bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in diabetes mellitus patients with atrial fibrillation: Long‐term results
Authors: Litwinowicz Radoslaw , Bartus Magdalena , Ceranowicz Piotr , Brzezinski Maciej , Kapelak Bogusław , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Bartus Krzysztof 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundConcomitant diabetes mellitus (DM) in atrial fibrillation (AF) may increase the risk of thromboembolism. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is an alternative treatment in AF patients in whom antithrombotic therapy is ineffective or contraindicated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term efficacy of LAAO in DM patients with AF.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in 139 patients who had undergone LAAO and were categorized into two groups: 28 patients with DM and 111 patients without DM. Overall, the follow‐up period was 530 patient‐years.ResultsMean CHADS2 and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores were higher in patients with than without DM (2.6 vs 1.7 [P < 0.001] and 3.5 vs 2.8 [P = 0.056], respectively). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of HAS‐BLED scores and other patient factors (sex, age, heart failure, hypertension, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, peripheral vascular disease) that may increase the risk of thromboembolism based on CHA2DS2‐VASc. The mean follow‐up period was 51.6 and 50 months in patients with DM and without DM, respectively. Comparing patients with and without DM, there were no significant differences in thromboembolic events (4% vs 1.9%), severe bleeding (0% vs 3.1%), or mortality (4% vs 5.9%). The estimated reductions in thromboembolic and bleeding risk were 77% and 100%, respectively, for patients with DM, compared with 85% and 62%, respectively, for patients without DM.ConclusionThe present study indicates that LAAO in AF patients with DM has similar safety endpoints and long‐term efficacy as LAAO in patients without DM.
Targeting Ordinary Voters or Political Elites? Why Pork Is Distributed Along Partisan Lines in India
Authors: Thomas Anjali 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA key finding in the political economy literature is that political elites display partisan biases when allocating public resources. While previous studies posit that such biases are driven by politicians' motivations to target benefits directly to certain groups of ordinary voters, this article develops the argument that national politicians also target pork along partisan lines to win over politicians at lower levels of government whose cooperation they need to ensure the successful implementation of development projects. Using a quasi‐experimental design, the argument is tested with data on thousands of public works projects sanctioned by MPs in North India. The results show that, even controlling for unobserved differences in voter characteristics, MPs systematically favored the constituencies of co‐partisan state legislators when allocating pork specifically under conditions implied by the argument and not otherwise. These results shed new light on the reasons for partisan biases in resource allocation in multilevel systems.
Medical staff tend to underestimate the quality of life in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kim Seung , Park Sowon , Kang Yunkoo , Kwon Namkyung , Koh Hong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimWe evaluated how well medical staff or parents understood patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by comparing their evaluation of the patients’ quality of life (QoL) with the patients’ self‐reported QoL.MethodsThis study was carried out at Severance Children's Hospital in Seoul, Korea, in 2017. The children with IBD were recruited from August 2017 to December 2017, and they had a mean age of 16.4 (range 9.3–18.9) years. We asked the 64 children (38 boys), 58 mothers, 16 fathers, three physicians and one IBD nurse to answer the IMPACT‐III questionnaire, which measures QoL, and compared the scores.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient of the total IMPACT‐III score was highest for the patient and their father (0.824) and then for the patient and their mother (0.689), physician (0.625) and IBD nurse (0.499). Parents and medical staff thought the patients’ QoL was lower than the patients themselves. The differences in the IMPACT‐III scores of the patients were −10.09 ± 17.86 for physicians, −9.87 ± 15.80 for mothers, −5.72 ± 17.04 for nurses and −3.81 ± 11.82 for fathers.ConclusionParents and medical staff showed some correlation with the QoL documented by adolescent IBD patients, but tended to underestimate the levels.
Letter: vedolizumab drug levels in cord and maternal blood in women with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Julsgaard M. , Kjeldsen J. , Brock B. , Baumgart D. C. 
Published: July 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Mahadevan et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13960 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14855.
Editorial: post‐operative complications in elderly onset inflammatory bowel disease—what is surgery, what is disease, and what is delay of surgery? Authors’ reply
Authors: Savoye G. , Fumery M. , Gower‐Rousseau C. 
Published: July 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Sacleux et al and Myrelid papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14790 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14833.
Extracellular prolyl oligopeptidase derived from activated microglia is a potential neuroprotection target
Authors: Natunen Teemu A. , Gynther Mikko , Rostalski Hannah , Jaako Külli , Jalkanen Aaro J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProlyl oligopeptidase (PREP) is an abundant peptidase in the brain and periphery, but its physiological functions are still largely unknown. Recent findings point to a role for PREP in inflammatory processes. This study assessed the cellular and extracellular PREP activities in cultures of mouse primary cortical neurons, microglial cells and astrocytes, and immortalized microglial BV‐2 cells under neuroinflammatory conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFNγ). Furthermore, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of a specific PREP inhibitor, KYP‐2047, in a neuroinflammation model based on a coculture of primary cortical neurons and activated BV‐2 cells. The inflammatory insult reduced intracellular and increased extracellular PREP activity specifically in microglial cells, suggesting that activated microglia excretes active PREP. A targeted proteomics approach revealed up‐regulation in PREP protein levels in BV‐2 cell growth medium but down‐regulation in crude membrane‐bound PREP after LPS+IFNγ. In the coculture of BV‐2 cells and primary neurons, an increase in extracellular PREP activity was also detected after inflammation. KYP‐2047 (10 μmol/L) significantly protected neurons against microglial toxicity and reduced the levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha. In conclusion, these data point to an extracellular role for microglial PREP in the inflammatory process. Inhibition of PREP during neuroinflammation is a potential target for neuroprotection. Thus, PREP inhibitors may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders with an inflammatory component including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
The longitudinal effects of induction on beginning teachers’ stress
Authors: Harmsen Ruth , Helms‐Lorenz Michelle , Maulana Ridwan , van Veen Klaas 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundTeaching is a stressful profession especially for beginning teachers. Induction programmes can support beginning teachers. Little is known concerning which elements of induction programmes can influence (the change in) teachers’ stress over time.AimsThis study aims to investigate the growth of stress causes and stress responses during the first 3 years of professional practice and to reveal the influence of induction arrangement elements on the initial level as well as the change in stress levels over the 2 years that followed.SampleLongitudinal data from a sample of 393 beginning teachers (56.5% female) were collected at three measurement occasions. All teachers were offered four different induction arrangement elements.MethodResults of multiple group confirmatory factor analysis confirmed longitudinal measurement invariance. Multivariate latent growth curve modelling (MLGM) was conducted to examine the initial status, the subsequent linear growth, and the influence of the individual induction arrangement elements on the stress causes and stress responses.ResultsMLGM results show that perceived stress caused by high psychological task demands increases over time (d = 0.22), whereas perceived stress caused by negative pupil aspects decreases over time (d = −0.52). Further, workload reduction decreases the level of perceived high psychological task demands, negative social aspects, and all the stress responses. Perceived support for effective teaching behaviour decreases the level of perceived negative emotions and discontent. Further, school enculturation has an influence on the change in perceived discontent over time.ConclusionsPerceived stress causes and stress responses can change over time. Specific induction arrangement elements appear to be powerful elements to reduce the level, and the change over time, of specific perceived stress causes and stress responses.
The effects of mind games in math and grammar courses on the achievements and perceived problem‐solving skills of secondary school students
Authors: Demirel Turgay , Karakus Yilmaz Turkan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe goal of this study is to determine the effectiveness of mind games played by secondary school sixth grade students as classroom activities in math and grammar courses on their perceived problem‐solving skills and achievements. In the quantitative part of the study, the nonequivalent groups pre‐test–post‐test control group design from single‐factor quasi experimental designs was used. Qualitative data collection and analysis approaches have also been used to support and explain quantitative data. The study's sample group, which was formed using a convenience sampling method, consisted of 48 sixth grade secondary school students who studied in a moderately developed city center in Turkey and their teachers. An achievement test, perceived problem‐solving skills scale and semistructured interview guide were used as the data collection tools. According to the findings, the students in the experimental group who played mind games showed development in their perceived problem‐solving skills and achievements compared to the control group. The opinions of the teachers and students on the effects of the mental practices were also found to be positive.
Digital animation: New conditions for children's development in play‐based setting
Authors: Fleer Marilyn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is increasing recognition of digital childhoods [Danby, S., Fleer, M., Davidson, C., & Hatzigianni, M. (Eds.). (2018). Digital childhood. Amsterdam: Springer] and a corresponding body of research into young child's engagement with digital devices across a broad range of contexts [Marsh, J. A., Plowman, L., Yamada‐Rice, D., Bishop, J., & Scott, F. (2016). Digital play: a new classification. Early Years, 36, 242–253. doi:10.1080/09575146.20161167675]. What is missing from the literature is an understanding of if and how these devices, when used with animation apps in play‐based programs, change pre‐school practices and the developmental conditions of children's play. In drawing upon Vygotsky's [(). Play and its role in the mental development of the child. Voprosy Psikhologii, 12, 62–76] conception of play as the leading motive of pre‐school‐aged children, the naturalistic study reported in this paper seeks to address this gap. Video observations of children (3.3–5.8 years) and teachers digitally engaged across five sites during free‐play time (413.8 h of video observations) were studied using a cultural–historical conception of play [Vygotsky, L. S. (2005). Appendix: from the notes of L.S Vygotsky for lectures on the psychology of preschool children. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, 43, 90–97]. The findings show that digital animation in a free‐play program where role‐play is featured can enrich the play opportunities of children which in turn promote play complexity and increase social and cognitive demands on children, which together can be theorized as a positive force for children's development. These developmental conditions emerged as a profile of five interrelated key digital practices and psychological characteristics, adding to our understandings of digital play.
Knowledge and Assertion in Korean
Authors: Turri John , Park YeounJun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEvidence from life science, cognitive science, and philosophy supports the hypothesis that knowledge is a central norm of the human practice of assertion. However, to date, the experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited to American anglophones. If the hypothesis is correct, then such findings will not be limited to one language or culture. Instead, we should find a strong connection between knowledge and assertability across human languages and cultures. To begin testing this prediction, we conducted three experiments on Koreans in Korean. In each case, the findings replicated prior results observed in Americans and were corroborated by key findings from new replication studies on Americans using materials back‐translated from Korean. These findings support the theory that there is a core, cross‐culturally robust human practice of assertion and that, according to the rules of this practice, assertions should express knowledge.
The Relation Between Factual and Counterfactual Conditionals
Authors: Quelhas Ana Cristina , Rasga Célia , Johnson‐Laird P. N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhat is the relation between factual conditionals: If A happened then B happened, and counterfactual conditionals: If A had happened then B would have happened? Some theorists propose quite different semantics for the two. In contrast, the theory of mental models and its computer implementation interrelates them. It postulates that both can have a priori truth values, and that the semantic bases of both are possibilities: states that are possible for factual conditionals, and that were once possible but that did not happen for counterfactual conditionals. Two experiments supported these relations. Experiment 1 showed that, like factual conditionals, certain counterfactuals are true a priori, and others are false a priori. Experiment 2 replicated this result and showed that participants selected appropriate paraphrases, referring, respectively, to real and to counterfactual possibilities, for the two sorts of conditional. These results are contrary to alternative accounts of conditionals.
Cover Image, Volume 20, Issue 8
Authors: Elvert Ralf , Herling Andreas W. , Bossart Martin , Weiss Tilo , Zhang Baohong , Wenski Pierre , Wandschneider Jörn , Kleutsch Sabrina , Butty Uwe , Kannt Aimo , Wagner Michael , Haack Torsten , Evers Andreas , Dudda Angela , Lorenz Martin , Keil Stefanie , Larsen Philip J. 
Published: July 2018

The cover image, by Ralf Elvert, et al., is based on the Original Article Running on mixed fuel‐dual agonistic approach of GLP‐1 and GCG receptors leads to beneficial impact on body weight and blood glucose control: A comparative study between mice and non‐human primates, DOI: 10.1111/dom.13212.
image
High-dimensional macroeconomic forecasting and variable selection via
penalized regression
Authors: Uematsu Yoshimasa , Tanaka Shinya 
Published: July 2018

Summary
This study examines high-dimensional forecasting and variable selection via folded-concave penalized regressions. The penalized regression approach leads to sparse estimates of the regression coefficients and allows the dimensionality of the model to be much larger than the sample size. First, we discuss the theoretical aspects of a penalized regression in a time series setting. Specifically, we show the oracle inequality with ultra-high-dimensional time-dependent regressors. Then we show the validity of the penalized regression using two empirical applications. First, we forecast quarterly US gross domestic product data using a high-dimensional monthly data set and the mixed data sampling (MIDAS) framework with penalization. Second, we examine how well the penalized regression screens a hidden portfolio based on a large New York Stock Exchange stock price data set. Both applications show that a penalized regression provides remarkable results in terms of forecasting performance and variable selection.
Lifelong population connectivity between large rivers and their tributaries: A case study of shovelnose sturgeon from the Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers
Authors: Pracheil Brenda M. , Lyons John , Hamann Ellen J. , Short Patrick H. , McIntyre Peter B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFishes that depend on large‐river habitats have declined in many regions due to human alteration of both mainstems and tributaries. Conserving these species is often complicated by their dependence on long‐distance movements to complete their life cycle, but the location of key habitats is difficult to assess across multiple life history stages. Movement of large‐river fishes between mainstems and major tributaries is commonly observed, but the role of these exchanges at the population level is uncertain. We used shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) as a case study for assessing the lifelong spatial ecology of large‐river fishes. Fin ray microchemistry data indicate that shovelnose sturgeon from the Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers represent a unified population that relies on connections among multiple large‐river habitats throughout life history. The tributary serves as an important spawning area, but fin ray chemistry data suggest larvae subsequently drift downstream to nursery habitats in the mainstem; an assertion that is supported by extensive field survey data. Our analyses underscore the lifelong importance of connections within river networks for maintaining viable populations of this, and likely other large‐river species that have been documented to use tributary habitats. These findings support a metapopulation perspective on species that depend on large‐river habitats, many of which are now highly altered and fragmented. For shovelnose sturgeon and species with similar life history, protecting or restoring linkages between mainstem rivers and their tributaries should be a conservation priority.
Exercise capacity and clinical outcomes in adults followed in the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD)
Authors: Badawy Sherif M. , Payne Amanda B. , Rodeghier Mark J. , Liem Robert I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the factors associated with exercise capacity in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) and its relationship to hospitalizations and mortality.MethodsA total of 223 participants in the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD) (64% female, 70% hemoglobin SS/Sβ0 thalassemia, mean age 43.3 ± 7.5 years) underwent maximal exercise testing using a treadmill protocol with a mean duration of 11.6 ± 5.2 minutes.ResultsFemale sex (β = −3.34, 95% CI [−1.80, −4.88], P < 0.001), older age (β = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.24, −0.04], P = 0.005), higher body mass index (β = −0.23, 95% CI [−0.37, −0.10]; P = 0.001), and lower hemoglobin (β = 0.56, 95% CI [0.08, 1.04], P = 0.02) were independently associated with lower fitness, while there was a trend with abnormal pulmonary function testing (β = −1.42, 95% CI [−2.92, 0.07]; P = 0.06). Lower percent‐predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was independently associated with lower fitness (β = 0.08, 95% CI [0.03, 0.13], P = 0.001). Genotype and hospitalization rates for pain and acute chest syndrome (ACS) prior to testing were not associated with exercise capacity. Baseline exercise capacity predicted neither future pain or ACS nor survival in our cohort. Adults with SCD tolerated maximal exercise testing.ConclusionsProspective studies are needed to further evaluate the impact of regular exercise and improved fitness on clinical outcomes and mortality in SCD.
Long‐term safety and treatment effects of cannabidiol in children and adults with treatment‐resistant epilepsies: Expanded access program results
Authors: Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Bebin Elizabeth Martina , Comi Anne M. , Patel Anup D. , Joshi Charuta , Checketts Daniel , Beal Jules C. , Laux Linda C. , De Boer Lisa M. , Wong Matthew H. , Lopez Merrick , Devinsky Orrin , Lyons Paul D. , Zentil Pilar Pichon , Wechsler Robert ,   CBD EAP study group
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveSince 2014, cannabidiol (CBD) has been administered to patients with treatment‐resistant epilepsies (TREs) in an ongoing expanded‐access program (EAP). We report interim results on the safety and efficacy of CBD in EAP patients treated through December 2016.MethodsTwenty‐five US‐based EAP sites enrolling patients with TRE taking stable doses of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at baseline were included. During the 4‐week baseline period, parents/caregivers kept diaries of all countable seizure types. Patients received oral CBD starting at 2‐10 mg/kg/d, titrated to a maximum dose of 25‐50 mg/kg/d. Patient visits were every 2‐4 weeks through 16 weeks and every 2‐12 weeks thereafter. Efficacy endpoints included the percentage change from baseline in median monthly convulsive and total seizure frequency, and percentage of patients with ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reductions in seizures vs baseline. Data were analyzed descriptively for the efficacy analysis set and using the last‐observation‐carried‐forward method to account for missing data. Adverse events (AEs) were documented at each visit.ResultsOf 607 patients in the safety dataset, 146 (24%) withdrew; the most common reasons were lack of efficacy (89 [15%]) and AEs (32 [5%]). Mean age was 13 years (range, 0.4‐62). Median number of concomitant AEDs was 3 (range, 0‐10). Median CBD dose was 25 mg/kg/d; median treatment duration was 48 weeks. Add‐on CBD reduced median monthly convulsive seizures by 51% and total seizures by 48% at 12 weeks; reductions were similar through 96 weeks. Proportion of patients with ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reductions in convulsive seizures were 52%, 31%, and 11%, respectively, at 12 weeks, with similar rates through 96 weeks. CBD was generally well tolerated; most common AEs were diarrhea (29%) and somnolence (22%).SignificanceResults from this ongoing EAP support previous observational and clinical trial data showing that add‐on CBD may be an efficacious long‐term treatment option for TRE.