bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Crystallite Kinetics in Homogenous Bilayer Oxide Memristor for Emulating Diverse Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Yin Jun , Zeng Fei , Wan Qin , Li Fan , Sun Yiming , Hu Yuandong , Liu Jialu , Li Guoqi , Pan Feng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA critical routine for memristors applied to neuromorphic computing is to approximate synaptic dynamic behaviors as closely as possible. A type of homogenous bilayer memristor with a structure of W/HfOy/HfOx/Pt is designed and constructed in this paper. The memristor replicates the structure and oxygen vacancy (VO) distribution of a complete synapse and its Ca2+ distribution, respectively, after the forming process. The detailed characterizations of its atomic structure and phase transformation in and near the conductive channel demonstrate that the crystallite kinetics are adaptively coupled with the VO migration prompted by directional external bias. The extrusion (injection) of the VOs and the subsequent crystallite coalescence (separation), phase transformation, and alignment (misalignment) resemble closely the Ca2+ flux and neurotransmitter dynamics in chemical synapses. Such adaptation and similarity allow the memristor to emulate diverse synaptic plasticity. This study supplies a kinetic process of conductive channel theory for bilayer memristors. In addition, our memristor has very low energy consumption (5–7.5 fJ per switching for a 0.5 µm diameter device, compatible with a synaptic event) and is therefore suitable for large‐scale integration used in neuromorphic networks.
Bioinspired Surfaces with Superamphiphobic Properties: Concepts, Synthesis, and Applications
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Yandong , Huang Jianying , Chen Zhong , Chen Guoqiang , Lai Yuekun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAmong diverse wetting phenomena in surface science, superamphiphobicity is regarded as one of the most special super‐antiwetting states. In this paper, a systematic summary is presented to cover the characterization of surface wettability, the construction techniques, and selected functional applications. With respect to fabrication techniques, the following three types of technology routes, viz., “pre‐texturing + post‐modifying,” “pre‐modifying + post‐texturing,” and in situ one‐step construction will be discussed. The merits and demerits of each technology route are discussed. It is vital to rationally design or adopt appropriate construction strategies in diverse conditions. Appropriately constructed superamphiphobic multifunctional surfaces can be applied in many fields, however, most have not been scaled‐up and utilized for practical applications due to some specific difficulties required to be resolved in the future. These challenges and further outlook for super‐antiwetting surfaces are discussed in this review.
Polarized Optoelectronics of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Perovskite Nanoplates with Tunable Size and Thickness
Authors: Sheng Xuexi , Chen Gaoyu , Wang Chong , Wang Weiqi , Hui Junfeng , Zhang Qi , Yu Kehan , Wei Wei , Yi Mingdong , Zhang Mian , Deng Yu , Wang Peng , Xu Xiangxing , Dai Zhihui , Bao Jianchun , Wang Xun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLow dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials have shown their tailorable properties for a variety of promising applications in decades. Here a general strategy to synthesize all‐inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I or their mixture) perovskite 2D nanoplates by introducing additional metal halides MX'2 or MX'3 (M = Cu, Zn, Al or Pb, etc.; X' = Cl, Br or I) is reported. These CsPbX3 perovskite nanoplates have uniform thickness and tunable size, which can be feasibly controlled by the component and ratio of the metal halides, temperature, time, and ligands. The well‐defined morphology of the nanoplates makes them ideal building blocks for the self‐assembly in the face‐to‐face and column‐by‐column arrangement. Compared to the optically isotropic CsPbX3 nanocubes, the 2D CsPbX3 nanoplates exhibit remarkable polarized UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence not only in liquid solvent and solid resin matrix, but also in self‐assembled films. An optoelectronic photodetector sensitive for linear polarized light is fabricated to demonstrate the proof‐of‐concept.
Electric Field Assisted Microfluidic Platform for Generation of Tailorable Porous Microbeads as Cell Carriers for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Costantini Marco , Guzowski Jan , Żuk Paweł J. , Mozetic Pamela , De Panfilis Simone , Jaroszewicz Jakub , Heljak Marcin , Massimi Mara , Pierron Maxime , Trombetta Marcella , Dentini Mariella , Święszkowski Wojciech , Rainer Alberto , Garstecki Piotr , Barbetta Andrea 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInjection of cell‐laden scaffolds in the form of mesoscopic particles directly to the site of treatment is one of the most promising approaches to tissue regeneration. Here, a novel and highly efficient method is presented for preparation of porous microbeads of tailorable dimensions (in the range ≈300–1500 mm) and with a uniform and fully interconnected internal porous texture. The method starts with generation of a monodisperse oil‐in‐water emulsion inside a flow‐focusing microfluidic device. This emulsion is later broken‐up, with the use of electric field, into mesoscopic double droplets, that in turn serve as a template for the porous microbeads. By tuning the amplitude and frequency of the electric pulses, the template droplets and the resulting porous bead scaffolds are precisely produced. Furthermore, a model of pulsed electrodripping is proposed that predicts the size of the template droplets as a function of the applied voltage. To prove the potential of the porous microbeads as cell carries, they are tested with human mesenchymal stem cells and hepatic cells, with their viability and degree of microbead colonization being monitored. Finally, the presented porous microbeads are benchmarked against conventional microparticles with nonhomogenous internal texture, revealing their superior performance.
High‐Speed 3D Printing of Millimeter‐Size Customized Aspheric Imaging Lenses with Sub 7 nm Surface Roughness
Authors: Chen Xiangfan , Liu Wenzhong , Dong Biqin , Lee Jongwoo , Ware Henry Oliver T. , Zhang Hao F. , Sun Cheng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAdvancements in three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology have the potential to transform the manufacture of customized optical elements, which today relies heavily on time‐consuming and costly polishing and grinding processes. However the inherent speed‐accuracy trade‐off seriously constrains the practical applications of 3D‐printing technology in the optical realm. In addressing this issue, here, a new method featuring a significantly faster fabrication speed, at 24.54 mm3 h−1, without compromising the fabrication accuracy required to 3D‐print customized optical components is reported. A high‐speed 3D‐printing process with subvoxel‐scale precision (sub 5 µm) and deep subwavelength (sub 7 nm) surface roughness by employing the projection micro‐stereolithography process and the synergistic effects from grayscale photopolymerization and the meniscus equilibrium post‐curing methods is demonstrated. Fabricating a customized aspheric lens 5 mm in height and 3 mm in diameter is accomplished in four hours. The 3D‐printed singlet aspheric lens demonstrates a maximal imaging resolution of 373.2 lp mm−1 with low field distortion less than 0.13% across a 2 mm field of view. This lens is attached onto a cell phone camera and the colorful fine details of a sunset moth's wing and the spot on a weevil's elytra are captured. This work demonstrates the potential of this method to rapidly prototype optical components or systems based on 3D printing.
Nonlinear Optics with 2D Layered Materials
Authors: Autere Anton , Jussila Henri , Dai Yunyun , Wang Yadong , Lipsanen Harri , Sun Zhipei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract2D layered materials (2DLMs) are a subject of intense research for a wide variety of applications (e.g., electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics) due to their unique physical properties. Most recently, increasing research efforts on 2DLMs are projected toward the nonlinear optical properties of 2DLMs, which are not only fascinating from the fundamental science point of view but also intriguing for various potential applications. Here, the current state of the art in the field of nonlinear optics based on 2DLMs and their hybrid structures (e.g., mixed‐dimensional heterostructures, plasmonic structures, and silicon/fiber integrated structures) is reviewed. Several potential perspectives and possible future research directions of these promising nanomaterials for nonlinear optics are also presented.
High‐Voltage Lithium‐Metal Batteries Enabled by Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes
Authors: Chen Shuru , Zheng Jianming , Mei Donghai , Han Kee Sung , Engelhard Mark H. , Zhao Wengao , Xu Wu , Liu Jun , Zhang Ji‐Guang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRechargeable lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) are regarded as the “holy grail” of energy‐storage systems, but the electrolytes that are highly stable with both a lithium‐metal anode and high‐voltage cathodes still remain a great challenge. Here a novel “localized high‐concentration electrolyte” (HCE; 1.2 m lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in a mixture of dimethyl carbonate/bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) ether (1:2 by mol)) is reported that enables dendrite‐free cycling of lithium‐metal anodes with high Coulombic efficiency (99.5%) and excellent capacity retention (>80% after 700 cycles) of Li||LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 batteries. Unlike the HCEs reported before, the electrolyte reported in this work exhibits low concentration, low cost, low viscosity, improved conductivity, and good wettability that make LMBs closer to practical applications. The fundamental concept of “localized HCEs” developed in this work can also be applied to other battery systems, sensors, supercapacitors, and other electrochemical systems.
Reducing Architecture Limitations for Efficient Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Gangishetty Mahesh K. , Hou Shaocong , Quan Qimin , Congreve Daniel N. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes utilizing perovskite nanocrystals have generated strong interest in the past several years, with green and red devices showing high efficiencies. Blue devices, however, have lagged significantly behind. Here, it is shown that the device architecture plays a key role in this lag and that NiOx, a transport layer in one of the highest efficiency devices to date, causes a significant reduction in perovskite luminescence lifetime. An alternate transport layer structure which maintains robust nanocrystal emission is proposed. Devices with this architecture show external quantum efficiencies of 0.50% at 469 nm, seven times higher than state‐of‐the‐art devices at that wavelength. Finally, it is demonstrated that this architecture enables efficient devices across the entire blue‐green portion of the spectrum. The improvements demonstrated here open the door to efficient blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes.
Surface Immobilization of Transition Metal Ions on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Realizing High‐Efficient and Selective CO2 Reduction
Authors: Bi Wentuan , Li Xiaogang , You Rui , Chen Minglong , Yuan Ruilin , Huang Weixin , Wu Xiaojun , Chu Wangsheng , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractElectrochemical conversion of CO2 to value‐added chemicals using renewable electricity provides a promising way to mitigate both global warming and the energy crisis. Here, a facile ion‐adsorption strategy is reported to construct highly active graphene‐based catalysts for CO2 reduction to CO. The isolated transition metal cyclam‐like moieties formed upon ion adsorption are found to contribute to the observed improvements. Free from the conventional harsh pyrolysis and acid‐leaching procedures, this solution‐chemistry strategy is easy to scale up and of general applicability, thus paving a rational avenue for the design of high‐efficiency catalysts for CO2 reduction and beyond.
Misorientation‐Angle‐Dependent Phase Transformation in van der Waals Multilayers via Electron‐Beam Irradiation
Authors: Kim Un Jeong , Lee Hyangsook , Lee Woojin , Jeong Hye Yun , Kim Hyun , Han Gang Hee , Lee Hyo Sug , Park Yeonsang , Roh Young‐Geun , Lee Young Hee , Lee Eunha , Hwang Sung Woo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMisorientation‐angle dependence on layer thickness is an intriguing feature of van der Waals materials, which causes stark optical gain and electrical transport modulation. However, the influence of misorientation angle on phase transformation is not determined yet. Herein, this phenomenon in a MoS2 multilayer via in situ electron‐beam irradiation is reported. An AA′‐stacked MoS2 bilayer undergoes structural transformation from the 2H semiconducting phase to the 1T′ metallic phase, similar to a MoS2 monolayer, which is confirmed via in situ transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, non‐AA′ stacking, which has no local AA′ stacking order in the Moiré pattern, does not reveal such a phase transformation. While a collective sliding motion of chalcogen atoms easily occurs during the transformation in AA′ stacking, in non‐AA′ stacking it is suppressed by the weak van der Waals strength and by the chalcogen atoms interlocked at different orientations, which disfavor their kinetics by the increased entropy of mixing.
Multidimensional Synergistic Nanoarchitecture Exhibiting Highly Stable and Ultrafast Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Tan Shuangshuang , Jiang Yalong , Wei Qiulong , Huang Qianming , Dai Yuhang , Xiong Fangyu , Li Qidong , An Qinyou , Xu Xu , Zhu Zizhong , Bai Xuedong , Mai Liqiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConversion‐type anodes with multielectron reactions are beneficial for achieving a high capacity in sodium‐ion batteries. Enhancing the electron/ion conductivity and structural stability are two key challenges in the development of high‐performance sodium storage. Herein, a novel multidimensionally assembled nanoarchitecture is presented, which consists of V2O3 nanoparticles embedded in amorphous carbon nanotubes that are then coassembled within a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) network, this materials is denoted V2O3⊂C‐NTs⊂rGO. The selective insertion and multiphase conversion mechanism of V2O3 in sodium‐ion storage is systematically demonstrated for the first time. Importantly, the naturally integrated advantages of each subunit synergistically provide a robust structure and rapid electron/ion transport, as confirmed by in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy experiments and kinetic analysis. Benefiting from the synergistic effects, the V2O3⊂C‐NTs⊂rGO anode delivers an ultralong cycle life (72.3% at 5 A g−1 after 15 000 cycles) and an ultrahigh rate capability (165 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1, ≈30 s per charge/discharge). The synergistic design of the multidimensionally assembled nanoarchitecture produces superior advantages in energy storage.
3D‐Printing Electrolytes for Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: McOwen Dennis W. , Xu Shaomao , Gong Yunhui , Wen Yang , Godbey Griffin L. , Gritton Jack E. , Hamann Tanner R. , Dai Jiaqi , Hitz Gregory T. , Hu Liangbing , Wachsman Eric D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSolid‐state batteries have many enticing advantages in terms of safety and stability, but the solid electrolytes upon which these batteries are based typically lead to high cell resistance. Both components of the resistance (interfacial, due to poor contact with electrolytes, and bulk, due to a thick electrolyte) are a result of the rudimentary manufacturing capabilities that exist for solid‐state electrolytes. In general, solid electrolytes are studied as flat pellets with planar interfaces, which minimizes interfacial contact area. Here, multiple ink formulations are developed that enable 3D printing of unique solid electrolyte microstructures with varying properties. These inks are used to 3D‐print a variety of patterns, which are then sintered to reveal thin, nonplanar, intricate architectures composed only of Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte. Using these 3D‐printing ink formulations to further study and optimize electrolyte structure could lead to solid‐state batteries with dramatically lower full cell resistance and higher energy and power density. In addition, the reported ink compositions could be used as a model recipe for other solid electrolyte or ceramic inks, perhaps enabling 3D printing in related fields.
In Situ Activation of 3D Porous Bi/Carbon Architectures: Toward High‐Energy and Stable Nickel–Bismuth Batteries
Authors: Zeng Yinxiang , Lin Ziqi , Wang Zifan , Wu Mingmei , Tong Yexiang , Lu Xihong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo achieve high‐energy and stable aqueous rechargeable batteries, state‐of‐the art of anode materials are needed. Bismuth (Bi) has recently emerged as an attractive anode material due to its highly reversible redox reaction and suitable negative operating working window. However, the capacity and durability of currently reported Bi anodes are still far from satisfactory. Here, an in situ activation strategy is reported to prepare a 3D porous high‐density Bi nanoparticles/carbon architecture (P–Bi–C) as an efficient anode for nickel–bismuth batteries. Taking advantages of the fast channels for charge transfer and ion diffusion, enhanced wettability, and accessible surface area, the highly loaded P–Bi–C electrode delivers a remarkable capacity of 2.11 mA h cm−2 as well as high rate capability (1.19 mA h cm−2 at 120 mA cm−2). To highlight, a robust aqueous rechargeable Ni//Bi battery based on the P–Bi–C anode is first constructed, achieving decent capacity (141 mA h g−1), impressive durability (94% capacity retention after 5000 cycles), and admirable energy density (16.9 mW h cm−3). This work paves the way for designing superfast nickel–bismuth batteries with high energy and long‐life and may inspire new development for aqueous rechargeable batteries.
Nonfullerene Tandem Organic Solar Cells with High Performance of 14.11%
Authors: Zhang Yamin , Kan Bin , Sun Yanna , Wang Yanbo , Xia Ruoxi , Ke Xin , Yi Yuan‐Qiu‐Qiang , Li Chenxi , Yip Hin‐Lap , Wan Xiangjian , Cao Yong , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFabricating solar cells with tandem structure is an efficient way to broaden the photon response range without further increasing the thermalization loss in the system. In this work, a tandem organic solar cell (TOSC) based on highly efficient nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) with series connection type is demonstrated. To meet the different demands of front and rear sub‐cells, two NFAs named F‐M and NOBDT with a whole absorption range from 300 to 900 nm are designed, when blended with wide bandgap polymer poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))] (PBDB‐T) and narrow bandgap polymer PTB7‐Th, respectively, the PBDB‐T: F‐M system exhibits a high Voc of 0.98 V and the PTB7‐Th: NOBDT system shows a remarkable Jsc of 19.16 mA cm−2, which demonstrate their potential in the TOSCs. With the guidance of optical simulation, by systematically optimizing the thickness of each layer in the TOSC, an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 14.11%, with a Voc of 1.71 V, a Jsc of 11.72 mA cm−2, and a satisfactory fill factor of 0.70 is achieved; this result is one of the top efficiencies reported to date in the field of organic solar cells.
Atomic Iridium Incorporated in Cobalt Hydroxide for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Catalysis in Neutral Electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Youkui , Wu Chuanqiang , Jiang Hongliang , Lin Yunxiang , Liu Hengjie , He Qun , Chen Shuangming , Duan Tao , Song Li 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in neutral media is extremely crucial for microbial electrolysis cells and electrochemical CO2 reduction. Herein, a facile one‐step approach is developed to synthesize a new type of well‐dispersed iridium (Ir) incorporated cobalt‐based hydroxide nanosheets (nominated as CoIr) for OER. The Ir species as clusters and single atoms are incorporated into the defect‐rich hydroxide nanosheets through the formation of rich Co–Ir species, as revealed by systematic synchrotron radiation based X‐ray spectroscopic characterizations combining with high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy measurement. The optimized CoIr with 9.7 wt% Ir content displays highly efficient OER catalytic performance with an overpotential of 373 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m phosphate buffer solution, significantly outperforming the commercial IrO2 catalysts. Further characterizations toward the catalyst after undergoing OER process indicate that unique Co oxyhydroxide and high valence Ir species with low‐coordination structure are formed due to the high oxidation potentials, which authentically contributes to superior OER performance. This work not only provides a state‐of‐the‐art OER catalyst in neutral media but also unravels the root of the excellent performance based on efficient structural identifications.
Charge‐Trapping‐Induced Non‐Ideal Behaviors in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Un Hio‐Ieng , Cheng Peng , Lei Ting , Yang Chi‐Yuan , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) with impressively high hole mobilities over 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 and electron mobilities over 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 have been reported in the past few years. However, significant non‐ideal electrical characteristics, e.g., voltage‐dependent mobilities, have been widely observed in both small‐molecule and polymer systems. This issue makes the accurate evaluation of the electrical performance impossible and also limits the practical applications of OFETs. Here, a semiconductor‐unrelated, charge‐trapping‐induced non‐ideality in OFETs is reported, and a revised model for the non‐ideal transfer characteristics is provided. The trapping process can be directly observed using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. It is found that such trapping‐induced non‐ideality exists in OFETs with different types of charge carriers (p‐type or n‐type), different types of dielectric materials (inorganic and organic) that contain different functional groups (OH, NH2, COOH, etc.). As fas as it is known, this is the first report for the non‐ideal transport behaviors in OFETs caused by semiconductor‐independent charge trapping. This work reveals the significant role of dielectric charge trapping in the non‐ideal transistor characteristics and also provides guidelines for device engineering toward ideal OFETs.
A Review of Advanced Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tao Tao , Lu Shengguo , Chen Ying 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe rapid development of flexible electronics has triggered extensive efforts to explore matching flexible energy‐storage devices as power sources. Flexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been demonstrated as the current most attractive and versatile energy storage devices for flexible electronics. A series of designs and constructions for flexible LIBs have been investigated in recent years. Particularly, significant progress has been achieved in finding high performance electrolyte and electrode materials, new structural designs, as well as suitable fabrication methods for flexible LIBs. In this review, the recent advances in the exploration of flexible lithium‐ion batteries are summarized and discussed, with special focus on the selectivity of flexible electrode/electrolyte materials, cell structure design, and full cell assembly process. Perspectives for the future development of flexible LIBs are also discussed.