bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel sorbent Ulva lactuca‐derived biochar for remediation of Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R in packed column
Authors: Gokulan R. , Ganesh Prabhu G. , Jegan J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn up‐flow fixed column study was conducted to remediate Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R (RBO3R) from contaminated solutions using biochar derived from Ulva lactuca biomass. The influences of column parameters on dye sorption were studied in detail, which include initial RBO3R concentration, bed depth, and flow rate. Optimization experiments indicated that maximum RBO3R column uptake of 0.114 mmol/g was observed at 0.25 mmol/L (initial RBO3R concentration), 0.3 L/hr (flow rate), and 25 cm (U. lactuca bed depth). Modeling of column sorption data was performed using the Yoon–Nelson, modified dose–response and Thomas models. The spent biochar was desorbed and rejuvenated using 0.01 M NaOH. The elutant (0.01 M NaOH) exhibited 99.7% efficiency, and the process was completed in 115 min with high overall concentration factor of 8.4.Practitioner points

This study explores the impact of column parameters on the dye removal potential of U. lactuca‐derived biochar.

At optimized condition, the biochar bed exhibited highest Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R uptake capacity of 0.114 mmol/g.

The regeneration and desorption of U. lactuca‐derived biochar bed was possible with NaOH (0.01 M) as elutant.
Testing unmanned aerial systems for monitoring wildlife at night
Authors: Ireland Alex W. , Palandro David A. , Garas Victor Y. , Woods Richard W. , Davi Richard A. , Butler Josh D. , Gibbens Dyan M. , Gibbens Jeffrey S 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTMonitoring wildlife populations in proximity to industrial activities, including oil and gas operations, is critical to mitigating potential risk to both animals and workers, especially at night. We report on tests of mobile and power‐tethered unmanned aerial systems (UASs) equipped with thermal cameras, comparing between these systems as well as to more conventional ground‐based camera traps. Our overall objective was to develop suggestions for potential utility of UASs by industry to monitor wildlife populations. We focused on straightforward counts of animals, qualitative comparisons of system operations and detection capabilities, and a simple spatial interpolation of observed animals to illustrate how these data could potentially be used in operational decision‐making. Results suggested that wide fields‐of‐view and extended operational periods offered by power‐tethered UASs could be advantageous for spatially extensive and temporally continuous monitoring needs, but that mobile UASs more easily generated mapped data products for integration into existing Geographic Information Systems. In either case, system redundancy would be critical to ensuring effective deployment in real‐world monitoring for risk mitigation. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Landscaping the strong CP problem
Authors: Kaloper Nemanja , Terning John 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOne often hears that the strongCPproblem istheone problem which cannot be solved by anthropic reasoning. We argue that this is not so. Due to nonperturbative dynamics, states with a differentCPviolating paramenterθacquire different vacuum energies after the QCD phase transition. These add to the total variation of the cosmological constant in the putative landscape of Universes. An interesting possibility arises when the cosmological constant is mostly cancelled by the membrane nucleation mechanism. If the step size in the resulting discretuum of cosmological constants, ΔΛ, is in the interval (meV)4<ΔΛ<(100 MeV)4, the cancellation of vacuum energy can be assisted by the scanning of θ. For (meV)4<ΔΛ<(keV)4this may yieldθ <10−10, meeting the observational limits. This scenario opens up 24 orders of magnitude of acceptable parameter space for ΔΛ compared to membrane nucleation acting alone. In such a Universe one may not need a light axion to solve the strongCPproblem.
Size Effect in Single Crystal Copper Examined with Spherical Indenters
Authors: Kucharski Stanisław , Woźniacka Stefania 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The increasing hardness with decreasing penetration depth, referred to as indentation size effect (ISE) was previously investigated experimentally and theoretically by many researchers, however the mechanisms responsible for ISE are still being discussed. Generally, ISE is related to the density of geometrically necessary dislocation stored within a small volume beneath the indenter tip. In this study ISE is investigated experimentally in a single crystal copper using spherical indenter tips of different radii. Some new aspects of ISE are shown: a qualitative change of shape of residual impression (pile-up/sink-in pattern) when tip radius or load is modified, an increase of maximum pop-in load with decrease of tip radius as well as the well-known increase of hardness when tip radius decreases are analyzed. As we observe a difference of the residual imprint morphology which depends on tip radius and load, we apply two methods of hardness estimation: true hardness and nominal hardness. The former is determined on the basis of direct measurement of the contact area while accounting for a specific pile-up pattern, while the latter is determined by measuring the contact area using residual penetration depth. We show that hardness–tip radius relationship has a linear form for the nominal hardness and bilinear form for the true hardness.
Examining patterns of cognitive impairment among homeless and precariously housed urban youth
Authors: Barone Carmelina , Yamamoto Aiko , Richardson Chris G. , Zivanovic Rebecca , Lin Daniel , Mathias Steve 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionHomeless and precariously housed young people are a complex, vulnerable population frequently perceived as being difficult to engage in health and social services. Although unrecognized deficits in cognitive functioning may adversely affect their ability to access assistance and meaningfully participate in programming, few researchers have examined these deficits. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of global and domain‐specific cognitive impairment of street involved young people.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted using intake data from 494 clients (64% male; average age of 21 years) enrolled in a community‐based inner city mental health program in Vancouver, Canada. Descriptive statistics were used to examine performance on six cognitive domains for a subsample (N = 44) referred for neuropsychological evaluation and bivariate statistics were used to compare youth who were and were not referred.ResultsCognitive impairment was evident in 80% of referred clients, with the most frequent difficulties involving attention and processing speed. Approximately 51% of clients referred for testing did not have more than a grade ten education and only 5% received government support for those with significant disabilities. Apart from alcohol use disorder, no significant differences were identified on sociodemographic and mental health variables between groups of referred and non‐referred clients.ConclusionsSignificant cognitive impairment was found in 80% of the young people referred for neuropsychological evaluation. This level of impairment combined with high levels of early school exiting and low levels of government support highlight the need for targeted screening to facilitate early identification and intervention.
Investigating the Associations Of Adult ADHD Symptoms, Hypersexuality, and Problematic Pornography Use Among Men and Women on a Largescale, Non-Clinical Sample
Authors: Bőthe Beáta , Koós Mónika , Tóth-Király István , Orosz Gábor , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent comorbid disorders in hypersexuality; however, previous studies only examined the associations of ADHD and hypersexuality among men seeking treatment. Although problematic pornography use (PPU) might be considered the most frequent manifestation of hypersexuality, no previous research examined its association with ADHD symptoms.

Aim
To (i) examine ADHD symptoms in relation to hypersexuality and PPU and (ii) identify possible similarities and differences in relationship with hypersexuality and PPU in a large, non-clinical sample between both sexes.

Methods
Multi-group structural equation modeling was conducted to investigate the hypothesized associations among adult ADHD symptoms, hypersexuality, and PPU between men and women (N = 14,043 participants; women = 4,237; mean age = 33.5 years, SD = 10.9).

Main Outcome Measures
Adult ADHD symptoms were assessed in relation to hypersexuality and PPU via self-reported measures.

Results
Results indicated that hypersexuality had positive and moderate association with problematic pornography use among women (r[14041] = .50, P &lt; .01) and positive and strong association among men (r[14041] = .70, P &lt; .01). ADHD symptoms had positive and moderate associations with hypersexuality in both men and women (β = .50, P &lt; .01; β = .43; P &lt; .01; respectively). Regarding men, ADHD symptoms had a positive, moderate association with PPU (β = .45, P &lt; .01), whereas ADHD symptoms had a positive, but weak, association with PPU in the case of women (β = .26, P &lt; .01).

Clinical Implications
When men have high levels of hypersexuality or PPU, ADHD should be assessed as a potential comorbid disorder. With regard to women, ADHD should be assessed as a potential comorbid disorder only in the case of hypersexuality.

Strength & Limitations
Applying self-report methods have possible biases that should be taken into account when interpreting the present findings. However, the present study was conducted on a large community sample and examined the differentiated role of ADHD symptoms in hypersexuality and PPU, not only in men but also in women, that has never been addressed in the literature.

Conclusion
ADHD symptoms might play an important role in the severity of hypersexuality between both sexes, whereas ADHD symptoms might only play a stronger role in PPU among men but not women. The findings corroborate previous results that PPU may not be unambiguously considered as a subcategory of hypersexuality. In addition, potential background mechanisms behind problematic pornography use should be examined separately between men and women.
Disaster-Related Surveillance Among US Virgin Islands (USVI) Shelters During the Hurricanes Irma and Maria Response
Authors: Schnall Amy Helene , Roth Joseph (Jay) , Ekpo Lisa LaPlace , Guendel Irene , Davis Michelle , Ellis Esther M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTwo Category 5 storms, Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria, hit the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) within 13 days of each other in September 2017. These storms caused catastrophic damage across the territory, including widespread loss of power, destruction of homes, and devastation of critical infrastructure. During large scale disasters such as Hurricanes Irma and Maria, public health surveillance is an important tool to track emerging illnesses and injuries, identify at-risk populations, and assess the effectiveness of response efforts. The USVI Department of Health (DoH) partnered with shelter staff volunteers to monitor the health of the sheltered population and help guide response efforts.MethodsShelter volunteers collect data on the American Red Cross Aggregate Morbidity Report form that tallies the number of client visits at a shelter’s health services every 24 hours. Morbidity data were collected at all 5 shelters on St. Thomas and St. Croix between September and October 2017. This article describes the health surveillance data collected in response to Hurricanes Irma and Maria.ResultsFollowing Hurricanes Irma and Maria, 1130 health-related client visits were reported, accounting for 1655 reasons for the visits (each client may have more than 1 reason for a single visit). Only 1 shelter reported data daily. Over half of visits (51.2%) were for health care management; 17.7% for acute illnesses, which include respiratory conditions, gastrointestinal symptoms, and pain; 14.6% for exacerbation of chronic disease; 9.8% for mental health; and 6.7% for injury. Shelter volunteers treated many clients within the shelters; however, reporting of the disposition (eg, referred to physician, pharmacist) was often missed (78.1%).ConclusionShelter surveillance is an efficient means of quickly identifying and characterizing health issues and concerns in sheltered populations following disasters, allowing for the development of evidence-based strategies to address identified needs. When incorporated into broader surveillance strategies using multiple data sources, shelter data can enable disaster epidemiologists to paint a more comprehensive picture of community health, thereby planning and responding to health issues both within and outside of shelters. The findings from this report illustrated that managing chronic conditions presented a more notable resource demand than acute injuries and illnesses. Although there remains room for improvement because reporting was inconsistent throughout the response, the capacity of shelter staff to address the health needs of shelter residents and the ability to monitor the health needs in the sheltered population were critical resources for the USVI DoH overwhelmed by the disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:38-43)
Influenza A (H3) Outbreak at a Hurricane Harvey Megashelter in Harris County, Texas: Successes and Challenges in Disease Identification and Control Measure Implementation
Authors: Liu Leann , Haynie Aisha , Jin Sherry , Zangeneh Ana , Bakota Eric , Hornstein Benjamin D. , Beckham Dana , Reed Brian C. , Kiger Jennifer , McClendon Michael , Perez Elizabeth , Schaffer Michael , Becker Les , Shah Umair A. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWhen Hurricane Harvey landed along the Texas coast on August 25, 2017, it caused massive flooding and damage and displaced tens of thousands of residents of Harris County, Texas. Between August 29 and September 23, Harris County, along with community partners, operated a megashelter at NRG Center, which housed 3365 residents at its peak. Harris County Public Health conducted comprehensive public health surveillance and response at NRG, which comprised disease identification through daily medical record reviews, nightly “cot-to-cot” resident health surveys, and epidemiological consultations; messaging and communications; and implementation of control measures including stringent isolation and hygiene practices, vaccinations, and treatment. Despite the lengthy operation at the densely populated shelter, an early seasonal influenza A (H3) outbreak of 20 cases was quickly identified and confined. Influenza outbreaks in large evacuation shelters after a disaster pose a significant threat to populations already experiencing severe stressors. A holistic surveillance and response model, which consists of coordinated partnerships with onsite agencies, in-time epidemiological consultations, predesigned survey tools, trained staff, enhanced isolation and hygiene practices, and sufficient vaccines, is essential for effective disease identification and control. The lessons learned and successes achieved from this outbreak may serve for future disaster response settings. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:97-101)
Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric inpatients: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Anjewierden Scott , Han Zheyi , Foster Charles B. , Pant Chaitanya , Deshpande Abhishek 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective:To summarize risk factors for Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) in hospitalized pediatric patients as determined by previous observational studies.Design:Meta-analysis and systematic review.Patients:Studies evaluating risk factors for CDI in pediatric inpatients were eligible for inclusion.Method:We systematically searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE for subject headings and text words related to CDI and pediatrics from 1975 to 2017. Two of the investigators independently screened studies, extracted and compiled data, assessed study quality, and performed the meta-analysis.Results:Of the 2,033 articles screened, 14 studies reporting 10,531,669 children met the inclusion criteria. Prior antibiotic exposure (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–3.52) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.07–1.64) were associated with an increased risk of CDI in children. Subgroup analyses using studies reporting only adjusted results suggested that prior antibiotic exposure is not a significant risk factor for CDI. H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.31–5.98) and that female gender (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.74–1.03) did not play a significant role as a risk factor for developing CDI.Conclusion:Prior antibiotic exposure appears to be an important risk factor for CDI based on the combined analysis but not significant using adjusted studies. PPI use was associated with an increased risk of CDI. Judicious and appropriate use of antibiotics and PPIs may help reduce the risk of CDI in this vulnerable population.
Tracking icebergs with time-lapse photography and sparse optical flow, LeConte Bay, Alaska, 2016–2017
Authors: KIENHOLZ CHRISTIAN , AMUNDSON JASON M. , MOTYKA ROMAN J. , JACKSON REBECCA H. , MICKETT JOHN B. , SUTHERLAND DAVID A. , NASH JONATHAN D. , WINTERS DYLAN S. , DRYER WILLIAM P. , TRUFFER MARTIN 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe present a workflow to track icebergs in proglacial fjords using oblique time-lapse photos and the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm. We employ the workflow at LeConte Bay, Alaska, where we ran five time-lapse cameras between April 2016 and September 2017, capturing more than 400 000 photos at frame rates of 0.5–4.0 min−1. Hourly to daily average velocity fields in map coordinates illustrate dynamic currents in the bay, with dominant downfjord velocities (exceeding 0.5 m s−1 intermittently) and several eddies. Comparisons with simultaneous Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements yield best agreement for the uppermost ADCP levels (~ 12 m and above), in line with prevalent small icebergs that trace near-surface currents. Tracking results from multiple cameras compare favorably, although cameras with lower frame rates (0.5 min−1) tend to underestimate high flow speeds. Tests to determine requisite temporal and spatial image resolution confirm the importance of high image frame rates, while spatial resolution is of secondary importance. Application of our procedure to other fjords will be successful if iceberg concentrations are high enough and if the camera frame rates are sufficiently rapid (at least 1 min−1 for conditions similar to LeConte Bay).
Figure and Ground in spatial language: evidence from German and Korean
Authors: CHOI SOONJA , GOLLER FLORIAN , HONG UPYONG , ANSORGE ULRICH , YUN HONGOAK 
Published: March 2019

abstractWe investigate how German and Korean speakers describe everyday spatial/motion events, such as putting a cup on the table. In these motion events, themoving object(e.g., cup) and thenon-moving reference object(e.g., table) take on the roles of Figure and Ground, respectively. Figure(F) and Ground(G) thus have distinct perceptual properties and assume conceptually asymmetric roles (entity moving along a trajectory vs. stationary reference frame). We examine the degrees to which speakers distinguish between F and G semantically (spatial/Path terms, e.g.,on,in) and syntactically (grammatical roles, e.g., subject, object). Participants described events involving two objects that switched their F-G roles (put cup(F)on board(G) andput board(F)under cup(G)). German speakers use distinct Path terms (e.g.,auf,in) for differential F-G relations, thus encoding the F-G asymmetry. In contrast, Korean speakers use the same terms (e.g.,kkita‘fit.tightly’) and the same syntactic constructions regardless of switches in F-G roles. These cross-linguistic differences are evident for Non-typical events (Put board(F)under cup(G)), showing that the encoding of the asymmetry interacts with speakers’ everyday experiences of motion events. We argue that the differences reflect the interactions between the Path lexicon and spatial syntax, and language-specific viewpoints of the F-G relation.
Forms of belief-less religion: why non-doxasticism makes fictionalism redundant for the pro-religious agnostic
Authors: PALMQVIST CARL-JOHAN 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhich form of belief-less religion should the agnostic prefer: non-doxasticism which substitutes belief with some weaker cognitive attitude, or fictionalism which standardly treats religious life as a game of make-believe? I argue for non-doxasticism due to its ability to handle the problems associated with fictionalism. However, in an argument for exclusive availability I go further, denying even that the agnostic has a choice: if she has a religious pro-attitude only non-doxasticism is rationally available to her. I also address and reject a recent argument by Finlay Malcolm to the effect that non-doxasticism cannot be properly distinguished from fictionalism.
Does anything we do matter forever?
Authors: MAWSON T. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article, I consider the question of whether or not any action we perform matters forever. I distinguish two senses of mattering, which I call ‘relative’ and ‘non-relative’ mattering; and I argue that the answers one should give to the questions of whether or not anything we do matters forever in these senses depend on one's world-view. I thus consider the questions from an atheistic naturalistic world-view and from two variants of the theistic world-view. Finally, I argue that on any plausible variants of these world-views, we either are already in or will end up in a state where nothing we do matters forever in the non-relative sense. And I consider whether or not it matters now that this is where we are or will end up. I conclude that on atheistic naturalism and on one variant of theism, it doesn't non-relatively matter now and on another variant of theism it does non-relatively matter now. I conclude that, on both variants of theism, it relatively and non-relatively matters at the time it obtains.
Truth-triggered religious commitments
Authors: SCHELLENBERG J. L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article describes a new type of religious commitment that is activated only if the associated religious propositions are true. The notion of a conditional intention provides the mechanism for understanding how it works, and the justification for forming such an intention in the religious case comes from an awareness of human immaturity combined with a more fundamental and unconditional commitment to truth, goodness, and beauty. The article's argument promises to contribute widely and to supersede certain older arguments, including Pascal's Wager.