bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Status of Outdoor Lifetime Testing of Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Wang Tao , Lidzey David G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPerformance degradation is one of the key obstacles limiting the commercial application of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. The assessment of OPV stability and lifetime are usually based on simulated degradation experiments conducted under indoor conditions, whereas photovoltaic devices experience different environmental conditions under outdoor operation. Besides the intrinsic degradation of OPV devices due to the evolution of optoelectronic and morphological structure during long‐term operation, outdoor environmental changes can impose extra stresses and accelerate the degradation of OPV modules. Although outdoor studies on long‐term OPV stability are restricted by the long data collection times, they provide direct information on OPV stability under mixed degradation stresses and are therefore invaluable from the point of view of both research and practical application. Here, an overview of the current status of outdoor lifetime studies of OPVs is provided. After a summary of device lifetime extrapolated from indoor studies, outdoor lifetime testing platforms are introduced and the operational lifetime of various OPV devices are reviewed. The influence of climate and weather parameters on device performance and burn‐in phenomena observed during the degradation of OPVs is then discussed. Finally, an outlook and directions for future research in this field are suggested.
Nanostructured Fused Pyrrole Thin Films: Encoding Nano “Bits” with Temporary Remanence
Authors: Canjeevaram Balasubramanyam Ram Kumar , Kandjani Ahmad E. , Jones Lathe A. , Periasamy Selvakannan R. , Wong Sherman , Narayan Ramanuj , Bhargava Suresh K. , Ippolito Samuel J. , Basak Pratyay 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of resistive switching phenomenon and its dependence on molecular structure is imperative for enhancing the consistency and reliability of organic resistive memory (ORM) devices. Here, the efforts are directed to establish a premise for providing detailed insights into the molecular property, thin film assembly, and digital memory performance of a 1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole (DHPP) derivative. The fabricated devices display switching characteristics with an ION/OFF ratio of ≈105, howbeit, with a “temporary remanence” of ≈2 min. The ON state can be sustained under a constant electrical duress of −1 V and can be repeatedly reprogrammed for >110 cycles. Conductive atomic force microscope (C‐AFM) studies demonstrate that the thin film can be electrically written to a “0” or “1” state under extremely low compliance currents of ±250 pA with an appreciable ON/OFF ratio of 102. Conservative estimates for the switching area of ≈150 nm2 with energy as low as 15 fJ to induce a switching event underscore the possibility of nanoscale data storage with high areal density. The role of charge transfer interactions during the OFF to ON transitions and the origin of volatile memory behaviour are further elucidated in conjunction with electrochemical impedance studies (EIS) and theoretical simulations.
Bioorthogonal Conjugation Directed by a Sugar‐Sorting Pathway for Continual Tracking of Stressed Organelles
Authors: Xue Zhongwei , Zhang Enkang , Liu Jian , Han Jiahuai , Han Shoufa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelective and continuous tracking of dynamic organelles is crucial for modern biology. We herein report a ship‐in‐a‐bottle strategy for tagging lysosomes by a strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition to couple a pH sensor (RC) with mannose‐6‐carboxylate (M6C) actively transported into lysosomes through cell sorting. In contrast to classical acidotropic sensors, which are prone to dissipate from lysosomes, M6C‐RC formed in situ is stably trapped in lysosomes without resort to lysosomal acidity and exhibits “always‐on” blue fluorescence to pinpoint lysosomes and red‐to‐blue fluorescence ratios indicative of the lysosomal pH value. These advantages enable tracking of stressed lysosomes, and necrosis to be differentiated from apoptosis on the basis of lysosomal pH changes. The cell‐sorting‐mediated bioorthogonal tagging strategy offers a new route to track stressed organelles with disrupted physiological organelle–probe affinity.
Core–Shell Crystals of Porous Organic Cages
Authors: Jiang Shan , Du Yi , Marcello Marco , Corcoran Edward W. , Calabro David C. , Chong Samantha Y. , Chen Linjiang , Clowes Rob , Hasell Tom , Cooper Andrew I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe first examples of core–shell porous molecular crystals are described. The physical properties of the core–shell crystals, such as surface hydrophobicity, CO2 /CH4 selectivity, are controlled by the chemical composition of the shell. This shows that porous core–shell molecular crystals can exhibit synergistic properties that out‐perform materials built from the individual, constituent molecules.
BSA‐IrO2: Catalase‐like Nanoparticles with High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency and a High X‐ray Absorption Coefficient for Anti‐inflammation and Antitumor Theranostics
Authors: Zhen Wenyao , Liu Yang , Lin Lin , Bai Jing , Jia Xiaodan , Tian Huayu , Jiang Xiue 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntrinsically integrating precise diagnosis, effective therapy, and self‐anti‐inflammatory action into a single nanoparticle is attractive for tumor treatment and future clinical application, but still remains a great challenge. In this study, bovine serum albumin–iridium oxide nanoparticles (BSA‐IrO2 NPs) with extraordinary photothermal conversion efficiency, good photocatalytic activity, and a high X‐ray absorption coefficient were prepared through one‐step biomineralization. The nanoparticles allow tumor phototherapy and simultaneous photoacoustic/thermal imaging and computed tomography. More importantly, BSA‐IrO2 NPs can also act as a catalase to protect normal cells against H2O2‐induced reactive oxygen pressure and inflammation while significantly enhancing photoacoustic imaging through microbubble‐based inertial cavitation. These remarkable features may open up the exploration iridium‐based nanomaterials in theranostics.
Introducing Fe2+ into Nickel–Iron Layered Double Hydroxide: Local Structure Modulated Water Oxidation Activity
Authors: Cai Zhao , Zhou Daojin , Wang Maoyu , Bak Seong‐Min , Wu Yueshen , Wu Zishan , Tian Yang , Xiong Xuya , Li Yaping , Liu Wen , Siahrostami Samira , Kuang Yun , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Duan Haohong , Feng Zhenxing , Wang Hailiang , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExploring materials with regulated local structures and understanding how the atomic motifs govern the reactivity and durability of catalysts are a critical challenge for designing advanced catalysts. Herein we report the tuning of the local atomic structure of nickel–iron layered double hydroxides (NiFe‐LDHs) by partially substituting Ni2+ with Fe2+ to introduce Fe‐O‐Fe moieties. These Fe2+‐containing NiFe‐LDHs exhibit enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with an ultralow overpotential of 195 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is among the best OER catalytic performance to date. In‐situ X‐ray absorption, Raman, and electrochemical analysis jointly reveal that the Fe‐O‐Fe motifs could stabilize high‐valent metal sites at low overpotentials, thereby enhancing the OER activity. These results reveal the importance of tuning the local atomic structure for designing high efficiency electrocatalysts.
A Two‐Dimensional Polymer Synthesized at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Müller Vivian , Hinaut Antoine , Moradi Mina , Baljozovic Milos , Jung Thomas A. , Shahgaldian Patrick , Möhwald Helmuth , Hofer Gregor , Kröger Martin , King Benjamin T. , Meyer Ernst , Glatzel Thilo , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA trifunctional, partially fluorinated anthracene‐substituted triptycene monomer was spread at an air/water interface into a monolayer, which was transformed into a long‐range‐ordered 2D polymer by irradiation with a standard UV lamp. The polymer was analyzed by Brewster angle microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, and non‐contact atomic force microscopy, which confirmed the generation of a network structure with lattice parameters that are virtually identical to a structural model network based on X‐ray diffractometry of a closely related 2D polymer. The nc‐AFM images highlight the long‐range order over areas of at least 300×300 nm2. As required for a 2D polymer, the pore sizes are monodisperse, except for the regions where the network is somewhat stretched because it spans over protrusions. Together with a previous report on the nature of the cross‐links in this network, the structural information provided herein leaves no doubt that a 2D polymer has been synthesized under ambient conditions at an air/water interface.
Reaktionen von Gruppe‐4‐Metallocen‐Komplexen des Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylens mit Nitrilen und Isonitrilen
Authors: Rosenthal U. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDieser Aufsatz fasst Reaktionen von Gruppe‐4‐Metallocen‐Komplexen des Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylens mit Nitrilen und Isonitrilen zusammen. Ausgewählte Beispiele von Reaktionen der Gruppe‐4‐Metallocen‐Komplexe mit Alkinen des Typs Cp′2M(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) mit Nitrilen und Isonitrilen werden beschrieben, die dem generellen L‐M‐S‐Prinzip folgen, wonach stöchiometrische und katalytische Reaktionen durch die Liganden L, die Metalle M und die Substrat‐Substituenten S beeinflusst werden. Die Einflüsse dieser Parameter werden für verschiedene M/L/S‐Kombinationen hervorgehoben. Die Basisreaktionen mit Nitrilen sowie in einigen Fällen auch Isonitrilen sind im Detail untersucht und hier summiert worden. Ausgewählte Folgereaktionen der erhaltenen Produkte, die wiederum von L, M und S abhängen, werden gezeigt. Besonders interessant ist hier die Bildung von ein‐ und mehrkernigen 1‐Metalla‐2,5‐diazacyclopenta‐2,4‐dienen, mit großem Potenzial für Anwendungen bei der Synthese komplexer Heterocyclen.
De Novo Left‐Handed Synthetic Peptidomimetic Foldamers
Authors: She Fengyu , Teng Peng , Peguero‐Tejada Alfredo , Wang Minghui , Ma Ning , Odom Timothy , Zhou Mi , Gjonaj Erald , Wojtas Lukasz , van der Vaart Arjan , Cai Jianfeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe development of peptidomimetic helical foldamers with a wide repertoire of functions is of significant interest. Herein, we report the X‐ray crystal structures of a series of homogeneous l‐sulfono‐γ‐AA foldamers and elucidate their folding conformation at the atomic level. Single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography revealed that this class of oligomers fold into unprecedented dragon‐boat‐shaped and unexpected left‐handed helices, which are stabilized by the 14‐hydrogen‐bonding pattern present in all sequences. These l‐sulfono‐γ‐AApeptides have a helical pitch of 5.1 Å and exactly four side chains per turn, and the side chains lie perfectly on top of each other along the helical axis. 2D NMR spectroscopy, computational simulations, and CD studies support the folding conformation in solution. Our results provide a structural basis at the atomic level for the design of novel biomimetics with a precise arrangement of functional groups in three dimensions.
Magnetoluminescence in a Photostable, Brightly Luminescent Organic Radical in a Rigid Environment
Authors: Kimura Shun , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Kimura Shojiro , Kato Ken , Teki Yoshio , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe investigated the emission properties of a photostable luminescent organic radical, (3,5‐dichloro‐4‐pyridyl)bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (PyBTM), doped into host molecular crystals. The 0.05 wt %‐doped crystals displayed luminescence attributed to a PyBTM monomer with a room‐temperature emission quantum yield of 89 %, which is exceptionally high among organic radicals. The 10 wt %‐doped crystals exhibited both PyBTM monomer and excimer‐centered emission bands, and the intensity ratio of these two bands was modulated drastically by applying a magnetic field of up to 18 T at 4.2 K. This is the first observation of a magnetic field affecting the luminescence of organic radicals, and we also proposed a mechanism for this effect.
Mechanochemical Rhodium(III)‐ and Gold(I)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Alkynylations of Indoles under Solventless Conditions in Mixer Mills
Authors: Hermann Gary N. , Unruh Marvin T. , Jung Se‐Hyeong , Krings Maik , Bolm Carsten 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMechanochemical activations in RhIII‐ and AuI‐catalyzed C−H alkynylations lead selectively to C2‐ and C3‐alkynylated indoles. The processes show excellent functional group tolerance, do not require additional heating and proceed under solventless conditions. Compared to solvent‐based standard protocols, the reaction times are shorter and the catalyst quantities lower resulting in high product yields under ambient atmosphere in mixer mills.
Maculatic Acids—Sex Attractant Pheromone Components of Bald‐Faced Hornets
Authors: Ren Weiwu , Gries Regine , McCaughey Catherine , Derstine Nathan , Alamsetti Santosh K. , Kurita Kenji L. , Tu Lorna , Linington Roger G. , Britton Robert , Gries Gerhard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractYellowjackets in the genera Vespula and Dolichovespula are prevalent eusocial insects of great ecological and economic significance, but the chemical signals of their sexual communication systems have defied structural elucidation. Herein, we report the identification of sex attractant pheromone components of virgin bald‐faced hornet queens (Dolichovespula maculata). We analyzed body surface extracts of queens by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD), isolated the compounds that elicited responses from male antennae by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and identified these components by GC mass spectrometry (MS), HPLC‐MS, and NMR spectroscopy. In laboratory olfactometer experiments, synthetic (2Z,7E)‐3,7‐dimethyldeca‐2,7‐diendioic acid (termed here maculatic acid A) and (2Z,7E)‐10‐methoxy‐3,7‐dimethyldeca‐10‐oxo‐deca‐2,7‐dienoic acid (termed here maculatic acid C) in binary combination significantly attracted bald‐faced hornet males. These are the first sex attractant pheromone components identified in yellowjackets.
Molecular Recognition of the Hybrid‐2 Human Telomeric G‐Quadruplex by Epiberberine: Insights into Conversion of Telomeric G‐Quadruplex Structures
Authors: Lin Clement , Wu Guanhui , Wang Kaibo , Onel Buket , Sakai Saburo , Shao Yong , Yang Danzhou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHuman telomeres can form DNA G‐quadruplex (G4), an attractive target for anticancer drugs. Human telomeric G4s bear inherent structure polymorphism, challenging for understanding specific recognition by ligands or proteins. Protoberberines are medicinal natural‐products known to stabilize telomeric G4s and inhibit telomerase. Here we report epiberberine (EPI) specifically recognizes the hybrid‐2 telomeric G4 predominant in physiologically relevant K+ solution and converts other telomeric G4 forms to hybrid‐2, the first such example reported. Our NMR structure in K+ solution shows EPI binding induces extensive rearrangement of the previously disordered 5′‐flanking and loop segments to form an unprecedented four‐layer binding pocket specific to the hybrid‐2 telomeric G4; EPI recruits the (−1) adenine to form a “quasi‐triad” intercalated between the external tetrad and a T:T:A triad, capped by a T:T base pair. Our study provides structural basis for small‐molecule drug design targeting the human telomeric G4.
An Efficient, Visible‐Light‐Driven, Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst NiS/ZnxCd1−xS Nanocrystal Derived from a Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Zhao Xiuxia , Feng Jianrui , Liu Jing , Shi Wei , Yang Guangming , Wang Gui‐Chang , Cheng Peng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhotocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production using sustainable sunlight is a promising alternative to industrial hydrogen production. However, the scarcity of highly active, recyclable, inexpensive photocatalysts impedes the development of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) schemes. Herein, a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐template strategy was developed to prepare non‐noble metal co‐catalyst/solid solution heterojunction NiS/ZnxCd1−xS with superior photocatalytic HER activity. By adjusting the doping metal concentration in MOFs, the chemical compositions and band gaps of the heterojunctions can be fine‐tuned, and the light absorption capacity and photocatalytic activity were further optimized. NiS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S exhibits an optimal HER rate of 16.78 mmol g−1 h−1 and high stability and recyclability under visible‐light irradiation (λ>420 nm). Detailed characterizations and in‐depth DFT calculations reveal the relationship between the heterojunction and photocatalytic activity and confirm the importance of NiS in accelerating the water dissociation kinetics, which is a crucial factor for photocatalytic HER.
A Catalytic Oxidative Quinone Heterofunctionalization Method: Synthesis of Strongylophorine‐26
Authors: Yu Wanwan , Hjerrild Per , Jacobsen Kristian M. , Tobiesen Henriette N. , Clemmensen Line , Poulsen Thomas B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe preparation of heteroatom‐substituted p‐quinones is ideally performed by direct addition of a nucleophile followed by in situ reoxidation. Albeit an appealing strategy, the reactivity of the p‐quinone moiety is not easily tamed and no broadly applicable method for heteroatom functionalization exists. Shown herein is that Co(OAc)2 and Mn(OAc)3⋅2 H2O act as powerful catalysts for oxidative p‐quinone functionalization with a collection of O, N, and S nucleophiles, using oxygen as the terminal oxidant. Preliminary mechanistic observations and the first synthesis of the cytotoxic natural product strongylophorine‐26 is presented.
Genetic connectivity supports recovery of gorgonian populations affected by climate change
Authors: Padrón Mariana , Costantini Federica , Bramanti Lorenzo , Guizien Katell , Abbiati Marco 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Climate‐induced threats are increasingly affecting marine populations worldwide. In the last few decades, several gorgonian species have been affected by mass mortality events in the north‐west Mediterranean, putatively linked to local sea temperature increases during heatwaves. For many benthic sessile species, recovery after disturbances depends upon larval supply shaping the connections among populations.
In the Ligurian Sea, genetic analyses showed that some Paramuricea clavata populations recovered after mass mortality events; however, the patterns of connectivity, and the potential role of migration in supporting the recovery of the populations of P. clavata, across its distribution range within the Ligurian Sea are still unknown.
In this study, the population genetic structure and migration patterns of P. clavata populations have been analysed across seven sites in the Ligurian Sea, some of which have been affected by mass mortality events.
Evidence of a population bottleneck was found in most of the populations studied. Significant genetic differentiation was found among P. clavata populations, reflecting habitat fragmentation at a regional scale, except for two populations found 20 km apart. Continuing gene flow between distant populations was also revealed. Empirical data suggest that gene flow among populations may have contributed to support their recovery from mass mortality events.
The study identified populations in the central part of the Ligurian Sea that can be strategic for the regional persistence of the species. These findings highlight that the preservation of key populations could maintain connectivity and gene flow in the metapopulation, and increase the resilience of the species.
Survival of the fittest: Explanations for gadoid imbalance in heavily fished seas
Authors: Elliott Sophie A.M. , Allan Brooke A. , Turrell William R. , Heath Michael R. , Bailey David M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities have caused the degradation of the world's ecosystems, accelerating the loss of biodiversity. In marine ecosystems, fishing has had strong impacts on fish populations and their habitats; however, not all species have responded equally to fishing pressure.
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) are of high commercial value throughout the North Atlantic. Despite having relatively similar life cycles, the state of stocks of these three species varies enormously, with whiting faring better than cod. Within the Firth of Clyde (south‐west Scotland), this imbalance is especially accentuated, where small whiting now make up the greater proportion of the biomass.
In this study, cod, haddock, and whiting recruitment to coastal areas, growth, and bait attraction were explored within a marine protected area (MPA) in the Firth of Clyde. Over the course of the summers of 2013 and 2014, whiting and haddock arrived at coastal areas earlier than cod, and grew more quickly. Cod were on average the smallest gadoid observed, and whiting the largest. Whiting also had more predominant scavenging behaviour.
These results, in combination with other life‐history traits, indicate that whiting may be at a competitive advantage over cod, and this may partly explain the imbalance of gadoids in the Firth of Clyde. This study highlights the importance of considering life‐history differences in multi‐species fisheries management, and how appropriately managed MPAs could help to restore fish population and assemblage structure.
Disability and quality of life 20 years after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Andelic Nada , Howe Emilie I. , Hellstrøm Torgeir , Sanchez Maria Fernandez , Lu Juan , Løvstad Marianne , Røe Cecilie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe study describes functional outcomes and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) 20 years postinjury.Materials and MethodsForty‐four survivors who acquired moderate and severe TBI during 1995–1996 were followed 10 and 20 years postinjury. Outcomes were Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE), Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), and SF‐36 questionnaire (SF‐36). Multiple regressions were performed to examine the relationship between follow‐up measurements, controlling for baseline demographics and injury severity.ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline age and civil status between moderate and severe TBI, but patients with severe injury had significantly lower employment rates (p = 0.05). Mean age at 20‐years follow‐up was 50.8 (SD 11.4) years, and 73% were males. Most patients showed good recovery (52%) or moderate disability (43%). Disability levels remained stable between and within severity groups from 10 to 20 years. Community integration including social integration improved from 10 to 20 years (p = 0.01 and p = 0.005, respectively). HRQL remained stable, except for subscales Bodily Pain and Role Emotional (p = 0.02 and p = 0.06). Depression at 10 years and females were associated with poorer mental health, while productive activity at 10 years indicated better physical and mental health at 20 years postinjury, respectively.ConclusionsFunctional limitations persist even decades after moderate and severe TBI, with poorer prognosis for females and persons who were depressed at the 10‐year follow‐up. Development and evaluation of targeted long‐term follow‐up programs and access to rehabilitation services for these groups should be highlighted. Improved community integration despite stable functional limitations draws attention to long‐term adaptation to adversity and illness.