bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
East Asian Genome-wide association study derived loci in relation to type 2 diabetes in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Sijia , Jamaspishvili Esma , Tong Huixin , Chen Yongjie , Zhou Zhongyu , Sun Lulu , Kazakova Elena , Hong Qiao 
Published: May 2019

Meta-analysis of GWAS in East Asian populations had established 10 loci that were associated with type 2 diabetes. Eight of them were with genome-wide significance and two with a border line association. Since these data have not been studied in an independent Han Chinese population, we aimed to investigate the association of these susceptibility loci with type 2 diabetes in an independent Han Chinese population. We executed a case-control study in 2 000 Chinese by the SNPscan method. Firstly, the repetitive sequences of 10 loci were assessed. Next, we investigated the association of 8 SNPs out of 10 with type 2 diabetes and constructed the GRS of those 8 SNPs. Finally, the relationship of the 8 loci and diabetes-related traits was analyzed. Based on the fact, that highly repetitive sequences were detected in 2 SNPs, we investigated the remaining 8 SNPs. With the exception of four SNPs (CMIP rs16955379, PEPD rs3786897, PSMD6 rs831571, ZFAND3 rs9470794), the other SNPs had the same direction of effect (odds ratio [OR]>1.0) as in the original reports, especially GLIS3 rs7041847 and KCNK16 rs1535500 were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (rs1535500: p=0.005, OR=1.224, 95% CI 1.062–1.409; rs7041847: p=0.035, OR=1.118, 95% CI 1.070–1.388). The GRS constructed from the 8 SNPs was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population (p=0.004, OR=1.065, 95% CI: 1.021–1.111). Among the participants with 24≤BMI<28 kg/m2 the 8 SNPs were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (p=0.040, OR=1.079, 95% CI: 1.003–1.160). In quantitative trait analyses, WWOX rs17797882 was associated with decreased HOMA-β and increased level of TG and HDL-Ch, while PEPD rs3786897 and MAEA rs6815464 were associated with decreased fasting plasma glucose, and KCNK16 rs1535500 has shown a significant association with increased T-Ch and PSMD6 rs831571 had a significant association with decreased HDL-Ch. In Conclusion, with high probability the 8 loci identified in the East Asian GWAS meta-analysis are associated with type 2 diabetes in the Han Chinese population.
THE EFFECT OF DIALOGUE IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING BUSINESS ENGLISH
Authors: Ibatova Aygul Z. , Smirnova Elena V. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of Study: The main purpose of this research was to describe the effect of dialogue in the process of learning Business English. This was experimental research. two experimental and control groups were identified and a pre-test was conducted on their level of proficiency in English. Then, for the control group, English was taught in a normal way and presented for the English language test group using a dialogue. After the end of the course, their English proficiency was examined. The results showed that English language proficiency in teaching through dialogue has been much greater than normal and the difference between the two methods was significant and the English language method was more effective than the dialectic method.
Methodology: This was experimental research. At first, two experimental and control groups were identified and a pre-test was conducted on their level of proficiency in English. Then, for the control group, English was taught in a normal way and presented for the English language test group using a dialogue. After the end of the course, their English proficiency was examined to determine if English language education would affect English language learning through dialogue. To investigate these results, covariance analysis method was used.
Results: Results showed that English language proficiency in teaching through dialogue has been much greater than normal. To determine if this difference was statistically significant, the covariance analysis test was performed and the results showed that the difference between the two methods was significant and the English language method was more effective than the dialectic method.
Implications/Applications: The results of this study can help to teach English both in private institutions and in schools but in order for the teacher to build on the English language learning process based on the dialogue, the teacher should create an environment in which all students can be expressed, and no student is ashamed of the level of ability and fluency in English.
Wellbore-Stability Analysis by Integrating a Modified Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion With Dual-Porochemoelectroelastic Theory (includes associated erratum)
Authors: Liu Chao , Han Yanhui , Liu Hui–Hai , Abousleiman Younane N. 
Published: May 2019

Summary
When drilling through naturally fractured formations, the existence of natural fractures affects the fluid diffusion and stress distribution around the wellbore and induces degradation of rock strength. For chemically active formations, such as shale, the chemical–potential difference between the drilling mud and the shale–clay matrix further complicates the nonmonotonic coupled pore–pressure processes in and around the wellbore. In this work, we apply a recently formulated theory of dual–porosity/permeability porochemoelectroelasticity to predict the time evolution of mud–weight windows, while calculating stresses and pore pressure around an inclined wellbore drilled in a fractured shale formation. The effects of natural–fracture geometric and spatial distributions coupled with the chemical activity are considered in the wellbore–stability analysis. To account for the degrading effect of the fractured shale matrix on the bulk rock strength, a modified Hoek–Brown (MHB) criterion is developed to more closely describe the in–situ state of stress effects on the compressive shearing strength at great depth. Compared with the original Hoek–Brown (HB) failure criterion, the MHB criterion considers the influence of the intermediate principal stress and thus shows better agreement with true–triaxial data for various rocks at varying stress levels. The MHB criterion converges to the original HB criterion when the confining in–situ stresses are equal. Two field case studies indicate that this novel integrative methodology is capable of predicting the operational drilling–mud–weight windows used in these two cases. Another advantage of this newly developed technique is that it can be used as a back–analysis tool to estimate the fracture–matrix permeability from field operational data.
Nutrient Loss in Snowmelt Runoff: Results from a Long‐term Study in a Dryland Cropping System
Authors: Schneider Kimberley D. , McConkey Brian G. , Thiagarajan Arumugam , Elliott Jane A. , Reid D. Keith 
Published: May 2019

Snowmelt runoff often comprises the majority of annual runoff in the Canadian Prairies and a significant proportion of total nutrient loss from agricultural land to surface water. Our objective was to determine the effect of agroecosystem management on snowmelt runoff and nutrient losses from a long‐term field experiment at Swift Current, SK. Runoff quantity, nutrient concentrations, and loads were estimated after a change in management from conventionally tilled wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow (Conv W‐F) to no‐till wheat–fallow and subsequently no‐till wheat–pulse (NT W‐F/LP) and to an organic system with a wheat–green manure rotation (Org W‐GM). The conversion from conventional tillage practices to no‐till increased snowmelt runoff likely due to snow trapping by standing stubble after summer fallow. Relatedly, runoff after no‐till summer fallow had higher dissolved P losses (0.07 kg P ha−1). Replacing summer fallow with a pulse crop in the no‐till rotation decreased snowmelt runoff losses and nutrient concentrations. The Org W‐GM treatment had the lowest P loss after stubble (0.02 kg P ha−1) but had high dissolved P concentrations in snowmelt following the green manure (0.55 mg P L−1), suggesting a contribution from incorporated crop residues. In this semiarid climate with little runoff, dissolved reactive P and NO3–N loads in snowmelt runoff were smaller than those reported elsewhere on the prairies (averaging <0.05 kg P ha−1 yr−1, and <0.2 kg NO3–N ha−1 yr−1); however, the nutrient concentrations we observed, in particular for P, even without P fertilizer addition for organic production, question the practicality of agricultural management systems in this region meeting water quality guidelines.Core Ideas
The conversion to no‐till farming caused an increase in snowmelt runoff.
Greater snowmelt volumes can lead to increased nutrient losses.
Pulse crops can decrease snowmelt runoff and nutrient concentrations compared with no‐till fallow.
Green manure fallow can increase dissolved reactive P and NO3–N concentrations in snowmelt runoff.
It may not be practical to meet the water quality guidelines for P concentrations in this region.
4R Management of Phosphorus Fertilizer in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Grant Cynthia A. , Flaten Don N. 
Published: May 2019

Phosphorus (P) fertilizer has played a vital role in increasing the productivity of crop production in the northern Great Plains for approximately 100 years. Throughout this period, agricultural production practices have changed dramatically, while our knowledge of P behavior and beneficial management practices has improved. Some of the more recent and substantial changes in farming practices on the northern Great Plains include widespread adoption of reduced tillage systems, introduction of new crops and high‐yielding cultivars, intensification and extension of crop rotations, development of new fertilizer products, increased appreciation of the role of microbial interactions in P dynamics, and growing concern for the effects of P on water quality. As cropping systems, technology, and societal demands evolve over time, nutrient management practices must also evolve to address concerns and take advantage of emerging opportunities. Classic principles and new P fertilizer technologies and management practices must be integrated into packages of 4R practices that optimize crop yield and agronomic efficiency while minimizing negative environmental impact and conserving P resources. Although a wide range of products and practices can be combined for this approach, placing ammonium phosphate fertilizer in a band, in or near the seed‐row, at the time of seeding and at a rate that matches P removal by the crop generally provides the greatest P efficiency, long‐term sustainability, and environmental protection for small grain, oilseed, and pulse crop production in the northern Great Plains.Core Ideas
4R stewardship for P fertilization is vital for sustainable crop production.
The most efficient sources of P fertilizer for this region are ammonium phosphates.
Long‐term sustainable crop production requires P fertilizer rates that match crop removal.
Banding P fertilizer in or near the seed‐row is agronomically and environmentally beneficial.
Long‐term Nitrogen Addition Decreases Organic Matter Decomposition and Increases Forest Soil Carbon
Authors: Bowden Richard D. , Wurzbacher Sarah J. , Washko Susan E. , Wind Lauren , Rice Alexandrea M. , Coble Adrienne E. , Baldauf Nicholas , Johnson Brittany , Wang Jun‐Jian , Simpson Myrna , Lajtha Kate 
Published: May 2019

Core IdeasN additions alter soil microbial community composition and reduce forest soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity.Litter decomposition and soil organic matter degradation was slowed by N additions.Reduced decomposition increases soil C, but long‐term effects on forest productivity are unknown.Eastern North American forests receive anthropogenically elevated nitrogen (N) deposition that alters soil processes and forest productivity. We examined N deposition effects on soil carbon (C) and N in temperate, N‐rich forest plots fertilized annually (100 kg N ha−1y−1) since 1993. After nearly two decades, soil C in O, A, and upper 50 cm of B horizons of N‐addition plots was 17% greater (14.2 ± 0.7 kg C m−2) than control plots. Aboveground tree biomass growth and litterfall were not affected by fertilization. Fine root mass (0–1 mm) was 34% greater in N‐addition plots, but did not explain soil C increases. Rather, reduced decomposition of litter and soil organic matter drove C increases in N‐addition plots. Decomposition rates of black cherry, sugar maple, and mixed leaf litter were 43, 67, and 36%, greater, respectively, in control than N‐addition plots. Light fraction organic matter was greater in N‐addition plots than in control plots, due to either enhanced root production or decreased decomposition of soil organic matter. Soil respiration was reduced, and microbial biomass in O, A, and upper‐B horizons was lower in N‐addition plots than controls. The soil microbial community composition was also altered dramatically with N additions. Recalcitrant organic matter enzyme activity (peroxidase) was reduced in the O‐horizon by N addition. Available Ca, Mg, and K were reduced in O and A horizons by N fertilization. These results suggest that chronic elevated atmospheric N inputs can increase forest soil C storage by decreasing decomposition, however the long‐term stability of this additional C sequestration is unknown.
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DE TÉCNICAS DE LIMIARIZAÇÃO DE HISTOGRAMAS EM IMAGENS DE NÓDULOS DE MAMOGRAFIA
Authors: Victer Silvia Mara , Silva Brehna Sannae 
Published: May 2019

O câncer de mama é um tumor maligno que atinge principalmente as mulheres em todo o mundo. A análise do formato dos nódulos mamários ajuda na identificação de diversas anomalias. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma análise comparativa de algumas técnicas conhecidas de segmentação de imagens baseadas em limiarização de histogramas, de abordagem global e local, aplicadas à imagens digitais de nódulos de mamografia em níveis de cinza disponibilizadas de uma base de dados pública. Na limiarização global, foram testados valores diferentes de limiares e utilizado o método iterativo de Ridler e Calward, aplicando um limiar a toda a imagem. Na limiarização local, foram vistos dois métodos adaptativos propostos por Bernsen e Niblack. À cada técnica aplicada encontra-se um algoritmo associado. De acordo com a literatura, os nódulos malignos apresentam, em sua maioria, formatos mais espalhados comparados aos nódulos benignos, geralmente com o formato mais arredondado. Através de um estudo com um nódulo benigno e com um nódulo maligno, foi possível observar qual das técnicas abordadas consegue destacar melhor estes nódulos. As técnicas de limiarização local indicaram resultados mais favoráveis comparadas às globais. O software Scilab foi utilizado como ferramenta de suporte computacional, por ser um software gratuito usado para aplicações científicas.
ANÁLISE DO FATOR DE ATRITO NO ESCOAMENTO DO ÓLEO DA AMÊNDOA DA MACAÚBA (ACROCOMIA ACULETA)
Authors: Antunes Pinheiro DAIANE , KATERINE MOREIRA JORGE LEAL SHARA , Soares Carvalho Rosilanny , SOARES VITOR 
Published: May 2019

Neste trabalho os ensaios foram realizados na temperatura de 27 oC utilizando-se óleo da amêndoa da Macaúba (Acrocomia Aculeata) proveniente do norte do estado de Minas Gerais, em um aparato experimental onde foram feitos diversos testes com a finalidade de obter os parâmetros para o cálculo do fator de atrito em tubos lisos. Na montagem uma mangueira de diâmetro e comprimento conhecidos, foi conectada a um recipiente em diferentes cotas e a partir do óleo escoado calculou-se a vazão mássica, por meio dos resultados experimentais foi possível quantificar o fator de atrito em tubulação de plástico usando os modelos de Bingham e Newton. Com base no levantamento da curva “Coeficiente de Atrito x Reynolds” nota-se a diminuição do fator de atrito de Fanning (f) com o aumento de Número de Reynolds (Re), logo, o regime de escoamento é caracterizado como laminar, além de se observar o efeito dos parâmetros reológicos no escoamento do óleo. Através da curva encontrada, pode-se concluir que o coeficiente de atrito se adequa bem ao modelo de Bingham, a proximidade entre os valores teóricos e experimentais comprova a confiabilidade dos cálculos. O erro encontrado justifica-se por possíveis falhas do esquema de um viscosímetro capilar e também de desvios ocorridos nas medições durante os ensaios.
Development of PANI/BN-based absorbents for water remediation
Authors: Arsalan Muhammad , Awais Azka , Chen Tingting , Sheng Qinglin , Zheng Jianbin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this research, novel PANI/BN-based absorbent was prepared by bonding polyaniline and bentonite for water remediation and their structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of pH, concentration of metal, and dosage amount on synthesized novel PANI/BN-based absorbent was investigated in detail. The result indicated that the PANI/BN-based absorbent has an excellent adsorption performance towards Cu, Pb, and Ni, and the highest binding capacity of 130 mg g−1 for Ni was obtained under normal conditions. The adsorption of PANI/BN absorbent was found to depend on pH when pH &lt; 7.0, but the adsorption has been found independent from the ionic bond effect. The adsorption at optimum pH for Cu (pH 6) and Pb (pH 5) was observed as 85 mg g−1 and 105 mg g−1, respectively. The best results collected at those conditions of isotherm data and adsorption kinetics are represented by the Langmuir model and pseudo-second order equation, respectively. Thermodynamic results (ΔH &gt; 0, ΔS &gt; 0, ΔG &lt; 0) showed that the adsorption process of Cu, Ni, and Pb is significantly increased by the synthesized novel PANI/BN-based absorbent.
Process schemes for future energy-positive water resource recovery facilities
Authors: Solon Kimberly , Jia Mingsheng , Volcke Eveline I. P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There are numerous successful studies on optimizing the performance of conventional activated sludge (CAS)-based wastewater treatment plants. However, recent studies have shown that a more significant improvement of the plant performance is achievable through integration of established technologies in novel process schemes. High-rate activated sludge system, chemically enhanced primary treatment, partial nitritation-anammox, partial nitrification-denitrification over nitrite and anaerobic digestion are integrated in two process schemes to determine to which extent energy savings and energy production can be achieved with these new process layouts compared to a CAS-based process scheme. The results presented in this paper show that there is potential for achieving future energy-positive water resource recovery facilities through novel integration of mature technologies for municipal wastewater treatment.
The Association between Dyslipidemia and Preterm Birth: A Prospective Cohort Study in The North of Iran
Authors: Sharami Seyedeh H. , Gholipour Mahboobeh , Milani Forozan , Kazemnejad Ehsan , Heirati Seyedeh F.D. , Ranjbar Zahra A. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Dyslipidemia is recognized as an important factor in the incidence of Preterm
Birth (PTB). The early diagnosis of factors affecting PTB is important in the reduction of maternalneonatal
complications; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between dyslipidemia and PTB
in women from the Guilan province of Iran.

Method:
The current investigation was a prospective cohort study on 378 pregnant women in Rasht
city (Guilan province), during 2018-2019. Samples were randomly selected among pregnant women
who referred to Al-Zahra hospital. Association of the lipid profiles: Total Cholesterol (TC), High-
Density Lipoprotein (HDLC), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDLC), and Triglycerides (TG) with PTB
was assessed using the Chi-square, Fisher tests and logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Our findings showed that of the evaluated lipid profiles, TG and TC had the highest predictive
power with AUC =0.833 (95٪, CI: 0.736-0.930) and 0.772 (95%, CI: 0.676-0.867), respectively; also,
their sensitivity and specificity were 83.3%, 70.2% and 83.3%, 66.1%, respectively. Moreover, abnormal
LDL concentrations increase the risk of PTB by two folds (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
It seems that by controlling the lipid profiles of pregnant women, the risk of PTB could
be reduced.
Atividade física: a atuação do enfermeiro para a promoção da saúde na terceira idade- uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Maia Regiane Rodrigues , Rached Chennyfer Dobbins Abi 
Published: May 2019

O presente estudo desenvolvido versa sobre a atuação do enfermeiro na promoção a saúde na terceira idade, através do incentivo da atividade física, para assim implantar medidas que garantam uma melhor qualidade de vida no processo de envelhecimento, que ocorre de forma natural e universal em todos os seres vivos, onde pode ser influenciado no decorrer da vida por diferentes aspectos, onde acomete os indivíduos de formas distintas uma das outras. O estudo tem objetivo buscar evidências científicas para identificar a importância da atividade física na terceira idade e descrever o papel do enfermeiro na promoção e incentivo da pratica de atividade física na terceira idade. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, com base na literatura vigente dos últimos 5 anos. Sendo assim, a atividade física está entre os principais fatores por apresentar efetividade para todas as populações, melhorar a saúde e facilitar os contatos sociais, desde que seja adaptada à faixa etária do indivíduo, por meio da pratica exercícios físicos regularmente e mantiver uma vida social e atividade mental ativa pode garantir a independência e viver com um bom nível de qualidade de vida. Diante desse contexto, o enfermeiro deve incentivar a pratica de atividades físicas junto à equipe multiprofissional, a fim, de garantir um envelhecimento saudável, promovendo o bem-estar integral do idoso.
Design and Optimization of Chemical Mixing System for Vacuum Chambers: Simulation Results
Authors: Unker Faruk , Kaplan Erdar , Cuvalci Olkan 
Published: May 2019

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is widely used in device design to determine gas flow patterns and turbulence levels. CFD is also used to simulate particles and droplets, which are subjected to various forces, turbulence and wall interactions. These studies can now be performed routinely because of the availability of commercial software containing high quality turbulence and particle models. In order to understand how the gas is brought down to wafer, it is necessary to have a knowledge of the gas flow behavior very early in the design spiral of the Tantalum nitride-Atomic layer deposition(TaN-ALD) chamber by undertaking parametric investigation of the interaction effect between gas flow and the funnel structure. This paper presents such a parametric investigation on a generic TaN-ALD chamber using CFD. The results presented have been analyzed for a total of 11 different cases by varying neck and nozzle angles for a process gas. The gas flow was mainly investigated for the nozzle angles of 4.5◦, 9◦, 12◦ and 20◦ and the film thickness results were compared with numerical flow patterns. CFD simulations using the turbulence model in ANSYS Fluent v.13 are undertaken. The parametric study has demonstrated that CFD is a powerful tool to study the problem of gas flow-structure interaction on funnel and is capable of providing a means of visualizing the path of the gas under different operating conditions