bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying stochastic uncertainty in detection time of human-caused climate signals
Authors: Santer Benjamin D. , Fyfe John C. , Solomon Susan , Painter Jeffrey F. , Bonfils Céline , Pallotta Giuliana , Zelinka Mark D. 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Climate observations comprise one sequence of natural internal variability and the response to external forcings. Large initial condition ensembles (LEs) performed with a single climate model provide many different sequences of internal variability and forced response. LEs allow analysts to quantify random uncertainty in the time required to detect forced “fingerprint” patterns. For tropospheric temperature, the consistency between fingerprint detection times in satellite data and in 2 different LEs depends primarily on the size of the simulated warming in response to greenhouse gas increases and the simulated cooling caused by anthropogenic aerosols. Consistency is closest for a model with high sensitivity and large aerosol-driven cooling. Assessing whether this result is physically reasonable will require reducing currently large aerosol forcing uncertainties.
Cell class-specific modulation of attentional signals by acetylcholine in macaque frontal eye field
Authors: Dasilva Miguel , Brandt Christian , Gotthardt Sascha , Gieselmann Marc Alwin , Distler Claudia , Thiele Alexander 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Attention improves perceptual abilities by modulating sensory processing. A key transmitter for attentional control is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. We show that acetylcholine promotes attentional signals in frontal cortex by differentially activating 2 cholinergic receptor types in different cell groups. Acetylcholine promotes attentional control signals through muscarinic receptors in specific subclasses of broad spiking cells. Moreover, it promotes attentional control signals through muscarinic and nicotinic receptor activation in specific subclasses of narrow spiking cells. Thus, attentional control signals in the frontal eye field (FEF) are supported through nicotinic and muscarinic receptor activation in a highly cell type-specific manner.
PTPN1/2-mediated dephosphorylation of MITA/STING promotes its 20S proteasomal degradation and attenuates innate antiviral response
Authors: Xia Tian , Yi Xue-Mei , Wu Xin , Shang Jun , Shu Hong-Bing 
Published: September 2019

Significance
MITA/STING is an essential adaptor protein for innate immune response to DNA virus or damaged cellular DNA. In this study, we identified 2 protein phosphatases, PTPN1 and PTPN2, as negative regulators of MITA/STING. After the onset of innate immune response to DNA virus, PTPN1/2 dephosphorylate MITA/STING, which subsequently causes its degradation by the ubiquitin-independent 20S proteasomes. This study reveals a striking mechanism on how innate immune response to DNA virus is attenuated and therefore would help for drug or vaccine development against DNA virus infection.
Interfacial charge-transfer Mott state in iridate–nickelate superlattices
Authors: Liu Xiaoran , Kotiuga Michele , Kim Heung-Sik , N’Diaye Alpha T. , Choi Yongseong , Zhang Qinghua , Cao Yanwei , Kareev Mikhail , Wen Fangdi , Pal Banabir , Freeland John W. , Gu Lin , Haskel Daniel , Shafer Padraic , Arenholz Elke , Haule Kristjan , Vanderbilt David , Rabe Karin M. , Chakhalian Jak 
Published: September 2019

Significance

Heterojunctions between dissimilar materials provide an opportunity to generate emergent properties not present in their individual components. These properties are often linked to interfacial charge transfer, an important mechanism allowing one to access and control novel quantum states. Here, we have grown unit-cell scale superlattices composed of

5
d

S
r
I
r
O

3

and

3
d

L
a
N
i
O

3

. We have discovered a massive interfacial charge transfer from Ir to Ni, triggering dramatic electronic and magnetic reconstructions at the interface that suppress strong spin–orbit coupling effects normally present in the iridates. These findings call for careful evaluation and reinterpretation of experiments on spin–orbit-driven physics in thin films and heterostructures based on prototypical

5
d

transition metal oxides.
Redox-dependent gating of VDAC by mitoNEET
Authors: Lipper Colin H. , Stofleth Jason T. , Bai Fang , Sohn Yang-Sung , Roy Susmita , Mittler Ron , Nechushtai Rachel , Onuchic José N. , Jennings Patricia A. 
Published: September 2019

SignificanceThis work demonstrates that the outer mitochondrial-anchored [2Fe-2S] mitoNEET is able to bind within the central cavity of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and regulate its gating in a redox-dependent manner. These findings have implications for ferroptosis, apoptosis, and iron metabolism by linking VDAC function, mitoNEET, and the redox environment of the cell. Furthermore, these findings introduce a potential player to the many mechanisms that may alter VDAC’s governance in times of homeostasis or strife.
Crosslinguistic trends in tone change
Authors: Yang Cathryn , Xu Yi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGround-breaking studies on how Bangkok Thai tones have changed over the past 100 years (Pittayaporn 2007,2018;Zhu et al. 2015) reveal a pattern thatZhu et al. (2015)term the “clockwise tone shift cycle:” low > falling > high level or rising-falling > rising > falling-rising or low. The present study addresses three follow-up questions: (1) Are tone changes like those seen in Bangkok Thai also attested in other languages? (2) What other tone changes are repeated across multiple languages? (3) What phonetic biases are most likely to be the origins of the reported changes? A typological review of 52 tone change studies across 45 Sinitic, Tai-Kadai, Hmong-Mien, and Tibeto-Burman languages reveals that clockwise changes are by far the most common. The paper concludes by exploring how tonal truncation (Xu 2017) generates synchronic variation that matches the diachronic patterns; this suggests that truncation is a key mechanism in tone change.
The deformation parameter of the generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Scardigli Fabio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
After a short introduction to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), we review some of the physical predictions of the GUP, and we focus in particular on the bounds that present experimental tests can put on the value of the deformation parameter β. We also describe a theoretical value computed for β, and comment on the vast parameter region still unexplored, and to be probed by future experiments.
Two arguments for more fundamental building blocks
Authors: Iorio Alfredo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present two lines of reasoning, leading to elementary constituents more fundamental than the ones we know. One such arguments is new, and based on the holographic maximal bound for the number of degrees of freedom of any system. In this case, both matter and space are emergent. The other argument is old, and was given by Richard Feynman as a possible explanation of why analog systems do describe the same physics. The former argument naturally points to a solution of the information paradox. The latter argument elevates analogs from mere curiosities, to reliable tests of fundamental theories. Amusingly, the names given to this fundamental level, both by Feynman and by some of the modern quantum gravity researchers, e.g., Jacob Bekenstein, resemble each others: “X ons” (Feynman) vs “level X” (Bekenstein).
An alternative to string theory
Authors: Allen Roland E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
String theory has many compelling features, including higher dimensions, supersymmetry, and topological defects of central importance. Here we describe a theory which also contains these features, but which is much more ambitious than string theory and also much closer to experiment. Since the mathematical details are given in a much longer paper, we summarize only the most important results, which include SO(N) gauge unification, vanishing of the usual cosmological constant, and a credible dark matter candidate.
Flavor neutrino states for pedestrians
Authors: Blasone M , Smaldone L , Vitiello G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper we discuss the ontology of flavor states of oscillating neutrinos. While an heuristic approach to this subject, experimentally successful in the high energy regime, is generally adopted, a logically consistent definition of flavor states describing neutrinos produced and detected in weak processes is still desirable and essential from a theoretical perspective. Here we briefly review basic facts and present some arguments which suggest that the definition of flavor states as eigenstates of flavor charges is the most reasonable one.
Covariant bandlimitation from Generalized Uncertainty Principles
Authors: Pye J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
It is widely believed that combining the uncertainty principle with gravity will lead to an effective minimum length scale. A particular challenge is to specify this scale in a coordinate-independent manner so that covariance is not broken. Here we examine a class of Lorentz-covariant generalizations of the uncertainty principle which aim to provide an effective low-energy model for a Lorentz-invariant minimum length. We show how this modification leads to a covariant bandlimitation of quantum field theory. However, we argue that this does not yield an adequate regulator for many quantities of interest, e.g., the entanglement entropy between spatial regions. The possibility remains open that it could aid in regulating interactions.
No time for isolated clocks
Authors: Bryan K L H , Medved A J M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Wheeler-DeWitt equation provides a model of the Universe as a timeless, isolated system. Page and Wootters developed the conditional probability interpretation (CPI) to account for the experience of time within this timeless model by identifying part of the Universe as the clock. In resolving criticisms of the CPI, some investigators have since concluded that the clock must be completely isolated from the remainder of the Universe. This isolation has also been used to reinforce the conclusion that time must be an illusion. However, some interactions must exist between all subsystems of the Universe as gravitational effects, however weak, cannot be shielded. Here, we present the results of an investigation which used a toy model to consider the implications of including interactions. Although counter intuitive, their inclusion is seen to directly correlate with the accuracy of measurements of the clock state. The case is then made that, if interactions are indeed a necessary feature of the CPI, the viability of treating time as an illusion needs to be reconsidered. We conclude that the experience of time can be interpreted as a real phenomenon, which naturally incorporates an arrow of time, once interactions are taken seriously in the CPI paradigm.
How to obtain initial degrees of freedom for the early universe of about 1000, instead of 100, while preserving a uniformly increasing arrow of time due to entropy increase
Authors: Beckwith Andrew Walcott 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Using the Klauder enhanced quantization to specify the cosmological constant as a baseline for the mass of a graviton, we eventually develop with an initial degrees of freedom argument of about 1000, instead of 100 or so, implying no quantum fluctuations such as reversals in the arrow of time due to the size of initial black holes, even if the cosmological constant as outlined may be due to quantum processes, as outlined initially. Classicality in black holes, which may shed gravitons, avoids quantum-induced reversals in the arrow of time, and keeps time flow increasing rather than initially decreasing.
How an induced Kerr–Newman black hole releases gravitational waves without a mini black hole explosion
Authors: Beckwith Andrew Walcott 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Our task is to create circumstances in which the no-hair theorem of black holes no longer applies. First, we must determine if the mini black hole bomb would spontaneously occur. In all, the main end result is to try to avoid the so called black hole bomb effect, where a mini black hole explodes in a laboratory setting within say 10−16 s or so. That is, the idea would be to have a reasonably stable configuration with input laser energy, but a small mass, and to do it over hopefully 10−15, or more, times longer than the 10−16 s preevaporation life of the mini black hole. That is, a duration of say up to 10−1 s which would provide a baseline as to astrophysical modeling of a Kerr–Newman black hole.
Natural radioactivity concentration in traditional Thai herbal medicine
Authors: Kranrod C , Chanyotha S , Kritsananuwat R , Ploykrathok T , Pengvanich P , Tumnoi Y , Thumvijit T , Sriburee S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study is to create a database of radioactivity concentration and annual effective dose of the naturally occurring radionuclides: 226Ra, 228Ra, 40K and 210Po in Thai medicinal herb plants. 99 types of popular Thai medicinal herb plants (total of 214 samples) such as Curcuma comosa Roxb., mucuna, white kwao krua, barbed grass, black galingale, lingzhi mushroom, Ginkgo biloba, jiaogulan, plu kaow, turmeric, ginger, safflower, moringa, gotu kola and garlic were randomly collected from drug stores and herbal fair. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K in all herb samples was determined by gamma-ray spectrometry while that of 210Po was determined by alpha spectrometry. The activity concentration was found to range from <0.20 to 89.92 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, from <0.10 to 39.62 Bq kg−1 for 228Ra and from 4.83 to 2761.33 Bq kg−1 for 40K and from 0.32 to 47.13 Bq kg−1 for 210Po. The highest activities concentration of 226Ra, 228Ra, 40K and 210Po were found in the white kwao krua, jiaogulan, plu kaow and ginkgo, respectively. The average total annual effective dose due to ingestion of these herbal plants was assessed to range from 0.0001 to 0.0327 mSv y−1, with highest dose found in jiaogulan.
Estimation of external gamma radiation dose rate for personnel and students in the area of Kasetsart university, Thailand
Authors: Pornnumpa C , Kanchanawarin J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Kasetsart University, Bang khen is surrounded by several radiation agencies. In order to reduce concerns and confirm on radiation safety for university personnel and students, 130 points of the ambient gamma dose equivalent rate (H*(10)) were measured above the ground at 1 m and mapping around this area using a NaI(Tl) scintillator, Ø63×63 mm, including natural radioactive elements (K-40, Th-232, and U-238) from soil were collected in the 10 cm soil layer for 13 samples for investigating the natural background radiation. The gamma dose rates in air obtained were found between 0.04 μSv/h – 0.10 μSv/h with the average value was about 0.07 μSv/h. The location of minimum value was found at Chakrabandhu Pensiri Hall (13°50’57.5“N, 100°34’05.5”E), and the maximum value was found behind the Thailand Post Office, Kasetsart University branch. (13°50’50.6“N, 100°34’06.6”E). The activity concentration of U-238, Th - 232 and K-40 from soil samples were determined using a gamma spectrometry analysis system with HPGe detector, which the average specific activity was also used to evaluate the absorbed dose rates (D) and the annual effective dose (E) for general population in the area.
Method validation for determination of some rare-earth elements in rice using ICP-MS
Authors: Kukusamude C , Kongsri S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the present work, an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer operating in single quadrupole was performed for determination of some rare-earth elements including La, Sm, Eu, Tl, and U in rice. The samples were prepared by microwave digestion with nitric acid. The fortifications of rice samples at 3 levels were studied in order to check the accuracy of the proposed method. The experiment was performed under the internal standard method with the coefficient of determination higher than 0.9990. The average recoveries of all elements were higher than 92% with the standard deviation less than 4.5.
CTScanTool, a semi-automated organ segmentation tool for radiotherapy treatment planning
Authors: Liamsuwan T , Tantisatirapong S , Tangboonduangjit P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The goal of radiation therapy is to eradicate tumors while sparing normal tissues from radiation damage. Therefore, accurate definition of tumor and organ boundaries is important for achieving good treatment outcome. Segmentation of tumors and organs at risk is a standard procedure done by radiation oncologists for radiation therapy treatment planning, for which computed tomography (CT) images are commonly used. In this paper, we present the development of CTScanTool, the organ segmentation tool with a graphical user interface, allowing semi-automated and manual delineation. The proposed semi-automated segmentation method is based on the combined techniques of region growing, morphological reconstruction, and watershed transform algorithms. The semi-automated segmentation results of CT images were compared with those contoured by experienced radiation oncologists. In the experiment, we investigated the combined segmentation method on brain, lung and kidney tissues. In all cases, the true positive rate (sensitivity) was higher than 95%. Jaccard indices and positive predictive values (precision) were higher than 91% for brain and lung tissues and better than 81% for kidney tissues. In the near future, CTScanTool will be incorporated in the Proton pencil beam Scanning treatment PLANning system (PSPLAN) used for research and education in proton therapy.
Study on characteristic of Fricke xylenol gel dosimeter: application for dose evaluation in radiotherapy
Authors: Choosin P , Tippayamontri T , Ninlaphruk S , Pungkun V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Accurate assessment of the radiation absorbed dose delivered to a tumor and different organs is a potentially importance issue in clinical radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fricke Xylenol Gel dosimeter (FXG) to the gamma radiation from Co-60. With this aim, the dose response of FXG and its behavior have been investigated. The sensitivity and accuracy of FXG were validated by irradiating FXG with the gamma radiation at 1-200 Gy. To evaluate the long- and short-term consistency and reproducibility of FXG, the optical density was measured at 24, 48 and 120 h after irradiation. Light absorbance spectra were analyzed from 350-700 nm. Spectrophotometric measurement of FXG demonstrated the linearity up to 30 Gy, and then gradually reached a plateau. FXG showed a good stability over a period of 120 h after exposure to gamma radiation. FXG showed a high reproducibility which is in comparable to that of obtained from the ionization chamber. The FXG showed high accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility, thus enabling determination of absorbed dose from the external beam radiotherapy.
Influence of gamma ray on elastic and structural properties of recycled window glass doped with chromium oxide using ultrasonic contact technique and FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Gunhakoon P , Sopapan P , Laopaiboon J , Jaiboon O , Laopaiboon R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Glasses of system 90RWG – 10Na2O - x CrO3 (RWG stands for recycled window glass and x = 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mol %) have been prepared using the melt-quenching technique. The Archimedes principle was used to measure density of the glass samples, and then these data were used to calculate their molar volumes. Ultrasonic velocities at room temperature were measured using the ultrasonic contact technique at 4 MHz frequency. Elastic moduli have been calculated. The obtained results were compared with theoretical values which were calculated from the Makishima-Mackenzie model. The glass samples were gamma irradiated using a 60Co gamma cell at the total gamma dose of 1,000 Gy. Then the effects of gamma ray on structural properties of the glasses were investigated by means of their elastic moduli. FTIR spectra were also recorded to support the result from ultrasonic contact technique. The results show that there are significant changes in number of NBO in the structural glass due to an addition of the chromium oxide and gamma irradiation.
Simulation of plasma in scrape-off-layer region in Thailand Tokamak 1 using extended two-point model
Authors: Kongkerd R , Wisitsorasak A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
As Thailand has been preparing to operate a small tokamak in which the device will be upgraded from HT-6M tokamak, the quantitative information about the plasma in the edge and at the surface of a limiter would be insightful for planning future experimental operations. In this work, we employ an extended two-point model to investigate the particle and heat exhausted from the core to the limiter for the tokamak with nominal parameters of HT-6M. The model assumes that the transports of heat and particle from the core enter the scrape-off layer at the outer midplane (upstream point). They then travel to the limiter along the magnetic field line. In this scrape-off layer region, both the conductive and convective transport are considered. The particle sources are only present near the limiter and the conservation of momentum is assumed. Thus, in the steady state, the transport equations can be reduced to a set of nonlinear equations that relates the density and temperature at the upstream to those at the limiter. For Thailand Tokamak, as the density at the upstream point is increased from 0.1 × 1019 to 3.5 × 1019 m−3 and power through separatrix is 0.2 MW, it is found that the electron temperature at the limiter surface is reduce from 250 to 10 eV. When the upstream density is greater than 2.7 × 1019 m−3, the particle flux reaching to the limiter significantly decreases in which this suggests for the plasma detachment.
Feasibility study of neutron production at SLRI beam test facility
Authors: Kittimanapun K , Juntong N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
SLRI Beam Test Facility (SLRI-BTF) has been constructed in order to increase usage of the Siam Photo Source injector. SLRI-BTF aims to provide electron test beams for calibration and testing of high-energy particle detectors and diagnostic instrumentations. The test-beam energy varies from 40 MeV to 1.2 GeV with adjustable intensity from a few to several millions of electrons per repetition rate. Since the test-beam energy is sufficiently large, the electron test beam can be used to produce photoneutrons resulted from collision of high-energy electrons to metal targets. Similar to the electron test beams, this neutron source will be utilized for calibration and testing of neutron detectors and instrumentations. In this work, the neutron production and its angular dependence has been investigated using the PHITS simulation code. The results show that photoneutrons generated by collision of the high-energy electron beam on a tungsten target are in range of intermediate and fast neutrons or 0.01 - 10 MeV with peak contribution at 0.6 ± 0.1 MeV and uniformly distributed in angular direction. For the primary beam of 108 electrons per spill at SLRI-BTF, the photoneutron flux is predicted to be around 50 neutrons/cm2. Based on this study, the possibility to service a neutron source for users in the future will be determined further.