bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High burden of human papillomavirus and premalignant cervical lesions among women starting HIV treatment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Naicker Nivashnee , Osman Farzana , Naidoo Kunthi , Bodley Nicola , Mbambo Nokuthandwa , Madlala Sibongile , Mhlongo Thobile , Mbatha Nomfundo , Maphumulo Andile , Munatsi Pedzisai , Radebe Precious , Liebenberg Lenine , Dorward Jienchi , Drain Paul K , Garrett Nigel 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer, a leading cause of female cancer mortality in South Africa and worldwide. We assessed the burden of, and factors associated with, HPV infection using a molecular assay and cervical cytology among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in South Africa.MethodsIn this cross-sectional analysis, WLHIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) underwent cervical Xpert HPV testing and liquid-based cytology. The Xpert test detects 14 high-risk (hr) HPV types reported in a pooled qualitative result. We evaluated clinical and sociodemographic variables and proportions between women testing positive and negative for hr-HPV, compared cytology with hr-HPV results and assessed associations with HPV positivity.ResultsWe enrolled 260 WLHIV, median age 31.0 (IQR 26.0–38.0) years. Overall, 91.3% of women were never screened for cervical cancer previously and none received HPV vaccination. In total, 67.3% (175/260) of women tested positive for any hr-HPV type, of which HPV16 and HPV18/45 were detected in 17.3% (45/260) and 22.7% (59/260) of women, respectively, and 56.5% (147/260) tested positive for 11 other hr-types. Of 258 WLHIV, 33.3% (86/258) had abnormal cytology: high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) 7.8% (20/258), low-grade SIL 24.0% (62/258) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance 1.6% (4/258). Of these, 93.0% (80/86) tested positive for hr-HPV: 30.0% (24/80) for HPV16, 31.3% (25/80) for HPV18/45 and 92.5% (74/80) for other hr-HPV types. Having a CD4 count<200 cells/µL was associated with hr-HPV infection (adjusted prevalence ratio 2.24; 95% CI 1.69 to 2.99 (p<0.001)).Conclusionshr-HPV infection and cervical abnormalities are common among WLHIV starting ART, especially those with low CD4 counts, highlighting that early HIV testing and treatment initiation must be prioritised together with cervical cancer screening. The diversity of hr-HPV types suggests a need for vaccines with expanded HPV type coverage in this setting.
Testing germination of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) from different study sites in the Niagara Region
Authors: Abass Madeline , Vasseur Liette 
Published: November 2024

Prior to 2014, the milkweed ( Asclepias spp.) was listed as a noxious weed, contributing to its population's decline in Canada. Considering its importance for the lifecycle of the threatened monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus), it has been de-listed, and efforts are in place to re-establish the populations. Seed propagation may assist in increasing the population, but germination is difficult. The objectives of this study were to (1) test the efficacy of three different germination protocols: cold stratification, mechanical scarification, and chemical treatment of ascorbic acid and (2) determine whether environmental conditions could potentially influence germination. Independent experiments were conducted in Petri dishes and in soil, from seeds collected from three sites. In both experiments, mechanical scarification was the most effective pre-germination treatment, followed by cold stratification (4 °C). Germination rates differed among sites with site 3 having the largest germination rate. The tallest seedlings with the largest number of leaves (height mean = 5.95, p < 0.05) were from site 2. Variability might be the result of maternal and environmental effects as plants were exposed to different light intensity and disturbance intensity. Future research should consider conducting genetic analysis on the influence of maternal environmental effects on seed germinability to improve propagation.
Spatial modeling and mapping of riverbank erosion through the integration of machine learning application and in situ data
Authors: Das Tinkle , Sil Briti Sundar , Ashwini Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Assessing riverbank erosion is crucial for identifying hazard zones and implementing protective measures from potential disasters. Traditional in situ measurements, though effective, are often costly and time-consuming for large-scale evaluations. This study proposes a methodology integrating machine learning (ML) applications to assess riverbank erosion across an entire area using existing submerged jet erosion test (JET) measurements. In situ JETs were used to measure the bank erosion rate at each site, identify influencing factors, and randomly split datasets for training and testing. Four ML techniques, random forest (RF), decision trees, multiple linear regression, and gradient boosting regressor, are applied to establish the correlation between riverbank erosion and its influencing factors. The RF model demonstrated the highest accuracy ( R2 = 0.94, root-mean-squared error = 3.04, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.93) among all algorithms, and the optimal model was applied to predict and map annual erosion rates, which were validated with additional submerged JET data. The proposed methodology can effectively model and map riverbank erosion in similar settings.
Thermodynamics of AdS-Schwarzschild-like black hole in loop quantum gravity
Authors: Wang Rui-Bo , Ma Shi-Jie , You Lei , Tang Yu-Cheng , Feng Yu-Hang , Hu Xian-Ru , Deng Jian-Bo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe obtained the metric of the Schwarzschild-like black hole with loop quantum gravity (LQG) corrections in anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-time, under the assumption that the cosmological constant is decoupled in LQG. We investigated its thermodynamics, including the equation of state, criticality, heat capacity, and Gibbs free energy. The $$P-v$$

P
-
v

graph was plotted, and the critical behavior was calculated. It was found that, due to the LQG effect, the quantum-corrected Schwarzschild-AdS black hole exhibits a critical point and a critical ratio of 7/18, which differs from the Reissner–Nordstr$$\ddot{\textrm{o}}$$

o
¨

m-AdS black hole’s ratio of 3/8 (the same as that of the Van der Waals system) slightly. However, there are still some similarities compared to the Van der Waals system, such as the same critical exponents and a similar $$P-v$$

P
-
v

graph. Moreover, it is concluded that the energy-momentum tensor related to the black hole’s mass could violate the conventional first law of thermodynamics. This modified first law may violate the conservation of Gibbs free energy during the small black hole-large black hole phase transitions, potentially indicating the occurrence of the zeroth-order phase transition. The Joule–Thomson expansion was also studied. Interestingly, compared to the Schwarzschild-AdS black hole, the LQG effect leads to inversion points. The inversion curve divides the $$\left( P,T\right) $$

P
,
T

coordinate system into two regions: a heating region and a cooling region, as shown in detail by the inversion curves and isenthalpic curves. The results indicated that there is a minimum inversion mass, below which any black hole will not possess an inversion point.
Hawking radiation at the zero temperature limit
Authors: Düztaş Koray 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe show that the thermal radiation derived by Hawking can be smoothly extended to the $$T=0$$

T
=
0

limit for Kerr black holes. The emission of the modes with $$\omega > m\varOmega $$

ω
>
m
Ω

comes to a halt as the surface gravity vanishes. However, Kerr black holes smoothly continue to radiate both in bosonic and fermionic modes with $$\omega < m\varOmega $$

ω
<
m
Ω

, at the $$T=0$$

T
=
0

limit. We derive explicit expressions for the absorption probabilities which imply that the highest rate of emission pertains to the modes with $$\omega =(m\varOmega )/2$$

ω
=
(
m
Ω
)
/
2

, both for bosonic and fermionic cases. At the zero limit of thermal radiation, the number of emitted particles vanishes as $$\omega \rightarrow 0$$

ω
→
0

, which strictly differentiates it from the non-thermal radiation of soft particles by extremal Kerr black holes. We also note that the thermal radiation at the zero limit, drives the black hole away from extremality in accord with the third law and the cosmic censorship conjecture.
The process $$gg\rightarrow h^0 Z^{*}$$ in the inverted hierarchy scenario of the 2HDM type-I at the LHC
Authors: Akeroyd A. G. , Alanazi S. , Moretti S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile searching at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the production and decay of the CP-odd scalar ($$A^0$$

A
0

) in the 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) with Natural Flavour Conservation (NFC) via the channels $$gg\rightarrow A^0$$

g
g
→

A
0

(through one-loop triangle diagrams) and $$A^0\rightarrow h^0 Z^*$$

A
0

→

h
0

Z
∗

(with $$m_{h^0} =125$$

m

h
0

=
125

GeV or $$m_{h^0} < 125$$

m

h
0

<
125

GeV, with Z off-shell), respectively, a factorisation of the two processes is normally performed, with the $$A^0$$

A
0

state being on-shell. While this approach is gauge-invariant, it is not capturing the presence of either of the following two channels: $$gg\rightarrow Z^*\rightarrow h^0Z^*$$

g
g
→

Z
∗

→

h
0

Z
∗

(through one-loop triangle diagrams) or $$gg\rightarrow h^0Z^*$$

g
g
→

h
0

Z
∗

(through one-loop box diagrams). As the resolution of the $$A^0$$

A
0

mass cannot be infinitely precise, we affirm that all such contributions should be computed simultaneously, whichever the $$h^0$$

h
0

($$Z^{*}$$

Z

∗

) decay(splitting) products, thereby including all possible interferences amongst themselves. The cross section of the ensuing complete process is significantly different from that obtained in the factorisation case, being of the order up to ten percent in either direction at the integrated level and larger (including changes in the shape of kinematical observables) at the differential level. We thus suggest that the complete calculation ought to be performed while searching for $$A^0$$

A
0

in this channel. We illustrate this need for the case of a 2HDM of Type-I in the inverted hierarchy scenario with $$m_{h^0}<125$$

m

h
0

<
125

GeV.
Free-silicic Acid Impedimetric Quantification of Orthophosphate in Seawater
Authors: Altahan Mahmoud Fatehy , Beltagi Amr Mohamed , Abdel-Azzem Magdi , El-Attar Mona A. 
Published: November 2024

In this study, we present a modified electrode, specifically the molybdate/carbon paste electrode (CPE), for the determination of orthophosphate in seawater. The molybdate/CPE modified electrode was successfully utilized for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of orthophosphate in a highly acidic medium with a pH of 0.8. Within the concentration range of 0.01 to 2 μM, the molybdate/CPE electrode demonstrated a very low limit of determination of 2.8 × 10−6 μM. To assess precision, concentrations of 0.02 and 0.1 μM were chosen, resulting in relative standard deviations of 3.93% and 4.11%, respectively. One potential interfering ion, silicic acid, was investigated for its influence on the reaction between molybdate ions and phosphate. Surprisingly, the presence of silicic acid did not affect the linearity of phosphate determination. Additionally, the repeatability of phosphate determination remained largely unaffected by the addition of different concentrations of silicic acid. This was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, which revealed no detectable silicon atoms on the electrode surface during the phosphate determination in the presence of silicic acid. Furthermore, a comparison was made between our method and the classical spectrophotometric assay. Our method exhibited good recovery values, further validating its effectiveness in orthophosphate determination.
Clinical Pharmacology of Cytokine Release Syndrome with T-Cell–Engaging Bispecific Antibodies: Current Insights and Drug Development Strategies
Authors: Radtke Kendra K. , Bender Brendan C. , Li Zao , Turner David C. , Roy Sumedha , Belousov Anton , Li Chi-Chung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a common acute toxicity in T-cell therapies, including T-cell–engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BiSp). Effective CRS management and prevention are crucial in T-BiSp development. Required hospitalization for seven of the nine approved T-BiSp and the need for clinical intervention in severe cases highlight the importance of mitigation strategies to reduce health care burden and improve patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the emerging evidence on CRS mitigation, management, and prediction. We cover different strategies for dose optimization, current and emerging (pre) treatment strategies, quantitative pharmacology tools used during drug development, and biomarkers and predictive factors. Insights are gleaned on step-up dosing and formulation effects on CRS and CRS relationships with cytokine dynamics and drug levels gathered through a review of T-BiSp licensing applications and emerging data from conferences and publications.
Comparison of Transcatheter Versus Surgical Tricuspid Repair Among Patients With Tricuspid Regurgitation: Two-Year Results
Authors: Shimoda Tomonari M. , Ueyama Hiroki A. , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Watanabe Atsuyuki , Gotanda Hiroshi , Kolte Dhaval , Latib Azeem , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Zajarias Alan , Elmariah Sammy , Takayama Hiroo , Tsugawa Yusuke , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Evidence is limited as to whether outcomes differ between patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR) treated with tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) versus surgical tricuspid valve repair. We aimed to compare outcomes between these 2 approaches.

METHODS:
We analyzed the data on Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 to 99 years with TR who underwent T-TEER or isolated surgical repair between July 2016 and December 2020. The primary outcome was 2-year all-cause mortality. Other outcomes included in-hospital mortality and permanent pacemaker implantation as well as 2-year heart failure hospitalization and tricuspid valve reintervention. A propensity score matching weight analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders.

RESULTS:

A total of 1143 patients were included (409 T-TEER versus 734 surgery). The proportion of T-TEER cases increased from 2% in the third quarter of 2016 to 67% in the last quarter of 2020 among all isolated TR procedures. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found no evidence that 2-year all-cause mortality differs between patients treated with T-TEER versus surgical repair (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.63–1.13]). Patients treated with T-TEER experienced lower in-hospital mortality (2.5% versus 12.5%,
P
<0.001) and permanent pacemaker implantation rates (0.0% versus 12.7%,
P
<0.001) than those treated by surgical repair. At 2 years, we found no differences in heart failure hospitalizations, but tricuspid valve reinterventions were more frequent in the T-TEER group (subdistribution hazard ratio, 8.03 [95% CI, 2.87–22.48]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among Medicare beneficiaries with TR, the 2-year mortality rate was comparable between T-TEER and surgical repair. T-TEER showed advantages in perioperative outcomes, including lower in-hospital mortality and pacemaker implantation rates, whereas tricuspid valve reinterventions were more frequent in the T-TEER group. Further studies are necessary to refine indications, patient selections, and optimal timing for intervention with either treatment strategy.
Operational Phased Array Radar Network for Natural Hazard Monitoring and Warnings in Urban Environments over the Greater Bay Area, China
Authors: Zhao Kun , Huang Hao , Lu Yinghui , Chen Haonan , Wu Chong , Zhao Guo , Zhu Yiqing , Tan Zhe-Min , Zhang Yu , Fu Peiling , Huang Xuanxuan , Pan Xiang , Liu Qiqing , Yang Zhonglin , Zhou Ang , Fan Xueqi , Hu Dongming , Chen Binghong , Hu Sheng , Lee Wen-Chau , Li Lin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The continuous development of modern Doppler weather radars has substantially augmented our capacity to monitor severe convective storms and gain insights into their dynamic and microphysical structures. Although conventional parabolic antenna-based S-band operational radars are valuable, they exhibit limitations such as low scanning speed and reduced information acquisition in the low atmosphere region, particularly at far ranges from the radar, leading to suboptimal observations of fast-evolving storms. To address these limitations, a dense X-band polarimetric phased array radar (PAR) network, consisting of more than 50 radars, has been strategically constructed and deployed in the Greater Bay Area in South China, which is currently the largest PAR network worldwide. The PARs exhibit satisfactory performance in hydrometeor classification, hail identification, and quantitative precipitation estimation, demonstrating reliable polarimetric data quality. The paper also presents compelling evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the PAR network in detecting the tornado vortex and capturing fine horizontal and vertical structures of convective storms when compared to nearby S-band operational radars. In addition, the assimilation of supplemental PAR data using the ensemble Kalman filter has yielded discernible vortex circulation fields for tornadic storms, enabling effective prediction of tornadogenesis, which is unattainable solely by assimilating S-band operational radar data. As the PAR network is put into operational use, significant advancements are anticipated in understanding and monitoring severe weather systems in South China.
The Relative Importance of Forced and Unforced Temperature Patterns in Driving the Time Variation of Low-Cloud Feedback
Authors: Lin Yuan-Jen , Cesana Grégory V. , Proistosescu Cristian , Zelinka Mark D. , Armour Kyle C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric models forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) suggest a trend toward a more-stabilizing cloud feedback in recent decades, partly due to the surface cooling trend in the eastern Pacific (EP) and the warming trend in the western Pacific (WP). Here, we show model evidence that the low-cloud feedback has contributions from both forced and unforced feedback components and that its time variation arises in large part through changes in the relative importance of the two over time, rather than through variations in forced or unforced feedbacks themselves. Initial-condition large ensembles (LEs) suggest that the SST patterns are dominated by unforced variations for 30-yr windows ending prior to the 1980s. In general, unforced SSTs are representative of an ENSO-like pattern, which corresponds to weak low-level stability in the tropics and less-stabilizing low-cloud feedback. Since the 1980s, the forced signals have become stronger, outweighing the unforced signals for the 30-yr windows ending after the 2010s. Forced SSTs are characterized by relatively uniform warming with an enhancement in the WP, corresponding to a more-stabilizing low-cloud feedback in most cases. The time-evolving SST pattern due to this increasing importance of forced signals is the dominant contributor to the recent stabilizing shift of low-cloud feedback in the LEs. Using single-forcing LEs, we further find that if only greenhouse gases evolve with time, the transition to the domination of forced signals occurs 10–20 years earlier compared to the LEs with full forcings, which can be understood through the compensating effect between aerosols and greenhouse gases.
Through the eyes of healthcare professionals: Compassion fatigue and earthquake stress coping strategies of healthcare professionals in the disaster region following the Kahramanmaras centered earthquakes: A case-control study
Authors: Emirza Elif Güzide , Uzun Sevda , Şenses Medine 
Published: November 2024

Background: Healthcare professionals serving in the earthquake zone may experience mental problems due to the traumatic events they witnessed. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of working in earthquake-affected areas on compassion fatigue and coping strategies for earthquake stress in healthcare professionals compared to a control group. Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in three provinces in the northern region of Türkiye. The sample of the study consisted of 146 healthcare professionals working in earthquake-affected regions and 143 healthcare professionals not working in earthquake-affected regions. Data were collected using the ‘Descriptive Information Form’, ‘Compassion Fatigue Short Scale (CF-SS)’, and ‘Coping with Earthquake Stress Scale (CESS)’. Descriptive statistics, t-test for independent samples, Pearson correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between healthcare professionals working in earthquake-affected regions and healthcare professionals not working in these regions in terms of CF-SS total scores, ‘occupational burnout’ sub-dimension mean scores and ‘seeking social support’ mean scores among CESS sub-dimension mean scores ( p < .05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the mean scores of ‘secondary trauma’ sub-dimension of CF-SS and total-CESS, ‘religious coping’, and ‘positive reappraisal’ ( p > .05). A high and positive correlation ( r = .805; r = .847; r = .847; r = .695, p < .001) was found between total CF-SS scores and total religious coping, positive reappraisal and seeking social support scores of the participants. In addition, working in the earthquake zone negatively affects positive reappraisal and positively affects seeking social support as a significant predictor (β = .081, OR = 0.922, p < .05; β = .111, OR = 1.117, p < .05). Conclusion: A significant positive relationship was observed between compassion fatigue and coping with earthquake stress. At the same time, it was determined that having worked in the regions affected by earthquakes had a strong positive effect on coping strategies with earthquake stress.
Influence of core stabilization exercise on physical function and muscle thickness in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Aycicek Hilal Busra , Karakayali Gurdal , Gurcay Eda 
Published: November 2024

Background This study primarily aims to compare the influence of core stabilization exercise and conventional therapy on motor function, functional independence, and balance, secondarily gait ability, quality of life, and sonographically evaluated core muscle thickness in patients with chronic stroke. Methods Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: core stabilization exercise therapy (CSET, n = 25) group received core stability training for 15 min and 30 min of conventional therapy each per day, and conventional exercise therapy (CET, n = 25) group received conventional therapy for 45 min per day, five days per week, for three weeks. Ultrasonography was performed to measure the thickness of the core muscles on both paretic and nonparetic sides. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after three weeks treatment. Results Functional Independence Measurement, Berg Balance Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale and core muscles thicknesses improved significantly in both groups except for the internal oblique muscle of CSET group. The nonparetic side multifidus muscle thickness was significantly different in favor of CSET group ( p = .033). Conclusions Conventional and core stabilization exercise therapies in patients with chronic stroke have positive effects on functional independence, balance and gait abilities, quality of life and core muscles thicknesses without being superior to each other.