bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Disorders of the Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Lamandé Shireen R. , Bateman John F. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTMutations in the genes for extracellular matrix (ECM) components cause a wide range of genetic connective tissues disorders throughout the body. The elucidation of mutations and their correlation with pathology has been instrumental in understanding the roles of many ECM components. The pathological consequences of ECM protein mutations depend on its tissue distribution, tissue function, and on the nature of the mutation. The prevalent paradigm for the molecular pathology has been that there are two global mechanisms. First, mutations that reduce the production of ECM proteins impair matrix integrity largely due to quantitative ECM defects. Second, mutations altering protein structure may reduce protein secretion but also introduce dominant negative effects in ECM formation, structure and/or stability. Recent studies show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused by mutant misfolded ECM proteins, makes a significant contribution to the pathophysiology. This suggests that targeting ER‐stress may offer a new therapeutic strategy in a range of ECM disorders caused by protein misfolding mutations. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Durchstanztragverhalten von Einzelfundamenten mit variierenden Durchstanzbewehrungsgraden
Authors: Kueres Dominik , Schmidt Philipp , Hegger Josef 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMit der bauaufsichtlichen Einführung des Eurocode 2 in Deutschland wurde die Durchstanzbemessung von Fundamenten und Bodenplatten neu geregelt. Für die Bemessung der Durchstanzbewehrung wird im Eurocode 2 unabhängig vom Bauteil ein 33°‐Fachwerk mit konstantem Betontraganteil vorgeschlagen. Aufgrund von Sicherheitsbedenken wurde im Deutschen Anhang zum Eurocode 2 (EC2+NA(D)) davon abweichend ein Aufhängefachwerk ohne Betontraganteil für die Bemessung der Durchstanzbewehrung in Fundamenten und Bodenplatten eingeführt. Während zur Bewertung der Bemessungsgleichungen für die Ermittlung der Durchstanztragfähigkeit von Fundamenten ohne Durchstanzbewehrung bzw. der maximalen Durchstanztragfähigkeit verschiedene Versuchsergebnisse vorliegen, fehlen bislang systematische Versuchsreihen an Fundamenten mit einem Durchstanzversagen innerhalb des durchstanzbewehrten Bereichs (Bemessung der Durchstanzbewehrung).Zur systematischen Untersuchung des Durchstanztragverhaltens von Fundamenten mit Bügeln als Durchstanzbewehrung wurden insgesamt drei Versuchsserien (elf Versuche) mit variierendem Durchstanzbewehrungsgrad durchgeführt. Dabei erfolgte die Variation der Durchstanzbewehrungsmenge über den Bügeldurchmesser. Weitere untersuchte Einflussparameter waren die Schubschlankheit und die statische Nutzhöhe. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die durchgeführten Versuche vorgestellt und die Versuchsergebnisse diskutiert. Durch den Vergleich der experimentell ermittelten Bruchlasten mit den rechnerischen Durchstanztragfähigkeiten nach Eurocode 2 und EC2+NA(D) können die bestehenden normativen Regeln bewertet werden. Darüber hinaus werden die Bemessungsregeln nach Model Code 2010 in die Bewertung mit einbezogen.
Direct and Oriented Conversion of CO2 into Value‐Added Aromatics
Authors: Wang Yang , Gao Weizhe , Kazumi Shun , Li Hangjie , Yang Guohui , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe oriented conversion of CO2 into target high‐value chemicals is an effective way to reduce carbon emissions, but still presents a challenge. In this communication, we report the oriented conversion of CO2 into value‐added aromatics, especially para‐xylene, in a single pass by combining core–shell structured Zn‐doped H‐ZSM‐5 (Zn‐ZSM‐5@SiO2) and a Cr2O3 component. Through precise regulation of the acidity of Zn‐ZSM‐5@SiO2, high para‐xylene selectivity (38.7 % in the total products) at a CO2 conversion of 22.1 % was achieved. Furthermore, a CO2‐assisted effect in the synthesis of aromatics during the tandem process has been clarified through a control experiment. The CO2 reactant can act as a hydrogen acceptor to accelerate the dehydrogenation of alkenes, intermediates in the synthesis of aromatics, thereby increasing the driving force towards aromatics in the tandem reaction process.
XANES/EPR Evidence of the Oxidation of Nickel(II) Quinolinylpropioamide and Its Application in Csp3−H Functionalization
Authors: Hao Wenyan , Sha Yuchen , Deng Yi , Luo Yi , Zeng Li , Tang Shan , Weng Yue , Chiang Chien‐Wei , Lei Aiwen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn in situ generated oxidation species of nickel quinolinylpropioamide intermediate was produced. Characterization by X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and EPR provides complementary insights into this oxidized nickel species. With aliphatic amides and isocyanides as substrates, a nickel‐catalyzed facile synthesis of structurally diverse five‐membered lactams could be achieved.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Pd@PtnL Core‐Shell Icosahedral Nanocrystals in High Throughput through a Quantitative Analysis of the Reduction Kinetics
Authors: Lee Chi‐Ta , Wang Helan , Zhao Ming , Yang Tung‐Han , Vara Madeline , Xia Younan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe rational design and implementation of a one‐pot method is reported for the facile synthesis of Pd@PtnL (nL denotes the number of Pt atomic layers) core‐shell icosahedral nanocrystals in a single step. The success of this method relies on the use of Na2PdCl4 and Pt(acac)2 as the precursors to Pd and Pt atoms, respectively. Our quantitative analysis of the reduction kinetics indicates that the PdII and PtII precursors are sequentially reduced with a major gap between the two events. Specifically, the PdII precursor is reduced first, leading to the formation of Pd‐based icosahedral seeds with a multiply‐twinned structure. In contrast, the PtII precursor prefers to take a surface reduction pathway on the just‐formed icosahedral seeds. As such, the otherwise extremely slow reduction of the PtII precursor can be dramatically accelerated through an autocatalytic process for the deposition of Pt atoms as a conformal shell on each Pd icosahedral core. Compared to the conventional approach of seed‐mediated growth, the throughput for the one‐pot synthesis of Pd@PtnL core‐shell nanocrystals can be increased by more than 30‐fold. When used as catalysts, the Pd@Pt4.5L core‐shell icosahedral nanocrystals show specific and mass activities of 0.83 mA cm−2 and 0.39 A mgPt−1, respectively, at 0.9 V toward oxygen reduction. The Pt‐based nanocages derived from the core‐shell nanocrystals also show enhanced specific (1.45 mA cm−2) and mass activities (0.75 A mgPt−1) at 0.9 V, which are 3.8 and 3.3 times greater than those of the commercial Pt/C, respectively.
“You probably can’t feel as safe as normal women”: Hispanic women’s reactions to breast density notification
Authors: Pacsi‐Sepulveda Alsacia L. , Shelton Rachel C. , Rodriguez Carmen B. , Coq Arielle T. , Tehranifar Parisa 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundPatient advocacy has led to state‐level legislative mandates for the release of personal mammographic breast density information to women undergoing screening mammography. More research is needed to understand the impact of this information on women’s perceptions and mammography screening behavior.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted in English and Spanish with 24 self‐identified Hispanic women who had undergone at least 1 mammogram since breast density notification was enacted in New York State. The women ranged in age from 43 to 63 years. Women were asked about their understanding and perceptions of the communication of New York State‐mandated breast density information, and any actions they have taken or would take in response to this information. A content analysis of the qualitative data from the translated and transcribed interviews was conducted.ResultsThe majority of participants had no prior knowledge of breast density and expressed confusion and apprehension regarding the meaning of dense breasts when presented with the notification information. Many participants understood having dense breasts to be a serious and abnormal condition, and reported feelings of worry and vulnerability. Participants mostly expressed a strong interest in learning about breast density and obtaining additional and more frequent breast cancer screening tests. These behavioral intentions were consistent with participants’ overall favorable view of breast cancer screening and a belief that their faith, as well as regular screening, can help to protect them from breast cancer morbidity and mortality.ConclusionsHispanic women conveyed proactive breast cancer screening intentions in response to breast density notification, despite inadequate comprehension of this information and negative emotional responses.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Containing A Pyrrolopyridazine Core
Authors: Richter Marcus , Fu Yubin , Dmitrieva Evgenia , Weigand Jan J. , Popov Alexey , Berger Reinhard , Liu Junzhi , Feng Xinliang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides (PAMYs) are versatile building blocks for the bottom‐up construction of unprecedented nitrogen‐containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N‐PAHs). Here, we demonstrate the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between PAMY and 1,4‐diphenylbut‐2‐yne‐1,4‐dione and the subsequent condensation reaction with hydrazine, which led to unique N‐PAHs with a phenyl‐substituted pyrrolopyridazine core (PP‐1 and PP‐2). The molecular structures of pristine PP‐1 and tert‐butyl‐substituted PP‐2 were verified by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Moreover, the structure of PP‐2 was unambiguously elucidated by X‐ray single crystal analysis. The optoelectronic properties were investigated by solvent‐dependent UV‐Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that PP‐1 and PP‐2 exhibit push–pull behavior. Furthermore, in situ EPR/UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroelectrochemistry allowed the detailed insight into the spectroscopic properties and spin distribution of radical cation species of PP‐2.
Selective Conversion of Cellulose to Hydroxyacetone and 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐Butanone with Sn–Ni Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Wang Haiyong , Zhu Changhui , Liu Qiying , Tan Jin , Wang Chenguang , Liang Zheng , Ma Longlong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe high‐value‐added chemicals hydroxyacetone (HA) and 1‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone (HB) were produced from agricultural waste over a Ni3Sn4‐SnOx catalyst. The Sn–Ni intermetallic compound and SnOx acted as the active sites for HA and HB production by selectively cleaving the target C−C and C−O bonds. Approximately 70 % of the total HA and HB yield was obtained by selective hydrogenolysis of cellulose. This strategy expands the application of cellulose towards renewable production of high‐value C3 and C4 keto‐alcohols from cellulosic biomass.
Modeling spatiotemporal abundance of mobile wildlife in highly variable environments using boosted GAMLSS hurdle models
Authors: Smith Adam , Hofner Benjamin , Lamb Juliet S. , Osenkowski Jason , Allison Taber , Sadoti Giancarlo , McWilliams Scott R. , Paton Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractModeling organism distributions from survey data involves numerous statistical challenges, including accounting for zero‐inflation, overdispersion, and selection and incorporation of environmental covariates. In environments with high spatial and temporal variability, addressing these challenges often requires numerous assumptions regarding organism distributions and their relationships to biophysical features. These assumptions may limit the resolution or accuracy of predictions resulting from survey‐based distribution models. We propose an iterative modeling approach that incorporates a negative binomial hurdle, followed by modeling of the relationship of organism distribution and abundance to environmental covariates using generalized additive models (GAM) and generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS). Our approach accounts for key features of survey data by separating binary (presence‐absence) from count (abundance) data, separately modeling the mean and dispersion of count data, and incorporating selection of appropriate covariates and response functions from a suite of potential covariates while avoiding overfitting. We apply our modeling approach to surveys of sea duck abundance and distribution in Nantucket Sound (Massachusetts, USA), which has been proposed as a location for offshore wind energy development. Our model results highlight the importance of spatiotemporal variation in this system, as well as identifying key habitat features including distance to shore, sediment grain size, and seafloor topographic variation. Our work provides a powerful, flexible, and highly repeatable modeling framework with minimal assumptions that can be broadly applied to the modeling of survey data with high spatiotemporal variability. Applying GAMLSS models to the count portion of survey data allows us to incorporate potential overdispersion, which can dramatically affect model results in highly dynamic systems. Our approach is particularly relevant to systems in which little a priori knowledge is available regarding relationships between organism distributions and biophysical features, since it incorporates simultaneous selection of covariates and their functional relationships with organism responses.
Application of a SSR‐GBS marker system on investigation of European Hedgehog species and their hybrid zone dynamics
Authors: Curto Manuel , Winter Silvia , Seiter Anna , Schmid Lukas , Scheicher Klaus , Barthel Leon M. F. , Plass Jürgen , Meimberg Harald 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBy applying second‐generation sequencing technologies to microsatellite genotyping, sequence information is produced which can result in high‐resolution population genetics analysis populations and increased replicability between runs and laboratories. In the present study, we establish an approach to study the genetic structure patterns of two European hedgehog species Erinaceaus europaeus and E. roumanicus. These species are usually associated with human settlements and are good models to study anthropogenic impacts on the genetic diversity of wild populations. The short sequence repeats genotyping by sequence (SSR‐GBS) method presented uses amplicon sequences to determine genotypes for which allelic variants can be defined according to both length and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To evaluate whether complete sequence information improved genetic structure definition, we compared this information with datasets based solely on length information. We identified a total of 42 markers which were successfully amplified in both species. Overall, genotyping based on complete sequence information resulted in a higher number of alleles, as well as greater genetic diversity and differentiation between species. Additionally, the structure patterns were slightly clearer with a division between both species and some potential hybrids. There was some degree of genetic structure within species, although only in E. roumanicus was this related to geographical distance. The statistically significant results obtained by SSR‐GBS demonstrate that it is superior to electrophoresis‐based methods for SSR genotyping. Moreover, the greater reproducibility and throughput with lower effort which can be obtained with SSR‐GBS and the possibility to include degraded DNA into the analysis, allow for continued relevance of SSR markers during the genomic era.
Production of nanocellulose by enzymatic hydrolysis: Trends and challenges
Authors: Ribeiro Ruan S. A. , Pohlmann Bruno C. , Calado Veronica , Bojorge Ninoska , Pereira Nei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is a great interest in increasing the levels of production of nanocellulose, either by adjusting production systems or by improving the raw material. Despite all the advantages and applications, nanocellulose still has a high cost compared to common fibers and to reverse this scenario the development of new, cheaper, and more efficient means of production is required. The market trend is to have an increase in the mass production of nanocellulose; there is a great expectation of world trade. In this sense, research in this sector is on the rise, because once the cost is not an obstacle to production, this material will have more and more market. Production of the cellulose fibers is determinant for the production of nanocellulose by a hydrolyzing agent with a reasonable yield. This work presents several aspects of this new material, mainly addressing the enzymatic pathway, presenting the hydrolysis conditions such as pH, biomass concentration, enzymatic loading, temperature, and time. Also, the commonly used characterization methods are presented, as well as aspects of the nanocellulose production market.
Histopathologic substrate of drug‐resistant epilepsy in older adults and the elderly undergoing surgery
Authors: Punia Vineet , Bena James , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge , Bingaman William , Najm Imad , Stojic Andrey , Prayson Richard 
Published: February 2019

SummaryPatients 60 years or older are one of the highest risk age groups for development of epilepsy. Clinical and neuroimaging analysis has typically accounted for etiology in two‐thirds of these patients, while the data on histopathology are lacking. We provide the first analysis of the histopathological substrates underlying drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) in older adults/elderly patients who underwent resective epilepsy surgery (RES) at Cleveland Clinic. A total of 78 patients (mean age ± standard deviation: 64.7 ± 3.7 years; 59% female) were included in the study. The most common pathologies included hippocampal sclerosis (HS; 35.9%; all visible on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), focal cortical dysplasia (FCD; 25.6%) and remote infarct/ischemic changes (12.8%). Underlying pathology did not differ significantly between the patients achieving a good seizure outcome (Engel class I; 77% [47 of 61 patients]) and the rest of the cohort. With one exception, all MRI‐negative cases had FCD type Ib. A receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis found a significant association (P = 0.002) between seizure‐onset age and HS, whereby the odds of its presence were reduced by 4% for every 1 year increase in the age at seizure onset. The model showed that the age cutoff for seizure onset predicting HS was 43 years, with a negative predictive value of 81.6%. None of the 14 patients with late‐onset epilepsy (≥60 years of age) were found to have HS; they mostly had acquired lesions. Our study provides histopathologic evidence for the diminished role of late‐onset HS in DRE in older adults/elderly who undergo RES.
Metamorphic evolution of the Heilongjiang glaucophanic rocks, NE China: Constraints from the P–T pseudosections in the NCKFMASHTO system
Authors: Li Weimin , Liu Yongjiang , Takasu Akira , Zhao Yingli , Fazle Kabir Md , Wen Quanbo , Liang Chenyue , Feng Zhiqiang , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2019

The glaucophanic rocks, including the garnet‐barroisite schist (09YL10) and glaucophane aegirine‐augite schist (09YL12) from the Heilongjiang Complex exposed in the Yilan area, have been petrographically investigated, in order to contribute to the discussion on the high‐P/T metamorphism that took place in the suture zone between the Jiamusi and Songliao blocks, NE China. The mineral assemblages of peak metamorphic stage are characterized by garnet (100XCa < 26) + epidote + barroisite/katophorite + phengite (Si < 6.84 pfu) + chlorite + quartz + rutile + haematite and barroisite/katophorite + glaucophane + aegirine‐augite (Jd < 30) + epidote + phengite (Si < 6.84 pfu) + haematite ± quartz ± chlorite for the investigated samples 09YL10 and 09YL12, respectively. By applying P–T pseudosection modelling in the NCKFMASHTO system, the peak metamorphic conditions yield 550–580°C/1.1–1.3 GPa and 500–550°C/1.1–1.3 GPa, for sample 09YL10 and 09YL12, respectively, indicating the epidote‐amphibolite facies metamorphism. Furthermore, the equilibrium mineral assemblages and the estimated P–T conditions define the Alpine‐type clockwise P–T paths for the Heilongjiang glaucophanic rocks, suggesting isothermal decompression (ITD) and/or slight heating during the beginning of the exhumation process. These P–T paths significantly match to the warm subduction trajectory, indicating the tectonic regimes similar to those of young oceanic slabs subduction zones and subsequent continental orogenic belts. Taking available regional geochronological data into account, we propose that the final subduction/collision between the Jiamusi and Songliao blocks took place in the Jurassic, effected by the Palaeo‐Pacific subduction system, leading to formation of the Heilongjiang glaucophanic rocks and their high‐P/T metamorphosed pelitic country rocks.
Measuring patient trust: Comparing measures from a survey and an economic experiment
Authors: Kovacs Roxanne J. , Lagarde Mylene , Cairns John 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite its importance in health care, empirical evidence on patient trust is limited. This is likely because, as with many complex concepts, trust is difficult to measure. This study measured patient trust in health care providers in a sample of 667 patients in Senegal. Two instruments were used to measure patient trust in providers: a survey questionnaire and an incentivised behavioural economic experiment—a “trust game.” The results show that the two measures are significantly, but weakly, associated. Using information from patients and providers, we find that continuity of care, provider communication ability, and clinical competence were positively associated with patient trust. Based on the results obtained from both methods, the trust game seems to have higher construct validity than the survey instrument in this context. This paper contributes to the methodological literature on patient trust and the evidence on the determinants of patient trust. It suggests that researchers interested in studying patient trust in providers should rely more on economic experiments and explore their validity in different contexts.
Predicting the cytotoxicity of chemicals using ensemble learning methods and molecular fingerprints
Authors: Yin Zimo , Ai Haixin , Zhang Li , Ren Guofei , Wang Yuming , Zhao Qi , Liu Hongsheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe prediction of compound cytotoxicity is an important part of the drug discovery process. However, it usually appears as poor predictive performance because the datasets are high‐throughput and have a class‐imbalance problem. In this study, several strategies of performing a structure‐activity relationship study for a cytotoxic endpoint in the AID364 dataset were explored to solve the class‐imbalance problem. Random forest adaboost was used as the base learners for 10 types of molecular fingerprints and an ensemble method and six data‐balancing methods were applied to balance the classes. As a result, the ensemble model using MACCS fingerprint was found to be the best, giving area under the curve of 85.2% ± 0.35%, sensitivity of 81.8% ± 0.65%, and specificity of 76.0% ± 0.12% in fivefold cross‐validation and area under the curve of 78.8%, sensitivity of 55.5% and specificity of 78.5% in external validation. Good performance also appeared on other datasets with different sizes/degrees of imbalance. To explore the structural commonality of cytotoxic compounds, several substructures were identified as an important reference for substructure alerts. The convincing results indicate that the proposed models are helpful in predicting the cytotoxicity of chemicals.