bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autogenous DDM versus Bio‐Oss granules in GBR for immediate implantation in periodontal postextraction sites: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Li Peng , Zhu HuiCong , Huang DaHong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeDemineralized dentin matrix (DDM) from the patient's own extracted healthy tooth can be recycled as an autogenous biomaterial for reconstructive dentistry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of autogenous DDM versus Bio‐Oss granules in guided bone regeneration (GBR) for immediate implantation in periodontal postextraction sites.Materials and methodsFrom November 2015 to March 2017, patients referred to the Foshan Stomatology Hospital, who had been diagnosed with severe periodontitis of the posterior mandibular tooth and agreed to dental implant treatment, were consecutively included. The patients were randomly allocated to the DDM group, treated with immediate implantation + GBR with autogenous DDM granules from the extracted tooth, or the BIO group, treated with immediate implantation + GBR with Bio‐Oss granules. The implant stability and marginal bone resorption were measured immediately, at 6 and 18 months after surgery.ResultsForty patients (45 implants) were included. Except 2 cases with wound infection, 43 implants did not have postoperative complications and achieved a satisfactory outcome after 1‐year prosthetic loading. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in implant stability quotient values and marginal bone resorption.ConclusionThe autogenous DDM granules prepared at the chairside after extractions could act as an excellent readily available alternative to bone graft material in GBR, even for implantation of severe periodontitis cases.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by colophonium
Authors: Pesonen Maria , Suuronen Katri , Suomela Sari , Aalto‐Korte Kristiina 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundColophonium is a common contact allergen that is present not only in household products but also in occupational settings.ObjectivesTo describe the sources of occupational exposure to colophonium and the occupations at risk of colophonium allergy.MethodsWe reviewed patch test files from the years 2002 to 2017 at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health for patients with allergic reactions to colophonium and abietic acid. We analysed the patch test, occupation and exposure data of 39 patients diagnosed with occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) caused by colophonium.ResultsOf the patients examined for suspected occupational dermatitis, 4.6% (n = 118) reacted positively to colophonium. The majority of the OACD patients worked in the wood industry, as machinists, or were involved in soldering or agriculture. The most common occupational sources of exposure were coniferous wood and wood‐derived materials, followed by glues, metalworking fluids, and soldering materials. Colophonium is not always mentioned in safety data sheets (SDSs), and the sources of colophonium exposure are often materials for which there are no SDSs.ConclusionOACD caused by colophonium is quite common and occurs in a variety of occupations. SDSs provide poor information for exposure assessment. Patch testing with the patient's own materials was often useful in establishing the diagnosis.
Metastatic pattern and new primary tumours after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery in rectal cancer
Authors: Frambach P. , Pucciarelli S. , Perin A. , Zuin M. , Toppan P. , Maretto I. , Urso E. D. L. , Spolverato G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimCurrent follow‐up guidelines for distant tumour recurrence after rectal cancer surgery are not defined or agreed. The aim was to elucidate the pattern of recurrence over time and provide information that could help direct a strategy for surveillance.MethodIn all, 378 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery with curative intent. Patients were followed up with a standard protocol, and data were prospectively collected in a dedicated database. Disease‐free survival and overall survival were calculated.ResultsWithin a median follow‐up time of 75 months, rates of local and distant recurrence were 2.6% and 21.7%, respectively. Risk factors for recurrence were a baseline carcinoembryonic antigen > 5.0 ng/ml, a distance from the anal verge ≤ 5 cm, R1 resection margins, G3 grading, ypT staging > 2, positive lymph node status and a tumour regression grade of 3–5. Disease‐free survival did not vary significantly between patients with lung and extra‐pulmonary metastases (P = 0.59). The only factor associated with increased risk of lung metastases was a distance of the tumour from the anal verge of ≤ 5 cm (P = 0.01). Most recurrences occurred within the first 3 years after surgery (74.4%). The first site of recurrence was most frequently the lung (52.0%). The most frequent new primary malignancy was lung cancer (22.5%).ConclusionsPatients undergoing curative therapy for rectal cancer often experience distant recurrence; the majority of recurrences occur within the first 3 years after surgery and lung metastases are the most common. A predictive factor for pulmonary recurrence is a tumour in the lower rectum.
Temporal scale of environmental correlations affects ecological synchrony
Authors: Desharnais Robert A. , Reuman Daniel C. , Costantino Robert F. , Cohen Joel E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPopulation densities of a species measured in different locations are often correlated over time, a phenomenon referred to as synchrony. Synchrony results from dispersal of individuals among locations and spatially correlated environmental variation, among other causes. Synchrony is often measured by a correlation coefficient. However, synchrony can vary with timescale. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the timescale‐specificity of environmental correlation affects the overall magnitude and timescale‐specificity of synchrony, and that these effects are modified by population dispersal. Our laboratory experiments linked populations of flour beetles by changes in habitat size and dispersal. Linear filter theory, applied to a metapopulation model for the experimental system, predicted the observed timescale‐specific effects. The timescales at which environmental covariation occurs can affect the population dynamics of species in fragmented habitats.
How frequency‐dependent selection affects population fitness, maladaptation and evolutionary rescue
Authors: Svensson Erik I. , Connallon Tim 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFrequency‐dependent (FD) selection is a central process maintaining genetic variation and mediating evolution of population fitness. FD selection has attracted interest from researchers in a wide range of biological subdisciplines, including evolutionary genetics, behavioural ecology and, more recently, community ecology. However, the implications of frequency dependence for applied biological problems, particularly maladaptation, biological conservation and evolutionary rescue remain underexplored. The neglect of FD selection in conservation is particularly unfortunate. Classical theory, dating back to the 1940s, demonstrated that frequency dependence can either increase or decrease population fitness. These evolutionary consequences of FD selection are relevant to modern concerns about population persistence and the capacity of evolution to alleviate extinction risks. But exactly when should we expect FD selection to increase versus decrease absolute fitness and population growth? And how much of an impact is FD selection expected to have on population persistence versus extinction in changing environments? The answers to these questions have implications for evolutionary rescue under climate change and may inform strategies for managing threatened populations. Here, we revisit the core theory of FD selection, reviewing classical single‐locus models of population genetic change and outlining short‐ and long‐run consequences of FD selection for the evolution of population fitness. We then develop a quantitative genetic model of evolutionary rescue in a deteriorating environment, with population persistence hinging upon the evolution of a quantitative trait subject to both frequency‐dependent and frequency‐independent natural selection. We discuss the empirical literature pertinent to this theory, which supports key assumptions of our model. We show that FD selection can promote population persistence when it aligns with the direction of frequency‐independent selection imposed by abiotic environmental conditions. However, under most scenarios of environmental change, FD selection limits a population's evolutionary responsiveness to changing conditions and narrows the rate of environmental change that is evolutionarily tolerable.
HIF‐1α‐mediated BMP6 down‐regulation leads to hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Bae Hyun Cheol , Kim Jaehyung , Lee Hana , Ryu Woo‐In , Son Eui Dong , Lee Tae Ryong , Jeong Sang Hoon , Son Sang Wook 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) has been reported to be up‐regulated in psoriatic epidermis, resulting in increased proliferation and abnormal differentiation of human keratinocytes (KCs). However, the role of HIF‐1α in psoriatic epidermis, which is mainly composed of KCs, is poorly understood. Here, we show that morphogenic protein 6 (BMP6) is down‐regulated when HIF‐1α is upregulated in patients with psoriasis skin lesions. HIF‐1α overexpression in primary human KCs promoted proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation. Furthermore, HIF1‐α repressed the expression of BMP6 by binding directly to the hypoxia‐response element (HRE) in the BMP6 promotor region, which shows that BMP6 is a novel target gene of HIF‐1α. We also found that HIF‐1α‐mediated BMP6 suppression could alter the proliferation status by modulating the expression levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins and also affect the early differentiation of KCs. Therefore, we suggest that HIF‐1α‐dependent BMP6 suppression has a critical role in the induction of hyper‐proliferation and abnormal differentiation in psoriatic KCs.
Bacterial community response to a preindustrial‐to‐future CO2 gradient is limited and soil specific in Texas Prairie grassland
Authors: Raut Swastika , Polley Herbert W. , Fay Philip A. , Kang Sanghoon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRising atmospheric CO2 concentration directly stimulates plant productivity and affects nutrient dynamics in the soil. However, the influence of CO2 enrichment on soil bacterial communities remains elusive, likely due to their complex interactions with a wide range of plant and soil properties. Here, we investigated the bacterial community response to a decade long preindustrial‐to‐future CO2 gradient (250–500 ppm) among three contrasting soil types using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In addition, we examined the effect of seasonal variation and plant species composition on bacterial communities. We found that Shannon index (H’) and Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD) did not change in response to the CO2 gradient (R2 = 0.01, p > 0.05). CO2 gradient and season also had a negligible effect on overall community structure, although silty clay soil communities were better structured on a CO2 gradient (p < 0.001) among three soils. Similarly, CO2 gradient had no significant effect on the relative abundance of different phyla. However, we observed soil‐specific variation of CO2 effects in a few individual families. For example, the abundance of Pirellulaceae family decreased linearly with CO2 gradient, but only in sandy loam soils. Conversely, the abundance of Micromonosporaceae and Gaillaceae families increased with CO2 gradient in clay soils. Soil water content (SWC) and nutrient properties were the key environmental constraints shaping bacterial community structure, one manifestation of which was a decline in bacterial diversity with increasing SWC. Furthermore, the impact of plant species composition on community structure was secondary to the strong influence of soil properties. Taken together, our findings indicate that bacterial communities may be largely unresponsive to indirect effects of CO2 enrichment through plants. Instead, bacterial communities are strongly regulated by edaphic conditions, presumably because soil differences create distinct environmental niches for bacteria.
Aversion caused by skin diseases – a crowdsourcing study
Authors: Pereira Priscilla A. , Miot Helio A. , Coutinho Thales V. , Schmitt Juliano Vilaverde 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundDisgust is a universal emotion that plays a role in reducing people's exposure to situations with risks of contamination. By the same token, skin diseases could generate aversion in observers. The present study aimed to assess the aversion triggered when viewing skin disease lesions on the face and hands.MethodsA questionnaire was applied over the Internet containing demographic questions, assessment of personal sensitivity to disgust – by the Disgust Scale‐Revised (DS‐R) ‐, and the aversion triggered when viewing eight images of skin diseases using an image aversion score (IAS) ranging from 0 to 10.ResultsSix‐hundred forty‐nine people responded, 49% female, with a median age of 26 (p25–p75: 22–34). A total of 2596 evaluations of images were collected. The overall IAS median was 2 (0–4), and Cronbach's alpha resulted 0.87. There was a significant correlation between DS‐R and IAS (Spearman's rho = 0.42; P < 0.01). Seven‐hundred twenty‐four (28%) evaluations were considered as contagious diseases and received higher IAS: 5 (2–7) × 1 (0–3); P < 0.01. In multivariate analysis, the higher IAS was independently associated with male gender, with no children, not working as a health professional or caregiver, and presenting higher DS‐R (P < 0.01). By analyzing the IAS according to morphological characteristics, we identified lower scores for macular dyschromic lesions (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe aversion triggered by skin lesions varies according to the personal characteristics of the observer and the morphology of the lesion, being lower for macular dyschromic lesions, and associated with disgust sensitivity and the assignment of contagiousness to the lesion.
A novel cognitive stress management technique for acne vulgaris: a short report of a pilot experimental study
Authors: Chatzikonstantinou Foteini , Miskedaki Anastasia , Antoniou Christina , Chatzikonstantinou Michael , Chrousos George , Darviri Christina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris (AV) is one of the most common disorders treated by dermatologists and other healthcare providers. Stress is a well‐attested contributor to AV pathogenesis. However, to our knowledge, stress management has not yet been performed in AV patients. In this 8‐week experimental study, we primarily examined the effectiveness of a novel method, dubbed Pythagorean Self‐Awareness Intervention (PSAI) in AV.MethodsThis is a two‐armed 1 : 1 randomized non‐blind experimental study. The total sample was comprised of 15 female patients in the intervention group (mean age 27.2 ± 6.6) and 15 female patients in the control group (mean age 29.1 ± 6.9), all women. Measurements included clinical stage of AV, acne‐related quality of life, perceived stress, and positive and negative affect assessed by validated self‐administered tools.ResultsFourteen (93.3%) patients in the intervention group and four (26.7%) patients in the control group showed improvement of the acne stage (relative risk: 3.5, 95% CI 1.5–8.2, P = 0.001). Significant improvements remained after adjusting for age and baseline acne stage. Large to moderate significant effects were observed for perceived stress and negative affect. There were no dropouts and side effects in the PSAI group, whereas compliance reached 100%.ConclusionsPythagorean Self‐Awareness Intervention is a feasible and possibly effective stress management method for AV. Future larger and longer randomized controlled studies are strongly encouraged.
Cutaneous effects associated with fluconazole in patients treated for coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Brewer Ann C. , Huber Jordan T. , Girardo Marlene E. , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Burns Mark W. , Stewart Terry D. , Blair Janis E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundFluconazole is the most commonly used antifungal treatment for various forms of coccidioidomycosis. Although we had anecdotally observed a high proportion of patients reporting cutaneous adverse effects associated with fluconazole treatment, this observation was not well described in the medical literature, and we were unsure of the additional effect of the arid desert environment of Arizona.MethodsWe performed a one‐time, voluntary survey of patients with coccidioidomycosis and compared the responses of patients treated with fluconazole with those of untreated patients.ResultsFrom January 1, 2015, to August 22, 2017, 62 fluconazole‐treated and 35 untreated patients with coccidioidomycosis provided consent and were enrolled in the study; demographics were similar between the two groups. Among the 62 fluconazole‐treated patients, daily dosages ranged from 200 mg to 800 mg. However, most (44/62, 71%) took 400 mg daily, the typical dose for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. The median fluconazole treatment duration at the time of study participation was 6 months. When compared with untreated patients, those taking fluconazole had more moderate to severe dry lips (74.2% [46/62] vs. 23.5% [8/34]; P < 0.001), dry skin (45.8% [27/59] vs. 22.9% [8/35]; P = 0.03), and alopecia (31.1% [19/61] vs. 11.4% [4/35]; P = 0.004).ConclusionsFor the treatment of coccidioidomycosis, patients receiving fluconazole reported significantly more severe cutaneous effects, including dry lips, dry skin, and alopecia, than untreated patients. Our findings identify an association but do not prove causality.
The function of spineless in antenna and wing development of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Li X. , Liu F.‐Z. , Cai W.‐L. , Zhao J. , Hua H.‐X. , Zou Y.‐L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA wide array of sensilla are distributed on insect antennae, and they play a variety of important roles. Rice planthoppers, destructive pests on rice, have a unique antenna sensilla structure called the ‘sensory plaque organ’. The spineless (ss) gene encodes a bHLH‐PAS transcription factor and plays a key role in antenna development. In the current study, a 3029 bp full‐length cDNA of the Nilaparvata lugens ss gene (Nlss) was cloned, and it encodes 654 amino acid residues. The highest level of Nlss expression was detected in the thorax of fourth‐instar nymphs. Knockdown of Nlss in nymphs led to a decrease in the number and size of plaque organs. Moreover, the flagella of the treated insects were poorly developed, wilted, and even dropped off from the pedicel. Nlss‐knockdown also resulted in twisted wings in both long‐winged and short‐winged brown planthoppers. Y‐type olfactometer analyses indicated that antenna defects originating from Nlss depletion resulted in less sensitivity to host volatiles. This study represents the first report of the characteristics and functions of Nlss in N. lugens antenna and wing development and illuminates the function of the plaque organ of N. lugens in host volatile perception.
Multiple functions of miR‐8‐3p in the development and metamorphosis of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Wu W. , Zhai M. , Li C. , Yu X. , Song X. , Gao S. , Li B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe microRNA miR‐8‐3p is conserved among insects and closely involved in development and immunity, but its functions in vivo are unexplored in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Here, we show that miR‐8‐3p was highly expressed in late larva and early adult stages, as determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. It was enriched in the fat body and cuticle in late larval tissues and abundant in the head and cuticle in early adult tissues, indicating this microRNA plays important roles during T. castaneum development. Specific inhibition of miR‐8‐3p in late larvae led to metamorphosis defects in the development of wings, eyes, legs and embryo. Moreover, a series of genes related to organism development were identified as miR‐8‐3p targets by computational prediction and microRNA–messenger RNA interaction validation, including Wingless, Eyg, Fpps and Sema‐1a. These genes were critical for the regulation of the larva‐to‐adult transition. Eyg, as a functional target of miR‐8‐3p, participates in eye development, which was further confirmed by luciferase assay and loss‐of‐function analyses. In brief, miR‐8‐3p is broadly involved in the development of wings, eyes and legs through its target genes and has extensive regulatory roles during T. castaneum development.
Endovascular clot retrieval in acute stroke with large ischaemic core is not always associated with poor outcomes
Authors: Sim Kenneth , Yan Bernard , Dowling Richard , Bush Steven , Mitchell Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe benefits of endovascular clot retrieval (ECR) for anterior circulation stroke with large ischaemic cores remain uncertain. In spite of recent pooled analysis of randomised controlled studies, conclusions regarding the fate of large ischaemic cores cannot be reached given the small number of included patients.AimTo evaluate outcomes of ECR in acute stroke with large ischaemic core.MethodsThis was a single centre retrospective study of patients treated with ECR in the period 2012–2017. The inclusion criteria were anterior circulation stroke with symptom onset less than 6 h, baseline computed tomography perfusion and a 90‐day clinical follow up defined by the modified Rankin score.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐one patients were included. Median age of 72 (interquartile range: 61–78) and 59% were male. The mean ischaemic core volume was 27.6 mL (SD: 34.9 mL). There were 235 patients with an ischaemic core volume of <70 mL and 26 patients with an ischaemic core volume of ≥70 mL. There was no statistically significant difference; however, in a 90‐day functional independence with 66% (154/235) in the <70 mL core group and 54% (14/26) in the ≥70 mL core group reaching a 90‐day modified Rankin score ≤2.ConclusionsWe found that patients selected for ECR with ischaemic core size ≥70 mL had clinical outcomes not significantly different compared with those with smaller ischaemic cores. We recommend that large ischaemic core size alone does not necessarily constitute an absolute contraindication for ECR. Randomised controlled studies are needed to define better the benefits for this group of patients.
Properties and functions of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity
Authors: Russo Lucia , Lumeng Carey N. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe expansion of adipose tissue (AT) in obesity is accompanied by the accumulation of immune cells that contribute to a state of low‐grade, chronic inflammation and dysregulated metabolism. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) represent the most abundant class of leukocytes in AT and are involved in the regulation of several regulatory physiological processes, such as tissue remodeling and insulin sensitivity. With progressive obesity, ATMs are key mediators of meta‐inflammation, insulin resistance and impairment of adipocyte function. While macrophage recruitment from blood monocytes is a critical component of the generation of AT inflammation, new studies have revealed a role for ATM proliferation in the early stages of obesity and in sustaining AT inflammation. In addition, studies have revealed a more complex range of macrophage activation states than the previous M1/M2 model, and the existence of different macrophage profiles between human and animal models. This review will summarize the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ATM function in relation to obesity, type 2 diabetes, depot of origin, and to other leukocytes such as AT dendritic cells, with hopes of emphasizing the regulatory nodes that can potentially be targeted to prevent and treat obesity‐related metabolic disorders.