bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short term effects of a weight loss and healthy lifestyle programme for overweight and obese men delivered by German football clubs
Authors: Pietsch Benjamin , Weisser Burkhard , Hanewinkel Reiner , Gray Cindy , Hunt Kate , Wyke Sally , Morgenstern Matthis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNumbers of obese and overweight people continue to grow in Germany as they do worldwide. Men are affected more often but do less about it and few weight loss services attract men in particular. To evaluate the effectiveness of a men‐only weight loss programme, Football Fans in Training (FFIT), delivered by football clubs in the German Bundesliga, we did a non‐randomized trial with a waiting list control group. Participants’ data were collected between January 2017 and July 2018. FFIT is a 12‐week, group‐based, weight loss programme and was delivered in stadia and facilities of 15 professional German Bundesliga clubs. Inclusion criteria were age 35–65 years, BMI ≥ 28 and waist circumference ≥100 cm. Clubs recruited participants through Social Media, E‐Mail and match day advertisement. 477 German male football fans were allocated to the intervention group by order of registration date at their respective clubs. 84 participants on the waiting list were allocated to the control group. Primary outcome was mean difference in weight loss with treatment condition over time as independent variable. We performed a multilevel mixed‐effects linear regression analysis. Results were based on Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis with Multiple Imputation. After 12 weeks, the mean weight loss of the intervention group adjusted for club, course and participants’ age was 6.24 kg (95% CI 5.82–6.66) against 0.50 kg (−0.47–1.49) in the comparison group (p < 0.001). The results indicate that Football Fans in Training effectively helped German men to reduce their weight and waist circumference.
Works of Art and Mere Real Things—Again
Authors: Gaskell Ivan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Citing works by Marcel Duchamp and others, this article argues that the transformation of what Danto termed a mere real thing into an artwork, and of an artwork into a mere real thing, are not symmetrical operations. It argues that mere real things and artworks not only belong to different categories, but that these categories are themselves of different kinds—the former being closed, and the latter open. Viewing mere real things through the lens of art leads to confusion. Amending Goodman’s question, ‘When is art?’, this article suggests that one can only arrive at working definitions of what constitutes both an artwork and a mere real thing on the basis of contingent function. The adequate analysis of any given thing or action necessitates viewing it in accordance with an appropriate paradigm, whether that of an artwork, a thought experiment, or even a prank. Adequate analysis requires disciplinary dexterity, deference when appropriate, and multi-disciplinary attention best achieved through collaboration.
Coastal songbird condition on migratory stopover varies by geographical location and bird age
Authors: McCabe Jennifer D , Leppold Adrienne J , Holberton Rebecca L , Olsen Brian J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The period of migration can pose significant energetic challenges as birds attempt to reach their destinations. Suitable stopover habitat is, therefore, important to the success of migrating individuals, especially as they move along major migration corridors and geographic features, like coastlines. In this study, we used metrics of individual body condition (i.e. fat score, size-corrected body mass, and refueling rate) of fall migrants as they moved across the Gulf of Maine region, a complex coastal landscape. We investigated the extent to which these body condition indices varied by stopover site geography (island vs. mainland) and how these spatial patterns varied with species-specific characteristics such as migratory distance, foraging guild, and age. Geography was an important factor explaining variation in all 3 condition indices, and age explained additional variance in 2 of the 3. In general, individuals captured on islands exhibited significantly lower energetic condition than individuals on the mainland, and this pattern held true across all migratory strategies and foraging guilds. Immature individuals had, on average, lower energy reserves, with less fat and lower size-corrected mass than adults among all stopover sites. We also found that at all sites, size-corrected body mass, on average, significantly increased over the capture day, providing evidence that both island and mainland sites provided energetically beneficial stopover habitat. Our finding that birds offshore are in lower body condition at capture than those along the coast is suggestive that birds use mainland sites for longer stopover bouts than island sites, or that poorer condition birds reorient to land during over-water movements disproportionately use off-shore islands as their initial landing area. Decreases in either island or mainland stopover site availability or quality may affect individual fitness, with population-level consequences, but through different ways.
Survival, fidelity, and dispersal of Double-crested Cormorants on two Lake Michigan islands
Authors: Ayers Christopher R , Hanson-Dorr Katie C , Stromborg Ken , Arnold Todd W , Ivan Jacob S , Dorr Brian S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Colony fidelity and dispersal can have important consequences on the population dynamics of colonial-nesting birds. We studied survival and inter-colony movements of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus; cormorants) nesting at Spider and Pilot islands, located 9 km apart in western Lake Michigan, during 2008–2014. We used live resighting and dead recovery data from both colonies, plus dead recoveries from throughout North America, in a multistate live and dead encounter model to estimate annual survival, inter-colony movements, plus temporary and permanent emigration to unmonitored sites. Annual survival averaged 0.37 (annual process variation, σ⌢=0.07) for hatch-year, 0.78 (σ⌢=0.08 ) for second-year, and 0.89 (σ⌢=0.04 ) for after-second year birds. The best approximating model recognized only 2 age classes for transition probabilities, indicating little difference in fidelity and movement probabilities after the natal year. Annual fidelity to Spider and Pilot islands averaged 0.53 (σ⌢=0.17 ) and 0.48 (σ⌢=0.24) for second-year and 0.55 (σ⌢=0.23 ) and 0.62 (σ⌢=0.16 ) for after-second year cormorants, respectively, indicating substantial emigration for both age classes. For birds that dispersed, emigration was approximately equally divided among neighboring colonies, temporary emigration sites from which surviving birds subsequently returned, or permanent emigration sites from which birds never returned (but were still encountered through dead recoveries). Our results indicate that Double-crested Cormorants in the Great Lakes have tremendous potential to disperse, which may help to explain their rapid recolonization following historically low populations in the early 1970s.
A Subset of Olfactory Sensory Neurons Express Forkhead Box J1-Driven eGFP
Authors: Larson Eric D , Pathak Shivani , Ramakrishnan Vijay R , Finger Thomas E 
Published: August 2019

AbstractForkhead box protein J1 (FOXJ1), a member of the forkhead family transcription factors, is a transcriptional regulator of motile ciliogenesis. The nasal respiratory epithelium, but not olfactory epithelium, is lined with FOXJ1-expressing multiciliated epithelial cells with motile cilia. In a transgenic mouse where an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) transgene is driven by the human FOXJ1 promoter, robust eGFP expression is observed not only in the multiciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium but in a distinctive small subset of olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium. These eGFP-positive cells lie at the extreme apical part of the neuronal layer and are most numerous in dorsal-medial regions of olfactory epithelium. Interestingly, we observed a corresponding small number of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb wherein eGFP-labeled axons terminate, suggesting that the population of eGFP+ receptor cells expresses a limited number of olfactory receptors. Similarly, a subset of vomeronasal sensory neurons expresses eGFP and is distributed throughout the full height of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium. In keeping with this broad distribution of labeled vomeronasal receptor cells, eGFP-labeled axons terminate in many glomeruli in both anterior and posterior portions of the accessory olfactory bulb. These findings suggest that Foxj1-driven eGFP marks a specific population of olfactory and vomeronasal sensory neurons, although neither receptor cell population possess motile cilia.
Quinolone Consumption by Mothers Increases Their Children’s Risk of Acquiring Quinolone-Resistant Bacteriuria
Authors: Gottesman Bat-Sheva , Low Marcelo , Almog Ronit , Chowers Michal 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Quinolone resistance has been documented in the pediatric population, although their use is limited in children. This study investigated the effect of maternal quinolone use on gram-negative bacterial resistance to quinolones in their offspring.

Methods
We conducted a population-based, unmatched case-control study during 2010–2017. Cases were all children aged 0.5–17 years with community acquired, gram-negative quinolone-resistant bacteriuria. Controls were similar children with quinolone-sensitive bacteriuria. Only the first positive urine cultures for each child were included. Data on quinolones dispensed to the mother, any antibiotics dispensed to the children, age, sex, ethnicity, and prior hospitalizations were collected. Children with previous quinolone use were excluded.

Results
The study population consisted of 40 204 children. Quinolone resistance was detected in 2182 (5.3%) urine cultures. The median age was 5 years, with 93.7% females and 77.6% Jewish. A total of 26 937 (65%) of the children received any antibiotic and 1359 (3.2%) of the mothers received quinolones in the 6 months preceding bacteriuria. Independent risk factors were quinolone dispensed to the mothers (odds ratio [OR], 1.50 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.22–1.85]), Arab ethnicity (OR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.81–2.19]), and antibiotic dispensed to the child (OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.38–1.71]). Compared with children aged 12–17 years, younger children had 1.33–1.43 increased odds for quinolone-resistant bacteriuria.

Conclusions
Quinolone prescription to mothers was linked to increased risk of community-acquired, quinolone-resistant bacteria in their offspring, by about 50%. This is another example of the deleterious ecological effects of antibiotic use and should be considered when prescribing antibiotics.
Influence of Drug Exposure on Vedolizumab-Induced Endoscopic Remission in Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor [TNF] Naïve and Anti-TNF Exposed IBD Patients
Authors: Verstockt Bram , Mertens Evelien , Dreesen Erwin , Outtier An , Noman Maja , Tops Sophie , Schops Ganel , Van Assche Gert , Vermeire Séverine , Gils Ann , Ferrante Marc 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Vedolizumab has demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]. Endoscopic outcome data are limited, especially in anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] naïve patients. The present study compared endoscopic outcome in anti-TNF naïve and exposed patients, and explored if this was affected by drug exposure.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed all patients initiating vedolizumab at our tertiary referral centre since 2015. For UC, endoscopic improvement was defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore ≤1 at week 14. For CD, endoscopic remission was defined as absence of ulcerations at week 22. Vedolizumab trough concentrations were measured at week 6, week 14 and during maintenance.

Results
A total of 336 patients were identified [53.3% CD], 20% of them being anti-TNF naïve. Endoscopic improvement was achieved by 56.1% of UC patients and endoscopic remission by 39.1% of CD patients. Endoscopic outcomes were significantly better in anti-TNF naïve vs exposed patients [all: 67.2% vs 42.0%, p = 0.0002; UC: 74.4% vs 50.0%, p = 0.02; CD: 57.1% vs 35.8%, p = 0.03]. Achievement of endoscopic end points significantly impacted long-term treatment continuation [p = 9.7 × 10−13]. A better endoscopic outcome was associated with significantly higher drug exposure in both CD and UC.

Conclusions
The results of this observational, single-centre real-life study suggest that vedolizumab may induce endoscopic remission in both CD and UC. Although anti-TNF naïve patients had a significantly better outcome, 42% of anti-TNF exposed patients still benefited endoscopically. A clear exposure–endoscopic response relationship exists, but not all patients will benefit from treatment intensification. Hence, predictive biomarkers remain necessary.

Podcast
This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast
Establishment, Hybridization, Dispersal, Impact, and Decline of Diorhabda spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Released for Biological Control of Tamarisk in Texas and New Mexico
Authors: Knutson Allen E , Tracy James L , Ritzi Chris , Moran Patrick J , Royer Tom , Deloach C Jack 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Three Diorhabda spp. tamarisk beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were established in Texas from 2003 to 2010 for biological control of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.): Mediterranean tamarisk beetles, D. elongata (Brullé) from Greece, also established in New Mexico; subtropical tamarisk beetles, D. sublineata (Lucas) from Tunisia; and larger tamarisk beetles, D. carinata (Faldermann) from Uzbekistan. More than one million tamarisk beetles were released at 99 sites. Species establishment success ranged from 52 to 83%. All three species now co-occur in New Mexico with the northern tamarisk beetles, D. carinulata (Desbrochers). A phenotypic hybrid scoring system was developed to assess Diorhabda phenotype distributions and character mixing in hybrid zones. Widespread field populations of bispecific hybrid phenotypes for D. carinata/D. elongata and D. sublineata/D. elongata rapidly appeared following contact of parental species. Initial distributions and dispersal of Diorhabda spp. and hybrids are mapped for Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Kansas, where they produced large-scale tamarisk defoliation and localized dieback for 3–4 yr. However, populations subsequently severely declined, now producing only isolated defoliation and allowing tamarisk to recover. Diorhabda sublineata and D. elongata temporarily produced nontarget spillover defoliation of ornamental athel, Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst, along the Rio Grande. Hybrid phenotypes were generally bimodally distributed, indicating some degree of reproductive isolation. Additional diagnostic phenotypic characters in males allowed more precise hybrid scoring. Character mixing in some hybrid populations approached or reached that of a hybrid swarm. The significance of hybridization for tamarisk biocontrol is discussed.
Socioeconomic status and benzodiazepine and Z-drug prescribing: a cross-sectional study of practice-level data in England
Authors: Soyombo Stephanie , Stanbrook Rhian , Aujla Harpal , Capewell David , Shantikumar Mary , Kidy Farah , Todkill Daniel , Shantikumar Saran 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (such as zopiclone) are widely prescribed in primary care. Given their association with addiction and dependence, understanding where and for whom these medications are being prescribed is a necessary step in addressing potentially harmful prescribing.

Objective
To determine whether there is an association between primary care practice benzodiazepine and Z-drug prescribing and practice population socioeconomic status in England.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. An aggregated data set was created to include primary care prescribing data for 2017, practice age and sex profiles and practice Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) scores—a marker of socioeconomic status. Drug doses were converted to their milligram-equivalent of diazepam to allow comparison. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between IMD and prescribing (for all benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in total, and individually), adjusting for practice sex (% male) and older age (>65 years) distribution (%).

Results
Benzodiazepine and Z-drug prescribing overall was positively associated with practice-level IMD score, with more prescribing in practices with more underserved patients, after adjusting for age and sex (P < 0.001), although the strength of the association varied by individual drug. Overall, however, IMD score, age and sex only explained a small proportion of the overall variation in prescribing across GP practices.

Conclusion
Our findings may, in part, be a reflection of an underlying association between the indications for benzodiazepine and Z-drug prescribing and socioeconomic status. Further work is required to more accurately define the major contributors of prescribing variation.
A synopsis of recent developments defining how N-glycosylation impacts immunoglobulin G structure and function
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Barb Adam W 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the fastest growing group of drugs with 11 new antibodies or antibody-drug conjugates approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2018. Many mAbs require effector function for efficacy, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity triggered following contact of an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-coated particle with activating crystallizable fragment (Fc) γ receptors (FcγRs) expressed by leukocytes. Interactions between IgG1 and the FcγRs require post-translational modification of the Fc with an asparagine-linked carbohydrate (N-glycan). Though the structure of IgG1 Fc and the role of Fc N-glycan composition on disease were known for decades, the underlying mechanism of how the N-glycan affected FcγR binding was not defined until recently. This review will describe the current understanding of how N-glycosylation impacts the structure and function of the IgG1 Fc and describe new techniques that are poised to provide the next critical breakthroughs.
Is evidence-informed urban health planning a myth or reality? Lessons from a qualitative assessment in three Asian cities
Authors: Mirzoev Tolib , Poudel Ak Narayan , Gissing Stefanie , Doan Thi Thuy Duong , Ferdous Tarana , Regmi Shophika , Duong Minh Duc , Baral Sushil , Chand Obindra , Huque Rumana , Hoang Van Minh , Elsey Helen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
City governments are well-positioned to effectively address urban health challenges in the context of rapid urbanization in Asia. They require good quality and timely evidence to inform their planning decisions. In this article, we report our analyses of degree of data-informed urban health planning from three Asian cities: Dhaka, Hanoi and Pokhara. Our theoretical framework stems from conceptualizations of evidence-informed policymaking, health planning and policy analysis, and includes: (1) key actors, (2) approaches to developing and implementing urban health plans, (3) characteristics of the data itself. We collected qualitative data between August 2017 and October 2018 using: in-depth interviews with key actors, document review and observations of planning events. Framework approach guided the data analysis. Health is one of competing priorities with multiple plans being produced within each city, using combinations of top-down, bottom-up and fragmented planning approaches. Mostly data from government information systems are used, which were perceived as good quality though often omits the urban poor and migrants. Key common influences on data use include constrained resources and limitations of current planning approaches, alongside data duplication and limited co-ordination within Dhaka’s pluralistic system, limited opportunities for data use in Hanoi and inadequate and incomplete data in Pokhara. City governments have the potential to act as a hub for multi-sectoral planning. Our results highlight the tensions this brings, with health receiving less attention than other sector priorities. A key emerging issue is that data on the most marginalized urban poor and migrants are largely unavailable. Feasible improvements to evidence-informed urban health planning include increasing availability and quality of data particularly on the urban poor, aligning different planning processes, introducing clearer mechanisms for data use, working within the current systemic opportunities and enhancing participation of local communities in urban health planning.
Which time investments in the first 5 years of life matter most for children’s language and behavioural outcomes at school entry?
Authors: Gialamas Angela , Haag Dandara G , Mittinty Murthy N , Lynch John 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The ways children spend their time is one of the most valuable inputs for healthy child development. It is unknown which time investment yields the greatest return for children’s language and behavioural outcomes at school entry.

Methods
We used data from the first three waves (2004, 2006, 2008) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n = 4253). At every wave, parents completed 24-h time-use diaries on one randomly selected week and one weekend day. The amount of time children spent on 11 activities at ages 0–1, 2–3 and 4–5 years was analysed. Receptive vocabulary was assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and externalizing behaviours were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, completed by parents and teachers at 4–5 years. To identify which time investment in the first 5 years of life mattered most for children’s outcomes, a new production function was developed. This production function was estimated using a log–log linear regression model.

Results
Relative to other time investments, time spent on educational activities at 2–3 years of age was the most important time investment for receptive vocabulary and behavioural outcomes at school entry. After adjusting for confounding, every 1 h invested in educational activities at 2–3 years was associated with a 0.95% [95% CI (confidence interval): 0.62, 1.28] increase in receptive vocabulary, and a −5.72% (95% CI: −7.71, −3.73) and −9.23% (95% CI: −12.26, −6.20) reduction in parent- and teacher-reported externalizing problem behaviours. Time invested in play was also important to both receptive vocabulary and behaviour. One hour invested in play at 2–3 and 4–5 years was associated with a 0.68% (95% CI: 0.38, 0.98) and 0.71% (95% CI: 0.39, 1.03) increase in children’s receptive vocabulary at school entry. In addition, time invested in play at 2–3 and 4–5 years was associated with reduced problem behaviours at school entry. In contrast, screen time at all ages was associated with poorer parent- and teacher-reported externalizing problem behaviours.

Conclusions
These results suggest that time invested in educational activities at 2–3 years of age yield the greatest return for children’s receptive vocabulary and behaviour at school entry.