bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DepthAnything and SAM for UIE: Exploring Large Model Information Contributes to Underwater Image Restoration
Authors: shao Jinxin , zhang haosu , miao jianming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Underwater image enhancement (UIE) poses significant challenges due to complex light absorption and scattering effects in aquatic environments, which degrade visual quality and hinder subsequent image analysis. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Large Model-Assisted Feature Enhancement Strategy for UIE that integrates depth and semantic features extracted from large pre-trained models—specifically, DepthAnything and the Segment Anything Model. We develop a rigorous theoretical framework grounded in information theory and statistical learning theory, demonstrating that incorporating auxiliary features from large models enhances the representational capacity of UIE models, reduces estimation risk, and facilitates optimization in high-dimensional feature spaces. Our analysis, leveraging PAC-Bayesian theory, provides theoretical generalization bounds that justify the improved performance of our approach. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets corroborate our theoretical findings, achieving significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods in both full-reference and no-reference image quality metrics. Through comprehensive ablation studies, we elucidate the critical role of depth information in UIE, aligning with theoretical principles of underwater light attenuation and scattering. This work offers valuable academic insights into integrating large pre-trained models for UIE, bridging the gap between theoretical advancements and practical applications, and opening new avenues for addressing complex image restoration problems in challenging environments.
Woody Plant Species Composition, Structure, and Regeneration Status of Ruruki Forest of Liban Jawi District, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Bayissa , Regasa Tena , Mammo Siraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The study was conducted to assess the woody plant species composition, population structure, and regeneration status of Ruruki Forest. A total of 30 sample plots, each 20 m x 20 m, were established using a systematic sampling method. A sub-plot of 5 m x 5 m was used to count saplings and seedlings. To describe the vegetation structure of the study forest we computed DBH and height size frequency distributions of individuals and species importance value indexes (IVI).A total of 70 woody species which categorized into 64 genera, and 45 families were identified of which 57.14% were trees, while shrubs and lianas cover 37.14% and 5.7%, respectively. The total density of woody species recorded was 868.33 individuals/ha. The highest IVI index was recorded for Syzgium guineense species, indicating the species is ecologically important. The results of height showed that there was a greater predominance of small-sized individuals of woody species than large-sized woody species for the study forest. The general pattern of the DBH class distribution of the forest showed an irregular distribution, which implies there was some selective cutting of individual woody species for different purposes. The overall regeneration status of the forest was found to be fair. Generally, the result obtained from this study shows that there is disturbance and selective cutting of trees in the forest. Hence, there is a need for full participation in sustainable forest management to control selective cutting and to apply the best forest management practices, such as reforestation and afforestation
FDS-YOLOv8: an improved YOLOv8 model for crop condition detection under severe weather conditions
Authors: wang hui , wu yue , yin lei , liu ye , wang dong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This paper proposes an enhanced version of the YOLOv8 object detection model, named FDS-YOLOv8, specifically designed for crop condition detection under severe weather conditions. The significance of accurate crop monitoring in agriculture cannot be overstated, particularly in regions prone to adverse weather such as rain, fog, and sandstorms. The proposed FDS-YOLOv8 model incorporates three key components: the Focus module for efficient downsampling without information loss, Depthwise Separable Convolution to reduce parameters and computational costs, and the Swin Transformer for improved feature extraction and noise resilience. Experimental results demonstrate that FDS-YOLOv8 achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 90.5%, outperforming the baseline YOLOv8 model by 3.0%. This improved model effectively detects crop growth cycles, pests, and diseases even in heavy rain, fog, or sandstorm weather, showcasing its potential as a valuable tool for agricultural vegetation planting.
Next-Generation Sequencing Workflow Study Of SARS-Cov-2 Beta RBD in Complex with Human ACE2 With Biopython
Authors: Sharma Roma , Kumari Uma , Hasan Kamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In the present study, we focused on Next - Generation Sequencing analysis with Biopython to study the Beta SARS-CoV-2 variant RBD and Human ACE2 enzyme. The NGS workflow analysis includes computational tools MMDB, BioPython, BLAST, String, COBALT, InterPro, and PDB web server (PDBsum) for the present study. We employed a protein structural analysis to asses conserved domains which disrupt ACE2/SARS-CoV-2 Binding. Bio python was employed to automate the protein sequence for structure manipulation tasks. We performed MSA (Multiple sequence alignment) with COBALT and studied conserved residues that are essential for binding. Blast was used to search the homology and identify functionally relevant regions with a PDB web server that serves the purpose of visualization Protein domains and functions were classified with InterPro scan The findings of Interproscan of 8DF5 revealed peptidase and Collectrin –novel homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme helps in the development of future therapeutic targets.
Physician Assistant/Associate Career Flexibility: Factors Associated with Specialty Transitions
Authors: Kozikowski Andrzej , Bruza-Augatis Mirela , Morton-Rias Dawn , Puckett Kasey , Jeffery Colette , Cawley James F. , Hooker Roderick S. , Quella Alicia , Mauldin Sheila , Goodman Joshua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Physician assistants/associates (PAs), due to their broad medical education and certification, have the flexibility to change specialties throughout their careers. Prior studies suggest that between half and three-quarters exercise this option at some point in their career, and a third do so within the first decade. However, more research is needed to understand the factors associated with PAs changing vs. remaining in the same specialty throughout their professional journey.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis using a 2023 national dataset was conducted to examine specialty transitions throughout PAs' careers. We analyzed responses (N = 121,947 [81.3% response rate]) to a question asking how many times PAs changed specialties throughout their careers. Our investigation included specialty changes overall and separately within career-stage subgroups. We also explored demographics and practice attributes associated with specialty change patterns.
Results
Most PAs change specialties at least once during their careers, with some making this transition as many as six or more times. The highest proportion of change occurs in the first, followed by the second decade of practice. In the first 10 years, 40.3% of PAs changed specialties. In multivariate analysis, duration of practice was the strongest factor associated with increased odds of transitioning. PAs practicing for 31 or more years had over four-fold higher odds of changing specialties than PAs practicing for 10 or fewer years. Other factors strongly linked to specialty changes included working in critical care medicine or psychiatry, holding two or more clinical positions, practicing in urgent care, being an independent contractor, female gender, serving in the military, and possessing a doctorate. The pattern of significant PA characteristics linked with specialty changes was largely consistent when comparing the overall cross-sectional analysis with separate subgroups of PAs within different career stages.
Conclusion
PAs exhibit a high degree of career flexibility when it comes to changing specialties. Our research demonstrates that by the late-career stage, three-fourths of PAs have transitioned between at least two disciplines; however, most changes occurred in the first decade of practice. This study further substantiates the PA profession's attributes, highlighting its unique characteristics, such as its adaptability and capacity for career flexibility.
3D-printed models demonstrate hermit crab’s shelter preference for dextral shells
Authors: Tachibana Jun , Yoshikawa Akihiro , Hoso Masaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Because the external structures of animals are products of their behavioral traits, they often called “extended phenotypes.” Unlike phenotypes in general, extended phenotypes have a unique feature that they can be easily modified by researchers. However, it is still difficult for small-scale research projects to design artificial objects that differ only in specific elements, to create them in large quantities, and to use them in the field without polluting the environment. To overcome these difficulties, we here propose the usefulness of 3D printing technology with biodegradable materials. As an example, we tested the shell preference of hermit crabs. Hermit crabs selectively use the snail shells as shelter. Because most snail shells are dextral (clockwisely coiling), it seems obvious that hermit crabs prefer dextral shells. However, due to the practical impossibility of conducting comparative experiments using snail shells that differ only in chirality, it has never been rigorously tested. In this study, we used 3D-printed models of dextral and sinistral shells in laboratory and field experiments, providing definitive evidence for the preference of hermit crabs for dextral shells. This study demonstrates the usefulness of 3D printing technology to examine how extended phenotypes are optimized and how the optimizations are limited by natural materials.
Analysis of the Efficiency Electrochemical Extraction to Chloride Ions for Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Santos Beatriz Schimelfenig , Silva Cristina Vitorino , Mazer Wellington 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Due to Brazil having an extensive coastline, it is extremely important to study the interactions between concrete and the marine environment, in order to prevent pathological manifestations and recover structures damaged by the action of the sea air. This work aims to analyze the efficiency of the method of electrochemical extraction of chloride ions in reinforced concrete affected by corrosion of chloride ions in a coastal region. Through the study it was verified that the application of the method of electrochemical extraction of chloride ions was effective for the rehabilitation of concrete analyzed, however, an increase in the porosity of the sample was observed after the application of the method. The analyzes were in accordance with the literature review, which states the increase in concrete porosity due to the high current density used during the application of the method.
WITHDRAWN: The impact of listing companies in emerging markets on the London Stock Exchange on Financial reporting opacity and sustainable growth rate
Authors: Elmaasrawy Hamada , Tawfik Omar , Lamey Ywana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Application of VR to Ikebana Education
Authors: Miyazaki Ayano , Ota Hiroko , Iwazaki Kumiko , Urata Mayu , Endo Mamoru , Yasuda Takami 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study proposes a virtual reality (VR) system designed to support ikebana education. It enables beginners to virtually prepare for and review lessons before and after working with real flowers in the classroom. A custom flower model allows learners to perform fundamental ikebana operations such as cutting, bending, and shaping curves. The system features an intuitive, user-friendly interface tailored for those unfamiliar with VR, using only the trigger and grip buttons on the VR controller. Learners can practise arranging flowers in a vase, focusing on proper length, balance of angles, and order of placement, with the option to repeat the process as needed. An automated function assists learners by adjusting their arrangements to facilitate self-study. In the Ikenobo curriculum, works composed of linear flower materials—such as stems, branches, and long leaves—are regarded as a set of line segments. The system evaluates and adjusts these arrangements based on the statistical properties of these line segments.
Enhanced Content-Based Image Retrieval through Integrated Local Average Binary Patterns and Joint Color Probabilities
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Ali , Eshghi AmirHossein , Mohammadi Saba , Zakeri Abdollah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Artificial intelligence techniques for image pattern recognition and retrieval are pivotal in various applications, particularly in medical imaging. Despite numerous existing methods, the process remains complex and computationally intensive. This study introduces an innovative approach to content-based image retrieval (CBIR) by integrating Local Average Binary Patterns (LABP) and the joint probability distribution of color channels. LABP extends the traditional Local Binary Pattern (LBP) by considering multiple layers of neighboring pixels, enabling a more comprehensive texture representation. Additionally, we propose a novel color feature extraction method based on the discrete joint probability distribution of RGB color channels, providing a robust representation of color information. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on the Wang (Corel-1k) and Corel-10k datasets, demonstrating superior precision compared to other state-of-the-art techniques. This work contributes to enhancing CBIR performance by combining these novel features into a unified feature vector, improving efficiency and accuracy, especially in large datasets. The code and links to datasets are publicly available at https://github.com/BU-AILab/LABP.
Unintended pregnancy in the Netherlands: An evaluation of a multidimensional and continuous construct
Authors: Sprenger Merel , Beumer Wieke Yanne , Ditzhuijzen Jenneke van , Jong Jessica Christina Kiefte-de 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background. It is often unclear what constitutes an unintended pregnancy, and pregnancy intentions may be multidimensional, dynamic as well as context-specific. The London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) measures pregnancy intentions in a manner close to the actual experience. The aim of this study is to establish a reliable adapted Dutch version of the LMUP (LMUP-NL). The second aim is to provide a more accurate understanding of unintended pregnancy in the Netherlands, by focusing on associated factors with unintended pregnancy of both pregnant people and their partners, irrespective of pregnancy outcome. The third aim is to give insight into agreement of pregnancy intentions within couples.Methods. The adapted LMUP-NL was translated based on the Flemish LMUP and the UK 2020 update. In a small validation sample, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the adapted LMUP-NL with regards to acceptability, readability, reliability, and construct validity. Further, we combined data from two studies on unintended pregnancy including both people who were pregnant and their partners. We tested several hypotheses, expecting people to report a more intended pregnancy if they were 1) continuing their pregnancy to term, 2) in a stable relationship, 3) older than 20 but younger than 40, and 4) pregnant for the first time. We additionally assessed consistency in pregnancy intentions of couples.Results. The evaluation (n = 101) demonstrated that the adapted LMUP-NL was acceptable, readable and reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75). There was good test-retest stability and acceptable construct validity. Subsequently, results from our hypothesis tests (n = 1172) showed that people who were younger, single, and nulliparous reported lower pregnancy intent. People who had an abortion reported lower pregnancy intent compared to people continuing their pregnancy to term. Lastly, results showed a high correlation of pregnancy intent in couples (n = 257).Conclusions. The current study evaluated the adapted LMUP-NL as reliable for the Dutch context. It offers researchers and policy makers an instrument suitable to measure pregnancy intention in a multidimensional manner, constituting a closer reflection of the actual experience of pregnancy intentions. Pregnancy intentions are context-specific and often consistent between partners.
Facilitators and barriers to participation of patients with treatment resistant depression in a randomised controlled trial of two forms of personalised magnetic resonance imaging targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation (the BRIGhTMIND trial)
Authors: Boutry Clement , Webster Lucy , Thomson Louise , Harding Delilah , Reid Isabel , Bates Peter , Gledhill John , McNaughton Rebecca , Eastham Jane , Ooi Joanne , Willis Andy , Marner Sonal , Morriss Richard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can personalise the site of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered as a course of 20 sessions for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Facilitators and barriers to a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of MRI personalised TMS is understudied.
Aim. To explore facilitators and barriers behind RCT participants’ experience of personalised MRI-targeted TMS in people with TRD.
Methods. Nineteen participants from the BRIGhTMIND RCT of two forms of MRI personalised TMS, completed semi-structured interviews exploring the reasons behind the uptake and experience of TMS. The sample included fifteen participants who completed the treatment course and four who declined to proceed before randomisation. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, co-produced between researchers and patients and public involvement contributors.
Results. Facilitators were “hope” regarding the treatment itself, the influence of research staff, interest in a new treatment, and altruism. Barriers were concerns about their ability to commit to the trial and the nature of the TMS itself. MRI was neither a facilitator nor a barrier to TMS. Throughout the themes, clinicians and researchers made a difference by explaining and setting realistic expectations of the treatment and building rapport through daily patient contact. The ability to offer TMS outside office hours would be a great advantage for patients in employment.
Conclusion.The study highlights the importance of understanding patients’ concepts and experiences of TMS. The provision of optimal information to patients and the most efficacious, acceptable regimes of TMS delivery may maximise participation (Trial registration number ISRCTN19674644).
Reducing Subjectivity in Landslide Hazard Zonation Method: An Integrated Methodology
Authors: Gebremicheal Searom , Wubshet Tegene 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study was conducted in Sheko District, Southwestern Ethiopia. The area has been experiencing recurrent landslide problems for several years. Due to the severity of these slope instability issues, this study was undertaken. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate landslide hazard using a new methodology and to validate its efficiency. An integrated Slope stability Susceptibility Evaluation Parameter and Geographic Information System based statistical Value approach was employed. Facet-wise field measurement and observations were made, and ratings for each parameter class were assigned based on the prevailing conditions on individual facets. By establishing the density relationship between past landslides in the study area computation of hazard index and modifying rating to come up with the new methodology rating has been done. The evaluate landslide hazard map produced by the integrated approach classifies the study area into four zones, low hazard, moderate hazard, high hazard and Vey high hazard zones. Out of a total of 303 facets evaluated using the integrated approach, covering an area of 0.469 km2, 8 facets are classified as falling under the low hazard zone, 232 facets are classified as falling under the moderate hazard zone, 62 facets classified as high hazard zones with area coverage of 27.064\(\:{\:\text{K}\text{m}}^{2}\), which count for approximately 25.7% of the study area, one facet (Facet 286) classified as very high hazard zone with area coverage of 0.223\(\:{\:\text{K}\text{m}}^{2}\), approximately 0.21% of the study area.
Ramadan during pregnancy and offspring age at menarche in Indonesia: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Tran Van My , Ewijk Reyn van , Pradella Fabienne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Age at menarche (AAM) is a key indicator of female reproductive health, predicting fecundity, birth rate, menopausal timing, and other long-term health outcomes. Nutrition is an important non-genetic factor influencing menarcheal timing, with animal models indicating a link between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and offspring pubertal onset. However, due to ethical and practical constraints, studies on humans are scarce. Our study used prenatal exposure to Ramadan to investigate the effect of maternal nutrition on offspring AAM. Due to its intermittent nature, Ramadan fast is similar to other common forms of nutritional deprivation during pregnancy, e.g. breakfast skipping. Therefore, the relevance of this research extends beyond the context of Ramadan itself. Furthermore, considering the global prevalence of Ramadan observance, understanding the link between Ramadan during pregnancy and offspring reproduction health could benefit millions of females.
Methods
We used data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (1993-2014, N=8,081) and Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys (2002-2007, N=13,241). OLS and Cox regressions were applied to compare the AAM of female Muslims who were prenatally exposed to Ramadan and those of female Muslims who were not exposed. Exposure was determined based on the overlap between each woman’s own time in utero with historical dates of Ramadan. We further subdivided this overlap into trimester-specific categories. In all analyses, we adjusted for urban-rural residence, birth month, birth year, birth year squared, and survey wave.
Results
No associations between Ramadan during pregnancy and AAM were found, irrespective of the pregnancy trimester overlapping with Ramadan. These results were stable when we restricted the sample to women with shorter recall periods and younger women at the time of survey.
Conclusions
This study adds to the limited body of human research on the effects of prenatal nutritional on AAM. Given the limitations inherent in our study, future research is encouraged to further investigate this relationship. This could include examining clinical markers of pubertal onset, as well as exploring other social indicators of female reproduction. Such studies would help deepen our understanding of the dynamics between prenatal nutrition and female reproductive outcomes.