bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do social networking applications support the antecedents of knowledge sharing practices?
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Khan Mohammad Javid 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Many organizations are struggling to achieve competitiveness due to lack of knowledge sharing (KS) practices. The sustainability of the service sector is linked to KS practices and creativity. Therefore, to survive in a dynamic business environment, universities have to formulate and implement such practices and innovative learning systems. This paper aims to highlight how social media networking apps can be used efficiently and effectively to support the antecedents of KS among the employees in public and private universities.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a positivistic approach and a quantitative research design. A survey was carried out with employees at public and private universities. The respondents were chosen based on simple random sampling with the purpose of increasing the validity and generalizability of the results in the context of university settings and for other sectors as well.

Findings
Certain individual and organizational factors have been found, which have been supported by social networking tools. These factors can enhance KS practices, such as informal relationships and social networking, effective communication and collaboration, mutual trust and the intention to share knowledge, the KS culture and new ideas. The results of this study reveal that social networking applications such as WhatsApp, Viber, Skype, Facebook, Research-gate, YouTube and personal blogs are more productive in supporting the antecedents of KS stated above in university settings.

Research limitations/implications
Social networking applications have received attention because executives and researchers are increasingly focusing on finding new ways to use social networking tools for business purposes. The effective and efficient use of social networking tools helps organizations to foster knowledge amongst employees to address various critical issues, such as knowledge hoarding, lower levels of skills and knowledge, lower levels of communication and employee involvement, a lack of the intention to share knowledge and resistance toward the adoption of new technology.

Originality/value
There is rare literature available on how social networking tools can support the antecedents of KS in university settings. Most of such literature has investigated the link between social media and KS using a systematic literature and qualitative research approach. This research is based on empirical study and it is unique as it investigates the hitherto under-researched issue of the adoption of social networking applications to foster the antecedents of KS in university settings.
Structural discrimination and social stigma among individuals incarcerated for sexual offenses: Reentry across the rural–urban continuum
Authors: Huebner Beth M. , Kras Kimberly R. , Pleggenkuhle Breanne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe stigma associated with a felony conviction can impede the reentry process, and emerging research findings indicate that one's community can amplify or temper the mark of a criminal record. Researchers examining criminal stigma have focused on individuals living in urban areas, overlooking the experiences of persons outside these communities. Using qualitative data collected from a sample of men and women paroled for sexual offenses in Missouri, we contrast how social and structural stigma alter the reentry experiences for participants living in communities along the rural and urban continuum. The results show that the stigma of a sex offense conviction was a near‐universal experience and residence restrictions stymied efforts to find housing. Residents of urban areas and some large cities felt that the community offered relative anonymity from stigma but the stress of their status being discovered was omnipresent. Participants in rural areas and small cities had less social privacy and reported being shunned in the community, although strong social ties did mitigate some of the consequences of stigma. The results highlight the importance of considering place when studying reentry and have implications for designing correctional policies to address the needs of residents returning to non–metropolitan locations.
The Vulnerable World Hypothesis
Authors: Bostrom Nick 
Published: September 2019

AbstractScientific and technological progress might change people's capabilities or incentives in ways that would destabilize civilization. For example, advances inDIYbiohacking tools might make it easy for anybody with basic training in biology to kill millions; novel military technologies could trigger arms races in which whoever strikes first has a decisive advantage; or some economically advantageous process may be invented that produces disastrous negative global externalities that are hard to regulate. This paper introduces the concept of avulnerable world: roughly, one in which there is some level of technological development at which civilization almost certainly gets devastated by default, i.e. unless it has exited the ‘semi‐anarchic default condition’. Several counterfactual historical and speculative future vulnerabilities are analyzed and arranged into a typology. A general ability to stabilize a vulnerable world would require greatly amplified capacities for preventive policing and global governance. The vulnerable world hypothesis thus offers a new perspective from which to evaluate the risk‐benefit balance of developments towards ubiquitous surveillance or a unipolar world order.
Is the Patent System a Barrier to Inclusive Prosperity? The Biomedical Perspective
Authors: Gubby Helen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs patents grant monopolies, the patent system has a considerable impact on markets. When corporations use certain patent strategies, social welfare can be damaged. This article focuses on how corporations use patent strategies in the biomedical sector. Strategic patenting makes it possible to extend monopolies beyond the designated period and block competitors. Access to fundamental research can be restricted. Patients are disadvantaged by high monopoly prices for drugs, which can mean exclusion from treatment. It is argued here that as biomedical technologies are so vital to the welfare of people, and that in some cases are literally a matter of life or death for patients, this area of technology should not be controlled by private companies through their patent monopolies. The whole biomedical sector should be taken out of the ambit of the patent system.
Genetic Selection for Alcohol Preference in Mice Alters Dorsal Striatum Neurotransmission
Authors: Fritz Brandon M. , Muñoz Braulio , Atwood Brady K. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAlthough it is widely acknowledged that the risk of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) is strongly influenced by genetic factors, very little is known about how this genetic predisposition may alter neurotransmission in a way that promotes AUD susceptibility. The dorsal striatum has garnered increased attention as a brain region of interest in AUD development given its significant roles in goal‐directed and habitual behavior.MethodsIn the present work, dorsal striatal neurotransmission parameters were measured in preclinical mouse models of high and low AUD risk. We performed brain slice whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiological recordings from medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral (DLS) striatum of naïve adult male and female selectively bred high‐ and low‐alcohol–preferring lines of mice (HAP and LAP).ResultsWe found that MSNs of HAP mice were significantly more excitable than those of LAP mice, specifically in the DLS. Additionally, the frequencies of spontaneous glutamate‐ and GABA‐mediated currents were both elevated in HAP mice relative to LAP mice in both dorsal striatal subregions, whereas amplitude differences were more variable between lines and subregions. AMPAR/NMDAR current ratios were significantly lower in HAP mice in both DLS and DMS.ConclusionsCollectively, these results suggest that genetic predisposition for high or low alcohol consumption produces significantly different basal functional states within both DLS and DMS which may be important factors in the behavioral phenotypes of HAP and LAP mice.
A morphological and stereological study on brain, cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum of New Zealand rabbits
Authors: Selçuk Muhammet Lütfi , Tıpırdamaz Saadettin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this research was to determine brain, cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum volume and volume ratios by using stereological methods and investigate morphological differences between female and male New Zealand rabbits. The study was applied on 14‐month old (10 male and 10 female) New Zealand rabbits. The materials removed from the cavum cranii using dorsal approach. After following routine histological procedure, paraffin blocks were prepared and cut every seventieth section at 10 μm thickness. Slides were stained with Crossmon's triple stain and photographed. The sectional images obtained were transferred to ImageJ program to estimate grey and white matter volume on cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum with principle of Cavalieri. According to results, there was no asymmetry on the left and right cerebral hemispheres of New Zealand rabbits. In the total hemisphere volume calculated by Cavalieri principle, grey and white matter ratio was 81.57% and 18.43% in female, 82.80% and 17.20% in male. It was found that the white matter was significantly higher in females than males in cerebral hemispheres (p < .05). Also, it was found that grey and white matter ratio in total cerebellum volume was 67.82% and 32.18% in female, 67.94% and 32.06% in male respectively. It was determined that the females' white matter was larger than male rabbits in cerebellum (p < .05). It is thought that morphometric data obtained from this study will contribute to the existing anatomical knowledge and also considered as reference values in the clinical sciences.
A stepwise thrombolysis regimen in the management of acute portal vein thrombosis in patients with evidence of intestinal ischaemia
Authors: Benmassaoud Amine , AlRubaiy Laith , Yu Dominic , Chowdary Pratima , Sekhar Mallika , Parikh Pathik , Finkel Jemima , See Teik Choon , O’Beirne James , Leithead Joanna A. , Patch David 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundAnticoagulation alone in acute, extensive portomesenteric vein thrombosis (PVT) does not always result in spontaneous clot lysis, and leaves the patient at risk of complications including intestinal infarction and portal hypertension.AimTo develop a new standard of care for patients with acute PVT and evidence of intestinal ischaemia.MethodsWe present a case series of patients with acute PVT and evidence of intestinal ischaemia plus ongoing symptoms despite initial systemic anticoagulation, who were treated with a thrombolysis protocol between 2014 and 2019. This stepwise protocol initially uses low‐dose systemic alteplase, and in patients with ongoing abdominal pain, and no evidence of radiological improvement, is followed by local clot dissolution therapy (CDT) through a TIPSS. Outcomes and safety were assessed.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were included. The mean age was 44.6 (standard deviation [SD] 16.0) years, and 64% had an identifiable prothrombotic risk factor. All patients had intestinal wall oedema and 77% had complete occlusion of all portomesenteric veins. Systemic thrombolysis was started 18.7 (SD 11.2) days after the onset of symptoms. 55% of patients underwent TIPSS insertion for CDT. At the end of treatment, symptoms resolved in 91% of patients and recanalisation in 86%. Only one patient required resection for intestinal ischaemia, and there were no deaths. Major complications occurred in two patients (9%).ConclusionsOur stepwise protocol is effective, resulting in good recanalisation rates. It can be commenced early while organising transfer to a centre capable of performing local CDT.
Affective cognition in bipolar disorder: A systematic review by the ISBD targeting cognition task force
Authors: Miskowiak Kamilla W. , Seeberg Ida , Kjaerstad Hanne L. , Burdick Katherine E. , Martinez‐Aran Anabel , del Mar Bonnin Caterina , Bowie Christopher R. , Carvalho Andre F. , Gallagher Peter , Hasler Gregor , Lafer Beny , López‐Jaramillo Carlos , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , McIntyre Roger S. , Schaffer Ayal , Porter Richard J. , Purdon Scot , Torres Ivan J. , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Young Allan H. , Kessing Lars V. , Van Rheenen Tamsyn E. , Vieta Eduard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundImpairments in affective cognition are part of the neurocognitive profile and possible treatment targets in bipolar disorder (BD), but the findings are heterogeneous. The International Society of Bipolar Disorder (ISBD) Targeting Cognition Task Force conducted a systematic review to (i) identify the most consistent findings in affective cognition in BD, and (ii) provide suggestions for affective cognitive domains for future study and meta‐analyses.MethodsThe review included original studies reporting behavioral measures of affective cognition in BD patients vs controls following the procedures of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Searches were conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychInfo from inception until November 2018.ResultsA total of 106 articles were included (of which nine included data for several affective domains); 41 studies assessed emotional face processing; 23 studies investigated reactivity to emotional words and images; 3 investigated explicit emotion regulation; 17 assessed implicit emotion regulation; 31 assessed reward processing and affective decision making. In general, findings were inconsistent. The most consistent findings were trait‐related difficulties in facial emotion recognition and implicit emotion regulation, and impairments in reward processing and affective decision making during mood episodes. Studies using eye‐tracking and facial emotion analysis revealed subtle trait‐related abnormalities in emotional reactivity.ConclusionThe ISBD Task Force recommends facial expression recognition, implicit emotion regulation, and reward processing as domains for future research and meta‐analyses. An important step to aid comparability between studies in the field would be to reach consensus on an affective cognition test battery for BD.
Prospective associations between children's depressive symptoms and peer victimization: The role of social helplessness
Authors: Kochel Karen P. , Rafferty Dana 
Published: September 2019

Investigating precursors to peer victimization, a particularly damaging form of peer maltreatment, represents an important research objective. This study's purpose was to evaluate the hypothesis that social helplessness is one mechanism underlying the pathway from early depressive symptoms to subsequent peer victimization among preadolescents in the third through fifth grades (N = 230; 126 girls; Mage at recruitment = 9.48; SD = 0.68). We collected self‐reports of depressive symptoms and peer victimization and teacher reports of social helplessness in the fall of 2015 or 2016 (T1) and at two subsequent time points (T2 and T3) separated by 6‐month lags. Results from a random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model provided evidence for our hypothesized model in which T2 social helplessness partially mediated the effect of T1 depressive symptoms on T3 peer victimization. Findings underscore the importance of school‐based prevention and youth development programmes that promote social‐emotional learning for youth who are symptomatic for depression.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on the subject?

Children's depressive symptoms and interpersonal dysfunction are related in a transactional way.

Children who are symptomatic for depression tend to exhibit social‐behavioural deficits.

Depression‐linked, social‐behavioural deficits are associated with relationship disturbances.

What does this study add?

Children's socially helpless behaviour mediated the contribution of depressive symptoms to subsequent peer victimization.

Depressive symptoms predicted, and were predicted by, socially helpless behaviour.

Socially helpless behaviour increased risk for, but did not result from, peer victimization.
Long‐term performance of bicuspid and quadricuspid aortic valves: Similarities and differences
Authors: Sharif Dawod , Azzam Elias , Sharif‐Rasslan Amal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital cardiac anomaly, quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is rare. The usual three‐leaflet aortic valve is characterized by engineering advantages with superior long‐term performance, and thus, degenerative changes and significant functional deterioration appear at advanced age. Aim: Evaluation of long‐term performance, similarities, and differences between QAV and BAV. Methods: Screening of 19 000 consecutive echocardiographic studies was performed. Results: BAV was reported in 131 subjects with a prevalence of 0.7%, while QAV was seen in 11 with a prevalence of 0.06%, P < .00001. Age of BAV patients was younger, 45 ± 20 years vs 62 ± 17 years in QAV, P < .05, with higher proportion of females in those with QAV, 40% vs 30%. Chamber diameters were similar in both groups. Higher atrial contraction‐A‐wave mitral peak velocities and longer E‐wave deceleration times were found in subjects with QAV, P < .05 for both. Dilated ascending aorta was found in 25% of patients with BAV and in 18% of those with QAV, P = .2. Moderate and severe aortic valve stenosis were found in 21% of patients with BAV and in 27% of those with QAV, P = ns. More than moderate aortic regurgitation was found in 15.5% of BAV patients and in 9% of QAV, P = ns. Aortic valve infective endocarditis was found in 1.5% of BAV patients and in 9% of those with QAV. Conclusions: BAV is a common congenital anomaly, while QAV is rare. Similar prevalence of significant valve disease and aortopathy was found in both anomalies, though at younger age in BAV patients.
Effects of variable maternal temperature on offspring development and reproduction of Rhopalosiphum padi, a serious global pest of wheat
Authors: Peng Xiong , Zhao Qi , Guo Xin , Su Sha , Liu Lang , Li Yuting , Song Chunman , Chen Maohua 
Published: September 2019

1. Global warming is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Information about how variable temperature affects insect life‐history traits is still scarce.2. The current study first evaluated the effects of two variable‐temperature treatments [high‐temperature‐variation (HT) treatments and mild‐temperature‐variation (MT) treatments] on the life‐history traits of a maternal generation (F0) of Rhopalosiphum padi, a serious global pest, using a constant normal‐temperature (NT) treatment as a control. Following this, the life‐history traits of the offspring generation (F1) under the NT, MT and HT scenarios were analysed.3. The total developmental duration of the aphid F0 generation was significantly shortened by MT treatments, while it was significantly increased by HT treatments. Adult longevity and the fecundity of F0 were significantly decreased by HT treatments compared with those in the MT and NT treatments, whereas no significant difference was found between the latter two treatments. The HT treatments applied to the F0 generation significantly prolonged the total developmental duration of the F1 generation. The offspring adult longevity was not affected by the mothers' temperature experience. The offspring fecundity was significantly increased when the F0 generation experienced MT treatments. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was significantly decreased when the F0 generation experienced an HT scenario. However, the MT scenario experienced by the F0 generation did not significantly affect the rm of their offspring.4. The results will provide new insights into the effects of variable maternal temperature on the individual development and population dynamics of offspring under a global warming scenario.
Abnormalities in FGF family members and their roles in modulating depression‐related molecules
Authors: Xu Yu‐Hao , Zhu Yan , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Wei Hong , Zhang Ning‐Ning , Qin Jia‐Sheng , Zhu Xiao‐Lan , Yu Ming , Li Yue‐Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe role of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system in depression has received considerable attention in recent years. To understand the role of this system, it is important to identify the specific members of the FGF family that have been implicated and the various mechanisms that they modulated. Here, we review the role of FGFs in depression and integrate evidence from clinical and basic research. These data suggest that changes in the FGF family are involved in depression and possibly in a wider range of psychiatric disorders. We analyse the abnormalities of FGF family members in depression and their roles in modulating depression‐related molecules. The role of the FGF family in depression and related disorders needs to be studied in more detail.
Digital Module 07: Subscores: Evaluation and Reporting https://ncme.elevate.commpartners.com
Authors: Sinharay Sandip 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTest score users often demand the reporting of subscores due to their potential diagnostic, remedial, and instructional benefits. Therefore, there is substantial pressure on testing programs to report subscores. However, professional standards require that subscores have to satisfy minimum quality standards before they can be reported. In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Sandip Sinharay reviews the status quo on the reporting of subscores. Specifically, he first provides examples of operationally reported subscores, discusses why subscores are in high demand, and discusses professional quality standards that subscores have to satisfy. He then describes various statistical methods that can be used to evaluate whether subscores satisfy professional standards, which include descriptive statistics, DIMTEST/DETECT, factor analysis, multidimensional item response theory, and the Haberman method. He provides guidance for how to implement these methods on real data using the R package “subscores.” The digital module includes video illustrations using real data, quiz questions with diagnostic feedback, data‐based activities with video solutions, curated resources, and a glossary.
Experimental evidence that winning or losing a fight does not affect sperm quality in a field cricket
Authors: Tuni Cristina , Mizerakis Vangelis‐Loukas , Dingemanse Niels J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFighting is a powerful social experience that can affect male reproductive behavior, including ejaculatory strategies. Whereas winners may monopolize females, losers may instead perceive high sperm competition and limited future mating opportunities, and accordingly enhance ejaculate quality to maximize their reproductive success. In male field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus that fight aggressively for control of breeding territories, winners are known to possess sperm of lower quality (viability) compared to losers, but it remains unclear whether this is due to short‐term fighting consequences. To test if the fighting experience per se (winning or losing) affects male adjustment of sperm viability, we subjected males to winning and losing experiences by staging fights against size‐matched rivals of known fighting ability. These rivals were males that previously won or lost a fight and, due to “winner‐loser effects” kept winning or losing subsequent contests. We sampled sperm prior and after the fight and twice in control males with no fighting experience and found no differences in sperm viability across measures. We conclude that males do not tailor their ejaculate quality following a single fight, or based on its outcome. Intrinsic differences in other attributes between winners and loser phenotypes may explain differences in sperm quality previously described in this system.