bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effects of Green and Black Tea Extracts on Na+/K+‐ATPase Activity in Intestine of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Qu Fengfeng , Liu Shuyuan , He Chang , Zhou Jingtao , Zhang Shanming , Ai Zeyi , Chen Yuqiong , Yu Zhi , Ni Dejiang 
Published: June 2019

ScopeNa+/K+‐ATPase is an important membrane‐bound enzyme and high levels of Na+/K+‐ATPase activity in intestine result in increased monosaccharide absorption and aggravated undesirable postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic. The aim is to characterize the effects of green and black tea extracts on the intestinal Na+/K+‐ATPase.Methods and resultsThe STZ‐induced type 1 diabetic mice model and high‐fat diet combined with low‐dose STZ‐induced type 2 diabetic mice model are used in this study and the data indicate that both green and black tea extracts show significant hypoglycemic effect. The Na+/K+‐ATPase activities in intestine associated with glucose absorption are increased in type 1 diabetic mice, while those are even normal in type 2 diabetic mice. Green and black tea extracts can attenuate type 1 diabetes‐induced intestinal Na+/K+‐ATPase disturbance to control postprandial hyperglycemia. Black tea is more effective than green tea in reducing of Na+/K+‐ATPase activity and protein expression. Theaflavins are the major functional components of black tea and theaflavine‐3,3′‐digallate presents the strongest inhibitory effect exhibiting anticompetition with ATP and mixed inhibition with Na+ and K+.ConclusionTea, especially black tea, can be considered a potential therapeutic agent against type 1 diabetes‐induced intestinal Na+/K+‐ATPase disturbance to control postprandial hyperglycemia.
Technical Note: Simulation of dose buildup in proton pencil beams
Authors: Kelleter Laurent , Zhen‐Hong Tham Benjamin , Saakyan Ruben , Griffiths Jennifer , Amos Richard , Jolly Simon , Gibson Adam 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to characterize the magnitude and depth of dose buildup in pencil beam scanning proton therapy.MethodsWe simulate the integrated depth–dose curve of realistic proton pencil beams in a water phantom using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. We independently characterize the electronic and protonic components of dose buildup as a function of proton beam energy from 40 to 400 MeV, both with and without an air gap.ResultsAt clinical energies, electronic buildup over a distance of about 1 mm leads to a dose reduction at depth of the basal layer (0.07 mm) by up to 6% compared to if no buildup effect were present. Protonic buildup reduces the dose to the basal layer by up to 16% and has effects at depths of up to 150 mm. Secondary particles with a mass number A > 1 do not contribute to dose buildup. An air gap of 1 m has no significant effect on protonic buildup but reduces electronic buildup below 1%.ConclusionsProtonic and electronic dose buildup are relevant for accurate dosimetry in proton therapy although a realistic air gap reduces the electronic buildup to levels where it can be safely neglected. We recommend including electrons and secondary protons in Monte Carlo‐based treatment planning systems down to a predicted range of 10–20 μ m in order to accurately model the dose at depths of the basal layer, no matter the size of the air gap between nozzle and patient.
Partial volume correction for quantitative CEST imaging of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Msayib Y. , Harston G. W. J. , Sheerin F. , Blockley N. P. , Okell T. W. , Jezzard P. , Kennedy J. , Chappell M. A. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeContributions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have not been previously taken into account in the quantification of APT CEST effects, and correction for the dilution of CEST effects by CSF may allow for more robust measurement of CEST signals. The objective of this study was to compare the robustness of a partial volume (PV) correction model against a standard (4‐pool) multi‐pool model as far as their ability to quantify CEST effects in healthy, normal, and pathological tissue.MethodsMRI data from 12 patients presenting with ischemic stroke, and 6 healthy subjects, were retrospectively analyzed. CEST signals derived from a 4‐pool model and a PV correction model were compared for repeatability and pathological tissue contrast. The effect of PV correction (PVC) was assessed within 3 ranges of tissue PV estimate (PVE): high PVE voxels, low PVE voxels, and the whole slice.ResultsIn voxels with a high tissue PVE, PV correction did not make a significant difference to absolute . In low PVE voxels, the PVC model exhibited a significantly decreased ischemic core signal. The PVC measures exhibited higher repeatability between healthy subjects (4 pools: 3.4%, PVC: 2.4%) while maintaining a similar ischemic core CNR (0.7) to the 4‐pool model. In whole slice analysis it was found that both models exhibited similar results.ConclusionsPV correction yielded a measure of APT effects that was more repeatable than standard 4‐pool analysis while achieving a similar CNR in pathological tissue, suggesting that PV‐corrected analysis was more robust at low values of tissue PVE.
Predictors of pain interference and potential gain from intervention in community dwelling adults with joint pain: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Blagojevic‐Bucknall Milica , Thomas Martin J. , Wulff Jerome , Porcheret Mark , Dziedzic Krysia S. , Peat George M. , Foster Nadine E. , Jowett Sue , van der Windt Danielle A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is little research on identifying modifiable risk factors that predict future interference of pain with daily activity in people with joint pain, and the estimation of the corresponding population attributable risk (PAR). The present study therefore investigated modifiable predictors of pain interference and estimated maximum potential gain from intervention in adults with joint pain.MethodsA population‐based cohort aged ≥50 years was recruited from eight general practices in North Staffordshire, UK. Participants (n = 1878) had joint pain at baseline lasting ≥3 months and indicated no pain interference. Adjusted associations of self‐reported, potentially modifiable prognostic factors (body mass index, anxiety/depressive symptoms, widespread pain, inadequate joint pain control, physical inactivity, sleep problems, smoking and alcohol intake) with onset of pain interference 3 years later were estimated via Poisson regression, and corresponding PAR estimates were obtained.ResultsInadequate joint‐specific pain control, insomnia and infrequent walking were found to be independently significantly associated with the onset of pain interference after 3 years, with associated PARs of 6.3% (95% confidence interval −0.3, 12.4), 7.6% (−0.4, 15.0) and 8.0% (0.1, 15.2), respectively, with only the PAR for infrequent walking deemed statistically significant. The PAR associated with insomnia, infrequent walking and inadequate control of joint pain simultaneously was 20.3% (8.6, 30.4).ConclusionsThere is potential to reduce moderately the onset of pain interference from joint pain in the over‐50s if clinical and public health interventions targeted pain management and insomnia, and promoted an active lifestyle. However, most of the onset of significant pain interference in the over‐50s, would not be prevented, even assuming that these factors could be eliminated.
Investigation on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer process for the novel 2‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐benzooxazole‐5‐carboxylicacid system
Authors: Gao Haiyan , Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Tianjie , Yang Dapeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn view of the importance of excited state hydrogen bonding interactions and excited state proton transfer (ESPT) dynamical behaviors, in this work, we theoretically explore the excited state process for a novel 2‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐benzooxazole‐5‐carboxylicacid (DHPBC) system. On the basis of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods, we reappear previous experimental reports with checking the reasonability of our theoretical level. We calculate and compare the primary geometrical parameters and hydrogen bonding energies around hydrogen bonding moieties, which reveals that the intramolecular hydrogen bond OH···N of DHPBC is enhanced in the S1 state. The increased electron densities around N atom contribute to attracting proton of hydroxyl upon the photoexcitation, which plays important roles in strengthening hydrogen bond and in facilitating excited state intra‐ or intermolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. Via constructing potential energy curves along with the ESIPT path, we verify that the ESIPT process of DHPBC system is ultrafast because of the low potential energy barrier. That should be the reason why the normal emission of DHPBC cannot be detected in previous experiment. This work not only clarifies the excited state hydrogen bonding interactions and fills the vacancy of specific ESIPT mechanism for DHPBC system in experiment, but also explains the fluorescence quenching phenomenon.
Influence of corona discharge on the surface and thermal properties of aramid fabrics
Authors: Nejman Alicja , Kamińska Irena , Cieślak Małgorzata 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the research was corona discharge treatment of meta—(mAr) and para—(pAr) aramid fabrics to increase the surface free energy (SFE) and its polar component, without deterioration of the thermal properties. The fabrics were activated by plasma with 41.0, 71.75, and 102.5 J/cm2 energy. The SFE increased from 40.38 to 70.82 mJ/m2 for mAr and from 44.06 to 70.01 mJ/m2 for the pAr fabric, the polar component increased from 15.33 to 34.68 mJ/m2 and from 5.37 to 33.43 mJ/m2, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry temperatures have changed and ΔHDeg for both fabrics increased. The weight loss is lower by 3.2% and 0.3% for the highest energy, respectively, for mAr and pAr fabrics.
Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2018: Sleep medicine
Authors: Quinlan Courtney M. , Tapia Ignacio E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, case reports, and review articles on topics related to a wide range of children's respiratory disorders. In this article (Part 4 of a five‐part series), we summarize the past year's publications in sleep medicine, in the context of selected literature in this area from other journals. Articles are highlighted on topics including infant sleep, diagnosis, and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep disorders in chronic disease.
Higher Structures in M‐Theory
Authors: Jurčo Branislav , Sämann Christian , Schreiber Urs , Wolf Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe key open problem of string theory remains its non‐perturbative completion to M‐theory. A decisive hint to its inner workings comes from numerous appearances of higher structures in the limits of M‐theory that are already understood, such as higher degree flux fields and their dualities, or the higher algebraic structures governing closed string field theory. These are all controlled by the higher homotopy theory of derived categories, generalised cohomology theories, and ‐algebras. This is the introductory chapter to the proceedings of the LMS/EPSRC Durham Symposium on ‘Higher Structures in M‐Theory’:We first review higher structures as well as their motivation in string theory and beyond. Then we list the contributions in this volume, putting them into context.
Design of a biodegradable carrier for the application of controller bacteria on air–water interfaces
Authors: Morelli Matías N , Ibañez Manuel , Leonardi Rodrigo J , Santiago Liliana G , Irazoqui Horacio , Heinrich Josué M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe formulation of a biodegradable carrier which effectively concentrates microorganisms on air–water interfaces is proposed. This avoids the dispersion of bacteria into the bulk liquid phase and at the same time prevents their sedimentation. This formulation can be used in biocontrol and bioremediation treatments where the target is at the position of the air–water interface, as in the case of the treatment of rice diseases caused by Sclerotium oryzae and Rhizoctonia complex. The carrier is an oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion which contains lecithin and chitosan in both phases at different proportions. In a stable formulation, bacteria that are adsorbed onto the surface of oil droplets are carried with them and flowed upward to the air–water interface, due to buoyancy forces.RESULTSWhen using the biodegradable carrier, it is possible to recover at least 15‐fold more bacteria from the air–water interface than in the case of using the aqueous formulation.CONCLUSIONThe emulsion O/W is applied to the surface by dripping, resulting in a homogeneous two‐dimensional film distribution. With this application device, the number of bacteria at the air–water interface is significantly increased. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
RNA‐Seq identification of candidate defense genes by analyzing Mythimna separata feeding‐damage induced systemic resistance in balsas teosinte
Authors: Yang Liyan , Gao Jing , Zhang Yurong , Tian Jingyun , Sun Yi , Wang Chuangyun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDArmyworm (Mythimna separata) is a destructive herbivore for maize. Balsas teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis), the direct wild ancestor of cultivated maize, has shown great potential to defend against herbivory. Here, based on armyworm bioassay, we compared responses of teosinte and B73 maize inbred during armyworm attack in their transcriptome profiles to elucidate the gene expression changes involved in teosinte responses to armyworm attack. The goal of this study was to identify novel resistance alleles that could serve as valuable resources for modern maize breeding.RESULTSOur bioassay revealed that armyworm larvae grew less on teosinte than on maize. A follow‐up transcriptomic comparison showed more down‐regulated genes in maize B73 and similar numbers of up‐regulated genes in both genotypes under armyworm attack. The up‐regulated genes in teosinte were markedly enriched in MAPK cascade‐mediated signaling pathway and phytohormone pathway. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that phytohormones jasmonic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid and abscisic acid (ABA) were actively involved in armyworm resistance of teosinte plants, and so were transcription factors such as MYBs, WRKYs and TIFYs. Interestingly, teosinte also showed high regulation in three ABA receptor PYLs. Based on differential expression analysis, we identified 30 candidate defense‐related genes in teosinte, which belong to 11 gene families and the majority of the genes were up‐regulated, while some of them were nonresponsive in maize.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that teosinte showed more vigorous defense response than maize toward armyworm attack and might be a beneficial genetic resource to improve pest resistance in cultivated maize. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Nonlinear output control scheme for general decay synchronization of delayed neural networks with inertial term
Authors: Abdurahman Abdujelil , Jiang Haijun , Sader Malika 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis study is mainly concerned with the general decay synchronization (GDS) problem of a class of inertial neural networks (INNs) with time‐varying delay. First, unlike the methods used in previous relevant literature where both of the master and slave systems were transferred into the first‐order differential equations, only error dynamical system is transferred into the reduced‐order differential equation. Then, by designing a novel nonlinear output feedback controller and constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals, some simple and useful sufficient conditions ensuring the GDS of considered INNs are established via employing useful analysis techniques and linear matrix inequality approach. In addition, two examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the established theoretical results.
Semantic mapping for orchard environments by merging two‐sides reconstructions of tree rows
Authors: Dong Wenbo , Roy Pravakar , Isler Volkan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMeasuring semantic traits for phenotyping is an essential but labor‐intensive activity in horticulture. Researchers often rely on manual measurements which may not be accurate for tasks, such as measuring tree volume. To improve the accuracy of such measurements and to automate the process, we consider the problem of building coherent three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions of orchard rows. Even though 3D reconstructions of side views can be obtained using standard mapping techniques, merging the two side‐views is difficult due to the lack of overlap between the two partial reconstructions. Our first main contribution in this paper is a novel method that utilizes global features and semantic information to obtain an initial solution aligning the two sides. Our mapping approach then refines the 3D model of the entire tree row by integrating semantic information common to both sides, and extracted using our novel robust detection and fitting algorithms. Next, we present a vision system to measure semantic traits from the optimized 3D model that is built from the RGB or RGB‐D data captured by only a camera. Specifically, we show how canopy volume, trunk diameter, tree height, and fruit count (FC) can be automatically obtained in real orchard environments. The experiment results from multiple data sets quantitatively demonstrate the high accuracy and robustness of our method.
3D Printing of Complex‐type SiOC Ceramics Derived From Liquid Photosensitive Resin
Authors: Xu Xiaobo , Li Peiying , Ge Chunhua , Han Weifang , Zhao Di , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSiOC ceramics have been successfully synthesized using photosensitive resin as a liquid precursor through digital light processing 3D printing technology and pyrolysis. Liquid photosensitive resin has excellent fluidity (processable viscosity 0.068 Pa⋅s) which is beneficial for 3D printing. The liquid resin formulation was designed without solvent and filler. After researching the ratio of raw materials and temperature conditions, SiOC ceramic materials with complex structures can be produced without cracks. SiOC ceramics were characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman spectrometry and FT‐IR. The as‐prepared SiOC ceramic has excellent hardness (1.85 GPa) and high thermal conductivity (1.431 W/mK).
Depolymerization of End‐of‐Life Poly(lactide) via 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine‐Catalyzed Methanolysis
Authors: Alberti Christoph , Damps Nicole , Meißner Roderich R. R. , Enthaler Stephan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe chemical recycling of end‐of‐life plastics/polymers can contribute to a more sustainable society. In this regard, the selective degradation (depolymerization process) leading to well‐defined low molecular weight chemicals is a key feature of the chemical recycling. Based on that, we have investigated the depolymerization of end‐of‐life poly(lactide)‐based (PLA) goods. In more detail, applying a combination of methanol and catalytic amounts of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) end‐of‐life PLA was depolymerized to methyl lactate, a chemical which can be is used as “green” solvent or as starting material for new poly(lactide) products. With the assistance of microwave heating an excellent rate of depolymerization (>99%) was observed within short reaction times (10‐20 min). Interestingly, a set of 16 PLA commodities was efficiently transformed to methyl lactate.
Programmable On‐Chip Artificial Cell Producing Post‐Translationally Modified Ubiquitinated Protein
Authors: Zilberzwige‐Tal Shai , Levin Aviad , Toprakcioglu Zenon , Knowles Tuomas P.J. , Gazit Ehud , Elbaz Johann 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn nature, intracellular microcompartments have evolved to allow the simultaneous execution of tightly regulated complex processes within a controlled environment. This architecture serves as the blueprint for the construction of a wide array of artificial cells. However, such systems are inadequate in their ability to confine and sequentially control multiple central dogma activities (transcription, translation, and post‐translational modifications) resulting in a limited production of complex biomolecules. Here, an artificial cell‐on‐a‐chip comprising hierarchical compartments allowing the processing and transport of products from transcription, translation, and post‐translational modifications through connecting channels is designed and fabricated. This platform generates a tightly controlled system, yielding directly a purified modified protein, with the potential to produce proteoform of choice. Using this platform, the full ubiquitinated form of the Parkinson's disease‐associated α‐synuclein is generated starting from DNA, in a single device. By bringing together all central dogma activities in a single controllable platform, this approach will open up new possibilities for the synthesis of complex targets, will allow to decipher diverse molecular mechanisms in health and disease and to engineer protein‐based materials and pharmaceutical agents.
Sicherheitsaspekte beim Stabilitätsnachweis von Winkelprofilen nach Theorie 2. Ordnung
Authors: Mix Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWinkelprofile weisen im Vergleich zu anderen Querschnittsformen kleine Flächenträgheitsmomente auf. Ihr Einsatz erfolgt daher überwiegend in Gitterkonstruktionen wie beispielsweise Masten. Die Montage ist konstruktiv unproblematisch. Stäbe der Diagonalausfachung können mit Schrauben oft ohne Bleche an den Eckstielen angeschlossen werden. Die Beanspruchung der Profile resultiert überwiegend aus Längskräften. Der Zugnachweis erfolgt mithilfe einer effektiven Nettoquerschnittsfläche. Der Drucknachweis kann bei reiner Druckkraftbeanspruchung mithilfe der Theorie 1. Ordnung oder der Theorie 2. Ordnung erfolgen. Treten neben den Druckkräften auch Biegemomente auf, muss ein Nachweis nach Theorie 2. Ordnung erfolgen, weil die DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 im Gegensatz zur zurückgezogenen DIN 18800‐2 einen Interaktionsnachweis nach Theorie 1. Ordnung nur noch für doppeltsymmetrische Querschnitte erlaubt. Dieser Beitrag vergleicht Ausnutzungsgrade und Zuverlässigkeitsindizes für einen druckbeanspruchten Beispielstab nach Theorie 1. und 2. Ordnung. Schließlich wird die Auswirkung eines zusätzlich auftretenden Biegemoments infolge einer Kraft senkrecht zur Stabachse auf den Zuverlässigkeitsindex untersucht.
Einfluss des sequenziellen Anziehens von großen Schrauben bei gerammten Ringflanschverbindungen
Authors: Keindorf Christian , Wagner Dirk , Hartmann Kristin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerrn Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Schaumann zur Vollendung seines 65. Lebensjahres gewidmetOffshore‐Windenergieanlagen werden in der Nord‐ und Ostsee vorwiegend mit sogenannten Monopiles gegründet, die am Pfahlkopf eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung zum Transition‐Piece bzw. Turm benötigen. Als Alternative zu den Groutverbindungen werden dafür seit einigen Jahren gerammte Ringflanschverbindungen eingesetzt, die aufgrund der ungeregelten Bauart eine Zustimmung im Einzelfall beim BSH benötigen. Eine Besonderheit ist zum Beispiel, dass die Flanschoberflächen nicht planparallel, sondern geneigt ausgeführt werden, um die Kontaktfläche zwischen Amboss und Flansch gering zu halten. Nach dem Aufsetzen des TP liegt dadurch ein planmäßig nach innen geneigter Spalt vor. Des Weiteren werden die Größe und Form des Spalts durch Herstell‐ und Montagetoleranzen sowie durch den Rammvorgang beeinflusst.In diesem Aufsatz werden Ergebnisse von Parameterstudien vorgestellt, mit denen der Einfluss des planmäßigen Spalts sowie der geometrischen Imperfektionen auf die Vorspannkraft der Schrauben analysiert wurde. Mithilfe von Finite‐Element‐Berechnungen wurde auch die tatsächliche Montageabfolge simuliert, wobei die Schrauben sequenziell vorgespannt wurden. Dabei konnten Reihenfolgeeffekte aufgezeigt werden, die im Aufsatz diskutiert werden. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen für zukünftige Ausführungen von gerammten Ringflanschverbindungen im Offshore‐Bereich gegeben.