bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary supplementation with probiotics regulates gut microbiota structure and function in Nile tilapia exposed to aluminum
Authors: Yu Leilei , Qiao Nanzhen , Li Tianqi , Yu Ruipeng , Zhai Qixiao , Tian Fengwei , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2019

Backgrounds and aims
Aluminum contamination of water is becoming increasingly serious and threatens the health status of fish. Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 was previously shown to be a potential probiotic for alleviation aluminum toxicity in Nile tilapia. Considering the significant role of the gut microbiota on fish health, it seems appropriate to explore the relationships among aluminum exposure, probiotic supplementation, and the gut microbiota in Nile tilapia and to determine whether regulation of the gut microbiota is related to alleviation of aluminum toxicity by a probiotic in Nile tilapia.

Methods and results
The tilapia were assigned into four groups, control, CCFM639 only, aluminum only, and aluminum + CCFM639 groups for an experimental period of 4 weeks. The tilapia in the aluminum only group were grown in water with an aluminum ion concentration of 2.73 mg/L. The final concentration of CCFM639 in the diet was 108 CFU/g. The results show that environmental aluminum exposure reduced the numbers of L. plantarum in tilapia feces and altered the gut microbiota. As the predominant bacterial phyla in the gut, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in aluminum-exposed fish were significantly elevated and lowered, respectively. At the genus level, fish exposed to aluminum had a significantly lower abundance of Deefgea, Plesiomonas, and Pseudomonas and a greater abundance of Flavobacterium, Enterovibrio, Porphyromonadaceae uncultured, and Comamonadaceae. When tilapia were exposed to aluminum, the administration of a probiotic promoted aluminum excretion through the feces and led to a decrease in the abundance of Comamonadaceae, Enterovibrio and Porphyromonadaceae. Notably, supplementation with a probiotic only greatly decreased the abundance of Aeromonas and Pseudomonas.

Conclusion
Aluminum exposure altered the diversity of the gut microbiota in Nile tilapia, and probiotic supplementation allowed the recovery of some of the diversity. Therefore, regulation of gut microbiota with a probiotic is a possible mechanism for the alleviation of aluminum toxicity in Nile tilapia.
Oncostatin M expression in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy promotes embryo implantation and decidualization
Authors: Fu Tao , Zheng Hong‐Tao , Zhang Hai‐Yi , Chen Zi‐Cong , Li Bo , Yang Zeng‐Ming 
Published: June 2019

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) family, which functions in embryo implantation and decidualization. The expression, function and regulation of Osm in mouse uteri during early pregnancy remain unknown. We show that Osm is mainly expressed in the uterine epithelium from days 1 to 4 of pregnancy and in decidual cells on day 5 of pregnancy. Osm promotes the attachment of Osm‐soaked blue beads, which mimic blastocysts, to a pseudopregnant mouse uterus. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)‐induced Osm in mouse uterine epithelial cells upregulates the levels of Il‐33 expression and phosphorylates Stat3. In vitro decidualization is significantly promoted by Osm. Our results indicate that PGE2‐induced Osm may mediate embryo implantation through Il‐33 and participate in decidualization via the Stat3‐Egr1 pathway.
Hydrophobic Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Jayaramulu Kolleboyina , Geyer Florian , Schneemann Andreas , Kment Štěpán , Otyepka Michal , Zboril Radek , Vollmer Doris , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have diverse potential applications in catalysis, gas storage, separation, and drug delivery because of their nanoscale periodicity, permanent porosity, channel functionalization, and structural diversity. Despite these promising properties, the inherent structural features of even some of the best‐performing MOFs make them moisture‐sensitive and unstable in aqueous media, limiting their practical usefulness. This problem could be overcome by developing stable hydrophobic MOFs whose chemical composition is tuned to ensure that their metal–ligand bonds persist even in the presence of moisture and water. However, the design and fabrication of such hydrophobic MOFs pose a significant challenge. Reported syntheses of hydrophobic MOFs are critically summarized, highlighting issues relating to their design, characterization, and practical use. First, wetting of hydrophobic materials is introduced and the four main strategies for synthesizing hydrophobic MOFs are discussed. Afterward, critical challenges in quantifying the wettability of these hydrophobic porous surfaces and solutions to these challenges are discussed. Finally, the reported uses of hydrophobic MOFs in practical applications such as hydrocarbon storage/separation and their use in separating oil spills from water are summarized. Finally, the state of the art is summarized and promising future developments of hydrophobic MOFs are highlighted.
Ultrastiff, Strong, and Highly Thermally Conductive Crystalline Graphitic Films with Mixed Stacking Order
Authors: Wang Bin , Cunning Benjamin V. , Kim Na Yeon , Kargar Fariborz , Park Sun‐Young , Li Zhancheng , Joshi Shalik R. , Peng Li , Modepalli Vijayakumar , Chen Xianjue , Shen Yongtao , Seong Won Kyung , Kwon Youngwoo , Jang Jeongsu , Shi Haofei , Gao Chao , Kim Gun‐Ho , Shin Tae Joo , Kim Kwanpyo , Kim Ju‐Young , Balandin Alexander A. , Lee Zonghoon , Ruoff Rodney S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA macroscopic film (2.5 cm × 2.5 cm) made by layer‐by‐layer assembly of 100 single‐layer polycrystalline graphene films is reported. The graphene layers are transferred and stacked one by one using a wet process that leads to layer defects and interstitial contamination. Heat‐treatment of the sample up to 2800 °C results in the removal of interstitial contaminants and the healing of graphene layer defects. The resulting stacked graphene sample is a freestanding film with near‐perfect in‐plane crystallinity but a mixed stacking order through the thickness, which separates it from all existing carbon materials. Macroscale tensile tests yields maximum values of 62 GPa for the Young's modulus and 0.70 GPa for the fracture strength, significantly higher than has been reported for any other macroscale carbon films; microscale tensile tests yield maximum values of 290 GPa for the Young's modulus and 5.8 GPa for the fracture strength. The measured in‐plane thermal conductivity is exceptionally high, 2292 ± 159 W m−1 K−1 while in‐plane electrical conductivity is 2.2 × 105 S m−1. The high performance of these films is attributed to the combination of the high in‐plane crystalline order and unique stacking configuration through the thickness.
Thermochromic and Piezocapacitive Flexible Sensor Array by Combining Composite Elastomer Dielectrics and Transparent Ionic Hydrogel Electrodes
Authors: Charaya Hemant , La Thanh‐Giang , Rieger Jana , Chung Hyun‐Joong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectronic skin (e‐skin) is an important building block to achieve human–machine interfaces, functional prostheses, and health monitoring devices. While high pressure and temperature sensitivity with visible indication are important for e‐skins, such multifunctionality often requires complex fabrication and integration processes, which hinders practical applications. Here, a simple solution is shown to fabricate a bimodal e‐skin sensor array that is capable of changing color as a response to a range of temperatures (26–40 °C) with an ability to sense finger tap (≈20 kPa pressure) as a pressure sensor. The bimodal functionality of thermochromic response and tactile sensing is achieved by judicial material selection of our custom‐developed elastomer composite containing thermochromic dye, which is sandwiched by tough and transparent stretchable electrodes of ion‐containing polyampholyte hydrogels. The e‐skin array is potentially promising for applications in internet‐of‐things and soft robotics.
Modeling of Spermbots in a Viscous Colloidal Suspension
Authors: Khalil Islam S. M. , Klingner Anke , Magdanz Veronika , Striggow Friedrich , Medina‐Sánchez Mariana , Schmidt Oliver G. , Misra Sarthak 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpermbots are biohybrid micromachines consisting of single sperm cells captured in artificial magnetic microstructures, and have the potential to act as autonomous tools for minimally invasive medicines and in diverse in vivo applications. This work investigates the hydrodynamic effects of the spermbots in a heterogeneous viscous medium similar to environments encountered in vivo. The propulsion of the spermbots is simulated using a numerical model based on the method of regularized Stokeslets for computing Stokes flows in the presence of immersed obstacles. It is shown that the concentration and size of these obstacles create a pressure gradient along the propulsion axis of the spermbot; hence they influence its effective net motion. In particular, the simulation results herein suggest that the forward and lateral swimming speeds of the spermbot increase with the concentration of the immersed obstacles and decrease with their size.
A metabolic profile of polyamines in parkinson disease: A promising biomarker
Authors: Saiki Shinji , Sasazawa Yukiko , Fujimaki Motoki , Kamagata Koji , Kaga Naoko , Taka Hikari , Li Yuanzhe , Souma Sanae , Hatano Taku , Imamichi Yoko , Furuya Norihiko , Mori Akio , Oji Yutaka , Ueno Shin‐Ichi , Nojiri Shuko , Miura Yoshiki , Ueno Takashi , Funayama Manabu , Aoki Shigeki , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveAging is the highest risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). Under physiological conditions, spermidine and spermine experimentally enhance longevity via autophagy induction. Accordingly, we evaluated the ability of each polyamine metabolite to act as an age‐related, diagnostic, and severity‐associated PD biomarker.MethodsComprehensive metabolome analysis of plasma was performed in Cohort A (controls, n = 45; PD, n = 145), followed by analysis of 7 polyamine metabolites in Cohort B (controls, n = 49; PD, n = 186; progressive supranuclear palsy, n = 19; Alzheimer disease, n = 23). Furthermore, 20 patients with PD who were successively examined within Cohort B were studied using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Association of each polyamine metabolite with disease severity was assessed according to Hoehn and Yahr stage (H&Y) and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor section (UPDRS‐III). Additionally, the autophagy induction ability of each polyamine metabolite was examined in vitro in various cell lines.ResultsIn Cohort A, N8‐acetylspermidine and N‐acetylputrescine levels were significantly and mildly elevated in PD, respectively. In Cohort B, spermine levels and spermine/spermidine ratio were significantly reduced in PD, concomitant with hyperacetylation. Furthermore, N1,N8‐diacetylspermidine levels had the highest diagnostic value, and correlated with H&Y, UPDRS‐III, and axonal degeneration quantified by DTI. The spermine/spermidine ratio in controls declined with age, but was consistently suppressed in PD. Among polyamine metabolites, spermine was the strongest autophagy inducer, especially in SH‐SY5Y cells. No significant genetic variations in 5 genes encoding enzymes associated with spermine/spermidine metabolism were detected compared with controls.InterpretationSpermine synthesis and N1,N8‐diacetylspermidine may respectively be useful diagnostic and severity‐associated biomarkers for PD. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:251–263
Silicon‐Mediated Coupling of Carbon Monoxide, Ammonia, and Primary Amines to Form Acetamides
Authors: Luecke Marcel‐Philip , Kostenko Arseni , Wang Yuwen , Yao Shenglai , Driess Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor the first time, a direct transformation of CO, NH3, and primary amines into acetamides, mediated by a main‐group element (silicon), is reported. Starting point is the selective deoxygenative reductive homocoupling of two CO molecules by the Fc‐bis(silylene) 1 a (Fc=ferrocendiyl) as a reducing agent, which forms the ferrocendiyl‐bridged disila(μ‐O)(μ‐CCO)ketene intermediate 2 a. Exposing 2 a to NH3 (1 bar, 298 K) and benzylamine yields the Fc‐disiloxanediamines [Fc(RHNSi‐O‐SiNHR)] 5 a (R=H) and 5 b (R=benzyl) under release of the respective acetamides H3CC(O)NHR, as confirmed by 13C‐isotope‐labelling experiments. IR and NMR studies of the reaction reveal a four‐step mechanism involving an N‐silylated carboxamide that can be isolated and fully characterized. The striking reaction mechanism for this unprecedented transformation involves a facile Si−C bond cleavage and ammonolysis of a Si−O bond, and has been demonstrated experimentally and by quantum‐chemical calculations.
Direct Resonance Raman Characterization of a Peroxynitrito Copper Complex Generated from O2 and NO and Mechanistic Insights into Metal‐Mediated Peroxynitrite Decomposition
Authors: Liu Jeffrey J. , Siegler Maxime A. , Karlin Kenneth D. , Moënne‐Loccoz Pierre 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report the formation of a new copper peroxynitrite (PN) complex [CuII(TMG3tren)(κ1‐OONO)]+ (PN1) from the reaction of [CuII(TMG3tren)(O2.−)]+ (1) with NO.(g) at −125 °C. The first resonance Raman spectroscopic characterization of such a metal‐bound PN moiety supports a cis κ1‐(−OONO) geometry. PN1 transforms thermally into an isomeric form (PN2) with κ2‐O,O′‐(−OONO) coordination, which undergoes O−O bond homolysis to generate a putative cupryl (LCuII−O.) intermediate and NO2.. These transient species do not recombine to give a nitrato (NO3−) product but instead proceed to effect oxidative chemistry and formation of a CuII–nitrito (NO2−) complex (2).
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Oxidation on Ni/NiO/C Derived from a Nickel‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Yang Yang , Sun Xiaodong , Han Guanqun , Liu Xi , Zhang Xiangyu , Sun Yongfang , Zhang Min , Cao Zhi , Sun Yujie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe sluggish hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) under alkaline conditions has hindered the commercialization of hydroxide‐exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cells. A low‐cost Ni/NiO/C catalyst with abundant Ni/NiO interfacial sites was developed as a competent HOR electrocatalyst in alkaline media. Ni/NiO/C exhibits an HOR activity one order of magnitude higher than that of its parent Ni/C counterpart. Moreover, Ni/NiO/C also shows better stability and CO tolerance than commercial Pt/C in alkaline media, which renders it a very promising HOR electrocatalyst for hydrogen fuel cell applications. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also performed to shed light on the enhanced HOR performance of Ni/NiO/C; the DFT results indicate that both hydrogen and hydroxide achieve optimal binding energies at the Ni/NiO interface, resulting from the balanced electronic and oxophilic effects at the Ni/NiO interface.
Guest Binding via N−H⋅⋅⋅π Bonding and Kinetic Entrapment by an Inorganic Macrocycle
Authors: Plajer Alex J. , Rizzuto Felix J. , Niu Hao‐Che , Lee Sanha , Goodman Jonathan M. , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractModern supramolecular chemistry is overwhelmingly based on non‐covalent interactions involving organic architectures. However, the question of what happens when you depart from this area to the supramolecular chemistry of structures based on non‐carbon frameworks remains largely unanswered, and is an area that potentially provides new directions in molecular activation, host–guest chemistry, and biomimetic chemistry. In this work, we explore the unusual host–guest chemistry of the pentameric macrocycle [{P(μ‐NtBu}2NH]5 with a range of anionic and neutral guests. The polar coordination site of this host promotes new modes of guest encapsulation via hydrogen bonding with the π systems of the unsaturated C≡C and C≡N bonds of acetylenes and nitriles as well as with the PCO− anion. Halide guests can be kinetically locked within the structure by oxidation of the phosphorus periphery by oxidation to PV. Our study underscores the future promise of p‐block macrocyclic chemistry.
Generation of Hierarchical Porosity in Metal–Organic Frameworks by the Modulation of Cation Valence
Authors: Qi Shi‐Chao , Qian Xin‐Yu , He Qiu‐Xia , Miao Kang‐Jing , Jiang Yao , Tan Peng , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks (HP‐MOFs) have attracted great attention owing to their advantages over microporous MOFs in some applications. Despite many attempts, the development of a facile approach to generate HP‐MOFs remains a challenge. Herein we develop a new strategy, namely the modulation of cation valence, to create hierarchical porosity in MOFs. Some of the CuII metal nodes in MOFs can be transformed into CuI via reducing vapor treatment (RVT), which partially changes the coordination mode and thus breaks coordination bonds, resulting in the formation of HP‐MOF based on the original microporous MOF. Both the experimental results and the first‐principles calculation show that it is easy to tailor the amount of CuI and subsequent hierarchical porosity by tuning the RVT duration. It is found that the resultant HP‐MOFs perform much better in the capture of aromatic sulfides than the original microporous MOF.
Construction of a Nanoporous Highly Crystalline Hexagonal Boron Nitride from an Amorphous Precursor for Catalytic Dehydrogenation
Authors: Chen Hao , Yang Zhenzhen , Zhang Zihao , Chen Zitao , Chi Miaofang , Wang Song , Fu Jie , Dai Sheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is regarded as a graphene analogue and exhibits important characteristics and vast application potentials. However, discovering a facile method for the preparation of nanoporous crystalline h‐BN nanosheets (h‐BNNS) is still a challenge. Herein, a novel and simple route for the conversion of amorphous h‐BN precursors into highly crystalline h‐BNNS was achieved through a successive dissolution–precipitation/crystallization process in the presence of magnesium. The h‐BNNS has high crystallinity, high porosity with a surface area of 347 m2 g−1, high purity, and enhanced thermal stability. Improved catalytic performance of crystalline h‐BNNS was evidenced by its much higher catalytic efficiency in the dehydrogenation of dodecahydro‐N‐ethylcarbazole, compared with its amorphous h‐BN precursor, as well as other precious‐metal‐loaded heterogeneous catalysts.
An Acyclic Arsenium Cation Stabilised by a Single P–As π‐Interaction and a Cyclic Diphosphinophosphonium Salt
Authors: Izod Keith , Evans Peter , Waddell Paul G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStable acyclic arsenium cations R2As+, isoelectronic analogues of germylenes, are rare in comparison to the corresponding phosphenium cations. The first example of a diphosphaarsenium salt, [{(Dipp)2P}2As][Al{OC(CF3)3}4]⋅1
PhMe, is described. This salt exhibits remarkable stability due to the delocalisation of a lone pair from a planar phosphorus centre into the vacant p‐orbital at arsenic; the bonding in 2 has been probed by DFT calculations. An attempt to synthesise an analogous diphosphaphosphenium salt unexpectedly generated the cyclic phosphonium salt [cyclo‐{(Mes)P}2P(Mes)2][BArF4]⋅CyMe through the cyclisation of a putative phosphine‐substituted diphosphene cation intermediate.
Neotropical mangroves: Conservation and sustainable use in a scenario of global climate change
Authors: de Lacerda Luiz Drude , Borges Rebecca , Ferreira Alexander Cesar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

This study assesses the evolution of major anthropogenic drivers of environmental impacts on Neotropical mangroves, the changes in the environmental pressures acting upon them, and the respective societal responses during the past 40 years. It reviews the impacts of new drivers, in particular those resulting from global climate change and the expansion in aquaculture and the effectiveness of local societal responses aimed at addressing them.
Adaptation and mitigation actions are proposed to cope with the impacts and their socio‐economic consequences for Latin America and Caribbean mangroves. By comparing the situation in Latin America and the Caribbean with other regions, the knowledge gaps and priority research needs are discussed to support delineating a preliminary unifying framework to address the environmental pressures affecting mangroves.
This scenario necessarily includes the interaction of climate change with human interventions and their effects on ecosystem goods and services, as well as their respective adaptation and management options. Results show that drivers of environmental impacts have changed in the past 40 years, reducing the effectiveness of some important societal responses towards conservation and sustainable management with a great potential to increase rates of mangrove deforestation and conversion to human uses.
Although efforts in conservation and restoration have contributed to decreasing pressure on these ecosystems, the coupling of old drivers, such as damming, with climate change, and the appearance of new drivers in the region, such as shrimp aquaculture, may eclipse the gains made through these conservation efforts. Despite the negative trend, we discuss some successful efforts to curb negative impacts of human activities on mangroves.
We also recommend regional assessments based on primary sources in the representative mangrove‐bearing countries throughout the continent to allow the upscaling of their experiences towards a regional response to the challenges facing Neotropical mangrove conservation and sustainable use.
Predictive direct torque control with reduced ripples for induction motor drive based on T‐S fuzzy speed controller
Authors: Ammar Abdelkarim , Talbi Billel , Ameid Tarek , Azzoug Younes , Kerrache Abdelaziz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFinite‐state model predictive control (FS‐MPC) has been widely used for controlling power converters and electric drives. Predictive torque control strategy (PTC) evaluates flux and torque in a cost function to generate an optimal inverter switching state in a sampling period. However, the existing PTC method relies on a traditional proportional‐integral (PI) controller in the external loop for speed regulation. Consequently, the torque reference may not be generated properly, especially when a sudden variation of load or inertia takes place. This paper proposes an enhanced predictive torque control scheme. A Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy logic controller replaces PI in the external loop for speed regulation. Besides, the proposed controller generates a proper torque reference since it plays an important role in cost function design. This improvement ensures accurate tracking and robust control against different uncertainties. The effectiveness of the presented algorithms is investigated by simulation and experimental validation using MATLAB/Simulink with dSpace 1104 real‐time interface.