bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐inhibition of BET proteins and PD‐L1 as a potential therapy for OSCC through synergistic inhibition of FOXM1 and PD‐L1 expressions
Authors: Wang Wei , Tan Junyan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundBromodomain and extra‐terminal domain (BET) proteins are important epigenetic regulators that facilitate the transcription of genes in chromatin areas linked to acetylated histones. JQ1, a BET inhibitor (BETi), has anti‐proliferative and apoptosis activity against many cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this research, we investigated the mechanism underlying the effects of JQ1 in OSCC and investigated strategies to increase its therapeutic potential.MethodsThe OSCC Cal27 and SCC25 cell lines were used for in vitro experiments. Cells were treated with JQ1 and/or siRNA targeting PD‐L1 (siPD‐L1), and cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle were evaluated by cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis. Levels of cleaved caspase‐3, p53, BRD4, PD‐L1, and FOXM1 were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot. The effects of single inhibitor or combination inhibitor treatment on tumors derived from Cal27 cells in mice were monitored.ResultsFOXM1 and PD‐L1 were downregulated by JQ‐1 in a dose‐dependent manner. Combined JQ1 and siPD‐L1 treatment synergistically inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro and synergistically inhibited tumor growth in vivo compared with single treatments. The combination treatment also synergistically suppressed FOXM1 and PD‐L1 signaling pathways in OSCC cells.ConclusionOur research suggests that FOXM1 and PD‐L1 are targets of BETi in OSCC cells and indicate that combining PD‐L1 blockade with BETi may be a useful therapeutic approach in OSCC through further suppressing FOXM1 and PD‐L1.
The economic burden of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Australia
Authors: Pollaers Katherine , Massingham Ian , Friedland Peter L. , Farah Camile S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe financial burden of treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma in Australia has never been reported, and there is a paucity of international data. Here, we report the direct costs of treatment of surgically resectable oral cancer in a tertiary public hospital in Australia over a 15‐year period.Materials and MethodsPathology department records, records of hospital attendance and hospital finance department records were interrogated to determine the direct costs of inpatient and outpatient treatment. Costs were adjusted using the total health price index so that all costs were equivalent to costings for the 2016/2017 financial year.ResultsA total of 113 cases were identified as suitable for inclusion. Complete inpatient and outpatient hospital attendance and costing data for treatment and subsequent 2‐year follow‐up was available for 29 cases. The average total cost over the 2‐year period was $92 958AUD (median $102 722, range $11 662‐$181 512). On average, 92.8% of costs were incurred in the first year post‐diagnosis. Inpatient costs, outpatient costs and total costs increased with increasing pathological cancer stage. Both 1‐ and 2‐year post‐diagnosis overall cost for patients with Stage 4 oral cavity cancer were more than two times greater than for patients with Stage 1 oral cancer.ConclusionIt is well documented that patients diagnosed at an earlier stage will have better survival outcomes, and it is assumed that the economic burden of their treatment will be less. We have shown that there is a direct correlation between cancer stage and cancer treatment cost. The findings provide clear economic support for oral cancer screening initiatives to detect earlier stage cancers, and the need to investigate novel techniques and technologies to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma early and reduce recurrence and mortality rates.
The Role of Curiosity in the Sociopolitical Development of Black and Latinx Adolescents
Authors: Clark Shelby , Seider Scott 
Published: June 2019

Sociopolitical development, the process of coming to understand and take action against systems of oppression, is associated with key outcomes for youth. Although rooted in Paulo Freire's work on critical consciousness, sociopolitical development models overlook a motivational attribute—curiosity—that Freire characterized as a catalyst of such development. This longitudinal study investigated the relationship between curiosity and two aspects of sociopolitical development (social analysis, societal involvement) in a sample of Black and Latinx adolescents (N = 659). Longitudinal growth models demonstrated positive growth in all constructs over 4‐years of high school. Multivariate growth models revealed a positive correlation at baseline between curiosity and both constructs; growth in curiosity was also positively correlated with growth in social analysis and societal involvement.
Efficacy and safety of telbivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in preventing hepatitis B vertical transmission: A real‐life practice
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Wang Jing , Yan Taotao , Du Dan , Qi Caijing , Cao Furong , Yao Naijuan , Yang Yuan , He Yingli , Tian Zhen , Ren Danfeng , Zhu Li , Chen Tianyan , Zhao Yingren 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) is a major obstacle in the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Telbivudine (LdT) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are the two most common antiviral medicines for preventing MTCT. However, the efficacy and safety of LdT and TDF in preventing HBV vertical transmission during the second to third trimester have not been compared rigorously. Therefore, we carried out a prospective multicentre cohort study of chronic hepatitis B in mothers with HBV DNA > 106 IU/mL, receiving LdT or TDF during the second to third trimester. Among the 893 mothers enrolled, 857 (LdT/TDF/untreated group (NTx) = 396/325/136) completed consecutive follow‐up with 854 infants (LdT/TDF/NTx = 395/323/136). LdT and TDF treatment resulted in a similar decrease of HBV DNA in mothers at delivery. Multivariate analysis indicated that only HBsAg titre at the baseline correlated with viral DNA decrease (P = 0.015). With intention‐to‐treat analysis, MTCT rates in the LdT, TDF and NTx group were 4.41%, 2.42% and 22.08%, respectively. An increasing vertical transmission rate was found to be closely associated with higher HBsAg titre, 5.32% and 17.65% infection rate was estimated in infants born to mothers with HBsAg > 4 and >5 log10 IU/mL, respectively. No serious side effects were reported in either mothers or infants. LdT and TDF treatments were well tolerated and showed comparable efficacy in reducing MTCT. Higher risk of MTCT was shown in pregnant women with HBsAg > 4 log10IU/mL.
SLC10A1 S267F variant influences susceptibility to HBV infection and reduces cholesterol level by impairing bile acid uptake
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Wang Ying , Tian Jianbo , Zhou Li , Chen Xueqin , Guo Hui , Zeng Junchao , Shen Na , Li Jiaoyuan , Ke Juntao , Zhu Ying , Gong Jing , Chang Jiang , Liu Li , Zhong Rong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe SLC10A1 Ser267Phe (S267F) variant has been reported to severely inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and taurocholate transport activity. This study aimed to clarify the effects of this variant on HBV infection and bile acid metabolism. SLC10A1 S267F was genotyped in 2907 HBV‐exposed subjects (including HBV persistent carriers and spontaneously recovered subjects) and 1364 unexposed subjects (HBV marker‐negative subjects), followed by replication I, comprising 914 exposed subjects and 1123 unexposed subjects, and replication II, comprising 355 children born to HBsAg‐positive mothers (226 HBV‐infected children and 129 controls). Intriguingly, SLC10A1 AA was observed only in the unexposed group, but not in the exposed group. The SLC10A1 A allele consistently decreased HBV infection risk compared with the G allele (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64‐0.90 in combined samples). In addition, children with the SLC10A1 GA genotype had a reduced risk of perinatal transmission (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14‐0.71). Moreover, unexposed subjects with the SLC10A1 AA genotype exhibited decreased serum total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to those with the GG or GA genotypes (P = 2.975 × 10−4 and 0.004, respectively). The study highlighted the role of the SLC10A1 S267F variant in the loss of the ability to support HBV infection and taurocholate transport activity. Subjects with the AA genotype may escape from HBV infection and present decreased cholesterol levels as a consequence of impaired bile acid uptake.
M‐SAKHI—Mobile health solutions to help community providers promote maternal and infant nutrition and health using a community‐based cluster randomized controlled trial in rural India: A study protocol
Authors: Patel Archana B. , Kuhite Priyanka N. , Alam Ashraful , Pusdekar Yamini , Puranik Amrita , Khan Samreen Sadaf , Kelly Patrick , Muthayya Sumithra , Laba Tracey‐Lea , Almeida Michelle D' , Dibley Michael J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReduction of childhood stunting is difficult to achieve by interventions that focus only on improving nutrition during infancy. Comprehensive interventions that extend through the continuum of care from pregnancy to infancy are needed. Mobile phones are now successfully being used for behaviour change communication to improve health. We present the methodology of an mHealth intervention “Mobile Solutions Aiding Knowledge for Health Improvement” (M‐SAKHI) to be delivered by rural community health workers or Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) for rural women, below or up to 20 weeks of pregnancy through delivery until their infant is 12 months of age. This protocol paper describes the cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of M‐SAKHI. The primary objective of the trial is to reduce the prevalence of stunting (height‐for‐age < −2z‐score) in children at 18 months of age by 8% in the intervention as compared with control. The secondary objectives include evaluating the impact on maternal dietary diversity, birth weight, infant and young child feeding practices, infant development, and child morbidity, along with a range of intermediate outcomes for maternal, neonatal, and infant health. A total of 297 ASHAs, five trained counsellors, and 2,501 participants from 244 villages are participating in this study. The outcome data are being collected by 51 field research officers. This study will provide evidence regarding the efficacy of M‐SAKHI to reduce stunting in young children in rural India, and if effective, the cost‐effectiveness of M‐SAKHI.
Tropical rainforest flies carrying pathogens form stable associations with social nonhuman primates
Authors: Gogarten Jan F. , Düx Ariane , Mubemba Benjamin , Pléh Kamilla , Hoffmann Constanze , Mielke Alexander , Müller‐Tiburtius Jonathan , Sachse Andreas , Wittig Roman M. , Calvignac‐Spencer Sébastien , Leendertz Fabian H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLiving in groups provides benefits but also incurs costs such as attracting disease vectors. For example, synanthropic flies associate with human settlements, and higher fly densities increase pathogen transmission. We investigated whether such associations also exist in highly mobile nonhuman primate (NHP) Groups. We studied flies in a group of wild sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys atys) and three communities of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. We observed markedly higher fly densities within both mangabey and chimpanzee groups. Using a mark–recapture experiment, we showed that flies stayed with the sooty mangabey group for up to 12 days and for up to 1.3 km. We also tested mangabey‐associated flies for pathogens infecting mangabeys in this ecosystem,Bacillus cereusbiovaranthracis(Bcbva), causing sylvatic anthrax, andTreponema pallidum pertenue, causing yaws. Flies contained treponemal (6/103) andBcbva(7/103) DNA. We culturedBcbvafrom all PCR‐positive flies, confirming bacterial viability and suggesting that this bacterium might be transmitted and disseminated by flies. Whole genome sequences ofBcbvaisolates revealed a diversity ofBcbva, probably derived from several sources. We conclude that flies actively track mangabeys and carry infectious bacterial pathogens; these associations represent an understudied cost of sociality and potentially expose many social animals to a diversity of pathogens.
A unified framework for plant life‐history strategies shaped by fire and herbivory
Authors: Archibald Sally , Hempson Gareth P. , Lehmann Caroline 
Published: June 2019

SummaryFire and herbivory both remove aboveground biomass. Environmental factors determine the type and intensity of these consumers globally, but the traits of plants can also alter their propensity to burn and the degree to which they are eaten. To understand plant life‐history strategies associated with fire and herbivory we need to describe both response and effect functional traits, and how they sort within communities, along resource gradients, and across evolutionary timescales. Fire and herbivore functional traits are generally considered separately, but there are advances made in understanding fire that relate to herbivory, and vice versa. Moreover, fire and herbivory interact: the presence of one consumer affects the type and intensity of the other. Here, we present a unifying conceptual framework to understand plant strategies that enable tolerance and persistence to fire and herbivory. Using grasses as an example, we discuss how flammability and fire tolerance, palatability, and grazing tolerance traits might organize themselves in ecosystems exposed to these consumers, and how these traits might have evolved with reference to other strong selective processes, like aridity. Our framework can be used to predict both the diversity of life‐history strategies and plant species diversity under different consumer regimes.
The auditory‐verbal hallucinations of Welsh–English bilingual people
Authors: Hadden Lowri M. , Alderson‐Day Ben , Jackson Mike , Fernyhough Charles , Bentall Richard P. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesPsychological models of voice‐hearing propose that auditory‐verbal hallucinations occur when inner speech is attributed to a source external to the self. Approximately half of the world's population is multilingual, and the extent to which they use a second language for inner speech depends on their experience and competency in it. Bilingualism therefore provides a natural window into the processes operating in auditory‐verbal hallucinations, but no systematic study of voice‐hearing in bilinguals has hitherto been conducted.DesignA mixed‐methods observational study of psychiatric service users who hear voices and who are Welsh–English bilingual.MethodsThirty‐seven participants were interviewed about their history and use of Welsh and English and divided into three groups: those who learnt Welsh first (L1 Welsh), those who learnt English first (L1 English), and those who learnt the two languages simultaneously. Detailed phenomenological data were collected using The Mental Health Research Institute Unusual Perceptions Schedule.ResultsBoth qualitative and quantitative data indicated very considerable variation in the extent to which voices were in Welsh, English, or both, with some voice‐hearers reporting that the predominant language of their voices had changed with time. There were modest but statistically significant associations between the predominant language of voices and age of language acquisition (late Welsh learners did not hear voices in Welsh), frequency of language use (more frequent use of Welsh was associated with more Welsh voices), and subjective language proficiency (proficiency in English was associated with a tendency to hear English voices).ConclusionsAlthough this was a small study, it was the first of its kind. There is a need for more research on the implications of bilingualism for psychosis in particular and mental illness more generally. The results are broadly consistent with the hypothesis that hallucinated voices are misattributed inner speech.Practitioner points

Assessments of people with mental health difficulties should routinely inquire whether they are multilingual and, if so, which language they prefer to use.

People with mental health difficulties may have difficulty expressing complex issues and emotions in a second language, despite apparent fluency.

When working with bilingual people who hear voices, mental health professionals should consider the language used by the voices when conducting assessments and proposing formulations.
Successful management of pediatric oral pemphigus vulgaris with topical corticosteroid monotherapy
Authors: Le Michelle , Ghazawi Feras M. , Miedzybrodzki Barbara , Chauvin Peter J. , Jafarian Fatemeh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune intraepithelial bullous disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. Typically, the management of PV is challenging, with systemic corticosteroids being the mainstay of treatment. We describe the case of a 14‐year‐old girl who was diagnosed with oral PV and successfully treated with topical corticosteroids alone. This case details a pediatric mucosal PV case successfully managed solely with topical corticosteroids.
Ophiostomatales associated with wounds on hardwood trees in Poland
Authors: Jankowiak R. , Bilański P. , Ostafińska A. , Linnakoski R. 
Published: June 2019

Wounds on trees provide entrance for many members of the Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota), including economically damaging tree pathogens. Because very little is known regarding wound‐associated fungi on hardwoods in Europe or their potential nitidulid beetle vectors (Coleoptera), the aim of this survey was to explore the diversity of these fungi in Poland. Wound samples associated with 26 tree species were collected from 18 stands in Poland. Fungi belonging to the Ophiostomatales were isolated and identified based on morphology and DNA sequence comparisons of five gene regions, combined with phylogenetic analyses. In total, 32 taxa were identified, including 20 known and 12 currently undescribed species. In addition, Grosmannia cainii, Ophiostoma cf. ponderosae, O. sparsiannulatum and Sporothrix aurorae were reported for the first time outside of the USA. The wound‐associated members of the Ophiostomatales recovered from hardwoods showed high diversity and specificity. Among the species recovered, 16 belonged to Sporothrix, 11 represented Ophiostoma s. l., five could be assigned to Leptographium s. l., and one Graphilbum species was detected. Among the studied tree species, wounds on Quercus robur appeared to be the most vulnerable to infection by members of the Ophiostomatales. All the nitidulid beetle species were found in association with species assignable to Ophiostoma and Sporothrix. This study detected a significant association between the occurrence of species belonging to the Ophiostomatales and the health status of the wounded trees. Some of the isolated species were host specific although Ophiostoma quercus, the most frequently encountered species, had a broad host range.
Validation of a portable device (iSperm®) for the assessment of stallion sperm motility and concentration
Authors: Dini Pouya , Troch Lucas , Lemahieu Isabel , Deblende Peter , Daels Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a novel, portable device (iSperm® Equine for assessing concentration and motility of stallion semen). In the first experiment, semen concentration was determined by the iSperm® Equine (Aidmics Biotechnology), Androvision® (Minitube) and NucleoCounter® SP‐100™ (ChemoMetec). The total motility and progressive motility were determined by the iSperm® Equine and the Androvision® using the manufacturer's guidelines. Frozen/thawed semen samples (n = 33) at various dilutions were analysed for concentration and motility with the above‐mentioned devices. There was a significant correlation between the concentrations measured with iSperm® and NucleoCounter® at all the measured dilutions. Moreover, <10% difference in concentrations was observed between the iSperm® and NucleoCounter® using the Bland–Altman test. There was also a significant correlation between iSperm® and Androvision® for total and progressive motility. In the second experiment, the parameters used in the Androvision® were modified to match those of the iSperm®. Total motility and progressive motility of frozen/thawed semen samples (n = 10) were determined, and the similarity between the Androvision® and iSperm® was confirmed by correlation studies and Bland–Altman test. The results of these experiments demonstrate that the iSperm® offers a reliable and practical alternative for the semi‐automated measurement of concentration and motility of stallion semen in the field. The iSperm® enables the practitioner to obtain objective and repeatable measurements on a variety of semen types (fresh, cooled and frozen) in the field at the time of insemination and thus acquire more insight into the quantity and quality of the provided insemination doses. This mare‐side diagnostic tool may help practitioners in identifying presumed subfertility problems more rapidly and act accordingly.
Analysis of outcome in dogs that undergo secondary amputation as an end‐point for managing complications related to limb salvage surgery for treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma
Authors: Wustefeld‐Janssens Brandan G. , Séguin Bernard , Ehrhart Nicole P. , Worley Deanna R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAppendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) remains a prevalent musculoskeletal cancer in dogs and definitive local control followed by adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy is considered the gold standard approach. Several studies support surgical limb salvage as a means of local control with similar outcomes compared with limb amputation. Complications are well described for limb salvage but little is known of dogs that undergo secondary amputation as a result of complications and outcomes specific to this group. A retrospective analysis of dogs in an institutional primary bone tumour registry was performed to identify dogs diagnosed with histologically confirmed OSA treated with surgical limb salvage with a technique that required an implant to reconstruct the osseous defect. A total of 192 dogs were identified with 31 dogs undergoing secondary amputation representing a limb preservation rate of 84%. A total of 111 dogs were analysed: 31 secondary amputation cases and 80 controls were selected for comparison. The most common reasons for secondary amputation were local recurrence (LR) and surgical site infection (SSI), with odds ratios of 3.6 and 1.7, respectively. Dogs that underwent secondary amputation had a significantly (P= .05) longer median disease specific survival time (ST) (604 days) compared with the control group (385 days). Dogs lived for a median of 205 days beyond secondary amputation and 97% had good functional outcome. Significant independent factors that positively influenced ST were secondary amputation, moderate SSI, severe SSI and age.