bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating cancer patient–reported outcome measures: Readability and implications for clinical use
Authors: Papadakos Janet K. , Charow Rebecca C. , Papadakos Christine J. , Moody Lesley J. , Giuliani Meredith E. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe benefits of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are well known; however, their readability has come into question because multiple PROMs have been found to be incomprehensible to patients. This is a critical safety and equity consideration because PROMs are increasingly being integrated into routine clinical practice. A key strategy for promoting patient comprehension is the use of plain language. The aim of this study was to determine whether PROMs routinely used in the cancer setting meet plain‐language best practices.MethodsTo report the plain‐language level of each PROM, readability (Fry Readability Graph, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, Flesch Reading Ease, and FORCAST) and understandability assessments (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool [PEMAT] for Printable Materials) were performed. PROMs at grade level 6 or lower and with PEMAT scores greater than 80% were considered to meet plain‐language best practices. PROMs were divided into 4 domains (physical, emotional, social, and quality of life) and 17 dimensions (eg, pain was a dimension of the physical domain). A subanalysis was conducted to determine whether specific domains and dimensions were more likely to adhere to plain‐language best practices.ResultsMore than half of the 45 PROMs evaluated (n = 33 [73%]) had a grade level higher than 6. Understandability scores ranged from 29% to 100%. The majority of the PROMs that did not meet plain‐language best practices were within the physical and emotional domains and focused on the patient’s symptom experience.ConclusionsThis evaluation shows that more than half of the most commonly used cancer PROMs do not meet plain‐language best practices. Practice implications include the necessity for plain‐language assessment during the PROM validation process, the consideration of plain language in PROM selection, and plain‐language review and editing of low‐scoring PROMs.
Association between age and sex and mortality after adjuvant therapy for renal cancer
Authors: Mamtani Ronac , Wang Xin Victoria , Gyawali Bishal , DiPaola Robert S. , Epperson C. Neill , Haas Naomi B. , Dutcher Janice P. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundIn phase 3 trials of patients with resected high‐risk renal cell carcinoma, adjuvant sunitinib has demonstrated no overall survival (OS) benefit, an uncertain disease‐free survival (DFS) benefit, and increased toxicity versus placebo. To identify patients who may derive benefit or harm from adjuvant therapy, the authors assessed the effects of age and sex on treatment outcomes in the phase 3 Adjuvant Sorafenib or Sunitinib for Unfavorable Renal Cancer (ASSURE) trial.MethodsThe authors conducted a post hoc subgroup analysis of age and sex among patients in the ASSURE trial. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and DFS were evaluated with sunitinib or sorafenib versus placebo in 4 patient subgroups defined by sex and median age at the time of the study.ResultsSunitinib treatment was associated with decreased OS (HR, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.29‐3.80) among women aged >56 years, but not in women aged ≤56 years or men of any age. Similar associations with age and sex were observed for DFS, but these were not statistically significant (women aged >56 years: HR, 1.41 [95% confidence interval, 0.94‐2.10]). No such association was found for sorafenib. The interaction by age and sex on mortality was found to be statistically significant for sunitinib (P = .01), but not sorafenib (P = .10).ConclusionsAdjuvant sunitinib may increase mortality among older women with renal cell carcinoma. Given the recent approval of adjuvant sunitinib for patients with high‐risk resected renal cell carcinoma, additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Effect of Size of Giant Component for actor node selection in WSANs: A comparison study
Authors: Elmazi Donald , Cuka Miralda , Ikeda Makoto , Barolli Leonard 
Published: January 2019

SummaryWireless Sensor and Actor Network (WSAN) is formed by the collaboration of micro‐sensor and actor nodes. Whenever there is any special event, ie, fire, earthquake, flood or enemy attack in the network, sensor nodes have responsibility to sense it and send information towards an actor node. The actor node is responsible to take prompt decision and react accordingly. In this work, we propose and implement two Fuzzy Based Systems (FBS): FBS1 and FBS2 for actor selection in WSANs. Different from FBS1, in FBS2, we added the Size of Giant Component (SGC) as new parameter. The systems decide whether the actor will be selected for the required job or not, based on data supplied by sensors and actual actor condition. We evaluated the proposed system by computer simulations. Comparing FBS1 with FBS2, we can see that SGC parameter that is used in FBS2 gives to the system a better performance due to the growth of SGC parameter.
Interactions of Hydrogen with Pd@MOF Composites
Authors: Malouche Abdelmalek , Zlotea Claudia , Szilágyi Petra Ágota 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhysisorption and chemisorption of hydrogen on solid‐state materials are two fundamentally different interactions, both of which display advantages and drawbacks for hydrogen storage. It has been hypothesised that their combination by merging two classes of materials showing different sorption behaviour towards hydrogen in the same composite may synergistically combine their desirable properties. As representatives of such composites, palladium nanoparticles, nanoclusters, and single atoms have been encapsulated in a metal‐organic framework matrix, embedded, or immobilised in its pores, respectively. In this minireview, we review advances on the understanding and potential applications of the combination of Pd with metal‐organic framework matrices through the analysis of the nanocomposite materials’ interaction with hydrogen and sorption properties.
Liberating Native Mass Spectrometry from Dependence on Volatile Salt Buffers by Use of Gábor Transform
Authors: Cleary Sean P. , Prell James S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVolatile salts, such as ammonium acetate, are commonly used in buffers for the analysis of intact proteins and protein complexes in native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Although these solutions are not technically buffers near pH 7, the volatile nature of the salt minimizes ion adduction to proteins upon transfer to vacuum. Conversely, common biochemical salt buffers, such as Tris/NaCl, are not traditionally used in native mass spectrometry because of the tendency of sodium and other ions to adduct to proteins or form large cluster ions, severely frustrating accurate mass assignment. Here, we demonstrate a Gábor transform method for extracting signal from native‐like protein ions even in the presence of a large salt‐cluster background. We further show the utility of this method in characterizing polymers and show that the measured average mass of long‐chain polyethylene glycol ions from a commercial polymer sample is ∼30 % higher than the manufacturer‐estimated average mass. It is expected that this method will enable more widespread use of conventional biochemical buffers in native mass spectrometry and decrease dependence on volatile salts.
Grafting Copper and Gallium Corroles onto Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Berionni Berna Beatrice , Savoldelli Andrea , Pomarico Giuseppe , Zurlo Francesca , Magna Gabriele , Paolesse Roberto , Fronczek Frank R. , Smith Kevin M. , Nardis Sara 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo different copper and gallium arylcorroles have been functionalized using the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction. A further Knoevenagel reaction with cyanoacetic acid was performed on both complexes, affording the desired products with yields above 90 %. The newly synthesized compounds have been thoroughly characterized by a combination of spectroscopic methods, optical analyses, and X‐ray crystallography. Moreover, they have been tested as anchoring groups for the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. The morphology of the heterogeneous composites has been studied by SEM, EDS and fluorescence microscopy analyses, thus confirming the presence of the corrole macrocycle in the hybrid material.
Nuclear FGFR2 regulates musculoskeletal integration within the developing limb
Authors: Salva Joanna E. , Roberts Ryan R. , Stucky Taylor S. , Merrill Amy E. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundBent bone dysplasia syndrome (BBDS), a congenital skeletal disorder caused by dominant mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), is characterized by bowed long bones within the limbs. We previously showed that the FGFR2 mutations in BBDS enhance nuclear and nucleolar localization of the receptor; however, exactly how shifts in subcellular distribution of FGFR2 affect limb development remained unknown.ResultsTargeted expression of the BBDS mutations in the lateral plate mesoderm of the developing chick induced angulated hindlimbs, a hallmark feature of the disease. Whole‐mount analysis of the underlying skeleton revealed bent long bones with shortened bone collars and, in severe cases, dysmorphic epiphyses. Epiphyseal changes were also correlated with joint dislocations and contractures. Histological analysis revealed that bent long bones and joint defects were closely associated with irregularities in skeletal muscle patterning and tendon‐to‐bone attachment. The spectrum of limb phenotypes induced by the BBDS mutations were recapitulated by targeted expression of wild‐type FGFR2 appended with nuclear and nucleolar localization signals.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the bent long bones in BBDS arise from disruptions in musculoskeletal integration and that increased nuclear and nucleolar localization of FGFR2 plays a mechanistic role in the disease phenotype. 248:233‐246, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Embryological development of Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae)
Authors: Iungman Josefina L. , Molinero María N. , Simoncini Melina S. , Piña Carlos I. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryHere we describe the embryonic development of Salvator merianae external morphologic features, as based on observation of 28 embryos across different days of incubation at 31 ± 0.5°C. Observed developmental stages were grouped and classified into the early, middle, and late periods. The early period (Stages 3–11) is distinguished by the origin of the encephalic vesicles, sensory placodes, pharyngeal arches, and degree of body flexion and rotation. The medium period (Stages 8–15) is distinguished by limb differentiation and by cranium‐facial characteristics. The late period (Stages 15–18) is determined by scale patterns, pigmentation, and embryo growth.
Spatial ecology of a range‐expanding bumble bee pollinator
Authors: Crowther Liam P. , Wright David J. , Richardson David S. , Carvell Claire , Bourke Andrew F. G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMolecular methods have greatly increased our understanding of the previously cryptic spatial ecology of bumble bees (Bombus spp.), with knowledge of the spatial ecology of these bees being central to conserving their essential pollination services. Bombus hypnorum, the Tree Bumble Bee, is unusual in that it has recently rapidly expanded its range, having colonized much of the UK mainland since 2001. However, the spatial ecology of B. hypnorum has not previously been investigated. To address this issue, and to investigate whether specific features of the spatial ecology of B. hypnorum are associated with its rapid range expansion, we used 14 microsatellite markers to estimate worker foraging distance, nest density, between‐year lineage survival rate and isolation by distance in a representative UK B. hypnorum population. After assigning workers to colonies based on full or half sibship, we estimated the mean colony‐specific worker foraging distance as 103.6 m, considerably less than values reported from most other bumble bee populations. Estimated nest density was notably high (2.56 and 0.72 colonies ha−1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively), estimated between‐year lineage survival rate was 0.07, and there was no evidence of fine‐scale isolation by distance. In addition, genotyping stored sperm dissected from sampled queens confirmed polyandry in this population (mean minimum mating frequency of 1.7 males per queen). Overall, our findings establish critical spatial ecological parameters and the mating system of this unusual bumble bee population and suggest that short worker foraging distances and high nest densities are associated with its rapid range expansion.
Accuracy improvement of functional attribute recognition by dense CRF considering object shape
Authors: Iizuka Masaki , Akizuki Shuichi , Hashimoto Manabu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method to recognize functional attributes of everyday objects for vision system of partner robots. On the related research, there is a method to optimize recognition result with dense (fully connected) conditional random field (CRF), which uses the estimation result of functional attribute for each pixel. However, since this method is optimized from RGB data, it is not able to sufficiently consider the shape of object, which has a relationship with the function attribute. In the proposed method, the recognition accuracy of functional attributes is improved by considering the object shape with the dense CRF describing the three‐dimensional positional relationship. As a result of the experiment, the recognition rate of the proposed method is 77.0%, which is 3.8% higher than the related method. In addition, we confirmed that the processing speed is high as a side effect by reducing processing cost by oversegmentation of input data and using high‐speed identification by Random Forests. The mean processing speed per an object was 109 ms in the proposed method.
Temporal variation in resource selection of African elephants follows long‐term variability in resource availability
Authors: Tsalyuk Miriam , Kilian Werner , Reineking Björn , Getz Wayne Marcus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe relationship between resource availability and wildlife movement patterns is pivotal to understanding species behavior and ecology. Movement response to landscape variables occurs at multiple temporal scales, from sub‐diurnal to multiannual. Additionally, individuals may respond to both current and past conditions of resource availability. In this paper, we examine the temporal scale and variation of current and past resource variables that affect movement patterns of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) using sub‐hourly movement data fromGPS‐GSMcollared elephants in Etosha National Park, Namibia. We created detailed satellite‐based spatiotemporal maps of vegetation biomass, as well as distance from surface water, road and fence. We used step selection functions to measure the relative importance of these landscape variables in determining elephants’ local movement patterns. We also examined how elephants respond to information, in locations they have previously visited, on productivity integrated over different temporal scales: from current to historical conditions. Our results demonstrate that elephants choose patches with higher than average annual productivity and grass biomass, but lower tree biomass. Elephants also prefer to walk close to water, roads, and fences. These preferences vary with time of day and with season, thereby providing insights into diurnal and seasonal behavioral patterns and the ecological importance of the landscape variables examined. We also discovered that elephants respond more strongly to long‐term patterns of productivity than to immediate forage conditions, in familiar locations. Our results illustrate how animals with high cognitive capacity and spatial memory integrate long‐term information on landscape conditions. We illuminate the importance of long‐term high temporal resolution satellite imagery to understanding the relationship between movement patterns and landscape structure.
Carcinoid heart disease involving the left heart: a case report and biomarker analysis
Authors: Lichtenauer Michael , Pichler Tristan , Eder Sarah , Mirna Moritz , Magnes Theresa , Wernly Bernhard , Paar Vera , Jung Christian , Prinz Erika , Seitelberger Rainald , Hoppe Uta C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHerein, we report the case of a 67‐year‐old woman who was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnoea and oedema of the lower extremities. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe tricuspid and mitral regurgitation, and the leaflets of the tricuspid valve were found to be rigid and almost immobile. The plasma concentrations of serotonin and chromogranin A were elevated, and hence, suspicion for carcinoid heart disease was raised. In addition to the diagnostic workup and medical and surgical treatment, we analysed levels of novel cardiovascular biomarkers throughout the entire follow‐up by means of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A dopa positron emission tomography (DOPA‐PET) was conducted and showed a neoplasm in the terminal ileum. Tricuspid valve replacement, mitral valve repair, and a closure of the patent foramen ovale (PFO) were conducted. Two months later, hemicolectomy and liver segment resection were performed. The tumour was resected, and the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumour (NET) was confirmed. Throughout the follow‐up, we observed a decrease in the plasma levels of novel biomarkers [e.g. interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity‐2 (sST2), and heart‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (H‐FABP)] over the follow‐up period. In our case, carcinoid heart disease resulted in a severe tricuspid regurgitation as commonly seen in these patients. Moreover, a pre‐existent mitral regurgitation was likely aggravated by fibrotic remodelling, because a PFO has led to a right‐to‐left shunt and might have caused left heart involvement. As IL‐8 was associated with adverse outcomes in patients with NETs, and sST2 and H‐FABP were associated with adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure previously, these biomarkers could aid in the risk stratification of patients with NET.
Risk factors for incident heart failure in age‐ and sex‐specific strata: a population‐based cohort using linked electronic health records
Authors: Uijl Alicia , Koudstaal Stefan , Direk Kenan , Denaxas Spiros , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , Banerjee Amitava , Hoes Arno W. , Hemingway Harry , Asselbergs Folkert W. 
Published: January 2019

AimsSeveral risk factors for incident heart failure (HF) have been previously identified, however large electronic health records (EHR) datasets may provide the opportunity to examine the consistency of risk factors across different subgroups from the general population.Methods and resultsWe used linked EHR data from 2000 to 2010 as part of the UK‐based CALIBER resource to select a cohort of 871 687 individuals 55 years or older and free of HF at baseline. The primary endpoint was the first record of HF from primary or secondary care. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios for associations between risk factors and incident HF, separately for men and women and by age category: 55–64, 65–74, and > 75 years. During 5.8 years of median follow‐up, a total of 47 987 incident HF cases were recorded. Age, social deprivation, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, body mass index, haemoglobin, total white blood cell count and creatinine were associated with HF. Smoking, atrial fibrillation and diabetes showed stronger associations with incident HF in women compared to men.ConclusionWe confirmed associations of several risk factors with HF in this large population‐based cohort across age and sex subgroups. Mainly modifiable risk factors and comorbidities are strongly associated with incident HF, highlighting the importance of preventive strategies targeting such risk factors for HF.
Spatially filtered unconditional quantile regression: Application to a hedonic analysis
Authors: Murakami D. , Seya H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnconditional quantile regression (UQR) attracts attention in various fields to investigate the impacts of explanatory variables on quantiles of the marginal distribution of an explained variable. This study attempts to introduce spatial dependence into the UQR within the framework of random effects eigenvector spatial filtering, resulting in the model that we term the spatially filtered UQR (SF‐UQR). We then develop a computationally efficient approach for SF‐UQR estimation. Finally, the performance of the SF‐UQR is tested with a hedonic land price model for the Tokyo metropolitan area. SF‐UQR is implemented in an R package, “spmoran.”
Zircon U–Pb, O isotope, and geochemistry study of the early Palaeozoic granitic gneiss in the Dinggye district, central Himalaya: Implications for the early Palaeozoic orogenic event along the northern margin of Gondwana
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Yanbin , Yang Deting 
Published: January 2019

To better constrain the evolution of the early Palaeozoic orogenesis along the northern margin of Gondwana, we present new petrological, geochronological, and geochemical studies of the Cambrian–Ordovician granitic gneiss in the Dinggye area, central Himalaya. The granitic gneiss is medium‐coarse grained, with porphyritic, augen, banded, or gneissic structure, and has undergone strong deformation. The mineral assemblages are quartz, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, muscovite, and biotite, with minor amounts of accessory minerals. The granitic gneiss samples are characterized by high SiO2, Al2O3, and Rb/Sr contents but low MgO, TiO2, FeOt, and MnO contents, with A/CNK of 1.08–1.38. The REE patterns of the granitic gneiss show high LREE/HREE and negative Eu anomalies. In the trace‐element chondrite‐normalized diagram, the samples show enrichment in LILE (e.g., Rb, Th, U, and K) and depletion in some HFSEs (Nb and Ti). These features indicate that the protolith was a calc‐alkaline and peraluminous S‐type granite. Six analysed samples yielded zircon U–Pb crystallization ages between 480 and 500 Ma, which support the existence of the early Palaeozoic magmatism in the Dinggye area, central Himalaya. High δ18O values (7–10‰, >> a mantle value of 5.3 ± 0.6‰) of magmatic zircon domains and abundant inherited zircons with variable ages (558‐2523 Ma) indicate that the magma was derived from a supracrustal source. Combined with whole‐rock Sr–Nd data (average εNd(t) = −8.1) published previously, we suggest that the granitic gneiss originated from partial melting of old crust, most likely to be the sedimentary rocks of the Himalayan Crystalline Complex. The early Palaeozoic granitic gneiss with a continental arc affinity may have formed in an Andean‐type orogeny involving subduction of the Proto‐Tethyan Oceanic crust beneath the northern margin of the Gondwana supercontinent.