bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Bioethanol from Selected Lignocellulosic Agrowastes
Authors: Juwon Olotu Emmanuel , Oluwatoyin Olukunle Folake 
Published: April 2019

This study evaluated the ability of cassava peels, banana peels, orange peels and corn cobs hydrolysates to produce bioethanol. Fibre fractions analysis was carried out using standard methods. The samples were pre-treated with acid and base, followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for bioethanol production. During fermentation, pH, total titratable acidity, reducing sugar, microbial load and bioethanol yield were determined. The reducing sugar yield for Aspergillus niger and Bacillus cereus were 30.28 g and 13.35 g for corn cobs. The pH was observed to decrease during fermentation period with orange peels having the lowest pH of 2.6 after 240 hours of fermentation using A. Niger and S. cerevisiae, when B. cereus and S. Cerevisiae were used the pH was observed to be 4.10. Total titratable acidity showed increase in all the substrates, with corn cobs having the highest when B. cereus and S. cerevisiae were used (1.62), followed by cassava peels when A. niger and S. cerevisiae were used (1.52). Highest ethanol yield following simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with A. niger and S. cerevisiae was obtained in corn cobs with 17.43 g/100 g, while orange peels gave the lowest with 8.02 g/100 g, the ethanol yield from each substrates as well as the combined substrates were significantly different at p≤ 0.05. The combined substrates (1:1:1:1) gave the highest ethanol yield of 12.44 g/100 g using A. niger and S. cerevisiae. This study therefore revealed that A. niger had the highest bioethanol yield using corn cobs as the carbon source, therefore it could be used for mass bioethanol production.
Hypofractionation in Breast Cancer - A Retrospective Study in a Tribal Population Based Medical College in West Bengal, India
Authors: Acharyya Santanu , Ghosh Bidisha , Biswas Satadru 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: In a tribal population based area in West Bengal, India though carcinoma cervix is the commonest malignancy in female patients, yet apart from that carcinoma breast is also increasing in number in the recent years. Breast cancer accounts for approximately 26.6% of female malignancy in the radiation oncology out-patient-department of our teaching hospital.
Aims and Objectives: To compare conventional RT regimen (50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks) with one hypofractionated regimen (40Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks) in stage II & stage III breast cancer patients as adjuvant radiation therapy in terms of local control, survival and adverse reactions.
Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study which has been conducted in the department of Radiotherapy in BSMC (Bankura Sammilani Medical College) spanning from May 2012 to April 2017. A total number of patients included in this study was 302, out of which thirty six patients failed to follow up. So total of 266 patients included in the study were all histologically proved carcinoma breast treated surgically (97.74% by MRM & rest by BCS) with curative intent following which RT was used as adjuvant therapy. In one group (consisting of 133 patients) conventional regimen (50Gy in 25 fractions) was used. In another group (consisting the other 133 patients) dose-schedule used was a hypofractionated one i.e. 40Gy in 15 fractions. Dose per fraction in the 1st group was 2 Gy whereas in 2nd group it was 2.66 Gy. In all patients, RT was given in 5 days a week. Systemic therapy was administered as and when indicated.
Results: 4-year disease-free-survival (DFS) in conventional group was 78.94% and in hypofractionated group was 82.70%, (p value >0.05). 4-year overall survival (OS) in conventional group was 81.20% & in hypofractionated group was 85.70%, (p value >0.05). While adverse reactions in terms of both acute & chronic radiation toxicities were considered, there was no significant difference in between the two groups.
Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the conventional regimen and this hypofractionated regimen in terms of OS DFS & adverse reactions in this tribal-based Indian population. Hence, in our institution, we usually prefer Hypofractionated radiotherapy (40Gy/15 fractions) in adjuvant settings for breast cancer patients.
A Study of the Mediating Effects of Safety and Health of Food between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Image and Reputation in Fast-Food Restaurants Industry in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Anthony Tik-tsuen , Cheng Tim , Tong Canon 
Published: April 2019

Recent years have witnessed various changes in the business world regarding technology and ecological degradation, which has seen corporate social responsibility (CSR) increasingly used as a competitive tool in all industries. It has become especially popular in the fiercely competitive service retailing industry where implementation of CSR practices has grown in line with the industry's importance to the economy. Accordingly, this research was undertaken to study the mediating effect of safety and health of food of fast-food restaurants in Hong Kong between corporate social responsibility and image and reputation of corporate. Quantitative method was used and empirical evidence was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire survey of randomly selected customers leaving randomly selected fast-food restaurants in Hong Kong. The 350 completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed, verified for validity and reliability. The analyzed results reveal safety and health of food acts as a significant mediating role in the relationships between corporate social responsibility and corporate image. Management of retailing industry is encouraged to pay high level of attention and their investment into the safety and health of the foods they provided which is significantly important to customers and their own reputation.
Systematic Online Academic Resource (SOAR) Review: Renal and Genitourinary
Authors: Grock Andrew , Bhalerao Anuja , Chan Teresa M. , Thoma Brent , Wescott Annie B. , Trueger N. Seth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundOnline resources for emergency medicine (EM) trainees and physicians have variable quality and inconsistent coverage of core topics. In this first entry of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Systematic Online Academic Resource (SOAR) series, we describe the application of a systematic methodology to comprehensively identify, collate, and curate online content for topic‐specific modules.MethodsA list of module topics and related terms was generated from the American Board of Emergency Medicine's Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. The authors selected “renal and genitourinary” for the first module, which contained 35 terms; all MeSH headers and colloquial synonyms related to the topic and related terms were searched both within the 100 most impactful online educational websites per the Social Media Index and the FOAMsearch.net search engine. Duplicate entries, journal articles, images, and archives were excluded. The quality of each article was rated using the revised METRIQ (rMETRIQ) score.ResultsThe search yielded 13,058 online resources. After 12,717 items were excluded, 341 underwent quality assessment. All renal/genitourinary topics were covered by at least one resource. The median rMETRIQ score was 11 of 21 (interquartile range = 8–14). Calculus of urinary tract was most prominently featured with 60 posts. Thirty‐four posts (10% of full‐text screened FOAM articles) covering 12 core topics were identified as high quality (rMETRIQ ≥ 16).ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility of systematically identifying and curating FOAM resources for a specific EM topic and identified an overrepresentation of some subtopics. This curated list of resources may guide trainees, teacher recommendations, and resource producers. Further entries in the series will address other topics relevant to EM.
Liquid holdup and wetting efficiency in a rotating trickle‐bed reactor
Authors: Liu Ya‐Zhao , Luo Yong , Chu Guang‐Wen , Liu Wei , Shao Lei , Chen Jian‐Feng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA rotating trickle‐bed reactor (RTBR), having the advantage of mass transfer enhancement of 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than a packed column reactor, can intensify the apparent reaction rate of gas–liquid–solid catalytic reactions. However, studies of hydrodynamics like liquid holdup and wetting efficiency, which are essential for the RTBR design, are scarce. In this work, we have systematically, for the first time, investigated the liquid holdup and wetting efficiency in a RTBR packed with alumina spheres. The quantitative results revealed that the rotation reduced the static liquid holdup by about 80% at rotational speed from 0 to 2,400 r/min. The average wetting efficiency can reach 100% at rotational speed of 1,600 r/min and liquid superficial mass velocity of 3 kg/(m2·s). Correlations to predict the liquid holdup and wetting efficiency in the RTBR were developed, and deviations between experimental and calculated values were within ±15 and ±10%, respectively. The findings of the current work provided basic data for the potential catalytic reactions limited by mass transfer in the RTBR.
Glass microparticle‐ versus microsphere‐filled experimental dental adhesives
Authors: Abou Neel Ensanya A. , Kiani Azadeh , Valappil Sabeel P. , Mordan Nicky M. , Baek Song‐Yi , Zakir Hossain Kazi M. , Felfel Reda M. , Ahmed Ifty , Divakarl Kamini , Chrzanowski Wojciech , Knowles Jonathan C. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to formulate antibacterial dental adhesives. Phosphate‐substituted methacrylate adhesives were modified with 0–20 wt % copper‐doped glass microparticles. Two shapes of microparticles were used: regular shaped (microspheres) and irregular shaped (microparticles). The morphology/composition, roughness, monomer conversion (DC%), thermogravimetric analysis, and antibacterial action against S. mutans and P. aeruginosa and ion release were investigated. The results showed that microspheres produced adhesives with a relatively smoother surface than microparticles did. The DC% of adhesives increased with increasing glass filler content. Filled adhesives showed polymer decomposition at ~315 °C and glass melting at 600–1000 °C. The weight loss percent of adhesives decreased with increasing weight percent of fillers. Glass microparticles at 0–20 wt % significantly increased the antibacterial action of adhesives against both bacteria. Glass microspheres at 0–5 wt % significantly increased the antibacterial action of adhesives against both bacteria. Only 20 wt % microparticle‐filled adhesive showed an inhibition zone similar to tobramycin (positive control). Microparticle‐filled adhesives (with >5 wt % filler) significantly reduced S. mutans more than their microsphere counterparts. Microsphere‐filled adhesives (with ≤5 wt % filler) significantly reduced P. aeruginosa more than their microparticle counterparts. Microsphere‐filled adhesives showed higher Cu release than their microparticle counterparts. Accordingly, phosphate‐substituted methacrylate filled with glass could be used as an antibacterial adhesive. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47832.
Facile preparation of attapulgite‐based aerogels with excellent flame retardancy and better thermal insulation properties
Authors: Liang Weidong , Wang Ran , Wang Chengjun , Jia Juan , Sun Hanxue , Zhang Jianli , Yang Yueyue , Zhu Zhaoqi , Li An 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTA novel and environmentally friendly attapulgite‐based aerogel with a three‐dimensional fibrillary network structure was prepared by incorporation of nanometer‐sized natural clay crystals, in this case attapulgite (ATP), into degradable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), cotton cellulose nanowhisker, and melamine using only a simple blending method and subsequently a freeze‐drying process. The ATP‐based aerogel exhibits an abundant porosity with an average mesopore size of 8.0 nm in diameter. Compared to fragile and rigid inorganic aerogels, the as‐prepared aerogel shows good flexibility and mechanical strength with a compressive strength of 9.65 × 104 Pa and 10.19 × 104 Pa at 20% and 40% of compressive strain, respectively. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical flame tests show that the resulting aerogel possesses excellent flame retardancy, with an LOI of 59.5%. Microcalorimetry test results show that the total heat release of the aerogel is as low as 5.1 KJ/g. Also, the sample shows a better thermal insulation property, with a thermal conductivity of about 0.045 W m−1 K−1 in air. Taking advantage of a simple and environmentally friendly fabrication, abundant natural clay resources, easy scalability, nearly no pollution emission in the process, and cost‐efficient production, the ATP‐based aerogel has great potential as ideal flame retardant and thermal insulation materials for many applications such as modern building construction or energy‐efficient coatings. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47849.
One Modification, Two Functions: Single Ni‐modified Light‐Driven ZnO Microrockets with Both Efficient Propulsion and Steerable Motion
Authors: Wang Chun , Dong Renfeng , Wang Qinglong , Zhang Chi , She Xueling , Wang Jiajia , Cai Yuepeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEfficient propulsion and effective direction control are essential for self‐propelled micro/nanomotors. Here, a new “two‐in‐one” strategy for making attractive light‐driven micro/nanomotors is demonstrated. We make use of the metallic and magnetic properties of low‐cost Ni and incorporate just a single Ni layer into ZnO‐based microrockets, so that the resulting ZnO‐Ni microrockets can be both efficiently propelled by low energy (low light intensities and fuel concentrations) and effectively steered by a magnetic field. This successful demonstration of ZnO‐Ni microrockets is significant for the development of highly efficient synthetic micro/nanomotors, which have strong delivery ability and efficient direction control for future applications across the micro/nanoscale field.
Peptoid microsphere coatings: The effects of helicity, temperature, pH, and ionic strength
Authors: Perez Bakovic German R. , Roberts Jesse L. , Colford Bryce , Joyce Myles , Servoss Shannon L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPeptoids are peptidomimetic oligomers that predominantly harness similarities to peptides for biomimetic functionality. They have potential for use in biomedical applications and biosensors due to resistance to proteolytic degradation and low immunogenicity. The incorporation of chiral, aromatic side chains in the peptoid sequence allows for the formation of distinct secondary structures and self‐assembly into supramolecular assemblies, including microspheres. Peptoid microspheres can be coated onto substrates for potential use in biosensor technologies, tissue engineering platforms, and drug‐delivery systems. In order to be useful for these applications, the peptoid coatings must be robust under physiological conditions. In this study, we report the effects of various conditions on the peptoid microsphere coatings, including (i) helicity, (ii) temperature, (iii) pH, and (iv) ionic strength. These studies show that microsphere size decreases with increasing peptoid helicity and the positively charged side chains are positioned on the outside of the microspheres. The peptoid microsphere coatings are robust under physiological conditions but degrade in acidic conditions (pH < 7) and at low ionic strengths (<150 μM).
Identification of a six‐miRNA panel in serum benefiting pancreatic cancer diagnosis
Authors: Zou Xuan , Wei Jishu , Huang Zebo , Zhou Xin , Lu Zipeng , Zhu Wei , Miao Yi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) has posed a great health threat to a growing number of people all over the world. Detection of serum miRNAs, being sensitive, noninvasive, and easy to obtain, has a great potential of being a novel screening method for PC patients. In this study, we investigated miRNA expression levels in serum by qRT‐PCR. The study was divided into four phases: the screening, training, testing, and external validation stage. We firstly chose candidate miRNAs using Exiqon panels in the screening phase. Then, a total of 129 PC serum samples and 107 normal controls (NCs) were further analyzed in the following training and testing phases to identify differently expressed miRNAs. A cohort of 30 PC serum samples vs 30 NCs was used to confirm the diagnostic value of the identified miRNAs in the external validation phase. Moreover, miRNA expressions in additional 44 PC tumor tissue samples and the matched adjacent normal tissue samples as well as 32 pairs of serum‐derived exosomes samples were also further explored. As a result, we identified six significantly upregulated miRNAs in the serum of PC: let‐7b‐5p, miR‐192‐5p, miR‐19a‐3p, miR‐19b‐3p, miR‐223‐3p, and miR‐25‐3p. A six‐miRNA panel in serum was then established. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for the panel was 0.910 for the combined training and testing phases, which showed higher diagnostic value than the individual miRNA. Prognostic value prediction using Cox's proportional hazards model and Kaplan‐Meier curves showed that increased serum miR‐19a‐3p was closely related to worse overall survival (OS). In addition, significant upregulation of miR‐192‐5p, miR‐19a‐3p, and miR‐19b‐3p was observed in both PC tissue and serum‐derived exosomes samples. In conclusion, we identified a six‐miRNA (let‐7b‐5p, miR‐192‐5p, miR‐19a‐3p, miR‐19b‐3p, miR‐223‐3p, and miR‐25‐3p) panel in the serum for PC early and noninvasive diagnosis.
Educational attainment of childhood cancer survivors: A systematic review
Authors: Molcho Michal , D'Eath Maureen , Alforque Thomas Audrey , Sharp Linda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in treatment mean that most children diagnosed with cancer during childhood survive. Therefore, it is increasingly important to examine the long‐term consequences of childhood cancer, including educational attainment. This systematic review investigated whether the educational attainment of childhood cancer survivors differ from the cancer‐free population.Design/methodsWe searched seven databases for articles published from January 2005 to August 2018. We identified full papers in English, reporting primary data on academic attainment of adult survivors of childhood cancer, compared to a control group. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale.ResultsFourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine papers included patients with various types of cancers, four focused on a single type of cancer, and one on patients who underwent stem cell transplantation.Of the 14 papers, 2 studies were considered good quality, 10 were considered adequate quality, and 2 were considered poor quality. Four studies reported more favorable educational attainment among survivors while six did not report significant differences. Less favorable attainment was consistently reported for CNS survivors in four studies.ConclusionThe literature does not provide a clear pattern of the long‐term consequences of childhood cancer on education attainment. While this may suggest that there is no consistent difference between the education attainment of cancer survivors and controls, it may also be the result of limitations in the existing research. To better assess the education attainment of survivors, there is a need for high‐quality studies, with appropriate comparators, and standardized measures of education attainment across countries.
A comparison of risk factors for metastasis at diagnosis in humans and dogs with osteosarcoma
Authors: Diessner Brandon J. , Marko Tracy A. , Scott Ruth M. , Eckert Andrea L. , Stuebner Kathleen M. , Hohenhaus Ann E. , Selting Kim A. , Largaespada David A. , Modiano Jaime F. , Spector Logan G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundCanine osteosarcoma (OS) is a relevant spontaneous model for humanOS. Identifying similarities in clinical characteristics associated with metastasis at diagnosis in both species may substantiate research aimed at using canineOSas a model for identifying mechanisms driving distant spread in the human disease.MethodsThis retrospective study included dogOScases from three academic veterinary hospitals and humanOScases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Associations between clinical factors and metastasis at diagnosis were estimated using logistic regression models.ResultsIn humans, those with trunk tumors had higher odds of metastasis at diagnosis compared to those with lower limb tumors (OR = 2.38, 95%CI: 1.51, 3.69). A similar observation was seen in dogs with trunk tumors compared to dogs with forelimb tumors (OR = 3.28, 95%CI1.36, 7.50). Other associations were observed in humans but not in dogs. Humans aged 20‐29 years had lower odds of metastasis at diagnosis compared to those aged 10‐14 years (OR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.47, 0.96); every 1‐cm increase in tumor size was associated with a 6% increase in the odds of metastasis at diagnosis (95%CI: 1.04, 1.08); compared to those with a white, non‐Hispanic race, higher odds were observed among those with a black, non‐Hispanic race (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.04, 2.16), and those with a Hispanic origin (OR1.35, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.81).ConclusionA common mechanism may be driving trunk tumors to progress to detectable metastasis prior to diagnosis in both species.
Necessity of concurrent chemotherapy in N2‐3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy of ≥3 cycles followed by intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Chang Hui , Peng Liang , Tao Ya‐Lan , Chen Chen , Xiao Wei‐Wei , Hu Yong‐Hong , Gao Yuan‐Hong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConcurrent chemotherapy (CCT) is used in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) for improved local control, which could also be achieved by intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). And for N2‐3 NPC, distant metastasis is the more important cause of death. This study aims to evaluate the value of CCT in N2‐3 NPC when neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) of sufficient cycles is performed to eradicate distant metastasis. It enrolled 959 patients diagnosed with TxN2‐3M0 NPC from July 2011 to December 2015 and treated with NACT of 3‐4 cycles and IMRT. A propensity score matching (PSM) was made between patients treated with and without CCT (called the CCT and non‐CCT groups, respectively), using a series of clinical characteristics (age, gender, T stage, N stage, NACT regimen, and EBV DNA) as covariates. After PSM, the two groups of patients were compared on survivals and acute toxicities. The results indicated that no difference was seen in the overall, disease‐free, recurrence‐free or metastasis‐free survivals between the two groups. But compared with the CCT group, the non‐CCT group had a lower patient proportion of myelosuppression, nausea/vomiting, oral mucositis, cervical dermatitis, xerostomia, and grade 3/4 myelosuppression and oral mucositis (all P values were <0.001). Hence, CCT appeared to bring more acute toxicities, instead of survival benefit, to N2‐3 NPC patients treated with NACT of ≥3 cycles and IMRT. It should be used with cautions in these patients.