bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser speckle flowgraphy can also be used to show dynamic changes in the blood flow of the skin of the foot after surgical revascularization
Authors: Kikuchi Shinsuke , Miyake Keisuke , Tada Yuki , Uchida Daiki , Koya Atsuhiro , Saito Yukihiro , Ohura Takehiko , Azuma Nobuyoshi 
Published: November 2018

Objectives Laser speckle flowgraphy is a new method that enables the rapid evaluation of foot blood flow without contact with the skin. We used laser speckle flowgraphy to evaluate foot blood flow in peripheral arterial disease patients before and after surgical revascularization. Materials and methods A prospective single-center study. Thirty-one patients with 33 limbs that underwent surgical revascularization for peripheral arterial disease were included. Pre- and postoperative foot blood flows were measured on the plantar surface via laser speckle flowgraphy and skin perfusion pressure. The laser speckle flowgraphy device was used to visualize the blood flow distribution of the target skin and processed the pulse wave velocity of synchronized heart beats. The mean blood flow, which was expressed as the area of the pulse wave as the beat strength of skin perfusion on laser speckle flowgraphy converted into a numerical value, was assessed as dynamic changes following surgery. Beat strength of skin perfusion was also investigated in non-peripheral arterial disease controls (23 patients/46 limbs). Results The suitability of beat strength of skin perfusion in non-peripheral arterial disease controls was achieved; the beat strength of skin perfusion value was significantly higher in every area of interest in non-peripheral arterial disease controls compared to that in peripheral arterial disease limbs at the preoperative stage (105.8 ± 8.2 vs. 26.3 ± 8.2; P < 0.01). Although the pulse wave before surgery was visually flat in peripheral arterial disease patients, the pulse wave was remarkably and immediately improved through surgical revascularization. Beat strength of skin perfusion showed a dynamic change in foot blood flow (26.3 ± 8.2 at preoperation, 98.5 ± 6.7 immediately after surgery, 107.6 ± 5.7 at seven days after surgery, P < 0.01 for each compared to preoperation) that correlated with an improvement in skin perfusion pressure. Conclusions Laser speckle flowgraphy is a noninvasive, contact-free modality that is easy to implement, and beat strength of skin perfusion is a useful indicator of foot circulation during the perioperative period. Further analysis with a larger number of cases is necessary to establish appropriate clinical use.
The effect of pre-admission immunosuppression on colectomy rates in acute severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Patrick Desmond , Doecke James , Irwin James , Hanigan Katherine , Simms Lisa , Howlett Mariko , Radford-Smith Graham 
Published: November 2018

Background: Patients on immunosuppression at the time of acute severe ulcerative colitis have been suggested to be at a higher risk of colectomy than those who are treatment-naïve. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the risk of colectomy. Method: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study using prospective data examining the 30 day and 1 year colectomy rates of 200 consecutive patients with an index episode of acute severe ulcerative colitis as defined by the Truelove and Witts criteria. Results: Immunosuppression on admission was shown not to increase colectomy rate at 30 days post-admission (immunomodulator: p = 0.422, oral steroids: p = 0.555). A total of 24 patients underwent colectomy between 30 days and 1 year. A three-fold higher risk of colectomy at 1 year was seen in those requiring an immunomodulator prior to the index admission compared with those started de novo during the index admission [41% versus 14% odds ratio (OR): 2.93 (1.19–7.24 p = 0.016)]. Factors most predictive of colectomy at 30 days were abdominal radiographic colonic dilation ⩾5.5 cm, first presentation of ulcerative colitis, C-reactive protein ⩾ 45 mg/l on day 3 of therapy and bowel frequency ⩾8 on day 3. Conclusion: The need for an immunomodulator prior to admission with acute severe ulcerative colitis increases the medium-term colectomy rate by three-fold at 1 year. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and develop strategies to reduce the high risk in this subgroup of patients.
Ninety-Day Readmission Following Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Chand Manisha R , Meiyappan Arjun , Villa Jesus M , Kanwar Sumit , Sabesan Vani J , Gilot Gregory 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Hospital readmissions after elective shoulder arthroplasty represent a costly burden to the health-care system due to the rising demand for this procedure. Nevertheless, the reasons for readmissions remain inconclusive. Therefore, the main purposes of the current investigation were to determine (1) the readmission rates within 90 days after shoulder arthroplasty, (2) the reasons behind those readmissions, and (3) the characteristics of readmitted patients. Methods A retrospective review was performed on 184 patients who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) or reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) performed by a single surgeon at a single institution between 2010 and 2016. The readmissions that occurred within 90 days after surgery and their reasons were noted. Patient characteristics were compared between readmitted and non-readmitted patients. Results Overall, 7.1% of patients were readmitted within 90 days after shoulder arthroplasty. However, patients with a previous surgery on the same shoulder of the TSA or RSA had a higher rate (13.5%) than patients without a previous surgery (5.4%). Readmission rates for TSA and RSA were virtually identical. Most readmissions were due to surgical (69.2%) rather than medical complications (30.8%). The most common reasons for readmission were surgical-site infection and deep vein thrombosis. There were no statistically significant differences between the baseline patient characteristics of readmitted and non-readmitted patients. However, the proportion of males (69.2%) was more than twice the one of females (30.8%) among readmitted patients. Conclusion The readmission rate within 90 days after surgery was relatively low among patients who underwent either a TSA or RSA at our institution. Surgically related causes were largely responsible for readmissions.
CSF1R inhibitors exhibit antitumor activity in acute myeloid leukemia by blocking paracrine signals from support cells
Authors: Edwards David K. , Watanabe-Smith Kevin , Rofelty Angela , Damnernsawad Alisa , Laderas Ted , Lamble Adam , Lind Evan F. , Kaempf Andy , Mori Motomi , Rosenberg Mara , d’Almeida Amanda , Long Nicola , Agarwal Anupriya , Sweeney David Tyler , Loriaux Marc , McWeeney Shannon K. , Tyner Jeffrey W. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
To identify new therapeutic targets in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed small-molecule and small-interfering RNA (siRNA) screens of primary AML patient samples. In 23% of samples, we found sensitivity to inhibition of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) receptor (CSF1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase responsible for survival, proliferation, and differentiation of myeloid-lineage cells. Sensitivity to CSF1R inhibitor GW-2580 was found preferentially in de novo and favorable-risk patients, and resistance to GW-2580 was associated with reduced overall survival. Using flow cytometry, we discovered that CSF1R is not expressed on the majority of leukemic blasts but instead on a subpopulation of supportive cells. Comparison of CSF1R-expressing cells in AML vs healthy donors by mass cytometry revealed expression of unique cell-surface markers. The quantity of CSF1R-expressing cells correlated with GW-2580 sensitivity. Exposure of primary AML patient samples to a panel of recombinant cytokines revealed that CSF1R inhibitor sensitivity correlated with a growth response to CSF1R ligand, CSF1, and other cytokines, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The addition of CSF1 increased the secretion of HGF and other cytokines in conditioned media from AML patient samples, whereas adding GW-2580 reduced their secretion. In untreated cells, HGF levels correlated significantly with GW-2580 sensitivity. Finally, recombinant HGF and HS-5–conditioned media rescued cell viability after GW-2580 treatment in AML patient samples. Our results suggest that CSF1R-expressing cells support the bulk leukemia population through the secretion of HGF and other cytokines. This study identifies CSF1R as a novel therapeutic target of AML and provides a mechanism of paracrine cytokine/growth factor signaling in this disease.
Prevalence of inherited blood disorders and associations with malaria and anemia in Malawian children
Authors: McGann Patrick T. , Williams Anne M. , Ellis Graham , McElhinney Kathryn E. , Romano Laurel , Woodall Julia , Howard Thad A. , Tegha Gerald , Krysiak Robert , Lark R. Murray , Ander E. Louise , Mapango Carine , Ataga Kenneth I. , Gopal Satish , Key Nigel S. , Ware Russell E. , Suchdev Parminder S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn sub-Saharan Africa, inherited causes of anemia are common, but data are limited regarding the geographical prevalence and coinheritance of these conditions and their overall contributions to childhood anemia. To address these questions in Malawi, we performed a secondary analysis of the 2015-2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey, a nationally and regionally representative survey that estimated the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and evaluated both inherited and noninherited determinants of anemia. Children age 6 to 59 months were sampled from 105 clusters within the 2015-2016 Malawi Demographic Health Survey. Hemoglobin, ferritin, retinol binding protein, malaria, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured from venous blood. Molecular studies were performed using dried blood spots to determine the presence of sickle cell disease or trait, α-thalassemia trait, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Of 1279 eligible children, 1071 were included in the final analysis. Anemia, iron deficiency, and malaria were common, affecting 30.9%, 21.5%, and 27.8% of the participating children, respectively. α-Thalassemia trait was common (&gt;40% of children demonstrating deletion of 1 [33.1%] or 2 [10.0%] α-globin genes) and associated with higher prevalence of anemia (P &lt; .001). Approximately 20% of males had G6PD deficiency, which was associated with a 1.0 g/dL protection in hemoglobin decline during malaria infection (P = .02). These data document that inherited blood disorders are common and likely play an important role in the prevalence of anemia and malaria in Malawian children.
5-Bromo-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamides as new potent antibacterial agents
Authors: Mane Yogesh D. , Patil Smita S. , Biradar Dhanraj O. , Khade Bhimrao C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Ten 5-bromoindole-2-carboxamides were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antibacterial activity against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella Typhi using gentamicin and ciprofloxacin as internal standards. Compounds 7a–c, 7g and 7h exhibit high antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.35–1.25 μg/mL. Compounds 7a–c exhibit antibacterial activities that are higher than those of the standards against E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
Multiple values and unicity problem of meromorphic mappings sharing different families of moving hyperplanes
Authors: Ha Huong Giang , Nguyen Thi Nhung 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to deal with the multiple values and unicity problem of meromorphic mappings of

ℂ
m

{\mathbb{C}^{m}}

into

ℙ
n

⁢

(
ℂ
)

{\mathbb{P}^{n}(\mathbb{C})}

sharing different families of moving hyperplanes with a small identity set. We prove several uniqueness theorems for meromorphic mappings, which extend and improve some recent results.
Roles of the exon junction complex components in the central nervous system: a mini review
Authors: Bartkowska Katarzyna , Tepper Beata , Turlejski Kris , Djavadian Ruzanna L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The exon junction complex (EJC) consists of four core proteins: Magoh, RNA-binding motif 8A (Rbm8a, also known as Y14), eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3, also known as DDX48), and metastatic lymph node 51 (MLN51, also known as Casc3 or Barentsz), which are involved in the regulation of many processes occurring between gene transcription and protein translation. Its main role is to assemble into spliceosomes at the exon-exon junction of mRNA during splicing. It is, therefore, a range of functions concerning post-splicing events such as mRNA translocation, translation, and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Apart from this, proteins of the EJC control the splicing of specific pre-mRNAs, for example, splicing of the mapk transcript. Recent studies support essential functions of EJC proteins in oocytes and, after fertilization, in all stages of zygote development, as well as the growth of the embryo, including the development of the nervous system. During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), the EJC controls mitosis, regulating both symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions. Reduced levels of EJC components cause microcephaly. In the adult brain, Y14 and eIF4A3 appear to be involved in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory. In this review, we focus on the involvement of EJC components in brain development and its functioning under normal conditions.
Three-Dimensional Instability of Opposite Polarity Nonthermal Dusty Plasma
Authors: El-Shewy E.K. , Zaghbeer S.K. , El-Rahman A.A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Nonlinearity properties of obliquely wave propagation and instability in collisionless magnetized nonthermal dusty plasmas containing fluid of negative-positive grains are investigated. Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation is obtained and the three-dimensional wave instability is studied. The parameters such as polarity charge ratio, cyclotron frequency and fast nonthermal effectiveness of the instability properties and growth rate are theoretically studied. It is found that both positive and negative soliton profiles are formed depending on the fraction ratio of electron-ion nonthermality. Also, the growth rate was dependent nonlinearly on the direction cosines, the cyclotron frequency and the positive (negative) grain charge ratio, but independent of the fractional ratio of electron-ion nonthermality. Present discussion may be very significant regarding the observations of nonlinear phenomena in space.
A Density Functional Theory Study on the Structures and Electronic Properties of XAl

n

(X = Br, I; n = 3–15) Clusters
Authors: Hui Ming , Zhao Qing-Huai , Wang Zhi-Peng , Zhang Shuai , Li Gen-Quan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The effects of halogen element X (X = Br, I) doping on the geometrical structures and electronic properties of neutral aluminium clusters are systematically studied by utilising the density functional theory calculations. The structures of X-doped clusters show the three-dimensional forms with increasing atomic number except for n = 3 and X (X = Br, I) atom prefer to occupy the surface site of the host Al
n
clusters. BrAl7 and IAl7 clusters are the most stable geometries. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap and chemical hardness show an odd–even alternative phenomenon. The charges always transfer from the Al atoms to the X (X = Br, I) atom. Finally, the dipole and polarisability are discussed.
Space-time from Collapse of the Wave-function
Authors: Singh Tejinder P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We propose that space-time results from collapse of the wave function of macroscopic objects, in quantum dynamics. We first argue that there ought to exist a formulation of quantum theory which does not refer to classical time. We then propose such a formulation by invoking an operator Minkowski space-time on the Hilbert space. We suggest relativistic spontaneous localisation as the mechanism for recovering classical space-time from the underlying theory. Quantum interference in time could be one possible signature for operator time, and in fact may have been already observed in the laboratory, on attosecond time scales. A possible prediction of our work seems to be that interference in time will not be seen for ‘time slit’ separations significantly larger than 100 attosecond, if the ideas of operator time and relativistic spontaneous localisation are correct.
En torno al marcador de topicalización respecto: variantes y uso en sincronía
Authors: Pons Rodríguez Lola 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper provides a description of the use in Spanish of the discourse particle respecto as a topicalizer. Although it has undergone complete grammaticalization from Latin in Spanish it appears in many forms. The distribution of the different forms involved is analysed using synchronic data from the CREA corpus and other lexicographical evidence.
Operatori di definizione per le glosse della trattatistica in volgare (secc. XIII–XIV)
Authors: Librandi Rita 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The article analyzes the way to introduce glosses in the vernacular treatises and it therefore concentrates both on Tuscan texts of the 13th and 14th centuries dealing with astronomy, physics, natural philosophy, moral and religious arguments and on the comments of Latin and vernacular works. Corpus OVI database (www.ovi.cnr.it) was used for text search. The study focuses on the connectors between the definiéndum and the defìniens and then deals with the particles or expressions that introduce a gloss and that we have named definition operators. Three operators in particular are used systematically in the vernacular treatises: cioè, tanto è a dire quanto e non è altro che. Cioè introduces a gloss that either simplifies the term being glossed, or provides a variant that facilitates the reader’s comprehension. Whereas tanto è a dire quanto is employed to define loan words from Latin, Greek, Arabic, sometimes even from French, namely terms external to the vernacular language in which the author is writing, while non è altro che introduces a definition based on authority, an undisputable truth, or one that is believed to be undisputable. The constancy and the frequency with which we find especially the last two operators (tanto è a dire quanto and non è altro che) in the genre of texts analyzed make us think of ways followed with awareness by authors, commentators and translators and easily recognized by readers.
Ital. meno male
Authors: Serianni Luca 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The Italian locution meno male is widely used in several usages to express relief or to asseverate ironically. It appears in the 16th century in the now obsolete form manco male and becomes widespread since Goldoni (1707–1793). It has very few cognates in the other European languages; the Sp. menos mal, although very close in form and meaning, must nevertheless be interpreted as an independent formation.
The Transcriptional Regulator Hbx1 Affects the Expression of Thousands of Genes in the Aflatoxin-Producing FungusAspergillus flavus
Authors: Cary Jeffrey W , Entwistle Sarah , Satterlee Timothy , Mack Brian M , Gilbert Matthew K , Chang Perng K , Scharfenstein Leslie , Yin Yanbin , Calvo Ana M 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn filamentous fungi, homeobox proteins are conserved transcriptional regulators described to control conidiogenesis and fruiting body formation. Eight homeobox (hbx) genes are found in the genome of the aflatoxin-producing ascomycete, Aspergillus flavus. While loss-of-function of seven of the eight genes had little to no effect on fungal growth and development, disruption of hbx1, resulted in aconidial colonies and lack of sclerotial production. Furthermore, the hbx1 mutant was unable to produce aflatoxins B1 and B2, cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. In the present study, hbx1 transcriptome analysis revealed that hbx1 has a broad effect on A. flavus gene expression, and the effect of hbx1 increases overtime, impacting more than five thousand protein-coding genes. Among the affected genes, those in the category of secondary metabolism (SM), followed by that of cellular transport, were the most affected. Specifically, regarding the effect of hbx1 on SM, we found that genes in 44 SM gene clusters where upregulated while 49 were downregulated in the absence of hbx1, including genes in the SM clusters responsible for the synthesis of asparasone, piperazine and aflavarin, all known to be associated with sclerotia. In addition, our study revealed that hbx1 affects the expression of other transcription factor genes involved in development, including the conidiation central regulatory pathway and flb genes.
MRG-1/MRG15 Is a Barrier for Germ Cell to Neuron Reprogramming in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hajduskova Martina , Baytek Gülkiz , Kolundzic Ena , Gosdschan Alexander , Kazmierczak Marlon , Ofenbauer Andreas , Beato del Rosal Maria Lena , Herzog Sergej , ul Fatima Nida , Mertins Philipp , Seelk-Müthel Stefanie , Tursun Baris 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Chromatin regulators play important roles in the safeguarding of cell identities by opposing the induction of ectopic cell fates and, thereby, preventing forced conversion of cell identities by reprogramming approaches. Our knowledge of chromatin regulators acting as reprogramming barriers in living organisms needs improvement as most studies use tissue culture. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo gene discovery model and automated solid-phase RNA interference screening, by which we identified 10 chromatin-regulating factors that protect cells against ectopic fate induction. Specifically, the chromodomain protein MRG-1 safeguards germ cells against conversion into neurons. MRG-1 is the ortholog of mammalian MRG15 (MORF-related gene on chromosome 15) and is required during germline development in C. elegans. However, MRG-1’s function as a barrier for germ cell reprogramming has not been revealed previously. Here, we further provide protein-protein and genome interactions of MRG-1 to characterize its molecular functions. Conserved chromatin regulators may have similar functions in higher organisms, and therefore, understanding cell fate protection in C. elegans may also help to facilitate reprogramming of human cells.