bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waking up too early – the consequences of preterm birth on sleep development
Authors: Bennet Laura , Walker David W. , Horne Rosemary S. C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGood quality sleep of sufficient duration is vital for optimal physiological function and our health. Sleep deprivation is associated with impaired neurocognitive function and emotional control, and increases the risk for cardiometabolic diseases, obesity and cancer. Sleep develops during fetal life with the emergence of a recognisable pattern of sleep states in the preterm fetus associated with the development, maturation and connectivity within neural networks in the brain. Despite the physiological importance of sleep, surprisingly little is known about how sleep develops in individuals born preterm. Globally, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks gestation) each year, and these babies are at significant risk of neural injury and impaired brain development. This review discusses how sleep develops during fetal and neonatal life, how preterm birth impacts on sleep development to adulthood, and the factors which may contribute to impaired brain and sleep development, leading to altered neurocognitive, behavioural and motor capabilities in the infant and child. Going forward, the challenge is to identify specific risk factors for impaired sleep development in preterm babies to allow for the design of interventions that will improve the quality and quantity of sleep throughout life.
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Resistance to Echinocandins in Candida Can Be Detected by Performing the Etest Directly on Blood Culture Samples
Authors: Bordallo-Cardona María Ángeles , Marcos-Zambrano Laura Judith , Sánchez-Carrillo Carlos , Bouza Emilio , Muñoz Patricia , Escribano Pilar , Guinea Jesús 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

We examined the rapid evaluation of susceptibility to echinocandins in
Candida
spp. using the Etest performed directly on positive blood cultures and anidulafungin-containing agar plates. We prospectively collected 80 positive blood cultures (Bactec-FX system, Becton-Dickinson, Cockeysville, MD, USA) with echinocandin-susceptible
Candida
spp. (
n
= 60) and echinocandin-intermediate
Candida parapsilosis
(
n
= 20) from patients with candidemia. Additionally, blood culture bottles of nonfungemic/bacteremic patients were spiked with 35 echinocandin-resistant
Candida
species isolates. A total of 2 to 4 drops of medium from each bottle were stroked directly onto both RPMI 1640 agar plates with micafungin and anidulafungin Etest strips (ET
DIR
) and Sabouraud agar plates containing 2 mg/liter of anidulafungin. The isolates were tested according to the EUCAST method and Etest standard (ET
SD
). Essential and categorical agreement between the methods was calculated. The essential agreement and categorical agreement between the EUCAST method and ET
DIR
and ET
SD
were both >97.4%. The essential agreement between ET
DIR
and the EUCAST method for both echinocandins was >97%. The categorical agreement between the
FKS
sequence and ET
DIR
was 97.4%. The ET
DIR
MICs of anidulafungin and micafungin (≥0.19 mg/liter and ≥0.064 mg/liter, respectively) effectively separated all susceptible
FKS
wild-type isolates from the resistant
FKS
mutant isolates. The categorical agreement (62.6%) between the EUCAST method and growth on anidulafungin-containing plates was poor, with the best agreement observed for
Candida glabrata
(94.2%). When performed directly on positive blood cultures from patients with candidemia, the Etest with micafungin and anidulafungin is a reliable procedure for the rapid testing of susceptibility to echinocandins in
Candida
species isolates.
The Catabolite Repressor/Activator Cra Is a Bridge Connecting Carbon Metabolism and Host Colonization in the Plant Drought Resistance-Promoting Bacterium Pantoea alhagi LTYR-11Z
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Muhang , Li Qiqi , Chen Chaoqiong , Qu Meng , Li Mengyun , Wang Yao , Shen Xihui 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Efficient root colonization is a prerequisite for application of plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria in improving health and yield of agricultural crops. We have recently identified an endophytic bacterium,
Pantoea alhagi
LTYR-11Z, with multiple PGP properties that effectively colonizes the root system of wheat and improves its growth and drought tolerance. To identify novel regulatory genes required for wheat colonization, we screened an LTYR-11Z transposon (Tn) insertion library and found
cra
to be a colonization-related gene. By using transcriptome (RNA-seq) analysis, we found that transcriptional levels of an
eps
operon, the
ydiV
gene encoding an anti-FlhD
4
C
2
factor, and the
yedQ
gene encoding an enzyme for synthesis of cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) were significantly downregulated in the Δ
cra
mutant. Further studies demonstrated that Cra directly binds to the promoters of the
eps
operon,
ydiV
, and
yedQ
and activates their expression, thus inhibiting motility and promoting exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and biofilm formation. Consistent with previous findings that Cra plays a role in transcriptional regulation in response to carbon source availability, the activating effects of Cra were much more pronounced when LTYR-11Z was grown within a gluconeogenic environment than when it was grown within a glycolytic environment. We further demonstrate that the ability of LTYR-11Z to colonize wheat roots is modulated by the availability of carbon sources. Altogether, these results uncover a novel strategy utilized by LTYR-11Z to achieve host colonization in response to carbon nutrition in the environment, in which Cra bridges a connection between carbon metabolism and colonization capacity of LTYR-11Z.

IMPORTANCE
Rapid and appropriate response to environmental signals is crucial for bacteria to adapt to competitive environments and to establish interactions with their hosts. Efficient colonization and persistence within the host are controlled by various regulatory factors that respond to specific environmental cues. The most common is nutrient availability. In this work, we unraveled the pivotal role of Cra in regulation of colonization ability of
Pantoea alhagi
LTYR-11Z in response to carbon source availability. Moreover, we identified three novel members of the Cra regulon involved in EPS synthesis, regulation of flagellar biosynthesis, and synthesis of c-di-GMP and propose a working model to explain the Cra-mediated regulatory mechanism that links carbon metabolism to host colonization. This study elucidates the regulatory role of Cra in bacterial attachment and colonization of plants, which raises the possibility of extending our studies to other bacteria associated with plant and human health.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Ganoderma boninense, the Causal Agent of Basal Stem Rot Disease on Oil Palm
Authors: Utomo Condro , Tanjung Zulfikar Achmad , Aditama Redi , Buana Rika Fithri Nurani , Pratomo Antonius Dony Madu , Tryono Reno , Liwang Tony 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Ganoderma boninense
is the dominant fungal pathogen of basal stem rot (BSR) disease on
Elaeis guineensis
. We sequenced the nuclear genome of mycelia using both Illumina and Pacific Biosciences platforms for assembly of scaffolds. The draft genome comprised 79.24 Mb, 495 scaffolds, and 26,226 predicted coding sequences.
Draft Genome Sequence of Novosphingobium sp. Strain HII-3, a Bacterium Capable of Degrading the Cembranoid α(β)-2,7,11-Cembratriene-4,6-Diol to Farnesal
Authors: Huang Shen , Qian Yumei , Wei Tao , Jia Chunxiao , Yang Pengfei , Mao Duobin 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Novosphingobium
sp. HII-3, the first bacterium confirmed to degrade the cembranoid α(β)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol to farnesal, was isolated from cured tobacco leaf in Henan, China. Here, we report the annotated draft genome sequence of strain HII-3, which has an estimated size of 4.45 Mb and comprises 4,072 coding sequences.
Complete Genome Sequencing of a Novel Type of
Omikronpapillomavirus 1
in Indian River Lagoon Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Rodrigues Thaís C. S. , Subramaniam Kuttichantran , Cortés-Hinojosa Galaxia , Wellehan James F. X. , Ng Terry Fei Fan , Delwart Eric , McCulloch Stephen D. , Goldstein Juli D. , Schaefer Adam M. , Fair Patricia A. , Reif John S. , Bossart Gregory D. , Waltzek Thomas B. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of a papillomavirus was determined from fecal samples collected from bottlenose dolphins in the Indian River Lagoon, FL. The genome was 7,772 bp and displayed a typical papillomavirus genome organization. Phylogenetic analysis supported the bottlenose dolphin papillomavirus as being a novel type of
Omikronpapillomavirus
1
.
Draft Genome Sequence of the First South Korean Clinical Isolate of Burkholderia pseudomallei, H0901
Authors: Shin Yong-Woo , Choi Myung-Min , Chun Jeong-Hoon , Yu Jae-Yon , Kim Dae-Won , Rhie Gi-eun 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Burkholderia pseudomallei
H0901. This strain was isolated in 2003 from the first melioidosis patient in South Korea.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Porcine Polyomavirus from Nasal Swabs of Pigs with Respiratory Disease
Authors: Hause Ben M. , Smith Catherine , Bishop Brian , Stewart Chelsea , Simonson Randy 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Metagenomic sequencing of pooled nasal swabs from pigs with unexplained respiratory disease identified a large number of reads mapping to a previously uncharacterized porcine polyomavirus.
Sus scrofa
polyomavirus 2 was most closely related to betapolyomaviruses frequently detected in mammalian respiratory samples.
Evolution of Bacterial Global Modulators: Role of a Novel H-NS Paralogue in the Enteroaggregative
Escherichia coli
Strain 042
Authors: Prieto A. , Bernabeu M. , Aznar S. , Ruiz-Cruz S. , Bravo A. , Queiroz M. H. , Juárez A. 
Published: April 2018

Global regulators such as H-NS play key relevant roles enabling bacterial cells to adapt to a changing environment. H-NS modulates both core and horizontally transferred (HGT) genes, but the mechanism by which H-NS can differentially regulate these genes remains to be elucidated. There are several instances of bacterial cells carrying genes that encode homologues of the global regulators. The question is what the roles of these proteins are. We noticed that the enteroaggregative
E. coli
strain 042 carries a new hitherto uncharacterized copy of the
hns
gene. We decided to investigate why this pathogenic
E. coli
strain requires an extra H-NS paralogue, termed H-NS2. In our work, we show that H-NS2 displays specific expression and regulatory properties. H-NS2 targets a subset of H-NS-specific genes and may help to differentially modulate core and HGT genes by the H-NS cellular pool.
Anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia: case-control study
Authors: Richardson Kathryn , Fox Chris , Maidment Ian , Steel Nicholas , Loke Yoon K , Arthur Antony , Myint Phyo K , Grossi Carlota M , Mattishent Katharina , Bennett Kathleen , Campbell Noll L , Boustani Malaz , Robinson Louise , Brayne Carol , Matthews Fiona E , Savva George M 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To estimate the association between the duration and level of exposure to different classes of anticholinergic drugs and subsequent incident dementia.

Design
Case-control study.

Setting
General practices in the UK contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Participants
40 770 patients aged 65-99 with a diagnosis of dementia between April 2006 and July 2015, and 283 933 controls without dementia.

Interventions
Daily defined doses of anticholinergic drugs coded using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale, in total and grouped by subclass, prescribed 4-20 years before a diagnosis of dementia.

Main outcome measures
Odds ratios for incident dementia, adjusted for a range of demographic and health related covariates.

Results
14 453 (35%) cases and 86 403 (30%) controls were prescribed at least one anticholinergic drug with an ACB score of 3 (definite anticholinergic activity) during the exposure period. The adjusted odds ratio for any anticholinergic drug with an ACB score of 3 was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.14). Dementia was associated with an increasing average ACB score. When considered by drug class, gastrointestinal drugs with an ACB score of 3 were not distinctively linked to dementia. The risk of dementia increased with greater exposure for antidepressant, urological, and antiparkinson drugs with an ACB score of 3. This result was also observed for exposure 15-20 years before a diagnosis.

Conclusions
A robust association between some classes of anticholinergic drugs and future dementia incidence was observed. This could be caused by a class specific effect, or by drugs being used for very early symptoms of dementia. Future research should examine anticholinergic drug classes as opposed to anticholinergic effects intrinsically or summing scales for anticholinergic exposure.

Trial registration
Registered to the European Union electronic Register of Post-Authorisation Studies EUPAS8705.
A narrative review on cervical interventions in adults with chronic whiplash-associated disorder
Authors: Anderson Charlotte , Yeung Euson , Tong Tiffany , Reed Nick 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionWhiplash injuries are common in society, but clinical interventions are inconclusive on the most effective treatment. Research and reviews have been completed with the goal of determining clinical interventions that are effective for whiplash injuries and disorders, but literature has not recently been summarised on best practices for cervical spine interventions for adults with chronic whiplash.PurposeThe objective of this narrative review is to update and expand on previous works, to provide recommendations for clinical interventions and future research in the area of cervical spine rehabilitation for adults with chronic whiplash-associated disorder.MethodThe Arskey and O’Malley methodology was used for this narrative review. CINHAL, EMBASE, Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, as well as grey literature, were searched from 2003 to April 2017. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevance to the review, and content analysis summarised the study findings. A total of 14 citations were included in the final review.FindingsExercise-based interventions targeted at the cervical spine appear most beneficial for adults with chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD). Invasive interventions still require more rigorous studies to deem their effectiveness for this population.ConclusionFurther research is required to investigate and determine clinically relevant results for cervical spine intervention in patients with chronic WAD.
Effect of short and long moderate-intensity exercises in modifying cardiometabolic markers in sedentary Kenyans aged 50 years and above
Authors: Magutah Karani , Meiring Rebecca , Patel Nilesh B , Thairu Kihumbu 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesWe compared effects of shorter moderate-intensity exercise time (<10 min bouts) on cardiometabolic parameters with the current recommendations among elderly adults.MethodsFifty-three sedentary individuals aged ≥50 years were divided into exercise groups1: male and2 female short-duration bouts (MSand FS, respectively), and3 male and4 female long-duration bouts (MLand FL, respectively). Short-duration bouts consisted three 5–10 min moderate-intensity jogging sessions daily, and long-duration bouts consisted 30–60 min sessions 3–5 days weekly. Cumulative exercise times were equivalent. Physical activity (PA) was measured by log and activity monitors. Fasting venous blood at baseline and 8 weekly intervals was used for blood chemistry.ResultsAfter 24 weeks, MSand FSwith total cholesterol (TC) of >5.2 mmol/L and >5.3 mmol/L decreased from 22.2% to 14.8% and from 30.9% to 11.5%, respectively. For ML, this decreased from 25.9% to 3.7%, while FLhad 0% change. In MSand ML, TC/high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) of >5.0 mmol/L dropped from 22.2% to 7.4% and from 22.2% to 15.4%, respectively. In FSand FL, TC/HDL of >4.5 mmol/L declined from 19.2% to 7.7% and from 19.2% to 3.8%, respectively. MSand MLwith fasting blood glucose of ≥5.5 mmol/L declined from 40.7% to 11.1% and from 33.3% to 3.7%, respectively. Similarly, it declined from 46.2% to 0% and 42.3% to 11.5% for FSand FL, respectively. There were no differences in the changes between regimes throughout the study.ConclusionBouts lasting <10 min per session are as good as those lasting ;≥30 min in improving cardiometabolic profiles of sedentary adults aged ≥50 years.
Baseline patient characteristics associated with response to biologic therapy in patients with psoriatic arthritis enrolled in the Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry
Authors: Mease Philip J , Karki Chitra , Liu Mei , Kavanaugh Arthur , Ritchlin Christopher T , Huynh Doquyen Hoa , Palmer Jacqueline B , Greenberg Jeffrey D 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo compare baseline characteristics between patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who achieved and did not achieve minimal disease activity (MDA) with biologic therapy in the US-based Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry.MethodsPatients with PsA aged ≥18 years enrolled between March 2013 and March 2016 who were receiving biologics at enrolment (baseline), not in MDA and had ≥2 follow-up visits were included. Patients were classified as those who remained on their index biologic and achieved MDA at the second follow-up visit (MDA achievers (MDA-A)) and those who did not (MDA non-achievers (MDA-NA)). Demographics, clinical characteristics, patient-reported outcomes and medication history were compared between groups.ResultsOf 148 patients with PsA who met the inclusion criteria, 34 (23.0%) and 114 (77.0%) were classified as MDA-A and MDA-NA, respectively. At baseline, most patients (96.6%) were receiving tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, and both groups were similar in age, sex, race, medication history, enthesitis and dactylitis counts, disease duration and comorbidities. Compared with MDA-A, MDA-NA had significantly worse mean tender joint count (7.2 vs 3.4), patient-reported pain (51.2 vs 35.7), patient-reported fatigue (54.1 vs 42.4), physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire, 1.0 vs 0.6), Bath Ankylosing Disease Activity Index (5.0 vs 3.4) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (4.0 vs 2.0) scores (all p<0.05).ConclusionsApproximately one in four patients achieved MDA with their index biologic at the time of the second follow-up visit. Both groups were similar in several baseline demographic and clinical features; however, patients who did not achieve MDA generally had worse tender joint counts and patient-reported outcomes.
The Impact of Income and Taxation in a Price-Tiered Cigarette Market: findings from the ITC Bangladesh Surveys
Authors: Huq Iftekharul , Nargis Nigar , Lkhagvasuren Damba , Hussain AKM Ghulam , Fong Geoffrey T 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundTaxing tobacco is among the most effective measures of tobacco control. However, in a tiered market structure where multiple tiers of taxes coexist, the anticipated impact of tobacco taxes on consumption is complex. This paper investigates changing smoking behaviour in lieu of changing prices and changing income. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of change in prices (through taxes) and change in income in a price-tiered cigarette market.MethodA panel dataset from the International Tobacco Control Bangladesh surveys is used for analysis. For preliminary analysis transition matrices are developed. Next, probit and multinomial logit regression models are used to identify the effects of changes in prices and changes in income along with other control variables.FindingsTransition matrices show significant movement of smokers across price tiers from one wave to another. Regression results show that higher income raises the probability to up-trade and decreases the probability to down-trade. Results also show that higher prices raises the probability to up-trade and reduces the probability to down-trade. Although not significant, there exists a negative relationship between the probability to down-trade and the probability to intend to quit.ConclusionIt is evident from the results that a price-tiered market provides smokers more opportunities to accommodate their smoking behaviour when faced with price and income change. Therefore, tiered structure of the tax system should be replaced with uniform taxes. Moreover, overall cigarette taxes need to be raised to an extent so that it off-sets any positive effects of income growth.
Association between Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Kuo Chun-Nan , Pan Jen-Jung , Huang Ya-Wen , Tsai Hui-Ju , Chang Wei-Chiao 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: COX-2 overexpression may contribute to colorectal cancer occurrence. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce colorectal cancer recurrence, but the efficacy of primary prevention in Asian populations is still elusive. Thus, we examined the primary preventive efficacy of aspirin and NSAIDs on colorectal cancer incidence in Taiwan.
Methods: A nested case–control study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. We identified patients with diagnosis of colorectal cancer from 2005 to 2013 in the Registry of Catastrophic Illness Patient Database. We selected patients without colorectal cancer from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database as the controls and matched them with cases. NSAID exposure was defined as at least two prescriptions 13 to 48 months prior to the index date. Conditional logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the association between NSAID use and colorectal cancer.
Results: A total of 65,208 colorectal cancer cases and 65,208 matched controls were identified. Patients with aspirin use had a lower risk of colorectal cancer compared with nonusers [adjusted OR (AOR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.90–0.99]. NSAID use was associated with lower incidence of colorectal cancer (AOR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.92–1.00). When examining colon or rectal cancer, similar decreased risks were observed. Patients taking more cumulative days of NSAIDs use tended to experience a more protective effect on colorectal cancer, but no dose–response effects were noted.
Conclusions: Aspirin and NSAIDs were associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer development among a study cohort in an Asian population.
Impact: This study provided a possible chemoprevention for colorectal cancer in an Asian population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(7); 737–45. ©2018 AACR.