bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood stream infections in Stevens Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Risk factors and association with poor outcome
Authors: Amber Tazein , Tabassum Saadia , Mehmood Saad Bin Zafar , Ali Syed Ahsan , Javed Umair , Mushtaq Muhammad Zain 
Published: November 2024

Background & Objective: Blood Stream Infections (BSI) are considered a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). We aimed to identify risk factors for BSI upon admission, highlight clinical and microbiological findings and ascertain the frequency of mortality in patients with BSI in SJS/TEN.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study over 12 years (2011-2022) was performed in the department of medicine at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. All patients admitted with the diagnosis of SJS or TEN were included from the health information management system. We included clinical and microbiological details, reviewed medical charts, and filled out a predesigned proforma.
Results: A total of 100 patients were admitted with SJS or TEN. The majority (55%) were of age greater than 40 years and had female preponderance (57%). Sixty five patients had a prior history of using a precipitating drug. BSI was seen in 19 patients; 68.4% had a mono-microbial infection, while 31.5% had a poly-microbial infection. In total, 10 organisms were identified, Staphylococcus aureus being the most common isolate followed by Enterococcus. Twelve patients required intensive care monitoring while 33 patients had hospital stays of equal or more than seven days. The overall mortality rate was 15% while it was 60% in those with BSI. SCORTEN score of ≥4 had a significant impact on mortality (60% deaths).
Conclusion: Vigilant monitoring and early detection of BSI in SJS/TEN patients, especially those presenting with high SCORTEN scores can enhance clinical outcomes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9360
How to cite this: Amber T, Tabassum S, Mahmood SBZ, Ali SA, Javed U, Mushtaq MZ. Blood stream infections in Stevens Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Risk factors and association with poor outcome. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2495-2501. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9360
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Academic excellence: A comprehensive investigation of medical students′ study habits, strategies, and sources in medical colleges of Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Osama  , Saeed Afaq , Muhammad Raza Ul Haq  , Mallahat Abdul Baseer  
Published: November 2024

Background & objective: It’s no secret that medical students have access to a plethora of medical literature, which can make it challenging to determine the right sources and how to cover them effectively using various study habits and strategies. Our objective was to determine the association of study habits (time and location), study duration, study strategies, and study sources with academic performance.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in six Medical Colleges in Peshawar, Pakistan between 13th April 2023 to 13th Jun 2023. Total 138 students were selected for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Participants were from both genders and in both public and private sector medical colleges. First-year students and students from medical colleges outside of Peshawar were excluded from the study. SPSS (Version 20.0) was used for data analysis.
Results: The study revealed that daily study hours (during normal days), residence status, library study, morning study timings, active recall, MCQS solving, and watching online videos made a significant association with academic performance (P < 0.05). Pearson’s correlation showed a positive and statistically significant association between daily study hours (during normal days), study strategies, and academic performance (p < 0.05). The multiple regression model explained 30.5% of the variance in academic performance.
Conclusion: This study established a noteworthy link between academic performance and various factors, including daily study hours, strategies, and specific study sources. Notably, morning study sessions, active recall, MCQs-based strategies, and online video resources showed significant associations with enhanced academic performance.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9502
How to cite this: Osama M, Saeed A, Raza ul Haq M, Baseer MA. Academic excellence: A comprehensive investigation of medical students′ study habits, strategies, and sources in medical colleges of Peshawar, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2594-2599. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9502
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Are congenital malformations associated with maternal sociodemographic and risk factors? A multicenter ultrasound-based study
Authors: Aslam Awan Jawaria , Qamar Aisha , Surti Ambreen , Anwar Eman 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Congenital malformations (CM) are structural defects of the human body that arise during development. They significantly impact neonatal outcomes such as morbidity and mortality, hence identification of risk factors and their reduction is vital to improve materno-fetal outcomes. In Karachi, Pakistan, there is insufficient data on the incidence of congenital malformations. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate a prospective case control study. The desired objective was to determine the association of congenital malformations with sociodemographic and maternal risk factors in different ethnicities.
Methods: This multi-center case control study spanned over a duration of six months (December 2022 – May 2023) and included women ranging from 18–45 years using purposive sampling technique. It was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center and Tanveer Ultrasound Clinic. Sample of 120 participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study after purposive sampling. Sonoscape S22 ultrasound system and Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound system were used to detect congenital malformations.
Results: Participants were divided into five groups based on ethnicity. Most of the congenital anomalies of the central nervous system were seen in Urdu-speaking group with a p-value = 0.016. An association between maternal age, education level, family income and medications with congenital malformations in fetuses was observed with p-values of 0.003, 0.000, 0.024 and 0.000 respectively.
Conclusion: It was evident that various maternal sociodemographic and risk factors play a significant role in the development of congenital anomalies.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9792
How to cite this: Awan JA, Qamar A, Surti A, Anwar E. Are congenital malformations associated with maternal sociodemographic and risk factors? A multicenter ultrasound-based study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2538-2543. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9792
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Importance of scattered white spots detected in the duodenum and their relationship with zonulin
Authors: Sezer Semih , Demirci Selim 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Scattered white spots (SWS) seen in the duodenum during esophagogastroduodenoscopy are rare lesions. The histopathologic examination of SWS lesions reveals normal duodenal mucosa (ND), chronic nonspecific duodenitis, and intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL). The intestinal epithelium, through its barrier function, is responsible for tightly controlling antigen traffic from the intestinal lumen to the submucosa. Zonulin plays a crucial role in intestinal barrier function. In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between zonulin, the most important marker of leaky gut syndrome, and SWS lesions associated with lymphatic stasis and inflammation in the duodenum.
Methods: This cross-sectional study at Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Hospital in Turkey, conducted from September to December 2023, included 63 patients with SWS and 30 control patients with ND. SWS lesions were categorized into two groups, Grade-1 and Grade-2, based on the degree of density and endoscopic appearance. Biopsies were taken from the duodenum, antrum, and corpus. Blood samples were taken for serum zonulin levels.
Results: The difference between zonulin values was not significant in the control and patient groups (p>0.05). Metaplasia in the antrum was significantly higher in the SWS group than in the control group (p<0.05). There was no relationship between duodenal biopsy results and zonulin values (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Patients with identified SWS more frequently exhibit IL and gastric metaplasia. There is no relationship between SWS and serum zonulin levels.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9800
How to cite this: Sezer S, Demirci S. Importance of scattered white spots detected in the duodenum and their relationship with zonulin. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2544-2549. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9800
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sex trafficking vulnerabilities in context: An analysis of 1,264 case files of adult survivors of commercial sexual exploitation
Authors: Furlong Courtney , Hinnant Ben 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Commercial sexual exploitation occurs when anything of value is given in exchange for a sex act. Sex trafficking involves the commercial sexual exploitation of individuals by means of force, fraud, or coercion. Due to the illegal nature of commercial sexual exploitation, there is a profound dearth in the literature. To develop a deeper understanding of the experiences of adult survivors of commercial sexual exploitation, investigators analyzed 1,264 unique case files collected between 2011 and 2021.

Methods
Key predictors included mental health diagnoses, childhood sexual abuse, and educational achievement, while relevant outcomes included age of entry into sexual exploitation, length of exploitation, number of arrests, cycling into and out of commercial sexual exploitation, and program placement outcomes. Regression analyses (e.g., linear, binomial, or zero-inflated Poisson) were conducted.

Results
Results suggest that educational achievement is a potential protective factor against exploitation. Higher number of arrest and higher number of children had a bidirectional relationship with longer experiences of exploitation. Further, diagnoses of bipolar disorder and neurodevelopmental disorders were related to higher rates of cycling (i.e., repeated attempts to exit exploitation), and neurodevelopmental disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders were related to poorer placement outcomes.

Conclusions
The findings provide a more authentic portrait of contextual influences on commercial sexual exploitation across a lifespan, informing services, interventions, and policy and supporting survivors in their promising futures.
Riesgo cardiovascular luego de una intervención de estilo de vida: estudio prospectivo
Authors: Pintos Faustino José , Illesca Paola Guadalupe , Cuneo Florencia , Eusebi Ma. Emilia , Ezcurra Tomás Andrés , Benítez Lucas Ignacio , Martinelli Marcela Inés 
Published: November 2024

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) están asociadas a numerosos factores de riesgo - hipertensión arterial (HTA), hipercolesterolemia, entre otros. Para prevenir las ECV es importante fomentar un estilo de vida (EV) saludable. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la evolución del riesgo cardiovascular (RCV), los factores de riesgo y el EV en pacientes adultos de un sanatorio privado luego de una estrategia de promoción de EV saludable. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo. Los pacientes concurrieron espontáneamente a consulta médica y 15 meses después fueron citados a reevaluación. Durante ese período se enviaron mensajes de promoción de EV saludable. Se observó una tendencia a disminuir la proporción de pacientes con RCV alto y muy alto. No se registraron cambios en la proporción de pacientes incluidos en las categorías HTA y Presión Arterial (PA) limítrofe, sin embargo, disminuyó significativamente la PA sistólica media. El número de pacientes con glucemia en ayuno alterada permaneció constante al igual que la proporción de sujetos con hipertrigliceridemia, hipercolesterolemia, col-LDL aumentados y con bajos niveles de col-HDL. La cantidad de individuos que no alcanzaron la meta para col-noHDL disminuyó. La proporción de pacientes con exceso de peso y obesidad abdominal fue elevada y permaneció constante. No se registraron cambios en el número de nuevos fumadores. Se evidenció bajo consumo de frutas y verduras, escasa actividad física, sueño alterado y presencia de algunos factores de riesgo psicosociales. Se destaca la importancia de la promoción de hábitos de EV saludable debido a su rol protector cardiovascular y metabólico.
Accounting for Goodwill: A Critical Analysis of the Impairment-Only Approach
Authors: Sander Hendrik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present paper addresses the following questions: Is non-arbitrary goodwill impairment testing possible? Would amortization be a better alternative than the impairment-only approach and, if so, should there be case-specific amortization periods or should accounting standards require a uniform amortization period? Empirical evidence suggests that non-arbitrary goodwill impairment testing is not feasible. However, academic literature provides very little in terms of a theoretical debate. To fill this gap, the present paper theoretically substantiates these empirically inspired concerns regarding arbitrariness of goodwill impairment testing and illustrates this substantiation with simple examples. Referring to the question whether an amortization approach is less arbitrary, it theoretically substantiates concerns regarding the arbitrariness of determining case-specific amortization periods. On the basis of this analysis, the paper recommends replacing the impairment-only approach by an amortization approach with uniform amortization periods.
Comparison of waterline corrosion of a weathering steel in static and dynamic simulated seawater
Authors: Li Zhuoran , Wu Jun , Huang Jinrong , Yang Hua , Ge Honghua , Meng Xinjing , Zhao Yuzeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Waterline corrosion behavior of a weathering steel in static and dynamic simulated seawater was studied by means of wire beam electrode (WBE), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in this paper. The results show that the distribution of cathode and anode on WBE surface was relatively stable under static condition with large cathode and anode structure. The region near the waterline was always a stable cathode, and the total anode current density decreased with time and basically stabilized after 6 days. Under dynamic condition, a large anode structure was formed on the WBE surface within 1 day, and the anodic current density rapidly decreased with time. The anode area gradually decreased and the WBE surface showed an alternating distribution of small anode and cathode after 3 days. The total anodic current density continued to decrease with time after 6 days. Under dynamic condition, the mass transfer of oxygen and other substances related to electrode reactions was accelerated, so that the anode surface was rapidly corroded in the early stage of immersion and covered by denser corrosion products, resulting in a positive shift in the potential and electrode reversal of some anode areas in the later stage.
Finite generation of fundamental groups for manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature whose universal cover is almost 𝑘-polar at infinity
Authors: Huang Hongzhi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, we prove that the fundamental group

π
1

⁢

(
M
)

\pi_{1}(M)

of a complete open manifold 𝑀 with nonnegative Ricci curvature is finitely generated, under the condition that the Riemannian universal cover

M
̃

\tilde{M}

satisfies an “almost 𝑘-polar at infinity” condition.
Additionally, such

π
1

⁢

(
M
)

\pi_{1}(M)

is virtually abelian.
Furthermore, we demonstrate that the base point of any tangent cone at infinity of such a manifold is nearly a pole.
In the case where

M
̃

\tilde{M}

exhibits almost maximal Euclidean volume growth, we prove that 𝑀 deformation retracts to a closed submanifold 𝐹 which is diffeomorphic to a flat manifold, provided 𝑀 is not simply connected.
A Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem for 𝐸-functions
Authors: Delaygue Éric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
𝐸-functions were introduced by Siegel in 1929 to generalize Diophantine properties of the exponential function.
After developments of Siegel’s methods by Shidlovskii, Nesterenko and André, Beukers proved in 2006 an optimal result on the algebraic independence of the values of 𝐸-functions which generalizes the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem.
Since then, it seems that no general result was stated concerning the relations between the values of a single 𝐸-function.
We prove that André’s theory of 𝐸-operators and Beuker’s result lead to a Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem for 𝐸-functions in its “linear independence” formulation.
As a consequence, we show that all transcendental values at algebraic arguments of an entire hypergeometric function are linearly independent over

Q
̄

\overline{\mathbb{Q}}

.
Surface modification of sepiolite and its application in one-component silicone potting adhesive
Authors: Shi Yiyi , Liu Jianqiao , Yang Pengyu , Wang Hongzhen , Guan Shanshan , Cui Jiyuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, the utilization of sepiolite (SEP), renowned for its remarkable water absorption capacity, in a one-component silicone potting adhesive was explored to evaluate its impact on the efficacy of tunnel crack injection adhesive. Initially, SEP underwent high-temperature calcination, and X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric tests were conducted to analyze the influence of calcination on its crystal structure and water-absorption capacity, respectively. Following this, various coupling agents were employed to modify the SEP, and their respective impacts on the performance of the tunnel crack-filling adhesive were investigated. The outcomes revealed that KH550 exhibited the most effective modification. Subsequent analysis delved into the effect of varying the dosage of KH550 on adhesive performance, demonstrating optimal cost-effectiveness at a dosage of 2 phr. Furthermore, a comparative assessment of the adhesive’s performance in wet and dry interfaces revealed that the addition of SEP resulted in comparable bond strength between wet and dry interfaces, indicating minimal influence from the wet interface.
A new method for identifying reservoir fluid properties based on well logging data: A case study from PL block of Bohai Bay Basin, North China
Authors: Song Jian , Zhang Hao , Guo Jianhong , Han Zihao , Guo Jianchao , Zhang Zhansong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The characterization of reservoir fluid properties is a crucial component of oilfield operations, as it provides a vital data foundation for the development and optimization of oilfield work programs. However, the complexity of water-flooded, along with the mixed data from drilling and cable logging, and the inherently weak foundational research, make the evaluation of water-flooded formations difficult. Therefore, this article aims to address this challenge by proposing a new reservoir fluid identification method. In this article, an improved Markov variation field model is applied to map geophysical logging data and is integrated with a quantum hybrid neural network (HQNN) to address the nonlinear correlations between logging data. By integrating the non-standard Markov variation field with HQNN, this article constructs a novel reservoir fluid identification model. Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves a recognition accuracy of 90.85% when trained on feature images mapped from logging data. Furthermore, the superiority of the HQNN was validated through eight sets of comparative experiments. Additionally, the model was further validated using logging data from blind wells within the block, demonstrating high predictive accuracy and proving its effectiveness for reservoir fluid identification in the PL block. The method proposed in this article not only addresses the challenge of evaluating water-flooded layers in the absence of key logging curves but also offers a novel approach to reservoir fluid identification using geophysical logging data. The non-standard Markov transition field model is employed to map logging data into feature images, offering a new perspective on the application of geophysical logging data in practical reservoir analysis.
Magnetically recyclable Fe3O4@SiO2 supported phosphonium ionic liquids for efficient and sustainable transformation of CO2 into oxazolidinones
Authors: Hu Yu Lin , Zhang Qiu Yun , Zhang Yu Tao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) as a C1 building block to synthesize 2-oxazolidinones is an environmental and sustainable approach. In this work, we present the synthesis and characterization of novel heterogeneous catalysts by immobilizing homogeneous phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs) onto magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2, which could realize the cycloaddition of CO2 and a range of aziridines into 2-oxazolidinones under mild conditions of 90°C and 1 atm CO2 pressure. The immobilized IL Fe3O4@SiO2@PILCeCl4 demonstrated remarkable catalytic activity in the CO2 transformation, leading to high to excellent yields (87–95%) as well as excellent selectivities (98–99.2%) in the absence of solvent at reaction times of 8–10 h, from alkyl- or aryl-substituted and N-alkyl-substituted aziridines. The heterogeneous and magnetic nature of the catalyst facilitated effortless recovery and efficient reusability, which could be easily separated and reused up to five consecutive cycles without considerable decrease in catalytic activity. This protocol provides a novel and efficient strategy for producing 2-oxazolidinones, with potential applications in chemical transformation of CO2 into value-added chemicals.