bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Social Distance at the Onset of the Fertility Transition: Sweden, 1880–1900
Authors: Klüsener Sebastian , Dribe Martin , Scalone Francesco 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Most studies on the fertility transition have focused either on macro-level trends or on micro-level patterns with limited geographic scope. Much less attention has been given to the interplay between individual characteristics and contextual conditions, including geographic location. Here we investigate the relevance of geography and socioeconomic status for understanding fertility variation in the initial phase of the Swedish fertility transition. We conduct spatially sensitive multilevel analyses on full-count individual-level census data. Our results show that the elite constituted the vanguard group in the fertility decline and that the shift in fertility behavior occurred quickly among them in virtually all parts of Sweden. Other socioeconomic status groups experienced the decline with some delay, and their decline patterns were more clustered around early centers of the decline. Long-distance migrants initially had higher fertility than people living close to their birthplace. However, as the fertility decline unfolded, this advantage was either reduced or reversed. This supports the view that migration and fertility are linked in this process. Our results confirm that socioeconomic status differences were of considerable relevance in structuring the fertility transition. The degree to which spatial distance fostered spatial variation in the fertility decline seems to have been negatively correlated with socioeconomic status, with the pattern of decline among the elite showing the lowest degree of spatial variation.
Machine Learning Approach to Enhance the Performance of MNP-Labeled Lateral Flow Immunoassay
Authors: Yan Wenqiang , Wang Kan , Xu Hao , Huo Xuyang , Jin Qinghui , Cui Daxiang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The use of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-labeled immunochromatography test strips (ICTSs) is very important for point-of-care testing (POCT). However, common diagnostic methods cannot accurately analyze the weak magnetic signal from ICTSs, limiting the applications of POCT. In this study, an ultrasensitive multiplex biosensor was designed to overcome the limitations of capturing and normalization of the weak magnetic signal from MNPs on ICTSs. A machine learning model for sandwich assays was constructed and used to classify weakly positive and negative samples, which significantly enhanced the specificity and sensitivity. The potential clinical application was evaluated by detecting 50 human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) samples and 59 myocardial infarction serum samples. The quantitative range for HCG was 1–1000 mIU mL−1 and the ideal detection limit was 0.014 mIU mL−1, which was well below the clinical threshold. Quantitative detection results of multiplex cardiac markers showed good linear correlations with standard values. The proposed multiplex assay can be readily adapted for identifying other biomolecules and also be used in other applications such as environmental monitoring, food analysis, and national security.
Zero-day recovery: the key to mitigating the ransomware threat
Authors: Fagioli Alex 
Published: January 2019

Combine zero-day exploits with ransomware and you have a cyberthreat that few organisations are equipped to handle. If all the focus is placed on cyber defence, what happens when those defences are breached? Financial harm, reputational damage and operational chaos commonly follow. But by bringing IT support and cyber security teams together, organisations can chart another way forward – a zero-day recovery architecture to transform ransomware from a critical business challenge to a mere irritant. Combine zero-day exploits with ransomware and you have a cyberthreat that few organisations are equipped to handle. If all the focus is placed on cyber defence, what happens when those defences are breached? Financial harm, reputational damage and operational chaos commonly follow. But by bringing IT support and cyber security teams together, organisations can chart another way forward – a zero-day recovery architecture to transform ransomware from a critical business challenge to a mere irritant, explains Alex Fagioli of Tectrade.
GDPR – project or permanent reality?
Authors: Perry Rob 
Published: January 2019

With the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) deadline now months in the past, you'd be forgiven for thinking that your work on compliance – at least with this regulation – is done. However, even though the May 2018 date for the beginning of enforcement of this regulation is behind us, being GDPR compliant is not a one-time event, but a long-term ongoing commitment. Making the mistake that you don't have to think about it anymore could be costly. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is here, so you'd be forgiven for thinking that your work on compliance – at least with this regulation – is done. However, being GDPR compliant is not a one-time event, but a long-term ongoing commitment. It needs to become an established part of your business if you are to avoid the risks of fines or legal action that non-compliance could bring. However, that could be good because many organisations are finding it drives better data management practices that can improve business performance, says Rob Perry of ASG Technologies.
Macroeconomics for Professionals
Authors: Lipschitz Leslie , Schadler Susan 
Published: January 2019

Understanding macroeconomic developments and policies in the twenty-first century is daunting: policy-makers face the combined challenges of supporting economic activity and employment, keeping inflation low and risks of financial crises at bay, and navigating the ever-tighter linkages of globalization. Many professionals face demands to evaluate the implications of developments and policies for their business, financial, or public policy decisions. Macroeconomics for Professionals provides a concise, rigorous, yet intuitive framework for assessing a country's macroeconomic outlook and policies. Drawing on years of experience at the International Monetary Fund, Leslie Lipschitz and Susan Schadler have created an operating manual for professional applied economists and all those required to evaluate economic analysis.
Converge rates towards stationary solutions for the outflow problem of planar magnetohydrodynamics on a half line
Authors: Yin Haiyan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, convergence rates of solutions towards stationary solutions for the outflow problem of planar magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are investigated. Inspired by the relationship between MHD and Navier-Stokes, we prove that the global solutions of the planar MHD converge to the corresponding stationary solutions of Navier-Stokes equations. We obtain the corresponding convergence rates based on the weighted energy method when the initial perturbation belongs to some weighted Sobolev space.
Ionospheric Ambipolar Electric Fields of Mars and Venus: Comparisons Between Theoretical Predictions and Direct Observations of the Electric Potential Drop
Authors: Collinson Glyn , Glocer Alex , Xu Shaosui , Mitchell David , Frahm Rudy A , Grebowsky Joseph , Andersson Laila , Jakosky Bruce 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe test the hypothesis that their dominant driver of a planetary ambipolar electric field is the ionospheric electron pressure gradient (∇Pe). The ionospheres of Venus and Mars are mapped using Langmuir probe measurements from NASA's Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) missions. We then determine the component of the ionospheric potential drop that can be explained by the electron pressure gradient drop along a simple draped field line. At Mars, this calculation is consistent with the mean potential drops measured statistically by MAVEN. However, at Venus, contrary to our current understanding, the thermal electron pressure gradient alone cannot explain Venus' strong ambipolar field. These results strongly motivate a return to Venus with a comprehensive plasmas and fields package, similar to that on MAVEN, to investigate the physics of atmospheric escape at Earth's closest analog.
CO2 Wettability of Sandstones: Addressing Conflicting Capillary Behaviors
Authors: Garing C. , Benson S. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the capillary and wetting behavior of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and brine in reservoir rocks is crucial for reliable predictions of geologic carbon storage, as it strongly impacts CO2 migration and residual trapping in the reservoir. The wetting state of such systems can be assessed through laboratory measurements of the capillary pressure characteristic curve. However, while some studies reported consistent scaling with strongly water wet systems, some others observed deviations from hydrophilic conditions. We present core‐flooding drainage capillary pressure measurements using scCO2/water and N2/water on a Berea sandstone, untreated, then fired, and then exposed to scCO2 for 28 days. The purpose is to investigate the impact of firing and longer exposure to scCO2, two potential sources for variability in experimental observations, on capillarity and wettability. The results show excellent agreement among all the core‐flooding capillary pressure data, suggesting no change in wetting state due to firing or longer exposure.
Using a Scenario‐Neutral Framework to Avoid Potential Maladaptation to Future Flood Risk
Authors: Broderick Ciaran , Murphy Conor , Wilby Robert L. , Matthews Tom , Prudhomme Christel , Adamson Mark 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study develops a coherent framework to detect those catchment types associated with a high risk of maladaptation to future flood risk. Using the “scenario‐neutral” approach to impact assessment the sensitivity of Irish catchments to fluvial flooding is examined in the context of national climate change allowances. A predefined sensitivity domain is used to quantify flood responses to +2 °C mean annual temperature with incremental changes in the seasonality and mean of the annual precipitation cycle. The magnitude of the 20‐year flood is simulated at each increment using two rainfall‐runoff models (GR4J, NAM), then concatenated as response surfaces for 35 sample catchments. A typology of catchment sensitivity is developed using clustering and discriminant analysis of physical attributes. The same attributes are used to classify 215 ungauged/data‐sparse catchments. To address possible redundancies, the exposure of different catchment types to projected climate is established using an objectively selected subset of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 ensemble. Hydrological model uncertainty is shown to significantly influence sensitivity and have a greater effect than ensemble bias. A national flood risk allowance of 20%, considering all 215 catchments is shown to afford protection against ~48% to 98% of the uncertainty in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 subset (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5; 2070–2099), irrespective of hydrological model and catchment type. However, results indicate that assuming a standard national or regional allowance could lead to local over/under adaptation. Herein, catchments with relatively less storage are sensitive to seasonal amplification in the annual cycle of precipitation and warrant special attention.
The Value of Empirical Data for Estimating the Parameters of a Sociohydrological Flood Risk Model
Authors: Barendrecht M. H. , Viglione A. , Kreibich H. , Merz B. , Vorogushyn S. , Blöschl G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, empirical data are used to estimate the parameters of a sociohydrological flood risk model. The proposed model, which describes the interactions between floods, settlement density, awareness, preparedness, and flood loss, is based on the literature. Data for the case study of Dresden, Germany, over a period of 200 years, are used to estimate the model parameters through Bayesian inference. The credibility bounds of their estimates are small, even though the data are rather uncertain. A sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the value of the different data sources in estimating the model parameters. In general, the estimated parameters are less biased when using data at the end of the modeled period. Data about flood awareness are the most important to correctly estimate the parameters of this model and to correctly model the system dynamics. Using more data for other variables cannot compensate for the absence of awareness data. More generally, the absence of data mostly affects the estimation of the parameters that are directly related to the variable for which data are missing. This paper demonstrates that combining sociohydrological modeling and empirical data gives additional insights into the sociohydrological system, such as quantifying the forgetfulness of the society, which would otherwise not be easily achieved by sociohydrological models without data or by standard statistical analysis of empirical data.
Anxiety Among Adolescents With Asthma: Relationships With Asthma Control and Sleep Quality
Authors: Fidler Andrea , Lawless Casey , LaFave Elizabeth , Netz Mallory , McConville Andrew , Turner Elise , Fedele David 
Published: January 2019

Objective: Adolescents with asthma are at increased risk for poor sleep quality, anxiety, and worse asthma control. Given associations between sleep and anxiety among youth and between asthma control and anxiety in the adult literature, this cross-sectional study aims to examine whether (1) asthma control and anxiety are related among adolescents with asthma and (2) sleep quality accounts for unique variance in symptoms of anxiety beyond asthma control. Methods: Forty-one adolescents with persistent asthma ( M age = 14.83, SD = 1.28) completed the Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale, the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children 2, and the Asthma Control Test. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to assess whether sleep quality accounted for unique variance in anxiety above asthma control. Results: Asthma control was not related to overall anxiety, p > .05, but was associated with greater endorsement of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and physical anxiety symptoms. Together, asthma control and sleep quality explained 32.3% of the variance in overall anxiety, F(3, 34) = 5.41, p = .004. Adding sleep quality to the model accounted for 15.8% of the variance, with worse sleep quality being associated with higher anxiety, β = −.43, p = .008. Controlling for asthma control, sleep quality also explained additional variance in GAD and physical anxiety symptoms. Asthma control and sleep quality were not related to harm avoidance, p > .05. Conclusions: Our results emphasize the importance of screening for anxiety and sleep difficulties when working with adolescents with asthma, particularly those with poor asthma control. Implications for Impact Statement This study among adolescents with asthma suggests sleep quality may be an important component of anxiety beyond asthma control. Additionally, findings indicate adolescents with worse asthma control and poorer sleep quality endorse more anxiety symptoms.
Stratification and prediction of remission in first-episode psychosis patients: the OPTiMiSE cohort study
Authors: Martinuzzi Emanuela , Barbosa Susana , Daoudlarian Douglas , Bel Haj Ali Wafa , Gilet Cyprien , Fillatre Lionel , Khalfallah Olfa , Troudet Réjane , Jamain Stéphane , Fond Guillaume , Sommer Iris , Leucht Stefan , Dazzan Paola , McGuire Philip , Arango Celso , Diaz-Caneja Covadonga M. , Fleischhacker Wolfgang , Rujescu Dan , Glenthøj Birte , Winter Inge , Kahn René Sylvain , Yolken Robert , Lewis Shon , Drake Richard , Davidovic Laetitia , Leboyer Marion , Glaichenhaus Nicolas ,   the OPTiMiSE Study Group
Published: January 2019

AbstractEarly response to first-line antipsychotic treatments is strongly associated with positive long-term symptomatic and functional outcome in psychosis. Unfortunately, attempts to identify reliable predictors of treatment response in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients have not yet been successful. One reason for this could be that FEP patients are highly heterogeneous in terms of symptom expression and underlying disease biological mechanisms, thereby impeding the identification of one-size-fits-all predictors of treatment response. We have used a clustering approach to stratify 325 FEP patients into four clinical subtypes, termed C1A, C1B, C2A and C2B, based on their symptoms assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scale. Compared to C1B, C2A and C2B patients, those from the C1A subtype exhibited the most severe symptoms and were the most at risk of being non-remitters when treated with the second-generation antipsychotic drug amisulpride. Before treatment, C1A patients exhibited higher serum levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-associated biomarkers therefore validating our stratification approach on external biological measures. Most importantly, in the C1A subtype, but not others, lower serum levels of interleukin (IL)-15, higher serum levels of C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), previous exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV), use of recreational drugs and being younger were all associated with higher odds of being non-remitters 4 weeks after treatment. The predictive value of this model was good (mean area under the curve (AUC) = 0.73 ± 0.10), and its specificity and sensitivity were 45 ± 0.09% and 83 ± 0.03%, respectively. Further validation and replication of these results in clinical trials would pave the way for the development of a blood-based assisted clinical decision support system in psychosis.
Mathematical Abilities in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Cross Alexandra M. , Joanisse Marc F. , Archibald Lisa M. D. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This review article provides a scoping review of the literature on mathematical abilities in developmental language disorder (DLD). Children with DLD typically struggle with learning in school; however, the mechanism by which DLD impacts academic success is unclear. Mathematics involves demands in the multiple domains and therefore holds potential for examining the relationship between language and academic performance on tasks mediated by verbal and nonverbal demands.

Method
A scoping review was performed via computerized database searching to examine literature on mathematics and DLD. The 21 review articles meeting inclusion criteria compared children with typical development or DLD on various tasks measuring numerical cognition.

Results
Children with DLD consistently performed below peers with typical development on number transcoding, counting, arithmetic, and story problem tasks. However, performance was similar to peers with typical development on most number line, magnitude comparison, and conceptual mathematics tasks.

Conclusions
The findings suggest a relationship between DLD and mathematics was characterized by more detrimental performance on tasks with higher verbal demands. Results are discussed with respect to typical academic curricula and demonstrate a need for early identification and intervention in DLD to optimize academic outcomes.
High‐gain circularly polarised Fabry–Perot antenna with tapered frequency selective surface for X‐band
Authors: Nguyen T.K. 
Published: January 2019

A design of partially reflective surface (PRS) for Fabry–Perot resonator antenna to simultaneously achieve axial ratio bandwidth and broadside‐gain enhancement is demonstrated. A simple wideband stacked patch antenna that operates at X‐band (8–12 GHz) is used as a radiation source to demonstrate the performance of this design. The proposed antenna has a PRS array comprising of 11 × 11 unit cells tapered which features 16.9 dBi maximum broadside gain and 12.7% common bandwidth from 8.8 to 10.0 GHz.
0.55–1.8 V, 7.5 nW, 225.5 mV, CMOS‐only subthreshold voltage reference
Authors: Duan Quanzhen , Wang Xuan , Huang Shengming , Ding Yuemin , Meng Zhen , Shi Kai 
Published: January 2019

This Letter presents a wide supply voltage range, ultra‐low power, and CMOS‐only subthreshold voltage reference. A complementary‐to‐absolute‐temperature () generator implemented by a standard transistor and a high transistor is used to obtain a negative temperature coefficient (TC) voltage. While, a proportional‐to‐absolute‐temperature () generator adopts a unbalanced differential pair to achieve a positive TC voltage. With both generator and generator, the CMOS‐only voltage reference circuit is proposed, which is implemented in a standard CMOS process. The simulation results show that the mean output reference voltage is 225.5 mV at room temperature with a supply voltage as low as 0.55 V, meanwhile the output reference voltage achieves a TC of with a temperature range from to . With a supply voltage of 0.55 V and at room temperature, the current consumption is 13.6 nA and the power consumption is only 7.5 nW. The reference circuit correctly works with a supply voltage ranging from 0.55 to 1.8 V, and it obtains the line regulation of 0.0022%/V.
Determining thermal dust emission from Planck HFI data using a sparse, parametric technique
Authors: Irfan Melis O. , Bobin Jérôme , Miville-Deschênes Marc-Antoine , Grenier Isabelle 
Published: January 2019

Context. The Planck data releases have provided the community with submillimetre and full-sky radio observations at unprecedented resolutions. We make use of the Planck 353, 545, and 857 GHz maps alongside the IRAS 3000 GHz map. These maps contain information on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), cosmic infrared background (CIB), extragalactic point sources, and diffuse thermal dust emission.
Aims. We aim to determine the modified black-body (MBB) model parameters of thermal dust emission in total intensity and produce all-sky maps of pure thermal dust, having separated this Galactic component from the CMB and CIB.
Methods. This separation is completed using a new, sparsity-based, parametric method, Parameter Recovery Exploiting Model Informed Sparse Estimates (premise). The method is comprised of three main stages: 1) filtering the raw data to reduce the effect of the CIB on the MBB fit; 2) fitting an MBB model to the filtered data across super-pixels of various sizes determined by the algorithm itself; and 3) refining these super-pixel estimates into full-resolution maps of the MBB parameters.
Results. We present our maps of MBB temperature, spectral index, and optical depth at 5 arcmin resolution and compare our estimates to those of GNILC and to the two-step MBB fit presented by the Planck Collaboration in 2013.
Conclusions. By exploiting sparsity we avoid the need for smoothing, enabling us to produce the first full-resolution MBB parameter maps from intensity measurements of thermal dust emission. We consider the premise parameter estimates to be competitive with the existing state-of-the-art solutions, outperforming these methods within low signal-to-noise regions as we account for the CIB without removing thermal dust emission through oversmoothing.
Doppler-Duplex-Sonografie der hirnversorgenden Gefäße – Fallstricke
Authors: Uphaus Timo , Gröschel Klaus 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser CME-Fortbildungsartikel soll einen strukturierten Untersuchungsgang der Doppler- und Duplexsonografie der hirnversorgenden Gefäße vermitteln und dabei auf besondere Schwierigkeiten / Fallstricke hinweisen. Im Einzelnen werden Kriterien zur Stenosegraduierung, häufig auftretende Fehlermöglichkeiten sowie anatomische und methodische Besonderheiten dargestellt.