bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, an under‐recognised entity
Authors: Gunawardana Ruvini Thashila , Dessauvagie Benjamin F , Taylor Donna B 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBreast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA‐ALCL) is a rare form of T‐cell lymphoma, recently linked to the use of certain types of breast implants. Although rare, BIA‐ALCL is being increasingly recognised and radiologists can play an important role in its early diagnosis. BIA‐ALCL is thought to be related to chronic inflammation from indolent infection of the biofilm surrounding implants leading to malignant transformation of activated T cells in genetically susceptible individuals. Clinical features include breast enlargement or asymmetry, discomfort, heaviness and/or a palpable mass in the context of long‐standing implant(s). Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality, and the presence of more than a trace of peri‐implant fluid should prompt consideration of aspiration for cytology, flow cytometry and microbiological analysis. This article reviews the clinical, imaging and pathology features of BIA‐ALCL. In addition, the current recommended management guidelines for suspected cases are discussed.
Adjustable temperature array for characterizing ecological and evolutionary effects on thermal physiology
Authors: Cocciardi Jennifer M. , Hoskin Conrad J. , Morris Wayne , Warburton Russell , Edwards Lexie , Higgie Megan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

To accurately characterize a species’ thermal niche and aid in predicting effects of climate change we must not only include information on thermal tolerances and physiological responses to changing temperatures, but also incorporate ecological effects and evolutionary processes that may shape a species’ niche. However, quickly and practically collecting data on key factors such as adaptation potential, behaviour, effects of species interactions, plasticity and thermal tolerances is logistically challenging.

We have therefore created an adjustable temperature array (ATA) to assist with experimental ecology and evolution research. ATA’s are a row of independent temperature points controlled and set by the user and made from commercially available parts. This allows the user to create unique thermal landscapes relevant to their study organism(s) and question(s). Further, the option of using an enclosed cage allows the user to answer questions at the individual, population, or community level in the context of changing thermal environments. ATA’s are able to be user‐set to constant or dynamic temperature regimes and are designed for use on small animals (e.g. fruit flies, beetles, mosquitoes) or plants (e.g. germinating seeds).

We have tested and confirmed the accuracy of the ATA to several thermal landscapes that would be useful for experimental ecology and evolution, including: (a) coarse resolution of a broad thermal niche ranging from 12° to 42°C in 2°C intervals (R2 = 0.998); (b) fine resolution of a narrow thermal niche ranging from 15° to 32°C in 1°C intervals (R2 = 0.997); (c) a pyramid‐shaped niche consisting of a gradient from 14° to 30°C in 2°C intervals (R2 = 0.997); and (d) a very narrow thermal niche with replicate thermal resources ranging from 26.5° to 34°C in 1.5°C intervals (R2 = 0.989).

The equipment described here is an important tool for thermal niche studies and will aid in gathering information on effects of ecological and evolutionary processes to create a comprehensive picture of species responses to climate change.
Role of mPFC and nucleus accumbens circuitry in modulation of a nicotine plus alcohol compound drug state
Authors: Randall Patrick A. , McElligott Zoe A. , Besheer Joyce 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCombined use of nicotine and alcohol constitute a significant public health risk. An important aspect of drug use and dependence are the various cues, both external (contextual) and internal (interoceptive) that influence drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behavior. The present experiments employed the use of Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) and complementary Pavlovian drug discrimination procedures (feature‐positive and feature‐negative training conditions) in order to examine whether medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic; mPFC‐PL) projections to the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) modulate sensitivity to a nicotine + alcohol (N + A) interoceptive cue. First, we show neuronal activation in mPFC‐PL and AcbC following treatment with N + A. Next, we demonstrate that chemogenetic silencing of projections from mPFC‐PL to nucleus accumbens core decrease sensitivity to the N + A interoceptive cue, while enhancing sensitivity to the individual components, suggesting an important role for this specific projection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that clozapine‐N‐oxide (CNO), the ligand used to activate the DREADDs, had no effect in parallel mCherry controls. These findings contribute important information regarding our understanding of the cortical‐striatal circuitry that regulates sensitivity to the interoceptive effects of a compound N + A cue.
Local Editing of Procedural Models
Authors: Lipp M. , Specht M. , Lau C. , Wonka P. , Müller P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProcedural modeling is used across many industries for rapid 3D content creation. However, professional procedural tools often lack artistic control, requiring manual edits on baked results, diminishing the advantages of a procedural modeling pipeline. Previous approaches to enable local artistic control require special annotations of the procedural system and manual exploration of potential edit locations. Therefore, we propose a novel approach to discover meaningful and non‐redundant good edit locations (GELs). We introduce a bottom‐up algorithm for finding GELs directly from the attributes in procedural models, without special annotations. To make attribute edits at GELs persistent, we analyze their local spatial context and construct a meta‐locator to uniquely specify their structure. Meta‐locators are calculated independently per attribute, making them robust against changes in the procedural system. Functions on meta‐locators enable intuitive and robust multi‐selections. Finally, we introduce an algorithm to transfer meta‐locators to a different procedural model. We show that our approach greatly simplifies the exploration of the local edit space, and we demonstrate its usefulness in a user study and multiple real‐world examples.
A Subspace Method for Fast Locally Injective Harmonic Mapping
Authors: Hefetz Eden Fedida , Chien Edward , Weber Ofir 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a fast algorithm for low‐distortion locally injective harmonic mappings of genus 0 triangle meshes with and without cone singularities. The algorithm consists of two portions, a linear subspace analysis and construction, and a nonlinear non‐convex optimization for determination of a mapping within the reduced subspace. The subspace is the space of solutions to the Harmonic Global Parametrization (HGP) linear system [BCW17], and only vertex positions near cones are utilized, decoupling the variable count from the mesh density. A key insight shows how to construct the linear subspace at a cost comparable to that of a linear solve, extracting a very small set of elements from the inverse of the matrix without explicitly calculating it. With a variable count on the order of the number of cones, a tangential alternating projection method [HCW17] and a subsequent Newton optimization [CW17] are used to quickly find a low‐distortion locally injective mapping. This mapping determination is typically much faster than the subspace construction. Experiments demonstrating its speed and efficacy are shown, and we find it to be an order of magnitude faster than HGP and other alternatives.
Learning‐Based Animation of Clothing for Virtual Try‐On
Authors: Santesteban Igor , Otaduy Miguel A. , Casas Dan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a learning‐based clothing animation method for highly efficient virtual try‐on simulation. Given a garment, we preprocess a rich database of physically‐based dressed character simulations, for multiple body shapes and animations. Then, using this database, we train a learning‐based model of cloth drape and wrinkles, as a function of body shape and dynamics. We propose a model that separates global garment fit, due to body shape, from local garment wrinkles, due to both pose dynamics and body shape. We use a recurrent neural network to regress garment wrinkles, and we achieve highly plausible nonlinear effects, in contrast to the blending artifacts suffered by previous methods. At runtime, dynamic virtual try‐on animations are produced in just a few milliseconds for garments with thousands of triangles. We show qualitative and quantitative analysis of results.
A Review of Digital Terrain Modeling
Authors: Galin Eric , Guérin Eric , Peytavie Adrien , Cordonnier Guillaume , Cani Marie‐Paule , Benes Bedrich , Gain James 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTerrains are a crucial component of three‐dimensional scenes and are present in many Computer Graphics applications. Terrain modeling methods focus on capturing landforms in all their intricate detail, including eroded valleys arising from the interplay of varied phenomena, dendritic mountain ranges, and complex river networks. Set against this visual complexity is the need for user control over terrain features, without which designers are unable to adequately express their artistic intent. This article provides an overview of current terrain modeling and authoring techniques, organized according to three categories: procedural modeling, physically‐based simulation of erosion and land formation processes, and example‐based methods driven by scanned terrain data. We compare and contrast these techniques according to several criteria, specifically: the variety of achievable landforms; realism from both a perceptual and geomorphological perspective; issues of scale in terms of terrain extent and sampling precision; the different interaction metaphors and attendant forms of user‐control, and computation and memory performance. We conclude with an in‐depth discussion of possible research directions and outstanding technical and scientific challenges.
Clinical, radiographic, and restorative peri‐implant measurements of narrow and standard diameter implants in obese and nonobese patients: A 3‐year retrospective follow‐up study
Authors: Alshiddi Ibraheem F. , Alsahhaf Abdulaziz , Alshagroud Rana S. , Al‐Aali Khulud A. , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is dearth of studies assessing clinical, restorative, and radiographic peri‐implant outcomes around narrow diameter implants (NDIs) and standard diameter implants (SDIs) in obese and nonobese subjects.ObjectiveTo assess clinical, restorative, and radiographic parameters of NDIs and SDIs placed in obese and nonobese individuals.Materials and MethodsObese and nonobese patients requiring NDIs and SDIs in the anterior maxilla/mandible were included. Based on the implant diameter, participants were further divided into two subgroups: (a) NDIs (3.3 mm) and (b) SDIs (4.1 mm). Peri‐implant clinical measurements including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and radiographic crestal bone loss (CBL) were evaluated around NDIs and SDIs at 1 and 3‐year follow‐up.ResultsA total of 70 patients (35 obese and 35 nonobese) were included. Only BOP showed statistically significant differences between both the groups at patient level at 1 and 3‐year follow‐up (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in PI and PD around NDIs and SDIs between obese and nonobase patients. Statistical significant differences were observed in the total CBL around NDIs and RDIs among obese and nonbase subjects at 3 year follow‐up (P < .05).ConclusionBoth NDIs and SDIs show consistent clinical stability among obese and nonobase patients. Higher amount of bone loss was observed in obese patients compared to nonobase patients despite regular hygiene maintenance.
Habitat changes and population dynamics of fishes in a stream with forest floor degradation due to deer overconsumption in its catchment area
Authors: Nakagawa Hikaru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractForest degradation caused by deer overabundance has become a worldwide problem in recent decades. Overgrazing by deer not only affects terrestrial ecosystems but also spreads to aquatic ecosystems. Mass consumption of forest floor vegetation by deer creates denuded slopes and increases sediment inputs into adjacent rivers. In addition, rivers have upstream–downstream continuum structures, whereby the effects of degradation events in forests at upstream sites may spread to larger ecosystems downstream. However, few studies have examined the indirect effects of deer overabundance on downstream ecosystems. I examined the relationships between population dynamics of 13 fish species and habitat characteristics at a downstream site over the course of 11 years after forest floor degradation by deer overconsumption in a 36.5‐km2 catchment area of the Yura River in the Ashiu Research Forest, Japan, which is well‐protected from anthropogenic influences. During my 11 years of observation, characteristics of stream habitats changed from a predominantly coarse substrate to a fine substrate. I observed a remarkable decrease in one species (Tribolodon hakonensis) and increase in another species (Pseudogobio esocinus), and these changes were reasonably consistent with the increase or decrease in their preferred habitat types in the sampling site. This study showed long‐term habitat changes in a stream after forest floor degradation due to deer overconsumption in its catchment area and demonstrated that fish populations reacted to these changes. This study suggests that catchment‐level management, including forest ecosystem conservation, is necessary to solve fundamental problems in stream ecosystems.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support following liver transplantation—A case series
Authors: Goussous Naeem , Akbar Hashem , LaMattina John C. , Hanish Steven I. , Barth Rolf N. , Bruno David A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative severe cardiopulmonary failure carries a high rate of mortality. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used as a salvage therapy when conventional therapies fail.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our experience with ECMO support in the early postoperative period after liver transplant between September 2011 and May 2016.ResultsOut of 537 liver transplants performed at our institution, seven patients required ECMO support with a median age of 52 and a median MELD score of 28. Veno‐venous ECMO was used in four patients with severe respiratory failure while the rest required veno‐arterial ECMO for circulatory failure. The median time from transplant to cannulation was 3 days with a median duration of ECMO support of 7 days. All patients except one were successfully decannulated. The median hospital length of stay was 58 days with an in‐hospital mortality of 28.6%.ConclusionExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be considered a viable rescue therapy in the setting of severe postoperative cardiopulmonary failure. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy was successful in saving patients who were otherwise unsalvageable.
Antifungal prophylaxis in lung transplant: A survey of United States' transplant centers
Authors: Pennington Kelly M. , Yost Kathleen J. , Escalante Patricio , Razonable Raymund R. , Kennedy Cassie C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntifungal prophylaxis strategies for lung transplant recipients vary without consensus or standard of care. Our current study aims to identify antifungal prophylaxis practices in the United States.MethodsFrom November 29, 2018, to February 15, 2019, we emailed surveys to medical directors of adult lung transplant centers. An alternate physician representative was approached if continued non‐response after three survey attempts. Descriptive statistics were used to report findings.ResultsForty‐four of 62 (71.0%) eligible centers responded. All Organ Procurement and Transplantation Networks were represented. Only four (9.1%) centers used pre‐transplant prophylaxis for prevention of tracheobronchitis (3 of 4) and invasive fungal disease (4 of 4). Thirty‐nine of forty (97.5%) centers used post‐transplant prophylaxis: 36 (90.0%) universal and 3 (7.5%) pre‐emptive/selective prophylaxis. Most centers used nebulized amphotericin with a systemic agent (26 of 36, 72.2%). Thirty‐two of thirty‐six (88.9%) centers continued universal prophylaxis beyond the hospital setting. Duration of prophylaxis ranged from the post‐transplant hospitalization to lifelong with most centers (25 of 36, 69.4%) discontinuing prophylaxis 6 months or less post‐transplant.ConclusionMost United States' lung transplant centers utilize a universal prophylaxis with nebulized amphotericin and a systemic triazole for 6 months or less post‐transplant. Very few centers use pre‐transplant antifungal prophylaxis.
Risk intentions following pill test scenarios are predicted by MDMA use history and sensation seeking: A quantitative field study at an Australian music festival
Authors: Hollett Ross C. , Gately Natalie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsMost Australian Governments have resisted supporting formal pill testing (drug checking) at music festivals. With limited knowledge available regarding post‐pill test substance use behaviour, we aimed to understand risk behaviour within three pill test scenarios by determining the individual factors which predict subsequent risky or risk reduction intentions.Design and MethodsMusic festival attendees (N = 276) were presented with three hypothetical pill test scenarios and reported their risk intentions, MDMA use history and sensation seeking. The pill test scenarios described an inconclusive test (unknown substance), the detection of a high MDMA dose, or a harmful adulterant (PMA or PMMA).ResultsFindings revealed that access to pill test results would facilitate reduced risk behaviour rather than maintained or increased risk behaviour for people who have never used MDMA. However, people who have used MDMA were not necessarily more likely to engage in risk reduction following a pill test. Furthermore, and using predictive analyses, harm‐reducing behaviours are less likely when a person has a history of MDMA use and for those high in sensation seeking, particularly if a test result indicates a high MDMA dose.Discussion and ConclusionsPill testing alone may not prevent adverse outcomes in some festival attendees. While some individuals are more likely to reduce their risk than maintain or increase their risk, other features of a pill test scenario (e.g. referral to support services, drug education) are likely to be important facilitators of harm reduction intentions.
Fungal colonization patterns in necrotic rootstocks and stem bases of dieback‐affected Fraxinus excelsior L.
Authors: Meyn Robert , Langer Gitta Jutta , Gross Andrin , Langer Ewald Johannes 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEuropean ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees currently face the major threat of ash dieback caused by an invasive fungus, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Collar rots in F. excelsior have been increasingly associated with infections by this pathogen. However, the aetiology of the collar rots is still unclear and remains heavily debated. In contrast to most studies of this kind, entire rootstocks of four diseased ash trees were dug out to examine necrotic tissues in these rootstocks and stem bases in detail and to sample necrotic wood for fungal isolation. With the aid of morphological and molecular identification techniques, five to twelve fungal taxa were detected per tree. Members of the Nectriaceae family and Botryosphaeria stevensii, the causal agent of stem and branch cankers on many tree species, were frequently isolated from outer xylem. In contrast, H. fraxineus was the dominating species in interior wood layers. Microsatellite genotyping of 77 H. fraxineus isolates helped to identify up to six different genotypes per tree. The role of H. fraxineus and other isolated fungi in the aetiology of ash collar rots are discussed.
The 3×1 Programme and criminal violence in Mexico
Authors: GARCÍA ANA ISABEL LÓPEZ 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAre levels of criminal violence lower where emigrants collaborate with the state authorities in the funding and provision of public goods and services? In this article, I examine the causal effect on violence levels in the municipalities participating in Mexico's Three‐for‐One (3×1) Programme for Migrants. Using municipal‐level data for the period between 2001 and 2010, the analysis shows that the implementation of this programme led to an increase in violence in the municipalities in question, and that this effect is driven by the ‘war on drugs’ initiated by the Mexican government in 2006. Because cartels splinter when kingpins are captured, they look for sources of revenue other than drug smuggling. The budgetary gains obtained via the 3×1 Programme inadvertently increased the returns of extortion and directed the attention of organized criminals to the participant municipalities. The evidence highlights some of the unintended effects that the leveraging of emigrants' money may have in home countries where governments make the so‐called ‘kingpin strategy’ a centrepiece of their security strategy.
Increased tumour angiogenesis in SOX11‐positive mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Petrakis Georgios , Veloza Luis , Clot Guillem , Gine Eva , Gonzalez‐Farre Blanca , Navarro Alba , Bea Silvia , Martínez Antonio , Lopez‐Guillermo Armando , Amador Virginia , Ribera‐Cortada Inmaculada , Campo Elias 
Published: June 2019

AimsMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogeneous disease with an aggressive behaviour in most cases, which is associated with expression of sex determining region‐Y‐box11 (SOX11). Experimental studies have shown that SOX11 expression is associated with an angiogenic switch characterised by increased expression of angiogenic‐related signatures and vascularisation of murine tumours. However, the relationship between angiogenesis and SOX11 expression in primary tumours is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the development of microvascular angiogenesis in primary MCL in relation to SOX11 expression and its potential prognostic value.Methods and resultsFifty‐six patients diagnosed with MCL, 38 SOX11‐positive and 18 SOX11‐negative, were studied. The relative intratumoral microvascular area (MVA) and microvessel density (MVD) (number of intratumoral microvessels/μm2) were measured on CD34‐stained slides using a computerised image analysis system. SOX11‐positive MCL showed a significant higher microvascular development than negative tumours (median MVA = 14.5 × 10−3 versus 5.0 × 10−3 P < 0.001; median MVD = 18.6/μm2 versus 14.2/μm2, P = 0.021). Analysing the MVA and MVD as continuous variables, a high MVD was associated with shorter overall survival (P = 0.004), and a similar tendency was observed for high MVA (P = 0.064). The microvascular development was not related to the Ki‐67 proliferative index or 17p/TP53, 9p or 11q alterations.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that SOX11 promotes an angiogenic phenotype in primary MCL, which may contribute to the more aggressive behaviour of these tumours.