bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining risk‐adapted starting age and interval for breast cancer screening based on reproductive and hormonal factors
Authors: Hoang Tung , Lee Jeonghee , Jung So‐Youn , Kim Jeongseon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the risk of developing breast cancer (BC) by reproductive and hormonal profiles to suggest risk‐adapted starting screening ages and to investigate risks after negative mammography results to inform screening intervals in the Korean setting. Participants who performed health examinations between 2002 and 2023 at the National Cancer Center were analyzed. Risk‐adapted starting age of screening was defined as the age at which women with various reproductive and hormonal profiles obtained a 10‐year cumulative risk level similar to women aged 40 years in the general population. The Cox progression model was used to assess BC risk according to the reproductive and hormonal score and time since the last negative mammography. Of the 24,597 women enrolled in this study, 606 had BC (median follow‐up 13.2 years, IQR = 9.5–16.5 years). The 10‐year cumulative risk of BC at age 40 years in general women was estimated at 2.35%. Women with different reproductive and hormonal profiles reached this risk level 8.55 years earlier to 4.61 years later. We found that women with various reproductive and hormonal profiles had similar incident cases in both low‐ and high‐score groups beyond 5 years after a negative finding from mammography (p > .05), compared to those screened within 0 to <2 years after negative screening results. This study identifies possible risk‐based starting ages for BC screening based on reproductive and hormonal factors. Our findings suggest that extending the current biennial screening interval beyond 5 years may still detect a comparable number of cases.
Type II diabetes and metformin use does not affect colorectal cancer prognosis
Authors: Shahrivar Mehrnoosh , Dietrich Caroline E. , Glimelius Bengt , Saraste Deborah , Martling Anna , Buchli Christian , Nordenvall Caroline 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrevious studies on the impact of metformin and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes have been limited by small size and confounding by indication, yielding inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to assess whether diabetes and pre‐diagnostic metformin use influence CRC prognosis. The study was performed using the Colorectal Cancer Data Base Sweden, a register‐linkage originating from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register with linkage to national health care registers and demographic registers. All adult patients diagnosed with primary non‐metastatic CRC between 2007 and 2016, treated with curative surgery, were identified and followed up from 90 days post‐surgery until December 31, 2022. Antidiabetic medication use was defined as dispensed prescription ≥6 months of use within 1 year of surgery. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were divided into three treatment groups (i) diet only, (ii) metformin user, and (iii) non‐metformin user. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for time to recurrence, CRC‐specific, and all‐cause mortality, adjusted for relevant covariates. Of 33,028 non‐metastatic CRC patients, 4539 (13.7%) had T2DM, with 1745 using metformin. A T2DM diagnosis was not associated with increased recurrence rate or CRC‐specific mortality; HRadj 0.97 (95% CI 0.89–1.06) and HRadj 0.95 (95% CI 0.87–1.05), respectively, compared with non‐diabetic patients. Furthermore, no association between T2DM, metformin use, and recurrence or CRC‐specific mortality was seen, HRadj 0.98 (95% CI 0.86–1.12) and HRadj 0.98 (95% CI 0.85–1.13), respectively. T2DM is not associated with an elevated recurrence or CRC‐specific mortality. Additionally, metformin use does not impact CRC prognosis.
Erythrosine‐Induced Neurotoxicity: Evaluating Enzymatic Dysfunction, Oxidative Damage, DNA Damage, and Histopathological Alterations in Wistar Rats
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Chadha Pooja 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTErythrosine, a synthetic red dye widely used in food products, has been linked to potential health risks, raising concerns about its safety. This study aimed to evaluate the subacute toxicity of the synthetic food dye erythrosine in the brains of Wistar rats. Twenty‐four 6‐ to 7‐week‐old female rats were randomly divided into four groups of six (n = 6); the control group and the other three groups, which were established on the basis of erythrosine's acceptable daily intake (ADI, 0.1 mg per kg body weight); 1/4 ADI, 1/2 ADI, and ADI; for 28 days. Significant alterations in the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were observed at all erythrosine dosages, with a substantial decline at ADI dosages (p ≤ 0.05). Increased oxidative stress markers, viz., malondialdehyde content and lactate dehydrogenase activity, were observed in ADI‐administered rats. The H2O2 content decreased at 1/4 ADI and 1/2 ADI dosages and thereafter increased with increasing dosage. The comet assay demonstrated that the ADI dosage for 28 days resulted in the most significant damage, as evidenced by the increased tail length, tail DNA percentage, and tail moment. Light microscopy revealed various anomalies in brain histology, such as atrophies, vacuolization, shrunken cells, pyknotic nuclei, and reduced cell density. The results of the present study demonstrated that erythrosine disrupts the normal histopathology of the brain, suppresses antioxidative and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity, and increases lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, thereby resulting in erythrosine toxicity even at doses lower than the ADI.
Validation of the Updated Alternate Fistula Risk Score for Prediction of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Limbu Yugal , Acharya Bidur Prasad , Raut Sneha , Regmee Sujan , Ghimire Roshan , Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Thapa Prabin Bikram 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a significant challenge following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), contributing to morbidity and mortality. Various risk assessment models have been established to predict the likelihood of POPF. An updated alternate fistula risk score (ua‐FRS) has been recently refined and validated within European cohorts. However, the validation of this score in South Asian cohorts remains relatively unexplored. This study aims to validate the applicability of ua‐FRS for the prediction of POPF in patients undergoing PD in the South Asian population, particularly Nepal.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, observational study was conducted by a single team across three tertiary care centers in Kathmandu, Nepal from July 2021 to October 2023. A total of 98 patients were studied in terms of their sex, body mass index (BMI), diameter of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), pancreatic consistency, pathological site, and estimated blood loss. The accuracy of ua‐FRS for the prediction of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy was evaluated using the receiver operative characteristics curve.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that sex, pancreatic gland texture, the diameter of the main pancreatic duct, the site of pathology, and BMI were statistically significant factors. However, in the multivariate analysis, only BMI and the diameter of the MPD retained their statistical significance, with p‐values less than 0.005. The ua‐FRS demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula, as evidenced by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.802.ConclusionThe ua‐FRS has validation in the context of the South Asian population to predict POPF following PD, offering a reliable tool to guide perioperative management.
Flashforward: The Current and Future Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy for Forensic Purposes
Authors: Alpuché Riley M. , Vyas Bhavik , Lednev Igor K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTVibrational spectroscopy combined with machine learning has a great potential for forensic applications. For example, handheld Raman spectroscopic instruments are already used by law enforcement agencies for precise, confirmatory identification of drugs. Beyond drug identification, several emerging technologies based on vibrational spectroscopy are currently under development for forensic investigative purposes, including the analysis of questioned documents, gunshot residue, fabrics, soil, hair, nails, and nail polish. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of vibrational spectroscopy in various areas of forensic analysis, particularly focusing on forensic serology and the analysis of trace evidences. In the case of forensic serology, the methodology allows for determining complex aspects of serological casework, including the time since deposition of a stain, as well as the phenotypic profile of the stain donor—namely, sex, race, and age. Furthermore, gunshot residues can be accurately identified by grain, caliber, and manufacturer when Raman spectroscopy is paired with machine learning. This integration of advanced spectroscopic techniques with machine learning holds great promise for furthering both the accuracy and efficiency of investigations, helping to reduce the total backlog of evidence investigation currently plaguing modern forensic laboratories.
A Natural Eumelanin‐Assisted Pullulan/Chitosan Hydrogel for the Management of Diabetic Oral Ulcers
Authors: Li Ying , Xiang Yajing , Chen Yuxi , Wang Yingying , Dong Wei , Liu Yan , Qi Xiaoliang , Shen Jianliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExisting methods for treating diabetic oral ulcers often fall short in clinical environments due to potential bacterial contamination, oxidative harm, and hindered angiogenesis throughout the healing process. Here, a hydrogel patch (HYG2) have been developed for local in situ application. HYG2 comprises oxidized pullulan, quaternized chitosan, and eumelanin nanoparticles derived from cuttlefish ink. These components work together to efficiently heal wounds associated with diabetic oral ulcers. Application begins with a simple local injection that quickly forms a protective barrier over the mucosa, effectively stopping bleeding and counteracting inflammatory agents. HYG2 is distinguished by its strong antibacterial properties and capacity to eliminate reactive oxygen species, promoting bacteria clearance and managing oxidative stress, which accelerates the healing phase from inflammation to tissue regeneration. Additionally, HYG2's 3D structure, incorporating elements from natural sources, offers exemplary support for structural and nutritional cell needs. This enhancement fosters cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, along with further angiogenesis during mucosal remodeling. Ultimately, HYG2 is fully absorbed by the body after serving its therapeutic functions. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies shows that HYG2 hydrogel markedly accelerates mucosal wound repair, making it a promising treatment for diabetic oral ulcers.
Search for Thiol‐Protected Gold Clusters Doped with Different Elements Using Dendrimers
Authors: Muramatsu Hisanori , Kambe Tetsuya , Tsukamoto Takamasa , Imaoka Takane , Yamamoto Kimihisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of thiol‐protected Au clusters MAu24(SR)18 containing different elements (M: different element, SR: thiol ligand) generally requires various steps. Therefore, the finding of a new MAu24(SR)18 cluster is not easy though it is necessary to take a great deal of effort to consider the synthesis. In this study, MAu24(SR)18 is searched for and attempted cluster synthesis using a dendrimer‐template method. It is also found that this method may be useful for exploring and discovering new clusters.
Boosting Phosphorescent Performance by a Three‐Component Doping of Coumarin Derivatives, Metal Salts Into Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Feng Hua , Su Zhongmin , Liang Fushun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMulti‐component doping has become an effective way to achieve efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence. In this paper, green phosphorescence emission from coumarin derivatives, i.e., coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid (CCA) and coumarin‐3‐carboxylic ester (CEt) are activated by doping them into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix (two component doping). Then, a series of metal salts (Ca2+, Al3+, Mn2+, and Zn2+) are added as the third component to construct three‐component doping system, with the aim to further improve the phosphorescence properties of the polymer films. Among them, CaCl2 can significantly increase the emission intensity (9.2 times), prolong the phosphorescence lifetime (up to 361 ms), and increase the phosphorescence quantum yield (from 1.02% to 9.19%). The results indicated that RTP emission can be activated by inhibiting the non‐radiative transition of coumarin derivatives embedded in the rigid PVA matrix. RTP performance can be further enhanced relying on the coordination effect between the coumarin guests and the metal salts. This study provides a simple and effective three‐component doping method for boosting polymer film‐based phosphorescence performance.
MOFs and MOF‐Based Composites for the Adsorptive Removal of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Bathula Sriyanjali , Thottathil Swathi , Puttaiahgowda Yashoda Malgar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn spite of greater efforts to address antibiotic resistance, Ciprofloxacin (CIP) buildup in the aqueous medium continues to rise. The negative effects of CIP on the environment can be minimized through a comprehensive understanding of the technological advancements in removal techniques. The exploration of adsorbents like metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), activated carbon, porous organic polymers, etc., have found major usage in the adsorptive removal of antibiotics to tackle contamination. This study aims to compare the MOF‐based adsorbents and provide a guide to developing such materials for the successful removal of CIP. The isotherm models of the adsorbents are studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips isotherms. Furthermore, pseudo‐second‐order, pseudo‐first order, intra‐particle diffusion, and Elovich models are used to study the kinetic models. The major mechanisms of adsorption, such as π–π interactions, H‐bonding, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and pore filling, are also analyzed. This study contributes to the future scope for the development of these MOFs for further exploration and applications in environmental remediation.
Decay character and global existence for weakly coupled system of semilinear σ$\sigma$‐evolution damped equations with time‐dependent damping
Authors: Anh Cung The , An Phan Duc , Duong Pham Trieu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the existence and decay rate of the global solution to the coupled system of semilinear structurally damped ‐evolution equations with time‐dependent damping in the so‐called effective cases
We obtain conditions for the existence and the decay estimates of the global (in time) solution that are expressed in terms of the decay character of the initial data and . Furthermore, the blow‐up results for solutions to the semilinear problem also presented.
Environmental Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review and Policy Implications
Authors: Atterling Brolin Kajsa , Schaeffer Eva , Kuri Ashvin , Rumrich Isabell Katharina , Schumacher Schuh Artur Francisco , Darweesh Sirwan K.L. , Kaasinen Valtteri , Tolppanen Anna‐Maija , Chahine Lana M. , Noyce Alastair J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe age‐standardized prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased substantially over the years and is expected to increase further. This emphasizes the need to identify modifiable risk factors of PD, which could form a logical entry point for the prevention of PD. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended reducing exposure to specific environmental factors that have been reported to be associated with PD, in particular pesticides, trichloroethylene (TCE), and air pollution. In this review we critically evaluate the epidemiological and biological evidence on the associations of these factors with PD and review evidence on whether these putative associations are causal. We conclude that when considered in isolation, it is difficult to determine whether these associations are causal, in large part because of the decades‐long lag between relevant exposures and the incidence of manifest PD. However, when considered in tandem with evidence from complementary research lines (such as animal models), it is increasingly likely that these associations reflect harmful causal effects. Fundamentally, whilst we highlight some evidence gaps that require further attention, we believe the current evidence base is sufficiently strong enough to support our call for stronger policy action. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Patient and Healthcare Provider Experience With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Northern Ontario, Canada: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Lightfoot Nancy , Marsh David , Mongeau Sherry , Boyko Susan , Nowrouzi‐Kia Behdin , Fabris Lucio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling common chronic inflammatory joint disease. In Ontario, the burden is higher in those aged 65 and older, in females, and in northern communities. This study examined patient disease impact and healthcare provider access and satisfaction as well as provider satisfaction, patient experience and educational suggestions.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews and reflexive thematic analysis were used.ResultsInterviews occurred with: (1) 18 Northern (N) Ontario patients, (2) 6 N Ontario family physicians, (3) 6 N Ontario pharmacists and (4) a rheumatologist and 4 advanced clinical practitioners in arthritis care (ACPACs) who treat N Ontario patients. Patients emphasised the need to: (1) act on early symptoms, (2) self‐advocate, (3) attract more N Ontario rheumatologists, (4) educate the public, (5) recognise that medication can change over time and (6) pace physical tasks. Satisfaction was expressed with providers. Family physicians mentioned the need to: (1) be front‐line educators, (2) commence initial treatment, (3) enhance undergraduate medical curricula and (4) require rheumatology rotations. Pharmacists expressed: (1) acting as patient educators, (2) assisting with insurance plans, (3) encouraging family physicians to commence treatment, (4) monitoring medication interactions and (5) professional collaboration. The ACPACs and rheumatologist stressed the value of: (1) patient advocates, (2) family physicians initiating treatment, (3) pharmacists monitoring for drug interactions, (4) expanding undergraduate medical school rheumatology curricula and (5) accessing local care.ConclusionAdditional patient and public education are needed. Enhancing undergraduate and graduate medical school rheumatology curricula, rotations, continuing rheumatology education and interprofessional collaboration were recommended.
Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) During Functional Activities or Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Espíndula Brehm Taís , Pang Bilby Anne Sofia , Guizzo Karla Zimmer , Marcolino Alexandre Márcio , Kuriki Heloyse Uliam , Barbosa Rafael Inácio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTENS is a non‐pharmacological adjunctive treatment commonly recommended for analgesic purposes, with widespread use and acceptance in clinical practice; however, its effects simultaneously with exercise are controversial, and there are gaps regarding its effectiveness and applicability, especially regarding the parameters and protocols used to treat pain. In view of this, the aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of TENS applied simultaneously with functional activities or exercises in the treatment of individuals with pain.MethodA bibliographic search was performed in electronic databases, including EMBASE, PubMED, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, and the grey literature. The search yielded a total of 634 articles, of which only six met the inclusion criteria and were analysed individually. Of the selected studies, four evaluated the simultaneous use of TENS in patients with chronic pain, one in patients with fatigue‐induced injury, and one in healthy subjects.ResultsThe articles selected for synthesis of the review were assessed using the RoB 2.0 risk of bias tool, which found that three of the included studies had a low risk of bias, while two studies were analysed as high risk and only one with some concern. It is concluded that the use of TENS in conjunction with functional activities and exercises may benefit people with pain.ConclusionThe studies showed that the use of TENS with high frequency and intensity at the sensory threshold and applied simultaneously with exercise produced more significant analgesic effects, but new clinical trials with robust methodological designs should be carried out.
Recent advances of natural product pesticide milbemycins from Streptomyces
Authors: Yang Xue , Du Guozhong , Li Xiaojin , Xiang Wensheng , Li Shanshan , Zhang Yanyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMilbemycins are a group of 16‐membered macrolides produced by the soil‐dwelling filamentous bacteria Streptomyces. Renowned for their potent acaricidal and insecticidal properties, combined with low toxicity, milbemycins are recognized as eco‐friendly biopesticides, vital for pest control and sustainable agricultural development. Over several decades, milbemycins have been extensively investigated, achieving significant progress, including advancements in their biological activities (such as insecticidal mechanisms and toxicity studies), biosynthetic and regulatory mechanisms, high‐yield strain engineering strategies, and the development of milbemycin‐derived commercial products for agricultural applications. This review discusses recent advances, current limitations, and ongoing and emerging efforts to overcome the limitations of milbemycin research. Finally, future research directions are outlined for the development of superior milbemycin‐producing cell factories to facilitate widespread application in the agricultural field.
Enhancement of toughness and gas barrier properties of PLA‐based films through bio‐based isosorbide dioctate: Synthesis, characterization, and application
Authors: Zhang Jianting , Wang Zihao , Wang Zhiheng , Yang Hong , Guo Weihong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA), as a bio‐based biodegradable material, has high tensile strength and modulus, but its low flexibility and poor barrier properties limit its application in packaging. In this study, Pullulan polysaccharide (Pullulan) and chain extenders (ADR4468) were selected to improve the properties of PLA‐based films. The ratio of PLA/Pullulan/ADR4468 was optimized by studying the mechanical and barrier properties of films. Then isosorbide dioctate (SDO), a kind of bio‐based plasticizer, was synthesized and added into PLA/Pullulan (4 wt%)/ADR4468 (0.8 wt%) system to study the effect of SDO content on the properties of films. A film with 15 wt% SDO showed elongation at a break of 79.7% while retaining a tensile strength of 30.6 MPa. With 20 wt% SDO, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of PLA/Pullulan/ADR/SDO film were reduced by 12.7% (2.95 × 10−14 kg m/(m2 s Pa)) and by 20.6% (1.95 × 10−3 cm3 m/ (m2 d Pa)), respectively, compared with that of PLA/Pullulan/ADR films. This study fills the research gap between PLA and Pullulan blends, broadens the application scenarios of new bio‐based plasticizers, and provides a method for improving the toughness and barrier properties of PLA. The films prepared in this study have potential applications in the green‐packaging field.Highlights
The synthesis and characterization of isosorbide dioctate.
The modified compatibility of PLA and Pullulan by ADR 4468.
The optimization of the content of PLA/Pullulan/ADR 4468 film.
The improvement of toughness and barrier properties of film by SDO.