bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Molecule Functionalization Enables Selective Electrochemical Reduction of Dilute CO2 Feedstock
Authors: Wang Bingqing , Wang Xingyu , Wu Bo , Li Peize , Chen Shenghua , Lu Ruihu , Lai Weifei , Shen Yan , Zhuang Zechao , Zhu Jiexin , Wang Ziyun , Wang Dingsheng , Lum Yanwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical conversion of low‐concentration CO2 feedstock to value‐added chemicals and fuels is a promising pathway for achieving direct valorization of waste gas streams. However, this is challenging due to significant competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and lowered CO2 reduction (CO2R) kinetics as compared to systems that employ pure CO2. Here we show that terephthalic acid (TPA) functionalization can boost selectivity towards CO2R and suppress HER over a range of catalysts including Bi, Cu and Zn. For instance, TPA functionalized Bi attained a formate Faradaic efficiency (FEHCOO‐) of 96.3 % at 300 mA cm−2 with pure CO2 feedstock. Density functional theory simulations indicate that this is because TPA functionalization modulates the binding energies of the key reaction intermediates *OCHO and *H. With low‐concentration feedstock (15 % CO2) at 100 mA cm−2, we achieved a high FEHCOO‐ of 85.8 %, which was double that of an unmodified Bi catalyst. Using an electrolyzer with a porous solid electrolyte layer, we successfully showcase 30 h of continuous high‐purity formic acid production with a 5 % CO2 feed. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that molecular tuning of a catalyst can be an effective strategy for enabling selective CO2R using low‐concentration feedstock.
Cooperative Active Sites on Ag2Pt3TiS6 for Enhanced Low‐Temperature Ammonia Fuel Cell Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Tong , Dhaka Kapil , Luo Mengjia , Wang Bingqing , Wang Meng , Xi Shibo , Zhang Mingsheng , Huang Fuqiang , Exner Kai S. , Lum Yanwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmmonia has attracted considerable interest as a hydrogen carrier that can help decarbonize global energy networks. Key to realizing this is the development of low temperature ammonia fuel cells for the on‐demand generation of electricity. However, the efficiency of such systems is significantly impaired by the sluggish ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we report the design of a bifunctional Ag2Pt3TiS6 electrocatalyst that facilitates both reactions at mass activities exceeding that of commercial Pt/C. Through comprehensive density functional theory calculations, we identify that active site motifs composed of Pt and Ti atoms work cooperatively to catalyze ORR and AOR. Notably, in situ shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) experiments indicate a decreased propensity for *NOx formation and hence an increased resistance toward catalyst poisoning for AOR. Employing Ag2Pt3TiS6 as both the cathode and anode, we constructed a low temperature ammonia fuel cell with a high peak power density of 8.71 mW cm−2 and low Pt loading of 0.45 mg cm−2. Our findings demonstrate a pathway towards the rational design of effective electrocatalysts with multi‐element active sites that work cooperatively.
Optically Modulated Nanofluidic Ionic Transistor for Neuromorphic Functions
Authors: Wang Jiao , Jiang Yanan , Xiong Tianyi , Lu Jiahao , He Xiulan , Yu Ping , Mao Lanqun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeuromorphic systems that can emulate the behavior of neurons have garnered increasing interest across interdisciplinary fields due to their potential applications in neuromorphic computing, artificial intelligence and brain‐machine interfaces. However, the optical modulation of nanofluidic ion transport for neuromorphic functions has been scarcely reported. Herein, inspired by biological systems that rely on ions as signal carriers for information perception and processing, we present a nanofluidic transistor based on a metal–organic framework membrane (MOFM) with optically modulated ion transport properties, which can mimic the functions of biological synapses. Through the dynamic modulation of synaptic weight, we successfully replicate intricate learning‐experience behaviors and Pavlovian associate learning processes by employing sequential optical stimuli. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of the International Morse Code with the nanofluidic device using patterned optical pulse signals, showing its encoding and decoding capabilities in information processing process. This study would largely advance the development of nanofluidic neuromorphic devices for biomimetic iontronics integrated with sensing, memory and computing functions.
Versatile Strategy for the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Branched Human Milk Oligosaccharides Containing the Lacto‐N‐Biose Motif
Authors: Tseng Hsin‐Kai , Lee Ting‐Yi , Chiang Yu‐Ching , Kuo Wen‐Hua , Tseng Hsien‐Wei , Wang Hung‐Kai , Ni Chi‐Kung , Lin Chun‐Cheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) exhibit prebiotic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties and confer significant benefits to infants. Branched HMOs are constructed through diverse glycosidic linkages and prominently feature the lacto‐N‐biose (LNB, Gal‐β1,3‐GlcNAc) motif with fucose and/or sialic acid modifications, displaying structural complexity that surpasses that of N‐ and O‐glycans. However, synthesizing comprehensive libraries of branched HMO is challenging due to this complexity. Although a few systematic synthetic strategies have emerged, many of them rely on labor‐intensive chemical methodologies or exploit the substrate specificity of human N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (hGCNT2). In this study, we capitalized on the substrate promiscuities of hGCNT2 and bacterial glycosyltransferases (GTs) to construct a universal tetrasaccharide core in a highly efficient manner. This core was systematically and flexibly extended to generate diverse branched HMOs utilizing the promiscuity of bacterial GTs coupled with N‐trifluoroacetyl glucosamine (GlcNTFA), which facilitated sugar chain elongation. The GlcNTFA residues were subsequently converted into various N‐modified glucosamines through straightforward chemical manipulations to modulate the activities of additional GTs during glycan extension. These masked amino groups were ultimately reverted to N‐acetyl groups, facilitating the synthesis of a broad range of asymmetric and multiantennary HMOs featuring LNB moieties, including many previously inaccessible structures.
Dual Regulation of Sensitizers and Cluster Catalysts in Metal–Organic Frameworks to Boost H2 Evolution
Authors: Guo Song , Pan Chun‐Wei , Hou Min , Hou Yi‐Tong , Yao Shuang , Lu Tong‐Bu , Zhang Zhi‐Ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic efficiency is closely correlated to visible‐light absorption ability, electron transfer efficiency and catalytic center activity of photocatalysts, nevertheless, the concurrent management of these factors to improve photocatalytic efficiency remains underexplored. Herein, we proposed a sensitizer/catalyst dual regulation strategy on the polyoxometalate@Metal−Organic Framework (POM@MOF) molecular platform to construct highly efficient photocatalysts. Impressively, Ni−Sb9@UiO−Ir−C6, obtained by coupling strong sensitizing [Ir(coumarin 6)2(bpy)]+ with Ni−Sb9 POM with extremely exposed nickel site [NiO3(H2O)3], can drive H2 evolution with a turnover number of 326923, representing a record value among all the POM@MOF composite photocatalysts. This performance is over 34 times higher than that of the typical Ni4P2@UiO−Ir constructed from [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)]+ and Ni4P2 POM. Systematical investigations revealed that dual regulation of sensitizing and catalytic centers endowed Ni−Sb9@UiO−Ir−C6 with strong visible‐light absorption, efficient inter‐component electron transfer and high catalytic activity to concurrently promote H2 evolution. This work opens up a new avenue to develop highly active POM@MOF photocatalysts by dual regulation of sensitizing/catalytic centers at the molecular level.
Pressure‐Engineered Through‐Space Conjugation for Precise Control of Clusteroluminescence
Authors: Wang Yayun , Xiong Zuping , Wang Yanan , Li Aisen , Fang Yuanyuan , Li Lei , Wang Kai , Li Qian , Zhang Haoke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClusteroluminogens (CLgens) represent an innovative class of nonconjugated luminophores that address the limitations of conventional π‐conjugated molecules. Different from the through‐bond conjugation mechanism in π‐conjugated luminophores, through‐space conjugation (TSC) plays dominant roles in CLgens. However, precisely controlling TSC to customize the optical properties of CLgens remains a significant challenge. This work proposes a novel strategy of high pressure to engineer TSC within tetraphenylalkanes (TPAs)‐based CLgens at molecular level. High‐pressure exploration enables accurate manipulation of clusteroluminescence and elucidates the intrinsic structure–property relationships involved. Upon initial compression, the predominant molecular distortions marked by increased interfacial angles between benzene rings diminish TSC, resulting in anomalous hypochromatic shift in emission. Subsequently, considerable structural contraction enhances TSC and suppresses molecular motion, resulting in a pronouncedly enhanced and bathochromic‐shifted emission. Notably, a series of TPAs‐based CLgens exhibit intense white‐light emission upon pressure release, attributed to irreversible structural distortion and destruction. This study not only advances the understanding of CLgens, but also underscores the crucial structural factors for effective TSC control, paving the way for establishing new photophysical theories for aggregate science.
Green Synthesis and Biological Study of Novel Cyclopenta[b]pyrrolizine: One‐Pot Multicomponent Reactions via Ag/Fe3O4@MWCNTs
Authors: Iravani Nasir 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, the cyclopenta[b]pyrrolizine was produced via using a nanocatalyst consisting of Ag/Fe3O4@MWCNTs in a multicomponent reaction that involved 2‐arylidenemalononitrile, ethyl 2‐amino‐4‐dioxo‐4‐arylbutanoates, alkyl bromides, and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. The reaction was conducted in water at room temperature, resulting in the synthesis of new compounds. The synthesized compounds demonstrate antioxidant activity due to the occurrence of assessment procedures on its OH group. Moreover, an assessment was conducted on the antibacterial efficacy of recently synthesized pyridines using a disk diffusion method, employing two distinct strains of Gram‐negative bacteria. Notably, the tested compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on the growth of Gram‐positive bacteria as well.
Addressing a Labor and Delivery Unit Practice Gap Through a Count Sheet Revision
Authors: Caputo Amy L. , Faust Kristi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnintentionally retained surgical items are never events that can be costly to patients and health care facilities. A labor and delivery unit quality improvement team at a southwestern Pennsylvania facility identified an opportunity for improvement associated with preventing retained surgical items. After reviewing the available literature, they identified a practice gap and decided to revise the count sheet. They standardized the existing sheet, shared it with frontline nurses for feedback and approval, and submitted it to leaders and the hospital's Forms Committee for approval. After an adequate quantity of the revised sheet was available for use, one member of the improvement team provided an educational session for nurses with practice time to use the revised count sheet. The team implemented the revised sheet and monitored compliance with its use. Compliance during and after the transition was 100%, and nurses provided positive feedback associated with using the revised sheet.
Caring for Patients With Pheochromocytomas in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Criscitelli Theresa M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPheochromocytomas are rare, complex catecholamine‐secreting tumors of the adrenal medulla. Patients with pheochromocytomas may experience episodes of life‐threatening hypertension, and untreated tumors can be fatal. The nonspecific signs and symptoms (eg, headaches, palpitations, sweating) make diagnosing these tumors difficult. A comprehensive patient history, clinical evaluation during episodic hypertension, and biochemical test results can facilitate a definitive diagnosis. The only curative treatment is minimally invasive tumor removal. Because the tumor may recur, patients require follow‐up visits for approximately 10 years after surgery. Preoperative evaluations can include cardiac and imaging studies and genetic testing. Preoperative preparation involves controlling hypertension and planning for hypotension after tumor removal. Perioperative nurses should be prepared to assist anesthesia professionals with placing invasive hemodynamic monitors and responding to blood pressure changes. An interdisciplinary team can create a guideline or protocol for nurses to follow to enhance outcomes when caring for patients with pheochromocytomas.
Unveiling Electron‐Phonon and Electron‐Magnon Interactions in the Weak Itinerant Ferromagnet LaCo2P2
Authors: Usachov D. Yu. , Ali K. , Poelchen G. , Mende M. , Schulz S. , Peters M. , Bokai K. , Sklyadneva I. Yu. , Stolyarov V. , Chulkov E. V. , Kliemt K. , Paischer S. , Buczek P. A. , Heid R. , Hempel F. , Ruesing M. , Ernst A. , Krellner C. , Eremeev S. V. , Vyalikh D. V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStudying and understanding many‐body interactions, particularly electron‐boson interactions, is essential for a deeper elucidation of fundamental physical phenomena and the development of novel material functionalities. Here, this aspect is explored in the weak itinerant ferromagnet LaCo2P2 by means of momentum‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and first‐principles calculations. The detailed ARPES patterns enable to unveil bulk and surface bands, spin splittings due to Rashba and exchange interactions, as well as the evolution of bands with temperature, which altogether creates a solid foundation for theoretical studies. The latter has allowed to establish the impact of electron‐boson interactions on the electronic structure, that are reflected in its strong renormalization driven by electron‐magnon interaction and the emergence of distinctive kinks of surface and bulk electron bands due to significant electron‐phonon coupling. Our results highlight the distinct impact of electron‐boson interactions on the electronic structure, particularly on the itinerant d states. Similar electronic states are observed in the isostructural iron pnictides, where electron‐boson interactions play a crucial role in the emergence of superconductivity. It is believed that further studies of material systems involving both magnetically active d‐ and f‐sublattices will reveal more advanced phenomena in the bulk and at distinct surfaces, driven by a combination of factors including Rashba and Kondo effects, exchange magnetism, and electron‐boson interactions.
A review of the non‐semiaquatic adaptations of extinct crocodylomorphs throughout their fossil record
Authors: Pochat‐Cottilloux Yohan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCrocodylomorphs constitute a clade of archosaurs that have thrived since the Mesozoic until today and have survived numerous major biological crises. Contrary to historic belief, their semiaquatic extant representatives (crocodylians) are not living fossils, and, during their evolutionary history, crocodylomorphs have evolved to live in a variety of environments. This review aims to summarize the non‐semiaquatic adaptations (i.e., either terrestrial or fully aquatic) of different groups from different periods, highlighting how exactly those different lifestyles are inferred for those animals, with regard to their geographic and temporal distribution and phylogenetic relationships. The ancestral condition for Crocodylomorpha seems to have been a terrestrial lifestyle, linked with several morphological adaptations such as an altirostral skull, long limbs allowing a fully erect posture and a specialized dentition for diets based on land. However, some members of this clade, such as thalattosuchians and dyrosaurids display adaptations for an opposite, aquatic lifestyle, interestingly inferred from the same type of morphological observations. Finally, new techniques for inferring the paleobiology of those extinct animals have been put forward in the last decade, appearing as a complementary approach to traditional morphological descriptions and comparisons. Such is the case of paleoneuroanatomical (CT scan data), histological, and geochemical studies.
Functional and phylogenetic signals in the pectoral girdle of Thalattosuchia and Dyrosauridae (Crocodylomorpha)
Authors: Scavezzoni Isaure , Johnson Michela M. , Jouve Stéphane , Fischer Valentin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCrocodylomorphs have colonized various environments from fully terrestrial to fully aquatic, making it an important clade among archosaurs. A remarkable example of the rich past diversity of Crocodylomorpha Hay, 1930 is the marine colonization undergone by several crocodylomorph lineages, particularly Thalattosuchia Fraas, 1901 during the Early Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, and Dyrosauridae de Stefano, 1903 during the Late Cretaceous–Early Eocene. Thalattosuchia represents the most impressive and singular marine radiation among Crocodylomorpha, occupying various ecological niches, before enigmatically disappearing in the Cretaceous. Dyrosauridae, on the other hand, is known for surviving the end‐Cretaceous mass extinction in abundance but subsequently vanished. The evolutionary path undertaken by crocodylomorphs into the aquatic environments and the reasons for their disappearance outside marine extinction events during the Mesozoic remains a mystery. Despite a well‐preserved fossil record, attention has primarily centered on craniodental adaptations, overlooking the swimming‐related adaptations recorded in the postcranial skeleton. This research primarily involves a comprehensive examination of the pectoral girdle of the most representative members of Thalattosuchia and Dyrosauridae, highlighting their evolutionary trajectories over time. Additionally, this work aims to test the phylogenetic signal residing in the postcranial anatomy of Crocodylomorpha. As such, the most recent and complete Crocodylomorpha phylogenetic dataset has been repurposed: 42 new postcranial characters have been added and several others have been revised to address our phylogenetic question. We stress that postcranial anatomy constitutes an important tool supply to better understand the relations of extinct crocodyliforms, but also offers insights on their development, ecology, and biomechanics.
Incorporating structured metacognitive training into an undergraduate anatomy classroom
Authors: Ruth Aidan A. , Dzara Kristina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetacognition includes the processes that learners use to plan, monitor, and assess their learning and is tied to academic performance and growth‐oriented attitudes toward learning. Learning anatomy presents challenges to learners at all levels, and for many, necessitates a change in learning strategies and metacognitive awareness. We sought to examine whether structured metacognitive training situated in an undergraduate anatomy course could improve these skills. At the beginning and end of the course, students completed the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) and several short free response questions. Individually matched pre‐and post‐course MAI scores were compared using paired‐sample t‐tests. The authors conducted a directed content analysis for the free response questions using the “knowledge of cognition” (KC) and “regulation of cognition” (RC) domains and their associated subcategories. All three KC subcategories showed statistically significant increases from pre‐ to post‐course questionnaires. Effect sizes were small to moderate. Only two of five RC subcategories showed significant differences between pre‐ and post‐course questionnaires: Information Management strategies and Evaluation. Directed content analysis revealed that students displayed an increase in metacognitive knowledge, particularly in the KC domain. Although RC developed for some learners, others also had insightful comments about challenges in this area—particularly regarding planning, motivation, and focus while learning independently. These results show that metacognitive training in an undergraduate anatomy course can improve students' metacognitive awareness. However, more targeted, specific strategies may be useful to develop students' metacognitive regulation.
Enhanced Performance via End‐Group Alteration of Benzodithiophene‐Based Donors for Organic Solar Cells: a Theoretical Study
Authors: Liu Kai‐Xin , Yang Jie , Li Quan‐Song 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDonor in organic solar cells (OSCs) is essential for promoting charge transport and enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this work, five new donors M1–M5 were designed by changing the end group to 3‐hexyl‐2,4‐dithiothiazolidine, dicyano‐hexylrhodanine, 1,1‐dicyanomethylene‐3‐indanone, 1,3‐indenedione and 1,1‐dicyano‐5,6‐difluoroindanone, respectively. The optoelectronic properties of the six donors and their interfacial properties with the well‐known acceptor Y6 were studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). The calculation results show that the absorption ranges of M1–M5 in the visible light region are expanded, the red shift degrees of M1 and M3 are obvious (73 nm, 63 nm), and the light absorption abilities are obviously improved. The hole migration efficiency of M2, M4 and M5 is improved, which is beneficial to improve the charge transfer efficiency. The proportion of charge transfer states at the M1/Y6 and M4/Y6 interfaces increased by 7.5 % and 2.5 %, respectively. Moreover, the charge transfer states generated at the M1/Y6 interface through the intermolecular electric field mechanism and hot exciton mechanism are more dominant. Our calculation results not only provide several potential small molecule donors for experimental synthesis, but also have certain reference value for understanding the charge transfer mechanism at the donor/acceptor (D/A) interface.
Synthesis and Properties of 5,15‐Dioxaporphyrin Bearing Various meso‐Aryl Substituents
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Tsutsumi Taiyou , Mori Shigeki , Ide Yuki , Ikeue Takahisa , Shimizu Soji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, a scope of meso‐substituents for the synthesis of 5,15‐dioxaporphyrins (DOPs), a novel antiaromatic porphyrinoid, was investigated. DOPs with various types of aryl substituents were synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of nickel bis(α,α’‐dibromodipyrrin) complexes bearing corresponding meso‐aryl substituents and subsequent intramolecular annulation reaction of β‐hydroxy‐substituted intermediates. Using a copper dipyrrin complex instead of nickel complexes, a copper complex of DOP was synthesized for the first time. The meso‐substituents did not significantly alter the antiaromaticity of DOPs but affected crystal packing diagrams and oxidation behaviors; DOPs with less sterically hindering para‐substituted phenyl or 2‐thienyl substituents formed mutual stacking in the crystal structures, whereas the covalently β‐β linked dimer species was generated during the electrochemical oxidation of those kinds of DOPs.