bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family carers' perspectives of managing activities of daily living and use of mHealth applications in dementia care: A qualitative study
Authors: Rathnayake Sarath , Jones Cindy , Calleja Pauline , Moyle Wendy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the needs, barriers and challenges experienced by family carers of people with dementia concerning the management of their care recipients' functional disabilities, and their experiences and opinions of using mobile health (mHealth) applications in health information seeking.BackgroundFunctional disability is a significant problem among people with dementia and management can be challenging for family carers. Evidence suggests that mHealth applications can support knowledge needs of patients and families.DesignA qualitative descriptive exploratory study.MethodologyIn‐depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of family carers using a semi‐structured interview guide. An inductive thematic analysis method was used. The COREQ reporting guideline was followed.ResultsFive spousal and five child carers participated in this study. Four key themes were identified: (a) Challenges faced that contribute to psychological distress and burden; (b) Essential role of support systems in dementia care; (c) Information and educational needs of family carers, and (d) Experiences and attitudes of mHealth applications as an educational and supportive resource.ConclusionProviding functional care is demanding, challenging and stressful, and leads to carer burden. The complexity of dementia is a barrier in the organisation of functional care and access to a support network is vital to care provision. The information needs of family carers can potentially be addressed through an mHealth application.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides important information on family carers' needs, and the barriers and challenges related to functional care for people with dementia. Findings from this study can assist nurses and other health professionals in the planning of educational and supportive programs for family carers. Furthermore, the use of mHealth applications could positively contribute to the delivery of these programs.
Potential role of Hedgehog signaling pathway and myofibroblastic differentiation in central giant cell granuloma—A preliminary study
Authors: Melo Muniz Vinicius Rio Verde , Nunes Fábio Daumas , Xavier Flávia Caló de Aquino , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , de Almeida Freitas Roseana , Cury Patrícia Ramos , Gurgel Clarissa Araújo , dos Santos Jean Nunes 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated components of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway (SHH, GLI1), cyclin D1, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in central giant cell granulomas (CGCG). The relationship between these proteins and myofibroblasts was also studied.Material and methodsTwelve cases of non‐aggressive CGCG and 11 cases of aggressive CGCG were studied using immunohistochemistry for SHH, GLI1, Cyclin D1, and SMA.ResultsAssociations between all proteins in non‐aggressive and aggressive CGCG were not significant (P > .05). All cases of CGCG showed significantly higher expression of SMA compared with the other proteins (P < .01). A positive correlation (P = .04) was only observed between SHH and GLI1 for all cases of CGCG. Furthermore, a positive correlation between SHH and GLI1 in non‐aggressive CGCG (P = .04) and between GLI1 and cyclin D1 in aggressive CGCG (P = .03) were observed. There was also a negative correlation between the expression of SHH and SMA in non‐aggressive CGCG (P = .031).ConclusionsThis study provided insights into the activation of the HH signaling pathway in CGCG. In addition, the activation of this pathway (SHH and GLI1) might play some role in the differentiation of stromal myofibroblasts, although these markers including Cyclin D1 and SMA do not indicate aggressiveness of the CGCG. Furthermore, this myofibroblastic differentiation process would occur at the expense of maturation of these lesions.
Patient and Clinical Evaluation of Traditional Metal and Polyamide Removable Partial Dentures in an Elderly Cohort
Authors: Manzon Licia , Fratto Giovanni , Poli Ottavia , Infusino Emilia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate several clinical and functional parameters by administration of specific questionnaires to an elderly patient's cohort wearing three different types of removable partial denture (RPD): VALPLAST‐RPD (Polyamide VALPLAST), CoCr‐RPD (cobalt‐chromium alloy), and PMMA‐RPD (heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate).Materials and MethodsOne hundred twenty patients (mean age 73 years) were included in this study. All patients were treated with a removable partial denture for the maxillary arch. After 1 year of use, patients and clinicians were asked to compile specific questionnaire on patient satisfaction, including aesthetic, functional, and clinical outcomes. It was also evaluated whether the localization of the missing teeth according to Kennedy classification may affect these parameters. Categorical data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed by chi‐squared test.ResultsVALPLAST‐RPD was the most satisfactory aesthetically. Nevertheless, patients of VALPLAST‐RPD group reported increased difficulty in cleaning the prosthesis, roughness perceived by the tongue, and increased retention loss (p < 0.001). Patients with PMMA‐RPD claimed a higher level of encumbrance (p < 0.001) and increased speech difficulties (p = 0.002). Clinically, patients of VALPLAST‐RPD and PMMA‐RPD groups displayed redness of the mucosa area around abutment teeth (p < 0.001). Patients of VALPLAST‐RPD group had four cases of artificial teeth loss and two cases of discoloration. The position of missing teeth did not significantly influence any parameter.ConclusionsEach RPD material utilized may present advantages and disadvantages in an elderly population. VALPLAST‐RPD may be recommended to older patients with non‐extensive edentulous areas supported by anterior and posterior teeth, and not subjected to strong chewing loads. The main advantages are aesthetic satisfaction and easiness to insert and remove it.
Gathering consumer terminology using focus groups—An example with beauty care
Authors: Talavera Martin , Sasse Audra M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing consumer‐friendly terminology is essential for more impactful consumer research. As an example, focus groups are effective to gather emotional and attitudinal information in ways that surveys and questionnaires cannot. The objective of this study was to use situational exercises in focus groups to generate terminology about emotions and attitudes in beauty care. These terms can be used to aid the product development process and product communication. Women in the Kansas City area (N = 21), who use a variety of different beauty care products, were recruited for three focus groups of seven people each. The groups were divided by age group as follows: 18–35, 36–50, and 51+. Participants were asked questions regarding their behaviors behind their purchasing habits and use of beauty care products, both positive and negative. Women reported that when not using beauty care products, they felt tired, dirty, and self‐conscious. Contrarily, they reported feeling confident, clean, and beautiful when using products. They also mentioned the importance of ingredients. Women overwhelmingly wanted products to have more natural ingredients and to be created “cruelty‐free” (no animal testing). These qualitative techniques help understand the consumer so companies can better communicate with their target users.Practical ApplicationsThis article provides an example on the use of focus groups as a tool to rapidly gather relevant information about emotions and behaviors in the beauty care category. This technique is a fast way to gather rich information that could benefit a research and development team from two fronts: first, to a sensory or product development group to understand the relations between product characteristics and the emotional construct of consumers and perhaps provide a key into changing consumer behaviors and second, to a brand or marketing team to understand what their target users are saying so they can think about better ways to reach the consumer and communicate with them, in this case, within the beauty care industry.
Excess dietary tryptophan mitigates aflatoxicosis in growing quails
Authors: Khanipour Sousan , Mehri Mehran , Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani Farzad , Maghsoudi Ali , Assadi Soumeh Elham 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA biological assay was carried out to evaluate the impact of dietary tryptophan (TRP) in aflatoxin B1‐contaminated diets (AFB1‐D) on performance, blood parameters, immunity, meat quality and microbial populations of intestine in Japanese quails. Six experimental diets were formulated to include two levels of dietary TRP; 2.9 (moderate high: MH‐TRP) and 4.9 g/kg (excess: Ex‐TRP); and three levels of AFB1 (0.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg). Each experimental diet was fed to the one of the six groups of birds from 7 to 35 days of age in a completely randomized design with 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Decrease in feed intake, body weight gain and gain:feed in birds fed 5.0 mg/kg AFB1‐D was restored to the control level by 4.9 g TRP/kg of the diet. The hepatic enzymes in blood were elevated in quails fed on AFB1‐D but attenuated by 4.9 g TRP/kg of the diet (Ex‐TRP; p ≤ .01). High serum uric acid in birds challenged with AFB1 significantly decreased by Ex‐TRP (p ≤ .01). The skin thickness to 2,4‐dinitro‐1‐chlorobenzene challenge suppressed by AFB1 but increased by Ex‐TRP diet (p ≤ .02). The AFB1 increased the malondialdehyde in meat, whereas TRP efficiently diminished malondialdehyde production (p ≤ .01). The greatest drip loss and pH in meat were observed in the birds fed 5.0 mg/kg AFB1‐D but Ex‐TRP augmented the adverse effects of AFB1 (p ≤ .01). The Ex‐TRP reduced the total microbial and Escherichia coli counts (p ≤ .01). The adverse effect of AFB1 on ileal Lactic acid bacteria was completely prevented by Ex‐TRP (p ≤ .03). This study showed that tryptophan supplementation could be considered as a powerful nutritional tool to ameliorate the adverse effects of AFB1 in growing quails.
Bryophyte and macrolichen diversity show contrasting elevation relationships and are negatively affected by disturbances in laurel forests of Madeira island
Authors: Boch Steffen , Martins Anabela , Ruas Sara , Fontinha Susana , Carvalho Palmira , Reis Fábio , Bergamini Ariel , Sim‐Sim Manuela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractQuestionsStudies on bryophyte and lichen diversity patterns along elevational gradients are scarce, although this approach can serve as space‐for‐time substitution to predict diversity changes because of climate warming. Therefore, we investigated bryophytes and macrolichens in disturbed and undisturbed stands along an elevational gradient in the unique laurel forest of Madeira island by addressing the following questions: (a) how does the species richness of functional‐taxonomic bryophyte and macrolichen groups differ with elevation; (b) how is the species richness of these groups affected by disturbances?LocationUNESCO World Natural Heritage site laurel forest of Madeira island (Madeira, Portugal).MethodsWe analyzed species richness of bryophytes and macrolichens in 92 plots in response to elevation and to disturbances.ResultsBryophyte species richness showed a mid‐elevational peak, while macrolichen richness increased with elevation. Disturbed plots harbored on average 20% less bryophyte and macrolichen species than undisturbed plots.ConclusionsThe laurel forest of Madeira island is a bryophyte and lichen diversity hotspot. Our findings indicate future biodiversity threats by changing environmental conditions. This calls for the need for a strict protection status of the laurel forest on Madeira island to minimize human‐related disturbances, for the development of management measures that could mitigate climate change effects by maximizing habitat suitability and for the implementation of species conservation programs to prevent future extinctions, in particular of endemic species.
Origins of meteoritic nanodiamonds investigated by coordinated atom‐probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy studies
Authors: Lewis Josiah B. , Floss Christine , Isheim Dieter , Daulton Tyrone L. , Seidman David N. , Ogliore Ryan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo constrain the origins of meteoritic nanodiamonds, the abundance ratios of stable C isotopes in acid residues from the carbonaceous chondritic meteorite Allende CV3 were measured using coordinated atom‐probe tomography (APT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We combined our data with previously published APT data. A statistical analysis of this combined data set suggests an upper bound of 1 in 102 on the subpopulation that could have a large isotopic enrichment in 13C relative to 12C, consistent with the possible detection by secondary ion mass spectrometry of a similar enrichment in a 1 in 105 fraction, abundant enough to account for the Xe‐HL anomalous isotopic component carried by the acid residues. Supernovae are believed to be the source of Xe‐HL, leading to the mystery of why all other supernova minerals do not carry Xe‐HL. The lack of Xe‐HL in low‐density disordered supernova graphite suggests that the isotopically anomalous component is the nanodiamonds, but the disordered C in the residue is not ruled out. We discuss possible origins of the disordered C and implications of our results for proposed formation scenarios for nanodiamonds. At least 99% of the meteoritic acid residue exhibits no unambiguous evidence of presolar formation, although production with solar isotope ratios in asymptotic giant branch stars is not ruled out. Comparison of TEM and APT results indicates that a minority of the APT reconstructions may preferentially sample disordered C rather than nanodiamonds. If this is the case, a presolar origin for a larger fraction of the nanodiamonds remains possible.
A Microenterprise Initiative Among Newly Resettled Refugees in a City of the U.S. South: Challenges, Successes, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Idris Mussa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes the strengths and challenges of a microenterprise program developed for refugees in a city of the U.S. South region. By offering a microfinance loan of about $4,500 per client, the microenterprise program, run by a nonprofit resettlement agency (RA), hopes to provide economically poor and newly resettled refugees, who have no credit history with banks, with low‐interest loans and business training needed to get integrated into their new environment, become economically self‐sufficient, and contribute to the local economy. Nevertheless, the limited resources, dramatic shifts in new refugee policies, and the business, language and cultural integration skills that need to be learned by the newcomers present challenges that the microentrepreneurs and the RA are trying to overcome. Using semistructured interviews and ethnographic observations, information was collected from about three‐dozen in‐depth interviews between summer 2016 and spring 2017. Data from these interviews explicate the role of personal entrepreneurial agency and structural support by the RA. The study also highlights lessons learned by the RA and offers suggestions for the future. Thus far, most of the refugees who participated in the program have started microbusinesses that help them support their families and provide new services in the community where they live. They are also repaying their loans on time, in 95 percent of the cases.
The significance of overlooked objects: Materiality and care at home for people with dementia
Authors: Araujo Meiriele Tavares , Velloso Isabela Silva Câncio , Ceci Christine , Purkis Mary Ellen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn increase in the number of older people with dementia is currently a trend around the world. In low and middle countries, effective public health services are not yet well‐developed, and family care‐givers may be overwhelmed by the requirements of care. This paper has two purposes: to share findings from an ethnographic study about family dementia care practices in Brazil and to draw attention to the significance of the materiality of care practices in the family context. The study was conducted in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We describe the care trajectory of one family and, analysing data using the insights of Actor Network Theory, show the significance of objects in a networked relation of care. In particular, we show how incontinence products such as adult diapers assume different positions in the network, acting as either mediator or intermediary of care in relation to other elements of the network composed of family members and their living situation, the person with dementia herself, the doctor, and Brazilian health policies. Although the diaper is often seen as an ordinary object for care providers, its participation in a care network shapes relations, activating conflict, financial constraint, and disciplining the body of the person with dementia.
Glucosinolate and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis are linked by proteasome‐dependent degradation of PAL
Authors: Kim Jeong Im , Zhang Xuebin , Pascuzzi Pete E. , Liu Chang‐Jun , Chapple Clint 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Plants produce several hundreds of thousands of secondary metabolites that are important for adaptation to various environmental conditions. Although different groups of secondary metabolites are synthesized through unique biosynthetic pathways, plants must orchestrate their production simultaneously. Phenylpropanoids and glucosinolates are two classes of secondary metabolites that are synthesized through apparently independent biosynthetic pathways. Genetic evidence has revealed that the accumulation of glucosinolate intermediates limits phenylpropanoid production in a Mediator Subunit 5 (MED5)‐dependent manner.

To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this process, we analyzed the transcriptomes of a suite of Arabidopsis thaliana glucosinolate‐deficient mutants using RNAseq and identified misregulated genes that are rescued by the disruption of MED5.

The expression of a group of Kelch Domain F‐Box genes (KFBs) that function in PAL degradation is affected in glucosinolate biosynthesis mutants and the disruption of these KFBs restores phenylpropanoid deficiency in the mutants.

Our study suggests that glucosinolate/phenylpropanoid metabolic crosstalk involves the transcriptional regulation of KFB genes that initiate the degradation of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, which catalyzes the first step of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Nevertheless, KFB mutant plants remain partially sensitive to glucosinolate pathway mutations, suggesting that other mechanisms that link the two pathways also exist.
Anterograde His bundle activation during right ventricular overdrive pacing in supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Elbatran Ahmed I. , Zarif John K. , Tawfik Mazen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiation between atrioventricular nodal re‐entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular re‐entrant tachycardia (AVRT), and atrial tachycardia (AT) is often challenging during electrophysiology studies. This study compared the sensitivity and specificity of identifying anterograde His bundle activation during entrainment with commonly used right ventricular (RV) pacing maneuvers to differentiate between these types of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).MethodsOut of 112 consecutive patients with SVT, 90 (36 males [40%], age 37 ± 16 years) were prospectively studied. After entrainment during RV pacing, atrial response upon cessation of pacing, anterograde His activation during entrainment, stimulus‐atrial (SA), ventriculoatrial (VA) intervals, and post‐pacing interval minus tachycardia cycle length (PPI‐TCL) were determined. Ventricular extrastimulation during tachycardia and para‐Hisian pacing were performed.ResultsThe final diagnosis was AVNRT in 54, AVRT in 33, and AT in 3 patients. Entrainment was achieved in 87(96%) patients. Anterograde His bundle activation predicted AVRT (sensitivity: 62.5%, specificity: 100%). PPI‐TCL ≥129 ms predicted AVNRT (sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 84%), as did SA‐VA value ≥85 ms (sensitivity: 91%, specificity: 87%). Atria were advanced during transition zone in 57% of AVRTs. Atrial pre‐excitation in response to progressively premature ventricular extrastimuli identified AVRT (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 85%). Pre‐excitation index ≥87 ms identified AVNRT (sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 100%). Para‐Hisian pacing identified AVRT (sensitivity: 25%, specificity: 100%).ConclusionRV pacing maneuvers, applied in isolation, can misclassify a significant proportion of SVTs. Identifying anterograde His bundle activation during entrainment can complement other discriminators in differential diagnosis of SVT, with greatest sensitivity in septal and right‐sided accessory pathways.
Changes in cardiac function after renal transplantation in children: Significance of pre‐transplantation left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Masuda Toshiki , Hamasaki Yuko , Kubota Mai , Hashimoto Junya , Takahashi Yusuke , Muramatsu Masaki , Takatsuki Shinichi , Matsuura Hiroyuki , Sakai Ken , Shishido Seiichiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLVH is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular morbidity. However, few studies have evaluated the changes in cardiac function that occur in pediatric patients with ESRD undergoing RTx. Therefore, we assessed the changes in parameters associated with LVH in children within the first year after RTx. We retrospectively evaluated patients aged < 18 years who underwent initial RTx from April 2014 to December 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of LVH before RTx. Clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic parameters including the LVMI before and 1 year after RTx were evaluated in both groups. Twenty‐six patients were included in this study. Seven of the 26 patients had LVH before RTx. Among the echocardiographic parameters, the LVMI was significantly improved 1 year after RTx in the initial LVH group (57.79 ± 11.86 vs 42.20 ± 6.03 g/cm2.7, P = .018), while no change was observed in the initial non‐LVH group (32.66 ± 7.52 vs 35.17 ± 12.86 g/cm2.7, P = .376). Improvement of the ejection fraction was also observed only in the initial LVH group (66.5% ± 5.3% vs 72.2% ± 5.2%, P = .042). Children who had LVH before RTx showed significant improvements in the LVMI and ejection fraction even within 1 year after RTx. To minimize aggravation of cardiac function, early RTx should be considered for patients with LVH.
Molecular tools for preventing and improving diagnosis of peri‐implant diseases
Authors: Carinci Francesco , Romanos Georgios E. , Scapoli Luca 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPeri‐implantitis is an inflammatory disease of tissues surrounding osseointegrated dental implants. Inflammation affecting soft and hard peri‐implant tissues can cause alveolar bone resorption and subsequent implant loss. Clinical surveillance and early diagnosis are of paramount importance to reduce clinical failures and improve implant survival. Current diagnosis of implants is based on clinical and radiological signs. Molecular tests are an emerging diagnostic methodology, which potentially can help to detect and prevent early peri‐implantitis and monitor the efficacy of therapy as well. A plethora of potential biomarkers are potentially available to support the clinical diagnosis of peri‐implantitis. However, conflicting diagnostic conclusions have been reached, probably related to weak statistical results due to limited sample size or disease heterogeneity. The present paper reviews candidate diagnostic biomarkers for peri‐implantitis, including infective agents, genetic susceptibility factors, and key proteins related to inflammation and tissue remodeling.