bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single‐center, pilot study evaluating a novel TriHex peptide‐ and botanical‐containing eye treatment compared to baseline
Authors: Reivitis Alex , Karimi Kian , Griffiths Chester , Banayan Ashley 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundTopical treatments containing tripeptide and hexapeptide (TriHex technology) have been proven to contribute to youthful skin by clearing the extracellular matrix and stimulating collagen and elastin production.ObjectiveEvaluate the efficacy of a novel eye treatment containing TriHex peptides and other synergistic ingredients for the daily treatment of fine lines/crow's feet around the eyes, under eye hollowing, under eye bags, and dark circles.Patients/MethodsIn this study, 10 subjects (9 female and 1 male) aged 30‐60 of Fitzpatrick skin type I, II, or III were selected to use an eye treatment containing TriHex peptides and active botanicals (Alastin Restorative Eye Treatment with TriHex Technology™, ALASTIN Skincare, Inc., Carlsbad, CA) twice daily for 12 weeks. Subjects were photographed and evaluated at baseline, week 4, week 8, and week 12 by a board‐certified facial plastic surgeon. Using an adjusted Griffiths scale (0 = none, best possible condition and 9 = severe, worst possible condition), subjects were evaluated on severity of fine lines/crow's feet, under eye hollowing, under eye bags, and dark circles at each visit. Subjects completed a “Subject Questionnaire” at week 4, week 8, and week 12 pertaining to the subject's observations and perceived improvement of these measures.ResultsBased on the investigator's assessments, overall improvement in periocular skin was noted for all 10 subjects. Over the course of 12 weeks, raw scores significantly decreased indicating reduction of lines/crow's feet (41% improvement), under eye hollowing (29% improvement), under eye bags (48% improvement), and dark circles (39% improvement). Based on the “Subject Questionnaire,” all subjects noted overall improvement of the appearance of skin around the eyes.ConclusionBased on the findings of this study, this eye treatment containing TriHex peptides and active botanicals is an effective stand‐alone treatment for the rejuvenation of periocular skin. When used twice daily, this product can reduce the appearance of lines/crow's feet, under eye hollowing, under eye bags, and dark circles.
Efficacy and safety of retinaldehyde 0.1% and 0.05% creams used to treat photoaged skin: A randomized double‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Kwon Hyuck Sun , Lee Ji Hae , Kim Gyong Moon , Bae Jung Min 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundAlthough topical retinoic acid effectively restores photoaged skin, the associated irritation limits the utility of the material. Retinaldehyde (RAL) is the natural precursor of retinoic acid and can also be used to treat photoaged skin; the safety profile is good.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of new anti‐aging creams containing RAL at 0.1% and 0.05% used to treat photoaged skin.Patients and methodsWe enrolled 40 female Korean volunteers who applied RAL 0.1% or RAL 0.05% creams twice daily for 3 months. Wrinkles on, and the textures of, both crow's feet were quantitatively assessed using the Antera 3D® system. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, the melanin index, and skin brightness were also evaluated. Overall improvement was assessed using a five‐point scale by both the patients and the dermatologists.ResultsThe 3‐month application improved overall photoaging in both RAL 0.1% (95%) and RAL 0.05% groups (95%). Both RAL 0.1% and RAL 0.05% afforded significant textural improvements (13.7% and 12.6%, respectively), reduced the TEWL (14.5%, 17.9%), and increased hydration (10.2%, 6.0%); however, no statistical differences were observed between two groups. Only RAL 0.1% significantly improved the melanin index (by 6.5%).ConclusionsBoth RAL 0.1% and RAL 0.05% creams were well tolerated and improved skin hydration and texture. However, only RAL 0.1% cream improved the melanin index.
Hyponatremia and activation of vasopressin secretion are both independently associated with 30‐day mortality: results of a multicenter, observational study
Authors: Eckart A. , Hausfater P. , Amin D. , Amin A. , Haubitz S. , Bernard M. , Baumgartner A. , Struja T. , Kutz A. , Christ‐Crain M. , Huber A. , Mueller B. , Schuetz P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundHyponatremia is a common feature of acute illness and associated with increased mortality. This may be explained by a stress‐mediated activation of the vasopressin system with an increase in free‐water reabsorption.ObjectivesTo investigate whether the association between hyponatremia and mortality could be explained by activation of the vasopressin system.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled adult, medical patients seeking emergency care in three centres in Switzerland, France and the United States. We investigated associations between admission plasma sodium and copeptin, a stable portion of the vasopressin‐precursor peptide, with 30‐day mortality. We performed uni‐ and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsOf 6962 included patients, 18% had hyponatremia (sodium ≤135 mmol L−1), which doubled their risk for mortality compared to patients with normonatremia (8.3% vs. 3.8%). This association was confirmed in a multivariate‐adjusted logistic regression analysis [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.47, 95% CI 1.12–1.93, P = 0.005]. Vasopressin levels, mirrored by copeptin, were also increased in nonsurvivors and strongly associated with mortality (adjusted OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.76–4.25, P < 0.001). The association between hyponatremia and mortality remained unchanged when adding copeptin levels to the regression model (fully adjusted OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.16–2.00, P = 0.002).ConclusionThis prospective study including medical patients upon emergency room admission found hyponatremia as well as an activation of the vasopressin system to be independently associated with mortality. This suggests that stress‐ and vasopressin‐independent mechanisms are responsible for the association of low sodium levels with mortality.
An Ecosystem‐Level Process Model of Business Model Disruption: The Disruptor's Gambit
Authors: Snihur Yuliya , Thomas Llewellyn D. W. , Burgelman Robert A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBased on a longitudinal case study, this paper presents an ecosystem‐level process model of the interlocking key activities of the business model disruptor, other ecosystem participants (customers, partners, media, analysts), and the incumbent. Together these constitute a strategic process of ecosystem evolution from incumbent‐centred to disruptor‐centred. We identify the phenomenon of a ‘disruptor's gambit’, where the disruptor reveals its intentions early on through effective framing, followed by rapid adaptation of its business model to satisfy ecosystem needs. These processes generate a virtuous framing‐adaptation cycle, where feed‐forward and feedback enable rapid response to customers and partners, while engaging them as force multipliers during new ecosystem creation. Our findings suggest that framing constitutes a dynamic strategic process enabling disruptors to reduce uncertainty, dislodge powerful incumbents, and shape new ecosystems through business model innovation.
Relationship between arthroscopic findings of synovitis and levels of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha and matrix metalloproteinases in synovial lavage fluid from patients with unilateral high mandibular condyle fractures
Authors: Nogami S. , Takahashi T. , Yamauchi K. , Takeda Y. , Ito K. , Chiba M. , Gaggl A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryArthrocentesis has an effect of washing out inflammatory products that accumulate in the joint compartment of a dysfunctional temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The procedure removes inflammatory cytokines, which are pain‐causing substances, for early reduction of TMJ pain and quick recovery of jaw function, thus increasing the possibility of a successful rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between arthroscopy synovitis grade in patients with unilateral high condylar fractures and concentrations of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha as well as of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in washed‐out synovial fluid (SF) samples obtained from those patients. A total of 26 patients with unilateral high condylar fractures who underwent arthrocentesis for a therapeutic purpose were examined. SF samples were collected before performing arthroscopy to determine synovitis grade. The detection rates and concentrations of TNF‐alpha and MMPs were determined, and their association with synovitis grade was analysed. TNF‐alpha was detected in 23 and MMP‐3 in 22 of the TMJs. There was a correlation between synovitis grade and concentration of TNF‐alpha in the fracture group. Furthermore, the concentrations of TNF‐alpha and MMP‐3 were significantly higher as compared to the control group, comprised of TMJs on the non‐fracture side of the same patients, while a correlation was also noted between TNF‐alpha concentration and synovitis grade in the fracture group. The present findings may provide a biological/biochemical rationale for arthrocentesis as a reasonable treatment modality for high condylar fractures.
Differences in the oral health status and oral hygiene practices according to the extent of post‐stroke sequelae
Authors: Kim H. T. , Park J. B. , Lee W. C. , Kim Y. J. , Lee Y. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryOral health and hygiene are crucial parameters in stroke patients. However, few studies have evaluated the oral health status and oral hygiene practices according to the level of function in stroke patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status and oral hygiene practices according to ambulation and personal hygiene levels in patients with stroke. Data from the fifth (2010‐2012) and sixth (2013‐2015) editions of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for 6 years were combined. A total of 700 stroke patients were enrolled in our study. Subjective oral health was significantly poorer in patients who experienced a moderate problem with walking (adjusted OR [AOR], 1.68; 95% CI, 1.21‐2.33) and bed‐bound patients (AOR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.01‐8.44) than in patients who could walk without difficulty. Patients who were unable to bathe or dress independently exhibited a significantly higher risk of dental caries than did those who could perform the same activities unassisted. The probability of brushing teeth ≥2 times daily was 69% lower in bed‐bound patients (AOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11‐0.87) than in patients who could walk without difficulty and 76% lower in patients who were unable to bathe or dress independently (AOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.62) than in those who could perform the same activities without difficulty. There were differences in oral health status and oral hygiene practices, according to ambulation level and functional independence, in the stroke patient group. These results indicate the need for oral care for stroke patients who exhibit ambulatory and functional limitations.
Efficacy of epinephrine‐free articaine compared to articaine with epinephrine (1:100 000) for maxillary infiltration, a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Paterakis K. , Schmitter M. , Said Yekta‐Michael S. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe selection of local anaesthetic in dental practice is essential to the patient′s comfort and the success of the treatment. Many patients prefer anaesthesia even for short treatments. Articaine is a local anaesthetic commonly used for dental practice. The duration of the effect of articaine on the nerve fibres is not yet precisely reported. This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 4% articaine with and without epinephrine in treatment of occlusal caries. Thirty healthy patients were included in this randomised double‐blind study. Each subject received 4% articaine with and without epinephrine (1:100 000). Maxillary infiltration was used for occlusal caries of the maxillary premolars on right and left sides. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) was performed in the innervation area of the infraorbital nerve, and pulp vitality test was performed on restoration‐free canines. Duration of anaesthesia was longer when articaine with epinephrine was used. Articaine without epinephrine showed faster recovery of sensory blockade compared to articaine with epinephrine. The epinephrine‐containing agent, when compared to the plain articaine solution, showed significantly stronger and longer anaesthetic efficacy on the soft tissue by all parameters of QST. Articaine with epinephrine caused a more reliable pulpal analgesia. A pain‐free treatment of the soft tissue up to 15 minutes can be performed under the vasoconstrictor‐free anaesthetic without causing long‐lasting numbness. Epinephrine‐containing articaine delivers a longer, more effective anaesthesia and is preferable for caries treatments and longer invasive treatments of the soft tissue.
A Validation Study of the Impression Replica Technique
Authors: Segerström Sofia , Wiking‐Lima de Faria Johanna , Braian Michael , Ameri Arman , Ahlgren Camilla 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeTo validate the well‐known and often‐used impression replica technique for measuring fit between a preparation and a crown in vitro.Materials and MethodsThe validation consisted of three steps. First, a measuring instrument was validated to elucidate its accuracy. Second, a specimen consisting of male and female counterparts was created and validated by the measuring instrument. Calculations were made for the exact values of three gaps between the male and female. Finally, impression replicas were produced of the specimen gaps and sectioned into four pieces. The replicas were then measured with the use of a light microscope. The values received from measuring the specimen were then compared with the values received from the impression replicas, and the technique was thereby validated.ResultsThe impression replica technique overvalued all measured gaps. Depending on location of the three measuring sites, the difference between the specimen and the impression replicas varied from 47 to 130 μm.ConclusionThe impression replica technique overestimates gaps within the range of 2% to 11%. The validation of the replica technique enables the method to be used as a reference when testing other methods for evaluating fit in dentistry.
Do psychopathic birds of a feather flock together? Psychopathic personality traits and romantic preferences
Authors: Watts Ashley L. , Rohr Jessica C. , McCauley Katherine L. , Smith Sarah Francis , Howe Kristin Landfield , Lilienfeld Scott O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of the present studies was to investigate whether people are especially attracted to psychopathic traits, and whether there are individual differences in such attraction.MethodFemale undergraduates (N = 270; Mage = 19; 57% White, 20% Asian, 8% Black) and female and male community members (N = 426; Mage = 37; 56% female; 81% Caucasian, 10% African American, 4% Asian) reported on their own personality and constructed their ideal mate for a dating, short‐term, and long‐term relationship from a list of 70 characteristics drawn from well‐validated criteria for psychopathic personality and diagnostic criteria for DSM‐5 personality disorders (PDs).ResultsAcross both studies, absolute romantic preferences for psychopathic traits collapsed across time point were low on average, but higher than those for most all other PDs. In addition, they were higher for Factor 1 (i.e., interpersonal/affective) as opposed to Factor 2 (i.e., impulsive, antisocial) psychopathy traits. Participants with marked PD features, including Factor 2 psychopathy traits, were more inclined than others to endorse a preference for psychopathic males.ConclusionsRelative attraction to psychopathic males and observed homophily may be avenues through which psychopathic traits persist in the population across time.
Understanding perceptions and beliefs about different types of fermented milks through the application of projective techniques: A case study using Haire's shopping list and free word association
Authors: Pinto Letícia de Paula F. , Silva Hugo L. A. , Kuriya Shigeno P. , Maçaira Paula M. , Cyrino Oliveira Fernando L. , Cruz Adriano G. , Esmerino Erick A. , Freitas Mônica Q. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe food industry has been exploring the fermented milk due to its technological and functional potential, creating different formulations and fulfilling the recent market demands. In this context, evaluate the consumers' behavior and perception through qualitative approaches helps to identify the factors that may impact the consumption and purchase of those dairy products, guaranteeing a commercial advantage in a highly competitive market. This study aimed to evaluate the perception and to elucidate the buyers' profile of different types of fermented milk through two projective techniques—Word Association (WA) and Haire's Shopping List (SL), respectively. In addition, their willingness to buy was also investigated. The tasks were completed through online quizzes by groups of respondents within a sample of 550 participants, shared between WA (100) and SL (450). The results showed that the participants considering the consumers of all varieties of fermented milk were consciousness regarding their food, which evidence the products' positive reputation for health. Moreover, these dairy products could also be considered as foods with striking sensory characteristics and remarkable marketing strategies. Additionally, the formulations light and lactose free presented lower purchase intent when compared to the other types, possibly for being associated to low sensory quality conditions and consumers' health restrictions, respectively.Practical applicationsThe projective techniques showed themselves as useful to comprehend the perceptions and beliefs about food products and can be applied in steps, such as development of new products, reformulation, and in marketing strategies.
Muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists: current scenario in Alzheimer's disease therapy
Authors: Verma Stuti , Kumar Ashwini , Tripathi Timir , Kumar Awanish 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become the primary cause of dementia. It shows a progressive cognitive dysfunction with degenerating neurons. Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) propagate the cognitive ability and it consists of two primary members namely muscarinic (mAChRs) and nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). Where mAChRs is G-protein coupled receptor, (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels. The conventional therapeutic regimen for AD consists of three acetylcholinestearse inhibitors while a single NMDA receptor antagonist. Researchers around the globe are developing new and modifying the existing AChRs agonists to develop lead candidates with lower risk to benefit ratio where benefits clearly outweigh the adverse events.

Key findings
We have searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Google scholar, Science Direct and, Web of Science with keywords “Muscarinic/Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, agonists and, AD”. The literature search included articles written in English. Scientific relevance for clinical studies, basic science studies is eligibility criteria for articles referred in this paper. M1 is the primary muscarinic subtype while α7 is the primary nAChR subtype that is responsible for cognition and memory and these two have been the major recent experimental targets for mAChR agonist strategy.

Summary
The last cholinergic receptor agonist to enter phase 3 trial was EVP-6124 (Enceniclin) but was withdrawn due to severe gastrointestinal adverse effects. We aim to present an overview of the efforts and achievements in targeting Muscarinic and Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the current review for development of better AD therapeutics.
Determining optimal therapy of dogs with chronic enteropathy by measurement of serum citrulline
Authors: Gerou‐Ferriani Magda , Allen Rhiannon , Noble Peter‐John M. , German Alexander J. , Caldin Marco , Batchelor Daniel J. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundSerum concentration of citrulline is a useful biomarker in human intestinal disease and indicates globally reduced enterocyte mass and absorptive function in various disease states.ObjectivesTo determine whether serum citrulline concentration is a biomarker in chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs, to provide useful information regarding optimal treatment or to predict outcome.AnimalsSeventy‐four dogs with CE and 83 breed‐ and age‐matched hospital controls with no clinical signs of intestinal disease.MethodsRetrospective study. Outcome was determined and dogs were categorized by response to treatment as having food‐responsive enteropathy (FRE), antibiotic‐responsive diarrhea (ARD), or idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Disease severity was quantified by the CIBDAI scoring index.ResultsSerum citrulline concentration did not differ between dogs with CE (median, 8.4 µg/mL, 5th‐95th percentile 2.0‐19.6) and controls (median, 8.1 µg/mL, 5th‐95th percentile 2.2‐19.7, P = .91). Serum citrulline concentration was similar between dogs with FRE (median, 9.1 µg/mL, 5th‐95th percentile 2.0‐18.9), ARD (median, 13.0 µg/mL, 5th‐95th percentile 1.6‐19.2), IBD (median, 8.4 µg/mL, 5th‐95th percentile 2.1‐21.0; P = .91). Serum citrulline did not correlate to CIBDAI or to serum albumin concentration.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn our study, serum citrulline concentration was not associated with efficacy of treatment or outcome in dogs with CE.
Costs of thermoregulation in variable thermal environments in the jacky dragon (Amphibolurus muricatus)
Authors: Schwanz L. E. , Hodgson M. J. , May A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThermoregulatory behaviour provides one of the main mechanisms by which animals compensate for fluctuations in environmental temperatures to maintain body temperatures within physiological optima. Thus, strategies of thermoregulation are predicted to be related to variation in environmental temperatures. We tested with jacky dragons (Amphibolurus muricatus) the prediction that the accuracy and effectiveness of thermoregulation would decrease as the costs of thermoregulation increase using experimental arenas to manipulate environmental temperature fluctuation. The results supported theoretical predictions on the costs of thermoregulation – environments that were fluctuating led to decreased accuracy of thermoregulation (increased deviations in body temperatures from preferred temperatures) and reduced thermoregulatory effort (effectiveness). Moreover, environments with a mean temperature farther from the preferred temperature also led to greater deviations in body temperature, although this had no significant effect on effectiveness of thermoregulation. Together, the results highlight the need to understand what influences the costs of thermoregulation (i.e. thermal variation and mean), and how great of costs will be accepted for the benefits associated with thermoregulation.