bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new internal structure of nauplius larvae: A “ghostly” support sling for cypris y left within the exuviae of nauplius y after metamorphosis (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta)
Authors: Grygier Mark J. , Høeg Jens T. , Dreyer Niklas , Olesen Jørgen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFacetotecta, or crustacean “y‐larvae,” occur in all the world's oceans although the adult forms remain completely unknown. At the metamorphic molt from the last naupliar instar to the terminal cypris larval stage a free carapace, six pairs of natatory thoracopods, and a segmented thorax and abdomen all develop anew. Unlike in earlier molts, the cephalic shield and the so‐called “faciotruncal integument” usually remain together at this last naupliar molt, and the posterior “trunk” portion of the exuviae, while hollow, is not empty. In mounted preparations examined by phase contrast or differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, a ghost‐like image of part of the cypris thorax, particularly the thoracopods and even their setae, is commonly visible inside the naupliar exuviae, and may be universally present in the Facetotecta. To investigate this “ghost,” we used DIC and digital photographic stacking, and also scanning electron microscopy, on slide or stub‐mounted final naupliar exuviae of an assortment of undescribed species of Facetotecta that had been reared from planktonic lecithotropic nauplii to the cypris stage at Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan, and at Keelung and Green Island, Taiwan. These techniques showed that the “ghost” is a delicate, three‐dimensional, fibrous structure, essentially a sling‐like mold or matrix with struts attached to the outer cuticle and pairs of deep pockets that previously held the thoracopods of the developing cypris y. Whether it is endoskeletal in nature, the (partial) exuvia of an additional instar, remnants of apoptosis, or something else is currently unknown. Nothing similar has been reported in other thecostracans, or in other crustaceans that undergo a similarly abrupt metamorphosis at the last naupliar molt.
Utility of deep learning super‐resolution in the context of osteoarthritis MRI biomarkers
Authors: Chaudhari Akshay S. , Stevens Kathryn J. , Wood Jeff P. , Chakraborty Amit K. , Gibbons Eric K. , Fang Zhongnan , Desai Arjun D. , Lee Jin Hyung , Gold Garry E. , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSuper‐resolution is an emerging method for enhancing MRI resolution; however, its impact on image quality is still unknown.PurposeTo evaluate MRI super‐resolution using quantitative and qualitative metrics of cartilage morphometry, osteophyte detection, and global image blurring.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 176 MRI studies of subjects at varying stages of osteoarthritis.Field Strength/SequenceOriginal‐resolution 3D double‐echo steady‐state (DESS) and DESS with 3× thicker slices retrospectively enhanced using super‐resolution and tricubic interpolation (TCI) at 3T.AssessmentA quantitative comparison of femoral cartilage morphometry was performed for the original‐resolution DESS, the super‐resolution, and the TCI scans in 17 subjects. A reader study by three musculoskeletal radiologists assessed cartilage image quality, overall image sharpness, and osteophytes incidence in all three sets of scans. A referenceless blurring metric evaluated blurring in all three image dimensions for the three sets of scans.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U‐tests compared Dice coefficients (DC) of segmentation accuracy for the DESS, super‐resolution, and TCI images, along with the image quality readings and blurring metrics. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence intervals compared osteophyte detection for the super‐resolution and TCI images, with the original‐resolution as a reference.ResultsDC for the original‐resolution (90.2 ± 1.7%) and super‐resolution (89.6 ± 2.0%) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than TCI (86.3 ± 5.6%). Segmentation overlap of super‐resolution with the original‐resolution (DC = 97.6 ± 0.7%) was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than TCI overlap (DC = 95.0 ± 1.1%). Cartilage image quality for sharpness and contrast levels, and the through‐plane quantitative blur factor for super‐resolution images, was significantly (P < 0.001) better than TCI. Super‐resolution osteophyte detection sensitivity of 80% (76–82%), specificity of 93% (92–94%), and DOR of 32 (22–46) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than TCI sensitivity of 73% (69–76%), specificity of 90% (89–91%), and DOR of 17 (13–22).Data ConclusionSuper‐resolution appears to consistently outperform naïve interpolation and may improve image quality without biasing quantitative biomarkers.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:768–779.
Disaster risk, risk management, and tourism competitiveness: A cross‐nation analysis
Authors: Liu Yang , Cheng Peng , OuYang Zhe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study explored how disaster risk and risk management level affect a country‐s tourism competitiveness using a classification of two dimensions of disaster risk, namely, exposure and vulnerability. We analyze empirical data from 128 countries in 2013 and find that both exposure to natural disasters and vulnerability can reduce a country‐s ability to compete globally in the tourism and a higher risk management level can improve its competitiveness. Additionally, government effectiveness moderates the relationship between exposure, vulnerability, and entry tourism competitiveness. Greater government effectiveness cannot, however, alleviate the negative impacts of disaster risk when the risk level is high.
Are different types of interfirm linkages conducive to different types of tourism innovation?
Authors: Tang Jinwen (Jimmy) , Williams Allan M. , Makkonen Teemu , Jiang Jinbo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFew studies have researched how the linkages of tourist firms are related to the types of tourism innovation. Therefore, an organizational information processing theory perspective, a case study approach, and a focus group method were adopted in the Pearl River Delta area (China) to discover how different types of firm linkages influence tourism innovation. The findings reveal that tourist firms have four main forms of linkages and that they have differentiated impacts on innovations. Intracompany linkages are beneficial for institutional, managerial, and product innovations; both intercompany and intrasectoral linkages encourage marketing and product innovations, whereas intersectoral linkages facilitate process innovation and product innovation. These findings fill a research gap in the knowledge of firm‐based innovative linkages and explore the importance of linkages between tourism services and tourism manufacturing.
Free lunch, may contain lead: scavenging shot small mammals
Authors: Mctee Michael , Hiller Brian , Ramsey Philip 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTScavengers are subsidized by the remains of hunting worldwide. Although most studies focus on carcasses of large mammals, small mammals that have been shot likely provide a significant food subsidy as well, particularly in parts of the western United States. Millions of small mammals are estimated to be shot each year for damage control and recreation, many being left in the field. Despite this prevalence of carrion, and the potential for scavengers to ingest residual lead from bullet fragments, the fate of these carcasses is largely unknown. We deployed remote cameras to observe which scavengers consumed shot ground squirrels (Urocitellus spp.) and black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in 8 locations across Montana, USA. At least 5 species of mammals and 9 species of birds scavenged, including burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia). Scavengers fully consumed 66% of carcasses and partially consumed 9%. Carcasses lasted an average of 24.5 hours before the first scavenger arrived. Of carcasses that were scavenged, mammals ate 16% and birds ate 84%, with corvids and raptors consuming an equal number of carcasses. Common ravens (Corvus corax) and black‐billed magpies (Pica hudsonia) visited the most carcasses and often arrived first. Scavengers consumed only 9% of the carcasses that were partially concealed by being inside a burrow. Overall, our results indicate that a diverse scavenger community consumes shot ground squirrels and black‐tailed prairie dogs, and consequently, may be exposed to lead from bullet fragments. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Q‐boosted switched inductor based on 1:2 transformer
Authors: Chen Zhe , Fan Kuikui , Zhai Jianfeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article, the development of quality factor (Q) boosted switched inductor based on 1:2 transformer is presented. The Q‐boosted switched inductor consists of 1:2 inductor‐loaded transformer and RF switch. The eddy current in the secondary coil, equivalent inductance, and Q‐boosted factor are theoretically analyzed and derived. In the proposed topology at switch ON‐state, the eddy current in the secondary coil will decrease to 1/2, and the dissipated power due to the switch on‐resistance will decrease to 1/4, compared with conventional switched inductor with 1:1 inductor‐loaded transformer. Thus, the inductor Q will be boosted at switch ON‐state. Prototype has been designed and fabricated for the Q‐boosted and conventional switched inductors. Measured results show the peak inductor Q is greatly improved from 19.3 to 30.4 at ON‐state. The proposed Q‐boosting method is compatible with multiple planar circuit techniques, that is, PCB, low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC), monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) techniques, etc.
An n‐sided polygonal finite element for nonlocal nonlinear analysis of plates and laminates
Authors: Aurojyoti P. , Raghu P. , Rajagopal A. , Reddy J. N. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this study, a locking‐free n‐sided C1 polygonal finite element is presented for nonlinear analysis of laminated plates. The plate kinematics is based on Reddy's third‐order shear deformation theory (TSDT). The in‐plane displacements are approximated using barycentric form of Lagrange shape functions. The weak‐form Galerkin formulation based on the kinematics of TSDT requires the C1 approximation of the transverse displacement over the polygonal element. This is achieved by embedding the C0 Lagrange interpolants over a cubic Bernstein‐Bezier patch defined over the n‐sided polygonal element. Such an approach ensures the continuity of the derivative field at the inter‐element edges. In addition, Eringen's stress‐gradient nonlocal constitutive equations are used in the present formulation to account for nonlocality. The effect of geometric nonlinearity is taken by considering the von Kármán geometric nonlinearity. Examples are presented to show the effect of nonlocality, geometric nonlinearity, and the lamination scheme on the bending behavior of laminated composite plates. The results are compared with analytical solutions, conventional FEM results, and with those available in the literature. Shear locking is addressed considering reduced integration and consistent interpolation techniques. The patch test is used to check the convergence of the element developed.
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas with PRDM10 fusions have a distinct gene expression profile
Authors: Hofvander Jakob , Puls Florian , Pillay Nischalan , Steele Christopher D , Flanagan Adrienne M , Magnusson Linda , Nilsson Jenny , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUndifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a highly aggressive soft tissue tumor. A subset of UPS is characterized by a CITED2–PRDM10 or a MED12–PRDM10 gene fusion. Preliminary data suggest that these so‐called PRDM10‐rearranged tumors (PRT) are clinically more indolent than classical high‐grade UPS, and hence important to recognize. Here, we assessed the spectrum of accompanying mutations and the gene expression profile in PRT using genomic arrays and sequencing of the genome (WGS) and transcriptome (RNA‐seq). The fusion protein's function was further investigated by conditional expression of the CITED2–PRDM10 fusion in a fibroblast cell line, followed by RNA‐seq and an assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin (ATAC‐seq). The CADM3 gene was found to be differentially up‐regulated in PRT and cell lines and was also evaluated for expression at the protein level using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The genomic analyses identified few and nonrecurrent mutations in addition to the structural variants giving rise to the gene fusions, strongly indicating that the PRDM10‐fusions represent the critical driver mutations. RNA‐seq of tumors showed a distinct gene expression profile, separating PRT from high‐grade UPS and other soft tissue tumors. CADM3 was among the genes that was consistently and highly expressed in both PRT and fibroblasts expressing CITED2‐PRDM10, suggesting that it is a direct target of the PRDM10 transcription factor. This conclusion is in line with sequencing data from ATAC‐seq, showing enrichment of PRDM10 binding sites, suggesting that the amino‐terminal fusion partner contributes by making the DNA more accessible to PRDM10 binding. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promoting the effect of zinc‐rich epoxy via poly(aniline‐co‐anisidine)/iron waste composite on corrosion protection of steel
Authors: Diab Walaa W. , Morsi Samir M. M. , Khorshed Lobna A. , Emira Hassan S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to evaluate the performance of a poly(aniline‐co‐anisidine)/iron waste composite (COIW) as an anticorrosive pigment for primer coatings. A procedure was outlined to prepare COIW and evaluate its anticorrosive properties following the electrochemical behavior and corrosion test of the coated steel. Various zinc‐rich epoxy primers were formulated by replacing part of the zinc powder (ZP) pigment with COIW. In all formulas, the ratio of pigment to epoxy resin was fixed at 2. In the pigment mix, the percentage of COIW was ranged from 5% to 60% by weight to the ZP. The performance of the formulated primers was estimated by the salt immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization measurement (corrosion potential, polarization resistance, and corrosion rate essays). It was demonstrated that COIW is effective in protecting steel from corrosion when it is used in combination with ZP.
Structure and properties of a compatible wood‐plastic composite prepared by using poly(butylene succinate)‐based polyurethane prepolymer
Authors: Weng Fangqing , Liu Xuemei , Koranteng Ernest , Ma Nian , Wu Zhengshun , Wu Qiangxian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWood‐plastic composites (WPCs) are sustainable green material with extensive application prospects in both industry and daily life. So a more convenient, environmentally friendly and effective method is crucial. In this work, WPC was composed by 60 wt% poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) matrix, 10 wt% compatibilizer, and 30 wt% wood flour (WF) through extruder and injection machine. The effects of PBS diol‐based polyurethane prepolymer (PBSPUP) compatibilizer on the structure and properties of WPCs were investigated. Compared with the WF30P70 sample, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of WF30PU10P60 sample had an increase of 52.1% and 125.0%, respectively. And the equilibrium water absorption of WF30PU10P60 was reduced from 4.79% (WF30P70) to 3.57%, the flow properties of WF30PU10P60 were also improved at the same time. Apparently, the composites containing the poly(butylene succinate) diol‐based polyurethane prepolymer (PBSPUP) compatibilizer exhibited improved mechanical properties and thermal performance as shown by the results of scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, water absorption, rheological property analyses, and so on. Toward this end, the special PBSPUP interface structure played an important role in improving the properties of the WPC.
Physico‐mechanical, thermal, and ultraviolet light barrier properties of collagen hydrolysate films from leather solid wastes incorporated with nano TiO2
Authors: Erciyes Ayse , Ocak Bugra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present research, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by using sol‐gel technique, and the phase structure and morphology of obtained TiO2NPs were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The XRD patterns of the TiO2NPs indicated the formation of anatase phase. A new nanocomposite film has been developed by solvent casting method from collagen hydrolysate (CH) and TiO2NPs at different concentrations for use in packaging industry. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the intermolecular reactions between CH and TiO2NPs in the films. SEM micrographs revealed a clear dispersion of TiO2NPs on the surface of the films especially at low concentrations. Thermal analyses showed that after incorporation of TiO2NPs in polymer matrix, heat susceptibility of films were changed and weight loss of films was decreased. The results revealed that incorporation of TiO2NPs significantly decremented water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility, and elongation at break (EAB) of the films, whereas tensile strength (TS) significantly incremented. The findings pointed out that TiO2NPs can be successfully incorporate to the CH films and the reutilization of CH in nanocomposite films will be a promising alternative material in non‐food packaging industry.
Surface‐initiated PET‐RAFT polymerization under metal‐free and ambient conditions using enzyme degassing
Authors: Seo Soyoung E. , Discekici Emre H. , Zhang Yuanyi , Bates Christopher M. , Hawker Craig J. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAn open‐to‐air method for the efficient synthesis of surface‐tethered polymer brushes based on photoinduced electron transfer‐reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization is reported. Key to this approach is an enzyme‐assisted strategy using glucose oxidase to facilitate the in situ removal of oxygen during the polymerization process. Control experiments in the absence of glucose oxidase confirm the importance of enzymatic deoxygenation for successful polymerization of a variety of acrylamide, methacrylate, and acrylate monomers. In accordance with controlled polymerization kinetics, a linear increase in brush height as a function of irradiation time for a range of light intensities is demonstrated. Importantly, the use of light to mediate growth and the inherent monomer versatility of PET‐RAFT allow for the facile fabrication of well‐defined polymer brushes under aqueous conditions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 70–76
A peptide from Testudo horsfieldii tortoise spleen as a potential helper for reducing acute radiation syndrome
Authors: Turdiev Azim , Filiutovich Oksana , Mirkin Fiana , Byk Gerardo 
Published: July 2019

The Middle Asian tortoise Testudo horsfieldii is one of the most radioresistant animals, with Lethal Dose (LD) 50/30 around 500 Gy. Extracts were prepared from different organs of the tortoise, and their biological activity was evaluated. Crude extract from the spleen was found to significantly increase survival of mice treated with lethal doses of radiation. In an iterative process, the active extract was purified by chromatography, and the fractions were screened for biological activity. Various vital parameters were monitored: peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen colonies, mitosis in the bone marrow, and survival after 30 days. The process concluded with the isolation, characterization, and synthesis of the tetrapeptide FTGN, which accelerated repopulation of the irradiated bone marrow at very low concentrations both in vivo and ex vivo.A fluorescently labeled derivative of the peptide was found to selectively associate to CD34+ stem cells, suggesting that the peptide mediates their proliferation and allows fast repopulation of hematopoietic lineages. Interestingly, the peptide protected animals from alopecia. The studies in experimental animals suggest that treatment with FTGN can potentially benefit patients who suffer bone marrow damage due to radiotherapy or chemotherapy and patients undergoing autologous or allogenic bone marrow transplantation.
Fisher information and uncertainty relations for potential family
Authors: Onate Clement A. , Onyeaju Michael C. , Ikot Akpan N. , Ebomwonyi Osarodion , Idiodi John O. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn approximate bound state solution of the three‐dimensional Schrödinger equation for potential family was obtained together with the corresponding wave function, after which the Fisher information for a potential family was explicitly obtained via the methodology of expectation value and radial expectation value. Some uncertainty relations that are closely related to Heisenberg‐like uncertainty were obtained and numerical results were generated to justify the relations and inequalities. Finally, we have numerically studied the Fisher information for two special cases from the result of the potential family that has applications to prototype systems. It was deduced that the Fisher information of the potential family and that of the two special cases exhibit similar features.
Ab initio and density functional theory study of the electronic structure of rhenium complexes with noninnocent dioxolene ligands: Localized vs delocalized valence states
Authors: Dmitriev Alexey A. , Gritsan Nina P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe dioxolene type ligands (Diox) derived from ortho‐quinones are the most widely studied redox noninnocent ligands existing in the dianionic (Cat), anion radical (SQ) or neutral (Q) forms although a highly delocalized electronic structure is also possible. For [ReO(Diox)2PPh3]− (2) and [ReCl3(Diox)PPh3] (3) complexes, the ReV‐Cat2 and ReIV‐SQ localized valence states were proposed on the basis of their XRD structures. To understand in detail the electronic structure of these complexes, we performed a series of the all‐electron calculations at the DKH2‐CASSCF/CASPT2 and DKH2‐CASSCF/NEVPT2 levels taking into account scalar relativistic and spin‐orbit effects. All calculations predicted that 2 has a singlet ground state with a predominant contribution of a single electronic configuration with doubly occupied molecular orbitals being pure o‐quinone LUMOs of both Diox ligands that corresponds to the ReV‐Cat2 valence state. Complex 3 has a triplet ground state with four electronic configurations contributing mainly into its wavefunction and differing by the occupation of bonding and antibonding combinations of the o‐quinone LUMO and rhenium d‐AO with nearly equal contributions. This leads to the empirical “metrical oxidation state” of dioxolene ligand being −1 that is usually referred to the ReIV‐SQ oxidation state. However, in fact, the negative charge on the Diox ligand is mainly provided by a pair of electrons on the bonding MO. The standard DFT calculations entirely fail to correctly predict the ground state multiplicity for 3.