bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropomyosins in mosquito and house dust mite cross‐react at the humoral and cellular level
Authors: Cantillo Jose F. , Puerta Leonardo , Fernandez‐Caldas Enrique , Subiza Jose L. , Soria Irene , Wöhrl Stefan , Ebner Christof , Keller Walter , Resch‐Marat Yvonne , Vrtala Susanne , Bohle Barbara 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundAedes aegypti and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus contain important allergens including cross‐reactive tropomyosins. However, the functional and clinical relevance of their cross‐reactivity is still debated.ObjectiveTo analyse the humoral and cellular cross‐reactivity of recombinant Aed a 10.01, Aed a 10.02 and Der p 10.MethodsSera from 15 Austrian house dust mite‐allergic, Der p 10‐sensitized individuals were tested for IgE reactivity to recombinant tropomyosins in ELISA, inhibition ELISA and basophil activation tests. BALB/c mice were immunized with Aed a 10.01 or Aed a 10.02, and their sera were assessed for reactivity to all tropomyosins. Splenocytes were stimulated with all tropomyosins and synthetic peptides representing the amino acid sequence of Aed a 10.01.ResultsIgE antibodies of Der p 10‐sensitized patients cross‐reacted with both tropomyosins from A. aegypti. Aed a 10.01 was a more potent inhibitor of IgE binding to Der p 10 and a stronger activator of basophils sensitized with Der p 10‐specific IgE than Aed a 10.02. Murine antibodies raised against Aed a 10.01 and Aed a 10.02 cross‐reacted with Der p 10. Aed a 10.01‐specific antibody showed stronger cross‐reactivity with Der p 10 than Aed a 10.02‐specific antibody. Splenocytes from both groups of mice proliferated similarly to all tropomyosins. Five cross‐reactive T cell‐activating regions were identified.Conclusion and Clinical relevanceTropomyosins from D. pteronyssinus and A. aegypti show humoral and cellular cross‐reactivity, involving 5 potential T cell‐activating regions. The more pronounced cross‐reactivity of Aed a 10.01 and Der p 10 matched the higher sequence similarity of both proteins.
Linkages between measures of biodiversity and community resilience in Pacific Island agroforests
Authors: Ticktin Tamara , Quazi Shimona , Dacks Rachel , Tora Mesulame , McGuigan Ashley , Hastings Zoe , Naikatini Alivereti 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDesigning agroecosystems that are compatible with the conservation of biodiversity is a top conservation priority. However, the social variables that drive native biodiversity conservation in these systems are poorly understood. We devised a new approach to identify social–ecological linkages that affect conservation outcomes in agroecosystems and in social‐ecological systems more broadly. We focused on coastal agroforests in Fiji, which, like agroforests across other small Pacific Islands, are critical to food security, contain much of the country's remaining lowland forests, and have rapidly declining levels of native biodiversity. We tested the relationships among social variables and native tree species richness in agroforests with structural equation models. The models were built with data from ecological and social surveys in 100 agroforests and associated households. The agroforests hosted 95 native tree species of which almost one‐third were endemic. Fifty‐eight percent of farms had at least one species considered threatened at the national or international level. The best‐fit structural equation model (R2 = 47.8%) showed that social variables important for community resilience—local ecological knowledge, social network connectivity, and livelihood diversity—had direct and indirect positive effects on native tree species richness. Cash‐crop intensification, a driver of biodiversity loss elsewhere, did not negatively affect native tree richness within parcels. Joining efforts to build community resilience, specifically by increasing livelihood diversity, local ecological knowledge, and social network connectivity, may help conservation agencies conserve the rapidly declining biodiversity in the region.
Differences in patterns of cannabis use among youth: Prevalence, perceptions of harm and driving under the influence in the USA where non‐medical cannabis markets have been established, proposed and prohibited
Authors: Wadsworth Elle , Hammond David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsCannabis use is the most widely used illicit substance in the USA. Currently, over half of US jurisdictions have legalised medical cannabis and nine US jurisdictions (and Washington DC) have legalised non‐medical cannabis. Comparisons across jurisdictions can help to evaluate the impact of these policies. The current study examined patterns of cannabis use among youth in three categories: (i) states that have legalised non‐medical cannabis with established markets; (ii) jurisdictions that recently legalised non‐medical cannabis without established markets; and (iii) all other jurisdictions where non‐medical cannabis is prohibited.Design and MethodsData come from an online survey conducted among 4097 US youth aged 16–19 recruited through a commercial panel in July/August 2017. Regression models were fitted to examine differences between regulatory categories for cannabis consumption, perceived access to cannabis, modes of use, perceptions of harm and cannabis‐impaired driving. All estimates represent weighted data.ResultsStates that had legalised non‐medical cannabis had higher prevalence, easier access and lower driving rates than non‐legal states. There were few differences between states with established non‐medical cannabis markets and those that had recently legalised.Discussion and ConclusionsCannabis use among youth was higher in states that have legalised non‐medical cannabis, regardless of how long the policy had been implemented or whether markets had been established. This suggests that differences between states with and without legal non‐medical cannabis may partly be due to longer‐term patterns established prior and highlights the importance of longitudinal evidence to evaluate the impact of cannabis policies.
Thermoresponsive aerification and tissue vacuolization for facilitating endoscopic submucosal resection
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Kuangjing , Chen Yingtong , Liu Wenjie , Liu Li , Wang Xiang , Zhao Lili , Fan Zhining 
Published: July 2018

Background and AimsMucosal lifting and its persistence are critical for maintaining the operational space and preventing perforation in endoscopic operation. Although numerous agents have been investigated, optimization is still required for improving their clinical performance. In the present study, we proposed a novel concept of thermoresponsive aerification and tissue vacuolization for submucosal injection.MethodsLifting performance and operational condition were first evaluated in porcine stomachs in vitro and rabbits in vivo. Dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) injection dosage, lifting persistency and operational assistance were quantitatively recorded. Gross and histological pathology were also analyzed to identify DDFP acute toxicity and long‐term safety. The endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) procedure with DDFP was carried out on pigs in vivo to confirm its operational feasibility, efficacy, and safety.ResultsDodecafluoropentane aerification could achieve better mucosal lift with lower dosage (1% of normal saline dosage). Thermoresponsive DDFP aerification could provide continuous replenishment and longer persistence. Meanwhile, its tissue vacuolization effect significantly facilitated submucosal tissue dissection in in vitro study. Similar performance was verified in vivo. The particular vacuole‐like submucosal structure was seen after DDFP onset, which also promoted reepithelization and wound healing. No tissue damage, gas embolism, biotoxicity, and physicochemical risk were observed.ConclusionBioinert DDFP was feasible, efficient, and safe as the novel submucosal lifting candidate.
Etiology of acute ischaemic cerebrovascular disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis: changes with progression of anti‐inflammatory therapy
Authors: Hashimoto H. , Kawamura M. , Yukami T. , Ishihara M. , Bamba Y. , Kaneshiro S. , Tsuboi H. , Yamamoto K. 
Published: July 2018

Background and purposeIn patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) level is associated with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (iCVD). Acute iCVD patients with RA were investigated, assessing changes of clinical characteristics and CRP with progress in RA treatment.MethodsPatients hospitalized for acute iCVD from August 2002 to February 2018 were divided into two groups at February 2010. Patients with RA were retrospectively identified. The incidence of RA, the occurrence of acute exacerbation of inflammation due to causes other than synovitis preceding iCVD (non‐synovitis AEI) and serum CRP were compared.ResultsIn the first and second periods, 23/1203 patients (1.9%) and 22/1094 patients (2.0%) respectively had acute iCVD with RA. Non‐synovitis AEI was significantly less frequent in the second period (5%, n = 1) than in the first period (35%, n = 8) (P < 0.05). CRP was significantly lower at iCVD onset in the second period [median and interquartile range 2.72 (0.89–4.5) mg/dl vs. 0.34 (0.12–1.19) mg/dl, P < 0.01]. Excluding nine patients with non‐synovitis AEI, CRP was still lower in the second period [1.21 (0.47–2.72) mg/dl vs. 0.33 (0.11–0.98) mg/dl, P < 0.01]. CRP levels before both iCVD and non‐synovitis AEI tended to be lower in the second period [1.53 (0.3–2.78) mg/dl vs. 0.69 (0.06–1.28) mg/dl, P = 0.059]. Two patients using tocilizumab developed iCVD despite persistently low CRP levels.ConclusionsWith progress in treatment, RA‐related inflammation was better suppressed and CRP decreased, but the prevalence of RA amongst acute iCVD patients was unchanged. Strategies for tighter control of inflammation are needed, and a new biomarker may be required in patients using tocilizumab.
Freshwater eels: A symbol of the effects of global change
Authors: Drouineau Hilaire , Durif Caroline , Castonguay Martin , Mateo Maria , Rochard Eric , Verreault Guy , Yokouchi Kazuki , Lambert Patrick 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTemperate eelsAnguilla anguilla(European eel),A. rostrata(American eel) andA. japonica(Japanese eel) are three catadromous species which have been declining since the 1970s/1980s despite their remarkable adaptive capacity. Because of their specific life cycles, which share distant oceanic spawning grounds and continental growth stage, eels are affected by five components of the global change: (a) climate change affecting larval survival and drift, (b) an increase in pollution leading to high levels of contamination exacerbated by their high lipid levels, (c) increasing fragmentation and habitat loss that reduce dramatically the amount of available habitats and induce increased spawner mortality, (d) the appearance ofAnguillicola crassusa parasitic alien nematode that impairs spawning success, and (e) the impact of commercial and recreational fisheries for all life stages of eel. In this context, the rapid increases of pressures during the “Great Acceleration” have surpassed the adaptive capacity of eels. This illustrates that cumulative effects of global change can lead to the collapse of species, even in species that have amazingly high adaptive capacities.
Self‐inflicted fracture of expanding surface precipitates
Authors: Reheman Wureguli , Ståhle Per 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis work concerns spontaneous fracture of growing brittle precipitates in an elastic plastic matrix. The mass of the precipitate is increasing as more transformed matrix material is added to it. Under stress‐free conditions, the new phase occupies a larger volume than the original matrix material. Just outside the expanding precipitate, the matrix undergoes stretching beyond the elastic limit. The influence of the elastic plastic material behaviour is studied. A phase field model that keeps track of the phase composition is used. Both cases with a crack and without a crack are included. The growth histories from microscopic to macroscopic precipitate sizes are followed. Growth of the precipitate is very slow and quasi‐static mechanical equilibrium is assumed at all time. The result is compared with observations of hydride blisters that are formed on surfaces of zirconium alloys. The numerical model is qualified against a derived exact solution for a cylindrical precipitate without a crack. The numerical result predicts a position of the growing crack that is confirmed by the observations. Also, the predicted length of the crack is in fair agreement with the experimental observations. The depth of the blister is slightly larger than what is found at the experiments. Also, it is found that the incorporated transformed phase rejects the compression, which creates an increasing tensile stress in the inner part of the precipitate.
A new frequency domain method for random fatigue life estimation in a wide‐band stationary Gaussian random process
Authors: Han Qinghua , Li Jia , Xu Jie , Ye Fei , Carpinteri Alberto , Lacidogna Giuseppe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new frequency domain method for random fatigue life estimation in a wide‐band stationary Gaussian random process was proposed for application in fatigue analysis. Simulations of the power spectral densities of different types were firstly performed; the simulated results showed that the accuracy and applicability for the current frequency domain methods are not only related to the spectral type but also associated with the types of the analysed materials. Compared with the current methods, the proposed method, in which the rain‐flow amplitude obeys Nakagami distribution, has better universality and could significantly reduce the error for the random fatigue life estimation with simulated and actual spectra. Verified application in cast‐steel fatigue life analysis were performed between random fatigue life and constant amplitude fatigue life. It is shown that the fatigue life analysis under random load cannot be ignored and the proposed new method can serve as a recommended method.
“Too‐Small‐To‐Survive” versus “Too‐Big‐To‐Fail” banks: The two sides of the same coin
Authors: Grammatikos Theoharry , Papanikolaou Nikolaos I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the recent crisis, the U.S. authorities bailed out numerous banks through TARP, whilst let many others to fail as going concern entities. Even though both interventions fully protect depositors, a bail out represents an implied subsidy to shareholders, which is not yet the case with closures where creditors are not subsidised. We investigate this non‐uniform policy, demonstrating that size and not performance is the decision variable that endogenously determines one threshold below which banks are treated as TSTS by regulators and another one above which are considered to be TBTF. We, hence, provide a pair of economic rather than regulatory cut‐offs for TBTF and TSTS banks. The shareholders and the other uninsured creditors of a distressed bank are not bailed out if the bank is considered to be TSTS. We further document that the less complex a bank is, the less likely is to be bailed out and, hence, to have all of its creditors protected.
The impact of multilateral trading facilities on price discovery
Authors: Buckle Mike , Chen Jing , Guo Qian , Li Xiaoxi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOur study aims to examine whether market segmentation and competition manifested in the proliferation of multilateral trading facilities (MTFs) improve market quality after the implementation of MiFID. To do this, we employ the Common Factor Weight and Weighted Price Contribution methods to study relative price discovery for three major MTFs—LSE, BATS, and Turquoise, using intra‐day, five‐minute transaction prices. The results suggest that the two trading venues, BATS and Turquoise, contribute more to impounding fundamental information, implying a shift in price dominance from traditional LSE to MTFs. In addition, the intra‐day price contributions of MTFs are higher than those of LSE, especially during the first and last periods of the day. The estimated average daily price contributions are consistent with this result.
Postfire nitrogen balance of Mediterranean shrublands: Direct combustion losses versus gaseous and leaching losses from the postfire soil mineral nitrogen flush
Authors: Dannenmann Michael , Díaz‐Pinés Eugenio , Kitzler Barbara , Karhu Kristiina , Tejedor Javier , Ambus Per , Parra Antonio , Sánchez‐Martin Laura , Resco Victor , Ramírez David A. , Povoas‐Guimaraes Luciano , Willibald Georg , Gasche Rainer , Zechmeister‐Boltenstern Sophie , Kraus David , Castaldi Simona , Vallejo Antonio , Rubio Agustín , Moreno Jose M. , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFire is a major factor controlling global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. While direct C and N losses caused by combustion have been comparably well established, important knowledge gaps remain on postfire N losses. Here, we quantified both direct C and N combustion losses as well as postfire gaseous losses (N2O, NO and N2) and N leaching after a high‐intensity experimental fire in an old shrubland in central Spain. Combustion losses of C and N were 9.4 Mg C/ha and 129 kg N/ha, respectively, representing 66% and 58% of initial aboveground vegetation and litter stocks. Moreover, fire strongly increased soil mineral N concentrations by several magnitudes to a maximum of 44 kg N/ha 2 months after the fire, with N largely originating from dead soil microbes. Postfire soil emissions increased from 5.4 to 10.1 kg N ha−1 year−1 for N2, from 1.1 to 1.9 kg N ha−1 year−1 for NO and from 0.05 to 0.2 kg N ha−1 year−1 for N2O. Maximal leaching losses occurred 2 months after peak soil mineral N concentrations, but remained with 0.1 kg N ha−1 year−1 of minor importance for the postfire N mass balance. 15N stable isotope labelling revealed that 33% of the mineral N produced by fire was incorporated in stable soil N pools, while the remainder was lost. Overall, our work reveals significant postfire N losses dominated by emissions of N2 that need to be considered when assessing fire effects on ecosystem N cycling and mass balance. We propose indirect N gas emissions factors for the first postfire year, equalling to 7.7% (N2‐N), 2.7% (NO‐N) and 5.0% (N2O‐N) of the direct fire combustion losses of the respective N gas species.
The high expression of FOXA1 is correlated with a favourable prognosis in salivary duct carcinomas: a study of 142 cases
Authors: Urano Makoto , Hirai Hideaki , Tada Yuichiro , Kawakita Daisuke , Shimura Tomotaka , Tsukahara Kiyoaki , Kano Satoshi , Ozawa Hiroyuki , Okami Kenji , Sato Yuichiro , Fushimi Chihiro , Shimizu Akira , Takase Soichiro , Okada Takuro , Sato Hiroki , Imanishi Yorihisa , Otsuka Kuninori , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Sakai Akihiro , Ebisumoto Koji , Togashi Takafumi , Ueki Yushi , Ota Hisayuki , Sato Yukiko , Saigusa Natsuki , Nakaguro Masato , Hanazawa Toyoyuki , Nagao Toshitaka 
Published: July 2018

AimsSalivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an uncommon, aggressive tumour that, histologically, resembles high‐grade mammary ductal carcinoma, and is characterised by the expression of androgen receptor (AR). The androgen signalling pathway, a potential therapeutic target, can be regulated by FOXA1. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological implications of FOXA1 in SDC.Methods and resultsWe examined the relationship between the immunoexpression of FOXA1 and FOXA1 mutations and clinicopathological factors, including the biomarker status and clinical outcome, in 142 SDCs. FOXA1 was expressed in 128 SDCs (90.1%); the immunoexpression was heterogeneous. SDCs with a higher FOXA1 labelling index (LI) (≥20%) more frequently showed less advanced tumors on T classification (P = 0.002). FOXA1 LI was correlated positively with the AR expression value (r = 0.430, P < 0.001). PI3K and p‐mTOR positivity, and intact‐PTEN, were associated with a higher FOXA1 LI. Twenty‐two of 121 SDCs (18.2%) harboured FOXA1 gene mutations at the flanking regions in and around the forkhead DNA binding domain; however, the given gene mutation and the expression of FOXA1 were not significantly correlated. A multivariate analysis revealed that SDCs with a higher FOXA1 LI were associated with longer overall survival and progression‐free survival (P = 0.029 and 0.016, respectively).ConclusionsIn SDC, FOXA1, which may biologically interact with the AR and PI3K signalling pathways, is a putative biomarker that may be associated with a favourable prognosis. Further studies are needed to apply the findings to the development of targeted personalised therapy for patients with SDC.
To prescribe, or not to prescribe: decision making in HIV‐1 post‐exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Scholten M , Suárez I , Platten M , Kümmerle T , Jung N , Wyen C , Ernst A , Horn C , Burst V , Suárez V , Rybniker J , Fätkenheuer G , Lehmann C 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesWe investigated the trend in usage of post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after HIV‐1 risk exposure and evaluated PEP prescription decision making of physicians according to guidelines.MethodsAll PEP consultations from January 2014 to December 2016 in patients presenting at the University Hospital of Cologne (Germany) were retrospectively analysed. HIV risk contacts included sexual and occupational exposure. The European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) Guidelines for HIV PEP (version 9.0, 2017) were used for assessment.ResultsA total of 649 patients presented at the emergency department (ED) or the clinic for infectious diseases (IDC) for PEP consultations. A continuous increase in the number of PEP requests was recorded: 189 in 2014, 208 in 2015 and 252 in 2016. PEP consultations in men who have sex with men (MSM) showed a remarkable increase in 2016 (2014, n = 96; 2015, n = 101; 2016, n = 152). Decisions taken by physicians with a specialization in infectious diseases (n = 547) included 61 (11%) guideline‐discordant prescriptions [2014: 14% (n = 22); 2015: 9% (n = 16); 2016: 11% (n = 23)]. Among these, sexual exposure accounted for 45 (74%) cases, including 15 cases of nonconsensual sex, while occupational exposure accounted for 14 (23%) cases and other exposure two cases (3%). The main reason for guideline‐discordant PEP prescriptions was emotional stress of the patient (n = 37/61).ConclusionsPEP prescriptions are increasing and decision making is influenced by patients’ emotional stress, but PEP prescriptions should be strictly administered according to risk assessment.
Regulatory T cells control epitope spreading in autoimmune arthritis independent of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4
Authors: Yang Min , Klocke Katrin , Hernandez Clara Marquina , Xu Bingze , Gjertsson Inger , Wing Kajsa , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells can control both cellular and humoral immune responses; however, when and how Treg cells play a predominant role in regulating autoimmune disease remains elusive. To deplete Treg cells in vivo at given time‐points, we used a mouse strain, susceptible to glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase peptide‐induced arthritis (GIA), in which the deletion of Treg cells can be controlled by diphtheria toxin treatment. By depleting Treg cells in the GIA mouse model, we found that a temporary lack of Treg cells at both priming and onset exaggerated disease development. Ablation of Treg cells led to the expansion of antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells including granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, interferon‐γ and interleukin‐17‐producing T cells, and promoted both T‐cell and B‐cell epitope spreading, which perpetuated arthritis. Interestingly, specific depletion of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) on Treg cells only, was sufficient to protect mice from GIA, due to the expansion of CTLA‐4− Treg cells expressing alternative suppressive molecules. Collectively, our findings suggest that Treg cells, independently of CTLA‐4, act as the key driving force in controlling autoimmune arthritis development.