bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of literacy with diabetes indicators in older adults
Authors: Lamar Melissa , Wilson Robert S , Yu Lei , James Bryan D , Stewart Christopher C , Bennett David A , Boyle Patricia A 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundLiteracy, the ability to access, understand and utilise information and concepts from diverse sources in ways that promote good outcomes is key to successful ageing. Domain-specific health and financial literacy are particularly relevant to older adults as they face increasingly complex health and financial demands including those related to chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes. We therefore investigated the associations of literacy, including health and financial literacy, with diabetes indicators (ie, haemoglobin A1c and blood glucose) in a community-based cohort study of ageing.MethodsParticipants were 908 non-demented older adults (age ~81 years;75% women) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Literacy was measured using questions designed to assess comprehension of health and financial information and concepts and yielded a total score and domain-specific health and financial literacy scores. Non-fasting haemoglobin A1c and blood glucose samples were collected, participants were queried about diabetes status and medications for diabetes were visually inspected and coded. Participants also underwent a cognitive assessment, medical history and depressive symptom screening.ResultsIn separate multivariable linear regression models, total (p values <0.03) and health (p values <0.009) literacy were inversely associated with haemoglobin A1c and blood glucose levels after adjusting for age, sex, education, hypertension, global cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms. Financial literacy was inversely associated with haemoglobin A1c levels in adjusted models (p=0.04). Sensitivity analyses conducted among individuals without diabetes revealed similar results.ConclusionLower literacy levels are associated with higher diabetes indicators, particularly haemoglobin A1c which is suggestive of longer-term glycaemic instability.
Emergency medical systems education may improve knowledge of pre-hospital stroke triage protocols
Authors: DiBiasio Eleanor L , Jayaraman Mahesh V , Oliver Lori , Paolucci Gino , Clark Michael , Watkins Cristina , DeLisi Karen , Wilks Ann , Yaghi Shadi , Hemendinger Morgan , Baird Grayson L , Oostema J Adam , McTaggart Ryan A 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundFollowing the results of randomized clinical trials supporting the use of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with tissue plasminogen activator for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), our state Stroke Task Force convened to: update legislation to recognize differences between Primary Stroke Centers (PSCs) and Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs); and update Emergency Medical Services (EMS) protocols to triage direct transport of suspected ELVO patients to CSCs.PurposeWe developed a single-session training curriculum for EMS personnel focused on the Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) score, its use to correctly triage patients as CSC-appropriate in the field, and our state-wide EMS stroke protocol. We assessed the effect of our training on EMS knowledge.MethodsWe assembled a focus group to develop a training curriculum and assessment questions that would mimic real-life conditions under which EMS personnel operate. Ten questions were formulated to assess content knowledge before and after training, and scores were compared using generalized mixed models.ResultsTraining was provided for 179 EMS providers throughout the state.Average pre-test score was 52.4% (95% CI 49% to 56%). Average post-test score was 85.6% (83%–88%, P<0.0001). Each of the 10 questions was individually assessed and all showed significant gains in EMS knowledge after training (P<0.0001).ConclusionsA brief educational intervention results in substantial improvements in EMS knowledge of prehospital stroke severity scales and severity-based field triage protocols. Further study is needed to establish whether these gains in knowledge result in improved real-world performance.
Usual adult occupation and risk of prostate cancer in West African men: the Ghana Prostate Study
Authors: Adler Colin , Friesen Melissa C , Yeboah Edward D , Tettey Yao , Biritwum Richard B , Adjei Andrew A , Tay Evelyn , Okyne Victoria , Mensah James E , Truelove Ann , Yang Baiyu , Kelly Scott P , Zhou Cindy Ke , McCullough Lauren E , Pardo Larissa , Hoover Robert N , Hsing Ann W , Cook Michael B , Koutros Stella 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesEstablished prostate cancer (PCa) risk factors include age, family history of PCa and African ancestry. Studies, mostly among highly screened, predominantly European ancestral populations, suggest that employment in certain occupations (eg, farming, military) may also have an increased risk for PCa. Here, we evaluated the association between usual adult occupation and PCa risk in Ghanaian men, a population with historically low rates of PCa screening.MethodsThe Ghana Prostate Study is a case-control study of PCa that was conducted from 2004 to 2012 in 749 cases and 964 controls. In-person interviews were conducted to collect information from participants, including longest held job. Industrial hygienists classified job titles into occupational categories. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs for the association between longest held job and PCa risk (overall, aggressive (Gleason≥7)), controlling for potential confounders.ResultsRisk was increased among men in management (overall PCa OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.2; aggressive PCa OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.5) and military occupations (overall PCa OR=3.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 7.0; aggressive PCa OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.5 to 8.3). Risks were also elevated for management and military-specific jobs based on 3-digit level Standard Occupational Classification definitions. Sensitivity analyses accounting for access to medical care did not show significant differences.ConclusionsOur study provides some evidence for increased risk of PCa among men in management and military occupations, which is consistent with the published literature. Additional research is needed to clarify the drivers of the associations between these occupations and PCa.
Study of anharmonicity in pure and doped InSe by Raman scattering
Authors: Zolfaghari Mahmoud 
Published: December 2018

With the help of temperature dependence, Raman scattering anharmonic effect of various modes of layered semiconductor InSe over temperature range of 20–650 K has been studied. It was found that with an increase in temperature, anharmonicity will increase. Two and three phonons coupling with optical phonon, are used to describe temperature-induced anharmonicity in the linewidth of Raman modes. It was found that the temperature variation of the phonon parameter can be accounted for well by the cubic term in anharmonic model. To describe line-center shift of Raman modes, a model not considering independently cubic and quartic anharmonicity was used. A similar study has been done for InSe doped with different concentration of GaS dopant. The result of temperature study of InSe doped with GaS revealed that in this case anharmonicity increases with an increase in dopant and an increase in temperature.
Politics and Virtue: Radical Orthodoxy and Wisdom for the Common Good
Authors: Cowdell Scott 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article reflects on political virtue in conversation with an influential manifesto from English Radical Orthodoxy: The Politics of Virtue, by John Milbank and Adrian Pabst. They see social and economic liberalism as destroying a sustaining metaphysics of communal abiding, with classical and Judaeo-Christian roots. They commend an ‘alternative modern’ version of this past, albeit through British and European political traditions and arrangements preserving elements of its ‘conservative socialism.’ Yet they undersell the spiritual capacities of secular modernity, also the political virtue of principled, non-ideological pragmatism. And they oversell the actual pacific character of that idealised past, since such closed worlds required the discrete use of violence to maintain order and boundaries. A more mainstream Christian account of political virtue today would see liberal autonomy augmented by a revived communitarianism, along with the civilizing of global capital.
Reading Karl Barth in Myanmar: The Significance of His Political Theology for a Public Theology in Myanmar
Authors: Moe David Thang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article pays particular attention to the three themes in Barth’s macro-political theology and their contextual significance for a micro-political theology for Myanmar. First, I explore Barth’s renewed doctrine of political Lordship in response to the traditional doctrine of two kingdoms. Second, I examine his hermeneutics of the dialectical relation between church and state and the ethical role of the church in the sociopolitical situation in the light of his theological document of the Barmen Declaration against the evil of Nazism and the errors of the church. Finally, I seek to show how Barth’s political theology and liberation theology are convergent and divergent in their synthetic goals of transforming unjust rulers and liberating the oppressed, reforming and renewing the ethnic church, and establishing an embracive and reconciled community in Myanmar.
The aphid fauna (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphidomorpha) of Murmansk province (Russia), with description of Aphis khrulevi sp. nov. and Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov. and males of Chaitophorus nigricantis Pintera, 1987
Authors: STEKOLSHCHIKOV ANDREY V. , BUGA SERGEY V. 
Published: December 2018

An updated aphid (Hemiptera, Aphidomorpha) check-list of Murmansk province (European Russia) is presented, it includes 162 species. Chaitophorus nigricantis Pintera, 1987, Schizaphis nigerrima (Hille Ris Lambers), Hyperomyzus (Neonasonovia) zirnitsi Hille Ris Lambers, Nasonovia (Kakimia) vannesii Stenseth, Plocamaphis flocculosa goernitzi Börner and Schizaphis graminum gigjai Stroyan are recorded for the first time from Russia. Both apterous and alate males of Chaitophorus nigricantis nigricantis Pintera are described. Two new aphid species are described: Aphis khrulevi sp. nov. from fundatrices and apterous viviparous females, living on Veronica longifolia and Dysaphis karyakini sp. nov. from apterous and alate viviparous females, oviparous females and males, living on Cenolophium denudatum. Comments about the distribution and biology of aphids in this Northern part of Europe, and on the completeness of the list are given.
New species of Corotoca Schiødte, 1853 from South America and description of first instar larva
Authors: ZILBERMAN BRUNO , CASARI SÔNIA A. 
Published: December 2018

Corotoca Schiødte, 1853 is a Neotropical genus of termitophile beetles, with five species. The establishment of this genus marks the first record of insects living associated to termites. A new species, Corotoca pseudomelantho Zilberman, sp. nov. from Brazil and Argentina, based on adult and first larval instar, is described and illustrated. The first instar larva of C. melantho Schiødte, 1853, a related species, is redescribed and illustrated. This is the first record of Corotoca species from Argentina.
The Sniffin’ Sticks Odor Discrimination Memory Test: A Rapid, Easy-to-Use, Reusable Procedure for Testing Olfactory Memory
Authors: Besser Gerold , Jobs Leandra , Liu David Tianxiang , Mueller Christian A. , Renner Bertold 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Neurodegenerative diseases can alter odor memory in addition to inducing quantitative impairment, and olfactory memory can be tested using the validated olfactory memory test with encapsulated odors (Odor Discrimination Memory Test [ODMT]). The aim of this study was to investigate the new Sniffin’ Sticks ODMT (SSODMT), which is comparable with the ODMT. Methods: The SSODMT was administered to 48 subjects (30 women, 18 men; mean age, 34.6 ± 16.3 years). Olfactory function was assessed using the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks Identification Test. The ODMT was administered to a subgroup of 10 subjects to assess the comparability of the SSODMT and the ODMT. Test-retest reliability was studied in another 20 subjects (10 women, 10 men; mean age, 32.9 ± 16.4 years). Results: The mean SSODMT score was 10.7 ± 1.8 (range, 5-12). SSODMT test scores were significantly correlated with Sniffin’ Sticks Identification Test scores ( r67 = 0.66, P < .001) and were significantly negatively correlated with subject age ( r48 = −0.70, P < .001). SSODMT and ODMT scores were highly and significantly correlated, indicating that the test results were comparable ( r10 = 0.75, P < .05). Test-retest analysis revealed a significant correlation ( r20 = 0.68, P < .001). Conclusions: These results demonstrate the usefulness of the new SSODMT and its comparability with the ODMT. The SSODMT is an easy, rapid, and low-cost tool that is suitable for routine use in evaluating odor memory.
(Un)safe sex in James Bond films: what chance for sex education?
Authors: Zegers Lara DA , Zegers Richard HC 
Published: December 2018

Background and aims Many women in Bond films make love to James Bond (alias 007). Our objective was to quantify the practice of (un)safe sex in Bond films. Methods and results All 24 Bond films were watched together by the authors and the following data were recorded: if the women had sex with 007, whether the women consumed any alcohol before they had sex, whether contraceptives were mentioned and/or used by 007 or the women and whether the women survived the film. Bond had sexual relations with a total of 58 different women. Twenty-two percent of the women had consumed alcohol. In none of the films was any type of contraception mentioned or used. A total of 28% women did not survive the film. Conclusion If he were real, Bond outnumbers the British men at least fivefold when it comes to the number of sexual partners over a lifetime. Nevertheless, over time casual sex is becoming less frequent for 007. Sexually transmitted diseases, safe sex and (unwanted) pregnancies seem not to exist in the films. Some suggestions were made to promote safe sex in future Bond films as movies can play an important role in sex education.
Surgical nurses’ knowledge and practices about informed consent
Authors: Akyüz Elif , Bulut Hülya , Karadağ Mevlüde 
Published: December 2018

Background: Informed consent involves patients being informed, in detail, of information relating to diagnosis, treatment, care and prognosis that relates to him or her. It also involves the patient explicitly demonstrating an understanding of the information and a decision to accept or decline the intervention. Nurses in particular experience problems regarding informed consent. Research question and design: This descriptive study was designed to determine nurse knowledge and practices regarding their roles and responsibilities for informed consent in Turkey. The research was performed using 92 nurses who work at the surgical clinics. Data collection form was prepared by the researchers with assistance from the literature, and the data were evaluated by the SPSS 12.0 data analysis program. Ethical consideration: This study was approved by the Medicine and Health Sciences Research and Ethics Committee of the university. Written consent was received from the nurses. Findings: Among the nurses who participated in this study, 39.1% indicated that they were responsible for obtaining informed consent. It was also found that 90.2% of the nurses informed patients before providing nursing interventions and 32.6% of the nurses obtained consent from patients, and 90.0% of the nurses who indicated that they obtain patient consent only obtain verbal consent. Among all of the nurses, 21.7% agreed that informed consent needs to be obtained in order to protect the medical staff legally. Discussion: It is argued that a lack of official procedures at hospitals regarding informed consent and insufficient information being provided to healthcare providers has caused problems regarding informed consent. Conclusion: The nurses in this study lacked information regarding their role in obtaining informed consent from patients and they often performed incomplete and/or incorrect practices within the framework of their required role. It is believed that an increased level of education along with the creation of official policies and procedures would contribute towards solving these problems.
Twenty-Five Percent Dextrose and EBM in Pain Relief During Heel Lance in Late Preterm Babies Using the PIPP Score: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rawal Sandeep , Ghai Anirudh , Jindal Tarsem 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To compare the analgesic effect of 25% dextrose and expressed breast milk (EBM) in pain relief during heel lance in late preterm babies using the premature infant pain profile (PIPP) score. Study Design: Prospective, double blind, randomized controlled trial. Setting: The neonatal intensive care unit of Jaipur Golden Hospital, Rohini, Delhi. Participants: One-hundred eleven late preterm babies who required heel lancing for glycemic control and who were on oral feeds and were hemodynamically stable. Methodology: The babies were randomized into 2 intervention groups (25% dextrose and EBM) and control group (sterile water). The test solution of 2mL was given to baby 2 minutes before heel lancing. The facial response to pain (brow bulge, eye squeeze, and nasolabial furrow) was analyzed from the video. Maximum heart rate (HR) and minimum blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were also recorded at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 1.5 minutes, and 2.5 minutes after heel lancing by another camera. Outcome Variable: PIPP score, HR, SpO2 at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 1.5 minutes, and 2.5 minutes after heel lancing. Results: A total of 63 babies were considered for final analysis with 21 each in the 25% dextrose, EBM, and sterile water groups. The mean PIPP score in the 25% dextrose, EBM, and control groups at 30 seconds were 4.52, 6.86, and 10.14, respectively ( P < .001). At 1 minute, the PIPP scores were 3.24, 5.14, and 8.24, respectively, for the 25% dextrose, EBM, and control groups ( P < .001). Twenty-five percent dextrose gave better pain relief than EBM. Mean difference between the PIPP score in the 25% dextrose and EBM groups was –2.34 and –1.9 at 30 seconds and 1 minute, respectively, after the painful procedure ( P = .001). Babies in intervention groups had less increase in HR and less decrease in SpO2. Conclusions: Twenty-five percent dextrose and EBM significantly reduced procedural pain in neonates, though pain relief was better in the 25% dextrose group as compared to the EBM group.
Acute Kidney Injury in Perinatal Asphyxia: Comparison Between Term and Preterm Neonates
Authors: Malhotra Preeti , Syal Simran Kaur , Singh Ankush , Thapar Karuna 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To investigate asphyxiated neonates for acute kidney injury, compare the occurrence between preterms and terms and to correlate the severity and type of renal injury with the degree of asphyxia and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) grading. Materials and Methods: Renal functions were assessed using urine output and biochemical parameters such as blood urea, serum creatinine, serum sodium, potassium, and calcium. These were evaluated on alternate days till day 7 or recovery or death. Results: Total 108 asphyxiated neonates were enrolled: 63 term and 45 preterm. A total of 28 (25.9%) developed acute kidney injury: 9 (32.1%) had oliguric acute renal injury and the rest 19 (67.8%) had nonoliguric acute renal injury. A total of 77.7% neonates had a prerenal cause and the other 22.2% had an intrinsic cause for the kidney injury. Levels of blood urea and serum creatinine were maximally elevated on day 5 of life. Biochemical derangements correlated well with the Apgar score at birth and severity of HIE. No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of renal injury between preterm and term asphyxiated neonates. Conclusion: Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of renal injury in neonates. A majority of neonates had nonoliguric and pre renal type of acute kidney injury. The more severe the degree of asphyxia, the more prone they were to develop renal complications.
Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis Mimicking as Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Case Series of 5 Neonates
Authors: Athwani Vivek Kumar , Sharma Pardeep Kumar , Mahal Tania , Kaur Bhupinder 
Published: December 2018

Background: Gastrointestinal mucormycosis (GIM) is a rare potentially lethal fungal infection in neonates associated with rapid progression and high mortality. Case Characteristics: We herein report 2 preterm and 3 term cases of GIM; all term neonates had perinatal asphyxia. All cases were preoperatively diagnosed as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Observation: All cases underwent laparotomy, and the diagnosis of GIM was made on postoperative histopathological examination. Results: Asphyxia might be an important risk factor for mucormycosis in term neonates, and to improve outcome, a high index of suspicion of GIM should be kept in cases of NEC in neonates, especially in term neonates.
Value Added Tax and Informality: Determinants of Registration of Enterprises under State VAT in India
Authors: Mukherjee Sacchidananda , Rao R. Kavita 
Published: December 2018

Unincorporated enterprises often bypass formal regulations in general and taxation in particular. Bringing unincorporated enterprises under the taxation system is a challenge often faced by tax administrators, and it is in this regard that the present study explores the factors which influence the decision of unincorporated enterprises to register with the state value added tax (VAT)/sales tax authority across states in India. This analysis is limited to the decision regarding registration. It is not necessary that enterprises that are registered pay taxes and/or file returns—however, the process of registration does provide some information to the tax department for follow ups. The study throws up some interesting results for policymakers and tax administrators. JEL Classification: H25, H32, H26, L53