bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What can we do to reduce the burden of avoidable deaths in those with serious mental illness?
Authors: Crompton David , Groves Aaron , McGrath John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIndividuals with schizophrenia have higher mortality rates compared to the general community. Apart from an increased risk of suicide, people with schizophrenia have an increased risk of death related to a wide range of comorbid physical conditions. There is evidence to suggest that much of this mortality is avoidable. The provision of assertive management of comorbid physical disorders has the potential to help close the differential mortality gap. While the primary data are robust, there is less empirical evidence to guide policy makers and service providers when dealing with these problems. Focused clinical programs aimed at reducing risk factors (e.g. smoking, obesity) and shared care between mental health teams and primary care providers can help reduce the burden of avoidable deaths. In light of recent evidence suggesting that the mortality gap has widened in recent decades, there is an urgent need to address the burden of avoidable deaths in those with serious mental illnesses.
Experimental Studies for Small Diameter Grafts in an In Vivo Sheep Model—Techniques and Pitfalls
Authors: Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Guschlbauer Maria , Weber Carolyn , Wacker Max Theodor , Reinhardt Stefanie , Djordjevic Ilija , Sabashnikov Anton , Maul Alexandra , Sterner-Kock Anja , Wahlers Thorsten C.W. , Scherner Maximilian , Wippermann Jens 
Published: April 2019

Background Scientific attempts to create the “ideal” small diameter vascular graft have been compared with the “search of the holy grail.” Prosthetic material as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene or Dacron shows acceptable patency rates to large caliber vessels, while small diameter (< 6 mm) prosthetic conduits present unacceptably poor patency rates. Vascular tissue engineering represents a promising option to address this problem.
Material and Methods Thirty-two female Texel-sheep aged 6 months to 2 years underwent surgical common carotid artery (CCA) interposition using different tissue-engineered vascular substitutes. Explantation of the grafts was performed 12 (n = 12) and 36 (n = 20) weeks after surgery. Ultrasound was performed on postoperative day 1 and thereafter every 4 weeks to evaluate the graft patency.
Results The average length of implanted substitutes was 10.3 ± 2.2 cm. Anesthesia and surgical procedure could be performed without major surgical complications in all cases.The grafts showed a systolic blood flow velocity (BFV) of 28.24 ± 13.5 cm/s, a diastolic BFV of 9.25 ± 4.53 cm/s, and a mean BFV of 17.85 ± 9.25 cm/s. Native vessels did not differ relevantly in hemodynamic measurements (systolic: 29.77 cm/s; diastolic: 7.99 cm/s ±  5.35; mean 15.87 ± 10.75). There was no incidence of neurologic complications or subsequent postoperative occlusion. Perioperative morbidity was low and implantation of conduits was generally well tolerated.
Conclusion This article aims to give a precise overview of in vivo experiments in sheep for the evaluation of small diameter vascular grafts performing CCA interposition, especially with regard to pitfalls and possible perioperative complications and to discuss advantages and disadvantages of this approach.
Development of a clinical practice guideline for orthodontically induced external apical root resorption
Authors: Sondeijker Caroline F W , Lamberts Antoon A , Beckmann Stefan H , Kuitert Reinder B , van Westing Koen , Persoon Saskia , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie 
Published: April 2019

Summary

Objectives
To develop a clinical practice guideline on orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (EARR), with evidence-based and, when needed, consensus-based recommendations concerning diagnosis, risk factors, management during treatment, and after-treatment care.

Materials and methods
The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument and the Dutch Method for Evidence-Based Guideline Development were used to develop the guideline. Based on a survey of all Dutch orthodontists, we formulated four clinical questions regarding EARR. To address these questions, we conducted systematic literature searches in MEDLINE and Embase, and we performed a systematic literature review. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. After discussing the evidence, a Task Force formulated considerations and recommendations. The drafted guideline was sent for comments to all relevant stakeholders.

Results
Eight studies were included. The quality of evidence (GRADE) was rated as low or very low. Only the patient-related risk factors, ‘gender’ and ‘age’, showed a moderate quality of evidence. The Task Force formulated 13 final recommendations concerning the detection of EARR, risk factors, EARR management during treatment, and after-treatment care when EARR has occurred. Stakeholder consultation resulted in 51 comments on the drafted guideline. After processing the comments, the final guideline was authorized by the Dutch Association of Orthodontists. The entire process took 3 years.

Limitations
The quality of the available evidence was mainly low, and patient-reported outcome measures were lacking.

Conclusions/implications
This clinical practice guideline allows clinicians to respond to EARR based on current knowledge, although the recommendations are weak due to low-quality evidence. It may reduce variation between practices and aid in providing patients appropriate information.
Applying the triple bottom line of sustainability to healthcare research—a feasibility study
Authors: Vergunst Francis , Berry Helen L , Rugkåsa Jorun , Burns Tom , Molodynski Andrew , Maughan Daniel L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
The triple bottom line (TBL) of sustainability is an important emerging conceptual framework which considers the combined economic, environmental and social impacts of an activity. Despite its clear relevance to the healthcare context, it has not yet been applied to the evaluation of a healthcare intervention. The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether doing so is feasible and useful.

Design
Secondary data analysis of a 12-month randomized controlled trial.

Setting
Community based mental health care.

Participants
Patients with chronic psychotic illnesses (n = 333).

Intervention(s)
Community treatment orders.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Financial and environmental (CO2 equivalent) costs of care, obtained from healthcare service use data, were calculated using publicly available standard costs; social sustainability was assessed using standardized social outcome measures included in the trial data.

Results
Standardized costing and CO2e emissions figures were successfully obtained from publicly available data, and social outcomes were available directly from the trial data.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that TBL assessment can be retrospectively calculated for a healthcare intervention to provide a more complete assessment of the true costs of an intervention. A basic methodology was advanced to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, although considerable further conceptual and methodological work is needed to develop a generalizable methodology that enables prospective inclusion of a TBL assessment in healthcare evaluations. If achieved, this would represent a significant milestone in the development of more sustainable healthcare services. If increasing the sustainability of healthcare is a priority, then the TBL approach may be a promising way forward.
Network context matters: graph convolutional network model over social networks improves the detection of unknown HIV infections among young men who have sex with men
Authors: Xiang Yang , Fujimoto Kayo , Schneider John , Jia Yuxi , Zhi Degui , Tao Cui 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
HIV infection risk can be estimated based on not only individual features but also social network information. However, there have been insufficient studies using n machine learning methods that can maximize the utility of such information. Leveraging a state-of-the-art network topology modeling method, graph convolutional networks (GCN), our main objective was to include network information for the task of detecting previously unknown HIV infections.

Materials and Methods
We used multiple social network data (peer referral, social, sex partners, and affiliation with social and health venues) that include 378 young men who had sex with men in Houston, TX, collected between 2014 and 2016. Due to the limited sample size, an ensemble approach was engaged by integrating GCN for modeling information flow and statistical machine learning methods, including random forest and logistic regression, to efficiently model sparse features in individual nodes.

Results
Modeling network information using GCN effectively increased the prediction of HIV status in the social network. The ensemble approach achieved 96.6% on accuracy and 94.6% on F1 measure, which outperformed the baseline methods (GCN, logistic regression, and random forest: 79.0%, 90.5%, 94.4% on accuracy, respectively; and 57.7%, 80.2%, 90.4% on F1). In the networks with missing HIV status, the ensemble also produced promising results.

Conclusion
Network context is a necessary component in modeling infectious disease transmissions such as HIV. GCN, when combined with traditional machine learning approaches, achieved promising performance in detecting previously unknown HIV infections, which may provide a useful tool for combatting the HIV epidemic.
Light-sheet imaging and graph analysis of antidepressant action in the larval zebrafish brain network
Authors: Burgstaller Jessica , Hindinger Elena , Donovan Joseph , Dal Maschio Marco , Kist Andreas M. , Gesierich Benno , Portugues Ruben , Baier Herwig 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe zebrafish is increasingly being employed as an experimental platform to model neuropsychiatric diseases and to screen for novel neuro-active compounds. While the superb genetic and optical access that this system offers has long been recognized, these features have not been fully exploited to investigate disease mechanisms and possible therapeutic interventions. Here we introduce a light-sheet imaging and graph-theoretical analysis pipeline to determine the effects of the known or suspected antidepressant compounds fluoxetine, ketamine and cycloserine on brain-wide neural activity patterns. We imaged the brains of both wildtype fish and grs357 mutants, which harbor a missense mutation that abolishes glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity. The grs357 mutation results in a chronically elevated stress axis together with behavioral endophenotypes of depression. Consistent with broad expression of the glucocorticoid receptor throughout the brain, we show that the mutant fish exhibit an altered correlational structure of resting-state brain activity. Intriguingly, in grs357 mutant fish, an increased ‘modularity’, which represents the degree of segregation of the network into highly clustered modules, was restored by acute fluoxetine administration to wildtype levels. Ketamine and cycloserine also normalized specific parameters of the graph. Fluoxetine altered network function in the same direction in mutant and wildtype, while ketamine and cycloserine had effects that were opposite for the two genotypes. We propose that light-sheet imaging, followed by graph analysis, is a content-rich and scalable first-pass approach for studying the neural consequences of drug effects and drug x genotype interactions in zebrafish models of psychiatric disorders.
The Contribution of Parietal Cortex to Visual Salience
Authors: Chen Xiaomo , Zirnsak Marc , Vega Gabriel M. , Govil Eshan , Lomber Stephen G. , Moore Tirin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnique stimuli stand out. In spite of an abundance of competing sensory stimuli, the detection of the most salient ones occurs without effort, and that detection contributes to the guidance of adaptive behavior. Neurons sensitive to the salience of visual stimuli are widespread throughout the primate visual system and are thought to shape the selection of visual targets. However, mechanisms underlying the representation of salience remain elusive. Among the possible candidates are areas within posterior parietal cortex, which appear to be crucial in the control of visual attention and are thought to play a unique role in representing stimulus salience. Here we show that reversible inactivation of parietal cortex not only selectively reduces the representation of visual salience within the brain, but it also diminishes the influence of salience on visually guided behavior. These results demonstrate a distinct contribution of parietal areas to vision and visual attention.
Evolution of (p)ppGpp-HPRT regulation through diversification of an allosteric oligomeric interaction
Authors: Anderson Brent W. , Liu Kuanqing , Wolak Christine , Dubiel Katarzyna , Satyshur Kenneth A. , Keck James L. , Wang Jue D. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe signaling ligand (p)ppGpp binds diverse targets across bacteria, yet the mechanistic and evolutionary basis underlying these ligand-protein interactions remains poorly understood. Here we identify a novel (p)ppGpp binding motif in the enzyme HPRT, where (p)ppGpp shares identical binding residues for PRPP and nucleobase substrates to regulate purine homeostasis. Intriguingly, HPRTs across species share the conserved binding site yet strongly differ in ligand binding, from strong inhibition by basal (p)ppGpp levels to weak regulation at induced concentrations. Surprisingly, strong ligand binding requires an HPRT dimer-dimer interaction that allosterically opens the (p)ppGpp pocket. This dimer-dimer interaction is absent in the common ancestor but evolved to favor (p)ppGpp binding in the vast majority of bacteria. We propose that the evolutionary plasticity of oligomeric interfaces enables allosteric adjustment of ligand regulation, bypassing constraints of the ligand binding site. Since most ligands bind near protein-protein interfaces, this principle likely extends to other protein-ligand interactions.
The Cohesion-Based Communities of Symptoms of the Largest Component of the DSM-IV Network
Authors: HAQUE MOHAMMAD NAZMUL , MOSCATO PABLO 
Published: April 2019

Modern methods for network analytics provide an opportunity to revisit preconceived notions in the classification of diseases as “clusters of symptoms”. Curated collections which were subsequently modified, like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals of Mental Disorders “DSM-IV” and the most recent addition, DSM-5 allow us to introspect, using the solution provided by modern algorithms, if there exists a consensus between the clusters obtained via a data-driven approach, with the current classifications. In the case of mental disorders, the availability of a follow-up consensus collection (e.g. in this case the DSM-5), potentially allows investigating if the classification of disorders has moved closer (or away) to what a data-driven analytic approach would have unveiled by objectively inferring it from the data of DSM-IV. In this contribution, we present a new type of mathematical approach based on a global cohesion score which we introduce for the first time for the identification of communities of symptoms. Different from other approaches, this combinatorial optimization method is based on the identification of “triangles” in the network; these triads are the building block of feedback loops that can exist between groups of symptoms. We used a memetic algorithm to obtain a collection of highly connected-cohesive sets of symptoms and we compare the resulting community structure with the classification of disorders present in the DSM-IV.
Identifying tween fashion consumers’ profile concerning fashion innovativeness, opinion leadership, internet use for apparel shopping, interest in online co-design involvement, and brand commitment
Authors: Baker Renee , Yu Ui-Jeen , Gam Hae Jin , Banning Jennifer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study identifies tween fashion consumers’ profiles in relation to fashion change agent (FCA) characteristics, such as fashion innovativeness and opinion leadership, and examines how the tweens’ FCA characteristics influence their Internet innovativeness, interest in online co-design involvement, and brand commitment. A survey was conducted with tween-aged girls in the Midwest region of the U.S., who were recruited through the snow ball sampling method. A total of 53 responses were acceptable for data analysis including cluster analysis, MANOVA, and multiple regression analyses. Results show the tween consumers were divided into two fashion consumer groups—fashion leaders and fashion followers—significantly different in fashion innovativeness and opinion leadership. This study also found positive effects of tweens’ FCA characteristics on Internet innovativeness, interest in online co-design involvement, and brand commitment. As FCAs with higher fashion innovativeness and opinion leadership influence the adoption and purchase behavior of other tween fashion consumers, marketers and retailers need to develop more fashion innovative, Internet-mediated, interactive, and brand-oriented marketing efforts. While the tween consumers in the children’s wear market has been featured, the prevailing literature on tween consumers’ fashion adoption and consumption is limited, particularly with regards to their FCA characteristics. This study highlights the important role of tween fashion consumers’ FCA characteristics in their online shopping orientation and brand commitment.
КОНЦЕПТ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ В АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНЫХ СМИ
Authors: Glebova Ekaterina Alexandrovna 
Published: April 2019

Данная работа является лингвокультурологическим исследованием явления глобализации. В работе исследуется концепт глобализации, отражающийся в дискурсе англоязычных СМИ. Попытка интерпретировать понятие глобализации в лингвистике на материале периодических изданий англоязычных средств массовой информации и стало целью данной работы.В качестве основных методов исследования применялись метод интерпретативный, словообразовательный, стилистический и количественный методы, применяемые для анализа фрагментов печатных текстов периодических американских и английских изданий, содержащих апелляцию к изучаемому концепту.Научная новизна исследования состоит в выявлении концепта глобализации на материале англоязычных СМИ и описания его образной составляющей.Результаты исследования: образ глобализации в англоязычных СМИ раскрывается преимущественно через метафоры природного мира и человеческой деятельности, указывая на масштабность и стихийность исследуемого явления.
Tempo, história e subjetividade em uma abordagem “atópica” das teses de Walter Benjamin em seu ensaio Sobre o conceito de história
Authors: Andrade Marta Mega de 
Published: April 2019

Neste artigo, busca-se refletir acerca dos problemas do tempo e da subjetividade na produção de conhecimento histórico. A abordagem escolhida é profundamente inspirada no pensamento de Giorgio Agamben e parte da citação da relação entre história e poesia no trecho 1451 (a, b) da Poética de Aristóteles. O trecho procura estabelecer uma diferença entre história e poesia, que é discutida aqui com referência a três dimensões míticas da temporalidade grega — aiôn, chrónos, kairós — com o objetivo de caracterizar esboços de uma concepção de tempo diferente da nossa e para a qual se propõe aqui a imagem do “corpo do tempo”. O diálogo que se segue com as teses incluídas em Sobre o conceito de história, de Walter Benjamin, aproxima a problemática do corpo do tempo à questão da ação e da subjetividade histórica, indagando sobre a possibilidade de conceber uma imagem do tempo mais adequada à ação constituinte do sujeito histórico e a sua relação com o possível.
Com a metodicidade das obras de jurisprudência: o julgamento histórico a partir da Guerra civil no Rio Grande do Sul, de Tristão de Alencar Araripe (1879-1881)
Authors: Antoniolli Juliano Francesco 
Published: April 2019

Neste artigo,analiso o julgamento histórico como parte integrante da produção historiográfica no século XIX. Para isso, exploro o confronto de interpretações acerca da Revolução Farroupilha (1835-1845) iniciado em 1879, em torno da memória documentada de Tristão de Alencar Araripe, e da recepção desse documento na Corte e na província do Rio Grande do Sul. A memória e as respostas que ela gerou permitem refletir sobre a construção de juízos pelos historiadores na sua prática de representação do passado. Nesse sentido, exploro duas possibilidades de interpretação. No primeiro momento, trato de refletir o condicionamento social dos julgamentos históricos, salientando, para o caso de Araripe, os aspectos relativos à sua formação e atuação como letrado e como político. Em seguida, debruço-me sobre alguns princípios que fundamentavam o ofício do historiador, tais como a seleção das fontes e a imparcialidade na apreciação dos fatos, por meio da crítica à memória formulada por Karl von Koseritz.
Exemplary History: Competition in Roman Historiography
Authors: Balmaceda Catalina 
Published: April 2019

A great part of the perceived value of history in the ancient world was connected with its educational function. In one way or another, it was regarded as a beneficial guide to conduct or as magistra vitae (Cicero, De Oratore II, 36). To give political instruction and advice on the one hand (Polybius, I, 1, 2), and to provide exempla, were two major aims of history. This paper will argue that by narrating the history of the past, historians not only judged past actions or people, and provided useful moral examples to their contemporaries, but also stimulated a type of competition between past and present times. By recording good examples to be imitated and bad ones to be avoided, the Roman historians promoted the code of values of the maiores for their own time, fostered action and, to a certain extent, became significant indicators to Roman society. This competitive aspect of Roman historiography is illustrated here in three distinct categories, analysing the work of major Roman historians: Sallust, Livy and Tacitus.
Does health seeking behaviour influences on quality of life of type II diabetes patients, an untouched area in diabetes, study done in JSS Hospital, Mysore
Authors: B. B. Savitha Rani , Kulkarni Praveen , N. C. Ashok , M. Renuka , K. S. Vinay 
Published: April 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disorder associated with number of complications. If patients are to contribute to the effective control of diabetes, awareness and practices can assist in reducing the incidence of its complications.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 200 type II diabetic patients at JSS Hospital, Mysuru was conducted, assessment of health seeking behaviour using semi structured questionnaire was done. Quality of life was assessed using WHO QOL-BREF Questionnaire.Results: Among 200 study participants 53.5% belongs to age group 41-60, 57.5% were males, 44.5% were having family history of diabetes, 68.5% were on oral hypoglycemic agents. 163 (81.5%) were anxious when they were diagnosed as diabetics, 123 (61.5%) were influenced by themselves to go for investigations, 68 (34%)were influenced by Doctors, 131 (65.5%) had no money as the barrier to attend hospital for check-up, 186 (93%) visit hospital once in less than 3 months, 180 (90%) of them believed oral drugs are the treatment for diabetes, 188 (94%) prefer Allopathic medicine. Association between initial response on diagnosis and interval for regular monitoring with Quality of life of diabetic patients was statically significant (p≤0.05).Conclusions: Health seeking behaviour is an important determinant of controlled glycaemic status and Quality of life of people living with diabetes.