bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactivating Li2O with Nano‐Sn to Achieve Ultrahigh Initial Coulombic Efficiency SiO Anodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Rusheng , Wu Yongkang , Fan Chongzhao , Long Zuxin , Shao Guangjie , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe application of SiO anodes in Li‐ion batteries is greatly restricted by its low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). Usually, a pre‐lithiation procedure is necessary to improve the ICE, but the available technologies are associated with safety issues. Metal (M)‐mixed SiO shows great promise to address these issues by reactivating Li2O through the reaction M+Li2O→MOx+Li+, which is the inverse reaction to that occurring at MOx anodes. Sn is found to be a good choice of metal for this concept. Nanoscale Sn‐mixed SiO composites are prepared by mechanical milling. Sn forms an outstanding conductive phase, which boosts the reaction kinetics and also reactivates the Li2O byproduct. Sn/SiO (1:2 w/w) delivers a significant improvement in ICE from 66.5 % to 85.5 %. A higher ICE value of >90 % is obtained when the Sn content is ≥50 wt %. However, additional electrolyte decomposition occurs, which is catalyzed by Sn. In addition, coarsening of the nano‐Sn material reduces the inverse conversion reactivity of Sn/Li2O and subsequently results in rapid capacity fading. The quantitative analysis indicates that, in contrast to transition metals, the alloying and dealloying nature of Sn gives a 50 % improvement in reversible capacity, attributed to Sn/Li2O. This work gives a general strategy to choose metals for increasing the ICE of SiOx and metal oxides.
The stoichiometric legacy of fire regime regulates the roles of micro‐organisms and invertebrates in decomposition
Authors: Butler Orpheus M. , Lewis Tom , Rezaei Rashti Mehran , Maunsell Sarah C. , Elser James J. , Chen Chengrong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDecadal‐scale increases in fire frequency have the potential to deplete ecosystems of essential nutrients and consequently impede nutrient‐limited biological processes via stoichiometric imbalance. Decomposition, a fundamental ecosystem function and strong driver of future fire occurrence, is highly sensitive to nutrient availability and is, therefore, particularly important in this context. Here we show that 40 yr of quadrennial (4yB) and biennial (2yB) prescribed burning result in severely P‐ and N‐depleted litter stoichiometry, respectively, relative to fire exclusion. These effects exacerbated the nutrient limitation of microbial activities, constraining litter decomposition by 42.1% (4yB) and 23.6% (2yB) relative to unburned areas. However, invertebrate‐driven decomposition largely compensated for the diminished capacity of micro‐organisms under 4yB, suggesting that invertebrates could have an important stabilizing influence in fire‐affected ecosystems. This effect was strongly positively coupled with the strength of microbial P‐limitation and was not obviously or directly driven by fire regime‐induced changes in invertebrate community assemblage. Together, our results reveal that high‐frequency fire regimes promote nutrient‐poor, carbon‐rich ecosystem stoichiometry and, in doing so, disrupt ecosystem processes and modify the relative functionality of micro‐organisms and invertebrates.
Bioinspired Oxidative Cleavage of Aliphatic C–C Bonds Utilizing Aerial Oxygen by Nickel Acireductone Dioxygenase Mimics
Authors: Raje Sakthi , Mani Kalaikodikumaran , Kandasamy Parameswaran , Butcher Ray J. , Angamuthu Raja 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Raja Angamuthu from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. The cover image shows the oxidative cleavage of aliphatic C–C bonds of the acireductone model substrate bound to the nickel(II) center. The scissors point to the C–C bonds that are cleaved.
Guidelines on the use of structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry in geomorphic research
Authors: James Mike R. , Chandler Jim H. , Eltner Anette , Fraser Clive , Miller Pauline E. , Mills Jon P. , Noble Tom , Robson Stuart , Lane Stuart N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs a topographic modelling technique, structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry combines the utility of digital photogrammetry with a flexibility and ease of use derived from multi‐view computer vision methods. In conjunction with the rapidly increasing availability of imagery, particularly from unmanned aerial vehicles, SfM photogrammetry represents a powerful tool for geomorphological research. However, to fully realize this potential, its application must be carefully underpinned by photogrammetric considerations, surveys should be reported in sufficient detail to be repeatable (if practical) and results appropriately assessed to understand fully the potential errors involved. To deliver these goals, robust survey and reporting must be supported through (i) using appropriate survey design, (ii) applying suitable statistics to identify systematic error (bias) and to estimate precision within results, and (iii) propagating uncertainty estimates into the final data products. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rats bred for high anxiety exhibit distinct fear‐related coping behavior, hippocampal physiology, and synaptic plasticity‐related gene expression
Authors: Widman Allie J. , Cohen Joshua L. , McCoy Chelsea R. , Unroe Keaton A. , Glover Matthew E. , Khan Anas U. , Bredemann Teruko , McMahon Lori L. , Clinton Sarah M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe hippocampus is essential for learning and memory but also regulates emotional behavior. We previously identified the hippocampus as a major brain region that differs in rats bred for emotionality differences. Rats bred for low novelty response (LRs) exhibit high levels of anxiety‐ and depression‐like behavior compared to high novelty responder (HR) rats. Manipulating the hippocampus of high‐anxiety LR rats improves their behavior, although no work to date has examined possible HR/LR differences in hippocampal synaptic physiology. Thus, the current study examined hippocampal slice electrophysiology, dendritic spine density, and transcriptome profiling in HR/LR hippocampus, and compared performance on three hippocampus‐dependent tasks: The Morris water maze, contextual fear conditioning, and active avoidance. Our physiology experiments revealed increased long‐term potentiation (LTP) at CA3–CA1 synapses in HR versus LR hippocampus, and Golgi analysis found an increased number of dendritic spines in basal layer of CA1 pyramidal cells in HR versus LR rats. Transcriptome data revealed glutamate neurotransmission as the top functional pathway differing in the HR/LR hippocampus. Our behavioral experiments showed that HR/LR rats exhibit similar learning and memory capability in the Morris water maze, although the groups differed in fear‐related tasks. LR rats displayed greater freezing behavior in the fear‐conditioning task, and HR/LR rats adopted distinct behavioral strategies in the active avoidance task. In the active avoidance task, HRs avoided footshock stress by pressing a lever when presented with a warning cue; LR rats, on the other hand, waited until footshocks began before pressing the lever to stop them. Taken together, these findings concur with prior observations of HR rats generally exhibiting active stress coping behavior while LRs exhibit reactive coping. Overall, our current findings coupled with previous work suggest that HR/LR differences in stress reactivity and stress coping may derive, at least in part, from differences in the developing and adult hippocampus.
Promoting patient safety in Bhutan: Challenges and priority strategies for accelerating progress
Authors: Pelzang Rinchen 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPatient safety is a fundamental principle of quality health care. In Bhutan, which is a resource poor nation, improving patient safety in the health care context is a challenge. Bhutan requires sound patient safety policies and strategies to mitigate safety issues in the health care system. Drawing upon the available literature on patient safety in Bhutan and the author's own experience, this paper attempts to explore the challenges that the Bhutanese health care system is facing in terms of promoting patient safety. Based upon the challenges identified, this paper offers a roadmap to move forward—ie, suggestions on how Bhutan could promote patient safety.
On the relationship between flood and contributing area
Authors: Spence Christopher , Mengistu Samson Girma 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough it is well known that the vast majority of the time only a portion of any watershed contributes run‐off to the outlet, this extent is rarely documented. Also, the power law form of the streamflow and contributing area (Q‐Ac) relationship has been known for a half century, but it is uncommon for it to be quantified, and time series of contributing area extensive enough to calculate its frequency distribution are almost non‐existent. Data from the Canadian Prairies, where there are extensive estimates of contributing area during the median annual flood, imply that the power law coefficient for any Q‐Ac curve is a function of flow magnitude and return period. These data also suggest that regional flood frequency curves are a construct of Q‐Ac curves from individual basins. This paper will discuss research that attempted to reproduce the Q‐Ac curves for the La Salle River Watershed with a semidistributed numerical hydrological model, MESH‐PDMROF. The model simulated streamflow reasonably well (Nash Sutcliffe values = 0.62) compared with published examples of comparable models applied in the region. Estimates of the coefficient and exponent of the Q‐Ac power law function ranged from 0.08–0.14 and 0.9–1.12, respectively. These exponent values were lower than those of regional flood frequency curves and support the theory that regional flood frequency curves are a construct of Q‐Ac curves. Simulations of the area contributing to the median annual flood were lower (0.3) than those derived from independent topographic analysis (0.9) described in earlier literature though there is uncertainty in both these estimates. This uncertainty was extended across the flood frequency distribution and may be too large to definitively verify the study hypothesis.
The effects of parathyroid hormone‐related peptide on cardiac angiogenesis, apoptosis, and function in mice with myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhang Hao , Gao Yang , Wang Yiming , Yan Yi , Yang Zhijian , Miao Dengshun , Zhang Dingguo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is known that parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) contains a nuclear localization sequence (NLS, 87‐107), which, together with its C‐terminus (107‐139), has been shown to positively regulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) proliferation and vascular neointima formation, and inhibit cellular apoptosis. The role of PTHrP in ischemic cardiac diseases remains unclear. In this study, we attempted to determine whether PTHrP 87 to 139 can play a role in promoting cardiac function via enhancing angiogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI) occurred. MI was reproduced in C57BL/6 mice using a coronary artery ligation method. In total, three groups (n = 11 per group) of animals were used, and they were received either PTHrP 87 to 139 (80 µg/kg, treatment group) or saline (MI and Sham group) subcutaneously once a day for 4 weeks after MI. To measure cardiac function, an echocardiography was generated and cardiac tissue was harvested for immunohistological studies 4 weeks after operation. Our results show that, after MI, the cardiac function of the experimental mice was significantly impaired. PTHrP 87 to 139 treatment attenuated cardiac dysfunction in MI mice. Besides, as indicated by decreased heart weight/body weight and lung weight/body weight ratio, PTHrP 87 to 139 attenuated pulmonary congestion and cardiac hypertrophy. Masson staining revealed that PTHrP 87 to 139 attenuated myocardial fibrosis after MI. Also, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling staining and the expression of cleaved caspase 3 suggested that MI‐induced myocytes apotosis was inhibited by PTHrP 87 to 139. In addition to the significantly increased capillary density, PTHrP 87 to 139 treatment also induced p‐Akt and several angiogenic factors. In conclusion, PTHrP 87 to 139 treatment preserved cardiac function after MI, and stimulated angiogenesis via upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in infarct border zone of ischemic myocardium,. These results suggest that PTHrP 87 to 139 is of therapeutic potential for MI.
Stopping the “revolving door”: “Zeida Laderech,” a unique rehabilitation house for young adults with severe and enduring eating disorders
Authors: Latzer Yael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA failure to maintain improvement achieved during acute treatment, followed by a “revolving door syndrome,” is a common phenomenon in eating disorders (EDs). As a result, many patients develop a chronic course that is difficult to treat. To target these difficulties, we established a novel rehabilitation treatment model in Israel for patients with severe and enduring EDs, based on the “recovery theory” in mental health treatment. This paper describes the process of conceiving this model and specifies the components of this rehabilitation house, “Zeida Laderech” (Provisions for the Journey), that aims to provide a home‐like environment, while assisting in developing a healthy and balanced lifestyle. Finally, the model is discussed in light of other residential programs established in the world. With the hope to improve the overall prognosis of individuals with EDs, it is suggested that the similar programs and ongoing innovation will continue to emerge internationally.
Overexpression of microRNA‐190 inhibits migration, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis through suppression of protein kinase B‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling pathway via binding to stanniocalicin 2 in breast cancer
Authors: Sun Guiming , Liu Meirong , Han Hui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is known as the most deadly cancer among females, worldwide. Despite the research advances in this regard, effective diagnosis and treatment still have a long way to go. In this study, our stance was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of miR‐190 on epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis via mediation of protein kinase B (AKT)‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway by targeting stanniocalicin 2 (STC2) in BC. The BC gene chip was retrieved with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained. MDA‐MB‐231 and T47D cell lines were selected and separately introduced with miR‐190 inhibitors, activators, and small interfering RNAs with the intent of exploring the regulatory functions that miR‐190 has shown while governing STC2 in BC. The regulatory effect of miR‐190 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis was evaluated, followed by determination of AKT‐ERK signaling pathway‐related factors, EMT‐related factors, and angiogenesis‐related factors. The xenograft tumor of nude mice was also implemented for determining the change of tumor after transfection. The GSE26910 gene chip was obtained with STC2 being selected as the potential DEG. STC2 was the target gene of miR‐190. The results showed that cells introduced with the miR‐190 activators along with small interfering RNA‐STC2 inhibited proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, as well as EMT. Moreover, the in vivo experiment also went on to confirm that the tumor volume had significantly increased in the nude mice along with an elevated expression of miR‐190. Collectively, the findings suggested that overexpression of miR‐190 inhibited EMT and angiogenesis by inactivating AKT‐ERK signaling pathway via STC2 in BC.
Six‐flows on almost balanced signed graphs
Authors: Wang Xiao , Lu You , Zhang Cun‐Quan , Zhang Shenggui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 1983, Bouchet conjectured that every flow‐admissible signed graph admits a nowhere‐zero 6‐flow. By Seymour's 6‐flow theorem, Bouchet's conjecture holds for signed graphs with all edges positive. Recently, Rollová et al proved that every flow‐admissible signed cubic graph with two negative edges admits a nowhere‐zero 7‐flow, and admits a nowhere‐zero 6‐flow if its underlying graph either contains a bridge, or is 3‐edge‐colorable, or is critical. In this paper, we improve and extend these results, and confirm Bouchet's conjecture for signed graphs with frustration number at most two, where the frustration number of a signed graph is the smallest number of vertices whose deletion leaves a balanced signed graph.
Selection and use of decision support alerts in electronic medication management systems in Australian hospitals: a survey of implementers
Authors: Page Natalie J. B. , Baysari Melissa T. , Westbrook Johanna I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundElectronic medication management (EMM) systems provide the capacity to enable and configure front‐end clinical decision support (CDS) tools to trigger medication‐related prescribing alerts.AimThe aim of this study was to determine how and why alerts were selected for inclusion in inpatient EMM systems in Australian hospitals.MethodsA semistructured, cross‐sectional survey containing multiple‐choice questions, scaled responses and open‐ended questions was conducted on a purposive sample of key stakeholders from Australian hospitals who had implemented an EMM system.ResultsWe interviewed fifteen participants, predominantly pharmacists, representing 26 Australian hospitals that had implemented an EMM system. All hospitals had implemented drug–allergy and drug–drug alerting, and 69% (n = 18) had implemented dose range checking alerting. Implementers reported a high level of customisation of the vendor out‐of‐the box functionality in efforts to improve sensitivity and specificity of alerts and to minimise alert fatigue. For the most frequently implemented alert categories, most respondents reported that they believed there was research evidence to support the benefits of these alerts to improve prescribing behaviours and patient outcomes. Aside from drug–allergy alerts, less than 50% of EMM implementers reported that they thought alerts had improved prescriber behaviour in their hospitals. Few local evaluations of the effects of alerts had been conducted.ConclusionThe results of this survey provide implementers with new insights into the experiences of Australian hospitals to inform the design and implementation of effective medication prescribing alerts. They also highlight the urgent need for robust evaluations of prescribing alerts in Australian healthcare contexts.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound Parameters in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Additional Criteria for Diagnosis
Authors: Gonzalez‐Suarez Consuelo B. , Fidel Belinda C. , Cabrera Jan Tyrone C. , Dela Cruz Fatima C. , Gesmundo Maria Veronica T. , Regala Carina Fatima G. , Saratan Rochelle , Suarez Charidy G. , Grimmer Karen 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic capacity of ultrasound (US) in detecting carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).MethodsVolunteer adults with and without CTS symptoms were recruited from offices in metropolitan Manila, where employees’ work was hand/wrist intensive. Carpal tunnel syndrome was independently diagnosed by a reference standard (positive findings on a physical examination and nerve conduction studies). Blinded US measurements were taken of the median nerve (cross‐sectional area, hypervascularity, wrist‐to‐forearm ratio, wrist‐forearm difference, swelling ratio, flattening ratio, and palmar bowing of the flexor retinaculum) at the carpal tunnel inlet and carpal tunnel outlet (CTO).ResultsA total of 117 eligible consenting participants (234 hands) were included, with 54 hands (23.1%) with a diagnosis of CTS. There were no anthropometric differences between arms with and without CTS. Men and women older than 33 years were 5 times more likely to report CTS than younger people. A CTO wrist‐forearm difference of greater than 0.03 cm had the strongest association with CTS (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–15.9), with an area under the curve of 0.58 (sensitivity, 94.4%; specificity, 21.7%). The area under the curve increased to 0.59 when the next strongest measurement (CTO hypervascularity of 1+: odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–8.1) was included (sensitivity, 98.1%; specificity, 27.7%). Adding further US parameters did not improve the diagnostic capacity of US for CTS. Diagnostic capacity was independent of age and the duration of CTS symptoms.ConclusionsCombining US findings for the CTO wrist‐forearm difference and hypervascularity provides a sensitive, alternative diagnostic tool for CTS.
The genetic diversity of plastids associated with mixotrophic oligotrich ciliates
Authors: Johnson Matthew D. , Beaudoin David J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMixotrophic oligotrich ciliates use plastids sequestered from algal prey to acquire energy and metabolic products from photosynthesis. We isolated mixotrophic oligotrichs from coastal waters off Massachusetts (MA) and California (CA), as well as from two freshwater ponds in MA, and identified associated plastid 23S rRNA genes. Ciliates were identified using a combination of microscopy and 18S rRNA phylogeny, and included Laboea strobila and various Pseudotontonia, Spirotontonia, and Strombidium species from marine waters, and Limnostrombidium viride from freshwater. Overall, nearly half of all plastid sequences recovered from ciliates were haptophytes, followed by 15–20% for stramenopiles and chlorophytes, and < 10% originating from cryptophyte algae. No plastid sequences were from dinoflagellates. Cells of Strombidium ‘biarmatum’ collected from coastal MA in spring and fall possessed mostly Micromonas plastids, but during spring also possessed cryptophyte sequences. During spring, L. strobila were found to have a mix of chlorophyte, cryptophyte, haptophyte, and stramenopile sequences, while a co‐occurring Strombidium sp. had mostly chlorophyte and haptophyte sequences. Mixotrophic Pseudotontonia and Spirotontonia spp. were sampled during summer from coastal MA and in Monterey Bay, CA, and cells from both populations were dominated (> 70%) by haptophyte plastids of similar phylogenetic origin. L. viride were also evaluated from two freshwater ponds and possessed mostly Chrysochromulina sp. (haptophyte) and synurid (stramenopile) sequences. These results are the first survey of the genetic diversity of plastids associated with pelagic mixotrophic oligotrich ciliates and suggest that some species may selectively retain plastids from certain algal groups, while others appear to be generalists.
Optimal decay for plates with rotational inertia and memory
Authors: Oquendo Higidio Portillo , Astudillo María 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe study the asymptotic behavior of a linear plate equation with effects of rotational inertia and a fractional damping in the memory term:
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201800170:mana201800170-math-0001where and the kernel g is exponentially decreasing. The main result of this work is the polynomial decay of their solutions when . We prove that the solutions decay with the rate and also that the decay rate is optimal. Furthermore, when , we obtain the exponential decay of the solutions.