bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Sub-micrometer-Sized Particles with Practical Activities in an Underground Coal Mine
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsuan , Munoz Alejandro , Krause Connor , Brune Jürgen , Tsai Candace S. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis assessment was designed to explore and characterize the airborne particles, especially for the sub-micrometer sizes, in an underground coal mine. Airborne particles present in the breathing zone were evaluated by using both (1) direct reading real-time instruments (RTIs) to measure real-time particle number concentrations in the workplaces and (2) gravimetric samplers to collect airborne particles to obtain mass concentrations and conduct further characterizations. Airborne coal mine particles were collected via three samplers: inhalable particle sampler (37 mm cassette with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filter), respirable dust cyclone (10 mm nylon cyclone with 37 mm Zefon cassette and PVC filter), and a Tsai diffusion sampler (TDS). The TDS, a newly designed sampler, is for collecting particles in the nanometer and respirable size range with a polycarbonate filter and grid. The morphology and compositions of collected particles on the filters were characterized using electron microscopy (EM). RTIs reading showed that the belt entry had a greatly nine-times higher total particle number concentration in average (~ 34,700 particles/cm3) than those measured at both the underground entry and office building (~ 4630 particles/cm3). The belt entry exhibited not only the highest total particle number concentration, but it also had different particle size fractions, particularly in the submicron and smaller sizes. A high level of submicron and nanoparticles was found in the belt conveyor drift area (with concentrations ranging from 0.54 to 1.55 mg/m3 among three samplers). The data support that small particles less than 300 nm are present in the underground coal mine associated with dust generated from practical mining activities. The chemical composition of the air particles has been detected in the presence of Ca, Cu, Si, Al, Fe, and Co which were all found to be harmful to miners when inhaled.
Converting plastic-contaminated agricultural residues into fit-for-purpose biochar soil amendment: an initial study
Authors: Yu Qiuyu , Zhang Xuhui , Gao Tao , Gong Xueliu , Wu Jiarong , Tian Shuai , Ma Biao , Xu Lujiang , Joseph Stephen , Zheng Jufeng , Bian Rongjun , Li Lianqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Addressing agricultural plastic pollution is vital for ecosystem sustainability. Shifting from traditional waste treatments to a sustainable pathway presents both challenges and opportunities for global plastic management. This study investigated the properties and environmental applications of biochar derived from honeydew melon vines contaminated with plastic hanging ropes, pyrolyzed at temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C. The resulting biochars were evaluated for their ability to remove Pb and Cd from aqueous solutions. Additionally, a Chinese cabbage pot experiment was conducted to assess the impact of biochar on Pb and Cd immobilization and plant growth in contaminated soil. Results revealed that the properties of biochar varied with pyrolysis temperature. Specifically, incomplete carbonization of plastic ropes was observed at 300 °C, while biochar produced at 500 °C (BC500) showed a higher yield and contained higher levels of available P and K compared to the biochar produced at 700 °C (BC700). The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in biochars increased with temperature but remained within recommended limits. BC500 exhibited the highest adsorption capacities for Pb and Cd at 127 mg g−1 and 36 mg g−1, respectively. Soil amendment with BC500 and BC700 significantly improved soil pH, increased the availability of nutrients and microbial biomass, and effectively immobilized Pb and Cd in the soil. Consequently, the biomass yield of Chinese cabbage was enhanced by 119 % and 86 % under BC500 and BC700, respectively. Moreover, the Pb and Cd content in cabbage decreased by more than 80 % and 29 %, respectively. However, PAHs levels in cabbage leaves increased from 9.2 ng g−1 in the control to 20.8 ng g−1 and 30.4 ng g−1 under BC500 and BC700, respectively, remaining below China’s standard for benzo(a)pyrene. This study suggests pyrolyzing plastic-contaminated crop residues at 500 °C is a feasible strategy for waste recycling.

Graphical Abstract
On density order of quasi-projection operators and dual wavelet frames
Authors: Boukeffous Ch. , San Antolín A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFrom two functions in the Hilbert space $$L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

L
2

(

R

d

)

whose Fourier transform has certain decay, one defines a quasi-projection operator. In this paper, we prove necessary and sufficient conditions on those functions in order to the associated quasi-projection operator provides a desired approximation order and density order. To give our conditions we will use the classical notion of approximate continuity. As a consequence, we obtain approximation properties of dual wavelet frame constructed by Mixed Oblique Extension Principle. We show our results in the context of reducing subspaces of $$L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

L
2

(

R

d

)

with a dilation given by an expansive linear map preserving the integer lattice.
ViTGaze: gaze following with interaction features in vision transformers
Authors: Song Yuehao , Wang Xinggang , Yao Jingfeng , Liu Wenyu , Zhang Jinglin , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGaze following aims to interpret human-scene interactions by predicting the person’s focal point of gaze. Prevailing approaches often adopt a two-stage framework, whereby multi-modality information is extracted in the initial stage for gaze target prediction. Consequently, the efficacy of these methods highly depends on the precision of the previous modality extraction. Others use a single-modality approach with complex decoders, increasing network computational load. Inspired by the remarkable success of pre-trained plain vision transformers (ViTs), we introduce a novel single-modality gaze following framework called ViTGaze. In contrast to previous methods, it creates a novel gaze following framework based mainly on powerful encoders (relative decoder parameters less than 1%). Our principal insight is that the inter-token interactions within self-attention can be transferred to interactions between humans and scenes. Leveraging this presumption, we formulate a framework consisting of a 4D interaction encoder and a 2D spatial guidance module to extract human-scene interaction information from self-attention maps. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that ViT with self-supervised pre-training has an enhanced ability to extract correlation information. Many experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance among all single-modality methods (3.4% improvement in the area under curve score, 5.1% improvement in the average precision) and very comparable performance against multi-modality methods with 59% fewer parameters.
Qualitative assessment of proposed visual key information pages for informed consent
Authors: Cooksey Krista E. , Goldstein Eliana , Lee Clara , Mozersky Jessica , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Gallegos Victor Catalan , Politi Mary C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The 2018 Common Rule revision intended to improve informed consent by recommending a concise key information (KI) section, yet provided little guidance about how to describe KI. We developed innovative, visual KI templates with attention to health literacy and visual design principles. We explored end users’ attitudes, beliefs, and institutional policies that could affect implementing visual KI pages.

Materials and methods:
From October 2023 to April 2024, we conducted semi-structured interviews with principal investigators, research staff, and Institutional Review Board (IRB) personnel, including those in oversight/management, and community partners. Forty participants from three academic institutions (in the Midwest, Southeast, and Mountain West) viewed example KI pages and completed interviews. We coded written transcripts inductively and deductively based on the capability, opportunity, and motivation to change behavior (COM-B) framework. Data were analyzed using content analysis and organized thematically.

Results:
Participants responded positively to the visual KI examples. They discussed potential benefits, including improving information processing and understanding of study procedures, diversity in research, trust in research, and study workflow. They also described potential challenges to consider before widespread implementation: IRBs’ interpretations of federal guidelines, possible impacts on IRB submission processes, the effort/skill required to develop visuals, and difficulty succinctly communicating study risks. There was no consensus about when to use visual KI during consent, and some wondered if they were feasible for all study types.

Discussion:
Visual KI offers a promising solution to long-standing informed consent challenges. Future work can explore resources and training to address challenges and promote widespread use.
Identifying probabilistic weather regimes targeted to a local-scale impact variable
Authors: Spuler Fiona R. , Kretschmer Marlene , Kovalchuk Yevgeniya , Balmaseda Magdalena Alonso , Shepherd Theodore G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, so-called weather regimes, modulate the occurrence of extreme events such as heatwaves or extreme precipitation. In their role as mediators between long-range teleconnections and local impacts, weather regimes have demonstrated potential in improving long-term climate projections as well as sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasts. However, existing methods for identifying weather regimes are not specifically designed to capture the relevant physical processes responsible for variations in the impact variable in question. This paper introduces a novel probabilistic machine learning method, RMM-VAE, for identifying weather regimes targeted to a local-scale impact variable. Based on a variational autoencoder architecture, the method combines non-linear dimensionality reduction with a prediction task and probabilistic clustering in one coherent architecture. The new method is applied to identify circulation patterns over the Mediterranean region targeted to precipitation over Morocco and compared to three existing approaches: two established linear methods and another machine-learning approach. The RMM-VAE method identifies regimes that are more predictive of the target variable compared to the two linear methods, both in terms of terciles and extremes in precipitation, while also improving the reconstruction of the input space. Further, the regimes identified by the RMM-VAE method are also more robust and persistent compared to the alternative machine learning method. The results demonstrate the potential benefit of the new method for use in various climate applications such as sub-seasonal forecasting, and illustrate the trade-offs involved in targeted clustering.
Advice taking when the stakes are high: Evidence from a game show
Authors: Løhre Erik , Halkjelsvik Torleif 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Research on advice taking has demonstrated a phenomenon of egocentric discounting: people weight their own estimates more than advice from others. However, this research is mostly conducted in highly controlled lab settings with low or no stakes. We used unique data from a game show on Norwegian television to investigate advice taking in a high stakes and highly public setting. Parallel to the standard procedure in judge–advisor systems studies, contestants give numerical estimates for several tasks and solicit advice (another estimate) from three different sources during the game. The average weight of advice was 0.58, indicating that contestants weighted advice more than their own estimates. Of potential predictors of weight of advice, we did not detect associations with the use of intuition (e.g., gut feeling, guessing) and advice source (family, celebrities, average of viewers from hometown), but own estimation success (the proportion of previous rounds won) was associated with less weight of advice. Solicitation of advice was associated with higher stakes. Together with the relatively high weight on advice, this suggests that participants considered the advice valuable. On average, estimates did not improve much after advice taking, and the potential for improvement by averaging estimates and advice was negligible. We discuss different factors that could contribute to these findings, including stakes, solicited versus unsolicited advice, task difficulty, and high public scrutiny. The results suggest that highly controlled lab studies may not give an accurate representation of advice taking in high stakes and highly public settings.
Regeneration of branching processes with immigration in varying environments
Authors: Sun Hong-Yan , Wang Hua-Ming , Li Bao-Zhi , Yang Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe consider linear-fractional branching processes (one-type and two-type) with immigration in varying environments. For
$n\ge0$
, let
$Z_n$
count the number of individuals of the nth generation, which excludes the immigrant who enters the system at time n. We call n a regeneration time if
$Z_n=0$
. For both the one-type and two-type cases, we give criteria for the finiteness or infiniteness of the number of regeneration times. We then construct some concrete examples to exhibit the strange phenomena caused by the so-called varying environments. For example, it may happen that the process is extinct, but there are only finitely many regeneration times. We also study the asymptotics of the number of regeneration times of the model in the example.
Integrating the Papacy: Papal Infallibility and a Synodal Church
Authors: Stayne John 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOne of the most enduring criticisms of papal infallibility is that it seems to set the pope apart from the Church. Much has already been done to correct this impression, but the current ‘synodal moment’ offers a unique opportunity to substantially further this ecclesiological integration. Along such lines, the present article first proposes that the teachings on infallibility in Lumen gentium be read through the chapter on the People of God (LG25 through LG12), thereby treating the pope as a member of the faithful and drawing out the charismatic dimension of infallibility. The article then pivots to exploring the widely overlooked Eastern Catholic reception of Vatican I. Specifically, it details the dogmatic importance of a clause added to Pastor aeternus by two patriarchs as part of their conditional acceptance – something drawing from a deeper tradition of synodal examination of papal teaching. These two sections converge to reveal a more synodal infallibility at the level of initial discernment and reception. More so, these genuinely synodal elements of papal infallibility are discovered as existing within the previous tradition. Elements that, going forward, can fruitfully be given a new hermeneutical priority.
Dissecting the relationships between the insect vector Empoasca paraparvipenis with Camptotheca acuminata witches’ broom phytoplasma
Authors: Cai Hong , He Menglan , Cai Yinfeng , Qiao Kai , Huang Weiyi , Munir Shahzad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhytoplasmas are phloem-limited bacteria that are primarily transmitted by hemipteran insects and are emerging threats to Camptotheca acuminata Decne plants due to their associations with a witches’ broom disease. Despite numerous studies, there has been no report on insect transmission of phytoplasma among C. acuminata. Here, transmission characteristics of the leafhopper, Empoasca paraparvipenis Zhang and Liu, 2008 and the phytoplasma in plant leaves through PCR quantification are described. The interaction between C. acuminata-phytoplasma and insect vectors was examined by analysing the impact on the life characteristics and progeny population in a temperature-dependent manner. Phytoplasma-infected C. acuminata plant exhibited symptoms including shorter internodes, weak and clustered branches, shrunken and yellowed leaves, and red leaf margins. The acquisition and transmission time of bacterial-infected third-instar nymphs of insect vectors were 10 (11.11%) and 30 min (33.33%), respectively. A single insect vector can infect a plant after 72 h of feeding, and the incidence rate of disease increases with the number of insects following 11–100% from single to 20 insects. The development time of the infected insect vectors (1–3 instars) was significantly shorter than that of the healthy insects, and the development duration of instar individuals was longer. In progeny populations, the higher the phytoplasma concentration (88–0% for 1–5 instars nymph, female and male adults), the shorter the development time and the longer the adult lifetime (both male and female). These findings provided research evidence of phytoplasma transmission by insect vectors; however, further investigation of the mechanisms for prevention and management of phytoplasma diseases is needed.
A morphosyntactic authorship attribution study of the speeches of Demosthenes and Apollodorus
Authors: Gorman Vanessa B. , Gorman Robert J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuestions about authorship have plagued the corpus of Demosthenic orations since antiquity. In particular, scholars often assign certain speeches (usually 46, 49, 50, 52, 53 and 59; sometimes also 47 and 51) to Apollodorus, son of Pasion. We apply an innovative approach to the problem, using morphosyntactic information from dependency treebanks. From the treebank annotation we create input data for various well-established computational approaches to authorship attribution. The usefulness of the input data is first tested with clustering algorithms. We then make finer distinction with a logistic regression classifier. All steps are explained in detail for the benefit of those unfamiliar with computational stylometry. In broadest terms, our results are remarkably consistent with the common opinion about the orations, identifying 49, 50, 52 and 53 as written by a single author, who was not Demosthenes (presumably Apollodorus). We also discuss syntactic traits that are peculiarly ‘Apollodoran’ or ‘Demosthenic’. However, we demonstrate that the data point away from both authors for Dem. 46 and 51, while conclusions about 47 and 59 are ambiguous.
Recent state-of-the-art of fake review detection: a comprehensive review
Authors: Gupta Richa , Jindal Vinita , Kashyap Indu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Online reviews have a significant impact on the purchasing decisions of potential consumers. Positive reviews often sway buyers, even when faced with higher prices. This phenomenon has given rise to a deceptive industry dedicated to crafting counterfeit reviews. Companies frequently indulge in procuring bulk fake reviews, employing them to tarnish their rivals’ reputations or artificially bolster their credibility. These spurious reviews materialize through automated systems or compensated individuals. Thus, detecting fake reviews is becoming increasingly important due to their deceptive nature, as they are extremely difficult for humans to identify. To address this issue, current work has focused on machine learning and deep learning techniques to identify fake reviews. However, they have several limitations, including a lack of sufficient training data, inconsistency in providing accurate solutions across different datasets, concept drift, and inability to address new methods that evolved to create fake reviews over time. The objective of this review paper is to find the gaps in the existing research in the field of fake review detection and provide future directions. This paper provides the latest, comprehensive overview and analysis of research efforts focusing on various techniques employed so far, distinguishing characteristics utilized, and the existing datasets used.
Italian Operetta and the Publishing Industry: The Case of Sonzogno, 1874–1916
Authors: Palidda Alessandra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores the importance of the Casa Sonzogno publishing house for the Italian operetta market from the second half of the nineteenth century until the eve of the First World War, including its offshoot company Casa musicale Lorenzo Sonzogno. The article focuses particularly on Casa Sonzogno’s policies of importation, translation and intermedial adaptation of foreign (mainly French) light music-theatre works, especially in the context of the wider social, economic and technological environment of Milan at the turn of the twentieth century, and considers Sonzogno’s concorsi for young composers. The article then addresses the experimental activities of the Casa musicale Lorenzo Sonzogno (1909–15), notably across opera, operetta and cinema. Casa Sonzogno’s centrality to the establishment of an Italian operetta market, I argue, both highlights the crucial role of publishers in the Italian operetta industry, and offers an alternative theatrical history to familiar narratives focused on Casa Ricordi and Italian opera.
Composing Thoughts: Free Speech and the Importance of Thinking Aloud in Music and Images
Authors: Salje Léa , Simpson Robert Mark 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhy should musical compositions and artistic images be included among the types of expression covered by free speech principles? One way to answer this question is to show how expression in nonverbal media can be functionally similar to other types of verbal expression. But this leaves us with an intuitively unsatisfying explanation of why free speech principles cover nonverbal creative expression that does not functionally emulate literal speech. In this article, as an alternative justification, we develop and defend the idea that musical and pictorial expression‚ much like literal speech, can be media through which people think aloud, as opposed to mere tools for the transmission of thought. We use this proposal to provide a more robust justification for including nonverbal creative expression in the scope of free speech coverage, and we outline some of the practical policy implications that come with adopting this justificatory strategy.
3D-printed lens antenna integrated with OMT for V-band applications
Authors: Ahmad Zunnurain , Harle Lee 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
3D printed orthomode transducer (OMT) integrated with a 3D printed lens antenna is presented in this work. The OMT integrated with the lens antenna covers the range of 54–80 GHz, the radiator can handle a fractional bandwidth of 38%. Fused filament fabrication printing process is used for the domed elliptical profile lens antenna and polyjet printing process is used for fabrication of the OMT. The simulated radiation efficiency of the antenna remains above 90% for the entire bandwidth and the structure shows a gain of above 16 dBi.