bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChatGPT for parents' education about early childhood caries: A friend or foe?
Authors: Elkarmi Rawan , Abu‐Ghazaleh Suha , Sonbol Hawazen , Haha Ola , AL‐Haddad Alaa , Hassona Yazan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing popularity of online sources for health information, parents may seek information related to early childhood caries (ECC) from artificial intelligence‐based chatbots.AimThe aim of this article was to evaluate the usefulness, quality, reliability, and readability of ChatGPT answers to parents' questions about ECC.DesignEighty questions commonly asked about ECC were compiled from experts and keyword research tools. ChatGPT 3.5 was asked these questions independently. The answers were evaluated by experts in paediatric dentistry.ResultsChatGPT provided “very useful” and “useful” responses to 82.5% of the questions. The mean global quality score was 4.3 ± 1 (good quality). The mean reliability score was 18.5 ± 8.9 (average to very good). The mean understandability score was 59.5% ± 13.8 (not highly understandable), and the mean actionability score was 40.5% ± 12.8 (low actionability). The mean Flesch–Kincaid reading ease score was 32% ± 25.7, and the mean Simple Measure of Gobbledygook index readability score was 15.3 ± 9.1(indicating poor readability for the lay person). Misleading and false information were detected in some answers.ConclusionChatGPT has significant potential as a tool for answering parent's questions about ECC. Concerns, however, do exist about the readability and actionability of the answers. The presence of false information should not be overlooked.
Purchase efficiency in Dutch youth care: locally least squares frontier method applied to municipality data
Authors: Blank Jos L. T. , van Heezik Alex A. S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present an empirical model to analyse the efficiency of youth care by local government, especially with regard to purchasing policies. Locally least squares is applied to data from 352 Dutch municipalities operating in 2021. The outcomes reveal significant variations in the cost efficiency related to purchasing policies among municipalities. For all municipalities, the average cost efficiency is 84%. However, the corresponding standard errors of cost efficiency vary between 2.6% and 14.8% with a mean of 8.6% implying that only a limited number of municipalities are able to achieve efficiency gains with a high degree of certainty. Open House outsourcing and a framework contract without intermediate access are the most influential instruments on cost efficiency. Other features such as the duration of the contract and collaboration with other municipalities appear to have only a modest effect.
Proteomic Insights Into Gingival Crevicular Extracellular Vesicles in Periodontitis and Gestational Diabetes: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Mizgier María Luisa , Nardocci Gino , Ramírez Valeria , Bendek María José , Hernández Marcela , Rojas Carolina , Herrera David , Kantarci Alpdogan , Kemp Matthew W. , Illanes Sebastián E. , Chaparro Alejandra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo characterize the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) and explore their proteomic cargo in healthy pregnant women compared to those with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and periodontitis.MethodsOne‐hundred and four pregnant women were recruited at 24–30 gestation weeks. GDM was diagnosed by an oral glucose tolerance test. GCF and plasma samples were obtained to isolate EVs and characterized by nanoparticle tracking, immunoassays, electron microscopy and mass spectrometry.ResultsOf the recruits,17.3% women were healthy, 50% had periodontitis and 32.7% had both GDM and periodontitis. Probing depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing were more severe in GDM and periodontitis pregnancies (p < 0.0001). Additionally, this group showed an increase concentration of total, small and large GCF‐EVs (p = 0.0015, p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0008, respectively), with decreased expression of CD9, CD81 and CD81/CD63 ratio (p = 0.0461, p = 0.0164 and p = 0.0005, respectively). No differences were observed in plasmatic EVs concentration or markers expression. Proteomic analysis of GCF‐EVs showed peptides of both host and bacterial origin. Gene ontology analysis revealed that proteins of GCF‐EVs participate in immune inflammatory responses, glucose metabolism and insulin response mechanisms.ConclusionGCF‐EVs were increased in both GDM and periodontitis, and their proteomic cargo suggest their involvement in immune inflammatory response, glucose metabolism and insulin pathways during pregnancy.
Architectural crypt distortions in ulcerative colitis: Time for reappraisal
Authors: Rubio Carlos A , Lang‐Schwarz Corinna , Vieth Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChronic mucosal inflammation and architectural crypt distortions (ACD) are essential for the histologic diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC). ACD in UC has been defined as irregularly arranged, dilated, branched, and shortened crypts with inequality of inter‐crypt distance. However, neither the diagnostic sections' crypt phenotype nor the cutting mode have been considered. In this regard, previous studies showed that most diagnostic biopsies in UC are fortuitously crosscut at laboratories. In this communication, we review the crypt phenotypes that are included in the ACD in UC notion: crypts in asymmetric branching, crypt rings in tandem, crypts with lateral buds, face‐to‐face “kissing crypts,” crypts‐in‐crypts, laterally orientated crypts in anthemia fold domains, and crypts with irregular shape and size in innominate groves domains. The awareness that disparate crypt phenotypes may participate in the ACD notion may open new vistas in the interpretation of crypt distortions in crosscut diagnostic sections in UC. The present findings will permit endoscopists and clinicians to better understand the narrative of ACD in the pathological diagnosis.
Staff Observational Differences Between Depressive Disorders and Personality Disorders
Authors: Jayakody Kaushadh , McKinnon Iain , Cousins David Andrew 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDistinguishing those with a personality disorder from those with major depressive disorder (MDD) can be challenging, but establishing the correct diagnosis can direct appropriate management.AimTo identify whether behavioural themes differ between those with personality disorders from those with MDD, and how those differences might relate to a clinical team's perception of diagnosis.MethodAn observational study identifying all inpatients presenting with symptoms of depression. At discharge, patients (n = 60) underwent a structured diagnostic interview and were grouped according to diagnosis. Qualitative data was analysed to determine whether behavioural themes differed between those with MDD and those with a personality disorder (with or without MDD).ResultsWard staff perceptions of diagnosis aligned in all cases of personality disorder, but they also attributed that diagnosis to 54% of patients who had only MDD. Several behavioural themes were evident in those with a personality disorder but not those with MDD. Many behavioural themes were observed in both groups, and it is likely these that drove differences in diagnostic views.Implications for PracticeCertain behavioural themes may be determinants of the perception of diagnosis held by inpatient staff, and when present in acute episodes in MDD, may risk diagnostic misattribution.
Integrating digital behavioural therapy for insomnia into primary care: A feasibility mixed‐methods study
Authors: Gordon Christopher J. , Cheung Janet M. Y. , Schrire Zoe Menzel , Rahimi Matthew , Aji Melissa , Salomon Helena , Doggett Iliana , Glozier Nick , Wong Keith K. H. , Marshall Nathaniel S. , Bartlett Delwyn J. , Grunstein Ron R. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryDigital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia has been developed to increase capacity and scalability for patients with insomnia, but implementation in primary care remains limited. The aim of the trial was to evaluate the implementation of digital insomnia therapy into primary care practice for patients with insomnia. We conducted a single‐arm feasibility trial of digital behavioural therapy for insomnia (SleepFix) providing sleep restriction therapy with insomnia patients in primary care. Healthcare professionals (comprising General Practitioners, community pharmacists and nurses) were enrolled into the trial and, when deemed clinically appropriate, prescribed SleepFix to patients with insomnia. The primary outcome was uptake assessed by the number of downloads of SleepFix. Interviews with primary care healthcare professionals explored their attitudes towards implementing/using insomnia digital therapeutics in clinical practice, and patients about their experiences with SleepFix. Insomnia symptoms, mood and sleep quality were measured before and after the trial. This trial was prospectively registered (ACTRN12620000055909). Thirty healthcare professionals and 105 patients were enrolled into the trial. Fourteen healthcare professionals administered at least one insomnia digital therapeutic prescription between November 2021 and March 2022. Fifty patients downloaded and used SleepFix (47.6% uptake). In post‐trial interviews, healthcare professionals felt they could incorporate digital sleep health into clinical practice and patients found SleepFix acceptable. There were significant improvements in insomnia symptoms, mood and sleep quality at week 6 (all p < 0.05). This trial shows a real‐world implementation of a digital insomnia therapy into primary care that could provide a framework for prescribing digital sleep interventions.
The neurotensin receptor 1 agonist PD149163 alleviates visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability in rat irritable bowel syndrome model
Authors: Nozu Tsukasa , Miyagishi Saori , Ishioh Masatomo , Takakusaki Kaoru , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn impaired intestinal barrier with the activation of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and proinflammatory cytokine signaling, resulting in visceral hypersensitivity, is a crucial aspect of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The gut exhibits abundant expression of neurotensin; however, its role in the pathophysiology of IBS remains uncertain. This study aimed to clarify the effects of PD149163, a specific agonist for neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1), on visceral sensation and gut barrier in rat IBS models.MethodsThe visceral pain threshold in response to colonic balloon distention was electrophysiologically determined by monitoring abdominal muscle contractions, while colonic permeability was measured by quantifying absorbed Evans blue in colonic tissue in vivo in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. We employed the rat IBS models, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ and CRF‐induced visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability, and explored the effects of PD149163.Key ResultsIntraperitoneal PD149163 (160, 240, 320 μg kg−1) prevented LPS (1 mg kg−1, subcutaneously)‐induced visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability dose‐dependently. It also prevented the gastrointestinal changes induced by CRF (50 μg kg−1, intraperitoneally). Peripheral atropine, bicuculline (a GABAA receptor antagonist), sulpiride (a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist), astressin2‐B (a CRF receptor subtype 2 [CRF2] antagonist), and intracisternal SB‐334867 (an orexin 1 receptor antagonist) reversed these effects of PD149163 in the LPS model.Conclusions and InferencesPD149163 demonstrated an improvement in visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability in rat IBS models through the dopamine D2, GABAA, orexin, CRF2, and cholinergic pathways. Activation of NTR1 may modulate these gastrointestinal changes, helping to alleviate IBS symptoms.
A Digital Self‐Administered Check‐Up Assessment and Evaluation of Risk Communication in Older People
Authors: Schumacher Connie , Pyatt Grace , Mowbray Fabrice , Jones Aaron , Prentice Dawn , Costa Andrew 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDigital health tools can significantly contribute to the continuum of care and support for persons with their self‐management role. Despite the increasing adoption of digital health tools, little is known about the uptake and comfort of use among older persons.MethodsA mixed methods design was used to assess the feasibility and utility of the check‐up (CU), a self‐administered digital health assessment for older persons. For the older person, qualitative interviews and de‐identified CU assessment data were collected. A focus group was held to gain the health provider perspective.ResultsA total of 32 online CU assessments were completed, and 17 individuals participated in interviews. Three main themes were identified: digital literacy and accessibility, communication of risk and role within the circle of care.ConclusionSelf‐administered digital assessments are feasible for older adults. Strategies for adoption should focus on accessibility and collaboration with health professionals to maximise utility and understanding of assessment results.
Survey‐based insights from choice‐based conjoint analyses on customer preferences for company characteristics of life insurers
Authors: Hanika Moritz , Gatzert Nadine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate customer preferences for certain company characteristics when purchasing life insurance products. We focus on ratings provided by aggregators, namely financial strength, sustainability, service quality, and type of customer touchpoint (online vs. in person), while also studying potential product‐specific differences between annuities and term life policies. Toward this end, we conduct two choice‐based conjoint analyses with 529 and 543 German respondents to estimate individual preference structures. Consistent with economic expectations, we observe statistically significant higher preferences for better ratings of the life insurer, which also materialize in the respondents' marginal willingness to pay. One main finding is that customer preferences in our sample are asymmetric, with a strong focus on avoiding below‐average ratings. Furthermore, for both annuities and term life insurances, the relatively most important life insurer attribute for customers is financial strength, followed by service quality, sustainability, and type of customer touchpoint.
Measuring Beyond the Standard: Informal Measurement Systems as Cognitive Technologies
Authors: Kaaronen Roope O. , Manninen Mikael A. , Eronen Jussi T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the role of measurement as a cognitive technology across human history, emphasizing the coexistence of formal and informal measurement systems. While standardized systems dominate contemporary culture and are well documented across large‐scale societies of the past, this manuscript highlights the less explored domain of informal measurement practices that have been integral to daily life from the past to the present. Through the examination of body‐based measurement systems and proportional heuristics, we demonstrate how these informal strategies were not merely precursors to formal standards but essential adaptive tools for solving everyday problems. Often, these informal solutions come with practical advantages. This manuscript calls for a broader recognition of their significance in cultural and technological evolution.
Epistemic modality and evidentiality in virtual intercultural exchanges between Turkish and Texan users of English
Authors: Uzum Melike , Lindahl Kristen , Uzum Baburhan , Yazan Bedrettin , Akayoglu Sedat 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study reports on data from two 6‐week virtual intercultural exchanges (VIEs) between teachers of multilingual learners in K‐12 schools in Türkiye and the United States. Using the data from these asynchronous VIEs, we focus on Turkish world Englishes speakers’ use of epistemic markers and evidentials. We examine how participants from Türkiye use markers of epistemic modality and evidentiality in intercultural encounters and how that use influences their construction of cultural information about Türkiye. Our findings show participants selectively code epistemic modality and evidentiality to indicate (their proximity to) the source of cultural information, avoid potential misunderstanding, and claim responsibility for the factuality of the information shared (or not). Our study contributes to understanding how world Englishes and Intercultural Communication intersect in multilingual contact zones that transcend borders―both real and imagined―between cultures, languages, and nations.
Public Engagement and Participatory Design Preparedness: Adapting Participatory Technology Assessment Methods for Design Science
Authors: Owens Jared , Diem Stephanie , Farooque Mahmud , Verma Aditi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The relationship over time between knowledge of a design’s performance and the impediments to its revision poses an important, fundamental design challenge. Early stages of design processes are characterized by maximal decision-making flexibility, but choices must be made with minimal knowledge of the impact they will have on operational performance. While knowledge of operational performance characteristics accumulates as a design matures, inherent forces of path dependency and lock-in tied to upstream design decisions increase the difficulty of implementing design changes downstream. To mitigate this challenge, some design processes utilize participatory methods involving early stakeholder engagement to yield a better understanding of the landscape of design expectations, hopes, and concerns. This information can be used to anticipate otherwise unforeseen downstream problems, the occurrence of which are not uncommon in sociotechnical system contexts distinguished by the inherent complexity of interacting social and technical elements. Recognizing the value of early engagement in the design process, this project explores the utility of methods derived from the Participatory Technology Assessment (pTA) methodology in a sociotechnical systems design context; specifically, that of fusion energy systems. We hypothesize that pTA as structured by the Expert and Citizen Assessment of Science and Technology (ECAST) network, originally designed over a decade ago and continually refined in the years since as a multi-phase public engagement methodology for post-normal science and technology policy decision-making support, may be a valuable pre-design tool for increasing participatory design preparedness. As an initial small-scale test of pTA, the project team, consisting of fusion physics, engineering, and pTA experts, conducted two pTA-style open-framing dialogues on energy sources, energy transitions, and fusion energy systems with members of the public recruited from the Madison, Wisconsin area. While preliminary, our findings suggest that pTA methods can be useful for investigating public framings of the greater context around a sociotechnical design challenge; public awareness and understandings of design-relevant technologies; public capacities to comprehend and discuss design-related educational materials; and public expectations, hopes, and concerns with a design’s technologies, all of which we conjecture can be used to refine the structure and content of participatory design engagements. Future experimentation embedding pTA methods in real or simulated design processes may provide highly valuable information for planning and executing participatory design engagements that themselves provide crucial information in the early stages of sociotechnical systems design.
DesignQA: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models on Questions Grounded in Engineering Documentation
Authors: Doris Anna C. , Grandi Daniele , Tomich Ryan , Alam Md Ferdous , Cheong Hyunmin , Ahmed Faez 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research introduces DesignQA, a novel benchmark aimed at evaluating the proficiency of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in comprehending and applying engineering requirements in technical documentation. Developed with a focus on real-world engineering challenges, DesignQA uniquely combines multimodal data — including textual design requirements, CAD images, and engineering drawings — derived from the Formula SAE student competition. Different from many existing MLLM benchmarks, DesignQA contains document-grounded visual questions where the input image and input document come from different sources. The benchmark features automatic evaluation metrics and is divided into segments — Rule Comprehension, Rule Compliance, and Rule Extraction — based on tasks that engineers perform when designing according to requirements. We evaluate state-of-the-art models like GPT4 and LLaVA against the benchmark, and our study uncovers the existing gaps in MLLMs’ abilities to interpret complex engineering documentation. Key findings suggest that while MLLMs demonstrate potential in navigating technical documents, substantial limitations exist, particularly in accurately extracting and applying detailed requirements to engineering designs. This benchmark sets a foundation for future advancements in AI-supported engineering design processes. DesignQA is publicly available at: https://github.com/anniedoris/design_qa/.
Using Design Insights From Customer Feedback to Advance Design for Repairability
Authors: Franz Claire , Saidani Michael , Song Hyeonik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Design for repairability is an important design practice to increase the useful life of consumer products and decrease environmental impact. Current design for repairability guidelines include general practices that can be applied to a range of products across industries. However, these guidelines lack device-specific insights. This research proposes a methodology for extracting repairability design insights from customer feedback. This would help repair-conscious designers identify device components that may need redesign and/or prioritize components to offer as replacement parts. In this research, standalone computer keyboards are examined as a case study. This approach includes a repairability keyword list to extract repairability-related phrases from Amazon product reviews. Topic modeling is performed with Non-Negative Matrix Factorization and BERTopic to assess device failure modes for computer keyboards. The repairability-related phrases are used to manually compare the repairability of three different keyboards. The proposed method identifies several failure modes for computer keyboards, such as sticky keys, Bluetooth disconnection, keyboard leg breakage, and instability in the keyboard base. This research indicates that topic modeling is a promising approach for obtaining repairability-related design leads from customer feedback.