bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MIPS in Residency? A Look at Merit-Based Incentives in an Internal Medicine Residency Outpatient Practice
Authors: Bolyard Jennifer , Viswanathan Vignesh , Fribourg Dani , Narayanan Rama 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
In January 2017, full implementation of the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) inspired us to introduce a similar incentivized model of value-based care into our internal medicine residency's outpatient practice.

Objective
To provide real-world experience in a value-based payment practice model, we provided monetary incentives to internal medicine residents for meeting inbox management expectations, timely reporting, and improvement in clinical outcome measures.

Methods
Thirty-seven residents were divided into 6 teams. Over a 5-month period, clinical goals were to reduce by 5% each teams' average number of patients with diabetes who had HbA1c &gt; 9% and to raise by 10% the number of diabetes patients at target blood pressure. Goals for inbox management were established: all forms, notes, medication refills, and patient requests were expected to be complete at the end of each week. Teams received monetary bonuses based on compliance with reporting, management of inboxes, and progress toward clinical outcome goals.

Results
Every team improved their patients' blood pressure; however, no one reached the 10% target. Every team improved their patients' average HbA1c, and 2 teams surpassed the 5% goal. All teams met their weekly reporting goal, and half completed the inbox management tasks 100% of the time. Of the 26 participants who completed the survey, 22 (85%) favored continuing the program.

Conclusions
Providing monetary incentives in a team-based internal medicine residency model improved patient outcome measures and provided real-world exposure to incentivized value-based care.
Estimating nonlinear intergenerational income mobility with correlation curves
Authors: Nilsson William 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A correlation curve is introduced as a tool to study the degree of intergenerational income mobility, i.e. how income status is related between parents and adult child. The method overcomes the shortcomings of the elasticity of children’s income with respect to parents’ income (i.e. its sensitiveness to different dispersion among the generations) and the correlation coefficient (i.e. its inability to capture nonlinearities). The method is particularly suitable for comparative studies and in this study labour earnings are compared to disposable income. The correlation between the parental income and the child’s adult disposable income becomes stronger for higher percentiles in the income distribution of the parents. Above the median the correlation is found to be stronger than for labour earnings. Interestingly, the elasticity is higher for labour earnings for most part of the distribution and complementing the elasticity with correlation curves provides a much more complete picture of the intergenerational income mobility.
Development and evaluation of a community-engaged research training program: Building capacity of Marshallese stakeholders and academic researchers to conduct health research
Authors: McElfish Pearl A , Rowland Brett , Ayers Britni L , O'Connor Gail E , Purvis Rachel S , Aitaoto Nia , Capelle Lucy , Laelan Melisa , Felix Holly C , Stewart M Kathryn , Yeary Karen HK 
Published: January 2019

Pacific Islanders are a growing, yet understudied population who suffer from high rates of chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Given the historical trauma experienced by Pacific Islanders, community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an appropriate way to conduct research focused on reducing the health disparities observed in this population. This paper presents the process of engaging the Marshallese community to design, conduct, and evaluate a community-engaged research training program. The goal of the program was to build the capacity of both academic researchers and community stakeholders to conduct CBPR for the purpose of addressing health disparities identified and prioritized by the Marshallese community. The program included both didactic training and experiential mentored research components delivered over a period of two years. Eleven Marshallese community stakeholders and eleven academic researchers participated in the program. Results indicated that the program successfully increased participants’ knowledge regarding the CBPR process. Groups of participants have completed exploratory research projects based on the topics identified by the community. The evaluation adds important insights to the current CBPR training literature and can inform future CBPR trainings.
Keywordscommunity-based participatory research, community-engaged research, Pacific Islanders, minority health, health disparities, interprofessional training
Nocturnal low-level clouds in the atmospheric boundary layer over southern West Africa: an observation-based analysis of conditions and processes
Authors: Adler Bianca , Babić Karmen , Kalthoff Norbert , Lohou Fabienne , Lothon Marie , Dione Cheikh , Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia Xabier , Andersen Hendrik 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. During the West African summer monsoon season, extended nocturnal stratiform
low-level clouds (LLCs) frequently form in the atmospheric boundary layer over southern
West Africa and persist long into the following day affecting the regional climate. A
unique data set was gathered within the framework of the
Dynamics–Aerosol–Chemistry–Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project, which
allows, for the first time, for an observational analysis of the processes and parameters
crucial for LLC formation. In this study, in situ and remote sensing measurements from
radiosondes, ceilometer, cloud radar and energy balance stations from a measurement site
near Savè in Benin are analyzed amongst others for 11 nights. The aim is to study LLC
characteristics, the intranight variability of boundary layer conditions and physical
processes relevant for LLC formation, as well as to assess the importance of these
processes. Based on the dynamic and thermodynamic conditions in the atmospheric boundary
layer we distinguish typical nocturnal phases and calculate mean profiles for the
individual phases. A stable surface inversion, which forms after sunset, is eroded by
differential horizontal cold air advection with the Gulf of Guinea maritime inflow, a
cool air mass propagating northwards from the coast in the late afternoon and the
evening, and shear-generated turbulence related to a nocturnal low-level jet. The
analysis of the contributions to the relative humidity changes before the LLC formation
reveals that cooling in the atmospheric boundary layer is crucial to reach saturation,
while specific humidity changes play a minor role. We quantify the heat budget terms and
find that about 50 % of the cooling prior to LLC formation is caused by horizontal cold
air advection, roughly 20 % by radiative flux divergence and about 22 % by sensible
heat flux divergence in the presence of a low-level jet. The outcomes of this study
contribute to the development of a conceptual model on LLC formation, maintenance and
dissolution over southern West Africa.
Relationship between erythema effective UV radiant exposure, total ozone, cloud cover and aerosols in southern England, UK
Authors: Hunter Nezahat , Rendell Rebecca J. , Higlett Michael P. , O'Hagan John B. , Haylock Richard G. E. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Evidence of an underlying trend in the dependence of erythema effective ultraviolet
(UV) radiant exposure (Her) on changes in the total ozone, cloud cover and
aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been studied using solar ultraviolet
radiation measurements collected over a 25-year period (1991–2015) at Chilton
in the south of England in the UK. The monthly mean datasets of these measures corrected for underlying
seasonal variation were analysed. When a single linear trend was fitted over
the whole study period between 1991 and 2015, the analyses revealed that the
long-term variability of Her can be best characterised in two
sub-periods (1991–2004 and 2004–2015), where the estimated linear trend was
upward in the first period (1991–2004) but downward in the second period
(2004–2015). Both cloud cover (CC) and total ozone (TO) were found to have a highly
statistically significant influence on Her, but the influence of the
AOD measure was very small. The radiation amplification factor (RAF) for the
erythema action spectrum due to TO was −1.03 at constant levels of CC over
the whole study period; that is, for a 1.0 % increase in TO, Her
decreases by 1.03 %. Over the first period (1991–2004), the RAF related to
CC was slightly higher at 0.97 compared to that for TO at 0.79. The
proportion of the change in Her explained by the change in CC (47 %)
was much greater than the proportion explained by changes in TO (8 %). For
the second period (2004–2015), the pattern reversed, with the observed RAF
related to TO being −1.25, almost double that of CC (−0.65). Furthermore, in
this period the proportion of variation in Her explained by TO
variation was 33 %, double that of CC at 16 %, while AOD changes had a
negligible effect (1 %). When the data were examined separately for each season, for the first period
(1991–2004) the greatest effect of TO and CC on Her (i.e. the largest
RAF value) was found during spring. Spring was also the season during which TO and
CC variation explained the greatest proportion of variability in Her
(82 %). In the later period (2004–2015), the RAF and greatest
influence of TO and CC were observed in winter (67 %) and the AOD effect
explained a further 5 % variability in Her. This study provides evidence that both the increasing trend in Her for
1991–2004 and the decreasing trend in Her for 2004–2015 occur in
response to variation in TO, which exhibits a small increasing tendency over
these periods. CC plays a more important role in the increasing trend in
Her for 1991–2004 than TO, whereas for 2004–2015, the decreasing trend
in Her is less associated with changes in CC and AOD.
Ecological ReGional Ocean Model with vertically resolved sediments (ERGOM SED 1.0): coupling benthic and pelagic biogeochemistry of the south-western Baltic Sea
Authors: Radtke Hagen , Lipka Marko , Bunke Dennis , Morys Claudia , Woelfel Jana , Cahill Bronwyn , Böttcher Michael E. , Forster Stefan , Leipe Thomas , Rehder Gregor , Neumann Thomas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Sediments play an important role in organic matter mineralisation
and nutrient recycling, especially in shallow marine systems. Marine
ecosystem models, however, often only include a coarse representation of
processes beneath the sea floor. While these parameterisations may give a
reasonable description of the present ecosystem state, they lack predictive
capacity for possible future changes, which can only be obtained from
mechanistic modelling. This paper describes an integrated benthic–pelagic ecosystem model developed
for the German Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the western Baltic Sea. The
model is a hybrid of two existing models: the pelagic part of the marine
ecosystem model ERGOM and an early diagenetic model by Reed et al. (2011).
The latter one was extended to include the carbon cycle, a determination of
precipitation and dissolution reactions which accounts for salinity
differences, an explicit description of the adsorption of clay minerals, and an
alternative pyrite formation pathway. We present a one-dimensional
application of the model to seven sites with different sediment types. The
model was calibrated with observed pore water profiles and validated with
results of sediment composition, bioturbation rates and bentho-pelagic fluxes
gathered by in situ incubations of sediments (benthic chambers). The model
results generally give a reasonable fit to the observations, even if some
deviations are observed, e.g. an overestimation of sulfide concentrations in
the sandy sediments. We therefore consider it a good first step towards a
three-dimensional representation of sedimentary processes in coupled
pelagic–benthic ecosystem models of the Baltic Sea.
Evaluation of Hypertriglyceridemia as a Mediator Between Endocrine Diseases and Pancreatitis in Dogs
Authors: Kim Hakhyun , Kang Ji-Houn , Heo Tae-Young , Kang Byeong-Teck , Kim Gonhyung , Chang Dongwoo , Na Ki-Jeong , Yang Mhan-Pyo 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe role of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) secondary to endocrine diseases in the occurrence of pancreatitis in dogs has not been fully investigated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate HTG as a mediator between endocrine diseases and pancreatitis in dogs. The study design was a retrospective case-control study. Medical records of dogs newly diagnosed with acutely presenting pancreatitis between 2012 and 2014 were reviewed for the presence or absence of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypothyroidism. A matched case-control analysis was performed, and the association between endocrine diseases and pancreatitis was evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. In dogs with pancreatitis, the odds of HAC (P &lt; .001) and DM (P &lt; .001) were 4.5 and 12.4 times that of dogs without pancreatitis, respectively. HTG significantly mediated the association between DM and pancreatitis but not between HAC and pancreatitis. Additional studies will be necessary to confirm these findings and to further elucidate the associations between endocrine diseases and pancreatitis.
Broad-Spectrum Bioactivity of Chitosan N-acetylglucosaminohydrolase (Chitosan NAGH) Extracted from Bacillus ligniniphilus
Authors: Akeel Raid Al , Hetta Helal F , Muslim Sahira Nsayef , Al-Kadmy Israa M S , Aziz Sarah Naji 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: The genus Bacillus has species with strains that produce Chitosan N-acetylglucosaminohydrolase (NAGH), a hydrolytic enzyme. Objective: A novel bacterium, Bacillus ligniniphilus, was characterized as producing Chitosan NAGH. This study further examine its antibiofilm properties and its possible uses against biofilm-producing bacteria. Methods: Various sea soil samples were evaluated for the presence of Chitosan NAGH. The chosen isolate, Bacillus ligniniphilus 61, was then used to extract and purify Chitosan NAGH using precipitation in ammonium sulfate followed by polyethylene glycol–treated dialysis and gel-permeation chromatography. Biofilm inhibition and antimicrobial activity of Chitosan NAGH was estimated against different bacterial species. Both gene expression profiling of biofilm-related genes and an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) inhibition assay were performed. Results: The BL61 strain was able to produce much more Chitosan activity than the other strains, as the latter only exhibited antimicrobial activity at low concentration levels; however, they did show as antibiofilm agents at varying proportions. Chitosan NAGH caused a uniform decrease in EPS formation in each isolate. Many biofilm-related genes, e.g., IcaABCD, decreased, but genes related to autoinducer synthetase were not affected by Chitosan NAGH. EPS, which is responsible for polysaccharide formation, was underexpressed at 3-fold down. Conclusions: The current study results allow future researchers to look for better and newer compounds with the antibiofilm property that inhibits the formation of biofilm created by a wide range of bacteria without affecting their growth.
Educación de las Infancias: entre el Hogar y la Escuela (1880-1915)
Authors: Martínez Ruiz-Funes María José 
Published: January 2019

Reseña del libro de María Isabel Orellana Rivera y Nicole Araya Oñate, Educación de las Infancias: entre el Hogar y la Escuela (1880-1915). Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Museo de la Educación Gabriela Mistral, 2016.
Seasonality and trend prediction of scarlet fever incidence in mainland China from 2004 to 2018 using a hybrid SARIMA-NARX model
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Xu Chunjie , Wang Zhende , Yuan Juxiang 
Published: January 2019

Background
Scarlet fever is recognized as being a major public health issue owing to its increase in notifications in mainland China, and an advanced response based on forecasting techniques is being adopted to tackle this. Here, we construct a new hybrid method incorporating seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) with a nonlinear autoregressive with external input(NARX) to analyze its seasonality and trend in order to efficiently prevent and control this re-emerging disease.

Methods
Four statistical models, including a basic SARIMA, basic nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) method, traditional SARIMA-NAR and new SARIMA-NARX hybrid approaches, were developed based on scarlet fever incidence data between January 2004 and July 2018 to evaluate its temporal patterns, and their mimic and predictive capacities were compared to discover the optimal using the mean absolute percentage error, root mean square error, mean error rate, and root mean square percentage error.

Results
The four preferred models identified were comprised of the SARIMA(0,1,0)(0,1,1)12, NAR with 14 hidden neurons and five delays, SARIMA-NAR with 33 hidden neurons and five delays, and SARIMA-NARX with 16 hidden neurons and 4 delays. Among which presenting the lowest values of the aforementioned indices in both simulation and prediction horizons is the SARIMA-NARX method. Analyses from the data suggested that scarlet fever was a seasonal disease with predominant peaks of summer and winter and a substantial rising trend in the scarlet fever notifications was observed with an acceleration of 9.641% annually, particularly since 2011 with 12.869%, and moreover such a trend will be projected to continue in the coming year.

Conclusions
The SARIMA-NARX technique has the promising ability to better consider both linearity and non-linearity behind scarlet fever data than the others, which significantly facilitates its prevention and intervention of scarlet fever. Besides, under current trend of ongoing resurgence, specific strategies and countermeasures should be formulated to target scarlet fever.
Monomeric Covalent‐Avidin for Rapid and Covalent Labeling of Quantum Dots to Cell Surface Proteins
Authors: Choi Hyeokjune , Lee Jeong Min , Jung Yongwon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWith high brightness and photostability, quantum dots (QDs) are potent probes for long‐term imaging of dynamic cell surface proteins, but practical methods to covalently label QDs to target proteins for stable imaging are largely lacking. Here, a small covalent‐bond forming protein (Covalent‐avidin)/peptide pair is introduced, which provides a recombinant protein‐based rapid and covalent QD labeling strategy. Covalent‐avidin is constructed by optimized fusion of circular permuted monomeric avidin to SpyCatcher, which forms an isopeptide bond with the SpyTag peptide. Covalent‐avidin‐conjugated QDs allow for strong and irreversible QD labeling to the biotinylated SpyTag‐fused adrenergic receptor on live cells in 2 min. In addition, QDs with only a minimum number of conjugated Covalent‐avidin show more stable receptor labeling than commercially available streptavidin‐conjugated QDs, also with minimal unwanted clustering of labeled receptors. Monomeric Covalent‐avidin will be a valuable protein linker for diverse other nanolabeling structures with beneficial properties such as covalent linkages and facile valency control.
Thermodynamic Stability Landscape of Halide Double Perovskites via High‐Throughput Computing and Machine Learning
Authors: Li Zhenzhu , Xu Qichen , Sun Qingde , Hou Zhufeng , Yin Wan‐Jian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFormability and stability issues are of core importance and difficulty in current research and applications of perovskites. Nevertheless, over the past century, determination of the formability and stability of perovskites has relied on semiempirical models derived from physics intuition, such as the commonly used Goldschmidt tolerance factor, t. Here, through high‐throughput density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a database containing the decomposition energies, considered to be closely related to the thermodynamic stability of 354 halide perovskite candidates, is established. To map the underlying relationship between the structure and chemistry features and the decomposition energies, a well‐functioned machine learning (ML) model is trained over this theory‐based database and further validated by experimental observations of perovskite formability (F1 score, 95.9%) of 246 A2B(I)B(III)X6 compounds that are not present in the training database; the model performs a lot better than empirical descriptors such as tolerance factor t (F1 score, 77.5%). This work demonstrates that the experimental engineering of stable perovskites by ML could solely rely on training data derived from high‐throughput DFT computing, which is much more economical and efficient than experimental attempts at materials synthesis.
Nip the Sodium Dendrites in the Bud on Planar Doped Graphene in Liquid/Gel Electrolytes
Authors: Hu Xiaofei , Joo Paul Hyunggyu , Wang Huan , Matios Edward , Wang Chuanlong , Luo Jianmin , Lu Xuan , Yang Kesong , Li Weiyang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSodium (Na) metal is the most promising alternative anode to metallic lithium for high‐energy batteries due to the low cost and high abundance of Na resources, but it suffers from severe dendritic/mossy growth at high current densities. Understanding Na nucleation/growth mechanism in different electrolyte systems is the key to tackling this issue but is complicated by the structural complexities of existing substrates for Na plating/stripping. Herein, well‐defined planar doped graphene substrates are synthesized as model plating platforms to unravel a binding energy dominant Na nucleation‐growth mode. The dopants (e.g., boron) in doped graphene and the regions close to the dopants possess high binding energies with Na atoms, providing abundant preferential nucleation sites and contributing to uniform Na plating/stripping. Accordingly, the boron‐doped graphene regulated Na anode exhibits long‐term stability at high current densities in both liquid and polymer electrolytes. The results enhance the understanding of Na nucleation/growth for stabilizing Na metal batteries.
Activating MoS2 Basal Plane with Ni2P Nanoparticles for Pt‐Like Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Anjum Mohsin Ali Raza , Lee Minhee , Lee Byeong Jun , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: January 2019

Abstract2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) displays a modest hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in acidic media because the active sites are limited to a small number of edge sites with broader basal planes remaining mostly inert. Here, it is reported that the MoS2 basal planes could be activated by growing nickel phosphide (Ni2P) nanoparticles on them. Thus a Ni2P/MoS2 heterostructure is constructed via in situ phosphidation of an indigenously synthesized NiMoS4 salt as a single precursor to form a widely cross‐doped and chemically connected heterostructure. The conductivity and stability of the Ni2P/MoS2 heterostructure are further enhanced by hybridization with conductive N‐doped carbon supports. As a result, the Ni2P/MoS2/N:RGO or Ni2P/MoS2/N:CNT electrocatalyst displays Pt‐like HER performance in acidic media, outperforming the incumbent best HER electrocatalyst, Pt/C, in a more meaningful high current density region (>200 mA cm−2) making them a promising candidate for practical water electrolysis applications. Since nonprecious metal catalysts showing Pt‐like HER performance in acidic media are rare, the Ni2P/MoS2 heterostructure catalyst is a promising candidate for practical hydrogen production via water electrolysis.