bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Субэтнические дифференциации российских этносов (на примере калмыков и тувинцев)
Authors: Lamazhaa Chimiza K. , Namrueva Lyudmila V. 
Published: June 2018

В статье предлагается рассматривать тему разделительных, различительных явлений и процессов в этносоциальной жизни российских регионов, которые имеют в своей основе сложносоставной характер коренного населения. Этот ряд явлений и процессов авторы предлагают называть субэтническими дифференциациями, различая их декларируемые формы и недекларируемые. В качестве материала для анализа авторы рассматривают субэтнические дифференциации современных калмыков и тувинцев.Экскурс в этногенез калмыков и тувинцев показывает сложную структуру данных этносов. Основой социальной структуры общества калмыков и тувинцев был род, который считался по отцовской линии. Вся родня по отцовской линии составляла одно поселение (хотон, аал). Родовым связям, родовой идентификации, знанию своего рода придавалось огромное значение. Тем не менее, внутренняя структура этноса была сложнее и включала не только роды, особенно у калмыков. Исторические события ХХ в. по-разному повлияли на этносоциальные процессы, однако не смогли полностью изменить основы социальной структуры этносов. Долгие годы подчеркивание связей со своим родом воспринималось как «местечковость», но родовое деление, родовая идентичность не теряли своей значимости.Декларируемой формой субэтнической дифференциации авторы называют события, мероприятия, наименования, публичные выступления и акции — все то, что подчеркивается инициаторами и субъектами действий в качестве возрождаемой традиционности этнической культуры, когда родовое, родоплеменное деление признается необходимой частью традиционной культуры. Недекларируемые формы разворачиваются без постановки высоких целей, в сфере социальных, бытовых отношений, в том числе для решения групповых экономических и политических задач.Собственно социально-демографические, миграционные процессы в регионах не указывают на то, чтобы происходили физические расколы этносов, их распады и образования новых групп. Напротив, во многом, идет усиление урбанизации, отток населения из сел и многие внутриэтнические проблемы возникают в условиях концентрации в одном месте представителей разных родственных групп, которые до этого проживали относительно раздельно. Авторы полагают, что актуализация темы внутренней сложности этносов, групп в их составе идет в одном ряду с актуализацией в целом темы этничности в современных условиях.
DENİZLİ YÖRESEL GİYSİLERİNİN ÇAĞDAŞLAŞTIRMA ve MODEL ANALİZİ ÇALIŞMALARI (ACIPAYAM, BULDAN, ÇİVRİL VE SERİNHİSAR İLÇELERİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: ÜNAL Nezla , UTKUN Emine 
Published: June 2018

Tarih
boyunca giyim kültürü incelendiğinde her toplumun yaşadığı coğrafyanın, yaşam
tarzının, günlük işlerinin, değerlerinin, örf ve âdetlerinin o yörede giyilen
giysilerin biçim ve çeşidini etkilediği görülmektedir. İnsanların
yaşadığı yörelere özgü elbiseler, o bölgenin yöresel giysilerini
oluşturmaktadır. Denizli bölgesi de yöresel giysileri açısından zengin bir
kataloğa sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Denizli ilimizin Acıpayam, Buldan, Çivril
ve Serinhisar ilçelerine ait geleneksel kadın giysilerinin süsleme, renk,
kumaş, ve model özelliklerini inceleyerek bu kıyafetler üzerinden yeni modeller
tasarlayarak çağdaşlaştırma yapmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, Denizli yöresinde giyilen
geleneksel kadın kıyafetlerinin yöresel farklılıkları ve çeşitlilikleri ortaya
konulmuş ve günümüz malzemeleri kullanılarak yöresel kıyafetler üzerinde çağdaşlaştırma
çalışmaları yapılmıştır.
Dioritisation, granitisation et métamorphisme dans les Vosges cristallines du Nord. III. - La haute vallée de la Bruche
Authors: von Eller Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2018

Диоритизация , гранитизация и метаморфизм в северных кристаллических Вогезах. Ш. Верхняя долина Брюши (La Bruche)
Исследованные породы образуют западное продолжение тех пород, которые были уже описаны и изучены в двух предыдущих работах (1964 и 1965) . Геологическая карта была кратко комментирована, кроме того петрографическое и химическое иссле дованние показывает очевидность чередования вулканических пород или де¬ вонских вулкано-осадочных пород с гранитами, с гранитами содержащими диоритовые включения и диоритами. Вопросы гранитизации иллюстрированы примерами и в за¬ ключение излагается развитие наших познаний истории массива Шам-дю-Фёю (Champ-du-Feu).
Compléments de pétrographie et analyse isotopique rubidium-strontium des gneiss granulitiques de Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (Vosges). Mise en évidence et datation de deux épisodes de métamorphisme
Authors: Bonhomme Michel , Fluck Pierre 
Published: June 2018

Дополнительные данные по петрографии и изотопныи анализ рубидии-стронцевым методом гранулитовых гнейсов сент-мари-о-мин (вогезы) выявление и определение возраста двух эпох метаморфизма.
Литостратлграфическое положение гранулитов, боковая разновидность вулканического характера нижней части гранатовых гнейсов — выяснено. В группе гранатовых гнейсов появление характерных минералов верхней мезозоны, часто сопровождаемые бластомилонитизацией, отражает влияние регрессивного метаморфизма. Две изохроны, полученнвые на валовых пробах пород рубидий-стронцевым методом, соответствуют, одна — для пород лишенных минеральных изменений — катазональному метаморфизму с возрастом 509 ± 15 мил. лет, таким образом установленным, другая, мезозональному метаморфизму возраста в 407 ± 67 мил. лет. Эти результаты обсуждаются в заключении.
Etudes palynologiques de sédiments terrigènes et pélagiques du Trias moyen des Dolomites italiennes. Relations avec le paléoenvironnement
Authors: Cros Pierre , Doubinger Jeanne 
Published: June 2018

L'étude palynologique qualitative et quantitative précise de 1 1 échantillons fossilifères de marnes tuffitiques et de sédiments hémipélagiques du Ladinien supérieur a été replacée dans le cadre de l'évolution paléogéographique du bassin ladinien des Dolomites.
En effet, aux faciès carbonatés de bassin pélagique et de tuffites acides de la formation de Livinallongo (Ladinien inférieur) succèdent les faciès hémipélagiques ou terrigènes et tuffitiques (membre de Zoppe) de la formation d'Aquatona.
Les faciès terrigènes grossiers ont permis de reconstituer la paléogéographie des apports détritiques. Ils sont issus principalement de terres émergées formées de roches sédimentaires et volcaniques triasiques et de roches du socle des Dolomites. Par comparaison avec les travaux les plus récents sur les microflores du Trias alpin, la composition spécifique et les associations très variées de formes observées confirment l'attribution au Ladinien supérieur de l'ensemble des échantillons.
La comparaison des échantillons de tuffites des Alpes carniques orientales (région de Tarvisio, Italie) avec ceux des Dolomites permet d'attribuer un âge Ladinien supérieur aux tuffites acides affleurant sous les ignimbrites de Rio Freddo dans la localité type, plutôt qu' Anisien supérieur ou Ladinien inférieur. Ceci permet d'établir de nouvelles relations paléogéographiques entre les tuffites acides du bassin pélagique des Dolomites et des Alpes carniques occidentales et les séries pyroclastiques déposées en milieu continental, littoral s. I. et néritique ou hémipélagique des Alpes carniques orientales.
L'étude des rapports palynologiques, significatifs des conditions de transport terrigène ou éolien et d'influence marine franche, montre qu'ils évoluent de façon ordonnée en fonction de la distance à la source d'apport terrigène méridionale et de la dynamique de transport et de dépôt. La présence du paléorelief carbonaté anisien du Piz del Corvo qui accidente le bassin ladinien paraît le second facteur paléogéographique responsable des variations palynologiques observées. Le rôle des paléoreliefs sur la dynamique de transport terrigène et sur le développement local d'associations végétales subaériennes paraît confirmer l'importance d'îles émergées dans la compréhension des séries du Trias alpin méridional.
Minéralogie des sédiments du groupe Peninj (lac Natron, Tanzanie). Reconstitution des paléoenvironnements lacustres. Mineralogical records of the Peninj Group (Lake Natron, Tanzania). Lacustrine paleoenvironment implications
Authors: Icole Michel , Taieb Maurice , Périnet Guy , Manega Paul , Robert Christian 
Published: June 2018

Sedimentary units of the Peninj Group located at the western edge of Lake Natron (Tanzania) include the Humbu and the Moinik formations. Their age is between approximately 1.6 and 1.0 Ma.
The Humbu Formation is consisting of lacustrine deposits with gastropods, ostracods and fishes as well as a deltaic unit which contains a mammalian fauna notably the Australopithecus robustus. The lithofacies, especially limestone and dolostone beds, the pedological features as clay skins, reddened materials, root casts, etc. are emphasized. The mineral investigations reveal clay minerals abundance (illites, smectites and mixed layers) and the presence of analcime associated with detrital elements (quartz, muscovite, etc.).
The Moinik Formation is a laminated or thin bedded unit of fine and well sorted material. The lime and dolomite make up thin and discontinuous layers. Erionite and some other alkaline zeolites like phillipsite and clinoptilolite dominate the mineral assemblages in which siliceous deposits appear as chert. Analcime and phyllosilicates are subordinate.
All these studies lead to the conclusion that the Humbu Formation corresponds to lacustrine fresh-water deposits interrupted by pedological processes and that the Moinik Formation is related to a stratified alkaline lake.
Variations de la perméabilité de réservoirs gréseux soumis à percolation de solutions salines. Essais conduits sur grès meubles. Variation of the permeability of unconsolidated sandstone subjected to percolation with salt solutions
Authors: Baudracco Joseph , Tardy Yves 
Published: June 2018

L'exploitation des puits de pétrole ou géothermiques montre presque toujours une diminution des débits avec le temps. Les variations de perméabilité sont contrôlées par de nombreux facteurs parmi lesquels on reconnaît le degré de cohésion du grès, la quantité et la nature des argiles, leur degré de dispersion, la température et la salure des solutions.
Des échantillons meubles d'un grès du Nord de l'Irlande ont été soumis à percolation de solutions salines à différentes températures. Durant la percolation, les variations du coefficient de perméabilité ont été mesurées. II apparaît que : (i) la perméabilité diminue en fonction du temps quelle que soient la nature des cations et la concentration des solutions, (ii) L'effet de la température est net et dépend de la force ionique. Pour une force ionique faible (I = 0,0 1 ), le coefficient de perméabilité diminue lorsque la température augmente. En revanche, pour une force ionique élevée (I = 2), le coefficient de perméabilité croît avec la température, (iii) La percolation s'accompagne d'un entraînement de fines particules minérales et de gels silico-ferriques d'autant plus important que la température est plus faible, (iv) La perméabilité diminue lorsque la concentration des solutions augmente, (v) Enfin, la perméabilité dépend de la nature du sel en solution.
Ces variations sont expliquées par les phénomènes de floculation et de défloculation des argiles dans le milieu poreux, liés aux variations d'épaisseur de la double couche ionique des argiles.
Analyse de la forme. / Shape analysis
Authors: Chermant Jean-Louis , Coster Michel 
Published: June 2018

Shape analysis
A first part is devoted to the experimental conditions of the analysis. It describes the origin of statistical pictures and states the limits in applying image analysis to shapes determination.
A second part is devoted to the shape determination by individual analysis. After a presentation of the descriptors of connex objects (topological and metric descriptors, geodesy), the arrangement of points in an object is studied. The distribution is characterized by the moments ; the distance function and the geodesic propagation function are defined, the granulometric transform by openings and closings is introduced. Next, the arrangement of the points associated to an object boundary is presented : either using the morphological transforms (Mandelbrot-Richardson and Minkowski methods) or the transforms involving a change in space (Fourier analysis, Walsh analysis, Hough transform). Shape descriptors are proposed that do not depend on the observation scale (constant through an homothetic transformation) then different shape factors are defined. The granulometric method allows to define a shape-based sorting, using two size-based sortings. The silhouette and the roughness interest is pointed out. Finally a method of shape analysis in the local case is proposed by combining two granulometric sortings : the first based on a thickness criterion, the other based on the skeleton length.
A last part deals with the shape analysis of digital pictures. It mentions the problems arising from the fact that the picture is rendered discrete and it defines the concepts of distance, hull and skeleton in the discrete two-dimentionnal space.
Modeling Nearly Spherical Pure-bulge Galaxies with a Stellar Mass-to-light Ratio Gradient under the ΛCDM and MOND Paradigms. I. Methodology, Dynamical Stellar Mass, and Fundamental Mass Plane
Authors: Chae Kyu-Hyun , Bernardi Mariangela , Sheth Ravi K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We carry out spherical Jeans modeling of nearly round pure-bulge galaxies selected from the ATLAS3D sample. Our modeling allows for gradients in the stellar mass-to-light ratio (M
⋆/L) through analytic prescriptions parameterized with a “gradient strength” K introduced to accommodate any viable gradient. We use a generalized Osipkov–Merritt model for the velocity dispersion (VD) anisotropy. We produce Monte Carlo sets of models based on the stellar VD profiles under both the ΛCDM and MOND paradigms. Here, we describe the galaxy data, the empirical inputs, and the modeling procedures of obtaining the Monte Carlo sets. We then present the projected dynamical stellar mass,

, within the effective radius R
e, and the fundamental mass plane (FMP) as a function of K. We find the scaling of the K-dependent mass with respect to the ATLAS3D reported mass as:

with a′ = −0.019 ± 0.012 and b′ = −0.18 ± 0.02 (ΛCDM), or a′ = −0.023 ± 0.014 and b′ = −0.23 ± 0.03 (MOND), for 0 ≤ K < 1.5. The FMP has coefficients consistent with the virial expectation and only the zero-point scales with K. The median value of K for the ATLAS3D galaxies is

. We perform a similar analysis of the much larger SDSS DR7 spectroscopic sample. In this case, only the VD within a single aperture is available, so we impose the additional requirement that the VD slope be similar to that in the ATLAS3D galaxies. Our analysis of the SDSS galaxies suggests a positive correlation of K with stellar mass.
Twisting/Swirling Motions during a Prominence Eruption as Seen from SDO/AIA
Authors: Pant V. , Datta A. , Banerjee D. , Chandrashekhar K. , Ray S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A quiescent prominence was observed at the northwest limb of the Sun using different channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We report and analyze twisting/swirling motions during and after the prominence eruption. We segregate the observed rotational motions into small and large scales. Small-scale rotational motions manifest in the barbs of the prominence, while the large-scale rotation manifests as the roll motion during the prominence eruption. We noticed that both footpoints of the prominence rotate in the counterclockwise direction. We propose that a similar sense of rotation in both footpoints leads to a prominence eruption. The prominence erupted asymmetrically near the southern footpoint, which may be due to an uneven mass distribution and location of the cavity near the southern footpoint. Furthermore, we study the swirling motion of the plasma along different circular paths in the cavity of the prominence after the prominence eruption. The rotational velocities of the plasma moving along different circular paths are estimated to be ∼9–40 km s−1. These swirling motions can be explained in terms of twisted magnetic field lines in the prominence cavity. Finally we observe the twist built up in the prominence, being carried away by the coronal mass ejection, as seen in the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory.
Using Deep Learning in Collection Management to Reduce the Taxonomist’s Workload
Authors: Schermer Maarten , Hogeweg Laurens , Caspers Max 
Published: June 2018

The completeness and quality of the information in natural history museum collections is essential to support its use, such as in collection management. Currently, the accuracy of the taxonomic information largely depends on expert provided metadata, such as species identification. At present an increase in the use of digitization techniques coincides with a dwindling of the number of taxonomic specialists, creating a growing backlog in specimen identifications.
We are investigating the role of artificial intelligence for automatic species identification in supporting collection management. When identifying collection specimens, common species are predominantly present, taking up a large amount of the expert’s time, who has to deal with a relatively easy, repetitive task. Therefore, one of our aims is to use human expertise where it is most needed, for complex tasks, and use properly validated computational methods for repetitive, less difficult identifications. To this end, we demonstrate the use of automatic species identification in digitization workflows, using deep learning based image recognition.
We investigated potential gains in the identification process of a large digitization project of papered Lepidoptera (&gt;500,000 specimens). In this ongoing project, volunteers unpack, register and photograph the unmounted butterflies and repack them sustainably, still unmounted. Using only the individual images made by volunteers, taxonomic experts identify the specimens. Considering that the speed of digitization currently exceeds that of identification, a growing backlog of yet-to-be-identified specimens has formed, limiting the speed of publication of this biodiversity information. The test case for image recognition concerns specimens of the families Papilionidae and Lycaenidae, mostly collected in Indonesia.
By allowing the volunteers to provide an automatically generated identification with each image, we enable the taxonomic specialists to quickly validate the more easily identifiable specimens. This reduces their workload, allows them to focus on the more demanding specimens and increases the rate of specimen identification. We demonstrate how to combine computer and human decisions to ensure both high data quality standards and reduction of expert time.
Life on the Wellington Fault: Managing Geological Collections and Earthquake Risk
Authors: Strong Delia , Terezow Marianna 
Published: June 2018

GNS Science is home to New Zealand’s national rock, mineral and fossil collections. The National Petrology Reference Collection (NPRC) is a ‘nationally significant’ collection of rocks and minerals from on- and off-shore New Zealand, Antarctica and the rest of the world. The National Paleontological Collection (NPC) is another nationally significant collection; of fossil material from New Zealand, the South West Pacific region and Antarctica, with some overseas additions. Their status as nationally significant collections mean that GNS Science is contracted by the New Zealand Government to provide long-term collection management. Collectively, the NPC and NPRC constitute more than 200,000 samples, dating from the earliest days of New Zealand geology exploration in the late 1800s. The collections continue to grow by hundreds to thousands of samples per year, and are loaned nationally and internationally for scientific research. They are by far the largest collections of fossils, rocks and minerals housed in New Zealand, and are important earth science archives for the entire Zealandian Southern Ocean region.
The collections are housed on-site at GNS Science in Lower Hutt, a few hundred meters from the surface trace of the Wellington Fault and within striking distance of other active faults that could generate major earthquakes. Best estimates suggest that the Wellington Region has an average return time of about 150 years for very strong or extreme ground shaking. Such proximity to this significant, active hazard means that steps must be taken to ensure the long-term security and integrity of the collections in the event of earthquake shaking, as well as other natural and non-natural disasters. To that end, the collection managers have written and implemented disaster mitigation, preparedness and recovery plans for the National Petrology Reference Collection and National Paleontological Collection. Here we define the earthquake hazard posed by the Wellington Fault, assess the risk to the collections, and present steps taken to manage that risk.
Thin Arctic sea ice in L-band observations and an ocean reanalysis
Authors: Tietsche Steffen , Alonso-Balmaseda Magdalena , Rosnay Patricia , Zuo Hao , Tian-Kunze Xiangshan , Kaleschke Lars 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. L-band radiance measurements of the Earth's surface such as those from the
SMOS satellite can be used to retrieve the thickness of thin sea ice in the
range 0–1 m under cold surface conditions. However, retrieval uncertainties
can be large due to assumptions in the forward model, which converts
brightness temperatures into ice thickness and due to uncertainties in
auxiliary fields which need to be independently modelled or observed. It is
therefore advisable to perform a critical assessment with independent
observational and model data before using sea-ice thickness products from
L-band radiometry for model validation or data assimilation. Here, we discuss
version 3.1 of the University of Hamburg SMOS sea-ice thickness data set
(SMOS-SIT) from autumn 2011 to autumn 2017 and compare it to the global ocean
reanalysis ORAS5, which does not assimilate the SMOS-SIT data. ORAS5
currently provides the ocean and sea-ice initial conditions for all coupled
weather, monthly and seasonal forecasts issued by ECMWF. It is concluded that
SMOS-SIT provides valuable and unique information on thin sea ice during
winter and can under certain conditions be used to expose deficiencies in the
reanalysis. Overall, there is a promising match between sea-ice thicknesses
from ORAS5 and SMOS-SIT early in the freezing season (October–December),
while later in winter, sea ice is consistently modelled thicker than
observed. This is mostly attributable to refrozen polynyas and fracture
zones, which are poorly represented in ORAS5 but easily detected by SMOS-SIT.
However, there are other regions like Baffin Bay, where biases in the
observational data seem to be substantial, as comparisons with independent
observational data suggest. Despite considerable uncertainties and
discrepancies between thin sea ice in SMOS-SIT and ORAS5 on local scales,
interannual variability and trends of its large-scale distribution are in
good agreement. This gives some confidence in our current ability to monitor
climate variability and change in thin sea ice. With further improvements in
retrieval methods, forecast models and data assimilation methods, the huge
potential of L-band radiometry to derive the thickness of thin sea ice in
winter will be realised and will provide an important building block for
improved predictions in polar regions.