bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Top Management Team Characteristics and Organizational Virtue Orientation: An Empirical Examination of IPO Firms
Authors: Evert Robert E. , Payne G. Tyge , Moore Curt B. , McLeod Michael S. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT:Despite extensive research on organizational virtue, our understanding about factors that promote virtue within organizations remains unclear. Drawing on upper echelon theory, we examine the relationship between five top management team (TMT) characteristics and organizational virtue orientation (OVO)—the integrated set of values and beliefs that support ethical traits and virtuous behaviors of an organization. Specifically, we utilize prospectuses of initial public offering (IPO) firms and 10-K post-IPO filings to explore how TMT composition with respect to member age, tenure, education, functional background, and gender influences OVO. Additionally, we examine the moderating effects of organizational size, and argue that the more expansive structures and processes associated with larger organizations diminish the main relationships. Our findings, using two sources of data, are consistent, but somewhat mixed in their support for our hypotheses. Overall, TMT characteristics do appear to influence OVO, but in more complex and counterintuitive ways than initially expected.
“We Hold It in Trust”: Global Wildlife Conservation, Africanization, and the End of Empire
Authors: Schauer Jeff 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the early 1960s, the College of African Wildlife Management opened in northern Tanzania. The institution was designed to lessen the impact of decolonization by training the first generation of African wildlife wardens in the tradition of their European predecessors. The product of racialized narratives about African violence and the growth of international conservation organizations, the college could be understood as a straightforward neocolonial institution designed to perpetuate British and western influence over land and animals in East Africa. In contrast, this paper pays close attention to the circumstances and context of the college's founding, the debates over funding and control, and its institutional culture. These aspects all suggest that African governments sought to use the college as a vehicle for pursuing the Africanization of the civil service and for formalizing a contractual relationship with international organizations about mutual obligations not only to Tanzania's wildlife sector but also the country's political economy. This focus on a conservation institution created in the early days of independence demonstrates that the work of decolonization continued after independence, and that expatriate personnel and culture remained embedded in new nations, informing our narratives of decolonization, conservation, and nationalism.
Missionaries, the Monarchy, and the Emergence of Anglican Pluralism in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Loss Daniel S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the late twentieth century, a new justification for the Church of England's establishment emerged: the church played an important social and political role in safeguarding the interests of other religious communities, including non-Christian ones. The development of this new vision of communal pluralism was shaped by two groups often seen as marginal in postwar British society: the royal family and missionaries. Elizabeth II and liberal evangelicals associated with the Church Missionary Society contributed to a new conception of religious pluralism centered on the integrity of the major world religions as responses to the divine. There were, therefore, impulses towards inclusion as well as exclusion in post-imperial British society. In its focus on religious communities, however, this communal pluralism risked overstating the homogeneity of religious groups and failing to protect individuals whose religious beliefs and practices differed from those of the mainstream of their religious communities.
ACTS OF TORTURE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE COLONY OF CYPRUS IN THE 1950S AND CHOICE OF LAW
Authors: Grušić Uglješa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article notes the judgment inSophocleous v Secretary of State for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, in which the High Court dealt with the law applicable to civil claims arising out of alleged acts of torture committed by British military and security services in the colony of Cyprus in the 1950s. The judgment is important because it sheds light on some underexplored corners of choice of law (law governing the external aspects of vicarious liability and of accessory liability in tort) and reaches the conclusion, which runs against the grain of other recent judgments given in civil claims brought against the Crown for the external exercise of governmental authority, that English law governs.
Noncooperation by Popular Vote: Expectations, Foreign Intervention, and the Vote in the 2015 Greek Bailout Referendum
Authors: Walter Stefanie , Dinas Elias , Jurado Ignacio , Konstantinidis Nikitas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhen popular referendums fail to ratify new international agreements or succeed in reversing existing ones, it not only affects domestic voters but also creates negative spillovers for the other parties to such agreements. We explore how voters respond to this strategic environment. We use original survey data from a poll fielded just one day before the 2015 Greek bailout referendum—a referendum in which the stakes for other countries were particularly high—to investigate how expectations about the likely foreign response to a noncooperative referendum outcome influence voting behavior and to what extent foreign policymakers can influence those expectations. Our analysis of the Greek referendum shows that such expectations had a powerful effect on voting behavior: voters expecting that a noncooperative referendum outcome would force Greece to leave the eurozone were substantially more likely to vote cooperatively than those believing that it would result in renewed negotiations with the country's creditors. Leveraging the bank closure that took place right before the vote, we also show that costly signals by foreign actors made voters more pessimistic about the consequences of a noncooperative vote and substantially increased the share of cooperative votes.
Helminth community and host dynamics in northern bobwhites from the Rolling Plains Ecoregion, U.S.A.
Authors: Bruno A. , Fedynich A.M. , Rollins D. , Wester D.B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOne hundred and sixty-one northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus; hereafter ‘bobwhite’) were examined from the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas and western Oklahoma from 2011 to 2013. Complete necropsies yielded 13 species, of which two are new host (Gongylonema phasianella) and region (Eucoleus contortus) records and three (Dispharynx nasuta, Tetrameres pattersoni and Oxyspirura petrowi) are known to cause morbidity and mortality. Of the species found, Aulonocephalus pennula commonly occurred, Oxyspirura petrowi was intermediate in prevalence, and the remaining species were rare. Species richness was similar compared to studies from the southeastern U.S., but higher than studies from the same region. In addition, 12 of the 13 species were heteroxenous helminths, supporting the theory that heteroxenous helminths in semi-arid regions are more successful than monoxenous helminths. Prevalence and abundance of A. pennula and O. petrowi were higher in adult bobwhites than in juveniles. Abundance of A. pennula and O. petrowi was higher at southern locations compared to northern locations in the study area. Our study is the first to provide a current assessment of the bobwhite helminth community across the Rolling Plains ecoregion of the U.S.
Human papillomavirus prevalence and clinicopathological associations in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the Lebanese population
Authors: Mhawej R , Ghorra C , Naderi S , Khoueir N , Abou Hamad W , Melkane A E 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate for the first time the prevalence of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a Middle-Eastern population, and to determine associations between human papillomavirus profiles and clinicopathological characteristics.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients treated for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma at the Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital (Beirut, Lebanon) between January 2010 and 2016. Existing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour samples were analysed. Human papillomavirus DNA viral load and p16 expression were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry respectively.ResultsThirty patients (mean age of 60 years) were included. Twenty-seven per cent of patients were p16-positive/human papillomavirus DNA positive, 53 per cent were p16-negative/human papillomavirus DNA negative and 20 per cent were p16-positive/human papillomavirus DNA negative. Human papillomavirus 16 was the most frequent subtype (75 per cent). Smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly lower in the human papillomavirus positive group compared to the human papillomavirus negative group (p = 0.049 and 0.004, respectively).ConclusionHuman papillomavirus rate was lower than reported rates in Western populations. Possible explanations include differences in social and cultural behaviours.
Eliminating the problem of hell
Authors: STERBA JAMES P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAccording to Marilyn Adams, hell poses the principal problem of evil for Christians. In this article, I show that the problem of hell can be eliminated, or solved, but not by any of four favoured theistic solutions (i.e. traditional, escapist, annihilationist and universalist) that have been provided. Rather, I argue that there is another theistic solution to the problem of hell, a morally realistic solution, which, by drawing on ethical theory, can be shown to be morally preferable to these other solutions.
ASSET INEQUALITY, ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY AND RELATIONAL EXPLOITATION
Authors: Skillman Gilbert L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:In response to Roemer's reformulation of the Marxian concept of exploitation in terms of comparative wealth distributions (1982, 1996), Vrousalis (2013) treats economic exploitation as an explicitly relational phenomenon in which one party takes advantage of the other's economic vulnerability in order to extract a net benefit. This paper offers a critical assessment of Vrousalis's account, prompting a revised formulation that is analysed in the context of a matching and bargaining model. This analysis yields precise representations of Vrousalis's conditions of economic vulnerability and economic exploitation and facilitates comparison to the alternative conceptions of Marx and Roemer.
Justis: at the Forefront of the Evolution of Legal Technology in the UK
Authors: Gerami Masoud , Hawes Aidan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this article, Masoud Gerami, Managing Director, and Aidan Hawes, Head of Commercial Development, offer an exploration of the history of Justis, and the influence the company has had on the delivery of legal information over its 30-year history. They describe the development of technology over this time, from the rise of optical media through to the features offered by today's online legal research technology, focusing on Justis’ key milestones over this period. They discuss the range of innovations Justis has been responsible for, the changes in the legal research industry, and offer an insight into the future aspirations of the company.
Usage and User Experience in an Academic Law Library
Authors: Bailey Josephine , Faulkner Kate 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article, written by Josephine Bailey and Kate Faulkner, discusses the collection of library usage data at the Squire Law Library, an academic law library embedded in the Faculty of Law at the University of Cambridge. Two initiatives were employed to survey usage: firstly, regular headcounts of library users and secondly, occasional spot-checks of university cards. This article details the data that was collected and how it fits into a wider ethnographic approach to understanding how students and researchers use libraries. The article also discusses how the pilots have developed into long-term procedures, and how this has led to improvements to the delivery of the service.
Mouse MRI shows brain areas relatively larger in males emerge before those larger in females
Authors: Qiu Lily R. , Fernandes Darren J. , Szulc-Lerch Kamila U. , Dazai Jun , Nieman Brian J. , Turnbull Daniel H. , Foster Jane A. , Palmert Mark R. , Lerch Jason P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSex differences exist in behaviors, disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. Sexual dimorphisms however, have yet to be studied across the whole brain and across a comprehensive time course of postnatal development. Here, we use manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to longitudinally image male and female C57BL/6J mice across 9 time points, beginning at postnatal day 3. We recapitulate findings on canonically dimorphic areas, demonstrating MEMRI’s ability to study neuroanatomical sex differences. We discover, upon whole-brain volume correction, that neuroanatomical regions larger in males develop earlier than those larger in females. Groups of areas with shared sexually dimorphic developmental trajectories reflect behavioral and functional networks, and expression of genes involved with sex processes. Also, post-pubertal neuroanatomy is highly individualized, and individualization occurs earlier in males. Our results demonstrate the ability of MEMRI to reveal comprehensive developmental differences between male and female brains, which will improve our understanding of sex-specific predispositions to various neuropsychiatric disorders.
Aerosol trace metal leaching and impacts on marine microorganisms
Authors: Mahowald Natalie M. , Hamilton Douglas S. , Mackey Katherine R. M. , Moore J. Keith , Baker Alex R. , Scanza Rachel A. , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetal dissolution from atmospheric aerosol deposition to the oceans is important in enhancing and inhibiting phytoplankton growth rates and modifying plankton community structure, thus impacting marine biogeochemistry. Here we review the current state of knowledge on the causes and effects of the leaching of multiple trace metals from natural and anthropogenic aerosols. Aerosol deposition is considered both on short timescales over which phytoplankton respond directly to aerosol metal inputs, as well as longer timescales over which biogeochemical cycles are affected by aerosols.
Feeders facilitate telomere maintenance and chromosomal stability of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Guo Renpeng , Ye Xiaoying , Yang Jiao , Zhou Zhongcheng , Tian Chenglei , Wang Hua , Wang Haiying , Fu Haifeng , Liu Chun , Zeng Ming , Yang Jun , Liu Lin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFeeder cells like mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been widely applied for culture of pluripotent stem cells, but their roles remain elusive. Noticeably, ESCs cultured on the feeders display transcriptional heterogeneity. We investigated roles of feeder cells by examining the telomere maintenance. Here we show that telomere is longer in mESCs cultured with than without the feeders. mESC cultures without MEF feeders exhibit telomere loss, chromosomal fusion, and aneuploidy with increasing passages. Notably, feeders facilitate heterogeneous transcription of 2-cell genes including Zscan4 and telomere elongation. Moreover, feeders produce Fstl1 that together with BMP4 periodically activate Zscan4. Interestingly, Zscan4 is repressed in mESCs cultured in 2i (inhibitors of Mek and Gsk3β signaling) media, associated with shorter telomeres and increased chromosome instability. These data suggest the important role of feeders in maintaining telomeres for long-term stable self-renewal and developmental pluripotency of mESCs.
A window of opportunity for cooperativity in the T Cell Receptor
Authors: Martin-Blanco N. , Blanco R. , Alda-Catalinas C. , Bovolenta E. R. , Oeste C. L. , Palmer E. , Schamel W. W. , Lythe G. , Molina-París C. , Castro M. , Alarcon B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) is pre-organised in oligomers, known as nanoclusters. Nanoclusters could provide a framework for inter-TCR cooperativity upon peptide antigen-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) binding. Here we have used soluble pMHC oligomers in search for cooperativity effects along the plasma membrane plane. We find that initial binding events favour subsequent pMHC binding to additional TCRs, during a narrow temporal window. This behaviour can be explained by a 3-state model of TCR transition from Resting to Active, to a final Inhibited state. By disrupting nanoclusters and hampering the Active conformation, we show that TCR cooperativity is consistent with TCR nanoclusters adopting the Active state in a coordinated manner. Preferential binding of pMHC to the Active TCR at the immunological synapse suggests that there is a transient time frame for signal amplification in the TCR, allowing the T cells to keep track of antigen quantity and binding time.
Photonic crystal cavities from hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Kim Sejeong , Fröch Johannes E. , Christian Joe , Straw Marcus , Bishop James , Totonjian Daniel , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Toth Milos , Aharonovich Igor 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDevelopment of scalable quantum photonic technologies requires on-chip integration of photonic components. Recently, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has emerged as a promising platform, following reports of hyperbolic phonon-polaritons and optically stable, ultra-bright quantum emitters. However, exploitation of hBN in scalable, on-chip nanophotonic circuits and cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) experiments requires robust techniques for the fabrication of high-quality optical resonators. In this letter, we design and engineer suspended photonic crystal cavities from hBN and demonstrate quality (Q) factors in excess of 2000. Subsequently, we show deterministic, iterative tuning of individual cavities by direct-write EBIE without significant degradation of the Q-factor. The demonstration of tunable cavities made from hBN is an unprecedented advance in nanophotonics based on van der Waals materials. Our results and hBN processing methods open up promising avenues for solid-state systems with applications in integrated quantum photonics, polaritonics and cavity QED experiments.
Composition and Use of Cannabis Extracts for Childhood Epilepsy in the Australian Community
Authors: Suraev A. , Lintzeris N. , Stuart J. , Kevin R. C. , Blackburn R. , Richards E. , Arnold J. C. , Ireland C. , Todd L. , Allsop D. J. , McGregor I. S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent surveys suggest that many parents are using illicit cannabis extracts in the hope of managing seizures in their children with epilepsy. In the current Australian study we conducted semi-structured interviews with families of children with diverse forms of epilepsy to explore their attitudes towards and experiences with using cannabis extracts. This included current or previous users of cannabis extracts to treat their child’s seizures (n = 41 families), and families who had never used (n = 24 families). For those using cannabis, extracts were analysed for cannabinoid content, with specific comparison of samples rated by families as “effective” versus those rated “ineffective”. Results showed that children given cannabis extracts tended to have more severe epilepsy historically and had trialled more anticonvulsants than those who had never received cannabis extracts. There was high variability in the cannabinoid content and profile of cannabis extracts rated as “effective”, with no clear differences between extracts perceived as “effective” and “ineffective”. Contrary to family’s expectations, most samples contained low concentrations of cannabidiol, while Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol was present in nearly every sample. These findings highlight profound variation in the illicit cannabis extracts being currently used in Australia and warrant further investigations into the therapeutic value of cannabinoids in epilepsy.
Spontaneous reactivation of latent HIV-1 promoters is linked to the cell cycle as revealed by a genetic-insulators-containing dual-fluorescence HIV-1-based vector
Authors: Kok Yik Lim , Schmutz Stefan , Inderbitzin Anne , Neumann Kathrin , Kelley Audrey , Jörimann Lisa , Shilaih Mohaned , Vongrad Valentina , Kouyos Roger D. , Günthard Huldrych F. , Berens Christian , Metzner Karin J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLong-lived latently HIV-1-infected cells represent a barrier to cure. We developed a dual-fluorescence HIV-1-based vector containing a pair of genetic insulators flanking a constitutive fluorescent reporter gene to study HIV-1 latency. The protective effects of these genetic insulators are demonstrated through long-term (up to 394 days) stable fluorescence profiles in transduced SUP-T1 cells. Analysis of 1,941 vector integration sites confirmed reproduction of HIV-1 integration patterns. We sorted monoclonal cells representing latent HIV-1 infections and found that both vector integration sites and integrity of the vector genomes influence the reactivation potentials of latent HIV-1 promoters. Interestingly, some latent monoclonal cells exhibited a small cell subpopulation with a spontaneously reactivated HIV-1 promoter. Higher expression levels of genes involved in cell cycle progression are observed in these cell subpopulations compared to their counterparts with HIV-1 promoters that remained latent. Consistently, larger fractions of spontaneously reactivated cells are in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, genistein and nocodazole treatments of these cell clones, which halted cells in the G2 phase, resulted in a 1.4–2.9-fold increase in spontaneous reactivation. Taken together, our HIV-1 latency model reveals that the spontaneous reactivation of latent HIV-1 promoters is linked to the cell cycle.
Visual Osteoclast Fusion via A Fluorescence Method
Authors: Li Boer , Yu Fanyuan , Wu Fanzi , Wang Ke , Lou Feng , Zhang Demao , Liao Xueyang , Yin Bei , Wang Chenglin , Ye Ling 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOsteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells. Fusion is an essential element in the formation of osteoclasts. However, the exact cellular events and mechanisms remain largely unknown because of limited and insufficient methods for observing fusion process. In this work, a fluorescence reporter strategy was established to monitor osteoclast fusion. After fusing with cells expressing Cre recombinase, those cells with double fluorescence switch its expression from red to green fluorescent protein. The effect of RANKL and PTH on osteoclast fusion were both quantitatively and visually detected utilizing this strategy. Furthermore, a combination of this strategy with a technique of fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed two different populations of fused osteoclasts, tdTomato+ GFP+ cells (TG cells) and GFP+ cells (G cells). The results argue for the potential of combining this technique with other bio-technologies to gain more information about osteoclast fusion. Overall, these data demonstrated that this visual fluorescence switch strategy is useful for further analysis of osteoclast fusion mechanisms.