bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of 2‐year outcomes in GRIT and TRUFFLE trials
Authors: Ganzevoort W. , Thornton J. G. , Marlow N. , Thilaganathan B. , Arabin B. , Prefumo F. , Lees C. , Wolf H. ,   for the GRIT Study Group,   the TRUFFLE Study Group
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the effect on perinatal outcome of different fetal monitoring strategies for early‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR).MethodsThis was a cohort analysis of individual participant data from two European multicenter trials of fetal monitoring methods for FGR: the Growth Restriction Intervention Study (GRIT) and the Trial of Umbilical and Fetal Flow in Europe (TRUFFLE).
All women from GRIT (n = 238) and TRUFFLE (n = 503) who were randomized between 26 and 32 weeks' gestation were included. The women were grouped according to intervention and monitoring method: immediate delivery (GRIT) or delayed delivery with monitoring by conventional cardiotocography (CTG) (GRIT), computerized CTG (cCTG) only (GRIT and TRUFFLE) or cCTG and ductus venosus (DV) Doppler (TRUFFLE). The primary outcome was survival without neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years of age.ResultsGestational age at delivery and birth weight were similar in both studies. Fetal death rate was similar between the GRIT and TRUFFLE groups, but neonatal and late death were more frequent in GRIT (18% vs 6%; P < 0.01). The rate of survival without impairment at 2 years was lowest in pregnancies that underwent immediate delivery (70% (95% CI, 61–78%)) or delayed delivery with monitoring by CTG (69% (95% CI, 57–82%)), increased in those monitored using cCTG only in both GRIT (80% (95% CI, 68–91%)) and TRUFFLE (77% (95% CI, 70–84%)), and was highest in pregnancies monitored using cCTG and DV Doppler (84% (95% CI, 80–89%)) (P < 0.01 for trend).ConclusionsThis analysis supports the hypothesis that the optimal method for fetal monitoring in pregnancies complicated by early‐onset FGR is a combination of cCTG and DV Doppler assessment.Trial Registration: GRIT ISRCTN41358726 and TRUFFLE ISRCTN56204499. © 2019 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Obliterating Thingness: An Introduction to the “What” and the “So What” of Quantum Physics
Authors: Schaffer Kathryn , Barreto Lemos Gabriela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis essay provides a short introduction to the ideas and potential implications of quantum physics for scholars in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Quantum-inspired ideas pepper current discourse in all of these fields, in ways that range from playful metaphors to sweeping ontological claims. We explain several of the most important concepts at the core of quantum theory, carefully delineating the scope and bounds of currently established science, in order to aid the evaluation of such claims. In particular, we emphasize that the smallest units of matter and light, as described in quantum physics, are notthings, meaning that they do not obey the logic we take for granted when discussing the behavior of macroscopic objects. We also highlight the substantial debate that exists within physics about the interpretation of the equations and empirical results at the core of quantum physics, noting that implicit (and contested) philosophical commitments necessarily accompany any discussion of quantum ideas that takes place in non-technical language.
Thromboinflammation as bioactivity assessment of H2O2-alkali modified titanium surfaces
Authors: Hulsart-Billström Gry , Janson Oscar , Engqvist Håkan , Welch Ken , Hong Jaan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The release of growth factors from platelets, mediated by the coagulation and the complement system, plays an important role in the bone formation around implants. This study aimed at exploring the thromboinflammatory response of H2O2-alkali soaked commercially pure titanium grade 2 discs exposed to whole human blood, as a way to assess the bioactivity of the discs. Commercially pure titanium grade 2 discs were modified by soaking in H2O2, NaOH and Ca(OH)2. The platelet aggregation, coagulation activation and complement activation was assessed by exposing the discs to fresh whole blood from human donors. The platelet aggregation was examined by a cell counter and the coagulation and complement activation were assessed by ELISA-measurements of the concentration of thrombin-antithrombin complex, C3a and terminal complement complex. The modified surface showed a statistically significant increased platelet aggregation, coagulation activation and complement activation compared to unexposed blood. The surface also showed a statistically significant increase of coagulation activation compared to PVC. The results of this study showed that the H2O2-alkali soaked surfaces induced a thromboinflammatory response that indicates that the surfaces are bioactive.
Predicting Soybean Yield with NDVI Using a Flexible Fourier Transform Model
Authors: Xu Chang , Katchova Ani L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe use models incorporating the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from remote sensing satellites to improve soybean yield predictions in 10 major producing states in the United States. Unlike traditional methods that assume an ordinary least squares model applies to all observations, we allow for global flexibility in the relationship between NDVI and soybean yield by using the flexible Fourier transform (FFT) model. FFT results confirm that there is a nonlinear response of soybean yield to NDVI over the growing season. Out-of-sample predictions indicate that allowing for global flexibility with the FFT improves the predictions in time-series prediction and forecasting.
The Impact of Funding Models on the Education of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Sharma Umesh , Furlonger Brett , Forlin Chris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrently, there is no consensus as how best to fund inclusive education for students with autism spectrum disorder. In this narrative review, we examined a range of funding models internationally in an attempt to identify the range of best practices for resourcing inclusive education. Three databases were searched along with various policy documents to identify the range of existing funding models. Three models of input, throughput, and output funding were identified from which 7 key considerations were extrapolated to provide what was expected to be relevant information to policymakers, researchers, and educators seeking to discover effective ways to fund inclusive education for students with autism spectrum disorder.
Radiocarbon AMS Dating of Mesolithic Human Remains from Poland
Authors: Piotrowska Natalia , Tomczyk Jacek , Pawełczyk Sławomira , Stanaszek Łukasz M 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBiological studies on Mesolithic human remains from the Polish region are a rare subject of scientific research due to the limited number of these relics and their poor state of preservation. From the project titled “Old material with new methods: Using the latest bio-chemical analysis in studies of Mesolithic human remains from the Polish areas,” the radiocarbon (14C) dating of bones using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has been performed. For these experiments, the gelatin was extracted from bones, and its quality evaluated by the C/Nat ratio and the stable isotope composition of both carbon and nitrogen. The 14C results have been obtained for 11 bone samples from 5 sites, and throughout this work the results of two preparation methods are compared. The simple gelatin extraction provided material with unsatisfactory collagen quality indicators, while additional alkali treatment allowed us to obtain much more reliable, and generally older, results. Additionally, analysis on VIRI/SIRI samples were conducted to test the developed method. Only seven of the investigated bone samples yielded ages within Mesolithic period, and the most reliable dates range from 5800 to 6800 cal BC. One sample was not datable, and two were shown to be much younger than expected.
Saccharomyces boulardii inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes in the colonic mucosa of rats experimentally-infected with Blastocystis subtype-3 cysts
Authors: Méabed Eman M. H. , Abdelhafez Dalia N. , Abdelaliem Yasser F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBlastocystis spp. is the most frequent infectious unicellular, luminal parasite in all species of animals and humans. It has been linked to diarrhoea and irritable bowel syndrome. Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a widely used probiotic that previously showed efficacy against several intestinal pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic role of Sb on Blastocystis spp. Methods: Five groups of Blastocystis subtype-3 infected rats were treated with either live Sb alone, metronidazole (MTZ) alone, Sb extract, both Sb and MTZ, or placebo-treated besides the noninfected control group. Assessment of treatment effectiveness was done by study of parasitological cure rate, histopathological effect and analysis of the colonic mucosal level of mRNAs expressions for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Results showed that live Sb significantly improved the histological characteristics and decreased the cytokines and iNOS in the colonic mucosa. Co-administration of live Sb together with MTZ gave a better effect than other treatments and had early efficacy and revealed a 100% reduction of the parasite stages from both the stool and intestinal wash fluid.
Methods of Teaching Word Identification to Backward Third Grade Students
Authors: Cole Peter , Connolly Jeanette 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn an attempt to improve the word identification of backward readers, three methods of instruction and three different forms of orthography were compared. There were no differences among read and say, read and spell, and read, trace and spell methods. There were also no differences among treatments that compared a coloured orthography, syllabified words and traditional orthography. However, in a second experiment, it was found that a mastery learning method was superior to a traditional method of instruction, though the validity of the mastery learning procedures was questioned in this context.
Surgery on a dilated aorta associated with a connective tissue disease or inflammatory vasculitis in children and adolescents
Authors: Kwak Jae Gun , Kim Woong-Han , Kim Eung Re , Kang Yoon Jin , Min Jooncheol , Lim Jae Hong , Kim Yong Jin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroduction:This research investigated patients who underwent surgery for a dilated aorta associated with a connective tissue disease or inflammatory vasculitis in children and adolescents.Materials and Methods:The medical records of 11 patients who underwent aortic surgery for dilatation resulting from a connective tissue disease or inflammatory vasculitis between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.Results:The median age and body weight of the patients were 9.6 years (range 5.4 months–15.5 years) and 25.8 kg (range 6.8–81.5), respectively. The associated diseases were Marfan syndrome (n = 3), Loeys-Dietz syndrome (n = 3), Kawasaki disease (n = 1), Takayasu arteritis (n = 1), PHACE syndrome (n = 1), tuberous sclerosis (n = 1), and unknown (n = 1). The most common initially affected area was the ascending aorta. During the 66.4 ± 35.9 months of follow-up, two Marfan syndrome patients died, and four patients (one Marfan syndrome and three Loeys-Dietz syndrome) had repeated aortic operation. Except for one patient, the functional class was well maintained in all patients who were followed up.Conclusion:Cases of surgical treatment for a dilated aorta associated with a connective tissue disease and inflammatory vasculitis are rare in children and adolescents at our institution. Most of the patients in this study showed a tolerable postoperative course. However, the aorta showed progressive dilation over time even after surgical treatment, especially in patients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome. In these patients, close and more frequent regular follow-up is required.
Neuropsychological Test Norms in Cognitively Intact Oldest-Old
Authors: Melikyan Zarui A. , Corrada Maria M. , Dick Malcolm B. , Whittle Christina , Paganini-Hill Annlia , Kawas Claudia H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectives: Individuals aged 90 or older (oldest-old), the fastest growing segment of the population, are at increased risk of developing cognitive impairment compared with younger old. Neuropsychological evaluation of the oldest-old is important yet challenging in part because of the scarcity of test norms for this group. We provide neuropsychological test norms for cognitively intact oldest-old. Methods: Test norms were derived from 403 cognitively intact participants of The 90+ Study, an ongoing study of aging and dementia in the oldest-old. Cognitive status of intact oldest-old was determined at baseline using cross-sectional approach. Individuals with cognitive impairment no dementia or dementia (according to DSM-IV criteria) were excluded. Participants ranged in age from 90 to 102 years (mean=94). The neuropsychological battery included 11 tests (Mini-Mental Status Examination, Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, Boston Naming Test – Short Form, Letter Fluency Test, Animal Fluency Test, California Verbal Learning Test-II Short Form, Trail Making Tests A/B/C, Digit Span Forward and Backwards Test, Clock Drawing Test, CERAD Construction Subtests), and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Data show significantly lower scores with increasing age on most tests. Education level, sex, and symptoms of depression were associated with performance on several tests after accounting for age. Conclusions: Provided test norms will help to distinguish cognitively intact oldest-old from those with cognitive impairment. (JINS, 2019, 25, 530–545)
Increased Cognitive Load Reveals Unilateral Neglect and Altitudinal Extinction in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Andres Michael , Geers Laurie , Marnette Sophie , Coyette Françoise , Bonato Mario , Priftis Konstantinos , Masson Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective: Neuropsychological studies suggest that the ability to compensate for the presence of spatial neglect highly depends on the attentional resources a patient can rely on. The present research aimed to study neglect in situations where attentional resources are limited due to multitasking. Method: We examined two patients more than 3 years after a right-hemispheric stroke. Both had received neuropsychological rehabilitation for left neglect and did not show any impairment in standard tests. We used a dual-task paradigm combining a peripheral target detection task with a central shape recognition task. Peripheral targets could appear in left/right positions but also in lower/upper positions. Results: In patient #1, dual-task condition exacerbated left neglect and extinction. Patient #2 did not show any sign of neglect along the horizontal axis, but omitted half of the lower targets when they were presented simultaneously with upper targets under dual-task condition. This behavior reflects altitudinal extinction as the detection of single targets appearing either in upper or lower position was preserved. Conclusion: The present findings show that dual-tasking is a sensitive tool for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of spatial attention deficits, which are often overlooked by standard methods, especially in chronic stage. (JINS, 2019, 25, 644–653)
Following in the footsteps of tobacco and alcohol? Stakeholder discourse in UK newspaper coverage of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy
Authors: Hilton Shona , Buckton Christina H , Patterson Chris , Katikireddi S Vittal , Lloyd-Williams Ffion , Hyseni Lirije , Elliott-Green Alex , Capewell Simon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:In politically contested health debates, stakeholders on both sides present arguments and evidence to influence public opinion and the political agenda. The present study aimed to examine whether stakeholders in the Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL) debate sought to establish or undermine the acceptability of this policy through the news media and how this compared with similar policy debates in relation to tobacco and alcohol industries.Design:Quantitative and qualitative content analysis of newspaper articles discussing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation published in eleven UK newspapers between 1 April 2015 and 30 November 2016, identified through the Nexis database. Direct stakeholder citations were entered in NVivo to allow inductive thematic analysis and comparison with an established typology of industry stakeholder arguments used by the alcohol and tobacco industries.Setting:UK newspapers.Participants:Proponents and opponents of SSB tax/SDIL cited in UK newspapers.Results:Four hundred and ninety-one newspaper articles cited stakeholders’ (n 287) arguments in relation to SSB taxation (n 1761: 65 % supportive and 35 % opposing). Stakeholders’ positions broadly reflected their vested interests. Inconsistencies arose from: changes in ideological position; insufficient clarity on the nature of the problem to be solved; policy priorities; and consistency with academic rigour. Both opposing and supportive themes were comparable with the alcohol and tobacco industry typology.Conclusions:Public health advocates were particularly prominent in the UK newspaper debate surrounding the SDIL. Advocates in future policy debates might benefit from seeking a similar level of prominence and avoiding inconsistencies by being clearer about the policy objective and mechanisms.
Snacking patterns among Chilean children and adolescents: is there potential for improvement?
Authors: Jensen Melissa L , Corvalán Camila , Reyes Marcela , Popkin Barry M , Taillie Lindsey Smith 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:To examine snacking patterns, food sources and nutrient profiles of snacks in low- and middle-income Chilean children and adolescents.Design:Cross-sectional. Dietary data were collected via 24 h food recalls. We determined the proportion of snackers, snacks per day and energy from top food and beverage groups consumed. We compared the nutrient profile (energy, sodium, total sugars and saturated fat) of snacksv. meals.Setting:South-east region of Chile.Participants:Children and adolescents from two cohorts: the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n958, 4–6 years old) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n752, 12–14 years old).Results:With a mean of 2·30 (se0·03) snacks consumed daily, 95·2 % of children and 89·9 % of adolescents reported at least one snacking event. Snacks contributed on average 1506 kJ/d (360 kcal/d) in snacking children and 2218 kJ/d (530 kcal/d) in snacking adolescents (29·0 and 27·4 % daily energy contribution, respectively). Grain-based desserts, salty snacks, other sweets and desserts, dairy foods and cereal-based foods contributed the most energy from snacks in the overall sample. For meals, cereal-based foods, dairy beverages, meat and meat substitutes, oils and fats, and fruits and vegetables were the top energy contributors.Conclusions:Widespread snacking among Chilean youth provides over a quarter of their daily energy and includes foods generally considered high in energy, saturated fat, sodium and/or total sugars. Future research should explore whether snacking behaviours change as the result of Chile’s national regulations on food marketing, labelling and school environments.
Exercise interventions for patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review of recruitment, attrition, and exercise adherence rates
Authors: Sheill G. , Guinan E. , Brady L. , Hevey D. , Hussey J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposePatients with advanced cancer can experience debilitating physical symptoms, making participation in exercise programs difficult. This systematic review investigated the recruitment, adherence, and attrition rates of patients with advanced cancer participating in exercise interventions and examined components of exercise programs that may affect these rates.MethodsRelevant studies were identified in a systematic search of CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE to December 2017. Two quality assessment tools were used, and levels of evidence were assigned according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) guidelines.ResultsThe search identified 18 studies published between 2004 and 2017. Recruitment, adherence, and attrition rates varied widely among the studies reviewed. The mean recruitment rate was 49% (standard deviation [SD] = 17; range 15–74%). Patient-reported barriers to recruitment included time constraints and difficulties in traveling to exercise centers. Levels of adherence ranged from 44% to 95%; however, the definition of adherence varied substantially among trials. The average attrition rate was 24% (SD = 8; range 10–42%), with progression of disease status reported as the main cause for dropout during exercise interventions.Significance of resultsConcentrated efforts are needed to increase the numbers of patients with advanced disease recruited to exercise programs. Broadening the eligibility criteria for exercise interventions may improve accrual numbers of patients with advanced cancer to exercise trials and ensure patients recruited are representative of clinical practice.
The New Sesquizygotic Twins and More: Exotic Twin Types/Twin Research Reviews: Parental Affection and Co-Twins’ Personality; Prenatal Demise in Twin Pregnancies; Heteropaternal Superfecundation; Selective Feticide in Dichorionic Twins/In the News: Identical Twin Oscar Winner; ‘Superfecundated’ Twins with Gay Fathers; Partly Living Apart; Which Twin Committed the Crime?
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe second recorded case of sesquizygotic (SQZ) twins is summarized. It is suspected that SQZ twins result from the fertilization of an egg by two separate spermatozoa, followed by division of the fertilized ovum. Next, recent studies examining how differences in parental affection affect co-twins’ personality profiles, the prenatal demise of fetuses during twin pregnancy, a forensic case of heteropaternal superfecundation and selective feticide in dichorionic twins are reviewed. Finally, summaries of newsworthy items featuring an identical twin Oscar winner, a case of ‘superfecundated’ twins born to a gay couple, identical twins who try partly living apart and new molecular techniques to distinguish an innocent identical twin from his or her guilty co-twin are presented.