bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Spectrometry Methods for In Situ Analysis of Clinical Biomolecules
Authors: Ma Wen , Xu Shuting , Liu Huwei , Bai Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to the significant role of clinical biomolecules in mediating biological activities and disease progressions, in situ analysis provides a great opportunity for understanding the molecular mechanisms of biological functions, facilitating medical diagnosis, clinical treatment, and prognosis. Among all the analysis methods, mass spectrometry (MS) methodologies exhibit unique features that make them exceptionally suitable for clinical tests. In this review, updated and essential developments of MS technologies, including laser‐based, spray‐based, plasma‐based, and intrasurgical MS techniques for clinical analysis are summarized. Moreover, further perspectives including design of portable sampling devices, introduction of miniature MS instrumentation, development of high‐throughput and multiplexed methodologies for clinical routine tests and point‐of‐care tests are proposed to achieve better advancements and practical applications of clinical MS.
Deep learning the semantics of change sequences for query expansion
Authors: Huang Qing , Yang Yang , Cheng Ming 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe overexpansion problem negatively affects the quality of query expansion. To improve the quality of queries for searching code, this paper proposed a DBN‐based algorithm for effective query expansion. The deep belief network (DBN) model is trained on the code sequences and their change sequences, which aims to capture the meaningful terms during the evolution of source code. In contrast to previous studies, the proposed model not only extracts relevant terms to expand a query but also excludes irrelevant terms from the query. It addresses two problems in query expansion, including the overexpansion of the original query and the negative influence of the changed terms in the target source code. Experiments on both artificial queries and real queries show that the proposed algorithm outperforms several query expansion algorithms for code search.
Control of long‐term deflection of concrete slabs by prestressing
Authors: Gayed Ramez B. , Ghali Amin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSolid slabs with drop panels or beams are idealized as horizontal grid of rigidly connected short prismatic members, subjected to gravity loads, and prestressing forces. Creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of prestressing reinforcement are considered. The effect of transient loading inducing cracking on long‐term deflection is accounted for. The analysis follows CEB‐FIP Model Code 2010.
Empowering and Engaging Solutions for Operator 4.0 – Acceptance and Foreseen Impacts by Factory Workers
Authors: Kaasinen Eija , Aromaa Susanna , Heikkilä Päivi , Liinasuo Marja 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Industry 4.0 factories require smart and skilled operators – Operators 4.0. We evaluated three Operator 4.0 solutions that aim to empower and engage workers, so that workers can understand and develop their own competences and they can take an active role in developing the manufacturing environment. 118 shop stewards from different factories assessed user experience, user acceptance and foreseen impacts of the solutions. The results show that there are high expectations towards the virtual factory-based participatory design solution. Opinions were shared about empowering the worker by feedback about worker well-being and work achievements. The solution was seen interesting and useful but there were doubts regarding privacy. Contextual knowledge sharing was felt important but the workers were a bit skeptical as many previous knowledge sharing attempts had been failed. The results give insight to how the solutions should be further developed and how the solutions should be introduced at factory floor.
DijetGAN: a Generative-Adversarial Network approach for the simulation of QCD dijet events at the LHC
Authors: Di Sipio Riccardo , Giannelli Michele Faucci , Haghighat Sana Ketabchi , Palazzo Serena 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

A Generative-Adversarial Network (GAN) based on convolutional neural networks is used to simulate the production of pairs of jets at the LHC. The GAN is trained on events generated using MadGraph5, Pythia8, and Delphes3 fast detector simulation. We demonstrate that a number of kinematic distributions both at Monte Carlo truth level and after the detector simulation can be reproduced by the generator network.
The code can be checked out or forked from the publicly accessible online repository https://gitlab.cern.ch/disipio/DiJetGAN.
A unified view of density-based methods for
semi-supervised clustering and classification
Authors: Castro Gertrudes Jadson , Zimek Arthur , Sander Jörg , Campello Ricardo J. G. B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSemi-supervised learning is drawing increasing attention in the era of
big data, as the gap between the abundance of cheap, automatically collected
unlabeled data and the scarcity of labeled data that are laborious and expensive to
obtain is dramatically increasing. In this paper, we first introduce a unified view
of density-based clustering algorithms. We then build upon this view and bridge the
areas of semi-supervised clustering and classification under a common umbrella of
density-based techniques. We show that there are close relations between
density-based clustering algorithms and the graph-based approach for transductive
classification. These relations are then used as a basis for a new framework for
semi-supervised classification based on building-blocks from density-based
clustering. This framework is not only efficient and effective, but it is also
statistically sound. In addition, we generalize the core algorithm in our framework,
HDBSCAN*, so that it can also perform semi-supervised clustering by directly taking
advantage of any fraction of labeled data that may be available. Experimental
results on a large collection of datasets show the advantages of the proposed
approach both for semi-supervised classification as well as for semi-supervised
clustering.
Dietary addition of zinc-methionine influenced eggshell quality by affecting calcium deposition in eggshell formation of laying hens
Authors: Li Lanlan , Miao Liping , Zhu Mingkun , Wang Liansong , Zou Xiaoting 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study explored the mechanism of Zn-methionine (Zn-Met) influencing eggshell quality of laying hens and investigated whether the mechanism was related to Ca deposition. Hyline grey layers (n 384, 38 weeks old) were divided into four groups: 0 mg Zn/kg, 40, 80 mg Zn/kg as Zn-Met, and 80 mg Zn/kg as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). Eggshell quality, Zn contents, Zn-containing enzyme activities and expressions of shell matrix proteins in eggshell gland (ESG) were analysed. Zn-Met treatment at 80 mg/kg increased (P < 0·05) egg weight and eggshell strength throughout the experiments. The 80 mg/kg Zn-Met group (P < 0·05) had decreased mammillary knob width and larger relative atomic weight percentage of Ca, stronger signal intensity of Ca in linear distribution and the Ca was more evenly distributed in the transversal surface of eggshell. Zn contents (P < 0·001) in yolk and serum, Ca, albumin (Alb) levels in ESG as well as carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in serum (P < 0·05) and mRNA levels of CA and Ca-binding protein-d28k (CaBP-D28k) (P < 0·001) in the 80 mg/kg Zn-Met group were the highest among all treatments. In conclusion, shell strength as one of eggshell qualities was mostly related to mammillary cone width in ultrastructure caused by the pattern of Ca deposition in eggshell formation. Also, the increase in Zn-Met-induced Ca deposition may be due to the increased Zn contents in serum and tissues, which were attributable to the increased CA concentrations in serum, Ca, Alb levels and up-regulated CA and CaBP-D28k mRNA levels in ESG.
Relations and trails in lattices of projections in W*-algebras
Authors: Kissin Edward 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper concernsHH-relations in the latticesP(M) of all projections of W*-algebrasM. IfMis a finite algebra, all these relations are generated by trails inP(M). IfMis an infinite countably decomposable factor, they are either generated by trails or associated with them.
Residue concentration of cefquinome taking into account different milk fractions and comparing the performance of two screening tests
Authors: Bachmann Joana , Helmschrodt Christin , Richter Angelika , Bertulat Sandra , Heuwieser Wolfgang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis Research Communication describes the residue concentration of a dry cow antibiotic in two different milk fractions and describes effects of milk fraction and milk composition on the test performance of a rapid screening and a microbial inhibitor test. Thirteen dry cows were treated with an intramammary dry cow antibiotic containing 150 mg cefquinome. Quarter foremilk and stripping samples were collected on the first 10 d postpartum. All milk samples were analyzed for milk composition by the local Dairy Herd Improvement Association and were tested for antibiotic residues using the rapid screening test Milchtest BL and the microbial inhibitor test Delvotest BR Brilliant Plates. The residue concentration of cefquinome was determined in foremilk and stripping samples from milkings 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after calving using high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. The logarithm of cefquinome concentration (logCef) was higher in foremilk than in stripping samples and higher in milk samples with lower lactose content. Furthermore, logCef decreased with the number of milkings (P < 0.001). The Milchtest BL was more likely to be not evaluated (i.e. no test and control line or no control line appeared) in stripping samples and milk samples with higher protein content. In the Delvotest BR Brilliant Plates milk samples with higher protein content were more likely to have a false positive result (i.e. the screening test result was positive, but the HPLC-MS/MS result was below the detection limit of the screening test). These results indicate that foremilk is the recommended milk fraction to be tested for residues of cefquinome and that a high protein content can be a cause of test failure and false positive results when milk during the first 10 d postpartum is tested for antibiotic residues using screening tests.
Recovery of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) from buttermilk: effect of Ca-binding salts
Authors: Spitsberg Vitaly L. , Ivanov Liza , Shritz Vladimir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this Research Communication we present a study of the effect of Ca-binding salts on the recovery of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) from buttermilk. Sodium phosphate buffer was used for the purpose of MFGM recovery from buttermilk for the first time and we showed that 0.1 M buffer at pH 7.2 was the most effective for the recovery of MFGM. The fact of high efficacy of sodium phosphate buffer in recovery of MFGM from buttermilk allowed us to suggest that MFGM in buttermilk is present in association with casein through Ca- bridges formed between phospholipids of MFGM and phosphate groups of casein, primarily with k-casein as the peripheral protein of casein micelles.
The Politics of Violence Reduction: Making and Unmaking the Salvadorean Gang Truce
Authors: van der Borgh Chris , Savenije Wim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses a government-facilitated truce, begun in 2012, between El Salvador's three principal street gangs. Using field theory and securitisation theory, it maps the evolution of the truce, distinguishing between the three related processes of making the deal, keeping the truce, and resisting it. It analyses the complex and intriguing political processes in which various actors, such as gang leaders, government officials and international organisations, interacted with each other and made deals about the use and visibility of violence and ways of diminishing, preventing or hiding it.
Characterisation ofStaphylococcus aureusisolated from rabbits in Fujian, China
Authors: Wang J. , Sang L. , Sun S. , Chen Y. , Chen D. , Xie X. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStaphylococcus aureushas been recognised as one of the important zoonotic pathogens. However, knowledge about the epidemiology and genetic characteristics ofS. aureusin rabbits was limited. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of 281S. aureusisolated from dead rabbits of nine rabbit farms in Fujian Province, China. All the isolates were characterised by multi-locus sequencing typing, detection of virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility test. The results showed that the 281 isolates were grouped into two sequence types, ST121 (13.52%, 38/281) and ST398 (86.48%, 243/281). Surprisingly, the ST121 strains were only recovered from the lung samples from one of the nine rabbit farms studied. In the 281 isolates, the virulence genes ofnuc,hla,hlb,clfA,clfBandfnbpAwere positive, whereas thesea,seb,tsst,etaandetbgenes were negative. Notably, the 38 ST121 isolates carried thepvlgene. All the 281 isolates were methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus, and the isolates were susceptible to most of the used antibiotics, except for streptomycin, kanamycin, azithromycin and penicillin, and the resistance rates of which were 23.84%, 19.57%, 16.01% and 11.03%, respectively. This study first described the epidemiology and characteristics ofS. aureusin rabbits in Fujian Province, which will help in tracking the evolution of epidemic strains and preventing the rabbit–human transmission events.
Hospitalisation by tick-borne diseases in the last 10 years in two hospitals in South Spain: analysis of tick exposure data collected in the Emergency Department
Authors: Rivera-Izquierdo M. , Martín-delosReyes L. M. , Láinez-Ramos-Bossini A. J. , Ruiz-Díaz P. , Casado-Fernández E , Bueno-Cavanillas A. , Martínez-Ruiz V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTick-borne diseases (TBDs) can sometimes cause severe symptoms and lead to hospitalisation, but they often go unnoticed in the Emergency Department (ED). The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to describe the profile of patients hospitalised by TBDs; and (ii) to evaluate the data collected in the medical records from the ED in order to analyse their potential clinical consequences. A total of 84 cases that included all TBD diagnoses registered in the ED records were identified and analysed. These corresponded to all the hospitalisations by TBDs in the last 10 years (2009–2019) in two tertiary hospitals in Granada, Spain. Statistical analyses were made using RStudio. Coinciding with the absence of patient's report of exposure to ticks, 64.3% of TBDs were not suspected in the ED. Intensive care unit admission was required in 8.3% of cases, and the mortality rate was 2.4%. Non-suspected cases showed longer hospital stay (P< 0.001), treatment duration (P= 0.02) and delay in the initiation of antibiotic treatment (P< 0.001). Our findings indicate that symptoms associated with TBDs are highly non-specific. In the absence of explicit information related to potential tick exposure, TBDs are not initially suspected. As a consequence, elective treatment administration is delayed and hospitalisation time is prolonged. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of addressing potential exposure to ticks during the ED contact with patients presenting with febrile syndrome.
2,4-D deposition is reduced and more variable immediately adjacent to cereal rye cover crop rows
Authors: Haramoto Erin R. , Sherman Austin D. , Green Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHorseweed, also known as marestail, is a problematic weed for no-till soybean producers that can emerge from late summer through the following spring. Overwintering cover crops can reduce both the density and size of fall-emerged weeds such as horseweed and reduce further spring emergence, although typically cover crops do not provide complete control. Cover crops may be integrated with additional spring herbicide applications to control emerged horseweed, and selective herbicides such as 2,4-D may be used to target horseweed while maintaining small grain cover crop growth. However, cover crops may affect herbicide deposition, which could reduce their efficacy to control weeds. The objective of this study was to determine how the amount and variability of 2,4-D ester spray solution deposition, measured with water-sensitive paper, was affected by a cereal rye cover crop and fall-applied saflufenacil. We also examined deposition at the soil surface relative to the cereal rye row position. In a year with greater cereal rye biomass accumulation, there was 44% less coverage and average deposit size was 45% smaller immediately adjacent to cereal rye rows compared with between rows and areas without cereal rye. Greater variability in these measurements was also noted in this position. Percent spray solution coverage was also 22% greater in plots that received saflufenacil in the fall, and deposits were 28% larger. In a year with less cover crop and winter weed biomass, no differences in spray deposition were observed. This suggests that small horseweed plants and other weeds immediately adjacent to cereal rye cover crop rows may be more likely to survive early spring herbicide applications, though the suppressive effects of cover crops may mitigate this concern.
Impact of Nonuniform Land Surface Warming on Summer Anomalous Extratropical Cyclone Activity Over East Asia
Authors: Chen Haishan , Zhan Wanxin , Zhou Botao , Teng Fanda , Zhang Jie , Zhou Yang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs one of the typical midlatitude synoptic‐scale disturbances, extratropical cyclones (ECs) can exert significant impacts on the atmospheric general circulation through its interaction with the time mean flow. Under the background of global warming, the Eurasian continent exhibits evident nonuniform warming, which has the potential to alter the atmospheric baroclinicity by changing the meridional temperature gradient and further affect the ECs activity. In this study, we investigated the possible connection between the land surface thermal anomaly over Eurasia and the summer ECs activity over East Asia together with relevant mechanisms. We found that the land surface warming (cooling) near 50°N of East Asia is associated with anomalous weak (strong) summer ECs activity over East Asia. Warm (cool) land surface usually reduces (increases) the meridional temperature gradient and further the atmospheric baroclinicity in the key area of cyclone activity, resulting in low (high) frequency of the extratropical cyclogenesis and weakened (intensified) ECs activity. The land surface warming (cooling) can also depress (benefit) the associated baroclinic conversion between the time mean effective potential energy and eddy effective potential energy, resulting in decrease (increase) in the eddy kinetic energy. As a result, the energy obtained by the synoptic‐scale eddy from the time mean flow has been reduced (increased), which favors (hampers) the extratropical cyclogenesis, causing weak (strong) cyclone activity in the middle latitude of East Asia.
Mars Science Laboratory Observations of Chloride Salts in Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Thomas N. H. , Ehlmann B. L. , Meslin P.‐Y. , Rapin W. , Anderson D. E. , Rivera‐Hernández F. , Forni O. , Schröder S. , Cousin A. , Mangold N. , Gellert R. , Gasnault O. , Wiens R. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover is traversing a sequence of stratified sedimentary rocks in Gale crater that contain varied eolian, fluviodeltaic, and lake deposits, with phyllosilicates, iron oxides, and sulfate salts. Here, we report the chloride salt distribution along the rover traverse. Chlorine is detected at low levels (<3 wt.%) in soil and rock targets with multiple MSL instruments. Isolated fine‐scale observations of high chlorine (up to ≥15 wt.% Cl), detected using the ChemCam instrument, are associated with elevated Na2O and interpreted as halite grains or cements in bedrock. Halite is also interpreted at the margins of veins and in nodular, altered textures. We have not detected halite in obvious evaporitic layers. Instead, its scattered distribution indicates that chlorides emplaced earlier in particular members of the Murray formation were remobilized and reprecipitated by later groundwaters within Murray formation mudstones and in diagenetic veins and nodules.
Narrow Spatial Aftershock Zones for Induced Earthquake Sequences in Oklahoma
Authors: Rosson Z. , Walter J. I. , Goebel T. , Chen X. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe current paradigm for estimating regional long‐term seismic hazard involves declustering whereby aftershocks are removed from an earthquake catalog to identify the underlying background seismicity rate. Inaccurate declustering can ultimately underestimate or overestimate the regional seismic hazard. In Oklahoma, estimating a background seismicity rate is complicated by the highly variable seismicity rate over the last decade. To improve conventional declustering methods used in hazard modeling in Oklahoma, we scrutinize the aftershock windows used for declustering and investigate how aftershocks decay in space and time to establish data‐driven parameters for aftershock windowing. We observe that the spatial decay of aftershocks is more rapid in Oklahoma than in Southern California, motivating the need for smaller spatial declustering windows in Oklahoma. Temporal aftershock decay is statistically indistinguishable between Oklahoma and Southern California, suggesting that temporal declustering windows derived for Southern California are likely sufficient for Oklahoma.
Evidence for Extended Charging Periods Prior to Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes
Authors: Larkey R. K. , Sample J. G. , Smith D. M. , Briggs M. S. , Lapierre J. L. , Holzworth R. H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present an analysis of lightning interflash intervals in 219 terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) producing thunderstorms. Clustering was used to identify groups of lightning sferics, interpreted as individual thunderstorms, in combined World Wide Lightning Location Network and Earth Networks Total Lightning Network data. In these individual groups of sferics, analysis was done on the lightning flash frequency within ±10 min of the Fermi recorded TGF. We find that typical interflash intervals immediately prior to TGFs are 24% longer than mean interflash intervals in their individual producing storms, while the interflash intervals immediately following the TGFs are typically 8% shorter than normal. The significance of these results, tested using a numerical bootstrap method, was found to be highly significant for the pre‐TGF interval. These results could imply that a stronger electric field is necessary for the production of TGFs and may help to explain why some lightning strikes produce TGFs while others do not.