bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Simulation–Optimization for Sustainable Groundwater Management: A Critical Review
Authors: Mishra Shreyansh , Gaur Shishir , Kacem Mariem , Ohri Anurag 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSimulation–optimization (S–O) is a well‐regarded method for solving groundwater (GW) management problems. Although S–O has significantly improved the decision support system for GW management, it still lacks practical applicability. As a result, many researchers have been improving its components, leading to slightly or significantly better performance. To understand these challenges efficiently, this article delves into principal components of S–O that offer in‐depth critical insights into GW's sustainability. The discussed segments are divided into simulation models, optimization methods, categories and conceptualization of management problems, and the formulation of real‐world objective functions. This review also examines surrogate‐assisted simulation models to reduce computational challenges. Methods to address model uncertainty and decision‐making in applying S–O for sustained yield problems are addressed. The review outlays critical steps in S–O methodology and recommends potential research directions to aid researchers in further enhancing the practicality of S–O.
Delineating Potential Groundwater Recharge Zones in the Semi‐Arid Eastern Plains of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Garg Vipin , Kumar Manish , Dashora Milap , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Amit , Kumar Alok 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSurface and subsurface anomalies, hydrological conditions, and dynamic interactions between embedded thematic layers influence groundwater recharge potential (GRP). Conducting a GRP study plays an essential role in promoting the sustainable use of groundwater resources amid a growing population and unplanned urbanization. This study focuses on assessing GRP in the semi‐arid eastern plains of Rajasthan by delineating groundwater potential zones (GPZs) using an integrated approach involving remote sensing and geographical information system (RS‐GIS) technique and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Research findings indicate that the region dominated by fine sand, silt and clay, pediment‐pediplain complex, aeolian sand sheet, higher drainage density, cambisols soil, river channels, floodplains, water bodies, soil hydraulic conductivity and higher surface wetness significantly contributed to good recharge potential in plains of the region. Additionally, lineaments, hills and valleys regulate water movement. A strong negative correlation (–0.78) between decadal‐mean‐depth fluctuation and GPZs frequency classes validates identifying high potential zones in areas with low mean‐depth fluctuation. Sensitivity analysis highlights geology and geomorphology as crucial factors. However, the study addresses potential limitations and challenges, such as data scaling and spatial resolution issues due to nonlinear pixel fusion algorithms and AHP method‐related limitations in model interpretation. The current study presents a convenient approach for improving groundwater resource management in hydrogeologically sensitive and drought‐prone regions.
Discovery of Novel Pyrido[2,3‐b]Pyrazine Human Cytomegalovirus Polymerase Inhibitors with Broad Spectrum Antiherpetic Activity and Reduced hERG Inhibition
Authors: Bai Bing , Srinivas Kandadai Appan , Hena Mostofa , Belovodskiy Alexandr , Shen John , Houghton Michael , Nieman James A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of non‐nucleoside inhibitors targeting human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) polymerase presents a promising approach for enhancing therapeutic treatment for patients with sustained HCMV viremia. A series of non‐nucleoside HCMV DNA polymerase inhibitors with various substitution groups at 2‐postition of the novel pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazine core was synthesized and investigated. The study focused on optimizing HCMV polymerase inhibition while minimizing off‐target inhibition of human ether‐à‐go‐go (hERG) ion channel. Several compounds exhibited strong antiviral activity against HCMV (typical EC50<1 μM), with favorable cytotoxicity profiles. A potent lead compound, 27, with an EC50 of 0.33 μM and improved aqueous solubility was identified. Further antiviral assessments revealed the potential of select compounds to target a broad spectrum of herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV‐1, HSV‐2) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV).
Supraspinal Plasticity of Axonal Projections From the Motor Cortex After Spinal Cord Injury in Macaques
Authors: Ueno Satoko , Yamaguchi Reona , Isa Kaoru , Kawasaki Toshinari , Mitsuhashi Masahiro , Kobayashi Kenta , Takahashi Jun , Isa Tadashi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDuring recovery following spinal cord injury in the macaque, the sensorimotor cortex on the same side as the injury (ipsilesional, unaffected) becomes activated and plays a role in guiding movements of the affected hand. Effective regulation of these movements by the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex would depend not only on its ability to send motor commands directly to target muscles but also on coordinated functioning with higher‐level motor planning systems such as the cortico‐basal ganglia and cortico‐cerebellar loops. In this study, using anterograde viral tracers, we analyzed the axonal trajectories of corticofugal fibers from the contralesional (affected) primary motor cortex (M1) at the brainstem level in two macaque monkeys with sub‐hemisection spinal cord injury at the mid‐cervical level. They showed considerable recovery of grasping movements after injury. We found an increase in axonal projections from the contralesional M1 to the contralateral putamen, ipsilateral lateral reticular nucleus, and contralateral pontine nucleus compared to projections from the ipsilesional (unaffected) M1. We propose that these increased projections from the contralesional M1 to the striatum and precerebellar nuclei on the nondominant side may function to recruit the ipsilesional M1 through the cortico‐basal ganglia and cortico‐cerebellar loops to control hand movements on the affected side during recovery.
Hydrothermally Synthesized Bi‐Cr‐Te Nanocomposites With Enhanced Nonlinear Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Supriya S. , Mallik M. , Parida A. , Naik R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study highlights the importance of exploring BiCrTe nanocomposites to uncover their distinctive properties and potential applications. Three BiCrTe samples were synthesized using hydrothermal methods by varying the concentrations of Bi and Cr while maintaining a constant Te content. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of Bi₂Te₃ and Cr₂Te₃ phases, supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. A reduction in Bi content led to smaller crystallite sizes. Raman spectroscopy revealed characteristic vibrational modes associated with Bi₂Te₃ and Cr. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed the nanoparticle‐like morphology of the composites. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided detailed surface composition and electronic structure data, verifying the presence of all constituent elements. UV‐Vis spectroscopy demonstrated a blueshift in absorbance with decreasing Bi content, with bandgap (Eg) values ranging from 3.31 to 3.61 eV. This increase in bandgap correlated with a reduction in refractive index (n). Nonlinear optical (NLO) studies revealed two‐photon absorption behavior, along with a positive nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), third‐order susceptibility (χ (3)), and refractive index (n2). These findings indicate that BiCrTe nanocomposites hold significant promise for advanced optoelectronic applications.
Incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with an insertable cardiac monitor and symptomatic heart failure
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Zile Michael R. , Kahwash Rami , Sarkar Shantanu , Van Dorn Brian , Koehler Jodi , Franco Noreli , Gerritse Bart , Butler Javed 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsWe aim to evaluate the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a large real‐world cohort of patients implanted with an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) who had a clinical history of symptomatic heart failure (HF) with reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).MethodsPatients with an ICM and a history of HF events were identified from the Optum® de‐identified Electronic Health Record dataset merged with an ICM device dataset collected during 2007–2021. All ICM‐detected AF episodes that were available with ≥30‐s of ECG at onset were adjudicated using artificial intelligence (AI model). Episodes with AI model probability of AF ≥ 0.9 were analysed. The Kaplan–Meier incidence of AF as a function of episode duration, history of AF, and LVEF were assessed.ResultsA total of 1020 patients with ICM were identified of whom 911 had ≥180 days of follow‐up and were included. According to the AI model, 358 patients had 8407 episodes of true AF. Incidence of AF at 42 months was 45.6% (44.1% vs. 46.8% in reduced vs. preserved LVEF). Incidence of new‐onset AF was 23.2% (23.3% vs. 22.2% in reduced vs. preserved LVEF) in patients with no clinical history of AF. Patients with new‐onset AF had a higher HF event rate compared with patients who had no clinical history of AF and did not develop AF during follow‐up [OR = 2.73 (1.47–5.09); P = 0.002]. Patients with preserved LVEF had more longer duration paroxysmal AF compared with those with reduced LVEF (44.5% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.02).ConclusionsAF was observed in almost half of patients with ICM and symptomatic HF. One‐fourth of the patients had new onset AF and a higher rate of HF events compared with patients without AF. AF incidence was similar in patients with preserved and reduced LVEF.
Establishing Gold Standard Assessment for Young Onset Dementia: A Modified E‐Delphi Consensus Survey Based in Australia
Authors: Lau Josyane , Cations Monica , O'Malley Mary , Stamou Vasileios , Oyebode Jan R. , Parkes Jacqueline H. , Carter Janet , Loi Samantha M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesA modified e‐Delphi was used to explore subject‐expert consensus to create a minimum & gold standard assessment for young‐onset dementia (YOD) for clinicians based in Australia.MethodsA list of 72 statements adapted from an international study, O'Malley et al. 2020, was included in an online survey that was distributed to clinical experts in the field. Respondents were asked to rate statements on a Likert scale of 1–7 (ranging from ‘1’ being ‘not at all important’ to ‘7’ being ‘absolutely essential’). The mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for each statement. Full consensus, designated as ‘minimum standard’ was defined as 100% of respondents rating statement(s) as ‘absolutely essential’ (7) or ‘very important’ (6), while high consensus, designated as ‘gold standard’ was defined as 80% (16 out of 20) of respondents rating statement(s) as either ‘absolutely essential’ or ‘very important’ in the assessment for YOD. The statements that had overall mean scores below 6 did not reach consensus.ResultsFull consensus was achieved on 13 statements (‘minimum standard’), 80% consensus was reached on 37 statements (‘gold standard’), and no consensus was reached on 35 statements. Most clinicians agreed that the diagnosis of YOD is largely based on history, with less emphasis placed on aspects of the examination and investigations conducted. History of first‐degree family members with YOD and any past psychiatric symptoms were reported to be potential triggers for a YOD diagnosis. There was agreement that the routine dementia blood screen and baseline structural imaging should be a part of the diagnostic assessment criteria of YOD. Comparisons were made between the results of this Australian‐based study to the original international study, which found that 55/72 statements (76%) were similarly rated.ConclusionsBased on the results of this modified e‐Delphi study, full and high consensus was reached on 37 statements which were comparable to results in an international study. This suggests that in general, clinicians in Australia have agreement with international experts about what is important for the assessment and diagnosis of YOD. Because the statements used in the international study were used in this Australian study, consideration of what issues may be specific to the Australian context such as YOD in Aboriginal Australians and rurality may have not been ascertained. In spite of this, these results may be useful to aid clinicians in their assessment for YOD but consensus statements may change over time as development in knowledge and available tests increases.
Women Autonomy in Health Care Decision Making and Associated Factors Among Postpartum Women in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Haile Addisalem , Lonsako Arega Abebe , Kebede Fekadu Abera , Adisu Aklilu , Elias Amanuel , Kasse Tsehaynew 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsWomen's autonomy in healthcare decision‐making is crucial for improving maternal and child health. Despite its importance, there is limited evidence on autonomous healthcare decision making particularly in postpartum women. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of postpartum women's autonomy in healthcare decision making and its associated factors in Chencha town, Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 617 postpartum women in southern Ethiopia from October 1 to November 30, 2023. A study participants were selected by a simple random sampling technique. The data were collected through pretested and interviewer administered questionnaire. Following coding and entry into Epi‐data version 3.1, the data were exported into statistical package for social science software (SPSS version 26) for analysis. A logistic regression model was fitted and, variables with p < 0.05 were declared to be significantly associated with women autonomy in healthcare decision‐making.ResultsIn this study, 61.6% of postpartum women have autonomous in their health care decision making with 95% confidence interval (CI): 57.4, 65.3. Women age over 35 years (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.7, 6.0), enrollment in community‐based health insurance (AOR = 1.5 95% CI: 1.0, 2.3), having four and above antenatal care visits (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.8), using skilled delivery service (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 2.9, 6.6), having primary educational level (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI: 3.0, 8.0), and secondary and above educational level (AOR = 5, 95% CI: 3.1, 8.0) were positively associated with women autonomy in health care decision making.ConclusionThis study revealed that majority of postpartum women were autonomous in their healthcare decision making. Maternal age, educational status, enrollment in community‐based health insurance, having frequent ANC follow‐up and using skilled delivery service were factors significantly associated with women's autonomy. Focus should be given to improve women antenatal care follow‐up and the enrollment of community‐based health insurance.
Associations of chronic liver disease and liver cancer with glyphosate and its metabolites in Thailand
Authors: Patel Daxesh P. , Loffredo Christopher A. , Pupacdi Benjarath , Rabibhadana Siritida , Navasumrit Panida , Chaisaingmongkol Jittiporn , Toulabi Leila , Haznadar Majda , Dalal Bhavik , Khan Mohammed , Stone Joshua , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Lertprasertsuke Nirush , Chotirosniramit Anon , Pairojkul Chawalit , Auewarakul Chirayu U. , Sricharunrat Thaniya , Phornphutkul Kannika , Sangrajrang Suleeporn , Budhu Anuradha , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Wang Xin W. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Ruchirawat Mathuros , Harris Curtis C. ,   the TIGER‐LC Consortium
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine], a systemic herbicide, is used globally (825 million kg/year) in 750+ formulations. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified glyphosate is a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A), but epidemiological studies have been lacking for its association with liver cancer and chronic liver disease. We analyzed urine specimens from 591 patients with newly diagnosed liver cancer, chronic liver disease (CLD), and healthy individuals from five different medical centers between 2011 to 2016 in Thailand. Gas chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (GC‐ESI/MS) was used to quantify glyphosate and its metabolites, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and phosphoric acid (PPA) to study their levels in urine of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and CLD patients in comparison to matched healthy individuals. Significantly higher levels of glyphosate were found in CLD patients compared to HCC cases and hospital controls, while significantly elevated levels of both AMPA and PPA were observed in HCC and CLD patients compared to hospital controls. Glyphosate and its metabolites were also detected at low to moderately high levels in convenience samples of food products and drinking water. These results raise concerns about the potential role of glyphosate in chronic liver disease and liver cancer risk.
Hybrid materials based on covalent organic frameworks for photocatalysis
Authors: Wei Shunhang , Hou Ruipeng , Zhu Qiong , Shakir Imran , Fang Zebo , Duan Xiangfeng , Xu Yuxi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) feature π‐conjugated structure, high porosity, structural regularity, large specific surface area, and good stability, being considered as ideal platform for photocatalytic application. Although single COFs have achieved significant progress in photocatalysis benefiting from their distinctive properties, the COFs‐based hybrids provide an extraordinary opportunity to achieve superior photocatalytic performance. From the perspective of carrier transfer mechanism, a systematic summary of hybrids based on COFs and other functional materials (metal single atoms, metal clusters/nanoparticles, inorganic semiconductors, metal–organic frameworks, and other polymers) can offer valuable guidance for the design of COFs‐based hybrids. In this review, the photocatalytic mechanism for hybrid materials (such as Schottky junction, type II heterojunction, Z‐scheme heterojunction, and S‐scheme heterojunction) is briefly introduced. Subsequently, the performance of COFs‐based hybrids in photocatalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation are comprehensively reviewed. Specifically, the carrier separation and transfer in different types of hybrids are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospects of COFs‐based hybrids for photocatalysis are envisaged. The insights presented in this review are expected to be helpful in the rational design of COFs‐based hybrids to obtain outstanding photocatalytic activity.image
Efficiency and consumer welfare under retail electricity deregulation: Analysis of Ohio's retail choice markets
Authors: Dormady Noah , Welch William , Ji Yufan , Pedron Stephanie , Shafieezadeh Abdollah , Lamadrid Alberto , Hoyt Matthew , Fox Samantha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMany critical infrastructure services operate under either price regulation or deregulated systems. The grand policy experiment of deregulation has been heavily studied, but evaluations have been limited at the retail level where end‐user prices are often difficult to obtain. This paper presents an in‐depth look at the retail market for electricity in a retail deregulated, or restructured, market—Ohio. We build and introduce a comprehensive SQL database of every daily filed retail electricity offer over a 9‐year period of study, over two‐million records. We integrate this data with other external data sources and conduct a detailed descriptive analysis of market prices as observed by end consumers at the retail level. We find that the lion's share of “competitive” retail electricity choice offers are more costly to consumers than the utility's default service rate and have higher markups over the wholesale price, and we find that when prices exceed the default rate they do so by a considerably larger margin than when consumers observe savings. We also find that even well‐informed consumers are able to find a welfare‐improving rate relative to the default rate between only 43% and 59% of the time. We conclude with a discussion of implications and root economic causes of the efficiency and consumer welfare problems we observe.
Red blood cell transfusion and the use of intravenous iron in iron‐deficient patients presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Thomas Kevin , Barghi Arvand , Balshaw Robert , Rimmer Emily , Leeies Murdoch , Houston Donald S. , Garland Allan , Zarychanski Ryan , Houston Brett L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsRed blood cell transfusions are often used to treat iron‐deficient patients in the emergency department (ED), while treatment with intravenous (IV) iron is preferred, as it increases hemoglobin concentration rapidly and durably. We aim to evaluate the incidence of iron deficiency anemia, frequency of blood transfusion and iron supplementation, and factors associated with blood transfusion in the ED.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients presenting to the St. Boniface Hospital (Winnipeg, Canada) ED from 2014 to 2018. Electronic data obtained from the Emergency Department Information System and Laboratory Information Services databases identified patients presenting with iron deficiency anemia, defined as microcytic (mean corpuscular volume < 75 fL) anemia (hemoglobin < 120 g/L) with either a transferrin saturation <20% or ferritin < 30 µmol/L. Ferritin > 100 µmol excluded iron deficiency anemia. The use of blood transfusions or iron supplementation was determined for each patient. Factors associated with blood transfusion were determined using logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf 39,222 patients, 17,945 (45%) were anemic. In anemic patients, iron parameters were ordered in 1848 (10.3%) and iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed in 910 (5.1%). Ninety‐five patients (10.4%) received one red blood cell unit, and 197 patients (21.6%) received ≥2 units. Oral iron and IV iron were prescribed for 64 (7.0%) and 14 (1.5%) patients, respectively. Hemoglobin concentration was the main determinant for treatment with blood transfusion.ConclusionsIron deficiency is underinvestigated among anemic patients presenting to the ED. The only clinical factor associated with red blood cell transfusion in the ED was hemoglobin level, irrespective of symptoms or clinical stability.
Biofabrication of rhamnolipid biosurfactant for nanoparticle stabilization and chitosan immobilized lipase: A green detergent additive
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Debnath Mousumi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiosurfactants prevent agglomeration of nanoparticles by reducing the surface tension and offer stability over time by forming a stable layer on the surface of nanoparticles. The current study focuses on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNP) coated with a rhamnolipid biosurfactant (BS) and its use as an additive in fabric cleaning detergent. Rhamnolipids were extracted from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain, Pa84, that was isolated from a halophilic environment, Sambhar Salt Lake, Rajasthan, India. The reduction of silver ions was achieved by the rhamnolipid‐coated SNP (BS‐SNP). BS, SNP, and BS‐SNP demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against a variety of microorganisms. Lipase, present in the crude biosurfactant, was immobilized on modified chitosan microbeads (Ch‐BS‐SNP) and used for washing fabrics. The conjugate was found to be effective as a laundry detergent additive. The immobilized lipase showed high relative activity ranging from 66% to 110% and performed better than free lipase or standards. Our results highlight a potential claim for a commercially viable laundry detergent additive.