bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High rebleeding risk associated with choroidal collateral vessels in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease: analysis of a nonsurgical cohort in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial
Authors: Funaki Takeshi , Takahashi Jun C. , Houkin Kiyohiro , Kuroda Satoshi , Takeuchi Shigekazu , Fujimura Miki , Tomata Yasutake , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEChoroidal collateral vessels typical of moyamoya disease have received attention as a potential bleeding source. The authors’ previous angiographic cross-sectional analysis suggested a possible association between choroidal collaterals and posterior hemorrhage, indicating a high risk for rebleeding. The present longitudinal analysis is intended to determine whether choroidal collaterals are a predictor of rebleeding in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease.METHODSThe Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial group designed an ancillary cohort study using 5-year follow-up data on 37 patients included in the nonsurgical arm of the original randomized controlled trial and compared the rebleeding rate of those with and those without choroidal collaterals, represented by the connection between the anterior or posterior choroidal arteries and the medullary arteries. An expert panel determined whether a choroidal collateral was present in each patient through the measurement of baseline angiography studies. The rebleeding rate comparison was adjusted for age, diagnosis of hypertension, and involvement of the posterior cerebral artery.RESULTSChoroidal collaterals were present in 21 patients (56.8%). The rebleeding rate was 13.1% per year in the collateral-positive group as compared with 1.3% in the negative group (p = 0.008, log-rank test). The adjusted hazard ratio for rebleeding in the collateral-positive group relative to the negative group remained statistically significant (HR 11.10, 95% CI 1.37–89.91). Radiographic assessment of the collateral-positive group revealed good correspondence between the distribution of collaterals and rebleeding sites.CONCLUSIONSResults of this study suggest that choroidal collaterals are a bleeding source with a high risk for hemorrhagic recurrence and a predictor of rebleeding in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease.
WIYN Open Cluster Study. LXXVI. Li Evolution Among Stars of Low/Intermediate Mass: The Metal-deficient Open Cluster NGC 2506
Authors: Anthony-Twarog Barbara J. , Lee-Brown Donald B. , Deliyannis Constantine P. , Twarog Bruce A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
HYDRA spectra of 287 stars in the field of NGC 2506 from the turnoff through the giant branch are analyzed. With previous data, 22 are identified as probable binaries; 90 more are classified as potential non-members. Spectroscopic analyses of ∼60 red giants and slowly rotating turnoff stars using line equivalent widths and a neural network approach lead to [Fe/H] = −0.27 ± 0.07 (s.d.) and [Fe/H] = −0.27 ± 0.06 (s.d.), respectively. Li abundances are derived for 145 probable single-star members, 44 being upper limits. Among turnoff stars outside the Li-dip, A(Li) = 3.04 ± 0.16 (s.d.), with no trend with color, luminosity, or rotation speed. Evolving from the turnoff across the subgiant branch, there is a well-delineated decline to A(Li) ∼1.25 at the giant branch base, coupled with the rotational spindown from between ∼20 and 70 km s−1 to less than 20 km s−1 for stars entering the subgiant branch and beyond. A(Li) remains effectively constant from the giant branch base to the red giant clump level. A new member above the clump redefines the path of the first-ascent red giant branch; its Li is 0.6 dex below the first-ascent red giants. With one exception, all post-He-flash stars have upper limits to A(Li), at or below the level of the brightest first-ascent red giant. The patterns are in excellent qualitative agreement with the model predictions for low/intermediate-mass stars which undergo rotation-induced mixing at the turnoff and subgiant branch, first dredge-up, and thermohaline mixing beyond the red giant bump.
On the RR Lyrae Stars in Globulars. V. The Complete Near-infrared (JHKs) Census of ω Centauri RR Lyrae Variables*
Authors: Braga V. F. , Stetson P. B. , Bono G. , Dall’Ora M. , Ferraro I. , Fiorentino G. , Iannicola G. , Marconi M. , Marengo M. , Monson A. J. , Neeley J. , Persson S. E. , Beaton R. L. , Buonanno R. , Calamida A. , Castellani M. , Carlo E. Di , Fabrizio M. , Freedman W. L. , Inno L. , Madore B. F. , Magurno D. , Marchetti E. , Marinoni S. , Marrese P. , Matsunaga N. , Minniti D. , Monelli M. , Nonino M. , Piersimoni A. M. , Pietrinferni A. , Prada-Moroni P. , Pulone L. , Stellingwerf R. , Tognelli E. , Walker A. R. , Valenti E. , Zoccali M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present a new complete near-infrared (NIR, JHK

s
) census of RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) in the globular ω Cen (NGC 5139). We collected 15,472 JHK

s
images with 4–8 m class telescopes over 15 years (2000–2015) covering a sky area around the cluster center of 60 × 34 arcmin2. These images provided calibrated photometry for 182 out of the 198 cluster RRL candidates with 10 to 60 measurements per band. We also provide new homogeneous estimates of the photometric amplitude for 180 (J), 176 (H) and 174 (K

s
) RRLs. These data were supplemented with single-epoch JK

s
magnitudes from VHS and with single-epoch H magnitudes from 2MASS. Using proprietary optical and NIR data together with new optical light curves (ASAS-SN) we also updated pulsation periods for 59 candidate RRLs. As a whole, we provide JHK

s
magnitudes for 90 RRab (fundamentals), 103 RRc (first overtones) and one RRd (mixed-mode pulsator). We found that NIR/optical photometric amplitude ratios increase when moving from first overtone to fundamental and to long-period (P > 0.7 days) fundamental RRLs. Using predicted period–luminosity–metallicity relations, we derive a true distance modulus of 13.674 ± 0.008 ± 0.038 mag (statistical error and standard deviation of the median) based on spectroscopic iron abundances, and of 13.698 ± 0.004 ± 0.048 mag based on photometric iron abundances. We also found evidence of possible systematics at the 5%–10% level in the zero-point of the period–luminosity relations based on the five calibrating RRLs whose parallaxes had been determined with the HST.
The Effect of Weak Resistivity and Weak Thermal Diffusion on Short-wavelength Magnetic Buoyancy Instability
Authors: Gradzki Marek J. , Mizerski Krzysztof A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Magnetic buoyancy instability in weakly resistive and thermally conductive plasma is an important mechanism of magnetic field expulsion in astrophysical systems. It is often invoked, e.g., in the context of the solar interior. Here, we revisit a problem introduc`ed by Gilman: the short-wavelength linear stability of a plane layer of compressible isothermal and weakly diffusive fluid permeated by a horizontal magnetic field of strength decreasing with height. In this physical setting, we investigate the effect of weak resistivity and weak thermal conductivity on the short-wavelength perturbations, localized in the vertical direction, and show that the presence of diffusion allows to establish the wavelength of the most unstable mode, undetermined in an ideal fluid. When diffusive effects are neglected, the perturbations are amplified at a rate that monotonically increases as the wavelength tends to zero. We demonstrate that, when the resistivity and thermal conduction are introduced, the wavelength of the most unstable perturbation is established and its scaling law with the diffusion parameters depends on gradients of the mean magnetic field, temperature, and density. Three main dynamical regimes are identified, with the wavelength of the most unstable mode scaling as either

or

or

, where d is the layer thickness and

is the ratio of the characteristic thermal diffusion velocity scale to the free-fall velocity. Our analytic results are backed up by a series of numerical solutions. The two-dimensional interchange modes are shown to dominate over three-dimensional ones when the magnetic field and/or temperature gradients are strong enough.
HCV Genotype-3h, a Difficult-to-Diagnose Sub-Genotype in the DAA Era
Authors: Minichini Carmine , Starace Mario , De Pascalis Stefania , Macera Margherita , Occhiello Laura , Caroprese Mara , Vitrone Martina , Iovinella Vincenzo , Guerrera Barbara , Masarone Mario , Coppola Nicola 
Published: March 2018

Background No data are available on the clinical presentation and virological pattern in the case of failure of interferon (IFN)-free regimens in patients with genotype-3h. In this paper authors identified the virological and clinical characteristics of patients with genotype-3h treated with suboptimal or not indicated IFN-free regimens for the misclassification of HCV genotype. Methods A total of 87 consecutive patients with failure to an IFN-free regimen were re-tested for HCV genotype by HCV NS5B sequencing; the 26 patients identified as harbouring HCV-3 were enrolled. Results Of the 26 patients enrolled, 4 (15.4%) harboured sub-genotype-3h and 22 (84.6%) 3a. All patients were Italian. Patients with genotype-3a infection were younger (median age 56 years, range 47–78) compared to those with genotype-3h infection (median 74 years, range 65–79; P<0.006). With regard to the failed direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-regimens, three of the four patients with genotype-3h (75%) had been treated with an ineffective DAA regimen (paritaprevir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir ± ribavirin for 3 months) more frequently than those with genotype-3a (13.6%; P=0.02), because of previous erroneous identification of HCV-1 genotype. NS5A resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) were observed in 10 (45.4%) genotype-3a-infected patients and in 2 (50%) with genotype-3h. NS5B RASs were observed in only two genotype-3a-infected patients and in none of the 3h-infected patients. Conclusions This is the first time genotype-3h has been identified in Italian patients failing an IFN-free regimen, in the majority of cases because of a misclassification of the HCV genotype.
Predictors of Underrepresented Nursing Students' School Satisfaction, Success, and Future Education Intent
Authors: Williams Lovoria B. , Bourgault Annette B. , Valenti Michael , Howie Melissa , Mathur Sunil 
Published: March 2018

Background:
The United States is steadily becoming more diverse. If current trends continue, the minority population will be the majority by 2043. In contrast to the U.S. population, nursing (the largest health care workforce) is composed of a nearly 76% White population. The literature reports that underrepresented minorities (URM) in nursing programs encounter multiple barriers to academic success.

Method:

A secondary data analysis of a national cohort of URM accelerated nursing students was conducted to examine three factors associated with microaggression—predictors of academic (NCLEX) success, satisfaction, and intent to pursue advanced education—among a cohort of URM accelerated nursing students who had received a national diversity scholarship (
n
= 2,250).

Results:
These three factors were predicted by institutional climate, mentoring, social interactions, the prematriculation preparation program, and other psychological, social, and cultural barriers.

Conclusion:

To increase nursing diversity and ensure a culturally competent profession, programs must attend to these factors. [
J Nurs. Educ.
2018;57(3):142–149.]
Using Critical Creativity to Reveal Nursing Student Learning in Long-Term Care
Authors: Indar Alyssa , Espin Sherry , LeGrow Karen , Janes Nadine 
Published: March 2018

Background:The use of teaching–learning strategies that emphasize critical reflection aids students in making sense of complex clinical placement settings, such as those in long-term care (LTC) settings.Method:A qualitative descriptive research design was used to explore the assumptions, anticipations, and realizations of six undergraduate nursing students regarding aging, gerontological nursing, and LTC as they engaged in facilitated critical reflection activities during a 12-week LTC placement.Results:The content analysis process revealed four main categories describing the student learning experience: Exploring the Therapeutic Nurse–Resident Relationship, Navigating Preceptor Relationships, Expanding Awareness of Context, and Embracing Many Feelings.Conclusion:Students placed in LTC were challenged by the realization of LTC as a complex setting, especially with minimal support from preceptors. Educators should present LTC as a challenging environment, rich with complex issues. There is potential in easing the strain on preceptors by leveraging the faculty educator role in facilitating student learning through critically creative approaches. [J Nurs Educ.2018;57(3):150–153.]
The Immunogenicity of a Proline-Substituted Altered Peptide Ligand toward the Cancer-Associated TEIPP Neoepitope Trh4 Is Unrelated to Complex Stability
Authors: Hafstrand Ida , Doorduijn Elien M. , Sun Renhua , Talyzina Anna , Sluijter Marjolein , Pellegrino Sara , Sandalova Tatyana , Duru Adil Doganay , van Hall Thorbald , Achour Adnane 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Human cancers frequently display defects in Ag processing and presentation allowing for immune evasion, and they therefore constitute a significant challenge for T cell–based immunotherapy. We have previously demonstrated that the antigenicity of tumor-associated Ags can be significantly enhanced through unconventional residue modifications as a novel tool for MHC class I (MHC-I)–based immunotherapy approaches. We have also previously identified a novel category of cancer neo-epitopes, that is, T cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing (TEIPP), that are selectively presented by MHC-I on cells lacking the peptide transporter TAP. In this study, we demonstrate that substitution of the nonanchoring position 3 into a proline residue of the first identified TEIPP peptide, the murine Trh4, results in significantly enhanced recognition by antitumor CTLs toward the wild-type epitope. Although higher immunogenicity has in most cases been associated with increased MHC/peptide complex stability, our results demonstrate that the overall stability of H-2Db in complex with the highly immunogenic altered peptide ligand Trh4-p3P is significantly reduced compared with wild-type H-2Db/Trh4. Comparison of the crystal structures of the H-2Db/Trh4-p3P and H-2Db/Trh4 complexes revealed that the conformation of the nonconventional methionine anchor residue p5M is altered, deleting its capacity to form adequate sulfur–π interactions with H-2Db residues, thus reducing the overall longevity of the complex. Collectively, our results indicate that vaccination with Thr4-p3P significantly enhances T cell recognition of targets presenting the wild-type TEIPP epitope and that higher immunogenicity is not necessarily directly related to MHC/peptide complex stability, opening for the possibility to design novel peptide vaccines with reduced MHC/peptide complex stability.
Associations of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Specific Follicular CD8+ T Cells with Other Follicular T Cells Suggest Complex Contributions to SIV Viremia Control
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Arif , McKinnon Katherine M. , Karpova Tatiana S. , Ball David A. , Venzon David J. , Fan Wenjin , Kang Guobin , Li Qingsheng , Robert-Guroff Marjorie 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Follicular CD8+ T (fCD8) cells reside within B cell follicles and are thought to be immune-privileged sites of HIV/SIV infection. We have observed comparable levels of fCD8 cells between chronically SIV-infected rhesus macaques with low viral loads (LVL) and high viral loads (HVL), raising the question concerning their contribution to viremia control. In this study, we sought to clarify the role of SIV-specific fCD8 cells in lymph nodes during the course of SIV infection in rhesus macaques. We observed that fCD8 cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and T follicular regulatory cells (Tfreg) were all elevated in chronic SIV infection. fCD8 cells of LVL animals tended to express more Gag-specific granzyme B and exhibited significantly greater killing than did HVL animals, and their cell frequencies were negatively correlated with viremia, suggesting a role in viremia control. Env- and Gag-specific IL-21+ Tfh of LVL but not HVL macaques negatively correlated with viral load, suggesting better provision of T cell help to fCD8 cells. Tfreg positively correlated with fCD8 cells in LVL animals and negatively correlated with viremia, suggesting a potential benefit of Tfreg via suppression of chronic inflammation. In contrast, in HVL macaques, Tfreg and fCD8 cell frequencies tended to be negatively correlated, and a positive correlation was seen between Tfreg number and viremia, suggesting possible dysfunction and suppression of an effective fCD8 cell immune response. Our data suggest that control of virus-infected cells in B cell follicles not only depends on fCD8 cell cytotoxicity but also on complex fCD8 cell associations with Tfh cells and Tfreg.
Clec9A+ Dendritic Cells Are Not Essential for Antitumor CD8+ T Cell Responses Induced by Poly I:C Immunotherapy
Authors: Gilfillan Connie B. , Kuhn Sabine , Baey Camille , Hyde Evelyn J. , Yang Jianping , Ruedl Christiane , Ronchese Franca 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In the steady state, tumors harbor several populations of dendritic cells (DCs) and myeloid cells that are key regulators of the intratumoral immune environment. Among these cells, migratory CD103+ cross-presenting DCs are thought to be critical for tumor-specific CTL responses and tumor resistance. However, it is unclear whether this prominent role also extends to immunotherapy. We used a murine orthotopic mammary tumor model, as well as Clec9A–diphtheria toxin receptor mice that can be depleted of the specialized cross-presenting CD8α+ and CD103+ DC1 subsets, to investigate the role of these DCs in immunotherapy. Treatment with monosodium urate crystals and mycobacteria at the tumor site delayed tumor growth and required DC1s for efficacy. In contrast, treatment with poly I:C was equally effective regardless of DC1 depletion. Neither treatment affected myeloid-derived suppressor cell numbers in the spleen or tumor. Similar experiments using subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors in BATF3-knockout mice confirmed that CD103+ DCs were not necessary for successful poly I:C immunotherapy. Nevertheless, adaptive immune responses were essential for the response to poly I:C, because mice depleted of CD8+ T cells or all DC subsets were unable to delay tumor growth. In vivo experiments showed that DC1 and DC2 subsets were able to take up tumor Ags, with DC2s making up the larger proportion of lymph node DCs carrying tumor material. Both DC subsets were able to cross-present OVA to OT-I T cells in vitro. Thus, immunotherapy with poly I:C enables multiple DC subsets to cross-present tumor Ag for effective antitumor immune responses.
Epitope-Binding Characteristics for Risk versus Protective DRB1 Alleles for Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Singh Toolika , Fakiola Michaela , Oommen Joyce , Singh Akhil Pratap , Singh Abhishek K. , Smith Noel , Chakravarty Jaya , Sundar Shyam , Blackwell Jenefer M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHLA-DRB1 is the major genetic risk factor for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). We used SNP2HLA to impute HLA-DRB1 alleles and SNPTEST to carry out association analyses in 889 human cases and 977 controls from India. NetMHCIIpan 2.1 was used to map epitopes and binding affinities across 49 Leishmania vaccine candidates, as well as across peptide epitopes captured from dendritic cells treated with crude Leishmania Ag and identified using mass spectrometry and alignment to amino acid sequences of a reference Leishmania genome. Cytokines were measured in peptide-stimulated whole blood from 26 cured VL cases and eight endemic healthy controls. HLA-DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1404/DRB1*1301 were the most significant protective and risk alleles, respectively, with specific residues at aa positions 11 and 13 unique to protective alleles. We observed greater peptide promiscuity in sequence motifs for 9-mer core epitopes predicted to bind to risk (*1404/*1301) compared with protective (*1501) DRB1 alleles. There was a higher frequency of basic amino acids in DRB1*1404/*1301-specific epitopes compared with hydrophobic and polar amino acids in DRB1*1501-specific epitopes at anchor residues pocket 4 and pocket 6, which interact with residues at DRB1 positions 11 and 13. Cured VL patients made variable, but robust, IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-10 responses to 20-mer peptides based on captured epitopes, with peptides based on DRB1*1501-captured epitopes resulting in a higher proportion (odds ratio 2.23, 95% confidence interval 1.17–4.25, p = 0.017) of patients with IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios &gt; 2-fold compared with peptides based on DRB1*1301-captured epitopes. Our data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with risk versus protection in VL in humans.
Resident Fuel Levels: Reframing, Assessing, and Addressing Well-Being
Authors: Scielzo Shannon Amerilda , Weigle David C. , Kazi Salahuddin (Dino) 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
To optimize resident learning, programs need to readily assess resident well-being. There is a lack of easy-to-use, acceptable instruments for this task.

Objective
We created a well-being “fuel gauge,” and assessed the acceptability and feasibility of this weekly electronic communication pipeline for residents to report and discuss their well-being.

Methods
A well-being fuel gauge assessment was administered weekly over the course of 1 academic year (July 2016 to June 2017) in a large internal medicine residency program. The well-being gauge asked residents to report their fuel levels using a 1 to 5 Likert-type scale (1, empty; 3, half tank; and 5, full tank). Residents who provided low scores (1 or 2) were contacted by program leadership, and the program director sent weekly e-mail updates that addressed residents' comments on their well-being fuel gauge.

Results
Of 163 residents, 149 (91%) provided data on their well-being fuel gauge, with a 53% average weekly response rate. Fifty-four percent of residents (80 of 149) reported a low score over the course of the year, and 4 residents only used the assessment to report a low score. Comments on average consisted of 280 characters (SD = 357) and were lengthier and more prevalent with lower fuel gauge scores. We analyzed the relationship between scores and comments.

Conclusions
The well-being fuel gauge was well accepted by most residents and was easy to administer and to oversee by program directors. It facilitated ongoing monitoring of well-being and follow-up to address factors contributing to low well-being.