bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do austerity cuts spare police budgets? Welfare‐to‐carceral realignment during fiscal crises
Authors: Beck Brenden 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDid governments shift funding from their social welfare functions to their criminal justice functions after the 1980s? Studies investigating this possible “punitive turn” have been inconclusive and have been conducted at the state or national scale. Cities, however, are increasingly important as government responsibility devolves downward and social movements target municipal police budgets. This study contributes to ongoing academic and political debates about welfare‐state retrenchment and police department funding using data on 390 U.S. cities between 1990 and 2019. In contrast to conventional explanations for budgetary restructuring that foreground across‐the‐board cuts or macroeconomic causes, this study proposes a fiscal crisis model that emphasizes localized budget deficits, beliefs about policing's primacy, and police agencies’ political power. Data reveal gradual and considerable municipal budgetary restructuring toward law enforcement between 1990 and 2019, with police funding growing 32% relative to social spending. Fixed‐effects regression models with asymmetric predictors find that when municipal revenues fell by 10%, cities reduced police expenditures by an associated 1% and social service expenditures by 4%, with parks and housing seeing the biggest cuts. During austerity, municipalities cut police shallowly and temporarily while cutting social services deeply and enduringly, accelerating welfare‐to‐carceral realignment.
Percutaneous versus surgical catheter insertion for peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chui Juanita N. , Kim Paul , Cooper Tess E. , Zaman Tahmid , Hameed Ahmer , Wyld Melanie , Pleass Henry , Singla Animesh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is used as a kidney replacement therapy for patients with kidney failure. Institutional practices vary considerably, and the optimal technique for insertion of PD catheters is unknown. This study compared the efficacy and safety of surgical versus percutaneous approaches to PD catheter insertion for patients with end‐stage kidney disease.MethodsElectronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL) were systematically searched and analysed for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Eligible RCTs for inclusion were those that compared surgical versus percutaneous approaches to catheter insertion for patients undergoing PD dialysis. Outcomes of interest were patient‐ and catheter‐related complications. In this study risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsFour studies (397 participants) were included. With regards to surgical approaches, only one study evaluated laparoscopic insertion; all other studies reported on open surgical techniques. Percutaneous insertion techniques varied significantly between the studies. No difference in patient mortality was found (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.43–1.57, I2 = 0%). Percutaneous techniques were associated with lower rates of early peritonitis (RR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.12–0.91, I2 = 0%) and long‐term catheter failure (RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.47–1.00, I2 = 0%) than surgical approaches. Percutaneous catheter insertion was also associated with reduced late peri‐catheter leak rates (RR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.12–0.98, I2 = 0%) and peri‐procedural complications (RR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07–0.90, I2 = 0%). The overall risk of bias was moderate, and certainty of evidence was low or very low.ConclusionsWhilst percutaneous PD insertion techniques may have lower early and late complications compared to surgical technique, there was a lack of high‐quality evidence comparing outcomes between contemporary percutaneous and surgical PD catheter insertion techniques. Future RCTs are required to compare the safety and efficacy of modern percutaneous with laparoscopic techniques.
Predictors of pouch failure and quality of life following ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Rencuzogullari Ahmet , Akyol Cihangir , Hamzaoglu Ismail , Colak Tahsin , Karahasanoglu Tayfun , Sungurtekin Ugur , Leventoglu Sezai , Ozturk Ersin , Korkut Mustafa Ali , Sokmen Selman 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the causes of failure after the ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA) procedure for ulcerative colitis (UC) and to determine the independent risk factors affecting their quality of life.MethodsThis multi‐center cohort study included all UC patients who underwent IPAA at nine referral centers in Türkiye from 2010 to 2018. Centers were categorized as high‐volume (≥10 cases/year) or low‐volume (<10 cases/year). Outcomes assessed included postoperative complications, pouch failure, and QoL using the Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) and modified Oresland Score. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for pouch failure and QoL determinants, respectively.ResultsOf 296 patients included, pouches were constructed in 172 (58.1%) as a two‐staged and in the remaining patients as a three‐staged procedure. The high‐volume center had higher rates of biologic (45.1% versus 16%) and steroid use (63.9% versus 22.1%). The overall pouch failure rate was 4.7% at the end of follow‐up of 66.1 months. Independent risk factors for pouch failure included pelvic sepsis (OR = 47.47, P = 0.002), biologic use (OR = 13.45, P = 0.033), chronic pouchitis (OR = 14.31, P = 0.013), postoperative blood transfusion (OR = 7.04, P = 0.048), and low annual case volume (OR = 30.86, P = 0.047). CGQL and Oresland scores averaged 0.77 ± 0.1 and 6.3 ± 1.1, respectively. Factors negatively impacting QoL included two‐staged procedures, small bowel obstruction, venous thromboembolism, chronic pouchitis, increased frequency of bowel movements, and low annual case volume.ConclusionsIPAA surgery in UC patients in Türkiye demonstrates acceptable rates of complications and pouch failure, with high patient satisfaction in terms of QoL and functional outcomes. Optimizing long‐term results requires enhanced surgical expertise and coordinated multidisciplinary management strategies.
Cortex kidney tissue partial oxygen pressure depends on percentage of active oxygenation during oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion
Authors: Prudhomme Thomas , Darius Tom , Levy Stephan , Loiseau Emma , Le Bas‐Bernardet Stéphanie , Hervouet Jérémy , Minault David , Blancho Gilles , Bruneau Sarah , Badet Lionel , Kron Philipp , Mesnard Benoit , Branchereau Julien 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the advantages of oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion (HMPO2) during kidney preservation. However, the optimal oxygenation levels during HMPO2 remain undetermined. The aim of this study was to compare different levels of oxygenation (0%, 21%, 50%, and 100%) during 22 h of active oxygenated HMP (HMPO2) using oxygen preloading by bubbling oxygenation in the preservation solution and continuous surface oxygenation during MP in a porcine DCD model.MethodsAfter 60 min of warm ischemia time, both kidneys of an 80 kg pig were procured and randomized to one of the following groups: (1) 22‐h static cold storage (n = 6), (2) 22‐h HMP without active oxygenation (n = 6), (3) 22‐h HMPO2 21% O2 (n = 6), (4) 22‐h HMPO2 50% O2 (n = 6), and (5) 22‐h HMPO2 100% O2 (n = 6). The primary outcome measure was to compare the different oxygen levels among the different groups assessed by cortex kidney tissue oxygen partial pressures (tpO2).ResultsContinuous HMPO2 resulted in a significant modification of cortex kidney tpO2. In addition, tpO2 was dependent on the percentage of oxygenation. One hundred percent oxygen resulted in a significantly higher tpO2 compared to all other study groups. In line with that, ATP resynthesis was significantly higher in the HMPO2 100% group.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that continuous HMPO2 results in a significant modification of tpO2 compared with SCS, and the degree of tpO2 is positively correlated with the percentage of active oxygenation during HMP. Metabolic profile analyses (ATP resynthesis) suggest that the aerobic mechanism is better supported with higher oxygen levels (50% and 100% oxygenation).
Do Children Come First? Evidence From the Impact of Two Major Economic Crises on Children Education in Thailand
Authors: Sirisankanan Aeggarchat , Kananurak Papar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examined the impact of two major crises: the 1998 financial crisis and the 2021 COVID‐19 outbreak as well as the 1996 and 2019 non‐crisis period on child educational spending by Thai households. Using Thailand Socio‐Economic Survey (SES) data along with limited dependent variable models with an emphasis on correcting endogeneity problems were employed to achieve the objective. The results showed that households reduced educational spending in response to unemployment in both the 2021 crisis year and the 2019 non‐crisis period. More importantly households decreased educational spending due to unemployment in the 1998 and 2021 crisis period more than in the 1996 and 2019 non‐crisis period. Additionally, we only found households in the second and third income quartiles cut educational expenditure in response to unemployment.
Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Over 5 Million Patients Across Different Clinical Settings
Authors: Lekakis Vasileios , Wong Florence , Gkoufa Aikaterini , Papatheodoridis George V. , Cholongitas Evangelos 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) represents a commonly seen condition in the natural course of cirrhosis associated with unfavourable outcomes.AimsTo evaluate and compare the pooled mortality rates of patients with cirrhosis, with versus without AKI, across different clinical settings and diagnostic criteria.MethodsA systematic search of several databases was performed up to Oct 2023. Meta‐analysis was performed using a generalised linear mixed model with a random effects model for all calculations.ResultsA total of 59 studies comparing patients with cirrhosis, with and without AKI, were included in the meta‐analysis, encompassing 1,153,193 individuals with AKI and 4,630,814 without AKI. AKI development predisposed to significantly higher short (in‐hospital and 30‐days)‐, intermediate (90‐days)‐ and long (1‐year)‐term mortality rates in both inpatients and outpatients. Remarkably, patients with AKI admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) or diagnosed with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) experienced the higher short‐term mortality rates, reaching 76% [95% confidence interval (CI): 73%–79%] and 54% (95%CI: 33%–73%), respectively. AKI staging correlated with mortality risk, with higher stages indicating higher mortality rates, while the timing of AKI development, whether community‐acquired or hospital‐acquired, plays a crucial role in patient prognosis, with distinct mortality patterns observed in each group. The selection of diagnostic criteria for AKI may also impact its association with the short‐term mortality risk.ConclusionsAKI substantially affects the prognosis of patients with cirrhosis, especially those in ICU and/or with ACLF. Prognosis is also greatly influenced by the AKI stage, timing of onset and diagnostic criteria.
Impact of cataract surgery on patients receiving intravitreal therapy for retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Invernizzi Alessandro , Airaldi Matteo , Cozzi Mariano , Nguyen Vuong , Hashimoto Yohei , Barthelmes Daniel , O'Toole Louise , Ponsioen Theodorus Leonardus , Kusenda Pavol , Lavid Francisco Javier , Jaross Nandor , Gillies Mark , Hunt Adrian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo assess clinical outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes treated with intravitreal injections for cystoid macular oedema (CMO) secondary to retinal vein occlusions (RVOs).MethodsEyes receiving intravitreal injections for CMO secondary to RVOs that underwent cataract extraction were identified from the Fight Retinal Blindness! Registry and matched 1:1 by 9 parameters with phakic controls also receiving intravitreal injections for the same condition. VA change at 12 months, central subfield thickness (CST) and injection frequency before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. The effect of baseline features on the final VA including age, CST, treatment frequency among others was tested.ResultsWe included 193 eyes that had cataract extraction (exposed) matched with 193 phakic eyes that did not have surgery (matched). VA (95%CI) changed by +9.9 (7, 12.8) letters in exposed eyes versus −2.4 (−4.1, −0.7) letters in matched eyes (p < 0.01). The mean [SD] VA at 12 months was similar in exposed and matched eyes [60.7 (23.0) vs. 61.1 (24.3) letters, respectively, p = 0.81]. The mean [SD] CST was similar between groups before and at surgery, but it was greater in exposed compared with matched eyes [353 (152) vs. 322 (123) μm, respectively, p = 0.03] 12 months after surgery. Exposed eyes received more injections [median (range)] than matched eyes during the 12 months after surgery [5 (3, 7) vs. 4 (1, 6), injections, p < 0.01].ConclusionsCataract extraction delivered good visual outcomes in patients treated for CMO secondary to RVOs. More injections were required on average in the 12 months after surgery in eyes undergoing surgery compared to matched controls.
From the shadows: A qualitative study of fathers' perspectives and experiences of their partner's gestational diabetes mellitus and its implications
Authors: Benton Madeleine , Waheed Nabiha , Ismail Khalida 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects an increasing number of women each year. Research involving partners of women with GDM, such as fathers is limited, however, understanding their perspectives and involvement in GDM management could enhance health outcomes for both women and their families. This study aims to explore the impact and experiences of GDM on fathers in the perinatal period.MethodsQualitative, individual, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with individuals whose partners either currently had GDM or had been diagnosed with GDM within the past 3 years. All participants identified as biological fathers. Data were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsNine fathers participated in the study. Analysis resulted in four themes that explored fathers' experiences of GDM during the perinatal period: ‘navigating a GDM diagnosis’, ‘partnering in management and health’, ‘finding a place within the GDM journey’ and ‘the lasting impact of GDM’.ConclusionFathers encountered wide‐ranging impacts of their partners' GDM. Fathers provided both practical and emotional support to their partners. Engaging fathers in discussions at diagnosis and in management could facilitate the maintenance of positive health behaviour changes postpartum, potentially reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes for both parents.
Price and welfare effects of tariffs and non‐automatic import licences. Evidence for Argentina for the period 2002–2012
Authors: Moncarz Pedro Esteban 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSince 2005 and especially after the global crisis of 2009, Argentina has reversed some of the economic reforms implemented between 1991 and 2001. Due to restrictions on changing import tariffs, the government at the time turned to the implementation of non‐tariff measures, the most important of which was the introduction of non‐automatic import licences. Our objective is to analyse the impact of changes in import barriers on consumer welfare from 2002 to 2012, specifically measured by the change in consumer prices. The results suggest that the changes in import barriers led to an increase in the prices of both domestic and imported products. Despite a moderate overall effect, there is heterogeneity across sectors. Changes in non‐automatic licences account for most of the impact. The price increase is mainly due to the quality and variety channels of imported goods, with the unit value of imports playing a lesser role. At the household level, all experienced a welfare loss, which increases with the level of per capita expenditure.
WHY STILL KOSELLECK?
Authors: Esposito Fernando 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThose seeking to gain a deeper understanding of the complex interrelationship between Reinhart Koselleck's oeuvre and the turbulences of the Age of Extremes would be well advised to consult Stefan‐Ludwig Hoffmann's Der Riss in der Zeit: Kosellecks ungeschriebene Historik. Hoffmann shows how “Koselleck's personal experience of the abysmal meaninglessness of history” and his “experiences of time in extremis” formed the starting point for his numerous historiographical endeavors and, ultimately, for his unwritten Historik. Hoffmann provides an accessible interpretation of Koselleck's oeuvre, contextualizes its insights as a reflex of the latter's experience of the abysmal crises of the twentieth century, and invites a series of far‐reaching questions that point beyond Koselleck. The significance of Koselleck for contemporary historical thought is founded on his historicization of historicism. Whereas the initial crisis of historicism constituted the point of departure for Koselleck's project, it was before the backdrop of a second crisis of historicism that he historicized historicism, embarked on a search for a theory of the conditions of possible histories, and opened up a horizon for a new historical concept of history and understanding of time.
Exploring Interactional Metadiscourse in Content Farms and Formal News Agencies
Authors: Chang Yu‐Yun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTResearch on the content of articles from content farms and formal news reports remains limited. This study examines differences between the two types of news agencies regarding interactional metadiscourse, aiming to explore the rhetorical devices employed by writers to interact with readers. We retrieved 86 Chinese health‐related news articles from both content farms and formal news agencies to compile two corpora for quantitative and qualitative analysis. In general, content farm articles employ fewer boosters but more self‐mentions than formal news reports. Furthermore, distinct writing styles between the two types of agencies are observed. For instance, content farm articles tend to adopt a more colloquial style, emphasise balanced writer–reader interaction, and highlight the importance of the argument. In contrast, formal news articles prefer a more formal tone, encourage readers to take action, and emphasise the severity of circumstances.
Identities in Flux: English as Cultural Capital and a Rationale for Investment in a Pakistani University Classroom
Authors: Amin Rooh Ul , Haidar Sham , Manan Syed Abdul , Ahmed Fasih 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the connection between access to English during early schooling (Urdu‐medium public schools and English‐medium private schools), the impetus of investing in a graduate classroom, and their role in shaping learners' habitus, and identities. Using cultural capital and investment as the conceptual lens and students' interviews as the data, collected from a Pakistani university graduate classroom, the study explores access to English (cultural capital) and sees whether it symbolizes a privileged position in an all‐English milieu classroom setting. Grounded in a phenomenological design, the thematic analysis of the data demonstrates that English is not only perceived as invested capital but is also instrumental in (re)shaping the learners' self. The extent of access to learning English in schools not only facilitates (dis)advantaged positions but also defines symbolic power and the sense of (not)belonging to the classroom setting. The findings also exhibit that the learners' perceived positioning has a direct relationship with their investment in English and the potential returns in the form of capital valued in the social market. Having socioeconomic prestige associated with access to English, it is essential to revisit education policies, train teachers, and introduce inclusive curricula for promoting equitable access to learning English—the dominant language in Pakistan. This study suggests that English has considerable social consequences for learners in Pakistan, the degree of convergences with and divergences from this study's findings in other contexts may also be explored.
A Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial Evaluating Pulpotomy in Primary Molars With Three Bioceramic Calcium Silicate Cements: 24 Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Talekar Abhinav L. , Musale Prasad K. , Chaudhari Gayatri S. , Silotry Tayaba M. H. , Waggoner William F. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent times, bioceramic calcium silicates have gained attention due to high success rates with pulpotomy in primary teeth.AimsTo evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of three different bioceramic calcium silicate cements in vital deciduous teeth treated with pulpotomies over a period of 24 months.DesignChildren aged 4–9 years, with deep dentinal caries (ICDAS 4–6) in primary molars, having no history of spontaneous pain or signs of non‐vitality were included in the study. Following clinical and radiographic evaluation 117 primary molars diagnosed as having reversible pulpitis received pulpotomy treatment, after randomly being assigned into three groups based on the bioceramic calcium silicate medicament used: a pre‐mixed syringe‐loaded MTA putty (NeoPUTTY); a traditional powder‐liquid hand mix MTA material (NeoMTA Plus), and a precapsulated, trituration mixed material (Biodentine). Clinical and radiographic evaluation was done at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.ResultsThe cumulative clinical and radiographic success for NeoPUTTY was 92%, NeoMTA Plus 97% and for Biodentine 95% and 89%, respectively, after 24 months follow‐up.ConclusionThe clinical and radiographic success rates of all three bioceramic calcium silicate cements were found to be high, with no significant differences over a period of 24 months.Trial RegistrationClinical trial registration number: CTRI/2021/03/031655