bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidance on Use of Race, Ethnicity, and Geographic Origin as Proxies for Genetic Ancestry Groups in Biomedical Publications
Authors: Feero W. Gregory , Steiner Robert D. , Slavotinek Anne , Faial Tiago , Bamshad Michael J. , Austin Jehannine , Korf Bruce R. , Flanagin Annette , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten 
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from Genet Med 2024;26:101118)
Genomic and biomedical research has traditionally used race, ethnicity, and geographic origin to group subjects by presumed shared genetic ancestry. However, evidence shows these descriptors are ineffective for genetic grouping and can reinforce harmful racial biases.
Smoking Does Not Negatively Impact Outcomes Following Cervical Laminoplasty
Authors: Hou Brian Q. , Croft Andrew , Chanbour Hani , Zakieh Omar , Nian Hui , Pennings Jacquelyn S. , Bowers Mitchell , Young Mason W. , Waddell William H. , Abtahi Amir M. , Gardocki Raymond J. , Lugo-Pico Julian G. , Zuckerman Scott L. , Stephens Byron F. 
Published: November 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To assess the impact of smoking on outcomes following elective cervical laminoplasty for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Summary of Background Data:
The detrimental effect of cigarette smoking on cervical spinal fusion surgery outcomes is well documented. However, the impact of smoking on outcomes following nonfusion cervical spine procedures is unknown. One commonly utilized nonfusion technique for cervical decompression is laminoplasty.

Methods:
Adult smokers or nonsmokers who underwent primary elective laminoplasty for DCM were included. The propensity score (PS) was constructed for being a current smoker based on covariates. Only patients contained in the PS overlapped region were included in the analysis set. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at baseline and 12 months postoperation included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) neck and arm pain, neck disability index (NDI)%, EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) scores. Other outcomes included perioperative complications, 3-month readmissions/reoperations, and patient satisfaction. Wilcoxon and Pearson tests were used to compare outcomes between smokers and nonsmokers.

Results:
The study included 132 patients: 30 were smokers (22.7%) and 102 were nonsmokers (77.3%). No significant differences were found at baseline between groups in demographics or medical history. Smokers had significantly worse baseline VAS neck pain (5.7±3.2 vs. 4.4±3.04, P=0.028) and arm pain (5.7±3.5 vs. 4.3±3.2, P=0.045) scores, but all other baseline PROs were not statistically different between groups. No differences were found between smokers and nonsmokers in any 12-month PRO, or in rates of perioperative complications, 3-month readmissions, or 3-month reoperations. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, smoking had no significant impact on any outcome of interest.

Conclusion:
Clinical and PROs following elective laminoplasty for DCM are not significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers. Laminoplasty should be considered a good surgical option in smokers presenting with DCM.
Ketamine Versus Etomidate for Rapid Sequence Intubation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Greer Alisha , Hewitt Mark , Khazaneh Parsa T. , Ergan Begum , Burry Lisa , Semler Matthew W. , Rochwerg Bram , Sharif Sameer 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To compare the safety and efficacy of ketamine and etomidate as induction agents to facilitate emergent endotracheal intubation.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Clinical Trials Register, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to April 3, 2024.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared ketamine to etomidate to facilitate emergent endotracheal intubation in adults.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Reviewers screened abstracts, full texts, and extracted data independently and in duplicate. We pooled data using a random-effects model, assessed risk of bias using the modified Cochrane tool and certainty of evidence using the Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We pre-registered the protocol on PROSPERO (CRD42023472450).

DATA SYNTHESIS:
We included seven RCTs (n = 2384 patients). Based on pooled analysis, compared with etomidate, ketamine probably increases hemodynamic instability in the peri-intubation period (relative risk [RR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07–1.57; moderate certainty) but probably decreases the need for initiation of continuous infusion vasopressors (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57–1.00; moderate certainty) and results in less adrenal suppression (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.45–0.66; moderate certainty). Ketamine probably has no effect on successful intubation on the first attempt (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97–1.05; moderate certainty) or organ dysfunction measured as the maximum Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score during the first 3 days in ICU (mean difference, 0.55 SOFA points lower; 95% CI, 1.12 lower to 0.03 higher; moderate certainty) and may have no effect on mortality (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83–1.21; low certainty) when compared with etomidate.

CONCLUSIONS:
Compared with etomidate, ketamine probably results in more hemodynamic instability during the peri-intubation period and appears to have no effect on successful intubation on the first attempt or mortality. However, ketamine results in decreased need for the initiation of vasopressor use and decreases adrenal suppression compared with etomidate.
Nursing Interventions to Prevent Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in People in Intensive Care
Authors: Andrade Débora de Fátima Sousa , da Silva Carla Regina Rodrigues , Moura Derek Braga , Soares-Pinto Igor Emanuel 
Published: November 2024

Objective
To map nursing interventions that contribute to preventing posttraumatic stress in people hospitalized in the context of intensive care.

Design
Scoping review according to the Joanne Briggs Institute methodology.

Methods
The search was carried out in the databases PubMed, CINAHL via EBSCO, Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews, COCHRANE Database of Systematic Reviews, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, Dans Easy, and Dart-Europe. Published and unpublished studies (gray literature) were considered. This review integrates articles focused on nursing interventions that contribute to preventing posttraumatic stress in people hospitalized in intensive care in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Studies with quantitative, qualitative, or mixed designs are covered, as well as systematic reviews and guidelines. The research has 3 eligibility criteria, following the PPC mnemonic: participants (studies involving adults hospitalized in intensive care), concept (studies that address nursing interventions that prevent posttraumatic stress), and context (studies developed in any contextual settings).

Results
The present scoping review included 11 articles. Autonomous, nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, and interdependent nursing interventions were identified, capable of contributing to prevent posttraumatic stress in people hospitalized in intensive care.

Conclusion
Identifying nursing interventions that prevent posttraumatic stress in people hospitalized in intensive care allows nurses to develop care plans that include these interventions in the context of intensive care, with a view to improving the quality of nursing care provided.

Implications for Clinical Practice
This scoping review demonstrated that nurses have a crucial role in the prevention of posttraumatic stress in the context of intensive care. It is intended to make nurses aware of this issue, specifically to obtain highly significant and clinically relevant results, sensitive to nursing interventions. It is hoped that this review will be the precursor of research studies, centered on evaluating the degree of effectiveness of the nursing interventions mapped in this review.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Determining Ideal Nasal Tip Projection in Diverse Populations
Authors: Wiegmann Aaron L. , O’Neill Elizabeth S. , Taiberg Stephanie L. , Sinno Sammy , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Nasal tip projection ideals have been based on the Caucasian nose; however, many racial groups have underprojected tips. Several methodologies have been described to measure ideal nasal tip projection. This study aimed to compare various methods to racially diverse groups to elucidate those best suited for race-specific facial morphology.

Methods:
An openly accessible artificial intelligence image generator was used to generate images of Caucasian, Middle Eastern, and African American noses. Tip projection was manually measured using 5 different ideal tip projection methods. One-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey honest significant difference test evaluated differences between racial cohorts. One-sample t tests were used for comparisons to previously described aesthetic ideals, and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Twenty lateral images were analyzed per racial cohort (10 men and 10 women). All racial groups—except for male Middle Eastern noses (P = 0.01)—were measured as ideal using the Byrd nasal length proportion method. Caucasian and Middle Eastern noses measured ideal using the nasolabial tip projection method. African American female noses measured ideal using the nasofacial tip projection method. Only Caucasian noses were ideal using the lip tangent method.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that the ideal nasal length to tip length ratio of two-thirds (67%) has generalizability across these racial groups; the lip tangent is an excellent method for evaluating tip projection in Caucasians; and assessment of ideal tip projection in Middle Eastern and African American groups should use regional midface and lower face anatomy to account for differences in facial morphology.
Study on Blood Circulation Monitoring After the Tissue Transfer of Ultrathin or Conventional Anterolateral Thigh Flaps
Authors: Zhou Zhegang , Yu Longbiao , Meng Fanbin , Wen Jingjing , Xiao Yingfeng , Wan Shengxiang , Zeng Hui , Yu Fei 
Published: November 2024

Background:
This study was conducted to compare the incidence of postoperative complications related to blood circulation in the treatment of skin defects through the transfer of ultrathin anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps or conventional ALT flaps.

Methods:
Patients who received ultrathin ALT flap transfer (group A) and conventional ALT flap transfer (group B) due to skin defects at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from January 2016 to January 2023 were included in this study. The postoperative incidence of ecchymosis, vascular crisis (artery or vein), and flap survival were compared between the 2 groups of patients.

Results:
In group A, 27 patients recovered and 8 patients reported ecchymosis. In addition, 32 patients achieved flap survival, 1 patient had partial flap necrosis, and 2 patients had complete flap necrosis. In group B, 61 patients recovered and 6 patients reported ecchymosis. In addition, 65 patients achieved flap survival, 1 patient had partial flap necrosis, and 1 patient had complete flap necrosis. Compared with group B, the incidence of ecchymosis was significantly higher in group A (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Postoperative blood circulation monitoring (especially ecchymosis) is an important part of postoperative nursing observation in the treatment of skin defects with ultrathin ALT flap transfer. There is no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative vascular crisis between ultrathin and conventional ALT flap transfer. However, the incidence of nonvenous crisis ecchymosis after ultrathin ALT flap transfer is significantly higher than that after conventional ALT flap transfer.
Audiologic Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation in Prelingually Deaf Children Who Have Combined Anomalies or Disabilities
Authors: Choi Yeonjoo , Lee Yun Ji , Joo Hye Ah , Kang Woo Seok , Ahn Joong Ho , Chung Jong Woo , Park Hong Ju 
Published: November 2024

Objective
To evaluate the audiologic outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) in prelingually deaf children with comorbid disorders.

Study Design
Retrospective study.

Setting
Tertiary care academic center.

Patients
We enrolled 85 deaf children (111 ears) with comorbid disorders who underwent CI surgery.

Main Outcomes and Measures
We selected the most common comorbid disorder and compared the categories of auditory performance (CAP) scores of each comorbidity group with those of the control group. Combined cochlear anomalies were also evaluated using temporal bone computed tomography.

Results
The most common comorbid disorder was CHARGE syndrome (n = 17), followed by developmental delay (n = 13), valvular heart disease (including septal defect) (n = 13), Waardenburg syndrome (n = 8), Down syndrome (n = 6), cerebral palsy (n = 5), and cryptorchidism (n = 5). The CAP scores differed significantly between all the groups and the control group after 6 months (p < 0.001). The differences in the CHARGE syndrome (p = 0.004), cerebral palsy (p = 0.001), and Down syndrome (p = 0.004) groups remained significant 2 years after CI. When comparing the presence or absence of anomalies within the syndromic and nonsyndromic groups, significantly poorer outcomes exist when cochlear anomalies with absent modiolus or cochlear nerve deficits were observed, regardless of the presence of syndromic disorders.

Conclusion
Compared with those in the control group, the CAP scores in the group with coexisting disabilities increased over time, but their final scores were relatively lower. Combined disabilities as well as the absent modiolus and cochlear nerve deficit may be clinical markers for poor CAP scores.
Validation of the G.LAB MD6300 upper arm blood pressure monitor in different positions according to the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO81060-2:2018+AMD1:2020)
Authors: Cheng Rui , Li Linyi , Chen Jinfeng , Ren Jie , Wan Yi 
Published: November 2024

Objective
To validate the accuracy of the G.LAB MD6300 oscillometric upper arm blood pressure monitor in the sitting, supine, and right lateral decubitus position in the general population according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization (AAMI/ESH/ISO) Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2 : 2018+AMD1 : 2020).

Methods
The qualified participants were recruited in the study and the same left-arm sequential method was used for blood pressure measurement according to the Universal Standard. The validation results were assessed for the three positions and the Bland–Altman scatter plot was used to show the difference between the test device and reference results.

Results
A total of 85 participants were included in the analysis. The mean differences between the test device and reference readings were 0.95 ± 6.76/0.47 ± 6.71 mmHg, 0.55 ± 6.73/−0.20 ± 6.72 mmHg, and −0.71 ± 7.11/−0.86 ± 7.06 mmHg for SBP and DBP for the validation criterion 1 in the sitting position, supine with upward palm position, and right lateral decubitus position with downward left palm flat on left side position, respectively. Furthermore, the mean differences and their standard deviations for SBP and DBP calculated according to criterion 2 in the ISO81060-2 : 2018+AMD1 : 2020 were acceptable in all three positions.

Conclusion
The G.LAB MD6300 upper arm blood pressure monitor fulfilled the validation criteria of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2 : 2018+AMD1 : 2020) in the sitting position, and its accuracy in the supine and right lateral decubitus position was acceptable and roughly equivalent to that in the sitting position. Therefore, it can be recommended for clinical use and self-measurement in the general population.
Built environment and chronic kidney disease: current state and future directions
Authors: Kim Byoungjun , Kanchi Rania , Titus Andrea R. , Grams Morgan E. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A. , Thorpe Lorna E. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Despite emerging studies on neighborhood-level risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), our understanding of the causal links between neighborhood characteristics and CKD is limited. In particular, there is a gap in identifying modifiable neighborhood factors, such as the built environment, in preventing CKD, that could be targets for feasible place-based interventions.

Recent findings
Most published studies on neighborhood factors and CKD have focused on a single social attribute, such as neighborhood disadvantage, while research on the role of the built environment is more nascent. Early studies on this topic have yielded inconsistent results, particularly regarding whether food deserts are an environmental risk factor for CKD onset. International studies have shown that walkable neighborhoods – characterized by features such as urban design, park access, and green spaces – can be protective against both the onset and progression of CKD. However, these findings are inconclusive and understudied in the context of United States, where neighborhood environments differ from those in other countries.

Summary
Future research on modifiable neighborhood factors and CKD using advanced study designs and population-representative datasets can yield stronger evidence on potential causal associations and suggest feasible place-based interventions as strategies for preventing CKD. As an example, we demonstrated the potential of electronic health record-based studies to advance research in this area.
Human Trafficking and the Role of the Case Manager
Authors: Anderson Jennifer 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
Human trafficking (HT) is the fastest growing crime in the world and a major health concern for healthcare. There is a critical lack of healthcare provider targeted HT education, resulting in the failure to identify, rescue, and provide proper care for victims of HT in the United States. All healthcare professionals must be vigilant and proactive in identifying and assisting victims of HT. Recognizing this need, the aim of this paper is to improve case managers’ awareness and knowledge of their role in HT.

Primary Practice Settings:
The primary setting for purposes of this paper is the hospital as this is the most likely setting where a case manager would encounter a victim of HT. It has been reported that 87.8% of victims report they have been in contact with a healthcare professional at some point during their trafficking with 63.3% occurring in a hospital/emergency room.

Conclusion and Implications for Case Management Practice:
Given the prevalence of HT and the likelihood of numbers growing, case managers should proactively learn to identify, rescue, and provide patient-centered care for victims of HT. This can be achieved through the knowledge of tools that exist to assist case managers in the identification of victims, including the AMP and SOAR models. Additionally, it is important to know one’s role, debunk the myths, and recognize the signs associated with trafficking. Providing a collaborative, patient-centered care approach that supports and empowers the victim will lead to improved victim outcomes and may aid the successful prosecution of the trafficker.
Outcomes and Antithrombotic Regimens in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Competing Large-Artery Atherosclerosis
Authors: Xue Sufang , Na Risu , Dong Jing , Qiu Xue , Wei Min , Kong Qi , Wang Qiujia , Li Fangyu , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the outcomes and effectiveness of different antithrombotic regimens at discharge in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and competing large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) mechanisms.

Methods:
In an observational study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data of NVAF patients with AIS from January 2018 to December 2021 (NCT04080830). The subjects were grouped into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of competing LAA mechanisms. Stroke severity, short-term prognosis, and ischemic recurrence (a composite of ischemic stroke/TIA, myocardial infarction, or systemic embolism after index stroke), were compared between the 2 groups. Antithrombotic regimens at discharge were further categorized into antiplatelet and anticoagulant subgroups to analyze their effectiveness.

Results:
Five hundred-one NVAF patients with AIS (129 with and 372 without competing LAA mechanisms) were included. Compared with the other group, the group with competing LAA mechanisms had a higher proportion of patients with a nondisabling mRS score (P<0.001), lower mortality rates at the 90-day follow-up (P=0.048), and higher 180-day ischemic outcomes (P=0.023). Subgroup analysis showed that the ischemic outcomes were not significantly different (P=0.166) between the anticoagulant and antiplatelet subgroups in patients with competing LAA mechanisms. In contrast, it was numerically higher in the anticoagulant subgroup.

Conclusion:
NVAF patients with AIS due to competing LAA mechanisms had mild severity and a comfortable short-term prognosis; however, these patients had a higher risk of ischemic events. The optimal antithrombotic regimens in these patients remain unclear, and stroke mechanisms should be considered.
Trends in Severe Maternal Morbidity, Obstetric Comorbidities, and Birth Complications in Illinois
Authors: Mokashi Mugdha , Yee Lynn , Feinglass Joseph 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To analyze trends in severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and route-specific complications of birth in Illinois hospitals from January 2016 to June 2023.

METHODS:
This retrospective population-based cohort study analyzed birth admission data from 159 hospitals using the Illinois Hospital Association Comparative Health Care and Hospital Data Reporting Services database from January 2016 to June 2023. Primary outcomes were incidence of SMM and route-specific delivery complications. Secondary outcomes included incidence of chronic and pregnancy-related comorbidities. Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios for SMM; logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for route-specific birth complications; and model SEs were adjusted for clustering of observations within hospitals.

RESULTS:
In this cohort of 988,480 births, the overall SMM rate was 1.6%; the rate of SMM rose from 1.4% in 2016 to 2.0% in 2023. The rate of SMM was 0.9% for people who underwent vaginal births and 3.2% for people who underwent for cesarean births. Vaginal birth complications (7.3% overall) increased 22.4%, and cesarean birth complications (10.9% overall) increased 48.9%. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and anemia, both of which increased over the study period, were significant risk factors for SMM and birth complications. Over the study period, there were also increases in International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision–coded gestational diabetes (4.2–5.5%), depression (2.5–6.6%), anxiety (3.1–10.4%), and other chronic comorbidities (4.7–7.4%). Non-Hispanic Black patients had more than double the SMM rate (2.6%) compared with non-Hispanic White patients (1.1%).

CONCLUSION:
From 2016 to 2023, the rates of SMM and birth complications in Illinois increased alongside increases in coding for chronic and prepregnancy and pregnancy-related comorbidities. This study demonstrates the burden of cesarean birth–associated adverse outcomes, including a higher rate of SMM, which increased over the study period.