bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the cooling time on the mechanical properties of welded HSS‐joints
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Kästner Thoralf , Hälsig André , Mayr Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Memoriam of Prof. Dr. Bernt JohanssonThe influence of the cooling time t8/5 has been examined as part of the ongoing AiF‐FOSTA P1020 research project for the development of a new design approach for welded joints on high‐strength steels. Four thermomechanically rolled and quenched steel grades were investigated. The temperature‐time course of a MAG welding process was thermo‐physically simulated in a quenching and deformation dilatometer to evaluate the material behaviour. Subsequently, the influence of the cooling time on the mechanical properties of welds was examined using a flat tensile test specimen with a centric hole. The results of the examinations form the scientific basis for a significant improvement of the current execution rules for welded joints between high‐strength steels taking into account mismatching of base material and filler metal.
Structural performance of CHS X‐joints fabricated from high‐strength steel
Authors: Lee Cheol‐Ho , Kim Seon‐Hu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Memoriam of Prof. Dr. Bernt JohanssonRepresentative steel design standards have limited the use of high‐strength steels to tubular joints, partly because of concerns about their unique material characteristics. However, the mechanical background behind the limitations is unclear, and its validity needs to be re‐evaluated. In this study, a set of CHS (circular hollow section) X‐joints fabricated from cold‐formed tubes was tested under static axial compression. Then, as supplemental work, extensive test‐validated numerical analyses were carried out to investigate further the behaviour of high‐strength steel CHS X‐joints. In both the testing and the analyses, where three steel grades covering ordinary to very high‐strength steels were considered, the high‐strength steel joints showed satisfactory structural performance comparable with that of ordinary steel joints in terms of strength and ductility.
Dark matter for b → sμ+μ− anomaly in a gauged U(1)X model
Authors: Baek Seungwon , Yu Chaehyun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We propose a new physics model which has a cold dark matter candidate and can explain the b → sμ
+
μ
− anomaly at the same time. Our model includes a scalar quark

$$ \tilde{q} $$

q
˜

and a scalar lepton

$$ \tilde{\ell} $$

ℓ
˜

which are SU(2)
L
-doublet as well as a Dirac fermion N which is SU(2)
L
-singlet. The new particles are charged under a gauged U(1)
X
group which is spontaneously broken to a discrete Z
2 symmetry by a dark scalar S. The remnant Z
2 symmetry stabilizes the dark matter. Box diagrams with

$$ \tilde{q} $$

q
˜

,

$$ \tilde{\ell} $$

ℓ
˜

, and N running inside the loop can generate the correct Wilson coefficients C
9

μ

= − C
10

μ

to accommodate the b → sμ
+
μ
− anomaly while avoiding constraints such as

$$ {B}_s-{\overline{B}}_s $$

B
s

−

B
¯

s

mixing. The dark matter annihilation into a second generation lepton pair via t-channel

$$ \tilde{\ell} $$

ℓ
˜

-exchanging process plays an important role in producing the current dark matter relic abundance of the universe, showing a strong interplay between the flavor and dark matter physics. We also discuss dark-gauge-interaction-dominated and Higgs-portal-dominated scenarios for dark matter physics.
Pediatric Septic Arthritis and Osteomyelitis in the USA: A National KID Database Analysis
Authors: Safdieh Gabriella , Silberman Jason , Nguyen Joseph , Doyle Shevaun M. , Blanco John S. , Scher David M. , Green Daniel W. , Widmann Roger F. , Dodwell Emily R. 
Published: November 2018

Background Prior reports suggest that osteoarticular infections may be increasing over time. Questions/Purposes We sought to determine if incidence rates, median in-hospital costs, and length of stay (LOS) of osteomyelitis, septic arthritis (SA), and combined infections have changed over time for pediatric patients, and how they compare to previously reported rates. Methods The Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID), a US national sample of pediatric hospital discharge records from 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012, was used to determine yearly estimated counts of infections in children 20 years of age or younger. US census data was used to calculate yearly incidence rates. Trend tests using linear contrast analysis were used to compare estimated median LOS and inflation-adjusted median costs over time for each type of infection. Results From 1997 through 2012, the incidence rate of osteomyelitis increased from 7.9 to 10.5 per 100, 000, SA was unchanged from 5.3 to 5.2 per 100, and combined infections increased from 0.8 to 1.3 per 100, 000. Median LOS from 1997 to 2012 showed no significant change for osteomyelitis (5.0 to 4.9 days), SA (4.4 to 4.1 days), or combined infections (6.5 to 6.8 days). Median in-hospital costs from 1997 to 2012 increased for osteomyelitis ($7735 to $11, 823), SA ($5041 to $10, 574), and combined infections ($12, 691 to $16, 260). Conclusion In pediatric patients, the estimated incidence rate of SA appeared stable, while rates of osteomyelitis and combined infections increased. These estimated rates fall within previously reported ranges. Despite stable LOS, costs have increased over time.
Students as stakeholders in assessment: how students perceive the value of an assessment
Authors: Ricci Michelle , St-Onge Christina , Xiao Jing , Young Meredith 
Published: November 2018

Introduction For assessment to fill an educational role, students must see the results generated by assessment as valuable, and actively engage with this feedback in order to support learning. Few studies include examinees as stakeholders in validation beyond general notions of acceptability. Here, we explore students as stakeholders in the validation of a newly implemented assessment.
Methods A student-relevant validity framework based on the unified theory of validity was created and adapted to a survey format. Likert-style items were used to examine first- and second-year medical students’ perceptions of a new cumulative assessment, with several open-ended items. Analysis included: mean ratings per subscale of validity evidence, thematic analysis of comments, and a correlation between questionnaire subscores and exam performance.
Results Seventy-seven students participated (20.5%). Student perceptions of the assessment were favourable, with significantly different ratings across validity evidence (Response Process (4.8 (SD = 0.7); scored/6), Content (4.6(0.9)), Consequential (4.4(0.8)), Internal Structure (4.2(0.9)), and Relationship to Other Variables (4.0(1.0))). Exam performance correlated with subscores for Relationship to Other Variables (r = 0.34, p < 0.005) and Response Process (r = 0.24, p < 0.05).
Discussion Students perceived the assessment as facilitating learning, providing ‘checkpoints’, and were disappointed when it did not meet their expectations regarding the purpose of assessment. If students perceive that results do not reflect their future performance in clinical environments, or do not align with their perceived purpose of assessment, the educational value of assessment may be limited.
Reflecting on what? The difficulty of noticing formative experiences in the moment
Authors: Holmes Cheryl L. , Hubinette Maria M. , Maclure Malcolm , Miller Harry , Ting Daniel , Costello Greg , Reed Melanie , Regehr Glenn 
Published: November 2018

Introduction In the spirit of enacting an educational model of guided, collective reflection to support positive professional identity construction in healthcare learners, we implemented a reflection-based course for medical students transitioning to clerkship with three goals: to sensitize learners to the hidden curriculum; to provide a safe and confidential forum to discuss their experiences; and to co-construct strategies to deal with the pressures in the clinical environment
Methods We used a design-based research protocol. Twelve students participated in ten sessions starting during their transition to clerkship. Faculty debriefed after each session, adjusting the format of the subsequent sessions. Data included student logs, transcripts of the course sessions, faculty debriefings, and the course evaluation. Data were analyzed via an iterative process of independent coding and discussion.
Results The main adjustments to the course were to eliminate didactic content in favour of using prompts prior to course sessions and de-emphasizing written reflection. Participants felt the course achieved its three goals and students reported enhanced resiliency during transition to clerkship, although, despite prompting, students offered no examples of their joining in with the negative behaviours around them.
Conclusions The course was successful in its key objectives. However, a key aspect of reflection, students noticing their own behaviour in the moment as something that needs to be reflected on, was challenging.
An ICME Framework for Incorporating Bulk Residual Stresses in Rotor Component Design
Authors: Venkatesh Vasisht , Green Ralph , O’Connell Jaime , Cernatescu Iuliana , Goetz Robert , Wong Terry , Streich Brian , Saraf Vikas , Glavicic Mike , Slavik Don , Sampath Rajiv , Sharp Andrew , Song Bill , Bocchini Pete 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntegrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) is an emerging discipline that aims to integrate computational materials science tools into a holistic system that can accelerate materials development, transform the engineering design optimization process, and unify design and manufacturing. A team of aerospace Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and suppliers have executed a critical program to address the United States Air Force (USAF) funded Foundational Engineering Problem (FEP) on residual stress within nickel-base superalloy components. This program was aimed at establishing methods to link predictive tools to component design functions and product realization activities with industry-wide standardized protocols. The multi-disciplinary approach links supplier and OEM materials and process models with structural analysis tools to enable manufacturing parameter selection based on disk design criteria. By linking analytical tools between the supplier and OEM, process parameters may be optimized for reduced scrap, while optimizing disk designs for design requirements. A significant challenge to doing this is qualifying and integrating sources of variation in the materials and process models with design and structural analysis tools. This paper reviews ICME infrastructure tools and methods that were used to demonstrate and validate linked residual stress-based materials and manufacturing model capabilities with design activities to achieve an optimized final component. This work was funded by the United States Air Force through the Metals Affordability Initiative (MAI).
Normative data from linear and nonlinear quantile regression in CANTAB: Cognition in mid‐to‐late life in an epidemiological sample
Authors: Abbott Rosemary A. , Skirrow Caroline , Jokisch Martha , Timmers Maarten , Streffer Johannes , van Nueten Luc , Krams Michael , Winkler Angela , Pundt Noreen , Nathan Pradeep J. , Rock Philippa , Cormack Francesca K. , Weimar Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionNormative cognitive data can help to distinguish pathological decline from normal aging. This study presents normative data from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, using linear regression and nonlinear quantile regression approaches.MethodsHeinz Nixdorf Recall study participants completed Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery tests: paired‐associate learning, spatial working memory, and reaction time. Data were available for 1349‐1529 healthy adults aged 57‐84 years. Linear and nonlinear quantile regression analyses examined age‐related changes, adjusting for sex and education. Quantile regression differentiated seven performance bands (percentiles: 97.7, 93.3, 84.1, 50, 15.9, 6.7, and 2.3).ResultsNormative data show age‐related cognitive decline across all tests, but with quantile regression revealing heterogeneous trajectories of cognitive aging, particularly for the test of episodic memory function (paired‐associate learning).DiscussionThis study presents normative data from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery in mid‐to‐late life. Quantile regression can model heterogeneity in age‐related cognitive trajectories as seen in the paired‐associate learning episodic memory measure.
Human stem cell–derived monocytes and microglia‐like cells reveal impaired amyloid plaque clearance upon heterozygous or homozygous loss of TREM2
Authors: Claes Christel , Van Den Daele Johanna , Boon Ruben , Schouteden Sarah , Colombo Alessio , Monasor Laura Sebastian , Fiers Mark , Ordovás Laura , Nami FatemehArefeh , Bohrmann Bernd , Tahirovic Sabina , De Strooper Bart , Verfaillie Catherine M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionMurine microglia expressing the Alzheimer's disease–linked TREM2R47H mutation display variable decrease in phagocytosis, while impaired phagocytosis is reported following loss of TREM2. However, no data exist on TREM2+/R47H human microglia. Therefore, we created human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) monocytes and transdifferentiated microglia‐like cells (tMGs) to examine the effect of the TREM2+/R47H mutation and loss of TREM2 on phagocytosis.MethodsWe generated isogenic TREM2+/R47H, TREM2+/−, and TREM2−/− hPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9. Following differentiation to monocytes and tMGs, we studied the uptake of Escherichia coli fragments and analyzed amyloid plaque clearance from cryosections of APP/PS1+/− mouse brains.ResultsWe demonstrated that tMGs resemble cultured human microglia. TREM2+/− and TREM2−/− hPSC monocytes and tMGs phagocytosed significantly less E. coli fragments and cleared less amyloid plaques than wild‐type hPSC progeny, with no difference for TREM2+/R47H progeny.DiscussionIn vitro phagocytosis of hPSC monocytes and tMGs was not affected by the TREM2+/R47H mutation but was significantly impaired in TREM2+/− and TREM2−/− progeny.
Retinal signs and risk of incident dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
Authors: Deal Jennifer A. , Sharrett A. Richey , Albert Marilyn , Bandeen‐Roche Karen , Burgard Sheila , Thomas Sonia Davis , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Knopman David , Mosley Thomas , Klein Barbara , Klein Ronald 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe easily‐imaged retinal microvasculature may reflect the brain microvasculature and therefore be related to dementia.MethodsIn a population‐based study of 12,482 adults aged 50‐73 years (22% African American), we estimated the relationship of retinal characteristics from fundus photography (1993‐1995) with incident all‐cause dementia (1993‐1995 to 2011‐2013) and with etiologic subtype of dementia/mild cognitive impairment (2011‐13).ResultsA total of 1259 (10%) participants developed dementia over a mean 15.6 years. Moderate/severe (vs. no) retinopathy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–2.55) and central retinal arteriolar equivalent (narrowest quartile vs. widest three quartiles; HR, 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09–1.45) were associated with all‐cause dementia. Results were qualitatively stronger (but not statistically significantly different) in participants with diabetes. Retinopathy was associated with a joint outcome of cerebrovascular‐related, but not Alzheimer's disease–related, dementia/mild cognitive impairment (HR, 2.29; 95% CI: 1.24–4.23).DiscussionExploration of measures in the eye may provide surrogate indices of microvascular lesions relevant to dementia.
Maxentius, the Dioscuri, and the Legitimisation of Imperial Power
Authors: McIntyre Gwynaeth 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMythological twin brothers played key roles in the establishment and preservation of the city of Rome. This article examines the use of one particular set of brothers, Castor and Pollux, by rival forms of government in the early fourth centuryce. In his work on the representations of the Dioscuri on Roman coinage, Gricourt argues that the Dioscuri symbolise the same ideas on Maxentius’ coins as on other such imperial coinage, namely their role in maintaining the eternal order of the universe and their roles as protectors of soldiers.1More recently, however, Marlowe and Hekster have successfully argued that Maxentius’ ideology was a counterclaim to that presented by the Tetrarchy.2Developing this notion further with respect to Maxentius’ coinage, this article argues that, for the Tetrarchs, Castor and Pollux served as the ideal figures to symbolise the importance ofconcordiain the collective rule of like-minded individuals. Maxentius, however, used Castor and Pollux in connection with other symbols of the city of Rome (such as Romulus, Remus, and the she-wolf) on his coins to promote his restoration of the city of Rome (in conjunction with titles such asprincepsandconservator urbis suae). The examination of this ideological conflict between Maxentius and the Tetrarchy, through their use of Castor and Pollux on their coinage, sheds light on the mutability of myth and its role in the promotion of particular aspects of mythological narratives and figures to support an individual’s own claims to power.
Sideshadowing Actium: Counterfactual History in Lollius’Naumachia(Horace,Epistles1.18)
Authors: Cowan Robert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmong the personal hobbies which Horace recommends his young friend Lollius conduct at a discreet distance from hispotens amicusis the re-enactment of the battle of Actium, which should only be undertaken in the privacy of his father’s estate. Critics have noted that the potential offence in this seemingly affirmative celebration of the ‘miracle of Actium’ lies in the casting of Lollius’ brother as his opponent, thus acknowledging the civil nature of the battle which was at least downplayed, if not elided, in official discourse. They have overlooked, however, the further subversive element in Horace’s reference to ‘whichever of the two (alterutrum)’ Victory crowns. This presents the counterfactual possibility, both in theEpistleand in thenaumachiawhich serves as a parallel mimesis, that Antony might have won the battle of Actium. This instance of ‘sideshadowing’ demands to be set in a number of contexts, such as the use of counterfactuals in historiographical depictions of battles and the phenomenon whereby some publicnaumachiaehad outcomes contrary to that of the historical battle they were re-enacting. In particular, the very possibility of an Antonian victory renders the Augustan principate contingent, in opposition to the providential, teleological inevitability with which it, and especially its foundational battle, were depicted elsewhere in Augustan poetry. Such an interpretation is supported by Lucan’s allusion to this passage in his Dyrrachium episode, the only other non-Lucretian instance ofalterutrumin extant Latin poetry.
Invocations of the Muse in Homer and Hesiod: A Cognitive Approach
Authors: Franek Juraj 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, I offer a cognitive analysis of the invocations of the Muse in earliest Greek epic poetry that is based on recent advances in cognitive science in general and the cognitive science of religion in particular. I argue that the Muse-concept most likely originated in a feeling of dependence on an external source of information to provide the singer with the subject matter of their song. This source of information is conceptualised as an ontological type (or template) ‘person’ by means of the hyperactive agency detection, and the Muse’s full access to strategic information, along with other characteristics, establishes her as a minimally counter-intuitive concept (that is to say a concept that conforms to most of our intuitive expectations and runs counter to a few of them), which, in turn, significantly increases the probability of the acquisition and transmission of the Muse-concept within the culture.
Geographic Disparities in the Surgical Management of Hemifacial Spasm in Canada
Authors: Somji Mohamed , Kaufmann Anthony M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to interrogate the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) database in order to determine the geographic distribution and outcomes of microvascular decompression (MVD) for the treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS).MethodsThe CIHI database was searched from 2004 to 2017 for relevant diagnostic and procedure codes. A new database was populated with the following categories: year, institution, province, number of interventions per year, and mean length of stay. Descriptive statistics were generated. Provincial utilization rates of MVD for HFS were calculated.ResultsDuring the period 2004-17, we identified 671 MVDs performed for HFS at 20 centers across Canada. During the study period, 286 MVDs (42.6%) were performed at one center in Manitoba. Another 131 (19.5%) and 72 (10.7%) were performed at one center in British Columbia and Ontario, respectively. The remaining 182 (27.1%) MVDs for HFS were performed at 17 centers across the rest of Canada where the mean number of cases performed per year was 1.1 (SD=0.9, range 0.2-2.9). When out-of-province cases were re-allocated to place of residence, the adjusted provincial utilization of MVD for HFS ranged between 0.5 and 6.1 patients per million per year.ConclusionsMicrovascular decompression for HFS is performed relatively rarely and there is a tremendous geographic variation in utilization across Canada. Although most of these surgeries are performed by a few surgeons, more than half of Canadian centers perform an average of less than 1 case per year. Further examination of the impact of these discrepancies appears warranted.
Party innovation, hybridization and the crisis: the case of Podemos
Authors: Lisi Marco 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe literature on populist parties has tended to look at this new phenomenon as distinct from traditional party models. While there are a number of studies focusing on specific dimensions, there have been few attempts to systematically examine the features of these new players through the eyes of distinct party types. This work uses the case of Podemos to highlight what distinguished this new party from mainstream parties. We consider the following dimensions: the genetic model, ideological and programmatic stances, its organization, and the profile of its electoral base. It is shown that Podemos presents hybrid characteristics, combining those of traditional party models with the characteristics transposed from the digital culture. The findings also show that populist parties evolve similarly to mainstream parties and this evolution depends not only on electoral and strategic pressures, but also on the process of institutionalization. The lessons of Podemos will allow us to discuss comparable cases from contemporary democracies, thus strengthening our findings and generating more robust evidence about the (alleged) novelty of populist parties with regard to party models.