bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Engineering of Multishelled Hollow Carbon Nanostructures for High‐Performance Na‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Bin De‐Shan , Li Yunming , Sun Yong‐Gang , Duan Shu‐Yi , Lu Yaxiang , Ma Jianmin , Cao An‐Min , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHard carbon has long been considered the leading candidate for anode materials of Na‐ion batteries. Intensive research efforts have been carried out in the search of suitable carbon structure for an improved storage capability. Herein, an anode based on multishelled hollow carbon nanospheres, which are able to deliver an outstanding electrochemical performance with an extraordinary reversible capacity of 360 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1, is designed. An interesting dependence of the electrochemical properties on the multishelled structural features is identified: with an increase in the shell number of the model carbon materials, the sloping capacity in the charge/discharge curve remains almost unchanged while the plateau capacity continuously increases, suggesting an adsorption‐filling Na‐storage mechanism for the multishelled hollow hard carbon materials. The findings not only provide new perspective in the structural design of high‐performance anode materials, but also shed light on the complicated mechanism behind Na‐storage by hard carbon.
A Novel Graphene Oxide Wrapped Na2Fe2(SO4)3/C Cathode Composite for Long Life and High Energy Density Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Mingzhe , Cortie David , Hu Zhe , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Gu Qinfen , Hua Weibo , Wang Enhui , Lai Weihong , Chen Lingna , Chou Shu‐Lei , Wang Xiao‐Lin , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe cathode materials in the Na‐ion battery system are always the key issue obstructing wider application because of their relatively low specific capacity and low energy density. A graphene oxide (GO) wrapped composite, Na2Fe2(SO4)3@C@GO, is fabricated via a simple freeze‐drying method. The as‐prepared material can deliver a 3.8 V platform with discharge capacity of 107.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 120 mA g−1) as well as offering capacity retention above 90% at a discharge rate of 0.2 C after 300 cycles. The well‐constructed carbon network provides fast electron transfer rates, and thus, higher power density also can be achieved (75.1 mAh g−1 at 10 C). The interface contribution of GO and Na2Fe2(SO4)3 is recognized and studied via density function theory calculation. The Na storage mechanism is also investigated through in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, and pseudocapacitance contributions are also demonstrated. The diffusion coefficient of Na+ ions is around 10−12–10−10.8 cm2 s−1 during cycling. The higher working voltage of this composite is mainly ascribed to the larger electronegativity of the element S. The research indicates that this well‐constructed composite would be a competitive candidate as a cathode material for Na‐ion batteries.
Solution Processable Inorganic–Organic Double‐Layered Hole Transport Layer for Highly Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Guan‐Woo , Kang Gyeongho , Choi Kyoungwon , Choi Hyuntae , Park Taiho 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached their highest efficiency with 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N′‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD). However, this material can cause problems with respect to reproducibility and stability. Herein, a solution‐processable inorganic–organic double layer based on tungsten oxide (WO3) and spiro‐OMeTAD is reported as a hole transport layer in PSCs. The device equipped with a WO3/spiro‐OMeTAD layer achieves the highest efficiency (21.44%) in the tin (IV) oxide planar structure. The electronic properties of the double layer are thoroughly analyzed using photoluminescence, space‐charge–limited current, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The WO3/spiro‐OMeTAD layer exhibits better hole extraction ability and faster hole mobility. The WO3 layer particularly improves the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) by lowering the quasi‐Fermi energy level for holes and reducing charge recombination, resulting in high VOC (1.17 V in the champion cell). In addition, the WO3 layer as a scaffold layer promotes the formation of a uniform and pinhole‐free spiro‐OMeTAD overlayer in the WO3/spiro‐OMeTAD layer. High stability under thermal and humid conditions stems from this property. The study presents a facile approach for improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs by stacking an organic layer on an inorganic layer.
Predicting Calendar Aging in Lithium Metal Secondary Batteries: The Impacts of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Composition and Stability
Authors: Wood Sean M. , Fang Chengcheng , Dufek Eric J. , Nagpure Shrikant C. , Sazhin Sergiy V. , Liaw Boryann , Meng Y. Shirley 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCalendar aging of lithium metal batteries, in which cells' components degrade internally due to chemical reactions while no current is being applied, is a relatively unstudied field. In this work, a model to predict calendar aging of lithium metal cells is developed using two sets of readily obtainable data: solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer composition (measured via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and SEI stability (measured as a degradation rate using a simple constant current–constant voltage charging protocol). Electrolyte properties such as volume and salt concentration are varied in order to determine their effect on SEI stability and composition, with subsequent impacts to calendar aging. Lower salt concentrations produce a solvent‐based, more soluble SEI, while the highest concentration produces a salt‐based, less soluble SEI. Higher electrolyte volumes promote dissolution of the SEI and thus decrease its stability. The model predicts that lithium metal would be the limiting factor in calendar aging, depleting long before the electrolyte does. Additionally, the relative composition of the electrolyte during aging is modeled and found to eventually converge to the same value independent of initial salt concentration.
High‐Performance Reversible Aqueous Zn‐Ion Battery Based on Porous MnOx Nanorods Coated by MOF‐Derived N‐Doped Carbon
Authors: Fu Yanqing , Wei Qiliang , Zhang Gaixia , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Jihai , Hu Yongfeng , Wang Dongniu , Zuin Lucia , Zhou Tao , Wu Yucheng , Sun Shuhui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have been emerging as potential large‐scale energy storage devices due to their high energy density, low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the commonly used cathode materials in ZIBs exhibit poor electrochemical performance, such as significant capacity fading during long‐term cycling and poor performance at high current rates, which significantly hinder the further development of ZIBs. Herein, a new and highly reversible Mn‐based cathode material with porous framework and N‐doping (MnOx@N‐C) is prepared through a metal–organic framework template strategy. Benefiting from the unique porous structure, conductive carbon network, and the synergetic effect of Zn2+ and Mn2+ in electrolyte, the MnOx@N‐C shows excellent cycling stability, good rate performance, and high reversibility for aqueous ZIBs. Specifically, it exhibits high capacity of 305 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at 500 mA g−1 and maintains achievable capacity of 100 mAh g−1 at a quite high rate of 2000 mA g−1 with long‐term cycling of up to 1600 cycles, which are superior to most reported ZIB cathode materials. Furthermore, insight into the Zn‐storage mechanism in MnOx@N‐C is systematically studied and discussed via multiple analytical methods. This study opens new opportunities for designing low‐cost and high‐performance rechargeable aqueous ZIBs.
Metal–Organophosphine Framework‐Derived N,P‐Codoped Carbon‐Confined Cu3P Nanopaticles for Superb Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Kong Minhong , Song Huaihe , Zhou Jisheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetal–organic framework derived approaches are emerging as a viable way to design carbon‐confined transitional metal phosphides (TMPs@C) for energy storage and conversion. However, their preparation generally involves a phosphorization using a large amount of additional P sources, which inevitably releases flammable, poisonous PH3. Therefore, developing an efficient strategy for eco‐friendly synthesis of TMPs@C is full of challenges. Here, a metal–organophosphine framework (MOPF) derived strategy is developed to allow an eco‐friendly design of TMPs@C without an additional P source, avoiding release of PH3. To illustrate this strategy, 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane (PTA) ligands and Cu(NO3)2 metal centers are employed to construct Cu/PTA‐MOPFs nanosheets. Cu/PTA‐MOPFs can be directly converted to carbon‐confined Cu3P nanoparticles by annealing. Benefiting from high heteroatom content in PTA, a high doping content of 3.92 at% N and 8.26 at% P can also be achieved in the carbon matrix. As a proof‐of‐concept application, N,P‐codoped carbon‐confined Cu3P nanoparticles as anodes for Na‐ion storage exhibit a high initial reversible capacity of 332 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1, and superb rate and cyclic performance. Due to rich coordination modes of organophosphine, MOPFs are expected to become a promising molecular platform for design of various heteroatom‐doped TMPs@C for energy storage and conversion.
Minimizing the Electrolyte Volume in Li–S Batteries: A Step Forward to High Gravimetric Energy Density
Authors: Agostini Marco , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Kim Hee Min , Bruni Pantaleone , Brutti Sergio , Croce Fausto , Matic Aleksandar , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSulfur electrodes confined in an inert carbon matrix show practical limitations and concerns related to low cathode density. As a result, these electrodes require a large amount of electrolyte, normally three times more than the volume used in commercial Li‐ion batteries. Herein, a high‐energy and high‐performance lithium–sulfur battery concept, designed to achieve high practical capacity with minimum volume of electrolyte is proposed. It is based on deposition of polysulfide species on a self‐standing and highly conductive carbon nanofiber network, thus eliminating the need for a binder and current collector, resulting in high active material loading. The fiber network has a functionalized surface with the presence of polar oxygen groups, with the aim to prevent polysulfide migration to the lithium anode during the electrochemical process, by the formation of S–O species. Owing to the high sulfur loading (6 mg cm−2) and a reduced free volume of the sulfide/fiber electrode, the Li–S cell is designed to work with as little as 10 µL cm−2 of electrolyte. With this design the cell has a high energy density of 450 Wh kg−1, a lifetime of more than 400 cycles, and the possibility of low cost, by use of abundant and eco‐friendly materials.
MnPO4‐Coated Li(Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4)O2 for Lithium(‐Ion) Batteries with Outstanding Cycling Stability and Enhanced Lithiation Kinetics
Authors: Chen Zhen , Kim Guk‐Tae , Bresser Dominic , Diemant Thomas , Asenbauer Jakob , Jeong Sangsik , Copley Mark , Behm Rolf Jürgen , Lin Jianyi , Shen Zexiang , Passerini Stefano 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHerein, the successful synthesis of MnPO4‐coated LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 (MP‐NCM) as a lithium battery cathode material is reported. The MnPO4 coating acts as an ideal protective layer, physically preventing the contact between the NCM active material and the electrolyte and, thus, stabilizing the electrode/electrolyte interface and preventing detrimental side reactions. Additionally, the coating enhances the lithium de‐/intercalation kinetics in terms of the apparent lithium‐ion diffusion coefficient. As a result, MP‐NCM‐based electrodes reveal greatly enhanced C‐rate capability and cycling stability—even under exertive conditions like extended operational potential windows, elevated temperature, and higher active material mass loadings. This superior electrochemical behavior of MP‐NCM compared to as‐synthesized NCM is attributed to the superior stability of the electrode/electrolyte interface and structural integrity when applying a MnPO4 coating. Employing an ionic liquid as an alternative, intrinsically safer electrolyte system allows for outstanding cycling stabilities in a lithium‐metal battery configuration with a capacity retention of well above 85% after 2000 cycles. Similarly, the implementation in a lithium‐ion cell including a graphite anode provides stable cycling for more than 2000 cycles and an energy and power density of, respectively, 376 Wh kg−1 and 1841 W kg−1 on the active material level.
Building the monocot tree of death: Progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil‐rich Zingiberales
Authors: Smith Selena Y. , Iles William J. D. , Benedict John C. , Specht Chelsea D. 
Published: August 2018

Premise of the StudyInclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order to construct a comprehensive “tree of death” and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the availability and interpretation of extensive morphological data. Here, the Zingiberales, whose familial relationships have been difficult to resolve with high support, are used as a case study to illustrate the importance of including fossil taxa in systematic studies.MethodsEight fossil taxa and 43 extant Zingiberales were coded for 39 morphological seed characters, and these data were concatenated with previously published molecular sequence data for analysis in the program MrBayes.Key ResultsEnsete oregonense is confirmed to be part of Musaceae, and the other seven fossils group with Zingiberaceae. There is strong support for Spirematospermum friedrichii, Spirematospermum sp. ‘Goth’, S. wetzleri, and Striatornata sanantoniensis in crown Zingiberaceae while “Musa” cardiosperma, Spirematospermum chandlerae, and Tricostatocarpon silvapinedae are best considered stem Zingiberaceae. Inclusion of fossils explains how different topologies from morphological and molecular data sets is due to shared plesiomorphic characters shared by Musaceae, Zingiberaceae, and Costaceae, and most of the fossils.ConclusionsInclusion of eight fossil taxa expands the Zingiberales tree and helps explain the difficulty in resolving relationships. Inclusion of fossils was possible in part due to a large morphological data set built using nondestructive microcomputed tomography data. Collaboration between paleo‐ and neobotanists and technology such as microcomputed tomography will help to build the tree of death and ultimately improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of monocots.
Agathistrees of Patagonia's Cretaceous‐Paleogene death landscapes and their evolutionary significance
Authors: Escapa Ignacio H. , Iglesias Ari , Wilf Peter , Catalano Santiago A. , Caraballo‐Ortiz Marcos A. , Rubén Cúneo N. 
Published: August 2018

Premise of the StudyThe fossil record ofAgathishistorically has been restricted to Australasia. Recently described fossils from the Eocene of Patagonian Argentina showed a broader distribution than found previously, which is reinforced here with a new early PaleoceneAgathisspecies from Patagonia. No previous phylogenetic analyses have included fossilAgathisspecies.MethodsWe describe macrofossils from Patagonia ofAgathisvegetative and reproductive organs from the early Danian, as well as leaves withAgathisaffinities from the latest Maastrichtian. A total evidence phylogenetic analysis is performed, including the new Danian species together with other fossil species having agathioid affinities.Key ResultsEarly DanianAgathis immortalissp. nov. is the oldest definite occurrence ofAgathisand one of the most completeAgathisspecies in the fossil record. Leafy twigs, leaves, pollen cones, pollen, ovuliferous complexes, and seeds show features that are extremely similar to the living genus.Dilwynitespollen grains, associated today with bothWollemiaandAgathisand known since the Turonian, were found in situ within the pollen cones.ConclusionsAgathiswas present in Patagonia ca. 2 million years after the K‐Pg boundary, and the putative latest Cretaceous fossils suggest that the genus survived the K–Pg extinction.Agathis immortalissp nov. is recovered in a stem position for the genus, whileA. zamunerae(Eocene, Patagonia) is recovered as part of the crown. A Mesozoic divergence for the Araucariaceae crown group, previously challenged by molecular divergence estimates, is supported by the combined phylogenetic analyses including the fossil taxa.
Mutations in WDR4 as a new cause of Galloway–Mowat syndrome
Authors: Braun Daniela A. , Shril Shirlee , Sinha Aditi , Schneider Ronen , Tan Weizhen , Ashraf Shazia , Hermle Tobias , Jobst‐Schwan Tilman , Widmeier Eugen , Majmundar Amar J. , Daga Ankana , Warejko Jillian K. , Nakayama Makiko , Schapiro David , Chen Jing , Airik Merlin , Rao Jia , Schmidt Johanna Magdalena , Hoogstraten Charlotte A. , Hugo Hannah , Meena Jitendra , Lek Monkol , Laricchia Kristen M. , Bagga Arvind , Hildebrandt Friedhelm 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGalloway‐Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder characterized by neurodevelopmental defects combined with renal‐glomerular disease, manifesting with proteinuria. To identify additional monogenic disease causes, we here performed whole exome sequencing (WES), linkage analysis, and homozygosity mapping in three affected siblings of an Indian family with GAMOS. Applying established criteria for variant filtering, we identify a novel homozygous splice site mutation in the gene WDR4 as the likely disease‐causing mutation in this family. In line with previous reports, we observe growth deficiency, microcephaly, developmental delay, and intellectual disability as phenotypic features resulting from WDR4 mutations. However, the newly identified allele additionally gives rise to proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome, a phenotype that was never reported in patients with WDR4 mutations. Our data thus expand the phenotypic spectrum of WDR4 mutations by demonstrating that, depending on the specific mutated allele, a renal phenotype may be present. This finding suggests that GAMOS may occupy a phenotypic spectrum with other microcephalic diseases. Furthermore, WDR4 is an additional example of a gene that encodes a tRNA modifying enzyme and gives rise to GAMOS, if mutated. Our findings thereby support the recent observation that, like neurons, podocytes of the renal glomerulus are particularly vulnerable to cellular defects resulting from altered tRNA modifications.
Photoelectrochemical Strategy for Discrimination of Microbial Pathogens Using Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zhang Pengbo , Lv Fengting , Liu Libing , Wang Shu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor for facile and sensitive identification of pathogenic microorganisms was developed. Cationic poly(phenylene vinylene) derivative (PPV) as photoelectrochemical active species was modified on the electrode. Under light irradiation, PPV could be excited and generate efficient photocurrent. PPV also had the ability to bind with negatively charged membrane of pathogenic microorganisms, which hindered the electron transfer between electrode and electrolyte. As a result, the photocurrent would decrease obviously. For E. coli, B. subtilis and C. albicans, the photocurrent density was reduced by 18, 33 and 59 %, respectively. Based on the reduction degree of the photocurrent after capturing different types of species of pathogenic microorganisms, a PEC sensor for discrimination of pathogenic microorganisms was realized.
Structure and Functionality of Polyelectrolyte Brushes: A Surface Force Perspective
Authors: Xu Xin , Billing Mark , Ruths Marina , Klok Harm‐Anton , Yu Jing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe unique functionality of polyelectrolyte brushes depends on several types of specific interactions, including solvent structure effects, hydrophobic forces, electrostatic interactions, and specific ion interactions. Subtle variations in the solution environment can lead to conformational and surface structural changes of the polyelectrolyte brushes, which are mainly discussed from a surface‐interaction perspective in this Focus Review. A brief overview is given of recent theoretical and experimental progress in the structure of polyelectrolyte brushes in various environments. Two important techniques for surface‐force measurements are described, the surface forces apparatus (SFA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and some recent results on polyelectrolyte brushes are shown. Lastly, this Focus Review highlights the use of these surface‐grafted polyelectrolyte brushes in the creation of functional surfaces for various applications, including nonfouling surfaces, boundary lubricants, and stimuli‐responsive surfaces.
Enhanced Dual Fuel Cell Electrocatalysis with Trimetallic PtPdCo Mesoporous Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Chunjie , Xu You , Li Yinghao , Xue Hairong , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe facile preparation of platinum‐based catalysts with designed compositions and structures is of great importance for fuel cells. In this work, a one‐pot method is developed to synthesize monodispersed trimetallic PtPdCo mesoporous nanoparticles (PtPdCo MNs) with uniform morphology and size. The proposed synthetic method does not require any hard template or organic solvent, which greatly simplifies the preparation procedure. PtPdCo MNs, with a highly porous structure, exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activities and excellent stabilities for both the formic acid oxidation reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction, relative to bimetallic PtPd MNs and commercial Pt/C catalyst. The proposed synthetic method is highly valuable for the design of mesoporous multimetallic catalysts for fuel cells.
Selenacalix[4]dithienothiophene: Synthesis, Structure, and Complexation of a Cyclic Tetramer of Selenide‐Bridging Dithienothiophene
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Inoue Ryota , Haga Shiori , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn efficient cyclization toward a cyclic tetramer of dithienothiophene (DTT) linked by divalent selenium atoms has been developed via palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction of (nBu3Sn)2Se. X‐ray analysis revealed its highly symmetrical structure had an alternate arrangement of DTT units. There are several Se⋅⋅⋅π interactions forming a supramolecular network leading to large void channel space. The cyclic tetramer possesses moderate electron‐donating ability. Furthermore, the cyclic tetramer undergoes complexation with C60 in a 1:2 ratio in the solid state to give a highly symmetrical three‐dimensional array of C60.
A Numerical Approach To Generalized Periodic Sylvester Matrix Equation
Authors: Lv Lingling , Zhang Zhe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe paper is dedicated to solving the generalized periodic discrete‐time Sylvester matrix equation, which is frequently encountered in control theory and applied mathematics. An iterative algorithm for this equation is presented. The proposed method is developed from a point of least squares method. The rationality of the method is testified by theoretical analysis. The presented approach is numerically reliable and requires less computation. Two numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the raised results.