bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Look in the trees: Hylobatids as evolutionary models for extinct hominins
Authors: Zichello Julia M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStudying extant apes is of central importance to paleoanthropology. This approach is informative in inferring how hominin skeletal morphology reflects phylogeny, behavior, development, and ecological context. Traditionally, great apes have dominated the paleoanthropological literature as extant analogs for extinct hominins, to the exclusion of their phylogenetic sister group, the hylobatids. Phylogenetic proximity, large body size, and high encephalization quotients may have contributed to decisions to use great apes as models for hominins. However, if we reexamine hylobatids as extant models for extinct hominins—using modern phylogenetic, behavioral, and ecological data—this clade is uniquely poised to inform future frameworks in paleoanthropology. The following features make hylobatids strong analogs for extinct hominins: taxonomic diversity, the timing of diversification, hybridization between species, small body size, and reduced sexual dimorphism. Based on these shared features, hylobatids offer future opportunities to paleoanthropology, and provide a much richer extant analog than is currently recognized.
Adaptive learning from model space
Authors: Prüser Jan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDynamic model averaging (DMA) is used extensively for the purpose of economic forecasting. This study extends the framework of DMA by introducing adaptive learning from model space. In the conventional DMA framework all models are estimated independently and hence the information of the other models is left unexploited. In order to exploit the information in the estimation of the individual time‐varying parameter models, this paper proposes not only to average over the forecasts but, in addition, also to dynamically average over the time‐varying parameters. This is done by approximating the mixture of individual posteriors with a single posterior, which is then used in the upcoming period as the prior for each of the individual models. The relevance of this extension is illustrated in three empirical examples involving forecasting US inflation, US consumption expenditures, and forecasting of five major US exchange rate returns. In all applications adaptive learning from model space delivers improvements in out‐of‐sample forecasting performance.
An analysis on the predictability of CAPM beta for momentum returns
Authors: Cenesizoglu Tolga , Papageorgiou Nicolas , Reeves Jonathan J. , Wu Haifeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that the forecasted capital asset pricing model (CAPM) beta of momentum portfolios explains a large portion of the return, ranging from 40% to 60% for stock‐level momentum, and from 30% to 50% for industry‐level momentum. Beta forecasts are from a realized beta estimator using daily returns over the prior year. Periods such as 1969–1989 have been found in earlier studies to contain abnormal profits from momentum trading; however, we show that these were spuriously generated by measurement error in systematic risk. These results cast further doubt on the ability of standard momentum trading strategies to generate abnormal profits.
The system‐neurophysiological basis for how methylphenidate modulates perceptual–attentional conflicts during auditory processing
Authors: Adelhöfer Nico , Gohil Krutika , Passow Susanne , Teufert Benjamin , Roessner Veit , Li Shu‐Chen , Beste Christian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe ability to selectively perceive and flexibly attend to relevant sensory signals in the environment is essential for action control. Whereas neuromodulation of sensory or attentional processing is often investigated, neuromodulation of interactive effects between perception and attention, that is, high attentional control demand when the relevant sensory information is perceptually less salient than the irrelevant one, is not well understood. To fill this gap, this pharmacological‐electroencephalogram (EEG) study applied an intensity‐modulated, focused‐attention dichotic listening paradigm together with temporal EEG signal decomposition and source localization analyses. We used a double‐blind MPH/placebo crossover design to delineate the effects of methylphenidate (MPH)—a dopamine/norepinephrine transporter blocker—on the resolution of perceptual–attentional conflicts, when perceptual saliency and attentional focus favor opposing ears, in healthy young adults. We show that MPH increased behavioral performance specifically in the condition with the most pronounced conflict between perceptual saliency and attentional focus. On the neurophysiological level, MPH effects in line with the behavioral data were observed after accounting for intraindividual variability in the signal. More specifically, MPH did not show an effect on stimulus‐related processes but modulated the onset latency of processes between stimulus evaluation and responding. These modulations were further shown to be associated with activation differences in the temporoparietal junction (BA40) and the superior parietal cortex (BA7) and may reflect neuronal gain modulation principles. The findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of modulated dopamine/norepinephrine transmitter systems for the interactions between perception and attention.
Contributions from cognitive engineering to requirements specifications for complex sociotechnical systems: A case study in the context of healthcare in Brazil
Authors: Jatoba Alessandro , da Cunha Amauri M. , Vidal Mario C. R. , Burns Catherine M. , de Carvalho Paulo V. R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper aims at presenting a case study on the use of human factors and ergonomics to enhance requirement specifications for complex sociotechnical system support tools through enhancing the understanding of human performance within the business domain and the indication of high‐value requirements candidates to information technology support. This work uses methods based on cognitive engineering to build representations of the business domain, highlighting workers’ needs, and contributing to the improvement of software requirements specifications, used in the healthcare domain. As the human factors discipline fits between human sciences and technology design, we believe that its concepts can be combined with software engineering to improve understanding of how people work, enabling the design of better information technology.
Potential loss of prognostic significance of minimal residual disease assessment after R‐CHOP‐based induction in elderly patients with mantle cell lymphoma in the era of rituximab maintenance
Authors: Klener Pavel , Fronkova Eva , Kalinova Marketa , Belada David , Forsterova Kristina , Pytlik Robert , Blahovcova Petra , Simkovic Martin , Salek David , Mocikova Heidi , Prochazka Vit , Janikova Andrea , Vaskova Martina , Mejstrikova Ester , Kodet Roman , Trka Jan , Trneny Marek 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRituximab maintenance (RM) prolongs survival of elderly patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Persistent minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction repeatedly correlated with shorter progression‐free survival (PFS). However, none of the published studies analyzed patients treated with RM. The main purpose was to analyze prognostic significance of MRD in the elderly patients with newly diagnosed MCL treated according to the recently published observational trial protocol (alternation of R‐CHOP and R‐cytarabine, 3 + 3 cycles, GovTrial number NCT03054883) at the centers that implemented RM. Minimal residual disease was evaluated by a EuroMRD standardized real‐time PCR approach after 3 and 6 cycles of the induction therapy. Prognostic significance of MRD was analyzed in a subcohort of patients treated at the centers that implemented RM as a standard approach. Bone marrow proved to be a significantly more sensitive source for MRD detection than peripheral blood. In either compartment MRD (positive versus negative) after 3 or 6 cycles of the induction therapy did not correlate with PFS. The observed loss of prognostic significance of MRD after the R‐CHOP‐based induction appears to be a consequence of RM immune control over the residual lymphoma.
The outcome of patients with high‐risk MDS achieving stable disease after treatment with 5‐azacytidine: A retrospective analysis of the Hellenic (Greek) MDS Study Group
Authors: Papageorgiou Sotirios G. , Kontos Christos K. , Kotsianidis Ioannis , Vasilatou Diamantina , Symeonidis Argyris , Galanopoulos Athanasios , Bouchla Anthi , Hatzimichael Eleftheria , Repousis Panagiotis , Zikos Panagiotis , Viniou Nora‐Athina , Poulakidas Elias , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P. , Diamantopoulos Panagiotis , Diamantopoulos Marios A. , Mparmparousi Despoina , Bouronikou Eleni , Papadaki Helen , Panayiotidis Panayiotis , Pappa Vasiliki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe demethylating factor 5‐azacytidine (5‐AZA) improves survival in intermediate‐2 and high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients [according to the International Prognostic Score System (IPSS)] responding to treatment. However, the outcome of patients achieving stable disease (SD) is unclear. This retrospective study of the Hellenic MDS Study Group included 353 intermediate‐2 or high IPSS risk patients treated with 5‐AZA. Forty‐four out of 86 (51.6%) patients achieving SD and continuing treatment with 5‐AZA showed a lower risk of transformation of MDS to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and increased overall survival (OS), compared to SD patients who discontinued the treatment (estimated median AML‐free survival = 38 months, 95% CI = 10.7‐65.3 vs 15 months, 95% CI = 10.4‐19.6, P < .001; estimated median OS = 20 months, 95% CI = 5.5‐34.5 vs 11 months, 95% CI = 5.8‐16.2, P < .001). Moreover, SD patients continuing treatment with 5‐AZA had no differences in AML‐free survival compared to patients showing response to 5‐AZA (estimated median AML‐free survival = 38 months, 95% CI = 10.7‐65.3 vs 31 months, 95% CI = 23.6‐38.4, P = .45; estimated median OS 20 months, 95% CI = 5.5‐34.5 vs 25 months, 95% CI = 21.3‐28.7, P = .50). In conclusion, MDS patients achieving SD in the first 6 months of treatment with 5‐AZA as best response should continue receiving 5‐AZA as they may benefit from prolonged treatment.
Frontline treatment for transplant‐eligible multiple myeloma: A 6474 patients network meta‐analysis
Authors: Sekine Leo , Ziegelmann Patrícia Klarmann , Manica Denise , da Fonte Pithan Carolina , Sosnoski Monalisa , Morais Vinicius Daudt , Falcetta Frederico Soares , Ribeiro Mariana Rangel , Salazar Ana Paula , Ribeiro Rodrigo Antonini 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAutologous transplantation continues to be the cornerstone of younger and fit multiple myeloma patients. It is known that frontline induction therapy before transplantation can influence post‐transplant results. Therefore, best frontline treatment for transplant‐eligible patients should be based on best available evidence to guide therapy. Furthermore, until now due to data scarcity, it was not possible to thoroughly compare lenalidomide to other regimens in this setting. We performed a systematic review and network (mixed treatment comparison) meta‐analysis of 21 clinical trial publications, enrolling 6474 patients and comparing 11 different treatment frontline setting regimens regarding survival, response, and safety outcomes. OS analysis showed superiority of CRD (cyclophosphamide‐lenalidomide‐dexamethasone) over TD‐based (thalidomide‐dexamethasone, HR = 0.76,0.62‐0.90), VAD‐based (HR = 0.71,0.52‐0.90), and Z‐Dex (idarubicin‐dexamethasone, HR = 0.37,0.17‐0.76) regimens. Concerning PFS, VTD (bortezomib‐thalidomide‐dexametasone) showed superior results when compared with TD‐based (HR = 0.66,0.51‐0.84), VAD‐based (HR = 0.61,0.46‐0.82), Z‐Dex (HR = 0.42,0.22‐0.78), and high dose dexamethasone (Dex, HR = 0.62,0.41‐0.90) regimens. Bortezomib/thalidomide regimens were not superior to lenalidomide, considering these outcomes. Also, concerning complete and overall response, VTD ranked first among other regimens, showing clear superiority over thalidomide‐only containing protocols. Safety outcome evaluated infectious, cardiac, gastrointestinal, neurological, thrombotic, and hematological grade 3 to 4 adverse events. Risk of thrombotic events was higher with TAD (thalidomide‐doxorubicin‐dexamethasone), neurological with PAD (bortezomib‐doxorubicin‐dexamethasone), infectious with Dex, hematological with Z‐Dex, gastrointestinal with VTD, and cardiac with PAD regimens. Our study endorses current recommendations on combined immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors frontline regimens (in triplets) in transplant‐eligible multiple myeloma patients, but also formally demonstrates the favorable performance of lenalidomide in overall and progression‐free survival, when compared with bortezomib/thalidomide protocols.
Autologous stem cell transplantation may be curative for patients with follicular lymphoma with early therapy failure who reach complete response after rescue treatment
Authors: Jiménez‐Ubieto Ana , Grande Carlos , Caballero Dolores , Yáñez Lucrecia , Novelli Silvana , Hernández‐Garcia Miguel Teodoro , Manzanares María , Arranz Reyes , Ferreiro José Javier , Bobillo Sabela , Mercadal Santiago , Galeo Andrea , Jiménez Javier López , Moraleda José María , Vallejo Carlos , Albo Carmen , Pérez Elena , Marrero Carmen , Magnano Laura , Palomera Luis , Jarque Isidro , Martínez‐Sánchez Pilar , Martín Alejandro , Coria Erika , López‐Guillermo Armando , Salar Antonio , Lahuerta Juan José ,   on behalf of the GELTAMO (Grupo Español de Linfomas y Trasplantes de Médula Ósea) Cooperative Study Group
Published: August 2018

AbstractPatients with follicular lymphoma (FL) who experience early therapy failure (ETF) within 2 years of frontline immunochemotherapy have poor overall survival (OS). We analyzed the Grupo Español de Linfomas y Trasplantes de Médula Ósea registry to determine whether autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is effective in this high‐risk subgroup. Patients with non‐transformed FL treated with rituximab were included in the analysis. ETF was defined as relapse/progression within 2 years of starting first‐line therapy. We identified two groups: the ETF cohort (n = 52; 38 transplanted in second complete response [CR2] and 14 transplanted in second partial response [PR2]), and the non‐ETF cohort (patients receiving ASCT in either CR2 [n = 14] or PR2 [n = 2], but who did not experience ETF following first‐line therapy). There were no differences in 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) (49% vs 60%, respectively, P = 0.49) nor in 5‐year OS (81% vs 83%, respectively, P = 0.8) between the ETF and non‐ETF cohorts. Moreover, in the subgroup of patients who presented an interval from first relapse after primary treatment to ASCT of <1 year, there were neither differences in terms of PFS (49% vs 66%, respectively, P = 0.44) nor in OS (86% vs 85%, respectively, P = 0.9) between both cohorts. Patients in the ETF cohort transplanted in CR showed a plateau in the PFS curves beyond 7 years of follow‐up, at 50%. Patients presenting ETF after frontline therapy lack standard therapeutic options. ASCT may be a curative option for ETF in patients who respond to rescue treatments and should be considered an early consolidation option.
Impact of the doctor deficit on hospital management in Poland: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Dubas‐Jakóbczyk Katarzyna , Domagała Alicja , Mikos Marcin 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectivesThe primary objective was to assess the scale and consequences of the doctor deficit in Poland with the main focus on hospital care providers. To provide the background for the above, an analysis of the system level responses to the problem was also conducted.Data and methodsA mixed‐method approach was used. We triangulated data collected using 3 methods: (1) a literature review, (2) an analysis of the national statistical databases, and (3) in‐depth interviews with hospital managers.ResultsPoland is characterized by the lowest number of physicians per 1000 population in the European Union (2.3 in 2015). Also, the age structure of the doctor working population constitutes an alarming factor (in 2015, approx. 48% of all practicing doctors and 61% of specialists were above 50). In recent years, numerous hospitals were forced to cease provision of specific services and/or close wards due to the doctor deficit. The high competition in employing doctors and pressure for wage increases puts hospital managers in situations where they must often choose between securing service provision (by offering higher wages for doctors) and maintaining the hospital's positive financial outcome (by containing costs).ConclusionIn Poland, the long‐term neglect of health workforce planning at the system level (there is neither a dedicated structure nor a formal strategy) has contributed to the current doctor deficit crisis. From the hospital managers' perspective, who are on the frontline of the problem impact, urgent solutions are needed that would at least alleviate its scale in the short term.
Barriers and facilitators to implementation of essential health benefits package within primary health care settings in low‐income and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: El‐Jardali Fadi , Fadlallah Racha , Daouk Aref , Rizk Rana , Hemadi Nour , El Kebbi Ola , Farha Aida , Akl Elie A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundOne of the key requirements for achieving universal health coverage is the proper design and implementation of essential health benefits package (EHPs). We systematically reviewed the evidence on barriers and facilitators to the implementation of EHPs within primary health care settings in low‐income and middle‐income countries.MethodsWe searched multiple databases and the gray literature. Two reviewers completed independently and in duplicate data selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. We synthesized the findings according to the following health systems arrangement levels: governance, financial, and delivery arrangements.ResultsTen studies met the eligibility criteria. At the governance level, key reported barriers were insufficient policymaker‐implementer interactions, limited involvement of consumers and stakeholders, sub‐optimal primary health care network arrangement, poor marketing and promotion of package, and insufficient coordination with community network. The key reported facilitator was the presence of a legal policy framework for package implementation. At the financial level, barriers included delays and inadequate remunerations to health care providers while facilitators included government and donor commitments to financing of package and flexibility in exploring new funding mechanisms. At the delivery level, barriers included inadequate supervision, poor facility infrastructure, limited availability of equipment and supplies, and shortages of workers. Facilitators included proper training and management of workforce, availability of female health workers, presence of clearly defined packages, and continuum of care, including referrals to promote comprehensive service delivery.ConclusionWe identified a set of barriers and facilitators that need to be addressed to ensure proper implementation of EHPs within primary health care settings.
Prospective study of sentinel lymph node mapping for endometrial cancer
Authors: Togami Shinichi , Kawamura Toshihiko , Fukuda Mika , Yanazume Shintaro , Kamio Masaki , Kobayashi Hiroaki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping for endometrial cancer, using radioisotope and indocyanine green (ICG) injections.MethodsA prospective study was conducted between April 1, 2014, and December 27, 2017, among women with endometrial cancer, excluding those with suspected peritoneal dissemination and lymph node metastasis, at a University hospital in Kagoshima, Japan. Patients with low‐risk endometrial cancer underwent pelvic SLN mapping using uterine cervix radioisotope injections; intermediate/high‐risk patients underwent pelvic SLN with/without intraoperative para‐aortic SLN mapping with ICG subserosal injections. Primary endpoints were estimated detection rates, sensitivity, and negative predict values (NPV) of SLN mapping.ResultsOf 113 patients evaluated, comprehensive pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed after SLN detection in all patients; additional para‐aortic lymphadenectomy was performed in 38 (34%) patients. The detection rates for pelvic SLN (≥1), bilateral pelvic SLN, and para‐aortic SLN (≥1) were 96%, 80%, and 55%, respectively. Pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node metastasis were found in (10%) (12/113) and 18% (6/33) patients, respectively. Isolated para‐aortic lymph node metastasis was not observed. In pelvic SLN analysis, sensitivity was 91% and NPV was 99%. In para‐aortic SLN analysis, sensitivity and NPV were 100%.ConclusionSLN biopsy may be useful to avoid comprehensive pelvic lymphadenectomy in low‐risk patients. In high‐risk patients, SLN mapping revealed high detection rates, sensitivity, and NPV, including those for para‐aortic SLN.
Micro‐RNAs as critical regulators of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer
Authors: Noruzi Somaye , Azizian Mitra , Mohammadi Rezvan , Hosseini Seyede Atefe , Rashidi Bahman , Mohamadi Yousef , Nesaei Abolfazl , Seiri Parvaneh , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Salarinia Reza , Aghdam Arad Mobasher , Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetastasis is known to be one of the important factors associated with cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Several cellular and molecular targets are involved in the metastasis process. Among these targets, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play central roles in promoting cancer metastasis. MMPs could contribute toward tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion via degradation of the extracellular matrix and activation of pre‐pro–growth factors. Therefore, identification of various cellular and molecular pathways that affect MMPs could contribute toward a better understanding of the metastatic pathways involved in various tumors. Micro‐RNAs are important targets that could affect MMPs. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that deregulation of various micro‐RNAs, including miR‐9, Let‐7, miR‐10b, and miR‐15b, affects metastasis of tumor cells via targeting MMPs.
Circ_0056618 and CXCR4 act as competing endogenous in gastric cancer by regulating miR‐206
Authors: Li Hongbo , Yao Guoliang , Feng Bing , Lu Xueliang , Fan Yonggang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have proved to play an important role in gastric cancer. In this study, we found that circ_0056618 took part in gastric cancer cell proliferation and survival. The real‐time polymerase chain reaction result showed that circ_0056618 was overexpressed in tumor tissues or cells compared with adjacent normal tissues or normal cells and had a negative relationship to gastric cancer patients’ survival time. Meanwhile, the inhibition of circ_0056618 suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Further bioinformatical analysis indicated that circ_0056618 sponged miR‐206 to regulate CXCR4 according to the prediction of TargetScan and miRanda. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis revealed the underlying relationship of circ_0056618, miR‐206, and CXCR4. Hence, circ_0056618 negatively regulated miR‐206 expression promoting CXCR4 expression. Altogether, circ_0056618 is a potential gastric cancer prognostic marker, as well as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit gastric cancer metastasis.