bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The acceptability of screening for Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE): cross-sectional survey of nursing staff and the general publics’ perceptions
Authors: Currie Kay , King Caroline , McAloney-Kocaman Kareena , Roberts Nicola J. , MacDonald Jennifer , Dickson Adele , Cairns Shona , Khanna Nitish , Flowers Paul , Reilly Jacqui , Price Lesley 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background
Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) has spread rapidly and presents a growing challenge in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) management internationally. Screening for CPE may involve a rectal swab, there are limited treatment options for affected patients, and colonised patients are cared for in isolation to protect others. These measures are sound infection prevention precautions; however, the acceptability of CPE screening and its consequences are currently unknown.
The aim of this study was ‘To determine factors influencing acceptability of CPE screening from the perspectives of nursing staff and the general public.’

Methods
National cross-sectional surveys of nursing staff (n = 450) and the general public (n = 261). The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) guided data collection and analysis. Regression modelling was used to identify factors that predicted acceptability of CPE screening.

Results
For nursing staff, the following predictor variables were significant: intention to conduct CPE screening (OR 14.19, CI 5.14–39.22); belief in the severity of the consequences of CPE (OR 7.13, CI 3.26–15.60); knowledge of hospital policy for screening (OR 3.04, CI 1.45–6.34); preference to ask patients to take their own rectal swab (OR 2.89, CI 1.39–6.0); awareness that CPE is an organism of growing concern (OR 2.44, CI 1.22–4.88). The following predictor variables were significant for the general public: lack of knowledge of AMR (β − .11, p = .01); social influences (β .14,p = .032); social norms (β .21p = .00); acceptability of being isolated if colonised (β .22, p = .000), beliefs about the acceptability of rectal swabbing (β .15, p = .00), beliefs about the impact of careful explanation about CPE screening from a health professional (β .32, p = .00).
Integrating results from staff and public perspectives points to the importance of knowledge of AMR, environmental resources, and social influences in shaping acceptability.

Conclusions
This is the first study to systematically examine the acceptability of CPE screening across nursing staff and the public. The use of TDF enabled identification of the mechanisms of action, or theoretical constructs, likely to be important in understanding and changing CPE related behaviour amongst professionals and public alike.
Fast cosmic web simulations with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Rodríguez Andres C. , Kacprzak Tomasz , Lucchi Aurelien , Amara Adam , Sgier Raphaël , Fluri Janis , Hofmann Thomas , Réfrégier Alexandre 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDark matter in the universe evolves through gravity to form a complex network of halos, filaments, sheets and voids, that is known as the cosmic web. Computational models of the underlying physical processes, such as classical N-body simulations, are extremely resource intensive, as they track the action of gravity in an expanding universe using billions of particles as tracers of the cosmic matter distribution. Therefore, upcoming cosmology experiments will face a computational bottleneck that may limit the exploitation of their full scientific potential. To address this challenge, we demonstrate the application of a machine learning technique called Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to learn models that can efficiently generate new, physically realistic realizations of the cosmic web. Our training set is a small, representative sample of 2D image snapshots from N-body simulations of size 500 and 100 Mpc. We show that the GAN-generated samples are qualitatively and quantitatively very similar to the originals. For the larger boxes of size 500 Mpc, it is very difficult to distinguish them visually. The agreement of the power spectrum $P_{k}$

P
k

is 1–2% for most of the range, between $k=0.06$
k
=
0.06
and $k=0.4$
k
=
0.4
. For the remaining values of k, the agreement is within 15%, with the error rate increasing for $k>0.8$
k
>
0.8
. For smaller boxes of size 100 Mpc, we find that the visual agreement to be good, but some differences are noticable. The error on the power spectrum is of the order of 20%. We attribute this loss of performance to the fact that the matter distribution in 100 Mpc cutouts was very inhomogeneous between images, a situation in which the performance of GANs is known to deteriorate. We find a good match for the correlation matrix of full $P_{k}$

P
k

range for 100 Mpc data and of small scales for 500 Mpc, with ∼20% disagreement for large scales. An important advantage of generating cosmic web realizations with a GAN is the considerable gains in terms of computation time. Each new sample generated by a GAN takes a fraction of a second, compared to the many hours needed by traditional N-body techniques. We anticipate that the use of generative models such as GANs will therefore play an important role in providing extremely fast and precise simulations of cosmic web in the era of large cosmological surveys, such as Euclid and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST).
New hypoglycemic agents and the kidney: what do the major trials tell us?
Authors: Smyth Brendan , Perkovic Vlado 
Published: November 2018

As the burden of diabetic kidney disease continues to expand, new therapies to preserve renal function or prevent diabetic nephropathy are urgently needed. In the past decade, a number of new hypoglycemic classes have emerged, each with a unique profile of action and benefits. Here we review the impact of glycemic control on renal outcomes and the results of the major clinical trials of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Both GLP-1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors consistently demonstrate renal benefits. Further studies of these new agents in different patient groups and in comparison to (or in combination with) other treatments are required to better define their role in combating the burden of diabetic kidney disease.
ON SOME PROBLEMS OF THE USE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AS ARTISTIC MEANS
Authors: Осмонова Наргул , Osmonova Nargul 
Published: November 2018

Phraseological units that embrace artistry, emotional value, expressiveness in their meaning, cannot fully disclose the situation, therefore, between the components of such phraseological units there are free words, word combinations from different parts of speech. This method, contributed to the emergence of additional meanings in phraseological units.
The writer, masterfully using in his work changes already established forms of phraseology, on such phenomena as replacement, joining, or promoting the emergence of new meanings of phraseological units by an innovative method, the use of free words, phrases between components of phraseological units, showed his worldview, relentless pursuit, the language essence. The appearance of anew the individual character of phraseological units or the appearance of a new variant, causes not only various artistic and stylistic possibilities, but also contributes to the emergence of different versions of phraseological units, enriching the world of phraseology in the language.
Appearing in different situations and conditions, using an individual method to introduce additions from the lexico-semantic side to primary values to components within phraseological units, using phraseological units as aesthetic means, the writer created spiritual value in his works. In this article, this type of problem is revealed using specific examples.
Types of listening comprehension developed in the Chilean EFL textbook Global English
Authors: Carcamo Morales Benjamin 
Published: November 2018

This article reports the results and reflections of an analysis of the EFL textbook provided by the Ministry of Education of Chile to all 11th graders in public and subsidized schools. The objective of this article is to identify the type(s) of comprehension developed in the listening comprehension section. The results show that the there is no clear progress across the units and that the vast majority of the tasks aim at comprehension at the surface level. This significantly reduces the opportunities to develop critical thinking and to foster the perception of listening as an active skill.
The role of perceived green marketing and brand equity on green purchasing decision
Authors: Sanidewi Hasna , Paramita Eristia Lidia 
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study is to describe the role of perceived green marketing and brand equity on customers green purchasing decision in Indonesia. We conducted qualitative research using five informants who are customers of The Body Shop Indonesia, one of the companies implementing green marketing. The primary data was collected through the interviews, observations, and supported documents, as triangulation. The collected data was filtered and categorized to have a clear analysis. The results were shown that the informants perceived The Body Shop’s green marketing as a respectable action to reduce the negative impact of the firms’ business activities. Green marketing has developed and influenced The Body Shop brand positively. It leads the informants to insert their environmental consideration in their purchasing decision.
The Hong Kong Speech Community’s Cantonese and Other Languages
Authors: S. Bauer Robert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The Hong Kong speech community distinguishes itself from others in China by predominantly speaking Cantonese, a South China regional variety which is mutually unintelligible with Putonghua (or Mandarin), China’s official, national language. While Hong Kong is officially (but ambiguously) bilingual in 中文 ‘Chinese’ and 英文 ‘English’, yet simply in terms of its numbers of speakers, social domains in which it is spoken, and deliberate choice by the broadcast media, Cantonese unquestionably serves as Hong Kong’s de facto official spoken language. Other Chinese varieties (or dialects) and non-Chinese languages are spoken in the community, although the numbers of their speakers are relatively small. For both pedagogical and political reasons, schools have been switching from Cantonese mother-tongue instruction to Putonghua. Other language-education issues being addressed by the authorities are demands by Hong Kong’s ethnic minorities to learn to read and write standard Chinese through a comprehensive curriculum for Chinese as a second language and an end to segregated schools.
Zwitterions as novel phase forming components of aqueous biphasic systems
Authors: Basaiahgari Anusha , Yadav Sandeep Kumar , Gardas Ramesh L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A novel class of aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) formed by zwitterions (ZI) has been investigated in the present work. A series of water soluble ZIs have been synthesized using triethylamine, N-Methylimidazole, N-Vinylimidazole, pyridine, N-Methylpyrrolidine, N-Ethylpiperidine and 1,4 butane sultone. The synthesized ZIs were explored for their ability to form biphasic systems in combination with aqueous inorganic salt solutions of K3PO4, K2HPO4 and K2CO3. The phase diagrams for all systems have been constructed through cloud point titration method at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The phase behavior of ZI based ABS have been analyzed to understand the structural effects of ZIs as well as the effect of nature of salt used on the overall phase formation. Further the temperature dependence of the ZI based ABS was also explored by studying the phase behavior at variable temperatures of 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K. In order to estimate the applicability of proposed ZI based ABS, extraction experiments have been performed for an alkaloid i.e. caffeine for all synthesized ZIs with K3PO4 and at 298.15 K. ZI based ABS have been found to be capable of single step extraction of caffeine similar to IL based ABS thus providing the possibilities to explore these ZI based ABS as efficient extraction and separation systems.
Web-TV as a backstage activity: Emerging forms of audience address in the post-broadcast era
Authors: Eriksson Göran , Fitzgerald Richard 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Taking off from the Media Talk approach, this paper examines the communicative work of a Swedish sports webcast football show, Superlive, as an emerging form of web-based media format called Web-TV. This analysis is situated in a context in which broadcasting is going through fundamental changes, and broadcasters are rethinking their content in order to face the challenges arriving with recent decades’ technological developments, and especially the fact that television is no longer restricted to being broadcast but can be distributed through the web and be received on PCs, tablets and mobile phones. In this ‘post-broadcasting era’ producers are searching for new ways of reaching audiences through creating new forms of audience address. Superlive is a good example of these changes and how broadcasters now explore the possibilities of producing television exclusively for the Web. The analysis shows that what is taking place in Superlive is clearly in contrast to the performances one could expect in the conventional broadcast. Through the participants’ favoring of an interactional style characterized by informality and spontaneity, this show situates itself as backstage to the conventional forms of airings. As a result, this discursive space implies an interactional orientation to “co-presence” with the audience.
Felosztás vagy felemelkedés? Ukrajna, Európa „nagy tortája”
Authors: Karácsonyi Dávid 
Published: November 2018

A sokáig saját permanens társadalmi-gazdasági válságával foglalkozó Ukrajna 2014 után szinte egyik percről a másikra került a világpolitika centrumába, aminek oka a konfliktus mögötti sokkal szélesebb geopolitikai dimenzió, illetve az orosz–nyugati viszony kiéleződése volt.
Ukrajna hatalmas területe, természeti erőforrásai (termőföld és ásványkincsek) és népessége ellenére sem tudott szert tenni középhatalmi státuszra, ami nem csak belső okokkal magyarázható. Ukrajna valójában Európa utolsó nagy tartalékterülete, amelyről nem dőlt el még, hogy hosszabb távon az EU vagy az Oroszország dominálta tér részét képezi-e.
E regionális földrajzi szempontú írás arra kísérel meg választ adni, hogy szomszédsága miként tekint Ukrajnára: mint emberi és természeti erőforrás-tartalékterületre vagy mint pufferzónára Oroszország és a Nyugat között. Van-e esélye Ukrajnának hosszabb távon az adott feltételek mellett politikailag, gazdaságilag stabil országgá válni?
Az ország fejlődése mindig is a szomszédságától függött. Az ukránság csak akkor tudott önálló szereplő lenni, amikor a nagyhatalmi erőviszonyok kiegyenlítettek voltak. Ilyen időszak a posztszovjet éra is 1991 és 2014 között, amely éppen Ukrajnában zárult le.
Ukrajna a függetlenné válás óta szomszédjaihoz képest is mélyebb demográfiai válságba került. Ukrajna népessége rendkívül gyorsan elöregszik, amit csak súlyosbít, hogy szomszédjai elszívják a munkaerőt. Főként a visegrádi országok próbálják innen pótolni hiányzó munkaerejüket.
Miközben a földpiaci moratórium miatt egyelőre csak korlátozott versengés folyik nemzetközi téren is a termőföldekért, amelyek a világon a legértékesebbek agrárpotenciáljukat tekintve, a kelet-ukrajnai nehézipart súlyosan érinti a politikai válság.
Az „ukrán kérdés” megoldása valójában az orosz–nyugati viszony függvénye. A Nyugat és Oroszország közötti távolodás Ukrajna jövője szempontjából igen kedvezőtlen forgatókönyv.
STAT3 is involved in IL-6-Mediated Downregulation of Hepatic Transporters in Mice
Authors: Abualsunun Walaa Ali , Piquette-Miller Micheline 
Published: November 2018

Interleukin (IL)-6 decreases hepatic expression of numerous transporters. Although IL-6 signaling occurs through STAT3, the extent of the involvement of the STAT3 signaling pathway has not been elucidated. PURPOSE: Our objective was to investigate whether IL-6-mediated effects occur through STAT3, and whether PXR plays a role in this regulation. METHOD: PXR null (-/-) or wild-type (+/+) male mice were pre-dosed with a selective STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 (7.5 mg/kg ip) or vehicle (n=5-8/group) 30 minutes before receiving a single dose of IL-6 (1 µg ip) or saline. Animals were sacrificed after 6 hours and liver samples were analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS: As compared to saline controls, IL-6 decreased the expression of Cyp3a, Abcb1a, Abcc3, and Slco1a4 20-70% similarly in PXR (+/+) and (-/-) mice at 6 hr, while downregulation of Abcb11, Abcc2, Slc10a1and Slco2b1 was only seen in PXR (+/+). Pre-administration of S3I-201 attenuated IL-6-mediated changes of most transporters in PXR (+/+) and PXR (-/-) mice. At early times after IL-6 administration (10-120 minutes), transcript levels of Socs3, PXR, Abcb1a, Abcc3, Abcb11, Slco1a4 and Slco2b1were increased in PXR (+/+) mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that IL-6 imposes a significant downregulation of numerous ABC and SLC transporters in liver primarily through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Based on time-dependent changes in transporter expression, downregulation likely occurs downstream of STAT3 activation. As IL-6 is elevated in many diseases, understanding the underlying mechanism(s) involved in transporter dysregulation will allow us to predict potential drug-disease interactions.
Comparative Studies on Phytochemical Analysis of Callus and Wild Plants of Phyllanthus niruri with Special Reference to Phyllanthin
Authors: Aarti Patel  , Pratibha Singh  , Shagufta Khan  
Published: November 2018

The main objective of the present study was to induce callus form nodal explants of Phyllanthus niruri and, compared the quantification of Phyllanthin in callus and naturally propagated Phyllanthus niruri. For callus initiation, different sterile plant parts were transferred on MS medium supplemented with auxins either alone like 0.5-2.0 mg/l 2- 4 D or with varied concentration and combinations of cytokinins like 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l KN. The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus niruri plant and callus were prepared and performed its phytochemical analysis. The total flavonoids and polyphenol were investigated to quantify the presence of polyphenol compounds in callus extract and plant extract. The quantification of Phyllanthin in plant extract and callus extract were performed by HPLC. Maximum callus (90.5%) induction from stem/leaf segments on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D with 0.5 mg/l BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) within 25 days which was fragile in morphology. Preliminary phytochemical revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites in different extract of plant. The concentrations of flavonoids polyphenol in ethanol extract of callus were higher compared to crude plant extract. Further Phyllanthin content in callus was found to be significantly increased in response to field grown plants.
An Overview on the Advances of Zingiber zerumbet
Authors: Arijit Chaudhuri  , SC Sharma  , Foziya Khan  
Published: November 2018

Zingiber zerumbet traditionally Karpoori Haridraa known to the India as “Bitter Ginger,” is a perennial herb found in many tropical and sub-tropical countries, including India. The Z. zerumbet, rhizomes particularly, have been daily life used as a various food flavouring agent and appetizer in various Indian' cuisines while the rhizomes extracts have been used in Indian villagers folk medicine to treat various types of diseases (e.g., inflammatory- and pain-mediated diseases, worm infestation and diarrhoea, diabetes). This plant carried out using different in vivo and in vitro bioassays of biological evaluation. The various active pharmacological component of Z. zerumbet rhizomes most widely studied is zerumbone. This paper presents mainly the morphology, folk uses, chemistry, and pharmacology of this medicinal plant.
Validación de las dimensiones de los factores motivacionales para realizar actividades fisicas deportivas en alumnos universitarios , mediante ecuaciones estructurales con mínimos cuadrados parciales
Authors: Santi-Huaranca Inés , García-Huambachano Víctor , Sáenz-Tejada Nicolás 
Published: November 2018

<p>La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la escala de factores motivacionales (apariencia, competencia, disfrute, fitness y social) hacia las actividades deportivas utilizando las técnicas de métodos multivariados SEMPLS con la finalidad de comprobar la importancia de la fiabilidad y validez del modelo de medida, basado en un constructo. La muestra utilizada de 401 alumnos universitarios de las carreras de ciencias administrativas y carreras afines de una universidad peruana. Los resultados encontrados reportan una varianza extraída media de 69.5% para cada una de las variables; la validez discriminante de segundo orden para el criterio HTMT (Heterotrait –Monotrait) con valores debajo del punto 0.90 (moderado).</p>
Análisis psicométrico del Inventario de Autoeficacia para las Inteligencias Múltiples-Revisado (IAMI-R) en estudiantes peruanos de nivel secundario
Authors: Aliaga Tovar Jaime , Ponce Díaz Carlos , Salas-Blas Edwin 
Published: November 2018

<p>El presente estudio instrumental (Ato, López y Benavente, 2013) o de tipo psicométrico (Alarcón, 2008) planteó como objetivo estimar la validez y fiabilidad del Inventario de Autoeficacia para las Inteligencias Múltiples-Revisado (IAMI-R, Pérez y Cupani, 2008) en estudiantes peruanos de quinto de secundaria. Se trabajó con una muestra de 1304 adolescentes, edad promedio 16.81, dividida en dos grupos de 652. La confiabilidad se calculó con el <em>Alfa ordinal</em> (Contreras &amp; Novoa-Muñoz, 2018) y con el coeficiente <em>Omega de McDonald</em>, obteniéndose valores apropiados. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) confirma los ocho factores de la versión original que explican el 70% de la variabilidad de las puntuaciones. Con el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) se obtuvieron índices de ajuste que confirman esta estructura factorial: SSc2 = 1857.73, gl = 1047, SSc2 / gl = 1.77, RMSEA = .035, SRMR = .049, CFI = .915 y TLI = .908. Los resultados confirman que el IAMI-R es adecuado para evaluar autoeficacia asociada a inteligencias múltiples en estudiantes peruanos que culminan la secundaria.</p>
La tutoría como estrategia pedagógica para el desarrollo de competencias de investigación en posgrado
Authors: Cruzata-Martínez Alejandro Cruzata-Martínez , Bellido García Roberto , Velázquez-Tejeda Miriam , Alhuay-Quispe Joel 
Published: November 2018

<p>La producción de conocimiento es un elemento esencial en las escuelas de posgrado y se considera que este proceso está muy avanzado cuando el estudiante culmina y sustenta su tesis de investigación. Sin embargo, una cantidad de estudiantes no logra desarrollar las competencias investigativas y culminar la tesis. El objetivo de esta propuesta es precisar los roles y las competencias que demanda el tutor de posgrado para lograr realizar un acompañamiento y mediación en los estudiantes de posgrado, potenciando la articulación de la tutoría universitaria y la investigación científica. Se propone una propuesta que permita fortalecer las competencias investigativas en los estudiantes de posgrado por medio de la acción tutorial. La propuesta se basa en el modelo integrador de la tutoría desarrollado por Cruz, García y Abreu (2006), dirigidos a los tutores y estudiantes que se encuentran desarrollando sus tesis de investigación en la escuela de posgrado.</p>