bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on impact of fess in the outcome of management of active mucosal type of CSOM
Authors: Sachithanandam Suresh kumar , Sankaralingam Ganapathy , Chellakani Ravikumar , Chinnadurai Karuppasamy , Palaramakrishnan Rajeswari 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the commonest diseases in the developing countries. The route of infection of ear is predominately through the Eustachian tube orifice. One of the potential risk factor for CSOM is the persistent post nasal discharge associated with chronic sinusitis. This study is done in Tirunelveli Medical College is aimed to document the impact of FESS on the active mucosal type of CSOM.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 80 patients of active mucosal type of CSOM with radiologically proved chronic sinusitis were taken and were subjected to FESS. In those patients 104 ear perforations (including bilateral disease in 24 cases) are categorised into 25 small, 32 medium and 47 large sized perforation depending on the number of quadrants involved. Post-Operative reduction in ear discharge and size of the perforations are noted. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Significant changes are seen in ear discharge by 6 weeks. 18 ears out of 104 ears with perforation became dry. 55 and 57 ears became dry post operatively at 3 months and 6 months respectively. Reduction in the size of perforation seen at 3 months and significant changes seen in small and medium perforation categories. 11 out of 25 small sized perforation got closed at 6 months. No significant reduction is seen in large perforation category.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is significant impact of FESS in the outcome of treatment for active mucosal type of CSOM. Significant impact is seen in Small perforations in which more than one third of ears got healed and need not be operated. In others, by making into dry ear the success rate of following ear surgery can be increased.</p>
A comparative study between coblation adenoidectomy and conventional adenoidectomy
Authors: Saravana Selvan V. , Silambu Muthamil , Vinodh Kumaran D. 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to compare the advantages and results between coblation adenoidectomy and conventional adenoidectomy by curettage.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was<strong> </strong>conducted in Stanley medical college, Chennai (a tertiary care centre) from June 2013 to June 2016. Fifty patients were studied who underwent adenoidectomy. Twenty five patients underwent conventional adenoidectomy by curettage and rest by nasal endoscopy assisted coblation adenoidectomy. Following outcomes were evaluated: pain score on first day, days reporting pain, analgesic days, school absenteeism, endoscopic adenoid grading and intraoperative bleeding. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Patients who underwent coblation adenoidectomy showed better results during follow up with lesser complications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Coblation adenoidectomy is a better technique when compared to conventional technique of curettage.</p>
The role of anterior tucking of graft in subtotal perforation of tympanic membrane
Authors: Prakash Mylanahalli Doddarangaiah , Abhilasha Somashekhar 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tympnaoplasty has been well accepted as the surgery of choice for chronic otitis media. Since the introduction of tympanoplasty, there has been many modifications in terms of technique, approach, and materials used for grafting the tympanic membrane; each with their respective advantages and disadvantages. But irrespective of procedure done, very large and subtotal perforations have always posed a problem with failure after surgery. This demands further modification of the procedure to support the graft. This study was done to know the role of Anterior tucking of graft in subtotal perforation of tympanic membrane in terms of graft uptake rate and hearing outcome.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A systemic retrospective analysis of case files was done. The case files of patient who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Detailed preoperative and postoperative clinical and audiometric findings were noted down. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total of 40 cases with 3 cases being bilateral, 43 ears were operated by cortical mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty along with anterior tucking of the graft. Our success rate was 95.3% (n=40). 40 patients had showed the improvement in hearing with average air bone gap gain of 12.7 dB HL.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Underlay grafting for subtotal perforations of tympanic membrane is a surgically challenging and results in poor outcome. Modification to this method by anterior tucking of the graft is an effective surgical technique with satisfactory outcomes and hence is advocated for the routine practice.</p>
Assessment of functional outcome after parotidectomy reconstruction
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Kumar Sunil , Singh H. P. , Verma Veerendra , Mishra Anupam 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Total or superficial parotidectomy, when a reconstructive technique is not used, usually leads to Frey’s syndrome, preauricular and retromandibular depression. These together with the scar from a classic or modified Blair incision limit the final aesthetic outcome. The superiorly based sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) flap or superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) flap can be used for reconstruction of the defect to achieve better facial contour restoration. The aim and objective of the study was to evaluate the functional and cosmetic outcome of patients after reconstruction in parotid surgeries.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was done in the department of Otorhinolaryngology &amp; Head-Neck Surgery. Total number of patients with parotid tumours were 24 in each group namely- Group A: Patients undergoing parotid surgery without reconstruction. Group B: Patients undergoing parotid surgery with reconstruction using superiorly based sternocleidomastoid muscle flap. All patients were followed and analyzed on 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively on the basis of patient’s satisfaction, cosmesis, subjective Frey’s syndrome, retromandibular and pre-auricular depression using visual analogue scale. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In Group A, subjective Frey’s syndrome was present in 8.3% patients from 6 month to 1 year. In contrast, in Group B, it remain absent in all patients at all periods. In Group A, preauricular depression was present in 79.2% patients in immediate postop and 95.8% patients from 6 week to 1 year. In contrast, in Group B, it was present in only 4.2% patients at all periods. In Group A, retromandibular depression was present in 70.8% patients while in Group B, it was absent in all patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The superiorly based SCM flap for reconstruction of defect following superficial or total parotidectomy improves the final outcome in terms of the facial deformity (pre-auricular, retro-auricular depression) and lowers the incidence of Frey’s syndrome.</p>
Comparative study of type I tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia and tragal cartilage with perichondrium as graft material
Authors: Sood Arvinder Singh , Pal Pooja , Singla Anshul 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Temporalis fascia and cartilage are the most commonly used graft materials, though contradictory reports are available in literature as regards their efficacy. The purpose of this study was to compare graft acceptance and auditory outcomes of tympanoplasty using cartilage versus temporalis fascia as graft material.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study included 40 consecutive cases of chronic otitis media in a tertiary care centre randomised in two groups of 20 patients each to be subjected to tympanoplasty using either tragal cartilage-perichondrium or temporalis fascia graft from January 2011 to November 2012. Graft uptake rates and subjective as well as objective hearing improvement at 2 months and 6 months postoperative follow-up were compared. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of presentation was 34.4 years (range 15-60 years). At 2 months post operatively, the graft uptake was better with tragal cartilage group (95%) than temporalis fascia (90%), while at the end of 6 months graft uptake was better with temporalis fascia (75%) compared to tragal cartilage (70%). Hearing improvement was better for tragal cartilage group compared to the temporalis fascia group at both 2 months and 6 months follow-up. The subjective improvement in hearing at the end of 6 months was also better for tragal cartilage- perichondrium group than the temporalis fascia group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Both temporalis fascia and tragal cartilage–perichondrium are suitable graft materials for tympanoplasty. Graft uptake was superior with temporalis fascia, while hearing improvement was better with tragal cartilage- perichondrium, although the results were not statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Tumours and tumour like lesions of larynx: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Kavitha Y. , Chaitanya V. , Basavaraju K. P. 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Larynx is an important structure in human being forming a part of upper airway and responsible for voice production. Varieties of tumours and tumour like lesions of larynx significantly affect its functions. The aim of the study was to study the clinicopathological aspects of various lesions of larynx.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> An observational study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2017 in a tertiary care centre retrospectively. Data collected from departmental registers. History, clinical presentation, relevant investigations and histopathology of biopsy from laryngeal lesions were analysed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The incidence of laryngeal lesions was found to be high between 30-40 years (30.8%) followed by 51-60 years age group (20.9%) with higher preponderance among males (80.25%) compared to females (19.75%). Hoarseness of voice was the commonest presenting symptom in our patients accounting for 80%. It was observed that 27.1% patients were smokers, 10% were addicted to alcohol, and 6% patients had history of both smoking and alcohol consumption. Vocal polyp was the commonest tumour like lesion found in our study (31.4%) followed by vocal nodule (14.1%). Laryngeal papilloma was the only type of benign tumour found in our study (8%) and squamous cell carcinoma of larynx accounts for majority of malignant tumours most of which were moderately differentiated (40%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Majority of the laryngeal lesions are seen among rural population with poor socioeconomic status. Hence, creating awareness about risk factors, symptomatology and better cure with early detection can be life saving.</p>
A rare diagnosis of nasal mass: extramedullary plasmacytoma
Authors: Kamath Shrinath , Pratap Deepika , Shetty Kishore Chandra , . Biniyam 
Published: April 2018

<p>Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) are localized plasma cell neoplasms that occur within the soft tissue. Solitary plasmacytoma of the head and neck is a rare disease entity. They account for 1–2% of all plasma cell growths and have a great predilection for the upper respiratory tract. Males are more frequently affected during the fifth and sixth decades of life. We report a case of maxillary sinus plasmacytoma in an elderly man. Complete resolution of the tumour was seen with radiotherapy. </p>
Life threatening complication of fine needle aspiration of neck mass in a child: a case report
Authors: S. Pramod , Reddy Rewanth 
Published: April 2018

<p>Fine needle aspiration biopsy has become an important first line of investigation in palpable neck masses. It is simple, sensitive, inexpensive and safe investigation. Minor complications include pain, rashes and irritation at the site of aspiration. Life threatening complication occurs rarely. This is a report of child who presented with internal carotid artery injury with a massive hematoma causing respiratory distress following Fine needle aspiration. The child underwent neck exploration with evacuation of hematoma. Though life threatening complications post Fine needle aspiration are rare, this case highlights the precautions to be taken while performing fine needle aspiration in deep seated neck mass. </p>
Метод статистичного діагностування надійності суднового обладнання
Authors: Tykhonov Illya 
Published: April 2018

Мета: Метою цієї статті є представлення методу статистичного діагностування надійності суднового бортового електронного обладнання, що використовує імовірнісну модель потоку відмов за критеріями правдоподібності Неймана-Пірсона. Метод: Стаття описує спосіб урахування цих критеріїв, які дозволяють підвищити рівень контролю за станом надійності суднового бортового обладнання з використанням статистичного діагностування. Результат: На підставі отриманих аналізів відносно ступеню надійності суднового обладнання приймається рішення щодо можливого зниження фактичного рівня надійності нижче заданого рівня термінів та обсягу його технічного обслуговування. Дискусія: Запропонований метод є методологічною базою для пошуку екстремумів за критеріями Неймана-Пірсона відносно умов спостереження і дозволяє здійснювати діагностику надійності суднового бортового навігаційного обладнання.
Емпіричне оцінювання надійності авіоніки в умовах післяпродажного обслуговування
Authors: Gribov Victor , Hryshchenko Yurii V. , Hryshchenko Yurii Yu. 
Published: April 2018

Мета: головною метою даного дослідження є підвищення точності оцінювання надійності авіоніки в умовах післяпродажного обслуговування. Достовірність розрахунків показників безвідмовності пропонується поліпшити за рахунок застосування ймовірнісно-фізичної дифузійної немонотонної моделі відмов. Методи дослідження: у статті пропонується методика оцінювання точності методу квантилів на основі імітаційного моделювання процесу появи одиничних відмов, що підтверджує високу достовірність отриманих емпіричних оцінок середнього напрацювання до відмови. Результати: отримано кількісні оцінки похибок оцінювання середнього напрацювання до відмови методом квантилів. Розрахунок зроблений для практично значущих при експлуатації бортового обладнання діапазонів варіації перших відмов в сукупності із загальної кількості експлуатованих однотипних комплектів. Представлені результати дослідження показують, що метод квантилів є ефективним інструментом оцінювання за одиничними відмовами фактичної безвідмовності експлуатованих компонентів авіоніки. Обговорення: на етапі експлуатації повітряних суден метод квантилів з використанням імовірнісно-фізичної моделі відмов є ефективним інструментом отримання адекватних оцінок надійності експлуатованих компонентів авіоніки. В першу чергу це відноситься середнього напрацювання до відмови - до одного з показників безвідмовності. Цей показник широко використовується в міжнародних стандартах. Представлена методика забезпечує підвищення ефективності інтегрованої логістичної підтримки в процесі моніторингу технічного стану і характеристик технічного обслуговування компонентів повітряних суден.
Застосування омели білої у лікуванні ракових захворювань
Authors: Haluzinska Yuliia , Baranovsky Mikhail 
Published: April 2018

Мета: опис методу лікування ракових захворювань за допомогою Омели Білої. Розглянуто хімічний склад, застосування омели в медицині та її вплив на ракові клітинні лінії NFS-60 (суспензійні), L-41 (моношарові). Методи: у статті розглядається мікроскопічний метод, що ґрунтується на інгібуванні та кількісному визначенні ракових клітинних ліній. Результати та обговорення: результати дослідження показують, що водні екстракти з омели білої мають такі компоненти у своєму складі, які можуть бути використані при лікування ракових хвороб. Проведений дослід показує, що екстракти із сухої та свіжої сировини (листя та пагони) ефективні проти ракових клітин мієломи миші (NFS-60 суспензійні) та людини (L-41 моношарові). Отримані значення оптичної густини з показниками не більше як 1 за довжиною хвилі 590 нм, свідчать про те що інгібування мієлоїдних клітин людини L-41 відбувається при даних концентраціях. Отримані значення оптичної густини з показниками не більше від 0,1 за довжиною хвилі 570 нм, свідчать про те, що мієлоїдних клітин миші NFS-60 відбувається при даних концентраціях.
Análise musical de Six Melodies (1950), de John Cage: contexto e procedimentos composicionais
Authors: Zomer Ana Leticia Crozetta , De Barros Guilherme Antonio Sauerbronn 
Published: April 2018

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma análise da obra Six Melodies, do compositor norte-americano John Cage (1912-1992). Criada em 1950, a obra pertence ao seu segundo período composicional, denominado Período Romântico (1938-1950) por Solomon (1998, 2002). A análise musical se deu a partir da investigação dos processos composicionais (micro-macrocosmic form e gamut technique), abordando aspectos formais e estruturais da obra. Dessa forma, procuramos revelar detalhes a respeito da estética de Cage durante seus primeiros anos como compositor e da influência que seu companheiro, Merce Cunningham, exerceu sobre as obras deste período. O estudo das técnicas composicionais desenvolvidas durante o Período Romântico reflete a mudança no pensamento estético-filosófico do compositor.
The Role of Health in Climate Litigation
Authors: McCormick Sabrina , Simmens Samuel J. , Glicksman Robert , Paddock LeRoy , Kim Daniel , Whited Brittany 
Published: April 2018

Objectives. To examine how the courts, which play a critical role in shaping public policy, consider public health in climate change and coal-fired power plant lawsuits. Methods. We coded US local, state, and federal court decisions relating to climate change and coal-fired power plants from 1990 to 2016 (n = 873) and qualitatively investigated 139 cases in which litigants raised issues concerning the health impacts of climate change. We also conducted 78 interviews with key litigants, advocates, industry representatives, advising scientists, and legal experts. Results. Health has been a critical consideration in key climate lawsuits, but in a minority of cases. Litigants have presented health arguments most frequently and effectively in terms of airborne exposures. Health impacts have typically been used to gain standing and argue that the evidence for government actions is insufficient. Conclusions. The courts represent a pivotal branch of government in shaping climate policy. Increasing inclusion of health concerns in emergent areas of litigation could help drive more effective climate policymaking.
Strategies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Thiel Cassandra L. , Woods Noe C. , Bilec Melissa M. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives. To determine the carbon footprint of various sustainability interventions used for laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods. We designed interventions for laparoscopic hysterectomy from approaches that sustainable health care organizations advocate. We used a hybrid environmental life cycle assessment framework to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from the proposed interventions. We conducted the study from September 2015 to December 2016 at the University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Results. The largest carbon footprint savings came from selecting specific anesthetic gases and minimizing the materials used in surgery. Energy-related interventions resulted in a 10% reduction in carbon footprint per case but would result in larger savings for the whole facility. Commonly implemented approaches, such as recycling surgical waste, resulted in less than a 5% reduction in greenhouse gases. Conclusions. To reduce the environmental emissions of surgeries, health care providers need to implement a combination of approaches, including minimizing materials, moving away from certain heat-trapping anesthetic gases, maximizing instrument reuse or single-use device reprocessing, and reducing off-hour energy use in the operating room. These strategies can reduce the carbon footprint of an average laparoscopic hysterectomy by up to 80%. Recycling alone does very little to reduce environmental footprint. Public Health Implications. Health care services are a major source of environmental emissions and reducing their carbon footprint would improve environmental and human health. Facilities seeking to reduce environmental footprint should take a comprehensive systems approach to find safe and effective interventions and should identify and address policy barriers to implementing more sustainable practices.
Biogas from municipal solid waste landfills: a simplified mathematical model
Authors: Di Trapani D. , Mannina G. , Nicosia S. , Viviani G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMunicipal solid waste (MSW) landfills now represent one of the most important issues related to the waste management cycle. Knowledge of biogas production is a key aspect for the proper exploitation of this energy source, even in the post-closure period. In the present study, a simple mathematical model was proposed for the simulation of biogas production. The model is based on first-order biodegradation kinetics and also takes into account the temperature variation in time and depth as well as landfill settlement. The model was applied to an operating landfill located in Sicily, in Italy, and the first results obtained are promising. Indeed, the results showed a good fit between measured and simulated data. Based on these promising results, the model can also be considered a useful tool for landfill operators for a reliable estimate of the duration of the post-closure period.
The Signaling Pathways in Nitric Oxide Production by Neutrophils Exposed to N-nitrosodimethylamine
Authors: Ratajczak-Wrona Wioletta , Jablonska Ewa 
Published: April 2018

Background:Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a crucial role in the innate immune system’s response to microbial pathogens through the release of reactive nitrogen species, including Nitric Oxide (NO). </P><P> Methods: In neutrophils, NO is produced by the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), which is regulated by various signaling pathways and transcription factors. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a potential human carcinogen, affects immune cells. NDMA plays a major part in the growing incidence of cancers. Thanks to the increasing knowledge on the toxicological role of NDMA, the environmental factors that condition the exposure to this compound, especially its precursors- nitrates arouse wide concern.Results:In this article, we present a detailed summary of the molecular mechanisms of NDMA’s effect on the iNOS-dependent NO production in human neutrophils.Conclusion:This research contributes to a more complete understanding of the mechanisms that explain the changes that occur during nonspecific cellular responses to NDMA toxicity.