bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TM4SF5-mediated CD44v8-10 splicing variant promotes survival of type II alveolar epithelial cells during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kim Ji Eon , Kim Hye-Jin , Jung Jae Woo , Song Dae-Geun , Park Dasomi , Lee Haesong , Um Hyejin , Park Jinsoo , Nam Seo Hee , Cho Moonjae , Lee Jung Weon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate cell fate, although signaling molecules that regulate ROS hormesis remain unclear. Here we show that transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) in lung epithelial cells induced the alternatively spliced CD44v8-10 variant via an inverse ZEB2/epithelial splicing regulatory proteins (ESRPs) linkage. TM4SF5 formed complexes with the cystine/glutamate antiporter system via TM4SF5- and CD44v8-10-dependent CD98hc plasma-membrane enrichment. Dynamic TM4SF5 binding to CD98hc required CD44v8-10 under ROS-generating inflammatory conditions. TM4SF5 and CD44v8-10 upregulated cystine/glutamate antiporter activity and intracellular glutathione levels, leading to ROS modulation for cell survival. Tm4sf5-null mice exhibited attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis with lower CD44v8-10 and ESRPs levels than wild-type mice. Primary mouse alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) revealed type II AECs (AECII), but not type I, to adapt the TM4SF5-mediated characteristics, suggesting TM4SF5-mediated AECII survival following AECI injury during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Thus, the TM4SF5-mediated CD44v8-10 splice variant could be targeted against IPF.
Direct neuronal reprogramming of olfactory ensheathing cells for CNS repair
Authors: Sun Xiu , Tan Zijian , Huang Xiao , Cheng Xueyan , Yuan Yimin , Qin Shangyao , Wang Dan , Hu Xin , Gu Yakun , Qian Wen-Jing , Wang Zhongfeng , He Cheng , Su Zhida 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDirect conversion of readily available non-neural cells from patients into induced neurons holds great promise for neurological disease modeling and cell-based therapy. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a unique population of glia in olfactory nervous system. Based on the regeneration-promoting properties and the relative clinical accessibility, OECs are attracting increasing attention from neuroscientists as potential therapeutic agents for use in neural repair. Here, we report that OECs can be directly, rapidly and efficiently reprogrammed into neuronal cells by the single transcription factor Neurogenin 2 (NGN2). These induced cells exhibit typical neuronal morphologies, express multiple neuron-specific markers, produce action potentials, and form functional synapses. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis shows that the transcriptome profile of OECs is effectively reprogrammed towards that of neuronal lineage. Importantly, these OEC-derived induced neurons survive and mature after transplantation into adult mouse spinal cords. Taken together, our study provides a direct and efficient strategy to quickly obtain neuronal cells from adult OECs, suggestive of promising potential for personalized disease modeling and cell replacement-mediated therapeutic approaches to neurological disorders.
The fine-tuning of endoplasmic reticulum stress response and autophagy activation during trophoblast syncytialization
Authors: Bastida-Ruiz Daniel , Yart Lucile , Wuillemin Christine , Ribaux Pascale , Morris Nolwenn , Epiney Manuella , Martinez de Tejada Begoña , Cohen Marie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe syncytiotrophoblast (STB) is a multinuclear layer forming the outer surface of the fetal part of the placenta deriving from villous cytotrophoblastic cell (vCTB) fusion and differentiation. This syncytialization process is characterized by morphological and biochemical alterations of the trophoblast, which probably require removal of pre-existing structures and proteins to maintain cell homeostasis and survival. Interestingly, autophagy, which allows degradation and recycling of cellular components, was shown to be activated in syncytiotrophoblast. Here we examined the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response in autophagy activation during vCTB syncytialization. We first demonstrated the activation of ERS response and autophagy during the time course of trophoblastic cell fusion and differentiation. Alteration of autophagy activation in vCTB by chemical treatments or Beclin-1 expression modulation leads to a decrease in trophoblastic syncytialization. Furthermore, ERS response inhibition by chemical treatment or siRNA strategy leads to a default in syncytialization, associated with alteration of autophagy markers and cell survival. From these data, we suggest that ERS response, by fine regulation of autophagy activation, may serve as an adaptive mechanism to promote cell survival during trophoblastic syncytialization.
Association of breast milk gamma-linolenic acid with infant anthropometric outcomes in urban, low-income Bangladeshi families: a prospective, birth cohort study
Authors: Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , Zhang Dadong , Nayak Uma , Ross Colgate E. , Carmolli Marya , Dickson Dorothy , Ahmed Tahmeed , Alam Masud , Kirkpatrick Beth D. , Haque Rashidul , Petri William A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesInfant linear-growth faltering remains a major public health issue in low- and middle-income countries and suboptimal breast milk composition may be a local, population-specific risk factor. The relationship between early post-natal breast milk fatty acid (FA) composition and infant growth at 1 and 2 years of age was investigated prospectively in 563 families in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Subjects/MethodsA maternal breast milk sample drawn before infant age 6 weeks was analyzed for percentage composition of 26 FAs, and infant length for ageZscore (LAZ) was measured longitudinally to infant age 2 years. Individual FAs were tested as predictors of the infant growth outcomes.ResultsOf 26 tested FAs, %gamma-linolenic acid (%GLA) was mostly significantly associated with increase in LAZ from 6 to 52 weeks (ΔLAZ(52−6w)), and also to 104 weeks. The association was consistent over all breast milk stages with estimated effect size of +0.05 ΔLAZ(52−6w) per 20% change in %GLA (pvalue = 3 × 10−6), and stronger for ΔLAZ(104−6w) at +0.06 (pvalue = 8 × 10−7), explaining 1% of the outcome variance. Infant serum zinc measurements at 6 and 18 weeks of age were included in adjusted analyses, suggesting at least partial independence of infant zinc levels. The association was strongest in 417/563 (74.1%) families with %GLA <0.2%. Breast milk arachidonic acid fraction was within normal range with weaker evidence of association in early breast milk stages.ConclusionsThis study found that %GLA in breast milk was independently associated with infant linear growth, albeit with small effect size, in a predominantly slum-dwelling, low-income, Bangladeshi cohort.
Discharge performance and dynamic behavior of refuellable zinc-air battery
Authors: Lao-atiman Woranunt , Olaru Sorin , Arpornwichanop Amornchai , Kheawhom Soorathep 
Published: September 2019

AbstractZinc-air batteries (ZABs) are considered a promising energy storage system. A model-based analysis is one of the effective approaches for the study of ZABs. This technique, however, requires reliable discharge data as regards parameter estimation and model validation. This work, therefore, provides the data required for the modeling and simulation of ZABs. Each set of data includes working time, cell voltage, current, capacity, power, energy, and temperature. The data can be divided into three categories: discharge profiles at different constant currents, dynamic behavior at different step changes of discharge current, and dynamic behavior at different random step changes of discharge current. Constant current discharge profile data focus on the evolution of voltage through time. The data of step changes emphasize the dynamic behavior of voltage responding to the change of discharge current. Besides, the data of random step changes are similar to the data of step changes, but the patterns of step changes are random. Such data support the modeling of a zinc-air battery for both theoretical and empirical approaches.
Compton imaging with 99mTc for human imaging
Authors: Sakai Makoto , Kubota Yoshiki , Parajuli Raj Kumar , Kikuchi Mikiko , Arakawa Kazuo , Nakano Takashi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe have been developing a medical imaging system using a Compton camera and demonstrated the imaging ability of Compton camera for 99mTc-DMSA accumulated in rat kidneys. In this study, we performed imaging experiments using a human body phantom to confirm its applicability to human imaging. Preliminary simulations were conducted using a digital phantom with varying activity ratios between the kidney and body trunk regions. Gamma rays (141 keV) were generated and detected by a Compton camera based on a silicon and cadmium telluride (Si/CdTe) detector. Compton images were reconstructed with the list mode median root prior expectation maximization method. The appropriate number of iterations of the condition was confirmed through simulations. The reconstructed Compton images revealed two bright points in the kidney regions. Furthermore, the numerical value calculated by integrating pixel values inside the region of interest correlated well with the activity of the kidney regions. Finally, experimental studies were conducted to ascertain whether the results of the simulation studies could be reproduced. The kidneys could be successfully visualised. In conclusion, considering that the conditions in this study agree with those of typical human bodies and imaginable experimental setup, the Si/CdTe Compton camera has a high probability of success in human imaging. In addition, our results indicate the capability of (semi-) quantitative analysis using Compton images.
Plumage iridescence is associated with distinct feather microbiota in a tropical passerine
Authors: Javůrková Veronika Gvoždíková , Enbody Erik D. , Kreisinger Jakub , Chmel Kryštof , Mrázek Jakub , Karubian Jordan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBirds present a stunning diversity of plumage colors that have long fascinated evolutionary ecologists. Although plumage coloration is often linked to sexual selection, it may impact a number of physiological processes, including microbial resistance. At present, the degree to which differences between pigment-based vs. structural plumage coloration may affect the feather microbiota remains unanswered. Using quantitative PCR and DGGE profiling, we investigated feather microbial load, diversity and community structure among two allopatric subspecies of White-shouldered Fairywren, Malurus alboscapulatus that vary in expression of melanin-based vs. structural plumage coloration. We found that microbial load tended to be lower and feather microbial diversity was significantly higher in the plumage of black iridescent males, compared to black matte females and brown individuals. Moreover, black iridescent males had distinct feather microbial communities compared to black matte females and brown individuals. We suggest that distinctive nanostructure properties of iridescent male feathers or different investment in preening influence feather microbiota community composition and load. This study is the first to point to structural plumage coloration as a factor that may significantly regulate feather microbiota. Future work might explore fitness consequences and the role of microorganisms in the evolution of avian sexual dichromatism, with particular reference to iridescence.
Fungal succession during mammalian cadaver decomposition and potential forensic implications
Authors: Fu Xiaoliang , Guo Juanjuan , Finkelbergs Dmitrijs , He Jing , Zha Lagabaiyila , Guo Yadong , Cai Jifeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe necrobiome is the postmortem community that includes bacteria, fungi, arthropods, and other cadaver-associated organisms. It has been suggested as biological evidence for forensic investigation. Fungi form distinctive mildew spots in colonizing decomposing bodies, converting them into moldy cadavers. However, the postmortem fungal community consists of more than these visible species. Characterizing the succession pattern of the fungal community during decomposition is valuable not only for understanding the ecosystem composition of the cadaver decomposition islands but also for contributing to forensic investigations. In the present study, the fungal composition of pig cadavers and succession patterns during decomposition were investigated with high-throughput sequencing. The succession patterns were easier to discern in outdoor cadavers, compared with those that were placed indoors. The metabarcoding approach revealed trends linking particular fungal taxa with specific postmortem intervals (PMIs). Dominant species increased notably in cadavers and soil. Furthermore, the succession of the soil community was driven by the cadaver decomposition. Significant mycoflora differences were observed between environmental and cadaveric soil. The results obtained suggested that postputrefaction mycoflora have considerable potential for PMI estimation, particularly in cases that involve heavily decomposed bodies. In addition, the diversity of fungal communities revealed by the metabarcoding approach allowed us to discriminate the sites of cadaver decomposition, implying that postputrefaction mycoflora may be helpful in identifying the environment in which a cadaver has been placed, or the original location from which a cadaver has been moved. Our results provide an important step towards developing fungal evidence for use in forensic science and add to the growing body of work on postmortem microbial communities.
MiR-31 promotes Th22 differentiation through targeting Bach2 in coronary heart disease
Authors: Huang Rimao , Chen Xuliang , Long Yadong , Chen Ri 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-31 in Th22 differentiation in coronary heart disease (CHD). Th22 frequencies in peripheral blood of CHD patients and controls as well as in CD4+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of Th22-associated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and Th22-effector cytokine interleukin (IL)-22, as well as miR-31 were examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The protein level of BTB domain and CNC homolog 2 (Bach2) was measured by Western blotting. The interaction between miR-31 and Bach2 was verified using dual luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that Th22 frequency and miR-31 expression were elevated in CHD patients. Furthermore, miR-31 mimic and Bach2 silencing significantly promoted Th22 frequency and the levels of AHR and IL-22 in CD4+ T cells from CHD patients. Further studies showed that miR-31 facilitated Th22 cell differentiation by targeting and inhibiting Bach2. Our data indicate that miR-31 promotes Th22 differentiation through targeting Bach2 in CHD.
Elektroneurografische und elektromyografische Diagnostik in der
Neuropädiatrie
Authors: Broser Philip J. , Lütschg Jürg 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie elektromyografische und elektroneurografische Untersuchung des peripheren
Nervensystems ist integraler Bestandteil der neuropädiatrischen und
neurologischen Diagnostik. In diesem Artikel wollen wir zeigen, wie durch
den systematischen und strukturierten Einsatz von neurophysiologischen
Methoden gewisse neuropädiatrische Krankheitsbilder erkannt und
diagnostiziert werden können oder die Richtung der weiteren
Abklärungen festgelegt werden kann.Es werden zunächst die gängigen Methoden der
Elektroneurografie und Elektromyografie beschrieben und dann in einer Serie
von 6 Patienten mit neuromuskulären Erkrankungen respektive
zentralen motorischen Störungen der Einsatz der neurophysiologischen
Funktionsdiagnostik dargestellt. Dabei werden Patienten aus dem ganzen
Altersspektrum der Neuropädiatrie vorgestellt.
Effects of Frequency and Duration of Interrupting Sitting on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers
Authors: Maylor Benjamin D. , Zakrzewski-Fruer Julia K. , Stensel David J. , Orton Charlie J. , Bailey Daniel P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInterrupting prolonged sitting with short multiple bouts of moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) can improve postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers. This study examined the effect of high and low frequency PA bouts (matched for total PA duration and energy expenditure) on postprandial cardiometabolic responses when compared with prolonged sitting. In this three-condition randomised crossover trial, 14 sedentary, inactive females (33.8±13.4 years, BMI 27.1±6.3 kg/m2) completed 3, 7.5 h conditions: 1) prolonged sitting (SIT), 2) high-frequency PA breaks (HIGH-FREQ) consisting of 15 ×2 min bouts of moderate-intensity treadmill PA every 30 min, and 3) low-frequency PA breaks (LOW-FREQ) consisting of 3 ×10 min bouts of moderate-intensity treadmill PA every 180 min. The PA bouts were performed at 65% of peak oxygen uptake. Net incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for each 7.5 h condition was calculated for glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations. Insulin iAUC was significantly (p<0.026) lower during HIGH-FREQ (mean [95%CI]; 82.86 [55.02, 110.70] µU/mL∙7.5 h) than LOW-FREQ (116.61 [88.50, 144.73] µU/mL∙7.5 h) and SIT (119.98 [92.42, 147.53] µU/mL∙7.5 h). Glucose and TAG iAUC did not differ between conditions. Engaging in higher-frequency PA breaks may be effective in attenuating postprandial insulin responses compared with lower-frequency PA breaks and prolonged sitting.
Contrasting Role of Concentration in Rivaroxaban Induced Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Isolated Kidney Mitochondria
Authors: Samiei Fatemeh , Sajjadi Hanieh , Jamshidzadeh Akram , Seydi Enayatollah , Pourahmad Jalal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRivaroxaban as a small molecule is able to directly and reversibly inhibit the factor Xa. This study was designed to figure out the evaluation effect of rivaroxaban on mitochondria obtained from rat kidneys. We isolated mitochondria from rat kidneys using gradient centrifugation. Then, the toxicity parameters including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse and cytochrome c release were measured in kidneys mitochondria following the exposure to rivaroxaban. The results showed that rivaroxaban (1.4 and 2.8 mM) raised the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, swelling in the mitochondria, collapse in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome c release in the mitochondria isolated from kidneys. While, rivaroxaban at a higher concentration of 5.6 mM showed the opposite effect compared to other lower concentrations. The results indicate that rivaroxaban may have antioxidant effects at high concentrations. The results suggest that rivaroxaban (5.6 mM) has protective effects against oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity.
Reliabilität und Validität des
Bregma-Tests
Authors: Best Norman , Senftleben Ulrike , Rottländer Kerstin , Lehmann Thomas , Loudovici-Krug Dana 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Der Bregma-Test dient der Evaluation der posturalen
Funktion und damit der Einschätzung der physiologischen
Körperhaltung. Ziel der Studie war die Überprüfung
der Testgütekriterien „Reliabilität“ und
„Validität“ sowie die klinische bzw. praktische
Anwendbarkeit des Bregma-Tests.
Methodik Zweiteiliges Studiendesign mit n=20 Probanden und
n=61 Patienten zur Prüfung der Intra- bzw.
Interrater-Reliabilität. Unterscheidung zwischen erfahrenen und
unerfahrenen Untersuchern sowie Prüfung der Reliabilität
zwischen klinischer Auswertung und Auswertung angefertigter Videosequenzen.
Errechnung linear gewichteter Kappa-Werte. Prüfung der
Validität bei fehlendem Goldstandard über einen
Delphi-Prozess.
Ergebnisse Intrarater-Reliabilität mit fast vollkommener
Übereinstimmung, beachtliche Interrater-Reliabilität, auch
bei Auswertung der Videosequenzanalyse. Hohe Praktikabilität.
Vollkommene Zustimmung eines Expertengremiums im Delphi-Prozess.
Schlussfolgerung Der Bregma-Test ist ein reliables Instrument zur
Überprüfung allgemeiner sensomotorischer Fähigkeiten
im klinischen Setting und somit auch im Rehabilitationsprozess.
Clinical Impact of BioFire Film Array in Pediatric Sepsis
Authors: Moraru Gabriela M. , Chatani Brandon , Martinez Octavio , Scott Gwendolyn , Tamariz Leonardo , Mitchell Charles D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective Rapid molecular tests are important components of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) and for early and accurate diagnosis of sepsis etiology. Their utility in helping providers to de-escalate therapy remains a subject of debate, especially among patients with chronic conditions and indwelling devices.
Methods We have conducted a retrospective cohort study of medical records from August 1, 2016 to July 31, 2018, following the implementation at our institution of the BioFire FilmArray blood culture identification panel (BioFire Diagnostics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States). We have assessed the clinical impact of the assay looking at antimicrobial optimization and time needed to make this change in different pediatric wards.
Results Two hundred and twenty-nine patients were included in our analysis. We identified a significant statistical difference between different pediatric wards regarding antimicrobial therapy optimization (p < 0.001) and between the type of therapeutic attitude related to BioFire result, escalation versus de-escalation, or no change (p < 0.03). The likelihood for an infectious disease consult requested upon BioFire result to lead to an antimicrobial regimen optimization was also statistically significant (p < 0.01). The positive BioFire results were associated with antimicrobial escalation in 81.4% of cases, with approximately 75% of changes made within 12 hours of the assay result.
Conclusion Our study suggests that BioFire Film Array does not help de-escalating the therapy in patients with chronic disorders. Physician education and level of confidence in the assay remains an essential obstacle in maximizing the test performance in clinical practice. In recent years, the market for more sensitive and comprehensive rapid molecular diagnostic tests has evolved rapidly, requiring effective ASP to optimize the management of infectious diseases.