bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginal microbiota in the first trimester of pregnancy in women with a history of miscarriage
Authors: Sinyakova Anna A. , Shipitsyna Elena V. , Budilovskaya Olga V. , Martikaynen Zinaida M. , Grigoryev Aleksey N. , Bolotskikh Vyacheslav M. , Savicheva Alevtina M. 
Published: December 2018

Hypothesis/aims of study. Dysbiotic disorders of the vagina are one of the main risk factors of miscarriage. The analysis of vaginal microbiota during pregnancy in women having a history of miscarriage may contribute to understanding the importance of specific types of vaginal flora in the development of processes resulting in spontaneous abortion or preterm birth. This study was undertaken to evaluate the vaginal flora in the 1st trimester of pregnancy in women having a history of miscarriage.
Study design, materials, and methods. To participate in the study, 160 individuals in the 1st trimester of pregnancy with and without a history of miscarriage were invited. Group 1 included 100 women with a history of miscarriage, group 2 consisted of 60 women without a history of miscarriage. The vaginal flora was analyzed with microscopic, bacteriological, and quantitative real-time PCR methods.
Results. In patients with a history of miscarriage, the frequency of dysbiotic disorders of the vaginal flora was three times higher (11.0% and 3.3%) and pH value of the vaginal fluid was significantly higher. Along with a significant reduction of the proportion of the Lactobacillus flora in the 1st trimester of pregnancy in patients having a history of miscarriage, there was a significant increase in the abundance of opportunistic microorganisms, mostly aerobic flora, such as Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Furthermore, there was a significant predominance of Ureaplasma spp. and Candida spp. in women with a miscarriage history.
Conclusion. The vaginal microbiota in the 1st trimester of pregnancy in women having a history of miscarriage is characterized by higher pH values of the vaginal fluid, the prevalence of opportunistic microorganisms, a decrease in the abundance of the Lactobacillus flora, and a higher concentration of aerobic bacteria, Ureaplasma spp., and Candida spp. These findings indicate dysbiotic disorders of the vaginal microbiocenosis in women having a history of miscarriage, which can lead to late miscarriage and pretem birth.
Effect of diabetes compensation on ovarian function recovery in women of reproductive age with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tolpygina Margarita G. , Tarasova Marina A. , Borovik Natalia V. , Misharina Elena V. , Tiselko Alyona V. 
Published: December 2018

Hypothesis/aims of study. The adverse effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the female reproductive system have been proved by many studies. There is still conflicting literature on the impact of diabetes and other factor compensation on ovarian function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Study design, materials and methods. The current analysis was undertaken to study the effects of diabetes compensation on ovarian function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. In order to this, 180 individuals aged 20 to 40 years were examined. The main group consisted of 112 diabetic patients with primary ovarian insufficiency, the comparison group included 68 women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and a normal ovulatory cycle. After 18–24 months following the therapy aimed to compensate diabetes, 63 patients with ovarian insufficiency were re-examined. The examination included determination of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, total and free testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, as well as ultrasound examination in the first and second phases of the menstrual cycle.
Results. Association of ovarian insufficiency with HbA1c level and the dose of insulin was found. Patients in the main group experienced a decrease in FSH and SHBG levels, an increase in the ovarian volume and the number of antral follicles compared to those in diabetic patients with a normal ovulatory cycle. In patients with decompensated diabetes and ovarian insufficiency, after the compensation of diabetes, the recovery of the ovulatory cycle was observed in 61.8 % of cases.
Conclusion. Ovarian function in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus depends on HbA1c level and the dose of insulin. Diabetes compensation in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus contributes to the recovery of ovulation in 61.8 % of cases.
Inter-hospital obstetric referrals: public versus private sector to a tertiary care teaching hospital in South Kerala, India
Authors: T. Heera Shenoy , Shenoy Sheela 
Published: December 2018

Background: Inter-hospital Emergency obstetric transfers should be carried out effectively and efficiently to avoid maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Authors would like to analyse the determinants ,patterns and reasons for referrals to tertiary hospital for women with obstetric high-risk, complications and obstetric emergencies from both public and private sectors and look into course in hospital and their feto-matermal morbidities.Methods: Descriptive study done at a tertiary care teaching hospital where 124 obstetrical referrals from nearby private and public health sectors were recruited.Results: Infertility treated obstetric referrals were at significant risk of referral (p value-0.002). Public sector referrals had past history of early pregnancy loss which was significant (p value-0.002). Public sector had statistically significant in -labour referrals (p value-0.04). All the obstetric referrals from public health sector reached within half an hour while one third of private sector referrals travelled more than an hour for emergency obstetric care (p value 0.001). Bronchial Asthma caused significant morbidity among public sector referrals (p value-0.001). Public sector referrals <31 weeks were nil while 55 % obstetric referrals were referred <31 weeks from various private hospitals seeked neonatal care with significant p value (0.016). NICU admissions were statistically significant in private sector referrals (p-value 0.001). Mean hospital stay in private sector referrals was 10.17 days and it was 7.62 days in government referrals.Conclusions: Specific guidelines for whom to refer, how to refer, when to refer and where to refer would be helpful in making timely referral. More stringent documentation in the referral slips and more co-ordination between the referral unit and the higher centers are required to build a strong health system.
La Guerra del Chaco vista por los ojos de los militares del ejército brasileño (1932-1935)
Authors: Rodrigues Fernando Da Silva , Da Silva Érica Sarmiento 
Published: December 2018

Esta investigación analizó parte de la documentación producida por el ejército brasileño, que revela la posición institucional sobre la guerra boliviano-paraguaya en el Chaco Boreal, conflicto ocurrido entre los años 1932 a 1935 en las fronteras centrales de América del Sur, para tratar de identificar en esos documentos construcciones históricas y políticas sobre las tensiones fronterizas en la década de 1930. El artículo refuerza que, además del conflicto entre Bolivia y Paraguay, ocurrían tensiones políticas establecidas entre Brasil y Argentina por la rivalidad tradicional y la disputa por el el poder regional.La investigación, pautada en los argumentos teóricos establecidos por la geopolítica de Mário Travassos, ayudó también a demostrar que los militares brasileños del periodo fueron los principales responsables por la intervención de la región Norte y del Centro-Oeste brasileño considerando, para este propósito, la ocupación territorial y el control de los límites terrestres, para mantener la soberanía nacional.
Developing Authentic L2 Reading Materials
Authors: Rajabi Seifoddin , Farahian Majid 
Published: December 2018

Reading means different things to different people; for some it is recognizing written words, while for others, it is an opportunity to teach pronunciation and practice speaking. However, reading always has a purpose. It is something that we do everyday; it is an integral part of our daily lives, taken very much for granted and generally assumed to be something that everyone can do. The reason for reading depends very much on the purpose for reading. Among aspects which prove positive when using authentic materials is that they are highly motivating, giving a sense of achievement when understood and encourage further reading. One of the main reasons for using authentic materials in the classroom is once outside the controlled language learning environment, the learner will not encounter the artificial language of the classroom but the real world and language the way it is really used (Berardo, 2006). Keywords: Authenticity; Foreign language (L2) learning; Reading comprehension; Reading materials
The New Learning Environment Meets the General Needs of the Students Teacher for a Day
Authors: Teurculet Alina 
Published: December 2018

The issues of teaching styles represent a constant concern of contemporary pedagogy. The analysis of the determinants of educational styles is aimed at identifying effective style in relation to each educational context according to Fiedler’s contingency model. There are some opinions that effective educational style could be described by the interaction of two dimensions: control or independence and emotionality (Potolea et al., 1989; Iucu, 2008). A previous study conducted in 1939 by Lippitt showed that in the democratic classroom atmosphere, the teacher, as a formal leader, helped to make a central position in the group stratification accessible to all members, and a friendly spirit of work recognition existed between the members - items on co-operation, praise, constructive suggestions, and objective criticism. A dominating type of verbal expression appeared to be the only path left open by which members could strive toward status in autocratic classroom atmosphere (Lippitt, 1939). Previous studies highlighted the impact of culture within they occur on communication skills (Serbanescu, 2009). In these circumstances, we intend to conduct a study, at the level of primary education classes, in order to investigate the relation between the leadership style of the teacher and students achievements. Previous studies recorded better results regarding intrinsic motivation and group cohesion (Soar, 1972). We also intend to investigate the influence of democratic atmosphere on school results in terms of students' emotional potential. Keywords: Democratic classroom atmosphere; Formal and informal structures in group dynamics; Group cohesion; Results in terms of students' emotional potential
The Use of ICT in Pre-School Institutions
Authors: Pavlovic Dragana , Petrovic Zorica Stanisavljevic , Vulic Tatjana 
Published: December 2018

The application of modern ICT tools in pre-school institutions is conditioned by various factors, both general and personal, which are related to the personality of pre-school teachers. The main aim of this paper is to examine the attitudes of pre-school teachers regarding the use of ICT in the process of upbringing of pre-school children. The results of the research obtained on a sample of 212 respondents show that pre-school teachers are aware of the insufficient use of ICT tools in the process of upbringing, as well as that there is a statistically significant difference in the attitudes of pre-school teachers with respect to the level of their education and years of service. The conclusions of the research point to the necessity of systemic changes, which would imply a better ICT equipment in kindergartens, as well as attendance of pre-school teacher training programs. Keywords: ICT potentials; Pre-school teachers; Years of experience, Years of service
Life Quality Evaluation of University Students Who do Sport and do not do Sport
Authors: Ozturk Emsal , Uzunali Husrev , Bekir Hatice 
Published: December 2018

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate life quality of university students who do sport and don’t do sport, considering the effects of sport on life quality and common usage of the topic. Study’s working group who used descriptive survey method is consisted of 100 Gazi University, physical education and sports higher school students and 100 Gazi University, faculty of science and literature students, totally 200 students,. In this study, Personal information form and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) whose adaptation was done by Kucukdeveci and his friends and whose reliability practiced and developed by Hunt and his friends was used as a data collection tool. At the end of study, university students’ life qualities can be seen different according to the condition of doing sport, in positive way statistically. It is concluded that total life quality, energy level, ache, emotional reaction, social isolation, sleeping and physical activity level is significantly high (p < 0.05) for someone who do sports. Keywords: Life Quality; Sports; University Student
Availability of the Universal Human Rights Concepts in the Arabic Language Curricula in Palestine
Authors: Jalambo Mahmoud O. , Saleh Najwa F. 
Published: December 2018

This study aimed at identifying the human rights concepts which should be included in the Arabic language textbooks of the primary schools in Palestine. It examines to which degree human rights concepts have been included in the Arabic language textbooks of the primary schools in Palestine. The study population consists of all the Arabic textbooks approved by the ministry of education for the academic year 2013-2014 in the primary schools, as the researchers’ sample is 12 textbooks. They used the descriptive analysis to identify the concepts contained in the Arabic textbooks, and the content analysis was used to identify the human rights concepts contained in the study sample. It was found that there is a realistic perception to integrate the human rights culture within the Arabic language curriculum in Palestine. It was also found that the Arabic language textbooks of the first and second primary grade focus on rights of essential freedoms over social and economic rights. Keywords: Arabic language curricula in Palestine; Human rights concepts;
An Examination of Smoking Status of Students Attending to Vocational School of Physical Education and Sports, and The Factors Effective Thereon
Authors: Ozturk Emsal , Uzunali Husrev , Demirsoy Recep 
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present study is to examine the smoking habits of students attending to Vocational School of Physical Education and Sports.The questionnaire for eliciting information, as regards when and how smoking has begun, as developed by Colakoglu (2005) based on expert opinions was used as the data collection tool in the study. The sample of study was comprised of the students attending to Vocational School of Physical Education and Sports, BartınUniversity, and the study group was composed 100 students enrolled in the study on the basis of voluntariness. The 18-item questionnaire as utilised in the study was developed by TekinColakoglu based on expert opinoins with an aim to elicit information as regards demographic structure of students and when and how they begin smoking. Percentage and frequency distribution of data collected from replies to questionnaire items were presented and comparisons were made based on sub-variables of certain items. As a result of study, 58 percent of students participated in the study were from “22–26 years” age group, 72 percent were “Men,” 56 percent were “4thClass”students, 47.4 percent reported to have begun smoking at “High School,” 47.4 percent said they were affected by their “Friends” to begin smoking, and 68.4% they want to quit smoking.” In conclusion smoking is a bad habit and students begin smoking unwillingly by being affected by their friends. It can be concluded that educators and families should be more cautious and sensitive about smoking especially at secondary education. Keywords: Smoking; Universitystudent; Vocational School of Physical Education and Sports
Surveying the Effectiveness of Educational Complexes on Educational Equity of Bushehr Province Education System
Authors: Behroozi Mohammad , Faryabi Mehdi 
Published: December 2018

The aim of this paper was to survey the effectiveness of educational complexes on educational equity Bushehr province Education System in curricular year 2011-2012. This was a descriptive-survey research. Data were gathered via two researcher-structured questionnaires based on Likert scale. Statistical population consisted of 232 students and 41 teachers who were randomly selected based on simple sampling method. Content analysis was used for validity and Cronbach's Alpha was also used for reliability (α=0.88). Findings, based on appropriately statistical analyses, showed that there would be no significant relationship between independent students and complex regarding curricular progress, educational equity, attitude towards educational quality, educational facilities while teachers' attitude towards educational quality and facilities were supported and also there would be a significant relationship between the education quality and teachers' servicing experience. Keywords:Educational and training complexes; Educational equity; Effectiveness
The Impact of Writers with Bmental Thinking on Readers’ Positive Interpretation of Other Cultures (Evidence from Russian and Kazakh Literature of the XX Century)
Authors: Orazbayeva Narkes S. Orazbayeva , Nurgali Kadisha R. 
Published: December 2018

Literature always was a reflection of stereotyped and private visions of the world, including perception of other cultures. With proper reading it is possible to distinguish authors whose oeuvre and world perception equally connects two cultural layers and objectively reveal the image of other nation. The analysis of these poets’ works require the use of the term "bimentality", which has already found application in articles on cultural studies, political science and teaching methods. The purpose of this article is to define the term "bimentality" in literary criticism by employing the material of Kazakh and Russian poets and writers’ oeuvre, including emigre writers’ works, to reveal prerequisites for the development of bimental consciousness and particular artistic styles that affect readers' positive interpretation of other cultures. The investigation identifies appropriate aspects of studying, such as specific artistic features, interethnic communication, visions of Europe and Asia and ways of using this method of reading The use of comparative analysis and context-hermeneutical method provides an opportunity to interpret works in light of literary, cultural, sociological and ethnographic questions that make the research applicable to interdisciplinary studies. Our results show that the development of bimental consciousness is caused by a country's social and political conditions; history of international relations; biographical factors and children's perception formation that influence the degree of ethnic identity, artistic style and vision of spatial and temporal boundaries. Poets and writers with bimental thinking can be intermediators between different mental realms and thus promoting the development of intercultural understanding. Keywords: Bimentality; Bimental thinking; Eurasianism; National identity; Russian literature
Conversation Analysis of Code-Switched Repair Sequences in the Educational Context
Authors: Akynova Damira , Agmanova Atirkul , Kakzhanova Sholpan , Aimoldina Aliya Aimoldina , Assanova Aliya 
Published: December 2018

The paper considers Anglo-Kazakh code-switching in the repair sequences among first-year students majoring in “Foreign language: two foreign languages”. The study was conducted at Gumilyov Eurasian National University in Astana, Kazakhstan. Some specific characteristics of educational policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan are analysed. The results show that code-switching in repair sequences is used as: a) self-initiated self-repair; b) self-initiated other-repair; and c) candidate understanding. Repair initiation when code-switching happens to understand, to confirm and to clarify statements. Due to the specific linguistic situation of Kazakhstan, code-switching in the FL classroom may occur from English to Kazakh, or from English to Russian, depending on dominance of the language in the linguistic repertoire of the speaker. Keywords: Conversation analysis; Code-switching; Repair
Systemic problems of fiction genre (experience in studying small and medium epic forms)
Authors: Nurgali Kadisha R. , Saduakas Gaukhar K. , Tusupova Almagul K. 
Published: December 2018

In present globalized world of scientific thinking in literary criticism the problem of generating a system of scientific criteria to determine the genre of fiction is still relevant. Solution to this problem is to develop a methodology and methods of a comprehensive study of the four-level system of content and form of the fiction whole. The origins of this approach are explained in scientific pursuits of the Kazan core group headed by Professor Nigmatullina, the Commission for the comprehensive study of belles-letters art and works of the Russian Academy of Sciences. These surveys developed in the writings of Kulumbetova (the concept of the four-level system of content and form of the work of fiction of epic, poetry, drama; methodology and techniques of its integrated study) formed the basis of our research. The plan of this article is to present a system of criteria for determining genre features of an epic work. To achieve the goal it is necessary to consider the functions of present chronotope (entanglements in the traditional sense) in the disclosure of the genre form of the work and isomorphic function of the active site (climaxs in the traditional sense) and semantic parts of the text in the disclosure features of genre form, genre and genre type of a work. The results show that the genre form of an epic work as an art system is revealed on three levels of the work and is associated with the upper limit of present chronotope. It is due to the amount of raised problems and their climaxs (the fourth level) and emerges in an isomorphic way in the volume of climaxs and semantic units (paragraphs and sentences). The number of situations in them and the activity of the main and secondary characters (the third and fourth levels) also influence the genre form. Genre as an art system communicates with the third and fourth levels of the work: with the analysis of the active site and semantic parts of the text (microfocuses, focuses and microactive sites). Genre type is in the isomorphic way denoted by the prevailing levels in the name and types of initial syntagmas of the active site and semantic parts of the text. In the future, we see the further development of the system of criteria for the genre specificity of the novel. Keywords: Genre form; genre; genre type; four-level system of a work of fiction; present chronotope; active site.