bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous revegetation versus forestry reclamation—Vegetation development in coal mining spoil heaps across Central Europe
Authors: Šebelíková Lenka , Csicsek Gábor , Kirmer Anita , Vítovcová Kamila , Ortmann‐Ajkai Adrienne , Prach Karel , Řehounková Klára 
Published: November 2018

AbstractComparison of spontaneous revegetation and forestry reclamation can provide valuable information about the trajectories and rate of vegetation development applicable to restoration practice over broader geographical scales. In the current study, we sampled terrestrial vegetation in spontaneously revegetated and forestry reclaimed spoil heaps after brown coal mining differing in age in three regions across Central Europe (Germany, the Czech Republic, and Hungary). The main objective was to compare the course of vegetation development and species richness between the two restoration methods over a large geographical scale. In all geographical regions, species richness was higher on spontaneously revegetated sites. Although the starting point differed across regions, trajectories to woodland development converged with time. In addition, spontaneous revegetation was comparably as fast as forestry reclamation in developing towards woodland. Spontaneous revegetation proved to be more valuable and cost‐effective in terms of nature conservation and should be considered as an alternative restoration strategy to forestry reclamation in Central Europe.
Human Study on the Kinetics of 2′R‐Ochratoxin A in the Blood of Coffee Drinkers
Authors: Sueck Franziska , Cramer Benedikt , Czeschinski Peter , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: November 2018

ScopeThe aim of this study is to obtain a deeper knowledge of the kinetics of 2′R‐ochratoxin A (2′R‐OTA), the thermal degradation product of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA). To investigate the correlation between the amount of this compound in roasted coffee and human blood samples, a human study is performed.Methods and ResultsAn 18‐week human study is carried out. During the first eight weeks, all known 2′R‐OTA‐containing food sources are excluded from the diet and the reduction of 2′R‐OTA in venous blood is analyzed. Afterwards, participants are allowed to consume coffee with known OTA and 2′R‐OTA concentrations. On a biweekly scale, 2′R‐OTA and OTA blood levels are determined. After eight weeks of fasting on 2′R‐OTA‐containing foods, the 2′R‐OTA blood concentration decreased by about 10%. Based on this, a long biological half‐life of over seven months is estimated. In the 24 h urine samples collected before and after the coffee fasting period, only traces of 2′R‐OTA are detected.ConclusionResults show that 2′R‐OTA has a more than seven‐fold higher biological half‐life in human blood compared to OTA (approx. 35 days). The reason for the long persistence of 2′R‐OTA in human blood is still unclear and further research is needed.
Cherenkov imaging for linac beam shape analysis as a remote electronic quality assessment verification tool
Authors: Miao Tianshun , Bruza Petr , Pogue Brian W. , Jermyn Michael , Krishnaswamy Venkataramanan , Ware William , Rafie Frank , Gladstone David J. , Williams Benjamin B. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeA remote imaging system tracking Cherenkov emission was analyzed to verify that the linear accelerator (linac) beam shape could be quantitatively measured at the irradiation surface for Quality Audit (QA).MethodsThe Cherenkov camera recorded 2D dose images delivered on a solid acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic phantom surface for a range of square beam sizes, and 6 MV photons. Imaging was done at source to surface distance (SSD) of 100 cm and compared to GaF film images and linac light fields of the same beam sizes, ranging over 5 × 5 cm2 up to 20 × 20 cm2. Line profiles of each field were compared in both X and Y jaw directions. Each measurement was repeated on two different Clinac2100 machines. An interreader comparison of the beam width interpretation was completed using procedures commonly employed for beam to light field coincidence verification. Cherenkov measurements are also done for beams of complex treatment plan and isocenter QA.ResultsThe Cherenkov image widths matched with the measured GaF images and light field images, with accuracy in the range of ±1 mm standard deviation. The differences between the measurements were minor and within tolerance of geometrical requirement of standard linac QA procedures conducted by human setup verification, which had a similar error range. The measurement made by the remote imaging system allowed for beam shape extraction of radiation fields at the SSD location of the beam.ConclusionsThe proposed Cherenkov image acquisition system provides a valid way to remotely confirm radiation field sizes and provides similar information to that obtained from the linac light field or GaF film estimates of the beam size. The major benefit of this approach is that with a fixed installation of the camera, testing could be done completely under software control with automated image analysis, potentially simplifying conventional QA procedures with appropriate calibration of boundary definitions, and the natural extension to capturing dynamic treatment beamlets at SSD could have future value, such as verification of beam plans with complex beam shapes, like IMRT or “star‐shot” QA for the isocenter.
The perspectives of physiotherapists on managing nonspecific low back pain following a training programme in cognitive functional therapy: A qualitative study
Authors: Cowell Ian , O'Sullivan Peter , O'Sullivan Kieran , Poyton Ross , McGregor Alison , Murtagh Ged 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground:It has long been acknowledged that nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) is associated with a complex combination of biopsychosocial (BPS) factors, and recent guidelines advocate that the management of back pain should reflect this multidimensional complexity. Cognitive functional therapy (CFT) is a behaviourally oriented intervention that targets patients' individual BPS profiles. Although the efficacy of CFT has been demonstrated in primary care, little evidence exists about the training requirements of this approach.Methods:Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 physiotherapists working in primary care, who had undergone a formal training programme in CFT. A purposive sampling method was employed to seek the broadest perspectives. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts and capture the emergent themes.Results:Five main themes emerged: (i) the learning challenge; (ii) self‐reported changes in confidence; (iii) self‐reported changes in communication practice; (iv) self‐reported changes in attitudes and understanding; (v) the physiotherapists felt that CFT was more effective than their usual approach for NSCLBP but identified barriers to successful implementation, which included a lack of time and difficulties in engaging patients with strong biomedical beliefs.Conclusions:The study suggested that training in CFT has the capacity to produce self‐reported changes in physiotherapists' attitudes, confidence and practice. The provision of such training has implications in terms of time and costs; however, this this may be warranted, given the physiotherapists' strong allegiance to the approach compared with their usual practice.
Chemical modification of poly(lactic acid) induced by thermal decomposition of N‐acetoxy‐phthalimide during extrusion
Authors: Rolere Sébastien , Monge Sophie , Rakotonirina Mamy Daniel , Guillaneuf Yohann , Gigmes Didier , Robin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTChemical modification of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with N‐acetoxy‐phthalimide (NAPI) was performed in the melt by reactive extrusion, without using any peroxide initiator. The aminyl and nitroxide radicals produced from the NAPI thermal degradation, were, respectively, used (a) to create PLA macroradicals, and (b) to functionalize the PLA samples through nitroxide radical coupling. Depending on the extrusion temperature and the initial NAPI concentration, grafting rates up to 0.24 mol % were measured, modifying the PLA optical properties. This study represents an original new way of modification of PLA without the use of conventional peroxide initiators. Indeed, the undesirable side reactions (PLA branching or crosslinking) usually observed when using peroxides to initiate the radical grafting of PLA were avoided when using NAPI. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 120–129
Highly branched and high‐molecular‐weight polyethylenes produced by 1‐[2,6‐bis(bis(4‐fluorophenyl)methyl)‐4‐MeOC6H2N]‐2‐aryliminoacenaphthylnickel(II) halides
Authors: Wu Ruikai , Wang Yifan , Guo Liwei , Guo Cun‐Yue , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTA series of unsymmetrical 1‐[2,6‐bis(bis(4‐fluorophenyl)methyl)‐4‐MeOC6H2N]‐2‐aryliminoacenaphthene‐nickel(II) halides has been synthesized and fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C NMR, and 19F NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. The structures of Ni1 and Ni6 have been confirmed by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. On activation with cocatalysts either ethylaluminum sesquichloride or methylaluminoxane, all the title nickel complexes display high activities toward ethylene polymerization up to 16.14 × 106 g polyethylene (PE) mol−1(Ni) h−1 at 30 °C, affording PEs with both high branches (up to 103 branches/1000 carbons) and molecular weight (1.12 × 106 g mol−1) as well as narrow molecular weight distribution. High branching content of PE can be confirmed by high temperature 13C NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, the PE exhibited remarkable property of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) with high tensile strength (σb = 21.7 MPa) and elongation at break (εb = 937%) as well as elastic recovery (up to 85%), indicating a better alternative to commercial TPEs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 130–145
Preparation of ZnO nanoparticle‐reinforced polyamide 6 composite by in situ‐coproduced method and their properties
Authors: Xu Qijie , Zhang Ning , Li Wei , Zhang Shuang , He Weiwei 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTPolyamide 6/ZnO nanocomposites (noted as PA6/ZnO) were prepared by an in situ co‐producing method, during which Zn2(OH)2CO3 decomposed into nano‐ZnO in the process of the opening‐ring polymerization of caprolactam at high temperature. Transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to analyze the size and dispersive properties of nano‐ZnO, the crystallization and melting properties, the thermal properties, and crystal structure of PA6/ZnO composite, respectively. The results showed that the nano‐ZnO derived from Zn2(OH)2CO3 via in situ polymerization of PA6‐ZnO was uniformly dispersed in PA6 matrix. However, the overall nano‐ZnO crystallization rate and crystal size in the PA6 matrix were hindered by the bulky PA6 molecular chains. The mechanical properties were evaluated using universal tensile and impact testing instruments. The results revealed that PA6/ZnO composite with 0.2% nano‐ZnO content possessed excellent tensile strength, enhanced by 75% in comparison with the pure PA6. The nano‐ZnO had little influence on the impact strength of PA6. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 165–170
Alternative digestion approaches improve histone modification mapping by mass spectrometry in clinical samples
Authors: Restellini Camilla , Cuomo Alessandro , Lupia Michela , Giordano Marco , Bonaldi Tiziana , Noberini Roberta 
Published: November 2018

PurposeProfiling histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in clinical samples holds great potential for the identification of epigenetic biomarkers and the discovery of novel epigenetic targets. MS‐based approaches to analyze histone PTMs in clinical samples usually rely on SDS‐PAGE separation following histone enrichment in order to eliminate detergents and further isolate histones. However, this limits the digestions options and hence the modification coverage.Experimental design and resultsThe aim of this study is the implementation of a procedure involving acetone protein precipitation followed by histone enrichment through a C18 StageTip column to obtain histone preparations suitable for various in‐solution digestion protocols. Among them, the Arg‐C digestion, which allows profiling histone H4 modifications, and the Prop‐PIC method, which improves the detection of short and hydrophilic peptides, are tested. This approach is validated on different types of samples, including formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded pathology tissues, and employed to profile histone H4 modifications in cancer samples and normal tissues, identifying previously reported differences, as well as novel ones.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis protocol widens the number of applications available in the toolbox of clinical epigenomics, allowing the investigation of a larger spectrum of histone marks in patient samples.
Quantitative Urinary Proteome Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Authors: Chen Honghao , Lin Houwei , Xu Maosheng , Xu Guofeng , Fang Xiaoliang , He Lei , Chen Zhoutong , Wu Zhixiang , Geng Hongquan 
Published: November 2018

PurposeUreteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common obstructive disease. To investigate useful urinary biomarkers in UPJO children, the urinary proteome in UPJO infants is analyzed and it is compared with normal controls.Experimental designA tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based quantitative proteomics study is performed to analyze the proteome of bladder urine (BU) and pelvis urine (PU) from unilateral UPJO infants with differential renal function less than 40% and they are compared with normal control urine (CON). GO analysis is then utilized to analyze general characterization of the proteins. Proteomic results are verified by western blot.ResultsThere are 81 and 186 proteins significantly changed in BU and PU groups, respectively, as compared to the CON group. Fifty proteins overlaps are found between these two sets of statistically significant differential proteins. These 50 common differential proteins are involved in multiple biological processes. The increased urinary abundance of Fetuin‐A, AGP1, AGP2, Alpha‐1‐microglobulin/Bikunin Precursor (AMBP), and prostaglandin‐H2D‐isomerase (PGDS) are verified by western blot analysis.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis proteomic analysis indicates that urinary Fetuin‐A, AGP1, AGP2, protein AMBP, and PGDS may serve as noninvasive potential biomarkers and these proteins can help to further yield pathological mechanisms involved in UPJO.
Transcription factor FTZ‐F1 and cis‐acting elements mediate expression of CYP6BG1 conferring resistance to chlorantraniliprole in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Li Xiuxia , Shan Chunyang , Li Fen , Liang Pei , Smagghe Guy , Gao Xiwu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCytochrome P450‐mediated detoxification plays an important role in the development of insecticide resistance. Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of CYP6BG1 was responsible for permethrin resistance in Plutella xylostella, and our experiments also showed that upregulation of this gene is associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in P. xylostella. However, the transcriptional regulation involved in the expression of CYP6BG1 remains unknown. To further investigate the regulation of CYP6BG1 expression, the promoters of this gene were cloned and analyzed from one susceptible and four different resistant populations of P. xylostella.RESULTSFirst, the promoter region of P. xylostella CYP6BG1 was compared in five populations, and three types of 5′‐flanking region were found. Second, the region between −562 and +49 of CYP6BG1 in a field population (TH) of P. xylostella showed the highest promoter activity and could be induced by chlorantraniliprole. Third, the transcriptional factor FTZ‐F1, which is an orphan nuclear receptor and binds to the fushi tarazu (ftz) gene, was predicted by the online software Alggen and Jaspar. It was proved to regulate the expression of CYP6BG1 by RNAi. The expression levels of FTZ‐F1 and CYP6BG1 could be induced by chlorantraniliprole and were significantly higher in the resistant populations.CONCLUSIONSThese data give a better understanding of the transcriptional regulation of an important insecticide detoxification enzyme gene, and therefore will help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in P. xylostella. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
An Additive of Sulfonic Lithium Salt for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Luo Hui , Wu Jihuai , Liu Quanzhen , Zhang Mingjing , Yuan Pengqiang , Huang Miaoliang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe perovskite layer has an important influence on the photovoltaic performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In order to improve the morphology and crystallinity of the perovskite film, the additive of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) is introduced in the perovskite precursor solution. And the perovskite solar cell with architecture of FTO/compact TiO2/mesoporous TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro‐OMeTAD/Au is fabricated. By optimizing the concentration of LiTFSI, the fabricated PSC shows the best power conversion efficiency of 17.30% with a fixed device area of 1.5×1.5 cm2 under one sun illumination, while the device without LiTFSI introduction has an efficiency of 15.53% at the same test condition. The morphology observation and photoelectrical characterization demonstrate that the significant improvement of the device performance results from the charge carrier's fast transportation and less recombination for larger grain sizes and fewer grain boundaries by doping LiTFSI into perovskite precursor solution.
Facile Synthesis of Electrospun Nickel (II) Oxide Nanofibers and Its Application for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Vadnala Sudharshan , Tripathy Suryasnata , Paul Nirupam , Agrawal Amit , Singh S. G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to report an alternative technique of creating nickel oxide (NiO) nanofibers, manufactured by facile and economical electrospinning process. The crystallinity nature of NiO nanofibers is investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Nanofibers morphology is examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The diameter of the nanofibers is varying from of 100–150 nm. Furthermore, Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) pattern revealed that NiO nanofibers are exhibiting a single phase crystalline structure. The NiO nanofibers modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed an excellent performance towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This sensor showed a wide range of detection from 10 μM to 50 mM, low limit of detection 0.33 μM and high sensitivity 42.09 μA μM−1cm−2 for H2O2 detection. The entire analysis reaffirms the suitability of NiO nanofibers as one of the futuristic sensing material for H2O2 detection.
One‐pot, Four‐Component Green Synthesis, Carbonic Anhydrase II Inhibition and Docking Studies of 5‐Arylidenerhodanines
Authors: Mermer Arif , Demirbas Neslihan , Colak Ahmet , Demir Elif Ayazoglu , Kulabas Necla , Demirbas Ahmet 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the present study, a planning strategy for N‐substituted‐5‐arylidenerhodanines was developed by the condensation between 3‐morpholinopropan‐1‐amine, aldehyde, ethyl bromoacetate and carbon disulfide in the presence of trimethylamine in water via a one‐pot, sequential four component reaction at room temperature and additionally microwave and ultrasound irradiated techniques. The synthesis of arylidenerhodanine derivatives was performed through the optimized one pot strategy starting from commercially available materials in high yields and purity without troublesome work‐ups, after recrystallization from an appropriate solvent. Enzyme inhibition activity screening studies on CA II was also carried out. IC50 values of some of examined molecules could be determined and it was observed that they were nanomolar level except for 1r, and lower than that of reference molecule. The inhibition in the range of 8.6‐99.4% was seen in the presence of newly synthesized molecules at their reachable maximum concentration in the reaction mixtures. Among the examined molecules, 5a and 5p with the two lowest IC50 values were found to be the most potent inhibitors. In silico studies showed that all of the rhodanine derivatives have higher affinity than reference ligand against binding site, while none of the compounds have demonstrated any interaction with Zn2+ as with the classical sulfonamides.
Selective Navigation of Bisphenol‐A from Water to a Polarity Tuned Porous Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors: Guin Jhimli Paul , Dinc Mehmet , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel water compatible thermally stable molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized with bi‐functional monomers such as methacrylic acid (MAA) and 4‐vinyl pyridine (4VP) in the presence of mixed porogens such as THF and toluene for selectively higher adsorption of potential genotoxic compound Bisphenol‐A (BPA) compared to other structurally comparable phenolic compounds from aqueous solution at pH 7.0. The specific adsorption capacity (56.58 mg/g) and selectivity for BPA compared to non imprinted polymer (NIP) (44.10 mg/g) were achieved at 298 K under optimized conditions. The mesoporous imprints in the macroporous polymeric structure, higher pore volume, higher surface area, synergistic effect of H‐bonding, van der Waals force and π‐π interaction in bi‐functional cavities of MIP improved the recognition selectivity of BPA compared to NIP. The comparison of experimental adsorption isotherm with sixteen adsorption isotherm models conferred that the adsorption of BPA on MIP happened to energetically heterogeneous sites of the imprinted polymer through a spontaneous exothermic process. The kinetics of adsorption of BPA by MIP was best modeled via non‐linear pseudo‐second order kinetics. That novel MIP was found to be reusable for several cycles. This is the first report of the synthesis of thermally stable and mesoporous MAA‐4VP bi‐functional bulk MIPs having excellent selectivity, rapid binding kinetics and appropriate adsorption capacity for adsorption of BPA in water.
Silver‐Catalyzed Arylation of (Hetero)arenes via Oxidative Benzylic C−C Bond Cleavage of Benzyl Alcohols/ Benzaldehyde
Authors: Mahajan Bhushan , Aand Dnyaneshwar , Singh Ajay K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransition metal catalyzed direct cross coupling between benzyl alcohols/benzaldehyde and arenes/heteroarenes have been developed. By controlling electronic features of ancillary ligands, selectivity switch was observed between alkylated and arylated product. This newly developed protocol involves multi‐step alkyl oxidation and subsequent decarboxylative cross‐coupling to generate aryl‐aryl (C−C bond) scaffolds via radical pathways.