bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismicity in the Vicinity of Dams on Himalayan Rivers and the Problem of Reservoir Induced Earthquakes
Authors: Gupta Harsh K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The question of Reservoir Induced Seismicity (RIS) in the Vicinity of dams across Himalayan Rivers specifically the large reservoirs (exceeding a capacity of 1 km3 and/or the height of the dam bemg 100 m and more), is examined. The thrust fault environment, generally prevalent in the Himalayan foothills, is not conducive for RIS. All the eleven large reservoir on the Himalayan rivers are located in regions of high seismicity and earthquakes of magnitude =7 have occurred, in the past within 100 km of these dam sites. Occurrence of Similar natural earthquakes (not induced by the reservoirs) in the future is quite probable It is absolutely essential to carty out necessary seismic surveillance at large reservoirs at the planning stage.
The Conglomerates of Middle Andaman and their Geologic Significance
Authors: Parthasarathy T. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fluvial conglomerates, separating two flysch sequences have been identified at several places in Middle Andaman island. These conglomerates are characterised by poorly sorted, polymictic, well-rounded to sub-rounded pebbles, and consist of black cherty quartzite, vein quartz, slaty phyllite, andesite-basalt, reddish jasper, limestone, serpentinite and tuffaceous rocks. The linear continuity of the conglomerate is broken and its thickness much affected by structural deformation.
The conglomerates appear to have been initially deposited as lags on steep slopes and later resedimented in deep waters of the basin. It is implied thereby that the Middle Andaman conglomerate represents unconformable unit separating two sequences of flysch beds, and marking a period of tectonic uplift. It is suggested that the uplift of the source area followed the deposition of the older flysch sequence and perhaps the basalt andesitic volcanism also. Such an uplift may be linked with the oft-suggested subduction of Indian Ocean plate along Indo-Burma-Andaman-Nicobar-Sunda arc boundary.
Malani Igneous Suite: Hot-Spot Magmatism and Cratonization of the Northern Part of the Indian Shield
Authors: Kochhar Naresh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The trans-Aravalli igneous activity of Malani suite of western Rajasthan comprising non-orogenic peraluminous (Jalore and Tusham) to peralkaline (Siwana) granites with the cogenetic carapace of acid volcanics are characterized by ring structures. This alkaline (as opposed to subduction related calc-alkaline) magmatism which was due to hot-spot activity in the region is interpreted as the final tectono-magmatic event that marked the cratonization (stabilization) of the northern part of the Indian shield after the closure of Aravalli-Delhi orogenic cycles. The alkaline to subalkaline magmatism in the form of ring shaped intrusions of nepheline syenites, carbonatites and kimberlites is indicative of tensional environments which existed in the region prior to the emplacement of Malani suite of rocks. The nucleus of the Indo-Gangetic rift was probably formed some 1000 Ma ago. The cratonization was completed with the deposition of Vindhya Platform sediments. The scope of tin mineralization in the region is also discussed in the light of trace element data.
Scanning Electron Microscope Investigations of Bauxite of Salem, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Mukherjee B. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Scanning Electron Microscope studies of bauxite from Shevaroys and Kolli Hills. Tamil Nadu, bring out the main microtextural features of these deposits. Microtextures like crystalline-webby, framework-type and collomorphous spongy, are more prevalent in these high-level bauxite deposits.
Studies on Zircon - Host Rock/Sediment Association along Manimala River Meanders in Kerala
Authors: Nair A. M. , Narayanaswamy  
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Comparative morphometric analysis of zircons from sediments and charnockite-quartzo-feldspathic gneiss-pegmatite rock units along the Manimala river valley in Kottayam and Alleppey districts of Kerala has brought to light a unimodal-bimodal size frequency distribution of zircons transported via a major meander near Komalam in Alleppey district. The slope variation in the up-mid (meander)-downstream zircons is 25°28' to 30°17'. The trapping of heavy minerals (0.002%-0.004%) by the meander has also affected the anticipated coastward enrichment of zircons. RMA plots for the rocks reveal the self-nucleated origin of zircons and the dispersion of trend lines suggests phases of zircon crystallization. Heavy minerals released from the rocks as revealed from zircon morphometry, are not carried through to the coast. Nevertheless, the coastward enrichment of Cu-Pb-Zn concentration indicates a steady flow right up to the coast of only the fine sediment fraction with these absorbed elements.
A Geochemical Approach to Delineate Target Areas for Copper Mineralization Around Kesarpur in Northern Orissa, India
Authors: Bose S. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Geochemical maps for copper, based on 355 samples comprising B horizon soils and ferruginous nodular concretions collected from a depth of 0.3 to 1.5 m along predetermined traverse lines in the test areas,have brought out anomaly zones of restricted strike lengths delineating the possible trend of sub-surface mineralization. Cumulative probability plots have indicated bimodal density distribution for the Dudhiasol West Block and polymodal complex distribution for the Kesarpur Block. Critical assessment of threshold values of partitioned populations on the probability plots, helped in suggesting priority areas for follow-up exploration. Geophysical prospecting carried out in these areas has broadly corroborated the geochemical data. Subsequent drilling has substantiated much of the geochemical findings.
Tectonic History of Parts of Bhima Basin and its Influence on Groundwater Conditions in Gulburga District, Karnataka
Authors: Krishna Rao G. , Gopala Rao K. , Raghava Rao K. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Southern part of Bhima basin was displaced transversly towards west. The net slip of this fault on the northern part is about 35 km. Second order shears are numerous in the area. Gravity and thrust faults are also observed in the region. Folds of plunging, non-plunging and superposed types are identified. The basin seems to be tilted towards north at 5° or, possibly, the central part of the basin is sunken.
There is a distinct variation in groundwater potentiality between the tectonic and non-tectonic regions of both Archaeans and Bhimas. The water table is invariably shallow along the tectonized zones. The unit area specific capacity of wells in the non-tectonic regions falls below 2.01pm/m/m2 while it varies upto 55.01pm/m/m2 in the tectonic zones. Seepages and springs are located at a number of places in the tectonic zones and also along the 'nala' courses. Their recorded discharges during the summer period vary from 50 to 200 m3/hr.
New Symmetrodonts from Kota Formation (Early Jurassic), India
Authors: Yadagiri P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The limestone and clay members of Kota Formation of Upper Gondwana sequence has yielded abundant piscean fauna. pterosaurs and dinosaurs including mammals. The ossiferous zone is found to extend for about 40 km in strike length. Two new symmetrodonts are recognized in the collection.
Trishulotherium kotaensis gen. et sp. nov and Indotherium pranhitai gen. et sp. nov are described and their significance in the evolutionary history of symmetrodonts is outlined.
Superimposition of Early Palaeozoic Contact Metamorphism by Tertiary Regional Metamorphism Around Dalash, District Kulu, Himachal Pradesh (India)
Authors: Guru Rajan N. S. , Virdi N. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Chail Formation in Dalash area, Himachal Pradesh is intruded by a number of small granitic bodies which represent off-shoots of the Mandi-Karsog granite pluton of early Palaeozoic age. At the contact of these intrusions, hornfelses are observed characterized by mineral assemblages biotite-andalusite-sillimanite-K-feldspar, exhibiting hornblende-hornfels facies conditions of contact metamorphism. The hornfelses along with the other country rocks have undergone regional metamorphism under greenschist to epidote-amphibolite facies conditions during the Tertiary Himalayan Orogeny.
Rb-Sr Ages of Granitic Rocks Within the Lesser Himalayan Nappes, Kumaun, India
Authors: Trivedi J. R. , Gopalan K. , Valdiya K. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron analyses of granitic components of the two prominent tectono-stratigraphic units, the Ramgarh and Almora Groups, in the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya yield two relatively coherent age clusters around 1800 Ma and 550 Ma, respectively. The older age corresponds to the porphyritic granites, quartz-porphyry and augen gneisses from the Ramgarh Nappe, the basal parts of the synformal Almora Nappe and the Askot-Dharamghar Klippen in the inner Lesser Himalaya, whereas the younger age is restricted to the massive Champawat Granodiorite - Almora Granite emplaced in the upper part of the Almora Nappe. The older rock seems to occur also in the root zone at the base of the Great Himalaya. The early Palaeozoic granites appear to be very widespread, extending both into the Himachal Pradesh and Nepal sectors. The spatial distribution of the two age components has been used to infer the possible relationships between the two lithotectonic units.
Petrography and Tectonic Setting of the Andaman Ophioilite Suite With a Note on its Evolution
Authors: Dhana Raju R. , Negi B. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Andaman ophiolite suite, consists of ultramafic to mafic plutonites, basic volcanics and chert beds. Ophiolites were emplaced as linear belts along major and deep 'seated N-S-trending fault zones in eugeosynclinal flysch series of the Port Blair Group. Ultramafic plutonites include dominant serpentinile and minor dunite, harzburgite and Tare pyroxenite, with the last three exhibiting different degrees of serpentinization. Among the mafic and related plutonites, olivine-gabbro and gabbro are dominant. A layered complex, comprising olivine-gabbro, gabbro, anorthositic gabbro and anortho- site. is recorded near Kodiaghat in South Andaman island.
Low grade metamorphic effects under the greenschist facies conditions and metasomatic alteration, of varying intensity culminating finally in near-total serpentinization together with high-temperature contact metamorphism are recorded.
A model involving partial melting of a CO2-Saturated upper mantle material of 'Spinel-peridotite at about 20 K bar pressure leading to the formation of an alkalic basalt that got separated and extruded first from a probable hot-spot within the Indian Ocean Plate is suggested. This was followed by the intrusion of ultramafics along deep seated N-S trending fault zones in the eugeosyncline involving vertical tectonics. The Andaman ophiolites were not involved in any obduction or large scale lateral migration, and hence may be considered as belonging to an autochthonous-type, in contrast to many on-land allochthonous ophiolites.
Otoceras Bed of Himalaya and Permian-Triassic Boundary-Assessment and Elucidation With Conodont Data
Authors: Bhatt D. K. , Arora R. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The history of research on the chronostratigraphic status of Otoceros fauna of Himalaya has been traced and the brachiopod, pelecypod and ammonoid biostratigraphy of the classical Otoceras bed of Himalayan sections has been critically reviewed. It is observed that the impact of over-all change in the palaeobiological communities, in the sense of change from Palaeozoic to Mesozoic, is better discernible at the base of Ophiceras bed. This megafaunal observation is supported from the vertical distribution of conodonts. This calls for revision of the traditional view of placing the Permian-Triassic boundary at the base of Otocerus bed.
Tertiary Larger Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of Khuzdar, Pakistan
Authors: Kureshy A. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Khuzdar is situated on the axial belt in the southern part of the Lower Indus basin of Pakistan. The stratigraphy of Khuzdar is predominantly of Cenozoic strata with some Mesozoic deposits, which are of partly marine and partly non-marine origin. The marine carbonate facies are restricted from Paleocene to Early Miocene, belonging to Khadro, Niasi, Khojak and Hinglaj Formations. The Khadro Formation is characterized by Miscellanea miscella, Assilina dandotica. Actinosiphon tibetiea and Discocyclina archiaci of Paleocene age. The Niasi Formation is characterized by Assilina laminosa, A. granulosa, A. callcellata. Nummulites perforatus. N. discorbinus, Diseocyclina dispansa. Alveolina subpyrenaica, and Orbitolites complanata of Eocene age. The Khojak Formation is characterized by Nummulites fichteli, N. intermedius, and Lepidocyclina dilatata of Oligocene age. The Hinglaj Formation of Early Miocene is characterized by Miogypsina gunteri, Lepidocyclina marginata, and Miogypsinoides dehaarti. Post Mio-cene deposits are of non-marine origin.
Geomorphologic Development Across the Active Main Boundary Thrust, An Example from the Nainital Hills in Kumaun Himalaya
Authors: Valdiya K. S. , Joshi D. D. , Sanwal R. , Tandon S. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Main Boundary Thrust marking the tectonic junction between the Lesser Himalaya and Siwalik molasse represents a zone along which underthrusting still occurs. Depositional terraces formed as a consequence of subrecent and historical landslides have been faulted and displaced vertically as well as horizontally in the Balia Valley, which follows the zone of the Main Boundary Thrust. Vertical scarps and triangular facets on the hillsides, uplift and dissection by faults of terraces and landslide fans, and presence of abandoned valleys across the Main Boundary Thrust, further bear testimony to recent movements. The burden of evidence points to uplift of the Siwalik domain by 30 to 80m relative to the Lesser Himalayan belt.
Kuppalapalle Volcanics - A Distinct Upper Papaghni Volcanic Activity in the Cuddapah Basin
Authors: Srikantia S. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The volcanic episode in the Cuddapah Basin requires to be given a specific position in the stratigraphic column, as volcanics occupy definite position in time and space. Kuppalapalle Volcanics is the new name proposed for a distinct Upper Papaghni phase of volcanic activity which is post-Vempalle and pre-Pulivendla, representing a sequence of several lava flows.
Core Journals Used by Indian Geoscientists (1978-82 )
Authors: Nijagunappa Revanna , Nijagunappa Parvathamma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that in a given scientific subject, a relatively few core journals are likely to contain a substantial number of papers and articles bearing on that discipline, and the rest of the papers and articles are usually scattered in a large number of journals that are peripheral to the discipline. In this paper, an attempt has been made to identify the core list of research journals frequently used by Indian geoscientists in the field of earth science. Despite some limitations, corejournals can be used as the basis for developing current awareness services and for resource allocation in developing core collection in Indian libraries and information centres.
Gondwana Sedimentation in Ramagundam-Mantheni Area, Godavari Valley Basin
Authors: Ramanamurthy B. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The existence of 450 ± 50 m of Barren Measures, underlain by Barakar Formation and overlain by the coal-bearing lower member of Kamthi Formation has been established in this field.
The depositional environment as deduced from the textural analysis, shows that it was initially glacial, followed by glaciofluvial, and flood basin complex of either anastomosed or braided river system, interchanging at times with lacustrine conditions. The till fabric and palaeocurrent analysis indicate an overall northerly current direction, with occasional swings to either north-northwest or north-northeast, hence a northerly palaeosiope with a southerly located provenance is indicated.
Pebble lithology, light and heavy mineral composition of the sediments, together with palaeocurrent data, reveal that the main source of detritus was the Peninsular gneiss, with the associated Proterozoic sediments.
Dip Isogon Patterns and Fold Classes in Banded Iron Formation of Donimalai Area, Sandur, Karnataka
Authors: Murthy P. S. N. , Chatterji A. K. , Kameswara Rao K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Folds belonging to two generations are identified which have been named as early and late structures. It is possible that the early structures may include folds of two different generations, the more compressed (F1A) and less compressed (F1B). The late structures are referred to as (F2).
The F1A folds show parallel isogon pattern, while F1B folds have weakly converging isogon pattern, suggesting their flexural nature. The late generation folds F2 have bands with convergent isogons alternating with divergent isogons. The isogons' analyses did not reveal any systematic difference in competency between hematite and chert. Gaps between two layers with similar curvature, however, are filled by hematite, suggesting that hematite was less competent compared to chert.
ta (ta/to) measurements were carried out on different layers of all folds. The observations are; (1) the layers in F1A folds predominantly belong to class 3 or 1C (2) the F1B fold layers belong to class 1A, 1C and 3, (3) the F2 folds predominantly belong to class 1A though other classes are also present. The F1A are most flattened and F2 are least compressed. The fold geometry is very complex, as the same layer falls under different classes of folds at different values. Apart from the complexity of folding, this may be partly due to the original feature of banding.
Presence of disharmonic folds and variation of wave length with thickness of layers suggest that the folds were initiated by buckling. The F1A folds underwent considerable flattening subsequently due to compresssion.
Biogeochemistry of Chromium and Vanadium from Mineralised Zones of Kondapalli and Putrela, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Prasad E. A. V. , Vijayasaradhi D. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Unlike serpentine soils, reported from different parts of the world, those occurring in the mineralised zones of chromite in Kondapalli area do not show any characteristic vegetation to demarcate and differentiate the serpentine soils from the adjoining nonserpentine soils. However, Ocimum adsendens is found to be an accumulator of chromium, occurring exclusively on the chromite ore body, and serves as an indicator plant. NJ plant is found to be an indicator of vanadium in vanadiferous magnetite of Putrela.
Zoophycos from the Permian Gungri Member (Kuling Formation), Spiti Valley, Himachal Himalaya
Authors: Bhargava O. N. , Srivastava R. N. , Gadhoke S. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ichnogenus Zoophycos is reported from the upper part of the Gungri Member (Kuling Formation) in several sections. It occurs in a 2-3 m thick horizon 25-30 m below the contact of the Kuling Formation and Triassic Lilang Group.
The Kunduru Betta Ring Intrusion, Malavalli, Karnataka, South India
Authors: Friend C. R. L. , Mahabaleswar B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Field evidence is presented which allows the syenitic and granitic rocks occurring at Kunduru Betta to be reinterpreted as a ring intrusion. The syenitic rocks were intruded first and are divided into three major types based upon their field, textural and mineralogical characteristics which may be related to the conditions of crystallization.
Crystallization began with saturated syenite and ended with markedly silica oversaturated Quartz syenite. The granitic stock in the centre of the complex clearly crosscuts the syenitic rocks and is itself cut by later aplite dykes which also extend into the syenite and the country rocks. Both the syenite and the granite display lithological and sub-vertical mineralogical layering which is described for the first time.
Conodont Zonation, Biofacies and Provinces in the Triassic
Authors: Budurov K. J. , Gupta V. J. , Sudar Milan N. , Buryi Galina J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A conodont zonation is recommended for all conodont domains to be used in recognition of conodont biofacies and consideration of provinces during the Triassic.
Four principal conodont biofacies are recognized and precisely defined, viz., Neogonaolella- Paragondolella, Parachirognathus- Furnishius, Carinella-Pseudofurnishius, and Gladigondolella. Both vertical and horizontal distribution of component bioelement of conodont biofacies is described, and their paleoecological or lithological characteristics discussed. The stratigraphic and geographic characteristics, presence of conodont biofacies, relative diflerences or similarities, etc. of the Triassic conodont provinces (Tethyan-Pacific, Germanic and Balkanide) are discussed in detail.
Pseudotachylytes of the Bavali Fault Zone, Cannanore District, North Kerala
Authors: Sinha-Roy S. , Ravindra Kumar G. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pseudotachylyte veins occur sporadically within deformed granodiorite-tonalite body and mylonitic gneiss of possible Sargur-equivalent sequence in North Kerala. Pseudotachylyte-bearing zones constitute a part of the wide Bavali fault zone, a continuation of the Moyar shear zone. The second phase of deformation of probable Mid Late Proterozoic age shows a progression in strain regime from mylonite-forming ductile strain through moderate strain rate stage forming ultramylonite to a high strain rate stage forming pseudotachylyte. Pseudotachylyte developed via comminution and frictional melting at different stages within the fault zone. Although it appears to be in place of its origin; pseudotachylyte has not strictly attained 'minimum' melt composition.
Yong Limestone of Tethys Himalaya- Its Stratigraphic Status and Palynological Fossils
Authors: Khanna Ashok K. , Sinha Anshu K. , Sah S. C. D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Stratigraphic status of Yong Limestone has been formally instituted following the Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature of India. A reasonably rich palynological assembIage, consisting of 11 Chitinozoan and 9 scolecodont forms, have been recorded from this stratal sequence. Chitinozoan evidence indicates that Yong Limestone may be a time transgressive unit. The Ordovician-Silurian boundary perhaps lies within the lower part of this formation.
The Cambrian Age of Magnesites from E. Nepal as Determined through the Discovery of Paleo Basidiospores
Authors: Brunel M. , Chaye D'Albissin M. , Locquin M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The discovery of micro-organisms in a sparry magnesite, within carbonate rocks underlying the Main Central Thrust (M.C.T.) is related. The structural background of this part of the Lesser Himalayas is briefly described. First a mineralogical study of fossiliferous magnesite, then a description of the organisms found are given. A preliminary interpretation is proposed; the organisms are determined as paleobasidiospores, the age of which converge to the late Proterozoic and early Cambrian times. This datation is of great value for the structural interpretation of the area which had not the support of any paleontological arguments before.