bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired bone marrow B-cell development in mice with a bronchiolitis obliterans model of cGVHD
Authors: Kolupaev Oleg V. , Dant Trisha A. , Bommiasamy Hemamalini , Bruce Danny W. , Fowler Kenneth A. , Tilley Stephen L. , McKinnon Karen P. , Sarantopoulos Stefanie , Blazar Bruce R. , Coghill James M. , Serody Jonathan S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients after allogeneic bone marrow (BM) or stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Recent work has indicated that both T and B lymphocytes play an important role in the pathophysiology of cGVHD. Previously, our group showed a critical role for the germinal center response in the function of B cells using a bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) model of cGVHD. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that cGVHD is associated with severe defects in the generation of BM B lymphoid and uncommitted common lymphoid progenitor cells. We found an increase in the number of donor CD4+ T cells in the BM of mice with cGVHD that was negatively correlated with B-cell development and the frequency of osteoblasts and Prrx-1–expressing perivascular stromal cells, which are present in the B-cell niche. Use of anti-DR3 monoclonal antibodies to enhance the number of donor regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the donor T-cell inoculum ameliorated the pathology associated with BO in this model. This correlated with an increased number of endosteal osteoblastic cells and significantly improved the generation of B-cell precursors in the BM after allo-SCT. Our work indicates that donor Tregs play a critical role in preserving the generation of B-cell precursors in the BM after allo-SCT. Approaches to enhance the number and/or function of donor Tregs that do not enhance conventional T-cell activity may be important to decrease the incidence and severity of cGVHD in part through normal B-cell lymphopoiesis.
Acquisition and separation of coherent simultaneous sources: Theory and an application to data acquired in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Tang Zijian , Campman Xander 
Published: September 2018

In an effort to reduce acquisition costs or increase (source) sampling density, we have developed a coherent simultaneous-source scheme. Different from most existing simultaneous acquisition, our scheme enforces the received signal to remain coherent in all sorting domains, thus even in the common-receiver domain. A major benefit of the enforced signal coherency is that it enables multidomain preprocessing prior to source separation. At the same time, it poses a challenge to the source separation itself. Based on the observation that the proposed coherent simultaneous-source scheme is equivalent to the traditional source array, we have developed a novel source separation method that comprises (1) interpolating the observed signal in the space domain and (2) removing the source-array effect. In practice, the source-array effect cannot perfectly be removed in the presence of notches. This fact can, however, be deliberately leveraged for noise attenuation.
Case Report: Two cases of rare head injuries from Nepal
Authors: Das Joe M. , Pokharel Apar , Sapkota Rashmi , Mishra Manish , Babu Aryal Ashish 
Published: September 2018

Background: There are a number of ways in which one can sustain a head injury. Even if you are doing simple household activities or going out for a morning walk, you cannot be sure of what type of injury awaits you. The source of injury may be a pressure cooker whistle acting as a projectile or a hailstone falling from the sky. Such injuries are common in Nepal, considering the socio-demographic and geographic conditions. In this article, we present two such very rare cases of head injury. Case Reports: The first case is a middle-aged woman who sustained an accidental injury to the face associated with fracture of frontal sinus and frontal contusion, following the impact from a high momentum projectile in the form of the pressure regulator of a pressure cooker. She underwent craniotomy and removal of the foreign body. In the second case, an elderly man sustained minor injury to the head following the fall of hail. The abrasions and contusions produced by the hail were managed conservatively. Since he did not have any clinical evidence of head injury, other than multiple abrasions with contusions in the scalp, he did not undergo any imaging studies. He did not have any neurological deficits. The postoperative period was uneventful for the first patient and she was followed up for one month. The second patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Successful management of two very rare cases of head injuries from Nepal are reported. Proper care and maintenance of the house-hold utensils that are constantly used may protect people from head injuries. Though natural calamities cannot always be avoided, simple measures like using an umbrella while going outdoors may protect individuals from head injuries due to hailstones.
Is patellofemoral pain a precursor to osteoarthritis?
Authors: Eijkenboom J. F. A. , Waarsing J. H. , Oei E. H. G. , Bierma-Zeinstra S. M. A. , van Middelkoop M. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesIt has been hypothesized that patellofemoral pain, a common knee condition in adolescents and young adults, may be a precursor of degenerative joint changes and may ultimately lead to patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Since both conditions share several mechanical disease characteristics, such as altered contact area between the femur and patella and increased joint stress, we investigated whether these conditions share similar and different shape characteristics of the patella compared with normal controls.MethodsThis cross-sectional study compared three different study populations: 32 patellofemoral pain subjects (mean age, 32 years (22 to 45); 72% female); 56 isolated radiological patellofemoral osteoarthritis subjects (mean age, 54 years (44 to 58); 89% female); and 80 healthy control subjects (mean age, 52 years (44 to 58); 74% female). Measurements included questionnaires, and lateral and skyline radiographs of the knee. Two separate 30-point 2D statistical shape models of the patella were created from the lateral and skyline radiographs. A general linear model was used to test for differences in standardized shape modes (a specific shape variant of the patella) between patellofemoral osteoarthritis, patellofemoral pain, and controls, using Bonferroni correction and adjustment for body mass index and gender.ResultsFive shape modes showed statistically significant differences between groups: skyline modes 1 (p < 0.001), 8 (p = 0.004), and 10 (p < 0.001); and lateral modes 5 (p = 0.002) and 7 (p = 0.002). Skyline mode 8 and lateral mode 5 were similar for patellofemoral osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain populations, while being statistically significant different from the control group.ConclusionOur results indicate that patellofemoral pain and patellofemoral osteoarthritis share similar shape characteristics, which are different from control subjects. These findings support the proposed continuum disease model of patellofemoral pain predisposing to the development of patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Cite this article: J. F. A. Eijkenboom, J. H. Waarsing, E. H. G. Oei, S. M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra, M. van Middelkoop. Is patellofemoral pain a precursor to osteoarthritis? Patellofemoral osteoarthritis and patellofemoral pain patients share aberrant patellar shape compared with healthy controls. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:541–547. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.79.BJR-2018-0112.R1.
A semi-empirical estimation of ground and excited state dipole moments of zinc phthalocyanine from solvatochromic shift data
Authors: Ogunsipe Abimbola 
Published: September 2018

A semi-empirical determination of ground and excited state dipole moments of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) from solvatochromic shifts is hereby presented. The ratio of the excited- and ground-state dipole moments of ZnPc ( ) was estimated by a combination of the Bakshiev and the Kawski-Chamma-Vialletâ€™s equations, while the difference in the excited- and ground-state dipole moments (Dm) was estimated usingthe molecular-microscopic solvent polarity parameters ( ), alongside the Stokesâ€™ shifts (Dá¿¡) in the various solvents. The dipole moment of ZnPc is significantly higher in the excited singlet state (me = 3.12 D) than in the ground state (mg = 1.50 D). Obviously charge separation is greater in the excited state of ZnPc than in its ground state.Â Â
Formation of cross-superposed LIPSSs on bulk chalcogenide glasses using fs-laser
Authors: Messaddeq Sandra Helena , Dumont Antoine , Douaud Alexandre , El-Amraoui Mohammed , Messaddeq Younès 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper reports the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) observed on the ablated surface of bulk As2S3 chalcogenide glasses produced after irradiation by a focused beam of femtosecond Ti:sapphire (fs)-laser (1 kHz, 100 fs, 800 nm). By controlling the irradiation condition of fs-laser, high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL) ripples parallel to polarisation of the incident light are formed. Nanovoids with an average diameter of ~300 nm and depth of 200 nm also appear between the ripples. Furthermore, we show a transition from the HSFL features toward the formation of low-spatial-frequency LIPSS (LSFL) with an intermediated complex structure of ripples, which are oriented simultaneously parallel and perpendicular to the polarisation of the incident light that we call cross-superposed LIPSSs.
Multi-spectral and Topographic Fusion for Automated Road Extraction
Authors: Puttinaovarat Supattra , Horkaew Paramate 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRoad geometry is pertinent information in various GIS studies. Reliable and updated road information thus calls for conventional on-site survey being replaced by more accurate and efficient remote sensing technology. Generally, this approach involves image enhancement and extraction of relevant features, such as elongate gradient and intersecting corners. Thus far, its implication is often impeded by wrongly extraction of other urban peripherals with similar pixel characteristics. This paper therefore proposes the fusion of THEOS satellite image and topographic derivatives, obtained from underlying Digital Surface Models (DSM). Multi-spectral indices in thematic layers and surface properties of designated roads were both fed into state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. The results were later fused, taken into account consistently leveled road surface. The proposed technique was thus able to eliminate irrelevant urban structures such as buildings and other constructions, otherwise left by conventional index based extraction. The numerical assessment indicates recall of 84.64%, precision of 97.40% and overall accuracy of 97.78%, with 0.89 Kappa statistics. Visual inspection reported herewith also confirms consistency with ground truth reference.
Synthesis and mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-aryl-4-(trichloromethyl)-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-2-amines
Authors: Zadorozhnii Pavlo V. , Kiselev Vadym V. , Pokotylo Ihor O. , Okhtina Oxana V. , Kharchenko Aleksandr V. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The mass spectrometric fragmentation of 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-aryl-4-(trichloromethyl)-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-2-amines was studied under fast-atom bombardment (FAB) conditions. To simplify the interpretation of the mass spectra, a number of new 4H-1,3,5-oxadiazine derivatives containing polyisotopic elements (Cl and Br) in the arylamine substituent were synthesized. It was shown that fragmentation occurs in two main patterns.
Casting Defects in Transition Layer of Cu/Al Composite Castings Prepared Using Pouring Aluminum Method and Their Formation Mechanism
Authors: Chen Shuying , Ma Shengnan , Chen Zhilin , Yue Xudong , Chang Guowei 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this study, Cu/Al composite castings were prepared using the pouring aluminum method, and the casting defects in the transition layer and their formation mechanism were investigated. Shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosities, and cracks were easily formed in the transition layer, and the thickness of the transition layer was uneven after recombination of the solid Cu and liquid Al. Shrinkage cavities easily formed within the α + eutectic (α + CuAl2) phase, and cracks mainly appeared within the Cu9Al4 and CuAl2 phases. The transition layer with uneven thickness and irregular shape readily formed where the metals solidified last during the solidification; the difference in density between solid Cu and liquid Al, as well as the natural convection in the melt, were responsible for these irregular shapes. As the metals shrunk, shrinkage cavities and porosities formed without external melt feeding. Cracks formed in the Cu9Al4 and CuAl2 phases and at the Cu9Al4/CuAl2 and CuAl2/eutectic (α(Al + CuAl2) interfaces during the solid shrinkage process after the solidification was complete.
Germanisch *kreu̯da- und Verwandtes
Authors: Büthe-Scheider Eva , Kölligan Daniel 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Non-standard-language data pose specific problems for etymological research. The paper discusses a set of words related to the Germanic root *kreu̯da- ‘to push, shove’ showing that data from German dialects provide relevant information both for the reconstruction of their internal prehistory and for the discussion of possible etymological connections outside Germanic.
Grammaticalization of the Lithuanian comparative -jau(s)
Authors: Ostrowski Norbert 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
When analysing Old Lithuanian texts from the 16th and the first half of the 17th century, one can notice that comparatives with the -jaussuffix tend to appear in comparative constructions with connectives containing negation, e.g. Bet esch
daugiaus dirbau / neig kursai isch yũ‘but I laboured more abundantly than they all’ (VEE 102: 16-17; 1 Corinthians 15: 10). This is the “particle comparative” in Stassen’s terms (1985; 2001). On the other hand, authors avoided comparatives with the -jaus suffix in other types of comparative constructions (with the preposition užand the genitive). Philological and etymological analysis of neg(i)and nei(gi)‘than’ shows that these connectives developed out of former sentence negations. This sheds some light on the syntactic environment in which the grammaticalization of the comparative suffix -jausoccurred. The Lithuanian comparative suffix -jaũ (OLith. -jau-s, e.g. geriaus‘better’) goes back to the postposed focus particle -jaũ, which functions as a marker of emphatic assertion of identity (König 1991). The primary contrastive function of the ‑jau-ssuffix can be compared to Ancient Greek -τερος (Sanskrit -taraḥ) in such usages as δεξίτερος ‘right(-hand)’. The grammaticalization of the focus marker jau(s)has occurred in sentences consisting of juxtaposed and contrasted clauses - the “conjoined comparative” in Stassen’s terms (1985: 38, 44), and in these sentences, -jausfilled the role of pragmatic marker and focalizer, emphasizing one of two compared, oppositional items.
Crystal structure of 8-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde, C9H5F3N2O
Authors: You Gui-Rong , Rao Guo-Wu 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
C9H5F3N2O, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 7.276(2) Å, b = 6.7773(19) Å, c = 17.613(5) Å, V = 868.5(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0399, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1122, T = 293(2) K.
Vision impairment after traumatic brain injury: present knowledge and future directions
Authors: Das Mahasweta , Tang Xiaolan , Mohapatra Shyam S. , Mohapatra Subhra 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the USA as well as in the world. As a result of TBI, the visual system is also affected often causing complete or partial visual loss, which in turn affects the quality of life. It may also lead to ocular motor dysfunction, defective accommodation, and impaired visual perception. As a part of the therapeutic strategy, early rehabilitative optometric intervention is important. Orthoptic therapy, medication, stem cell therapy, motor and attention trainings are the available treatment options. Gene therapy is one of the most promising emerging strategies. Use of state-of-the-art nanomedicine approaches to deliver drug(s) and/or gene(s) might enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the present and future modalities. More research is needed in these fields to improve the outcome of this debilitating condition. This review focuses on different visual pathologies caused by TBI, advances in pre-clinical and clinical research, and available treatment options.
A simple traffic-light semiotic model for tagmemic theory
Authors: Poythress Vern 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe complexity and flexibility of tagmemic theory, as a semiotic theory developed by Kenneth L. Pike, can be better understood by examining how it applies to a simple semiotic system like traffic lights. We can then compare the result with how it functions in analyzing a piece of natural language. Tagmemic theory introduces three observer viewpoints – the particle view, the wave view, and the field view. Each view generates a suite of questions to answer. Any one of the views results in a “complete” description of traffic lights, from which the information about the other views can be inferred. And yet each view is distinct in texture from the others, and the existence of such multiple views – each with a claim to emic integrity and each serving as a perspective on the whole – has to be accounted for in a robust semiotic approach. The same phenomena occur when we apply the three views to the analysis of meaning in natural language. The chief illustration is to analyze the meaning of the word dog in multiple ways. The multi-dimensional potential for semiotic analysis highlights the limitations of Aristotelian logic and symbolic logic, both of which simplify for the sake of rigor.
Wirkungsorientierte Rechtswissenschaft
Authors: Hoffmann-Riem Wolfgang 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungRecht wird seit jeher zur Verwirklichung von Zwecken geschaffen und ist auf die Erzielung rechtlicher und faktischer Wirkungen ausgerichtet. Zwecke und die angestrebten Wirkungen sind in den Normen nicht stets ausdrücklich und abschließend normiert. Für die Rechtsanwendung bedürfen sie der Konkretisierung. Auch können die Normen Möglichkeiten zur Ergänzung der Maßstäbe und der einsetzbaren Instrumente enthalten.Die Wirkungen von Recht erschöpfen sich nicht im Erlass von Rechtsakten (alsoutput) und der bei den Adressaten eintretenden Folgen (alsimpact). Bedeutsam für die Rechtsetzung wie für die Rechtsanwendung sind vielfach auch gesellschaftliche Folgen (alsoutcome). Sämtliche dieser Folgen können auch Gegenstand besonderer Verfahren der prospektiven Folgenabschätzung und der retrospektiven Erfassung und Evaluation der Wirkungen von Recht sein.Die Mehrdimensionalität der Folgen ist für die Rechtspraxis sowie für Forschung wichtig, die sich mit den Wirkungen von Recht befasst, darunter auch die rechtssoziologische. Gegenwärtig ist beobachtbar, dass die Wirkungsebene von Recht in der Rechtswissenschaft vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit findet. Es gibt allerdings immer noch keine eigenen rechtswissenschaftlichen Methoden zur prospektiven oder retrospektiven Erfassung von nichtrechtlichen Wirkungen. Dies rechtfertigt es nicht, diese auszublenden. Soweit die Rechtspraxis und die Rechtswissenschaft nicht über angemessene Methoden der Wirkungserfassung und hinreichende Erkenntnisse über erwartbare oder schon eingetretene Folgen verfügen, sind sie auf andere Wissenschaften angewiesen, insbesondere auf solche, die empirische Forschungen zur Wirkung von Recht durchführen. Für die Rechtswissenschaft und -praxis ist insoweit eine trans- und interdisziplinär informierte Vorgehensweise zu fordern.
Local and Global Volumetric Strain Comparison in Sand Specimens Subjected to Drained Cyclic and Monotonic Triaxial Compression Loading
Authors: Escribano D. E. , Nash D. F. T. , Diambra A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article investigates the development of volumetric strain nonuniformities in sand specimens subjected to drained cyclic triaxial compression loading. The assessment is performed by comparing volumetric strain determinations using an external volume gauge and local axial and radial strain measurements mounted on the center of the specimen. The experimental investigation has been performed for both frictional and enlarged lubricated ends on sand specimens of different densities and fabricated using both moist tamping and dry deposition techniques. It will be shown that considerable discrepancies between the global and local volumetric determination arise even in specimens tested with enlarged lubricated ends, as a result of different volumetric tendencies (contraction or dilation) of the center and the boundaries of the specimens. These discrepancies are more pronounced for dense specimens cycled at high average stress ratios and amplitudes. The influence of three different assumptions employed to account for the specimen’s deformed profile (namely the right cylinder, parabolic, and sinusoidal profile) on the local volumetric determinations will be also assessed. Some recommendations for the need for local volumetric measurements will be attempted.
Study on the Processes of Water and Grout Seepage in Porous Media Using Resistivity Method
Authors: Qian Ziwei , Jiang Zhenquan , Guan Yunzhang 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this study, we simulated the process of water and chemical grout seepage into porous media using a mix of quartz sand, calcite powder, and neutral silicone adhesive as a microscopically porous media and transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) tube to make the test model. During the test, we monitored multisectional electrical resistances of the porous media in real time, realized the visualization of the processes of water and grout seepage as well as grout solidification, and investigated the characteristics of changes in resistivity and seepage during water and grout injection into porous media. The study showed that (1) in the process of water injection into the unsaturated porous media, the water-seepage interface was clearly observed and changes in resistivity of the model material can be used to determine water-seepage velocity and interface position; (2) in the range of grout diffusion into the saturated porous media, the concentration of grout gradually decreased from along the diffusion direction, showing no obvious interface between the grout diffusion and nondiffusion areas; and (3) the resistivity of the saturated porous media in the grouting process greatly changed, and this change could be used to determine grout diffusion range, relative concentration in the diffusion range, and solidification degrees. This study provides a new way to monitor the grouting process and help guide the grouting design.
Testing and Validation of a Novel Segmented Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Abdulaziz Ahmed H. , Elsabbagh Adel , Elnady Tamer 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article presents the structural testing and analyses of a segmented horizontal axis wind turbine blade. The blade’s mass and center of gravity are first determined. Free vibration tests are performed, and the natural frequencies are obtained. Static bending tests in flapwise and edgewise directions are conducted with acoustics emission monitoring. The segmented blade was able to sustain the test loads. However, some superficial defects appeared and were detected by the acoustics emission sensors. Finally, the resonant fatigue test is performed for ten million cycles. The variation of the stiffness against the loading cycles is used to diagnose the initiation of fatigue cracks. Based on the testing results, some modifications are proposed in the design and manufacturing approaches to avoid the noted defects.