bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Assessment of scatter originating from the x‐ray tube collimator assembly of modern angiography systems
Authors: Tao Ashley T. , Miller Daniel , Hindal Mark , Fetterly Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeWhile scatter from the patient is assumed to be the primary source of occupational radiation dose associated with fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures, the potential contribution of scatter from the x‐ray collimator assembly is unknown. The purpose of this work was to survey clinical x‐ray angiography systems to assess the potential contribution of collimator assembly scatter on occupational radiation dose.MethodsExperimental methods were designed to measure the relative contributions of scatter originating from within the collimator assembly of the x‐ray tube to total scatter, which included scatter from a patient‐simulating phantom. Measurements were acquired as a function of lateral distance from the x‐ray beam center using a posterior anterior (PA) projection and at a fixed location for variable right anterior oblique to left anterior oblique projections in the range −90º to 90º. For one system, the collimator assembly was partially disassembled to assess the scatter contribution of individual components. For two systems, 0.5 mm Pb was added to the inner surface of the collimator assembly cover and tested for efficacy to block collimator assembly scatter.ResultsConsidering all x‐ray systems and only the PA projection, collimator assembly scatter contributed 20–50% to total scatter. For x‐ray projection angles of −90º to 90º, the relative contribution of collimator assembly to total scatter was dependent on projection angle and ranged from 5% to 56%. X‐ray systems with kerma‐area product meters demonstrated higher collimator assembly scatter than those without. Considering all projection angles, the addition of 0.5 mm Pb to the inside of the collimator assembly cover reduced collimator assembly scatter from 28% to 16% of total scatter for both systems.ConclusionFindings from this work suggest that contemporary radiation safety practices and guidelines should be revised to account for scatter originating from the collimator assembly of angiographic x‐ray tubes.
Challenges and facilitators of professional socialization: A systematic review
Authors: Salisu Waliu Jawula , Dehghan Nayeri Nahid , Yakubu Ibrahim , Ebrahimpour Fatemeh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsThis current study aimed to present a review of the challenges and facilitators of professional socialization among undergraduate nursing students.DesignSystematic review.MethodsA literature search was conducted in Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus in April and May 2018 for studies published in the English language. Four thousand three hundred fifty‐two articles were retrieved. We conducted further screening for full‐text articles after discarding duplicates and irrelevant studies. Finally, eight studies were included. The Joanna Briggs appraisal tools were used to appraise and evaluate study quality. The PRISMA guidelines were followed and a narrative synthesis used for data analysis.ResultsChallenges and facilitators of professional socialization were identified and categorized into two major themes. Under each theme, results were grouped into three sub‐themes: professional, personal and educational challenges/facilitators.
Applying the Index of Care to the Mississippian period: A case study of treponematosis, physical impairment, and probable health‐related caregiving from the Holliston Mills site, TN
Authors: Zuckerman Molly K. , Kamnikar Kelly R. , Osterholtz Anna J. , Herrmann Nicholas P. , Franklin Jay D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBioarchaeologists and palaeopathologists have recently turned their attention towards one critical aspect of the study of the history of disease: health‐related caregiving. In response, an approach, the bioarchaeology of care, and, within it, the web‐based Index of Care (IoC) have been developed to enable the identification and interpretation of past caregiving. Here, we apply the IoC to Burial 86, a young adult (18–25 years) female from the late Mississippian period, Dallas cultural phase Holliston Mills site (40HW11; ca. ad 1348–1535), TN. Burial 86 exhibits pathologies specific to treponematosis. They also exhibit a suite of pathologies indicative of physical impairment, including a varus angular deformity in the right tibia that is potentially the result of a malaligned pathological fracture. Following the IoC, we determine that Burial 86 probably experienced moderate clinical impacts on several domains (e.g., musculoskeletal system) with various functional impacts on essential activities of daily living. This means that Burial 86 likely had a disability and likely received caregiving, though it is impossible to determine if the care was efficacious. That care was provided likely reflected the community of Holliston Mills' more egalitarian socio‐political structure, which was unusual for the late Mississippian. It may also reflect Burial 86's agency, the presence of adequate resources at the site, as indicated by high frequencies of high status mortuary artifacts, or a combination of these factors. The mortuary program for Burial 86 does not indicate that they were marked as being different—in status or other social categories—than other community members. This study highlights how bioarchaeological evidence can be used to explore the downstream effects of chronic infections, such as treponematosis, throughout the body and across the life course, and the opportunities for health‐related caregiving in past societies that these processes can potentially create.
Ortho‐Quinone Methide Driven Synthesis of New O,N‐ or N,N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Szatmári István , Belasri Khadija , Heydenreich Matthias , Koch Andreas , Kleinpeter Erich , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo synthesize functionalized Mannich bases that can serve two different types of ortho‐quinone methide (o‐QM) intermediates, 2‐naphthol and 6‐hydroxyquinoline were reacted with salicylic aldehyde in the presence of morpholine. The Mannich bases that can form o‐QM and aza‐o‐QM were also synthesized by mixing 2‐naphthol, 2‐nitrobenzaldehyde, and morpholine followed by reduction of the nitro group. The highly functionalized aminonaphthol derivatives were then tested in [4+2] cycloaddition with different cyclic imines. The reaction proved to be both regio‐ and diastereoselective. In all cases, only one reaction product was obtained. Detailed structural analyses of the new polyheterocycles as well as conformational studies including DFT modelling were performed. The relative stability of o‐QMs/aza‐o‐QM were also calculated, and the regioselectivity of the reactions could be explained only when the cycloaddition started from aminodiol 4. It was summarized that starting from diaminonaphthol 25, the regioselectivity of the reaction is driven by the higher nucleophilicity of the amino group compared with the hydroxy group. 12H‐benzo[a]xanthen‐12‐one (11), formed via o‐QM formation, was isolated as a side product. The proton NMR spectrum of 11 proved to be very unique from NMR point of view. The reason for the extreme low‐field position of proton H‐1 could be accounted for by theoretical calculation of structure and spatial magnetic properties of the compound in combination of ring current effects of the aromatic moieties and steric compression within the heavily hindered H(1)‐C(1)‐C(12b)‐C(12a)‐C(12)=O structural fragment.
Predictors of neuropsychological late effects and white matter correlates in children treated for a brain tumor without radiation therapy
Authors: Peterson Rachel K. , Tabori Uri , Bouffet Eric , Laughlin Suzanne , Liu Fang , Scantlebury Nadia , Mabbott Donald 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about cognition and predictors of neuropsychological outcomes in pediatric low‐grade glioma (PLGG) survivors treated without radiation therapy. This research expands upon our previous work by further identifying the cognitive profile of PLGG patients treated without radiation therapy, investigating the specific medical and demographic variables that predict functioning, and examining white matter structure and its relationship to neuropsychological performance.ProcedureNineteen PLGG patients (11‐19 years) were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children/Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and subtests from the Woodcock‐Johnson Tests of Cognition (visual matching, rapid picture naming, and pair cancellation) and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (pattern recognition memory, delayed matching to sample, intra‐extra dimensional set shift, motor screening task, rapid visual information processing, and spatial span).ResultsThe sample had normative weaknesses in verbal working memory, brief attention/vigilance, psychomotor speeded output, visual perception and matching, overall cognition, working memory, and processing speed. Increased surgeries or subtotal resections, hydrocephalus, shunting procedures, chemotherapy, NF1, and supratentorial location were predictive of cognitive deficits. Broad white matter involvement of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes as well as the cerebellum, as inferred from diffusion tensor imaging indices of decreased fiber orientation and increased water diffusion, was related to many cognitive difficulties.ConclusionsThis study comprehensively examines cognitive functioning in PLGG patients treated without radiation therapy, predictors of cognition, and its relation to white matter structure. Our findings indicate that medical and demographic variables other than radiation therapy can lead to cognitive late effects with diffuse white matter involvement.
Personality traits across the psychosis spectrum: A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology conceptualization of clinical symptomatology
Authors: Longenecker Julia M. , Krueger Robert F. , Sponheim Scott R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPsychotic disorders have varied clinical presentations, diagnostic stability is poor and other mental disorders often co‐occur with the conditions. To improve the clinical and pathophysiological utility of classification systems for psychosis, it is necessary to consider how symptoms may reflect dimensions of psychopathology that extend beyond the boundaries of traditional diagnostic classifications. We examined personality deviation as a means for explaining symptom variation across individuals with serious mental illness. Participants (N = 312) with psychosis, first‐degree biological relatives and healthy controls underwent comprehensive clinical evaluations that included symptom ratings and Diagnostic Statistical Manual consensus diagnoses. They completed the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID‐5), which provides multidimensional assessment of personality disturbances and characterizes psychosis‐relevant phenomena, and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), a widely accepted measure of schizotypal traits. PID‐5 was comparable with SPQ in differentiating between participants with and without psychosis. Greater psychotic symptomatology and higher scores on the SPQ Cognitive–perceptual dimension were associated with higher scores on PID‐5 Psychoticism. Facet‐level traits showed diverse associations with existing clinical syndromes, suggesting they have utility for quantifying separable symptom dimensions that cut across existing disorders. Yet the patient groups were similar across four of the five PID‐5 personality trait domains, indicating shared patterns of personality expression that challenge existing categorical delineations. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality traits as an organizing framework for personality pathology
Authors: Watson David , Clark Lee Anna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe review evidence establishing important parallels between the general structure of psychopathology, the more specific structure of personality pathology and the structure of normal‐range personality. We then present data to explicate the nature of associations between the alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD)—as operationalized by the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5—and the domains and facets subsumed within the five‐factor model of personality. Our data demonstrate substantial links between four of the five domains within these models but also indicate that the AMPD could be realigned to enhance its convergence with the five‐factor model of personality. Based on our data, we tentatively propose an expanded four‐facet model of AMPD Negative Affectivity (Anxiousness, Depressivity, Hostility and Emotional Lability); an alternative bipolar scheme for Detachment that includes two positively keyed (Withdrawal and Anhedonia) and two negatively keyed (Risk Taking and Attention Seeking) facets; a broader five‐facet model of Antagonism (Deceitfulness, Manipulativeness, Callousness, Grandiosity and Suspiciousness); and a reduced two‐facet model of Disinhibition (Irresponsibility and Impulsivity). These alternative scores generally showed superior convergent and discriminant validity when compared with current measures of the AMPD domains but also raise other issues. Our findings highlight the strong overlap between normal and pathological personality and clarify the nature of the associations between them. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Practical Method to Evaluate the Afterburning Energy of Aluminized Explosives Based on a Simple Sleeve‐Slider Apparatus and Detonation Test
Authors: Li Gen , Li Xiangyu , Jiang Banghai , Lu Fangyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvaluation of the afterburning energy of aluminized explosives is challenging. An experimental method based on a simple sleeve‐slider apparatus and detonation test is proposed in the present work by which the afterburning energy and its releasing rate can be calculated indirectly. When a little charge of aluminized explosive is detonated in a sleeve, the slider will be propelled rapidly by the detonation products inside the sleeve. Only the displacement history of the slider needs to be recorded by high speed photography, and the pressure and the specific volume of the aluminized explosive detonation products with time can be derived. Assuming the slider is rigid enough and the pressure is uniform in the sleeve, the afterburning energy can be evaluated practically. Before actual experiments are conducted, numerical simulations are used to validate the assumptions of the method; then, the experimental apparatus is designed, and several detonation tests are conducted. For comparison purposes, pure TNT and aluminized explosives are used in the experiments, and the results reveal that pure TNT does not release afterburning energy, which is expected, while aluminized explosive products release a large amount of afterburning energy, which makes the pressure decay more slowly. The afterburning energy rate is also obtained.
Insight from data analytics with an automotive aftermarket SME
Authors: Smith Wayne S. , Coleman Shirley , Bacardit Jaume , Coxon Syd 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is enormous general interest in the automotive sector, and there are many sets of informative data openly available to the public. Companies involved in the automotive aftermarket sector have access to further masses of data, and this can be analysed to provide valuable insights to complement those obtainable from the internet and popular press, discovering hidden knowledge and financial benefit within the data by using statistical analysis, big data analytics, and data science. This article gives examples of insight derived from data giving great value to stakeholders in the sector. The examples are followed by a discussion of the issues involved in applying data science and ensuring that solutions are implemented and are sustainable within the business partner companies.
CEO age and tax planning
Authors: James Hui Liang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the association between CEO age and corporate tax planning. Using a sample of 11,537 firm‐year observations from the fiscal year 1997–2013, I find CEO age exerts an economically significant influence on firms’ tax policies, incremental to economic determinants identified in prior research. Specifically, CEO age is positively related to cash and GAAP effective tax rates, and negatively related to permanent book‐tax difference, suggesting that older CEOs are less likely to take actions to lower tax burden. The results hold across different model specifications and robustness tests to address potential bias arising from endogeneity, sample selection issue, and the confounding effect of CEO tenure.
Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard: ISO 22415—Surface chemical analysis—Secondary ion mass spectrometry—Method for determining yield volume in argon cluster sputter depth profiling of organic materials
Authors: Shard Alexander G. , Havelund Rasmus , Seah Martin P. , Clifford Charles A. 
Published: July 2019

The International Standard ISO 22415 provides methods to measure sputtering yield volumes of organic test materials using argon cluster ions. The test materials should consist of thin films of known thicknesses between 50 and 1000 nm. The format of the test materials, the measurement of sputtering ion dose, sputtered depth, and reporting requirements for sputtering yield volumes are described.
Direct Saccharification and Fermentation for High Glucose and Ethanol Production from Non‐Detoxified Furfural Residue Without Any Pretreatment
Authors: Shi Xinxin , Zhao Baofu , Zhou Haifeng , Tian Yuanyu , Qiao Yingyun , Ji Bei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFurfural residue (FR) is utilized directly for bioethanol production without any pretreatment and detoxification. With only 10 FPU g−1 cellulase loading, the glucose yield of FR reached 86.4, 84.6 and 80.5% at solid loadings of 2, 10 and 20%, respectively. When FR is directly used for fermentation, the terminal ethanol concentration achieved at 41 and 57 g L−1 at solid loadings of 20% and 30% (w v−1), respectively. Washing with water enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of FR. The terminal ethanol of furfural residue washed by 5 times water (WFR‐5) was 48 and 66 g L−1, higher than that from FR. The enhancement is mainly due to the removal of chemical inhibitors and increase of specific surface area. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that FR contained fragmental structure, coarse surface and porous areas. Therefore, FR substrates represented good cellulase accessibility. It indicated that FR could be directly used for glucose and ethanol production without any further treatment. In addition, the quasi‐simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and combined fermentation (Q‐SSF) residues are characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG).
Predicting the postcracking strength of ultra‐high performance fiber reinforced concrete by means of three‐point bending tests according to EN 14651
Authors: Leutbecher Torsten , Rebling Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe postcracking strength of ultra‐high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) can be determined directly in axial tensile tests or derived from, for example, bending tests. The latter requires further consideration due to the nonlinear behavior of a UHPFRC specimen in bending. In order to provide a simple but experimentally validated determination of the postcracking strength by means of bending tests, three‐point and four‐point tests on beams as well as direct tensile tests on specimens sawn out of beams were carried out with different UHPFRC mixtures. The direct tensile tests showed a systematic variation of the postcracking strength within a beam's cross section, which may be attributed to a systematically heterogeneous fiber distribution and orientation. A correlation between the mean postcracking strength of a beam's cross section and the residual flexural tensile strength at small midspan deflection obtained from three‐point test could be established. The proposal will be considered for predicting the postcracking strength according to the forthcoming German guideline on UHPFRC.
Quantile regression neural network‐based fault detection scheme for wind turbines with application to monitoring a bearing
Authors: Xu Qifa , Fan Zhenhua , Jia Weiyin , Jiang Cuixia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnder the framework of normal behavior modeling, this paper develops a novel scheme for fault detection via quantile regression neural networks (QRNNs). The QRNN model is a combination of quantile regressions and neural networks. It is able to identify the normal status or extract the normal behavior data accurately and quickly through lower and upper regression quantiles. Additionally, it is flexible to explore the potential nonlinear patterns contained in the normal status by taking advantage of neural networks. Finally, we monitor the residuals produced from QRNN to detect faults by using the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart. The utility of our scheme is illustrated by empirical analyses of bearing fault detection based on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data from a wind turbine. We find that the QRNN model outperforms the multiple linear regression (MLR) and back propagation neural networks (BPNNs) in terms of mean absolute error (MAE). Besides, the obtained relationship between the width of control limits in EWMA and the number of alarms provides an important and convenient way for practical applications.
Frequent itemset mining: A 25 years review
Authors: Luna José María , Fournier‐Viger Philippe , Ventura Sebastián 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFrequent itemset mining (FIM) is an essential task within data analysis since it is responsible for extracting frequently occurring events, patterns, or items in data. Insights from such pattern analysis offer important benefits in decision‐making processes. However, algorithmic solutions for mining such kind of patterns are not straightforward since the computational complexity exponentially increases with the number of items in data. This issue, together with the significant memory consumption that is present in the mining process, makes it necessary to propose extremely efficient solutions. Since the FIM problem was first described in the early 1990s, multiple solutions have been proposed by considering centralized systems as well as parallel (shared or nonshared memory) architectures. Solutions can also be divided into exhaustive search and nonexhaustive search models. Many of such approaches are extensions of other solutions and it is therefore necessary to analyze how this task has been considered during the last decades.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
Technologies > Association Rules
Initial post‐buckling of the micro‐scaled beams based on the strain gradient elasticity
Authors: Jin M. , Qi H.Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn analysis of initial post‐buckling of a micro‐scaled beam with hinged‐hinged ends based on the strain gradient elasticity is presented. At the first bifurcation point, the second variation of the potential energy is analytically proved to be positive semidefinite when the compression equals to the critical load. The fourth variation of the potential energy is positive when the disturbance of the lateral deflection matches the buckling mode. Based on Koiter initial post‐buckling stability theory, the neutral equilibrium of straight state of the micro‐scaled beam is stable at the stability limit. The bending shape in the initial post‐buckling is stable when the compressive force exceeds slightly the critical load. Although the critical load of the micro‐scale beam with hinged‐hinged ends is influenced by size effects, the initial post‐buckling behavior of it is similar to that of the classical beam.