bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Soil Nematode Communities Revealed Significant Variation in Greenhouse with Different Continuous Cropping Years
Authors: Tian Xueliang , Zhao Xiaoman , Mao Zhenchuan , Xie Bingyan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractContinuous cropping usually resulted in a series of soil problems, especially root knot nematode disaster in greenhouse because of imbalance in soil nematode community. However, the dynamic change in soil nematode community in greenhouse with various continuous cropping years during plant growing season is unclear. Here, soil nematode communities in greenhouse after 2 and 10 years of continuous cropping were comparatively analyzed using 18S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to reveal the changing processes in soil nematode communities. Compared to the 2-year greenhouse, soil in the 10-year greenhouse showed soil acidification, nutrients accumulation, salinization. In term of α-diversity, Bacterial-feeding nematodes (BF) were dominant in the 2-year greenhouse over the whole growing season, but plant-parasitic nematodes (PP) became the dominant group in the 10-year greenhouse in the late growing season.Meloidogynegradually became the dominant group (Relative abundance 70.9%) in the 10-year greenhouse, whileRhabditidae(Relative abundance from 99.8% to 26.8%) was the predominant members in the 2-year greenhouse. For β-diversity, hierarchical clustering analysis, unWeighted UniFrac principal component analysis (PCA) and principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) all revealed that soil nematode communities in the two types of greenhouses exhibited significant differences. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil nematode communities in the 10-year greenhouse were related to high soil organic material, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity and disease index of root knot nematode. Fisher’ exact test and Pearson correlation coefficients revealed thatMeloidogynecaused main differences in soil nematode communities between the two types of greenhouses. Meanwhile, population dynamics ofMeloidogynewere divided into dormant phase, low-level increasing phase and exponential phase during the whole season. In total, the significant variation led different dynamics of soil nematode communities in the 2-year and 10-year greenhouse.
Domain-specific word embeddings for patent classification
Authors: Risch Julian , Krestel Ralf 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Patent offices and other stakeholders in the patent domain need to classify patent applications according to a standardized classification scheme. The purpose of this paper is to examine the novelty of an application it can then be compared to previously granted patents in the same class. Automatic classification would be highly beneficial, because of the large volume of patents and the domain-specific knowledge needed to accomplish this costly manual task. However, a challenge for the automation is patent-specific language use, such as special vocabulary and phrases.

Design/methodology/approach
To account for this language use, the authors present domain-specific pre-trained word embeddings for the patent domain. The authors train the model on a very large data set of more than 5m patents and evaluate it at the task of patent classification. To this end, the authors propose a deep learning approach based on gated recurrent units for automatic patent classification built on the trained word embeddings.

Findings
Experiments on a standardized evaluation data set show that the approach increases average precision for patent classification by 17 percent compared to state-of-the-art approaches. In this paper, the authors further investigate the model’s strengths and weaknesses. An extensive error analysis reveals that the learned embeddings indeed mirror patent-specific language use. The imbalanced training data and underrepresented classes are the most difficult remaining challenge.

Originality/value
The proposed approach fulfills the need for domain-specific word embeddings for downstream tasks in the patent domain, such as patent classification or patent analysis.
Social network fatigue affecting continuance intention of social networking services
Authors: Zong Wen , Yang Jing , Bao Zheshi 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how social network fatigue affects continuance intention of social networking services (SNSs) from a more comprehensive perspective.Design/methodology/approachA research model was proposed by integrating uses and gratification theory (UGT), social network fatigue and continuance intention. The relationships between the three dimensions of UGT and continuance intention were examined, as well as the direct and moderating effects of social network fatigue. To collect data, an online survey was adopted, and 227 valid responses were analyzed by structural equation modeling.FindingsThe empirical findings demonstrate that utilitarian gratification (information seeking), social gratification (social interaction) and hedonic gratification (perceived enjoyment) are positively associated with SNS users’ continuance intention. Meanwhile, social network fatigue can directly and negatively affect continuance intention. Furthermore, the relationships between the two dimensions of UGT (information seeking, perceived enjoyment) and continuance intention are also negatively moderated by social network fatigue.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding about the relationship between continuance intention and social network fatigue. The authors indicate that social network fatigue will not only directly weaken SNS users’ continuance intention, but also negatively influence the formation process of the continuance intention. Some other theoretical and practical implications are also provided.
Asking the right questions
Authors: Blackmore Karen 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore whether aspects of co-coaching could support primary science teacher education in a university–school initial teacher education (ITE) partnership program in England.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methodological approach was taken, comprising of student teachers responding to a coaching questionnaire blended with a qualitative exploration of audio-recorded student teacher co-coaching conversations. Informal student teacher discussion groups were used as a means to discern their attitudes and beliefs pertaining to co-coaching within taught university sessions.

Findings
Analysis and subsequent integration of data showed that many aspects of co-coaching supported student teacher pedagogical knowledge acquisition and professional development. Additionally, questionnaire responses and small-group discussions revealed that student teachers developed positive attitudes to this mode of learning.

Originality/value
This study evaluates the innovative use of co-coaching techniques during primary teacher science education, and the outcomes have clear implications for the design of ITE programs in England and potentially further afield.
Taboos, morality and marketing: towards a conceptual model and illustration
Authors: Michelson Grant , Miller Rohan 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Drawing on the anthropological literature, this paper aims to develop a model of taboos (morality) that applies to the marketing, consumer behaviour and consumption contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is mainly conceptual but illustrates the general premises of the model with a case study of “dark” tourism and the contemporary marketing of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Findings
The paper shows that even extreme taboos can be commodified and traded-off, and that not even the horrific deaths and large-scale suffering that occurred at Auschwitz are “sacred”. This can occur through reframing and seeing the same taboo through different national lens.

Research limitations/implications
Questions pertaining to consumer morality are relative rather than universalistic, and even the most extreme cases of taboo can still be successfully marketed.

Originality/value
The paper is among the first to attempt to conceptually design a model and then explain the taboo process as it applies to a marketing and consumption context.
My mother or father: person, metaperson, and transcendence in ethnographic theory
Authors: de Pina‐Cabral João 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHow do humans, who are materially composed biological constructs, come to transcend – that is, to see themselves as present in – the world? This article sustains that, in order to understand transcendence in personhood, we have to see the latter as a product of dividual not individual participation, as initially proposed by Lévy‐Bruhl and recently developed by a number of phenomenologically inspired cognitive scientists. This being the case, it becomes necessary to account for the relation between essence and existence in the case of metapersons (ghosts, deities, ancestors, some animals, etc.). In this essay, I suggest that this, too, must be explained by reference to the ontogeny of persons‐who‐wakingly‐live‐in‐the‐world. In order to explore this issue, I discuss an occurrence that took place in my presence without my noticing it at the time when I was visiting an Afro‐Brazilian temple compound in coastal Bahia (Northeast Brazil) in July 2011.
Be our guest/worker: reciprocal dependency and expressions of hospitality in Ni‐Vanuatu overseas labour migration
Authors: Smith Rachel E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhilst there has been renewed interest in the development potential of temporary migration programmes, such schemes have long been criticized for creating conditions for exploitation and fostering dependence. In this article, which is based on a case study of Ni‐Vanuatu seasonal workers employed in New Zealand's horticultural industry, I show how workers and employers alike actively cultivate and maintain relations of reciprocal dependence and often describe their relation in familial terms of kinship and hospitality. Nevertheless, workers often feel estranged both in the Marxian sense of being subordinated to a regime of time‐discipline, and in the intersubjective sense of feeling disrespected or treated unkindly. I show how attention to the ‘non‐contractual element’ in the work contract, including expressions of hospitality, can contribute to anthropological debates surrounding work, migration, and dependence, and to interdisciplinary understandings of the justice of labour migration.
Extraction of DNA from Skeletonized Postcranial Remains: A Discussion of Protocols and Testing Modalities
Authors: Edson Suni M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper provides a retrospective of the DNA analysis performed by the Armed Forces Medical Examiner–Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory between 1990 and 2018. Over 13,000 postcranial osseous materials, comprised of wartime losses from World War II, the Korean War, and South‐East Asia, were examined by the following: mitochondrial DNA sequencing, a modified AmpFlSTR® Yfiler™, AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler™, PowerPlex® Fusion, or NGS. Four different DNA extraction protocols were used: incomplete demineralization coupled with an organic purification; complete demineralization with an organic purification; complete demineralization with an inorganic purification using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit; and a protocol designed specifically for use with next‐generation sequencing. In general, complete demineralization coupled with an organic purification was the optimal extraction protocol for sequencing of mitochondrial DNA, regardless of the osseous element tested. For STR testing, demineralization paired with an inorganic purification provided optimum results, regardless of kit used or osseous element tested.
Can pre‐hospital administration reduce time to initial antibiotic therapy in septic patients?
Authors: Cudini Daniel , Smith Karen , Bernard Stephen , Stephenson Michael , Andrew Emily , Cameron Peter , Lum Mark , Udy Andrew ,   on behalf of the ARISE Investigators
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the potential time saved with pre‐hospital antibiotic therapy in sepsis.MethodsStudy data for adult patients transported by Ambulance Victoria (AV), and enrolled into the Australasian Resuscitation In Sepsis Evaluation (ARISE), were linked with pre‐hospital electronic records.ResultsAn AV record was identified for 240 of 341 ARISE patients. The pre‐hospital case notes referred to potential infection in 165 patients. The median time to first antibiotic administration from loading the patient into the ambulance was 107 (74–160) min.ConclusionsARISE patients in Victoria were frequently identified pre‐hospital. An opportunity exists to study the feasibility of pre‐hospital antibiotic therapy.
A BRILL idea? The benefits, risks, insights, learning and limitations of an emergency airway registry in pre‐hospital and retrieval medicine
Authors: Glasheen John , Wall Brigid , Keogh Sean 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAirway management is a cornerstone of emergency care. Development of a robust evidence base to support the practice of pre‐hospital emergency anaesthesia is key to the safety and evolution of this common but high‐risk procedure. This paper discusses the benefits, risks, insights, learning and limitations of the use of an airway registry in pre‐hospital and retrieval medicine, for both research and quality improvement purposes.
Patient‐centred care through a broader lens: Supporting patient autonomy alongside moral deliberation
Authors: Gill Stephen D , Fuscaldo Giuliana , Page Richard S 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPatient‐centred care (PCC) is an essential component of high‐quality healthcare and shared decision‐making is its cornerstone. Yet, integrating the principles of PCC into healthcare practice is not always straightforward and shared decision‐making can be complicated and ethically demanding. While ethicists and academics routinely debate moral aspects of clinical care, such discussion among clinicians is less overt. In this paper, we use Emmanuel et al.’s deliberative model to provide a practical framework for considering ethical aspects of PCC and shared decision‐making. The model encourages us to appreciate PCC through a broader lens and consider patient autonomy alongside other moral obligations such as justice and the equitable distribution of finite resources. The model can be used by healthcare providers, patients and caregivers to facilitate dialogue and moral deliberation regarding the merit of their preferences and values; in this way, individualised care can be delivered without compromising other important ethical obligations.
Exploring the interpersonal determinants of job embeddedness and voluntary turnover: A conservation of resources perspective
Authors: Zhang Long , Fan Chuanhao , Deng Yulin , Lam Chak Fu , Hu Enhua , Wang Lingyun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper draws on a conservation of resources perspective to understand employee voluntary turnover. We conceptualise voluntary turnover as an outcome of resource loss, and we view job embeddedness as an indication of resource levels. On the basis of this conceptualisation, we propose that workplace ostracism and leader–member exchange (LMX) affect voluntary turnover via job embeddedness. We also propose an interaction effect of workplace ostracism and LMX: Workplace ostracism increases voluntary turnover by depleting job embeddedness only when people experience high‐quality LMX. Data from 352 employees in a Chinese software company obtained through a three‐wave survey support our model. Our findings illuminate the resource consequences of interpersonal interactions on job embeddedness and voluntary turnover, and we offer practical implications for employee retention.
Association of cardiac magnetic resonance‐detected myocardial abnormalities with disease characteristics and brain natriuretic peptide levels in systemic sclerosis without cardiac symptoms
Authors: Sugiyama Kaita , Kobayashi Hitomi , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Yokoe Isamu , Takei Masami , Kitamura Noboru 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the association between myocardial abnormalities and left ventricular (LV) geometry as assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients without cardiac symptoms.MethodsSSc patients without cardiac symptoms or cardiovascular risk factors underwent contrast CMRI. CMRI were assessed for structural and functional LV parameters and myocardial fibrosis based on myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). The correlation between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and LGE status was evaluated.ResultsAmong 49 patients, 27 (55%) showed LGE positivity. The most common identified LGE pattern was a linear pattern. LGE was not consistent with coronary artery distribution. There was no difference in ejection fraction between those with and without LGE. LV morphological changes were observed in 29% of SSc patients. An abnormal LV structure was detected in 44% and 14% of patients in the LGE+ and LGE− groups, respectively. The BNP levels were higher by 57% in the LGE+ group than in the LGE−group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that BNP levels reliably detected myocardial abnormalities (area under the curve, 0.72; 95% confidence interval 0.58‐0.88).ConclusionsMyocardial abnormalities were common in SSc patients without cardiac symptoms. We suggest that LV morphological changes may have resulted from myocardial abnormalities. BNP may be useful as a screening tool for the detection of myocardial abnormalities in SSc patients.
mTORC1 underlies age‐related muscle fiber damage and loss by inducing oxidative stress and catabolism
Authors: Tang Huibin , Inoki Ken , Brooks Susan V. , Okazawa Hideki , Lee Myung , Wang Junying , Kim Michael , Kennedy Catherine L. , Macpherson Peter C. D. , Ji Xuhuai , Van Roekel Sabrina , Fraga Danielle A. , Wang Kun , Zhu Jinguo , Wang Yoyo , Sharp Zelton D. , Miller Richard A. , Rando Thomas A. , Goldman Daniel , Guan Kun‐Liang , Shrager Joseph B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAging leads to skeletal muscle atrophy (i.e., sarcopenia), and muscle fiber loss is a critical component of this process. The mechanisms underlying these age‐related changes, however, remain unclear. We show here that mTORC1 signaling is activated in a subset of skeletal muscle fibers in aging mouse and human, colocalized with fiber damage. Activation of mTORC1 in TSC1 knockout mouse muscle fibers increases the content of morphologically abnormal mitochondria and causes progressive oxidative stress, fiber damage, and fiber loss over the lifespan. Transcriptomic profiling reveals that mTORC1's activation increases the expression of growth differentiation factors (GDF3, 5, and 15), and of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative stress and catabolism. We show that increased GDF15 is sufficient to induce oxidative stress and catabolic changes, and that mTORC1 increases the expression of GDF15 via phosphorylation of STAT3. Inhibition of mTORC1 in aging mouse decreases the expression of GDFs and STAT3's phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, reducing oxidative stress and muscle fiber damage and loss. Thus, chronically increased mTORC1 activity contributes to age‐related muscle atrophy, and GDF signaling is a proposed mechanism.
The Relationship Between Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Estimates and Alcohol Problems at 5‐Year Follow‐Up: The Role of Level of Response
Authors: Courtney Kelly E. , Infante Maria Alejandra , Brown Gregory G. , Tapert Susan F. , Simmons Alan N. , Smith Tom L. , Schuckit Marc A. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAcute alcohol consumption is associated with temporarily increased regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). The extent of this increase appears to be moderated by individual differences in the level of response (LR) to alcohol's subjective effects. The low LR phenotype is a known risk factor for the development of alcohol problems. This study investigates how the low LR phenotype relates to the relationship between alcohol‐related changes in CBF and alcohol problems 5 years later.MethodsYoung adults (ages 18 to 25) were selected based on their LR to alcohol and underwent a neuroimaging protocol including arterial spin labeling and functional scans. These participants were recontacted ~5 years later and assessed on alcohol outcomes. A final sample of 107 subjects (54 low and 53 high LR subjects) was included in the analyses. Whole‐brain analysis revealed 5 clusters of significant alcohol‐induced, versus placebo‐induced, CBF changes that were consistent with a previous report. Peak alcohol–placebo CBF response was extracted from these regions and, along with the LR group, submitted to a hierarchical linear regression predicting alcohol problems. Analyses controlled for age, sex, and baseline alcohol problems.ResultsIn the regression analysis, greater alcohol–placebo CBF difference in the right middle/superior/inferior frontal gyri and bilateral anterior cingulate gyri clusters predicted greater future alcohol problems for the low LR group, whereas this relationship was not found to be significant in the high LR group.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a clinically important relationship between CBF and future alcohol problems, particularly in individuals with a low LR phenotype. These initial results help to elucidate the neurobiological pathways involved in the development of alcohol use disorders for individuals with low LR.
Emergent freeze and fire disturbance dynamics in temperate rainforests
Authors: Buma Brian , Batllori Enric , Bisbing Sarah , Holz Andres , Saunders Sari C. , Bidlack Allison L. , Creutzburg Megan K. , DellaSala Dominick A. , Gregovich Dave , Hennon Paul , Krapek John , Moritz Max A. , Zaret Kyla 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe coastal temperate rainforests of South and North America are part of the most biomass dense forest biome on the planet. They are also subject to rapid climatic shifts and, subsequently, new disturbance processes – snow loss‐driven mortality and the emergence of fire in historically non‐fire‐exposed areas. Here, we compare and contrast Southern and Northern Hemisphere coastal temperate rainforests of the Americas, two of the largest examples of the biome, via synthesis of current literature, future climate expectations and new downscaling of a global fire model. In terms of snow loss, a rapid decline in winter snow is leading to mass mortality of certain conifer species in the Northern Hemisphere rainforests. High‐elevation Southern Hemisphere forests, which are beginning to see similar declines in snow, may be vulnerable in the future, especially bogs and high‐water content soils. Southern Hemisphere forests are seeing the invasion of fire as an ecological force at mid‐to‐high latitudes, a shift not yet observed in the north but which may become more prominent with ongoing climate change. We suggest that research should focus on the flammability of seral vegetation and bogs under future climate scenarios in both regions. By comparing these two drivers of change across similar gradients in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, this work points to the potential for emerging change in unexpected places in both regions. There is a clear benefit to conceptualising the coastal temperate rainforests of the Americas as two examples of the biome which can inform the other, as change is proceeding in similar directions but at different rates in each region.