bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics Reveals Cell‐Surface Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Expression Impacts Most Hallmarks of Cancer
Authors: Ahn Seong Beom , Mohamedali Abidali , Pascovici Dana , Adhikari Subash , Sharma Samridhi , Nice Edouard C. , Baker Mark S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile metastasis is the primary cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, the molecular mechanisms underpinning it remains elusive. Metastasis is propagated through driver oncogene/suppressor gene mutations, accompanied by passenger mutations and underlying genomic instability. To understand cancer biology, a unifying framework called the “hallmarks of cancer” (HoCs) has been developed, which organizes cell biological alterations under ten key hallmarks. Underlying these HoCs, genome instability generates mutational diversity that is amplified by inflammation. Recognizing how critical cancer cell‐surface proteins influence, these HoCs have been proposed to accelerate precision medicine therapeutic development. A moderate decrease (43%↓) in HCT116 cell surface urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression mitigates against many HoCs driven by these cell's KRAS and PIK3CA mutational signature. Comprehensive proteomics (whole cell lysis with two membrane protein enrichments) coupled with ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) demonstrates that uPAR negates essential pathways across the HoC spectrum, particularly those associated with metastasis, resisting cell death, and sustaining proliferation, and parallels Cancer Hallmarks Analytics Tool analysis. Decreasing uPAR predominantly alters metastasis‐related and uPAR‐interactome protein expression (e.g., EGFR, caveolin, vitronectin, integrin β4). Collectively, it is demonstrated that uPAR is a lynchpin protein capable of regulating several HoC pathways in a classical CRC mutational background.
Changes in Knee Vastii Muscle Activity in Women with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome During the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Samani Mahbobeh , Kordi Yoosefinejad Amin , Campos Mario H. , de Lira Claudio A. B. , Motealleh Alireza 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundChanges in hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle are known to affect muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity, but no studies have investigated the effect of hormonal changes on the EMG activity of muscles around the knee in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).ObjectiveTo evaluate the EMG activity of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles during toe rise and heel rock tasks in different phases of the menstrual cycle in women with PFPS.DesignCross sectional study.SettingRehabilitation Research Center at the School of Rehabilitation Sciences of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.ParticipantsTen women with PFPS between 18 and 40 years of age.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe VL/VMO amplitude ratio and differences between onset (onset VL−onset VMO) of vastii muscle activity were measured in the affected limb during rise and rock tasks in the follicular and ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. The signals were analyzed with MATLAB software.ResultsDuring both tasks, there were no significant changes in onset differences in vastii muscles between the ovulatory and follicular phases. However, the amplitude ratio (VL/VMO) was significantly lower in the ovulatory phase compared to the follicular phase (P = .035 for rise tasks and .010 for rock tasks).ConclusionThe menstrual cycle may affect some EMG parameters. These factors can be taken into account when planning sports and rehabilitation training programs.
Risk mitigation of biodiesel production through the replacement of methanol by ethanol in the production process
Authors: Martins Fernanda T. M. , Mitre João F. , de S. Ferreira Geraldo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough biodiesel is considered a safe substance for the environment, its production can be dangerous because it involves flammable and toxic substances, such as methanol. In addition to the risks associated with fire and explosions, methanol also implies a risk to the health of workers who are constantly inhaling this product, even in low concentrations. Despite all the associated risks, most Brazilian industries produce biodiesel from methanol. Aiming to find an alternative to make the production process of biodiesel safer, several research studies were carried out in which the advantages and disadvantages of methanol substitution for ethanol were raised. From there, it was found that the biggest advantage is actually making the production process safer. However, it has been found that this proposal is still not feasible because the production of biodiesel by an ethyl route raises the cost of production considerably. In view of the foregoing, it was concluded that the alternative presented is only feasible through measures that compensate for the increase in costs, such as fiscal incentives.
Stabilizing heteroatom‐centered 16‐vertex group 11 tetrahedral architectures: Bonding and structural considerations toward versatile endohedral species
Authors: Gam Franck , Arratia‐Pérez Ramiro , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out on a series of clusters made of a centered tetrahedral 16‐atom superatomic cage having 20 or 18 jellium electrons (je) and structurally related to [Au20], namely [X@M16] (M = group 11; X = group 2, 4, 12, 14 element). Such species provide further information of how two different electron counts offer a more preferred endohedral situation for specific group elements. Calculations show that the encapsulated atom provides supplementary orbitals to stabilize the bonding M16 MO's. Different favored electron counts are found depending on the nature of the encapsulated atom, as observed by the formation of 20‐je species when encapsulating a group 14 element and 18‐je species when encapsulating a group 2 element. In addition, the capabilities to enable reactive sites along the cage structure are found via the formation of σ holes at the coinage‐metal edges, as shown by their electrostatic potential surface. Such naked species, which constitute an interesting addition to libraries of examples as small models for doped M(111) surfaces of fcc metals, reveal that different superatomic electronic configurations can favor the encapsulation of certain group elements. These results can guide further design of endohedral species.
Contributions of Single-Cell Approaches for Probing Heterogeneity and Dynamics of Neural Progenitors Throughout Life: Concise Review
Authors: Marcy Guillaume , Raineteau Olivier 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Development of the forebrain occurs in a stepwise manner from a pool of neural progenitors (NPs), which differs over space and time to produce distinct progenies. The sequence of events leading to the generation of the exquisite complexity of cell types that compose this tissue has been described in great detail at the population level. Recent advances in histology and transcriptomics have allowed probing spatial and temporal heterogeneity and dynamics of NPs at the single-cell level. Clonal fate mapping studies highlight a deterministic behavior as well as the existence of trajectories in the lineage progression of prenatal and postnatal NPs, whereas single-cell transcriptomic studies shed new light on the transcriptional signatures of these processes. Here, we review this recent work and integrate it to our current understanding of forebrain germinal activity at prenatal and postnatal time points. Stem Cells 2019;37:1381–1388
How water quality standards for pesticides affect the classification of the chemical status of rivers
Authors: Milano Marianne , Chèvre Nathalie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAwareness of the presence of high concentrations of pesticides in Swiss rivers has increased in the last decade. Since 2017, the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications is planning to introduce new regulatory acceptable concentrations for surface water of 38 organic pesticides. Based on pesticide concentration analyses carried out in a small agricultural catchment in the canton of Vaud, over the 2005–2015 period, we review the impacts of this legislative revision on the chemical status of rivers. A first comparison between the historical standard (0.1 μg/L) and revised water quality criteria (WQC) highlights that standards are raised for 12 pesticides and lowered for 25 pesticides, sometimes with very high ratios. Risk coefficients were computed based on the historical standard and revised WQC to determine the chemical status of the river. The worst‐case value was retained to define this status. Individual risk coefficients indicate that more pesticides meet the revised WQC than the historical one, leading to very different chemical status. According to the historical standard, the chemical status of the Boiron River is defined as moderate to poor, and the main problem is the presence of herbicides. According to the revised WQC, the chemical status is good, and periodically moderate or poor. Ninety percent of the pesticides identified had a low to very low ecotoxicological risk coefficient. Other issues related to insecticides were identified. Based on these results, we discuss the importance of the standard chosen when defining regulatory acceptable concentrations.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Science of Water > Water Quality
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Immunoengineering in glioblastoma imaging and therapy
Authors: Zanganeh Steven , Georgala Petrina , Corbo Claudia , Arabi Leila , Ho Jim Q. , Javdani Najme , Sepand Mohammad R. , Cruickshank Kiara , Campesato Luis F. , Weng Chien‐Huan , Hemayat Saeed , Andreou Chrysafis , Alvim Ricardo , Hutter Gregor , Rafat Marjan , Mahmoudi Morteza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPatients diagnosed with glioblastoma have poor prognosis. Conventional treatment strategies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy demonstrated limited clinical success and have considerable side effects on healthy tissues. A central challenge in treating brain tumors is the poor permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to therapeutics. Recently, various methods based on immunotherapy and nanotechnology have demonstrated potential in addressing these obstacles by enabling precise targeting of brain tumors to minimize adverse effects, while increasing targeted drug delivery across the BBB. In addition to treating the tumors, these approaches may be used in conjunction with imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography to enhance the prognosis procedures. This review aims to provide mechanistic understanding of immune system regulation in the central nervous system and the benefits of nanoparticles in the prognosis of brain tumors.This article is characterized under:Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and ImagingNanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the NanoscaleNanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
IoT Frameworks and Complexity
Authors: Cheruvu Sunil , Kumar Anil , Smith Ned , Wheeler David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn Chapter 1 we explored device cost dynamics when security is built-in from the beginning. Either the cost of the device increases or the ratio of device resources attributed to non-security-related functionality decreases. However, ignoring security results in the IoT device becoming the “weak link.” This chapter surveys IoT frameworks. We categorized them according to a consumer, industrial, or manageability focus though many seek broader relevance. IoT frameworks hide a lot of underlying complexity as the industry wrestles with embracing newer Internet protocols while maintaining backward compatibility. A plethora of standards setting groups have come to the rescue offering insightful perspectives on framework design to accommodate broader interoperability goals. But this may be too much of a good thing as framework interoperability has become yet another interoperability challenge. Framework designs often emphasize differing objectives, interoperability, adaptability, performance, and manageability. We offer an idealized framework that focuses on security to add contrast to what the industry already has considered. This chapter is lengthy relative to the other chapters in part because there are many IoT framework standards available and each takes a different perspective. Each has merit but ultimately the IoT ecosystem is likely to reduce the number of viable frameworks. We nevertheless encourage continued IoT framework evolution that removes unnecessary complexity and places security by design at the center.
Politics of Mobility and Stability in Authorizing European Heritage: Estonia’s Great Guild Hall
Authors: Kaasik-Krogerus Sigrid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractKaasik-Krogerus scrutinizes the European Heritage Label (EHL) as an authorized heritage discourse (AHD) in the making. She analyses how the discourse is formed in a politics of mobility and stability between the local, national, and European scales resulting from the interplay of europeanization (of the national and local) and domestication (of the European). The chapter asks how this politics of mobility and stability is conducted to manage the scalar dissonance in one of the sites, the Great Guild Hall in Tallinn, Estonia. Kaasik-Krogerus argues that the politics conducted in the exhibitions works in two controversial ways: legitimizing mobility and stability as natural and simultaneously challenging these as problematic. The analysis illuminates the dissonance between the national-scale intents and their consequences on the European scale concerning power relations, multiscalarity, and future imaginaries.
Geography of Emotions Across the Black Mediterranean: Oral Memories and Dissonant Heritages of Slavery and the Colonial Past
Authors: Proglio Gabriele 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis contribution is dedicated to analysing oral memories about the Black Mediterranean through interviews with people from or culturally linked to the Horn of Africa. The aim is to consider how the interviewees make use of archives to voice their feelings about the past and present in Africa and Europe. I introduce the concept of a “geography of emotions” as a set of different perceptions of Europe and its past. The mobilization of these memories in new interpretative perspectives is part of a dissonant heritage which is actively working inside the European borders in order to produce new cultural identities, to reiterate forms of belonging to black diasporic communities, and to invent new geographies from liminal positions.
Seen Through Other Eyes—Opening Up New Vistas in Realistic Mathematics Education Through Visions and Experiences from Other Countries
Authors: van den Heuvel-Panhuizen Marja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter is a synthesis of visions on and experiences with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) described in the eighteen following chapters of this volume by forty-four authors from fifteen different countries. Through a process of synthesizing information from these chapters and combining and contrasting what the authors wrote about RME, a comprehensive image emerged of the theory and practice of RME, together with some new vistas. The chapter is structured around the following themes: making acquaintance with RME, narratives of first experiences with RME, highlighted outstanding features of RME, processes of implementation of RME and their challenges, adaptations of RME, criticisms of RME, and the flavours of RME that can be found in foreign curricula, textbooks, instructional materials, and teaching methods. Finally, to conclude the chapter, I reflect on new insights related to RME and directions for its further development that can be gained from this input from abroad.
Realistic Mathematics Education in the Chinese Context—Some Personal Reflections
Authors: Sun Xiaotian , He Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, we start with a historical review of how Professor Hans Freudenthal and Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) became known in China, and how the academic exchange between Chinese scholars in the field of mathematics education and researchers at the Freudenthal Institute initiated and continued later. Then we discuss the positive impact of RME. Specifically, we cite some living examples for how the theoretical and empirical research substances related to RME-influenced mathematics curriculum development in China. These examples include the fields of curricular policy making, textbook design and classroom teaching.
The Impact of Hans Freudenthal and the Freudenthal Institute on the Project Mathe 2000
Authors: Wittmann Erich Ch. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter is an attempt to describe the direct and indirect influence Hans Freudenthal and his institute had on the developmental research conducted by Mathe 2000. Special attention will be given to the balance of pure and applied mathematics in designing learning environments, where RME and Mathe 2000 differ to some extent, and to the role of mathematics in mathematics education.
Learning to Look at the World Through Mathematical Spectacles—A Personal Tribute to Realistic Mathematics Education
Authors: Arcavi Abraham 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs professionals of mathematics education, we seldom offer personal accounts of our own learning and development. Although such subjective experiences may be idiosyncratic and hardly generalisable, a brief racconto of what and how one came to know may be useful—firstly, to those from whom we learned (maybe what we learned from them is not what they intended to teach us, and this is worth explicating), secondly, to those whom we teach (for them to know who we are and some of the sources of our learning), and, thirdly, to some colleagues willing to start conversations and to share experiences. This essay subjectively describes aspects of the inspiration generated by the insightful, applicable and effective principles of mathematics instruction that Realistic Mathematics Education has offered to us all, influencing the approaches to teaching and learning and the doing in mathematics education.
From the Bottom Up—Reinventing Realistic Mathematics Education in Southern Argentina
Authors: Zolkower Betina , Bressan Ana María , Pérez Silvia , Gallego María Fernanda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the Grupo Patagónico de Didáctica de la Matemática (GPDM), a collective of about twenty teachers and teacher educators in Southern Argentina who, united by a shared interest in making mathematics meaningful, relevant, and accessible to all students, have been learning about, adapting, implementing, and contributing to Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). The chapter is organised as follows. First, we outline the state of mathematics education reform in Argentina in the 1990s. Next, we describe how the GPDM was formed, how participants learned about and implemented RME in their classrooms, and how the group’s sphere of influence in Grades K–12 and in pre-service and in-service mathematics teacher education expanded from the local to the regional, the national, and the international level. We close with a reflection on what we have learned throughout this creative appropriation process. Throughout the chapter, a selection of annotated vignettes on the work of GPDM teachers and their students illustrate the manner in which the legacy of Hans Freudenthal materialised and continues to materialise in Argentinean classrooms.
Exploring the ‘Shadows’ in the Implementation Processes for National Anti-fraud Strategies at the Local Level: Aims, Ownership, and Impact
Authors: Levi Michael , Doig Alan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article studies the development and implementation of a nationally drafted strategy for fraud in local government in England. The purpose, relevant to other countries which also face (or evade) problems of policy outreach, is to consider what is required to achieve effective implementation through three broad aspects: aims, ownership, and impact. There is a particular focus on the assessment of the strategy implementation process and what mechanisms translate strategies into effective delivery or what other factors may subvert that delivery. The empirical research draws on the UK government’s 2006 policy review on fraud and the consequential changes between then and 2019, including a number of fraud strategies initiated by the United Kingdom central government. To review implementation in practice, it focuses on the 2011 local government strategy and uses a local-level case study to assess issues concerning aims, ownership, and impact, as well as the effect of other nationally determined policies and agendas. It concludes that without an ‘owned’ strategy implementation process as a whole, national strategies concerning the prevention and policing of fraud in England in the twenty-first century have had—and continue to have—modest impact on practice on the ground at the local level. We find it plausible that this is true elsewhere in the world, not only for crime control but also for other ‘change’ strategies in the public sector. However, testing that proposition is for researchers in other countries. Our aim here is to use this superficially parochial study to raise more universal questions about how policy designers (and academic researchers) need to take better account of circumstances on the ground, the management of strategy implementation and legitimacy, if their strategies are to be more than merely symbolic rhetoric.
Missing children appeal designs: Is recall accuracy influenced by the design of the appeal?
Authors: Hunt Daniel , Ioannou Maria , Synnott John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen a child goes missing it is common practice to release an appeal of the child in the hope that a member of the public could help to identify and locate them. Despite being an everyday occurrence, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of how effective these appeals are. The present study sought to explore the effectiveness of missing children appeals through the recall accuracy of the general public immediately after observing the appeals and again after a three-day delay. One hundred and eighty-two participants observed either a mock Child Rescue Alert or a mock Twitter appeal. The results found no significant difference in recall accuracy between the design of the appeals although there was a significant difference in recall error. Confidence in own recall accuracy and the length of time spent observing the appeals were also found to be significantly associated with recall accuracy. Initial recall accuracy scores were significantly higher than recall accuracy scores following a three-day break. This exploratory study demonstrates the requirement to improve missing children appeals and lays the foundation for future studies to build on these findings further.