bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ankylosing spondylitis: etiology, pathogenesis, and treatments
Authors: Zhu Wei , He Xuxia , Cheng Kaiyuan , Zhang Linjie , Chen Di , Wang Xiao , Qiu Guixing , Cao Xu , Weng Xisheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis (AS), a common type of spondyloarthropathy, is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that mainly affects spine joints, causing severe, chronic pain; additionally, in more advanced cases, it can cause spine fusion. Significant progress in its pathophysiology and treatment has been achieved in the last decade. Immune cells and innate cytokines have been suggested to be crucial in the pathogenesis of AS, especially human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‑B27 and the interleukin‑23/17 axis. However, the pathogenesis of AS remains unclear. The current study reviewed the etiology and pathogenesis of AS, including genome-wide association studies and cytokine pathways. This study also summarized the current pharmaceutical and surgical treatment with a discussion of future potential therapies.
Conditional disruption of the osterix gene in chondrocytes during early postnatal growth impairs secondary ossification in the mouse tibial epiphysis
Authors: Xing Weirong , Godwin Catrina , Pourteymoor Sheila , Mohan Subburaman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn our previous studies, we have found that the prepubertal increase in thyroid hormone levels induces osterix (Osx) signaling in hypertrophic chondrocytes to transdifferentiate them into osteoblasts. To test if Osx expressed in chondrocytes directly contributes to transdifferentiation and secondary ossification, we generated Osxflox/flox; Col2-Cre-ERT2 mice and knocked out Osx with a single injection of tamoxifen at postnatal day (P) 3 prior to evaluation of the epiphyseal bone phenotype by µCT, histology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) at P21. Vehicle (oil)-treated Osxflox/flox; Col2-Cre-ERT2 and tamoxifen-treated, Cre-negative Osxflox/flox mice were used as controls. µCT analysis of tibial epiphyses revealed that trabecular bone mass was reduced by 23% in the Osx conditional knockout (cKO) compared with control mice. Trabecular number and thickness were reduced by 28% and 8%, respectively, while trabecular separation was increased by 24% in the cKO mice. Trichrome staining of longitudinal sections of tibial epiphyses showed that bone area and bone area adjusted for total area were decreased by 22% and 18%, respectively. IHC studies revealed the presence of abundant Osx-expressing prehypertrophic chondrocytes in the epiphyses of control mice at P10, but not in the cKO mice. Furthermore, expression levels of MMP13, COL10, ALP, and BSP were considerably reduced in the epiphyses of cKO mice. We also found that Osx overexpression in ATDC5 chondrocytes increased expression of Col10, Mmp13, Alp, and Bsp. Our data indicate that Osx expressed in chondrocytes plays a significant role in secondary ossification by regulating expression of genes involved in chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteoblast transdifferentiation.
Dataset of three-dimensional traces of roads
Authors: Ariza-López Francisco Javier , Mozas-Calvache Antonio Tomás , Ureña-Cámara Manuel Antonio , Gil de la Vega Paula 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a dataset consisting of three-dimensional traces, captured by Global Navigation Satellite System techniques with three-dimensional coordinates. It offers 138 traces (69 going and 69 returning), in addition to the actual mean axis of the road determined by precise surveying techniques to be used as ground truth for research activities. These data may serve as a test bed for research on data mining applications related to Global Navigation Satellite System multitraces, particularly the development and testing of algorithms intended for mining mean axis data from road multitraces. The data are suitable for the statistical analysis of both single-trace and multitrace datasets (e.g., outliers and biases).
Does nesfatin-1 influence the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in adult males with obstructive sleep apnoea?
Authors: Batura-Gabryel Halina , Bromińska Barbara , Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia , Cyrańska-Chyrek Ewa , Kuźnar-Kamińska Barbara , Winiarska Hanna , Kostrzewska Magdalena , Zybek-Kocik Ariadna , Hernik Aleksandra , Wrotkowska Elżbieta , Bielawska Lena , Cofta Szczepan , Ruchała Marek 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is growing evidence that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) influences the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis) in men. The aim of the study was to assess the association of nesfatin-1 with HPG axis disturbances in OSA. This is a prospective study with consecutive enrolment. It comprises 72 newly diagnosed OSA patients ((AHI: apnoea-hypopnea index) 18 subjects: 5 ≤ AHI < 15; 24: 15 ≤ AHI < 30; 30: AHI ≥ 30) and a control group composed of 19 patients (AHI < 5). All patients underwent polysomnography and fasting blood collection for nesfatin-1, testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine and glucose. Groups had similar levels of LH, nesfatin-1 and testosterone (p = 0.87; p = 0.24; p = 0.08). Nesfatin-1 was not correlated to LH (p = 0.71), testosterone (p = 0.38), AHI (p = 0.34) or the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (p = 0.69) either in the whole group, or in sub-groups. The study did not reveal any association between the HPG axis and nesfatin-1 in OSA adult males. It is possible that nesfatin-1 is not a mediator of HPG axis disturbances in adult patients with OSA.
Sublethal Pyrethroid Insecticide Exposure Carries Positive Fitness Effects Over Generations in a Pest Insect
Authors: Margus Aigi , Piiroinen Saija , Lehmann Philipp , Tikka Santtu , Karvanen Juha , Lindström Leena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStress tolerance and adaptation to stress are known to facilitate species invasions. Many invasive species are also pests and insecticides are used to control them, which could shape their overall tolerance to stress. It is well-known that heavy insecticide usage leads to selection of resistant genotypes but less is known about potential effects of mild sublethal insecticide usage. We studied whether stressful, sublethal pyrethroid insecticide exposure has within-generational and/or maternal transgenerational effects on fitness-related traits in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and whether maternal insecticide exposure affects insecticide tolerance of offspring. Sublethal insecticide stress exposure had positive within-and transgenerational effects. Insecticide-stressed larvae had higher adult survival and higher adult body mass than those not exposed to stress. Furthermore, offspring whose mothers were exposed to insecticide stress had higher larval and pupal survival and were heavier as adults (only females) than those descending from control mothers. Maternal insecticide stress did not explain differences in lipid content of the offspring. To conclude, stressful insecticide exposure has positive transgenerational fitness effects in the offspring. Therefore, unsuccessful insecticide control of invasive pest species may lead to undesired side effects since survival and higher body mass are known to facilitate population growth and invasion success.
VO2-based switchable radiator for spacecraft thermal control
Authors: Kim Heungsoo , Cheung Kwok , Auyeung Raymond C. Y. , Wilson Donald E. , Charipar Kristin M. , Piqué Alberto , Charipar Nicholas A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDirect calorimetric measurements of a solid state passive switchable radiator for spacecraft thermal control have been performed in a simulated space environment. Dynamic emissivity control is provided by the thermochromic phase change in a multilayer VO2 thin film based resonant absorber. The measured radiated power difference between 300 K and 373 K was 480 W/m2 corresponding to a 7× difference in radiative cooling power. We present theoretical and experimental radiator values for both normal and hemispherical as well the optical properties of VO2 as determined via infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry.
Small RNA profiling in Pinus pinaster reveals the transcriptome of developing seeds and highlights differences between zygotic and somatic embryos
Authors: Rodrigues Andreia S. , Chaves Inês , Costa Bruno Vasques , Lin Yao-Cheng , Lopes Susana , Milhinhos Ana , Van de Peer Yves , Miguel Célia M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRegulation of seed development by small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) is an important mechanism controlling a crucial phase of the life cycle of seed plants. In this work, sRNAs from seed tissues (zygotic embryos and megagametophytes) and from somatic embryos of Pinus pinaster were analysed to identify putative regulators of seed/embryo development in conifers. In total, sixteen sRNA libraries covering several developmental stages were sequenced. We show that embryos and megagametophytes express a large population of 21-nt sRNAs and that substantial amounts of 24-nt sRNAs were also detected, especially in somatic embryos. A total of 215 conserved miRNAs, one third of which are conifer-specific, and 212 high-confidence novel miRNAs were annotated. MIR159, MIR171 and MIR394 families were found in embryos, but were greatly reduced in megagametophytes. Other families, like MIR397 and MIR408, predominated in somatic embryos and megagametophytes, suggesting their expression in somatic embryos is associated with in vitro conditions. Analysis of the predicted miRNA targets suggests that miRNA functions are relevant in several processes including transporter activity at the cotyledon-forming stage, and sulfur metabolism across several developmental stages. An important resource for studying conifer embryogenesis is made available here, which may also provide insightful clues for improving clonal propagation via somatic embryogenesis.
The silencing of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in dendritic cells by siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles enhances cell-based cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Endo Rikito , Nakamura Takashi , Kawakami Kyoko , Sato Yusuke , Harashima Hideyoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCell-based therapy using dendritic cells (DC) represents a potent cancer immunotherapy. However, activated DC express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a counter-regulatory and tolerogenic molecule, leading to the inhibition of T cell activation and the promotion of T cell differentiation into regulatory T cells. Silencing the IDO1 gene in DC by small interfering RNA (siRNA) represents a potent therapeutic strategy. We report on the successful and efficient introduction of a siRNA targeting IDO1 into mouse DCs by a means of a multifunctional envelope-type nanodevice (MEND) containing a YSK12-C4 (YSK12-MEND). The YSK12-C4 has both fusogenic and cationic properties. The YSK12-MEND induced an effective level of gene silencing of IDO1 at siRNA doses in the range of 1–20 nM, a concentration that commercially available transfection reagents are not able to silence. The YSK12-MEND mediated IDO1 silencing had no effect on the characteristic determinants of DC phenotype such as CD11c, CD80 and MHC class II. The silencing of IDO1 in DC by the YSK12-MEND significantly enhanced the antitumor effect against E.G7-OVA tumor. Moreover, a decrease in the numbers of regulatory T cells in the tumor was observed in mice that were treated with the IDO1-silenced DC. The YSK12-MEND appears to be a potent delivery system for IDO1-silenced DC based cancer immunotherapy.
Filter paper supported nZVI for continuous treatment of simulated dyeing wastewater
Authors: Yu Pingping , Yu Haifan , Sun Qisong , Ma Bomou 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, polyacrylic acid modified filter paper (FP/PAA) was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of acrylic acid, which was used as a matrix to chelate nano-scale zero valent iron (nZVI). The loading content of nZVI in the filter paper reached 24.8%. The fabricated composite FP/PAA/nZVI was characterized by SEM, FT-IR and TGA respectively. Moreover, it was used for the removal of methyl blue and methylene blue as model anionic and cationic dyes. The effect of initial dye concentration on decolorization efficiency was investigated. The results showed that FP/PAA/nZVI enhanced the removal of dye from the simulated dye wastewater and the decolorization efficiency exceeded 95% for the dye solutions lower than 20 mg/L. More importantly, the filter paper supported nZVI realized the continuous treatment of simulated dye wastewater by a simple filtration process. This study hopes to serve as a basis for the application of nZVI in textile wastewater treatment.
Relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness/muscular strength and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in brown adipose tissue after exposure to cold in young, sedentary adults
Authors: Martinez-Tellez Borja , Sanchez-Delgado Guillermo , Amaro-Gahete Francisco J. , Acosta Francisco M. , Ruiz Jonatan R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHumans have metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, what is the relation between exercise or physical activity with this tissue remains controversial. Therefore, the main aim of the present study is to examine whether cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength are associated with brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume and activity after exposure to cold in young, sedentary adults. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined in 119 young, healthy, sedentary adults (68% women, age 21.9 ± 2.1 years, body mass index 25 ± 4.8 kg/m2) via the maximum treadmill exercise test, and their muscular strength assessed by the handgrip strength test and the 1-repetition maximum bench and leg press tests. Some days later, all subjects were exposed to 2 h of personalized exposure to cold and their cold-induced BAT volume and activity determined by a combination of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography scan. Cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with neither the BAT volume nor BAT activity (P ≥ 0.05). However, handgrip strength with respect to lean body mass was positively (though weakly) associated with BAT activity as represented by the 18F-FDG mean standardised uptake value (SUV) (β = 3.595, R2 = 0.039, P = 0.031) and SUVpeak value (β = 15.314, R2 = 0.037, P = 0.035). The above relationships remained after adjusting for several confounders. No other associations were found. Handgrip strength with respect to lean body mass is positively associated with BAT activity (SUVmean and SUVpeak) in young adults after exposure to cold - but only weakly. Further studies are needed to reveal the relationship between muscular fitness and human BAT characteristics.
Spatially conserved motifs in complement control protein domains determine functionality in regulators of complement activation-family proteins
Authors: Ojha Hina , Ghosh Payel , Singh Panwar Hemendra , Shende Rajashri , Gondane Aishwarya , Mande Shekhar C. , Sahu Arvind 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRegulation of complement activation in the host cells is mediated primarily by the regulators of complement activation (RCA) family proteins that are formed by tandemly repeating complement control protein (CCP) domains. Functional annotation of these proteins, however, is challenging as contiguous CCP domains are found in proteins with varied functions. Here, by employing an in silico approach, we identify five motifs which are conserved spatially in a specific order in the regulatory CCP domains of known RCA proteins. We report that the presence of these motifs in a specific pattern is sufficient to annotate regulatory domains in RCA proteins. We show that incorporation of the lost motif in the fourth long-homologous repeat (LHR-D) in complement receptor 1 regains its regulatory activity. Additionally, the motif pattern also helped annotate human polydom as a complement regulator. Thus, we propose that the motifs identified here are the determinants of functionality in RCA proteins.
Glutamate transporters: a broad review of the most recent archaeal and human structures
Authors: Pavić Ana , Holmes Alexandra O. M. , Postis Vincent L. G. , Goldman Adrian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Glutamate transporters play important roles in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Their function in the mammalian central nervous system is essential for preventing excitotoxicity, and their dysregulation is implicated in many diseases, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's. Elucidating their transport mechanism would further the understanding of these transporters and promote drug design as they provide compelling targets for understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and may have a direct role in the treatment of conditions involving glutamate excitotoxicity. This review outlines the insights into the transport cycle, uncoupled chloride conductance and modulation, as well as identifying areas that require further investigation.
Neurografie
Authors: Schulte-Mattler Wilhelm , Bischoff Christian 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungBildgebende Verfahren machen der Elektroneurografie scheinbar Konkurrenz, scheinen sie manchenorts in den Hintergrund zu verdrängen. Dies ist zum Schaden der Patienten, da beide Methoden einander vortrefflich ergänzen. Besonders hilfreich ist die Elektroneurografie auch „heute noch“ zum Nachweis und zur Lokalisation von neurogenen Prozessen oder Nervenverletzungen, Nachweis von Demyelinisierung, bei der Ermittlung der Art einer Nervenläsion, Beurteilung des zeitlichen Verlaufs nach einer Nervenläsion, Objektivierung von Läsionen, Diagnostik neuromuskulärer Transmissionsstörungen.
Alte Methoden: Der heutige Stellenwert der Elektroenzephalografie (EEG)
Authors: Noachtar Soheyl , Baumgartner Christoph 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungNach Jahrzehnten Erfahrung des klinischen Einsatzes sind die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des EEGs inzwischen gut einschätzbar. Der klinische Einsatz erfolgt vor allem bei Epilepsien, Encephalopathien und Parasomnien. Die Übergänge zwischen physiologischen Varianten-Mustern und pathologischen EEG Mustern sind altersabhängig und teilweise unscharf. Umso wichtiger ist eine klar strukturierte und systematische EEG-Auswertung, um Über- und Fehlinterpretationen zu vermeiden. Diese Übersicht beleuchtet den heutigen Einsatz der EEG.
Unbeobachtete Sturzereignisse von älteren multimorbiden Patienten – Einsätze mit oft erschwerter Beurteilbarkeit und Fallsteuerung
Authors: Müntefering Gerrit 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der nachfolgenden Kasuistik lassen sich bei der Notfallbehandlung eines gestürzten älteren Patienten nach Erhebung des Erstbefundes in Kenntnis der Vorerkrankungen und aufgrund der präklinischen Verlaufsentwicklung mehrere Verdachtsdiagnosen aus unterschiedlichen medizinischen Teilbereichen stellen. Die Kasuistik macht die Problematik der Multimorbidität im Alter deutlich. Letztendlich ergibt die weitere klinische Diagnostik eine Elektrodendislokation des Herzschrittmachers mit rhythmogener Synkope als führende Sturzursache.
Gesetzliche Anforderungen zur Fortbildungspflicht für Notärzte in Deutschland
Authors: Reifferscheid Florian , Harding Ulf 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungWie in allen Bereichen der Medizin entwickelt sich auch in der Notfallmedizin der Stand von Technik und Wissenschaft, Methoden und Behandlungsstrategien beständig weiter. Im Interesse der Zusammenarbeit in der Notfallmedizin und der Patientenversorgung müssen wir unser Augenmerk nicht nur auf eine gute Grundausbildung der Notärztinnen und Notärzte richten, sondern auch deren Fähigkeiten auf einem aktuellen Stand halten. Während im europäischen Ausland mancherorts kontinuierliche Fortbildung und regelmäßige Rezertifizierung selbstverständliche Bedingung für die Tätigkeit im Notarztdienst sind, genügt hierzulande für eine Teilnahme am Notarztdienst vielfach, einmalig im Berufsleben die Notarztqualifikation erworben zu haben. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es daher, zu analysieren, welche Anforderungen vonseiten der Gesetzgeber an die notärztliche Fortbildung gestellt werden und wie deren Finanzierung vorgesehen ist.
Konstitution und Ernährung – die Ernährungstypen nach F.X. Mayr
Authors: Gündling Peter W. 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungIm heutigen Medizinstudium kommt der Begriff der Konstitution praktisch nicht mehr vor. In der Naturheilkunde dagegen spielt sie noch immer eine wichtige Rolle. Denn wenn die Konstitution in die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Überlegungen mit einbezogen wird, lassen sich die Reaktion des Patienten auf äußere Reize, seine Anfälligkeit gegenüber Krankheiten und Reaktionsfähigkeit auf bestimmte Therapieformen besser abschätzen.Der Konstitutionsbegriff geht auf Hippokrates zurück. Laut Hippokrates hat die Konstitution eines Menschen Einfluss darauf, welche Nahrung und welche Ernährungsform für ihn die bekömmlichste und gesündeste ist. Diesen Gedanken hat auch Dr. Franz Xaver Mayr (1875–1965) aufgegriffen und daraus eine eigene Ernährungslehre entwickelt.
Fülle und Leere im System der Chinesischen Medizin: Zwei Fallbeispiele
Authors: Stör Wolfram 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin werden die Begriffe Fülle und Leere völlig anders verwendet als in der Umgangssprache. Im Wesentlichen entscheidet die Stärke der Lebenskraft Qi darüber, ob die Krankheitssymptome sich als Fülle oder als Leere manifestieren. Die Unterscheidung nach Fülle und Leere ordnet sich in das System der 8 Leitkriterien (Außen – Innen, Hitze – Kälte, Fülle – Leere, Yang – Yin) ein und hilft für die therapeutische Entscheidung: Fülle-Symptome werden mit starken Reizen behandelt, Leere-Symptome mit schwachen Reizen. Zwei Fallbeispiele verdeutlichen das unterschiedliche Vorgehen.
Refresher Histaminintoleranz: Mangel und Überfluss
Authors: Feldhaus Simon 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Histaminintoleranz ist eine vielfach nicht ausreichend bekannte und somit oft unterschätzte Krankheit. Bei korrekter Diagnose und Therapie gelingt es bei den sehr häufig auftretenden sekundären Formen in der Regel jedoch, die Symptome fast gänzlich zum Verschwinden zu bringen. Zentral ist dafür eine konsequente histaminfreie Ernährung kombiniert mit Mikrobiologischer Therapie und orthomolekularer Medizin. Begleitend können Antihistaminika und Mastzellstabilisationen (Chromoglicinsäure) zur Symptomreduktion gegeben werden.In manchen Fällen kann eine Histaminintoleranz ein Leben lang bestehen. Durch die Anpassung der Ernährung und begleitende Therapie lassen sich die Symptome jedoch auch in dieser Situation oft so weit reduzieren, dass die Lebensqualität nicht wesentlich beeinträchtigt ist. Insbesondere bei chronischen Beschwerden im Bereich des Verdauungsapparats, bei Schmerzen, Migräne und bei allergieähnlichen Symptomen ist an eine Histaminintoleranz zu denken und somit diagnostisch abzuklären.