bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus Vaccines and Health Care Utilization for Diarrhea in US Children, 2001 to 2015
Authors: Getachew Halle B. , Dahl Rebecca M. , Lopman Benjamin A. , Parashar Umesh D. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Rotavirus vaccination was introduced in the United States in 2006. Our objectives were to examine reductions in diarrhea-associated health care utilization after rotavirus vaccine implementation and to assess direct vaccine effectiveness (VE) in US children.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study using claims data of US children under 5 years of age. We compared rates of diarrhea-associated health care utilization in prevaccine versus postvaccine introduction years. We also examined VE and duration of protection.

Results:
Compared with the average rate of rotavirus-coded hospitalizations in the prevaccine years, overall vaccine rates were reduced by 75% in 2007 to 2008, 60% in 2008 to 2009, 94% in 2009 to 2010, 80% in 2010 to 2011, 97% in 2011 to 2012, 88% in 2012 to 2013, 98% in 2013 to 2014 and 92% in 2014 to 2015. RotaTeq-adjusted VE was 88% against rotavirus-coded hospitalization among 3–11 months of age, 88% in 12–23 months of age, 87% in 24–35 months of age, 87% in 36–47 months of age and 87% in 48–59 months of age. Rotarix-adjusted VE was 87% against rotavirus-coded hospitalization among 3–11 months of age, 86% in 12–23 months of age and 86% in 24–35 months of age.

Conclusion:
Implementation of rotavirus vaccines has substantially reduced diarrhea-associated health care utilization in US children under 5 years of age. Both vaccines provided good and enduring protection through the fourth year of life against rotavirus hospitalizations.
Preserved Cochlear CISS Signal is a Predictor for Hearing Preservation in Patients Treated for Vestibular Schwannoma With Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Prabhu Vinay , Kondziolka Douglas , Hill Travis C. , Benjamin Carolina G. , Shinseki Matthew S. , Golfinos John G. , Roland J. Thomas , Fatterpekar Girish M. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Hearing preservation is a goal for many patients with vestibular schwannoma. We examined pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and posttreatment hearing outcome after stereotactic radiosurgery.

Methods:
From 2004 to 2014, a cohort of 125 consecutive patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) treated via stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) were retrospectively reviewed. MRIs containing three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state or equivalent within 1 year before treatment were classified by two radiologists for pretreatment characteristics. “Good” hearing was defined as American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery class A. Poor hearing outcome was defined as loss of good pretreatment hearing after stereotactic radiosurgery.

Results:
Sixty-one patients met criteria for inclusion. Most had tumors in the distal internal auditory canal (55%), separated from the brainstem (63%), oval shape (64%) without cysts (86%), and median volume of 0.85 ± 0.55 cm3. Pretreatment audiograms were performed a median of 108 ± 173 days before stereotactic radiosurgery; 38% had good pretreatment hearing. Smaller tumor volume (p < 0.005) was the only variable associated with good pretreatment hearing. 49 (80%) patients had posttreatment audiometry, with median follow-up of 197 ± 247 days. Asymmetrically decreased pretreatment cochlear CISS signal on the side of the VS was the only variable associated with poor hearing outcome (p = 0.001). Inter-rater agreement on cochlear three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state preservation was 91%.

Conclusions:
Decreased cochlear CISS signal may indicate a tumor's association with the cochlear neurovascular bundle, influencing endolymph protein concentration and creating an inability to preserve hearing. This important MRI characteristic can influence planning, counseling, and patient selection for vestibular schwannoma treatment.
Feasibility and Effect of Cervical Resistance Training on Head Kinematics in Youth Athletes
Authors: Eckner James T. , Goshtasbi Alireza , Curtis Kayla , Kapshai Aliaksandra , Myyra Erik , Franco Lea M. , Favre Michael , Jacobson Jon A. , Ashton-Miller James A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGreater neck girth and strength may be associated with a lower risk of sport-related concussion due to mitigation of head accelerations by the neck. However, neck strengthening exercise remains unstudied in youth athletes. Therefore, this pilot study assessed the feasibility and effect of targeted neck strengthening exercises in youth athletes. Seventeen participants were allocated to perform 8-wk manual resistance-based neck strengthening (n= 13) or control resistance exercise (n= 4) programs. Before and after the intervention, participants completed laboratory-based assessments of neck size, strength, and head kinematics during standardized test loading in each plane of motion. Descriptive statistics were calculated to compare pre-post changes between the two groups. All participants safely and successfully completed the intervention. Neck girth and strength increased in both groups, with greater increases in the neck strengthening group. Across all planes of motion, overall changes in head linear and angular velocity decreased in both groups, with greater decreases in ΔV in the neck strengthening group and greater decreases in Δω in controls. These results suggest the potential for resistance exercise training to reduce youth athletes' risk for sport-related concussion by increasing neck girth and strength. Additional research is needed to determine optimal neck strengthening programs.
Repair of Lower Canalicular Laceration Using the Mini-Monoka Stent: Primary and Revisional Repairs
Authors: Kim Taegon , Yeo Chi-Ho , Chung Kyu-Jin , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Yong-Ha 
Published: March 2018

Background:
We present our results of primary repair of lower canalicular injury using the Mini-Monoka stent and report our experience with revisional repair of canalicular blocks to treat epiphora following primary repair

Methods:
We performed primary repair in 169 canalicular laceration patients using Mini-Monoka. The primary repair was defined as the first operation proceeded within 48 hours after injury. Revisional repairs were performed in patients who underwent primary repair of canalicular laceration and subsequently complained of epiphora with canalicular block owing to peripheral scarring. In revisional repair, a Mini-Monoka stent was reinserted to maintain the realigned lacrimal pathway.

Results:
The primary repair achieved functional success in 94.7% of patients. After primary repair, nine patients complained of epiphora. Two of 9 patients underwent CDCR and 5 underwent revisional repair of canalicular blockage. The revisional repair achieved functional success in 4 of 5 patients. After revisional repair, scar contracture and asymmetry of the medial canthus or malposition of the lower lacrimal punctum were corrected. Cosmetically, all 5 patients were satisfied with the results. Functionally, one patient complained persistent epiphora and was treated with CDCR.

Conclusions:
We were able to experience simple, safe, and successful primary repair of lower canalicular injuries using the Mini-Monoka stent. If epiphora owing to canalicular block after primary repair and asymmetry of the medial canthus owing to scar contracture or malposition of lacrimal punctum are present, scar release and realignment of the canaliculus with Mini-Monoka insertion at the time of revisional repair are recommended.
A Practical Recommendation for Teaching Neck Anatomy During Neck Dissection in the Operating Room
Authors: Çelik Mehmet , Çomoğlu Şenol , Yağci Ibrahim , Aydemir Levent , Altun Demet , Kiyak Erkan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Anatomy knowledge is not only essential for surgeons but also has importance for anyone who performs an invasive procedure on a patient, and provides examination and diagnosis of patients and sharing of these findings to the patient and other medical professionals. It is accepted that most surgical procedures could facilitate anatomic perception in surgical internships. There is an educational tendency to explore innovative instructional tools and methods that can help support current education styles. This study investigates the effect of a green laser pointer on students’ perceptions and educational effectiveness when neck dissection is performed in the operating room.
Improving Postoperative Nasal Airway Patency in Le Fort-Based, Maxillofacial Trauma Patients Via a Modified Nasal Packing Technique
Authors: Wolff Amir , Santiago Gabriel F. , Belzberg Micah , Emodi Omri , Gordon Chad R. 
Published: March 2018

Introduction:
Combined mid-face and nasal apparatus trauma injuries pose a significant challenge to airway patency (AW), in the immediate postoperative setting following fracture reduction. As such, the authors describe a modified technique with the goal of maintaining a patent nasal AW, while at the same time, minimizing nasopharyngeal bleeding and nasal AW edema—which can complicate patients requiring intermaxillary fixation (IMF) in the setting of pan-facial trauma.

Methods:
A modified technique was devised to assist the reconstruction surgeon in avoiding the risks associated with tracheostomy placement. In an effort to avoid surgical AW complications and improve nasal AW patency in the setting of concurrent IMF and nasal trauma, the authors developed a 2-stage technique drawing upon knowledge from the literature and the authors’ own experiences.

Technique:
Following safe extubation, the authors insert open lumen nasal splints in both the nostrils, and suture them together to the nasal septum. If additional inner nasal support is required, polyvinyl alcohol nonabsorbable nasal packing dressing is covered with antibiotic ointment, and then placed within the nasal cavity lateral to the open lumen splints—as a way to further bolster the internal valve and mid-vault anatomy.

Discussion:
Given the fact that traditional nasal packing with merocele/gauze dressing in concomitant to IMF reduced patients ability to ventilate, the authors felt that a modified technique should be applied. The authors’ preferred materials in such patients are open lumen splint, which provides nasal AW patency along with some septum support accompanied by merocele dressing. The authors feel that by applying this technique they achieve dual objectives by supporting the traumatized nose and maintaining nasal AW patency.
Anterior Maxillary Segmental Distraction Osteogenesis for Treatment of Maxillary Hypoplasia in Patients With Repaired Cleft Palate
Authors: Lin Xi , Zhou Nuo , Huang Xuanping , Song Shaohua , Li Hongyi 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
This study is to present experiences of using anterior maxillary segmental distraction osteogenesis (AMSDO) with internal distractors for treatment of maxillary hypoplasia in patients with repaired cleft palate.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 42 patients of maxillary hypoplasia with repaired cleft palate were included in this study, and underwent AMSDO. Cephalometric analysis and speech quality assessments were performed to evaluate the changes after AMSDO and its long-term effect on stability.

Results:
All cases had successfully accomplished AMSDO. The average SNA (°), NA-FH (°), ANS-PNS (millimeter), and Overjet (millimeter) have change to 80.41°, 89.51°, 55.64 mm, and 2.52 mm, respectively (P < 0.01). Maxillary advancement has reached 13.80 mm on average (ranging from 10.0 mm to 20.0 mm). Speech quality assessment demonstrated that nasal resonance, speech articulation, nasal emission, intelligibility, and velopharyngeal function did not get worse after AMSDO.

Conclusions:
AMSDO has unique advantages as follows: can effectively correct maxillary hypoplasia in patients with repaired cleft palate; can create a space for postoperative orthodontic treatment to solve the crowding teeth situation; the postoperative velopharyngeal function and speech quality show no significant change. The results shown AMSDO is an effective and appropriate treanment for curing maxillary hypoplasia in patients with repaired cleft palate.
Creation of Experimental Human Nose Model With Lyophilized and Decellularized Bovine Cartilage Xenograft
Authors: Demir Can Ilker , Yaşar Emrah Kağan , Davun Kivanç , Gök Aykut , Uzun Ceyhun , Alagöz Murat Şahin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The nose anatomy is a functional and aesthetically important organ because of its three-dimensional structure, visible location in the face region, and its connection with the respiratory tract. Aesthetic and reconstructive nasal surgery requires correction of deformations in cartilage and bone structures as well as preservation of the natural connections between all subunits. The minimal mistake made can result in functional or aesthetically bad results. In this study, the authors aimed to create an experimental nose model that help aesthetic and reconstructive nose surgery operations.
Risk Factors for Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in Critically Ill Burns Patients—A Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Soussi Sabri , Taccori Marina , De Tymowski Christian , Depret François , Chaussard Maïté , Fratani Alexandre , Jully Marion , Cupaciu Alexandru , Ferry Axelle , Benyamina Mourad , Serror Kevin , Boccara David , Chaouat Marc , Mimoun Maurice , Cattan Pierre , Zagdanski Anne-Marie , Anstey James , Mebazaa Alexandre , Legrand Matthieu 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Burn-induced shock can lead to tissue hypoperfusion, including the gut. We performed this study to describe burn patients at risk of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) with the aim to identify potential modifiable risk factors.

Methods:
Retrospective case–control study including adult severely burned patients between August 2012 and March 2017. Patients who developed AMI were matched to severely burned patients without AMI at a ratio of 1:3 (same year of admission, Abbreviated Burn Severity Index [ABSI], and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II [SAPSII]). Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed.

Results:
Of 282 severely burned patients, 15 (5%) were diagnosed with AMI. In the AMI group, patients had a median (interquartile range) total body surface area (TBSA), SAPSII, and ABSI of 55 (25–63)%, 53 (39–70), and 11 (8–13), respectively. The AMI mechanism in all patients was nonocclusive. Decreased cardiac index within the first 24 h (H24 CI), higher sequential organ failure assessment score on day 1 (D1 SOFA), and hydroxocobalamin use were associated with AMI. Odds ratios were 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.94), 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2–2.1), and 4.6 (95% CI, 1.3–15.9), respectively, after matching. Multiple regression analysis showed that only decreased H24 CI and higher D1 SOFA were independently associated with AMI. Ninety-day mortality was higher in the AMI group (93% vs. 46% [P = 0.001]).

Conclusions:
Burns patients with initial low cardiac output and early multiple organ dysfunction are at high risk of nonocclusive AMI.
Implicit Behavioral Change in Response to Cognitive Tasks in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Bomilcar Iris , Morris Robin G. , Brown Richard G. , Mograbi Daniel C. 
Published: March 2018

Background and Objective:
Lack of awareness about impairments is commonly found in Alzheimer disease (AD), but recent evidence suggests that patients may respond to the experience of illness despite limited awareness. In this study, we explored whether implicit emotional responses to experiences of failure in cognitive tasks would result in longer-term change in behavior.

Methods:
Twenty-two patients with AD were seen 1 week after a previous session in which they performed computer tasks that had been manipulated to be either too difficult (failure condition) or very easy (success condition) for them. At the second session, both types of tasks were set to have medium difficulty and were administered so that the participants decided how long to persist on each task. Task persistence was determined by relative time spent doing the tasks, considering that participants would be more likely to stop performing tasks in which they had experienced failure during the first session.

Results:
Task persistence in the second session was not affected by performance in the first session. However, when participants’ awareness of performance in the first session was taken into account, differences were found in persistence between tasks in the second session. During the second session, participants stopped performing tasks after a sequence of errors. There were no self-reported changes in motivation or enjoyment in response to task failure.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that implicit learning of task valence may be compromised in AD, but that initial moments of awareness of performance may influence long-term adaptation in unaware patients.
Evaluation and mechanism of ammonia nitrogen removal using sediments from a malodorous river
Authors: Chen Xing , Jiang Xia , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2018

Malodorous rivers are among the major environmental problems of cities in developing countries. In addition to the unpleasant smell, the sediments of such rivers can act as a sink for pollutants. The excessive amount of ammonia nitrogen (NH
3
−N) in rivers is the main factor that causes the malodour. Therefore, a suitable method is necessary for sediment disposition and NH
3
−N removal in malodorous rivers. The sediment in a malodorous river (PS) in Beijing, China was selected and modified via calcination (PS-D), Na
+
doping (PS-Na) and calcination–Na
+
doping (PS-DNa). The NH
3
−N removal efficiency using the four sediment materials was evaluated, and results indicated that the NH
3
−N removal efficiency using the modified sediment materials could reach over 60%. PS-DNa achieved the highest NH
3
−N removal efficiency (90.04%). The kinetics study showed that the pseudo-second-order model could effectively describe the sorption kinetics and that the exterior activated site had the main function of P sorption. The results of the sorption isotherms indicated that the maximum sorption capacities of PS-Na, PS-D and PS-DNa were 0.343, 0.831 and 1.113 mg g
−1
, respectively, and a high temperature was favourable to sorption. The calculated thermodynamic parameters suggested that sorption was a feasible or spontaneous (Δ
G
< 0), entropy-driven (Δ
S
> 0), and endothermic (Δ
H
> 0) reaction.
A direct glia-to-neuron natural transdifferentiation ensures nimble sensory-motor coordination of male mating behaviour
Authors: Molina-García Laura , Cook Steven J. , Kim Byunghyuk , Bonnington Rachel , Sammut Michele , O’Shea Jack , Elliott David J. , Hall David H. , Emmons Scott W. , Barrios Arantza , Poole Richard J. 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYThe coordinated execution of innate, stereotyped sexual behaviours, such as courtship and mating, requires sexually dimorphic sensory-motor circuits that are genetically specified during development (reviewed in [1-3]). Studies in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans, in which the development and function of neural circuits can be interrogated with single cell resolution, have revealed two general developmental mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in the nervous system. The first involves the acquisition of sexually dimorphic features in sex-shared neurons during sexual maturation, which include changes in terminal gene expression, such as odorant receptors, neurotransmitters and synaptic regulators [4-10]. The second mechanism involves the generation of sex-specific neurons [11-13]. This requires sex-specific cell death [14]or neurogenesis events resulting from extensive sex differences in the cell division patterns and neurodevelopmental programmes of post-embryonic cell lineages (reviewed in [3]). Here we identify a third, novel way to generate sexual dimorphism in the nervous system. We find that during sexual maturation (L4 stage), a class of sex-shared glial cells acquires sexually dimorphic function by undergoing a direct glia-to-neuron transdifferentiation that results in the production of male-specific neurons. This plasticity is regulated cell-intrinsically by the sex-determination pathway. These previously unnoticed neurons, which we term PHDs, are putative proprioceptors that regulate male locomotion during specific steps of mating. One of these steps is a novel readjustment movement performed when intromission becomes difficult to achieve. Our results reveal sex-specific direct transdifferentiation as a novel mechanism for generating sex-specific neurons and also show the importance of proprioceptive feedback during the complex steps of mating for successful reproduction.
Medial orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus differentially represent the event saliency
Authors: Jafarpour Anna , Griffin Sandon , Lin Jack J. , Knight Robert T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo primary functions attributed to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex network are retaining the temporal and spatial associations of events and detecting deviant events. It is, however, unclear how these two functions converge onto one mechanism. Here, we tested whether increased activity with perceiving salient events is a deviant detection signal or contains information about the event associations by reflecting the magnitude of deviance (i.e., event saliency). We also tested how the deviant detection signal is affected by the degree of anticipation. We studied regional neural activity when people watched a movie that had varying saliency of a novel or an anticipated flow of salient events. Using intracranial electroencephalography from ten patients, we observed that high-frequency activity (50-150 Hz) in the hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dorsolateral PFC), and medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) tracked event saliency. We also observed that medial OFC activity was stronger when the salient events were anticipated than when they were novel. These results suggest that dorsolateral PFC and medial OFC, as well as the hippocampus, signify the saliency magnitude of events, reflecting the hierarchical structure of event associations.
Recovering signals of ghost archaic introgression in African populations
Authors: Durvasula Arun , Sankararaman Sriram 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhile introgression from Neanderthals and Denisovans has been well-documented in modern humans outside Africa, the contribution of archaic hominins to the genetic variation of present-day Africans remains poorly understood. Using 405 whole-genome sequences from four sub-Saharan African populations, we provide complementary lines of evidence for archaic introgression into these populations. Our analyses of site frequency spectra indicate that these populations derive 2-19% of their genetic ancestry from an archaic population that diverged prior to the split of Neanderthals and modern humans. Using a method that can identify segments of archaic ancestry without the need for reference archaic genomes, we built genome-wide maps of archaic ancestry in the Yoruba and the Mende populations that recover about 482 and 502 megabases of archaic sequence, respectively. Analyses of these maps reveal segments of archaic ancestry at high frequency in these populations that represent potential targets of adaptive introgression. Our results reveal the substantial contribution of archaic ancestry in shaping the gene pool of present-day African populations.One sentence summaryMultiple present-day African populations inherited genes from an unknown archaic population that diverged before modern humans and Neanderthals split.