bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of methods to microscopically detect and quantify malaria parasitaemia
Authors: Mischlinger Johannes , Pitzinger Paul , Veletzky Luzia , Groger Mirjam , Zoleko‐Manego Rella , Adegnika Ayola A. , Agnandji Selidji T. , Lell Bertrand , Kremsner Peter G. , Mombo‐Ngoma Ghyslain , Mordmüller Benjamin , Ramharter Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe recommended microscopy method by WHO to quantify malaria parasitaemia yields inaccurate results when individual leucocyte (WBC) counts deviate from 8000 leucocytes/μl. A method avoiding WBC count assumptions is the Lambaréné method (LAMBA). Thus, this study compared validity and reliability of the LAMBA and the WHO method.MethodsThree methods for counting parasitaemia were applied in parallel in a blinded assessment: the LAMBA, the WHO method using a standard factor of 8000 leucocytes/μl [‘simple WHO method’ (sWHO)] and the WHO method using measured WBC counts [‘accurate WHO method’ (aWHO)]. Validity was assessed by comparing LAMBA and sWHO to the gold standard measurement of aWHO. Reliability was ascertained by computation of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results787 malaria‐positive thick smears were analysed. Parasitaemia as determined by LAMBA and sWHO increasingly deviated from aWHO the more patients’ WBCs diverged from 8000/μl. Equations of linear regression models assessing method deviation in percent from gold standard as function of WBC count were y = −0.00608x (95% CI −0.00693 to −0.00524) + 47.8 for LAMBA and y = −0.0125x (95% CI −0.01253 to −0.01247) + 100.1 for sWHO. Comparison of regression slopes showed that the deviation was twice as high for sWHO as for LAMBA (P < 0.001). ICCs were excellent (>90%) for both methods.ConclusionsThe LAMBA has higher validity than the sWHO and may therefore be preferable in resource‐limited settings without access to routine WBC‐evaluation.
The impact of common native language and immigration on imports
Authors: Egger Peter H. , Lassmann Andrea 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper sheds light on the impact of common native language and immigration—both jointly and separately—on imports. Common native language and immigrant networks stimulate bilateral trade relationships by reducing transaction costs through both market creation and the removal of information asymmetries. Whereas evidence on the importance of weak links for trade provides support for the first channel, the need for additional immigrants does not decline, if the second mechanism proves to be a driver of trade relationships. For estimation of a causal and nonlinear effect of the two—common native language and immigration—on imports, we employ a flexible identification strategy, which allows common native language and migration to be endogenous. The results suggest that both common native language and immigration raise imports, but the impact of common native language is ever increasing with its level, whereas that of immigration is of declining importance as its level increases.
Musculoskeletal Pain and Headache in the Active Duty Military Population: An Integrative Review
Authors: Bader Christine E. , Giordano Nicholas A. , McDonald Catherine C. , Meghani Salimah H. , Polomano Rosemary C. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundSince 2001, the U.S. Armed Forces’ training and deployment have greatly increased, escalating the risk of injury and pain‐related issues both at home station and deployment environments.AimsThis integrative review examines the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for musculoskeletal pain (MSP) and headaches in active duty (AD) military populations.MethodsPeer‐reviewed research published between 2001 and 2016 was identified relevant to MSP and headache in AD military personnel using MeSH terms in key biomedical databases. Inclusion criteria were: epidemiological studies examining MSP or headache as primary or secondary outcome; samples that included AD populations; and studies conducted in the theater of operations, at home station, and in military treatment or Veterans Health Administration facilities.ResultsTwenty‐six articles met inclusion criteria. Low back pain (LBP) was the most prevalent MSP diagnosis. The incidence of LBP was 40.5 per 1,000 person‐years and was comparable to nonmilitary populations. Inflammation and pain from overuse comprised the largest proportion of injury mechanism, accounting for about 82% of all injuries among nondeployed military personnel. The risk of MSP was greater for AD, female, Army, enlisted personnel, and those with greater time in a motor vehicle. Evidence suggests posttraumatic headache, occurring in up to 92% of military personnel who have sustained a mild traumatic brain injury, is associated with chronic daily headaches.ImplicationsNurses must recognize the consequences military service can have on the development of pain. Nurses have an opportunity to positively impact the health and well‐being of military and veteran populations through early recognition and treatment of pain.Linking Evidence to ActionThe findings from this review underscore considerable magnitude of MSP in military personnel and expose modifiable risk factors and potential targets for designing nurse‐led interventions to improve pain and symptoms in military subpopulations.
Match injury incidence during the Super Rugby tournament is high: a prospective cohort study over five seasons involving 93 641 player-hours
Authors: Schwellnus Martin P , Jordaan Esme , Janse van Rensburg Charl , Bayne Helen , Derman Wayne , Readhead Clint , Collins Rob , Kourie Alan , Suter Jason , Strauss Org 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the incidence and nature of injuries in the Super Rugby tournament over a 5-year period.Methods482 male professional rugby union players from six South African teams participating in the Super Rugby tournament were studied (1020 player-seasons). Medical staff of participating teams (2012–2016 tournaments) recorded all time loss injuries (total injuries and match injuries) and exposure hours (93 641 total playing hours; 8032 match hours). Injury incidence, injured player proportion, severity (time lost), anatomical location, tissue type and activity/phase during which injury occurred are reported.ResultsThe overall incidence of match injuries (per 1000 player-hours; 95% CI) for each year was as follows: 2012 (83.3; 69.4–99.2); 2013 (115.1; 98.7–133.5); 2014 (95.9; 80.8–113.1), 2015 (112.3; 96.6–129.9) and 2016 (93.2; 79.9–107.9). The injured player proportion for each year was as follows: 2012 (54.6%); 2013 (49.4%); 2014 (52.0%); 2015 (50.0%); and 2016 (39.8%). The thigh, knee, head/face and shoulder/clavicle are the most frequently injured locations, and muscle/tendon and joint/ligament injuries account for the majority of injuries. Most injuries (79%) occur in contact situations, in particular during a tackle (54%).ConclusionThe incidence of match injuries and the injured player proportion in South African teams competing in the Super Rugby tournament is high. Match injury incidence is consistently higher than previously reported for senior male rugby players at elite/professional level. Targeted risk management strategies are therefore needed in the Super Rugby tournament to manage risk of injury.
Development and evaluation of percentile distribution of body weight by gestational week as a tool for gestational weight management: a retrospective study based on hospital routine data
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Liping , Yin Chuanmin , Mu Kai , Niu Dayan , Yan Weili 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesThis study aimed to construct and validate smoothed gestational weight centile curves based on preconception weight status for Chinese pregnant women.DesignA retrospective study based on hospital routine dataSettingHospital prenatal care.PopulationA cohort of pregnant Chinese women with preconception and gestational body weights without maternal or neonatal complications (sample 1, n=2992), and a non-selective independent sample (sample 2, n=7420), were selected from hospital routine data for curve construction and validation.Study designSmoothed body weight centile curves for each gestational week were constructed using the LMS method in sample 1. Validation in sample 2 included analysis of agreement between predicted weight at the 38th week and observed values using the Bland–Altman Index. Predictions were also compared with international curves.ResultsSmoothed centile curves of gestational weight for the three preconception body mass index groups showed a similar non-linear increasing trend. The differences between predicted body weights and observed values were 0.66±1.58 kg, 0.14±1.61 kg and −0.54±2.06 kg in the underweight, normal weight and overweight groups, respectively. Bland-Altman Index values were 5.2%, 5.6% and 4.7% in the underweight, normal weight and overweight groups, respectively, with limits of agreement of −2.4~3.8 kg, –3.0~3.3 kg and −4.4~3.4 kg, respectively. These limits of agreement were narrower than those of available international curves.ConclusionBody weight percentiles for gestational weeks 0–42 were proposed for underweight, normal weight or overweight Chinese women. These curves could constitute a useful tool for individualised gestational weight management by predicting body weight at a later gestation phase.
Continuity of care with doctors—a matter of life and death? A systematic review of continuity of care and mortality
Authors: Pereira Gray Denis J , Sidaway-Lee Kate , White Eleanor , Thorne Angus , Evans Philip H 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveContinuity of care is a long-standing feature of healthcare, especially of general practice. It is associated with increased patient satisfaction, increased take-up of health promotion, greater adherence to medical advice and decreased use of hospital services. This review aims to examine whether there is a relationship between the receipt of continuity of doctor care and mortality.DesignSystematic review without meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase and the Web of Science, from 1996 to 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPeer-reviewed primary research articles, published in English which reported measured continuity of care received by patients from any kind of doctor, in any setting, in any country, related to measured mortality of those patients.ResultsOf the 726 articles identified in searches, 22 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The studies were all cohort or cross-sectional and most adjusted for multiple potential confounding factors. These studies came from nine countries with very different cultures and health systems. We found such heterogeneity of continuity and mortality measurement methods and time frames that it was not possible to combine the results of studies. However, 18 (81.8%) high-quality studies reported statistically significant reductions in mortality, with increased continuity of care. 16 of these were with all-cause mortality. Three others showed no association and one demonstrated mixed results. These significant protective effects occurred with both generalist and specialist doctors.ConclusionsThis first systematic review reveals that increased continuity of care by doctors is associated with lower mortality rates. Although all the evidence is observational, patients across cultural boundaries appear to benefit from continuity of care with both generalist and specialist doctors. Many of these articles called for continuity to be given a higher priority in healthcare planning. Despite substantial, successive, technical advances in medicine, interpersonal factors remain important.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016042091.
Multiple HBV transfusion transmissions from undetected occult infections: revising the minimal infectious dose
Authors: Candotti Daniel , Assennato Sonny Michael , Laperche Syria , Allain Jean-Pierre , Levicnik-Stezinar Snezna 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveHBV infection by blood components is currently prevented in most developed countries by combining sensitive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) assays, nucleic acid testing (NAT) and in a few of them antibodies against the HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) screening. HBV transmissions by blood components from three repeat donors tested negative for HBsAg and HBV DNA with a highly sensitive screening test (limit of detection (LOD): 3.4 IU/mL) were investigated.Design30 of the 47 recipients of components produced from these three donors were examined. Transfusion transmission was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of viral sequences obtained from recipients and donors following viral particle concentration.Results9 of 31 (29%) recipients were infected: 7 infections were related to 200 mL of fresh frozen plasma and 2 infections to red blood cells containing 20 mL plasma. Transfusion transmission was confirmed by >99% identity of donor/recipient sequences in five cases, probable in three and possible in one. HBV active infection remained unsuspected for 24–57 months in three recipients. Five non-infected recipients carried anti-HBs when transfused. Six patients transfused with platelet concentrates treated with a pathogen reduction method were not infected. These data enabled to revise previous estimate of the minimal infectious dose from approximately 100 to 16 copies (or 3 IU) of HBV DNA.ConclusionsHBV transfusion transmission from occult HBV infection carrying extremely low viral loads is related to plasma volume transfused and possibly prevented by anti-HBs. HBV blood safety could be further improved by either anti-HBc screening, HBV DNA NAT with a LOD of 0.8 copies/mL (0.15 IU/mL) or pathogen reduction of blood components.
Hybrid turbidite–contourite systems of the Tanzanian margin
Authors: Sansom Pamela 
Published: June 2018

Extensive 3D seismic datasets acquired during exploration offshore southern Tanzania have revealed the complex architecture of two contrasting styles of hybrid turbidite–contourite deposits that formed in the Cretaceous (Albian–Early Campanian) and Paleogene (Paleocene–Oligocene). Both sequences are characterized by migrating channel-levee complexes, interpreted to record, and be diagnostic of, the synchronous interaction of eastward, downslope flowing turbidity currents and northerly, along-slope flowing contour currents. Flow stripping of the fine-grained suspended part of the turbulent flow by weak contour currents led to the formation of expanded levee-drifts on the northern (downstream) side of the channels, which prograded southwards (upstream), driving southwards migration of the turbidite channel axis.
The difference in the architecture of the two successions is due to the variation in slope topography at the time turbidite activity commenced and the frequency of coarse clastic input into the basin. Cretaceous (Albian–Campanian) turbidite systems were strongly controlled by the position of pre-existing contourite drifts and moats. The contorted geometry of the system provided loci for the deposition of Cretaceous reservoirs comprising thick, amalgamated channel deposits with a high net-to-gross ratio (N:G) and good vertical connectivity, and intra-slope fans with lower N:G and poor vertical connectivity.
Paleogene turbidite channels initially evolved on a smooth slope. Sustained southward channel migration produced Paleogene reservoirs comprising complexly laterally-connected sheets of channel and lobe deposits above a southward-younging, diachronous compound unconformity. In both hybrid systems, contour current influence modified the geometry of the turbidite systems, resulting in temporal and spatial partitioning of the depocentres on the slope.
Voltage-gated Ca2+channel activity modulates smooth muscle cell calcium waves in hamster cremaster arterioles
Authors: Jackson William F. , Boerman Erika M. 
Published: June 2018

Cremaster muscle arteriolar smooth muscle cells (SMCs) display inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-dependent Ca2+waves that contribute to global myoplasmic Ca2+concentration and myogenic tone. However, the contribution made by voltage-gated Ca2+channels (VGCCs) to arteriolar SMC Ca2+waves is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that VGCC activity modulates SMC Ca2+waves in pressurized (80 cmH2O/59 mmHg, 34°C) hamster cremaster muscle arterioles loaded with Fluo-4 and imaged by confocal microscopy. Removal of extracellular Ca2+dilated arterioles (32 ± 3 to 45 ± 3 μm, n = 15, P < 0.05) and inhibited the occurrence, amplitude, and frequency of Ca2+waves ( n = 15, P < 0.05), indicating dependence of Ca2+waves on Ca2+influx. Blockade of VGCCs with nifedipine (1 μM) or diltiazem (10 μM) or deactivation of VGCCs by hyperpolarization of smooth muscle with the K+channel agonist cromakalim (10 μM) produced similar inhibition of Ca2+waves ( P < 0.05). Conversely, depolarization of SMCs with the K+channel blocker tetraethylammonium (1 mM) constricted arterioles from 26 ± 3 to 14 ± 2 μm ( n = 11, P < 0.05) and increased wave occurrence (9 ± 3 to 16 ± 3 waves/SMC), amplitude (1.6 ± 0.07 to 1.9 ± 0.1), and frequency (0.5 ± 0.1 to 0.9 ± 0.2 Hz, n = 10, P < 0.05), effects that were blocked by nifedipine (1 μM, P < 0.05). Similarly, the VGCC agonist Bay K8644 (5 nM) constricted arterioles from 14 ± 1 to 8 ± 1 μm and increased wave occurrence (3 ± 1 to 10 ± 1 waves/SMC) and frequency (0.2 ± 0.1 to 0.6 ± 0.1 Hz, n = 6, P < 0.05), effects that were unaltered by ryanodine (50 μM, n = 6, P > 0.05). These data support the hypothesis that Ca2+waves in arteriolar SMCs depend, in part, on the activity of VGCCs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Arterioles that control blood flow to and within skeletal muscle depend on Ca2+influx through voltage-gated Ca2+channels and release of Ca2+from internal stores through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in the form of Ca2+waves to maintain pressure-induced smooth muscle tone.
Inhibition of programmed necrosis limits infarct size through altered mitochondrial and immune responses in the aged female rat heart
Authors: Garvin Alexandra M. , Jackson Morgan A. , Korzick Donna H. 
Published: June 2018

Both advancing age and estrogen loss exacerbate acute myocardial infarction in the female heart. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of age-related differences in cell death after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in female subjects and reductions in cardioprotective reserve capacity remain largely unexplored. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of programmed necrosis inhibition on infarct size reduction and preservation of left ventricular (LV) function after I/R injury with female aging. Fischer 344 rats were ovariectomized (OVX) at 15 mo and studied at 24 mo (MO OVX) versus adult rats with intact ovaries (6 mo). After in vivo coronary artery ligation (55-min ischemia and 2- or 6-h reperfusion), necrostatin-1 (Nec-1; 3.5 or 5.7 mg/kg) delivered upon reperfusion significantly reduced infarct size by 37% and improved LV function in the MO OVX group ( P < 0.01). Although age-associated elevations in cyclophilin D and mitochondrial acetylation ( P < 0.001) were unaffected by Nec-1, profound reductions in IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α ( P < 0.05) as well as cardiac immune cell infiltration were observed in MO OVX but not adult rats. We conclude that chronic inflammation and postmenopausal estrogen deficiency conspire to exacerbate acute infarction through a mechanism involving exaggerated mitochondria-mediated programmed necrosis through receptor-interacting protein 1 signaling. Modulatory effects of programmed necrosis inhibition on proinflammatory cytokine production after I/R reveal a potentially important mechanistic target to restore and preserve cardiac function in the OVX aged female heart. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myocardial infarct size reduction by inhibition of programmed necrosis in aged female subjects suggests a dominant cell death pathway. Alterations in mitochondrial protein levels and acetylation underscore a mitochondria-dependent mechanism, whereas the profound cytokine reduction in aged subjects alone points to a divergent role for immune modulation of programmed necrosis and viable therapeutic target.
Skeletal Muscle Loss Is an Imaging Biomarker of Outcome after Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Lee Jie , Chang Chih-Long , Lin Jhen-Bin , Wu Meng-Hao , Sun Fang-Ju , Jan Ya-Ting , Hsu Shih-Ming , Chen Yu-Jen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose: This study investigates the association between body composition change during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and outcome in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).
Experimental Design: Pre- and posttreatment CT images of 245 patients with LACC who were treated between 2004 and 2015 were analyzed. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and density (SMD), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), and visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) were measured from two sets of CT images at the level of the L3 vertebra. Sarcopenia and a low SMD were defined using published cut-off points. Predictors of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were analyzed using Cox regression models.
Results: The median follow-up was 62.7 (range, 7.3–152.3) months. Among the 245 patients, 127 (51.8%) had pretreatment sarcopenia, and 154 (62.9%) had a low SMD. SMI did not decrease significantly during CCRT, 0.6%/150 days [95% confidence interval (CI), −1.8–0.6; P = 0.35]. However, SMI loss during CCRT of &gt;10.0%/150 days was independently associated with poorer OS (HR, 6.02; 95% CI, 3.04–11.93; P &lt; 0.001) and CSS (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.44–8.42; P = 0.006) when adjusted for FIGO stage, pathology, and treatment. Pretreatment sarcopenia and change of SMD, SATI, and VATI during CCRT were not associated with survival.
Conclusions: Skeletal muscle measurements could be imaging biomarkers to predict outcomes for patients with LACC in clinical practice. Further studies are needed to determine whether multimodal interventions can preserve skeletal muscle mass and thereby improve survival. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5028–36. ©2018 AACR.
Dual Targeting of ERBB2/ERBB3 for the Treatment of SLC3A2-NRG1–Mediated Lung Cancer
Authors: Shin Dong Hoon , Jo Jeong Yeon , Han Ji-Youn 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We characterized the SLC3A2-NRG1 fusion gene in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and established an effective therapy for patients with SLC3A2-NRG1 fusion–positive cancer. The SLC3A2-NRG1 fusion product was composed of the SLC3A2 transmembrane domain and the EGF-like domain of the neuregulin 1 (NRG1) protein. The NRG1 family is classified as a ligand of the ERBB family. We identified ERBB3 and ERBB4 in the ERBB family as binding partners of the SLC3A2-NRG1 fusion protein via ligand and receptor binding assays. We confirmed that SLC3A2-NRG1 increased formation of a heterocomplex of ERBB3 with ERBB2. Activation of the ERBB2–ERBB3 heterocomplex by SLC3A2-NRG1 increased colony formation and tumor growth through PI3K-AKT and MAP kinase. The specific siRNAs for ERBB2 and ERBB3, pertuzumab, lumretuzumab, and afatinib all decreased ERBB2–ERBB3 heterocomplex formation, phosphorylation of each protein, and their downstream signaling. In addition, single treatment with pertuzumab, lumretuzumab, or afatinib decreased tumor volume and weight, whereas combination treatment with these drugs and taxol enhanced generation of cleaved caspase 3, PARP, and TUNEL-positive cells compared with each single treatment. Thus, the SLC3A2-NRG1 fusion gene plays an important role in lung cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth by promoting generation of the ERBB2–ERBB3 heterocomplex, its phosphorylation, and activation of the PI3K/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway. Inhibition of either ERBB2 or ERBB3 alone did not completely shut down downstream signaling of ERBB2 and ERBB3; however, inhibition of both ERBB2 and ERBB3 blocked downstream signaling activated by SLC3A2-NRG1 fusion. ERBB2 and ERBB3 might be promising targets for treatment of SLC3A2-NRG1–positive tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 2024–33. ©2018 AACR.