bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new apterous species of the genus Orphnus MacLeay (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae) from South Africa
Authors: FROLOV ANDREY V. 
Published: June 2019

The African continent has a diverse fauna of scarab beetles of the subfamily Orphninae with five genera and more than 100 described species (Arrow 1912, Frolov 2005). The great majority of these species belong to the genus Orphnus MacLeay (Paulian 1948, Petrovitz 1971). Most of the species in this genus have well-developed wings. A few species, however, have reduced or almost absent wings. Recently I had the opportunity to examine two apterous specimens from the Transvaal Museum, South Africa, belonging to an undescribed species similar to O. (Parorphnus) luminosus Benderitter. This new species is described below.
Keys to Differentiating between Small- and Large-Drop Icing Conditions in Continental Clouds
Authors: Bernstein Ben C. , Rasmussen Roy M. , McDonough Frank , Wolff Cory 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing observations from research aircraft flights over the Great Lakes region, synoptic and mesoscale environments that appear to drive a relationship between liquid water content, drop concentration, and drop size are investigated. In particular, conditions that fell within “small drop” and “large drop” regimes are related to cloud and stability profiles, providing insight regarding whether the clouds are tied to the local boundary layer. These findings are supported by analysis of flight data from other parts of North America and used to provide context for several icing incidents and accidents where large-drop icing was noted as a contributing factor. The relationships described for drop size discrimination in continental environments provide clues that can be applied for both human- and model-generated icing forecasts, as well as automated icing algorithms.
Rapid-Update Radar Observations of ZDR Column Depth and Its Use in the Warning Decision Process
Authors: Kuster Charles M. , Snyder Jeffrey C. , Schuur Terry J. , Lindley T. Todd , Heinselman Pamela L. , Furtado Jason C. , Brogden Jeff W. , Toomey Robert 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The recent dual-polarization upgrade to the National Weather Service radar network provides forecasters with new information to use during operations, yet currently this information is not routinely used to explicitly make warning decisions. One potential way to increase operational use is to link new radar signatures and products to existing forecaster conceptual models and the warning decision process. Over the past several years, a unique dataset consisting of rapid-update (&lt;2-min volumes) radar data of storms over central Oklahoma has been collected to examine possible links between ZDR columns and forecaster conceptual models. In total, over 1400 volume scans from 42 storms—ranging from tornadic supercells to nonsevere multicells—are used to relate ZDR column depth to storm reports and radar signatures typically used to issue warnings, such as −20°C reflectivity core and low-level mesocyclone evolution. After completing the analysis, the following key operational findings emerged: 1) no clear differences exist between the ZDR column depth of tornadic and nontornadic mesocyclones, but statistically significant differences do exist between severe and nonsevere storms, 2) the lead time in advance of severe hail and wind reports provided by peaks in ZDR column depth is greater than that provided by peaks in −20°C reflectivity cores, 3) increases in ZDR column size precede increases in −20°C reflectivity core size by about 3.5–9.0 min, and 4) rapid-update volumetric data captures signature evolution several minutes earlier than conventional-update data therefore providing forecasters more time to anticipate hazards and issue warnings.
Trajectories and determinants of depressive symptoms among Korean employed women with young children
Authors: Kwon Taeyeon 
Published: June 2019

Background: This study examined the trajectory groups of maternal depressive symptoms of Korean employed women with young children and the association between trajectory group membership and personal, family, social and sociodemographic factors. Method: This study used Nagin’s semi-parametric, group-based modeling to analyze 2008 (Wave 1) to 2012 data (Wave 5) from the Panel Study on Korean Children, a nationally representative sample of children. Results: Four distinct trajectory groups were identified, namely, a non-depressive symptoms group, increasing subclinical depressive symptoms group, stable moderate depressive symptoms group and severe depressive symptoms group. Results showed that self-esteem, parental stress, child care cooperation of husband, marital satisfaction and social support affected the likelihood of membership in the four depressive symptoms groups. Conclusion: Prevention or intervention toward trajectory groups requires integrative approaches that target various factors across multiple contexts.
Technical factors affecting cardiac surgical mortality in Australia
Authors: Chan Justin CY , Gupta Aashray K , Babidge Wendy J , Worthington Michael G , Maddern Guy J 
Published: June 2019

Aim Examination of potentially avoidable issues in surgical deaths can provide a basis for quality improvement. Perioperative technical factors in cardiac surgery may lead or contribute to patient mortality. Using data from a well-established and comprehensive national surgical mortality audit, we aimed to identify and describe clinical management issues leading to mortality in Australian cardiac surgical patients. Methods Retrospective analysis of a cardiac surgical dataset from the Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality (February 2009 to December 2015) was undertaken. Clinical management issues related to technical factors were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Technical clinical management issues were categorized based on the most common themes, followed by qualitative analysis of each theme. Results We identified 256 patients with least one technical management issues (total 270). Injury to structures was the most common theme ( n = 115, 44.9%), followed by unaddressed surgical pathology ( n = 39, 15.2%) and inadequate myocardial protection ( n = 34, 13.2%). More specifically, the most common structural injury involved the right ventricle, with the aorta and femoral vessels also commonly injured. The most common unaddressed surgical pathology was incomplete coronary revascularization, followed by systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve during mitral repair. Graft failure occurred during coronary artery bypass graft surgery, with a poor target vessel being a common issue. Conclusion Technical factors in cardiac surgery resulting in potentially avoidable mortality constitute an important subset of deaths. These findings can inform various stakeholders to improve the quality and safety of surgical care.
Increased expression of aromatase cytochrome P450 enzyme is associated with prolactinoma invasiveness in post-menopausal women
Authors: Su Yin-Xia , Du Guo-Li , Shen Hong-Li , Wang Wen , Bao Jian-Ling , Aierken Aizezijiang , Wang Bo-Wei , Jiang Sheng , Zhu Jun , Gao Xiao-Ming 
Published: June 2019

Objectives To investigate the expression levels of aromatase cytochrome P450 enzyme (P450AROM) and related molecules—estrogen receptor-beta (ER-β), Ki-67, and p53—in prolactinoma tumor tissue from pre- and post-menopausal women, and to determine the associations of tumor invasiveness with expression levels of these genes. Methods This study recruited 90 patients with prolactinoma who underwent adenoidectomy between 2012 and 2017. Information was collected regarding clinical characteristics, hormones, laboratory tests, and magnetic resonance imaging-assessed tumor invasiveness. Expression levels of P450AROM, ER-β, Ki-67, and p53 were examined by immunohistochemistry in prolactinoma tissues. Results Increased P450AROM expression was found in invasive prolactinoma tissues in post-menopausal women, compared with its expression in non-invasive prolactinoma tissues. ER-β level was significantly higher in patients resistant to treatment with bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist. However, there were no differences in rate of resistance to treatment (8.2% vs. 3.4%) or expression levels of P450AROM, Ki-67, p53, and ER-β between pre- and post-menopausal patients. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that increased P450AROM expression in prolactinoma of post-menopausal women was positively associated with invasiveness. Moreover, ER-β level was higher in both pre- and post-menopausal patients who were resistant to dopamine agonist treatment.
Tizanidine hydrochloride exhibits a cytotoxic effect on osteosarcoma cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Xing Xue-Wu , Sun Yu-Fu , Zhao Jun , Pan Zi-Xiang , Jiang Wen-Xue 
Published: June 2019

Objectives α2-adrenergic receptors are reportedly involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis through regulation of diverse molecules, which implies that it contributes to tumor progression. However, the functional significance of α2-adrenergic receptors in osteosarcoma (OS) is unclear. Tizanidine hydrochloride (THC), an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is often used to alleviate symptoms of spasticity. This study investigated the functional implications of THC treatment on human OS cells and the underlying mechanisms of resulting changes. Methods The proliferation of U2 OS cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8; the migration and invasion capacities of U2 OS cells were then analyzed by transwell assay. Moreover, apoptosis in U2 OS cells was evaluated by flow cytometry and western blot analyses. Additionally, expression levels of key proteins in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were measured. Results THC inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of U2 OS cells, but promoted apoptosis within these cells. Expression levels of p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-P70S6K were reduced by exposure to THC, suggesting involvement of PI3K/AKT signaling in THC-induced cytotoxicity within OS cells. Conclusions THC may play a novel role in OS cell cytotoxicity, and these findings suggest a potent therapeutic strategy for OS treatment.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in tear fluid are elevated in migraine patients compared to healthy controls
Authors: Kamm Katharina , Straube Andreas , Ruscheweyh Ruth 
Published: June 2019

Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from trigeminal nerve fibres indicates trigeminal activation and has a key role in migraine pathophysiology. The trigeminal nerve directly innervates the eye. Therefore, in this study, we compared Calcitonin gene-related peptide in tear fluid of migraine patients and healthy controls. Methods Calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations in tear fluid and plasma of 48 episodic and 45 chronic migraine patients and 48 controls were assessed using ELISA. Results Calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in tear fluid (0.94 ± 1.11 ng/ml) were ∼140 times higher than plasma concentrations (6.81 ± 4.12 pg/ml). Tear fluid CGRP concentrations were elevated in interictal migraine patients (1.10 ± 1.27 ng/ml, n = 49) compared to controls (0.75 ± 0.80 ng/ml, p = 0.022). There was no difference in tear fluid CGRP levels between interictal episodic and chronic migraine patients (episodic: 1.09 ± 1.47 ng/ml, n = 30 and chronic: 1.10 ± 0.89 ng/ml, n = 19) and no correlation of tear fluid CGRP levels with headache frequency in interictal patients (rho = 0.062, p = 0.674). Unmedicated ictal migraine patients had even more elevated tear fluid CGRP levels than interictal migraine patients (1.92 ± 1.84 ng/ml, n = 13, p = 0.102), while medicated ictal migraine patients had lower levels (0.56 ± 0.47 ng/ml, n = 25, p = 0.011 compared to interictal patients), which were undistinguishable from controls ( p = 0.609). In contrast to tear fluid, no significant group differences were found in plasma CGRP levels. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this study shows, for the first time, increased CGRP tear fluid levels in migraine patients compared to healthy subjects. Detection of calcitonin gene-related peptide in tear fluid is non-invasive, and likely allows a more direct access to CGRP released from the trigeminal nerve than plasma sampling.
Lurking at URPE 50: Selective Observations, Criticisms, Horizons
Authors: Breen Marcus Jonathan 
Published: June 2019

How did the 2018 URPE at 50 conference appear to a “lurker,” someone interested, even enthusiastic, about radical political economy but not directly involved in the organization? Based on observations at the conference, the author ponders the absence of research and activist connections between media, communication, and cultural studies and radical political economics. Exploring the rise of intersectionality that has emerged due to digital communication and social media platforms, the author appeals for collaborative efforts to expand the range of interactions to benefit radical political economy as well as the fields of media, communication, and cultural studies. Jel Classifications: Z18, 033, 035
Dacryocystorhinostomy: Evolution of endoscopic techniques after 498 cases
Authors: Trimarchi Matteo , Giordano Resti Antonio , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Danè Giulia , Bussi Mario 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is a well-known surgical practice used to treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction and widely considered as a valid alternative to external approaches. Purpose: We present a retrospective case series of 498 endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomies on 401 patients, from July 2004 to May 2018, at the Department of Otolaryngology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. Methods: Of the 498 procedures, 426 were unilateral and 72 were bilateral dacryocystorhinostomy. All patients underwent routine preoperative workup including fluorescein test (Jones test 1–2), probing and irrigation of the lacrimal way, nasal endoscopy, and maxilla-facial computed tomography scan. Surgical technique was based on nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy followed by positioning of a Catalano’s silicone stent, which was left in place for about 3 months. Anatomical success was defined as a patent ostium on irrigation, whereas functional success was defined as free lacrimal flow on functional test and resolution of epiphora. Results: Anatomic success was achieved in 91.54% cases in primary dacryocystorhinostomy and in 89.36% after revision, whereas functional success was obtained in 90.4% in primary and 85.1% in secondary dacryocystorhinostomies. After a second revision of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, anatomical success was achieved in 90.1% and functional success in 88.7% of procedures. Conclusion: Our results confirm that endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy can be considered as a valid surgical approach to primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction and revision cases. The key aspects in achieving functional and anatomical results are meticulous surgical procedure and precise follow-up.
Functional acetabular retroversion syndrome: description of a specific sub-type of FAI and results of treatment with minimally invasive PAO
Authors: Wyatt Michael C , Smith Christian , Zavareh Ali , Pfluger Dominik , Bankes Marcus JK 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Acetabular retroversion syndrome is associated with pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and results, theoretically, from an externally rotated hemipelvis. The purpose of this study was to examine our surgical experience and the clinical results of functional acetabular retroversion syndrome treated with minimally-invasive periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data in consecutive patients who had an anteverting PAO from 01 November 2010 to 31 December 2015. All patients were followed up clinically and radiologically. Functional scores were ascertained using pre- and postoperative iHOT-12 and EQ-5D. The effect of hypermobility, smoking status and body mass index (BMI) on outcome measures was evaluated. Results: 31 anteverting PAOs were performed on 27 consecutive patients. All patients were female. The mean age was 26.7 years (SD 6.7). The mean BMI was 25.8 kg/m2 (SD 5.1). 5 patients were smokers (16.1%) and 11 exhibited signs of generalised joint laxity. 23 hips had undergone prior hip arthroscopy and 1 patient had previous open FAI surgery. The minimum clinical follow-up was 2 years (mean 3.4 years; range 2–7 years). A crossover sign was present in all cases. The mean iHOT-12 score improved from 19.5 to 51 at 6 months, 64.5 at 1 year and 48 at 2 years following surgery ( p < 0.05) EQ-5D improved from 0.42 preoperatively to 0.76 at 6 months and 0.69 at 1 year following surgery ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: We have characterised functional acetabular retroversion syndrome (FARS) as a condition affecting young, active females which severe symptoms out of proportion to demonstrable radiographic pathology.
Queries to the British Orthodontic Society
Authors: Parker Kate , Bharmal Rozana V , Noar Joe H 
Published: June 2019

Objective: As the representative body for orthodontic specialists, the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) provides advice and guidance to professionals and patients on a variety of topics. The BOS receive frequent queries from professionals and patients and, where appropriate, provide advice and guidance. By reflecting on the types of queries received, it is hoped that general guidance can be developed and ‘frequently asked questions’ information established to improve knowledge in these particular areas. Design: Retrospective assessment of queries raised to the BOS. Setting: BOS headquarters, London. Methods: All queries raised to the BOS by professionals and patients from January 2017 to October 2018 were collated and divided into those raised by dental professionals or by patients. Within each group, all queries were further subcategorised into different topic areas. For each of the main topics, guidance will be developed to improve clinician and patient knowledge in these areas. Results: In the time period assessed, 422 queries were received to the BOS, 51.8% (n = 229) were from patients and 48.2% (n = 213) from professionals. Commissioning was the most common topic queried by professionals (34.3%), which included NHS contracts and tendering. Queries regarding associate matters (9.4%), specific clinical queries (9.4%) and BOS issues (8.9%) were also common topics raised by professionals. The most common topic queried by patients was the eligibility for NHS treatment (29.3%), followed by specific clinical queries (22.3%) and seeking recommendations for clinicians (10.5%). Conclusions: Overall, a large number of queries were received by the BOS. While some queries required specific information from the BOS, the majority of queries could be addressed through already published information and guidance. This project identifies the more common queries and provides clear guidance on where to find the appropriate advice.
Pharmacist prescribing and care improves cardiovascular risk, but is it cost-effective? A cost-effectiveness analysis of the RxEACH study
Authors: Al Hamarneh Yazid N. , Johnston Karissa , Marra Carlo A. , Tsuyuki Ross T. 
Published: June 2019

Background: The RxEACH randomized trial demonstrated that community pharmacist prescribing and care reduced the risk for cardiovascular (CV) events by 21% compared to usual care. Objective: To evaluate the economic impact of pharmacist prescribing and care for CV risk reduction in a Canadian setting. Methods: A Markov cost-effectiveness model was developed to extrapolate potential differences in long-term CV outcomes, using different risk assessment equations. The mean change in CV risk for the 2 groups of RxEACH was extrapolated over 30 years, with costs and health outcomes discounted at 1.5% per year. The model incorporated health outcomes, costs and quality of life to estimate overall cost-effectiveness. It was assumed that the intervention would be 50% effective after 10 years. Individual-level results were scaled up to population level based on published statistics (29.2% of Canadian adults are at high risk for CV events). Costs considered included direct medical costs as well as the costs associated with implementing the pharmacist intervention. Uncertainty was explored via probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results: It is estimated that the Canadian health care system would save more than $4.4 billion over 30 years if the pharmacist intervention were delivered to 15% of the eligible population. Pharmacist care would be associated with a gain of 576,689 quality-adjusted life years and avoid more than 8.9 million CV events. The intervention is economically dominant (i.e., it is both more effective and reduces costs when compared to usual care). Conclusion: Across a range of 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses of key parameters and assumptions, pharmacist prescribing and care are both more effective and cost-saving compared to usual care. Canadians need and deserve such care.
Return to Work Following Isolated Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Agarwalla Avinesh , Christian David R. , Liu Joseph N. , Garcia Grant H. , Redondo Michael L. , Yanke Adam B. , Cole Brian J. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose Patients with isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis and varus deformity may undergo high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to reduce the contact pressure in the medial compartment. The purpose of this investigation is (1) examine the timeline of return to work (RTW) following HTO and (2) evaluate RTW stratified by occupational intensity. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing HTO were reviewed retrospectively at a minimum of 2-years postoperatively. Patients completed a subjective work questionnaire, a visual analogue scale for pain, Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Results Thirty-eight patients were included at an average of 9.0 ± 3.3 years postoperatively. Thirty-seven patients (average age 43.4 ± 7.8 years, 91.9% with a Kellgren-Lawrence grade of III/IV) were employed within 3 years prior to surgery. Eighteen patients (48.6%) underwent subsequent surgery with 14 patients (37.8%) receiving a salvage knee arthroplasty at an average of 6.1 ± 3.5 years following HTO. Thirty-five patients (94.5%) returned to work at an average of 2.9 ± 2.0 months. The rate of RTW for sedentary, light, moderate, and heavy duties were 87.5%, 100%, 100%, and 93.3%, respectively, while the duration until RTW was 1.0 months, 1.1 months, 2.4 months, and 3.3 months, respectively. Conclusion In a young and active population with osteoarthritis or varus deformity, an HTO allows patients to return to work; however, patients with high-intensity occupations may be absent from work longer than those with lesser physically demanding occupations. HTO is not a definitive treatment option as nearly 40% of patients underwent knee arthroplasty by 6.1 years postoperatively. Level of Evidence IV, case series.