bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new model of experimental hemispherotomy in young adult Rattus norvegicus: a neural tract tracing and SPECT in vivo study
Authors: Matias Ivair , Elias-Filho Daoud Hibrahim , Garcia Camila Araújo Bernardino , Silva Guilherme Henrique , Mejia Jorge , Cabral Francisco Romero , Miranda Ana Cláudia Camargo , Gomes da Silva Sérgio , da Silva Lopes Luíza , Coimbra Norberto Cysne , Machado Hélio Rubens 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to describe a new experimental model of hemispherotomy performed on laboratory animals.METHODSTwenty-six male young adult Wistar rats were distributed into two groups (surgery and control). The nonfluorescent anterograde neurotracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA; 10,000 MW) was microinjected into the motor cortex area (M1) according to The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates atlas to identify pathways and fibers disconnected after the experimental hemispherectomy. SPECT tomographic images of 99mTc hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime were obtained to verify perfusion in functioning areas of the disconnected and intact brain. A reproducible and validated surgical procedure is described in detail, including exact measurements and anatomical relationships. An additional 30 rodents (n = 10 rats per group) were divided into naïve, sham, and hemispherotomy groups and underwent the rotarod test.RESULTSCortico-cortical neural pathways were identified crossing the midline and contacting neuronal perikarya in the contralateral brain hemisphere in controls, but not in animals undergoing hemispherotomy. There was an absence of perfusion in the left side of the brain of the animals undergoing hemispherotomy. Motor performance was significantly affected by brain injuries, increasing the number of attempts to maintain balance on the moving cylinder in the rotarod test at 10 and 30 days after the hemispherotomy, with a tendency to minimize the motor performance deficit over time.CONCLUSIONSThe present findings show that the technique reproduced neural disconnection with minimal resection of brain parenchyma in young adult rats, thereby duplicating the hemispherotomy procedures in human patients.
Endoscopic endonasal resection of epidermoid cysts involving the ventral cranial base
Authors: Forbes Jonathan A. , Banu Matei , Lehner Kurt , Ottenhausen Malte , La Corte Emanuele , Alalade Andrew F. , Ordóñez-Rubiano Edgar G. , Greenfield Jeffrey P. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVEEpidermoid cysts (ECs) commonly extend to involve the ventral cisterns of the cranial base. When present, symptoms arise due to progressive mass effect on the brainstem and adjacent cranial nerves. Historically, a variety of open microsurgical approaches have been used for resection of ECs in this intricate region. In recent years, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been proposed as an alternative corridor that avoids crossing the plane of the cranial nerves. To date, there is a paucity of data in the literature regarding the safety and efficacy of the EEA in the treatment of ECs of the ventral cranial base.METHODSThe authors reviewed a prospectively acquired database of EEAs for resection of ECs over 8 years at Weill Cornell, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital. All procedures were performed by the senior authors. Standardized clinical and radiological parameters were assessed before and after surgery. Statistical tests were used to determine the impact of previous surgery and tumor volume on extent of resection and recurrence as well as the method of closure on rate of CSF leak.RESULTSBetween January 2009 and February 2017, 7 patients (4 males and 3 females; age range 16–70 years) underwent a total of 8 surgeries for EC resection utilizing the EEA. Transplanum and transclival extensions were performed in 3 and 5 patients, respectively. Methods of closure incorporated a gasket seal in 6 of 8 procedures and a nasoseptal flap in 7 of 8 procedures. Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 43% of patients, and near-total resection (> 95%) was obtained in another 43%. Complications included diabetes insipidus (n = 2), postoperative CSF leak (n = 2), transient third cranial nerve palsy (n = 1), and epistaxis (n = 1). With a mean follow-up of 43.5 months, recurrence has been observed in 2 of 7 patients. In 1 case, reoperation for recurrence was required 71 months following the initial surgery. Use of the gasket-seal technique with nasoseptal flap coverage significantly correlated with the absence of postoperative CSF leakage (p = 0.018). GTR was achieved in 25% of the patients who had prior surgeries and in 50% of patients without previous resections. The mean volume of cysts in which GTR was achieved (4.3 ± 1.8 cm3) was smaller than that in which subtotal or near-total resection was achieved (12.2 ± 11 cm3, p = 0.134).CONCLUSIONSThe EEA for resection of ECs of the ventral cranial base is a safe and effective operative strategy that avoids crossing the plane of the cranial nerves. In the authors’ experience, gasket-seal closure with nasoseptal flap coverage has been associated with a decreased risk of postoperative CSF leakage.
High-resolution 3D volumetric contrast-enhanced MR angiography with a blood pool agent (ferumoxytol) for diagnostic evaluation of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Iv Michael , Choudhri Omar , Dodd Robert L. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. , Alley Marcus T. , Moseley Michael , Holdsworth Samantha J. , Grant Gerald , Cheshier Samuel , Yeom Kristen W. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVEPatients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) often require repeat imaging with MRI or MR angiography (MRA), CT angiography (CTA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The ideal imaging modality provides excellent vascular visualization without incurring added risks, such as radiation exposure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of ferumoxytol-enhanced MRA using a high-resolution 3D volumetric sequence (fe-SPGR) for visualizing and grading pediatric brain AVMs in comparison with CTA and DSA, which is the current imaging gold standard.METHODSIn this retrospective cohort study, 21 patients with AVMs evaluated by fe-SPGR, CTA, and DSA between April 2014 and August 2017 were included. Two experienced raters graded AVMs using Spetzler-Martin criteria on all imaging studies. Lesion conspicuity (LC) and diagnostic confidence (DC) were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, and interrater agreement was determined. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to assess the raters’ grades and scores of LC and DC, with subsequent post hoc pairwise comparisons to assess for statistically significant differences between pairs of groups at p < 0.05.RESULTSAssigned Spetzler-Martin grades for AVMs on DSA, fe-SPGR, and CTA were not significantly different (p = 0.991). LC and DC scores were higher with fe-SPGR than with CTA (p < 0.05). A significant difference in LC scores was found between CTA and fe-SPGR (p < 0.001) and CTA and DSA (p < 0.001) but not between fe-SPGR and DSA (p = 0.146). A significant difference in DC scores was found among DSA, fe-SPGR, and CTA (p < 0.001) and between all pairs of the groups (p < 0.05). Interrater agreement was good to very good for all image groups (κ = 0.77–1.0, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSFe-SPGR performed robustly in the diagnostic evaluation of brain AVMs, with improved visual depiction of AVMs compared with CTA and comparable Spetzler-Martin grading relative to CTA and DSA.
T-cell infiltration into the perilesional cortex is long-lasting and associates with poor somatomotor recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ndode-Ekane Xavier Ekolle , Matthiesen Liz , Bañuelos-Cabrera Ivette , Palminha Cátia Alexandra Pêgas , Pitkänen Asla 
Published: June 2018

Background: T-lymphocyte (T-cell) invasion into the brain parenchyma is a major consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the role of T-cells in the post-TBI functional outcome and secondary inflammatory processes is unknown. We explored the dynamics of T-cell infiltration into the cortex after TBI to establish whether the infiltration relates to post-injury functional impairment/recovery and progression of the secondary injury. Method: TBI was induced in rats by lateral fluid-percussion injury, and the acute functional impairment was assessed using the neuroscore. Animals were killed between 1–90 d post-TBI for immunohistochemical analysis of T-cell infiltration (CD3), chronic macrophage/microglial reaction (CD68), blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction (IgG), and endophenotype of the cortical injury. Furthermore, the occurrence of spontaneous seizures and spike-and-wave discharges were assessed using video-electroencephalography. Results: The number of T-cells peaked at 2-d post-TBI, and then dramatically decreased by 7-d post-TBI (5% of 2-d value). Unexpectedly, chronic T-cell infiltration at 1 or 3 months post-TBI did not correlate with the severity of chronic inflammation ( p > 0.05) or BBB dysfunction ( p > 0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that inflammation and BBB dysfunction is associated with 48% of the perilesional T-cell infiltration even at the chronic time-point ( r = 0.695, F = 6.54, p < 0.05). The magnitude of T-cell infiltration did not predict the pathologic endophenotype of cortical injury, but the higher the number of T-cells in the cortex, the poorer the recovery index based on the neuroscore ( r = – 0.538, p < 0.05). T-cell infiltration was not associated with the number or duration of age-related spike-and-wave discharges (SWD). Nevertheless, the higher the number of SWD, the poorer the recovery index ( r = – 0.767, p < 0.5). Conclusions: These findings suggest that acute infiltration of T-cells into the brain parenchyma after TBI is a contributing factor to poor post-injury recovery.
Introduction: Enlightenment and Empire
Authors: Macinnes Allan I. , Dunyach Jean-François 
Published: June 2018

The Enlightenment is here located in the global transmission of goods, people and ideas. The Scottish participation in Empires is explored through four distinctive themes. The first scrutinises how Whig and Jacobite perspectives on Enlightenment affected Scottish engagement with the British and other Empires. The second relates to the impact of Enlightenment thinking on the reputed decline of Spanish Empire on Scottish commercial access to Latin America. The third deals with enlightened critiques of Empire that were not necessarily sustained by observation and practical experience. The fourth explores through case studies the application of Enlightenment in North America and India. Most of the contributions were primarily given as papers to the Eighteenth Century Scottish Studies Society Conference held in Paris Sorbonne in July 2013 with the Adam Smith Society and the Centre Roland Mousnier (Sorbonne) on ‘Scotland, Europe and Empire in the Age of Adam Smith and Beyond’. This volume is published with the financial support of the Centre Roland Mousnier, Sorbonne University.
A GRB and Broad-lined Type Ic Supernova from a Single Central Engine
Authors: Barnes Jennifer , Duffell Paul C. , Liu Yuqian , Modjaz Maryam , Bianco Federica B. , Kasen Daniel , MacFadyen Andrew I. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Unusually high velocities (≳0.1c) and correspondingly high kinetic energies have been observed in a subset of Type Ic supernovae (so-called “broad-lined Ic” supernovae; SNe Ic-BL), prompting a search for a central engine model capable of generating such energetic explosions. A clue to the explosion mechanism may lie in the fact that all supernovae that accompany long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) belong to the SN Ic-BL class. Using a combination of two-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamics and radiation transport calculations, we demonstrate that the central engine responsible for long GRBs can also trigger an SN Ic-BL. We find that a reasonable GRB engine injected into a stripped Wolf–Rayet progenitor produces a relativistic jet with energy ∼1051 erg, as well as an SN whose synthetic light curves and spectra are fully consistent with observed SNe Ic-BL during the photospheric phase. As a result of the jet’s asymmetric energy injection, the SN spectra and light curves depend on viewing angle. The impact of viewing angle on the spectrum is particularly pronounced at early times, while the viewing-angle dependence for the light curves (∼10% variation in bolometric luminosity) persists throughout the photospheric phase.
Revisiting the Stellar Mass–Angular Momentum–Morphology Relation: Extension to Higher Bulge Fraction and the Effect of Bulge Type
Authors: Sweet Sarah M. , Fisher David , Glazebrook Karl , Obreschkow Danail , Lagos Claudia , Wang Liang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present the relation between stellar specific angular momentum j
*, stellar mass M
*, and bulge-to-total light ratio β for The H i Nearby Galaxy Survey, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey, and Romanowsky & Fall data sets, exploring the existence of a fundamental plane between these parameters, as first suggested by Obreschkow & Glazebrook. Our best-fit M
*–j
* relation yields a slope of α = 1.03 ± 0.11 with a trivariate fit including β. When ignoring the effect of β, the exponent α = 0.56 ± 0.06 is consistent with α = 2/3 that is predicted for dark matter halos. There is a linear β–j
*/M
* relation for β ≲ 0.4, exhibiting a general trend of increasing β with decreasing j
*/M
*. Galaxies with β ≳ 0.4 have higher j
* than predicted by the relation. Pseudobulge galaxies have preferentially lower β for a given j
*/M
* than galaxies that contain classical bulges. Pseudobulge galaxies follow a well-defined track in β–j
*/M
* space, consistent with Obreschkow & Glazebrook, while galaxies with classical bulges do not. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that while growth in either bulge type is linked to a decrease in j
*/M
*, the mechanisms that build pseudobulges seem to be less efficient at increasing bulge mass per decrease in specific angular momentum than those that build classical bulges.
Synthetic Observations of 21 cm H i Line Profiles from Inhomogeneous Turbulent Interstellar H i Gas with Magnetic Fields
Authors: Fukui Yasuo , Hayakawa Takahiro , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Torii Kazufumi , Okamoto Ryuji , Tachihara Kengo , Onishi Toshikazu , Hayashi Katsuhiro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We carried out synthetic observations of interstellar atomic hydrogen at 21 cm wavelength by utilizing the magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations of the inhomogeneous turbulent interstellar medium. The cold neutral medium (CNM) shows a significantly clumpy distribution with a small volume filling factor of 3.5%, whereas the warm neutral medium (WNM) has a distinctly different and smooth distribution with a large filling factor of 96.5%. In projection on the sky, the CNM exhibits a highly filamentary distribution with a subparsec width, whereas the WNM shows a smooth, extended distribution. In the H i optical depth, the CNM is dominant and the contribution of the WNM is negligibly small. The CNM has an area covering factor of 30% in projection, while the WNM has a covering factor of 70%. This means that the emission–absorption measurements toward radio continuum compact sources tend to sample the WNM with a probability of 70%, yielding a smaller H i optical depth and a smaller H i column density than those of the bulk H i gas. The emission–absorption measurements, which are significantly affected by the small-scale large fluctuations of the CNM properties, are not suitable for characterizing the bulk H i gas. Larger-beam emission measurements that are able to fully sample the H i gas will provide a better tool for that purpose, if a reliable proxy for hydrogen column density, possibly dust optical depth and gamma rays, is available. The present results provide a step toward precise measurements of the interstellar hydrogen with ∼10% accuracy. This will be crucial in interstellar physics, including identification of the proton–proton interaction in gamma-ray supernova remnants.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Coronal Loops Using Seismology of Damped Kink Oscillations and Forward Modeling of EUV Intensity Profiles
Authors: Pascoe D. J. , Anfinogentov S. A. , Goddard C. R. , Nakariakov V. M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The shape of the damping profile of kink oscillations in coronal loops has recently allowed the transverse density profile of the loop to be estimated. This requires accurate measurement of the damping profile that can distinguish the Gaussian and exponential damping regimes, otherwise there are more unknowns than observables. Forward modeling of the transverse intensity profile may also be used to estimate the width of the inhomogeneous layer of a loop, providing an independent estimate of one of these unknowns. We analyze an oscillating loop for which the seismological determination of the transverse structure is inconclusive except when supplemented by additional spatial information from the transverse intensity profile. Our temporal analysis describes the motion of a coronal loop as a kink oscillation damped by resonant absorption, and our spatial analysis is based on forward modeling the transverse EUV intensity profile of the loop under the isothermal and optically thin approximations. We use Bayesian analysis and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to apply our spatial and temporal models both individually and simultaneously to our data and compare the results with numerical simulations. Combining the two methods allows both the inhomogeneous layer width and density contrast to be calculated, which is not possible for the same data when each method is applied individually. We demonstrate that the assumption of an exponential damping profile leads to a significantly larger error in the inferred density contrast ratio compared with a Gaussian damping profile.
Rituel et mythe chez Warburg, Cassirer et Lévi-Strauss
Authors: Vliet Muriel van 
Published: June 2018

Faut-il concevoir le rituel de manière mécanique et répétitive ou bien l’interpréter comme une première forme d’organisation du rapport de l’homme au monde ? La réponse engage une conception du corps et du symbole mais aussi des méthodes de l’anthropologie qui peut mettre au cœur de ses analyses soit le mythe, toujours de l’ordre du discours, soit le rite, de l’ordre de l’affectivité. Poursuivant l’interprétation inaugurée par J. M. Krois, l’article montre comment et pourquoi Warburg et Cassirer d’un côté, Lévi-Strauss (et Panofsky) de l’autre se distinguent radicalement sur cette question.
Qu’appelle-t-on un médium ?
Authors: Krajewski Pascal 
Published: June 2018

Dans cet article, nous essayerons de faire un tour d’horizon des différents territoires recouverts par la notion floue de « médium » ou de « média ». Il nous semble que trois usages ont fait leurs ce terme, en le colorant chaque fois d’une compréhension particulière : le grand public, baigné dans une sphère médiatique, pour qui les médias signifient la transmission de contenus culturels ; les scientifiques médiologues, McLuhan et Debray en tête, qui conçoivent toute prothèse technico-technologique comme un médium dont les effets façonnent notre sensible ; la sphère de l’art, enfin, qui s’est emparée du terme médium pour analyser l’art moderne en son autonomie et sa quête de pureté.
La dérivation philosophique de l’homme et les enjeux de l’écologie humaine
Authors: Barthélémy Jean-Hugues 
Published: June 2018

Une nouvelle et étrange alliance, objective plutôt que concertée, est en train de naître chez les nouvelles générations : celle entre le vieil obscurantisme et un récent relativisme tendanciel, qui participent tous deux à ce que la théorie de l’évolution des espèces ne soit plus reçue comme un savoir, mais comme une opinion que l’on pourrait combattre au nom du « débat démocratique d’opinion ». Après une brève analyse documentée de cet état de fait, on se penchera sur la persistance de la « coupure anthropologique » dans la tradition philosophique occidentale, avant d’esquisser une dérivation philosophique de l’homme à partir de l’animal. Cette dérivation proprement philosophique se distinguera de toute dérivation scientifique et se proposera comme son complémentaire, justement appelé par les résistances tant obscurantistes que relativistes auxquelles se heurte la théorie de l’évolution des espèces. Pourront alors être indiqués quelques-uns des enjeux de la doctrine nouvelle ici baptisée « écologie humaine », en attendant que l’ouvrage La Société de l’invention. Essai d’écologie humaine en développe les principes.
À propos de l’hospitalité : institution et inconditionnalité
Authors: Payot Daniel 
Published: June 2018

Comment la littérature européenne traite-t-elle la question de l’hospitalité ? Confrontée aujourd’hui à ses frontières et, sur ses côtes, à la demande d’accueil de nombreux réfugiés et « migrants », l’Europe peut-elle espérer trouver dans sa littérature de quoi se ressaisir et retrouver la voie d’une authentique disponibilité à leur égard, au-delà de l’alternative piégée de l’exclusion violente et de la compassion impuissante ?La leçon d’Homère racontant la bonne fortune d’Ulysse accueilli par les Phéacéens semble totalement oubliée, dans Le Château de Kafka, par les habitants du village qui menacent K. dès son arrivée, avec des mots que malheureusement nous ne sommes plus surpris d’entendre aujourd’hui braillés par des Européens : « l’hospitalité n’est pas d’usage chez nous, nous n’avons pas besoin d’hôtes » !Contrairement aux idéologies et aux simplifications dogmatiques, la littérature arpente l’espace inévitablement tendu et aporétique qui s’étend, à propos de l’hospitalité, entre une loi inconditionnelle d’accueil et des lois circonstancielles relatives aux temps et aux lieux.
Hambourg – les dispositifs de sécurité
Authors: Brossat Alain 
Published: June 2018

Il s'agit, en rappelant la façon dont, dans le cours intitulé "Sécurité, territoire, population", Foucault se déplace du motif des disciplines vers celui des dispositifs de sécurité, de tenter de montrer comment ceux-ci sont aujourd'hui installés au coeur du gouvernement des vivants. Deux exemples contemporains viennent à l'appui de l'analyse: la prise en charge de la pandémie du sida et la réduction du caractère de fléau du phénomène "Front national".
Kostas Axelos - L’exil, l’errance, le passage
Authors: Lauxerois Jean 
Published: June 2018

La vie et l’œuvre de Kostas Axelos peuvent être réunies et saisies selon les figures et les métamorphoses d’un voyage, voyage ininterrompu dont il n’a cessé de déplacer et d’approfondir la signification – de l’exil à l’errance, de l’errance au passage. Comme le poète, qui peut toujours « répondre qu’il est du pays d’à côté » (René Char), Kostas Axelos nous montre, au cœur de notre époque devenue furieusement identitaire, combien la pensée est nécessairement l’aventure d’une expatriation, si elle veut pouvoir, d’un même geste, éclairer le présent et ouvrir le chemin de l’avenir.
Le Rousseau de Cassirer
Authors: Simonetta Laetitia 
Published: June 2018

La lecture que Ernst Cassirer fait de Jean-Jacques Rousseau au début des années 1930 est intéressante, car elle met en exergue différents mécanismes interprétatifs, plus ou moins reconnus par l’auteur. D’un côté, Cassirer entend retrouver l’œuvre de Rousseau, par-delà les interprétations divergentes de son temps : il revendique une lecture neutre. De l’autre, sa pensée, de fait, est déterminée par sa formation philosophique personnelle, assimilée au néokantisme de l’école de Marbourg, et surtout par le contexte politique de son temps.