bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerometer‐based heart rate adjustment for ambulatory stress research
Authors: van de Ven Sjors R. B. , Gevonden Martin J. , Noordzij Matthijs L. , de Geus Eco J. C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUsing heart rate (HR) measurements to detect mental stress in naturalistic settings is hampered by the physiological impact of hemodynamic and metabolic demands. Correcting HR for these demands can help isolate fluctuations in HR associated with psychosocial stress responses, a concept termed additional heart rate (aHR). This study examined whether adding predictors for posture, activity type, and lagged movement intensity for the prolonged impact of physical activity (PA) improved aHR estimation across various manipulations of mental stress, posture, and PA in a controlled laboratory environment (n = 197). Accelerometer signals were used to obtain the movement intensity and to classify posture and activity type. Posture, activity type, and lagged movement intensity each led to a significant improvement in HR estimation, as measured by adjusted R2 and root mean squared error. However, HR was overestimated during quiet sitting. The aHR, computed as the difference between observed and predicted HR, generally underestimated observed task‐baseline reactivity but was sensitive to individual differences in reactivity to mental stressors. Between‐subject correlations of aHR with task‐baseline reactivity ranged from 0.62 to 0.93 across conditions. On a within‐subject level, the ability of aHR to differentiate between exposure to physical stress and mental stress was limited (recall = 0.32, precision = 0.31), but better than that of observed HR (recall = 0.02, precision = 0.02). Future research should explore the potential of this novel aHR estimation method in differentiating physical and mental demands on HR in daily life, and its predictive value for health outcomes.
Automatically Prepared? How Frontline Workers Cope in the Face of Automation
Authors: Jørring Louise 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPublic sector digitalisation is often described as a help to frontline workers, who must deal with a high workload, too few resources, and complex professional dilemmas. Digitalisation nevertheless, also creates new challenges that become intertwined with the already existing challenges in street‐level bureaucracies. Based on 25 interviews and more than 80 h of observations conducted in the Danish employment services, this study examines how frontline workers make using automatically generated representations of the clients manageable and meaningful. Drawing on coping theory and abductive analysis three distinct digital coping strategies are identified: automatic (simplification); extended (complication); and in situ (flexibility) preparation. The contribution of the study is twofold. First, it expands the current understanding of coping strategies as simplifying or complicating the work of frontline workers with a third flexibility strategy. This strategy shows how frontline workers cope by minimizing time spent on preparation and instead flexibly search out information during meetings with clients, relying on their skills to lithely manoeuvre in both digital and bureaucratic systems. Second, it provides insight into understanding how digital efficiency initiatives in the public sector often end up playing a different role than intended. Finally, I compare and discuss the consequences of these ambiguous digital coping strategies and point to future avenues of research.
Double covers of smooth quadric threefolds with Artin–Mumford obstructions to rationality
Authors: Kuznetsova Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe study obstructions to rationality on a nodal Fano threefold that is a double cover of a smooth quadric threefold ramified over an intersection with a quartic threefold in . We prove that if admits an Artin–Mumford obstruction to rationality then it lies in one of three explicitly described families. Conversely, a general element of any of these families admits an Artin–Mumford obstruction to rationality. Only one of these three families was known before; other two families of nodal Fano threefolds with obstructions to rationality are new.
Graphs with nonnegative curvature outside a finite subset, harmonic functions, and number of ends
Authors: Hua Bobo , Münch Florentin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe study graphs with nonnegative Bakry–Émery curvature or Ollivier curvature outside a finite subset. For such a graph, via introducing the discrete Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, we prove that the space of bounded harmonic functions is finite dimensional and, as a corollary, the number of nonparabolic ends is finite.
Study of a Cavitation Treatment in Kaplan Hydro-Turbine
Authors: ElGammal Tarek , Amano Ryoichi S. , Abousabae Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research proposes an air-injection treatment for the cavitation phenomena in the Kaplan turbine. An unsteady numerical model is created to predict the cavitating flow through a 3-in. axial hydroturbine before and after the air injection. Pressurized air (jet-in-crossflow) injection is set to be through the turbine housing, and the configuration was altered between 1, 2, 4, and 12 circumferential jets to test the effects of air mass flowrate and injection distribution. Interactions between three fluids (liquid water, water vapor, and air) were considered by utilizing the physics models of volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase, cavitation, and large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence. Surface and time-average results are to be compared with a baseline case of pure cavitation. With the vapor volume fraction created on the rotor components during the cavitation, the absolute pressure scenes clarified the connection between the air treatment and cavitation reduction. While rotation causes negative pressure in the system, the injected air is sucked to such low-pressure zones, and consequently, increasing the absolute pressure above the vapor limit reduces the vapor formation. Preliminary outcomes at 1000 rpm show a 55% reduction in the formed vapor on the blades after air injection by a time corresponding to six cycles of the turbine. A corresponding mechanical power of 12% increase was observed. Moreover, the curve fitting of the data shows that the vapor reduction and power regain are in second order correlation with the increased air volume.
Durlobactam to boost the clinical utility of standard of care β-lactams against
Mycobacterium abscessus
lung disease
Authors: Negatu Dereje A. , Aragaw Wassihun Wedajo , Gebresilase Tewodros T. , Paruchuri Sindhuja , Kaya Firat , Shin Sung Jae , Sander Peter , Dartois Véronique , Dick Thomas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

β-Lactams present several desirable pharmacodynamic features leading to the rapid eradication of many bacterial pathogens. Imipenem (IPM) and cefoxitin (FOX) are injectable β-lactams recommended during the intensive treatment phase of pulmonary infections caused by
Mycobacterium abscessus
(Mab). However, their potency against Mab is many-fold lower than against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens for which they were optimized, putting into question their clinical utility. Here, we show that adding the recently approved durlobactam-sulbactam (DUR-SUL) pair to either IPM or FOX achieves growth inhibition, bactericidal, and cytolytic activity at concentrations that are within those achieved in patients and below the clinical breakpoints established for each agent. Synergies between DUR-SUL and IPM or FOX were confirmed across a large panel of clinical isolates. Through
in vitro
resistant mutant selection, we also show that adding DUR-SUL abrogates acquired resistance to IPM and FOX. Since the use of β-lactam injectables is firmly grounded in clinical practice during the intensive treatment phase of Mab pulmonary disease, their potentiation by FDA-approved DUR-SUL to bring minimum inhibitory concentration distributions within achievable concentration ranges could offer significant short-term benefits to patients, while novel β-lactam combinations are optimized specifically against Mab pulmonary infections, for which no reliable cure exists.
Debris flows and sediment transport at Yucaipa Ridge and impacts to Oak Glen and Forest Falls area, southern California, following the 2020 El Dorado and Apple Fires
Authors: Swanson Brian J. , Lindsay Donald N. , Cato Kerry , DiBiase Roman A. , Neely Alexander B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The 2020 El Dorado and Apple Fires burned a combined area of ~225 km2 in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA, including much of the steep terrain of Yucaipa Ridge. Wildfire increases the potential for debris flows, flooding, and rockfall hazards. A California Watershed Emergency Response Team assessed these hazards to assist affected portions of San Bernardino and Riverside counties with their emergency preparedness efforts. These assessments identified high hazard sites in the Forest Falls and Oak Glen areas on the north and south flanks of Yucaipa Ridge, respectively. Subsequent monitoring by the California Geological Survey documented 16 flow events from nine study area basins and their impacts to downstream communities generated by six storms between fall 2020 and August 2023. Tropical Storms Kay (2022) and Hilary (2023) and monsoonal thunderstorms on August 13, 2022, produced the most widespread and severe impacts. Observations of flow characteristics were then used to determine flow type behavior and estimate flow velocities and discharge for 11 flow events, and the total volume of mobilized debris was estimated for three flow events. Debris flow velocities were found to range from 2.1 to 11.2 m/s (4.7–25 mph) and associated discharge values were estimated to range from 12 to 311 m3/s (~425–11,000 cfs). Observed discharges were then used to assess and calibrate previous flow bulking multipliers for post-fire emergency planning. Volumes of debris mobilized during three events were estimated based on hydraulic methods, field observations, and lidar differencing, respectively, with resulting volumes ranging from ~19,000 m3 to more than 100,000 m3. Rainfall data were also acquired and reviewed to assess rainfall intensity thresholds for the generation of post-fire debris flows. Concurrently, studies were conducted to assess sediment transport and yields based on the distribution of fractured rock outcrops, colluvial debris, and dry ravel generated by fire impacts, as documented by repeat surveys of selected source basin areas. The surveys showed a mixture of fractured rock outcrops, and steep soil mantled slopes provided both coarse (&gt;3 m) boulders and fine sediment. The latter was preferentially delivered to debris flow prone channels as post-fire dry ravel. Debris flows generated by Tropical Storms Kay and Hilary mobilized all of these grain size fractions downstream to alluvial fans and developed areas.
Stress and mental health symptoms in early pregnancy are associated with the oral microbiome
Authors: Alex Ann M , Levendosky Alytia A , Bogat G Anne , Muzik Maria , Nuttall Amy K , Knickmeyer Rebecca C , Lonstein Joseph S 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundResearch has revealed associations between microbes of the gastrointestinal tract and stress, anxiety and depression in pregnant or postpartum women. While these studies suggest a gut-brain-behaviour axis, no studies have examined microbes of the oral cavity in relation to maternal mental health.ObjectiveTo explore a potential oral-brain-behaviour axis related to maternal mental health.MethodsMicrobes were measured in saliva obtained from 224 second-trimester (mean±SD = 17±2 weeks) women oversampled for stress. Oralome data were associated with women’s recent or cumulative pregnancy stress, trait and state anxiety, depression symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Covariates explored included age, income, alcohol and tobacco use, dental issues and physical health problems.ResultsPregnant women in the high trait anxiety or depression symptom groups had higher oral alpha diversity, indicating higher richness of species within samples. Groups with high and low PTSD symptoms differed in beta diversity, reflecting differences in community composition. Linear discriminant analysis showed differently abundant microbes in women with high stress versus low life stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD, with the affected microbes mostly differing by symptom. Notably, members of phylumProteobacteriawere more abundant in women with high recent life stress andSpirochaeteswas more abundant in women with high depression symptoms. Members of phylumFirmicuteswere more abundant in the high trait anxiety and high depression groups. GenusDialister(previously found to be lower in the gut of depressed non-pregnant people) was higher in women experiencing either high trait or state anxiety, or experiencing high depression symptoms, while genusEikenellawas elevated with high trait anxiety, depression or PTSD.ConclusionsThe oral microbiome is associated with stress and mental health in pregnant women, in ways different from the gut microbiome or what has been found in non-pregnant people.Clinical implicationsUnderstanding oral microbiome–mental health relations may reveal future microbial targets to improve maternal psychological well-being.
Evaluating the effects of recreational drug use on ruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformation presentation and in-hospital outcomes: a national inpatient sample analysis
Authors: Gajjar Avi A , Goyal Aditya , Gill Karmen , Behal Aditya , Custozzo Amanda , Boulos Alan S , Dalfino John C , Field Nicholas C , Paul Alexandra R 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundRecent literature highlights the adverse effects of recreational marijuana on cerebrovascular pathologies and outcomes. However, its impact on arteriovenous malformation (AVM) outcomes is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the differences in AVM outcomes between marijuana users and non-users, focusing primarily on the likelihood of presenting with rupture and secondly, on the effects of other drugs on in-hospital mortality and complications.MethodsAdult patients diagnosed with cerebral AVMs from the National Inpatient Sample were included. Use of recreational drugs, including marijuana, alcohol, opioids, hallucinogens, stimulants, and tobacco, was documented. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified associations between drug use and AVM outcomes.ResultsA total of 46 480 patients were analyzed, with 11 580 (24.9%) presenting with rupture. Smoking was the most prevalent substance used (18 010, 38.7%), followed by alcohol (3 065, 6.6%), and cannabis (745, 1.6%). Smoking tobacco (OR=0.801; P=0.0002) and cannabis use (OR=0.613; P=0.0523) showed trends towards a protective effect against presentation with AVM rupture. Tobacco use was associated with reduced likelihood of extended length of stay (OR=0.837; P=0.0013), any complications (OR=0.860; P=0.0082), and in-hospital mortality (OR=0.590; P=0.0003). Alcohol use was linked to increased extended length of stay (OR=1.363; P=0.0033) and complications (OR=1.442; P=0.0007).ConclusionsStimulant use increases the likelihood of presenting with ruptured AVMs and is associated with higher mortality. Tobacco and cannabis use appear to reduce the possibility of extended hospital stays and complications.
Comprehensive evaluation of management strategies and rupture status in partially thrombosed aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elek Alperen , Allahverdiyev Irshad , Ozcinar Kenan Kerem , Yazici Adem C , Cinar Celal , Kusbeci Mahmut , Ozturk Egemen , Oran Ismail 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThis meta-analysis aims to evaluate and compare the clinical and angiographic outcomes of different management strategies for partially thrombosed intracranial aneurysms (PTIAs).MethodsA systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to September 2024. Studies providing clinical and angiographic outcomes of PTIAs were included. Favorable outcomes were defined as those reported directly in the studies or, when the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was available, as an mRS score of 0–2. Statistical analysis was conducted using R, with pooled estimates under a random-effects model.ResultsEighteen studies involving 362 patients with 363 PTIAs were analyzed. Favorable neurological outcomes were observed in 76% of patients, while 20% experienced procedure-related complications. Recurrence occurred in 36% of cases, and retreatment was required in 23%. Mortality was low at 0.8%. Subgroup analysis revealed that reconstructive approaches were associated with higher rates of favorable outcomes (72%) and lower complication rates (21%) compared with deconstructive methods (60% and 28%, respectively). Among the reconstructive techniques, flow diverter stenting showed the highest rate of favorable outcomes (82%), while simple coiling had the lowest (71%). Additionally, unruptured PTIAs had a significantly better prognosis, with 69% achieving favorable outcomes, fewer complications (22% vs 51% for ruptured), and lower mortality (0.8% vs 27%) compared with ruptured aneurysms. Among the reconstructive techniques, flow diverter stenting showed the best outcomes.ConclusionPTIAs treated with reconstructive approaches that are unruptured, non-giant, and located in the anterior circulation show higher rates of favorable neurological outcomes with acceptable complications. However, outcomes, complications, and occlusion rates are slightly worse compared with typical non-thrombotic saccular aneurysms, indicating that these aneurysms pose a greater challenge.
Carvacrol, a monoterpenoid, binds quorum sensing proteins (LasI and LasR) and swarming motility protein BswR of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resulting in loss of pathogenicity: an in silico approach
Authors: Datta Susmita , Singh Vishal , Nag Soma , Roy Dijendra Nath 
Published: November 2024

The pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes a quorum-sensing pathway for biofilm formation. The quorum-sensing proteins LasI and LasR of the Las system, alongside the swarming motility protein BswR, play a crucial role in the biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance phenomenon. In this in silico study, LasI, LasR, and BswR were the prime targets for binding studies by promising drug candidates like linalool, ferutinin, citronellal, and carvacrol. These monoterpenoid compounds are carefully considered for this study due to their reported anti-microbial activity. Among all, carvacrol exhibited the highest binding energies with LasI (−5.932 kcal/mol), LasR (−7.469 kcal/mol), and BswR (−4.42 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the MMGBSA scores between carvacrol and LasI, LasR, and BswR individually are −33.14, −54.22, and −41.86 kcal/mol, which further corroborated the strong binding. During 100 ns of simulation, the ligand binds to the active sites of these proteins through the H-bonds at Ile107 of LasI, Tyr47 of LasR, and Leu57 of BswR. In addition, the root-mean-square deviation values of the ligand-protein complex are within the appropriate range of less than 5 Å. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity analysis confirmed that carvacrol has the most negligible toxicity to mammalian cells. Hence, this finding is the first report to show that carvacrol can inhibit the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.
Investigating Idiomaticity in Word Representations
Authors: He Wei , Vieira Tiago Kramer , Garcia Marcos , Scarton Carolina , Idiart Marco , Villavicencio Aline 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Idiomatic expressions are an integral part of human languages, often used to express complex ideas in compressed or conventional ways (e.g., eager beaver as a keen and enthusiastic person). However, their interpretations may not be straightforwardly linked to the meanings of their individual components in isolation and this may have an impact for compositional approaches. In this article, we investigate to what extent word representation models are able to go beyond compositional word combinations and capture multiword expression idiomaticity and some of the expected properties related to idiomatic meanings. We focus on noun compounds of varying levels of idiomaticity in two languages (English and Portuguese), presenting a dataset of minimal pairs containing human idiomaticity judgments for each noun compound at both type and token levels, their paraphrases and their occurrences in naturalistic and sense-neutral contexts, totalling 32,200 sentences. We propose this set of minimal pairs for evaluating how well a model captures idiomatic meanings, and define a set of fine-grained metrics of Affinity and Scaled Similarity, to determine how sensitive the models are to perturbations that may lead to changes in idiomaticity. Affinity is a comparative measure of the similarity between an experimental item, a target and a potential distractor, and Scaled Similarity incorporates a rescaling factor to magnify the meaningful similarities within the spaces defined by each specific model. The results obtained with a variety of representative and widely used models indicate that, despite superficial indications to the contrary in the form of high similarities, idiomaticity is not yet accurately represented in current models. Moreover, the performance of models with different levels of contextualization suggests that their ability to capture context is not yet able to go beyond more superficial lexical clues provided by the words and to actually incorporate the relevant semantic clues needed for idiomaticity. By proposing model-agnostic measures for assessing the ability of models to capture idiomaticity, this article contributes to determining limitations in the handling of non-compositional structures, which is one of the directions that needs to be considered for more natural, accurate, and robust language understanding. The source code and additional materials related to this paper are available at our GitHub repository.1
Language Equality & Schooling: Global Challenges & Unmet Promises
Authors: Romaine Suzanne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this essay, I examine unmet promises and global challenges for achieving language equality in schooling, with special focus on one of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, SDG-4, which aims to ensure equitable and inclusive quality education and lifelong learning for all. Language of instruction is a key determinant of student success, but there is limited recognition of the vital role language plays as an intervening variable. Most languages continue to be excluded from education and 60 percent of out-of-school children live in regions where their own languages are not used at school. Inequities arising from unjust language policies combine to trap the poorest in a cluster of disadvantages persisting across generations. Underinvesting in education jeopardizes a range of social benefits. A well-educated population will increase the overall economic prosperity of a nation. I call for first language-based multilingual education as a pathway to schooling equality and sustainable development.
How Pedagogy Makes the Difference in U.S. Schools
Authors: Ladson-Billings Gloria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Emerging from the modern U.S. civil rights era, scholars have promoted ethnic and multicultural studies as strategies for improving the educational performance of students who have traditionally been marginalized in classrooms nationwide. Among the most marginalized are students who have experienced historic discrimination because of their racial, ethnic, linguistic, and immigrant status. The student population of United States comprises diverse groups. Marginalization and school failure are highest among African American, Latine, Indigenous, and some Asian students. In this essay, I speak to the necessity of more than curricular changes and explore the more than thirty years of research that addresses the demand to employ pedagogical philosophies and strategies that meet the needs of marginalized students. I conclude by describing the impact of COVID-19 on teaching and learning in underserved communities.