bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of the Scale, Role Taking in Caregivers of People with Chronic Disease, ROL
Authors: Arias Mauricio , Carreño Sonia , Chaparro Lorena 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To determine face, content, and construct validity, and internal consistency of ROL scale.
Methods and Findings: A three-phase study was conducted. First, content analysis of the scale was carried out consulting 10 professional experts. Then, face validity was analyzed with 60 caregivers. Finally, construct validity was evaluated by performing an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with 110 participants. Internal consistency of ROL scale was also assessed. Face validity of ROL scale reached a high acceptance index in three dimensions: role performance (0.97), role organization (0.98), and response to the role (0.98). Content validity showed coherence, clarity, and relevance of the scale. From factor analysis, three components emerged and were grouped in the same manner for varimax, quartimax, and equimax rotations. Cronbach's alpha was 0.816, which is an acceptable overall value.
Conclusion: ROL scale makes objective the concept of role taking in family caregivers of people with chronic disease. It demonstrated to have acceptable reliability, and construct, face, and content validity to be used in the Colombian context.
Keywords: Validation Study, Caregivers, Health Transitions, Chronic Disease.
The Structure of Large-scale Stellar Disks in Cluster Lenticular Galaxies∗
Authors: Sil’chenko Olga K. , Kniazev Alexei Yu. , Chudakova Ekaterina M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
By obtaining imaging data in two photometric bands for 60 lenticular galaxies—members of eight southern clusters—with the Las Cumbres Observatory one-meter telescope network, we have analyzed the structure of their large-scale stellar disks. The parameters of radial surface-brightness profiles have been determined (including also disk thickness), and all the galaxies have been classified into pure exponential (Type I) disk surface-brightness profiles, truncated (Type II) and antitruncated (Type III) piecewise exponential disk surface-brightness profiles. We confirm the previous results of some other authors that the proportion of surface-brightness profile types is very different in environments of different density: in the clusters, the Type-II profiles are almost absent while according to the literature data, in the field they constitute about one-quarter of all lenticular galaxies. The Type-III profiles are equally presented in the clusters and in the field, while following similar scaling relations; but by undertaking an additional structural analysis including the disk thickness determination we note that some Type-III disks may be a combination of a rather thick exponential pseudobulge and an outer Type-I disk. Marginally, we detect a shift of the scaling relation toward higher central surface brightnesses for the outer segments of Type-III disks and smaller thickness of the Type-I disks in the clusters. Both effects may be explained by enhanced radial stellar migration during disk galaxy infall into a cluster that in particular represents an additional channel for Type-I disk shaping in dense environments.
A Multicolor Study of Polarization Variability in Isolated B[e] Stars HD 45677 and HD 50138
Authors: Lee C. D. , Eswaraiah C. , Chen W. P. , Pandey A. K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
HD 45677 and HD 50138 are two B[e] stars isolated from any known star-forming regions. We investigated the polarization characterization of their surrounding gas and in situ dust in the inner edge of the circumstellar disk. Our measurements of the intrinsic polarization of each star between 2010 and 2011, after correcting for foreground polarization through field star observation, reveal a decreasing level of polarization with wavelength, with the polarization angle independent of wavelength. However, reanalysis of literature data by applying our foreground correction method clarified the relative roles of electron scattering versus dust scattering in the circumstellar disk. Combining the multicolor data from the available epochs led us to conclude that a general electron scattering-dominated disk exists in both B[e] stars, with evidence of micron-sized grains seen at some epochs, likely condensed in the inner disk.
Chemical Inhomogeneities in the Pleiades: Signatures of Rocky-forming Material in Stellar Atmospheres
Authors: Spina Lorenzo , Meléndez Jorge , Casey Andrew R. , Karakas Amanda I. , Tucci-Maia Marcelo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The aim of Galactic archaeology is to recover the history of our Galaxy through the information encoded in stars. An unprobed assumption of this field is that the chemical composition of a star is an immutable marker of the gas from which it formed. It is vital to test this assumption on open clusters, a group of stars formed from the same gas. Previous investigations have shown that unevolved stars in clusters are chemically homogeneous within the typical uncertainties of these analyses, i.e., 15% of the elemental abundances. Our strictly differential analysis on five members of the Pleiades allows us to reach precisions of 5% for most elements and to unveil chemical anomalies within the cluster that could be explained by planet engulfment events. These results reveal that the evolution of planetary systems may alter the chemical composition of stars, challenging our capability of tagging them to their native environments, and also paving the way for the study of planetary architectures and their evolution, through the chemical pattern of their host stars.
Large-amplitude Rapid X-Ray Variability in the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy PG 1404+226
Authors: Mallick L. , Dewangan G. C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present the first results from a detailed analysis of a new, long (∼100 ks) XMM-Newton observation of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 1404+226, which showed a large-amplitude, rapid X-ray variability by a factor of ∼7 in ∼10 ks with an exponential rise and a sharp fall in the count rate. We investigate the origin of the soft X-ray excess emission and rapid X-ray variability in the source through time-resolved spectroscopy and fractional rms spectral modeling. The strong soft X-ray excess below 1 keV observed in both the time-averaged and time-resolved spectra is described by the intrinsic disk Comptonization model as well as the relativistic reflection model where the emission is intense merely in the inner regions (

) of an ionized accretion disk. We detected no significant UV variability, while the soft X-ray excess flux varies together with the primary power-law emission (as

), although with a smaller amplitude, as expected in the reflection scenario. The observed X-ray fractional rms spectrum is approximately constant with a drop at ∼0.6 keV and is described by a non-variable emission line component with the observed energy of ∼0.6 keV and two variable spectral components: a more variable primary power-law emission and a less variable soft excess emission. Our results suggest the “lamppost geometry” for the primary X-ray-emitting hot corona, which illuminates the innermost accretion disk due to strong gravity and gives rise to the soft X-ray excess emission.
Predictions of DKIST/DL-NIRSP Observations for an Off-limb Kink-unstable Coronal Loop
Authors: Snow B. , Botha G. J. J. , Scullion E. , McLaughlin J. A. , Young P. R. , Jaeggli S. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Synthetic intensity maps are generated from a 3D kink-unstable flux rope simulation using several DKIST/DL-NIRSP spectral lines to make a prediction of the observational signatures of energy transport and release. The reconstructed large field-of-view intensity mosaics and single tile sit-and-stare high-cadence image sequences show detailed, fine-scale structure and exhibit signatures of wave propagation, redistribution of heat, flows, and fine-scale bursts. These fine-scale bursts are present in the synthetic Doppler velocity maps and can be interpreted as evidence for small-scale magnetic reconnection at the loop boundary. The spectral lines reveal the different thermodynamic structures of the loop, with the hotter lines showing the loop interior and braiding and the cooler lines showing the radial edges of the loop. The synthetic observations of DL-NIRSP are found to preserve the radial expansion, and hence the loop radius can be measured accurately. The electron number density can be estimated using the intensity ratio of the Fe xiii lines at 10747 and 10798 Å. The estimated density from this ratio is correct to within ±10% during the later phases of the evolution; however, it is less accurate initially when line-of-sight density inhomogeneities contribute to the Fe xiii intensity, resulting in an overprediction of the density by ≈30%. The identified signatures are all above a conservative estimate for instrument noise and therefore will be detectable. In summary, we have used forward modeling to demonstrate that the coronal off-limb mode of DKIST/DL-NIRSP will be able to detect multiple independent signatures of a kink-unstable loop and observe small-scale transient features including loop braiding/twisting and small-scale reconnection events occurring at the radial edge of the loop.
Chemo-kinematic Ages of Eccentric-planet-hosting M Dwarf Stars
Authors: Veyette Mark J. , Muirhead Philip S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The M dwarf stars are exciting targets for exoplanet investigations; however, their fundamental stellar properties are difficult to measure. Perhaps the most challenging property is stellar age. Once on the main sequence, M dwarfs change imperceptibly in their temperature and luminosity, necessitating novel statistical techniques for estimating their ages. In this paper, we infer ages for known eccentric-planet-hosting M dwarfs using a combination of kinematics and α-element enrichment, both shown to correlate with age for Sun-like FGK stars. We calibrate our method on FGK stars in a Bayesian context. To measure α-enrichment, we use publicly available spectra from the CARMENES exoplanet survey and a recently developed [Ti/Fe] calibration utilizing individual Ti i and Fe i absorption lines in the Y band. Tidal effects are expected to circularize the orbits of short-period planets on short timescales; however, we find a number of mildly eccentric, close-in planets orbiting old (∼8 Gyr) stars. For these systems, we use our ages to constrain the tidal dissipation parameter of the planets, Q
p. For two mini-Neptune planets, GJ 176 b and GJ 536 b, we find that they have Q
p values more similar to the ice giants than to the terrestrial planets in our solar system. For GJ 436 b, we estimate an age of

and constrain the Q
p to be >105, in good agreement with constraints from its inferred tidal heating. We find that GJ 876 d has likely undergone significant orbital evolution over its

lifetime, potentially influenced by its three outer companions that orbit in a Laplace resonance.
Spitzer Matching Survey of the UltraVISTA Ultra-deep Stripes (SMUVS): Full-mission IRAC Mosaics and Catalogs
Authors: Ashby M. L. N. , Caputi Karina I. , Cowley Will , Deshmukh Smaran , Dunlop James S. , Milvang-Jensen Bo , Fynbo Johan P. U. , Muzzin Adam , McCracken H. J. , Fèvre Olivier Le , Huang Jia-Sheng , Zhang J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper describes new deep 3.6 and 4.5 μm imaging of three UltraVISTA near-infrared survey stripes within the COSMOS field. The observations were carried out with Spitzer’s Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) for the Spitzer Matching Survey of the UltraVISTA Deep Stripes (SMUVS). In this work we present our data reduction techniques, and document the resulting mosaics, coverage maps, and catalogs in both IRAC passbands for the three easternmost UltraVISTA survey stripes, covering a combined area of about 0.66 deg2, of which 0.45 deg2 have at least 20 hr of integration time. SMUVS reaches point-source sensitivities of about 25.0 AB mag (0.13 μJy) at both 3.6 and 4.5 μm, with a significance of 4σ, accounting for both survey sensitivity and source confusion. To this limit the SMUVS catalogs contain a total of ∼350,000 sources, each of which is detected significantly in at least one IRAC band. Because of its uniform and high sensitivity, relatively large area coverage, and the wide array of ancillary data available in COSMOS, the SMUVS survey will be useful for a large number of cosmological investigations. We make all images and catalogs described herein publicly available via the Spitzer Science Center.
Cytosolic Processing Governs TAP-Independent Presentation of a Critical Melanoma Antigen
Authors: Vigneron Nathalie , Ferrari Violette , Van den Eynde Benoît J. , Cresswell Peter , Leonhardt Ralf M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been flourishing in recent years with remarkable clinical success. But as more patients are treated, a shadow is emerging that has haunted other cancer therapies: tumors develop resistance. Resistance is often caused by defects in the MHC class I Ag presentation pathway critical for CD8 T cell–mediated tumor clearance. TAP and tapasin, both key players in the pathway, are frequently downregulated in human cancers, correlating with poor patient survival. Reduced dependence on these factors may promote vaccine efficiency by limiting immune evasion. In this study, we demonstrate that PMEL209–217, a promising phase 3 trial–tested antimelanoma vaccine candidate, is robustly presented by various TAP- and/or tapasin-deficient cell lines. This striking characteristic may underlie its potency as a vaccine. Surprisingly, cytosolic proteasomes generate the peptide even for TAP-independent presentation, whereas tripeptidyl peptidase 2 (TPP2) efficiently degrades the epitope. Consequently, inhibiting TPP2 substantially boosts PMEL209–217 presentation, suggesting a possible strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine.
Cutting Edge: Elevated Leptin during Diet-Induced Obesity Reduces the Efficacy of Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Murphy Katherine A. , James Britnie R. , Sjaastad Frances V. , Kucaba Tamara A. , Kim Hyunjoon , Brincks Erik L. , Chua Streamson C. , Wilber Andrew , Griffith Thomas S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Various malignancies are reproducibly cured in mouse models, but most cancer immunotherapies show objective responses in a fraction of treated patients. One reason for this disconnect may be the use of young, lean mice lacking immune-altering comorbidities present in cancer patients. Although many cancer patients are overweight or obese, the effect of obesity on antitumor immunity is understudied in preclinical tumor models. We examined the effect of obesity on two immunotherapeutic models: systemic anti–CTLA-4 mAb and intratumoral delivery of a TRAIL-encoding adenovirus plus CpG. Both therapies were effective in lean mice, but neither provided a survival benefit to diet-induced obese BALB/c mice. Interestingly, tumor-bearing leptin-deficient (ob/ob) obese BALB/c mice did respond to treatment. Moreover, reducing systemic leptin with soluble leptin receptor:Fc restored the antitumor response in diet-induced obese mice. These data demonstrate the potential of targeting leptin to improve tumor immunotherapy when immune-modulating comorbidities are present.
Activation of NF-κB in Synovium versus Cartilage from Patients with Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis: A Potential Contributor to Inflammatory Aspects of Disease Progression
Authors: Ahmed Aisha S. , Gedin Per , Hugo Anders , Bakalkin Georgy , Kanar Alkass , Hart David A. , Druid Henrik , Svensson Camilla , Kosek Eva 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim was to assess the activation and association of the NF-κB system across synovial membrane (SM) and articular cartilage (AC) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and ascertain its potential effects on catabolic mediator expression in advanced OA. SM and AC were obtained from 40 OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and from 19 postmortem control subjects. NF-κB subunit RelA in nuclear and cytosolic fractions and NF-κB1–DNA binding in nuclear extracts was assessed by ELISA, whereas NFKB1, RELA, IL-8, IL-6, and MMP3 gene expression were analyzed by reverse transcriptase–quantitative PCR in tissues. We observed higher SM nuclear RelA protein levels and upregulated NF-κB1–DNA binding in OA patients compared with postmortem controls. However, in AC, lower nuclear RelA levels were observed compared with cytosolic extracts in patients. Nuclear RelA levels correlated positively with NF-κB1–DNA binding in SM and AC in patients. SM RELA and MMP3 mRNA levels were upregulated, whereas IL-8 and IL-6 as well as AC RELA were downregulated in patients compared with controls. In SM, nuclear RelA levels correlated positively with MMP3 gene expression in patients. A negative correlation was observed between SM nuclear RelA levels and AC NF-κB1–DNA binding, and SM nuclear NF-κB1-DNA binding correlated negatively with AC MMP3 and NFKB1 mRNA levels in patients. These findings highlight NF-κB–triggered cross-talk and feedback mechanisms between SM and AC in OA. Further, our findings strongly support a role for an activated NF-κB system in the transcriptional mechanism of inflammatory processes, especially in SM of patients with advanced OA.
First record of the marine turtle leech (Ozobranchus margoi) on hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the inner granitic Seychelles
Authors: Göpper Byron M. , Voogt Nina M. , Ganswindt Andre 
Published: August 2018

Ozobranchus spp. are leeches that feed solely on turtle blood. They are common ectoparasites found on a range of marine turtle species, with some species of the leech being implicated as vectors of fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV). Green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) turtles are the two commonly occurring species in the inner granitic islands of the Seychelles. Routine monitoring of nesting turtles on Cousine Island, Seychelles, allowed for opportunistic sightings of leeches on two hawksbill females. In both cases infestation was low, with three leeches collected off one female turtle and five off the other. No obvious signs of papillomas secondary to infection of FPTHV were seen. All of the turtle leeches collected were determined to be Ozobranchus margoi as they had five pairs of lateral digiform branchiae. The specimens were deposited in the Seychelles Natural History Museum on Mahé. To the best of our knowledge this is the first record of Ozobranchus margoi recorded in the inner granitic Seychelles on hawksbill turtles.
Field frequency and pattern of inheritance of the herbivory-defence trait “resistance-by-ducking” in the giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea, Asteraceae)
Authors: Wise Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

Background and aims – For a more complete understanding of the eco-evolutionary dynamics of plant-herbivore interactions, it is important to know the genetic mechanisms that control defence traits, as well as the levels of genetic variation for these traits in plant populations. Here, I present results of a study of the occurrence and pattern of inheritance of the recently discovered trait of ‘resistance-by-ducking’ in the goldenrod Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae).Methods – I grew maternal families of seedlings from fruits collected in a large field population of S. gigantea in southwestern Virginia, USA. I determined stem phenotype (ducking or erect) for 704 plants across 36 maternal families.Key results – Of the 704 plants, 72% had ducking stems and 28% had erect stems. Employing bootstrapping with Hardy-Weinberg principles, I found that the pattern of inheritance was consistent with stem phenotype being controlled by a major gene, with the ducking morph being recessive to the erect morph. The allele frequencies for stem phenotype in the source population were estimated to be 0.85 ducking and 0.15 erect alleles.Conclusions – These findings not only help inform ecological studies of ducking in S. gigantea, but they lay the groundwork for comparative studies of similar goldenrod species whose populations have differing proportions of ducking stems. For example, in all previous studies on populations of S. altissima, ducking stems have been the minority morph, occurring at a frequency of less than 20%. These results suggest that ducking may be costlier in S. altissima, while S. gigantea may face different ecological pressures, or has somehow overcome some of the costs of ducking.
Taxonomy, palynology, and seed morphology of Paepalanthus decumbens, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Trovó Marcelo , Picanço Wellerson L. , Gonçalves-Esteves Vânia 
Published: August 2018

Background and aims – Paepalanthus is the largest genus of Neotropical Eriocaulaceae and the largest genus of Brazilian monocots. Much of its taxonomic and morphological diversity remains unknown. A new species is described, with details on pollen and seed morphology.Methods – The morphological description of the vegetative and floral characters was made using a stereoscopic microscope with camera. Pollen and seed samples from the new species and from two related taxa were studied under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Key results – Paepalanthus decumbens is described and illustrated, including details of pollen grains and seeds. The species is restricted to a small area in the campos rupestres of Serra de São José (Minas Gerais, Brazil), and therefore should be considered as critically endangered. The decumbent stem, falciform leaves with long trichomes along the margins, the numerous and sericeous scapes of roughly the same size of the leaves, and the dark castaneous involucral bracts are useful features for the recognition of the new species. Paepalanthus decumbens is placed in P. subsect. Polyactis and compared with P. microphyllus and P. stannardii, which have their pollen grains and seeds also herein described for the first time.