bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatibility between the endoparasitoid Hyposoter didymator and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum: a laboratory simulation for the simultaneous use to control Spodoptera littoralis
Authors: Miranda‐Fuentes Pedro , Quesada‐Moraga Enrique , Aldebis Hani K , Yousef‐Naef Meelad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, is one of the most destructive pests in the Mediterranean basin, being predominantly controlled using synthetic chemical pesticides. Strain EAMa 01/58‐Su of the fungus Metarhizium brunneum and the parasitoid Hyposoter didymator are promising biological control agents for this pest. In this study, we assessed the compatibility between these two agents to control S. littoralis under joint attack scenarios.RESULTSFirstly, the direct and indirect effects of the fungus towards parasitoid adults were studied. The fungus significantly decreased life expectancy of the parasitoid (mortality = 62.5%; mean lethal concentration = 1.85 × 106 conidia ml−1; average survival time = 92.2 h) when applied at high concentrations (108 conidia ml−1), whereas it did not affect the reproductive potential of the parasitoid females during the 3 days after treatment. Secondly, the combinations between the two agents to control S. littoralis under different simultaneous use scenarios (inoculation of S. littoralis larvae with the fungus before being exposed to parasitoid females and vice versa) were investigated, with additive effect in all cases. A significant effect on fitness (preimaginal development time and reproductive potential) of the F1 parasitoid generation were detected. Moreover, parasitization significantly reduced the total hemocytes in S. littoralis hemolymph compared with the control, promoting fungal infection. Finally, parasitoids showed a significant preference for non‐inoculated S. littoralis larvae.CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrated compatibility (additive effect) between fungus and parasitoid under different joint attack scenarios to control S. littoralis in laboratory conditions. However, this will be supported by our ongoing greenhouse and field studies. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Structure fragmentation studies of ring‐substituted N‐trifluoroacetyl‐N‐benzylphenethylamines related to the NBOMe drugs
Authors: Almalki Ahmad J. , Clark C. Randall , DeRuiter Jack 
Published: September 2019

RationaleThe halogenated derivatives of N‐(2‐methoxy)benzyl‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (25‐NBOMe) such as the 4‐bromo analogue (25B‐NBOMe) represent a new class of hallucinogenic or psychedelic drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the electron‐donating groups (halogen and dimethoxy) in the pathway of decomposition for the distonic molecular radical cation in the electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI‐MS) process of the trifluoroacetamide (TFA) derivatives.MethodsThe systematic removal of substituents from the 4‐halogenated 2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine portion of the N‐dimethoxybenzyl NBOMe analogues allowed an evaluation of structural effects on the formation of major fragment ions in the EI‐MS of the TFA derivatives. All six regioisomeric dimethoxybenzyl‐substituted analogues (2,3‐, 2,4‐, 2,5‐, 2,6‐, 3,4‐ and 3,5‐dimethoxy) for the four series of phenethyl aromatic ring substitution patterns were prepared, derivatized and analyzed via gas chromatography coupled with EI‐MS.ResultsThe analogues yield two unique radical cation fragments from the decomposition of the common distonic molecular radical cation. The substituted phenylethene radical cation (m/z 164) is the base peak or second most abundant ion in all six TFA‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine isomers. The dimethoxybenzyltrifloroacetamide radical cation (m/z 263) is the base peak or second most abundant ion in the 2‐ and 3‐monomethoxyphenethylamine isomers. However, the 2‐ and 3‐methoxyphenylethene radical cation (m/z 134) is among the five most abundant ions for each of these twelve isomers. Only one isomer in the phenethylamine series yields the corresponding unsubstituted phenylethene radical cation at m/z 104.ConclusionsThe decomposition of the hydrogen‐rearranged distonic molecular radical cation favors formation of the dimethoxybenzyltrifloroacetamide (m/z 263) species for the less electron‐rich phenethyl aromatic rings. The addition of electron‐donating groups to the aromatic ring of the phenethyl group as in the NBOMe‐type molecules shifts the decomposition of the common distonic molecular radical cation to favor the formation of the electron‐rich substituted phenylethene radical cation.
A validation study of a virtual‐based haptic system for endoscopic sinus surgery training
Authors: Sadeghnejad Soroush , Khadivar Farshad , Abdollahi Ehsan , Moradi Hamed , Farahmand Farzam , Sadr Hosseini Seyed Mousa , Vossoughi Gholamreza 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe development of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) training simulators for clinical environment applications has reduced the existing shortcomings in conventional teaching methods, creating a standard environment for trainers and trainees in a more accurate and repeatable fashion.Materials and methodsIn this research, the validation study of an ESS training simulator has been addressed. It is important to consider components that guide trainees to improve their hand movements control in the orbital floor removal in an ESS operation. Therefore, we defined three tasks to perform: pre‐experiment learning, training, and evaluation. In these tasks, the critical regions introduced in the virtual training environment are forbidden to be touched. Recruiting 20 participants, divided into two groups, we investigated the performance metrics: quality (the percentage of the realism for the generated force for orbital floor removal and the usefulness of the proposed training system for the surgical educational curricula.), efficiency (time, path length), and safety (touching the goal and forbidden wall).ResultsAll recruited participants answered a post‐evaluation questionnaire regarding their perceptions of training system realism, potential educational benefits, and practiced skills. We investigate the differences between groups' performance metrics by utilizing the analysis of variance—Kruskal‐Wallis test. Acquired results indicate that training before the actual process of the surgery has a significant effect on the accuracy and validity of the process for surgeons.ConclusionsUtilizing a standardized environment, trainers and trainees are able to carry out a process with regular features. In addition to traditional education methods, trainees can learn the risk of surgical operations. The training simulators can, also, provide a standard method for assessing the skills of surgical and medical students.
A Highly Conductive MOF of Graphene Analogue Ni3(HITP)2 as a Sulfur Host for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cai Dong , Lu Mengjie , Li La , Cao Junming , Chen Duo , Tu Haoran , Li Junzhi , Han Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, their commercial applications are obstructed by sluggish reaction kinetics and rapid capacity degradation mainly caused by polysulfide shuttling. Herein, the first attempt to utilize a highly conductive metal–organic framework (MOF) of Ni3(HITP)2 graphene analogue as the sulfur host material to trap and transform polysulfides for high‐performance Li–S batteries is made. Besides, the traditional conductive additive acetylene black is replaced by carbon nanotubes to construct matrix conduction networks for triggering the rate and cycling performance of the active cathode. As a result, the S@Ni3(HITP)2 with sulfur content of 65.5 wt% shows excellent sulfur utilization, rate performance, and cyclic durability. It delivers a high initial capacity of 1302.9 mAh g−1 and good capacity retention of 848.9 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C. Highly reversible discharge capacities of 807.4 and 629.6 mAh g−1 are obtained at 0.5 and 1 C for 150 and 300 cycles, respectively. Such kinds of pristine MOFs with high conductivity and abundant polar sites reveal broad promising prospect for application in the field of high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Engineering Bimetal Synergistic Electrocatalysts Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Liu Ming , Kong Lingjun , Wang Xuemin , He Jie , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBenefiting from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) unique structural characteristics, their versatility in composition and structure has been well explored in electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes. Here, a ligand/ionic exchange phenomenon of MOFs is reported in alkaline solution due to their poor stability, and the active species and reaction mechanism of MOFs are revealed in the OER process. A series of mixed Ni‐MOFs and Fe‐MOFs are synthesized by straightforward sonication and then directly used as catalyst candidates for OER in alkaline electrolyte. It can be confirmed via ex situ transmission electron microscopic images and X‐ray diffraction patterns analysis, that the bimetallic hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) is generated in 1.0 m KOH in situ and acts as protagonist for oxygen evolution. The optimized catalyst (FN‐2) exhibits a lower overpotential (275 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2) and excellent long‐term stability (strong current density for 100 h without fading). The revelation of the real active species of MOF materials may contribute to better understanding of the reaction mechanism.
Composite Microgels Created by Complexation between Polyvinyl Alcohol and Graphene Oxide in Compressed Double‐Emulsion Drops
Authors: Choi Ye Hun , Lee Sang Seok , Lee Dong‐Myeong , Jeong Hyeon Su , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicrogels, microparticles made of hydrogels, show fast diffusion kinetics and high reconfigurability while maintaining the advantages of hydrogels, being useful for various applications. Here, presented is a new microfluidic strategy for producing polymer‐graphene oxide (GO) composite microgels without chemical cues or a temperature swing for gelation. As a main component of microgels, polymers that are able to form hydrogen bonds, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), are used. In the mixture of PVA and GO, GO is tethered by PVA through hydrogen bonding. When the mixture is rapidly concentrated in the core of double‐emulsion drops by osmotic‐pressure‐driven water pumping, PVA‐tethered GO sheets form a nematic phase with a planar alignment. In addition, the GO sheets are linked by additional hydrogen bonds, leading to a sol–gel transition. Therefore, the PVA–GO composite remains undissolved when it is directly exposed to water by oil‐shell rupture. These composite microgels can be also produced using poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(acrylic acid), instead of PVA. In addition, the microgels can be functionalized by incorporating other polymers in the presence of the hydrogel‐forming polymers. It is shown that the multicomponent microgels made from a mixture of polyacrylamide, PVA, and GO show an excellent adsorption capacity for impurities.
Verbundbrückenbau – neue Entwicklungen und Beispiele
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Raichle Jochen , Stempniewski Lena 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeben ästhetischen Aspekten sind im Verbundbrückenbau hohe Anforderungen hinsichtlich Dauerhaftigkeit, Tragfähigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit zu beachten, die im Hinblick der steigenden Verkehrsbelastung zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen und eine Herausforderung für die Konstruktion darstellen. Vorteilhafte neue Entwicklungen sind häufig durch innovative Hybridlösungen gekennzeichnet, bei denen Stahlgurte durch Beton oder Betonstege durch Stahl ersetzt werden. Maßgebend sind dann die Verbundsicherungen, für die neue Fragestellungen entstehen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt ausgehend von praktischen Beispielen besondere Anwendungen für randnahe Kopfbolzen. Neue Verbundfertigteilträger erlauben eine Optimierung von Herstellung und Bauzeit. Die Anwendung profilierter Trapezstegbleche wird vorgestellt, wodurch zum einen die Querbiegesteifigkeit und zum anderen die Längsschubtragfähigkeit der Verbundfuge zusätzlich zur Anordnung randnaher Kopfbolzen erhöht wird. Für diesen Anwendungsfall wird die bisher bekannte Bemessungsgleichung für eine zweireihige Dübelanordnung erweitert. Die Anwendung randnaher Kopfbolzen ist zudem aktuell an geometrische Randbedingungen geknüpft, deren Einhaltung zu langen und damit schwer realisierbaren Kopfbolzen führt. Es wird ein Bemessungskonzept vorgestellt, das den Nachweis randnaher Kopfbolzen auf Zug und Schub anstelle der konstruktiven Mindestlängen erlaubt.
Experimental comparative study of coupled shear wall systems with steel and reinforced concrete link beams
Authors: Li Guo‐Qiang , Pang Meng‐De , Li Yan‐Wen , Li Liu‐Lian , Sun Fei‐Fei , Sun Jian‐Yun 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThis paper aims to investigate the seismic performance improvement effect of coupled shear wall with steel link beams under cyclic lateral loading. The quasi‐static tests on two 1/3‐scaled specimens, including one coupled shear wall with steel link beams and one coupled shear wall with conventional concrete link beams, were conducted. These two specimens were designed with similar lateral initial stiffness and tested under the same gravity and lateral cyclic loading procedure. The specimen with concrete link beams exhibited sequence shear failures of link beams from top to bottom storey after completing 22 loading cycles. However, the specimen with steel link beams sustained ductile and plump hysteretic behavior under the same loading cycles. The lateral load‐resisting capacity of the specimen with steel link beams is 2.2 times of the specimen with concrete link beams. The experimental results demonstrated great advantages of steel link beams in improving seismic performance of conventional coupled shear wall systems.
Informing sea turtle outreach efforts to maximize effectiveness
Authors: Swindall Jessica E. , Ober Holly K. , Lamont Margaret M. , Carthy Raymond R. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMost sea turtle (Cheloniidae) species worldwide are endangered or threatened, with threats causing harm to sea turtles predominantly human‐induced. Thus, prevention of further declines to these imperiled species will require alteration of human behaviors. Regulations, incentives, and environmental education are 3 strategies that could be used to alter human behavior. Our goal was to determine how to maximize effectiveness of one of these strategies—education efforts. We investigated knowledge deficiencies and light pollution behaviors of individuals living in a region with nesting sea turtles, in an effort to determine the best approach to promote sea turtle conservation. During 2014, we mailed a survey to 3,000 property owners in 4 coastal counties in Florida, USA, to achieve 3 objectives: assess what topic areas were misunderstood; discern who had knowledge deficiencies; and determine who had adopted turtle‐friendly lighting practices. The best predictors of knowledge included geographic factors (county, proximity of residences to the beach), demographic characteristics (age), and behaviors (individual's beach visitation rates). One practice that can reduce harm to sea turtles was common: use of window treatments to reduce light pollution. However, other practices harmful to sea turtles were prevalent, including long durations of use of outdoor lighting and use of light bulbs with wavelengths that can disturb sea turtles. Our results suggest that educational efforts could be enhanced by specifically focusing on increasing awareness of the effects of human actions on sea turtles, targeting individuals who visit the beach infrequently and live far from it to foster greater connection with these ecosystems, and publicizing a variety of options that could reduce harm to sea turtles so individuals feel a sense of freedom of choice. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
The Regime and the Creation of an ‘Arte di Stato’
Authors: Billiani Francesca , Pennacchietti Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter lays the foundations for a structured and cogent analysis of the fields of architecture and the novel, while providing a stand-alone discussion of the central idea of arte di stato. This expression signals the more ‘pluralist’ approach adopted towards the arts by the Fascist regime, compared to coeval totalitarian regimes, in its attempt to create an aesthetic system supporting the dictatorship. The chapter takes as its starting point Mussolini’s 1926 speeches on the question of art and politics, and examines one of the main debates attempting to circumscribe and define the notion of State art during the dictatorship (carried out in the journal Critica fascista between 1926 and 1927), in order to identify its founding principles and analyse its articulations under the regime.
Investigating face veneer check development in decorative plywood panels: the impact of four common manufacturing factors
Authors: Burnard Michael , Leavengood Scott , Muszyński Lech , Ganio Lisa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn optical method based on digital image correlation was used to investigate the impact of four decorative plywood manufacturing factors (core type, veneer type, adhesive type and lathe check orientation) on face veneer checking. The four core types were: combination core, medium density fibreboard, particleboard, and veneer core. The four veneer types were: peeled 0.604 mm, peeled 0.706 mm, sliced 0.508 mm, and sliced 0.564 mm. Both loose-side out and tight-side out lathe check orientations were used. The adhesive systems were urea–formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetate, and soy-protein based. 96 treatment combinations with 8 replicates were tested. All specimens were exposed to harsh but realistic drying conditions (approximately 30°C and 26% relative humidity) for 4 h during inspection. Checks were detected on 428 out of a total of 765 specimens (56%). The estimated mean check densities (area of checking per unit area) indicated some unfavourable factor combinations. All factors had some degree of interaction with one another and check development could not be attributed to a single factor examined in this study. The data were fit to a generalized linear mixed model based on Tweedie’s compound Poisson distribution. Confidence intervals were calculated via bootstrapping. The check density estimates produced by this model can be used to cautiously guide manufacturers as they decide on panel components. The broader use of the model is to highlight the complexity of the problem and guide future research in this area.
Arthroscopic lift, drill, fill and fix (LDFF) is an effective treatment option for primary talar osteochondral defects
Authors: Lambers Kaj T. A. , Dahmen Jari , Reilingh Mikel L. , van Bergen Christiaan J. A. , Stufkens Sjoerd A. S. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the mid-term clinical and radiological results of a novel arthroscopic fixation technique for primary osteochondral defects (OCD) of the talus, named the lift, drill, fill and fix (LDFF) technique.

Methods
Twenty-seven ankles (25 patients) underwent an arthroscopic LDFF procedure for primary fixable talar OCDs. The mean follow-up was 27 months (SD 5). Pre- and post-operative clinical assessments were prospectively performed by measuring the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) of pain in/at rest, walking and when running. Additionally, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) were used to assess clinical outcome. The patients were radiologically assessed by means of computed tomography (CT) scans pre-operatively and 1 year post-operatively.

Results
The mean NRS during running significantly improved from 7.8 pre-operatively to 2.9 post-operatively (p = 0.006), the NRS during walking from 5.7 to 2.0 (p < 0.001) and the NRS in rest from 2.3 to 1.2 (p = 0.015). The median FAOS at final follow-up was 86 for pain, 63 for other symptoms, 95 for activities of daily living, 70 for sport and 53 for quality of life. A pre- and post-operative score comparison was available for 16 patients, and improved significantly in most subscores. The SF-36 physical component scale significantly improved from 42.9 to 50.1. Of the CT scans at 1 year after surgery, 81% showed a flush subchondral bone plate and 92% of OCDs showed union.

Conclusion
Arthroscopic LDFF of a fixable primary talar OCD results in excellent improvement of clinical outcomes. The radiological follow-up confirms that fusion of the fragment is feasible in 92%. This technique could be regarded as the new gold standard for the orthopedic surgeon comfortable with arthroscopic procedures.

Level of evidence
Prospective case series, therapeutic level IV.
Modeling the influence of time and temperature on the levels of fatty acids in the liver of Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii
Authors: Antonucci Matteo , Belghit Ikram , Truzzi Cristina , Illuminati Silvia , Araujo Pedro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAntarctic fish (Trematomus bernacchii) are an ideal group for studying the effect of ocean warming on vital physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation, including changes in the fatty acid composition to higher heat tolerance in the sub-zero waters of the Southern Ocean. Despite the awareness of the impact of ocean warming on marine life, bioclimatic models describing the effect of temperature and time on fatty acid levels in marine species have not been considered yet. The objective of the present study was to investigate changes in the concentrations of fatty acids in liver fromT. bernacchiiin response to an increase in temperature in the Antarctic region. Changes in the concentrations of fatty acids in liver fromT. bernacchiiwere observed after varying simultaneously and systematically the temperature and time. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography prior to acclimation (− 1.8 °C) and after acclimation (0.0, 1.0, and 2.0 °C) at different times (1, 5, and 10 days). The observed changes were graphically visualized by expressing the fatty acid concentration in absolute units (mg g−1) as a function of the temperature and time using polynomial models. Major changes in fatty acid composition were observed at day 1 of exposition at all temperatures. At day 5, the fish seem to tolerate the new temperature condition. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids were almost constant throughout the various conditions. The concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (in particular 18:1n− 9) decrease at day 1 for all temperatures. In contrast, there was an increase in the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (in particular 20:5n− 3 and 22:6n− 3) with increasing temperatures after 1, 5, and 10 days of exposure. The proposed models were in agreement with reported studies on polar and temperate fish, indicating possibly similar adaptation mechanisms for teleost to cope with global warming.