bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudo do balanço hídrico e classificação climática para o município de Monte Alegre-PA (Water balance and climatic classification of Monte Alegre, Pará, Brazil)
Authors: Jesus Leila da Graça de , Santos Marcos Ronielly da Silva , Rocha Nívia Cristina Vieira , Mota Maria Aurora Santos da 
Published: November 2018

Neste trabalho foi estabelecido o balanço hídrico e as condições climatológicas para o município de Monte Alegre, localizado no noroeste do Estado do Pará. A partir de dados do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) obtiveram-se as médias de precipitação e temperaturas dos últimos 40 anos; foi utilizado à classificação climática segundo Köppen e Geiger (1928) e Thornthwaite e Mather (1955), sendo, estes últimos para o balanço hídrico. Os anos que apresentaram os maiores e menores índices pluviométricos foram 1985 e 1981, respectivamente. A climatologia do município é classificada como: Af e C2wA’a’, apresentado características sazonais de precipitação em períodos chuvoso e menos chuvoso e a variação de temperatura em média de 26,8 ºC. ABSTRACTThis paper established the water balance and classifies the climate of the municipality of Monte Alegre, in the state of Pará, Brazil. Average precipitation and temperature data of the last 40 years were obtained from the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). The Köppen, and Thornthwaite and Mather climatic classifications were used for climate and water balance classification. The years with the highest and lowest precipitation indices were 1985 and 1981, respectively. The climate of Monte Alegre is classified as Af and C2wA’a’, presenting seasonal precipitations—rainy and less-rainy seasons—along the year, and annual average temperature of 26.8ºC.Keywords: Eastern Amazon, hydrologic cycle, climatology.
VARIASI JUMLAH ELEKTRODA DAN BESAR TEGANGAN DALAM MENURUNKAN KANDUNGAN COD DAN TSS LIMBAH CAIR TEKSTIL DENGAN METODE ELEKTROKOAGULASI
Authors: Ni’am Achmad Chusnun , Caroline Jenny , Afandi M . Haris 
Published: November 2018

The quality of environment especially the water bodies need to be improved on the pollution load of the household wastewater, which in general still does not have a liquid waste treatment plant. Electrocoagulation used in this research because of the simple and efficient method. The aim of study to know the ability of electrocoagulation method for reducing the concentration of COD and TSS in the wastewater from household textile industry. The sample was taken from the residual wastewater of textile dye (sarung) with a liquid waste requirement of 36 liters. The data for the analysis is the initial and final parameters data were COD and TSS. The electrodes were used aluminum (Al) as an anode and iron (Fe) as a cathode. The research variations were used the number of electrodes and the voltage. The results showed that the treatment of 4 electrodes with 12volt voltage could reduce the COD concentration up to 76% and TSS up to 85% in household wastewater of household textile industry.
Keywords: COD, electrocoagulation, liquid waste, TSS
ANALISIS KAPASITAS DAYA DUKUNG PONDASI TIANG KERUCUK PADA BANGUNAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN LUMPUR TINJA KABUPATEN SIAK
Authors: Pribadi Arqowi 
Published: November 2018

IPLT of siak district is installation mud feces built in the district siak riau that launcher to serve around more or less 100.000 soul. The district siak generally soil structure consisting of land podsolik red yellow of rock and alluvial and tanah organosol and gley humus in the form of rawa-rawa or moist soil and building planned to be supplied bracing the ground as the kerucuk. This study aims to analyze the foundation of the kerucuk at every stage IPLT processing. Discharging from pillars foundation kerucuk is created one alternative for bracing of the ground at the land of pulpy/of land the wetness of ground a bog that are requisite and suited to increase carrying capacity of the land or reducing the incidence of of land subsidence related as a result of the construction of units liquid waste processing installations mud fecal matter kabupaten siak. Calculation a power capacity of support pillars foundation kerucuk performed on stage IPLT processing units siak district riau namely anaerobic ponds, the pool facultative, the pool maturasi, the pool solid separation chamber (SSC) and ponds in which a drying sludge bed (SDB). The analysis shows that the capacity of permission to one piece the foundation a wooden pole kerucuk with long in the depths of 12 ft 8 m from the surface of the native land of 4,648 tons.
Keywords : mud feces, IPLT, kerucuk pilar foundation.
Comparison of Antibody Titre Against Salmonella Species among Healthy Individuals and Febrile Patients
Authors: Barakoti Achut , Rai Junu Richhinbung , Adhikari Ram Prasad , Khanal Laxmi Kant 
Published: November 2018

Background: Widal tube agglutination test is a widely used laboratory test for diagnosis of enteric fever especially in resource limited countries where blood culture are not routinely available. We studied the titres from different groups including febrile and healthy populations in order to identify the significant agglutination titre. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study. Subjects were divided into three groups: 1) 60 healthy blood samples from volunteer students, 2) 60 febrile non-typhoidal cases and 3) 58 culture positive patient for enteric fever. Results: Among 60 apparently healthy volunteers, agglutination of ≥ 1:20 for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi were seen in 40 and 46 samples respectively. A significant proportion of sample had a titre of ≥1:80 (n=19) and 1:160 (n=14) for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi respectively among healthy individuals. Similar observations were seen in febrile non typhoidal cases except for one which had a titre of ≥1:320 for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi. In blood culture positive typhoid cases, 56 samples showed agglutinations of ≥1:80 for both anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi. However two of the total sample tested showed no agglutinations. In all cases from three groups, anti-H titre for S. enterica serotype Paratyphi A and B were below 1:80. Conclusions: Widal test can be used as presumptive diagnostic tool in all the suspected cases of enteric fever if the titres are specifically raised.Keywords: enteric fever; titre; widal aggultination test.
V. NABOKOV’S STOCKHOLM SYNDROME. A FEW WORDS ON THE LOVE FOR THE EXECUTIONER IN V. NABOKOV’S ‘INVITATION TO A BEHEADING’ [PRIGLASHENIE NA KAZN’]
Authors: Kazakova N. 
Published: November 2018

The first analysis of this kind, the article considers the image of the executioner in V. Nabokov’s novelInvitation to a Beheading[Priglashenie na kazn’]. One of the novel’s main themes is defilement of an individual in a violence-fuelled system. It is through the image of the executioner M’sieur Pierre that we grasp everyman’s cruelty towards the liberal thinker Cincinnatus. At the same time, resisting the executioner, Cincinnatus achieves new insight into the purpose of life and experiences an existential winning of Freedom.A year before Nabokov’s novel came out P. Lagerkvist published his storyThe Hangman[Bödeln] (1933) in Swedish. The author points out the hitherto unnoticed similarity between the two works. Comparing two executioners, the author discovers that, although Lagerkvist’s menacing hangman looks nothing like Nabokov’s rotund and vulgar joker M’sieur Pierre, their inherent urge for cruelty and abuse is the same, so is the cheering of the surrounding townsmen. The two different works also share their historical context (Europe in the 1930s): the executioners in Nabokov’s and Lagerkvist’s books embody the new historical discourse.
BROTHERS MANN IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. FRAGMENTS OF THEIR BIOGRAPHY THE WRITERS PREFERRED TO FORGET
Authors: Berkovich E. 
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the little examined period in the life and work of Thomas and Henry Mann, when, from 1895 up to 1896, Henry was editor-in-chief, and Thomas one of the authors, of the blatantly anti-Semitic journalThe Twentieth Century. For the first time in the Russian studies of the writers, the article reveals a compendium of their articles that appeared in that journal. They make it clear that, during the time the two authors worked for the journal, they were under a powerful influence of the nationalistic ‘voelkisch’ ideology, a precursor to National Socialism. The researcher points out the specifics of the brothers’ attitude towards the Jewish world. While Thomas’ articles are not infused with the kind of aggressive anti-Semitism of his brother’s works, they still make a noticeable use of anti-Semitic stereotypes, evidence of his negative perception of Jews. The paper also follows the evolution of the two brothers’ views of the ‘Jewish problem’. Whereas Henry gave up his aggressive anti-Semitism rather easily and moved on to a sympathetic depiction of Jews in the early 1900s, Thomas’ works show little change as far as the Jewish theme is concerned. Thomas Mann, on the other hand, believed that literature and politics were dimensionally separated; but what proved advantageous in terms of artistic quality resulted in a flawed interpretation of the Jewish theme.
Reviews
Authors: Kelly Tobias , Brisman Avi , Anderson-Levy Lisa , Simic Olivera , Holden Livia 
Published: November 2018

Coles, Kimberley. 2007. Democratic Designs: International intervention and electoral practices in post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN: 978-0-472-06985-9. 320 pgs. 31 figures, 6 tables. $26.95.Goodale, Mark and Sally Engle Merry (2007) The Practice of Human Rights: Tracking Law Between the Global and the Local. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-68378-4, xii + 384 pp, $39.99Lazarus-Black, Mindie. 2007. Everyday Harm: Domestic Violence, Court Rites, and Cultures of Reconciliation.
Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN: 978-0-252-07408-0. 264 pp. $22.00.Pouligny, Beatrice. 2006. Peace Operations Seen from Below: UN Missions and Local People. USA: Kumarian Press. ISBN: 978 156549 224 0 276 295 pp. $27.50.Good, Anthony. 2007. Anthropology and Expertise in the Asylum Courts. New York: Cavendish. ISBN 978-1-904385-55-4 xxv + 299 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Laberge Yves , Wright Fiona , Norum Roger 
Published: November 2018

Hyland, Richard. 2009. Gifts: A Study in Comparative Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. xxi+708 p. ISBN-13: 978-0195343366, £80.Book Review: Lori Allen, The Rise and Fall of Human Rights: Cynicism and Politics in Occupied Palestine, xviii, 258 pp. bibliogr. Stanford Studies in Human Rights, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 2013. $85 (cloth), $24.95 (paper).Lucht, Hans. 2012. Darkness before Daybreak: African Migrants Living on the Margins in Southern Italy Today. Berkeley: University of California Press. Isbn 0520270738, xxii, 284 pp, price: $26.95
Book Reviews
Authors: Jackman Michael Connors , Khan Adeel 
Published: November 2018

Clarke, A. and D. Haraway (eds) (2018) Making Kin Not Population: Reconceiving Generations (Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press) ISBN: 9780996635561.
Ben Hounet, Y. (ed) (2018), Law and Property in Algeria: Anthropological Perspectives (Brill: Leiden). ISBN: 978-90-04-36211-6.
Predictors of outcome following Gamma Knife surgery for acromegaly
Authors: Poon Tak Lap , Leung Samuel Cheong Lun , Poon Christopher Yee Fat , Yu Chung Ping 
Published: November 2018

Object
Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is gaining popularity in the treatment of patients with acromegaly after transsphenoidal tumor excision. In this paper, the authors examine the efficacy of GKS and predictors for biochemical remission.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed data spanning the period 1997–2008 in their hospital Gamma Knife statistics database. Forty patients with a mean age of 64 years (range 19–73 years) underwent GKS for acromegaly during that period. Transsphenoidal subtotal tumor excision had been performed prior to GKS in all these patients, except for 3 deemed to be at high surgical risk. All GKS treatment plans were formulated by the same team that performed the microsurgical procedures. Biochemical remission was defined as a growth hormone (GH) level < 2 ng/ml and an insulin-like growth factor–I level that was considered normal with reference to the patient's age and sex. The mean follow-up period after radiosurgery was 73.8 months (range 12–132 months).

Results
Three patients died during the study period of causes unrelated to surgery or GKS. Twenty-nine patients (72.5%) underwent 1 radiosurgery session, and 11 patients (27.5%) required 2 radiosurgery sessions. Among the patients who underwent 1 radiosurgery session, excellent responses (76%–100% reductions in tumor size, GH level, and insulin-like growth factor–I level) were observed in 18 (62%; p < 0.0001), 20 (69%; p < 0.0001), and 5 patients (17%; p = 0.21), respectively. Tumors < 1 cm3 and those with no evidence of cavernous sinus extension were statistically significantly related to a good response in tumor size reduction (p = 0.029 and p = 0.0016, respectively). Subgroup analyses were performed in patients who attained biochemical remission in GH levels; the subgroups included patient sex, patient age, target volume, isodose volume, prescribed dose and isodose, pre-GKS GH level, and evidence of cavernous sinus extension. Only male sex was found to be a statistically significant predictor of good hormone regulation (p = 0.0124). The presence of a cavernous sinus extension was the statistically significant predictor of poor hormone control (p = 0.0011) in our study.

Conclusions
Subtotal tumor excision followed by GKS was an effective treatment for acromegaly. Tumors < 1 cm3 and those with no evidence of cavernous sinus extension responded well to treatment. Male sex and absence of cavernous sinus involvement can be regarded as predictors of biochemical remission.
Gamma Knife surgery combined with resection for treatment of a single brain metastasis: preliminary results
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Filippidis Aristotelis S. , Kalani Maziyar A. , Sanai Nader , Brachman David , McBride Heyoung L. , Shetter Andrew G. , Smith Kris A. 
Published: November 2018

Object
Resection and whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) have classically been the standard treatment for a single metastasis to the brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) as an alternative to WBRT in patients who had undergone resection and to evaluate patient survival and local tumor control.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of 150 patients treated with a combination of stereotactic radiosurgery and resection of a cranial metastasis at their institution between April 1997 and September 2009. Patients who had multiple lesions or underwent both WBRT and GKS were excluded, as were patients for whom survival data beyond the initial treatment were not available. Clinical and imaging follow-up was assessed using notes from clinic visits and MR imaging studies when available. Follow-up data beyond the initial treatment and survival data were available for 68 patients.

Results
The study included 37 women (54.4%) and 31 men (45.6%) (mean age 60 years, range 28–89 years). In 45 patients (66.2%) there was systemic control of the primary tumor when the cranial metastasis was identified. The median duration between resection and radiosurgery was 15.5 days. The median volume of the treated cavity was 10.35 cm3 (range 0.9–45.4 cm3), and the median dose to the cavity margin was 15 Gy (range 14–30 Gy), delivered to the 50% isodose line (range 50%–76% isodose line). The patients' median preradiosurgery Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score was 90 (range 40–100). During the follow-up period we identified 27 patients (39.7%) with recurrent tumor located either local or distant to the site of treatment. The median time from primary treatment of metastasis to recurrence was 10.6 months. The patients' median length of survival (interval between first treatment of cerebral metastasis and last follow-up) was 13.2 months. For the patient who died during follow-up, the median time from diagnosis of cerebral metastasis to death was 11.5 months. The median duration of survival from diagnosis of the primary cancer to last follow-up was 30.2 months. Patients with a pretreatment KPS score ≥ 90 had a median survival time of 23.2 months, and patients with a pretreatment KPS score < 90 had a median survival time of 10 months (p < 0.008). Systemic control of disease at the time of metastasis was not predictive of increased survival duration, although it did tend to improve survival.

Conclusions
Although the debate about the ideal form of radiation treatment after resection continues, these findings indicate that GKS combined with surgery offers comparable survival duration and local tumor control to WBRT for patients with a diagnosis of a single metastasis.
Gamma Knife surgery in vestibular schwannomas: impact on the anterior and posterior labyrinth
Authors: Gerosa Massimo , Mesiano Nazarena , Longhi Michele , De Simone Antonio , Foroni Roberto , Verlicchi Angela , Zanotti Bruno , Nicolato Antonio 
Published: November 2018

Object
During the past decades, in small-to-medium size vestibular schwannomas, Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) has become a reliable therapeutic option because of either excellent local tumor control or minimal morbidity, with cranial neuropathy becoming increasingly rare. Although still insufficiently analyzed in larger cohorts of patients with long-term follow-ups, adequate chances of hearing preservation and vestibular sparing seem clinically guaranteed. However, deeper investigations are needed in this regard, expanding the number of cases and the follow-up period.

Methods
A small group of patients with vestibular schwannomas (74 patients, including 41 men and 33 women) treated between 2003 and 2009 using GKS at the authors' institution were analyzed—both before and after GKS—with computerized static stabilometry and electronystagmography for balance disorders, vertigo, and ataxia on 1 side and pure tone average, vocal speech discrimination score, auditory brainstem response, and so forth for hearing impairment and tinnitus on the other side. Eligibility criteria for this prospective study included previously untreated unilateral lesions and a Gardner-Robertson hearing class of I–III. Dosimetry plans had been programmed at the lower effective dosages for these tumors (median surface dose 12.4 Gy, range 10–13 Gy), carefully avoiding even minimal toxic dosages on the most vulnerable targets: the cochlea (never > 6 Gy) and the vestibular canals (< 7.5 Gy).

Results
To date, tumor growth control rates remain satisfactory; at a mean follow-up of 50 months, the rate was 96%. The overall level of hearing preservation was 72%, with 81% having Gardner-Robertson Class I hearing. Tinnitus decreased, from 52% to 28% of patients (p < 0.01). Significant improvements were also observed in vestibular symptoms, with computerized static stabilometry abnormalities decreasing from 62% to 32% (p < 0.001) and electronystagmography abnormalities reducing from 48% to 14% (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Using appropriate radiodosimetry planning, GKS seems to guarantee not only adequate tumor growth control rates, but also better levels of hearing preservation, with a documented, long-lasting improvement in vestibular functions.
Gamma Knife surgery for abducent nerve schwannoma
Authors: Hayashi Motohiro , Chernov Mikhail , Tamura Noriko , Yomo Shoji , Ochiai Taku , Nagai Mariko , Tamura Manabu , Izawa Masahiro , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Iseki Hiroshi , Okada Yoshikazu , Takakura Kintomo 
Published: November 2018

Abducent nerve schwannomas are extremely rare. The authors recently performed Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in 4 patients with such tumors and describe their experiences with these cases.
The patients consisted of 3 women and 1 man whose ages varied from 31 to 60 years (mean 46 years). Two patients had no symptoms, 1 complained of slight visual disturbances, and the other 1 had abducent nerve palsy. Neurofibromatosis was not diagnosed in any case. All 4 tumors were located in the cavernous sinus: 2 of these tumors within the borders of the sinus, 1 tumor extending into the orbit, and 1 tumor extending into the prepontine cistern. The volume of the neoplasms varied from 1.7 to 4.9 cm3 (mean 3.0 cm3). No patient underwent tumor resection. Treatment was delivered with the aid of a Leksell Gamma Knife model C unit and the automatic positioning system. The dose directed to the tumor margin was 12 Gy in all cases. The dose directed to the anterior visual pathways was kept below 10 Gy and that to the brainstem below 14 Gy. The length of follow-up varied between 7 and 43 months (mean 27 months).
There were no acute complications or side effects. Imaging studies showed temporary enlargement of all tumors during the 1st posttreatment year, but thereafter, there was a trend toward reduction in volume. None of the neoplasms displayed regrowth. In the 3 patients who did not have abducent nerve palsy before GKS, it appeared, at least temporarily, after the procedure. Purely intracavernous neoplasms in general followed uneventful posttreatment courses, but dumbbell-shaped tumors were associated with significant morbidity. The cisternocavernous schwannoma underwent cystic degeneration 2 years after GKS, and the patient developed diplopia. After GKS, the patient treated for an orbitocavernous schwannoma experienced a significant deterioration in vision, temporary blindness in 1 eye, and late development of permanent abducent nerve palsy, which were seemingly caused by compression of neurovascular structures within the anulus of Zinn during a temporary increase in the lesion's volume after irradiation.
Gamma Knife surgery controls the growth of abducent nerve schwannomas and may be effectively used to manage intracavernous neoplasms. Caution, however, should be used in cases of dumbbell-shaped tumors, particularly those extending through the superior orbital fissure.