bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late‐phase human herpesvirus 6B reactivation in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Miura Hiroki , Kawamura Yoshiki , Hattori Fumihiko , Tanaka Makito , Kudo Kazuko , Ihira Masaru , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kojima Seiji , Yoshikawa Tetsushi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine whether late‐phase human herpesvirus 6B (HHV‐6B) infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients was associated with serious outcomes and mortality.MethodsThe occurrence and course of HHV‐6B infection was monitored for at least 60 days after transplant using virus isolation and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors for late‐phase HHV‐6B infection were examined, and the propensity score was calculated with significant risk factors. The inverse probability‐weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for mortality.ResultsLate‐phase HHV‐6B infection was observed in 12/89 (13.5%) of the HSCT recipients. Older age (OR: 10.3, 95% CI: 2.1/72.9, P = .0027), hematologic malignancy (OR: 10.3, 95% CI: 1.8/97.1, P = .0063), unrelated donor transplantation (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.1/36.0, P = .0345), and sex‐mismatched donor transplantation (OR: 6.3, 95% CI: 1.4/39.5, P = .0149) were identified as risk factors for late‐phase HHV‐6B infection. Fifteen subjects died (17%). Inverse probability‐weighted multivariable logistic model analysis revealed that late‐phase HHV‐6B infection was an independent risk factor for mortality (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.7/11.0, P = .0012). Among 5 of the fatal cases of late‐phase HHV‐6B infection, viral infection might be associated with severe clinical manifestations.ConclusionLate‐phase HHV‐6B infection in HSCT recipients was associated with worse outcomes. The full spectrum of clinical features of the infection has not been fully elucidated, and therefore, recipients with high‐risk factors for late‐phase HHV‐6B infection should be carefully monitored.
Cigarette smoke directly impairs skeletal muscle function through capillary regression and altered myofibre calcium kinetics in mice
Authors: Nogueira Leonardo , Trisko Breanna M. , Lima‐Rosa Frederico L. , Jackson Jason , Lund‐Palau Helena , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Breen Ellen C. 
Published: May 2018

Key points
Cigarette smoke components directly alter muscle fatigue resistance and intracellular muscle fibre Ca2+ handling independent of a change in lung structure.
Changes in muscle vascular structure are associated with a depletion of satellite cells.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake is substantially impaired in myofibres during fatiguing contractions in mice treated with cigarette smoke extract.
AbstractCigarette smokers exhibit exercise intolerance before a decline in respiratory function. In the present study, the direct effects of cigarette smoke on limb muscle function were tested by comparing cigarette smoke delivered to mice by weekly injections of cigarette smoke extract (CSE), or nose‐only exposure (CS) 5 days each week, for 8 weeks. Cigarette smoke delivered by either route did not alter pulmonary airspace size. Muscle fatigue measured in situ was 50% lower in the CSE and CS groups than in control. This was accompanied by 34% and 22% decreases in soleus capillary‐to‐fibre ratio of the CSE and CS groups, respectively, and a trend for fewer skeletal muscle actin‐positive arterioles (P = 0.07). In addition, fewer quiescent satellite cells (Nes+Pax7+) were associated with soleus fibres in mice with skeletal myofibre VEGF gene deletion (decreased 47%) and CS exposed (decreased 73%) than with control fibres. Contractile properties of isolated extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were impaired. In flexor digitorum brevis myofibres isolated from CSE mice, fatigue resistance was diminished by 43% compared to control and CS myofibres, and this was accompanied by a pronounced slowing in relaxation, an increase in intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, and a slowing in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake. These data suggest that cigarette smoke components may impair hindlimb muscle vascular structure, fatigue resistance and myofibre calcium handling, and these changes ultimately affect contractile efficiency of locomotor muscles independent of a change in lung function.
Lipopeptide Paenipeptin Analogues Potentiate Clarithromycin and Rifampin against Carbapenem-Resistant Pathogens
Authors: Moon Sun Hee , Huang En 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Two paenipeptin analogues at 4 μg/ml potentiated clarithromycin and rifampin against carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains. The combined treatment significantly increased their antibacterial efficacy in a microbiological medium and in human serum
in vitro
at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Moreover, these two paenipeptin analogues showed low cytotoxicity against a human kidney cell line. Therefore, combination therapy with paenipeptins may be an option for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Validation of prediction models for risk stratification of incidentally detected pulmonary subsolid nodules: a retrospective cohort study in a Korean tertiary medical centre
Authors: Kim Hyungjin , Park Chang Min , Jeon Sunkyung , Lee Jong Hyuk , Ahn Su Yeon , Yoo Roh-Eul , Lim Hyun-ju , Park Juil , Lim Woo Hyeon , Hwang Eui Jin , Lee Sang Min , Goo Jin Mo 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo validate the performances of two prediction models (Brock and Lee models) for the differentiation of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma (IPA) from preinvasive lesions among subsolid nodules (SSNs).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary university hospital in South Korea.Participants410 patients with 410 incidentally detected SSNs who underwent surgical resection for the pulmonary adenocarcinoma spectrum between 2011 and 2015.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUsing clinical and radiological variables, the predicted probability of MIA/IPA was calculated from pre-existing logistic models (Brock and Lee models). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were calculated and compared between models. Performance metrics including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were also obtained.ResultsFor pure ground-glass nodules (n=101), the AUC of the Brock model in differentiating MIA/IPA (59/101) from preinvasive lesions (42/101) was 0.671. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV based on the optimal cut-off value were 64.4%, 64.3%, 64.4%, 71.7% and 56.3%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV according to the Lee criteria were 76.3%, 42.9%, 62.4%, 65.2% and 56.3%, respectively. AUC was not obtained for the Lee model as a single cut-off of nodule size (≥10 mm) was suggested by this model for the assessment of pure ground-glass nodules. For part-solid nodules (n=309; 26 preinvasive lesions and 283 MIA/IPAs), the AUC was 0.746 for the Brock model and 0.771 for the Lee model (p=0.574). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were 82.3%, 53.8%, 79.9%, 95.1% and 21.9%, respectively, for the Brock model and 77.0%, 69.2%, 76.4%, 96.5% and 21.7%, respectively, for the Lee model.ConclusionsThe performance of prediction models for the incidentally detected SSNs in differentiating MIA/IPA from preinvasive lesions might be suboptimal. Thus, an alternative risk calculation model is required for the incidentally detected SSNs.
Is disability exclusion associated with psychological distress? Australian evidence from a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Temple Jeromey B , Kelaher Margaret 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the association between disability exclusion and psychological distress.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPopulation-based study of individuals living in households across Australia.ParticipantsRespondents were persons aged 15 and over living with a disability.Primary outcome measuresReporting an experience of discrimination or avoidance behaviour due to a respondent’s disability. High or very high levels of psychological distress measured using the Kessler K10 instrument.MethodologyUsing the Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, we calculated the prevalence of persons with a disability experiencing psychological distress, disaggregated by experiences of disability exclusion, including discrimination and avoidance. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association between disability exclusion and psychological distress, once extensive controls and adjustments for survey design and presence of psychosocial disabilities were considered.ResultsAbout 62% of persons citing an experience of disability discrimination were in psychological distress, compared with 27% of those citing no discrimination. Furthermore, 53% of those who actively avoided social, familial or economic activities because of their disability experienced psychological distress, compared with 19% of those who did not avoid these situations. After controlling for demographic characteristics and disabling conditions, reporting an experience of disability discrimination or disability avoidance increased the odds of psychological distress by 2.2 (95% CI 1.74 to 2.26) and 2.6 (95% CI 2.28 to 2.97) times, respectively. Those who experienced both avoidance and discrimination were 3.7 (95% CI 2.95 to 4.72) times more likely to be in psychological distress than those experiencing neither. Avoidance and discrimination in healthcare settings were also found to be strongly associated with experiencing psychological distress.ConclusionsGiven new policy initiatives to improve disability care, coupled with the increasing speed of population ageing, the onus is on governments and its citizenry to address disability exclusion to offset potential mental health impacts.
Partly randomised, controlled study in children aged 6–10 years to investigate motor and cognitive effects of a 9-week coordination training intervention with concurrent mental tasks
Authors: Santner Antonia , Kopp Martin , Federolf Peter 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionPhysical training may play a prominent role in the development of preadolescent brains, but it is yet to be determined what type of exercise may generate higher cognitive effects, and if concurrent mental engagement provides further efficacy. The aim of this study is to investigate motor and cognitive effects of a 9-week exercise intervention in children aged 6–10 years. Trainings include the automatisation of challenging coordination exercises with concurrent mental tasks (intervention group) and multisport exercises with and without mental tasks (two control groups). It is hypothesised that all groups gain motor and cognitive effects, but highest benefits are expected for the combination of automatised coordination exercises with mental tasks.Methods and analysisTwo elementary schools (∼500 students) take part in the study. Data are generated by using the German Motor Performance Test 6–18 (Deutscher Motorik-Test 6–18), TDS (Match 4 Point), d2-R test of attention and Kasel-Concentration-Task for Children Aged 3–8 Years; test-duration: 6–7 min. After pretesting in September 2017 and a 9-week training intervention, post-testing takes place in December 2017 and March 2018 (long-term effects). Training interventions consist of coordination exercises with concurrent mental tasks (intervention group) and multimotor exercises with and without concurrent mental tasks (control groups). Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to test for normal distribution and the Levene test for variance homogeneity. The appropriate multivariate statistical methods (multivariate analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test) will be used for analysing differences among the groups and for comparing preintervention with postintervention performances.Ethics and disseminationAll procedures have been approved by the board for ethical questions in science of the University of Innsbruck. Findings will be published in 2018 in international journals and presented at conferences. Schools will be informed of key results.
001 Ulnar neuropathy with abnormal non-localising electrophysiology: clinical, electrophysiological and ultrasound findings
Authors: Pelosi Luciana , Ming Yin Tse Dominic , Mulroy Eoin , Chancellor Andrew M , Boland Michael R 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionUlnar neuropathy with abnormal non-localising electrophysiology (NL-UN) is often associated with significant disability that is difficult to manage due to the absence of anatomically defining studies. We studied demographic, clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of NL-UN and used ultrasound in order to assist with classification and to examine the utility of ultrasound over and above the conventional electro-diagnostic approach.MethodNL-UNs were identified from 113 consecutive referrals to a single neurophysiologist with suspected ulnar neuropathy. All received systematic electro-diagnostic tests and ulnar nerve ultrasound. NL-UN severity was graded using clinical and electrophysiological scales.ResultsIn 64 of 113 referrals, an ulnar mononeuropathy was confirmed by electrophysiology. Sixteen of these 64 (25%) had NL-UN, predominantly males (14 out of 16 patients) with severe or moderately severe clinical and electrophysiological ratings in 81%. Ultrasound showed focal ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) in 13 out of 16, and diffuse ulnar nerve abnormality in three, and identified a likely or possible causative mechanism in 11 UNEs.ConclusionA quarter of ulnar neuropathies, as demonstrated by abnormal electrophysiology, were NL-UN, of heterogeneous aetiology; the majority were males with significant disability and axonal loss. Ultrasound had a significant role in localization and classification of NL-UN that facilitated management.
010 The melbourne mobile stroke unit substantially improves thrombolysis times and pre-hospital triage
Authors: Zhao Henry , Coote Skye , Pesavento Lauren , Langenberg Francesca , Desmond Patricia , Easton Damien , Bent Lindsay , Foster Shane , Stephenson Michael , Smith Karen , Bernard Stephen , Bladin Christopher , Cadilhac Dominique , Yan Bernard , Campbell Bruce CV , Parsons Mark , Donnan Geoffrey , Davis Stephen M 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionThe Melbourne mobile stroke unit (MSU) project is the first Australian pre-hospital stroke service that delivers on-scene imaging, treatment and triage. The MSU vehicle consists of a Mercedes Sprinter-5 chassis with on-board CereTom 8-slice portable CT scanner and telemedicine capabilities. On-board crew consists of a neurologist/telemedicine, nurse, radiographer and two paramedics (advanced-life-support and mobile-intensive-care). The MSU service is co-dispatched within 20 km of Royal Melbourne Hospital. We describe the service activity since project launch.MethodsData are sourced from the Melbourne MSU registry, an ongoing prospectively collected database of all MSU dispatched cases since November 2017.ResultsIn the first 50 operational days, there were a total of n=255 dispatches (5.1/day), of which 47% of patients received on-scene attendance. On-scene CT was performed on 52% of all attendances. Of n=29 suspected ischaemic stroke cases<6 hours of symptom onset (24% of attended), n=10 (34%) received pre-hospital thrombolysis and n=6 (21%) were directed for endovascular thrombectomy. 30% of patients were thrombolysed within 90 min of symptom onset. A total of n=7 (14% of all stroke) patients were recommended to bypass the closest hospital to a specialist centre for endovascular, neurosurgical or other services. The median scene-to-thrombolysis time of 36.5 min was substantially better than Australian in-hospital averages and represented an estimated 30–45 min time saving compared to in-hospital treatment.DiscussionThe Melbourne MSU project shows that pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients is feasible and associated with substantial time saving in providing acute stroke treatment and triage. Future research will focus on optimising MSU dispatch and cost-effectiveness analysis.
101 Dispelling the curse: improvement of ventilatory drive in central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome after medullary infarction
Authors: Fedi Marco , Shen Shi Hong , Campbell Bruce , Dutschmann Mathias , O’brien Terrence , Anstey James , MacIsaac Christopher 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionCentral alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (CAHS) is a rare complication of stroke affecting the medullary respiratory centre. CAHS is characterised by impaired ventilatory response to CO2 leading to hypoventilation, hyper-capnoea and coma. Experimental studies have linked this syndrome to areas in the dorsal and ventrolateral medulla. CAHS is associated with long-term invasive ventilatory support, high mortality and morbidity. It is unclear whether sensitivity to CO2 can improve after the initial ischaemic medullary insult.CaseA 78 year old woman presenting with CAHS secondary to a unilateral left posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction. MRI images confirmed that dorsal and ventrolateral medullary areas were affected. The patient was intubated initially for hyper-capnoeic respiratory failure and required a tracheostomy for ongoing respiratory support. To assess progress of respiratory recovery, we measured the patient’s ventilatory response to PaCO2 at 5, 7, and 14 days of admission. Parameters recorded included PaO2, ETCO2, PaCO2, pH, respiratory rate, and minute ventilation. During this time the patient underwent progressive periods of unsupported ventilation with close monitoring. Statistical correlation between respiratory rate and CO2 was measured by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R). Her RR initially did not increase with PaCO2 during spontaneous ventilation (R=0.2604 p=0.077). Apnoeic episodes were frequent up to 41 episodes per 30 min of observation lasting up to 30 s. On day 7(R=0.7203 p<0.05) and up to day 14 (R=0.6295 p<0.05), there was a progressive statistically significant improvement in positive correlation between PCO2 and respiratory rate. This was associated with a reduction in apnoeic episodes possibly reflecting a recovery in ventilatory drive.ConclusionThis is the first detailed report demonstrating spontaneous recovery in CO2 responsiveness in the setting of CAHS secondary to unilateral medullary stroke. Plasticity of structures such as the retro-trapezoid nucleus are likely to play a role in recovery of CO2 sensitivity.References. Harper, et al. Functional neuroanatomy and sleep-disordered breathing: implications for autonomic regulation. Anatomical record2012;295(9):1385–95.. Mishina, et al. Efficacy of tracheostomy for central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome caused by lateral medullary infarction. Journal of Nippon Medical School2014;81(4):276–84.
106 Post-traumatic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Gerbis Natasha , Parratt John , Liang Christina 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are immune-mediated demyelinating disorders affecting the brain and spinal cord. There are case-series of post-traumatic multiple sclerosis, but only one case-report previously of post-traumatic neuromyelitis optica.CaseA 57 year old man presented to hospital following a fall down two flights of stairs while intoxicated, and was found on CT to have small bi-frontal subdural haematomas, traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage, bilateral occipital contusions, and non-displaced fractures through the right parietal bone and bilateral petrous temporal bones. While agitated, he developed subacute onset of visual loss and paraplegia at day 22. An MRI spine at day 12 showed only degenerative changes. However a repeat MRI brain and spine at day 26 revealed enhancing longitudinally extensive optic nerve lesions, indicative of optic neuritis and an extensive segment of intramedullary enhancement within the mid to lower thoracic cord, consistent with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. A CSF sample revealed raised protein (9.81 g/L), elevated lactate (3.54 mmol/L), 1 red cell, 41 monocytes. CSF oligoclonal bands, aquaporin 4 antibodies, MOG antibodies, anti-neuronal antibodies and ACE were negative. Serum anti-neuronal antibodies, HTLV-1 and 2 serology, ANA, ENA, ACE, MOG and aquaporin 4 antibodies were also negative. Treatment with iv methylprednisolone, plasma exchange and mycophenolate led to recovery of gait at 2 months and ability to drive by 1 year. Patient remains stable at 2 year follow-up.ConclusionWe report a case of bilateral optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive thoracic transverse myelitis following a traumatic brain injury. The presentation was consistent with an NMOSD and the patient responded to immunomodulatory therapy. The hypothesis is that the traumatic brain injury led to a defect in the blood brain barrier, allowing autoantibodies to enter the CNS and incite inflammation.
109 Investigation of natural killer cell function and phenotypes in stable and active multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Khalilidehkordi Elham , Cabanas Helene , Eaton Natalie , Broadley Simon , Balinas Cassandra , Preez Stanley Du , Maksoud Rebekah , Staines Donald , Marshall-Gradisnik Sonya 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionPrevious studies have reported that impaired cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) activity. Furthermore, NK cell phenotype could be associated with new lesions on MRI. Cytotoxic activity of NK cells is determined by their phenotype and surface antigens. However, investigators are yet to comment on NK cell phenotype and cytotoxicity in MS patients with stable disease or recent disease activity compared to healthy controls (HC). This project investigates NK cell phenotype and cytotoxicity in MS patients with active and stable disease and in HC.MethodsSeven patients with relapsing remitting MS who have been stable on alemtuzumab for at least 6 months, five patients with active MS not on any medication and five HCs were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by centrifugation over Ficoll-Paque density gradient medium. Then NK cells were isolated using immune-magnetic negative selection. Isolated NK cells were labelled with antibodies to determine CD56Dim and CD56Bright NK cells and cytotoxic function determined using target cells (K562) and flow cytometry.ResultsOur study showed that there is no significant difference between phenotype and cytotoxicity in three groups of stable RRMS, active RRMS and HC.ConclusionIn previous studies, it has been suggested that CD56Bright NK cells are associated with stable disease and patients with large MRI lesions had reduced NK cell cytotoxicity. This finding raised the possibility of using NK cell as an indicator for disease activity. This study identified no significant difference between NK cell cytotoxicity or phenotypes between HC and MS patients with different disease activity. Given the small number of patients in this study, there remains a need for further studies on larger population to assess phenotype, cytotoxicity, cytokines and cell surface expression of NK cells.