bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐assisted leaching of rare earth elements (Y and Eu) from waste cathode ray tube phosphor
Authors: Lie Jenni , Ismadji Suryadi , Liu Jhy‐Chern 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhosphor in discarded cathode ray tube (CRT) contained valuable metals, yttrium (Y) and europium (Eu), which are categorized as technology‐critical elements (TCEs) in terms of their supply risk and importance in emerging technologies. Microwave‐assisted leaching was applied to recover Y and Eu from waste CRT with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution as the leaching agent in the current study. It is aimed to develop an alternative leaching method of valuable metals from waste CRT phosphor.RESULTSThe effects of microwave power and acid concentration on leaching efficiency of Y and Eu were investigated. Shrinking‐core model could describe the leaching kinetics of Y and Eu well and it was controlled by chemical reaction and diffusion through the product layer. Higher leaching efficiency was found when microwave power increased from 200 to 600 W, and was also found as acid concentration increased from 0.5 to 2 mol L−1. Leaching efficiency of Y and Eu were 78.07% and 100%, respectively, for Y and Eu within 60 min at microwave power of 400 W, using 2 mol L−1 of H2SO4 at 10 g L−1 of solid to liquid ratio. Compared with conventional leaching, microwave‐assisted leaching is an alternative technology that could shorten reaction time significantly.CONCLUSIONSThe concentration of acid and microwave power affected microwave‐assisted leaching of Y and Eu from waste CRT phosphor. Microwave‐assisted leaching could be an alternative process for rare earth elements recovery. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Generalized designs on graphs: Sampling, spectra, symmetries
Authors: Steinerberger Stefan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpherical designs are finite sets of points on the sphere with the property that the average of certain (low‐degree) polynomials in these points coincides with the global average of the polynomial on . They are evenly distributed and often exhibit a great degree of regularity and symmetry. We point out that a spectral definition of spherical designs transfers to finite graphs—these ‘graphical designs’ are subsets of vertices that are evenly spaced and capture the symmetries of the underlying graph (should they exist). Our main result states that good graphical designs either consist of many vertices or their neighborhoods have exponential volume growth. We show several examples, describe ways to find them and discuss problems.
Severe neonatal multiple sulfatase deficiency presenting with hydrops fetalis in a preterm birth patient
Authors: Schlotawa Lars , Dierks Thomas , Christoph Sophie , Cloppenburg Eva , Ohlenbusch Andreas , Korenke G. Christoph , Gärtner Jutta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) is an ultra‐rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD). Mutations in the SUMF1 gene encoding the formylglycine generating enzyme (FGE) result in an unstable FGE protein with reduced enzymatic activity, thereby affecting the posttranslational activation of newly synthesized sulfatases. Complete absence of FGE function results in the most severe clinical form of MSD with neonatal onset and rapid deterioration. We report on a preterm infant presenting with hydrops fetalis, lung hypoplasia, and dysmorphism as major clinical signs. The patient died after 6 days from an intraventricular hemorrhage followed by multi‐organ failure. MSD was caused by a homozygous SUMF1 stop mutation (c.191C>A, p.Ser64Ter). FGE protein and sulfatase activities were absent in patient fibroblasts. Hydrops fetalis is a rare symptom of LSDs and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in combination with dysmorphism. The diagnostic set up should include measurements of glycosaminoglycan excretion and lysosomal enzyme activities, among them at least two sulfatases, and molecular confirmation.
HDV infection in immigrant populations
Authors: Coppola Nicola , Alessio Loredana , Onorato Lorenzo , Sagnelli Caterina , Sagnelli Evangelista , Pisaturo Mariantonietta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsLittle data have been published so far on the epidemiological aspects of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in immigrant populations and even poorer is the information on the virological, phylogenetic, and clinical aspects of this infection in these populations. This review article, aimed primarily at physicians caring for immigrants, summarizes the information available on HDV infection and analyzes data on this topic concerning the immigrant populations.Methods and ResultsThe prevalence of HDV infection in HBsAg‐positive immigrants varies according to the country of origin. For example, in immigrants from sub‐Saharan Africa, this prevalence is higher in those born in Equatorial Guinea (24.4%) than those from other African countries (10.3%).The epidemiological impact of HDV infection linked to migratory flows is a function of the different endemicity between countries of origin and countries in which a new existence has been established. This impact is high when immigrants from areas endemic to HDV infection (eg, Equatorial Guinea) settle in areas of low endemicity (eg, Germany or England, with a prevalence of around 4%), while the impact is lesser or nonexistent if the migratory flows are directed toward countries with intermediate endemicity (eg, Italy and Greece, with a prevalence of around 10%).ConclusionThis impact of immigration on HDV epidemiology can be strong when HDV endemicity is high in the country of origin and low in the host country and slight when immigrants move to high or medium endemic countries.
An adaptive greedy flow routing algorithm for performance improvement in software‐defined network
Authors: Shirmarz Alireza , Ghaffari Ali 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe software‐defined network (SDN) is an architecture to separate control and data plane. There is a central controller to control the forwarding elements (FEs) under its domain. The controller can receive flows information and requirements to make a decision and impose rules to FEs for forwarding all packets belong to each flow. Routing can be done with considering performance parameters that are needed for each flow. The routing algorithms that support the thresholds of the flows' bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss rate (PLR) are needed in the SDN architecture to optimize the delay, the blocking probability (BP), and the network utilization with an acceptable algorithm running time. In this paper, we proposed the greedy routing scheme in the Floodlight controller and evaluated this algorithm with the utilization, delay, BP, and algorithm time complexity. Extensive simulations are performed, and achieved results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in comparison with other baseline routing protocols such as random, shortest path (SP), and adaptive flow routing (AFR).
Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of Mexican yellow dyestuff
Authors: Garcia‐Bucio María Angélica , Maynez‐Rojas Miguel Ángel , Casanova‐González Edgar , Cárcamo‐Vega José Javier , Ruvalcaba‐Sil José Luis , Mitrani Alejandro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn pre‐Hispanic Mesoamerica, pigments and dyes were used in the elaboration of a large variety of colored objects. Obtaining information regarding the objects' material composition is useful in restoration and preservation processes, as well as for recovering knowledge of its production technology and the context and history of the object. Yellow colors have been obtained from a large variety of Mexican natural resources. Although mineral yellow pigments, such as orpiment and oxides, are relatively easy to identify by nondestructive and noninvasive techniques (X‐ray fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), organic yellow colorants are difficult to analyze by these techniques. Therefore, most works dealing with the identification of yellow dyes use destructive methods such as liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The aim of this work is to elaborate a methodology based on Raman spectroscopy and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the study of yellow colorants used in pre‐Hispanic and colonial Mexico, in order to aid in their identification by spectroscopic techniques. The yellow colorants selected for this work were extracted from local plants:zacatlaxcalli(Cuscuta tinctoria), old fustic (Maclura tinctoria), weld (Reseda luteola), marigold (Tagetes erecta), andxochipalli(Cosmos sulphureus).
Liver stiffness measurement at complete virological response in hepatoma prediction for HBV‐related cirrhosis patient with potent antiviral agent
Authors: Wang Jing‐Houng , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Chen Chien‐Hung , Hung Chao‐Hung , Yen Yi‐Hao , Chang Kuo‐Chin , Lu Sheng‐Nan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is ameliorated with nucleos(t)ide agent (NA) therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related cirrhosis patients. This study investigates whether liver stiffness (LS) measurement at complete virological response (CVR) was useful in predicting HCC development. Between July 2006 and August 2016, HBV‐related cirrhosis patients with potent NA (entecavir/tenofovir) with the first LS measurement during CVR and with serial LS were enrolled. Patients developing HCC 6 months after potent NA or before the first LS measurement were excluded. Three hundred and seventy‐one patients were enrolled. The median follow‐up was 5.6 and 3.8 years from potent NA treatment and the first LS measurement respectively. Twenty‐seven patients developed HCC. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐ and 7‐year cumulated incidences of HCC occurrence were 0%, 2.8%, 5.8% and 9%, respectively. In addition to age > 57 years, LS > =21.5 kPa (HR: 3.86, 95%CI: 1.67‐8.94) was an independent factor associated with HCC occurrence in multivariate analysis. However, the magnitude of change in LS was not associated with HCC development. For the first LS in HCC prediction, the performance was 0.636. There were two to thirteen LS measurements during CVR. The change in LS was classified into four patterns stratified by the first and serial LS. Compared with those with serial LS < 21.5 kPa, patients with LS > =21.5 kPa tend to have higher HCC occurrence (P = .062). In summary, LS at CVR was an independent factor associated with HCC development for HBV‐related cirrhosis patients with potent NA. However, LS was not satisfactory in the prediction performance of HCC development.
Curcuminoid‐Based Difluoroboron Dyes as High‐Performance Photosensitizers in Long‐Wavelength (Yellow and Red) Cationic Photopolymerization
Authors: Han Weixiang , You Jian , Li Hui , Zhao Di , Nie Jun , Wang Tao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDifluoroboron β‐diketonate dyes are reported to exhibit excellent photophysical properties (e.g., broad absorption and large extinction coefficients) and have the potential to act as high‐performance photosensitizers in cationic photopolymerization (CP). In this study, four curcuminoid‐based difluoroboron dyes (BF2Curs) are prepared. Their ability to initiate the CP of epoxides or vinyl ethers in combination with an iodonium salt under yellow and red LEDs is investigated. Some of the BF2Curs‐based photoinitiating systems exhibit much higher efficiencies than the reported anthraquinone derivative Oil Blue N (OBN). The molecular structure of BF2Curs is found to play a critical role in the photoinitiating efficiencies of cationic polymerization.
SAR comparison between CASL and pCASL at high magnetic field and evaluation of the benefit of a dedicated labeling coil
Authors: Hirschler Lydiane , Collomb Nora , Voiron Jérôme , Köhler Sascha , Barbier Emmanuel L. , Warnking Jan M. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo investigate the heating induced by (pseudo)‐continuous arterial spin labeling ((p)CASL) sequences in vivo at 9.4T and to evaluate the benefit of a dedicated labeling coil.MethodsTemperature was measured continuously in the brain, neck, and rectum of 9 rats with fiber‐optic temperature probes while running pCASL‐EPI and CASL‐EPI sequences, with labeling B1 amplitudes (B1ave) of 3, 5, and 7 μT and using a dedicated labeling RF coil or a volume coil. From the temperature time courses, the corresponding specific absorption rate (SAR) was computed. A trade‐off between SAR and labeling quality was determined based on measured inversion efficiencies.ResultsASL experiments with standard parameters (B1ave = 5 µT, Tacq = 4 min, labeling with volume coil) lead to a brain temperature increase due to RF of 0.72 ± 0.46 K for pCASL and 0.25 ± 0.17 K for CASL. Using a dedicated labeling coil reduced the RF‐induced SAR by a factor of 10 in the brain and a factor of 2 in the neck. Besides SAR due to RF, heat from the coil decoupling circuits produced significant temperature increases. When labeling with a dedicated coil, this mechanism was the dominant source of brain heating. At equivalent RF‐SAR, CASL provided slightly superior label efficiency to pCASL and is therefore the preferred sequence when an ASL coil is available.ConclusionB1ave = 4–5 µT provided a good compromise between label efficiency and SAR, both for pCASL and CASL. The sensitivity of animals to heating should be taken into account when optimizing preclinical ASL protocols and may require reducing scan duration or lowering B1ave.
Robust estimation of quantitative perfusion from multi‐phase pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling
Authors: Msayib Y. , Craig M. , Simard M. A. , Larkin J. R. , Shin D. D. , Liu T. T. , Sibson N. R. , Okell T. W. , Chappell M. A. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeMulti‐phase PCASL has been proposed as a means to achieve accurate perfusion quantification that is robust to imperfect shim in the labeling plane. However, there exists a bias in the estimation process that is a function of noise in the data. In this work, this bias is characterized and then addressed in animal and human data.MethodsThe proposed algorithm to overcome bias uses the initial biased voxel‐wise estimate of phase tracking error to cluster regions with different off‐resonance phase shifts, from which a high‐SNR estimate of regional phase offset is derived. Simulations were used to predict the bias expected at typical SNR. Multi‐phase PCASL in 3 rat strains (n = 21) at 9.4 T was considered, along with 20 human subjects previously imaged using ASL at 3 T. The algorithm was extended to include estimation of arterial blood flow velocity.ResultsBased on simulations, a perfusion estimation bias of 6‐8% was expected using 8‐phase data at typical SNR. This bias was eliminated when a high‐precision estimate of phase error was available. In the preclinical data, the bias‐corrected measure of perfusion (107 ± 14 mL/100g/min) was lower than the standard analysis (116 ± 14 mL/100g/min), corresponding to a mean observed bias across strains of 8.0%. In the human data, bias correction resulted in a 15% decrease in the estimate of perfusion.ConclusionsUsing a retrospective algorithmic approach, it was possible to exploit common information found in multiple voxels within a whole region of the brain, offering superior SNR and thus overcoming the bias in perfusion quantification from multi‐phase PCASL.
“Keep it simple”: Perspectives of patients with low back pain on how to qualify a patient‐centred consultation using patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Ibsen Charlotte , Schiøttz‐Christensen Berit , Maribo Thomas , Nielsen Claus Vinther , Hørder Mogens , Handberg Charlotte 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported outcomes are expected to play an important role in patient‐centred health care. To capture patients' perspectives, patient involvement in the development of patient‐reported outcome (PRO) instruments is essential, but often lacking. This qualitative study explored the perspectives of patients with low back pain, to gain an understanding of how to qualify a patient‐centred consultation by using PROs. This was done by exploring patients' perspectives regarding the assessment of functioning and disability as part of the development of a new PRO instrument based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set.MethodsSemi‐structured focus group interviews with seven patients with low back pain were conducted. Data were analysed by drawing on the Interpretive Description methodology.ResultsThe analysis revealed three core themes: simplicity, individuality and application. Simplicity represented keeping items to a minimum and avoiding overlaps; individuality implied the need for individualized answers; and application signified that PROs should be utilized during the consultation, and that they can provide useful information for clinical decision‐making.ConclusionsThe study provides essential knowledge about elements of importance to patients with low back pain when aiming for a patient‐centred consultation using PROs. Furthermore, it underlines the importance of involving patients in PRO development because their perspectives improved the new PRO instrument.
A greedy reduced basis scheme for multifrequency solution of structural acoustic systems
Authors: Baydoun Suhaib Koji , Voigt Matthias , Jelich Christopher , Marburg Steffen 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe solution of frequency dependent linear systems arising from the discretization of vibro‐acoustic problems requires a significant computational effort in the case of rapidly varying responses. In this paper, we review the use of a greedy reduced basis scheme for the efficient solution in a frequency range. The reduced basis is spanned by responses of the system at certain frequencies that are chosen iteratively based on the response that is currently worst approximated in each step. The approximations at intermediate frequencies as well as the a posteriori estimations of associated errors are computed using a least squares solver. The proposed scheme is applied to the solution of an interior acoustic problem with boundary element method (BEM) and to the solution of coupled structural acoustic problems with finite element method and BEM. The computational times are compared to those of a conventional frequencywise strategy. The results illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Errors in inhaler use related to devices and to inhalation technique among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary health care
Authors: Lindh Annika , Theander Kersti , Arne Mats , Lisspers Karin , Lundh Lena , Sandelowsky Hanna , Ställberg Björn , Westerdahl Elisabeth , Zakrisson Ann‐Britt 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to describe inhaler use in primary health care patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to categorize these patients into those making errors related to devices, those making errors related to inhalation technique and those making errors related to both.DesignObservational study.MethodsCOPD nurses used a checklist to assess the use of inhalers by patients with spirometry‐verified COPD (N = 183) from primary healthcare centres. The STROBE checklist has been used.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 71 (SD 9) years. Almost half of them (45%) made at least one error; of these, 50% made errors related to devices, 31% made errors related to inhalation technique and 19% made errors related both to devices and to inhalation technique.
Pharmacokinetic study of thymol after intravenous injection and high‐dose inhalation in mouse model
Authors: Xie Kevin , Tashkin Donald P. , Luo Mary Z. , Zhang Jack Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThymol is generally recognized as a safe substance by the FDA and has been widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of thymol have been previously conducted for oral administration, but there has been no PK study for inhalation administration or intravenous (IV) injection. This study aims at exploring and comparing the inhalation and IV PK profile of thymol in a mouse model. The inhalation PK for mouse model was corrected with fur/skin absorption. Thirty‐two male CD‐1 mice were randomized into two study arms, Arm‐A for intravenous (n = 16) and Arm‐B for inhalation (n = 16). The amount of thymol in the mouse serum was measured for Arm‐A and for Arm‐B at the highest dose. Furthermore, 48 mice were utilized for fur/skin absorption of thymol. In total, 320 mouse serum samples for thymol were analyzed by LC/MS method. After inhalation, the peak concentration of thymol in mouse serum was 42.3 ng/mL (Cmax) and occurred at 2 minutes (tmax). The AUC of the inhaled thymol at 0‐60 minutes (AUC0‐60) was 464 ng/mL/min. From 10‐60 minutes post‐dose, the PK inhalation curve appeared to be higher than that for the IV injection. This is likely attributed to the effect of absorption of thymol through the fur/skin of mice. After an adjustment by fur/skin absorption, the PK profile for net inhalation closely matched the two‐compartment model. In fact, the bioavailability for the net inhalation of thymol was 74% and 77% relative to that for IV injection per AUC0‐60min and AUC0‐infinite, respectively.
Modelling the impacts of grassland to cropland conversion on river flow regimes in Skunk Creek watershed, Upper Midwest United States
Authors: Ahiablame Laurent , Sheshukov Aleksey Y. , Mosase Esther , Hong Jiyeong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConversion of grassland to cultivated cropland has been linked to downstream alteration of flow regimes. This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to construct seven “what if” scenarios for quantifying the impacts of grassland to cropland and vice versa conversion (i.e., replacement of grassland with selected agricultural crops) on river flow regimes in Skunk Creek watershed. The Cropland Data Layer for the year 2011 in conjunction with historical climate data was used to create SWAT models for scenario simulations over 19 years, from 1996 to 2014. The model developed for the historical climate records (baseline) was compared with the scenarios examined using stream flow metrics for a range of flow regimes, including magnitude, duration, frequency, and timing of annual low‐ and high‐flow conditions. The simulation results suggest that grassland conversion to cultivated cropland would generally increase river flows compared with conversion of cultivated cropland to grassland, which may reduce flows in the watershed. Low and moderate flows increased by 2–8% from the baseline scenario with conversion of grass crop and by 1–20% decreases with crop–grass conversion. High flows increased by 3–7% and decreased by 1–18% when grass is converted to crop and crop to grass, respectively. The analysis also suggests that grassland establishment may attenuate the peaks of prolonged small floods and shorter but earlier large floods.
MgO‐Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of New Multi‐Ring Compounds Containing Spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐[1,3]dithiine]
Authors: Moghaddam‐Manesh Mohammadreza , Ghazanfari Dadkhoda , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah , Akhgar Mohammadreza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMulti‐component reaction indoline‐2,3‐dione derivatives, malononitrile, carbon disulfide and dimedone have led to newly synthesized 6′‐amino‐2′‐(4,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dioxocyclohexylidene)‐2‐oxospiro[indoline‐3,4′‐[1,3]dithiine]‐5′‐carbonitrile derivatives under acidic and base conditions with high efficiency during a simplified process. In acidic conditions, using MgO nanoparticleas as a catalyst, greater yields in shorter time was observed. The biological effects of synthetic derivatives such as antibacterial and antifungal effects based on inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration and antioxidant effects on DPPH free radical, have been the subject of previous studies. The results showed that some derivatives show higher antimicrobial effects compared to commercial drugs.