bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Shifted Interface Method: A flexible approach to embedded interface computations
Authors: Li Kangan , Atallah Nabil M. , Main G. Alex , Scovazzi Guglielmo 
Published: September 2019

SummaryWe propose a new embedded finite element method to simulate partial differential equations over domains with internal interfaces. Our approach belongs to the family of surrogate/approximate interface methods and relies on the idea of shifting the location and value of jump interface conditions. This choice has the goal of preserving optimal convergence rates while avoiding small cut cells and related problematic issues, typical of traditional embedded methods. The proposed approach is accurate, robust, efficient, and simple to implement. We apply this concept to internal interface computations in the context of the mixed Poisson problem, also known as the Darcy flow problem. An extensive set of numerical tests is provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Periglacial deposits as indicators of paleotemperatures. A case study in the Iberian Peninsula: The mountains of Galicia
Authors: Viana‐Soto Alba , Pérez‐Alberti Augusto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, we provide a paleotemperature reconstruction based on periglacial deposits and landforms from the northwest Iberian Peninsula. We describe different types of periglacial deposits and landforms which were considered as paleoenvironmental archives. The occurrence of these landforms and deposits suggests that mean annual air temperatures must have been of ≤ −2°C for formation of block fields, block slopes and rock glaciers and ≥ 2°C for formation of stratified slope deposits, as indicated by their modern‐day analogs. The information obtained was used to construct paleotemperature maps by estimating temperature in relation to a standard altitudinal gradient. Two phases were differentiated. During the first phase, associated with the Maximum Glacial Advance (MGA) before 30 ka cal BP, the prevailing snow conditions favored the formation of stratified slope deposits and genesis of glaciers in all of the mountain systems, without the presence of permafrost. During the second phase, associated with the Glacial Maximum (GM) between 21 and 25 ka cal BP, colder conditions favored the presence of permafrost and genesis of block fields, block slopes and rock glaciers at elevations above 700 m. Temperature estimations ranged between around +6°C and − 6°C at an elevation of 2,000 m for the first phase, and between +2°C and − 10°C for the second phase. Due to limitations in estimating past climate conditions, the results should be considered as a first approximation to define northwest Iberian Peninsula paleotemperatures for the Late Pleistocene.
Resistance of some commercial walnut cultivars and genotypes toAceria tristriata(Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and its correlation with some plant features
Authors: Ahmad–Hosseini Mohammad , Khanjani Mohammad , Karamian Roya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe walnut leaf gall mite (WLGM) (Aceria tristriata(Nalepa)) is one of the major pests of walnut in western Iran. The use of a resistant variety is an economical and environment‐friendly method of pest control. The aim of the present study is to assess resistance of some walnut cultivars and genotypes in relation to WLGM. Also, the current research aimed to study a possible correlation between resistance with plant morphological and biochemical features.RESULTSBased on the leaf damage index (number of galls per leaf and plant, the percentage of infested leaves and the percentage of leaf injury area) induced by WLGM, the studied cultivars and genotypes were classified into four groups from susceptible to approximately resistant. Free‐choice experiments indicated that Jamal and Chandler cultivars were colonized by lower densities of WLGM, whereas Seedling, Hartly, Lara and Z60 hosted denser populations. In antibiosis assay, the highest mite density was created in the galls on the leaves of Seedling and Hartly, whereas lowest mite density was observed in galled leaves of Chandler and Jamal cultivars.CONCLUSIONResults from biochemical assays showed that nearly all evaluated biomarkers had negative correlation with number of galls per leaf and mite density. Generally, resistant cultivars (Chandler, Jamal and Pedro) significantly produced defensive compounds more than those of controls after mite infestation. Also, it is worth noting that, the content of photosynthetic pigments significantly reduced in susceptible cultivars after mite infestation. The obtained results from this study can be useful for provisional resistance screening. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of lime sulfur on Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus macropilis, two naturally occurring enemies of the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Vacacela Ajila Henry E , Oliveira Eugênio E , Lemos Felipe , Haddi Khalid , Colares Felipe , Marques Gonçalves Pedro H , Venzon Madelaine , Pallini Angelo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe application of lime sulfur is a common practice used to control arthropod pests in organic production of fruits. However, the unintended effects of this insecticide preparation on non‐targeted organisms have not received the adequate attention. Here, we evaluated the lime sulfur toxicity on the phytophagous mites Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and on two predatory mite species [i.e., Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks)] (Acari: Phytoseiidae) of natural occurrence in strawberry plants. We also assessed the repellency and potential effects on the oviposition rates and the egg viability of mites that were exposed to field‐used lime sulfur concentrations (i.e., 2%).RESULTSThe lime sulfur exhibited higher toxicity to the predators N. californicus (LC50 = 5.4 [4.5%–6.8%]) and P. macropilis (LC50 = 5.0 [4.0%–6.5%]) than to the phytophagous T. urticae (LC50 = 12.4 [9.0%–17.1%]). However, the exposure to field‐applied concentrations resulted in higher reductions on the oviposition rate of T. urticae (36%) than on the predatory mites (N. californicus = 18%. P. macropilis = 19%). Interestingly, although the egg viability of P. macropilis was less affected (i.e., reduction of 50%) by such lime sulfur exposures, these mites were unable to avoid lime sulfur‐treated areas. Egg viability of N. californicus was only 18.6%.CONCLUSIONLime sulfur at field‐applied concentrations harmed T. urticae fecundity and fertility and it showed selectivity against naturally occurring predatory mites, which reinforces its potential as a tool for integrated mite pest management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Compensation of dynamic electromagnetic field distortion using simultaneous localization and mapping method with application in endobronchial ultrasound‐transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) guidance
Authors: Navaei Lavasani Saeedeh , Deevband Mohammadreza , Farnia Parastoo , Ahmadian Alireza , Saghatchi Samaneh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundElectromagnetic (EM)‐based navigation methods without line‐of‐sight restrictions may improve lymph node sampling precision in transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) procedure. However, EM tracking susceptibility to metallic objects severely declines its precision.MethodWe proposed to track the location of a tool in a dynamic bronchial phantom and compensate field distortion in a real‐time procedure. Extended Kalman filter simultaneous localization and mapping (EKF‐SLAM) algorithm employ the bronchial motion and observations of a redundant sensor. The proposed approach was applied to the phantom with four different amplitudes of breathing motion in the presence of two types of field‐distorting objects.ResultsThe proposed approach improved the accuracy of EM tracking on average from 18.94 ±1.17 mm to 4.59 ±0.29 mm and from 14.2 ±0.69 mm to 4.31 ±0.18mm in the presence of steel and aluminum, respectively.ConclusionsWith EM tracking position error reduction based on the EKF‐SLAM technique, the approach is appeared promising for a navigated ultrasound TBNA procedure.
Efficacy of silicone sheet as a personalized barrier for preventing adhesion reformation after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis of intrauterine adhesions
Authors: Azumaguchi Atsushi , Henmi Hirofumi , Saito Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of silicone sheet as a new type of barrier for preventing adhesion reformation following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs).MethodsHysteroscopic adhesiolysis was performed for 36 patients with IUAs. The adhesion reformation rate was retrospectively compared between 26 patients treated with silicone sheet (group 1) and 10 patients treated with an intrauterine device wrapped in oxidized regenerated cellulose as a barrier (group 2). For patients in group 1, a 1‐mm‐thick silicone sheet was cut to fit the size and shape of the individual uterine cavity as a personalized barrier.ResultsThe size and shape of each silicone sheet used for patients in group 1 differed significantly. The adhesion reformation rate was significantly lower in group 1 (4/26, 15.4%) than in group 2 (4/10, 40.0%; P = 0.03), although the pregnancy rate (14/20, 70.0% vs. 5/10, 50.0%; P = 0.28) and miscarriage rate (2/14, 14.3% vs. 1/5, 20.0%; P = 0.72) were not significantly different.ConclusionUse of silicone sheets appears to be effective for preventing adhesion reformation following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis of IUAs. This is the first study to investigate the efficacy of silicone sheet used as a personalized barrier for preventing IUAs.
Stability analysis of interconnected nonlinear fractional‐order systems via a single‐state variable control
Authors: Yu Zhongming , Sun Yue , Dai Xin , Ye Zhaohong 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThis paper is devoted to investigating the stability of interconnected nonlinear fractional‐order systems via a single‐state variable control. First of all, based on stability theory, the Grönwall‐Bellman lemma and the Mittag‐Leffler function, the relevant stability results are derived. The obtained results are general and can further extend the application range. Meanwhile, an improved single‐state variable control method is introduced. The control scheme only needs to control some state variable of the system or some subsystem(s) to realize and any additional restrictions are not added. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained results is demonstrated by several typical examples. Besides, by comparison, simulation results show that the proposed control method can indeed decrease the design and control cost and improve flexibility of control.
Dam construction in Francoist Spain in the 1950s and 1960s: Negotiating the future and the past
Authors: Brendel Benjamin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the 1950s and 1960s, dams were crucial to governmental campaigns for development, progress, and modernity in many world regions. This article focuses on the local aspects of a particular development scheme, namely, the construction of the Mequinenza Dam in Spain (1955–1964). This case study shows that dams were contested on a local level from the beginning, even within authoritarian contexts like Francoist Spain. It offers a closer look at processes of transformation and contestation in connection with the construction of dams, focusing on the actors, their points of view and arguments. It shows that the cleavages between interest groups that were later dichotomously labeled as strong supporters or opponents of the ideas connected to the dam construction were complex and shifted over time. These findings are relevant today because they show how the notion of development through dam building was controversial per se and challenged from the beginning.
On the Chemistry and Diffusion of Hydrogen in the Interstitial Space of Layered Crystals h‐BN, MoS2, and Graphite
Authors: An Yun , Kuc Agnieszka , Petkov Petko , Lozada‐Hidalgo Marcelo , Heine Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent experiments have demonstrated transport and separation of hydrogen isotopes through the van der Waals gap in hexagonal boron nitride and molybdenum disulfide bulk layered materials. However, the experiments cannot distinguish if the transported particles are protons (H+) or protium (H) atoms. Here, reported are the theoretical studies, which indicate that protium atoms, rather than protons, are transported through the gap. First‐principles calculations combined with well‐tempered metadynamics simulations at finite temperature reveal that for h‐BN and MoS2, the diffusion mechanism of both protons and protium (H) atoms involves a hopping process between adjacent layers. This process is assisted by low‐energy phonon shear modes. The extracted diffusion coefficient of protium matches the experiment, while for protons it is several orders of magnitude smaller. This indicates that protium atoms are responsible for the experimental observations. These results allow for a comprehensive interpretation of experimental results on the transport of hydrogen isotopes through van der Waals gaps and can help identify other materials for hydrogen isotope separation applications.
Boosting High‐Rate Sodium Storage Performance of N‐Doped Carbon‐Encapsulated Na3V2(PO4)3 Nanoparticles Anchoring on Carbon Cloth
Authors: Li Wei , Yao Zhujun , Zhou Cheng‐ao , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe further development of high‐power sodium‐ion batteries faces the severe challenge of achieving high‐rate cathode materials. Here, an integrated flexible electrode is constructed by smart combination of a conductive carbon cloth fiber skeleton and N‐doped carbon (NC) shell on Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) nanoparticles via a simple impregnation method. In addition to the great electronic conductivity and high flexibility of carbon cloth, the NC shell also promotes ion/electron transport in the electrode. The flexible NVP@NC electrode renders preeminent rate capacities (80.7 mAh g−1 at 50 C for cathode; 48 mAh g−1 at 30 C for anode) and superior cycle performance. A flexible symmetric NVP@NC//NVP@NC full cell is endowed with fairly excellent rate performance as well as good cycle stability. The results demonstrate a powerful polybasic strategy design for fabricating electrodes with optimal performance.
Highly Sensitive, Fast Response Perovskite Photodetectors Demonstrated in Weak Light Detection Circuit and Visible Light Communication System
Authors: Li Chenglong , Lu Jiaorong , Zhao Yan , Sun Liya , Wang Guoxin , Ma Yao , Zhang Shiming , Zhou Jingran , Shen Liang , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) photodetectors have presented unprecedented device performance mainly owing to outstanding material properties. However, the solution‐processed OIHP polycrystalline thin films with defective surface and grain boundaries always impair the key parameter of photodetectors. Herein, a nonfullerene passivation layer exhibits more efficient passivation for OIHP materials to dramatically reduce the trap density of state, yielding a dark current as low as 2.6 × 10−8 A cm−2 under −0.1 V. In addition, the strong absorption in near‐infrared (NIR) region of nonfullerene/C60 heterojunction broadens the detectable range to over 900 nm by effective charge transport, ultimately leading to a specific detectivity of 1.45 × 1012 and 7.37 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 650 and 820 nm, respectively. Encouragingly, the response speed of 27 ns is obtained at 0.6 mm2 of device area by removing constrain from the resistance–capacitance constant. Moreover, the prominent practical application of the photodetector is demonstrated in a weak light detection circuit and a visible light communication system. It is believed that the OIHP photodetectors with high sensitivity, NIR photoresponse, and ultrafast speed would pave the way to commercial applications.
Anisotropic Excitation Polarization Response from a Single White Light‐Emitting β‐NaYF4:Yb3+,Pr3+ Microcrystal
Authors: Yang Dandan , Peng Zixing , Zhan Qiuqiang , Huang Xiongjian , Peng Xingyun , Guo Xin , Dong Guoping , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrecise knowledge about optical and structural performance of individual rare earth (RE)‐doped particles is extremely important for the optimization of luminescent particles and for fully exploiting their capability as multifunctional probes for interdisciplinary applications. In this work, optical and structural anisotropy of individual particles through RE‐doped single fluoride microcrystals with controllable morphology is reported. Unique luminescent phenomena, for example, white light‐emission from Pr3+ at single particle level and different photoluminescent spectra variation dependence on excitation polarization orientation at different excitation direction are observed upon excitation with a 980 nm linearly polarized laser. Based on the analysis of local site symmetry and electron cloud distribution of REs in hexagonal structure by density functional theory calculations, an exciting mechanism of excitation polarization response anisotropy is given for the first time, providing a guidance for emission polarization simultaneously. The structural anisotropy is presented in Raman spectra with obvious differing Raman curves, revealing the reason why there are differences between powder groups. Taking advantage of anisotropic crystals, potential applications in microscopic multi‐information transportation are suggested for the optical and structural performance anisotropy from RE‐doped fluoride single nano/microcrystals to ordered nano/microcrystal arrays, such as local rate probing in a flowing liquid.
The Challenges, Opportunities and Performance of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Post-TRIPS
Authors: Dhar Biswajit , Joseph Reji K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIndia’s generic pharmaceutical producers face numerous challenges after the country’s patent law was amended to make it compatible with the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Two amendments were significant: introduction of product patent regime covering the area of pharmaceuticals, replacing the process patent regime existing earlier, and increase in patent term for pharmaceutical patents to 20 years, from the earlier 5–7 years (5 years from sealing of patent or 7 years from the date of application, whichever was lower). India’s pre-TRIPS patent regime that did not allow product patents in the pharmaceutical sector provided the impetus for the emergence of a generic pharmaceutical industry from the 1980s.How did the Indian pharmaceutical industry respond to the challenges posed by the TRIPS-consistent patent regime, in particular the product patent regime? This paper analysed a number of functional parameters to answer this question.Analysis of the parameters explaining the size and the operational strengths of the major companies in the industry did not suggest structural weaknesses in the generic companies. They continued to remain the leaders in the industry, both in terms of invested capital and size of operations. They remained viable: their profit rates were higher than those in most major manufacturing sectors in India.Although the major generic companies are all producers of generic medicines, they continued to invest sizeable shares of their sales turnover in research and development (R&D). They have been active in taking patents, but their filings in foreign jurisdictions were significantly higher.
Genetically Modified Foods in China: Regulation, Deregulation, or Governance?
Authors: Sun Juanjuan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhether to regulate or deregulate genetically modified food is an international debate, and each country or region has put forward specific policies and legislation based on its own special needs. When it comes to China, technological innovation, economic development, and food security and safety are significant considerations during the decision-making process. This chapter will outline these considerations and examine their influences on the formulation of policies and legislation on genetically modified foods and then point out the trend of government regulations and regulatory debates in China before ending with a conclusion.
The Growth of the Indian Automobile Industry: Analysis of the Roles of Government Policy and Other Enabling Factors
Authors: Miglani Smita 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe automobile industry is one of the most important drivers of economic growth of India and one with high participation in global value chains. The growth of this sector has been on the back of strong government support which has helped it carve a unique path among the manufacturing sectors of India. The automobiles produced in the country uniquely cater to the demands of low- and middle-income groups of population which makes this sector stand out among the other automobile-producing countries. This chapter analyzes the roles of government policy, infrastructure, and other enabling factors in the expansion of the automobile and automotive component sectors of India. In 2017, India became the world’s fourth largest automobile market, and the demand for Indian vehicles continues to grow in the domestic and international markets. To meet the future needs of customers (including the electrical vehicles) and stay ahead of competition, manufacturers are now catching up on upgradation, digitization, and automation. The chapter also analyzes India’s national policy in light of these developments.
The connection between holographic entanglement and complexity of purification
Authors: Ghodrati Mahdis , Kuang Xiao-Mei , Wang Bin , Zhang Cheng-Yong , Zhou Yu-Ting 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this work we study how entanglement of purification (EoP) and the new quantity of “complexity of purification” are related to each other using theEP=EWconjecture. First, we consider two strips in the same side of a boundary and study the relationships between the entanglement of purification of this mixed state and the parameters of the system such as dimension, temperature, length of the strips and the distance between them. Next, using the same setup, we introduce two definitions for the complexity of mixed states, complexity of purification (CoP) and the interval volume (VI). We study their connections to other parameters similar to the EoP case. Then, we extend our study to more general examples of BTZ black holes solution in massive gravity, charged black holes and multipartite systems. Finally, we give various interpretations of our results using resource theories such as LOCC and also bit thread picture.
Transitional Care in Rheumatology: a Review of the Literature from the Past 5 Years
Authors: McDonagh Janet E. , Farre Albert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Effective transitional care for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with rheumatic musculoskeletal disease (RMD) is fundamental to rheumatology care provision. Here we review the recent evidence from the literature on transition in rheumatology and debate why universal implementation has yet to be recognised.

Recent Findings
Evidence of need for transitional care continues to be reported. The triphasic nature of transitional care remains poorly recognised, and the third phase following transfer to adult rheumatology is particularly under-researched in spite of the recognition of the age-related trajectories of transition skill development during young adulthood. Several rheumatology-specific transitional care interventions have now been evaluated but the search for valid measures including outcome continues. Finally, the need to study transition at a health system level is increasingly recognised.

Summary
Future research in this area should consider the developmental trajectories of AYA as well as the social-ecological model of transition readiness, which focuses on the interactions between AYA, caregivers and providers (and the systems they are part of) as these are the likely targets of any intervention to improve health transitions.