bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis UBC13 differentially regulates two programmed cell death pathways in responses to pathogen and low‐temperature stress
Authors: Wang Lipu , Wen Rui , Wang Jinghe , Xiang Daoquan , Wang Qian , Zang Yuepeng , Wang Zheng , Huang Shuai , Li Xin , Datla Raju , Fobert Pierre R. , Wang Hong , Wei Yangdou , Xiao Wei 
Published: September 2018

Summary

UBC13 is required for Lys63‐linked polyubiquitination and innate immune responses in mammals, but its functions in plant immunity remain to be defined.

Here we used genetic and pathological methods to evaluate roles of Arabidopsis UBC13 in response to pathogens and environmental stresses.

Loss of UBC13 failed to activate the expression of numerous cold‐responsive genes and resulted in hypersensitivity to low‐temperature stress, indicating that UBC13 is involved in plant response to low‐temperature stress. Furthermore, the ubc13 mutant displayed low‐temperature‐induced and salicylic acid‐dependent lesion mimic phenotypes. Unlike typical lesion mimic mutants, ubc13 did not enhance disease resistance against virulent bacterial and fungal pathogens, but diminished hypersensitive response and compromised effector‐triggered immunity against avirulent bacterial pathogens. UBC13 differently regulates two types of programmed cell death in response to low temperature and pathogen. The lesion mimic phenotype in the ubc13 mutant is partially dependent on SNC1. UBC13 interacts with an F‐box protein CPR1 that regulates the homeostasis of SNC1. However, the SNC1 protein level was not altered in the ubc13 mutant, implying that UBC13 is not involved in CPR1‐regulated SNC1 protein degradation.

Taken together, our results revealed that UBC13 is a key regulator in plant response to low temperature and pathogens.
Competition for epidermal space in the evolution of leaves with high physiological rates
Authors: Baresch Andrés , Crifò Camilla , Boyce C. Kevin 
Published: September 2018

SummaryLeaves with high photosynthetic capacity require high transpiration capacity. Consequently, hydraulic conductance, stomatal conductance, and assimilation capacities should be positively correlated. These traits make independent demands on anatomical space, particularly due to the propensity for veins to have bundle sheath extensions that exclude stomata from the local epidermis. We measured density and area occupation of bundle sheath extensions, density and size of stomata and subsidiary cells, and venation density for a sample of extant angiosperms and fossil and living nonangiosperm tracheophytes. For most nonangiosperms, even modest increases in vein density and stomatal conductance would require substantial reconfigurations of anatomy. One characteristic of the angiosperm syndrome (e.g. small cell sizes, etc.) is hierarchical vein networks that allow expression of bundle sheath extensions in some, but not all veins, contrasting with all‐or‐nothing alternatives available with the single‐order vein networks in most nonangiosperms. Bundle sheath modulation is associated with higher vein densities in three independent groups with hierarchical venation: angiosperms, Gnetum (gymnosperm) and Dipteris (fern). Anatomical and developmental constraints likely contribute to the stability in leaf characteristics – and ecophysiology – seen through time in different lineages and contribute to the uniqueness of angiosperms in achieving the highest vein densities, stomatal densities, and physiological rates.
Downregulation of mitochondrial alternative oxidase affects chloroplast function, redox status and stress response in a marine diatom
Authors: Murik Omer , Tirichine Leila , Prihoda Judit , Thomas Yann , Araújo Wagner L. , Allen Andrew E. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Bowler Chris 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Diatom dominance in contemporary aquatic environments indicates that they have developed unique and effective mechanisms to cope with the rapid and considerable fluctuations that characterize these environments. In view of their evolutionary history from a secondary endosymbiosis, inter‐organellar regulation of biochemical activities may be of particular relevance. Diatom mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) is believed to play a significant role in supplying chloroplasts with ATP produced in the mitochondria.

Using the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum we generated AOX knockdown lines, and followed sensitivity to stressors, photosynthesis and transcriptome and metabolome profiles of wild‐type and knockdown lines.

We show here that expression of the AOX gene is upregulated by various stresses including H2O2, heat, high light illumination, and iron or nitrogen limitation. AOX knockdown results in hypersensitivity to stress. Knockdown lines also show significantly reduced photosynthetic rates and their chloroplasts are more oxidized. Comparisons of transcriptome and metabolome profiles suggest a strong impact of AOX activity on gene expression, which is carried through to the level of the metabolome.

Our data provide evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial AOX in processes central to the cell biology of diatoms, revealing that cross‐talk between mitochondria and chloroplasts is crucial for maintaining sensitivity to changing environments.
The p33 protein of Citrus tristeza virus affects viral pathogenicity by modulating a host immune response
Authors: Sun Yong‐Duo , Folimonova Svetlana Y. 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a general plant basal defense strategy against viruses. In this study, we show that infection by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) triggered ROS burst in Nicotiana benthamiana and in the natural citrus host, the extent of which was virus‐dose dependent.

Using Agrobacterium‐mediated expression of CTV‐encoded proteins in N. benthamiana, we found that p33, a unique viral protein, contributed to the induction of ROS accumulation and programmed cell death. The role of p33 in CTV pathogenicity was assessed based on gene knockout and complementation in N. benthamiana.

In the citrus–CTV pathosystem, deletion of the p33 open reading frame in a CTV variant resulted in a significant decrease in ROS production, compared to that of the wild type CTV, which correlated with invasion of the mutant virus into the immature xylem tracheid cells and abnormal differentiation of the vascular system. By contrast, the wild type CTV exhibited phloem‐limited distribution with a minor effect on the vasculature.

We conclude that the p33 protein is a CTV effector that negatively affects virus pathogenicity and suggest that N. benthamiana recognizes p33 to activate the host immune response to restrict CTV into the phloem tissue and minimize the disease syndrome.
Removal of soil biota alters soil feedback effects on plant growth and defense chemistry
Authors: Wang Minggang , Ruan Weibin , Kostenko Olga , Carvalho Sabrina , Hannula S. Emilia , Mulder Patrick P. J. , Bu Fengjiao , van der Putten Wim H. , Bezemer T. Martijn 
Published: September 2018

Summary

We examined how the removal of soil biota affects plant–soil feedback (PSF) and defense chemistry of Jacobaea vulgaris, an outbreak plant species in Europe containing the defense compounds pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs).

Macrofauna and mesofauna, as well as fungi and bacteria, were removed size selectively from unplanted soil or soil planted with J. vulgaris exposed or not to above‐ or belowground insect herbivores. Wet‐sieved fractions, using 1000‐, 20‐, 5‐ and 0.2‐μm mesh sizes, were added to sterilized soil and new plants were grown. Sieving treatments were verified by molecular analysis of the inocula.

In the feedback phase, plant biomass was lowest in soils with 1000‐ and 20‐μm inocula, and soils conditioned with plants gave more negative feedback than without plants. Remarkably, part of this negative PSF effect remained present in the 0.2‐μm inoculum where no bacteria were present. PA concentration and composition of plants with 1000‐ or 20‐μm inocula differed from those with 5‐ or 0.2‐μm inocula, but only if soils had been conditioned by undamaged plants or plants damaged by aboveground herbivores. These effects correlated with leaf hyperspectral reflectance.

We conclude that size‐selective removal of soil biota altered PSFs, but that these PSFs were also influenced by herbivory during the conditioning phase.
Granulomatous dermatitis secondary to vemurafenib in a child with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Chen Lily , Hsi Andy C. , Kothari Alok , Dehner Louis P. , Hayashi Robert J. , Coughlin Carrie C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a 3‐year‐old boy with Langerhans cell histiocytosis who developed granulomatous dermatitis while taking vemurafenib. Vemurafenib currently has Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of BRAF V600E+ metastatic melanoma in adults, but recent discoveries of BRAF V600E in more than half of tested Langerhans cell histiocytosis lesions have prompted clinical trials of vemurafenib therapy for children with refractory, multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis. This report contributes to the knowledge of its potential side effects when used in children.
A survey to assess use patterns and perceptions of efficacy of eczema action plans among pediatric dermatologists
Authors: Stringer Thomas , Yin H. Shonna , Oza Vikash S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEczema action plans (EAPs) are written, customizable documents that guide patients through the self‐management of atopic dermatitis. Here, we distributed a survey regarding the use patterns and perceptions of eczema action plans to 1068 members of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology and received 87 responses. Although a strong majority of respondents endorsed the ability of EAPs to improve adherence (79%) and improve prevention and/or management of flares (70%), reported rates of EAP editing or provision sharply decline from initial to follow‐up visits (61%‐33%). The development of a standardized, low‐literacy web‐based tool could improve the efficacy of EAPs for patients and physicians by improving comprehensibility and retention.
Verrucous hemangioma (also known as verrucous venous malformation): A vascular anomaly frequently misdiagnosed as a lymphatic malformation
Authors: Boccara Olivia , Ariche‐Maman Sonia , Hadj‐Rabia Smail , Chrétien‐Marquet Bertrand , Frassati‐Biaggi Annonciade , Zazurca Frédéric , Brunelle Francis , Soupre Veronique , Bodemer Christine , Fraitag Sylvie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVerrucous hemangioma or verrucous venous malformation is a superficial venous malformation frequently misdiagnosed as a lymphatic malformation because of its classical hyperkeratotic appearance. Clinical characteristics of VVM were studied in patients with a histologically confirmed VVM, and validated in a prospective study of 18 patients. VVM was made of separated vascular elements with irregular shape, in a linear disposition, with variable thickness and keratosis. Its specific vascular pattern consisting of an erythematous patch with scattered small red to violet dots was easily identified using dermoscopy. In many cases, the typical clinical presentation of verrucous hemangioma is sufficient to establish the diagnosis and a biopsy may not be required.
Evaluation of a culturally appropriate peer coaching program for smoking cessation
Authors: Barcelona de Mendoza Veronica , Damio Grace 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer coaching smoking cessation program in a high‐risk Medicaid population.Design and SampleIn this manuscript, we present an evaluation of a pilot program. Participants (N = 138) were recruited out of a larger smoking cessation program administered statewide and funded by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The participant sample was diverse, with 52% self‐identifying as White, 39% as Black, and 56% Latino ethnicity (any race).MethodsMotivational interviewing techniques were utilized by peer coaches in clinical and community settings to achieve smoking cessation using face‐to‐face, telephone, and text/email encounters over a period of 6 months.ResultsThere was a statistically significant increase in the number of participants who had quit smoking from program enrollment to discharge (5.1%–18.5%, p = 0.02). Number of peer coaching encounters predicted quitting in program participants.ConclusionsThis study adds to the literature that community‐based smoking cessation services led by peer coaches can be effective in a diverse, high‐risk population.
The feasibility and promise of mobile technology with community health worker reinforcement to reduce rural preterm birth
Authors: Cramer Mary E. , Mollard Elizabeth K. , Ford Amy L. , Kupzyk Kevin A. , Wilson Fernando A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectives(1) Assess feasibility of a smartphone platform intervention combined with Community Health Worker (CHW) reinforcement in rural pregnant women; (2) Obtain data on the promise of the intervention on birth outcomes, patient activation, and medical care adherence; and (3) Explore financial implications of the intervention using return on investment (ROI).SampleA total of 98 rural pregnant women were enrolled and assigned to intervention or control groups in this two‐group experimental design.InterventionThe intervention group received usual prenatal care plus a smartphone preloaded with a tailored prenatal platform with automated texting, chat function, and hyperlinks and weekly contact from the CHW. The control group received usual prenatal care and printed educational materials.MeasurementsDemographics, health risk data, interaction with platform, medical records, hospital billing charges, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire‐8, satisfaction comments, and the Patient Activation Measure.ResultsA total of 77 women completed the study. The intervention was well‐received, showed promise for improving birth outcomes, patient activation, and medical care adherence. Financial analysis showed a positive ROI under two scenarios.ConclusionsDespite several practical issues, the study appears feasible. The intervention shows promise for extending prenatal care and improving birth outcomes in rural communities. Further research is needed with a larger and more at‐risk population to appreciate the impact of the intervention.
Isolation from natural habitat reduces yield and quality of passion fruit
Authors: Silva S. R. , Almeida N. M. , de Siqueira K. M. M. , Souza J. T. , Castro C. C. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Loss and fragmentation of native vegetation negatively affect crop pollinators and productivity of several crop species. The yellow passion fruit is an excellent model to investigate this issue, because its main pollinators are sensitive to deforestation. Seasonality also influences fruit set of crop species that are pollinated by bees. Climate determines plant flowering patterns and consequently affects pollinator activity. Little is known on effects of pollinators on crop quality in general, and particularly of many tropical fruits that have multiple fruiting seasons throughout the year, such as passion fruit. Our hypothesis is that the distance to the native vegetation and climate seasonality affect the pollination and fruit production of cultivated, hermaphrodite, self‐incompatible, protandrous species that depend on large‐sized bees to set fruit.

We observed flowers of the yellow passion fruit in eight areas at different distances (600–4,000 m) from a dry seasonal forest (Caatinga). We compared the frequency of the main floral visitor (pollinators and robbers) visits and fruit set among areas at the beginning and end of the dry and rainy seasons.

Xylocopa species were pollinators, and Apis mellifera, Trigona spinipes and a hummingbird were robbers. Xylocopa visits diminished with increasing distance to native remnants, converse to what was observed for the robbers at the beginning of the dry season. Fruit set was higher at the beginning of the dry season. The distance to the forest affected quality of fruits in terms of length, diameter and skin thickness, which all decreased with increase in remnant distance.

Our results show that insect pollination is higher in the dry season, increasing profitability and reducing labour costs for the producer. Considering the influence of distance to native vegetation on pollination, robbery and fruit quality, our study reinforces the necessity for conservation of native vegetation remnants.
Transitions in nutation trajectory geometry in peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) with respect to lunisolar acceleration
Authors: Zajączkowska U. , Kasprzak W. , Nałęcz M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Nutations of plant organs are significantly affected by the circatidal modulation in the gravitational force exerted by the Moon and Sun (lunisolar tidal acceleration, Etide). In a previous study on nutational rotations of stem apices, we observed abrupt alterations in their direction and irregularities of the recorded trajectories. Such transitions have not yet been analysed in detail.

Peppermint plants were continuously recorded with time‐lapse photography and aligned with contemporaneous time courses of the Etide estimates. Each nutational stem tip movement path was assigned to one of two groups, depending on its geometry, as: (i) regular elliptical movements and (ii) irregular movements (with a random type of trajectory). Analyses of the correlation between the plant nutation trajectory parameters and Etide, as well as of the trajectory geometry of the individual plants were performed.

The trajectory geometry of young mint stem apices was related to the velocity of the apex rotation and significantly affected by the gravitational force estimated from the Etide. A low velocity of nutational movement, associated with the random character of the trajectory, usually occurred simultaneously with local minima or maxima of Etide. As the mint plant ages, the transitions in the stem tip trajectory were limited; no correspondence with Etide dynamics was observed.

The results indicate that the plant tip geometry path transitions with respect to the changing gradient of lunisolar tidal acceleration could be interpreted as manifestation of a continuous accommodation of the shoot apical part to the state of minimum energy dissipation.
Variations in carbon source–sink relationships in subalpine fir across elevational gradients
Authors: Shi H. , Zhou Q. , Liu X. , Xie F. , Li T. , Zhang Q. , Dang H. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Cold‐adapted trees display acclimation in both carbon source and carbon sink capacity to low‐temperature stress at their upper elevational range limits. Hence a balanced carbon source–sink capacity might be required for their persistence and survival at the elevational tree limits.

The present study examined the spatial dynamics of carbon source–sink relationship in subalpine fir (Abies fargesii) trees along elevational gradients in the northern slope of the temperate region and in the southern slope of the subtropics in terms of climate in the Qinling Mountain range, north‐central China.

The results showed that non‐structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations in both the source and sink tissues increased with the increase in elevation. The ratio of carbon source–sink displayed a consistent decreasing trend with the increase in elevation and during growing season, showing that it was lowest at a ratio of 2.93 in the northern slope and at a ratio of 2.61 in the southern slope at the upper distribution elevations in the late growing season. Such variations of carbon source–sink ratio might be attributable to the balance between carbon source and sink activities, which changed seasonally across the elevational distribution range.

We concluded that a ratio of carbon source–sink of at least 2.6 might be essential for subalpine fir trees to persist at their upper range limits. Therefore, a sufficient source–sink ratio and a balanced source–sink relationship might be required for subalpine fir trees to survive and develop at their upper elevational distribution limits.
Resynchronization with the G6G protocol: A retrospective, observational study of second and later timed artificial inseminations on commercial dairy farms
Authors: Patron Raquel , Lopez‐Helguera Irene , Pesantez‐Pacheco Jose Luis , Perez‐Villalobos Natividad , Heras Javier , Vicente Gonzalez Juan , Fargas Octavi , Astiz Susana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe recorded conception rates and estimated pregnancy rates following second and later timed artificial inseminations (TAIs) after hormonal resynchronization on commercial dairy farms, using the so‐called G6G protocol (PGF day‐0; GnRH 2, 8 days; PGF 15, 16 days, GnRH 17 days; TAI 18 days), and the 5‐day Ovsynch protocol or 5DO (GnRH day 0; PGF 5, 6 days; GnRH 7 days; TAI 8 days). In four farms, both protocols were implemented in parallel, and these 1,368 s and later TAIs were used for the protocols’ comparison based on logistic regression (544 TAIs in primiparous; 824 in multiparous cows; 1,024 TAIs after G6G [600 TAIs in multiparous and 424 in primiparous]; 344 TAIs after 5DO [224 TAIs in multiparous and 120 in primiparous]; 280 TAIs during the hot season; 1,088 during the cool season). Conception rate (CR) was 31.7% ± 12.0% among all cows, 35.1% ± 10.7% among cows resynchronized with the G6G protocol and 21.8% ± 9.7% among cows resynchronized with the 5DO protocol (p < 0.0001). CR among all cows was lower during the hot season (19.3% ± 8.4%) than during the cool season (34.9% ± 10.6%; p < 0.0001), and similar seasonal results were observed with G6G protocols. Logistic regression showed significant effects on CR in second and later TAIs by protocol (OR = 0.514; 95% CI 0.385–0.686; p < 0.0001) and season (OR = 0.486; 95% CI 0.350–0.676; p < 0.0001). Parity did not influence CR after second and later TAIs (p > 0.1), and no interaction with season or resynchronization protocol was found. Estimated pregnancy rates based on these CR data from both hormonal protocols suggest that G6G can be effectively used for second and later TAIs and highlight the importance of considering protocol and season when designing strategies for second and later timed AIs on dairy farms.
Lingual amyloidosis associated to long‐term hemodialysis: Two case reports
Authors: Picciani Bruna , Gornic Camila , Cunha Karin Soares , Janini Maria Elisa Rangel , Andrade Raquel Machado , Meireles Valdir , Soares‐Filho Porphirio , Pedra Dias Eliane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe β2‐microglobulin amyloidosis is a newly recognized type of systemic amyloidosis, which occurs in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing long‐term hemodialysis. The dialysis‐related amyloidosis (DRA) of the tongue is an uncommon and late complication, which occurs in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis for more than 20 years. The aim of this paper is to report two cases of lingual amyloidosis associated with long‐term hemodialysis. Two patients were referred to the Oral Medicine Clinic due to the presence of multiple nodules on the tongue and macroglossia. The patients had history of chronic renal failure and had been dialysed for more 20 years with bio‐incompatible cellulose membrane. Biopsies of the lesions were performed and the histopathological features and Congo red stain revealed oral amyloidosis. Both patients remain in clinical follow‐up after 12 and 6 months, respectively. Recognition of the amyloidosis tongue lesions can minimize the complications caused by this condition such as obstruction of the upper airways, making it imperative to carry out early treatment. Furthermore, in patients with oral amyloidosis, lesions in areas of trauma may ulcerate and cause pain and dysphagia becoming necessary periodic surgical removal and regular follow‐up of these patients.