbutamol and ipratropium (1 every 20 min for 2 h and then every 30 min for 2 h more). Primary outcome was the rate of hospitalization (Pulmonary Score ≥ 7) after 4 h and secondary outcome was oxygen saturation.ResultsFifty two children received MDI‐SIB and 51 NEB‐SIB. After the 4th hour, children on MDI‐SIB had significantly (P = 0.003) lower rate of hospital admission than on NEB‐SIB (5.8% vs 27.5%, RR: 0.21 [0.06‐0.69], respectively). Similarly, a significant improved clinical score after 60 min and increase in oxygen saturation after 90 min of treatment was observed in MDI‐SIB versus NEB‐SIB group (4.46 ± 0.7 vs 5.76 ± 0.65, P < 0.00001; and 90.5 ± 1.7 vs 88.43 1 ± 1, P < 0.00001, respectively).ConclusionEven in severe asthma exacerbations administration of salbutamol and ipratropium by MDI with valved‐holding chamber and mask along with oxygen by a cannula separately was more effective than by a nebulizer.
Pulmonary findings in infants with cystic fibrosis during the first year of life: Results from the Baby Observational and Nutrition Study (BONUS) cohort study
Authors: Goetz Danielle , Kopp Benjamin T. , Salvator Ann , Moore‐Clingenpeel Melissa , McCoy Karen , Leung Daniel H. , Kloster Margaret , Ramsey Bonnie R. , Heltshe Sonya H. , Borowitz Drucy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImportanceTreatment recommendations for infants with CF standardize care, but most surveillance or treatment guidance of pulmonary manifestations are consensus‐based due to sparse evidence.ObjectiveTo report observations about pulmonary correlates of growth and other clinical features in infants with CF.MethodsWe analyzed data from the prospective Baby Observational and Nutrition Study conducted in 28 centers across the US, including clinical features, medications, guardian diaries of respiratory symptoms, oropharyngeal swab cultures and chest radiographs (CXR) collected over the first year of life.ResultsCough was reported in 84% of infants in the first year. Up to 30% had clinically important cough but only 6.3% had crackles; 16.5% had wheeze. Wisconsin CXR score was above 5 in 23% (normal = 0; maximum score = 100). Pseudomonas was recovered from at least one respiratory culture in 24% of infants and was associated with crackles/wheezes and use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) (OR = 5.47; 95%CI = 1.36, 21.92; P = 0.02) or PPI plus histamine‐2 (H2) blocker (OR = 8.2; 95%CI = 2.41, 27.93; P = 0.001), but not H2 blocker alone. Hospitalization for respiratory indications occurred in 18% of infants and was associated with crackles/wheeze and abnormal CXR but not low weight, Pseudomonas or use of acid blockade.ConclusionsCough is common in infants with CF, but few present with crackles/wheeze or CXR changes. Pseudomonas is associated with use of PPI or PPI plus H2 blocker, but not with respiratory hospitalization. These observations cannot prove cause and effect but add to our understanding of pulmonary manifestations of CF in infants.Trial RegistrationUnited States ClinicalTrials.Gov registry NCT01424696 (clinicaltrials.gov).
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial to evaluate the role of curcumin in prostate cancer patients with intermittent androgen deprivation
Authors: Choi Young Hyo , Han Deok Hyun , Kim Seon‐woo , Kim Min‐Ji , Sung Hyun Hwan , Jeon Hwang Gyun , Jeong Byong Chang , Seo Seong Il , Jeon Seong Soo , Lee Hyun Moo , Choi Han Yong 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe anti‐cancer activities of curcumin are well‐documented from preclinical studies using prostate cancer models. Our objective was to evaluate the anti‐cancer activity of oral curcumin in patients with prostate cancer.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was performed on patients with prostate cancer who received intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD). Participants who finished the first on‐treatment period of IAD were randomized into a curcumin or placebo group. The patients took oral curcumin (1440 mg/day) or placebo for six months and were followed up until the beginning of the second on‐treatment. The primary end‐point was duration of the first off‐treatment. The secondary end‐points were change in PSA and testosterone levels during 6 months, PSA progression rate, and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) scores at 6 months. Safety assessments included adverse event, adverse drug reaction, and serious adverse event.ResultsA total of 97 participants were randomized 1:1 to curcumin (n = 49) and placebo (n = 48) groups. Among them, 82 patients (84.5%) were evaluable for the analysis (39 and 43 patients in the curcumin and placebo groups, respectively). The median off‐treatment duration was 16.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.3‐20.3 months) and 18.5 months (95% CI 12.5‐23.0 months) in the curcumin and placebo groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the curve of off‐treatment duration between the two groups (P = 0.4816). The proportion of patients with PSA progression during the active curcumin treatment period (6 months) was significantly lower in the curcumin group than the placebo group (10.3% vs 30.2%, P = 0.0259). The change of PSA, testosterone levels during 6 months, and HRQOL scores at 6 months were not different between curcumin and placebo groups. Adverse events were higher in the placebo group (16 of 46 vs 7 of 45 patients, P = 0.0349). No significant differences in the adverse drug reaction were found between the two groups.ConclusionsSix months’ intake of oral curcumin did not significantly affect the overall off‐treatment duration of IAD. However, PSA elevation was suppressed with curcumin intake during the curcumin administration period. Curcumin at this dose was well tolerated and safe.
Combined antitumoral effects of pretubulysin and methotrexate
Authors: Kern Sarah , Truebenbach Ines , Höhn Miriam , Gorges Jan , Kazmaier Uli , Zahler Stefan , Vollmar Angelika M. , Wagner Ernst 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPretubulysin (PT), a potent tubulin‐binding antitumoral drug, and the well‐established antimetabolite methotrexate (MTX) were tested separately or in combination (PT+MTX) for antitumoral activity in L1210 leukemia cells or KB cervix carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo in NMRI‐nu/nu tumor mouse models. In cultured L1210 cells, treatment with PT or MTX displays strong antitumoral effects in vitro, and the combination PT+MTX exceeds the effect of single drugs. PT also potently kills the MTX resistant KB cell line, without significant MTX combination effect. Cell cycle analysis reveals the expected arrest in G1/S by MTX and in G2/M by PT. In both cell lines, the PT+MTX combination induces a G2/M arrest which is stronger than the PT‐triggered G2/M arrest. PT+MTX does not change rates of apoptotic L1210 or KB cells as compared to single drug applications. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images show the microtubule disruption and nuclear fragmentation induced by PT treatment of L1210 and KB cells. MTX changes the architecture of the F‐actin skeleton. PT+MTX combines the toxic effects of both drugs. In the in vivo setting, the antitumoral activity of drugs differs from their in vitro cytotoxicity, but their combination effects are more pronounced. MTX on its own does not display significant antitumoral activity, whereas PT reduces tumor growth in both L1210 and KB in vivo models. Consistent with the cell cycle effects, MTX combined at moderate dose boosts the antitumoral effect of PT in both in vivo tumor models. Therefore, the PT+MTX combination may present a promising therapeutic approach for different types of cancer.
Treatment with new organic nitrites in pulmonary hypertension of acute experimental pulmonary embolism
Authors: Nilsson Kristofer F. , Gustafsson Lars E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAcute pulmonary embolism may cause right heart failure due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and arterial hypoxemia. Effective vasodilator therapy of the pulmonary hypertension is highly needed. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a newly developed effective pulmonary vasodilator, the organic mononitrites of 1,2‐propanediol (PDNO), in a rabbit model of acute pulmonary embolism. In anesthetized and ventilated rabbits, systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, exhaled nitric oxide (NO), plasma nitrite concentration, and blood gases were monitored. First, dose–response experiments with intravenous and left heart ventricle infusions of PDNO and inorganic nitrite were done in naive animals and in pulmonary hypertension induced by a thromboxane A2 analogue. Second, acute pulmonary embolism was induced and either PDNO or placebo were administered intravenously within 20 minutes and evaluated within 1 hour after pulmonary embolization. PDNO intravenously, in contrast to inorganic nitrite intravenously, increased exhaled NO and counteracted pulmonary hypertension and vasodilated the systemic circulation, dose‐dependently, thereby showing efficient NO donation. Pulmonary embolization induced pulmonary hypertension and gas exchange disturbances. PDNO significantly decreased and normalized pulmonary vascular resistance and the right ventricle rate‐pressure product, without causing tolerance, with no significant side effects on the systemic circulation, nor on blood‐gas values or on methemoglobin formation. In conclusion, PDNO is a NO donor and an efficient vasodilator in the pulmonary circulation. Treatment with this or similar organic nitrites intravenously may be a future option to avoid right heart failure in life‐threatening acute pulmonary embolism.
Safe nanotechnologies for increasing the effectiveness of environmentally friendly natural agrochemicals
Authors: Vurro Maurizio , Miguel‐Rojas Cristina , Pérez‐de‐Luque Alejandro 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTNatural compounds and living organisms continue to play a limited role in crop protection, and few of them have reached the market, despite their attractiveness and the efforts made in research. Very often these products have negative characteristics compared to synthetic compounds, e.g., higher costs of production, lower effectiveness, lack of persistence, and inability to reach and penetrate the target plant. Conversely, nanotechnologies are having an enormous impact on all human activities, including agriculture, even if the production of some nanomaterials is not environmentally friendly or could have adverse effects on agriculture and the environment. Thus, certain nanomaterials could facilitate the development of formulated natural pesticides, making them more effective and more environmentally friendly. Nanoformulations can improve efficacy, reduce effective doses, and increase shelf‐life and persistence. Such controlled‐release products can improve delivery to the target pest. This review considers certain available nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for use in agriculture, discussing their properties and the feasibility of their use in sustainable crop protection, in particular, in improving the effectiveness of natural bio‐based agrochemicals. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of McMurry Coupling for the Synthesis of Indolophanetriene and Carbazolophanetriene – A New Class of Caged Cyclophanes
Authors: Venkatesan Nagarathinam , Rajakumar Perumal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSynthesis of a new class of caged cyclophanes viz indolophanetriene 1 and carbazolophanetriene 2 was achieved using N‐arylation route followed by McMurry coupling by a three‐step process. The observed results from the optimized structure of the indolophanetriene 1 indicates the presence of face to face л‐stacking of the two phenyl rings with a distance of 5.54 Å, whereas the carbazolophanetriene 2 exhibit no л‐stacking due to uneven distances.
Microwave‐Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hierarchical Sb2WO6 Nanostructures as a New Anode Material for Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Ping , Xie Sanmu , She YiYi , Fan Wenguang , Leung Michael K. H. , Wang Hongkang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNovel hierarchical antimony tungstate (Sb2WO6) nanostructures with hollow disk‐like morphology, which are layer‐by‐layer assembled from Sb2WO6 nanosheets, are prepared by a facile microwave‐hydrothermal method. The as‐prepared Sb2WO6 is firstly applied as an anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), which shows superior cycle stability and rate capability, delivering a reversible capacity of ∼350 mA h/g after 100 cycles at 200 mA/g and even ∼285 mA h/g at a high rate of 2 A/g. The sodium storage mechanism is revealed via ex‐situ transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, which is based on the reversible alloying/dealloying reaction (
) and the reversible conversion reaction (
) in the ternary oxide of Sb2WO6. The different sodiation/desodiation reactions in the Sb2WO6 electrode happens in a step‐wise manner owing to the different working potentials, which thus alleviate the volume change induced pulverization and synergistically contribute to the superior sodium storage performance.
Contribution of Base Damages to the Molecular Radiosensitization Mechanism of Platinum Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Authors: Cai Yanming , Zhou Limei , Gao Yingxia , Liu Wenhui , Shao Yu , Zheng Yi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe measurement of clustered damages in Pt‐chemotherapeutic‐drugs‐DNA complexes induced by low‐energy (0‐30 eV) electrons (LEEs) may provide further understanding of the synergy mechanism in cancer treatment with concomitant chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Five‐monolayer films of Pt‐DNA complexes, containing cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin with ratio 5:1 were irradiated with mono‐energetic electrons of 10 eV, the most prominent energy for bond dissociation by LEE impact. Damages to plasmid DNA including crosslinks, SSBs, DSBs and the loss of the supercoiled configuration were analyzed by the electrophoresis. Base damages (BDs) occurring within two turns of DNA helix were detected by the treatment of E. coli base excision repair endonuclease (Nth and Fpg). The total DNA damages to Pt‐DNA complexes was found to be 350 ± 42, 296 ± 45 and 434 ± 46 ×10−15 electron−1molecule−1, respectively, while the percentages of BDs in this total were 56%, 54% and 60%, respectively. Compared to unmodified DNA, binding of Pt‐drugs to DNA increased BDs by factors of 1.9, 1.6 and 2.6, respectively, which partly resulted in significant enhancements of potentially lethal lesions (i. e., crosslinks, double strand breaks (DSBs) and non‐DSB cluster damages). These results reveal the significant role that LEEs play in the formation of clustered DNA damages related to BDs, which are expected to contribute to the higher efficacy of cancer treatment by CRT with the Pt‐drugs investigated.
Determination of Fe2+ and Co2+ by a Multiple‐Target Colorimetric Chemosensor with Low Detection Limit in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kim Hyunjun , Seo Yujin , Youn Yeojin , Lee Hakyung , Yang Minuk , Kim Cheal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA highly effective colorimetric chemosensor DPKP, N′‐(di(pyridin‐2‐yl)methylene)‐6‐hydroxypicolinohydrazide, was synthesized. DPKP sensed Fe2+ and Co2+ with the changes of color from colorless to blue and yellow, respectively, without severe inhibition from other metal ions. Binding interactions of DPKP with Fe2+ and Co2+ were analyzed to be 1:1 and 2:1 with Job plot and ESI‐MS analyses, respectively. In particular, DPKP has low detection limits for Fe2+ (0.60 μM) and for Co2+ (0.22 μM). In addition, DPKP could be used for quantification of Fe2+ and Co2+ in environmental samples.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives and Investigation of Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant, DNA‐Binding and Voltammetric Characteristics
Authors: Santosh Rangappa , Paul Priyodip , Selvam Mukunthan K. , Raril Chenthattil , Krishna Panchangam M. , Manjunatha Jamballi G. , Nagaraja Gundibasappa K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs), 4 a‐f and 6 a‐f is reported and were characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR and LC–MS. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Among the test samples compounds, 5‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐7‐imino‐1,3,5,6,8‐pentahydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4‐dione (6 c) and 5‐(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐N,N‐dimethyl‐7‐thioxo‐5,6,8‐trihydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4‐dione (4 d) were more potent against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Whereas 5‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐N,N‐dimethyl‐5,6,8‐trihydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4,7‐trione (6 e) and 5‐(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐N,N‐dimethyl‐5,6,8‐trihydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4,7‐trione (4 e) showed good inhibition against S. typhi and P. aeruginosa which were well supported by computational interaction and DNA binding studies. Compound 5‐(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐7‐imino‐1,3,5,6,8‐pentahydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4,7‐trione (4 c) exhibited potent scavenging activity with IC50 of 8.30 mg/ml. Furthermore, Cyclic Voltammetric analysis disclosed that 5‐(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐7‐thioxo‐1,3,5,6,8‐pentahydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4‐dione (4 a), 5‐(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐1,3,5,6,8‐pentahydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4,7‐trione (4 b), 4 c, 6 d, 6 e, and 6 f showed redox behavior.