bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NLRX1 is not involved in the host defense against Escherichia coli induced pyelonephritis
Authors: Kors Lotte , Butter Loes M. , Claessen Nike , Teske Gwendoline J.D. , Girardin Stephen E. , Florquin Sandrine , Leemans Jaklien C. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) are one of the most prominent infections that have serious impact on kidney functioning and the development of chronic kidney disease. NOD-like receptor (NLR)X1 is an innate immune receptor that is important for immune metabolism and regulation, with as yet an unknown role in UTI and the pathophysiology of pyelonephritis. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and NLRX1 Knock-out (KO) female mice were subjected to UTI by intravesically inoculation of uropathogenic E. coli and sacrificed at 24h and 48h after infection after which bacterial burden and the inflammatory response in the bladder and kidney were studied. Ex vivo we studied the role of NLRX1 during the LPS induced pro-inflammatory cytokine response and phagocytosis of E. coli by granulocytes and monocytes. Results: Here, we report that during early experimental UTI NLRX1 absence reduces bacterial clearance in the bladder and dampens the inflammatory cytokine response, whereas in the kidney NLRX1 does not affect bacterial burden or cytokine response. In addition, we found that NLRX1 is not essential for the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by granulocytes and monocytes in response to LPS nor for bacterial phagocytosis. Conclusion: Together, we report that NLRX1 is important in enhancing the early host defense against uropathogenic E. coli in the bladder but does not affect the development of pyelonephritis.
National culture as a correlate of research performance and impact
Authors: Abraham Juneman 
Published: September 2019

National culture has been overlooked in discussions related to research performance and impact owing to individual, socio-political structure, and economic factors. This study shows the relationships between the dimensions of cultural value orientation of the nation and research performance & impact. More than 60 countries were included and Spearman correlation analysis was employed. The variables were taken from Geert Hofstede and Scimago Journal & Country Rank worksheets. This study found that (1) Power distance - the positive inclination of the culture toward power disparities among people - is negatively correlated with research impact; (2) Individualism - the level of independence a society keeps up among its individuals - are positively correlated with research performance and research impact; (3) Indulgence - the degree to which society members do not attempt to control their urges - is positively correlated with research impact; and (4) after controlling the Log GDP per capita, uncertainty avoidance - the manner in which that a society seeks to manage the actuality that the future can never be controlled - is negatively correlated with research impact.
The management of microbial keratitis within Uganda’s primary health system: a situational analysis
Authors: Arunga Simon , Kyomugasho Naome , Kwaga Teddy , Onyango John , Leck Astrid , Macleod David , Hu Victor , Burton Matthew 
Published: September 2019

Background: Microbial keratitis (MK) frequently leads to sight-loss, especially when the infection is severe and/or appropriate treatment is delayed. The primary health system as an entry point plays a central role in facilitating and directing patient access to appropriate care. The purpose of this study was to describe the capacity of primary health centres in Uganda in managing MK. Methods: We carried out a rigorous assessment of primary health centres and mid-cadre training schools in South Western Uganda. Through interviews, checklists and a picture quiz, we assessed capacity and knowledge of MK management. In addition, we interviewed the heads of all the mid-cadre training schools to determine the level of eye health training provided in their curricula. Results: In total, 163 health facilities and 16 training schools were enrolled. Of the health facilities, only 6% had an Ophthalmic Clinical Officer. Only 12% of the health workers could make a diagnosis of MK based on the clinical signs in the picture quiz. Although 35% of the facilities had a microscope, none reported doing corneal scraping. None of the facilities had a stock of the recommended first line treatment options for MK (ciprofloxacin and natamycin eye drops). Among the training schools, 15/16 had an eye health component in the curriculum. However, the majority (56%) of tutors had no formal expertise in eye health. In 14/16 schools, students spent an average of two weeks in an eye unit. Conclusions: Knowledge among health workers and capacity of health facilities in diagnosis and management of MK was low. Training for eye health within mid-cadre training schools was inadequate. More is needed to close these gaps in training and capacity.
One-Hour Esophageal String Test: A Nonendoscopic Minimally Invasive Test That Accurately Detects Disease Activity in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Ackerman Steven J. , Kagalwalla Amir F. , Hirano Ikuo , Gonsalves Nirmala , Katcher Paul Menard , Gupta Sandeep , Wechsler Joshua B. , Grozdanovic Milica , Pan Zhaoxing , Masterson Joanne C. , Du Jian , Fantus Robert J. , Alumkal Preeth , Lee James J. , Ochkur Sergei , Ahmed Faria , Capocelli Kelley , Melin-Aldana Hector , Biette Kathryn , Dubner Allison , Amsden Katie , Keeley Kaitlin , Sulkowski Maureen , Zalewski Angelika , Atkins Dan , Furuta Glenn T. 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic food allergic disease, lacks sensitive and specific peripheral biomarkers. We hypothesized that levels of EoE-related biomarkers captured using a 1-hour minimally invasive Esophageal String Test (EST) would correlate with mucosal eosinophil counts and tissue concentrations of these same biomarkers. We aimed to determine whether a 1-hour EST accurately distinguishes active from inactive EoE or a normal esophagus.

METHODS:
In a prospective, multisite study, children and adults (ages 7–55 years) undergoing a clinically indicated esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed an EST with an esophageal dwell time of 1 hour. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: active EoE, inactive EoE, and normal esophageal mucosa. Eosinophil-associated protein levels were compared between EST effluents and esophageal biopsy extracts. Statistical modeling was performed to select biomarkers that best correlated with and predicted eosinophilic inflammation.

RESULTS:
One hundred thirty-four subjects (74 children, 60 adults) with active EoE (n = 62), inactive EoE (n = 37), and patient controls with a normal esophagus (n = 35) completed the study. EST-captured eosinophil-associated biomarkers correlated significantly with peak eosinophils/high-power field, endoscopic visual scoring, and the same proteins extracted from mucosal biopsies. Statistical modeling, using combined eotaxin-3 and major basic protein-1 concentrations, led to the development of EoE scores that distinguished subjects with active EoE from inactive EoE or normal esophagi. Eighty-seven percent of children, 95% of parents, and 92% of adults preferred the EST over endoscopy if it provided similar information.

DISCUSSION:
The 1-hour EST accurately distinguishes active from inactive EoE in children and adults and may facilitate monitoring of disease activity in a safe and minimally invasive fashion.
Lawngtlang Zophei Swadesh list
Authors: Lotven Samson Alexander , Sung Zai , Wamsley James Christian , Berkson Kelly Harper 
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a preliminary 100-item Swadesh word list for Lawngtlang Zophei. Zophei or Zyphe (ISO 639-3 ZYP) belongs to the Maraic branch of Kuki-Chin within the Tibeto-Burman language family (Eberhard et. al, 2019). Lawngtlang is a Zophei village in the Southeastern corner of the Zophei-speaking area in Thantlang Township, Chin State, Myanmar. Lawngtlang Zophei is considered to be part of the Lower (western) dialects of Zophei. The word list comes from the intuitions of our co-author Zai Sung, a 22-year-old native speaker born in Lawngtlang and currently living in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Resilience among secondary school students in South-Western Nigeria; association with abuse and neglect
Authors: Adeyera Oluwapelumi , Uchendu Obioma , Owoaje Eme 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Resilience, which aids coping and adjustment, prevents the development of mental health issues for individuals exposed to adversities. Abuse and neglect are some of the adversities that affect the health of adolescents. This study examined the relationship between abuse, neglect and resilience of adolescents.

Methods
The study adopted a cross-sectional design among 522 secondary school adolescents using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Information on socio-demographics, abuse, neglect and resilience were elicited. Associations were tested with significance set at 5%.

Results
The mean age of respondents was 15.9 ± 1.5, 301 (57.7%) were females and 144 (27.6%) were from polygamous homes. Two hundred and forty-three (46.4%) had high resilience, 141 (27.0%) moderate resilience and 138 (26.6%) had low resilience. Psychological, physical and sexual abuse were reported among 238 (45.7%), 168 (32.1%) and 45 (8.6%) adolescents, respectively, while 71 (13.6%) and 134 (25.8%) experienced psychological and physical neglect, respectively. Adolescents who experienced physical abuse and sexual abuse were about 2 and 2.5 times less likely, respectively, to have high resilience than those who did not experience physical and sexual abuse.

Conclusion
Abuse and neglect negatively influence resilience of adolescents. Interventions targeted at reducing abuse and neglect should be incorporated in adolescent health protocols to increase their resilience.
How Accurately Do Structural Asymmetric First-Price Auction Estimates Represent True Valuations?
Authors: Chernomaz Kirill , Yoshimoto Hisayuki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Structural asymmetric first-price auction estimation methods have provided numerous empirical studies. However, due to the latent nature of underlying valuations, the accuracy of estimates is not feasibly testable with field data, a fact that could inhibit empirical auction market designs and applications based on structural estimates. To assess their accuracy, we provide an analysis of estimates derived from experimental asymmetric auction data, in which researchers observe valuations. We test the null of statistical equivalence between the estimated and true value distributions against the alternative of non-equivalence. When advanced models are used, the Modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov test fails to reject the distributional equivalence, supporting structural asymmetric auction estimations for auction market studies. In addition, recovered efficiencies have plus-minus 2.5 percent precision, compared to the true efficiencies.
Zur Theorie der Ultraschallabsorption in Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Gierer A. , Wirtz K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Die Ultraschallabsorption quasikristalliner Flüssigkeiten beruht z. Tl. auf einem Relaxationseffekt der Struktur. Dieselben Störungen des quasikristallinen Gitters, auf denen die Fluidität beruht, sind auch für diese Relaxationsabsorptioi) verantwortlich. Die Lebensdauer einer Störung, und damit ihre Relaxationszeit, ist nach der Platzwechseltheorie durch die Platzwechselhäufigkeit eines Teilchens gegeben und läßt sich daher durch die Zähigkeit ausdrücken. Die Energie einer Störung läßt sich nicht unmittelbar angeben, soll jedoch ein wesentlicher Anteil der Platzwechselaktivierung sein, was durch die Experimente bestätigt wird. Sie verhält sich zur Verdampfungswärme eines Moleküls etwa wie das Volumen der Störung zum Molekülvolumen. In manchen Fällen treten starke Absorptionen mit größeren Relaxationszeiten auf. Sie lassen sich als zusätzliche Anregung innerer Freiheitsgrade oder als Dissoziationsprozeß fester gebundener molekularer Assoziate deuten. Im allgemeinen ist die Relaxationszeit um so größer, je höher die Ordnung des betreffenden Reaktionsvorgangs ist.
Über das Leuchten des Formaldehyds in der Glimmentladung
Authors: Schüler H. , Beinebeck L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In der positiven Säule einer Glimmentladungsröhre wird ein Formaldehyd-Spektrum beobachtet, das außer den in der Fluoreszenz erhaltenen Banden zwei weitere Banden im Violett erkennen läßt, die nicht mit den Absorptionsbanden in diesem Gebiet übereinstimmen. Es werden die Schwierigkeiten diskutiert, die sich durch diesen Befund ergeben, wenn man das bisher benutzte Termschema anwendet.
Weiter wird darauf hingewiesen, daß man zu einer befriedigenden Deutung der Beobachtungen am H2CO gelangt, wenn man mit zwei verschiedenen angeregten Elektronenzuständen rechnet. Legt man die von Lewis und Kasha entwickelten Vorstellungen zugrunde, so könnte man den in der Absorption beobachteten Anregungszustand als angeregten Singulett-zustand und den durch die Emission nachgewiesenen Zustand als Triplettzustand deuten. Dieser Triplettzustand wäre in der Absorption zunächst nur durch eine Bande (α) nachweisbar.
Neben dem H2CO-Spektrum wird in der gleichen Entladung ein Spektrum beobachtet, das früher im Flammenspektrum gefunden und dem CHO-Radikal zugeschrieben wurde. Für das Studium vieratomiger organischer
Ansatz zu einer divergenzfreien Quantenelektrodynamik
Authors: Ludwig Günther 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Im ersten Teile wird gezeigt, daß die Divergenzen der bisherigen Theorien nicht auf der Störungstheorie, sondern schon auf dem Wechselwirkungsansatz beruhen. Der zweite Teil zeigt die Möglichkeit einer Quantenelektrodynamik ohne Selbstenergie des Elektrons, für die allerdings ein einziges Elektron in der Welt keine Strahlung emittieren würde. Die Strahlung kommt erst durch die Wechselwirkung mit vielen anderen Elektronen zustande (Absorbertheorie).
Extended-Hückel Energy Band Structures of Organometallic Compounds with One-Dimensional Crystal Geometries
Authors: Koch Wolfhard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to rationalize the high electrical conductivity of 2,5-dimethyl-N,N'-dicyanoquinonediimine radical anion salts (2,5-DM-DCNQI) of copper, silver, and lithium, we performed onedimensional energy band structure calculations of extended-Hückel type (namely Self-Consistence of Charge, SCC) for one-dimensional models of these "organic conductors". In each case, SCC yields two overlapping incompletely occupied valence bands, which give rise to some evidence for the observed high electrical conductivity, in spite of the one-electron nature of the method. Furthermore, these two frontier energy bands do not contain any metallic orbital contribution, which suggests that the electron transport takes place in the organic stack of the 2,5-DM-DCNQI ligands only.
Neural Signal to Violations of Abstract Rules Using Speech-Like Stimuli
Authors: Vidal Yamil , Brusini Perrine , Bonfieni Michela , Mehler Jacques , Bekinschtein Tristan A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs the evidence of predictive processes playing a role in a wide variety of cognitive domains increases, the brain as a predictive machine becomes a central idea in neuroscience. In auditory processing, a considerable amount of progress has been made using variations of the Oddball design, but most of the existing work seems restricted to predictions based on physical features or conditional rules linking successive stimuli. To characterize the predictive capacity of the brain to abstract rules, we present here two experiments that use speech-like stimuli to overcome limitations and avoid common confounds. Pseudowords were presented in isolation, intermixed with infrequent deviants that contained unexpected phoneme sequences. As hypothesized, the occurrence of unexpected sequences of phonemes reliably elicited an early prediction error signal. These prediction error signals do not seemed to be modulated by attentional manipulations due to different task instructions, suggesting that the predictions are deployed even when the task at hand does not volitionally involve error detection. In contrast, the amount of syllables congruent with a standard pseudoword presented before the point of deviance exerted a strong modulation. Prediction error’s amplitude doubled when two congruent syllables were presented instead of one, despite keeping local transitional probabilities constant. This suggests that auditory predictions can be built integrating information beyond the immediate past. In sum, the results presented here further contribute to the understanding of the predictive capabilities of the human auditory system when facing complex stimuli and abstract rules.
A Few Remarks on the Scope of Judicial Review Performed by the Union Judge
Authors: Valančius Virgilijus 
Published: September 2019

This article presents some general aspects of the scope of judicial review applied by the Court of Justice of the European Union as well as its particularities in competition (the research comprises cases concerning agreements restricting competition and the abuse of a dominant position) and civil service cases. As legal texts of the European Union do not provide the precise scope of judicial control, the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union is one of the main sources giving clarifications on this issue. This article focuses accordingly on the presentation of the relevant jurisprudence, which analyzes the subject matter in general and reflects the evolution of this Court’s approach in the said competition and civil service cases.
Research on the Application of Phone Location Data in the Rapid Delimitation of the Meizoseismal Area
Authors: Chaoxu Xia , Gaozhong Nie , Xiaoke Pang , Xiwei Fan , Junxue Zhou , Huayue Li 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
After an earthquake, rapidly assessing the affected areas, particularly the meizoseismal area, is crucial to emergency rescue work. Currently, many methods exist for delimiting the range of the area affected by an earthquake. The main method for estimating this area is to use an empirical model of the seismic intensity attenuation relationship. In contrast, this article uses the change rate (CR) of the phones’ location data in an area after the earthquake to infer the extent of the meizoseismal area. This study selects phone location data from eight earthquakes for experimentation and analysis. The results show a correlation between the phone location data and the actual distribution of the meizoseismal area based on intensity maps that were issued by the China Earthquake Administration. According to the results, the extent of the meizoseismal area can be estimated by the magnitude, the focal depth, the CR, the time of the earthquake, and the distance to the epicenter. The magnitude, CR, and focal depth are dominant and are positively correlated with the intensity. Based on the aforementioned parameters, a calculation model for delimiting the extent of the meizoseismal area based on phone location data can be constructed. The accuracy of the correlation coefficient of fitting result is 0.7826, and the R2 value is 0.6125. The results demonstrate that phone location data can be used to quickly delimit the meizoseismal area and can provide a basis for earthquake emergency rescue work.
Comparison of the Recorded Significant Duration of the Lushan Earthquake with Empirical Model Predictions
Authors: Bai Yuzhu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing 72 free‐field accelerograms with the closest site‐rupture distances (Rrup) less than 300 km, this study calculates the recorded significant duration of the 2013 Mw 6.7 Lushan earthquake and compares the calculated results with empirical model predictions. The significant duration parameters are for 5%–75% (D5–75) and 5%–95% (D5–95) of the normalized Arias intensity. For Rrup<150  km, the models of Du and Wang (2017; hereafter, DW17) are relatively less biased in predicting the Lushan significant duration. The goodness‐of‐fit results indicate that the models of DW17, Afshari and Stewart (2016; hereafter, AS16), and Kempton and Stewart (2006; hereafter, KS06) are the best models to predict D5–75 of the Lushan event. Meanwhile, most of the selected empirical models predict the Lushan event better for D5–75 than for D5–95. Moreover, the enrichment of high‐frequency components of ground motion causes the recorded D5–95 of the Lushan event to be larger than median predictions in high‐frequency bands. Among the five selected earthquakes (1994 Mw 6.7 Northridge, 2003 Mw 6.5 San Simeon, 2004 Mw 6.6 Niigata, 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan, and 2013 Mw 6.7 Lushan earthquakes), the Lushan earthquake is predicted relatively better by all empirical models. The intraevent and interevent residuals of AS16 model from China earthquakes are within the scatter of those from the events in the Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 (NGA‐West2) database, indicating that the China earthquake significant duration is consistent with the model developed through the NGA‐West2 database. Furthermore, the regional dependences of significant duration are not observed for the Wenchuan or the Lushan earthquake.
TELAAH FUNGSI MAKNA LOGIS PADA CERITA RAKYAT TIMUN EMAS DAN TERJEMAHANNYA
Authors: Adika Dimas 
Published: September 2019

<p>This article discusses the function of logical meaning which can be identified from logico-semantic and taxis interdependence. This descriptive-qualitative research employs systemic functional linguistics approach. The data sources are all clause complexes in the Timun Emas folkflore written by the best IKAPI writer and translated into English by the translator of Litte Serambi. The function of logical meaning (projection, enhancement and extension) in source and target language spreads to all text structures, started from orientation, complication, evaluation, resolution and coda. The complication had distinctive feature of projection showed by dialogues between characters. Temporal series in the enhancement (time) plays pivotal role in constructing events. Then, the the extension function in Timun Emas folklore and its translation is worthwhile to give information for the comprehensible narrative with the help of chronological series from enhancement (time) function.Next, some changes of the logical meaning after translation process do not seemingly influence to the text structure of this folklore. </p><p> </p><p>Artikel ini membahas fungsi makna logis yang bisa dilihat dari hubungan semantik logika dan ketergantungan klausa dalam klausa-klausa kompleks. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan linguistik sistemik fungsional. Sumber data berupa seluruh klausa kompleks dalam cerita rakyat Timun Emas yang ditulis penulis terbaik IKAPI beserta terjemahan yang dihasilkan penerbit Little Serambi. Fungsi proyeksi, ganda dan ekstensi baik pada bahasa sumber maupun bahasa sasaran terdapat pada seluruh bagian struktur teks dimulai dari orientasi, komplikasi, evaluasi, resolusi dan koda. Bagian komplikasi menjadi khas dari fungsi proyeksi lokusi parataksis yang berupa dialog antar tokoh. Rangkaian temporal dalam fungsi ganda (waktu) memerankan peranan yang penting dalam konstruksi kejadian. Kemudian, kemunculan fungsi ekstensi cerita rakyat Timun Emas dan terjemahannya bermanfaat untuk memberikan informasi agar pembaca mudah memahami cerita dengan bantuan rangkaian kronologis fungsi ganda (waktu). Terakhir, beberapa perubahan fungsi logis setelah diterjemahkan tidak berpengaruh kepada struktur teks narasi cerita rakyat ini.</p>