bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fingertip‐Skin‐Inspired Highly Sensitive and Multifunctional Sensor with Hierarchically Structured Conductive Graphite/Polydimethylsiloxane Foams
Authors: Sun Qi‐Jun , Zhao Xin‐Hua , Zhou Ye , Yeung Chi‐Chung , Wu Wei , Venkatesh Shishir , Xu Zong‐Xiang , Wylie Jonathan J. , Li Wen‐Jung , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFingertip skin exhibits high sensitivity in a broad pressure range, and can detect diverse stimuli, including textures, temperature, humidity, etc. Despite adopting diverse microstructures and functional materials, achieving skin sensor devices possessing high pressure sensitivity over a wide linear range and with multifunctional sensing capabilities is still challenging. Herein, inspired by the microstructures of fingertip skin, a highly sensitive skin sensor is demonstrated with a linear response over a broad pressure range and multifunctional sensing capabilities. The porous sensing layer is designed with hierarchical microstructures on the surface. By optimizing the porosity and the graphite concentration, a fabricated skin sensor device exhibits a superior sensitivity of 245 kPa−1 over a broad linear pressure range from 5 Pa to 120 kPa. For practical application demonstrations, the sensor devices are utilized to monitor subtle wrist pulse and diverse human motions including finger bending, wrist bending, and feet movement. Furthermore, this novel sensor device demonstrates potential applications in recognizing textures and detecting environmental temperatures, thereby marking an important progress for constructing advanced electronic skin.
Electron Transfer in Nanoscale Contact Electrification: Effect of Temperature in the Metal–Dielectric Case
Authors: Lin Shiquan , Xu Liang , Xu Cheng , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Aurelia C. , Zhang Binbin , Lin Pei , Yang Ya , Zhao Huabo , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe phenomenon of contact electrification (CE) has been known for thousands of years, but the nature of the charge carriers and their transfer mechanisms are still under debate. Here, the CE and triboelectric charging process are studied for a metal–dielectric case at different thermal conditions by using atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The charge transfer process at the nanoscale is found to follow the modified thermionic‐emission model. In particular, the focus here is on the effect of a temperature difference between two contacting materials on the CE. It is revealed that hotter solids tend to receive positive triboelectric charges, while cooler solids tend to be negatively charged, which suggests that the temperature‐difference‐induced charge transfer can be attributed to the thermionic‐emission effect, in which the electrons are thermally excited and transfer from a hotter surface to a cooler one. Further, a thermionic‐emission band‐structure model is proposed to describe the electron transfer between two solids at different temperatures. The findings also suggest that CE can occur between two identical materials owing to the existence of a local temperature difference arising from the nanoscale rubbing of surfaces with different curvatures/roughness.
Highly Stretchable Strain Sensors Comprising Double Network Hydrogels Fabricated by Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Kim Dowan , Ahn Suk‐Kyun , Yoon Jinhwan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStrain sensors with high sensitivity and stretchability are required for wearable or implantable sensors to detect human motion. In this study, highly stretchable double‐network (DN) of soft polyacrylamide and brittle calcium‐alginate microfibers containing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiphene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are prepared using microfluidic devices. The resistance changes in response to the stretching of the microfiber due to the connection/partial disconnection of the PEDOT:PSS domains; it could be monitored up to 300% elongation with a resolution of 0.1%. Furthermore, these changes are fully reversible and repeatable over 10 000 cycles of 200% elongation. Owing to such mechanical and electronic properties, DN microfibers are envisioned to be useful in stretchable strain sensors to detect human motion in real time, including bending of the fingers, walking, and running. It is also demonstrated that the developed sensor can be stably used outdoors by measuring the growth of a bamboo planted in a garden.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Cephalosporin Isosteres
Authors: Cesta Drew J. , Somersan Karakaya Selin , Saito Kohta , Javidnia Prisca E. , Roberts Julia , Ling Yan , Gold Ben S. , Lopez Quezada Landys , Zhang David , Abramyan Tigran M. , Kireev Dmitri B. , Aubé Jeffrey , Scarry Sarah M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs part of a program to explore the chemistry of β‐lactams and their derivatives, we prepared a focused set of benzazetidine, indoline, and indole heterocycles, as well as flexible unconstrained variations of the four‐membered heterocyclic compounds. These analogues mimic the three‐dimensional shape of cephalosporins but are not prone to covalent binding via ring opening. Although these analogues were inactive against the ESKAPE pathogens and Mtb, they represent unique and underexplored chemotypes for future biological screening.
Optimised Synthesis of the Bacterial Magic Spot (p)ppGpp Chemosensor PyDPA
Authors: Conti Gabriele , Minneci Marco , Sattin Sara 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGuanosine penta‐ or tetraphosphate (pppGpp or ppGpp, respectively) is a nucleotide signalling molecule with a marked effect on bacterial physiology during stress. Its accumulation slows down cell metabolism and replication, supposedly leading to the formation of the antibiotic‐tolerant persister phenotype. A specifically tailored fluorescent chemosensor, PyDPA, allows the detection of (p)ppGpp in solution with high selectivity, relative to that of other nucleotides. Herein, an optimised synthetic approach is presented that improves the overall yield from 9 to 67 % over 7 steps. The simplicity and robustness of this approach will allow groups investigating the many facets of (p)ppGpp easy access to this probe.
Generation of Coarse Bubbles and Flow Instability Control by Means of a Bubble Generator
Authors: Levitsky Inna , Gitis Vitaly , Tavor Dorith 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA previously studied bubble generator was tested under new operating conditions to provide for millimeter‐sized bubbles. The basic element of the generator is a vortex chamber with water supplied through tangential ducts while gas (air) is introduced in the radial direction. Bubbles with average diameter of 0.5–2.2 mm were produced and registered by high‐speed photography. The correlation between the water‐air flow rate ratio and the characteristic bubble diameter was established and described by a relationship. Pressure oscillations in the exit section of the device were captured for two‐phase flows with fine and coarse bubbles. With a view to applications in membrane filtration and water treatment, the effect of a pin installed in the exit section of the vortex chamber on the pressure oscillations was studied. The pin results in a drastic increase in pressure amplitude, both in the flow without bubbles and in the case of gas supply.
1,3,9‐Triaza‐2‐oxophenoxazine: An Artificial Nucleobase Forming Highly Stable Self‐Base Pairs with Three AgI Ions in a Duplex
Authors: Fujii Akane , Nakagawa Osamu , Kishimoto Yuki , Okuda Takumi , Nakatsuji Yusuke , Nozaki Natsumi , Kasahara Yuuya , Obika Satoshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMetal‐mediated base pairs (MMBPs) formed by natural or artificial nucleobases have recently been developed. The metal ions can be aligned linearly in a duplex by MMBP formation. The development of a three‐ or more‐metal‐coordinated MMBPs has the potential to improve the conductivity and enable the design of metal ion architectures in a duplex. This study aimed to develop artificial self‐bases coordinated by three linearly aligned AgI ions within an MMBP. Thus, artificial nucleic acids with a 1,3,9‐triaza‐2‐oxophenoxazine (9‐TAP) nucleobase were designed and synthesized. In a DNA/DNA duplex, self‐base pairs of 9‐TAP could form highly stable MMBPs with three AgI ions. Nine equivalents of AgI led to the formation of three consecutive 9‐TAP self‐base pairs with extremely high stability. The complex structures of 9‐TAP MMBPs were determined by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and UV titration experiments. Highly stable self‐9‐TAP MMBPs with three AgI ions are expected to be applicable to new DNA nanotechnologies.
ortho‐Alkylation of Pyridine N‐Oxides with Alkynes by Photocatalysis: Pyridine N‐Oxide as a Redox Auxiliary
Authors: Markham Jonathan P. , Wang Ban , Stevens Edwin D. , Burris Stuart C. , Deng Yongming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA photocatalyzed ortho‐alkylation of pyridine N‐oxide with ynamides and arylacetylenes has been developed, which yields a series of α‐(2‐pyridinyl) benzyl amides/ketones. Mechanistic studies, including electrochemical studies, radical‐trapping experiments, and Stern–Volmer fluorescence quenching studies demonstrate that pyridine N‐oxide serves as both a redox auxiliary and radical acceptor to achieve the mild photocatalytic single‐electron oxidation of carbon–carbon triple bonds with the generation of a cationic vinyl radical intermediate.
Methodik zur Entwicklung additiv gefertigter Packungsstrukturen im Bereich der thermischen Trenntechnik
Authors: Neukäufer Johannes , Hanusch Florian , Kutscherauer Martin , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Klein Harald , Grützner Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEs wird ein methodisches Vorgehen zur Entwicklung additiv gefertigter, innovativer Packungsstrukturen für den Labor‐ und Technikumsmaßstab beschrieben, wobei der Fokus hier auf der Methodik der Entwicklungsstrategien liegt. Es werden flexibel dimensionierbare Packungsstrukturen, angelehnt an Kristallgitterstrukturen, mithilfe des VBA‐Tools in Autodesk Inventor® erzeugt. Die Charakterisierung erfolgt mit CFD‐Simulationen, bei denen der spezifische trockene Druckverlust ermittelt und die Flüssigkeitsverteilung visualisiert wird. Grenzen bei der Strukturentwicklung ergeben sich durch das verwendete Fertigungsverfahren selektives Lasersintern. Eine der entwickelten Packungsstrukturen wurde abschließend mit dazugehörigem Kolonnenmantel aus Polyamid 12 gedruckt.
Electrocardiographic findings in peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Honigberg Michael C. , Elkayam Uri , Rajagopalan Navin , Modi Kalgi , Briller Joan E. , Drazner Mark H. , Wells Gretchen L. , McNamara Dennis M. , Givertz Michael M. ,   for the IPAC Investigators
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThere is limited data on electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities and their prognostic significance in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). We sought to characterize ECG findings in PPCM and explore the association of ECG findings with myocardial recovery and clinical outcomes.HypothesisWe hypothesized that ECG indicators of myocardial remodeling would portend worse systolic function and outcomes.MethodsStandard 12‐lead ECGs were obtained at enrollment in the Investigations of Pregnancy‐Associated Cardiomyopathy study and analyzed for 88 women. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by echocardiography at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Women were followed for clinical events (death, mechanical circulatory support, and/or cardiac transplantation) until 1 year.ResultsHalf of women had an “abnormal” ECG, defined as atrial abnormality, ventricular hypertrophy, ST‐segment deviation, and/or bundle branch block. Women with left atrial abnormality (LAA) had lower LVEF at 6 months (44% vs 52%, P = 0.02) and 12 months (46% vs 54%, P = 0.03). LAA also predicted decreased event‐free survival at 1 year (76% vs 97%, P = 0.008). Neither left ventricular hypertrophy by ECG nor T‐wave abnormalities predicted outcomes. A normal ECG was associated with recovery in LVEF to ≥50% (84% vs 49%, P = 0.001) and event‐free survival at 1 year (100% vs 85%, P = 0.01).ConclusionsECG abnormalities are common in women with PPCM, but a normal ECG does not rule out the presence of PPCM. LAA predicted lower likelihood of myocardial recovery and event‐free survival, and a normal ECG predicted favorable event‐free survival.
Modeling multispecies predator–prey dynamics: predicting the outcomes of conservation actions for woodland caribou
Authors: Johnson Chris J. , Mumma Matthew A. , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWoodland caribou is a Threatened or Endangered subspecies across much of Canada. In many cases, these caribou are declining because of human‐mediated predation in the form of apparent competition. Provincial and federal agencies have employed a number of conservation actions to arrest the decline, but insufficient time and limited replication make it difficult to test the efficacy of those activities. We built a three‐species population model that served as a tool to integrate current knowledge, explore uncertainties, and assess activities focused on the recovery of caribou. We applied the model to interconnected populations of caribou, moose, and wolves at two locations in Canada (Chinchaga [British Columbia], Charlevoix [Québec]) and explored the efficacy of conservation actions unique to each population: predator control, restoration of linear features, reduction of habitat for moose, supplementation, maternal pens, and predator exclosures. Results confirmed that caribou at these two locations faced different recovery challenges, dictated by specific population dynamics and threats. Wolf predation, enhanced by seismic lines and resource roads, was responsible for the decline of the simulated Chinchaga population. The most cost‐effective recovery actions for that population were long‐term lethal wolf control (λ1–50 = 1.014, $25,665/caribou), a large‐scale predator exclosure (λ1–50 = 1.015, $170,767/caribou), and the aggressive restoration of linear features (λ1–50 = 1.002, $531,675/caribou). In contrast, simulations suggested that calf predation by black bears, a fixed source of mortality in the model, limited the growth of the Charlevoix population. Assuming high survival of adult caribou and poor recruitment of juveniles, a maternal pen was the most effective action for the recovery of those caribou (λ1–50 = 1.004, $148,473/caribou). Short‐term population supplementation provided only a temporary increase in abundance (λ1–50 = 0.994, $62,143/caribou). The model was limited by ecological and data uncertainties, but served as an effective platform for representing and testing our understanding of the complex interspecific interactions that underlie the recovery of woodland caribou.
Carbon stocks and stock change on federal forest lands of the United States
Authors: Smith James E. , Domke Grant M. , Nichols Michael C. , Walters Brian F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractForest land in the United States offsets more than 11% of total domestic greenhouse gas emissions each year through growth of live woody biomass and accumulation of carbon in trees, dead organic matter, and harvested wood products. Forest lands owned and managed by various agencies of the U.S. government cover 77 million hectares, which is 29% of U.S. forest land and an estimated 33%, or 17.2 Pg C, of forest carbon stocks. Here, we summarize forest inventory‐based estimates of forest carbon stocks and indications of carbon stock change on forest lands managed by agencies within the U.S. federal government. Within the conterminous USA, the proportion of forest land that is federally owned is higher in the West representing two‐thirds of forest carbon stocks; in the East, federal lands represent 9% of forest carbon. The majority of federal forests and forest carbon are managed by the U.S. Forest Service (13.8 Pg C), but 20% of federal forest carbon stocks, or 3.5 Pg C, are managed by other federal agencies (e.g., National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management). We also briefly review some broad characteristics of the forest inventory that affect forest carbon reported for the USA as included in greenhouse gas inventories such as for United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change reporting.
Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Based on Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide‐gold Nanoparticles‐polyaniline Nanocomposites Matrix for Dapsone Determination
Authors: Essousi Houda , Barhoumi Houcine , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis work was designed to develop an electrochemical sensor based on molecular imprinted polyaniline membranes onto reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode for dapsone (DDS) determination. The prepared RGO/AuNPs/PANI‐MIPs nanocomposite was characterized by Ultra‐Violet‐Visible (UV‐Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images. The feature of the imprinted electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and impedance spectroscopy (IS). Throughout this study several analytical parameters, such as incubation time, pH value, concentration of monomer/template molecules and electro‐polymerization cycles were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental results showed best analytical performances for DDS detection with a sensitivity of 0.188 Ω/mol L−1, a linear range from 1.0×10−7 M to 1.0×10−3 M and a detection limit of 6.8×10−7 M. The bioanalytical sensor was applied to the determination of dapsone in real samples with high selectivity and recovery.
Decrease in urban energy intensity: Is there a role for urban spatial structure?
Authors: Liu Yong , Long Cuihong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing satellite remote sensing data and the threshold panel model, this research explores the impact of urban spatial structure on urban energy intensity. The evaluation index of urban spatial structure includes compactness and elongation rate. Results from empirical studies of 30 cities in China from 1996 to 2016 indicate that urban spatial structure has a significant impact on urban energy intensity. There is a positive correlation between urban spatial structure elongation rate and urban energy intensity. However, with the increase in urban fixed assets investment, there is a negative correlation between elongation rate and energy intensity, which implies an inverted‐U relationship. The results also indicate that urban compactness is negatively correlated with urban energy intensity. Therefore, proper management of urban spatial structure can effectively promote the reduction in urban energy intensity. The elongation of urban suburb space and the compactness with the internal space of the city can be developed simultaneously. While playing the role of a spatial agglomeration economy, the negative effects of over agglomeration are avoided, which jointly promote the reduction in urban energy intensity.
How to make a haploid male
Authors: Ross Laura , Davies Nicholas G. , Gardner Andy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHaplodiploidy has evolved repeatedly among invertebrates, and appears to be associated with inbreeding. Evolutionary biologists have long debated the possible benefits for females in diplodiploid species to produce haploid sons–beginning their population's transition to haplodiploidy–and whether inbreeding promotes or inhibits this transition. However, little attention has been given to what makes a haploid individual male rather than female, and whether the mechanism of sex determination may modulate the costs and benefits of male haploidy. We remedy this by performing a theoretical analysis of the origin and invasion of male haploidy across the full range of sex-determination mechanisms and sib-mating rates. We find that male haploidy is facilitated by three different mechanisms of sex determination–all involving male heterogamety–and impeded by the others. We also find that inbreeding does not pose an obvious evolutionary barrier, on account of a previously neglected sex-ratio effect whereby the production of haploid sons leads to an abundance of granddaughters that is advantageous in the context of inbreeding. We find empirical support for these predictions in a survey of sex determination and inbreeding across haplodiploids and their sister taxa.
The association of five preoperative serum tumor markers and pathological features in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Lian Mingjian , Zhang Cuixia , Zhang Dongdong , Chen Ping , Yang Huijing , Yang Yuanyuan , Chen Shidong , Hong Guolin 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe utility of frequently used serum tumor markers in breast cancer remains controversial. The study aimed to investigate the role of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), cancer antigen 153 (CA153), cancer antigen 724 (CA724), and ferritin (FER) in the management of breast cancer and their relationships with pathological features.MethodsA total of 804 patients with breast mass who underwent breast surgery and 305 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Preoperative serum levels of CEA, CA125, CA153, CA724, and FER were measured. And the pathological features of all the patients were recorded. The association of preoperative serum tumor markers and pathological features was analyzed.ResultsAmong the 804 patients, 355 were identified as malignant cases and 449 as benign cases. CEA, CA153, and FER of patients with breast cancer were higher than those of healthy volunteer group and patients with benign breast diseases. The area under curve (AUC) of CEA, CA153, and FER for distinguishing patients with breast cancer and subjects with non‐breast cancer was 0.688 (95% CI: 0.656‐0.721), 0.609 (95% CI: 0.574‐0.645), and 0.623 (95% CI: 0.586‐0.660), respectively. CA153 correlated with tumor size, node status, and TNM stage, whereas CA125 with node status. No statistic differences of the five markers were observed among the four molecular subtypes.ConclusionPreoperative levels of CEA, CA153, and FER exhibit low diagnostic accuracy for breast cancer (stage I‐III). CA153 correlates with tumor burden, suggesting its prognostic value. The five serum markers do not correlate with molecular subtypes.
FTY720 alleviates coxsackievirus B3‐induced myocarditis and inhibits viral replication through regulating sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptors and AKT/caspase‐3 pathways
Authors: Wang Xinggang , Li Minghui , Yu Ying , Liu Guijian , Yu Yong , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo , Chen Ruizhen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFingolimod (FTY720) after phosphorylation, as the ligand of sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptors (S1PRs), plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. In this article, FTY720 in the treatment of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)‐induced viral myocarditis was closely related to apoptosis and AKT/caspase‐3 apoptotic pathways. We found that CVB3 inhibited myocardial apoptosis at the early stage with upregulating p‐AKT level and downregulating activated caspase‐3 level for replication of virus progeny, whereas it promoted apoptosis at a late stage with downregulating p‐AKT and upregulating activated caspase‐3 for releasing the newly synthesized virus to spread. Interestingly, FTY720 could reverse this trend; it promoted apoptosis at an early stage and inhibited apoptosis at the late stage in vivo and vitro, which proved the antiviral effect. We also found that S1PR1, S1PR4, and S1PR5, rather than S1PR2 and S1PR3, were regulated by FTY720 in this process. The results confirmed that FTY720 alleviates CVB3‐induced myocarditis and inhibits viral replication through regulating S1PRs and AKT/caspase‐3 pathways with a bidirectional regulation of apoptosis.