bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indonesian Islamic Socialism and its South Asian Roots
Authors: FOGG KEVIN W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIslamic socialism was a major intellectual and political movement in Indonesia in the twentieth century, with ongoing influences until today. However, this movement did not follow the most common narratives of Indonesian intellectual history, which trace religious influences to the Middle East and political movements to anti-colonial reaction in terms framed by the Dutch. Rather, the first major Indonesian proponent of Islamic socialism, H. O. S. Tjokroaminoto, took his thinking on Islamic socialism directly from the English-language work of a South Asian itinerant scholar, Mushir Hosein Kidwai, in a process that most likely had the minority Ahmadiyyah community as intermediaries. Future Islamic socialist thought, much of it influenced by Tjokroaminoto, continued to echo through Indonesian secular nationalism, political Islam, and even Islamism. Studying the intellectual origins of Islamic socialism in Indonesia, then, shows not only the roots of an important strand of Southeast Asian politics in the last century, but also the importance of alternative currents of thought (South Asian, outside the mainstream, Anglophone) in Southeast Asian Islam.
Impact of a training program on the surveillance of Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Sopena N. , Freixas N. , Bella F. , Pérez J. , Hornero A. , Limon E. , Gudiol F. , Pujol M. ,   the VINCat Clostridioides difficile study group
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A high degree of vigilance and appropriate diagnostic methods are required to detect Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We studied the effectiveness of a multimodal training program for improving CDI surveillance and prevention. Between 2011 and 2016, this program was made available to healthcare staff of acute care hospitals in Catalonia. The program included an online course, two face-to-face workshops and dissemination of recommendations on prevention and diagnosis. Adherence to the recommendations was evaluated through surveys administered to the infection control teams at the 38 participating hospitals. The incidence of CDI increased from 2.20 cases/10 000 patient-days in 2011 to 3.41 in 2016 (P < 0.001). The number of hospitals that applied an optimal diagnostic algorithm rose from 32.0% to 71.1% (P = 0.002). Hospitals that applied an optimal diagnostic algorithm reported a higher overall incidence of CDI (3.62 vs. 1.92, P < 0.001), and hospitals that were more active in searching for cases reported higher rates of hospital-acquired CDI (1.76 vs. 0.84, P < 0.001). The results suggest that the application of a multimodal training strategy was associated with a significant rise in the reporting of CDI, as well as with an increase in the application of the optimal diagnostic algorithm.
Pubertal development mediates the association between family environment and brain structure and function in childhood
Authors: Thijssen Sandra , Collins Paul F. , Luciana Monica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPsychosocial acceleration theory suggests that pubertal maturation is accelerated in response to adversity. In addition, suboptimal caregiving accelerates development of the amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex circuit. These findings may be related. Here, we assess whether associations between family environment and measures of the amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex circuit are mediated by pubertal development in more than 2000 9- and 10-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (http://dx.doi.org/10.15154/1412097). Using structural equation modeling, demographic, child-reported, and parent-reported data on family dynamics were compiled into a higher level family environment latent variable. Magnetic resonance imaging preprocessing and compilations were performed by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study's data analysis core. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) thickness, area, white matter fractional anisotropy, amygdala volume, and cingulo-opercular network–amygdala resting-state functional connectivity were assessed. For ACC cortical thickness and ACC fractional anisotropy, significant indirect effects indicated that a stressful family environment relates to more advanced pubertal stage and more mature brain structure. For cingulo-opercular network–amygdala functional connectivity, results indicated a trend in the expected direction. For ACC area, evidence for quadratic mediation by pubertal stage was found. Sex-stratified analyses suggest stronger results for girls. Despite small effect sizes, structural measures of circuits important for emotional behavior are associated with family environment and show initial evidence of accelerated pubertal development.
Psychometric Properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in Healthy Older Adults: Reliability, Validity, and Agreement with Standard Neuropsychological Tests
Authors: Scott Emmi P. , Sorrell Anne , Benitez Andreana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:Few independent studies have examined the psychometric properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in older adults, despite growing interest in its use for clinical purposes. In this paper we report the test–retest reliability and construct validity of the NIHTB-CB, as well as its agreement or concordance with traditional neuropsychological tests of the same construct to determine whether tests could be used interchangeably.Methods:Sixty-one cognitively healthy adults ages 60–80 completed “gold standard” (GS) neuropsychological tests, NIHTB-CB, and brain MRI. Test–retest reliability, convergent/discriminant validity, and agreement statistics were calculated using Pearson’s correlations, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), and root mean square deviations.Results:Test–retest reliability was acceptable (CCC = .73 Fluid; CCC = .85 Crystallized). The NIHTB-CB Fluid Composite correlated significantly with cerebral volumes (r’s = |.35−.41|), and both composites correlated highly with their respective GS composites (r’s = .58−.84), although this was more variable for individual tests. Absolute agreement was generally lower (CCC = .55 Fluid; CCC = .70 Crystallized) due to lower precision in fluid scores and systematic overestimation of crystallized composite scores on the NIHTB-CB.Conclusions:These results support the reliability and validity of the NIHTB-CB in healthy older adults and suggest that the fluid composite tests are at least as sensitive as standard neuropsychological tests to medial temporal atrophy and ventricular expansion. However, the NIHTB-CB may generate different estimates of performance and should not be treated as interchangeable with established neuropsychological tests.
Focal Mechanisms of Deep Low‐Frequency Earthquakes Beneath Zao Volcano, Northeast Japan, and Relationship to the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake
Authors: Oikawa Genki , Aso Naofumi , Nakajima Junichi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSmall, deep low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) with dominant frequencies of 2–8 Hz occur at depths of 20–40 km and are thought to be related to movement of magma or crustal fluid, but their physical source processes remain largely unknown. Therefore, we determine the focal mechanisms of LFEs beneath Zao volcano, Northeast Japan, using the S/P amplitude ratio. Most focal mechanisms are classified into five groups: three types of double couples, a compensated linear vector dipole group, and a single force group. Double couples in 2007–2012 are consistent with those expected for the regional stress field, but no such events have been observed since 2013. This transition in focal mechanisms was simultaneous with a rapid increase in LFE activity beneath Zao. Our results suggest that LFEs beneath Zao were controlled mainly by the local stress field, but the stress field changed about two years after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake.
Spray Generation by a Plunging Breaker
Authors: Erinin M. A. , Wang S. D. , Liu R. , Towle D. , Liu X. , Duncan J. H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn experimental investigation of droplet generation by a plunging breaking wave is presented. In this work, simultaneous measurements of the wave crest profile evolution and of droplets ranging in radius down to 50 μm for a mechanically generated plunging breaker during many repeated breaking events in freshwater are performed. We find three distinct time zones of droplet production, first when the jet impacts the free surface upstream of the wave crest, second when the large air bubbles entrapped by the plunging jet impact reach the free surface and burst, and third when smaller bubbles burst upon reaching the free surface later in the breaking process. These subprocesses account for 22%, 44%, and 34%, respectively, of the average of 653 droplets produced per breaking event. The probability distributions of the ranges of large and small droplet radii are well represented by power law functions that intersect at a radius of 418 μm.
Two Typical Ionospheric Irregularities Associated With the Tropical Cyclones Tembin (2012) and Hagibis (2014)
Authors: Lou Yidong , Luo Xiaomin , Gu Shengfeng , Xiong Chao , Song Qian , Chen Biyan , Xiao Qinqin , Chen Dezhong , Zhang Zheng , Zheng Gang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTwo remarkable ionospheric irregularities named equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) and medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) are verified by using multi‐instrumental observations, for example, the ground‐based GPS networks, ionosonde stations, and Swarm satellites, when the tropical cyclones Tembin and Hagibis approached Hong Kong on 26 August 2012 and 15 June 2014, respectively. The low‐latitude plasma bubble over an area of 105–120 °E in longitude was observed during 12:30–17:00 universal time (UT) on 26 August 2012. GPS observations from magnetically conjugate locations indicate that the nighttime bubble during 20:30–01:00 local time (LT = UT + 8h) on 26 August should be formed from the magnetically equatorial region rather than drifted from the west (eastward drift) or generated locally. Different from the EPB, during another cyclone on 15 June 2014, the northwest‐southeast aligned nighttime MSTID was verified in midlatitude regions at a mean horizontal velocity of 156 m/s southwestward propagation during 12:30–17:30 UT when Hagibis was near the mainland coast. By comparing the ionospheric observations during the two cyclones, differences are identified: small‐scale irregularities associated with plasma bubble cause obvious perturbations of the rate of total electron content index with the value of ~3.0 TECU/min; while the MSTID in midlatitude only cause relatively slight rate of total electron content index disturbances with the value of ~1.5 TECU/min. In addition, the magnetic conjugacy of EPB and MSTID in two hemispheres during the passage of tropical cyclones has been also discussed in this study.
Climate Change and Regional Ocean Water Mass Disappearance: Case of the Black Sea
Authors: Stanev Emil V. , Peneva Elisaveta , Chtirkova Boriana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractData from profiling floats reveal that climate change in the Black Sea leads to the disappearance of specific water masses. The observed thermohaline change is possibly an amplified precursor of the changes to expect in the greater oceans. The warming trend in the cold intermediate layer (CIL) of ~0.05 °C/year was more than double the trend in previous decades, and its temperature approached that of the waters in the deeper layers (~9 °C), which signified its disappearance. This evolution was due to the warmer winters over the last 14 years. Intermittent major cold water formation events (only three during this period) could not sufficiently refill the CIL. A “density constriction” (minimum spread of density) was found at ~14.25 σt, and it separated two thermohaline regimes: temperature‐dominated above and salinity‐dominated beneath. Below this depth, the CIL is seen as a “corner” in the T‐S diagram at ~18 salinity and ~9 °C, where the profiles make a curve. The variability in the T‐S relationships at given σt levels in the CIL revealed trends dominated by diapycnic mixing with deeper layers (the high‐salinity pool acts as a source of salt for the upper ocean). After 2010, salinity anomalies started to occur rhythmically with increasing amplitudes at the depths of the CIL. In the absence of a pronounced CIL in recent years, the relative role of salinity variability in the thermohaline state of the upper layers increased. Further trends and the plausibility of similar events in other similar environments are also addressed.
The Impact of Biological Bedforms on Near‐Bed and Subsurface Flow: A Laboratory‐Evaluated Numerical Study of Flow in the Vicinity of Pits and Mounds
Authors: Han X. , Fang H. W. , Johnson M. F. , Rice S. P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe complex surface topography of river substrates controls near‐bed hydraulics and drives the exchange of subsurface and surface flow. In rivers, the topographic structures that are studied are usually formed by the flow, but it is known that many animals also create biogenic bedforms, such as pits and mounds. Here, a large‐eddy simulation model of flow over a pit and a mound is evaluated with flume experiments. The model includes actual bedform topography, and the topographic complexity of the surrounding bed surface. Subsurface grains are organized in a body‐centered cubic packing arrangement. Model evaluation showed strong agreement between experimental and modeling results for velocity (R2 > 0.8) and good agreement for Reynolds stresses (R2 > 0.7), which is comparable to other similar studies. Simulation of the pit shows that the length of the downwelling region is smaller than the upwelling region and that the velocity magnitude is higher in the downwelling region. Simulation of the mound reveals that the flow is forced into the bed upstream of the mound and reemerges near the top of the mound. The recirculation zone is limited at the leeside of the mound. With increasing Reynolds number, the depth of the upwelling region at the leeside of the mound increases. The analysis of shear stress indicates that sediments on the upstream edge of the pit and on the downstream face of the mound are relatively unstable. These results demonstrate the effect of biogenic structures on the near‐bed flow field, hyporheic exchange, and sediment stability.
Quantifying the Performance of Geomagnetically Induced Current Models
Authors: Marsal S. , Torta J.M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe describe a metric that has been repeatedly applied to assess the performance of models aimed at predicting geomagnetically induced currents from Space Weather events. The used parameterization, based on the well‐known root‐mean‐square error between model and observations, is simple and intuitive. Its use is exemplified, and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed, as well as its relationship with the widely extended correlation coefficient, r. Although the use of r alone is inappropriate for purposes of evaluating the agreement between model and observations, its use is recommended to complement the described performance parameter.
Customizing droplet contents and dynamic ranges via integrated programmable picodroplet assembler
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Kaushik Aniruddha , Hsieh Kuangwen , Wang Tza-Huei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDroplet microfluidic technology is becoming increasingly useful for high-throughput and high-sensitivity detection of biological and biochemical reactions. Most current droplet devices function by passively discretizing a single sample subject to a homogeneous or random reagent/reaction condition into tens of thousands of picoliter-volume droplets for analysis. Despite their apparent advantages in speed and throughput, these droplet devices inherently lack the capability to customize the contents of droplets in order to test a single sample against multiple reagent conditions or multiple samples against multiple reagents. In order to incorporate such combinatorial capability into droplet platforms, we have developed the fully Integrated Programmable Picodroplet Assembler. Our platform is capable of generating customized picoliter-volume droplet groups from nanoliter-volume plugs which are assembled in situ on demand. By employing a combination of microvalves and flow-focusing-based discretization, our platform can be used to precisely control the content and volume of generated nanoliter-volume plugs, and thereafter the content and the effective dynamic range of picoliter-volume droplets. Furthermore, we can use a single integrated device for continuously generating, incubating, and detecting multiple distinct droplet groups. The device successfully marries the precise control and on-demand capability of microvalve-based platforms with the sensitivity and throughput of picoliter droplet platforms in a fully automated monolithic device. The device ultimately will find important applications in single-cell and single-molecule analyses.
Rapid two-dimensional characterisation of proteins in solution
Authors: Saar Kadi L. , Peter Quentin , Müller Thomas , Challa Pavan K. , Herling Therese W. , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicrofluidic platforms provide an excellent basis for working with heterogeneous samples and separating biomolecular components at high throughput, with high recovery rates and by using only very small sample volumes. To date, several micron scale platforms with preparative capabilities have been demonstrated. Here we describe and demonstrate a microfluidic device that brings preparative and analytical operations together onto a single chip and thereby allows the acquisition of multidimensional information. We achieve this objective by using a free-flow electrophoretic separation approach that directs fractions of sample into an on-chip analysis unit, where the fractions are characterised through a microfluidic diffusional sizing process. This combined approach therefore allows simultaneously quantifying the sizes and the charges of components in heterogenous mixtures. We illustrate the power of the platform by describing the size distribution of a mixture comprising components which are close in size and cannot be identified as individual components using state-of-the-art solution sizing techniques on their own. Furthermore, we show that the platform can be used for two-dimensional fingerprinting of heterogeneous protein mixtures within tens of seconds, opening up a possibility to obtain multiparameter data on biomolecular systems on a minute timescale.
Low voltage control of exchange coupling in a ferromagnet-semiconductor quantum well hybrid structure
Authors: Korenev V. L. , Kalitukha I. V. , Akimov I. A. , Sapega V. F. , Zhukov E. A. , Kirstein E. , Ken O. S. , Kudlacik D. , Karczewski G. , Wiater M. , Wojtowicz T. , Ilyinskaya N. D. , Lebedeva N. M. , Komissarova T. A. , Kusrayev Yu. G. , Yakovlev D. R. , Bayer M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVoltage control of ferromagnetism on the nanometer scale is highly appealing for the development of novel electronic devices with low power consumption, high operation speed, reliable reversibility and compatibility with semiconductor technology. Hybrid structures based on the assembly of ferromagnetic and semiconducting building blocks are expected to show magnetic order as a ferromagnet and to be electrically tunable as a semiconductor. Here, we demonstrate the electrical control of the exchange coupling in a hybrid consisting of a ferromagnetic Co layer and a semiconductor CdTe quantum well, separated by a thin non-magnetic (Cd,Mg)Te barrier. The electric field controls the phononic ac Stark effect—the indirect exchange mechanism that is mediated by elliptically polarized phonons emitted from the ferromagnet. The effective magnetic field of the exchange interaction reaches up to 2.5 Tesla and can be turned on and off by application of 1V bias across the heterostructure.
Identification and structural analysis of the tripartite α-pore forming toxin of
Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Wilson Jason S. , Churchill-Angus Alicia M. , Davies Simon P. , Sedelnikova Svetlana E. , Tzokov Svetomir B. , Rafferty John B. , Bullough Per A. , Bisson Claudine , Baker Patrick J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The alpha helical CytolysinA family of pore forming toxins (α-PFT) contains single, two, and three component members. Structures of the single component Eschericia coli ClyA and the two component Yersinia enterolytica YaxAB show both undergo conformational changes from soluble to pore forms, and oligomerization to produce the active pore. Here we identify tripartite α-PFTs in pathogenic Gram negative bacteria, including Aeromonas hydrophila (AhlABC). We show that the AhlABC toxin requires all three components for maximal cell lysis. We present structures of pore components which describe a bi-fold hinge mechanism for soluble to pore transition in AhlB and a contrasting tetrameric assembly employed by soluble AhlC to hide their hydrophobic membrane associated residues. We propose a model of pore assembly where the AhlC tetramer dissociates, binds a single membrane leaflet, recruits AhlB promoting soluble to pore transition, prior to AhlA binding to form the active hydrophilic lined pore.
Proprioceptive Sonomyographic Control: A novel method for intuitive and proportional control of multiple degrees-of-freedom for individuals with upper extremity limb loss
Authors: Dhawan Ananya S. , Mukherjee Biswarup , Patwardhan Shriniwas , Akhlaghi Nima , Diao Guoqing , Levay Gyorgy , Holley Rahsaan , Joiner Wilsaan M. , Harris-Love Michelle , Sikdar Siddhartha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTechnological advances in multi-articulated prosthetic hands have outpaced the development of methods to intuitively control these devices. In fact, prosthetic users often cite "difficulty of use" as a key contributing factor for abandoning their prostheses. To overcome the limitations of the currently pervasive myoelectric control strategies, namely unintuitive proportional control of multiple degrees-of-freedom, we propose a novel approach: proprioceptive sonomyographiccontrol. Unlike myoelectric control strategies which measure electrical activation of muscles and use the extracted signals to determine the velocity of an end-effector; our sonomyography-based strategy measures mechanical muscle deformation directly with ultrasound and uses the extracted signals to proportionally control the position of an end-effector. Therefore, our sonomyography-based control is congruent with a prosthetic user’s innate proprioception of muscle deformation in the residual limb. In this work, we evaluated proprioceptive sonomyographic control with 5 prosthetic users and 5 able-bodied participants in a virtual target achievement and holding task for 5 different hand motions. We observed that with limited training, the performance of prosthetic users was comparable to that of able-bodied participants and thus conclude that proprioceptive sonomyographic control is a robust and intuitive prosthetic control strategy.