bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acanthamoeba keratitis related to contact lens in a tertiary hospital in China
Authors: Li Weiwei , Wang Zhiqun , Qu Jinghao , Zhang Yang , Sun Xuguang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Backgroud To report the clinical and microbiological features of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) related to contact lens in a tertiary hospital in China. Methods In this retrospective study, medical results of 61 cases of AK related to contact lens were reviewed from January 2000 to December 2017. The data included patients’ demographics, lens type, history, risk factors, the disease stages, reports of corneal scrapings and culture, treatment. Moreover, the genotype identification of part of these isolates was carried out with a PCR assay and sequence analysis of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene. Results There were 64 eyes included in the study. And 32.8% of cases wore soft contact lenses, 67.2% of patients used overnight orthokeratology. In the cases (20eyes) of early stage, 65% (13 eyes) had positive results in Giemsa stained smears, trophozoites were seen in 7 eyes (35%) in 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) wet mounts. Six eyes (30%) were diagnosed by confocal microscopy together with clinical sign. In the orthokeratology patients, 87.8% (36/41) of cases rinsed the lenses and/or cases with tap water, while 55% of soft lens wearers wore their lens during showering. The genotype of 9 isolates was determined, all the strains belonged to genotype T4. In the orthokeratology related cases, patients required therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty after 2005 were less than before 2005 (Chi-square test, χ2= 4.209，P = 0.04). Conclusions More than two thirds of cases were associated with orthokeratology. The examinations of Giemsa stained smears, 0.9% NaCl wet mounts and confocal microscopy should be done for the highly suspected cases of early stage to help the early diagnosis. The rate of therapeutic keratoplasty was decrease after 2005 compare with before 2005 in the cases of orthokeratology.
A randomized, double-blind study of the ultrasound assessment of the effect of pharyngeal packing on perioperative gastric volume in nasal surgery
Authors: Temel Mehmet Emrah , TOTOZ Tolga , ERKALP KEREM , TEMEL Gulen Safiye , SELCAN Aysin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Pharyngeal packing (PP) is commonly performed to reduce the incidence of perioperative blood ingestion (PBI) in nasal surgery (NS), and thus the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study examined the effects of PP on the perioperative gastric volume (GV) and PONV in patients undergoing NS, by ultrasound assessment.
Methods: Patients undergoing elective NS [septoplasty, septo-rhinoplasty (SRP) and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)] were randomised to receive or not receive PP. In the PP group, pharyngeal packs were placed after the orotracheal intubation. Ultrasound assessments were performed for all patients preoperatively (before the anaesthesia induction) and postoperatively (before the extubation). The antero-posterior (AP) and cranio-caudal (CC) antral diameters, antral cross-sectional area (ACSA), and total GV were calculated. PONV incidence and severity were rated. These variables were compared between timepoints and groups, and in the subgroup analyses according to the surgery type. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess correlations between the variables.
Results: AP and CC diameters and ACSAs were greater postoperatively than preoperatively in the PP and non-PP groups (n = 44 each; all p < 0.05). Postoperative AP and CC diameters and the ACSA were greater in the non-PP than in the PP group (all p < 0.05). Postoperative AP diameters were greater than preoperatively in patients undergoing SRP and FESS, and the postoperative CC diameter and ACSA were greater than preoperatively in patients undergoing SRP (all p < 0.05). Surgery duration was correlated positively with postoperative AP diameter (r = 0.380, p < 0.05), CC diameter (r = 0.291, p < 0.05), and ACSA (r = 0.369, p < 0.05). Patients who underwent septoplasty surgery, PP was decreased PONV incidence and severity at the first four hours, postoperatively (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The study findings indicate that PP reduces the increase in the perioperative GV due to PBI in an elective NS. It is therefore a useful and safe means of reducing the risk of perioperative pulmonary aspiration in such surgeries.
Determinants of microbiological quality of drinking water in refugee camps and host communities in Gambella Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Getachew Kabew , Mengistie Bezatu , Sahilu Geremew , Mulat Worku , Kloos Helmut 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Inadequate improved water supply and sanitation, particularly in refugee camps contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. The study objective was to assess determinants of microbiological quality of drinking water in refugee camps and host communities in Gambella Region, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2016 based on structured questionnaire-based interviews and testing household water using the portable Potatest+ water quality testing kit. Data were analyzed and P values &lt;0.05 with 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered statistically significant. Results showed there were significant differences in fecal coliform count (P value = 0.009) and free residual chlorine concentration (P value = 0.01) between the source and stored water samples. Surface water source, water shortages in the previous month, and unavailability of free residual chlorine and caregivers without formal education were the main determinants of microbiological quality of stored water. Stored water was contaminated in many households in both the refugee and host communities. Designing and implementing appropriate community education and effective hygiene promotion programs are essential in improving community knowledge of water contamination and reducing diarrhea prevalence among under-five children in refugee camps and host communities in Gambella Region.
Ketalar Anesthesia in Surgical Operations: An Experience of Sierra Leone
Authors: ALİMOĞLU Orhan , LEBLEBİCİ Metin , ATAK Tuba , SAĞIROĞLU Jülide , YILMAZ Yadigar , TOMBALAK Ercüment , DEMİRCİ Elif , KARAMAN Muhammet İhsan 
Published: June 2019

Introduction High dose of
ketamine is administered in general anesthesia and low dose is used to induce
analgesia. Intravenous ketamine is usually used for hernia repair as well as
cutaneous interventions in general surgery, for dilatation and curettage in
gynecology, and hydrocele repair in urology.Materials and
Methods This study
reports the outcomes of 49 patients who had been operated by volunteering
surgical team of Doctors Worldwide in Sierra Leone during 10th to 16th
of March 2014. Demographic features of all patients and surgical methods were
recorded. All patients were operated on under ketamine anesthesia.Results Five female and
44 male patients with mean age of 36.8+17.8 were operated. One patient
had umbilical, 1 had epigastric, and 35 had giant inguinal hernias. Umbilical
and epigastric hernias underwent primary repair. Inguinal hernias were right
sided in 19, and left sided in 16 patients. Twenty-eight patients had indirect
hernias, while 6 had direct and 1 had bilateral hernias. None of the patients
appeared with either obstruction or strangulation. Four patients in pediatric
age with hernia underwent high ligation. In adult age group, 28 patients were
operated by wall darn repair, and 3 had Bassini repair. Four patients had been
diagnosed with right sided, and 4 left sided giant hydroceles all of which
underwent Winkelmann procedure. One patient had orchiectomy for a right sided
testicular mass; 1 had resection of an inguinal tumor; 1 excision of lipoma in
the neck, and 1 excision of a solid mass in the left labium majus. None of the
patients had complications related to anesthesia.Conclusion

Safe and
effective sedation by low dose intravenous administration of ketamine and
midazolam is beneficial in surgical procedures, especially in field conditions
where general anesthesia is not applicable.
Ayrık Otuna Yer Açmak: Geleneksel Tıp ve Hasta-Hekim İlişkisi Üzerine
Authors: KARA Mahmut Alpertunga 
Published: June 2019

Amaç Bu çalışmada hasta–hekim ilişkisinde potansiyel fayda ve zararları yeterince araştırılmamış olan geleneksel tıp metotlarına karşı uygun bir yaklaşım belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler Türkiye’de ve dünyada geleneksel tıp metotlarına olan genel yönelim, bitkisel tedavilerin klinik tedavilerle etkileşimi ve bunun muhtemel sonuçları ile ortalama hastanın bu konudaki tavrı incelenip tartışılarak mantıki sonuçlara varılmıştır.BulgularDünyada ve Türkiye’de geleneksel tıp metotlarının kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Halkın, medyanın ve özel sektörün bu metotların kullanımına sıcak baktığı gerçeği göz önüne alındığında bu tersine çevrilebilir bir süreç gibi görünmemektedir. Hekimler ise konu hakkında yeterince bilgi ve farkındalık sahibi değildir.Tartışma ve SonuçBu gidişat halk sağlığını olumsuz etkileyebilir. Sorun çok yönlü olduğu için, çok yönlü bir çözüm stratejisine ihtiyaç vardır. Bu gibi yapısal sorunların çözümü uzun zaman alabilir; ancak hekimlerin konuya yapıcı yaklaşması pratik bir çözüm olarak durumu iyiye götürebilir.
Dimethyloxallyl Glycine-Incorporated Borosilicate Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Improving Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis in Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects
Authors: Jin Xiangyun , Han Dan , Tao Jie , Huang Yinjun , Zhou Zihui , Zhang Zheng , Qi Xin , Jia Weitao 
Published: June 2019

Background:
In the field of bone tissue engineering, there has been an increasing interest in
biomedical materials with both high angiogenic ability and osteogenic ability. Among various osteogenesis
materials, bioactive borosilicate and borate glass scaffolds possess suitable degradation rate
and mechanical strength, thus drawing many scholars’ interests and attention.

Objective:
In this study, we fabricated bioactive glass scaffolds composed of borosilicate 2B6Sr using
the Template-Method and incorporated Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a small-molecule angiogenic
drug possessing good angiogenic ability, to improve bone regeneration.

Methods:
The in-vitro studies showed that porous borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds released slowly,
a steady amount of DMOG and stimulated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone
marrow stromal cells hBMSCs.

Results:
In-vivo studies showed that the borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds could significantly promote
new bone formation and neovascularization in rats’ calvarial bone defects.

Conclusion:
These results indicated that DMOG-incorporated bioactive glass scaffold is a successful
compound with excellent angiogenesis-osteogenesis ability, which has favorable clinical prospects.
Genetic Study of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Escherichia Coli Causing Sepsis among Egyptian Children
Authors: Zaki Maysaa , El-Halaby Hanan , Elmansoury Eman , Zeid Mayada , Khaled Khaled , Nomir Manal 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Treatment failure of sepsis caused by Escherichia coli (E. Coli) is a leading cause of death of infants and children in intensive care units.

Objective:
To detect the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-genes between E. coli isolates from infants and children with septicemia and to identify their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study performed on 88 patients with sepsis. The isolated E. coli were identified by Gram stain and biochemically by the Microscan automated system. ESBL and carbapenemase producing E. coli were isolated on double disk diffusion and EDTA double disk, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction for ESBL and carbapenemase producing E. coli genes were performed. Bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics was tested. The initial results were measured through the 30-days of hospital admission. IRB approved the study.

Results:
Of 88 patients with sepsis, 49 and 30 strains were ESBL producing and carbapenemase producing E. coli; respectively. Neither risk factors for infection nor clinical picture can differentiate between ESBL and carbapenemase producing E. coli. The most frequently detected gene of ESBL producing E. coli was SHV, it was more sensitive to Piperacillin/Tazobactam (90%) and cefepime (86.7%) while for carbapenemase-producing E. coli; IMP was the most frequent, its sensitivity was high to Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Ciprofloxacin (52.6% each).

Conclusion:
The commonest gene of ESBL producing E. coli is SHV whereas for carbapenemase-producing E. coli is IMP. Piperacillin/Tazobactam is the candidate drug to start in children with septicemia and suspected ESBL or carbapenemase-producing E. coli infection.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Raw Meat and Ghanaian Coin Currencies at Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana: The Public Health Implication
Authors: Anning Alberta S. , Dugbatey Arnold A. , Kwakye-Nuako Godwin , Asare Kwame K. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
The emergence and upsurge of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae in the environment is a cause of concern as this can result in an outbreak and spread to healthcare settings. MDR Enterobacteriaceae have been associated with high morbidity and mortality due to delay in selecting and delivering active therapy in time.

Aims & Objectives:
The study was conducted to investigate the level of contamination of raw meat and Ghanaian coins in circulation at Cape Coast Metropolis. In all, 10 raw meat were sampled each from chevron and beef from Kotokuraba market, and 400 Ghanaian coin currencies retrieved from food vendors, students, transport operators and banks were used in this study.

Materials & Methods:
The Enterobacteriaceae species isolated were tested for their susceptibility to Ampicillin, Tetracycline (TET), Gentamicin (GEN), Cotrimoxazole (COT), Cefuroxime (CRX), Cefixime (CXM), Cefotaxime (CTX), Penicillin (PEN), Cloxacillin (CXC), Erythromycin (ERY) and Amikacin (AMK) antibiotics using Mueller-Hinton agar antibiotic diffusion technique. Of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae, 30% and 62% from chevron and beef respectively and 14.17%, 13.75% and 10.63% from food vendors, students and transport operators respectively showed resistance to some of the antibiotics tested.

Results & Discussion:
8.6% of the Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from chevon were resistant to CRXr-CHLr-AMPr-COTr-GEMr and 15.5% of CRXi-CHLi-AMPr-TETr-COTr from beef. 40.0% of E. coli isolated from coin currencies were resistant to CRXr-CHLr-AMPr-TETr-CTXr, 50.0% of Enterobacter spp to CRXr-CHLr-AMPr-TETr-CTXr, 16.67% of Proteus spp to CRXi-CHLi-AMPr-TETr-AMKi, 40% Pseudomonas spp to CRXr-AMPr-TETr-AMKi and 100% of Enterobacter spp to CRXr-AMPr-TETi-CTXr.

Conclusion:
The multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from circulating Ghanaian coins and raw meats in the Cape Coast metropolis is an indication of an impending danger which requires immediate attention to prevent a possible outbreak and spread from the society to the hospital setting.
Construct Validity Of Rorschach Space Responses
Authors: Rosso Anna Maria , Camoirano Andrea 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The diagnostic meaning of the Space response, a Rorschach variable, is far from established. Previous studies on Rorschach Space responses suggested that different figure-ground relationships, shown in the three subtypes of Space responses (Integration, Reversal, and Fusion), could indicate different psychological processes.

Objective:
The aim of the current study was to investigate the construct validity of Space responses in a nonclinical sample by exploring the association of the three different types of Space responses with (a) the observer-rated motor, emotional, and cognitive components of aggression; and (b) the direction and emotional regulation of aggression in socially frustrating situations.

Methods:
The Rorschach Inkblot Method and the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study were administered to 151 volunteers from a nonclinical community sample. The Aggression Questionnaire was administered as an observer-rated version to the participants’ mothers. Correlation analyses were performed to investigate the associations between the three different Space responses, the scores reported on the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study, and the observer-reported scores on the Aggression Questionnaire.

Conclusion:
This study offers support for differentiating the three types of mutually exclusive Space responses. Space reversal responses were found to be indicative of a propensity to direct aggression outward in the context of frustrating interpersonal situations, whereas Space fusion responses positively correlated with a greater amount of anger feelings and hostile thoughts associated with a deficit in anger and emotional regulation that may contribute to impair reality testing. As with previous studies, no association between S integration responses and anger or aggression was observed.
Structural Analysis of High-rise Buildings under Horizontal Loads: A Study on the Piedmont Region Headquarters Tower in Turin
Authors: Nitti Giuseppe , Lacidogna Giuseppe , Carpinteri Alberto 
Published: June 2019

Background:When a high-rise building is designed, the main aim is to limit transversal displacements. In addition, when vertical bracings, made up of thin open sections, are subjected to external torsion, warping and secondary torsional moment stresses arise which need to be evaluated using Vlasov’s Theory.Objective:This work analyzes the Piedmont Region Headquarters Tower, using an analytical formulation which enables the calculation of structural displacements and stresses.Methods:The analytical formulation used in the static and dynamic analysis of the structure was implemented using Matlab computation code. A computational model was also created using a commercial Finite Element Code to validate the results.Results:The results obtained with the analytical model were compared with those obtained with the FEM model. The transversal displacements, bending, torsional, and axial stresses in the vertical bracings were calculated, along with the principal natural frequencies of the structure.Conclusion:It has been proved that analytical calculation codes are a good tool for the preliminary design of a high-rise building. In particular, the proposed formulation, which has only three degrees of freedom per floor, provided results similar to those obtained using a FEM model. The great advantage of this analytical code is to speed up the computation time, which is proportional to the square of the degrees of freedom. In a FEM model, these have orders of magnitude greater than in the analytical model. Moreover, the proposed formulation allows the load distribution between the structural elements to be determined.
Association Between Endoscopic, Radiologic and Patient-reported Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Luukkainen A. , Numminen J. , Rautiainen M. , Julkunen A. , Huhtala H. , Lampi J. , Markkola A. , Myller J. , Andiappan A.K. , Wang D.Y. , Toppila-Salmi S. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps (CRSsNP) and with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) affect 10% and 1-4% of the general population respectively. Early detection and treatment of CRSwNP might prevent recalcitrant disease forms. The aim of this prospective controlled study was to evaluate association between endoscopic, radiologic, and self-reported CRSwNP, and a family history in defining CRSwNP.

Methods:
This study involved 73 CRS patients aged 18 years or over undergoing CRS-surgical consultation at the Tampere University Hospital. Data of sinus Computed Tomography (CT) scans and nasal endoscopy was obtained from patient records. Sixty controls ±allergic rhinitis underwent clinical examination. All subjects filled a questionnaire. Associations were analyzed by Chi square and adjusted regression models. The predictive performance of various parameters was assessed using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results:
A total of 33% of CRSwNP patients reported not having Nasal Polyps (NPs), while 18% of CRSsNP patients reported having NPs (p < 0.001). Radiologic Nasal Polyp (NP) score differentiated CRSwNP from CRSsNP with an AUROC of 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-1.00). The AUROC value for Lund-Mackay (LM) score was 0.84 (0.75-0.94). Positive family history of NP did not differ significantly between CRS and control groups. Family history of allergy or asthma was given with certainty, whereas CRS patients had uncertainty of reporting NPs in family compared to controls (adjusted OR=6.02, 95% CI 1.98-18.30, p = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that in situations where nasal endoscopy cannot be performed, early detection of CRSwNP could result from information obtained from sinus CT scans and patients, in comparison to family history which has lower predictive value. However validation studies with larger sample sizes are still needed.
Correlation of Some Trace Elements Serum Levels with Prostate Cancer Progression in Saudi Patients
Authors: Saleh Saleh A. K. , Adly Heba M. , A.Abdulkhaliq Altaf , M. Nassir Anmar 
Published: June 2019

Background:Trace elements, such as zinc, arsenic, cadmium and nickel are found naturally in the environment, and human exposure comes from a variety of sources, including air, drinking water, and food. Yet, there are a few studies of the association between trace element levels and prostate cancer in the country.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the changes in trace elements in prostate cancer patients with different levels of their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values.Methods:The study included 58 patients with prostate cancer aged 70 years and older, divided into 3 different levels of PSA. Full history and clinical data were recorded for all subjects. Blood samples from all subjects and levels of Se, Zn, Cd and Cu were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The odds ratio of trace element levels was adjusted in accordance with socioeconomic data, family history and supplements intake.Results:Mean Se and Zn levels in serum were significantly low (p<0.05) in all prostate cancer patients. The levels of serum Se decreased by 56%, 67% and 70%, while the levels of serum Zn decreased by 35%, 41% and 47%, in subjects with PSA of 5-10 ng/ml, 11-20 ng/ml and > 20 ng/ml, respectively. Cu levels were increased significantly in prostate cancer patients, while Cd levels had no significant difference between control and prostate cancer groups.Conclusion:This study emphasizes the importance of minerals intake during prostate cancer management and follow-up period. This highlights the importance of trace elements Zn and Se intake as food supplements for prostate cancer patients.