bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbon dioxide-induced water acidification and seasonality on the physiology of the sea-bob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Decapoda, Penaeidae)
Authors: Augusto Alessandra , Ramaglia Andressa C. , Mantoan Paulo V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClimate changes are altering the chemistry of the oceans, and knowing their effects on the biology of animals is urgent. Since the physiological responses of crustaceans may be different given the seasons of the year, this work evaluated the synergistic effect of ocean acidification and seasonality on the physiology of the sea-bob shrimp,Xiphopenaeus kroyeri. Experimental groups were exposed for 5 days to two levels of pH, representing present-day mean ambient conditions (pH 8.0) and distant-future conditions (pH 7.3) during the summer and winter. Metabolism, nitrogen excretion, energy type and storage were determined, respectively, by oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, atomic ratio O/N and hepatosomatic index. The reduction of pH resulted in a decrease of about 30% in theX. kroyerimetabolism during the summer and winter. Nitrogen excretion (reduction of 40%) and hepatosomatic index (increase of 120%) showed to be altered in animals exposed to reduced pH only throughout summer. Regardless of pH and seasons of the year, animals use mainly proteins as energy substrate and they do not show mortality. The increase of the hepatosomatic index, indicator of the accumulation of energy reserves, associated with metabolism reduction, suggests the suppression of activities that demand energy expenditure. The consequences of the physiological alterations observed may include decreases in growth and reproduction rate and displacement of populations to more appropriate conditions. The results might be associated with a set of factors resulting from the exposure to reduced pH, the synergy between pH and temperature, but also with a pattern of different physiological responses that may occur according to seasonality.
Acceso y participación de los pueblos indígenas en el sistema de medios de Argentina
Authors: Doyle María Magdalena 
Published: June 2018

La Ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual, sancionada en Argentina en 2009, reconoce el derecho a la comunicación de los pueblos originarios. Sin embargo, las luchas indígenas en torno a su participación en el sistema de medios se remontan a mucho antes, ya que tienen más de tres décadas y se inscriben en modalidades históricas de ‘inclusión’ de los indígenas en la nación. Aquí proponemos analizar los antecedentes de la presencia indígena en la Ley de SCA: las trayectorias de sus luchas por derechos a la comunicación y las políticas públicas que, antes de la sanción de la ley, promovieron la participación indígena en los medios. Luego, nos detenemos en la modalidad de inclusión de los pueblos originarios en la ley y los debates en torno a ello, recuperando principalmente la perspectiva indígena. Analizamos las principales transformaciones que ocurrieron a partir de la sanción de la ley en lo que refiere al acceso y participación indígena en el sistema de medios. Y, finalmente, señalamos algunos desafíos que enfrentan las comunidades que gestionan medios de comunicación, a partir de las transformaciones políticas que tienen lugar desde diciembre de 2015 por el cambio de gobierno en Argentina.
Utilização de leveduras para a produção de biomassa em extrato de palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus-indica)
Authors: Matos Lins Clarissa Izabel , Veras Flávio Fonseca , Gondim Martins Danyelly Bruneska , De Lima Filho José Luiz 
Published: June 2018

Opuntia ficus-indica é uma cactácea utilizada na produção de bioprodutos, sendo rica em carboidratos e reconhecida como fonte alternativa de alimento para agricultura de subsistência. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a utilização do extrato líquido de O. ficus-indica como substrato para o crescimento de leveduras de interesse biotecnológico. Candida utilis, C. lipolytica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Kluyveromyces marxianus foram cultivadas no extrato obtido após tratamento da cactácea. Alíquotas do cultivo microbiano foram coletadas para análise de biomassa, açúcares redutores, pH e parâmetros cinéticos. K. marxianus apresentou maior taxa de crescimento (µmax= 0,25h-1) e maior porcentagem de consumo de açúcar (95,68%). C. utilis obteve melhor rendimento de biomassa em relação ao substrato consumido (Yx/s=2,69). C. lipolytica se destacou por exibir melhor perfil cinético uma vez que apresentou maiores valores de produção de biomassa (∆Xmax=10,93 g/L) e produtividade (P= 0,58 g/L.h-1) em 24 horas de cultivo. A influência de diferentes concentrações salinas no crescimento de C. lipolytica cultivada em extrato de O. ficus-indica foi testada com NaCl e KCl (0,1M, 0,25M, 0,50M, 1M, 2M e 4M). No crescimento sob estresse a levedura foi tolerante às concentrações salinas (até 1M de NaCl e a 0,5M para KCl). As concentrações maiores inibiram o crescimento celular. A concentração de 4M foi considerada letal para ambas as células leveduriformes e a 2M sub-letal. As células de C. lipolytica expressaram adaptação contra estresse osmótico até a concentração de 1M. Os resultados sugerem a utilização desta cactácea como substrato alternativo para a produção de biomassa microbiana.
TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH PARADIGM AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY
Authors: ‘Arifin Zainal 
Published: June 2018

Theory on Teaching English is currently moving on a paradigm shift. This paradigm occurred because of a review on the basics of linguistic, pedagogic and the review on the impact of sociolinguistics in a globalized setting. This paper aims to show the results of comparative study which is textual on the teaching and learning English paradigm and the policy has been implemented by both universities. The objective of the study is to describe the comparison of the paradigm between English Language Education and academic policy in both universities. Descriptive qualitative in the form of textual analysis is used in this study. Data were taken from the analysis of documents and interviews with academicians in both universities then analyzed using the theory of a paradigm shift in learning English (Kostoulas, 2010) and academic policy (Center for Quality Assurance, UGM, 2012) using an interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The validity of the data used triangulation methods and data sources. The results show that the content of English Language Education taught at the Division of English Language Education (ELE) HKU and at the English Language Education Department (PBI) IAIN Surakarta have the same characteristics but the ways in providing educational materials are relatively different. The paradigm and academic policiy in ELE HKU applied the learning paradigm while at PBI IAIN Surakarta is still applying on teaching paradigm. When the study was conducted by researcher, the ELE Department IAIN Surakarta has been moving towards a paradigm shift in some academic elements as the use of the methods by lecturers called learning paradigm, although the method is not covered by the policy. The difference between Paradigm and policy in both universities is influenced by the context of the political situation, especially the rules of ministry of higher education, cultural context and the orientation on each university. Keywords: Paradigm Shift, Academic Policy, English Language Education, Intertextual Analysis
DETERMINAÇÃO DO PONTO DE COLHEITA DE FLORES DE Tropaeolum majus L.
Authors: Da Silva Eliane Nunes , Pedroza Cruz Renata Ranielly , Ribeiro Lylian Souto , Pimentel Amadeu Travassos , Soares Christian Raphael Delfino Mouzinho , Melo Jean Flaviel de Sousa , Silva Juciely Gomes da , Ribeiro Wellington Souto 
Published: June 2018

Tropaeolum majus L. é utilizada como flor comestível e medicinal. A conservação e a qualidade das flores são determinadas, principalmente, pelo estádio de maturação em que são colhidas. O objetivo destetrabalho foi determinar o ponto de colheita de flores de T. majus. Os estádios fenológicos das flores foram determinados visualmente. A antocianina, comprimento das flores, carotenoides, flavonoides, massa fresca e teor de sólidos solúveis aumentaram durante o desenvolvimento das flores seguido de uma redução nos estádios correspondentes a senescência. O teor de ácido ascórbico decresceu durante o desenvolvimento. O estádio XII corresponde ao ponto ideal de colheita para as flores de T. majus.
Error Analysis of the Use of Linking Words and Phrases in Tertiary Level Essays
Authors: Apse Vineta , Farneste Monta 
Published: June 2018

Over the last decade, there has been an increased interest in analysing writing skills of students studying English as a Foreign Language both at secondary and tertiary level, including the essay writing skills of non-language students. The aim of the present study is to analyse the types of errors in the use of linking words and phrases in student examination essays in a tertiary level academic writing course and state the probable causes of these errors. The research method is a case study. The empirical research is based on Corder’s (1967), Reid’s (1998, mentioned in Yates and Kenkel, 2002) and Ngadda and Nwoke’s (2014) theories on the classification of errors and Biber et al.’s (2002) classification of linking adverbials as well as presents the frequency of the types of errors. The research object is academic illustration essays of 18 students studying in Latvia. The main findings of the research indicate that proficient users of a language tend to use linking words and phrases appropriately. The main type of errors found in the essays is intralingual errors caused by faulty learning or teaching, forgetfulness or overexposure to informal use of the target language.
Outcomes following surgical excision or surgical excision combined with adjunctive, hypofractionated radiotherapy in dogs with oral squamous cell carcinoma or fibrosarcoma
Authors: Riggs Julia , Adams Vicki J. , Hermer Joanna V. , Dobson Jane M. , Murphy Suzanne , Ladlow Jane F. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes of dogs treated surgically for oral, nontonsillar, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and fibrosarcomas (FSAs) with outcomes of dogs treated with a combination of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy; to explore whether postoperative, hypofractionated radiotherapy improved outcomes of dogs with incomplete excisions; and to identify prognostic factors associated with outcome.
DESIGN Retrospective cohort study.
ANIMALS 87 client-owned dogs that had undergone maxillectomy or mandibulectomy for treatment of oral SCC or FSA between 2000 and 2009.
PROCEDURES Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses to evaluate potential prognostic factors associated with patient outcome.
RESULTS Median survival time (MST) for all 87 dogs was 2,049 days, but was not reached for dogs with SCC, and was only 557 days for dogs with FSA; tumor type was a significant predictor of survival time. Dogs undergoing postoperative radiotherapy after incomplete excision of oral SCCs had a significantly longer MST (2,051 days) than did dogs with incompletely excised tumors and no radiotherapy (MST, 181 days). Postoperative radiotherapy of dogs with incompletely excised FSAs did not appear to offer protective value (MST, 299 days with radiotherapy and 694 days without radiotherapy).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Wide-margin surgical excision should be considered the gold-standard treatment for dogs with oral SCC or FSA. For dogs with oral SCCs without clean surgical margins, survival times may be improved by providing postoperative, hypofractionated radiotherapy.
About 30% of Sun-like Stars Have Kepler-like Planetary Systems: A Study of Their Intrinsic Architecture
Authors: Zhu 祝 Wei 伟 , Petrovich Cristobal , Wu 武 Yanqin 延庆 , Dong 东 Subo 苏勃 , Xie 谢 Jiwei 基伟 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We constrain the intrinsic architecture of Kepler planetary systems by modeling the observed multiplicities of the transiting planets (tranets) and their transit timing variations (TTVs). We robustly determine that the fraction of Sun-like stars with Kepler-like planets, η
Kepler, is 30 ± 3%. Here, Kepler-like planets are planets that have radii R
p ≳ R
⊕ and orbital periods P < 400 days. Our result thus significantly revises previous claims that more than 50% of Sun-like stars have such planets. Combined with the average number of Kepler planets per star (∼0.9), we obtain that on average each planetary system has 3.0 ± 0.3 planets within 400 days. We also find that the dispersion in orbital inclinations of planets within a given planetary system, σ

i,k
, is a steep function of its number of planets, k. This can be parameterized as

and we find that −4 < α < −2 at the 2σ level. Such a distribution well describes the observed multiplicities of both transits and TTVs with no excess of single-tranet systems. Therefore we do not find evidence supporting the so-called “Kepler dichotomy.” Together with a previous study on orbital eccentricities, we now have a consistent picture: the fewer planets in a system, the hotter it is dynamically. We discuss briefly possible scenarios that lead to such a trend. Despite our solar system not belonging to the Kepler club, it is interesting to notice that the solar system also has three planets within 400 days and that the inclination dispersion is similar to Kepler systems of the same multiplicity.
From dawn to dusk
Authors: Mahony John D. 
Published: June 2018

It used to be the case in some jurisdictions that a rhythmic knell of the Angelus bell would mark the onset of dawn, noon and the passing of a day at dusk. Between these times there is daylight whose duration varies from place to place and from day to day and which can be predicted either exactly or approximately. An illuminating problem concerning the number of daylight hours at a winter solstice in London was posed recently and answered in the Problem Corner of The Mathematical Gazette [1]. It was shown, for example, that a calculation of daylight hours rested strictly upon the numerical solution to a transcendental trigonometric equation. Related references to earlier works in the Gazette involving a point source Sun were also given.The purpose of this note is multifold. First, it is to point out that the above-cited equation might be viewed also as a “Sun-ray-to-Earth tangency condition”. Such a condition was developed earlier by the author in a publication that is now defunct [2], and so for completeness the steps necessary to establish the condition will be produced again here. Second, it will be evident from the manner of its derivation that the governing equation is valid at all orbit points, not just at a given solstice.
The seven circles theorem revisited
Authors: Silvester John R. 
Published: June 2018

The circles C1, & , Cn form a chain of length n if Ci touches Ci + 1, for i = 1, & , n − 1, and the chain is closed if also Cn touches C1. A cyclic chain is a chain for which all the circles touch another circle S, the base circle of the chain. If Ci touches S at Pi, then P1, & , Pn are the base points of the chain. Sometimes there may be coincidences among the base points; in particular, if Pi = Pj, then the line PiPj should be interpreted as the tangent S to at Pi.The seven circles theorem first appeared in [1, §3.1], and some historical details of its genesis can be found in John Tyrrell's obituary [2]. The theorem concerns a closed cyclic chain of length 6, and says that, if a certain extra condition is satisfied, then the lines P1P4, P2P5, P3P6 joining opposite base points are concurrent. Here and throughout, ‘concurrent’ should be read as ‘concurrent or all parallel’, that is, the point of concurrency might be at infinity.
Slapstick Diplomacy: Charlie Chaplin'sThe Great Dictatorand Latin American Theatres of War
Authors: HIATT WILLIE 
Published: June 2018

AbstractControversy and intrigue greeted Charlie Chaplin's new film,The Great Dictator, when it arrived in Latin American theatres in early 1941. With tear gas, Nazi salutes and anti-Semitic insults, pro-Axis factions from Mexico to Argentina protested against the Hollywood star's ridicule of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. At an important Good Neighbour moment, the film's tumultuous Latin American circulation and exhibition exposed fault lines in hemispheric solidarity by subverting US efforts to recruit allies in the region and threatened President Roosevelt's support for European intervention at home. Down south, heated public debates over the film trained a harsh light on Latin American leaders’ own anti-democratic impulses and raised questions about constitutionality within unequal societies. This article moves beyond film as text to examine the Chaplin picture as a cultural object and agent that exposed the limits of US imperialism and Latin American resistance strategies more broadly.
Regard sur l’expérience de vivre avec le cancer : Le cancer comme occasion de changement chez des personnes âgées de 60 à 73 ans
Authors: Gagnon Joanie , Utzschneider Anouk , Doyon André 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIt is possible for individuals with a diagnosis of cancer to see the illness as an opportunity to change and to make certain decisions that could improve their chances of recovery. We aimed, through qualitative research, to understand the experience of cancer in older adults through new behaviors and habits, intentions to change and maintenance of old behaviors and habits in the context of the disease. Our participants were 10 people aged 60 to 73 with a diagnosis of cancer. The majority of participants expressed intentions to change or adopted new behaviors or habits. Relatives had very little influence on participant’s choices and participants did not seek information on cancer or ways to contribute to healing. However, they were very receptive to the recommendations made by physicians.
A mixed antagonistic/synergistic miRNA repression model enables accurate predictions of multi-input miRNA sensor activity
Authors: Gam Jeremy J. , Babb Jonathan , Weiss Ron 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate a majority of protein-coding genes, affecting nearly all biological pathways. However, the quantitative dimensions of miRNA-based regulation are not fully understood. In particular, the implications of miRNA target site location, composition rules for multiple target sites, and cooperativity limits for genes regulated by many miRNAs have not been quantitatively characterized. We explore these aspects of miRNA biology at a quantitative single-cell level using a library of 620 miRNA sensors and reporters that are regulated by many miRNA target sites at different positions. Interestingly, we find that miRNA target site sets within the same untranslated region exhibit combined miRNA activity described by an antagonistic relationship while those in separate untranslated regions show synergy. The resulting antagonistic/synergistic computational model enables the high-fidelity prediction of miRNA sensor activity for sensors containing many miRNA targets. These findings may help to accelerate the development of sophisticated sensors for clinical and research applications.
Effects of a vegetable-eel-earthworm integrated planting and breeding system on bacterial community structure in vegetable fields
Authors: Zheng Xianqing , Lv Weiguang , Song Ke , Li Shuangxi , Zhang Hanlin , Bai Naling , Zhang Juanqin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAgricultural production combined with planting and breeding, which can reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide applications, reduce losses due to natural disasters, and improve the output and quality of agricultural products, is an important way to achieve green, circular and efficient production. To assess effects on soil bacterial community structure, a vegetable-eel-earthworm integrated planting and breeding platform (VEE-IPBP) combined with experiment planting was established at Chongming Island, Shanghai and compared to traditional planting. High-throughput sequencing to reveal soil bacterial community structure was performed on samples collected at 0, 3 and 6 years after implementation of the two models. Over time, the Shannon index first increased and then decreased in the VEE-IPBP system and was reduced by 3.2% compared to the traditional planting (In the same time and space scale, the single-degree planting method of dryland vegetables under mechanical cultivation is adopted) (p < 0.05). In contrast, Chao and Ace indices were increased by 2.4% and 3.2%. Thus, soil bacterial diversity was markedly different in the two planting models. The abundance of Proteus, Cyanophyta and Cyanophyta in soil increased after 6 years, and the proportion of Lysinibacillus increased significantly, contributing to improvement in soil disease resistance. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the soil pH and water content were the main factors influencing the change in soil bacterial community structure in the two planting models, and the dominant species of soil bacteria were Lysobacter and Bacillus.
Sulfidation mechanism of ZnO roasted with pyrite
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhu Lin , Han Junwei , Jiao Fen , Qin Wenqing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSulfidation is a widely used technology to improve the floatability of oxidized metal minerals or to stabilize the heavy metals in various wastes. The sulfidation mechanism of ZnO with pyrite was detailedly studied by thermodynamic calculation and roasting experiments. The sulfidation behaviors, phase transformations, microscopic morphology and surface properties were investigated by TG-DSC, ICP, XRD, SEM-EDS, and XPS analysis. The results indicate that the nature of the sulfidation is the reaction of ZnO with the gaseous sulfur generated by the decomposition of pyrite. Pyrite instead of sulfur as the sulfidizing agent can not only relieve the volatilization loss of sulfur but also enhance the formation of liquid phase and thus facilitate the growth of ZnS particles. The sulfidation reaction belongs to surface chemical reaction and relates to the migration of oxygen from the inside of ZnO to its surfaces. The presence of carbon not only eliminates the release of SO2, but also decreases the decomposition temperature of pyrite and promotes the sulfidation of ZnO. The addition of Na2CO3 promotes the sulfidation of ZnO at lower temperatures (below 850 °C) and enhances the growth of ZnS particles but has a negative effect on the sulfidation at higher temperatures.