bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le décret de l’émancipation des esclaves de 1848 : une application difficile au Sénégal (1848-1905)
Authors: Sène Cheikh 
Published: November 2024

Cet article examine la difficile application du décret de l’abolition de l’esclavage du 27 avril 1848 dans les possessions françaises du Sénégal (Saint-Louis, Gorée, Podor et Sédhiou). En s’appuyant sur des rapports et des correspondances d’administrateurs coloniaux conservés aux Archives nationales d’outre-mer (ANOM) et aux Archives nationales du Sénégal (ANS), il aborde les conflits juridiques et politiques soulevés par l’article 7 dudit décret qui établit que « le sol de France affranchit l’esclave qui le touche » et s’attache aux stratégies adoptées par les esclaves pour s’émanciper. Face aux menaces des propriétaires d’esclaves qui tiennent l’économie du Sénégal et la crainte de voir Saint-Louis et Gorée devenir des citadelles closes sinon assiégées par des esclaves fugitifs en quête de liberté, l’administration française décide de dévoyer le principe du sol libérateur pour des raisons économiques et politiques. N’ayant pas les moyens militaires et le pouvoir de prendre des mesures fermes face à la poursuite de l’esclavage, la justice, le droit et les lois deviennent les instruments de la stratégie coloniale française. Un processus de sélection des esclaves fondé d’abord sur leurs conditions de traitement jugées « pénibles » ou « souples » puis sur la nature des rapports politiques (bons ou mauvais) entre la France et les États de la Sénégambie remplace le principe du sol libérateur. Les conquêtes militaires coloniales conditionnent l’attitude de l’administration française face à la lutte contre l’esclavage. Plusieurs décrets condamnant la traite et l’esclavage se heurtent aux normes juridiques locales, coutumières et religieuses qui les tolèrent. En 1904, l’assassinat de Henri Chautemps, administrateur adjoint aux affaires indigènes, par un allié de Diery Fall, membre de l’élite locale accusé de traite de captifs, pousse l’administration coloniale française à prendre des mesures assez fermes pour éradiquer la traite des captifs et non l’esclavage dit de case qui affecte toutes les sociétés de l’Afrique-Occidentale française. L’application des lois abolitionnistes adoptées par les colonialistes français et considérées comme des mesures humanistes, est restée souple et sujette à des manipulations. Cependant, ces lois n’ont jamais pu éradiquer les normes et coutumes juridiques islamiques immuables et rigides, qui sont abstraites, attribuées à la volonté divine et transmises de génération en génération. Le non-respect des nouveaux textes juridiques et l’intransigeance des pratiques esclavagistes locales poussent des familles d’esclaves à adopter la fuite comme stratégie d’émancipation. Les normes juridiques endogènes et coutumières ont mis du temps à accepter les principes du droit colonial et à s’y conformer. La mollesse dans la lutte contre l’esclavage est aujourd’hui la cause de sa résurgence dans les sociétés peules et soninkés, fortement attachées à leurs valeurs traditionnelles qui cautionnent l’asservissement des êtres humains.
Aumônier militaire, une vocation ?
Authors: Lacotte Rémy Hême de 
Published: November 2024

Les aumôniers militaires ont-ils une vocation ? L’introduction en France, au début du xixe siècle, d’une aumônerie catholique structurée et unifiée a permis aux hommes d’Église d’imposer leurs critères sur un recrutement jusque-là abandonné à des supérieurs laïcs, avec pour conséquence de faire primer la régularité sacerdotale sur l’adéquation à un ministère en milieu militaire. Semblables, par le profil, au reste du clergé séculier contemporain, les aumôniers du xixe siècle ont pu être attirés par les carrières alternatives que leur ouvrait le passage sous les drapeaux, à la périphérie d’un système concordataire dominé par leurs évêques, même si la sortie du cadre diocésain représentait une part de risque susceptible de dissuader des candidats. Dans ce contexte, l’épanouissement notable d’un discours sur la vocation, à compter du milieu du siècle, a surtout été le fait des aumôniers eux-mêmes, à partir d’une vision renouvelée de leur ministère rapprochant le prêtre et le soldat sur fond de patriotisme.
Nouveaux profils des vocations et défis pour les communautés monastiques
Authors: Jonveaux Isabelle 
Published: November 2024

Les statistiques actuelles des communautés monastiques montrent que les individus qui se présentent à la porte des communautés sont en moyenne plus âgés, ont un niveau d’étude plus élevé, une expérience professionnelle et parfois une expérience de vie de couple. Les postulants sont aussi de plus en plus mobiles géographiquement. Quels sont les canaux de recrutement qui amènent les intéressés à la porte des monastères et dans quelle mesure les communautés déploient-elles des stratégies pour les attirer ? Enfin, quels défis représentent les nouveaux profils des novices pour la formation monastique ? Grâce à des données statistiques et qualitatives, cet article interroge le nouveau profil sociographique des entrants en France, Autriche et Pologne, les voies d’accès à la vie monastique ainsi que les défis actuels pour la formation.
L’archive sonore, moteur pour une création située
Authors: Vogel Corsin 
Published: November 2024

La réappropriation d’archives sonores dans un processus de création constitue une pratique que l’on peut retrouver depuis des décennies dans les musiques actuelles ou la musique contemporaine et qui est intimement liée à la démocratisation du support audio enregistré. En parcourant ma propre démarche artistique, je propose dans un premier temps de définir les contours de l’archive sonore, du support enregistré documentaire et scientifique à tout support disponible à l’écoute. Dans un second temps, je m’efforcerai de décrire à travers des exemples personnels diverses manières d’utiliser une archive sonore dans une visée de création : littérale, abstraite ou par traitements acoustiques intermédiaires, me permettant de jouer avec les frontières perceptives et les représentations mentales du public, avec l’épaisseur originelle, historique, culturelle et territoriale de l’archive sonore.
Les nouvelles technologies se cantonnent-elles à « ajouter des pattes à un serpent » ? De l’apport des TAO et de la TA pour l’enseignement et la traduction des chengyu du chinois mandarin
Authors: Hayette Manon 
Published: November 2024

Les chengyu, unités phraséologiques formellement codifiées (majoritairement quadrisyllabiques) spécifiques au chinois mandarin (Conti, 2020 : 412), constituent une pierre d’achoppement pour les traducteurs, d’autant plus pour des étudiants pour qui les connaissances culturelles font défaut. Bien que ces expressions figées aient depuis toujours intéressé linguistes et lexicographes, ces derniers ne sont toujours pas parvenus à en donner une définition univoque.Dans les programmes d’enseignement de la langue chinoise et de la traduction, les chengyu restent le parent pauvre, et ce, malgré le fait que ces idiomes, bien que souvent issus de la littérature classique, fassent partie du langage courant. Ce manquement serait dû à un manque d’outils appropriés conduisant à une démotivation des enseignants (Guo, 2017 : 101).Après avoir offert une définition de travail des chengyu, nous présenterons, dans un objectif didactique, une étude pilote menée sur la traduction d’ouvrages de littérature chinoise contemporaine, visant à démontrer l’apport de la traduction assistée par ordinateur (notamment les outils d’analyse de corpus tels que Sketch Engine) ainsi que de la traduction automatique dans l’enseignement de la traduction. Enfin, nous montrerons comment exploiter également au mieux les données dégagées par les corpus pour améliorer les entrées des dictionnaires bilingues ZH-FR.
ESKAPE pathogen incidence and antibiotic resistance in patients with bloodstream infections at a referral hospital in Limpopo, South Africa, 2014–2019: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mthombeni Tiyani C. , Burger Johanita R. , Lubbe Martha S. , Julyan Marlene , Lekalakala-Mokaba Molebogeng R. 
Published: November 2024

Background: There is a paucity of research on the incidence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. (ESKAPE) pathogens in Africa because of the inadequate establishment of AMR surveillance systems.Objective: This study reports on the incidence and AMR of bloodstream ESKAPE pathogens at a referral hospital in northern South Africa.Methods: This retrospective descriptive study used routinely collected bloodstream isolates (pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using automated systems) from the South African National Health Laboratory Service, from January 2014 to December 2019. Resistant phenotypes analysed included methicillin-resistant S. aureus and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii.Results: The ESKAPE pathogen incidence rate was stable from 2014 to 2019 (p = 0.133). The most isolated pathogens were S. aureus (268/746; 35.9%) and A. baumannii (200/746; 26.8%). Staphylococcus aureus increased from 39 isolates in 2014 to 75 in 2019 (p = 0.132). The incidence rate of A. baumannii increased from 11.9% (16/134) in 2015 to 37.8% (68/180) in 2019 (p = 0.009). Most isolates (417/746; 55.9%) were from the neonatal ward. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii increased from 68.8% (11/16) in 2014 to 75.0% (51/68) in 2019 (p = 0.009). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus decreased from 56.0% (14/25) in 2016 to 17.3% (13/75) in 2019 (p = 0.260).Conclusion: Routine data provide essential information on the incidence of ESKAPE pathogens and AMR phenotypes, serving as a basis for an antibiogram, a surveillance tool in antibiotic stewardship programmes.What this study adds: The study provided local information on the incidence and AMR pattern of ESKAPE pathogens, which is essential when developing empiric treatment protocols for appropriate antibiotic prescribing and infection prevention and control practices.
From burning Judith Butler to Gilead: Michelle Bolsonaro’s anti-feminist and anti-gender discourse
Authors: Costin Fuser Marina 
Published: November 2024

As former president Jair Bolsonaro was declared ineligible to stand again, his wife, Michelle Bolsonaro, has become the far right’s new possible candidate to run in Brazil’s future presidential elections. In a speech at an event called by Jair Bolsonaro in February 2024, the former first lady gave a religiously motivated speech arguing for an end of the secular State. This article argues that the rapid, but not sudden, rise of evangelical fundamentalism becomes a barrier to the development of a democratic state. The discussion draws an analogy with Margaret Atwood’s dystopia in The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) of a totalitarian state governed by religious fundamentalism, which seems to take Bolsonaro’s speech to the last level. The analysis is augmented by Judith Butler’s most recent book: Who is afraid of gender (2024), highlighting some fundamental points around gender, feminism and democracy in light of Michelle Bolsonaro’s recent political speech.Contribution: The analysis in this article highlights some fundamental points around gender, feminism and democracy in light of Michelle Bolsonaro’s recent political speech.
Salvation and the Gospel of prosperity in Zimbabwe in view of its religious and cultural milieu
Authors: Masvotore Peter 
Published: November 2024

This study grapples with the perception of salvation in the health and wealth gospel, the contestations and prospects posed to the religious and cultural environment bedevilled in Zimbabwe. The wide-ranging understanding, escalation and dynamic setting of this health and wealth gospel is explored. Emphasis of the study is centred on crucial nuances of deliverance, instant health and getting rich quickly and how these traditions grow, its transportation from Global North to Global South particularly how this gospel settled in Zimbabwe. The gap to be filled is to explore whether prosperity gospel as given by its proponents in Zimbabwe saves or enslaves in other words, is it a wholistic gospel or a piece meal, sleeping tablet gospel. A desk research methodology of utilising prevailing information obtained from printed books, articles, journals as well as newspapers is used to explore reasons favouring the relocation of the gospel of prosperity to Zimbabwe. The economic, political and religious environment shall be critically evaluated in order to expose extenuating circumstances for its survival and expansion. In conclusion, the study shows that the health and wealth evangelism flourishes better amidst awful financial, unstable and corrupt governance condition of the state. It has been discovered that it takes advantage of the African Traditional Religion(s) that correlated very well to offer the instant, and temporal answer to the predicament of Zimbabwe.Contribution: To ongoing academic studies on prosperity gospel particularly to see that it blooms well in deplorable economic situations and takes advantage of African traditional beliefs that act as catalysts to the crisis. The study also contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), one and two aiming to terminate poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for everyone by 2030.
Comparing the Efficacy of Escitalopram with and without Crocin in Restoring I/O Functions and LTP within the Hippocampal CA1 Region of Stressed Rats
Authors: Joodaki Mehran , Radahmadi Maryam , Alaei Hojjatallah 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Escitalopram, a pharmacological compound, and crocin, the active compound of saffron, influence brain functions and serotonin levels. This study examined the efficacy of escitalopram with and without crocin in restoring the input-output (I/O) functions and long-term potentiation (LTP) within the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of stressed rats.

Materials and Methods:
Rats were divided into six groups: control (Co), sham (Sh), stress-recovery (St-Rec), stress-escitalopram (St-Esc), stress-crocin (St-Cr), and stress-escitalopram-crocin (St-Esc-Cr) groups. They underwent 14 days of restraint stress (6 h/day). After being subjected to stress, they received 14 days of escitalopram (20 mg/kg) and crocin (30 mg/kg), as well as co-administration of these two compounds during the next 14 days. The field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope and amplitude were measured using I/O functions and LTP induction in the CA1 region. Corticosterone (CORT) levels were also evaluated.

Results:
The fEPSPs slope and amplitude in the I/O functions and LTP induction significantly decreased in stressed rats without therapeutic intervention. These variables in the I/O functions declined in rats with escitalopram administration alone. All electrophysiological parameters showed an increase in rats treated with crocin alone compared to stressed subjects without any treatment. Serum CORT levels decreased only with crocin treatment for stressed rats.

Conclusion:
Neural excitability and memory within the CA1 region were severely disrupted among stressed rats without any treatment. Furthermore, administering crocin alone improved neural excitability and memory post-chronic stress. Treatment with escitalopram alone also impaired neural excitability within the CA1 region. The use of escitalopram with and without crocin did not enhance memory under chronic stress.
Do Exercise and Magnesium Sulfate Improve Infertility Caused by Lithium Carbonate in Male Rats?
Authors: Shoghi Elham , Miri Saideh , Maghool Fatemeh , Niazi Abbas Ali , Fanaei Hamed , Niyazi Parsa , Chahkandi Mohadeseh , Parsi-Mood Abolfazl , Bagheri Hossein , Safari Tahereh 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Lithium (Li) is widely used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, but it may lead to toxicity in the reproductive system. Considering the harmful effect of Li consumption on fertility and the positive effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSo4) and moderate-intensity training (MIT) on improving the quality of men’s sperm, the current research was conducted to determine the impact of MIT and MgSo4 on infertility caused by Li.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-two male rats were divided into 12 groups, control, Li10 mg/kg/day/ip, MgSo4 80 mg/kg/day/ip; MIT; Li40 mg/kg/day/ip; Li10+MgSo4; Li10+MIT; Li10+MgSo4+MIT; Li40+MgSo4; Li40+MIT; Li40+MgSo4+MIT. All animals received the drugs every day. The groups under the exercise protocol followed this program for 42 days (6 weeks). Total sperm count, sperm concentration, total motility, and progressive motility were analyzed. A blood sample was taken from the heart to quantify testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Results:
Li40 mg/kg decreased the progressive motility and quantity of sperms together with nonprogressive motility and immobile sperms increased significantly. Administration of MgSo4 and MIT alone and simultaneously led to a significant improvement in the above mentioned parameters. Li40 mg/kg reduced the serum level of testosterone and LH compared to the control group. On the other hand, the administration of MgSo4 and MIT together with Li40 (Li40+MgSo4+MIT) did not have any effect on serum testosterone levels.

Conclusions:
Li probably causes damage to reproductive functions by affecting the antioxidant system. However, MgSo4 and MIT reduce the impacts of Li on the reproductive system and improved its performance.
Evaluation of the Frequency of Migraine and CVA Patients Based on Circle of Willis Morphological Variations in MRA Images
Authors: Eftekhari Moghadam Ali Reza , Absalan Forouzan , Khatavian Ehsan , Jalilian Milad , Maghsoudi Fatemeh 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The Circle of Willis (CoW) forms a critical collateral route for the compensation pathway at the basal cistern of the brain. This study aims to determine if migraine headaches and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are associated with the prevalence and patterns of CoW arterial variations seen in the three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography technique in patients.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was undertaken by a systemic search of electronic databases in the Imaging Center, Abadan’s Taleghani Hospital, Iran, from March 2020 to March 2022. Data on the prevalence of variations in patients who presented for screening for migraine and CVA were extracted and analyzed with Student t-test and the Chi-square method.

Results:
Findings show complete CoW has been visible in 20.19% of our patients. The anterior part of the CoW was almost intact in all patients. The posterior part of CoW was mostly bilaterally hypoplastic (31.73%) or bilateral aplastic (29.81%) and in some rare cases unilaterally varied. In migraine patients, CoW was rarely in its classic form (15%) and was varied bilaterally in 72.5% of the cases. In CVA patients, CoW was in its complete vascular structure in 23.08% and bilaterally varied in 46.15% of all cases.

Conclusions:
Overall, migraine and CVA are associated with anatomical variations in the posterior portions of the CoW. Further larger prospective trials are needed to determine the true prevalence of CoW variations and their pathological significance.
A Rare Case of Anomalous Abdominal Aorta and Absent Right Common Iliac Artery with Review of Literature
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Varier Arjun B , Ali Wasif Mohammad , Rabbani Syed Shamayal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anomalies in distal abdominal aorta and iliac arteries are seldom encountered. We report a case of a 48-year-old male who presented with right flank pain and was subsequently diagnosed as a case of right pyonephrosis with nonfunctioning kidney and was planned for the right nephrectomy. A routine preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a rare anomaly of the abdominal aorta with an aberrant vessel and absent right common iliac artery for which we had to cautiously plan the surgery.
Coronary Subclavian Steal Syndrome Presenting as Acute Angina in a Postcoronary Artery Bypass Patient: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Jha Rakesh Kumar , Gupta Anshul Prakash , Anand Subramaniam , Dutta Rohit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
“Coronary subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS)” refers to a clinical condition, exclusively seen in postcoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients, in whom the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) has been used as a native graft to bypass the coronary lesion and to supply the left anterior descending artery. If such patients develop critical stenosis of the subclavian artery proximal to the LIMA graft, there is a reversal of blood flow in the LIMA graft, leading to reduction in the territorial blood supply of the heart. This results in stable or unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and even sudden cardiac death. Considering the seriousness of CSSS, early diagnosis and timely management are warranted to prevent future complications. Hereby, we report a case of the post-CABG patient, who was initially admitted under cardiology care with acute coronary syndrome, later on, diagnosed as CSSS, and managed successfully by percutaneous endovascular intervention.
A rare variant of DAX1 mutation presenting with primary adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Devi Konsam Biona , Baruah Mintu Mani , Nagendra Trupti Prasad , Hussain Sadam , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Walia Rama 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

DAX1 mutation causes X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) in boys. Onset of adrenal insufficiency (AI) usually precedes the diagnosis of HH. Likewise, our patient was first diagnosed with primary AI at the age of 8 years and later presented at 21 years of age with poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. The hormonal evaluation was suggestive of low luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone, suggestive of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). The possibility of DAX1 mutation was considered. Subsequently, whole-exome sequencing revealed a rare variant, NR0B1; c.881T>C (p.Leu294Pro), confirming our diagnosis. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required in patients with a past history of AI who present with pubertal delay, in whom early initiation of gonadotropins results in favorable outcomes in terms of fertility. Monitoring pubertal development is important during follow-up because early recognition can help in proper management.
Synchronous Paget’s disease of bone, metastatic breast cancer, and acute Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot: Diagnostic and treatment challenges
Authors: Ghosh Jayaditya , Das Liza , Subin S. , Rastogi Ashu , Aggarwal Piyush , Singh Harmandeep , Sinha Anindita , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Paget’s disease of bone (PD) and Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) are rare conditions involving osteoclast activation and increased bone turnover. PD commonly affects the tibia, while CN affects foot bones. Though PD and skeletal metastases from breast carcinoma have co-occurred, the simultaneous presence of PD, CN, and skeletal metastases from breast carcinoma is unprecedented. A middle-aged female with type 2 diabetes presented with symptoms of pain, swelling, and inflammation in the right leg and foot. Diagnostic imaging suggested PD and acute CN. Despite treatment with zoledronic acid, there was no improvement. Later, she developed firm skin lesions and a breast lump, diagnosed as breast carcinoma with cutaneous metastasis. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and monthly zoledronic acid were administered. Follow-up imaging showed reduced tibial lesions but persistent skeletal metastases. This case underscores the complexities in diagnosis and management of patients with these concurrent conditions and highlights the need for thorough examination when standard therapies fail.