bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of Schizophrenia or Psychosis-Related Symptoms in Adults Undergoing Substance Abuse Evaluation
Authors: Trudeau Kimberlee J. , Burtner Joanna , Villapiano Albert J. , Jones Megan , Butler Stephen F. , Joshi Kruti 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This study evaluated the biopsychosocial characteristics of adults undergoing substance abuse evaluation with potential schizophrenia/psychotic disorder, or possible schizophrenia/psychosis-like symptoms, compared with those with no schizophrenia/psychosis-like symptoms. A cross-sectional, observational study examined 170,201 adults, aged 18 to 30, who completed the Addiction Severity Index–Multimedia Version (ASI-MV). Approximately 10% were classified as having possible schizophrenia/psychosis-like symptoms or potential schizophrenia/psychotic disorder. These patients were more likely to exhibit moderate to extreme severity on employment, medical, legal, substance use, social, and psychiatric status than nonsymptomatic patients. The potential schizophrenia or psychotic disorder cohort was also more likely to have ever experienced physical abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 4.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.12–4.48) and/or sexual abuse (OR = 4.32, 95% CI = 4.15–4.51) versus the no schizophrenia/psychosis-like symptoms cohort. Findings support a recommendation for routine screening for mental health issues, particularly schizophrenia/psychosis-like symptoms, for adults entering substance use disorder treatment settings. This may increase the likelihood of appropriate and earlier intervention.
Family and Personality Predictors of Clinical Depression and Anxiety in Emerging Adults
Authors: Mitkovic Voncina Marija , Kosutic Zeljka , Pesic Danilo , Todorovic Dejan , Peulic Aleksandar , Lazarevic Milica , Rakovic Dobroslavic Ivana , Djuric Mina , Bradic Zagorka , Pejovic Milovancevic Milica , Gotlib Dorothy , Lecic Tosevski Dusica 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
There is an ongoing debate on the relationship between depression and anxiety, but data on similarities and differences in their predictor profiles are scarce. The aim of our study was to compare family and personality predictors of these disorders among 220 “emerging adults.” As such, two clinical groups with noncomorbid depressive and anxiety disorders, and one healthy control group were assessed by sociodemographic questionnaires, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders and NEO Personality Inventory, Revised. We found significant overlap in family and personality risk profiles, with increasing effect size for predictors common to anxiety and depression when the categories “no disorder–anxiety disorder–depressive disorder” were considered as existing along a continuum. Among the contributing factors we assessed, family psychiatric history, family structure and conflicts with parents were more significant than personality traits. Our study indicates that emerging adults may be more vulnerable to depression than anxiety in the presence of family and personality risk factors.
Alterations in Mitochondrial Function in Blood Cells Obtained From Patients With Sepsis Presenting to an Emergency Department
Authors: Jang David H. , Orloski Clinton J. , Owiredu Shawn , Shofer Frances S. , Greenwood John C. , Eckmann David M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as a key cellular event leading to organ dysfunction in sepsis. Our objective is to measure changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics in subjects with early presentation of sepsis to provide insight into the incompletely understood pathophysiology of the dysregulated host response in sepsis.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
Single site tertiary academic emergency department.

Subjects:
We enrolled a total of 48 subjects in the study, 10 with sepsis or septic shock, 10 with infection without sepsis, 14 older and 14 younger healthy controls.

Interventions:
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured with high-resolution respirometry (OROBOROS O2K).

Measurements and Main Results:
The median age in patients with sepsis, infection only, older control and younger controls were 63, 34, 61, and 29 years old, respectively. In the Sepsis group, the median 1st 24-h SOFA score was 8, and the initial median lactate was 4.2 mmol/dL, compared with 1.1 in the Infection Group. The 30-day mortality of the sepsis/septic shock group was 50%, with a median length of stay of 7-days. The Sepsis Group had significantly lower routine and Max respiration when compared with the other groups as well as uncoupled Complex I respiration. There was also a significant decrease in ATP-linked respiration along with the Spare Reserve Capacity in the Sepsis Group when compared with the other group. There were no age-related differences in respiration between the Older and Younger control group.

Conclusions:
Bedside measurement of mitochondrial respiration can be minimally invasive and performed in a timely manner. Mitochondrial dysfunction, detected by decreased oxygen consumption utilized for energy production and depleted cellular bioenergetics reserve.
Spt6 is required for the fidelity of promoter selection
Authors: Doris Stephen M. , Chuang James , Viktorovskaya Olga , Murawska Magdalena , Spatt Dan , Stirling Churchman L. , Winston Fred 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYSpt6 is a conserved factor that controls transcription and chromatin structure across the genome. Although Spt6 is viewed as an elongation factor,spt6mutations inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeallow elevated levels of transcripts from within coding regions, suggesting that Spt6 also controls initiation. To address the requirements for Spt6 in transcription and chromatin structure, we have combined four genome-wide approaches. Our results demonstrate that Spt6 represses transcription initiation at thousands of intragenic promoters. We characterize these intragenic promoters, and find sequence features conserved with genic promoters. Finally, we show that Spt6 also regulates transcription initiation at most genic promoters and propose a model of initiation-site competition to account for this. Together, our results demonstrate that Spt6 controls the fidelity of transcription initiation throughout the genome and reveal the magnitude of the potential for expressing alternative genetic information via intragenic promoters.
Non-invasive prenatal testing as a valuable source of population specific allelic frequencies
Authors: Budis J , Gazdarica J , Radvanszky J , Harsanyova M , Gazdaricova I , Strieskova L , Frno R , Duris F , Minarik G , Sekelska M , Szemes T 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLow-coverage massively parallel genome sequencing for non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of common aneuploidies is one of the most rapidly adopted and relatively low-cost DNA tests. Since aggregation of reads from a large number of samples allows overcoming the problems of extremely low coverage of individual samples, we describe the possible re-use of the data generated during NIPT testing for genome scale population specific frequency determination of small DNA variants, requiring no additional costs except of those for the NIPT test itself. We applied our method to a data set comprising of 1,548 original NIPT test results and evaluated the findings on different levels, from in silico population frequency comparisons up to wet lab validation analyses using a gold-standard method. The revealed high reliability of variant calling and allelic frequency determinations suggest that these NIPT data could serve as valuable alternatives to large scale population studies even for smaller countries around the world.
An adaptive fully discontinuous Galerkin level set method for incompressible multiphase flows
Authors: Karakus Ali , Warburton Tim , Aksel Mehmet Haluk , Sert Cuneyt 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This study aims to focus on the development of a high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for the solution of unsteady, incompressible, multiphase flows with level set interface formulation.

Design/methodology/approach
Nodal discontinuous Galerkin discretization is used for incompressible Navier–Stokes, level set advection and reinitialization equations on adaptive unstructured elements. Implicit systems arising from the semi-explicit time discretization of the flow equations are solved with a p-multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient method, which minimizes the memory requirements and increases overall run-time performance. Computations are localized mostly near the interface location to reduce computational cost without sacrificing the accuracy.

Findings
The proposed method allows to capture interface topology accurately in simulating wide range of flow regimes with high density/viscosity ratios and offers good mass conservation even in relatively coarse grids, while keeping the simplicity of the level set interface modeling. Efficiency, local high-order accuracy and mass conservation of the method are confirmed through distinct numerical test cases of sloshing, dam break and Rayleigh–Taylor instability.

Originality/value
A fully discontinuous Galerkin, high-order, adaptive method on unstructured grids is introduced where flow and interface equations are solved in discontinuous space.
An empirical assessment of current accounts sustainability for major South Asian economies
Authors: Shastri Shruti , Giri A.K. , Mohapatra Geetilaxmi 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the sustainability of current accounts for five major South Asian economies, namely, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal, for the period 1985–2016.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs the intertemporal solvency model of Hakkio and Rush (1991) and Husted (1992). Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds test, Gregory and Hansen’s test and Carrion-i-Silvestre and Sanso’s test are used to assess the cointegration between current account inflows and outflows. The coefficients of long-run relationship are obtained using dynamic ordinary least squares. Besides the econometric investigation, the study also examines some other indicators such as the composition of current account, size of external debt, etc., to shed further light on the sustainability of current accounts.FindingsThe study finds support for the long-run relationship between the current account outflows and inflows for all the countries. The estimates of slope coefficient indicate strong sustainability in case of India, Bangladesh and Nepal, whereas weak sustainability holds for Sri Lanka and Pakistan underscoring the need for policy interventions. In a comparative perspective, the current accounts in India, Nepal and Bangladesh conform more to a sustainable behavior in terms of the size of deficits, external debt stock and compliance to the intertemporal budget constraint.Originality/valueThe study employs econometric techniques allowing for structural breaks in the assessment of current account sustainability. Besides using the intertemporal model, the study also examines factors such as composition of current accounts, size of external debts, etc., to evaluate sustainability.
Escape the “Hockey stick” trap: five potent strategic moves that spur growth
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This interview with the authors of Strategy – Beyond the Hockey Stick offers their insights into a major problem which has bedevilled the strategy process in too many companies over the years - the combination of bold but delusional “hockey-stick” forecasts and timid strategic moves – a coupling that severely limits the impact of any strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
The McKinsey authors examined publicly available information on the world’s 2,393 largest companies, and plotted their average annual economic profit

Findings
They found that the curve is extremely steep at the both ends: those in the top quintile average some 30 times as much economic profit as those in the middle three quintiles.

Practical implications
One of the biggest pitfalls in the strategy process is this very human propensity for bold forecasts and timid actions. Strategy requires confronting uncertainly head-on by embracing the notion of probability by calibrating the odds of a strategy succeeding, building in explicit trigger points to re-examine decisions as we learn more. 10;

Originality/value
What has been largely missing from the literature is a study of the average-to-top transition based on an extensive data set, one that encompasses a greater range of performance profiles and average-to-top transition trajectories. This is the knowledge gap that Strategy Beyond the Hockey Stick: People, Probabilities, and Big Moves to Beat the Odds fills.
The GRK2 Promoter Is Regulated by Early‐Growth Response Transcription Factor EGR‐1
Authors: Klenke Stefanie , Engler Andrea , Ecker Daniel , Ochsenfarth Crista , Danowski Nina , Peters Jürgen , Siffert Winfried , Frey Ulrich H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) plays a major role in cardiovascular diseases, and its expression is increased in heart failure. However, only little is known about factors being involved in up‐regulation of GRK2 expression through transcriptional regulation of its promoter. Since the transcription factor early‐growth response 1 (EGR‐1) is also up‐regulated in patients with heart failure, we tested the hypothesis that EGR‐1 regulates GRK2 transcription. Stimulation of immortalized rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2) with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) resulted in up‐regulation of Egr‐1 and subsequently of Grk2 mRNA expression, with maximum Grk2 expression (p = 0.008) 5 hr after PMA stimulation and being abolished by actinomycin D, indicating a transcriptional mechanism. To identify naturally occurring variants affecting promoter transcriptional activity, we identified a novel G(‐43)A polymorphism (rs182084609), which surrounded a putative EGR‐1‐binding site. While the minor A allele frequency was rare (0.02), this variant was used to explore regulation by EGR‐1 and promoter construct with altered alleles at nt‐43 were subjected of reporter assays in human embryonic kidney cells (Hek293). Here, EGR‐1 over‐expression resulted in a more than twofold increase in GRK2 promoter activity but only in the presence of the G‐allele (p = 0.04). In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, EGR‐1 over‐expression resulted in a specific binding of transcription factors only to the G oligonucleotide. Finally, EGR‐1 over‐expression resulted in increased GRK2 mRNA expression (p = 0.03). We identified EGR‐1 as a regulator of GRK2 transcription. Suppression of GRK2 expression by inhibition of EGR‐1 binding to GRK2 might be a promising approach to mitigate adrenergic desensitization.
Case of immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with anti‐signal recognition particle antibodies: Dramatic improvement after rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone therapy for intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Komiya Hiroyasu , Hagihara Maki , Tanaka Kenichi , Tada Mikiko , Joki Hideto , Koyano Shigeru , Doi Hiroshi , Nishino Ichizo , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Tanaka Fumiaki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImmune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with anti‐signal recognition particle antibodies (anti‐SRP myopathy) is representative of several subtypes of necrotizing immune‐mediated myopathy, and is characterized by rapidly progressive proximal muscle weakness, dysphagia and poor responsiveness to conventional immunosuppressive therapies. We report a 71‐year‐old man who developed anti‐SRP myopathy followed by malignant lymphoma, and whose condition dramatically improved with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone therapy. He showed progressive proximal muscle weakness with severe dysphagia, and was diagnosed with anti‐SRP myopathy by antibody tests and pathological examination. He was treated with conventional immunosuppressive therapies, specifically corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and tacrolimus; however, none of these therapies were effective. Two months after starting tacrolimus, the patient developed intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma, which was suspected to be an iatrogenic immunodeficiency‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder. Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone therapy resulted in not only complete remission of lymphoma, but also dramatic improvement of anti‐SRP myopathy. The present case suggests that rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone therapy is a potential treatment for anti‐SRP myopathy.
Healing criteria: How should an episode of benign paroxistic positional vertigo of posterior semicircular canal′s resolution be defined? Prospective observational study
Authors: Guerra‐Jiménez G. , Domènech‐Vadillo E. , Álvarez‐Morujo de Sande M.G. , González‐Aguado R. , Galera‐Ruiz H. , Morales Angulo C. , Martín‐Mateos A.J. , Figuerola‐Massana E. , Ramos‐Macías Á. , Domínguez‐Durán E. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the outcome of the Epley maneuver (EM) in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior canal (CSP‐BPPV) depending on the definition used for recovery.DesignMulticenter observational prospective study.SettingOtoneurology Units of 5 tertiary reference hospitals.ParticipantsAll patients presenting with unilateral CSP‐BPPV assisted for 1‐year period.Exclusion criteriaSpontaneous nystagmus, positive McClure‐Pagnini maneuver, positive bilateral Dix‐Hallpike maneuver (DHM), positive DHM for vertigo but negative for nystagmus and atypical nystagmus.Main outcome measuresResponse to EM was measured after 7 days in 3 different outcomes: disappearance of nystagmus during the DHM in the follow‐up visit, disappearance of vertigo during the DHM and general status (GS) during daily life activities.Results264 patients were recruited (68 male/166 female, mean age 62 years). After the EM, nystagmus disappeared in 67% of them, vertigo in 54% and 36% were asymptomatic in their daily life. These outcomes were strongly correlated, but they were not concordant in a clinically significant group of cases; only the 26% of patients met all of them. The healing process follows the next sequence: negativization of positional nystagmus, then disappearance of positional vertigo and, finally, the improvement of GS during daily life activities.ConclusionNowadays, healing criteria for the resolution of an PSC‐BPPV episode have not been specifically defined yet. Provided that other otoneurological disorders have been ruled out, the next resolution criterion is proposed: absence of nystagmus and specifically during control DHM and disappearance of symptoms during daily life activities.
Enhanced dopamine D2 autoreceptor function in the adult prefrontal cortex contributes to dopamine hypoactivity following adolescent social stress
Authors: Weber Matthew A. , Graack Eric T. , Scholl Jamie L. , Renner Kenneth J. , Forster Gina L. , Watt Michael J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdult psychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive deficits reliant on prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine are promoted by teenage bullying. Similarly, male Sprague‐Dawley rats exposed to social defeat in mid‐adolescence (P35‐39) show impaired working memory in adulthood (P56‐70), along with decreased medial PFC (mPFC) dopamine activity that results in part from increased dopamine transporter‐mediated clearance. Here, we determined if dopamine synthesis and D2 autoreceptor‐mediated inhibition of dopamine release in the adult mPFC are also enhanced by adolescent defeat to contribute to later dopamine hypofunction. Control and previously defeated rats did not differ in either DOPA accumulation following amino acid decarboxylase inhibition (NSD‐1015 100 mg/kg ip.) or total/phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression, suggesting dopamine synthesis in the adult mPFC is not altered by adolescent defeat. However, exposure to adolescent defeat caused greater decreases in extracellular dopamine release (measured using in vivo chronoamperometry) in the adult mPFC upon local infusion of the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (3 nM), implying greater D2 autoreceptor function. Equally enhanced D2 autoreceptor‐mediated inhibition of dopamine release is seen in the adolescent (P40 or P49) mPFC, which declines in control rats by adulthood. However, this developmental decrease in autoreceptor function is absent following adolescent defeat, suggesting retention of an adolescent‐like phenotype into adulthood. Current and previous findings indicate adolescent defeat decreases extracellular dopamine availability in the adult mPFC via both enhanced inhibition of dopamine release and increased dopamine clearance, which may be viable targets for improving treatment of cognitive deficits seen in neuropsychiatric disorders promoted by adolescent stress.
Activity‐dependent vs. neurotrophic modulation of acetylcholine receptor expression: Evidence from rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles confirms the exclusive role of activity
Authors: Buffelli Mario , Tognana Enrico , Cangiano Alberto , Busetto Giuseppe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEvoked electrical muscle activity suppresses the transcription of mRNAs for acetylcholine receptors in extrajunctional myonuclei. Muscle denervation or disuse releases such inhibition and extrajunctional receptors appear. However, in soleus muscles paralysed with nerve‐applied tetrodotoxin, a restricted perijunctional region has been described where myonuclei remain inhibited, a finding attributed to nerve‐derived trophic factor(s). Here, we reinvestigate extrajunctional acetylcholine receptor expression in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles up to 90 days after denervation or up to 20 days of disuse, to clarify the role of trophic factors, if any. The perijunctional region of soleus muscles strongly expressed acetylcholine receptors during the first 2–3 weeks of denervation. After 2–3 months, this expression had disappeared. No perijunctional expression was seen after paralysis by tetrodotoxin or botulinum toxin A. In contrast, the extensor digitorum longus never displayed suppressed perijunctional acetylcholine receptor expression after any treatment, suggesting that it is an intrinsic property of soleus muscles. Soleus denervation only transiently removed the suppression, and its presence in long‐term denervated soleus muscles contradicts any contribution from nerve‐derived trophic factor(s). In conclusion, our results confirm that evoked electrical activity is the physiological factor controlling the expression of acetylcholine receptors in the entire extrajunctional membrane of skeletal muscles.
Topical silver and gold nanoparticles complexed with Cornus mas suppress inflammation in human psoriasis plaques by inhibiting NF‐κB activity
Authors: Crisan Diana , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Crisan Maria , Schatz Susanne , Hainzl Adelheid , Olenic Liliana , Filip Adriana , Schneider Lars A. , Sindrilaru Anca 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNew biomaterials based on nanoparticles (NPs) carrying polyphenols‐rich extracts (Cornus mas) recently showed promising anti‐inflammatory activity in psoriasis. We aimed to understand how topically delivered silver and gold nanoparticles complexed with Cornus mas (Ag‐NPs‐CM, Au‐NPs‐CM) modulate inflammation in psoriasis at cellular and molecular level. The impact on psoriatic inflammation was assessed in vitro on pro‐inflammatory macrophages, by clinical score, high‐frequency ultrasonography and immunohistology of psoriasis plaques treated with Ag‐NPs‐CM, Au‐NPs‐CM or control. Incubation of pro‐inflammatory macrophages with nanoparticles significantly decreased the release of NO, IL‐12 and TNF‐α. Immunofluorescence confirmed that nanoparticles significantly reduced CD68‐positive macrophages and their IL‐12 and TNF‐α production in human psoriasis plaques. NPs‐CM appear to repress NF‐κB activation in macrophages, inhibiting the production of pro‐inflammatory factors with causal role in psoriasis. Ag and Au NPs‐CM represent a novel nanoparticle‐based “green” technology which may provide an efficient tool for modern psoriasis therapy, circumventing immunosuppression‐related side effects of biologicals.