bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal immigrant status and signs of neurodevelopmental problems in early childhood: The French representative ELFE birth cohort
Authors: Schmengler Heiko , El‐Khoury Lesueur Fabienne , Yermachenko Anna , Taine Marion , Cohen David , Peyre Hugo , Saint‐Georges Catherine , Thierry Xavier , Melchior Maria 
Published: August 2019

A growing body of evidence suggests that children of immigrants may have increased risks of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, evidence based on parent report and on very young children is lacking. We therefore investigated the association between maternal immigrant status and early signs of neurodevelopmental problems in a population‐based sample of 2‐year‐old children using standardized parent‐report instruments. We used data from the French representative Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance birth cohort, initiated in 2011. The study sample included 9,900 children of nonimmigrant French, 1,403 children of second, and 1,171 children of first generation immigrant women followed‐up to age 2 years. Neurodevelopment was assessed using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT) and an adaptation of the MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB‐CDI). In fully adjusted linear regression models, maternal immigrant status was associated with M‐CHAT scores, with stronger associations in children of first (β‐coefficient: 0.19; 95% CI 0.08–0.29) than second generation immigrants (0.09; 0.01–0.17). This association was especially strong among children of first generation immigrant mothers native of North Africa (vs. nonimmigrant French: 0.33; 0.16–0.49) and French‐speaking Sub‐Saharan Africa (0.26; 0.07–0.45). MB‐CDI scores were lowest among children of first generation immigrant mothers, particularly from mostly non‐francophone regions. Children of first generation immigrant mothers were most likely to have simultaneously low MB‐CDI and high M‐CHAT scores. Our findings suggest that maternal immigrant status is associated with early signs of neurodevelopmental difficulties, with strong variations according to maternal region of origin. Further research is necessary to test whether these associations persist and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1845–1859. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe asked immigrant and nonimmigrant mothers in France about early signs of neurodevelopmental problems in their 2‐year‐old children. Overall, we found that children of immigrants may be at higher risk of showing these early warning signs, as compared to children of nonimmigrants. This is in line with previous studies, which were based on doctors' diagnoses at later ages. However, our results differed depending on the mothers' regions of origin. We found the highest risks in children of first generation immigrants from North and French‐speaking Sub‐Saharan Africa, who also seemed especially at risk of neurodevelopmental problems combined with low language development.
Cooperation and coordination across cultures and contexts: Individual, sociocultural, and contextual factors jointly influence decision making in the volunteer's dilemma game
Authors: Olivola Christopher Y. , Kim Yeonjeong , Merzel Avraham , Kareev Yaakov , Avrahami Judith , Ritov Ilana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhat factors promote or hinder volunteering within organizations and groups? This paper simultaneously explores the impact of individual, contextual, and sociocultural variables on decision making in a special type of social dilemma: the volunteer's dilemma game (VDG). The VDG provides a controlled experimental method for studying volunteering behaviors in an anonymous interactive environment. We developed six variations of the VDG and administered them to economics students in five different cultures (Ntotal = 603). Among other things, these VDGs varied whether the potential benefits of volunteering were certain or uncertain. Although the overall level of volunteering did not vary substantially across most cultural groups, we found that culture interacted with the size and (un)certainty of the benefits associated with volunteering, to influence volunteering decisions. We also found that religiosity (but not religious affiliation per se) increases volunteering and that men are less likely to volunteer when the returns to doing so are certain. These results extend our knowledge of behaviors in the VDG, and their potential drivers, with clear implications for understanding how culture, individual characteristics, and context jointly influence prosocial behavior and coordination.
Construction and operation of a multiplexed microfiltration device to facilitate rapid pathogen detection
Authors: Zuponcic Jessica , Bomrad Casey , Ku Seockmo , Foster Kirk , Ximenes Eduardo , Ladisch Michael R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMillions of Americans contract food poisoning or are affected by microbial pathogens each year. Rapid, sensitive detection of dilute levels of pathogens in foods, produce, water, and biomanufacturing process samples is key to consumer protection; however, current enrichment methods require as much as a full day to enrich viable bacterial pathogens to detectable levels. Our lab previously demonstrated the ability to concentrate and detect dilute levels of pathogens, within 8 hr, from various food matrices using microfiltration in our continuous cell concentration device (i.e., C3D) with one or two filter modules. This short communication describes the design, materials and construction, layout, and operational characteristics of a four filter module multiplexed system based on a four channel device. Benefits are a 2× greater sample capacity than an equivalent duplex system (achieving the same time to result of less than 8 hr from sample preparation to detection), simpler operation, and a footprint enabling operation inside a biosafety cabinet instead of requiring a BSL‐2 room. Flow rate variability through four channels fit within an operational envelope of ±3%; flow rates are reproducible from one run to the next thus ensuring relatively simple, concurrent processing of samples.
Preparation of immobilized/stabilized biocatalysts of β‐glucosidases from different sources: Importance of the support active groups and the immobilization protocol
Authors: de Andrades Diandra , Graebin Natália G. , Ayub Marco A. Z. , Fernandez‐Lafuente Roberto , Rodrigues Rafael C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstractβ‐Glucosidases from two different commercial preparations, Pectinex Ultra SP‐L and Celluclast® 1.5L, were immobilized on divinylsulfone (DVS) supports at pH 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, and 10. In addition, the biocatalysts were also immobilized in agarose beads activated by glyoxyl, and epoxide as reagent groups. The best immobilization results were observed using higher pH values on DVS‐agarose, and for Celluclast® 1.5L, good results were also obtained using the glyoxil‐agarose immobilization. The biocatalyst obtained using Pectinex Ultra SP‐L showed the highest thermal stability, at 65°C, and an operational stability of 67% of activity after 10 reuses cycles when immobilized on DVS‐agarose immobilized at pH 10 and blocked with ethylenediamine. The β‐glucosidase from Celluclast® 1.5L produced best results when immobilized on DVS‐agarose immobilized at pH 9 and blocked with glycine, reaching 7.76‐fold higher thermal stability compared to its free form and maintaining 76% of its activity after 10 successive cycles. The new biocatalysts obtained by these protocols showed reduction of glucose inhibition of enzymes, demonstrating the influence of immobilization protocols, pH, and blocking agent.
pH effects on the lipid and fatty acids accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Ochoa‐Alfaro Ana E. , Gaytán‐Luna Daniel E. , González‐Ortega Omar , Zavala‐Arias Karla G. , Paz‐Maldonado Luz M. T. , Rocha‐Uribe Alejandro , Soria‐Guerra Ruth E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractpH variations influence the delivery of essential nutrients and CO2 solubility, which impact algae metabolism. In this study the microalgal growth and chlorophyll, lipid, and fatty acids content; along with the expression of some genes implicated in the biosynthesis of lipids were examined in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii subjected to pH values of 7.0, 7.8, and 8.5. At pH 7.8 an increase in cell growth was observed with a significant accumulation of chlorophyll (1.75‐fold) when compared with growth at pH 7, while at pH 8.5 a sharp decrease in both parameters was observed when compared with the other pH values tested. Lipid content increased 3.0 (14.81% of dry cell weight, dcw) and 2.3 times (11.43% dcw) at pH 7.8 and 8.5, respectively, when compared with the experiment at pH 7 (4.97% dcw). The compositions of major fatty acids in the strains growing at pH 7.0, 7.8, or 8.5 were 25.7, 28.0, and 32.1% for palmitic acid; 17.3, 14.7, and 25.7% for oleic acid; and 9.8, 12.1, and 4.6% for linoleic acid; respectively. qRT‐PCR analysis showed that the transcripts of ß‐carboxyltransferase, Acyl carrier protein 1, acyl‐ACP thiolase 1, acyl‐sn‐glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase, and diacylglycerol acyl transferase isoform 3 were significantly induced at pH 7.8 when compared with the other two pH conditions. These results indicate that the induction of genes implicated in the early and final steps of lipid biosynthesis contributes to their accumulation in the stationary phase. Our research suggests that a pH of 7.8 might be ideal to maximize growth and lipid accumulation.
Transient Effects during Dynamic Operation of a Wall‐Cooled Fixed‐Bed Reactor for CO2Methanation
Authors: Tauer Georg , Kern Christoph , Jess Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe power‐to‐gas process is an option to transform fluctuating renewable electric energy into methane via water electrolysis and subsequent conversion of H2by methanation with CO2. The dynamic behavior of the methanation reactor may then be a critical aspect. The kinetics of CO2methanation on a Ni‐catalyst were determined under isothermal and stationary conditions. Transient isothermal kinetic experiments showed a fast response of the rate on step changes of the concentrations of H2, CO2; in case of H2O, the response was delayed. Non‐isothermal experiments were conducted in a wall‐cooled fixed‐bed reactor. Temperature profiles were measured and the effect of a changing volumetric flow was studied. The experimental data were compared with simulations by a transient reactor model.
Numerical simulation of deformable particles in a Coulter counter
Authors: Taraconat Pierre , Gineys Jean‐Philippe , Isebe Damien , Nicoud Franck , Mendez Simon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn Coulter counters, cells counting and volumetry are achieved by monitoring their electrical print when they flow through a sensing zone. However, the volume measurement may be impaired by the cell dynamics, which may be difficult to control. In this paper, numerical simulations of the dynamics and electrical signature of red blood cells in a Coulter counter are presented, accounting for the deformability of the cells. In particular, a specific numerical pipeline is developed to overcome the challenge of the multi‐scale nature of the problem. It consists in segmenting the whole computation of the cell dynamics and electrical response in a series of dedicated computations, with a saving of one order of magnitude in computational time. This numerical pipeline is used with rigid spheres and deformable red blood cells in an industrial Coulter counter geometry, and compared with experimental measurements. The simulations not only reproduce electrical signatures typical of those measured experimentally, but also allow an analysis of the electrical signature in terms of the heterogeneity of the electrical field and dynamics of the particles in the measurement zone. This study provides a methodology for computing the sizing of rigid or deformable particles by Coulter counters, opening the way to a better understanding of cells signatures in such devices.
Electrode Materials with a Crater‐Type Morphology Prepared by Electrospraying for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Jae‐Kwang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRechargeable lithium‐ion batteries with good electrochemical properties require nanostructured electrode materials, which are usually prepared through complex synthesis processes. Herein, a new facile method is reported for the synthesis of high‐performance electrode materials with a crater‐like morphology through repulsion between positive charges. The produced electrode material does not possess a nanostructure. However, it is capable of rapidly transferring lithium ions and electrons owing to the large contact area with electrolyte and the high concentration sp2‐hybridized carbon coating. LiFePO4 and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes prepared by this process achieved high discharge capacities of 165.7 and 199.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, with excellent rate capability of 127.5 and 162.6 mAh g−1 at 10 C, respectively. Although the crater‐type materials might decrease the electrode tap density, they facilitate better electrochemical properties such as high capacity, high power, and fast charging. Furthermore, this new method can be applied trough a sol–gel process for the synthesis of electrode materials to improve their electrochemical characteristics.
Effect of positron density and temperature on the electron acoustic waves in a magnetized dissipative plasma
Authors: Bansal Sona , Aggarwal Munish , Gill Tarsem S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractZakharov–Kuznetsov–Burgers (ZKB) equation is derived for electron acoustic shock waves in magnetized e–p–i plasma. In the present model, magnetized plasma containing two electron population with kappa distributed positrons has been considered. The propagation characteristics of three dimensional electron acoustic (EA) shock waves have been studied under the influence of magnetic field. Our present plasma model supports the negative potential shocks. Combined action of dissipation (η), superthermality (κ), concentration of positrons (β), temperature ratio of cold electrons to positrons (σ), and magnetic field (ωc) significantly modify the properties of EA shock waves. The width and amplitude of the shock structures are modified by various physical parameters. It is found that shock wave width decreases with increase in β, η0, and ωc whereas it becomes wider for κ and σ. Further, potential of the shock wave decreases as one departs away from superthermal distribution.
Preparation for certain and uncertain future outcomes in young children and three species of monkey
Authors: Suddendorf Thomas , Watson Kate , Bogaart Maddison , Redshaw Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study examined 3‐year old children and monkeys’ capacities to prepare for immediate future events. In Study 1, children were presented with several tube apparatuses with two exits. When targets were certain to emerge from both, children tended to prepare to catch them by covering each exit. When it was uncertain where targets would emerge, however, they tended to prepare for only one possibility. These results substantiate the claim that simultaneous preparation for mutually exclusive possibilities develops relatively late. Study 2 found no evidence for such a capacity in monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi, Cebus apella, Papio hamadryas) given the same tasks.
Green beards in the light of indirect genetic effects
Authors: Trubenová Barbora , Hager Reinmar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe green‐beard effect is one proposed mechanism predicted to underpin the evolution of altruistic behavior. It relies on the recognition and the selective help of altruists to each other in order to promote and sustain altruistic behavior. However, this mechanism has often been dismissed as unlikely or uncommon, as it is assumed that both the signaling trait and altruistic trait need to be encoded by the same gene or through tightly linked genes. Here, we use models of indirect genetic effects (IGEs) to find the minimum correlation between the signaling and altruistic trait required for the evolution of the latter. We show that this correlation threshold depends on the strength of the interaction (influence of the green beard on the expression of the altruistic trait), as well as the costs and benefits of the altruistic behavior. We further show that this correlation does not necessarily have to be high and support our analytical results by simulations.
Different sensitivity and threshold in response to nitrogen addition in four alpine grasslands along a precipitation transect on the Northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zong Ning , Zhao Guangshuai , Shi Peili 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe increase in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has resulted in some terrestrial ecological changes. In order to identify the response of sensitive indicators to N input and estimate the sensitivity and saturation thresholds in alpine grasslands, we set up a series of multilevel N addition experiments in four types of alpine grasslands (alpine meadow [AM], alpine meadow‐steppe [AMS], alpine steppe [AS], and alpine desert‐steppe [ADS]) along with a decreasing precipitation gradient from east to west on the Northern Tibetan Plateau. N addition only had significant effects on species diversity in AMS, while had no effects on the other three alpine grasslands. Aboveground biomass of grasses and overall community in ADS were enhanced with increasing N addition, but such effects did not occur in AS. Legume biomass in ADS and AS showed similar unimodal patterns and exhibited a decreasing tend in AM. Regression fitting showed that the most sensitive functional groups were grasses, and the N saturation thresholds were 103, 115, 136, and 156 kg N hm−2 year−1 in AM, AMS, AS, and ADS, respectively. This suggests that alpine grasslands become more and more insensitive to N input with precipitation decrease. N saturation thresholds also negatively correlated with soil N availability. N sensitivity differences caused by precipitation and nutrient availability suggest that alpine grasslands along the precipitation gradient will respond differently to atmospheric N deposition in the future global change scenario. This different sensitivity should also be taken into consideration when using N fertilization to restore degraded grasslands.
Sampling rare and elusive species: Florida east coast diamondback terrapin population abundance
Authors: Breininger David R. , Stolen Eric D. , Breininger Daniel J. , Breininger Robert D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Florida east coast terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin tequesta) is a rare and potentially endangered species that is difficult to survey because of poor detection probability and a patchy distribution. Like many rare species sampling programs, we apply a density and multistate occupancy sampling approach that considered the impacts of imperfect detection. We separated the detection process into availability of the animal within the sampling area (e.g., coming to surface) and perceptibility (actually seeing it). Our study employed a density estimation approach originally developed for birds, which combined time to detection and distance sampling within a Bayesian N‐mixture model. Our study also estimated two abundance occupancy states (few and many terrapins). We were able to estimate large differences in terrapin densities between sites through functions of site‐specific environmental covariates (water depth, distance to mangrove, and distance to land). The detection probability was poor (0.28) for the few terrapin occupancy state, but was much greater for many (0.75). The time to detection and distance‐sampling approach for this aquatic animal should be useful for other aquatic organisms that regularly surface. Terrapins were generally available to be sighted within four minutes but detection declined rapidly to a low probability of terrapin detection >30 m. The approach of estimating density as a function of habitat covariates to identify habitat associations can provide an effective method that combined with adaptive sampling should be useful to investigate the distribution of terrapins in open water.
Detection of Multiple Samples Based on AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors and Magnetic Microbeads
Authors: Wang Jin , Gu Zhiqi , Miao Bin , Zhao Lei , Liu Xinsheng , Cheng Jinrong , Zhang Zhiqiang , Li Jiadong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSemiconductor biochemical sensors are regarded as robust tools for the detection of various targets. However, re‐use of these sensors is one of the major obstacles hindering further development. To address this problem, a multi‐objective platform was developed based on magnetic beads and the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (MBs AlGaN/GaN HEMT) device. Since the magnetic beads are capable of being fixed and released by inductance coils, the platform enables repeatability and multi‐objectivity during testing. To validate the advantages of the platform, metal ions and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were used. In this study, a platform sensing biochemical responses with a sensor was demonstrated to show the characteristics of reusability, multi‐target sensing, and simplicity, resulting in its promising prospects for widespread applications.
Synergistic Effect of Polyoxometalate and Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Peroxidase‐like Mimics and Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Sahraoui Yosra , Chaliaa Sana , Maaref Abderrazak , Haddad Amor , Bessueille Francois , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel Keggin‐type metatungstate hybrid POMs ((APy)6[H2W12O40])/carboxylic acid functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotube based amperometric sensing platform was successfully constructed for the sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide. A simple and reliable procedure was implemented for the synthesis of new composite materials obtained by the covalent grafting of (APy)6[H2W12O40] onto the surface of (SWCNT‐COOH). The synergistic effect of single walled carbon nanotubes on the electrochemical behavior of (APy)6[H2W12O40] was evidenced through the increase of the oxidation and reduction peaks of the polyoxometalate. The sensitivity of hydrogen peroxide detection was increased by a factor of 38.5 in presence of SWCNTs, showing their high influence on peroxidase‐like mimics of (APy)6[H2W12O40]. The detection limit, the response time, the repeatability and the shelf lifetime were respectively 0.4 μM, 10 s, <4%, 60 days.
Analysis of thrombin‐antithrombin complex formation using microchip electrophoresis and mass spectrometry
Authors: Nielsen Jacob B. , Nielsen Anna V. , Carson Richard H. , Lin Hsien‐Jung L. , Hanson Robert L. , Sonker Mukul , Mortensen Daniel N. , Price John C. , Woolley Adam T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPreterm birth (PTB) related health problems take over one million lives each year, and currently, no clinical analysis is available to determine if a fetus is at risk for PTB. Here, we describe the preparation of a key PTB risk biomarker, thrombin‐antithrombin (TAT), and characterize it using dot blots, MS, and microchip electrophoresis (µCE). The pH for fluorescently labeling TAT was also optimized using spectrofluorometry and spectrophotometry. The LOD of TAT was measured in µCE. Lastly, TAT was combined with six other PTB risk biomarkers and separated in µCE. The ability to make and characterize TAT is an important step toward the development of an integrated microfluidic diagnostic for PTB risk.