bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications with vacuum delivery from a forceps‐delivery perspective: Progress toward safe vacuum delivery
Authors: Seki Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo examine the rates of medical malpractice and cerebral palsy after vacuum delivery in comparison with forceps delivery and establish approaches for enabling safe vacuum delivery from the perspective of forceps delivery.MethodsThis study reviewed the Japan Obstetric Compensation System report data, which contains data from studies involving 188 cases through May 2013, including cases of emergency delivery. These cases included 118 cases of cesarean section (62.8%) and 70 cases of vaginal delivery (37.2%). Of the 188 patients, 145 required emergency delivery (77.1%), of which cesarean sections were performed in 117 patients (80.7%), vacuum delivery in 24 patients (16.6%) and forceps delivery in 4 patients (2.8%).ResultsIn evaluating the contents of the report with a focus on vacuum delivery, it was found that vacuum delivery was attempted in 35 patients, and delivery was successful in 24 of these patients (68.6%); however, in 11 patients (31.4%), delivery was unsuccessful and cesarean section was required. Thus, vacuum delivery was unsuccessful in approximately one third of the cases.ConclusionFor delivery to be completed as successfully and quickly as possible, it is essential for obstetricians to have a good understanding of the process of vacuum delivery, and to have expertise in the relevant techniques. However, it is also necessary to modify the indications under which vacuum delivery is considered safe to perform, from fetal station ±0, that is, engagement of the fetal head, to station +2, or descent of the fetal head.
Cesarean scar pregnancy with deep serosal invasion at 16 weeks: Uterus‐sparing surgery with posterior hysterotomy after transcatheter arterial embolization
Authors: Sroussi Jérémy , Panchbhaya Nabilah , Boujlel Sihem , Dautry Raphaël , Tigaizin Ahmed , Benifla Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report a case of cesarean scar pregnancy at 16 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the isthmic ectopic location with an empty fundus and a high suspicion of placental invasion to the anterior myometrium. Because of pelvic pain, bleeding and the major risks of hysterectomy, a decision was made to terminate the pregnancy. After a preventive pelvic artery embolization, we performed an unusual posterior isthmic hysterotomy for the extraction of the fetus, followed by conservative management of the placenta. Bleeding loss was 300 mL, and no complication was reported. Successive magnetic resonance imaging was planned and 6 months later, there were no placental remnants. At 7 months, an office hysteroscopy revealed a normal uterine cavity. In case of cesarean scar pregnancy in the second trimester with an emergency need to interrupt pregnancy, posterior hysterotomy with conservative treatment of placenta may be an option to avoid massive bleeding and hysterectomy.
Ovarian reserve after internal iliac artery ligation
Authors: Mathyk Begum A. , Cetin Berna A. , Atakul Nil , Koroglu Nadiye , Bahat Pinar Y. , Turan Gokce , Yuksel Ilkbal T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimLigation of major vessels supplying ovaries may alter hormones and ovarian reserve due to disturbances of vascular circulation. Our purpose is to measure serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and ovarian volume in patients who had internal iliac artery ligation (IIAL) and/or IIAL plus hysterectomy due to uterine atony.MethodsPatients who underwent IIAL and IIAL+ hysterectomy were evaluated 6 months after their operations and were compared with the control group. The hormones, ovarian volume and antral follicle count (AFC) were measured in each group.ResultsSerum AMH levels in the post‐partum 6th month interval were lower in the IIAL group than in the control group and were the lowest in the IIAL+ hysterectomy group. Similar to AMH results, AFC and ovarian volumes were also lowest in the IIAL+ hysterectomy group.ConclusionIIAL and hysterectomy are lifesaving interventions during peripartum hemorrhage; however, they might alter ovarian reserve in the short term.
Basic research on uterus transplantation in nonhuman primates in Japan
Authors: Kisu Iori , Banno Kouji , Matoba Yusuke , Adachi Masataka , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUterus transplantation (UTx) is now a potential option for women with uterine factor infertility to have a child. However, UTx is still in an experimental stage and basic animal studies including in nonhuman primates are needed for accumulation of data that will provide important information for establishment of UTx in humans. Herein, we summarized our experiences using cynomolgus macaques, with the goal of promoting further development of UTx studies in nonhuman primates. Our basic studies using cynomolgus macaques were summarized, including the results of other teams in nonhuman primates. Our team in Japan launched UTx research in 2009 using cynomolgus macaques and has accumulated a large archive of results in the UTx research field, including examination of uterine blood flow, surgical procedures of autologous and allogeneic UTx, organ perfusion methods in deceased donor models, immunological response and rejection and ischemia/reperfusion injury. We achieved the first delivery after autologous UTx in primates and the first periodic recovery of menstruation after allogeneic UTx in nonhuman primate models. Results from animal studies, including those in nonhuman primates, provide the basis for clinical application of UTx. Therefore, our accumulated data since 2009 and our basic experience in cynomolgus macaque are meaningful for future UTx trials in Japan. In addition, more validation in nonhuman primate models is needed for resolution of medical issues and further development of UTx in humans, despite clinical application of UTx in several countries.
Structural Complexity of the Cerebellum and Cerebral Cortex is Reduced in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2
Authors: Marzi Chiara , Ciulli Stefano , Giannelli Marco , Ginestroni Andrea , Tessa Carlo , Mascalchi Mario , Diciotti Stefano 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEFractal dimension (FD) is an index of structural complexity of cortical gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). Application of FD to pontocerebellar degeneration has revealed cerebellar changes. However, so far, possible concurrent cerebral changes and progression of changes in brain complexity have not been investigated.METHODSWe computed FD of cerebellar and cerebral cortex and WM derived from longitudinal brain MRI of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), which is an inherited cause of pontocerebellar degeneration. Nine SCA2 patients and 16 age‐matched healthy controls were examined twice (3.6 ± .7 and 3.3 ± 1.0 years apart, respectively) on the same 1.5T MR scanner with T1‐weighted imaging. Cortical GM and WM of the cerebrum and cerebellum were segmented using FreeSurfer and FD of these segmentations were computed.RESULTSAt baseline, FD values of cerebellar GM and WM were significantly (P < .001) lower in SCA2 patients (2.48 ± .04 for GM and 1.74 ± .09 for WM) than in controls (2.56 ± .02 for GM and 2.22 ± .19 for WM). Also, FD values of cerebral GM were significantly (P < .05) lower in SCA2 patients (2.39 ± .03) than in controls (2.43 ± .02). No significant differences were observed for FD of the cerebral WM. The rate of change of FD values was not significantly different between SCA2 patients and controls.CONCLUSIONSThe structural complexity of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex is reduced in SCA2 patients. Fractal analysis seems not to be able to demonstrate progression of changes associated with degeneration in SCA2.
Effect of mercury chloride on oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 signalling molecule in liver and kidney of laying hens
Authors: Ma Y. , Zheng Y. X. , Dong X. Y. , Zou X. T. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of mercury chloride (HgCl2) on the deposition of mercury (Hg), histopathology and oxidative stress in liver and kidney of laying hens. The gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) were further studied to uncover the molecular mechanism. A total of 960 40‐week‐old Hyline brown laying hens were randomly allocated to five treatments with eight pens per treatment and 24 hens per pen. The hens were fed with five experimental diets containing graded levels of Hg at 0.270, 1.250, 3.315, 9.405 and 27.230 mg/kg respectively. Results revealed that both deposition of Hg and score of injury in liver and kidney were significantly increased as dietary Hg dosage up to 27.230 mg/kg diet. Deposition of Hg was positively related to score of injury in liver and kidney of laying hens. Besides, the activities of superoxidative dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and glutathione (GSH) content all significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly increased (p < 0.05) after Hg exposure in liver and kidney of laying hens. In addition, positive relationships occurred between antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant enzyme gene expressions except between SOD activity and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene expression in liver. Meanwhile, Nrf2 gene expression was positively related to antioxidant gene expressions and negatively connected with Keap1 gene expression. Negative relationships occurred between Nrf2 and Keap1 protein levels in liver and kidney. In conclusion, Hg could dose‐dependently damage liver and kidney and induced hepatic and renal oxidative stress by means of suppressing Nrf2‐Keap1 signalling molecule in laying hens.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐7 in periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zeidán‐Chuliá F. , Yilmaz D. , Häkkinen L. , Könönen E. , Neves de Oliveira B.‐H. , Güncü G. , Uitto V.‐J. , Caglayan F. , Gürsoy U. K. 
Published: July 2018

Background and ObjectiveElevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP7) have been observed in serum samples of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in gingival tissues of subjects with periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to collect in vivo and in silico evidence on the role of MMP7 in the interplay between T2DM and generalized periodontitis (GP).Material and MethodsThe extent of MMP7 expression and localization were immunohistochemically analyzed in gingival tissues of patients with GP with T2DM (T2DM/GP, n = 11), systemically healthy patients with GP (n = 7), and systemically and periodontally healthy controls (n = 11). An in silico network model was built to determine the interactions between MMP7 and T2DM pathways. Regulation of neutrophil transmigration by MMP7 was analyzed in a knock‐out mice model.ResultsIn human gingival tissues, the proportion of cells with robust MMP7 expression was elevated in patients with T2DM/GP in comparison to controls (P = .014). According to the in silico analysis, “hydroxyl radical” and “hydrogen peroxide” compounds were among the most central nodes of the network, and were within the shortest paths connecting “glucose” to “MMP7.” In MMP7 knock‐out mice, an intense accumulation of neutrophils was observed in the gingival epithelium as compared to wild‐type mice (P = .0001).ConclusionElevated MMP7 expression in gingival tissues of patients with T2DM/GP is related to the activation of reactive oxygen species by hyperglycemia. Suppression of MMP7 expression results in impaired neutrophil transmigration in gingiva.
Ex vivo penetration of fosfomycin into healthy andLawsonia intracellularis‐colonized swine intestinal mucosa
Authors: Pérez Gaudio Denisa Soledad , Martínez Guadalupe , Fernández Paggi María Belén , Decundo Julieta María , Romanelli Agustina , Dieguez Susana Nelly , Soraci Alejandro Luis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFosfomycin (FOS) is an antibiotic used, mostly in Latin America, for the treatment of lung and enteric infections of pigs. Intracellular fluids of enterocytes can act as biophase forLawsonia intracellularis, the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE). The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence ofL. intracellularisin the enterocytes modifies FOS penetration. Eight healthy pigs in growth‐finishing stage were used to produce healthy (group A) andL. intracellularis‐colonized (group B) intestinal explants. For both groups, treatment consisted of a 580 μg/ml concentration of calcium FOS, which was added to each explant (0.5–6 hr). For group B, the Enterisol Ileitis®vaccine was used as source of the micro‐organism. Previously to the assay, the time necessary forL. intracellularisto colonize the enterocytes was defined. Also, a PCR protocol was optimized to determine the presence of the pathogen in the explants. There were nonstatistical differences for the penetration of the antibiotic into healthy andL. intracellularis‐colonized enterocytes. MIC90of FOS forL. intracellularisis unknown; nevertheless, MIC90of various antibiotics ranges between 0.125 and 128 μg/ml. FOS reaches inside the enterocyte concentrations which surpass the MICs90of other antibiotics that also act by the inhibition of cell wall synthesis; however, further studies should be carried out to determine fosfomycin MIC90forL. intracellularisto discern the usefulness of this antibiotic in the treatment of PPE.
Expression of ameloblastin in the human tooth germ and ameloblastoma
Authors: Panneer Selvam Suganya , Ponniah Irulandy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the immunohistochemical expression of ameloblastin in the bell stage of tooth germ and compare with ameloblastoma to determine the level of differentiation of tumour cells.Study designThis study included eleven human tooth germs with four in the early and seven in the late bell stage, and six selected archival tissue samples of ameloblastomas were studied using haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and ameloblastin.ResultsAll eleven tooth germs reacted positively to ameloblastin with a characteristic inverted and sequential pattern of expression in the acellular zone of the dental papilla and enamel organ. Of the six cases of ameloblastoma, five cases showed a variable level of expression of ameloblastin in the tumour cells, whereas in one case, ameloblastin was negative in the tumour cells but positive in the stromal fibrous tissue collar.ConclusionExpression of ameloblastin in human tooth germ is related to differentiation and mineralization, and it correlates with the state of differentiation of the tumour cells in ameloblastoma.
Evolution of vertebrate postcranial complexity: axial skeleton regionalization and paired appendages in a Devonian jawless fish
Authors: Chevrinais Marion , Johanson Zerina , Trinajstic Kate , Long John , Morel Catherine , Renaud Claude B. , Cloutier Richard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne of the major events in vertebrate evolution involves the transition from jawless (agnathan) to jawed (gnathostome) vertebrates, including a variety of cranial and postcranial innovations. It has long been assumed that characters such as the pelvic girdles and fins, male intromittent organs independent from the pelvic girdles, as well as a regionalized axial skeleton first appeared in various basal gnathostome groups if not at the origin of gnathostomes. Here we describe the first occurrence of pelvic girdles and intromittent organs in the Late Devonian jawless anaspid‐like fish Euphanerops longaevus Woodward (Miguasha Lagerstätte, eastern Canada), associated with a morphologically differentiated region of the axial skeleton. Morphological differentiation of the axial skeleton is also described for the first time in an extant jawless fish, the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus. Our data indicate that regionalization of the axial skeleton occurred earlier in vertebrate evolutionary history than previously appreciated. This regionalization is coupled with modifications of the appendicular skeleton in Euphanerops. These new observations combined with a new phylogenetic analysis of early vertebrates provide a more precise understanding of how the appendicular and axial skeletons developed and evolved within vertebrate evolutionary history.
Breeding for boron tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) using a high‐throughput phenotypic assay and molecular markers
Authors: Rodda Matthew S. , Sudheesh Shimna , Javid Muhammad , Noy Dianne , Gnanasambandam Annathurai , Slater Anthony T. , Rosewarne Garry M. , Kaur Sukhjiwan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study describes the identification of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in the recombinant inbred line population of ILL2024 × ILL6788 and subsequent validation of associated molecular markers. A high‐quality genetic linkage map was constructed with 758 markers that cover 1,057 cM, with an average intermarker distance of 2 cM. QTL analysis revealed a single genomic region on Lc2 to be associated with B tolerance and accounted for up to 76% of phenotypic variation (Vp). The best markers for B tolerance were assessed for their utility in routine breeding applications using validation panels of diverse lentil germplasm and breeding material derived from ILL2024. A marker generated from the dense genetic map of this study was found to be the most accurate of all markers available for B tolerance in lentil, with a success rate of 93% within a large breeding pool derived from ILL2024. However, given the number of the unrelated lines for which the marker–trait association was not conserved, B tolerance screening is still required at later stages to confirm predicted phenotypes.
Skin commensal bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis promote survival of melanocytes bearing UVB‐induced DNA damage, while bacteria Propionibacterium acnes inhibit survival of melanocytes by increasing apoptosis
Authors: Wang Zhenping , Choi Jae‐Eun , Wu Chia‐Chi , Di Nardo Anna 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackground/PurposeSkin commensal bacteria have been described to help orchestrate skin homeostasis, signaling through innate immunity pathways. This study for the first time aimed at studying the relationship between skin commensals and melanocytes after UVB exposure.MethodsAn in vitro UVB radiation model with normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHMs) and skin commensal bacteria supernatant from Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes was established. Melanocytes DNA damage, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), and cellular proliferation marker Ki‐67 were measured by ELISA and immunofluorescence staining. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and PCR array and RT‐qPCR.ResultsNormal human epidermal melanocytes are able to survive and proliferate while bearing DNA damage after UVB radiation. Skin commensal bacteria S. epidermidis and its by‐product LTA promote melanocytes survival by inducing upregulation of TRAF1, CASP14, CASP5, and TP73. On the other hand, P. acnes can inhibit UVB‐irradiated melanocytes survival by increasing apoptosis.ConclusionOur studies show different aspects of commensal activity on melanocytes during irradiation. The possible balance achieved by the different skin commensal can influence NHM potential to become cancer cells.
Early development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos and reduced expression of primed pluripotent marker genes under the effect of lysophosphatidic acid
Authors: Zhu Xiusheng , Li Lanyu , Gao Bangjun , Zhang Dandan , Ren Yanyan , Zheng Beibei , Li Mengmei , Shi Deshun , Huang Ben 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo further promote the early development of porcine embryos and capture “naïve” pluripotent state within blastocyst, the experiment explored the effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on the early development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos and the expression of pluripotency relevant genes. The results showed that the addition of 50 μM LPA significantly improved parthenogenetic embryo cleavage rate (82.7% vs. 74.7%, p < 0.05), blastocyst rate (24.5% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.05) and blastocyst cell count (56 ± 7.9 vs. 42 ± 1.0, p < 0.05) than that of the control group. In addition, immunostaining experiment determined that the fluorescence intensity of OCT4 was also significantly higher than that of the control group. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) test revealed that addition of 50 μM LPA could significantly enhance the expression level of pluripotent gene OCT4 and trophoblast marker genes CDX2, however, decrease the expression of primitive hypoblast marker gene GATA4. The results also indicated that LPA might decrease the expression of GATA4 through the ROCK signalling pathway. For further investigating the effect of the addition of LPA on the expression of “primed” and “naïve” genes, we also detected the expression of those pluripotency‐related genes by qRT–PCR. The results showed addition of LPA had no significant effect on the expression of “naïve” pluripotent genes, but it was able to significantly decrease the expression of “primed” pluripotent genes, NODAL and Activin‐A; furthermore, it also could significantly improve the expression of OCT4 and c‐Myc which act as two important ES cell renewal factors. Above all, the addition of LPA can facilitate the early development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos, which may be able to benefit for capturing “naïve” pluripotency in vitro through inhibiting “primed” pluripotency.
Tenofovir alafenamide associated fatal lactic acidosis in an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient
Authors: Alsunaid Sammar R. , Ashraf Humayun , Soubani Ayman O. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFatal lactic acidosis has been reported while on the treatment with Nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NA) for the treatment of hepatitis B, C and HIV. No cases of such a complication have been reported in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. We present a 65‐year male who underwent autologous HSCT for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Prior to transplant he was started on single agent tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) for treatment of resolved hepatitis B infection. He presented few weeks later with severe lactic acidosis. Other causes of lactic acidosis were excluded. The patient died of multi‐organ failure despite stopping TAF and aggressive supportive care. The case demonstrates the need for increased awareness of this potential complication of NA treatment in the course of transplantation.