bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaze Toward Naturalistic Social Scenes by Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Designs
Authors: Liang Jiali , Wilkinson Krista 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
A striking characteristic of the social communication deficits in individuals with autism is atypical patterns of eye contact during social interactions. We used eye-tracking technology to evaluate how the number of human figures depicted and the presence of sharing activity between the human figures in still photographs influenced visual attention by individuals with autism, typical development, or Down syndrome. We sought to examine visual attention to the contents of visual scene displays, a growing form of augmentative and alternative communication support.

Method
Eye-tracking technology recorded point-of-gaze while participants viewed 32 photographs in which either 2 or 3 human figures were depicted. Sharing activities between these human figures are either present or absent. The sampling rate was 60 Hz; that is, the technology gathered 60 samples of gaze behavior per second, per participant. Gaze behaviors, including latency to fixate and time spent fixating, were quantified.

Results
The overall gaze behaviors were quite similar across groups, regardless of the social content depicted. However, individuals with autism were significantly slower than the other groups in latency to first view the human figures, especially when there were 3 people depicted in the photographs (as compared with 2 people). When participants' own viewing pace was considered, individuals with autism resembled those with Down syndrome.

Conclusion
The current study supports the inclusion of social content with various numbers of human figures and sharing activities between human figures into visual scene displays, regardless of the population served. Study design and reporting practices in eye-tracking literature as it relates to autism and Down syndrome are discussed.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6066545
Analogue predistorter based on non‐linear CRLHTL
Authors: Deng Hailin , Zhou Dongfang , Zhang Dewei , Zhang Yi 
Published: April 2018

A low insertion loss (IL) analogue predistorter using non‐linear composite right–left‐handed transmission line (CRLHTL) is presented. The proposed predistorter consists of two symmetrical CRLHTL unit cells. In the experiment, this predistorter can achieve about 2.2 dB gain expansion and 17° phase shift during 4.4–4.5 GHz with only 4.3 dB IL. A C‐band 40 W solid‐state power amplifier observes 8.1 dB enhancement in the intermodulation at −6 dB output power backoff when linearised by the proposed predistorter.
Proximal tibia stress fracture with Osteoarthritis of knee − Radiological and functional analysis of one stage TKA with long stem
Authors: Soundarrajan Dhanasekaran , Rajkumar Natesan , Dhanasekararaja Palanisamy , Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Proximal tibia stress fractures with knee osteoarthritis pose a challenging situation. We evaluated the radiological and functional outcome of one-stage total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and long stem for patients with varied grades of knee arthritis and proximal tibia stress fractures.
Methods: We analysed 20 patients from April 2012 to March 2017 with proximal tibia stress fractures associated with knee osteoarthritis of varied grades. Out of 20 patients, five were acute fresh fractures. The mean age was 64 years (range, 52–78) which includes three men and 17 women. Previous surgery in the same limb, rheumatoid arthritis, valgus deformity were excluded. All patients were treated with posterior stabilised TKA with long stem, of which, four patients had screw augmentation for medial tibial bone defect and two patients with malunited fracture at stress fracture site required osteotomy, plating and bone grafting. Two patients had two level stress fracture of tibia in the same leg.
Results: The mean follow-up period was 28 (range, 6–60) months. The mean tibiofemoral angle improved from 18.27° varus to 1.8° valgus. The mean knee society score improved from 21.9 (range, −10 to 45) to 82.8 (range, 15–99) [p < 0.05]. The mean Knee Society functional score improved from 15.5 (range, −10 to 40) to 76.8 (range, 10–100) [p < 0.05]. All fractures got united at the last follow-up. One patient had infection and wound dehiscence at six months for which debridement done and had poor functional outcome.
Conclusion: TKA with long stem gives excellent outcome, irrespective of severity of arthritis associated with stress fracture. By restoring limb alignment and bypassing the fracture site, it facilitates fracture healing. Early detection and prompt intervention is necessary to prevent the progression to recalcitrant non-union or malunion.
Couples Facing the Birth of a Newborn with a Congenital Anomaly: PTSD Symptoms in the First Year
Authors: Bevilacqua Francesca , Morini Francesco , Zaccara Antonio , De Marchis Chiara , Braguglia Annabella , Gentile Simonetta , Bagolan Pietro , Aite Lucia 
Published: April 2018

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in parental couples of newborn requiring early surgery at 6 and 12 months after birth.
Study Design A longitudinal study was set up from January 2014 to June 2015. As a measure of PTSD, we used the Italian version of the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R).
Results Thirty-four couples form the object of the study. At 6 months, half of mothers (52.9%) and fathers (44.1%) reported traumatic stress symptoms above the clinical cutoff. Percentages remained stable at 12 months. When parental gender and length of follow-up were compared with two-factor analysis of variance, none had an impact on IES-R score, nor an interaction between these factors was found. A significant correlation of IES-R total score was present within the couple both at 6 and 12 months (6 months—r: 0.6842, p < 0.0001 and 12 months—r: 0.4045, p = 0.0177).
Conclusion Having a child with a repaired malformation represents a complex prolonged stressful situation with persistent burden for both parents who are at high risk of developing PTSD symptoms.
Clinician Perceptions of the NICU Infant Experience: Is the NICU Hospitalization Traumatic?
Authors: Coughlin Mary , Sanders Marilyn , D'Agata Amy 
Published: April 2018

Objective Infants cared for in a newborn intensive care unit (NICU) experience pain, parental separation, and stress that may approach toxic levels, thus are potentially traumatic. Lack of accepted clinical terminology to describe the infant experience may result in under appreciation of NICU hospitalization on infant and family outcomes. This study explored NICU clinician perceptions of the infant experience and how the terms trauma/traumatic would impact their clinical roles and practices.
Study Design Semistructured focus group interviews and thematic analysis were used to describe professionals' perceptions of the infant's experience and terminology. Focus groups were organized by professional role, including NICU leadership, physicians, nurses, and ancillary providers.
Result Six themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: at our mercy, trauma defined and redefined, and now you have broken them too, perceptions of NICU experience change over time, trauma in the NICU: whose trauma is it, and not knowing the infant and family experience.
Conclusion While recognizing potentially toxic infant stress levels, clinicians are reluctant to describe the NICU infant experience as traumatic. Hesitations relate to clinicians' personal concerns that they may be seen as agents of trauma and the impact for families if the NICU experience was described as traumatic by clinicians.
The Frequency of Type I Heterozygous Protein S and Protein C Deficiency in 141 Unrelated Young Patients with Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Gladson C L , Scharrer I , Hach V , Beck K H , Griffin J H 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe frequency of heterozygous protein C and protein S deficiency, detected by measuring total plasma antigen, in a group (n = 141) of young unrelated patients (<45 years old) with venous thrombotic disease was studied and compared to that of antithrombin III, fibrinogen, and plasminogen deficiencies. Among 91 patients not receiving oral anticoagulants, six had low protein S antigen levels and one had a low protein C antigen level. Among 50 patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy, abnormally low ratios of protein S or C to other vitamin K-dependent factors were presented by one patient for protein S and five for protein C. Thus, heterozygous Type I protein S deficiency appeared in seven of 141 patients (5%) and heterozygous Type I protein C deficiency in six of 141 patients (4%). Eleven of thirteen deficient patients had recurrent venous thrombosis. In this group of 141 patients, 1% had an identifiable fibrinogen abnormality, 2% a plasminogen abnormality, and 3% an antithrombin III deficiency. Thus, among the known plasma protein deficiencies associated with venous thrombosis, protein S and protein C. deficiencies (9%) emerge as the leading identifiable associated abnormalities.
Increased Response to Arachidonic Acid and U-46619 and Resistance to Inhibitory Prostaglandins in Patients with Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: Cortelazzo Sergio , Galli Monica , Castagna Donatella , Viero Piera , Gaetano Giovanni de , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) a group of related diseases of the bone marrow stem cell and recurrent haemorrhagic and/or thrombotic complications, the production of aggregating prostaglandins (PGs) may be normal or slightly reduced, while PGI2 production is normal. However, MPD platelet sensitivity to antiaggregatory PGs is still unknown.We studied the potency of PGD2, PGI2 and PGEi as inhibitors of platelet aggregation induced by threshold aggregating concentrations of arachidonic acid and U-46619-analogue of the cyclic endoperoxide PGH2 in 20 patients with MPD in comparison with healthy controls, with the aim of evaluating the sensitivity of MPD platelets to antiaggregatory PGs. In these patients platelet prostanoid metabolism was normal. However, the functional response of platelets to aggregating and antiaggregating prostanoids was shifted towards potentially increased platelet aggregation response. These findings could have a clinical relevance in view of the haemostatic and thrombotic complications so frequent in MPD.
A Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-2) Circulates in Two Molecular Forms During Pregnancy
Authors: Booth Nuala A , Reith Alison , Bennett Bruce 
Published: April 2018

SummaryDuring normal pregnancy maternal haemostasis alters to protect against bleeding with a rise in plasma clotting factor levels and increased inhibition of fibrinolysis. The latter is due in part to increased levels of the 48 kDa plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) present in the plasma of non-pregnant individuals. A second plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2) occurs in placenta and in a cultured histiocytic lymphoma cell line. We report here the identification by SDS-PAGE and zymography of PAI-2 in plasma during normal pregnancy. PAI-2 was present in two molecular forms of about 75 and 130 kDa, which were detectable at 12 weeks gestation and which persisted in the maternal circulation for up to 7 days after delivery. These forms of PAI-2 appear to be distinct from purifed PAI-2, which has a molecular mass of 47–60 kDa and which is not normally detectable in this zymographic system, since it is sensitive to denaturants. The novel forms of PAI-2 may represent complexes or aggregates that retain activity after SDS-PAGE.
Correlation Between Fetal Weight Gain and Birth Weight with Blood Flow in the Uterine Arteries Calculated with the PixelFlux Technique
Authors: Arneberg Helene , Andersen Thea , Lorås Liv , Torp Hans , Scholbach Thomas , Eggebø Torbjørn 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Introduction The aim was to investigate correlations between fetal weight gain/day and birthweight with blood flow estimates in the uterine arteries calculated with the PixelFlux technique and with measurements from TAmax. We also aimed to examine the agreement between estimates using the two methods.
Material and methods We conducted a prospective observational pilot study in pregnancy week 24–25 in women with risk pregnancies referred to the fetal medical centre at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway from March 2016 to June 2016. Blood flow in the uterine arteries was calculated using time-averaged peak velocity (TAmax) and the PixelFlux technique. PixelFlux is a method based on pixelwise calculation of spatially angle-corrected velocities and areas of all pixels inside a vessel during a heart cycle.
Results The mean flow calculated from PixelFlux and TAmax was 811 ml/minute and 787 ml/minute, respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.83 (95% CI 0.72-0.90) and limits of agreement were −441 ml/minute (95% CI -558 to −324 ml/minute) to 489 ml/minute (95% CI 372 to 606 ml/minute). We observed a significant correlation between mean flow calculated from PixelFlux and birthweight (r=0.41; p<0.01) and between flow calculated from PixelFlux and weight gain/day (r=0.33; p=0.02). Calculation based on TAmax was significant correlated to birthweight (r=0.34; p=0.02), but not to weight-gain/day. Pulsatile index was not correlated to flow, birthweight or fetal weight-gain/day.
Conclusions We found significant correlations between estimated blood flow in the uterine arteries using the PixelFlux technique with fetal weight-gain/day and with birthweight. Estimates from two methods showed good agreement.
Novel temperature-controlled RFA probe for treatment of blocked metal biliary stents in patients with pancreaticobiliary cancers: initial experience
Authors: Nayar Manu , Oppong Kofi , Bekkali Noor , Leeds John 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is used to treat blocked biliary stents in patients with pancreaticobiliary (PB) tumors with varying results. We report our experience with a novel temperature-controlled probe for treatment of blocked metal stents.
Patients and methods Patients with histologically proven PB cancers and a blocked biliary stents were treated using ELRATM electrode (Taewoong Medical) under fluoroscopic guidance. Demographics, clinical outcome, stricture diameter improvements, complications and mortality at 30 days were prospectively recorded.
Results Nine procedures were performed on seven patients (4 male, 3 female); mean age 65.33 (range 56 – 82 years). Mean stricture diameter prior to RFA was 1.13 mm (SD ± 0.54) and 4.42 mm (SD ± 1.54) following RFA (P < 0.0001). Five of seven patients (71 %) required additional stents to ensure optimal drainage. There were no procedure-related complications. Mean follow-up was 193.55 days (range 31 – 540) and three of nine patients (33 %) died due to terminal cancer.
Conclusion These are the first reported data on use of a temperature-controlled RFA catheter in humans to treat blocked metal biliary stents. The device is safe but further randomized trials are required to establish the efficacy and survival benefits of this probe.
Narrow band imaging efficiency in evaluation of mucosal healing/relapse of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Sasanuma Seiko , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Kudo Shin-ei , Ogata Noriyuki , Maeda Yasuharu , Misawa Masashi , Mori Yuichi , Kudo Toyoki , Hisayuki Tomokauzu , Wakamura Kunihiko , Hayashi Takemasa , Katagiri Atsushi , Miyachi Hideyuki , Baba Toshiyuki , Ishida Fumio 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Mucosal healing is a current treatment target in ulcerative colitis (UC), while histological remission is another target. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of magnified narrow band imaging (NBI) findings of mucosal healing and their relationship with histological activity and prognosis.
Patients and methods Patients with UC who underwent total colonoscopy between January 2010 and December 2012 with left-sided or total-colitis type UC and achieved clinical remission with an endoscopic Mayo score of 0 or 1 were included. Each colon section was observed with white light and magnified NBI, with the colonoscopy being repeated at 1-year follow-up. We assessed the relationships of magnified NBI with histological disease activity and prognosis. Magnified NBI findings were divided into three categories; honeycomb-like blood vessels (BV-H), blood vessels shaped like bare branches (BV-BB), and blood vessels shaped like vines (BV-V).
Results Fifty-two patients were included. The percentage of remitted mucosa with BV-BB was 37 %, while that of mucosa with scars with BV-H was 35 %. BV-H and BV-BB did not show pathological activity (12/292 and 8/299, respectively), while BV-V showed high pathological activity (27/33, 81 %). There was a correlation between magnified NBI findings and pathological findings (P < 0.01). The odds ratio for inflammation activity at 1-year follow-up was 14.2 for BV-BB (95 % CI, 3.3 – 60.9)
Conclusion Magnified NBI findings showed a good relationship with histological activity. This suggests that we could estimate histological activity without biopsy, and also the possibility of predicting relapse over the following year.
Children’s rights and the non-identity problem
Authors: Magnusson Erik 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCan appealing to children’s rights help to solve the non-identity problem in cases of procreation? A number of philosophers have answered affirmatively, arguing that even if children cannot be harmed by being born into disadvantaged conditions, they may nevertheless be wronged if those conditions fail to meet a minimal standard of decency to which all children are putatively entitled. This paper defends the tenability of this view by outlining and responding to five prominent objections that have been raised against it in the contemporary literature: (1) the identifiability objection; (2) the non-existence objection; (3) the waiving of rights objection, (4) the lack of legitimate complaint objection; and (5) the unfairness objection.
Renal Protective Effects of N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline (Ac-SDKP) in Obese Rats on a High-Salt Diet
Authors: Maheshwari Mani , Romero Cesar A , Monu Sumit R , Kumar Nitin , Liao Tang-Dong , Peterson Edward L , Carretero Oscar A 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Obesity is a public health problem, associated with salt sensitive hypertension, kidney inflammation, and fibrosis. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) is a tetra peptide with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. However, its effect on preventing kidney damage in obesity is unknown. We hypothesized that Zucker obese (ZO) rats on a high-salt (HS) diet develop renal damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and this is prevented with Ac-SDKP treatment.

METHODS
Zucker lean (ZL) and ZO rats (8 weeks old) were treated with Ac-SDKP (1.6 mg/kg/day) while maintained on either a normal-salt (NS; 0.4%) or HS (4%) diet for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), albuminuria, renal inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated.

RESULTS
HS diet increased macrophage infiltration in the kidneys of both ZL and ZO rats but was significantly higher in ZO rats receiving the HS diet (ZL + NS, 13.9 ± 1.3 vs. ZL + HS, 19.14 ± 1.5 and ZO + NS, 25.5 ± 1.4 vs. ZO + HS, 87.8 ± 10.8 cells/mm2; P &lt; 0.05). Ac-SDKP prevented macrophage infiltration in ZO rats (ZO + HS + Ac-SDKP, 32.18 ± 2.4 cells/mm2; P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, glomerulosclerosis, cortical, and medullary interstitial fibrosis were increased in ZO rats fed the HS diet, and Ac-SDKP attenuated these alterations (P &lt; 0.05). SBP was increased in ZO rats fed the HS diet (ZO + NS, 121.3 ± 8.9 vs. ZO + HS, 164 ± 6.9 mm Hg; P &lt; 0.05), and it was significantly decreased with Ac-SDKP treatment (ZO + HS + Ac-SDKP, 144.05 ± 14.1 mm Hg; P = 0.004). Albuminuria was higher in ZO rats than in ZL rats; however, neither HS nor Ac-SDKP treatment affected it.

CONCLUSIONS
Ac-SDKP treatment in ZO rats fed a HS diet prevented renal damage by reducing inflammation, fibrosis, and SBP.
Longitudinal Associations of Neighborhood Crime and Perceived Safety With Blood Pressure: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Mayne Stephanie L , Moore Kari A , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M , Evenson Kelly R , Block Richard , Kershaw Kiarri N 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
High neighborhood crime and low perceptions of safety may influence blood pressure (BP) through chronic stress. Few studies have examined these associations using longitudinal data.

METHODS
We used longitudinal data from 528 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (aged 45–84, nonhypertensive at baseline) who lived in Chicago, Illinois. We examined associations of changes in individual-level perceived safety, aggregated neighborhood-level perceived safety, and past-year rates of police-recorded crime in a 1, ½, or ¼ mile buffer per 1,000 population with changes in systolic and diastolic BPs using fixed-effects linear regression. BP was measured five times between 2000 and 2012 and was adjusted for antihypertensive medication use (+10 mm Hg added to systolic and +5 mm Hg added to diastolic BP for participants on medication). Models were adjusted for time-varying sociodemographic and health-related characteristics and neighborhood socioeconomic status. We assessed differences by sex.

RESULTS
A standard deviation increase in individual-level perceived safety was associated with a 1.54 mm Hg reduction in systolic BP overall (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25, 2.83), and with a 1.24 mm Hg reduction in diastolic BP among women only (95% CI: 0.37, 2.12) in adjusted models. Increased neighborhood-level safety was not associated with BP change. An increase in police-recorded crime was associated with a reduction in systolic and diastolic BPs among women only, but results were sensitive to neighborhood buffer size.

CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest individual perception of neighborhood safety may be particularly salient for systolic BP reduction relative to more objective neighborhood exposures.
Independent Early and Late Sensory Processes for Proprioceptive Integration When Planning a Step
Authors: Saradjian Anahid H , Teasdale Normand , Blouin Jean , Mouchnino Laurence 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Somatosensory inputs to the cortex undergo an early and a later stage of processing which are characterized by an early and a late somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). The early response is highly representative of the stimulus characteristics whereas the late response reflects a more integrative, task specific, stage of sensory processing. We hypothesized that the later processing stage is independent of the early processing stage. We tested the prediction that a reduction of the first volley of input to the cortex should not prevent the increase of the late SEP. Using the sensory interference phenomenon, we halved the amplitude of the early response to somatosensory input of the ankle joints (evoked by vibration) when participants either planned a step forward or remained still. Despite the initial cortical response to the vibration being massively decreased in both tasks, the late response was still enhanced during step planning. Source localization indicated the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as the likely origin of the late response modulation. Overall these results support the dissociation between the processes underlying the early and late SEP. The later processing stage could involve both direct and indirect thalamic connections to PPC which bypass the postcentral somatosensory cortex.