bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity Reduces mTORC1 Activity in Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells, Driving Defective Metabolic and Functional Responses
Authors: O’Brien Aisling , Loftus Roisin M. , Pisarska Marta M. , Tobin Laura M. , Bergin Ronan , Wood Nicole A. W. , Foley Cathriona , Mat Arimin , Tinley Frances C. , Bannan Ciaran , Sommerville Gary , Veerapen Natacha , Besra Gurdyal S. , Sinclair Linda V. , Moynagh Paul N. , Lynch Lydia , Finlay David K. , O’Shea Donal , Hogan Andrew E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Obesity underpins the development of numerous chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes mellitus. It is well established that obesity negatively alters immune cell frequencies and functions. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of innate T cells, which we have previously reported are dysregulated in obesity, with altered circulating and adipose tissue frequencies and a reduction in their IFN-γ production, which is a critical effector function of MAIT cells in host defense. Hence, there is increased urgency to characterize the key molecular mechanisms that drive MAIT cell effector functions and to identify those which are impaired in the obesity setting. In this study, we found that MAIT cells significantly upregulate their rates of glycolysis upon activation in an mTORC1-dependent manner, and this is essential for MAIT cell IFN-γ production. Furthermore, we show that mTORC1 activation is dependent on amino acid transport via SLC7A5. In obese patients, using RNA sequencing, Seahorse analysis, and a series of in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that MAIT cells isolated from obese adults display defective glycolytic metabolism, mTORC1 signaling, and SLC7A5 aa transport. Collectively, our data detail the intrinsic metabolic pathways controlling MAIT cell cytokine production and highlight mTORC1 as an important metabolic regulator that is impaired in obesity, leading to altered MAIT cell responses.
Análisis espacial de las variables fenotípicas en un huerto clonal de Pinus arizonica Engelm. en el norte de México
Authors: Alvarado-Barrera Rolando , Pompa-García Marín , Zúñiga-Vásquez José M. , Jiménez-Casas Marcos 
Published: May 2019

Introducción: Los huertos semilleros proporcionan germoplasma genéticamente adecuado para su uso en restauraciones forestales; conocer la distribución espacial de los atributos es crucial para su gestión.Objetivo: Modelar la producción de conos y las variables dasométricas en un huerto clonal de Pinus arizonica Engelm., desde una perspectiva geoespacial, para conocer su comportamiento y distribución.Materiales y métodos: El patrón espacial de las variables dasométricas y de la producción de conos de 126 rametos se determinó con un análisis geoespacial, utilizando el estadístico G de Getis-Ord. Mediante un análisis de correlación de Pearson (P ≤ 0.05) se determinaron las variables mejor asociadas con la producción de conos y se examinaron con una regresión stepwise. La mejor combinación, en términos de la producción de conos, se modeló a través de una regresión geográficamente ponderada.Resultados y discusión: Se encontraron valores de agrupación estadísticamente significativos (P < 0.01) en el huerto. El análisis de correlación mostró que todas las variables dasométricas, incluido el índice de humedad, están relacionadas estadísticamente con la producción de conos. La regresión stepwise identificó un modelo que incluía el diámetro de copa como la mejor variable para explicar la producción de conos. La regresión geográficamente ponderada mostró que el diámetro de la copa influyó moderadamente en la producción de conos. Conclusión: Las variables dasométricas y la producción de conos mostraron tendencia a la agrupación. El uso de una perspectiva geoespacial permitió comprender mejor la dinámica espacial de las variables dasométricas.
Ice-nucleating particles in a coastal tropical site
Authors: Ladino Luis A. , Raga Graciela B. , Alvarez-Ospina Harry , Andino-Enríquez Manuel A. , Rosas Irma , Martínez Leticia , Salinas Eva , Miranda Javier , Ramírez-Díaz Zyanya , Figueroa Bernardo , Chou Cedric , Bertram Allan K. , Quintana Erika T. , Maldonado Luis A. , García-Reynoso Agustín , Si Meng , Irish Victoria E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles that can nucleate ice are referred to as ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Recent studies have confirmed that aerosol
particles emitted by the oceans can act as INPs. This very relevant information
can be included in climate and weather models to predict the formation of ice
in clouds, given that most of them do not consider oceans as a source of
INPs. Very few studies that sample INPs have been carried out in tropical
latitudes, and there is a need to evaluate their availability to understand
the potential role that marine aerosol may play in the hydrological cycle of
tropical regions. This study presents results from the first measurements obtained during a
field campaign conducted in the tropical village of Sisal, located on the
coast of the Gulf of Mexico of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico in
January–February 2017, and one of the few data sets currently available at
such latitudes (i.e., 21∘ N). Aerosol particles sampled in Sisal
are shown to be very efficient INPs in the immersion freezing mode, with
onset freezing temperatures in some cases as high as −3 ∘C,
similarly to the onset temperature from Pseudomonas syringae. The results
show that the INP concentration in Sisal was higher than at other locations
sampled with the same type of INP counter. Air masses arriving in Sisal after
the passage of cold fronts have surprisingly higher INP concentrations than
the campaign average, despite their lower total aerosol concentration. The high concentrations of INPs at warmer ice nucleation temperatures (T>-15 ∘C) and the supermicron size of the INPs suggest that
biological particles may have been a significant contributor to the INP
population in Sisal during this study. However, our observations also suggest
that at temperatures ranging between −20 and −30 ∘C
mineral dust particles are the likely source of the measured INPs.
Regional new particle formation as modulators of cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet number in the eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Kalkavouras Panayiotis , Bougiatioti Aikaterini , Kalivitis Nikos , Stavroulas Iasonas , Tombrou Maria , Nenes Athanasios , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. A significant fraction of atmospheric particles that serve as cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) are thought to originate from the condensational
growth of new particle formation (NPF) from the gas phase. Here, 7 years of
continuous aerosol and meteorological measurements (June 2008 to May 2015)
at a remote background site of the eastern Mediterranean were recorded and
analyzed to assess the impact of NPF (of 162 episodes identified) on CCN and
cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) formation in the region. A new
metric is introduced to quantitatively determine the initiation and duration
of the influence of NPF on the CCN spectrum. NPF days were found to increase
CCN concentrations (from 0.10 % to 1.00 % supersaturation) between 29 %
and 77 %. Enhanced CCN concentrations from NPF are mostly observed, as
expected, under low preexisting particle concentrations and occur in the
afternoon, relatively later in the winter and autumn than in the summer.
Potential impacts of NPF on cloud formation were quantified by introducing
the observed aerosol size distributions and chemical composition into an
established cloud droplet parameterization. We find that the
supersaturations that develop are very low (ranging between 0.03 % and
0.27 %) for typical boundary layer dynamics (σw
∼0.3 m s−1) and NPF is found to enhance CDNC by a modest
13 %. This considerable contrast between CCN and CDNC response is in part
from the different supersaturation levels considered, but also because
supersaturation drops from increasing CCN because of water vapor competition
effects during the process of droplet formation. The low cloud
supersaturation further delays the appearance of NPF impacts on CDNC to
clouds formed in the late evening and nighttime – which has important
implications for the extent and types of indirect effects induced by NPF
events. An analysis based on CCN concentrations using prescribed
supersaturation can provide very different, even misleading, conclusions and
should therefore be avoided. The proposed approach here offers a simple, yet
highly effective way for a more realistic impact assessment of NPF events on
cloud formation.
Completeness of radiosonde humidity observations based on the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive
Authors: Ferreira António P. , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Radiosonde measurements
from the 1930s to present give unique information on the distribution and
variability of water vapor in the troposphere. The sounding data from the
Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) Version 2 are examined here until
the end of 2016, aiming to describe the completeness of humidity observations
(simultaneous measurements of pressure, temperature, and humidity) in
different times and locations. Upon finding the stations with a
non-negligible number of radiosonde observations in their period of record,
thus removing pilot-balloon stations from IGRA, the selected set (designated
IGRA-RS) comprises 1723 stations, including 1300 WMO stations, of which 178
belong to the current GCOS Upper-Air Network (GUAN) and 16 to the GCOS
Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN). Completeness of humidity observations
for a radiosonde station and a full year is herein defined by five basic
parameters: number of humidity soundings, fraction of days with humidity
data, average vertical resolution, average atmospheric pressure and altitude
at the highest measuring level, and maximum number of consecutive days
without data. The observations eligible for calculating precipitable water
vapor – i.e., having adequate vertical sampling between the surface and
500 hPa – are particularly studied. The present study presents the global
coverage of humidity data and an overall picture of the temporal and vertical
completeness parameters over time. This overview indicates that the number of
radiosonde stations potentially useful for climate studies involving humidity
depends not only on their record length, but also on the continuity,
regularity, and vertical sampling of the humidity time series. Additionally,
a dataset based on IGRA is described with the purpose of helping climate and
environmental scientists to select radiosonde data according to various
completeness criteria – even if differences in instrumentation and observing
practices require extra attention. This dataset consists of two main subsets:
(1) statistical metadata for each IGRA-RS station and year within the period
of record; and (2) metadata for individual observations from each station.
These are complemented by (3) a list of the stations represented in the whole
dataset, along with the observing periods for humidity (relative humidity or
dew-point depression) and the corresponding counts of observations. The
dataset is to be updated on a 2-year basis, starting in 2019, and is
available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1332686.
OceanMesh2D 1.0: MATLAB-based software for two-dimensional unstructured mesh generation in coastal ocean modeling
Authors: Roberts Keith J. , Pringle William J. , Westerink Joannes J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. OceanMesh2D is a set of MATLAB functions with preprocessing and post-processing
utilities to generate two-dimensional (2-D) unstructured meshes for coastal
ocean circulation models. Mesh resolution is controlled according to a
variety of feature-driven geometric and topo-bathymetric functions. Mesh
generation is achieved through a force balance algorithm to locate vertices
and a number of topological improvement strategies aimed at improving the
worst-case triangle quality. The placement of vertices along the mesh
boundary is adapted automatically according to the mesh size function,
eliminating the need for contour simplification algorithms. The software
expresses the mesh design and generation process via an objected-oriented
framework that facilitates efficient workflows that are flexible and
automatic. This paper illustrates the various capabilities of the software
and demonstrates its utility in realistic applications by producing
high-quality, multiscale, unstructured meshes.
Hygienic quality and composition of raw sheep's bulk milk samples on selected Slovak farms during year 2018
Authors: Vršková Martina , Tančin Vladimí­r , Uhrinčať Michal , Mačuhová Lucia , Tvarožková Kristí­na 
Published: May 2019

At the control of raw ewe's milk (REM) quality is a major microbiological criterion to the total bacterial count (TBC). The aim of our work was to determine the incidence of technologically important species of microorganisms in REM in Slovak Republic. At the monitored 28 ewe´s farms, we took bulk milk samples from evening or morning milking in spring, summer and autumn during year 2018. We analyzed nutrients (fat, protein, lactose and urea) and somatic cell count (SCC). We established technologically important microorganisms (MO) of psychotrophic MO, coliform MO, thermoresistant MO, spore-forming anaerobic MO. We have found a gradual increase in milk components, except for lactose, which is apparently related to the increasing cont of somatic cells during the milking period. We found that the TBC in raw sheep's milk complied an average of 132 x 103 CFU.mL-1 per spring (min 34 x 103 CFU.mL-1, max 501 x 103 CFU.mL-1), 300 x 103 CFU.mL-1 in summer (min. 31 x 103 CFU.mL-1, max 640 x 103 CFU.mL-1) and in autumn with an average value of 147 x 103 CFU.mL-1 (min 52 x 103 CFU.mL-1, max 276 x 103 CFU.mL-1). The enormous occurrence of psychrotrophic bacteria was found in one farm in northern Slovakia during spring and summer, in the summer we increased our number to 3 farms, in the autumn of 2 farms. At the other farms we evaluated the average value of 12 x 103 CFU.mL-1 per spring and 28 x 103 CFU.mL-1 in summer, 130.5 x 103 CFU.mL-1 in the autumn. The count of thermoresistent MO achieved 57 CFU.mL-1 per spring, 15 CFU.mL-1 in summer and 33 CFU.mL-1 in the autumn. The presence of spore-forming anaerobic MO in raw ewe´s milk was found during spring at six farms out of 15, but in the summer at just one in 9, in the autumn two farms.
Religious Emotion as a Form of Religious Experience
Authors: Ferran Íngrid Vendrell 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
This article argues that religious emotions are variations of general emotions that we already know from our everyday life, which nevertheless exhibit specific features that enable us to think of them as forming a coherent subclass. The article claims that there is an experience of joy, sorrow, regret, fear, and so on that is specifically religious. The aim is to develop an account that specifies what makes them “religious.” The argument is developed in three stages. The first section develops a phenomenologically inspired account of the emotions by focusing on three of their moments: phenomenal quality, cognitive dependency, and intentionality. Drawing on this theory, section 2 distinguishes the class of religious emotions from similar phenomena. The third and final section examines the main features of religious emotions.
The Application of Critical Thinking in Accounting Education: A Literature Review
Authors: Abdul Latif Nurul Ezhawati , Yusuf Faizal Mohamed , Tarmezi Nurazrin Mat , Rosly Siti Zalika , Zainuddin Zairul Nurshazana 
Published: May 2019

Critical Thinking is the mental process of analysing or evaluating information. The review of literature reveals that higher education, in particular is now placing an emphasis upon exposing matriculates to the concept of critical thinking and challenging them to develop those skills and dispositions necessary for improving the quality of their lives. The aim of critical thinking is to promote independent thinking, personal autonomy and reasoned judgment in thought and action. This involves two related dimensions: the ability to reason well and the disposition to do so. A structured critical thinking approach was created to train professional students for their professional market-ready development and thus becoming part of comprehensive professional training for students upon graduation. It is also an area which would pave the way for further research in one of the most critical area of human development. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the model based on the literatures done by previous researchers thus highlighting the importance of critical thinking in professional accounting education.
Educação para o trabalho: a Escola de Aprendizes Artífices do Ceará
Authors: Candido Francineuma Guedes , Jucá Sandro César Silveira , Da Silva Solonildo Almeida , Alves Francisco Régis Vieira 
Published: May 2019

RESUMO A primeira ação a impulsionar o ensino profissional no país foi a criação das Escolas de Aprendizes Artífices em 1909, por meio do Decreto 7566, de 23 de setembro. Pretende-se nesse artigo investigar historicamente a Escola de Aprendizes Artífices do Ceará no período compreendido ente 1910 e 1936 e analisar sua criação e desenvolvimento no contexto da implantação dessa rede de escolas profissionais no Brasil, tendo em vista que essas instituições constituíram o primeiro sistema de educação profissional de abrangência nacional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, desenvolvida mediante levantamento bibliográfico e análise da legislação que regulamentou as escolas durante esse período. Os resultados mostraram que essas escolas constituíram o primeiro sistema de educação profissional de abrangência nacional por estarem pautadas num projeto educacional comum, sendo regidas pelo mesmo poder administrativo, com um currículo e metodologia de ensino diferenciados e que a EAA do Ceará, apesar das dificuldades financeiras, conseguiu alcançar resultados exitosos. Pode-se concluir, portanto, que a EAA do Ceará representou um marco para o ensino de ofícios no Estado, traduzindo-se numa proposta inovadora de ensino profissional. Palavras-chave: Educação profissional; Escola de Aprendizes Artífices; Escolas profissionais.
Habilidad narrativa e identificación de valores y contravalores en dibujos animados por alumnado de Educación Primaria
Authors: Oregui Eider , Aierbe Ana , Bermejo Jesús 
Published: May 2019

Esta investigación analiza si la estructura (no narrativa o narrativa) que caracteriza a dibujos animados incide en la habilidad narrativa e identificación de valores y contravalores frente a factores personales (edad, curso educativo, sexo y nivel atencional) o contextuales (red e índice socioeconómico y cultural del centro educativo) del alumnado de Educación Primaria. Se ha contado con la participación de 186 estudiantes que han relatado el episodio visionado. El estudio tiene un diseño cuasiexperimental con metodología mixta (cuantitativa y cualitativa). Los resultados obtenidos mediante análisis de regresión confirman que la estructura incide en mayor grado que el resto de factores. Se concluye que conviene considerar el tipo de estructura de los contenidos audiovisuales, y no solo la potencialidad en valores o contravalores, tanto en investigaciones futuras como al diseñar e implementar intervenciones en el ámbito formal e informal.
This research analyses whether the structure (non-narrative or narrative) that characterizes cartoons affects the narrative skill and identification of values and countervalues, as opposed to personal (age, school year, gender and attention level) or contextual (school network and socioeconomic and cultural index of the school) factors of Primary Education students. 186 students participated in it, who have reported on the episode watched. The study has a quasi-experimental design with blended methodology (quantitative and qualitative). The results obtained through regression analysis confirm that the structure has a greater effect than the rest of the factors. We conclude that it is advisable to consider the structure of audio-visual content, not just the potential values or countervalues, both in future research and in designing and implementing interventions in formal and informal settings.
The polarization field in Al-rich AlGaN multiple quantum wells
Authors: Guo Qiang , Kirste Ronny , Mita Seiji , Tweedie James , Reddy Pramod , Washiyama Shun , Breckenridge M. Hayden , Collazo Ramón , Sitar Zlatko 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the quantum confined Stark effect in AlGaN multiple quantum well structures with a high Al content grown on single-crystalline AlN substrates. The quantitative relationship between the quantum well structure parameters, photogenerated carrier density, built-in electric field and ground-level emission is discussed. It is found that the electric field strength increases from 0.5 MV cm−1 to almost 3 MV cm−1 when the Al content in the quantum well barriers is increased from 65% to 100%, which is consistent with the theory of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization in III-nitrides. In addition, the built-in electric field increases significantly with increasing barrier thickness. Based on these results, the electric field in an Al0.55Ga0.45N single quantum well with AlN cladding is predicted to be around 5 MV cm−1.
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient in Clinical Trials
Authors: Ng Edmond S.W. , Zou Lu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Cluster‐randomized trial has over the last two decades become the design of choice when clusters, rather than individuals, are randomized to receive the investigated interventions. Cluster‐randomized trials are more complex to design primarily because observations on individuals within the same cluster tend to be correlated. The statistical measure of this correlation within clusters is known as the
intraclass
or
intracluster correlation coefficient
(ICC). In this article, we discuss the estimation and impact of the ICC on the design and analysis of cluster‐randomized trials. We first define the ICC generally followed by two representations that depend on the specific approach taken to estimate it, discuss its likely magnitudes in some common settings, how the value of ICC influences the sample size required in a planned study and how ICC and its estimate should be reported.
Deep Learning
Authors: Polson Nicholas G. , Sokolov Vadim O. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDeep learning (DL) is a high‐dimensional data reduction technique for constructing high‐dimensional predictors in input–output models. DL is a form of machine learning that uses hierarchical layers of latent features. In this article, we review the state‐of‐the‐art of deep learning from a modelling and algorithmic perspective. We provide a list of successful areas of applications in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Image Processing, Robotics and Automation. Deep learning is predictive in its nature rather than inferential and can be viewed as a black‐box methodology for high‐dimensional function estimation.
EBLUPs: Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictors
Authors: Haslett Stephen J. , Welsh Alan H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article, we outline the basic properties of empirical best linear unbiased predictors (EBLUPs) and discuss some of the issues that arise in estimating their prediction mean squared errors. We introduce EBLUPs in the context of the linear mixed model with unknown covariances and briefly describe some of their applications. We then consider their particular application to small area estimation and outline ways to estimate the prediction mean squared error that have been developed in this context.