bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate Partner Violence: Access to Protection Beyond the Pandemic
Authors: Wechsler Rachel 
Published: October 2024

Civil protection orders are the most common legal remedy victims pursue in response to intimate partner violence (“IPV”). They are more empowering for victims than the criminal legal system because victims themselves, instead of prosecutors, drive the process, and they offer more flexible and tailored relief. This Article argues that victims should be able to choose how they file petitions and participate in civil protection order hearings, and that judges should be required to honor those preferences absent good cause. This conclusion is driven by two new, original sets of empirical data collected from IPV survivors who have sought civil protection orders and legal services providers who assist victims with navigating the process.
The data from legal services providers provide a picture of court protective order procedures in jurisdictions across the country from before, during, and in the late stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, once public health restrictions were generally lifted. This complements the rich data about the lived experiences of survivors who sought a protection order against their abuser during the pandemic in one of New York City’s five family courts. 85% of participants in this study are women of color, whose lived experiences are especially important to understand because they comprise a population that is disproportionately impacted by IPV.
The data indicate that IPV victims have diverse preferences with respect to method of participation in hearings, based on their varying needs, concerns, priorities, and circumstances. The current landscape of procedures across the country largely fails to account for this diversity by mandating a particular participation method or by allowing individual judges to do so in accordance with their own preferences. Based on the research results, this Article argues for codifying “accessible process pluralism” in state protective order statutes. This statutory framework would give petitioners the opportunity to indicate their hearing participation preference on the petition itself and require judges to follow these choices absent good cause, among other accessibility-focused provisions. By harnessing the innovations and lessons from the pandemic, this proposal promotes survivor empowerment and access to justice for both petitioners and respondents.
التقنيات الأسلوبية في شعر تميم البرغوثي
Authors: الجوراني احمد ابراهيم احمد , سعادة جورج 
Published: October 2024

يعاين هذا البحث مجموعة من التقنيات الأسلوبية التي زخر بها شعر تميم البرغوثي، كالتناص واستدعاء الموروث الديني، والرمز واستخدام الصورة الفنية، والبنى التركيبية فيه. وقد أبانت عن قدرة الشاعر الفائقة في استثماره للغة وطاقاتها، وتقنية التكرار التي أظهرت انفعالاته وأعطت النص الشعري النغم الموسيقي الجذاب لمشاعر المتلقي، وتقنية التناص قد عكست خلفيات الشاعر الثقافية وخاصة الدينية منها. إن هذه التقنيات الأسلوبية هي التي شكلت بصمة فارقة في شعر البرغوثي، وجعلته أنموذجاً مختلفاً، حيث لاحظت الدراسة أن تقنية التناص أخذت مساحة مهمة من شعره، وتقنية الصورة الفنية انصهرت فيها انفعالات الشاعر وجعلها مفتاحاً لدخول القصيدة وعالمها، وكشف غوامضها. بدأ البحث بمقدمة وقسم إلى مبحثين: عنون المبحث الأول بتعريف مفهوم التقنيات الأسلوبية والتعريف بحياة تميم البرغوثي وشعره. أما المبحث الثاني فقد عنون بتقنيات الأسلوب في شعره، وقد تناول ثلاثة مطالب: تحدث الأول منها عن التناص واستدعاء الموروث الديني. أما الثاني فقد تناول فكرة الرمز والمشابهة. أما المطلب الثالث فقد عمل على رصد البنى الإيقاعية في شعر الشاعر، وانتهى البحث بخاتمة تتضمن أبرز النتائج التي توصل إليها، وقائمة بالمصادر والمراجع التي استعان بها.
SUBSIDY REMOVAL AND INDEPENDENT OIL MARKETERS’ ACTIVITIES IN THE NIGERIAN DOWNSTREAM SECTOR: A CATALYST FOR PROGRESS
Authors: NKWEDE MARIA-FRIDAY, C , NWAMBEKE CHINEDU GODFREY , CHINEDU NKWAGU LOUIS 
Published: October 2024

It is general assumed that the removal of an impediment to the development of a matter can stimulate progress. The Nigerian economy is a mono economy solely dependent on the proceeds from oil for survival Crude oil is the mainstay of the Nigerian economy attracting up to 80% of the country foreign exchange. With its pivotal role in the development of the Nigerian economy this study focuses on accessing the activities of independent oil marketers in the Nigerian downstream oil and gas sector within the context of subsidy removal with the intention of making a case for their scrapping or retention. The marketing function of distribution is at the heart of marketing which borders squarely on logistics. However, the nefarious activities of oil distributors otherwise called independent oil marketers erode this function completely. The study adopts a thematic research design wherein existing literature on the subject matter were reviewed to discover gaps and outcomes for future research. From the findings, the retention of the independent oil marketers’ activities due to its vital position in the provision of the final consumer is recommended however, an increase in the supply of crude oil within the economy through the revitalization of the dilapidated refineries in Nigeria should also be considered; this would reduce the dependency on oil and development other sectors of the economy.
Application Of Role Playing Learning Model Using Image Media In Students Of MI NW Aik Anyar Sukamulia East Lombok
Authors: Muliadi  , Mahsur  
Published: October 2024

This research focuses on showing the application model of role playing learning by using image media in MI NW Aik Anyar Sukamulia East Lombok students. By applying the learning model, it does not escape the condition of students who are less effective in following the learning provided by the teacher. By seeing the lack of effectiveness in teaching, teachers apply the role playing learning model. This research is a Classroom Action Research, with data collection such as observation, and tests. The results found that when the teacher applied the role playing method model in cycle I to 23 students or 70% and improved again in cycle II so that student learning completeness reached 92% or 31 students. Thus it can be said that, the role playing method is a very effective method for teachers to apply in teaching MI NW Aik Anyar Sukamulia East Lombok students.
Portraiturer le monde à hauteur d’enfant : la transmission des connaissances dans la collection « Connais-tu mon pays » (Hatier)
Authors: Martens David 
Published: October 2024

Parallèlement à celles destinées aux adultes, durant les Trente Glorieuses, de nombreuses collections de portraits phototextuels de pays voient le jour. Ainsi en va-t-il d’une série telle que « Connais-tu mon pays » (Hatier), qui se signale en ce que les textes de chacun des 14 volumes parus dans la collection sont signés par une seule et même autrice, Colette Nast. Ce projet éditorial revêt une dimension pédagogique marquée, le portrait apparaissant comme un moyen d’acquisition de connaissances qui recoupe à certains égards celles du cadre scolaire. Pour ce faire, et comme pour se placer « à hauteur d’enfant », la série met systématiquement en oeuvre un dispositif mettant en scène un jeune enfant local guidant les lecteurs, par une narration, à travers les réalités géographiques, historiques et sociales qu’il s’agit de présenter. Mais, ce faisant, il livre un savoir demeurant, en définitive, dispensé par des figures adultes.
Reasons for Hospital Admission in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Paredes Danelvis , Lackey Elijah , Shah Suma 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND:Health care utilization is higher in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the general population. However, there are limited data on the reasons for their hospital admissions. Our primary objective is to analyze the reasons for the hospitalization of individuals with MS with the goal of identifying preventable causes.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort of adults with a confirmed diagnosis of MS admitted to Duke University Hospital between January 2018 and January 2020. This yielded a cohort of 210 individuals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.RESULTS:The most common reason for admission was urinary tract infection (UTI; 10.3%). The average length of stay was 6.1 days for the individuals with MS vs 5.5 days for the general population. The 30-day readmission rates were 14.9% and 15.5%, respectively. A significant number of admitted patients were not on any disease-modifying therapy (DMT), and no difference in median age was identified between those with a DMT vs those without.CONCLUSIONS:Length of stay and readmission rates were similar to those of the general population in this contemporary cohort. Given the prevalence of bladder dysfunction in MS, it is not surprising that a UTI was the most common reason for admission. Actively addressing management of and techniques for bladder dysfunction may decrease the admission rate for individuals with MS. Though we now have more treatment options for MS, many individuals with the highest health care utilization are not on a DMT. Future research is needed to identify the factors that can be addressed to support these patients and reduce preventable hospitalizations.
Attribution of Anthropogenic Influence on Atmospheric Patterns Conducive to Recent Most Severe Haze Over Eastern China
Authors: Li Ke , Liao Hong , Cai Wenju , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSevere haze pollution in eastern China has caused substantial health impacts and economic loss. Conducive atmospheric conditions are important to affect occurrence of severe haze events, and circulation changes induced by future global climate warming are projected to increase the frequency of such events. However, a potential contribution of an anthropogenic influence to recent most severe haze (December 2015 and January 2013) over eastern China remains unclear. Here we show that the anthropogenic influence, which is estimated by using large ensemble runs with a climate model forced with and without anthropogenic forcings, has already increased the probability of the atmospheric patterns conducive to severe haze by at least 45% in January 2013 and 27% in December 2015, respectively. We further confirm that simulated atmospheric circulation pattern changes induced by anthropogenic influence are driven mainly by increased greenhouse gas emissions. Our results suggest that more strict reductions in pollutant emissions are needed under future anthropogenic warming.
Contemporary Deformation of the North China Plain From Global Positioning System Data
Authors: Zhang Y. G. , Zheng W. J. , Wang Y. J. , Zhang D. L. , Tian Y. T. , Wang M. , Zhang Z. Q. , Zhang P. Z. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe North China Plain (NCP) is a region with high level of seismic hazard. Previous Global Positioning System measurements, however, have shown a near absence of present‐day crustal deformation. Using updated Global Positioning System data covering three blocks of the eastern China, we discover that interseismic deformation in the NCP takes place in an ~1,100 km wide left‐lateral shear zone of roughly east‐west orientation. The 6.0 ± 1.3 mm/yr interseismic left‐lateral shear over the NCP results in contemporary deformation that is eventually accommodated by earthquake ruptures of right‐lateral strike‐slip along the north‐northeast trending faults and anticlockwise block rotates. We suggest that rapid eastward motion of the rigid South China block, with respect to the rigid Amurian block, has created a left‐lateral shear couple to twist the nonrigid NCP to form the contemporary deformation.
Spatial Representativeness Error in the Ground‐Level Observation Networks for Black Carbon Radiation Absorption
Authors: Wang Rong , Andrews Elisabeth , Balkanski Yves , Boucher Olivier , Myhre Gunnar , Samset Bjørn Hallvard , Schulz Michael , Schuster Gregory L. , Valari Myrto , Tao Shu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is high uncertainty in the direct radiative forcing of black carbon (BC), an aerosol that strongly absorbs solar radiation. The observation‐constrained estimate, which is several times larger than the bottom‐up estimate, is influenced by the spatial representativeness error due to the mesoscale inhomogeneity of the aerosol fields and the relatively low resolution of global chemistry‐transport models. Here we evaluated the spatial representativeness error for two widely used observational networks (AErosol RObotic NETwork and Global Atmosphere Watch) by downscaling the geospatial grid in a global model of BC aerosol absorption optical depth to 0.1° × 0.1°. Comparing the models at a spatial resolution of 2° × 2° with BC aerosol absorption at AErosol RObotic NETwork sites (which are commonly located near emission hot spots) tends to cause a global spatial representativeness error of 30%, as a positive bias for the current top‐down estimate of global BC direct radiative forcing. By contrast, the global spatial representativeness error will be 7% for the Global Atmosphere Watch network, because the sites are located in such a way that there are almost an equal number of sites with positive or negative representativeness error.
What Controls ENSO‐Amplitude Diversity in Climate Models?
Authors: Wengel C. , Dommenget D. , Latif M. , Bayr T. , Vijayeta A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClimate models depict large diversity in the strength of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (ENSO amplitude). Here we investigate ENSO‐amplitude diversity in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) by means of the linear recharge oscillator model, which reduces ENSO dynamics to a two‐dimensional problem in terms of eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (T) and equatorial Pacific upper ocean heat content anomalies (h). We find that a large contribution to ENSO‐amplitude diversity originates from stochastic forcing. Further, significant interactions exist between the stochastic forcing and the growth rates of T and h with competing effects on ENSO amplitude. The joint consideration of stochastic forcing and growth rates explains more than 80% of the ENSO‐amplitude variance within CMIP5. Our results can readily explain the lack of correlation between the Bjerknes Stability index, a measure of the growth rate of T, and ENSO amplitude in a multimodel ensemble.
Continuous Gravity and Tilt Reveal Anomalous Pressure and Density Changes Associated With Gas Pistoning Within the Summit Lava Lake of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i
Authors: Poland Michael P. , Carbone Daniele 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGas piston events within the summit eruptive vent of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, are characterized by increases in lava level and by decreases in seismic energy release, spattering, and degassing. During 2010–2011, gas piston events were especially well manifested, with lava level rises of tens of meters over the course of several hours, followed by a sudden drop to preevent levels. The changes in lava level were accompanied by directly proportional changes in gravity, but ground deformation determined from tilt was anticorrelative. The small magnitude of the gravity changes, compared to the large changes in volume within the vent during gas pistons, suggests that pistoning involves the accumulation of a very low‐density (100–200 kg/m3) foam at the top of the lava column. Co‐event ground tilt indicates that rise in lava level is paradoxically associated with deflation (the opposite is usually true), which can be modeled as an increase in the gas content of the magma column between the source reservoir and the surface. Gas pistoning behavior is therefore associated with not only accumulation of a shallow magmatic foam but also more bubbles within the feeder conduit, probably due to the overall decrease in gas emissions from the lava lake during piston events.
Resolving Tropical Cyclone Intensity in Models
Authors: Davis C. A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn recent years, global weather forecast models and global climate models have begun to depict intense tropical cyclones, even up to category 5 on the Saffir‐Simpson scale. In light of the limitation of horizontal resolution in such models, the author performs calculations, using the extended Best Track data for Atlantic tropical cyclones, to estimate the ability of models with differing grid spacing to represent Atlantic tropical cyclone intensity statistically. Results indicate that, under optimistic assumptions, models with horizontal grid spacing of one fourth degree or coarser should not produce a realistic number of category 4 and 5 storms unless there are errors in spatial attributes of the wind field. Furthermore, the case of Irma (2017) is used to demonstrate the importance of a realistic depiction of angular momentum and to motivate the use of angular momentum in model evaluation.
The Worldwide Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect: Definitions, Mechanisms, and Prospects
Authors: Alves Eduardo Q. , Macario Kita , Ascough Philippa , Bronk Ramsey Christopher 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhen a carbon reservoir has a lower radiocarbon content than the atmosphere, this is referred to as a reservoir effect. This is expressed as an offset between the radiocarbon ages of samples from the two reservoirs at a single point in time. The marine reservoir effect (MRE) has been a major concern in the radiocarbon community, as it introduces an additional source of error that is often difficult to accurately quantify. For this reason, researchers are often reluctant to date marine material where they have another option. The influence of this phenomenon makes the study of the MRE important for a broad range of applications. The advent of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) has reduced sample size requirements and increased measurement precision, in turn increasing the number of studies seeking to measure marine samples. These studies rely on overcoming the influence of the MRE on marine radiocarbon dates through the worldwide quantification of the local parameter ΔR, that is, the local variation from the global average MRE. Furthermore, the strong dependence on ocean dynamics makes the MRE a useful indicator for changes in oceanic circulation, carbon exchange between reservoirs, and the fate of atmospheric CO2, all of which impact Earth's climate. This article explores data from the Marine Reservoir Database and reviews the place of natural radiocarbon in oceanic records, focusing on key questions (e.g., changes in ocean dynamics) that have been answered by MRE studies and on their application to different subjects.
Nutrient Fluxes From Profundal Sediment of Ultra‐Oligotrophic Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada: Implications for Water Quality and Management in a Changing Climate
Authors: Beutel Marc W. , Horne Alexander J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA warming climate is expected to lead to stronger thermal stratification, less frequent deep mixing, and greater potential for bottom water anoxia in deep, temperate oligotrophic lakes. As a result, there is growing interest in understanding nutrient cycling at the profundal sediment‐water interface of these rare ecosystems. This paper assessed nutrient content and nutrient flux rates from profundal sediment at Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada, USA. Sediment is a large reservoir of nutrients, with the upper 5 cm containing reduced nitrogen (∼6,300 metric tons) and redox‐sensitive phosphorus (∼710 metric tons) equivalent to ∼15 times the annual external load. Experimental results indicate that if deep water in Lake Tahoe goes anoxic, profundal sediment will release appreciable amounts of phosphate (0.13–0.29 mg P/m2·d), ammonia (0.49 mg N/m2·d), and iron to overlaying water. Assuming a 10 year duration of bottom water anoxia followed by a deep‐water mixing event, water column phosphate, and ammonia concentrations would increase by an estimated 1.6 µg P/L and 2.9 µg N/L, nearly doubling ambient concentrations. Based on historic nutrient enrichment assays this could lead to a ∼40% increase in algal growth. Iron release could have the dual effect of alleviating nitrate limitation on algal growth while promoting the formation of fine iron oxyhydroxide particles that degrade water clarity. If the depth and frequency of lake mixing decrease in the future as hydrodynamic models suggest, large‐scale in‐lake management strategies that impede internal nutrient loading in Lake Tahoe, such as bottom water oxygen addition or aluminum salt addition, may need to be considered.
Remote Detection of Saline Intrusion in a Coastal Aquifer Using Borehole Measurements of Self‐Potential
Authors: MacAllister DJ. , Jackson M. D. , Butler A. P. , Vinogradov J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo years of self‐potential (SP) measurements were made in a monitoring borehole in the coastal UK Chalk aquifer. The borehole SP data showed a persistent gradient with depth, and temporal variations with a tidal power spectrum consistent with ocean tides. No gradient with depth was observed at a second coastal monitoring borehole ca. 1 km further inland, and no gradient or tidal power spectrum were observed at an inland site ca. 80 km from the coast. Numerical modeling suggests that the SP gradient recorded in the coastal monitoring borehole is dominated by the exclusion‐diffusion potential, which arises from the concentration gradient across a saline front in close proximity to, but not intersecting, the base of the borehole. No such saline front is present at the two other monitoring sites. Modeling further suggests that the ocean tidal SP response in the borehole, measured prior to breakthrough of saline water, is dominated by the exclusion‐diffusion potential across the saline front, and that the SP fluctuations are due to the tidal movement of the remote front. The electrokinetic potential, caused by changes in hydraulic head across the tide, is one order of magnitude too small to explain the observed SP data. The results suggest that in coastal aquifers, the exclusion‐diffusion potential plays a dominant role in borehole SP when a saline front is nearby. The SP gradient with depth indicates the close proximity of the saline front to the borehole and changes in SP at the borehole reflect changes in the location of the saline front. Thus, SP monitoring can be used to facilitate more proactive management of abstraction and saline intrusion in coastal aquifers.