bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstate Cooperation Regarding Reparations for Victims
Authors: Zúñiga Reyes Marcela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights set important standards on the obligation to cooperate in cases of gross human rights violations. In the Julien Grisonas v. Argentina case, the Inter-American Court recently ordered Argentina to coordinate interstate efforts, through the creation of a working group, to investigate the serious violations of human rights that occurred in this case and in the context of “Operation Condor.” In particular, the reparation measure included third states that were not involved in the case. This decision raises at least two questions: Can the Inter-American Court compel third states to comply with a reparation measure under the obligation to cooperate and the principle of collective guarantee? Second, does this decision open the debate about shared responsibility in the Inter-American Human Rights System?
Let There Be Light! Regime Hybridity as a Reinvention of (Different Dimensions of) the Democratic Paradox
Authors: Matwijkiw Anja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Regime hybridity occupies the gray zone in political governance discourse by cutting across the distinction between democracy and non-democracy. This essay relies on a mixed regime and crime typology to facilitate an interdisciplinary comprehension of the phenomenon, as well as the two poles that demarcate the ideal and the antithesis to this, namely, liberal democracy and authoritarianism. The contribution shows that hybridity opens up for the democratic paradox in various ways while at the same time problematizing relevant perceptions and assumptions that flow from liberal outlooks. The advantage of the ideal cannot be taken for granted. E.g., the principle versus power contrast is not unique for realpolitik, which also comes with a relativization factor for key concepts. Country-specific cases from the EU forum provide informative examples on the difficulty of finding light at the end of the tunnel. In particular, the contribution may inspire continued and thoughtful reflection in the case of Ukraine.
Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS Economic Court)
Authors: Douhan Alena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The CIS Economic Court is a regional international court established as a means for settlement of economic disputes between new independent states in the post-Soviet territory in 1992. The Court has effectively worked for the period between 1992 and 2017, exercised functions of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union until 2012, and changed to “sleeping” sessional work in 2017. Rules of procedure of the CIS Economic Court have been reviewed in 2023 to “vitalize” functioning of the Court and ensure settlement of disputes in the areas not covered by other international courts. In its work, the CIS Economic Court has focused on the interpretation of multiple international agreements concluded within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States due to the framework character of the latter, as well as decisions of the CIS organs. The CIS Economic Court played an important role in the establishment, formulation, and interpretation of the law of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
European Free Trade Association Court (EFTA Court)
Authors: Hreinsson Páll , Einarsson Ólafur Jóhannes 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this introductory note, the case law of the EFTA Court in 2022 and the first half of 2023 is covered. The introductory note also serves as a brief introduction to European Economic Area (EEA) law and the EEA Agreement. During this period, the Court dealt with cases in the fields of competition and state aid, workers and social security, public procurement and taxation, in addition to interesting questions regarding the fundamentals of EEA law and the four freedoms. The most significant case of the period is the Court’s judgment in Telenor, whereas its continued case law on the Social Security Regulation and its judgment in the case of RS are also noteworthy. This introductory note provides a summary of these judgments and a few others, which together form the most significant judgments of the EFTA Court in the period covered.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR)
Authors: Manrique Ricardo C. Pérez 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In year 2022, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights issued a significant number of decisions, comprising twenty-five judgements on merits, nine on interpretation, and an advisory opinion. Additionally, it set a new record by delivering fifty-eight orders pertaining to the monitoring of compliance with judgements, along with sixteen orders relating to provisional measures. Through this period, the Inter-American Court effectively reinforced its jurisprudential stance on various crucial matters. These encompassed violations of economic, social, and cultural rights; the issue of discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals; and instances of breaching procedural guarantees. It is worth noting that amidst these affirmations of existing jurisprudence, the Court also embarked on the development of fresh legal reasoning. This was evident in its approach to complex subjects such as freedom of speech, obstetric violence, incarcerated individuals, and environmental defenders. Moreover, the Court exhibited a perspective concerning forced disappearances, along with a thorough examination of its gender dimension’s impact. The legal information included in this edition of the Yearbook shed light on some of these advances in the Court's jurisprudence.
UN Human Rights Committee (UNHRC)
Authors: Desierto Diane A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The UN Human Rights Committee’s Views (1 January 2022–31 July 2023)—a total of ninety publicly available decisions (Views) issued to states parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)— reflect the Committee’s assessment of emergency and law enforcement measures from authoritarian and semi-authoritarian regimes around the world, in both peacetime situations and armed conflicts. Violent and repressive governmental measures are escalating against civilians, journalists, civil society organizations, religious organizations, and workers’ associations—often justified as emergency measures to enforce public order and respond to alleged terrorist threats. The UN Human Rights Committee found breaches of the ICCPR by states parties in sixty-five of its ninety Views, with only one decision on the merits (View) finding that a state did not violate the ICCPR, twenty-three decisions on the inadmissibility of authors’ communications, and one decision declaring admissibility and not yet in the merits phase.
Self-consistent N-body simulation of planetesimal-driven migration. I. The trajectories of single planets in the uniform background
Authors: Jinno Tenri , Saitoh Takayuki R , Funato Yoko , Makino Junichiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent exoplanet observations have revealed a diversity of exoplanetary systems, which suggests the ubiquity of radial planetary migration. One powerful known mechanism of planetary migration is planetesimal-driven migration (PDM), which can let planets undergo significant migration through gravitational scattering with planetesimals. In this series of papers, we present the results of our high-resolution, self-consistent N-body simulations of PDM, in which gravitational interactions among planetesimals, the gas drag, and Type I migration are all taken into account. In this first paper (Paper I), we investigate the migration of a single planet through PDM within the framework of the classical standard disk model (the minimum-mass solar nebula model). Paper I aims to improve our understanding of planetary migration through PDM, addressing previously unexplored aspects of both the gravitational interactions among planetesimals and the interactions with disk gas. Our results show that even small protoplanets can actively migrate through PDM. Such active migration can act as a rapid radial diffusion mechanism for protoplanets and significantly influence the early stages of planetary formation (i.e., during the runaway growth phase). Moreover, a fair fraction of planets migrate outward. This outward migration may offer a potential solution for the “planet migration problem” caused by Type I migration and gives a natural mechanism for outward migration assumed in many recent scenarios for the formation of outer planets.
Limits to dynamic range in GHz-THz single-dish planetary spectra
Authors: Greaves J S 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
When bright solar-system objects are observed by GHz-THz regime telescopes, off-axis signals bounce around locally and re-enter the signal path with a time delay, causing sinusoidal ripples in output spectra. Ripples that are unstable over time are challenging to remove. A typical detection limit for planetary spectral lines is a fraction $\sim 10^{-3}$ of continuum signal, restricting searches for minor atmospheric trace-gases. Modern wideband spectra of Venus demonstrate a plethora of effects, at three example telescopes spanning nearly a factor-of-50 in frequency. Characterization of instrumental effects as families of pure sine-waves via Fourier-analysis is shown to improve dynamic-range by factors of a few. An example upper limit on sulphuric acid (H$_2$SO$_4$) vapour in Venus’ mesosphere, from fully automated data-cleaning of a 3.5 GHz band containing 10 line components, goes as deep as the best previously published limit. The most challenging cases are searches for single lines of width comparable to ripple periods. Traditional polynomial-fitting approaches can be deployed to test for false positives, to demonstrate robustness at a level of zero ‘fake lines’ in &gt;1000 comparisons. Fourier-based data-cleaning avoids subjectivity and can be fully automated, and synthetic spectra can be injected before processing to test to what degree signals are lost in cleaning. An ideal robustness strategy is mitigation at the data-acquisition stage, e.g. using slow drifts in target-velocity with respect to the telescope to isolate a planetary line from a quasi-static instrumental ripple pattern.
Predictors of the effectiveness of first-line CTLA4-Ig in patients with RA: the FIRST registry
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroki , Miyazaki Yusuke , Nakayamada Shingo , Hanami Kentaro , Fukuyo Shunsuke , Kubo Satoshi , Yamaguchi Ayako , Inoue Yoshino , Todoroki Yasuyuki , Miyata Hiroko , Tanaka Hiroaki , Fujino Yoshihisa , Hirata Shintaro , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to elucidate which bio-naïve patients with RA are suitable for treatment with CTLA4-Ig.

Methods
This study enrolled 953 patients with RA who were administered their first biological DMARD (CTLA4-Ig, n = 328; tumour necrosis factor inhibitor [TNFi], n = 625) from July 2013 to August 2022. The primary outcome was the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) remission rate at week 24 in each group, adjusted using propensity score (PS)-based inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

Results
After minimizing selection bias using PS-based IPTW, the CDAI remission showed no significant difference between the CTLA4-Ig and TNFi groups (P = 0.464). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified low baseline HAQ–Disability Index (DI) scores as a contributing factor to the CDAI remission rate at week 24 in both groups, along with high baseline ACPA levels in the CTLA4-Ig group. However, among patients with high baseline HAQ-DI scores and low baseline ACPA levels (≦57.2), the CDAI remission rate was significantly higher in the TNFi group (29.8%) compared with the CTLA4-Ig group (5.9%, P &lt; 0.0001). Among patients with high baseline HAQ-DI scores and ACPA levels (&gt;57.2), the CDAI remission rate was significantly higher in the CTLA4-Ig group (35.6%) compared with the TNFi group (22.1%, P = 0.0057).

Conclusion
Bio-naive RA patients with low HAQ-DI scores showed high treatment efficacy with no significant difference between CTLA4-Ig and TNFi. Among patients with high baseline HAQ-DI scores, TNFi and CTLA4-Ig were more likely to be effective in those with lower and higher baseline ACPA levels, respectively.
Inclusion body myositis and immunosenescence: current evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Allameen Nur Azizah , Salam Sharfaraz , Reddy Venkat , Machado Pedro M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
IBM remains an enigmatic and complex muscle disorder where a deeper understanding of disease pathomechanisms and the identification of potential genetic contributors represent an unmet need. The absence of effective treatments has spurred endeavours to reassess the interplay between degeneration, including autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction and proteasomal dysregulation, and autoimmunity. IBM is unique among the other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies owing to its molecular signature involving highly differentiated cytotoxic T cells that evade immune regulation. This has led to a resurgence of interest in the development of immunomodulatory therapy. This review discusses the potential role of cellular immunosenescence in sustaining inflammation and/or fibrotic remodelling observed in IBM and appraises the rationale for some potential therapeutic approaches to mitigate disease progression.
Leveraging foundation and large language models in medical artificial intelligence
Authors: Wong Io Nam , Monteiro Olivia , Baptista-Hon Daniel T. , Wang Kai , Lu Wenyang , Sun Zhuo , Nie Sheng , Yin Yun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of medical artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the widespread adoption of foundational and large language models. This review paper explores their applications within medical AI, introducing a novel classification framework that categorizes them as disease-specific, general-domain, and multi-modal models. The paper also addresses key challenges such as data acquisition and augmentation, including issues related to data volume, annotation, multi-modal fusion, and privacy concerns. Additionally, it discusses the evaluation, validation, limitations, and regulation of medical AI models, emphasizing their transformative potential in healthcare. The importance of continuous improvement, data security, standardized evaluations, and collaborative approaches is highlighted to ensure the responsible and effective integration of AI into clinical applications.
Two Cases of FAVA With an Uncommon Localization in Adults
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Angel , Martínez-Amo José Luis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract:
The fibroadipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a relatively unknown vascular anomaly in the realm of adult dermatopathology. Despite its intramuscular location, dermatologists often encounter cases, approaching them surgically under the presumption of a potential lipoma. This entity was first described in 2014, and consequently, many FAVA cases may be concealed in our archives under diagnoses of other entities that require differential diagnoses, such as intramuscular fast-flow vascular anomaly. Clinically, these anomalies typically manifest preferably in young women or girls and predominantly in the extremities. In this article, we present 2 cases of FAVA with atypical clinical features in terms of their topography and age at onset. However, histopathologically, they exhibit typical characteristics with fibroadipose tissue and dysmorphic venous vessels dissecting the affected striated muscle.
The Need for Higher Levels of Evidence in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Wang Jennifer , Schafer Charles , Steele Thomas , Janis Jeffrey E. , Losken Albert 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Evidence-based medicine in plastic surgery is essential to provide optimal care to individual patients. Level of evidence (LOE) and number of citations are metrics used to gauge quality of research and impact within a field, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine an association between LOE and number of citations within recently published articles in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS).

Methods:
A review of original research articles published in PRS from January 2018 to June 2022 was performed. LOE was identified through the PRS website, and the number of citations identified via PubMed. Articles were further divided into sections of their corresponding topic.

Results:
A total of 965 articles were reviewed, of which 21 (2.2%) were articles assigned level I evidence. There were 147 (15.2%) level II articles, 360 (37.3%) level III articles, 377 (39.1%) level IV articles, and 60 (6.2%) level V articles. The average number of citations per article was 2.72, and the average LOE of all included articles was 3.31. Level I articles had an average of 4.95 citations, whereas level II, III, IV, and V articles had averages of 2.95, 2.54, 2.64, and 2.71, respectively. Breast articles were cited on average 3.85 times each, more than any other type of article.

Conclusions:
Our data show that articles assigned level I evidence in PRS trend toward higher numbers of citations compared with articles assigned lower LOEs. These findings should encourage investigators to publish high-quality research to advance the field of plastic surgery.
Experience of Hyperbaric Chamber Usage in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Practice for Recovery and Complication Prevention
Authors: Aguilar Hugo A. , Ramírez Brian A. , Serrano Hector M. , Villabona Silvia J. , Hoyos Alfredo E. , Varela Agustina 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) increases oxygen concentration in affected tissues that enhance the cellular hypoxia recovery process, neovascularization, fibroblast proliferation, increased reactive oxygen species, suppression of proinflammatory states, and vascular compression. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the experience in the use of the hyperbaric chamber as an adjunctive management for the prompt recovery of patients who underwent aesthetic plastic surgery.

Methods:
A retrospective descriptive study was conducted between 2021 and 2023, involving 296 patients who received HBOT after aesthetic surgical procedures, to demonstrate the recuperation time rate and the complication incidence in postoperative patients using HBOT.

Results:
Most participants were women, with a median age of 33.5 years. Surgical procedures were grouped in liposculpture, abdominoplasty, and breast interventions. Complications related to the surgical event were low (10.7%), with occurrences of hematomas (n = 14, 4.72%), anemias (n = 9, 3.04%), and wound dehiscence (n = 8, 2.70%). There were no reports of surgical site infections or necrosis. Recovery times to get back to work were 10 days for liposuction, 3 days for breast interventions, and 21 days for abdominoplasty.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated the experience of using a postoperative hyperbaric chamber in aesthetic plastic surgery to promote recovery processes. The patient cohort in this study showed shortened recovery times than the data obtained from the major international plastic surgery organizations. Also, HBOT patients had a low complication rate, without infections, indicating the potential efficacy of this adjunctive therapy. Overall, this study underscores the promising role of hyperbaric chamber therapy in facilitating postoperative recovery and mitigating complications.
Off-Centered DMEK Grafts: Impact and Resolution
Authors: Romano Vito , Airaldi Matteo , Romano Davide , Miglio Francesco , Borgia Alfredo , Parekh Mohit , Semeraro Francesco , Pereira Nicolas Cesário 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of off-centered Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts compared to descemetorhexis.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series of DMEK procedures conducted between June 2022 and July 2023 with postoperative graft decentration, characterized by a gap between the graft and descemetorhexis edge.

Results:
Eight eyes of 8 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average gap between the descemetorhexis edge and DMEK graft was 911.2 μm (range 306–1468). The resulting focal peripheral edema overlying the gap resolved in all cases, with a median time of 3 months. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.49 (±0.26) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution to 0.01 (±0.02) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution at 12 months (P = 0.003). Central corneal thickness decreased from 646.5 (±177.8) μm to 473.7 (±29.6) μm at 12 months (P = 0.05). One eye, in the overlapped area of host–donor Descemet membranes, had small peripheral partial graft detachment less than one-third of graft surface area. No eyes required graft rebubbling. A larger descemetorhexis to DMEK gap showed a trend toward longer resolution times (P = 0.06). Focal edema in the inferonasal periphery took longer to recover compared with the nasal position (P = 0.01). Larger descemetorhexis to DMEK gaps did not significantly influence the longitudinal visual acuity trend (P = 0.75).

Conclusions:
Decentered DMEK, characterized by a gap between the graft and descemetorhexis edge, leads to focal stromal edema that diminishes over time, with no impact on final visual acuity.
A Preliminary Study of the Relevance of Zhu You Shu and Narrative Medicine
Authors: SUN Qimeng , ZHAO Lan , BAI Xuerui , JIANG Jiabao , QIU Nan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Zhu You Shu (祝由术 a form of traditional Chinese spiritual healing) originated and was extensively utilized in China. This paper illustrates the origin, concept and techniques of Zhu You Shu in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and explores the correlation between Zhu You Shu and the three focuses and three elements of narrative medicine. The elements of Zhu You Shu, such as Zhu Shuo Bing You (祝说病由 explaining the original cause of the disease) and Qing Zhi Xiang Sheng (情志相胜 generation and restraint of emotions) share fundamental similarities with narrative medicine. Based on the principles and the interoperability of Zhu You Shu and narrative medicine, the doctor engages in active listening and communication with the patient to establish a trusting relationship. Utilizing the Qing Zhi Xiang Sheng technique, the doctor seeks to understand and regulate the patient’s psychological processes. By integrating psychological cues, the aim is to restore emotional balance and enhance the patient’s emotional and mental well-being while fostering a lasting emotional bond and providing spiritual support. Zhu You Shu has the potential to enhance the clinical pathway of narrative medicine in TCM. Simultaneously, the progress of narrative medicine will offer more sophisticated contemporary medical theories to assist the advancement of Zhu You Shu.
Doctor-patient Narrative Re-discovered from Overseas Traditional Chinese Medicine Practices
Authors: SHEN Chengju , YANG Yidan , LI Zhenyi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The doctor-patient narrative has been revisited and appreciated in both the West and the East due to the negative impact of biochemical medicine in the past two centuries on healthcare. Biochemical medicine system simply marginalized the roles of doctors and patients. More research and practice of “doctor’s benevolence” and “humanistic medicine” have called for the return of the doctor-patient narrative. This paper draws on interviews with several non-Chinese overseas traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners, whose clients are also non-Chinese. We adopted discourse analysis to explore our data. We found that they actively engaged in doctor-patient narrative with localized interpretation of TCM. We believe such a return to basic doctor-patient narrative is caused by fundamental needs for doctor-patient narrative coinciding with loose control of TCM practices in the studied countries. This discovery may inspire further study on re-establishing doctor-patient narratives in healthcare institutions by re-positioning biochemical medicine.