bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuckoo’s eggs in neutron stars: can LIGO hear chirps from the dark sector?
Authors: Kopp Joachim , Laha Ranjan , Opferkuch Toby , Shepherd William 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe explore in detail the possibility that gravitational wave signals from binary inspirals are affected by a new force that couples only to dark matter particles. We discuss the impact of both the new force acting between the binary partners as well as radiation of the force carrier. We identify numerous constraints on any such scenario, ultimately concluding that observable effects on the dynamics of binary inspirals due to such a force are not possible if the dark matter is accrued during ordinary stellar evolution. Constraints arise from the requirement that the astronomical body be able to collect and bind at small enough radius an adequate number of dark matter particles, from the requirement that the particles thus collected remain bound to neutron stars in the presence of another neutron star, and from the requirement that the theory allows old neutron stars to exist and retain their charge. Thus, we show that any deviation from the predictions of general relativity observed in binary inspirals must be due either to the material properties of the inspiraling objects themselves, such as a tidal deformability, to a true fifth force coupled to baryons, or to a non-standard production mechanism for the dark matter cores of neutron stars. Viable scenarios of the latter type include production of dark matter in exotic neutron decays, or the formation of compact dark matter objects in the early Universe that later seed star formation or are captured by stars.
Late Pleistostene–Holocene sedimentation in lakes of central Transbaikalia: implications for climate and environment changes
Authors: Solotchina E.P. , Bezrukova E.V. , Solotchin P.A. , Shtok O. , Zhdanova A.N. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present integrated mineralogical, geochemical, and palynological data for Late Pleistocene–Holocene bottom sediments of Lake Arakhlei located in the Beklemishev tectonic basin in the southern Vitim Plateau (central Transbaikalia). The sediment samples were studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, laser particle sizing, spore–pollen analysis, radiocarbon (14C AMS) dating, and XRF spectrometry. The cored 128 cm long section of lake sediments consists of two units: One is composed mainly of layered silicates (illite–smectite, illite, chlorite, chlorite–smectite, muscovite, and kaolinite) and organic matter (OM) but no carbonates from 0 to 80 cm and the other contains authigenic Ca–Mg carbonates (up to 30%) of Mg-calcite and excess-Ca dolomite from 80 to 128 cm. The sediments also contain a rare mineral weddellite CaC2O4⋅2H2O discovered for the first time in Transbaikalian lakes. The evolution of Lake Arakhlei and its drainage basin comprised four stages, with pollen zones that mark the Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate history of the Beklemishev basin. The reconstructed history of Lake Arakhlei for the past ~ 15,500 years followed general climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, integrated research, including detailed analysis of mineral components and spore–pollen assemblages in lake sediments, is a workable tool for studying climatic controls of continental sedimentation.
Dunites of the Inagli massif (Central Aldan), cumulates of lamproitic magma
Authors: Chaika I.F. , Izokh A.E. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We consider a hypothesis for the origin of PGE-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Inagli massif (Central Aldan) through fractional crystallization from ultrabasic high-potassium magma. We studied dunites and wehrlites of the Inagli massif and olivine lamproites of the Ryabinovy massif, which is also included into the Central Aldan high-potassium magmatic area. The research is focused on the chemistry of Cr-spinels and the phase composition of Cr-spinel-hosted crystallized melt inclusions and their daughter phases. Mainly two methods were used: SEM-EDS (Tescan Mira-3), to establish different phases and their relationships, and EPMA, to obtain precise chemical data on small (2–100 μm) phases. The obtained results show similarity in chromite composition and its evolutionary trends for the Inagli massif ultramafites and Ryabinovy massif lamproites. The same has been established for phlogopite and diopside from crystallized melt inclusions from the rocks of both objects. Based on the results of the study, the conclusion is drawn that the ultramafic core of the Inagli massif resulted from fractional crystallization of high-potassium melt with corresponding in composition to low-titanium lamproite. This conclusion is consistent with the previous hypotheses suggesting an ultrabasic high-potassium composition of primary melt for the Inagli ultramafites.
Extremes of nonstationary Gaussian fluid queues
Authors: Dȩbicki Krzysztof , Liu Peng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe investigate the asymptotic properties of the transient queue length processQ(t)=max(Q(0)+X(t)-ct, sup0≤s≤t(X(t)-X(s)-c(t-s))),t≥0, in the Gaussian fluid queueing model, where the input processXis modeled by a centered Gaussian process with stationary increments andc>0 is the output rate. More specifically, under some mild conditions onXandQ(0)=x≥0, we derive the exact asymptotics of πx,Tu(u)=ℙ(Q(Tu)>u) asu→∞. The interplay betweenuandTuleads to two qualitatively different regimes: short-time horizon whenTuis relatively small with respect tou, and moderate- or long-time horizon whenTuis asymptotically much larger thanu. As a by-product, we discuss the implications for the speed of convergence to stationarity of the model studied.
Numerical simulation of electrospraying in the cone-jet mode
Authors: Gamero-Castaño M. , Magnani M. 
Published: November 2018

This article solves numerically the equations of the leaky-dielectric model applied to cone jets. The solution is a function of the properties of the fluid and its flow rate, universal in that it does not depend on the geometry and potential of the electrodes. This is made possible by the use of the potential field generated by a semi-infinite Taylor cone as a far-field boundary condition. The numerical solution yields the current emitted by the electrospray, which compares well with experimental data, and detailed information about the velocity, surface charge, electric field and the position of the free surface. These characteristics are generally inaccessible through experiments, and are needed to understand the relative importance of competing processes and the dominant physics. The simulations investigate the liquids tributyl phosphate and propylene carbonate (dielectric constants of 8.91 and 64.9 respectively), in a wide range of electrical conductivities and flow rates. The simulations show that the position of the surface, expressed in units of the characteristic length $r_{c}$, is largely invariant regardless of the physical properties and flow rates of the liquids. The surface charge falls below its equilibrium value along the transition from cone to jet, with a deficit that increases with the ratio between the electrical relaxation and flow residence times. Several characteristics of the cone jet are functions of the dielectric constant, which is consistent with the importance of charge relaxation effects (i.e. with the absence of surface charge equilibrium). The electric energy transferred to the transition region is largely transformed into viscous and ohmic dissipation, and conversion into kinetic energy only dominates once most of the current is fixed on the surface.
Dynamic slip wall model for large-eddy simulation
Authors: Bae Hyunji Jane , Lozano-Durán Adrián , Bose Sanjeeb T. , Moin Parviz 
Published: November 2018

Wall modelling in large-eddy simulation (LES) is necessary to overcome the prohibitive near-wall resolution requirements in high-Reynolds-number turbulent flows. Most existing wall models rely on assumptions about the state of the boundary layer and require a priori prescription of tunable coefficients. They also impose the predicted wall stress by replacing the no-slip boundary condition at the wall with a Neumann boundary condition in the wall-parallel directions while maintaining the no-transpiration condition in the wall-normal direction. In the present study, we first motivate and analyse the Robin (slip) boundary condition with transpiration (non-zero wall-normal velocity) in the context of wall-modelled LES. The effect of the slip boundary condition on the one-point statistics of the flow is investigated in LES of turbulent channel flow and a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer. It is shown that the slip condition provides a framework to compensate for the deficit or excess of mean momentum at the wall. Moreover, the resulting non-zero stress at the wall alleviates the well-known problem of the wall-stress under-estimation by current subgrid-scale (SGS) models (Jiménez & Moser, AIAA J., vol. 38 (4), 2000, pp. 605–612). Second, we discuss the requirements for the slip condition to be used in conjunction with wall models and derive the equation that connects the slip boundary condition with the stress at the wall. Finally, a dynamic procedure for the slip coefficients is formulated, providing a dynamic slip wall model free of a priori specified coefficients. The performance of the proposed dynamic wall model is tested in a series of LES of turbulent channel flow at varying Reynolds numbers, non-equilibrium three-dimensional transient channel flow and a zero-pressure-gradient flat-plate turbulent boundary layer. The results show that the dynamic wall model is able to accurately predict one-point turbulence statistics for various flow configurations, Reynolds numbers and grid resolutions.
Multi-type branching processes with time-dependent branching rates
Authors: Dolgopyat D. , Hebbar P. , Koralov L. , Perlman M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Under mild nondegeneracy assumptions on branching rates in each generation, we provide a criterion for almost sure extinction of a multi-type branching process with time-dependent branching rates. We also provide a criterion for the total number of particles (conditioned on survival and divided by the expectation of the resulting random variable) to approach an exponential random variable as time goes to ∞.
Relaxation of monotone coupling conditions: Poisson approximation and beyond
Authors: Daly Fraser , Johnson Oliver 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is well known that assumptions of monotonicity in size-bias couplings may be used to prove simple, yet powerful, Poisson approximation results. Here we show how these assumptions may be relaxed, establishing explicit Poisson approximation bounds (depending on the first two moments only) for random variables which satisfy an approximate version of these monotonicity conditions. These are shown to be effective for models where an underlying random variable of interest is contaminated with noise. We also state explicit Poisson approximation bounds for sums of associated or negatively associated random variables. Applications are given to epidemic models, extremes, and random sampling. Finally, we also show how similar techniques may be used to relax the assumptions needed in a Poincaré inequality and in a normal approximation result.
Optimal consumption of multiple goods in incomplete markets
Authors: Mostovyi Oleksii 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We consider the problem of optimal consumption of multiple goods in incomplete semimartingale markets. We formulate the dual problem and identify conditions that allow for the existence and uniqueness of the solution, and provide a characterization of the optimal consumption strategy in terms of the dual optimizer. We illustrate our results with examples in both complete and incomplete models. In particular, we construct closed-form solutions in some incomplete models.
THE RISE OF THE AMBASSADRESS: ENGLISH AMBASSADORIAL WIVES AND EARLY MODERN DIPLOMATIC CULTURE
Authors: ALLEN GEMMA 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article reveals how the ambassadress became an important part of early modern diplomatic culture, from the invention of the role in the early sixteenth century. As resident embassies became common across the early modern period, wives increasingly accompanied these diplomatic postings. Such a development has, however, received almost no scholarly attention to date, despite recent intense engagement with the social and cultural dimensions of early modern diplomacy. By considering the activities of English ambassadresses from the 1530s to 1700, accompanying embassies both inside and outside of Europe, it is possible not only to integrate them into narratives of diplomacy, but also to place their activities within broader global and political histories of the period. The presence of the ambassadress changed early modern diplomatic culture, through the creation of gendered diplomatic courtesies, gendered gift-giving practices, and gendered intelligence-gathering networks. Through female sociability networks at their host court, ambassadresses were able to access diplomatic intelligence otherwise restricted from their husbands. This was never more true than for those ambassadresses who held bonds of friendship with politically influential women at their host or home court, allowing them to influence political decision-making central to the success of the diplomatic mission.
WHICH DATABASES SHOULD BE USED TO IDENTIFY STUDIES FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OF ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS?
Authors: Arber Mick , Glanville Julie , Isojarvi Jaana , Baragula Erin , Edwards Mary , Shaw Alison , Wood Hannah 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:This study investigated which databases and which combinations of databases should be used to identify economic evaluations (EEs) to inform systematic reviews. It also investigated the characteristics of studies not identified in database searches and evaluated the success of MEDLINE search strategies used within typical reviews in retrieving EEs in MEDLINE.Methods:A quasi-gold standard (QGS) set of EEs was collected from reviews of EEs. The number of QGS records found in nine databases was calculated and the most efficient combination of databases was determined. The number and characteristics of QGS records not retrieved from the databases were collected. Reproducible MEDLINE strategies from the reviews were rerun to calculate the sensitivity and precision for each strategy in finding QGS records.Results:The QGS comprised 351 records. Across all databases, 337/351 (96 percent) QGS records were identified. Embase yielded the most records (314; 89 percent). Four databases were needed to retrieve all 337 references: Embase + Health Technology Assessment database + (MEDLINE or PubMed) + Scopus. Four percent (14/351) of records could not be found in any database. Twenty-nine of forty-one (71 percent) reviews reported a reproducible MEDLINE strategy. Ten of twenty-nine (34.5 percent) of the strategies missed at least one QGS record in MEDLINE. Across all twenty-nine MEDLINE searches, 25/143 records were missed (17.5 percent). Mean sensitivity was 89 percent and mean precision was 1.6 percent.Conclusions:Searching beyond key databases for published EEs may be inefficient, providing the search strategies in those key databases are adequately sensitive. Additional search approaches should be used to identify unpublished evidence (grey literature).
Der Global-Index der Conners-Skalen
Authors: Otto Christiane , Barkmann Claus , Döpfner Manfred , Petermann Franz , Schlack Robert , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Klasen Fionna 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Aufmerksamkeitsdefizits- / Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (ADHS) treten in der Kindheit und Jugend häufig auf und ziehen oftmals psychische Probleme im Erwachsenenalter nach sich. Der Global-Index der etablierten Conners-Skalen dient als Screening-Instrument für eine ADHS und weitere psychische Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in der klinischen Routine sowie in Forschungsstudien. Die vorliegende Untersuchung präsentiert die psychometrische Analyse einer deutschen Eltern- und Selbstberichtsversion des Global-Index sowie Normwerte basierend auf Daten von N = 967 13- bis 17-Jährigen aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die Resultate zeigen für den Eltern- und den Selbstbericht des Global-Index sowie für die zugehörige Subskala Rastlos-Impulsiv jeweils neben einer guten internen Konsistenz Hinweise auf eine ausreichende bis gute konvergente Validität, aber die entsprechenden Kennwerte für die Subskala Emotional-Labil waren nicht ausreichend. Für beide Urteilerperspektiven wurden Stärken, aber auch strukturelle Schwächen entdeckt, die in weiteren Studien untersucht werden sollten. Die Subskala Emotional-Labil sollte mit Vorsicht verwendet werden. Die Befunde sollten nicht auf Kinder und Jugendliche außerhalb des untersuchten Altersbereichs übertragen werden.
Measuring Community Resilience to Natural Hazards: The Natural Hazard Resilience Screening Index (NaHRSI)—Development and Application to the United States
Authors: Summers J. Kevin , Harwell Linda C. , Smith Lisa M. , Buck Kyle D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNatural disasters often impose significant and long‐lasting stress on financial, social, and ecological systems. From Atlantic hurricanes to Midwest tornadoes to Western wildfires, no corner of the United States is immune from the threat of a devastating natural hazard event. Across the nation, there is a recognition that the benefits of creating environments resilient to adverse natural hazard events help promote and sustain county and community success over time. The challenge for communities is in finding ways to balance the need to preserve the socioecological systems on which they depend in the face of constantly changing natural hazard threats. The Natural Hazard Resilience Screening Index (NaHRSI; previously entitled Climate Resilience Screening Index) has been developed as an endpoint for characterizing county resilience outcomes that are based on risk profiles and responsive to changes in governance, societal, built, and natural system characteristics. The NaHRSI framework serves as a conceptual roadmap showing how natural hazard events impact resilience after factoring in county characteristics. By evaluating the factors that influence vulnerability and recoverability, an estimation of resilience can quantify how changes in these characteristics will impact resilience given specific hazard profiles. Ultimately, this knowledge will help communities identify potential areas to target for increasing resilience to natural hazard events.
Sea Level Interannual Variability Along the West Coast of India
Authors: Suresh I. , Vialard J. , Lengaigne M. , Izumo T. , Parvathi V. , Muraleedharan P. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInterannual sea level anomalies (SLA), and the related thermocline variations, along the west coast of India (WCI) strongly impact the ecosystems, fisheries, and potentially the monsoon rainfall. Here we investigate the mechanisms driving the WCI interannual SLA using a linear continuously stratified ocean model, which realistically simulates the leading northern Indian Ocean SLA mode associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). During, for example, positive IOD events, easterly wind anomalies near Sri Lanka in late summer and fall force downwelling coastal Kelvin waves, which induce positive WCI SLA within days. Meanwhile, equatorial easterlies force upwelling Kelvin waves that travel to WCI through the Bay of Bengal coastal waveguide. Part of this opposite signal also transits slowly through the Bay of Bengal interior as Rossby waves, eventually yielding negative SLA along the WCI in winter. The WCI SLA thus shifts from positive in fall to negative in winter during positive IOD events.
Hemispheric Asymmetry of the Vertical Ion Drifts at Dawn Observed by DMSP
Authors: Liu Mohan , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , He Fei , Wang Wenbin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBased on the measurements from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F12, F13, and F15 satellites in 1995–2014, we report significant hemispheric asymmetries in vertical ion drift velocity (Vz) at dawn (0500–0700 solar local time) in geomagnetic and geographic coordinates. Vz is distributed in 0300–0900 magnetic local time sector in both the northern (NH) and southern (SH) hemispheres. The north‐south asymmetries are persistent no matter under what kind of seasonal, solar activity, and IMF conditions. In the polar cap, downward Vz is stronger in the SH. Such difference shows clear IMF BY dependence and is more significant in the local winter and/or under low solar activity conditions. In the geomagnetic coordinates, the auroral zone is dominated by upward Vz in the NH but by downward Vz in the SH statistically. In the geographic coordinates, the geographic longitudinal variation of Vz is more pronounced in the SH. The seasonal variations of high‐latitude Vz are different in the NH and SH. The average asymmetric feature of Vz largely depends on the occurrence and magnitude of ion upflow/outflow, which are modulated by the combined effects of the asymmetric magnetic field configuration between the two hemispheres, and the dynamic processes in the tightly coupled ionosphere‐thermosphere system, and their (probably nonlinear) interactions with each other.
Linking bacterial community composition to soil salinity along environmental gradients
Authors: Rath Kristin M , Fierer Noah , Murphy Daniel V , Rousk Johannes 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSalinization is recognized as a threat to soil fertility worldwide. A challenge in understanding the effects of salinity on soil microbial communities is the fact that it can be difficult to disentangle the effects of salinity from those of other variables that may co-vary with salinity. Here we use a trait-based approach to identify direct effects of salinity on soil bacterial communities across two salinity gradients. Through dose–response relationships between salinity and bacterial growth, we quantified distributions of the trait salt tolerance within the communities. Community salt tolerance was closely correlated with soil salinity, indicating a strong filtering effect of salinity on the bacterial communities. Accompanying the increases in salt tolerance were consistent shifts in bacterial community composition. We identified specific bacterial taxa that increased in relative abundances with community salt tolerance, which could be used as bioindicators for high community salt tolerance. A strong filtering effect was also observed for pH across the gradients, with pH tolerance of bacterial communities correlated to soil pH. We propose phenotypic trait distributions aggregated at the community level as a useful approach to study the role of environmental factors as filters of microbial community composition.