bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОсобенностиразвитиясоветскойисторическойнаукивисследованияхА.Л.Шапиро
Authors: Lanskoy G.N. 
Published: September 2019

Статья посвящена комплексному исследованию научнопедагогического наследия выдающегося советского историка Александра Львовича Шапиро. Анализируются его труды в области историографии отечественной и зарубежной истории, социальноэкономической истории России, исторической библиографии. В статье определен вклад А. Л. Шапиро в развитие и содержание научных дискуссий которые велись в советском историческом исследовании в тексте прослеживается вклад А. Л. Шапиро Шапиро к формированию научнопедагогической школы историков на базе Ленинградского, а позднее СанктПетербургского государственного университетаThe article is devoted to a complex research of the scientific and pedagogical heritage of a prominent Soviet historian Alexander Lvovich Shapiro. It analyzes his works in the field of historiography of the national and foreign history, social and economic history of Russia, and historical bibliography. The article determined the contribution of A.L. Shapiro to the development and content of scientific discussions that were held in the Soviet historical studies The text traces the contribution made by A.L. Shapiro to the formation of a scientific and pedagogical school of historians on the basis of Leningrad, and later, St. Petersburg, State University
СтрастипоадмиралуФ.Ф.Ушакову
Authors: Pavel A.K. 
Published: September 2019

Evidence of integrity in the scientific community is maintained, is that nonprofessional study of V. D. Ovchinnikova was twice rejected. With perseverance worthy of the best application, the author of the dissertation twice tried to get the desired doctoral degree, but failed to do so. However, his research was twice accepted for defense by the dissertation Council, which is suggestive. Academician E. P. Chelyshev, considering the state of Affairs in the named Institute, wrote the following (2017):...scientific thought once (19662002), the famous Institute was trivial, and the prospects are alarming. Our society is in dire need of evidencebased, wellwritten historical works that reveal the content and meaning of the events of the instructive past of our great country. Impeccable reasoning, careful analysis of documents and materials need not give any kind of distorters, WorkItem falsifiers even the slightest of opportunities to pollute the heads of our fellow citizens6 . Krotov Pavel doctor of historical Sciences, associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Russian history from ancient times to the XX century.Свидетельством того, что принципиальность в научной среде сохраняется, служит то, что непрофессиональное исследование В.Д. Овчинникова было дважды отклонено. С достойным лучшего применения упорством автор диссертации дважды пытался заполучить искомую докторскую степень, но не сумел сделать этого. Однако его исследование было дважды принято к защите диссертационным советом, что наводит на размышления. Академик РАН Е.П. Челышев, рассматривая положение дел в названном институте, написал следующее (2017): ...научная мысль когдато (1966 2002) знаменитого института обмельчала, а перспективы его тревожны. Наше общество остро нуждается в доказательных, написанных хорошим языком исторических произведениях, раскрывающих содержание и смысл событий поучительнейшего прошлого нашей великой родины. Безупречной аргументацией, тщательным анализом документов и материалов надо не давать всякого рода исказителям, вопрекистам, фальсификаторам даже малейших возможностей засорять головы нашим согражданам 6 . Кротов Павел Александрович доктор исторических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры истории России с древнейших времен до XX в. Института истории СПбГУ
Síndrome de Münchhausen
Authors: Aparicio-Turbay Soraya , Alvarado-Castro Camilo , Noguera-Alfonso Efraín 
Published: September 2019

Introducción: síndrome de Münchhausen es un subtipo de trastorno facticio grave y crónico, que se caracteriza por la producción de mentiras patológicas (“pseudología fantástica”) y una conducta errante, de médico en médico, fingiendo una enfermedad física.
Objetivo: presentar el caso de un paciente con hipoglicemia refractaria secundaria al uso de insulina exógena en el contexto de un síndrome de Münchhausen.
Discusión: el paciente presentó una sumisión inusual a las hospitalizaciones y a las pruebas diagnósticas, las cuales confirmaron la administración exógena de insulina para desencadenar los síntomas. Los rasgos paranoides y la mitomanía observada se asocian a un estado larvado, crónico y delirante, propio de síndrome de Münchhausen.
Conclusión: el síndrome de Münchhausen es una condición psiquiátrica difícil de diagnosticar y que constituye un importante reto para el clínico, es poco reconocido, afecta la relación médicopaciente y presenta un alto costo para el sistema de salud debido al uso de innecesaria de baterías diagnósticas y procedimientos terapéuticos.
THE ROLE OF PROTEINS OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEROTYPE-INDEPENDENT PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES
Authors: Petukhova E. S. , Vorobyev D. S. , Semenova I. B. 
Published: September 2019

Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are relevant for Russia and the world. One of the key factors in the pathogenicity of pneumococcus is a polysaccharide capsule. The structure of polysaccharide antigens is described more than 90 serotypes of the pathogen. The experience of using polysaccharide and conjugated pneumococcal vaccines shows that these preventive drugs protect against a limited number of serotypes of the pneumococcus. It is of interest to study the protective properties of pneumococcal proteins, as they are conservative and have high homology within the species, potentially expanding serotype non-specific protection level. Thus, the efforts of researchers focus on the development of protein vaccines or conjugated vaccines based on proteins of S. pneumoniae. The review considers the biological properties of the most well-known proteins of pneumococcus and provides data on preclinical studies of the obtained recombinant proteins as experimental vaccine preparations. Immunization with various proteins of S. pneumoniae provides protection of animals from nasopharyngeal colonization, pneumonia and sepsis. Currently, clinical trials (I/II phases) are being tested with several experimental protein vaccines. In the near future it will be possible to assess the real effectiveness of such vaccines.
CULTIVATION OF BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS BIOFILMS ON ABIOTIC SUBSTRATE
Authors: Zaytsev E. M. , Britsina M. V. , Ozeretskovskaya M. N. , Mertsalova N. U. , Bazhanova I. G. 
Published: September 2019

Aim. Selection of optimal conditions for the cultivation of Bordetella pertussis biofilms and comparative assessment of the ability of different strains to form biofilms. Materials and methods. Used a vaccine strain of B. pertussis № 475 and selected from this strain strain № 475а, characterized by high virulence. Cultures of strains grown on dense nutrient medium (DNM) and liquid nutrient medium (LNM) were used as inoculates for biofilms production. The intensity of biofilms formation in round-bottom 96-well polystyrene plates was estimated by staining with 0,1% gentian-violet solution. Results. Daily cultures of the strain № 475 with LNM formed moderate biofilms in the range of doses 5 — 1,25 IOU (international optical units) /ml, in the absence of growth at lower doses. The daily cultures of this strain with the DNM formed a dense biofilms when planting a doses in the range from 10 to 1,25 IOU/ml, moderate from 0,625 to 0,157 IOU/ml and weak biofilms at a dose of 0,079 IOU/ml. Strain № 475а with the DNM formed dense biofilms in the doses range of 10 to 0,04 IOU/ml and only at the dose of 0,02 IOU/ml were formed moderate biofilms. Conclusion. A simple and informative method has been developed to evaluate the ability of B. pertussis strains to form biofilms in polystyrene plates. Cultures obtained with the DNM formed a more significant biofilms than cultures with LNM. Identified high ability to biofilms formation by a selected strain №. 475a, compared to the original strain № 475.
ANTIVIRAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE COMPOSITION OF COMPOUNDS BASED ON ECHINOCHROME A
Authors: Krylova N. V. , Fedoreev S. A. , Lavrov V. F. , Mischenko N. P. , Vasileva E. A. , Svitich O. A. , Ebralidze L. K. , Еunihina O. V. , Leonova G. N. 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to examine in vitro the antioxidant and antiviral activity of echinochrome A and echinochrome-based antioxidant composition against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Materials and methods. TBEV (Dal’negorsk strain, Far Eastern subtype) grown in PK cells, and HSV-1 (VR3 strain) in Vero cells. The antioxidant activity of the compounds was determined using the linetol peroxide oxidation model. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of the compounds were assessed by cell viability (PK- and Vero cells) and by cytopathic effect inhibition of viruses (TBEV and HSV-1) using the MTT test. Results. The antioxidant composition, which is a mixture of echinochrome A, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (5: 5: 1), showed a higher antioxidant and antiviral efficacy than echinochrome A. The antiviral mechanisms on of echinochrome A and antioxidant composition are caused by direct inactivation of TBEV and HSV-1 viruses and inhibition of virus penetration into cells. Conclusion. The results obtained allow considering the echinochrome A and the composition of antioxidants on its basis as the promising agents of a broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
BALAYAN PARADOX
Authors: Mikhailov M. I. , Malinnikova E. Yu. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Potemkin I. A. , Alsalikh N. D. , Isaeva O. V. , Karlsen A. A. , Kichatova V. S. , Polyakov A. D. 
Published: September 2019

This article presents the results of a study of the epidemiology of hepatitis E in the Russian Federation. Obtained data explaining the phenomenon, known as the Balayan paradox — the wide distribution of anamnestic antibodies to the hepatitis E virus in the absence of a registered incidence. It was shown that imported cases of infection are not able to support the epidemiological process of hepatitis E in Russia. The most cases of HEV infection are autochthonous in nature and are associated with zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 virus from pigs.
Study of the biological properties of attenuated variants of the virulent A/WSN/33 strain of influenza virus, obtained by the site-specific mutagenesis of PB2-gene
Authors: Kost V. Yu. , Rtischev A. A. , Mintaev R. R. , Akopova I. I. , Lisovskaya K. V. , Markushin S. G. 
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of biological properties of attenuated variants of the virulent A/WSN/33 strain of influenza virus, obtained by the site-specific mutagenesis of PB2-gene. Materials and methods. Site-specific mutants of A/WSN/33 of influenza virus, having in PB2-gene ts-mutations from genome of cold-adapted (CA) master-strains: A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2); A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2); A/Krasnodar/101/35/59 (H2N2) were obtained with help of reverse genetics methods. The ts-phenotype, att-phenotype, immunogenicity and protective efficacy in homologous and heterologous control infections were studied in the obtained site-specific mutants. Results. It was shown that the inclusion in the PB2-gene of the virulent A/WSN/33 strain as single mutations and a combination of mutations from the genomes of CA donor-strains leads to a change in the ts-phenotype and att-phenotype of the mutants obtained. These mutants had high protective efficacy in homologous and heterologous control infection. Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to consider the site-specific mutants of influenza virus as possible candidates for live influenza vaccines.
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Strategi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Melalui Olahraga Permainan Kecil
Authors: Kurniawan Ade , Hayudi Hayudi 
Published: September 2019

Masalah yang ditemui peneliti adalah kurang aktifnya mahasiswa dalam kegiatan perkuliahan pada mata kuliah startegi pembelajaran penjas, hal itu disebabkan kurangnya sumber belajar yang digunakan di kelas dan belum adanya buku ajar yang sesuai dengan materi perkuliahan. Dalam hal ini peneliti bertujuan ingin mengembangkan buku ajar strategi pembelajaran Pendidikan jasmnai yang sesuai dengan peserta didik, dan sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani, penelitian ini membahas tentang pengembangan buku ajar strategi pembelajaran penjas melalui olahraga permainan kecil. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini menggunakan metode pengembangan (R&D). Pengembangan buku ajar menggunakan model 4D dari Thiagarajan (1947) yang model pengembangan ini terdiri atas empat tahap pengembangan yaitu define, design, develop, dan dessiminate atau diadaptasi menjadi model 4-P, yaitu Pendefinisian, Perancangan, Pengembangan dan Penyebaran. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap kualitas belajar mahasiswa dan praktek mengajar yang dilakukan mahasiswa saat turun ke sekolah. Buku ajar tersebut dirancang dan dikembangkan melalui olahraga permainan kecil, buku ajar ini telah melalui tahap validasi dari beberapa ahli yang telah ditentukan dan telah dilakukan uji coba terbatas. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan pengembangan buku ajar strategi pembelajaran Pendidikan jasmani melalui olahraga permianan kecil yang meliputi tahap defenisi dengan hasil dalam bentuk pemetaan pembelajaran dan kebutuhan mahaisswa.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Gerak Meroda Dalam Senam Lantai Melalui Media Bola Gymnastic Pada Siswa Kelas VIII MTs Roudlotul Mutta’allimin
Authors: Murtaqi Ahmad , Mubin Dadang , Setiawan Wawan 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengupayakan peningkatan gerak meroda dalam senam lantai melalui media bola gymnastic pada siswa kelas VIII. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan subjek 24 siswa kelas VIII. Adapun desain penelitian ini menggunakan sistem siklus yang berisikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen penilaian yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu rubrik penilaian gerak meroda (aspek psikomotorik), lembar pengamatan PTK (aspek afektif) dan lembar aspek kognitif. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini dihitung dengan rumus untuk memperoleh hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini data awal diperoleh 7 siswa tuntas belajar dan 17 siswa tidak tuntas belajar. Pada perlakuan siklus pertama tahap perlakuan tindakan, siswa diberikan media bantu bola gymnastic sebagai alat pembelajaran meroda dan hasil belajar rata – rata dari subjek 24 siswa diperoleh hasil belajar sebanyak 74,8%. Hasil itu diperoleh dari akumulasi ketiga aspek: psikomotor, afektif dan kognitif. Pada perlakuan siklus kedua rata – rata dari subjek 24 siswa diperoleh hasil belajar sebanyak 80,1%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada penelitian tahap siklus kedua ada peningkatan hasil belajar dari subjek 24 siswa sebanyak 5,3%.
Possibilities of interlinking the genomic data and allergenic potential of apples
Authors: Bilčíková Jana , Zamiešková Lucia , Fialková Veronika , Žiarovská Jana 
Published: September 2019

Apple allergy belongs to the most prevalent fruit allergies which in North and Central Europe is mainly attributed to cross-reaction between Bet v 1 allergen from birch pollen and Mal d 1 major apple allergen. For a long time, patients observed symptoms of unequal severity after consumption of different apple cultivars. This led scientific community to search for the basis of the cultivar-specific allergenicity. According to several studies, the amount of Mal d 1 allergen plays an important role. Currently, notable attention is mainly concentrated on genetic variability as the primary source of different allergenic potential. Mal d 1 gene family is a large family of gene isoforms and their variants differing in the primary sequence. These sequence alternations may cause changes in protein structure and potentially affect the binding capacity to IgE and thus the allergenic potential. Among many methods available to analyze genetic variability, restriction fragment length polymorphism is simple technique suitable to analyze variability of Mal d 1 allergen. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of a possible approach of interlinking genomic data (e.g. as by RFLP profiles) and clinically proven apple allergenicity.
Análise iconográfica do tópico evolução biológica em livros didáticos de biologia para o ensino médio
Authors: Braunstein Guilherme Kunde , Eichler Marcelo Leandro 
Published: September 2019

Considerando os livros didáticos um bom reflexo dos currículos escolares e a evolução biológica o eixo central da biologia, realizou-se por meio desse trabalho a análise do uso de desenhos, de infográficos e de diagramas e dos seus importantes papeis como mediadores do ensino e da aprendizagem do tema evolução biológica. Sendo isso feito por meio de uma análise iconográfica desse assunto em livros de biologia de ensino médio de autores com obras aprovadas pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2012). A partir dessa análise, verificou-se que os livros apresentam poucas descrições e explicações sobre como diagramas e cladogramas devem ser lidos ou interpretados. Também se observou a preferência dos autores por diagramas que podem ser considerados de difícil compreensão. Apesar disso, pode-se notar que os autores têm apresentado diferentes modificações desses diagramas, melhorando-os, o que tem permitido uma melhor interpretação dos diagramas evolutivos.
Epidemiology, etiology and prevention of postpneumonectomy pleural empyema
Authors: Petrov Danail B. , Subotic Dragan , Yankov Georgi S. , Valev Dinko G. , Mekov Evgeni V. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Pleural empyema after pneumonectomy still poses a serious postoperative complication. A broncho-pleural fistula is often detected. Despite various therapeutic options developed over the last five decades it remains a major surgical challenge.
Materials and methods: A literature search in MEDLINE database was carried out (accessed through PubMed), by using a combination of the following key-words and MeSH terms: pneumonectomy, postoperative, complications, broncho-pleural fistula, empyema, prevention. The following areas of intervention were identified: epidemiology, etiology, prevention.
Results: Pleural empyema in a post-pneumonectomy cavity occurs in up to 16% of patients with a mortality of more than 10%. It is associated with broncho-pleural fistula in up to 80% of them, usually in the early postoperative months. Operative mortality could reach 50% in case of broncho-pleural fistula. Unfavourable prognostic factors are: benign disease, COPD, right-sided surgery, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, time of chest tube removal, long bronchial stump and mechanical ventilation. Bronchial stump protection with vascularised flaps is of utmost importance in the prevention of complications.
Conclusion: Postpneumonectomy pleural empyema is a common complication with high mortality. The existing evidence confirms the role of bronchopleural fistula prevention in the prevention of life-threatening complications.
Dental Fear of 6-12-year-old Children - Role of Parents, Gender and Age
Authors: Shindova Maria P. , Blecheva Ani B. , Raycheva Jeny G. 
Published: September 2019

Aim: To investigate the level of dental fear in middle childhood and the impact of various personal and social factors that contribute to developing dental fear.
Materials and methods: The study included sixty-seven 6-12-year-old children and their parents, randomly selected while receiving their treatment at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Plovdiv. A modified version of Dental Subscale of the Children&rsquo;s Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS) was used to assess the dental fear of each patient. An interview was conducted with the parents to gather information about patient&rsquo;s gender and age, parent&rsquo;s dental anxiety (Corah&rsquo;s dental anxiety scale-DAS) and pre-appointment preparation of children.
Results: The results show that the mean of CFSS-DS for children is 30.28&plusmn;1.17. Concerning the age and gender the comparison between groups of patients with different levels of dental fear demonstrate no significant difference (p>0.05). 60.6%&plusmn;0.49 of parents prepare their children themselves for the future dental visit and 39.4%&plusmn;0.49 rely on the dentists to do it. The analysis shows that parent&rsquo;s dental anxiety and pre-appointment preparation are not associated with the level of dental fear of their children (p>0.05).
Conclusions: In middle childhood the majority of children show no or low level of dental fear. The personal and social factors we studied are not determinant risk factors for 6-12-year-old children to develop dental fear.
Ethical and Legal Aspects of Medical Screening for Early Diagnosis of Diseases. Prevention and Prophylaxis
Authors: Ilieva Antonia G. 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The main priorities of the implemented health policies in the Republic of Bulgaria are directly aimed at preserving and improving the health of the population, providing equal access of patients to modern and efficient healthcare, promptness and quality, in compliance with the normative requirements of the offered health service. In this sense, the focus of these health policies is to prioritize prevention and prophylaxis of early diagnosis of diseases. It is much more reasonable to prevent the disease or to manage it at an early stage than to slow down the treatment until the pathological processes develop into severe or irreversible complications.
Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of existing legal acts governing the implementation of a common health policy in the field of health promotion and prevention. Another aim is to localize regulatory gaps and make relevant optimization suggestions.
Materials and methods: The analysis of this systematic review is based on a thorough review of the existing regulatory framework (statutory and regulative legislation, case law, European practice) that concerns public health. Articles focused directly on the issues of medical screening and public health in a national and global perspective have been studied.Results: Two major legal acts, two regulations and strategies of the World Health Organization are considered. Suggestions for optimization of the control activity of the administrative bodies in the sector are presented.
Conclusions: From the analysis done, proposals for optimization of the existing legal framework in the sector of health-care were made. The proposals were made based on the results of the analysis of w8orld trends regarding the methodology for state funding of medical screening for early diagnosis of diseases.
The issue in question is up to date and raises issues related to legislative regulation, moral, ethical and deontological principles to which the medical profession adheres, as well as the health policy that is followed by the Ministry of Health in this aspect.
A Rare Case of Posterior Tibial Artery Hypoplasia and Fibular Artery Enlargement and their Impact on the Arterial Supply of Posterior Crural Region
Authors: Piagkou Maria , Kapetanakis Stylianos , Tsakotos George , Samolis Alexandros , Anastasopoulos Nikolaos , Natsis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2019

Background: Detailed knowledge of the popliteal artery division and possible anatomical variants is of paramount importance for vascular surgery.
Aim: The aim of the current study was to highlight a rare unilateral case of posterior tibial artery hypoplasia.
Materials and methods: A dissection was performed at the posterior surface of the tibia in a 78-year-old Caucasian male cadaver of Greek origin.
Results: The findings were consistent with unilateral posterior tibial artery hypoplasia and fibular artery enlargement. The variant fibular artery supplied the posterior surface of the distal leg and foot. Clinical implications of the fibular artery dominance are discussed.
Conclusions: Rare anatomical variants of the tibial artery are of clinical significance to maximize safety and minimize intraoperative complications.