bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adequate Infliximab Exposure During Induction Predicts Remission in Paediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: van Hoeve Karen , Dreesen Erwin , Hoffman Ilse , Van Assche Gert , Ferrante Marc , Gils Ann , Vermeire Séverine 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:Therapeutic drug monitoring has been proposed as a useful tool in the management of infliximab (IFX) treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether IFX trough levels after induction therapy are predictive for outcome at week 52.Methods:All pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving maintenance IFX at our centre, with IFX trough level available at their first maintenance infusion and a follow‐up of at least 52 weeks were included. IFX induction regimens could be intensified at the discretion of the treating physician. All children received proactive drug monitoring during maintenance with dose adaptation aiming to target a therapeutic window of 3 to 7 μg/mL.Results:We included 35 children (23 with Crohn disease and 12 with ulcerative colitis). Median IFX trough levels just before the first maintenance infusion were significantly higher in children achieving clinical (4.6 μg/mL [2.7–11.8] vs 1.5 μg/mL [0.9–3.0]), biological (4.6 μg/mL [2.5–10.3] vs 2.6 μg/mL [0.3–3.2]) and combined clinical/biological remission (6.0 μg/mL [3.2–12.0] vs 2.6 μg/mL [1.1–3.2]) at week 52 compared to children not meeting these criteria (all P ⩽ 0.002). Binary logistic regression identified these trough levels as the only predictor for the same outcomes with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.083 (1.085–3.998), 2.203 (1.101–4.408), and 2.264 (1.096–4.680), respectively (all P < 0.05).Conclusions:Adequate IFX exposure during induction therapy is associated with better clinical and/or biological remission at week 52. Postinduction IFX trough levels were the only predictor for clinical and/or biological remission at week 52.
Performance of the Syphilis Health Check in Clinic and Laboratory-Based Settings
Authors: Fakile Yetunde F. , Brinson Myra , Mobley Victoria , Park Ina U. , Gaynor Anne M. 
Published: January 2019

Background
In this study, we evaluate the performance of the Syphilis Health Check (SHC) in clinical and laboratory settings using fingerstick whole blood and serum.

Methods
Fingerstick whole blood and serum specimens from adult patients (n = 562) without prior syphilis history presenting at 2 county health department STD clinics in North Carolina were tested. Fingerstick specimens were tested with the SHC in clinic, and serum specimens were tested at the North Carolina State Laboratory of Public Health with: (1) qualitative rapid plasma reagin, (2) treponemal EIA, and (3) SHC. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
The fingerstick whole blood had a sensitivity of 100% (7 of 7) and specificity of 95.7% (531 of 555), compared with consensus reference testing (CRT) (rapid plasma reagin and EIA reactive), but a sensitivity of 50% (8 of 16), and specificity of 95.9% (523 of 546), when compared with the treponemal EIA. Both laboratory-based SHC on serum and whole-blood SHC performed similarly, compared with CRT, and the treponemal EIA alone. Twenty-four specimens SHC reactive on whole blood were nonreactive by CRT. In 8 of these 24 cases, STD clinic staff reported difficulty reading the test line for the SHC. Of the fingerstick whole-blood SHC reactive specimens, only 14 of 31 were also serum SHC reactive.

Conclusions
The SHC on whole blood appears to be sensitive at detecting patients likely to have syphilis and could be an option for testing among high-risk populations. However, given challenges in interpreting SHC test results, adequate training of persons performing testing and ongoing quality assurance measures are key.
Is There Evidence of Gender Bias in the Oral Examination for Initial Certification by the American Board of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation?
Authors: Driscoll Sherilyn W. , Robinson Lawrence R. , Raddatz Mikaela M. , Kinney Carolyn L. 
Published: January 2019

Objective
Unconscious bias may result in a prejudicial evaluation of another person and lead to unfair treatment. Potential gender bias risk exists in the scoring process on the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation oral examination (Part II) because of the face-to-face interactions between candidates and examiners. This study was undertaken to determine whether performance on the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Part II examination differed based on candidate gender or configuration of examiner/candidate gender pairings. The impact of examiner unconscious bias training on candidate performance was also assessed.

Design
This is a retrospective observational study of first-time Part II physical medicine and rehabilitation certification examination test takers between 2013 and 2018.

Results
There were significant differences in pass rates (men 84%, women 89%) and mean scaled scores (men 6.56, women 6.81) between men and women (P < 0.001) with the biggest domain score differences in data acquisition and interpersonal and communication skills. Implementation of examiner unconscious bias training did not impact candidate performance.

Conclusions
Women candidates scored higher and had a higher pass rate than men candidates overall on the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Part II examination. This difference does not seem to be due to scoring gender bias by the Part II examiners or due to candidate aptitude as measured on the Part I examination.
Analysis of H-index in Assessing Gender Differences in Academic Rank and Leadership in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in the United States and Canada
Authors: Yang Hsin Yun , Rhee Gaeun , Xuan Lisa , Silver Julie K. , Jalal Sabeena , Khosa Faisal 
Published: January 2019

Objectives
The aims of the study were (1) to establish potential gender differences in academic physical medicine and rehabilitation faculty across the United States and Canada and (2) to evaluate associations between physician gender, leadership position, and research productivity.

Design
Physical medicine and rehabilitation programs enlisted in Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (n = 72) and Canadian Resident Matching Service (n = 9) were searched for academic faculty with Doctor of Medicine degrees to generate a database of gender and academic profiles. Bibliometric data were collected using Elsevier's Scopus and analyzed by Strata v14.2.

Results
Of 1045 faculty meeting the inclusion criteria, 653 were men and 392 were women. Men were found in greater numbers across all academic ranks, with professors as most conspicuous (79.14%), and held most (85.54%) leadership positions. The study's prediction model assessed for gender differences in academic rank and leadership roles and found that odds of men having higher h-index as 0.78 (95% confidence interval = 0.24–0.87), indicating that women were not significantly inferior in academic performance.

Conclusions
A significantly greater number of men make up physical medicine and rehabilitation faculty in all academic ranks and leadership positions. H-index based on gender and adjusted for covariates is comparable between men and women, suggesting that more complex, multifactorial issues are likely influencing the gender differences.
A Patient-Centered Multicomponent Strategy for Accelerated Linkage to Care Following Community-Wide HIV Testing in Rural Uganda and Kenya
Authors: Ayieko James , Petersen Maya L. , Charlebois Edwin D. , Brown Lillian B. , Clark Tamara D. , Kwarisiima Dalsone , Kamya Moses R. , Cohen Craig R. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Havlir Diane V. , Van Rie Annelies 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
As countries move toward universal HIV treatment, many individuals fail to link to care after diagnosis of HIV. Efficient and effective linkage strategies are needed.

Methods:
We implemented a patient-centered, multicomponent linkage strategy in the SEARCH “test-and-treat” trial (NCT 01864603) in Kenya and Uganda. After population-based, community-wide HIV testing, eligible participants were (1) introduced to clinic staff after testing, (2) provided a telephone “hot-line” for enquiries, (3) provided an appointment reminder phone call, (4) given transport reimbursement on linkage, and (5) tracked if linkage appointment was missed. We estimated the proportion linked to care within 1 year and evaluated factors associated with linkage at 7, 30, and 365 days after diagnosis.

Results:
Among 71,308 adults tested, 6811 (9.6%) were HIV-infected; of these, 4760 (69.9%) were already in HIV care, and 30.1% were not. Among 2051 not in care, 58% were female, median age was 32 (interquartile range 26–40) years, and median CD4 count was 493 (interquartile range 331–683) cells/µL. Half (49.7%) linked within 1 week, and 73.4% linked within 1 year. Individuals who were younger [15–34 vs. >35 years, adjusted Risk Ratio (aRR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74 to 0.94], tested at home vs. community campaign (aRR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.94), had a high HIV-risk vs. low-risk occupation (aRR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.88), and were wealthier (aRR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.97) were less likely to link. Linkage did not differ by marital status, stable residence, level of education, or having a phone contact.

Conclusions:
Using a multicomponent linkage strategy, high proportions of people living with HIV but not in care linked rapidly after HIV testing.
Modified Mandibular Sagittal Split Osteotomy
Authors: Ferri Joël , Schlund Matthias , Roland-Billecart Thomas , Nicot Romain 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
Mandibular osteotomies aim to displace the dental arch to the necessary position, ideally without limitation, while preserving inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) function. Supraforaminal osteotomies offer nerve safety but limit the extent of advancement, whereas Epker and Obwegeser–Dal Pont osteotomies enable unchallenged mandibular advancement but are associated with an inferior border notch. Here, we describe a new technique to avoid such disadvantages.

Technical note:
The beginning of the procedure was similar to Epker's technique, with sectioning of the lingual cortex up to the level of the lingula. Sectioning of the buccal cortex was stopped 3 to 4 mm above the inferior border and then performed horizontally up to the gonial angle in total thickness. The inferior border periosteum and muscles attachments were conserved and hence, appropriately vascularized.

Discussion:
This technique offers 4 advantages: absence of the inferior border notch, lower risk of damage to the IAN than with Epker's technique, sufficiently large bony surface to obtain bone healing as in Epker's technique, and no limitation to setback movement in contrast to Obwegeser–Dal Pont's or the supraforaminal osteotomy techniques.
Effects of Different Levels of Restraint Stress on Bone–Implant Contact
Authors: Bozoglan Alihan , Dundar Serkan , Yildirim Tuba T. , Bulmus Ozgur , Ertugrul Abdullah Seckin , Bozoglan Merve Y. , Tekin Samet , Toy Vesile Elif 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study examined the effects of different levels of chronic restraint stress on bone–titanium implant contact in rats. This study included 32 adult female Sprague–Dawley rats. The machined surface titanium implants were surgically placed into the metaphyseal region of the rat tibias. Next, the rats were divided randomly into 4 groups, namely, control (CNT) (n = 8), low-restraint stress (LRS) (n = 8), medium-restraint stress (MRS) (n = 8), and high-restraint stress (HRS) (n = 8) groups. The rats in the CNT group received only the titanium implants surgically but did not receive any further treatment during the experimental period of 30 days. The rats in the LRS, MRS, and HRS groups were applied restraint stress for 1, 2, and 4 hours, respectively, daily for 28 days starting from day 2 after the surgery. At the end of the study period, the rats were sacrificed and their implants and the surrounding bone tissues were harvested for performing nondecalcified histological analysis. Moreover, blood samples were collected from the rats and were centrifuged for analyzing serum cortisol levels. Serum cortisol levels of the rats in the LRS, MRS, and HRS groups were higher than those of the rats in the CNT group (P < 0.05). Moreover, serum cortisol levels of the rats in the HRS group were higher than those of the rats in the MRS and LRS groups (P < 0.05). The extent of bone–implant contact was lower in the rats in the HRS group than in the rats in the CNT and LRS groups (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the application of 4-hour chronic restraint stress during the 28-day experimental period impaired the bone–implant contact.
Granulomatous Inflammation of the Upper Eyelid After Autologous Fat Injection
Authors: Huh Jungah , Yang Sungwon , Park Jinhwan , Lee Hwa , Baek Sehyun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A 45-year-old female came to the clinic complaining of periorbital swelling and ptosis on the left upper eyelid that had started 6 months previously. She had received an autologous fat injection in the forehead 6 months prior, and there was no other ophthalmologic history. There were no abnormal findings, including pupil, extraocular movement, or fundus examination. There was eyebrow elevation of the left upper eyelid, and the marginal reflex distance 1 was 1 mm on the left eye compared to 4 mm on the right eye. There were a 2-cm-sized round and firm mass on the left upper eyelid that was not accompanied by tenderness. Orbital computed tomography showed heterogeneous infiltration with an ill-defined margin. Excisional biopsy and levator advancement were performed on the left upper eyelid, and histological findings showed chronic granulomatous inflammation with foreign body reaction and fat necrosis.
A complete history for patient presentation with autologous fat injection is important when a periorbital mass is encountered clinically because granulomatous inflammation of the eyelid may occur after autologous fat injection in the forehead and can be related to migration of the injected fat.
Impact of Cardiac Risk Factors on Complications Following Cranial Vault Remodeling: Analysis of the 2012 to 2016 National Safety Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric Database
Authors: Bartz-Kurycki Marisa , Wei Shuyan , Bernardi Karla , Moffitt Joseph K. , Greives Matthew R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Congenital cardiac malformations have been reported in 8% of patients with craniosynostosis undergoing cranial vault remodeling (CVR), but associations with surgical outcomes are unknown. This study evaluated postoperative complications in patients who underwent CVR for craniosynostosis with or without cardiac risk factors (CRF) using the National Safety Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) database. NSQIP-P database was queried for patients <2 years with craniosynostosis who underwent CVR from 2012 to 2016 based on diagnosis and procedure codes. The primary outcome was a composite of available NSQIP-P complications. Analysis compared patients with craniosynostosis based on the presence or absence of CRF. Univariate and multiple logistic regression identified risk factors associated with postoperative complications. A total of 3293 patients met inclusion criteria (8% with CRF). Two-thirds of patients experienced at least 1 complication, though patients with CRF experienced a greater proportion (74% vs 66%, P = 0.001). Univariate analysis identified associations between post-operative complications and age, ASA class, supplemental oxygen, neuromuscular disorders, preoperative nutritional supplementation, interventricular hemorrhage, and CRF. On multivariate regression, only older age (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.36) and longer operative duration (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.01) were associated with greater odds of postoperative complications. The most common complication in patients with craniosynostosis who undergo CVR is bleeding requiring transfusion. Older age and longer operative duration were associated with postoperative complications. Although patients with CRF have more postoperative complications, CRF was not a risk factor on adjusted analysis.
Catheter Aspiration With Recanalization for Budd-Chiari Syndrome With Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis
Authors: Yang Fang , Huang Ping-Chao , Yan Lei-Lei , Zhang Ze-Dong , Fu Yu-Fei , Xia Feng-Fei 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
To assess the safety and clinical effectiveness of catheter aspiration with recanalization in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2010 and December 2017, 33 patients with BCS and IVC thrombosis were treated by catheter aspiration with IVC recanalization in our center. A 12 F angled-tip guiding catheter was used for the aspiration of thrombi in the IVC. Recanalization was conducted following thrombi aspiration. Rates of technical success, clinical success and long-term patency were calculated.

Results:
Catheter aspiration with IVC recanalization was technically successful in all patients. After aspiration, no thrombi were detectable by IVC venography in 21 patients, while residual mural thrombi were found in 12 patients. IVC balloon dilation was performed in 18 patients, while stent insertion was performed in 15 patients. We also achieved clinical success in all patients. Symptomatic and asymptomatic pulmonary embolism were found in 1 patient each, respectively. The cumulative 1-, 3-, and 5-year patency rates were 93.6%, 93.6%, and 83.2%, respectively. All patients remained alive during the follow-up.

Conclusions:
Catheter aspiration with recanalization is a safe and efficacious approach to treating patients with BCS and IVC thrombosis.
Communication in cancer: its impact on the experience of cancer care: communicating with the angry patient and the patient in denial
Authors: Pene Christopher Tino Hamana , Kissane David 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
This review aims to describe the recent literature on communication between cancer care clinicians and angry patients and patients in denial.

Recent findings
Clinicians had improved perceived self-efficacy in responding to patient anger after completing anger management training, with a focus on reframing anger as a normative response to unmet needs. Psychosocial and mindfulness programmes for cancer patients were found to be useful for modifying anger response to stressors. Existing clinician communication guidelines may not meet the complex needs of adolescents and individuals with anger-prone personality expressing anger. The detrimental effects of avoiding communication about cancer and dying in patients and families include increased stress and emotional burden, patient depression and anxiety and regret in bereaved family members. Further understanding of the complex interplay between the expression of instrumental and emotional concerns of patients may lead to improved clinician communication.

Summary
Anger and maladaptive denial in patients with cancer have detrimental effects that can be seen across a wide range of cultural contexts, in not only the patient but also in their families and the involved clinicians. Training interventions for both patients and clinicians can benefit patient emotional response and perceived clinician self-efficacy.
Oncologists communicating with patients about assisted dying
Authors: Selby Debbie , Bean Sally 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
Across all jurisdictions in which assisted dying is legally permissible, cancer is the primary reported underlying diagnosis. Therefore, oncologists are likely to be asked about assisted dying and should be equipped to respond to inquiries or requests for assisted dying. Because Medical Assistance in Dying was legalized in Canada in 2016, it is a relatively new end-of-life practice and has prompted the need to revisit the academic literature to inform communication with patients about assisted dying.

Recent findings
We reviewed applicable literature published in the past 5 years, pertaining to assisted dying and communication. In total, 86 articles were identified, 21 were flagged as relevant to review in detail, and six were included in the review. Key themes included perceived barriers and benefits to communicating with patients on the topic, pragmatic approaches for facilitating the conversation with patients, and the issue of proactively discussing assisted dying by broaching it as an option with patients.

Summary
These findings indicate that there is still discomfort around having conversations about assisted dying with patients but new tools and approaches are being developed to support the practice.
Cancer and fertility: optimizing communication between patients and healthcare providers
Authors: Shen Shiyang , Zelkowitz Phyllis , Rosberger Zeev 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
This article reviews the status of guidelines and recommendations for communication between patients with cancer and healthcare providers (HCPs) concerning fertility issues.

Recent findings
The timing, the type of information provided, and the openness of HCPs can all affect how patients with cancer perceive discussions regarding fertility concerns and preservation. In addition, whether such discussions occur is associated with intrinsic factors, such as age and sex of the patients as well as HCP's knowledge level. It has also been found that the patients have different needs for information regarding fertility preservation and preferences for types of communication strategies regarding the impact of their disease and treatments on options for family planning.

Summary
Although discussions about fertility concerns in the context of cancer between physicians and patients are occurring more frequently, there are inconsistent findings regarding satisfaction with these discussions. Recent research has found that the timing, type of information given, and level of openness of the HCP can impact how patients perceive communications regarding the risks of cancer treatment on fertility preservation options and future family planning. Age, sex, and HCP's knowledge of fertility risks and fertility preservation services are also notable factors associated with whether and how extensively discussions about fertility take place. More women than men report having a fertility discussion with an HCP. However, men are more likely to report satisfaction with the fertility discussion than women.
Early signalling mechanisms underlying receptor kinase-mediated immunity in plants
Authors: Zhou Zhaoyang , Zhao Yan , Bi Guozhi , Liang Xiangxiu , Zhou Jian-Min 
Published: January 2019

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which are single transmembrane proteins belonging to the receptor-like kinase (RLK) and receptor-like protein (RLP) super families, sense microbe- and host-derived molecular patterns to activate immune responses in plants. PRRs associate with co-receptors, scaffold proteins and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) to form immune receptor complexes at the cell surface, allowing activation of cellular responses upon perception of extracellular ligands. Recent advances have uncovered new mechanisms by which these immune receptor complexes are regulated at the levels of composition, stability and activity. It has become clear that RLCKs are central components directly linking PRRs to multiple downstream signalling modules. Furthermore, new studies have provided important insights into the regulation of reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades and heterotrimeric G proteins, which has not only deepened our understanding of immunity, but also expanded our view of transmembrane signalling in general.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management’.