bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotic-Like Symptoms and the Temporal Lobe in Trauma-Related Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Assessment of Potential Malingering
Authors: Schiavone Francesca L. , McKinnon Margaret C. , Lanius Ruth A. 
Published: October 2018

Objective To overview the phenomenology, etiology, assessment, and treatment of psychotic-like symptoms in trauma-related disorders focusing on the proposed role of temporal lobe dysfunction. Method We describe the literature pertaining to (i) psychotic-like symptoms and temporal lobe dysfunction in trauma-related disorders and (ii) psychological testing profiles in trauma-related disorders. We define trauma-related disorders as borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and the dissociative disorders. Our search terms were dissociative disorders, temporal lobe, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, psychosis, and malingering. Results Trauma-related psychotic-like symptoms are common and can differ in phenomenology from primary psychotic symptoms. Hallucinations consist of auditory and nonauditory content that may or may not relate to traumatic content. Child voices are highly suggestive of complex dissociative disorders. Critically, not only do these symptoms resemble those seen in temporal lobe epilepsy, but the temporal lobe is implicated in trauma-related disorders, thus providing a plausible neurobiological explanation. Despite such evidence, these symptoms are frequently considered atypical and misdiagnosed. Indeed, common structured psychological assessment tools categorize these symptoms as possible indicators of invalid testing profiles. Conclusion Psychotic-like symptoms are common in trauma-related disorders, may be related to temporal lobe dysfunction, and are frequently misinterpreted. This may lead to ineffective treatment and inappropriate determinations of malingering in the forensic system.
Infused wild-type macrophages reside and self-renew in the liver to rescue the hemolysis and anemia of Hmox1-deficient mice
Authors: Kim Ki Soon , Zhang De-Liang , Kovtunovych Gennadiy , Ghosh Manik C. , Ollivierre Hayden , Eckhaus Michael A. , Rouault Tracey A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHeme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), the inducible enzyme that catabolizes the degradation of heme into biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide, plays an essential role in the clearance of senescent and damaged red blood cells, systemic iron homeostasis, erythropoiesis, vascular hemostasis, and oxidative and inflammatory stress responses. In humans, HMOX1 deficiency causes a rare and lethal disease, characterized by severe anemia, intravascular hemolysis, as well as vascular and tissue damage. Hmox1 knockout (KO) mice recapitulated the phenotypes of HMOX1-deficiency patients and could be rescued by bone marrow (BM) transplantation that engrafted donor’s hematopoietic stem cells into the recipient animals after myeloablation. To find better therapy and elucidate the contribution of macrophages to the pathogenesis of HMOX1-deficiency disease, we infused wild-type (WT) macrophages into Hmox1 KO mice. Results showed that WT macrophages engrafted and proliferated in the livers of Hmox1 KO mice, which corrected the microcytic anemia, rescued the intravascular hemolysis, restored iron homeostasis, eliminated kidney iron overload and tissue damage, and provided long-term protection. These results showed that a single macrophage infusion delivered a long-term curative effect in Hmox1 KO mice, obviating the need for BM transplantation, and suggested that the HMOX1 disease stems mainly from the loss of viable reticuloendothelial macrophages. Our work provides new insights into the etiology of HMOX1 deficiency and demonstrates the potential of infusion of WT macrophages to prevent disease in patients with HMOX1 deficiency and potentially other macrophage-related diseases.
Effective CRISPR/Cas9-based nucleotide editing in zebrafish to model human genetic cardiovascular disorders
Authors: Tessadori Federico , Roessler Helen I. , Savelberg Sanne M. C. , Chocron Sonja , Kamel Sarah M. , Duran Karen J. , van Haelst Mieke M. , van Haaften Gijs , Bakkers Jeroen 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a popular vertebrate model organism to study organ formation and function due to its optical clarity and rapid embryonic development. The use of genetically modified zebrafish has also allowed identification of new putative therapeutic drugs. So far, most studies have relied on broad overexpression of transgenes harboring patient-derived mutations or loss-of-function mutants, which incompletely model the human disease allele in terms of expression levels or cell-type specificity of the endogenous gene of interest. Most human genetically inherited conditions are caused by alleles carrying single nucleotide changes resulting in altered gene function. Introduction of such point mutations in the zebrafish genome would be a prerequisite to recapitulate human disease but remains challenging to this day. We present an effective approach to introduce small nucleotide changes in the zebrafish genome. We generated four different knock-in lines carrying distinct human cardiovascular-disorder-causing missense mutations in their zebrafish orthologous genes by combining CRISPR/Cas9 with a short template oligonucleotide. Three of these lines carry gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding the pore-forming (Kir6.1, KCNJ8) and regulatory (SUR2, ABCC9) subunits of an ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) linked to Cantú syndrome (CS). Our heterozygous zebrafish knock-in lines display significantly enlarged ventricles with enhanced cardiac output and contractile function, and distinct cerebral vasodilation, demonstrating the causality of the introduced mutations for CS. These results demonstrate that introducing patient alleles in their zebrafish orthologs promises a broad application for modeling human genetic diseases, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies using this model organism.
The 24-Hour Activity Cycle: A New Paradigm for Physical Activity
Authors: ROSENBERGER MARY E. , FULTON JANET E. , BUMAN MATTHEW P. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , GRANDNER MICHAEL A. , BUCHNER DAVID M. , HASKELL WILLIAM L. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe physiologic mechanisms by which the four activities of sleep, sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) affect health are related, but these relationships have not been well explored in adults. Research studies have commonly evaluated how time spent in one activity affects health. Because one can only increase time in one activity by decreasing time in another, such studies cannot determine the extent that a health benefit is due to one activity versus due to reallocating time among the other activities. For example, interventions to improve sleep possibly also increase time spent in MVPA. If so, the overall effect of such interventions on risk of premature mortality is due to both more MVPA and better sleep. Further, the potential for interaction between activities to affect health outcomes is largely unexplored. For example, is there a threshold of MVPA minutes per day, above which adverse health effects of sedentary behavior are eliminated? This article considers the 24-h Activity Cycle (24-HAC) model as a paradigm for exploring inter-relatedness of health effects of the four activities. It discusses how to measure time spent in each of the four activities, as well as the analytical and statistical challenges in analyzing data based on the model, including the inevitable challenge of confounding among activities. The potential usefulness of this model is described by reviewing selected research findings that aided in the creation of the model and discussing future applications of the 24-HAC model.
Slack Time and Innovation
Authors: Agrawal Ajay , Catalini Christian , Goldfarb Avi , Luo Hong 
Published: October 2018

The relationship between slack resources and innovation is complex, with the literature linking slack to both breakthrough innovations and resource misallocation. We reconcile these conflicting views by focusing on a novel mechanism: the role slack time plays in the endogenous allocation of time and effort to innovative projects. We develop a theoretical model that distinguishes between periods of high- (work weeks) versus low- (break weeks) opportunity costs of time. Low-opportunity cost time during break weeks may induce (1) lower quality ideas to be developed (a selection effect); (2) more effort to be applied for any given idea quality (an effort effect); and (3) an increase in the use of teams because scheduling is less constrained (a coordination effect). As a result, the effect of an increase in slack time on innovative outcomes is ambiguous, because the selection effect may induce more low-quality ideas, whereas the effort and coordination effect may lead to more high-quality, complex ideas. We test this framework using data on college breaks and on 165,410 Kickstarter projects across the United States. Consistent with our predictions, during university breaks, more projects are posted in the focal regions, and the increase is largest for projects of either very high or very low quality. Furthermore, projects posted during breaks are more complex, and involve larger teams with diverse skills. We discuss the implications for the design of policies on slack time. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1215 .
Heart block as a complication of acute myocardial infarction: the anatomical and physiological mechanisms
Authors: Edwards Tim 
Published: October 2018

Overview Heart block (HB) is a recognised complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is often a marker for increased mortality and morbidity. An appreciation of the anatomical and physiological mechanisms associated with the development of HB in AMI is important for the prediction and management of complications when dealing with such cases. Certain forms of HB are classically linked to infarction of specific anatomical territories in AMI. However, variations in pre-morbid state and anatomy of the coronary vessels provide potential for the development of HB in any patient experiencing AMI, regardless of the territory affected. LEARNING OUTCOMES After completing this module, the paramedic will be able to: Understand heart block in the context of acute myocardial infarction Understand the relevant anatomy and physiology of clinical presentations of heart block in acute myocardial infarction Identify types of heart block in order to determine appropriate treatment strategies Understand the differences in the appearance of various forms of heart block on an electrocardiogram If you would like to send feedback, please email jpp@markallengroup.com
Influence of previous work experience and education on Internet use of people in their 60s and 70s
Authors: Arief Muzawir , Rissanen Sari , Saranto Kaija 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundInternet use among the elderly is influenced by various demographic backgrounds, social life and health factors.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the impact of several demographic features on 60- to 79-year-old individuals’ intention to use the Internet.MethodFinland population data (N= 2508) from the 2012 IKIPOSA project was used with two cohorts: 60s group (n= 1515) and 70s group (n= 990). Descriptive statistic and two binomial logistic regressions have been used with the unadjusted effect and Forward LR method to measure each predictor’s contribution to the model. In addition, a preliminary analysis to measure the multicollinearity was performed.ResultOf the 18 independent variables, only nine predictors, namely, age, education, financial situation, having children, entrepreneurship, a leadership position, a higher level white-collar worker and a lower level white-collar worker, were significant factors in predicting the Internet use. Meanwhile, gender, having grandchildren, living alone, marital status, house location and type, stay-at-home mother or father, blue-collar worker, agricultural entrepreneur and social relations satisfaction were not significant predictors. The most significant predictors were education and age, which contributed 19% and 10%, respectively, to the model. Other significant predictors, lower level white-collar worker, higher level white-collar worker and financial situation, had less impact with only around 6%.ConclusionEducation and age were influential factors among elderly to use the Internet in their later life. Certain work experiences affect elderly people’s engagement with the Internet after retirement.
Building Devotion: History, Use, and Meaning in "John Buck's Book"
Authors: Enright Lyle J. 
Published: October 2018

This essay explores an artifact at the Newberry Library Chicago; cataloged as a copy of Thomas Becon's Pomaunder of Prayer (c.1560), this artifact is in fact a number of texts bound together for the personal use of an eighteenth-century owner, one John Buck. The anthologized texts are briefly examined, and an attempt made to sketch a preliminary portrait of John Buck based on his choice in devotional material and his own social context. This essay concludes that Buck's appropriation of early modern Protestant propoganda into his own eighteenth century Anglican identity provides a unique and helpful window into the early development of "polite religion" in England, which would come to define the Romantic period.
Exploring Learners’ Self-Reported Behavioral Patterns in Two Task-Readiness Conditions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bui Gavin , Teng (Mark) Feng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Task-planning studies have mostly been conducted using quantitative methods, not qualitative. However, the actual planning behaviors by learners could be overlooked by quantitative research which focuses mostly on planning outcomes rather than the processes. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring learner behavioral patterns in pre-task planning as well as the under-investigated area of topic familiarity by drawing upon interview data. This consists of a comparison between the task-external and task-internal readiness constructs proposed in Bui’s (2014) task-readiness framework. Eight undergraduate students in Hong Kong completed two speaking tasks (a familiar and an unfamiliar task), followed by retrospective interviews. Though largely confirming previous (but parsimonious) research on task planning behaviors, this study discovered three major findings that had not been covered well in previous literature. First, while past studies focused on the psycholinguistic processes of task planning, these participants extensively reported its affective influences. Next, most participants reported their overall intended emphasis was on accuracy. These reports contradict general quantitative research results which suggest that task planning often leads to complexity, not accuracy. Finally, the lack of planning time as task-external readiness can be partly compensated for by topic familiarity as task-internal readiness. These issues along with their relevant implications in teaching and learning are discussed in this study.
Stress as a Suprasegmental Phonological Shift in Translation: A New Category of Linguistic Shifts
Authors: Karimnia Amin , Kalantari Esmaeil 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study relies on a contrastive analysis to underscore the functions of stress as a shift in translation, especially when phonological specifications can have an impact on translation. In the original model of translation shifts proposed by Catford, only segmental linguistic elements are taken into consideration, while the model totally ignores stress as a supra-segmental linguistic element. Including stress within the analytic procedures of the model can bring about a new type of shift. This implies that Catford’s categorization of shifts must be developed in order to increase its applicability, especially when phonological specifications in the source text can have an impact on grammar and lexical items in the target text. As a result of the inclusion of stress into Catford’s original mode, a revised version of the translation shift model is suggested. The study further emphasizes the various dimensions of stress and the functions it can have in oral aspects of translation and drama translation.
Fostering Intercultural Awareness in a Chinese English Reading Class
Authors: Yu Qun , Van Maele Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince the turn of the century, higher education policy in China has highlighted the importance of cultivating students’ intercultural competences, particularly in the context of English language teaching. In spite of this, studies show that to this day Chinese ELT classrooms in higher education have rarely taken a cultural turn and teachers’ understanding of interculturalism remains insufficient. This paper reports an action research study on how intercultural awareness was developed in the context of an English reading course at an independent college of a major Chinese university. The study followed a teaching flow that integrates intercultural learning with critical thinking by challenging students to select, analyze, and raise questions about English texts on aspects of Chinese culture. Mapping the outputs of a cohort of 77 second-year undergraduate students onto Baker’s (2012; 2015) model of intercultural awareness, the study shows that a majority of participants demonstrated a level beyond basic awareness. The paper concludes that reading courses can be used to help foster intercultural awareness among Chinese students, and it offers some pedagogical and theoretical reflections on integrating intercultural learning with ELT, and formulates a number of suggestions for further studies.
Three Elements That Affect the Realisation of Subject-Verb Agreement in the Speech Production of L2 Speakers of English with L1 Chinese
Authors: Ma Yi , Zou Yige 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The experiment presented in this research is targeting a ‘positional’ stage of a ‘modular’ model of speech production originally proposed by Levelt (1989), Bock & Levelt (1994), where selected lemmas are inserted into syntactic frames. Results suggest a difference between L1 and L2 English speakers at the positional stage. While this might suggest that the speech planning process is different in native and non-native speakers, an alternative view is also proposed that the observed differences are the result of differences in the way that linguistic forms are stored, rather than a fundamental difference in the way that speech is planned. This result indicates main verb, copula be & local dependency effect are the three elements that affect the realization of English subject-verb agreement, and helps us locate the phase where L2 subject-verb agreement errors happen.
Effect of Morus alba root bark extract on gene-level expression of inflammatory markers in rats subjected to ethanol and cerulein induced pancreatitis– influence of heat shock protein 70
Authors: Yuvaraj Kavitha , Geetha Arumugam 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas clinically presented with severe abdominal pain, progressive fibrosis, and loss of exocrine and endocrine functions. Inflammasomes, cytosolic multiprotein complexes which regulate the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, are influenced by various factors including heat shock proteins (HSPs). Morus alba L., or white mulberry root bark is a valued traditional Asian medicine with a diverse array of phytochemicals. The aim of this investigation was to define the modulatory action of methanolic extract of Morus alba root bark (MEMARB) on NLRP3 inflammasome, and HSPs in pancreas subjected to inflammatory insult.

Methods
Pancreatitis was induced in male albino Wistar rats by ethanol (0–36%) and cerulein (20 µg/kg b.wt., i.p.) for 5 weeks with or without MEMARB administration. Serum lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio, oxidative stress index (OSI) and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in the pancreas were evaluated. Levels of serum HSP70 was quantified by ELISA. NF-kappa B, NLRP3-ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and HSP70 gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results
L/A ratio and oxidative stress determined in terms of OSI and GSH/GSSG ratio were elevated in pancreatitis-induced rats. The levels were restored in MEMARB co-administered animals. Serum level of HSP70 was increased in pancreatitis-induced animals and dropped significantly in MEMARB co-administrated rats. Pancreatitis-induced group showed increased expression of NF-kappa B, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, NLRP3-ASC and HSP70 mRNA than in MEMARB treated group.

Conclusions
It can be concluded that the M. alba root extract modulates the expression of HSP70 and NLRP3-ASC which might be attributed to its pancreato-protective effect.
Comparative study on effect of neutral spinal bath and neutral spinal spray on blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability in healthy volunteers
Authors: Goley Arundhati , Mooventhan A. , Manjunath NK. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Hydrotherapeutic applications to the head and spine have shown to improve cardiovascular and autonomic functions. There is lack of study reporting the effect of either neutral spinal bath (NSB) or neutral spinal spray (NSS). Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of both NSB and NSS in healthy volunteers.

Methods
Thirty healthy subjects were recruited and randomized into either neutral spinal bath group (NSBG) or neutral spinal spray group (NSSG). A single session of NSB, NSS was given for 15 min to the NSBG and NSSG, respectively. Assessments were taken before and after the interventions.

Results
Results of this study showed a significant reduction in low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency (HF) (LF/HF) ratio of heart rate variability (HRV) spectrum in NSBG compared with NSSG (p=0.026). Within-group analysis of both NSBG and NSSG showed a significant increase in the mean of the intervals between adjacent QRS complexes or the instantaneous heart rate (HR) (RRI) (p=0.002; p=0.009, respectively), along with a significant reduction in HR (p=0.002; p=0.004, respectively). But, a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0.037) and pulse pressure (PP) (p=0.017) was observed in NSSG, while a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p=0.008), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (p=0.008) and LF/HF ratio (p=0.041) was observed in NSBG.

Conclusion
Results of the study suggest that 15 min of both NSB and NSS might be effective in reducing HR and improving HRV. However, NSS is particularly effective in reducing SBP and PP, while NSB is particularly effective in reducing DBP and MAP along with improving sympathovagal balance in healthy volunteers.