bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pan Proteome of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Isolates Contrasting in Virulence
Authors: Távora Fabiano T. P. K. , Santos Cristiane , Maximiano Mariana R. , Murad André M. , Oliveira‐Neto Osmundo Brilhante , Megias Esaú , Reis Junior Fábio B. , Franco Octávio L. , Mehta Angela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFully sequenced genomes of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) strains are reported. However, intra‐pathovar differences are still intriguing and far from clear. In this work, the contrasting virulence between two isolates of Xcc ‐ Xcc51 (more virulent) and XccY21 (less virulent) is evaluated by determining their pan proteome profiles. The bacteria are grown in NYG and XVM1 (optimal for induction of hrp regulon) broths and collected at the max‐exponential growth phase. Shotgun proteomics reveals a total of 329 proteins when Xcc isolates are grown in XVM1. A comparison of both profiles reveals 47 proteins with significant abundance fluctuations, out of which, 39 show an increased abundance in Xcc51 and are mainly involved in virulence/adaptation mechanisms, genetic information processing, and membrane receptor/iron transport systems, such as BfeA, BtuB, Cap, Clp, Dcp, FyuA, GroEs, HpaG, Tig, and OmpP6. Several differential proteins are further analyzed by qRT‐PCR, which reveals a similar expression pattern to the protein abundance. The data shed light on the complex Xcc pathogenicity mechanisms and point out a set of proteins related to the higher virulence of Xcc51. This information is essential for the development of more efficient strategies aiming at the control of black rot disease.
Target validation: Weak selectivity of LY341495 for mGluR2 over mGluR4 makes glutamate a less selective agonist
Authors: McCullock Tyler W. , Kammermeier Paul J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are class C G protein coupled receptors with widespread expression in the central nervous system. There are eight mGluRs in the mammalian genome. Research on mGluRs relies on the availability of selective compounds. While many selective allosteric compounds have been described, selectivity of orthosteric agonists and antagonists has been more difficult due to the similarity of the glutamate binding pocket across the mGluR family. LY341495 has been used for decades as a potent and selective group II mGluR antagonist. The selectivity of LY341495 was investigated here between mGluR2, a group II mGluR, and mGluR4, a group III receptor, heterologously expressed in adult rat sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), which provides a null‐mGluR background upon which mGluRs were examined in isolation. The compound does in fact selectively inhibit mGluR2 over mGluR4, but in such a way that it makes signaling of the two receptors more difficult to distinguish. The glutamate potency of mGluR2 is about 10‐fold higher than mGluR4. 50 nmol L−1 LY341495 did not alter mGluR4 signaling but shifted the mGluR2 glutamate dose‐response about 10‐fold, such that it overlapped more closely with that of mGluR4. Increasing the LY341494 dose to 500 nmol L−1 further shifted the glutamate dose‐response of mGluR2 by another ~10‐fold, but also shifted that of mGluR4 similarly. Thus, while glutamate is a moderately selective agonist of mGluR2 over mGluR4 when applied alone, in the presence of increasing concentrations of LY341495, this selectivity of glutamate is lost.
Observer‐based position control of uncertain mechanical systems with measurement uncertainty
Authors: Liang Song , Wang Zaihua 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper studies the position control of uncertain mechanical systems with measurement uncertainty. Firstly, an observer using measurement signals is designed to estimate the unknown disturbances under an improved assumption of the uncertainties. The improved assumption can give smaller error estimation with same observer gain compared with the conventional assumption. Next, the essence of the observer and the method for selecting the observer gain are introduced. For the case when measurement uncertainties are not considered, the observer is allowed to have a large gain. As for the current case, it is shown that the observer with a large gain will lead to a failure. Then, by using the observed values, two switching controllers using measurement signals are proposed to realize the position control. The proposed control is a generalization of the sliding mode control without measurement uncertainty to the case with measurement uncertainty. Meanwhile, the features of the velocity change of the controlled system are discussed. Finally, as an application of the control design, the position control of a dynamic positioning system is investigated in details. The motion of the controlled system exhibits obviously three phases with different velocity features during the system moves to the target position: approximate acceleration phase, approximate uniform velocity phase, and approximate deceleration phase, and the velocity of the approximate uniform velocity phase can be easily adjusted with the change of the control gains.
Orthography Facilitates Memory for Proper Names in Emergent Readers
Authors: O’Leary Robin , Ehri Linnea C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe authors examined whether exposing young students to spellings as they learn proper names would facilitate memory for the spoken names when tested without the spellings present (i.e., orthographic facilitation), whether emergent readers with letter knowledge would show this effect, and whether phonemic segmentation (PS) training would enhance the effect. Sixty 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds who knew letter names but read few, if any, words were randomly assigned to three PS training conditions: segmentation of consonant‐vowel (CV) words with letters, segmentation of CV words with nonalphabetic markers, or irrelevant rhyme training. Following PS training, students were given several trials to learn pronunciations of 10 made‐up CV words that named drawings of characters with distinctive features. Half of the drawings were accompanied by spellings representing sounds in the names and the other half by familiar but unrelated two‐digit numbers. Students were exposed to spellings or numbers during study and feedback periods but not during recall tests. Results showed that all three training groups recalled proper names better when they had seen spellings than numbers, but spellings did not enhance recall of distinctive visual features associated with the names. PS training with letters improved students’ invented spellings but did not affect orthographic facilitation. Findings reveal that even prereaders with letter knowledge can spontaneously use the letters as mnemonics to enhance memory for proper names. Results suggest that when preschool and kindergarten teachers define words orally, they should also write them. Findings support a developmental connectionist theory of orthographic facilitation effects and carry implications for the use of appropriate direct instruction in early childhood education.
The ecology of killer yeasts: Interference competition in natural habitats
Authors: Boynton Primrose J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKiller yeasts are ubiquitous in the environment: They have been found in diverse habitats ranging from ocean sediment to decaying cacti to insect bodies and on all continents including Antarctica. However, environmental killer yeasts are poorly studied compared with laboratory and domesticated killer yeasts. Killer yeasts secrete so‐called killer toxins that inhibit nearby sensitive yeasts, and the toxins are frequently assumed to be tools for interference competition in diverse yeast communities. The diversity and ubiquity of killer yeasts imply that interference competition is crucial for shaping yeast communities. Additionally, these toxins may have ecological functions beyond use in interference competition. This review introduces readers to killer yeasts in environmental systems, with a focus on what is and is not known about their ecology and evolution. It also explores how results from experimental killer systems in laboratories can be extended to understand how competitive strategies shape yeast communities in nature. Overall, killer yeasts are likely to occur everywhere yeasts are found, and the killer phenotype has the potential to radically shape yeast diversity in nature.
Minimal-invasive Dekompressionsverfahren der Spinalkanalstenose
Authors: Korge A. , Mehren C. , Ruetten S. 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie lumbale Spinalkanalstenose ist eine häufige Erkrankung im höheren Lebensalter mit deutlicher Auswirkung auf die Lebensqualität betroffener Patienten. Initial kommen konservative Therapien zum Einsatz, sie führen jedoch nicht zu einer Behebung der pathologischen Veränderungen. Die operative Erweiterung des Spinalkanals ist zielführend.FragestellungMinimalisierung operativer Zugangsstrategien bei effektiver Dekompression im Spinalkanal unter Vermeidung der Nachteile makrochirurgischer Operationstechniken, monolateraler paravertebraler Zugang für eine bilaterale intraspinale Dekompression, spezielle Operationstechniken.Material und MethodenBeschrieben werden minimal-invasive Dekompressionsverfahren unter Einsatz von Mikroskop und Endoskop. Dabei werden verschiedene operative Strategien in Abhängigkeit von dem Ausmaß (mono-, bi- und multisegmental) und der Lokalisation der Stenose (intraspinal zentral, Recessus lateralis, foraminal) vorgestellt.ErgebnisseMinimal-invasive mikroskopische und endoskopische Dekompressionsverfahren ermöglichen eine suffiziente Erweiterung des Spinalkanals. Nachteile makroskopischer Operationsmethoden (z. B. postoperative Instabilität) werden vermieden. Das Komplikationspotenzial ist teilweise ähnlich dem makroskopischer Eingriffe, jedoch in der Ausprägung deutlich reduziert. Das subjektive Outcome für die Patienten ist spürbar besser.SchlussfolgerungenUnter Hinweis auf moderne minimal-invasive Dekompressionsverfahren stellt die Operation der lumbalen Spinalkanalstenose eine sinnvolle und logische Behandlungsalternative dar, da nur operativ eine kausale Therapie der Pathologie möglich ist.
Carbon ecology of termite gut and phenol degradation by a bacterium isolated from the gut of termite
Authors: Van Dexter Seth , Oubre Christopher , Boopathy Raj 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Metagenomics and transcriptomics have had some success analyzing community and functional ecology of the termite gut, but carbon utilization ecology and the effect of diet on the gut community are not well understood. This study was done to determine the effect of three hardwood tree types, oak (Quercus spp.), red maple (Acer rubrum), and tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) on the termite species, Reticulitermes flavipes in the family Rhinotermitidae. Termite abdomen homogenates were incubated on agar plates containing three common carbon sources in the termite gut, namely, acetate, cellobiose, and phenol under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacterial growth was higher on cellobiose than any other carbon source. Higher bacterial growth on cellobiose was observed from termite colonies feeding on oak than on phenol from the other two wood types. The difference between aerobic and anaerobic conditions was not significant. A bacterium, Acinetobacter tandoii isolated and identified from our previous study was subjected to high concentrations of phenol as the sole carbon source and this bacterium was able to degrade phenol concentration up to 600 mg/L.
Variation in Reported Human Head Tissue Electrical Conductivity Values
Authors: McCann Hannah , Pisano Giampaolo , Beltrachini Leandro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic source characterisation requires accurate volume conductor models representing head geometry and the electrical conductivity field. Head tissue conductivity is often assumed from previous literature, however, despite extensive research, measurements are inconsistent. A meta-analysis of reported human head electrical conductivity values was therefore conducted to determine significant variation and subsequent influential factors. Of 3121 identified publications spanning three databases, 56 papers were included in data extraction. Conductivity values were categorised according to tissue type, and recorded alongside methodology, measurement condition, current frequency, tissue temperature, participant pathology and age. We found variation in electrical conductivity of the whole-skull, the spongiform layer of the skull, isotropic, perpendicularly- and parallelly-oriented white matter (WM) and the brain-to-skull-conductivity ratio (BSCR) could be significantly attributed to a combination of differences in methodology and demographics. This large variation should be acknowledged, and care should be taken when creating volume conductor models, ideally constructing them on an individual basis, rather than assuming them from the literature. When personalised models are unavailable, it is suggested weighted average means from the current meta-analysis are used. Assigning conductivity as: 0.41 S/m for the scalp, 0.02 S/m for the whole skull, or when better modelled as a three-layer skull 0.048 S/m for the spongiform layer, 0.007 S/m for the inner compact and 0.005 S/m for the outer compact, as well as 1.71 S/m for the CSF, 0.47 S/m for the grey matter, 0.22 S/m for WM and 50.4 for the BSCR.
Distributed persistent coverage control and performance evaluation of multi-agent system
Authors: Lee S. , Kim Y. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe persistent coverage control problem is formulated based on cell discretisation of two-dimensional mission space and time-increasing cell ages. A new performance function is defined to represent the coverage level of the mission space, and time behaviour is evaluated by the probabilistic method based on the detection model of agents. For comparison, persistent coverage controllers are designed by a target-based approach and a reactive approach. Both controllers are designed in a distributed manner using Voronoi tessellation and Delaunay graph-based local information sharing. Numerical simulation is performed to analyse the evaluated mean age of cells and evaluated coverage level over time for the designed persistent coverage controllers. The differences between the evaluation model and simulation situation are discussed.
Consultation and Surgical Wait Times in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Sharifi Babak , McIntosh Greg , Fisher Charles , Jacobs W. Bradley , Johnson Michael , Bailey Christopher S. , Christie Sean , Charest-Morin Raphaële , Paquet Jérome , Nataraj Andrew , Cadotte David , Manson Neil , Hall Hamilton , Thomas Kenneth C. , Rampersaud Y. Raja , Dea Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the leading cause of spinal cord impairment. In a public healthcare system, wait times to see spine specialists and eventually access surgical treatment for CSM can be substantial. The goals of this study were to determine consultation wait times (CWT) and surgical wait times (SWT), and identify predictors of wait time length. Methods: Consecutive patients enrolled in the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network (CSORN) prospective and observational CSM study from March 2015 to July 2017 were included. A data-splitting technique was used to develop and internally validate multivariable models of potential predictors. Results: A CSORN query returned 264 CSM patients for CWT. The median was 46 days. There were 31% mild, 35% moderate, and 33% severe CSM. There was a statistically significant difference in median CWT between moderate and severe groups; 207 patients underwent surgical treatment. Median SWT was 42 days. There was a statistically significant difference in SWT between mild/moderate and severe groups. Short symptom duration, less pain, lower BMI, and lower physical component score of SF-12 were predictive of shorter CWT. Only baseline pain and medication duration were predictive of SWT. Both CWT and SWT were shorter compared to a concurrent cohort of lumbar stenosis patients (p &lt;0.001). Conclusions: Patients with shorter duration (either symptoms or medication) and less neck pain waited less to see a spine specialist in Canada and to undergo surgical treatment. This study highlights some of the obstacles to overcome in expedited care for this patient population.
Antibiotic stewardship in the intensive care unit: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Chiotos Kathleen , Tamma Pranita D. , Gerber Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInfections due to antibiotic-resistant organisms are increasing in prevalence and represent a major public health threat. Antibiotic overuse is a major driver of this epidemic, and antibiotic stewardship an important means of limiting antibiotic resistance. The intensive care unit (ICU) setting presents an intersection of opportunities and challenges for effective antibiotic stewardship, but limited data inform optimal stewardship interventions in this setting. In this review, we present unique considerations for stewardship interventions the ICU setting and summarize available data evaluating the impact of prospective audit and feedback, diagnostic test stewardship, rapid molecular diagnostic tests, and procalcitonin-guided algorithms for antibiotic discontinuation. The existing knowledge gaps ripe for future research are emphasized.
The effect of ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensisvar.chinensis) on gut health function: a randomised cross-over clinical trial
Authors: Eady Sarah L. , Wallace Alison J. , Butts Christine A. , Hedderley Duncan , Drummond Lynley , Ansell Juliet , Gearry Richard B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFunctional gastrointestinal disorders including constipation affect up to 14 % of the world's population. Treatment is difficult and challenging resulting in a need for alternative safe and effective therapies. The present study investigated whether daily consumption of three gold-fleshed kiwifruit could alleviate constipation and improve gastrointestinal discomfort in mildly constipated individuals with and without pain. A total of thirty-two participants were enrolled in a 16-week randomised, single-blind, crossover study. Participants received either three ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit or 14·75 g Metamucil®(5 g dietary fibre/d (a positive control)) for 4 weeks each with a 4-week washout between treatments. A 2-week washout period was included at the beginning and end of the study. Daily bowel habit diaries were kept throughout the study. The primary outcome measure was differences in the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM). Secondary outcome measures were bowel movement frequency and stool form as well as digestive symptoms and comfort. The number of CSBM per week was significantly greater during daily consumption of three kiwifruit compared with the baseline (6·3v.3·3;P< 0·05) and the Metamucil®treatment (6·3v.4·5;P< 0·05). Stool consistency was also improved, with kiwifruit producing softer stools and less straining (P< 0·05). Gastrointestinal discomfort was also improved compared with baseline for abdominal pain, constipation and indigestion (P< 0·05) during the kiwifruit intervention and constipation during the Metamucil®intervention (P< 0·05). This randomised controlled trial demonstrates that daily consumption of three gold-fleshed kiwifruit is associated with a significant increase of two CSBM per week and reduction in gastrointestinal discomfort in mildly constipated adults.
TWO-PARAMETER UNIFORMLY ELLIPTIC STURM–LIOUVILLE PROBLEMS WITH EIGENPARAMETER-DEPENDENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Bhattacharyya Bhattacharyya T. , Mohandas Mohandas J. P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider the two-parameter Sturm–Liouville system$$ -y_1''+q_1y_1=(\lambda r_{11}+\mu r_{12})y_1\quad\text{on }[0,1], $$with the boundary conditions$$ \frac{y_1'(0)}{y_1(0)}=\cot\alpha_1\quad\text{and}\quad\frac{y_1'(1)}{y_1(1)}=\frac{a_1\lambda+b_1}{c_1\lambda+d_1}, $$and$$ -y_2''+q_2y_2=(\lambda r_{21}+\mu r_{22})y_2\quad\text{on }[0,1], $$with the boundary conditions$$ \frac{y_2'(0)}{y_2(0)} =\cot\alpha_2\quad\text{and}\quad\frac{y_2'(1)}{y_2(1)}=\frac{a_2\mu+b_2}{c_2\mu+d_2}, $$subject to the uniform-left-definite and uniform-ellipticity conditions; where $q_{i}$ and $r_{ij}$ are continuous real valued functions on $[0,1]$, the angle $\alpha_{i}$ is in $[0,\pi)$ and $a_{i}$, $b_{i}$, $c_{i}$, $d_{i}$ are real numbers with $\delta_{i}=a_{i}d_{i}-b_{i}c_{i}>0$ and $c_{i}\neq0$ for $i,j=1,2$. Results are given on asymptotics, oscillation of eigenfunctions and location of eigenvalues.
Depositional changes during the Danian–Selandian transition in Loubieng (France), Zumaia (Spain) and Sidi Nasseur (Tunisia): insights from and limits of rock magnetism
Authors: Wouters Sébastien , Spassov Simo , Martinez Mathieu , Steurbaut Etienne , Storme Jean-Yves , Yans Johan , Devleeschouwer Xavier 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDepositional changes are studied in three sections encompassing the Danian–Selandian transition, Loubieng (France), Zumaia (Spain) and Sidi Nasseur (Tunisia), using magnetic susceptibility as a proxy. Additional rock-magnetic analyses are used to avoid ambiguous interpretation of magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility, measured on 90 to 270 samples per section, is mainly controlled by paramagnetic minerals and linked to detrital input. Major increases in the detrital input are correlated to the end of the Latest Danian Event, a hyperthermal, and to the Danian–Selandian boundary. In Loubieng, two gradual increases in magnetic susceptibility within limestones beds precede the major detrital input increases, and start synchronously with the beginning of the Latest Danian Event and the onset of haematite deposition around the Danian–Selandian boundary, respectively. This haematite is suspected to be of primary origin based, among other things, on low magnetic viscosity values, which is used here as an indicator of diagenetic origin in haematite and goethite. The red levels where haematite is interpreted to be of primary origin could be linked to the hyperthermal event previously hypothesized for the basal Selandian. The comparison of the magnetic susceptibility, chemo- and biostratigraphic data between the three sections highlights the condensed nature of the sedimentation around the Danian–Selandian boundary in the sections of the Atlantic realm. The lower part of the Selandian shows a particularly low sedimentation rate at Zumaia compared to Loubieng and Sidi Nasseur. The latter displays the most complete record of the three.
Reply to ‘Comment on The geometry and stratigraphic position of the Maassluis Formation (western Netherlands and south-eastern North Sea)’
Authors: Jansen H.S.M. 
Published: May 2019

In their comment, Wesselingh et al. say that pronounced glacioeustacy renders the detailed discussions about age intervals obsolete and that they fail to see the application of the Haq curves for age estimates in the Maassluis Formation can make much sense. We would argue the following:
- Eustacy and sediment supply are the driving forces behind sequence formation and configuration. As our model shows, the overall picture of the Pliocene/Pleistocene along our transect is one of an outbuilding system, going from open marine to terrestrial deposits, which is a classic sequence stratigraphic configuration.- The lower part of the Maassluis Formation in the Noordwijk borehole lies below an unconformity and consists of open marine sediments as opposed to the coastal sediments of the upper part. Since it is the normal transition over a sequence boundary, there is reason to speculate about which sequences we are looking at here and what their age is. There is a large sedimentary wedge to the west of Noordwijk that is missing in the Noordwijk borehole.- The glacial-interglacial cycles Meijer et al. (in press) refer to are likely to be better expressed in the coastal part of the formation, i.e. from ca. 2.55 Ma. This is also the part of the formation where micro-vertebrates will be found, not the (older) marine part. These cycles do not alter the overall sequence stratigraphic model, they add a climatic overprint of smaller sedimentary cycles.