bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared Spectroscopy of Large, Low‐Albedo Asteroids: Are Ceres and Themis Archetypes or Outliers?
Authors: Rivkin Andrew S. , Howell Ellen S. , Emery Joshua P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLow‐albedo, hydrated objects dominate the list of the largest asteroids. These objects have varied spectral shapes in the 3‐μm region, where diagnostic absorptions due to volatile species are found. Dawn's visit to Ceres has extended the view shaped by ground‐based observing and shown that world to be a complex one, potentially still experiencing geological activity. We present 33 observations from 2.2 to 4.0 μm of eight large (D > 200 km) asteroids from the C spectral complex, with spectra inconsistent with the hydrated minerals we see in meteorites. We characterize their absorption band characteristics via polynomial and Gaussian fits to test their spectral similarity to Ceres, the asteroid 24 Themis (thought to be covered in ice frost), and the asteroid 51 Nemausa (spectrally similar to the CM meteorites). We confirm most of the observations are inconsistent with what is seen in meteorites and require additional absorbers. We find clusters in band centers that correspond to Ceres‐ and Themis‐like spectra, but no hiatus in the distribution suitable for use to simply distinguish between them. We also find a range of band centers in the spectra that approaches what is seen on Comet 67P. Finally, variation is seen between observations for some objects, with the variation on 324 Bamberga consistent with hemispheric‐level difference in composition. Given the ubiquity of objects with 3‐μm spectra unlike what we see in meteorites, and the similarity of those spectra to the published spectra of Ceres and Themis, these objects appear much more to be archetypes than outliers.
Recurrence of Extreme Coastal Erosion in SE Australia Beyond Historical Timescales Inferred From Beach Ridge Morphostratigraphy
Authors: Tamura T. , Oliver T. S. N. , Cunningham A. C. , Woodroffe C. D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExtreme storms present a major risk to coasts. Increasing populations worldwide, together with sea level rise, exacerbate concerns for coastal settlements, but the low frequency of extreme storms makes an assessment of risk difficult. In southeast Australia, the severest beach retreat on record relates to a series of extratropical cyclones in the 1970s, but the relatively short observational record hinders assessment of how frequent these events are. At Moruya in New South Wales, four decades of beach monitoring has provided new insights into response of beaches to extreme storms. We augment this recorded history with morphostratigraphic analysis of beach ridge evolution by using ground‐penetrating radar and optically stimulated luminescence dating. We find an episode of extreme retreat over 550 years, proving that the 1970s extreme event is a recurrent phenomenon. Our high‐precision morphostratigraphic analysis provides evidence with which to better plan coastal adaptation.
Regulation of estrogen signaling and breast cancer proliferation by an ubiquitin ligase TRIM56
Authors: Xue Min , Zhang Kai , Mu Kun , Xu Juntao , Yang Huijie , Liu Yun , Wang Beibei , Wang Zhonghao , Li Zhongbo , Kong Qiong , Li Xiumin , Wang Hui , Zhu Jian , Zhuang Ting 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBreast cancer ranks no. 1 in women cancer worldwide, while 60–70% are estrogen receptor alpha positive. The estrogen selective modulators, such as tamoxifen, become the effective drugs for controlling ER alpha breast cancer progression. However, tamoxifen resistance will develop during long-time treatment and cancer progression. Thus, further understanding of ER alpha signaling becomes necessary for the improvement of breast cancer therapy. Here, we identify TRIM56 as a novel regulatory factor in ER alpha signaling. TRIM56 expression is positively correlated with ER alpha and PR in breast cancer samples and is related to poor prognosis in endocrine therapy patients. TRIM56 depletion significantly decreases ER alpha signaling activity and ER-alpha-positive breast cancer proliferation in vitro and in vivo. TRIM56 associates with AF1 domain of ER alpha via its WD40 domain in the cytoplasm. TRIM56 prolongs ER alpha protein stability, possibly through targeting ER alpha K63-linked ubiquitination. In conclusion, our study reveals an interesting posttranslational mechanism between TRIM56 and ER alpha in breast cancer progression. Targeting TRIM56 could be a promising approach for ER-alpha-positive breast cancer.
Hippocampal–prefrontal coherence mediates working memory and selective attention at distinct frequency bands and provides a causal link between schizophrenia and its risk gene GRIA1
Authors: Bygrave Alexei M. , Jahans-Price Thomas , Wolff Amy R. , Sprengel Rolf , Kullmann Dimitri M. , Bannerman David M. , Kätzel Dennis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIncreased fronto-temporal theta coherence and failure of its stimulus-specific modulation have been reported in schizophrenia, but the psychological correlates and underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Mice lacking the putative schizophrenia risk gene GRIA1 (Gria1–/–), which encodes GLUA1, show strongly impaired spatial working memory and elevated selective attention owing to a deficit in stimulus-specific short-term habituation. A failure of short-term habituation has been suggested to cause an aberrant assignment of salience and thereby psychosis in schizophrenia. We recorded hippocampal–prefrontal coherence while assessing spatial working memory and short-term habituation in these animals, wildtype (WT) controls, and Gria1–/– mice in which GLUA1 expression was restored in hippocampal subfields CA2 and CA3. We found that beta (20–30 Hz) and low-gamma (30–48 Hz) frequency coherence could predict working memory performance, whereas—surprisingly—theta (6–12 Hz) coherence was unrelated to performance and largely unaffected by genotype in this task. In contrast, in novel environments, theta coherence specifically tracked exploration-related attention in WT mice, but was strongly elevated and unmodulated in Gria1-knockouts, thereby correlating with impaired short-term habituation. Strikingly, reintroduction of GLUA1 selectively into CA2/CA3 restored abnormal short-term habituation, theta coherence, and hippocampal and prefrontal theta oscillations. Although local oscillations and coherence in other frequency bands (beta, gamma), and theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling also showed dependence on GLUA1, none of them correlated with short-term habituation. Therefore, sustained elevation of hippocampal–prefrontal theta coherence may underlie a failure in regulating novelty-related selective attention leading to aberrant salience, and thereby represents a mechanistic link between GRIA1 and schizophrenia.
Oxytocin receptors in the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) bias fear learning toward temporally predictable cued fear
Authors: Martinon Daisy , Lis Paulina , Roman Alexandra N. , Tornesi Patricio , Applebey Sarah V. , Buechner Garrett , Olivera Valentina , Dabrowska Joanna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe inability to discriminate between threat and safety is a hallmark of stress-induced psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder. Dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTdl) is critically involved in the modulation of fear and anxiety, and has been proposed to regulate discrimination between signaled (cued, predictable) and unsignaled (unpredictable) threats. We recently showed that oxytocin receptors (OTRs) in the BNSTdl facilitate acquisition of cued fear measured in a fear-potentiated startle (FPS). In the current study, using in vivo microdialysis in awake male Sprague–Dawley rats, a double immunofluorescence approach with confocal microscopy, as well as retrograde tracing of hypothalamic BNST-projecting OT neurons, we investigated whether fear conditioning activates OT system and modulates OT release. To determine the role of OTR in fear memory formation, we also infused OTR antagonist or OT into the BNSTdl before fear conditioning and measured rats’ ability to discriminate between cued (signaled) and non-cued (unsignaled) fear using FPS. In contrast to acute stress (exposure to forced swim stress or foot shocks alone), cued fear conditioning increases OT content in BNSTdl microdialysates. In addition, fear conditioning induces moderate activation of OT neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and robust activation in the supraoptic and accessory nuclei of the hypothalamus. Application of OT into the BNSTdl facilitates fear learning toward signaled, predictable threats, whereas blocking OTR attenuates this effect. We conclude that OTR neurotransmission in the BNSTdl plays a pivotal role in strengthening fear learning of temporally predictable, signaled threats.
Influenza a virus-triggered autophagy decreases the pluripotency of human-induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zahedi-Amiri Ali , Sequiera Glen L. , Dhingra Sanjiv , Coombs Kevin M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMaternal influenza infection during pregnancy was reported multiple times as the possible cause of many defects and congenital anomalies. Apart from several cases of influenza-related miscarriage during various trimesters of pregnancy, some epidemiological data suggest a link between maternal influenza infection and genetic abnormalities in offspring. However, there are no reports yet describing how maternal influenza alters cellular pathways at early stages of development to result in congenital defects in the fetus. In the present study, using proteomic approaches, we utilized human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for modeling intrablastocyst infection with influenza virus to not only investigate the vulnerability and responses of pluripotent stem cells to this virus but also to determine the possible impacts of influenza on pluripotency and signaling pathways controlling differentiation and embryogenesis. Our data indicated viral protein production in influenza A virus (IAV)-infected hiPSCs. However, viral replication was restricted in these cells, but cell viability and pluripotency were negatively affected. These events occurred simultaneously with an excessive level of IAV-induced autophagy as well as cytopathic effects. Quantitative SOMAscan screening also indicated that changes in the proteome of hiPSCs corresponded to abnormal differentiation in these cells. Taken together, our results showed that IAV-modulated reduction in hiPSC pluripotency is associated with significant activation of autophagy. Further investigations are required to explore the role of IAV-induced autophagy in leading pluripotent stem cells toward abnormal differentiation and impaired development in early stages of embryogenesis.
BRD9 binds cell type-specific chromatin regions regulating leukemic cell survival via STAT5 inhibition
Authors: Del Gaudio Nunzio , Di Costanzo Antonella , Liu Ning Qing , Conte Lidio , Migliaccio Antimo , Vermeulen Michiel , Martens Joost H. A. , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. , Nebbioso Angela , Altucci Lucia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLeukemia is characterized by genetic and epigenetic mutations resulting in selection of cancer cells, which are unable to differentiate. Although genetic alterations are difficult to target, the epigenome is intrinsically dynamic and readily offers new therapeutic strategies. Thus, identifying cancer-specific context-dependent targets and unraveling their biological function may open up new therapeutic perspectives. Here we identify bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) as a critical target required in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We show that BRD9 is overexpressed in AML cells including ex vivo primary blasts compared with CD34+ cells. By targeting BRD9 expression in AML, we observed an alteration in proliferation and survival, ultimately resulting in the induction of apoptosis. Intriguingly, genome-wide profiling revealed that BRD9 binds enhancer regions in a cell type-specific manner, regulating cell type-related processes. We unveil a novel BRD9-sustained STAT5 pathway activation via regulation of SOCS3 expression levels. Our findings identify a previously undescribed BRD9-STAT5 axis as critical for leukemia maintenance, suggesting BRD9 as a potential therapeutic target.
Impact of constitutional TET2 haploinsufficiency on molecular and clinical phenotype in humans
Authors: Kaasinen Eevi , Kuismin Outi , Rajamäki Kristiina , Ristolainen Heikki , Aavikko Mervi , Kondelin Johanna , Saarinen Silva , Berta Davide G. , Katainen Riku , Hirvonen Elina A. M. , Karhu Auli , Taira Aurora , Tanskanen Tomas , Alkodsi Amjad , Taipale Minna , Morgunova Ekaterina , Franssila Kaarle , Lehtonen Rainer , Mäkinen Markus , Aittomäki Kristiina , Palotie Aarno , Kurki Mitja I. , Pietiläinen Olli , Hilpert Morgane , Saarentaus Elmo , Niinimäki Jaakko , Junttila Juhani , Kaikkonen Kari , Vahteristo Pia , Skoda Radek C. , Seppänen Mikko R. J. , Eklund Kari K. , Taipale Jussi , Kilpivaara Outi , Aaltonen Lauri A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractClonal hematopoiesis driven by somatic heterozygous TET2 loss is linked to malignant degeneration via consequent aberrant DNA methylation, and possibly to cardiovascular disease via increased cytokine and chemokine expression as reported in mice. Here, we discover a germline TET2 mutation in a lymphoma family. We observe neither unusual predisposition to atherosclerosis nor abnormal pro-inflammatory cytokine or chemokine expression. The latter finding is confirmed in cells from three additional unrelated TET2 germline mutation carriers. The TET2 defect elevates blood DNA methylation levels, especially at active enhancers and cell-type specific regulatory regions with binding sequences of master transcription factors involved in hematopoiesis. The regions display reduced methylation relative to all open chromatin regions in four DNMT3A germline mutation carriers, potentially due to TET2-mediated oxidation. Our findings provide insight into the interplay between epigenetic modulators and transcription factor activity in hematological neoplasia, but do not confirm the putative role of TET2 in atherosclerosis.
Basin-wide sea level coherency in the tropical Indian Ocean driven by Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Rohith B. , Paul Arya , Durand Fabien , Testut Laurent , Prerna S. , Afroosa M. , Ramakrishna S. S. V. S. , Shenoi S. S. C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChanges in sea level may be attributed either to barotropic (involving the entire water column) or baroclinic processes (governed by stratification). It has been widely accepted that barotropic sea level changes in the tropics are insignificant at intraseasonal time scales (periods of 30–80 days). Based on bottom pressure records, we present evidence for significant basin-wide barotropic sea level variability in the tropical Indian Ocean during December–April with standard deviations amounting to ∼30–60% of the standard deviation in total intraseasonal sea level variability. The origin of this variability is linked to a small patch of wind over the Eastern Indian Ocean, associated with boreal winter Madden–Julian Oscillations (MJO). These large fluctuations are likely to play a prominent role in the intraseasonal sea level and mass budgets. Because of their much faster propagation than baroclinic processes, they allow the basin to adjust to climatic perturbations much more rapidly than was previously thought.
Colossal barocaloric effects near room temperature in plastic crystals of neopentylglycol
Authors: Lloveras P. , Aznar A. , Barrio M. , Negrier Ph. , Popescu C. , Planes A. , Mañosa L. , Stern-Taulats E. , Avramenko A. , Mathur N. D. , Moya X. , Tamarit J.-Ll. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is currently great interest in replacing the harmful volatile hydrofluorocarbon fluids used in refrigeration and air-conditioning with solid materials that display magnetocaloric, electrocaloric or mechanocaloric effects. However, the field-driven thermal changes in all of these caloric materials fall short with respect to their fluid counterparts. Here we show that plastic crystals of neopentylglycol (CH3)2C(CH2OH)2display extremely large pressure-driven thermal changes near room temperature due to molecular reconfiguration, that these changes outperform those observed in any type of caloric material, and that these changes are comparable with those exploited commercially in hydrofluorocarbons. Our discovery of colossal barocaloric effects in a plastic crystal should bring barocaloric materials to the forefront of research and development in order to achieve safe environmentally friendly cooling without compromising performance.
Hierarchical self-assembly of 3D lattices from polydisperse anisometric colloids
Authors: Luo Binbin , Kim Ahyoung , Smith John W. , Ou Zihao , Wu Zixuan , Kim Juyeong , Chen Qian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractColloids are mainly divided into two types defined by size. Micron-scale colloids are widely used as model systems to study phase transitions, while nanoparticles have physicochemical properties unique to their size. Here we study a promising yet underexplored third type: anisometric colloids, which integrate micrometer and nanometer dimensions into the same particle. We show that our prototypical system of anisometric silver plates with a high polydispersity assemble, unexpectedly, into an ordered, three-dimensional lattice. Real-time imaging and interaction modeling elucidate the crucial role of anisometry, which directs hierarchical assembly into secondary building blocks—columns—which are sufficiently monodisperse for further ordering. Ionic strength and plate tip morphology control the shape of the columns, and therefore the final lattice structures (hexagonal versus honeycomb). Our joint experiment–modeling study demonstrates potentials of encoding unconventional assembly in anisometric colloids, which can likely introduce properties and phase behaviors inaccessible to micron- or nanometer-scale colloids.
Bayesian nonparametric models characterize instantaneous strategies in a competitive dynamic game
Authors: McDonald Kelsey R. , Broderick William F. , Huettel Scott A. , Pearson John M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious studies of strategic social interaction in game theory have predominantly used games with clearly-defined turns and limited choices. Yet, most real-world social behaviors involve dynamic, coevolving decisions by interacting agents, which poses challenges for creating tractable models of behavior. Here, using a game in which humans competed against both real and artificial opponents, we show that it is possible to quantify the instantaneous dynamic coupling between agents. Adopting a reinforcement learning approach, we use Gaussian Processes to model the policy and value functions of participants as a function of both game state and opponent identity. We found that higher-scoring participants timed their final change in direction to moments when the opponent’s counter-strategy was weaker, while lower-scoring participants less precisely timed their final moves. This approach offers a natural set of metrics for facilitating analysis at multiple timescales and suggests new classes of experimental paradigms for assessing behavior.
Proteins that physically interact with the phosphatase Cdc14 in Candida albicans have diverse roles in the cell cycle
Authors: Kaneva Iliyana N. , Sudbery Ian M. , Dickman Mark J. , Sudbery Peter E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe chromosome complement of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is unusually unstable, suggesting that the process of nuclear division is error prone. The Cdc14 phosphatase plays a key role in organising the intricate choreography of mitosis and cell division. In order to understand the role of Cdc14 in C. albicans we used quantitative proteomics to identify proteins that physically interact with Cdc14. To distinguish genuine Cdc14-interactors from proteins that bound non-specifically to the affinity matrix, we used a substrate trapping mutant combined with mass spectrometry analysis using Stable Isotope Labelling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC). The results identified 126 proteins that interact with Cdc14 of which 80% have not previously been identified as Cdc14 interactors in C. albicans or S. cerevisiae. In this set, 55 proteins are known from previous research in S. cerevisiae and S. pombe to play roles in the cell cycle, regulating the attachment of the mitotic spindle to kinetochores, mitotic exit, cytokinesis, licensing of DNA replication by re-activating pre-replication complexes, and DNA repair. Five Cdc14-interacting proteins with previously unknown functions localised to the Spindle Pole Bodies (SPBs). Thus, we have greatly increased the number of proteins that physically interact with Cdc14 in C. albicans.
Lewis and AB0 blood group-phenotypes in periodontitis, cardiovascular disease, obesity and stroke
Authors: Enevold C. , Nielsen C. H. , Molbo D. , Lund R. , Bendtzen K. , Fiehn N. -E. , Holmstrup P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe AB0 blood group has been linked to ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and periodontal disease, while the Lewis blood group has been linked to ischaemic heart disease and obesity, all of which have been associated with periodontitis. AB0 or Lewis blood group phenotype may therefore constitute common hereditary components predisposing to these disorders. In this study, we investigated if blood group phenotype associated with periodontitis in a subpopulation consisting of 702 participants from a Danish cross-sectional cohort and, secondarily, attempted to confirm their association with hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and obesity. No significant association between blood group phenotype and periodontitis was detected, nor were previously reported associations between blood group phenotype and hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and obesity confirmed. This may, at least partly, be attributed to differences in study type, outcome definitions, cohort sizes, and population attributable factors. However, our results suggested a strong association between self-reported stroke and the Lewis (a−b−) phenotype (P = 0.0002, OR: 22.28; CI 95: 4.72–131.63).