bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of trait fear of pain on event‐related potentials during word cue presentations that signal potential pain
Authors: Zheng Panpan , Lyu Zhenyong , Jackson Todd 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPeople who are especially afraid of pain may display attention biases that increase their risk for developing chronic pain following an injury. However, specific neurophysiological mechanisms underlying associations between elevated trait fear of pain levels and environmental cues that signal potential pain experiences are not well understood. To address this gap, event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded among 39 high pain‐fearful (H‐FOP) and 36 low pain‐fearful (L‐FOP) adults exposed to potentially painful somatosensory stimulation cued by sensory pain words versus non‐painful stimulation cued by neutral words. H‐FOP group members displayed slower reaction times in judging somatosensory stimulation and rated stimulation to be more intense than L‐FOP group members did. H‐FOP group members also exhibited comparatively earlier peak latencies of P2 and N2 components during word cue presentations as well as weaker P3 amplitudes in processing non‐painful stimulation cued by sensory pain words. These findings suggested that, among the high trait pain‐fearful, exposure to word cues signaling potential pain results in the allocation of fewer cognitive resources toward processing somatosensory stimuli that are not actually painful.
Diagnostic value of additional histopathological fascia examination in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Lim J. , Eftimov F. , Raaphorst J. , Aronica E. , van der Kooi A. J. 
Published: June 2019

Background and purposeCorrect diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) may prevent harm from both lack of treatment in IIM patients and unnecessary treatment in non‐IIM patients. However, it is unknown whether additional histopathological fascia examination may contribute to diagnosing IIM.MethodsThirty‐two magnetic resonance imaging guided en bloc biopsies from patients diagnosed with IIM (except inclusion body myositis) from 2010 to 2017 were reviewed: dermatomyositis (DM) (n = 6), non‐specific/overlap myositis (NM/OM) (n = 11), immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (n = 12) and anti‐synthetase syndrome (n = 3). Muscle biopsy specimens were examined according to the 2004 European Neuromuscular Centre (ENMC) criteria. Fascia was subsequently examined for the presence of lymphocytic infiltrates. Isolated fascia involvement was defined as the presence of lymphocytic infiltrates in the fascia/epimysium on histopathology in the absence of any ENMC muscle histopathology/immunohistochemistry criteria.ResultsOne patient with DM (17%) and one patient with NM/OM (9%) had isolated fascia involvement. One patient with immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (8%) and one patient with anti‐synthetase syndrome (33%) had fascia involvement, albeit in combination with muscle involvement.ConclusionHistopathological fascia examination may contribute to early diagnosis of DM and NM/OM in a small proportion of patients.
The ECB's performance under the ESM treaty on a sliding scale of delegation
Authors: Lettanie Ute 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo opposing theories explain the European Central Bank's (ECB) far‐reaching powers: principal‐agent and trusteeship. This article situates both theories on a sliding scale of delegation, with agents on one end of the spectrum, and trustees on the other. Applying this new perspective to the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) allows us to understand how the ECB, positioned on the agent side of the scale by the ESM Treaty, slides towards the trustee side in practice. This way, the article identifies two problems. Firstly, the ECB assumes a ‘zone of discretion’ that is not captured by the control mechanisms, thereby disregarding an essential feature of delegation. Secondly, the rationale of the Meroni doctrine, judicial review, is disregarded given the insufficient protection against the ECB's actions. These findings become increasingly important with the long‐term aim to incorporate the ESM in the EU legal order.
The functional convergence of antibiotic resistance in β‐lactamases is not conferred by a simple convergent substitution of amino acid
Authors: Keshri Vivek , Arbuckle Kevin , Chabrol Olivier , Rolain Jean‐Marc , Raoult Didier , Pontarotti Pierre 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious medical and public health concern worldwide. Such resistance is conferred by a variety of mechanisms, but the extensive variability in levels of resistance across bacteria is a common finding. Understanding the underlying evolutionary processes governing this functional variation in antibiotic resistance is important as it may allow the development of appropriate strategies to improve treatment options for bacterial infections. The main objective of this study was to examine the functional evolution of β‐lactamases, a common mechanism of enzymatic resistance that inactivates a widely used class of antibiotics. We first obtained β‐lactamase protein sequences and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), a measure of antibiotic function, from previously published literature. We then used a molecular phylogenetic framework to examine the evolution of β‐lactamase functional activity. We found that the functional activity of antibiotic resistance mediated by β‐lactamase has evolved in a convergent manner within molecular classes, but is not associated with any single amino acid substitution. This suggests that the dynamics of convergent evolution in this system can vary between the functional and molecular (sequence) levels. Such disassociation may hamper bioinformatic approaches to antibiotic resistance determination and underscore the need for (less efficient but more effective) activity assays as an essential step in evaluating resistance in a given case.
Chronic lameness caused by vascular compression of the iliac artery and vein by a malignant melanoma in the pelvis of a grey Spanish gelding
Authors: Van Ongeval A. , van de Velde N. , Raes E. , Oosterlinck M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old grey Spanish gelding was presented with chronic lameness of the right hindlimb, with abduction of the limb during the swing phase. Based on a comprehensive lameness examination, the problem was localised to the pelvic region. Rectal and ultrasonographic examinations revealed a mass in the pelvic region in close association with the iliac artery and vein, and ultrasonographic indications of vascular compression. Considering the clinical presentation of a grey middle‐aged horse with multifocal melanoma‐like nodules at the level of the perineum, tail base, preputium and penis, a malignant melanoma with secondary vascular or neurological compression was suspected. Post‐mortem and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma with vascular compression of the iliac artery and vein and infiltrative growth in the iliac vein.
Assessing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by combining liver stiffness and the controlled attenuation parameter
Authors: Izumi Takaaki , Sho Takuya , Morikawa Kenichi , Shigesawa Taku , Suzuki Kazuharu , Nakamura Akihisa , Ohara Masatsugu , Kawagishi Naoki , Umemura Machiko , Shimazaki Tomoe , Kimura Megumi , Nakai Masato , Suda Goki , Natsuizaka Mitsuteru , Ogawa Koji , Kudo Yusuke , Nishida Mutsumi , Ono Kota , Baba Masaru , Furuya Ken , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: June 2019

AimUltrasound technology can now be used for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and for evaluating the amount of hepatic fat quantitatively known as the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). This study aimed to determine the applicable cut‐off values of LSM and the CAP for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to investigate their clinical usefulness for assessing HCC risk in patients with chronic liver disease.MethodsA total of 1054 patients (88 with primary HCC and 966 without HCC) whose LSM and the CAP were measured by transient elastography with clinically evident hepatitis C virus (419 patients), hepatitis B virus (377 patients), and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (258 patients) were enrolled in this study. Subsequently, a total of 966 patients who did not have HCC initially were followed, and the usefulness of the cut‐off values of LSM and CAP for HCC development were evaluated.ResultsIn hepatitis C virus patients, the incidence of HCC development was significantly higher among those with a combination of LSM ≥8.0 kPa and CAP ≤221 dB/m than among those with other values (log–rank test 0.0239, hazard ratio 2.66, 95%CI 1.07–6.47, P = 0.0362). In non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients, the incidence of HCC development was significantly higher among those with a combination of LSM ≥5.4 kPa and CAP ≤265 dB/m than among others (log–rank test 0.0040, hazard ratio 8.91, 95% CI 1.47–67.97, P = 0.0192).ConclusionIn the hepatitis C virus and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease groups, a combination of LSM and the CAP cut‐off values would be useful for screening to identify the high‐risk group for primary HCC development.
Broker imposed precarity of Indian technical immigrants
Authors: Sohani Shrihari S. , Varkkey Biju 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe primary purpose of this article is to investigate the labour supply chain of Indian technical immigrants in the United States. The two important findings that emerge are as follows: First, the study unearths a latent phenomenon of broker‐induced precarity that results from the labour supply chain and explores how aspirational jobs are becoming precarious ones. Second, the study provides a foundation for devising policies and interventions to make the process of the labour supply chain less detrimental to the Indian technical immigrants. This article draws on a seven‐month‐long field‐based qualitative study and ensures a meticulous triangulation of the findings through an analysis of archival data and actual artefacts related to manpower movement across the labour supply chain.
Researches on the pyrolyzing strength of gelcasting Al2O3‐based ceramic molds for double‐wall blade
Authors: Chen Yi , Lu Zhongliang , Miao Kai , Shang Suiyan , Liu Guangyue , Li Dichen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn approach using AM‐MBAM and Na‐alginate double‐gel was proposed to avoid the cracking of ceramic impingement holes cores (CIHCs) during pyrolysis processing. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to calculate the thermal stress that caused CIHCs cracking. For ceramic slurry with a double‐gel containing various proportions of alginate, the addition of 15.0 wt.% alginate was the most beneficial for the rheological and mechanical properties of Al2O3‐based ceramic obtained by aqueous gelcasting based on the double‐gel network had a dramatically pyrolyzing strength of 14.1 MPa, which was 72.0 % higher than that of the ceramics based on the single AM‐MBAM system. The double‐gel network was responsible for the improved strength. By comparing the thermal stress with pyrolyzing strength, it was predicted that the available diameter of CIHCs was greater than 0.7 mm. Finally, CIHCs with a minimum diameter of 0.7 mm were successfully fabricated, consistent with the FEA prediction.
“Reasonable adjustments” under the UK's Equality Act 2010: An enquiry into the care and treatment to patients with intellectual disabilities in acute hospital settings
Authors: Redley Marcus , Lancaster Isabella , Pitt Adam , Holland Anthony , Thompson Angela , Bradley John R. , Glover Gyles , Thomson Karen , Jones Sara , Herbert Bernadette , Holme Anita , Clare Isabel C. H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the views of qualified medical practitioners regarding “reasonable adjustments” and the quality of the care and treatment provided to adults with intellectual disabilities when admitted to acute hospitals as inpatients.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews took place with 14 medical practitioners, seven from each of two acute hospitals, with a thematic analysis of the resulting data.ResultsAll 14 medical practitioners reported problems in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with intellectual disabilities. Most participants attributed these difficulties to communication problems and/or behaviours that, in the context of a hospital ward, were non‐conforming. However, a minority reported that, because they were likely to have multiple comorbid health conditions, patients with intellectual disabilities were more complex. In addition, half of all these respondents reported making little use of “reasonable adjustments” introduced to improve the quality of the care received by this group of patients.ConclusionsMedical practitioners should make better use of the “reasonable adjustments” introduced in the UK to address inequities in care and treatment received by patients with intellectual disabilities. However, training should also focus on the biomedical complexities often presented by these men and women.
Acute esophageal necrosis after cellulitis in an obese patient with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tanaka Sho , Fujishiro Midori , Ichijima Ryoji , Kohno Genta , Abe Masanori , Ishihara Hisamitsu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA 59‐year‐old obese Japanese man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with severe heartburn for 3 days after inguinal cellulitis and exacerbated glycemic control, without any signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient had a high plasma glucose level (34.0 mmol/L) and was dehydrated. Emergent esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed black discoloration predominantly affecting the lower esophagus; thus, acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) was diagnosed. This black discoloration was not present on esophagogastroduodenoscopy 20 days prior to presentation, and disappeared 6 days after conservative treatment. To conclude, acute esophageal necrosis should be considered if a patient in marked hyperglycemic status presents with unendurable heartburn, even when upper gastrointestinal bleeding is not observed or recent esophagogastroduodenoscopy was unremarkable.
Automatic‐renewal contracts with heterogeneous consumer inertia
Authors: Johnen Johannes 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAutomatic contract renewals are a common feature in consumer markets. Since these contracts renew automatically unless a consumer actively cancels, firms can use them to exploit consumer inertia. As a source of inertia I study limited attention and investigate how firms use contract renewal to sell to consumers with different degrees of inattention. In monopolistic markets, adverse selection of more‐attentive consumers limits the exploitation of naively inattentive consumers. When signing a contract, naively inattentive consumers overestimate their future probability to make an active cancellation decision. To exploit this mistake, the monopolist wants to target these consumers with large prices after contracts renew. These back‐loaded contracts, however, adversely attract more‐attentive consumers who cancel more often when choosing these exploitative contracts. To mitigate adverse selection, monopolists focus less on exploiting naively inattentive consumers. Adverse selection induces fewer consumer mistakes and can increase efficiency. I show that competition mitigates adverse selection, which induces firms to focus more on exploitation with more back‐loaded pricing. I discuss implications for recently implemented policies on automatic‐renewal contracts.
Incidence of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease Over Time: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gao Sujuan , Burney Heather N. , Callahan Chris M. , Purnell Christianna E. , Hendrie Hugh C. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESPopulation‐based incidence estimates of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) provide important information for public health policy and resource allocation. We conducted a meta‐analysis of published studies that reported age‐specific incidence rates of dementia and AD to determine whether dementia and AD incidence rates are changing over time.DESIGNPubMed and MEDLINE were searched for publications through June 30, 2017, using key words “dementia”, “Alzheimer”, and “incidence.” Inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis are: (1) population‐based studies using personal interviews and direct examinations of the study subjects, (2) standardized clinical diagnosis criteria, (3) reporting age‐specific incidence rates, (4) published in English, and (5) sample size of 500 or greater and length of follow‐up of 2 years or greater. Mixed‐effects models were used to determine the association between birth year and incidence rates.MEASUREMENTSAge‐specific dementia/AD incidence rates and their standard errors reported in each study.RESULTSThirty‐eight articles with 53 cohorts on dementia incidence and 31 articles with 35 cohorts on AD incidence met the inclusion criteria. There were significant associations between later birth years and decreased dementia incidence rates in all three age groups (65‐74, 75‐84, and 85 years and older). There were no significant associations between birth year and AD incident rates in any of the three age groups. In particular, AD incidence rates reported from Western countries stayed steady in all age groups, while studies in non‐Western countries showed significantly increased AD incidence rates for the 65 to 74 years age group (odds ratio = 2.78; P = .04), but a nonsignificant association for the 75 to 84 or 85 years and older groups.CONCLUSIONDementia incidence declined over the past four decades, but AD incidence did not decline. Further research, especially from non‐Western countries, is needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the trends in dementia and AD incidence over time.
Open‐label clinical trial of rectally administered levetiracetam as supplemental treatment in dogs with cluster seizures
Authors: Cagnotti Giulia , Odore Rosangela , Bertone Iride , Corona Cristiano , Dappiano Elena , Gardini Giulia , Iulini Barbara , Bellino Claudio , D'Angelo Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreatment options for at‐home management of cluster seizures (CS) and status epilepticus (SE) are limited. The pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam (LEV) after rectal administration in both healthy and epileptic dogs has been investigated recently.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical efficacy of rectally administered LEV in preventing additional seizures in dogs presented for CS and SE. We hypothesized that rectal administration of LEV in addition to a standard treatment protocol would provide better control of seizure activity as compared with the standard treatment protocol alone.AnimalsFifty‐seven client‐owned dogs with CS or SE.MethodsProspective open‐label clinical trial. Patients included in the study were assigned to receive either a standard treatment protocol comprising IV/rectal diazepam and IV phenobarbital q8h (control group) or a standard treatment protocol in association with a single dose of 40 mg/kg LEV rectally (rectal LEV group). Dogs that experienced no additional seizures were defined as responders, whereas those that showed additional seizure activity were classified as nonresponders.ResultsTwenty‐one dogs were assigned to the rectal LEV group, and 36 to control group. Given the small number of cases of SE, statistical analysis was performed only on patients with CS. The response rate was 94% in the rectal LEV group and 48% in the control group (P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRectally administered LEV combined with a standard treatment protocol provided good control of seizure activity in patients with CS. The validity of these results should be confirmed in a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial.
Increasing survival and growth in larval leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) using intensively cultured Parvocalanus crassirostris nauplii
Authors: Burgess Aurora I. , Callan Chatham K. , Touse Renee , Delos Santos Miguel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLeopard coral grouper, Plectropomus leopardus are a heavily exploited, high‐value fish commonly found in the Asian live reef food fish trade. In past decades, many attempts at the mass culture of various grouper species have been undertaken; however, their small mouth gape at first feed has resulted in very low survival when using traditional live feeds such as rotifers. The use of wild caught or extensively cultured copepods has yielded potentially promising increases in survival and growth, but overall survival to the juvenile stage remains low, making mass culture currently impractical. The current study sought to build on past developments in grouper culture and recent advancements in copepod culture technology by observing how growth and survival were influenced by the addition of intensively cultured copepods to the early diet of P. leopardus larvae. Six tanks of larvae, three replicates per treatment, were fed either eggs and nauplii of the calanoid copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris, at a starting density of 5 mL−1, and the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis, at a starting density of 10 mL−1, or were fed only B. rotundiformis, at a density of 15 mL−1, starting on the evening of 2 days post‐hatch (dph) and continuing until 9 dph. After this initial period, all larvae were fed the same diet of rotifers, Artemia, and dry feed until the cessation of the trial at 21 dph. Larvae fed P. crassirostris in addition to rotifers had a significantly higher survival, 9.9 versus 0.5%, than those fed only rotifers. Growth was also significantly enhanced in larvae offered copepods. Larvae only fed rotifers were, on average, 1.5 mm shorter at 21 dph than those that had been fed copepods. More rapid development and the earlier onset of flexion were also noted in the larvae that were offered copepods. The use of intensively cultured copepods, in this study, increased survival tenfold over previous studies, with P. leopardus larvae fed wild‐caught copepods. The application of intensively cultured copepods to the early diet of P. leopardus, along with future research to evaluate late‐stage mortality issues, may facilitate commercial production of this species.
In situ U–Pb analysis of shocked zircon from the Charlevoix impact structure, Québec, Canada
Authors: Schmieder Martin , Shaulis Barry J. , Lapen Thomas J. , Buchner Elmar , Kring David A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLaser ablation inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U–Pb geochronology of shocked zircon grains in a vesicular‐fluidal impact melt rock from the ≥54 km Charlevoix impact structure, Québec, Canada, suggests an Ordovician to Silurian age of 450 ± 20 Ma for the impact. This age is anchored by concordant U–Pb results of ~450 Ma for a U‐rich, cryptocrystalline zircon grain in the melt rock, interpreted as a recrystallized metamict zircon crystal; the U–Th–Pb system of the metamict grain was seemingly chronometrically reset by the Charlevoix impact, but withstood later tectonometamorphic events. The new zircon age for Charlevoix is in agreement with a stratigraphically constrained Late Ordovician maximum age of ~453 Ma and corroborates earlier suggestions that the impact occurred most likely in the Ordovician, and not ~100 Myr later, as indicated by previous K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar geochronologic results. The latter may reflect postimpact thermal overprint of impactites during the Salinian (Late Silurian to Early Devonian) and/or Acadian (Late Devonian) orogenies. U–Pb geochronology of zircon crystals in anorthosite exposed in the central uplift of the impact structure yielded a Grenvillian crystallization age of 1062 ± 11 Ma. The preferred Ordovician age for the Charlevoix impact structure, which is partially overthrusted by the Appalachian front, suggests the impact occurred during a phase of Taconian tectonism and an episode of enhanced asteroid bombardment of the Earth. Our results, moreover, demonstrate that (recrystallized) metamict zircon grains may be of particular interest in impact geochronology.