bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Becoming A Successful Illustrator
Authors: Brazell Derek , Davies Jo 
Published: October 2018

Illustration is a diverse and constantly evolving area of art and design and an appealing creative career. But to stand out from the crowd, successful illustrators need to combine creative talent with strong marketing and promotional skills.
Becoming a Successful Illustrator provides practical and inspirational guidance on finding and contacting clients, putting together promotional materials and establishing yourself as a professional illustrator. With case studies, and firsthand tips and hints from practising illustrators at varying stages in their careers, and packed with hundreds of beautiful examples of professional work, this is a must-have guide to the working world of illustration.
This title is part of the Creative Careers series from Fairchild Books, designed to help bridge the gap between academia and a first job in the creative industries. Brimming with helpful tips and facts about the world of work, they offer an essential guide for any emerging creative practitioner.
The cover artwork for Becoming a Successful Illustrator has been shortlisted for an illustration award in the 2013 books category by the prestigious Association of Illustrators.
Land cover effects on hydrologic services under a precipitation gradient
Authors: Zabaleta Ane , Garmendia Eneko , Mariel Petr , Tamayo Ibon , Antigüedad Iñaki 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle are
altering the quantity, quality, and temporal distribution of riverine
discharge, necessitating a more rigorous consideration of changes in land
cover and land use. This study establishes relationships between different
land cover combinations (e.g. percentages of forest – both native and
exotic – and pastureland) and hydrological services, using hydrological
indices estimated at annual and seasonal timescales in an area with a steep
precipitation gradient (900–2600 mm yr−1). Using discharge data from
20 catchments in the Bay of Biscay, a climate transition zone, the study
applied multiple regression models to better understand how the interaction
between precipitation and land cover combinations influence hydrological
services. Findings showed the relationship between land cover combinations
and hydrological services is highly dependent on the amount of
precipitation, even in a climatically homogeneous and relatively small area.
In general, in the Bay of Biscay area, the greater presence of any type of
forests is associated with lower annual water resources, especially with
greater percentages of exotic plantations and high annual precipitation.
Where precipitation is low, forests show more potential to reduce annual and
winter high flows than pasturelands, but this potential decreases as annual
or seasonal precipitation increases. As annual precipitation increases, low
flows increase as the percentage of exotic plantations decreases and
pasturelands increase. Results obtained in this study improve understanding
of the multiple effects of land cover on hydrological services, and
illustrate the relevance of land planning to the management of water
resources, especially under a climate change scenario.
The Great Aurora of January 1770 observed in Spain
Authors: Carrasco Víctor M. S. , Aragonès Enric , Ordaz Jorge , Vaquero José M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. An analysis is made of the records made by Spanish
observers of a notable aurora on 18 January 1770 in order to study the
characteristics of this event. The records indicate that the phenomenon was
observed in both continental and insular territories of Spain, in particular
at San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Cádiz, Córdoba, Badajoz,
Valencia, Castellón, Madrid, Barcelona, and Gerri de la Sal. The most
equatorward observational site was San Cristóbal de la Laguna
(28.48∘ N, 16.32∘ W) in the Canary Islands. In general,
the descriptions put its duration from sunset to midnight, but the observers
from Córdoba and Madrid report the aurora as being visible during the
last hours of the night, and it was even observed the following day at
Castellón. All the observers described the aurora as red in colour,
while white and ash colours were also reported at Córdoba and Gerri de
la Sal. The brightness and shape of auroral display changed over time.
Calculations of the geomagnetic latitudes of the observation locations gave
San Cristóbal de la Laguna as the southernmost (26∘ N) and
Gerri de la Sal the northernmost (35∘ N) and indicate this aurora
was observed over a wide range of abnormally low latitudes for such a
phenomenon. Solar activity around the event was high, with the astronomer
Horrebow registering 10 sunspot groups on that date (18 January 1770).
Drawing as performance
Authors: Barth Theodor 
Published: October 2018

The objective of the present article is to re-work and radically reframe a case study on drawing presented at the E&PDE conference, hosted by OsloMet in the early autumn of 2017. The case study was experimental – involving a drawer, a furniture designer, an MA student (at the time) and an anthropologist. The present article ventures to draw certain learning outcomes from the experiment. These are presently relevant in the context of the heritage of a drawing school founded in 1818 and in the wake of the current activities in artistic research (AR) at the Oslo National Academy of the Arts (KHiO). The focus is on the educational aspects of ‘doing research’. The article queries the relation between drawing, writing and field research in the history of the school and currently in AR.
Keywords: drawing, writing, field research, process, reframing, case study, comparison, first science, third-party readability, non-philosophy.
Perfusion by delayed time to peak in vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia patients with vertigo
Authors: Peng Yan Fang , Zhang Huai Liang , Zhang Dao Pei , Zhao Min , Zhang Shu Ling , Yin Suo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between the perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) in vertigo patients and at least one vascular risk factor.MethodsWe studied 289 patients with vertigo (spinning, swaying, nausea, vomiting, and unsteady gait) who performed multimode MRI. Maximum diameter and tortuous parameters of the basilar artery and vertebral arteries were calculated using magnetic resonance angiography. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), mean transit time (MTT), and time to peak (TTP) maps were evaluated by dynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced perfusion imaging. Association of perfusion MRI and VBD was evaluated by nonparametric tests and receiver‐operating characteristic curve was constructed to predict posterior ischemic stroke in VBD patients.ResultsThe prevalence of VBD was 26.6% (n = 77/289) in our study. Male gender was the risk factor of VBD by multivariate analysis. BA diameter was significant statistics between ischemic stroke and nonischemic stroke patients. TTP in bilateral lower cerebellum, superior cerebellum, bilateral pons, and occipital and temporal lobes region of interests was significantly delayed in VBD versus non‐VBD patients, while rCBF, rCBV, and MTT parameters were not significant differences. TTP in the right temporal lobe delayed by 21.96 ms was the best predictive value and the mean TTP predictive threshold value in all ROIs was 22.67 ± 1.48 ms.InterpretationVBD leads to the hypoperfusion of posterior circulation territory characterized by delayed TTP. Delayed TTP in cerebellum, pons, and occipital and temporal lobes fed by vertebrobasilar arteries predicted the occurrence of posterior ischemic stroke in VBD patients.
A Tunable Optofluidic Microlaser in a Photostable Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Tang Shui‐Jing , Liu Zhihe , Qian Yan‐Jun , Shi Kebin , Sun Yujie , Wu Changfeng , Gong Qihuang , Xiao Yun‐Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe optofluidic laser has become an important platform for biological sensing and medical diagnosis. To date, fluorescent dyes and proteins have been widely utilized as gain materials for biological analysis due to their good biocompatibility, but the limited photostability restricts their reliability and sensitivity. Here, an optofluidic microlaser with an ultralow threshold down to 7.8 µJ cm−2 in the ultrahigh‐Q whispering‐gallery microcavity, which is filled with a biocompatible conjugated polymer, is demonstrated. This conjugated polymer exhibits a significant enhancement in the lasing stability compared with a typical laser dye (Nile red). In the experiment, after 20 min of illumination with the excitation intensity of 23.2 MW cm−2, the lasing intensity of the conjugated polymer experiences a decrease of less than 10%, while the lasing feature of Nile red completely disappears. Additionally, by mechanically stretching the resonator, the lasing frequency can be fine‐tuned with the range of about 2 nm, exceeding the free spectral range of the resonator.
Wafer‐Scale Fabrication of Ultrathin Flexible Electronic Systems via Capillary‐Assisted Electrochemical Delamination
Authors: Zhang Heng , Liu Youdi , Yang Chao , Xiang Li , Hu Youfan , Peng Lian‐Mao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectronic systems on ultrathin polymer films are generally processed with rigid supporting substrates during fabrication, followed by delamination and transfer to the targeted working areas. The challenge associated with an efficient and innocuous delamination operation is one of the major hurdles toward high‐performance ultrathin flexible electronics at large scale. Herein, a facile, rapid, damage‐free approach is reported for detachment of wafer‐scale ultrathin electronic foils from Si wafers by capillary‐assisted electrochemical delamination (CAED). Anodic etching and capillary action drive an electrolyte solution to penetrate and split the polymer/Si interface, leading to complete peel‐off of the electronic foil with a 100% success rate. The delamination speed can be controlled by the applied voltage and salt concentration, reaching a maximum value of 1.66 mm s−1 at 20 V using 2 m NaCl solution. Such a process incurs neither mechanical damage nor chemical contamination; therefore, the delaminated electronic systems remain intact, as demonstrated by high‐performance carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based thin‐film transistors and integrated circuits constructed on a 5.5 cm × 5.0 cm parylene‐based film with 4 µm thickness. Furthermore, the CAED strategy can be applied for prevalent polymer films and confers great flexibility and capability for designing and manufacturing diverse ultrathin electronic systems.
Total Synthesis of Divergolides E and H
Authors: Caplan Scott M. , Floreancig Paul E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis manuscript describes the first total syntheses of divergolides E and H. The route employs a telescoped hetero‐Diels–Alder and oxidative carbon–hydrogen bond cleavage as an entry into the central bridged bicyclic acetal unit. Additional key steps of the highly convergent route include a desymmetrizing epoxidation, a chelation‐controlled alkenylzinc addition, an amide formation between a hindered aniline and an acylating agent that is prone to ketene formation, and a challenging macrolactonization.
Release behavior of a polyanion‐crosslinked chitosan‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel thermoresponsive material
Authors: Ueoka Hiroki , Shimomura Osamu , Ueda Kayoko , Inada Katsuhiro , Nomura Ryoki 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA novel type of temperature‐responsive hydrogel with sensitive release performance of an encapsulated compound was obtained. The temperature‐responsive hydrogel with a sensitive state change between 32 °C and 29 °C was prepared by physically crosslinking chitosan with a polyanion of tripolyphosphate and linear poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). Cyanocobalamin was used as a model drug and was encapsulated in the prepared hydrogel. The swelling ratio and release behavior of cyanocobalamin were evaluated. Hydrogels containing 3.0% chitosan and 3.0% PNIPAAm had the best swelling ratio and the maximum amount of released encapsulated cyanocobalamin. The amount of released cyanocobalamin was quantified at 25 °C and 40 °C to evaluate the release behavior. The encapsulated cyanocobalamin remained within the hydrogels at 25 °C and was rapidly released at 40 °C. After 1 min at 40 °C, the released amount was approximately 50% of the encapsulated cyanocobalamin. The temperature‐responsive hydrogels obtained have good performance for use in drug delivery systems. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46732.
Light curing and ratio of glass/fumed silica fillers on degree of conversion and mechanical properties of experimental composite resins
Authors: da Silva Prezotto A. F. , da Silva D. B. , Vitti R. P. , Sinhoreti M. A. C. , Brandt W. C. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of experimental composite resins made with different fillers and light‐curing methods. All composites had the same organic matrix (40% wt) and photoinitiator system (1.2% wt). Experimental composite groups were divided according to ratio (%) of silanated ground glass (0.5 μm) (BaAlSi) and fumed silica (SiO2): 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30. Light‐emitting diode light was used in the continuous, soft‐start, and pulse‐delay modes (n = 10). Degree of conversion was determined using attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Flexural strength and modulus were obtained using a universal testing machine, and Knoop microhardness was measured in a Knoop indenter. The data were subjected to a two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Continuous‐light exposure of the 100/0 group produced the highest degrees of conversion. Soft‐start exposure of the 70/30 groups produced the highest Knoop microhardness. The pulse‐delay method produced the lowest flexural strength and modulus values. The 100/0 and 70/30 groups had the lowest flexural strength and flexural modulus, respectively. Application of continuous‐light output with composite resins containing a ratio of 80/20 (BaAlSi/SiO2) fillers generated the best results regarding the degree of conversion and mechanical properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47008.
Disclosing the role of surface and bulk erosion on the viscoelastic behavior of biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites
Authors: Shojaei S. , Nikuei M. , Goodarzi V. , Hakani M. , Khonakdar H. A. , Saeb M. R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, biodegradable polymer blends and their nanocomposites were prepared using poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as blending components and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles as reinforcement. X‐ray diffraction spectra showed that the presence of HA nanoparticles enhanced the intensity of the peaks (100) and (200) corresponding to the PCL's crystalline planes. The transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the high tendency of HA nanoparticles to locate in the PLA phase. The water uptake values of samples measured at pH 4 were more than those measured at other pH values. The weight loss behavior of blends in acidic medium was completely different from that in basic and neutral media. The Williams–Landel–Ferry equation and time–temperature superposition principle were applied to the creep compliance of the samples and their master curves were determined at reference temperature of 30 °C, and the mechanical properties of samples were predicted in other conditions. The effect of pH on the creep–recovery response of studied samples was analyzed. From this analysis, it could be found that at pH 4, the creep stain increased, while, at pH 7, there was no a significant change in the viscoelastic property. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47151.
Biodegradation of polyhydroxybutyrate and hollow glass microspheres composite films
Authors: Araque L. M. , Alves T. S. , Barbosa R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBiodegradable polymers represent an alternative to the conventional ones. The polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is one of the most used biodegradable polymers. However, PHB presents narrow processing window, which limits its applicability. The development of PHB composites offers a solution for that drawback. In this work, PHB and hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) composite films are developed. Subsequently, the films are characterized, and the biodegradability of the films is determined by the Sturm test. A suitable distribution and intermediate dispersion of the filler throughout the matrix are observed, while adhesion between the components is not achieved. The HGM does not significantly affect the thermal properties of the systems, however, decreases the degree of crystallinity. In addition, the composite films present small values of elongation and tensile strength than the pure PHB film. Finally, the HGM modified the mechanism of biodegradation; however, there was no change in the rate of biodegradation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47195.
Tannic Acid Solution: A Better Fixative Solution Than Formalin for Elastin and Collagen—Toxic and Morphological Assessment
Authors: Cisne Rafael , Souza Alessandra M. T. , Pereira‐Sampaio Marco A. , Babinski Marcio A. , Gorniak Silvana L. , Papa Paula C. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTFormaldehyde is commonly used worldwide, even though it is classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This has motivated intensive investigations of formaldehyde substitutes, and recently, some alternative solutions were found, which can potentially replace it. Previous research showed that tannic acid (TA) in glutaraldehyde solution has the ability to stabilize elastin and collagen. This provided a basis for the development of a new alcoholic fixative solution, particularly aimed at extracellular matrix components, with TA as a main component. Heart, brain, and intestinal samples were fixed by immersion in 10% regular formalin solution (RFS), 70% ethanol solution (ES), and tannic acid ethanolic solution (TAES). Next, tissue fragments were prepared for routine histology procedures. The toxicity of TA was analyzed using in silico tests for mutagenicity, as well as for cutaneous and respiratory toxicity. Analyses of photomicrographs demonstrated that all fixative solutions have the ability to preserve the fragments. The quantitative analyses showed that capability of TAES to preserve and stabilize elastin and collagen is superior to that of RFS and ES. We demonstrated that TA is not mutagenic, and it is less toxic for skin and respiratory tract. We therefore conclude that TAES can potentially represent a powerful and feasible alternative solution for fixing extracellular matrix of microscopic examination samples. Anat Rec, 301:1544–1550, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hsc70 is a Component of Bacterially Generated Actin‐Rich Structures: An Immunolocalization Study
Authors: Walker Brittany D. , Chua Michael D. , Guttman Julian A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes usurp the actin cytoskeleton for their attachment, internalization and transport within and amongst infected cells. To try to gain a greater understanding of the molecular components utilized by these microbes during their infections we previously concentrated actin‐rich structures generated during EPEC infections (called pedestals) and identified the heat shock cognate 70 protein (Hsc70) as a potential candidate. This multifunctional protein classically acts as a chaperone for the proper folding of a variety of proteins and is involved in uncoating clathrin from coated pits. Here we demonstrated that Hsc70 is recruited to actin structures generated during EPEC, Listeria and Salmonella infections, but not to the same location as clathrin. Anat Rec, 301:2095–2102, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Eurasian Elk's (Alces alces) Brain Base Arteries in View of Vascular Variation
Authors: Zdun Maciej , Jabłoński Ryszard , Dębiński Dariusz , Frąckowiak Hieronim 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of analysis of the arterial vascular region of the Eurasian elk, which is a representative of the Cervidae family. The study was conducted on 39 Eurasian elks. The head arteries of 25 animals were filled with LBS 3040 synthetic latex. The head arteries of the other 14 Eurasian elks were filled with an acetone solution of stained chlorinated polyvinyl chloride and macerated. The arterial circle of the Eurasian elk's brain is composed of bilateral rostral cerebral arteries and caudal communicating arteries. The basilar artery closes the arterial circle caudally. The rostral cerebral artery first ramifies into the rostral choroidal artery, then, the middle cerebral artery and the rostral communicating artery. The caudal cerebral artery and the rostral cerebellar artery branch off the caudal communicating artery. The arterial pattern of the Eurasian elk's brain base is similar to the arteries found in other deer. Like in other Ruminantia, the rostral epidural rete mirabile is a unique structure in the Eurasian elk's arterial system. Anat Rec, 302:339–345, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postcranial Skeletal Differences in Free‐Range and Captive‐Born Primates
Authors: Kohn Luci Ann P. , Lubach Gabriele R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTSkeletal morphology is important in evolutionary, genetic, developmental, physiological, and functional studies. Although samples from free‐ranging individuals may be preferable, constraints of sample size, demography, or conservation status may necessitate the inclusion of captive‐born individuals. Captivity may be associated with physical, physiological, or behavioral differences that may affect skeletal form. This study assesses differences in postcranial skeletal form between free‐range and captive‐born Macaca mulatta and Saguinus oedipus. Samples included free‐range M. mulatta from Cayo Santiago (Caribbean Primate Research Center) and captive‐born macaques from the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center. S. oedipus samples included free‐range born and captive‐born individuals from the Oak Ridge Associated Universities Marmoset Research Center. Twenty‐four dimensions of various bones, including the scapula, upper limb, innominate and lower limb, were recorded for adults. Age of epiphyseal closure was recorded for immature captive‐born M. mulatta. Analysis of variance and principal component analyses tested significant differences between free‐range born and captive‐born individuals in each species. Significant differences were present in size and shape of postcrania between free‐range and captive‐born within taxa. Free‐range macaques were larger than captive‐born macaques, but this pattern did not consistently carry over to the Saguinus samples. Shape differences, while present throughout the skeleton, were especially prominent in the scapula. Differences in developmental timing, nutrition, and physical activity can be expected to contribute to the observed differences in postcranial skeletal form. These differences should be considered when captive‐born primates are included in morphological or evolutionary studies. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:761–774, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.