bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an acute care hospital in Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Kaori , Takeuchi Seisho , Uehara Yoshio , Matsushita Masahide , Arise Kazumi , Morimoto Norihito , Yagi Yusuke , Seo Hiromi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAsymptomatic carriers of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are important sources of nosocomial transmission. However, the route of transmission of MRSA is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to calculate MRSA transmission rates in a hospital with a high MRSA infection/colonization density and inadequate hand hygiene compliance.MethodsThe prevalence of MRSA colonization among 157 patients at the time of admission to and discharge from a medical school hospital in Japan was determined by performing surveillance cultures. All MRSA isolates were evaluated using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to identify the transmission routes.ResultsMethicillin‐resistant S. aureus was prevalent in 1.9% of our study population. MRSA was acquired during hospitalization at a rate of 4.0/1000 patient‐days. At discharge, 5.1% of the patients exhibited MRSA colonization; this was significantly higher than the prevalence noted upon admission (P < 0.001). MLST documented three possible nosocomial transmission events. MRSA colonization was detected using surveillance cultures prior to being identified by conventional, clinically oriented examinations.ConclusionsMultilocus sequence typing results suggested that patients who were colonized with MRSA acquired it during hospitalization. These results reinforce the importance of infection control for preventing nosocomial MRSA transmission in hospitalized patients.
Role Tension and Adaptation in a Chinese Agricultural Aid Project in Mozambique
Authors: Zhang Chuanhong , Li Xiaoyun , Connerley Edwin F. , Wu Jin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRole theory was applied to analysis of the interaction process of various actors engaged in a Chinese aid project in Africa to explore who drove the implementation process and to reveal the hidden logic of China's foreign aid. The result revealed that the framework imposed by the State created space for actors from China and from Africa to exert agency to achieve common goals. The interaction process was constructed through role consolidation and concessions of different actors, which indicates that the project implementation was not driven by one side but rather by the mutual adaptation of the various actors involved. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal evaluation of tumor microenvironment in rat focal brainstem glioma using diffusion and perfusion MRI
Authors: Magdoom Kulam Najmudeen , Delgado Francisco , Bohórquez Ana C. , Brown Alec C. , Carney Paul R. , Rinaldi Carlos , Mareci Thomas H. , Ewing James R. , Sarntinoranont Malisa 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundBrainstem gliomas are aggressive and difficult to treat. Growth of these tumors may be characterized with MRI methods.PurposeTo visualize longitudinal changes in tumor volume, vascular leakiness, and tissue microstructure in an animal model of brainstem glioma.Study TypeProspective animal model.Animal ModelMale Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 9) were imaged with 9L gliosarcoma cells infused into the pontine reticular formation of the brainstem. The MRI tumor microenvironment was studied at 3 and 10 days postimplantation of tumor cells.Field Strength/SequenceDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI were performed at 4.7T using spin‐echo multislice echo planar imaging and gradient echo multislice imaging, respectively.AssessmentTumor leakiness was assessed by the forward volumetric transfer constant, Ktrans, estimated from DCE‐MRI data. Tumor structure was evaluated with fractional anisotropy (FA) obtained from DTI. Tumor volumes, delineated by a T1 map, T2‐weighted image, FA, and DCE signal enhancement were compared.Statistical TestsChanges in the assessed parameters within and across the groups (ie, rats 3 and 10 days post tumor cell implantation) were evaluated with Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests.ResultsDay 3 tumors were visible mainly on contrast‐enhanced images, while day 10 tumors were visible in both contrast‐enhanced and diffusion‐weighted images. Mean Ktrans at day 10 was 41% lower than at day 3 (P =  0.23). In day 10 tumors, FA was regionally lower in the tumor compared to normal tissue (P =  0.0004), and tumor volume, segmented based on FA map, was significantly smaller (P ≤ 0.05) than that obtained from other contrasts.Data ConclusionContrast‐enhanced MRI was found to be more sensitive in detecting early‐stage tumor boundaries than other contrasts. Areas of the tumor outlined by DCE‐MRI and DTI were significantly different. Over the observed period of tumor growth, average vessel leakiness decreased with tumor progression.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1322–1332.
Multivariate calibration method for mass spectrometry of interfering gases such as mixtures of CO, N2, and CO2
Authors: Binninger Tobias , Pribyl Bernhard , Pătru Alexandra , Ruettimann Peter , Bjelić Saša , Schmidt Thomas J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA multivariate calibration method for mass spectrometry is presented that enables a quantitative analysis of gas mixtures containing interfering gases that contribute to the same mass‐to‐charge ratios at nominal resolution. Multiple calibration gas mixtures with linearly independent compositions are used in order to obtain the calibration constants for the contribution of each gas to each of the mass‐to‐charge ratio peaks. The method was successfully applied to the quantitative detection of CO in a mixture with CO2 and N2, which represents a difficulty commonly encountered in heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis research.
Broadly reactive real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of human sapovirus genotypes
Authors: Oka Tomoichiro , Iritani Nobuhiro , Yamamoto Seiji P. , Mori Kohji , Ogawa Tomoko , Tatsumi Chika , Shibata Shinichiro , Harada Seiya , Wu Fang‐Tzy 
Published: October 2018

Sapoviruses are associated with acute gastroenteritis. Human sapoviruses are classified into four distinct genogroups (GI, GII, GIV, and GV) based on their capsid gene sequences. A TaqMan probe‐based real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay that detects the representative strains of these four genogroups is widely used for screening fecal specimens, shellfish, and environmental water samples. However, since the development of this test, more genetically diverse sapovirus strains have been reported, which are not detectable by the previously established assays. In this study, we report the development of a broader‐range sapovirus real‐time RT‐PCR assay. The assay can detect 2.5 × 107 and 2.5 × 10
1 copies of sapovirus and therefore is as sensitive as the previous test. Analysis using clinical stool specimens or synthetic DNA revealed that the new system detected strains representative of all the 18 human sapovirus genotypes: GI.1‐7, GII.1‐8, GIV.1, and GV.1, 2. No cross‐reactivity was observed against other representative common enteric viruses (norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus). This new assay will be useful as an improved, broadly reactive, and specific screening tool for human sapoviruses.
Detection of biogenic amines in pet food ingredients by RP‐HPLC with automated dansyl chloride derivatization
Authors: Learey Jessica J. , Crawford‐Clark Shona , Bowen Benjamin J. , Barrow Colin J. , Adcock Jacqui L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe detection of biogenic amines is of significant interest to the food industry, as they can be used as indicators of food spoilage and they are potentially toxic. Because of their importance, there is a need for automated methods suitable for industry use that can detect a wide range of biogenic amines at sufficient levels for food analysis. In this work, optimized conditions for the automated determination of biogenic amines (histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, tyramine, and tryptamine) derivatized with dansyl chloride are presented. Limits of detection below 0.2 ppm were achieved for seven biogenic amines and percentage recoveries were between 80 and 109% for the seven analytes spiked into meat meal samples. The method is simple and compared well to an existing method for the detection of biogenic amines in pet food ingredients.
Long pulsed dye laser with a back‐to‐back double‐pulse technique and compression for the treatment of epidermal pigmented lesions
Authors: Labadie Jessica G. , Krunic Aleksandar L. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundIn the recent past, long pulsed dye lasers (LPDL) have been investigated for the treatment of epidermal pigmented lesions (EPLs). Using a pigmented lesion compression headpiece, blood is pushed laterally out of the laser field focusing laser energy on melanin. Recent studies have demonstrated excellent responses using a single‐pulse at the following settings: 9–12 J/cm2, 1.5 milliseconds, 7‐10 mm spot size with compression. However, the majority of these studies report patients requiring up to four treatments for lesion resolution. Herein, we describe our experiences utilizing a back‐to‐back double‐pulse technique to decrease the total number of treatments needed for EPL clearance.MethodsThirty‐six patients (27 females, 9 males; skin types I–IV) with benign facial EPLs were included. Each lesion received two back‐to‐back pulses (fluence of 9–12 J/cm2, 1.5 milliseconds duration, and 7 mm spot size). If needed, a second treatment was delivered 4–8 weeks later. Pre‐ and post‐photos after the first treatment were evaluated by two independent board‐certified dermatologists.ResultsLesion clearance after the first treatment was graded on a Likert scale as: 1 = poor (<25% clearance); 2 = fair (25–50%); 3 = good (51–75%); and 4 = excellent (>75%). Of the 36 participants, 23 had excellent clearing, 10 with good, 2 with fair and 1 with poor clearance. There was only one case of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation that subsequently resolved, and no cases or scarring or hypopigmentation.ConclusionLPDL with compression continues to be a safe and effective modality for treatment of EPLs. Double‐pulsing decreases the total number of treatments needed for lesion resolution, while maintaining safety and potentially decreasing cost. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:136–140, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of Benzoxazine‐Based Dimers, Oligomers, and Polymers as Chelating Agents
Authors: Iguchi Daniela , Salum María Laura , Froimowicz Pablo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPolybenzoxazines are a relatively new type of thermoset polymer that has primarily been used for the development of composite materials. However, there is an existing interest in expanding the applications for this family of polymers. One way of achieving this goal is by taking advantage of the molecular structure, where the presence of oxygen and nitrogen atoms with lone electron pairs allows the formation of coordination complexes and chelates between the benzoxazine oligomers and polymers with metal ions. This article is focused on studying the relationship between the spatial conformation of the polybenzoxazine and the capacity to form coordination complexes from a fundamental point of view as well as practical applications of this concept. Thus, it can be seen that use of polybenzoxazines for the removal of heavy metals from water and the use of benzoxazine dimers for the synthesis of CeO2 nanoparticles are examples of very different applications based on the same working principle.
Construction of Metallacage‐Cored Supramolecular Gel by Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Metal Coordination and Pillar[5]arene‐Based Host−Guest Recognition
Authors: Liu Yuezhou , Shi Bingbing , Wang Hu , Shangguan Liqing , Li Zhengtao , Zhang Mingming , Huang Feihe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this work, a Pd2L4 metallacage 2•([BF4]−)4 with four pillar[5]arene units is first prepared and characterized by 1D multinuclear NMR (1H, 11B, and 19F NMR), 2D 1H−1H correlation spectra, 1H−13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence, and diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. By the introduction of a ditopic guest molecule 3 into a chloroform solution of 2•([BF4]−)4, a supramolecular polymer network gel is successfully constructed based on the metal coordination interactions and host−guest recognition between the pillar[5]arene units of 2•([BF4]−)4 and neutral ditopic guest molecule 3. The temperature and pH responsivenesses of the supramolecular gel are studied, which are further employed for the controlled release of different cargos. As a demonstration, emodin and methylene blue are trapped in the cavities of the metallacage and in the pores of the supramolecular gel, respectively. Methylene blue is first released along with the gel–sol transition while emodin is then released by the further addition of acid to destroy the metallacage. This study explores the use of metallacage‐cored supramolecular network gels for sequential controlled release and contributes to the development of smart and adaptive materials.
Symmetrical metal‐rimmed mobile antenna with decoupling network for penta‐band
Authors: Lee Jae‐Gon , Lee Jeong‐Hae 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA symmetrical metal‐rimmed mobile antenna, which is designed to be separated into two antennas covering different bands, is proposed for penta‐band in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of a gap‐coupled quarter wavelength loop antenna to reduce the length of an antenna and a decoupling network of 90° delay line to improve an isolation in the low band. Its resonant frequencies in low and high band can be controlled by the length of a feed line and a lumped series inductor, respectively. Since the slit of the metal rim is located at the center of the phone, the designed metal‐rimmed antenna could be less affected by the hand compared to the case where the slit is located on the side of the phone. To verify the performance, we have simulated and measured the characteristics of the proposed antenna without and with the decoupling network such as reflection coefficients, far‐field radiation patterns, and total efficiencies. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is obtained.
DFT study on the structure and racemization mechanism of 2‐amino‐2′‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl
Authors: Da Liang‐Guo , He Jie , Hu Li‐Fang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo explore the structure of chiral ligands important in asymmetric catalysis, the density functional theory has been applied to study the ground‐state geometries and isomerization processes of 2‐amino‐2′‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl. The study shows that there are four isomers for 2‐amino‐2′‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, each of which has R‐ and S‐ enantiomer. The isomerization between R‐conformations is easier than the racemization between R‐ and S‐ enantiomer. A parallel reaction mechanism via anti‐enantiomerization routes was proposed for the racemization of 2‐amino‐2′‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, which provides a valuable reference for the design, synthesis, and resolution of chiral ligands.
Excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer of 6‐amino‐2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole (6A‐HBO) in different solvents
Authors: Du Can , Zhou Qiao , Zhang Meixia , Song Peng , Ma Fengcai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process of 6‐amino‐2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole (6A‐HBO) was investigated using density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory methods with B3LYP and TZVP basis sets. n‐Heptane, dichloromethane, methanol, and acetonitrile were chosen as a series of polar solvents in calculations using the IEFPCM model. To obtain a more comprehensive ESIPT mechanism, we constructed the S0 and S1 states' potential energy surfaces (PESs) by incrementally twisting the ─OH bond and increasing the distance of O–H bond. Based on the analysis of the bond lengths, the IR vibrational spectra, and the frontier molecular orbits (MOs), the intramolecular hydrogen bonding (O─H...N) is clearly strengthened, and the charge is redistributed in the S1 state. The results of calculated absorption spectrum are in accord with the experimental data. The fluorescence spectrum of 6A‐HBO‐enol showed a normal red shift, but the red shift of the 6A‐HBO‐keto is larger and increases with the solvent polarity, indicating a charge transfer. Analysis of the PESs indicates a lower potential energy barrier in S1 state for the proton transfer from the O atom to the N atom, with the excited state potential barrier slightly decreasing with the increase of the solvent polarity.
The theoretical study about the ESIPT mechanism for 2,4‐bis(benzooxazol‐2′‐yl)hydroquinone: Single or double?
Authors: Hao Jiaojiao , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOn the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods, we theoretically study the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism of 2,4‐bis(benzooxazol‐2′‐yl)hydroquinone (2,4‐DHBO), which is reported in the previous literature (Ulrich et al. New J. Chem. 2016, 40, 5877). The calculated absorption and fluorescence spectra of 2,4‐DHBO are accordant with previous experiment, which indicates that the selective theoretical method is credible. The comparisons of the calculated bond lengths, angles, infrared, and Raman vibrational spectra of 2,4‐DHBO manifest that two intramolecular hydrogen bonds (HBs) strengthen in the excited state (S1), which should be triggered the ESIPT reaction. In addition, the calculated frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) and the map of the electron density difference between the ground (S0) and S1 states provide that the ESIPT reactions are facilitated by charge transfer after photoexcitation. Moreover, to explore the detailed ESIPT mechanism of 2,4‐DHBO, the potential energy surfaces (PESs) in the S0 and S1 states are constructed. Because of the low excited‐state potential barriers on the PESs of 2,4‐DHBO, the single and stepwise double ESIPT mechanisms are revealed in the S1 state, which is different from single ESIPT mechanism proposed by experiment. We hope the detailed ESIPT mechanism of this fluorophore based on my theoretical research will help researchers to design such kinds of fluorophores in the future.
Kirchhoff index, multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff index and spanning trees of the linear crossed hexagonal chains
Authors: Pan Yingui , Li Jianping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLet Hn be a linear crossed hexagonal chain with n crossed hexagonals. In this article, we find that the Laplacian (resp. normalized Laplacian) spectrum of Hn consists of the eigenvalues of a symmetric tridiagonal matrix of order 2n + 1 and a diagonal matrix of order 2n + 1. Based on the properties of these matrices, significant closed formulas for the Kirchhoff index, multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff index and the number of spanning trees of Hn are derived. Finally, we show that the Kirchhoff (resp. multiplicative degree‐Kirchhoff) index of Hn is approximately one quarter of its Wiener (resp. Gutman) index.
Composite‐Structure Materials for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Su Heng , Yu Haijun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDue to the growing concern of aggravated environmental problems (air pollution, global warming, etc.) and Li resources, Na‐ion batteries have received significant attention as a promising alternative. Many electrode materials for Na‐ion batteries have been reported in the past, especially over the past five years. However, most of these materials have a single crystalline structure and exhibit a limited electrochemical performance. Recently, some electrode materials with composite structures have been reported for both Li‐ion and Na‐ion batteries and have attracted attention because of their enhanced comprehensive electrochemical performance. Herein, a detailed discussion on the development of these composite‐structure materials for Na‐ion batteries is conducted based on the crystalline structure. The structure design, identification, and adjustment of these materials are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the future outlook based on a mechanism analysis and a new electrode‐material structure system is also introduced in this work, by reviewing previous important studies on composite‐structure materials.
VAnDroid: A framework for vulnerability analysis of Android applications using a model‐driven reverse engineering technique
Authors: Nirumand Atefeh , Zamani Bahman , Tork Ladani Behrouz 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAndroid is extensively used worldwide by mobile application developers. Android provides applications with a message passing system to communicate within and between them. Due to the risks associated with this system, it is vital to detect its unsafe operations and potential vulnerabilities. To achieve this goal, a new framework, called VAnDroid, based on Model Driven Reverse Engineering (MDRE), is presented that identifies security risks and vulnerabilities related to the Android application communication model. In the proposed framework, some security‐related information included in an Android app is automatically extracted and represented as a domain‐specific model. Then, it is used for analyzing security configurations and identifying vulnerabilities in the corresponding application. The proposed framework is implemented as an Eclipse‐based tool, which automatically identifies the Intent Spoofing and Unauthorized Intent Receipt as two attacks related to the Android application communication model. To evaluate the tool, it has been applied to several real‐world Android applications, including 20 apps from Google Play and 110 apps from the F‐Droid repository. VAnDroid is also compared with several existing analysis tools, and it is shown that it has a number of key advantages over those tools specifically regarding its high correctness, scalability, and usability in discovering vulnerabilities. The results well indicate the effectiveness and capacity of the VAnDroid as a promising approach in the field of Android security.
Heavy ion induced Ti X‐ray satellite structure for Ti, TiN, and TiO2 thin films
Authors: Käyhkö Marko , Palosaari Mikko R. J. , Laitinen Mikko , Arstila Kai , Maasilta Ilari J. , Sajavaara Timo 
Published: October 2018

X‐ray emission spectra of three different titanium‐containing thin films, Ti, TiO2, and TiN, were measured using 5.1 MeV 7Li2+, 4.4–6.8 MeV 12C3+, 6.8 MeV 16O3+, and 11.9 MeV 63Cu6+ beams as excitation. The energy spectra were collected using a high energy resolution transition‐edge sensor array. In all measurements, the average L‐shell vacancy fraction was higher for the metallic Ti than for the other samples, whereas the difference between TiN and TiO2 was negligible. The universal variable Xn of the geometrical model was used to study the systematics of the average L‐shell vacancy fraction at the time of Kα emission. Our experiments expand previously studied Xn values, and a fairly good agreement with previous studies was found.