bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The more you know: Investigating why adults get a bigger memory boost from semantic congruency than children
Authors: Wang Wei-Chun , Ghetti Simona , Brod Garvin , Bunge Silvia A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHumans possess the capacity to employ prior knowledge in the service of our ability to remember; thus, memory is oftentimes superior for information that is semantically congruent with our prior knowledge. This congruency benefit grows during development, but little is understood about neurodevelopmental differences that underlie this growth. Here, we sought to explore the brain mechanisms underlying these phenomena. To this end, we examined the neural substrates of semantically congruent vs. incongruent item-context associations in 116 children and 25 young adults who performed encoding and retrieval tasks during functional MRI data collection. Participants encoded item-context pairs by judging whether an item belonged in a scene. Episodic memory was then tested with a source memory task. Consistent with prior work, source memory accuracy improved with age, and was greater for congruent than incongruent pairs; further, this congruency benefit was greater in adults than children. Age-related differences were observed across univariate, functional connectivity, and multivariate analyses, particularly in lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). In sum, our results revealed two general age differences. First, left ventrolateral/rostrolateral PFC exhibited age-related increases in univariate activity, as well as greater functional connectivity with temporal regions during the processing of congruency. Second, right rostrolateral PFC activation was associated with successfully encoded congruent associations in adults, but not children. Finally, multivariate analyses provided evidence for stronger veridical memory in adults than children in right ventrolateral PFC. These effects in right lateral PFC were significantly correlated with memory performance, implicating them in the process of remembering congruent associations. These results connect brain regions associated with top-down control in the congruency benefit and age-related improvements therein.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Oncogenes Disrupt the Fanconi Anemia DNA repair Pathway by Impairing Localization and Deubiquitination of FancD2
Authors: Khanal Sujita , Galloway Denise A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPersistent expression of high-risk HPV oncogenes is necessary for the development of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Here, we show that E6/E7 expressing cells are hypersensitive to DNA crosslinking agent cisplatin and have defects in repairing DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICL). Importantly, we elucidate how E6/E7 attenuate the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA crosslink repair pathway. Though E6/E7 activated the pathway by increasing FancD2 monoubiquitination and foci formation, they inhibited the completion of the repair by multiple mechanisms. E6/E7 impaired FancD2 colocalization with double-strand breaks (DSB), which subsequently hindered the recruitment of downstream protein Rad51 to DSB in E6 cells. Further, E6 expression caused delayed FancD2 de-ubiquitination, an important process for effective ICL repair. Delayed FancD2 de-ubiquitination was attributed to the increased chromatin retention of FancD2 hindering USP1 de-ubiquitinating activity, and persistently activated ATR/CHK-1/pS565 FancI signaling. E6 mediated p53 degradation did not hamper the cell cycle specific process of FancD2 modifications but abrogated repair by disrupting FancD2 de-ubiquitination. Further, E6 reduced the expression and foci formation of Palb2, which is a repair protein downstream of FancD2. These findings uncover unique mechanisms by which HPV oncogenes contribute to genomic instability and the response to cisplatin therapies.AUTHOR SUMMARYHigh-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) causes nearly all cervical and many other anogenital cancers, and oropharyngeal cancers. As cisplatin is the most commonly used drug for cervical and HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers, it is important to understand how HPV oncogenes disrupt the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway involved primarily in the repair of cisplatin-induced DNA crosslinks. However, the mechanism by which HPV E6 and E7 attenuate the FA pathway is poorly understood. We demonstrate that E6/E7 expression disrupts crosslink repair and increase cisplatin sensitivity, and attenuate the FA pathway through multiple unique mechanisms. First, E6/E7 causes accumulation of FancD2, a central component of the FA pathway, at the sites away from DNA damage. This results in reduced recruitment of Rad51, another repair protein involved in the pathway. Second, E6 causes delayed FancD2 de-ubiquitination, an important process for effective repair. Third, E6 expressing cells decreases the expression and foci formation of Palb2 repair protein. Together, this work elucidates the mechanisms by which HPV attenuates the repair of DNA crosslinks increasing cisplatin cytotoxicity and efficacy in treating HPV-positive cancers.
Changes in the Active, Dead, and Dormant Microbial Community Structure Across a Pleistocene Permafrost Chronosequence
Authors: Burkert Alex , Douglas Thomas A. , Waldrop Mark P. , Mackelprang Rachel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPermafrost hosts a community of microorganisms that survive and reproduce for millennia despite extreme environmental conditions such as water stress, subzero temperatures, high salinity, and low nutrient availability. Many studies focused on permafrost microbial community composition use DNA-based methods such as metagenomic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. However, these methods do not distinguish between active, dead, and dormant cells. This is of particular concern in ancient permafrost where constant subzero temperatures preserve DNA from dead organisms and dormancy may be a common survival strategy. To circumvent this we applied: (i) live/dead differential staining coupled with microscopy, (ii) endospore enrichment, and (iii) selective depletion of DNA from dead cells to permafrost microbial communities across a Pleistocene permafrost chronosequence (19K, 27K, and 33K). Cell counts and analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from live, dead, and dormant cells revealed how communities differ between these pools and how they change over geologic time. We found clear evidence that cells capable of forming endospores are not necessarily dormant and that the propensity to form endospores differed among taxa. Specifically, Bacilli are more likely to form endospores in response to long-term stressors associated with permafrost environmental conditions than members of Clostridia, which are more likely to persist as vegetative cells over geologic timescales. We also found that exogenous DNA preserved within permafrost does not bias DNA sequencing results since its removal did not significantly alter the microbial community composition. These results extend the findings of a previous study that showed permafrost age and ice content largely control microbial community diversity and cell abundances.ImportanceThe study of permafrost transcends the study of climate change and exobiology. Permafrost soils store more than half earth’s soil carbon despite covering ∽15% of the land area (Tarnocai et al 2009). This permafrost carbon is rapidly degraded following thaw (Tarnocai C et al 2009, Schuur et al 2015). Understanding microbial communities in permafrost will contribute to the knowledge base necessary to understand the rates and forms of permafrost C and N cycling post thaw. Permafrost is also an analog for frozen extraterrestrial environments and evidence of viable organisms in ancient permafrost is of interest to those searching for potential life on distant worlds. If we can identify strategies microbial communities utilize to survive permafrost we can focus efforts searching for evidence of life on cryogenic cosmic bodies. Our work is significant because it contributes to an understanding of how microbial life adapts and survives in the extreme environmental conditions in permafrost terrains across geologic timescales.
Quantitative single-cell splicing analysis reveals an ‘economy of scale’ filter for gene expression
Authors: Ding Fangyuan , Elowitz Michael B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells, splicing affects the fate of each pre-mRNA transcript, helping to determine whether it is ultimately processed into an mRNA, or degraded. The efficiency of splicing plays a key role in gene expression. However, because it depends on the levels of multiple isoforms at the same transcriptional active site (TAS) in the same cell, splicing efficiency has been challenging to measure. Here, we introduce a quantitative single-molecule FISH-based method that enables determination of the absolute abundances of distinct RNA isoforms at individual TASs. Using this method, we discovered that splicing efficiency behaves in an unexpected ‘economy of scale’ manner, increasing, rather than decreasing, with gene expression levels, opposite to a standard enzymatic process. This behavior could result from an observed correlation between splicing efficiency and spatial proximity to nuclear speckles. Economy of scale splicing represents a non-linear filter that amplifies the expression of genes when they are more strongly transcribed. This method will help to reveal the roles of splicing in the quantitative control of gene expression.
Detecting spatial dynamics of range expansions with geo-referenced genomewide SNP data and the geographic spectrum of shared alleles
Authors: Alvarado-Serrano Diego F. , Hickerson Michael J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUncovering the spatial dynamics of range expansions is a major goal in studies of historical demographic inference, with applications ranging from understanding the evolutionary origins of domesticated crops, epidemiology, invasive species, and understanding specieslevel responses to climate change. Following the surge in advances that make explicit use of the spatial distribution of genetic data from georeferenced SNP variants, we present a novel summary statistic vector, the geographic spectrum of shared alleles (GSSA). Using simulations of twodimensional serial expansion, we find that the information from the GSSA, summarized with Harpending’s Raggedness Index (RI), can accurately detect the spatial origins of a range expansion under serial founder models, even with sparse sampling of only ten individuals. When applying to SNP data from two species of the holarctic butterfly genusLycaeides, the suggested origins of expansion are consistent with hindcasts obtained from ecological niche models (ENMs). These results demonstrate the GSSA to be a useful exploratory tool for generating hypotheses of range expansion with genomewide SNP data. Our simulation experiments suggest high performance even with sampling found in studies of nonmodel organisms (one sampled individual per location, no outgroup information, and only 5,000 SNP loci).
Corporate social responsibility, firm performance and the moderating effect of earnings management in Chinese firms
Authors: Sial Muhammad Safdar , Chunmei Zheng , Khan Tehmina , Nguyen Vinh Khuong 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance and the moderating role of earnings management on the relationship between CSR and firm performance.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical study used the updated data set (3,481 unbalanced observations for period 2009–2015) from Chinese listed companies on Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges. The generalized method of moments (GMM) statistical approach has been used for the analysis. The authors utilized STATA to test GMM on a sample of Chinese listed firms data over the period 2009–2015. The unbalanced sample obtained 3,481 observations from China stock market and accounting research database and CSR ratings provided by Rankins (RKS).FindingsThe results demonstrated that CSR has a positive and significant relationship with firm’s performance; also, earnings management has a negatively moderate relationship between CSR and firm performance. These results imply that a high value of earnings management, which results in high level of symbolic CSR, converts to low firm performance of the Chinese firms. CSR actions (only as symbolic measures) promoted by managers as a means to cover their profit management incite an adverse effect on the company’s performance. This study has highlighted the impact of two different corporate social responsibilities: substantive and symbolic (genuine CSR vs greenwashing) on firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this investigation will be of distinct interest to company owners who wish to ascertain the effectiveness of the sustainability decisions of directors and managers, and also to investors and public authorities to estimate the positive relationship between CSR and company’s reputation and image, and thus, the positive influence on firm performance.Originality/valuePrevious studies have generally focused on the relationship between CSR and firm performance. This study provides the impact of earnings management (measurement of both aspects of accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management) on this relationship. Furthermore, this study examines the state of CSR in the Chinese market and provides empirical evidence of this relationship in emerging markets.
Two aspects of knowledge transfer: what every manager should know about using analogy and narrative
Authors: Thomas Nobin 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Organizational scholars continue to study “knowledge” as an important organizational resource, and there is a good understanding that knowledge transfer can boost organizational performance significantly. The power of individuals in the knowledge transfer is well established, as they can transfer tacit as well as explicit knowledge. However, recent studies have shown that organizations fail to transfer knowledge adequately. The purpose of this paper is to look at alternative modes of knowledge transfer that are still underexplored in organizations. The author focuses on two modes of knowledge transfer from an individual perspective – analogy and narratives, though often neglected, but can be most powerful for managers in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
This viewpoint is prepared by an independent writer who has amalgamated several other voices from different researchers/scholars and, finally, adds his own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
The significant progress that we have made in understanding the various nuances of knowledge transfer now translates to need for focus on areas that still have scope for further inquiry. Based on current literature review, it was found that the two modes of knowledge transfer – analogy and narratives – require greater attention by managers during communicating tacit knowledge, conflict resolution, problem-solving, and organizational change.

Research limitations/implications
Storytelling and analogy allow researchers to translate charts, facts and figures into an engaging narrative that enhances its reach beyond the specialists.

Practical implications
Narratives can be used for indirectly stating uncomfortable truths and rules of the game in a society, and thereby avoid possible conflicts.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Application of SPH-FE method for fluid-structure interaction using immersed boundary method
Authors: Kalateh Farhoud , Koosheh Ali 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a new smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)-finite element (FE) algorithm to study fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems.

Design/methodology/approach
The fluid domain is discretized based on the theory of SPH), and solid part is solved through FE method, similar to other SPH-FE methods in the previous studies. Instead of master-slave technique, the interpolating (kernel) functions of immersed boundary method are implemented to couple fluid and solid domains. The procedure of modeling completely follows the classic IB framework where forces and velocities are transferred between interacting parts. Three benchmark FSI problems are simulated and the results are compared with those of similar numerical and experimental works.

Findings
The proposed SPH-FE algorithm with promising and acceptable results can be utilized as a reliable method to simulate FSI problems.

Originality/value
Contrary to most SPH-FE algorithms, the calculation of contact force is not required at interacting boundaries and no iterative process is proposed to calculate forces, velocities and positions at new time step.
There is plenty of time at the bottom: the economics, risk and ethics of time compression
Authors: Sandberg Anders 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The speed of computing and other automated processes plays an important role in how the world functions by causing “time compression”. This paper aims to review reasons to believe computation will continue to become faster in the future, the economic consequences of speedups and how these affect risk, ethics and governance.

Design/methodology/approach
A brief review of science and trends followed by an analysis of consequences.

Findings
Current computation is far from the physical limits in terms of processing speed. Algorithmic improvements may be equally powerful but cannot easily be predicted or bounded. Communication and sensing is already at the physical speed limits, although improvements in bandwidth will likely be significant. The value in these speedups lies in productivity gains, timeliness, early arrival of results and cybernetic feedback shifts. However, time compression can lead to loss of control owing to inability to track fast change, emergent or systemic risk and asynchrony. Speedups can also exacerbate inequalities between different agents and reduce safety if there are competitive pressures. Fast decisions are potentially not better decisions, as they may be made on little data.

Social implications
The impact on society and the challenge to governance are likely to be profound, requiring adapting new methods for managing fast-moving and technological risks.

Originality/value
The speed with which events happen is an important aspect of foresight, not just as a subject of prediction or analysis, but also as a driver of the kinds of dynamics that are possible.
LES-based simulation of the time-resolved flow for rotor-stator interactions in axial fan stages
Authors: Fernandez Oro Jesús Manuel , Meana-Fernández Andrés , Galdo Vega Monica , Pereiras Bruno , González Pérez José 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the development of a CFD methodology based on LES computations to analyze the rotor–stator interaction in an axial fan stage.

Design/methodology/approach
A wall-modeled large eddy simulation (WMLES) has been performed for a spanwise 3D extrusion of the central section of the fan stage. Computations were performed for three different operating conditions, from nominal (Q_N) to off-design (85 per cent Q_N and 70 per cent Q_N) working points. Circumferential periodic conditions were introduced to reduce the extent of the computational domain. The post-processing procedure enabled the segregation of unsteady deterministic features and turbulent scales. The simulations were experimentally validated using wake profiles and turbulent scales obtained from hot-wire measurements.

Findings
The transport of rotor wakes and both wake–vane and wake–wake interactions in the stator flow field have been analyzed. The description of flow separation, particularly at off-design conditions, is fully benefited from the LES performance. Rotor wakes impinging on the stator vanes generate a coherent large-scale vortex shedding at reduced frequencies. Large pressure fluctuations in the stagnation region on the leading edge of the vanes have been found.

Research limitations/implications
LES simulations have shown to be appropriate for the assessment of the design of an axial fan, especially for specific operating conditions for which a URANS model presents a lower performance for turbulence description.

Originality/value
This paper describes the development of an LES-based simulation to understand the flow mechanisms related to the rotor–stator interaction in axial fan stages.
Identification of conductivity in inhomogeneous orthotropic media
Authors: Mahmood Mohammed Shuker , Lesnic D. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to solve numerically the identification of the thermal conductivity of an inhomogeneous and possibly anisotropic medium from interior/internal temperature measurements.

Design/methodology/approach
The formulated coefficient identification problem is inverse and ill-posed, and therefore, to obtain a stable solution, a non-linear regularized least-squares approach is used. For the numerical discretization of the orthotropic heat equation, the finite-difference method is applied, while the non-linear minimization is performed using the MATLAB toolbox routine lsqnonlin.

Findings
Numerical results show the accuracy and stability of solution even in the presence of noise (modelling inexact measurements) in the input temperature data.

Research limitations/implications
The mathematical formulation uses temporal temperature measurements taken at many points inside the sample, and this may be too much information that is provided to identify a space-wise dependent only conductivity tensor.

Practical implications
As noisy data are inverted, the paper models real situations in which practical temperature measurements recorded using thermocouples are inherently contaminated with random noise.

Social implications
The identification of the conductivity of inhomogeneous and orthotropic media will be of great interest to the inverse problems community with applications in geophysics, groundwater flow and heat transfer.

Originality/value
The current investigation advances the field of coefficient identification problems by generalizing the conductivity to be anisotropic in addition of being heterogeneous. The originality lies in performing, for the first time, numerical simulations of inversion to find the orthotropic and inhomogeneous thermal conductivity from noisy temperature measurements. Further value and physical significance are brought in by determining the degree of cure in a resin transfer molding process, in addition to obtaining the inhomogeneous thermal conductivity of the tested material.