bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing a National Collaborative Program To Prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in a Veterans Health Administration Nursing Home Cohort
Authors: Krein Sarah L. , Greene M. Todd , King Beth , Welsh Deborah , Fowler Karen E. , Trautner Barbara W. , Ratz David , Saint Sanjay , Roselle Gary , Clifton Marla , Kralovic Stephen M. , Martin Tina , Mody Lona 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVECollaborative programs have helped reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rates in community-based nursing homes. We assessed whether collaborative participation produced similar benefits among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) nursing homes, which are part of an integrated system.SETTINGThis study included 63 VHA nursing homes enrolled in the “AHRQ Safety Program for Long-Term Care,” which focused on practices to reduce CAUTI.METHODSChanges in CAUTI rates, catheter utilization, and urine culture orders were assessed from June 2015 through May 2016. Multilevel mixed-effects negative binomial regression was used to derive incidence rate ratios (IRRs) representing changes over the 12-month program period.RESULTSThere was no significant change in CAUTI among VHA sites, with a CAUTI rate of 2.26 per 1,000 catheter days at month 1 and a rate of 3.19 at month 12 (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–1.44). Results were similar for catheter utilization rates, which were 11.02% at month 1 and 11.30% at month 12 (IRR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.95–1.09). The numbers of urine cultures per 1,000 residents were 5.27 in month 1 and 5.31 in month 12 (IRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.82–1.05).CONCLUSIONSNo changes in CAUTI rates, catheter use, or urine culture orders were found during the program period. One potential reason was the relatively low baseline CAUTI rate, as compared with a cohort of community-based nursing homes. This low baseline rate is likely related to the VHA’s prior CAUTI prevention efforts. While broad-scale collaborative approaches may be effective in some settings, targeting higher-prevalence safety issues may be warranted at sites already engaged in extensive infection prevention efforts.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;820–825
Characterization of three heat shock protein 70 genes fromLiriomyza trifoliiand expression during thermal stress and insect development
Authors: Chang Y.-W. , Zhang X.-X. , Chen J.-Y. , Lu M.-X. , Gong W.-R. , Du Y.-Z. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs) participate in diverse physiological processes in insects, and HSP70 is one of the most highly conserved proteins in the HSP family. In this study, full-length cDNAs of three HSP70 genes (Lthsc70,Lthsp701, andLthsp702) were cloned and characterized fromLiriomyza trifolii, an important invasive pest of vegetable crops and horticultural crops worldwide. These three HSP70s exhibited signature sequences and motifs that are typical of the HSP70 family. The expression patterns of the threeLthsp70s during temperature stress and in different insect development stages were studied by real-time quantitative PCR.Lthsp701was strongly induced by high- and low-temperature stress, butLthsc70andLthsp702were not very sensitive to temperature changes. All threeLthsp70s were expressed during insect development stages, but the expression patterns were quite different. The expression ofLthsc70andLthsp702showed significant differences in expression during leafminer development;Lthsc70was most highly expressed in female adults, whereasLthsp702was abundantly expressed in larvae and prepupae.Lthsp701expression was not significantly different among leafminer stages. These results suggest that functional differentiation within theLtHSP70 subfamily has occurred in response to thermal stress and insect development.
The tectonometamorphic evolution of the Uppermost Unit south of the Dikti Mountains, Crete
Authors: MARTHA SILVIU O. , ZULAUF GERNOLD , DÖRR WOLFGANG , BINCK JANNES J. , NOWARA PATRICK M. , XYPOLIAS PARASKEVAS 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present a new geological map and new structural, petrographical and geochronological data from the Uppermost Unit of the Cretan nappe pile exposed south of the Dikti Mountains in eastern Crete (Greece). Based on these data, the Uppermost Unit in the study area can be subdivided (from bottom to top) into the Arvi Unit, Theodorii Greenschist and Asterousia Crystalline Complex (ACC)-type rocks. The ACC-type rocks have been affected by polyphase deformation (D1–D3) and metamorphism. Relics of the D1phase are preserved as internal foliation in garnet porphyroblasts. D2top-to-the SE shearing under upper amphibolite facies conditions led to the dominant foliation. After post-D2exhumation, parts of the ACC-type rocks were affected by contact metamorphism of a non-exposed pluton, which intruded at a depth below 10 km during Campanian time (74±2Ma; laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on zircon). This age, obtained from zircon of chiastolite hornfels, is in line with intrusion ages of ACC-type (meta)granitoids exposed on Crete and on Anafi. The S2-foliation of the ACC-type rocks was reactivated during the late phase of contact metamorphism by D3top-to-the SE shearing. Latest Cretaceous cross-mica with low silicon content post-dates this shearing event. During middle Paleocene time, the ACC was thrust on top of the Theodorii Greenschist. This thrusting event as well as subsequent brittle thrusting of the greenschists and the ACC-type rocks on top of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphic Arvi Unit was still accommodated by top-to-the SE kinematics, which is the dominant kinematics of the Uppermost Unit on Crete and on Anafi.
On the Persistent Shape and Coherence of Pulsating Auroral Patches
Authors: Humberset B. K. , Gjerloev J. W. , Mann I. R. , Michell R. G. , Samara M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe pulsating aurora covers a broad range of fluctuating shapes that are poorly characterized. The purpose of this paper is therefore to provide objective and quantitative measures of the extent to which pulsating auroral patches maintain their shape, drift and fluctuate in a coherent fashion. We present results from a careful analysis of pulsating auroral patches using all‐sky cameras. We have identified four well‐defined individual patches that we follow in the patch frame of reference. In this way we avoid the space‐time ambiguity which complicates rocket and satellite measurements. We find that the shape of the patches is remarkably persistent with 85–100% of the patch being repeated for 4.5–8.5 min. Each of the three largest patches has a temporal correlation with a negative dependence on distance, and thus does not fluctuate in a coherent fashion. A time‐delayed response within the patches indicates that the so‐called streaming mode might explain the incoherency. The patches appear to drift differently from the SuperDARN‐determined
convection velocity. However, in a nonrotating reference frame the patches drift with 230–287 m/s in a north eastward direction, which is what typically could be expected for the convection return flow.
Comparison of Cloudy‐Sky Downward Longwave Radiation Algorithms Using Synthetic Data, Ground‐Based Data, and Satellite Data
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Xin Xiaozhou , Liu Qinhuo , Zhang Hailong , Li Li 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCloud plays a crucial role in surface downward longwave radiation (DLR). To determine optimal algorithms for cloud‐sky DLR calculation under various climates, three types of algorithms were assessed, (i) four empirical algorithms determining cloudy DLR by simple cloud correction using the cloud fraction, (ii) three parameterized algorithms determining the cloud contribution by cloud temperature, and (iii) a semiempirical algorithm, Zhou‐Cess, parameterized by the cloud water path. A sensitivity study was conducted using a Moderate Resolution Transmittance (MODTRAN) code to first determine the sensitive cloud parameters of DLR. Then, these algorithms were validated using synthetic data simulated by MODTRAN, ground‐observed data, and satellite‐observed data. When all the input parameters were accurate, the cloud‐correction algorithms showed poor performance. Cloud‐temperature‐based algorithms showed much better results but exhibited positive systematic biases. The Zhou‐Cess algorithm performed best but could not precisely describe the effect caused by cloud variations. When these algorithms were applied to ground‐ and satellite‐based data, the accuracies of DLR calculations were affected by the uncertainty in the atmospheric and cloud parameters. The simple empirical algorithms showed the poorest results. The cloud‐temperature‐based algorithms were greatly influenced by the uncertainty in cloud base temperature and cloud fraction and showed acceptable results when cloud fractions were accurate. The Zhou‐Cess algorithm revealed the best results at most sites and was less impacted by cloud parameter uncertainties; therefore, this algorithm is suggested for cloudy‐sky DLR calculation with poor‐quality cloud parameters.
A New Hybrid Coupled Model of Atmosphere, Ocean Physics, and Ocean Biogeochemistry to Represent Biogeophysical Feedback Effects in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Zhang Rong‐Hua , Tian Feng , Wang Xiujun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMultiple processes are involved in modulating the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific, and these processes are neither well‐represented nor well‐understood in climate models. A new hybrid coupled model (HCM) of atmosphere, ocean physics, and ocean biogeochemistry (AOPB) is developed to represent the feedback from ocean biogeochemistry onto ocean physics via modulating the penetration of shortwave radiation in the upper ocean. An ocean biogeochemistry model is coupled with a simplified ocean‐atmosphere system consisting of an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) and a statistical atmospheric model for interannual anomalies of wind stress (τ). The HCM AOPB serves as a simple Earth system for the tropical Pacific to represent the coupling among the atmospheric and physical and biogeochemical ocean components. Model experiments are performed to illustrate this new model's ability to depict the mean ocean state and interannual variability associated with the ENSO. The relationships among anomaly fields are analyzed to illustrate the ocean biogeochemistry‐induced heating feedback and its modulating effects on the ENSO, which is characterized by a negative feedback. The underlying processes and mechanisms are analyzed and can be attributed to dominant modulation of the penetrative solar radiation through the base of the mixed layer (ML). It is demonstrated that the ocean biogeochemistry‐induced negative feedback is mainly driven by more solar radiation penetrating out of the ML during El Nino and less penetrating during La Nina. Further model applications to studies on these processes and biogeochemical‐physical interactions are discussed.
Solar Wind and Seasonal Influence on Ionospheric Currents From Swarm and CHAMP Measurements
Authors: Laundal K. M. , Finlay C. C. , Olsen N. , Reistad J. P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present a new climatological model of the ionospheric current system, determined from magnetic measurements taken by the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Swarm satellites. The model describes the horizontal currents in the ionosphere, below the satellites, and the field‐aligned (Birkeland) currents that connect the ionosphere with the magnetosphere. The model provides ionospheric current values at any location as continuous functions of solar wind speed, interplanetary magnetic field, dipole tilt angle, and the F10.7 index of solar flux. Geometric distortions due to variations in the Earth's main magnetic field are taken into account, thus allowing for precise comparisons between the two hemispheres. The model is the first of its kind to describe the full 3‐D electric currents and not only the field‐aligned or the equivalent horizontal current. We use this capability to demonstrate a key difference between seasons: During winter, the total horizontal current is almost entirely confined to the auroral oval, for all interplanetary magnetic field orientations, where it connects upward and downward Birkeland currents. During more sunlit conditions, the horizontal current extends beyond the auroral oval and is a sum of currents connecting Birkeland currents and currents that circulate in the ionosphere. The westward electrojet is the only large‐scale current structure that is persistent across seasons. Comparison with average convection maps suggests that it is comprised largely of Hall currents, which connect to Birkeland currents in the winter but not in summer.
Sustained Uplift at a Continental Rift Caldera
Authors: Lloyd Ryan , Biggs Juliet , Birhanu Yelebe , Wilks Matthew , Gottsmann Joachim , Kendall J.‐Michael , Ayele Atalay , Lewi Elias , Eysteinsson Hjálmar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCaldera systems are often restless and experience pulses of uplift and subsidence, with a weak, but significant link to eruption. Characterizing the spatial and temporal patterns of deformation episodes provides insight into the processes responsible for unrest and the architecture of magmatic and hydrothermal systems. Here we combine interferometric synthetic aperture radar images with data from Global Positioning System and a network of seismometers at a continental rift caldera Corbetti, Ethiopia. We document inflation that started mid‐2009 and is ongoing as of 2017, with associated seismicity. We investigate the temporal evolution of the deformation source using a Hastings‐Metropolis algorithm to estimate posterior probability density functions for source model parameters and use the Akaike information criterion to inform model selection. Testing rectangular dislocation and point sources, we find a point source at a depth of 6.6 km (95% confidence: 6.3 − 6.8 km) provides the statistically justified fit. The location of this source is coincident with a conductive anomaly derived from magnetotelluric measurements. We use a joint inversion of two geodetic data sets to produce a time series, which shows a volume input of 1.0 × 107 m3/year. This is the first observation of a prolonged period of magma reservoir growth in the Main Ethiopian Rift and has implications for hazard assessment and monitoring. Corbetti is < 20 km from two major population centers and has estimated return periods of ∼500 and ∼900 years for lava flows and Plinian eruptions, respectively. Our results highlight the need for long‐term geodetic monitoring and the application of statistically robust methods to characterize deformation sources.
Hepatic steatosis associated with decreased β-oxidation and mitochondrial function contributes to cell damage in obese mice after thermal injury
Authors: Diao Li , Auger Christopher , Konoeda Hisato , Sadri Ali-Reza , Amini-Nik Saeid , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeverely burned patients who are morbidly obese have poor clinical outcomes with aggravated metabolic consequences, a higher incidence of multiple organ dysfunction/failure, and significantly increased morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanisms of these adverse outcomes are essentially unknown. Since the liver is one of the central metabolic organs, we hypothesized that thermal injury in obese patients leads to substantially increased lipolysis, hepatic fat infiltration, resulting in profound hepatic cellular and organellar alterations, consequently causing liver damage and severely augmented metabolic dysfunction. We tested this hypothesis using an obese mouse model subjected to a 20% total body surface area burn injury. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) sham and burn groups (n = 6 per group) and fed for 16 weeks. 7 days after the thermal injury portal and cardiac blood were taken separately and liver tissue was collected for western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Gross examination of the liver showed apparent lipid infiltration in HFD fed and burned mice. We confirmed that augmented ER stress and inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling dysregulated calcium homeostasis, contributed to the decrease of ER–mitochondria contact, and reduced mitochondrial β-oxidation in HFD fed and burned mice, leading to profound hepatic fat infiltration and substantial liver damage, hence increased morbidity and mortality. We conclude that obesity contributes to hepatic fat infiltration by suppressing β-oxidation, inducing cell damage and subsequent organ dysfunction after injury.
Autophagy diminishes the early interferon-β response to influenza A virus resulting in differential expression of interferon-stimulated genes
Authors: Perot Brieuc P. , Boussier Jeremy , Yatim Nader , Rossman Jeremy S. , Ingersoll Molly A. , Albert Matthew L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInfluenza A virus (IAV) infection perturbs metabolic pathways such as autophagy, a stress-induced catabolic pathway that crosstalks with cellular inflammatory responses. However, the impact of autophagy perturbation on IAV gene expression or host cell responses remains disputed. Discrepant results may be a reflection of in vivo studies using cell-specific autophagy-related (Atg) gene-deficient mouse strains, which do not delineate modification of developmental programmes from more proximal effects on inflammatory response. In vitro experiments can be confounded by gene expression divergence in wild-type cultivated cell lines, as compared to those experiencing long-term absence of autophagy. With the goal to investigate cellular processes within cells that are competent or incompetent for autophagy, we generated a novel experimental cell line in which autophagy can be restored by ATG5 protein stabilization in an otherwise Atg5-deficient background. We confirmed that IAV induced autophagosome formation and p62 accumulation in infected cells and demonstrated that perturbation of autophagy did not impact viral infection or replication in ATG5-stablized cells. Notably, the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) by IAV was diminished when cells were autophagy competent. We further demonstrated that, in the absence of ATG5, IAV-induced interferon-β (IFN-β) expression was increased as compared to levels in autophagy-competent lines, a mechanism that was independent of IAV non-structural protein 1. In sum, we report that induction of autophagy by IAV infection reduces ISG expression in infected cells by limiting IFN-β expression, which may benefit viral replication and spread.
Natural compound Oblongifolin C confers gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by downregulating Src/MAPK/ERK pathways
Authors: Li Yang , Xi Zhichao , Chen Xiaoqiong , Cai Shuangfan , Liang Chen , Wang Zhen , Li Yingyi , Tan Hongsheng , Lao Yuanzhi , Xu Hongxi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGemcitabine (GEM)-induced drug resistance is the major reason for the failure of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer (PC). In this study, we found that Oblongifolin C (OC) efficiently inhibited PC cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Also, our mechanism study demonstrated that OC re-sensitized the GEM-resistant PC cells through the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation of Src, and then downregulating the MAPK pathway. Knockdown of Src plus OC resulted in a greater inhibitory effect in GEM-resistant PC cells. In contrast, Src overexpression reversed OC-mediated chemosensitization, thereby implicating Src in the action of OC. Moreover, our in vivo study showed that OC suppressed the tumor growth via the downregulation of Src, and enhanced the chemosensitivity of GEM-resistant PC to GEM. Overall, our results have revealed that OC is applicable as a promising agent for overcoming GEM-resistant PC, especially with aberrant Src expression.
Downregulation of the psychiatric susceptibility gene Cacna1c promotes mitochondrial resilience to oxidative stress in neuronal cells
Authors: Michels Susanne , Ganjam Goutham K. , Martins Helena , Schratt Gerhard M. , Wöhr Markus , Schwarting Rainer K. W. , Culmsee Carsten 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAffective disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder are among the most prevalent forms of mental illness and their etiologies involve complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Over the past ten years, several genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified CACNA1C as one of the strongest genetic risk factors for the development of affective disorders. However, its role in disease pathogenesis is still largely unknown. Vulnerability to affective disorders also involves diverse environmental risk factors such as perinatal insults, childhood maltreatment, and other adverse pathophysiological or psychosocial life events. At the cellular level, such environmental influences may activate oxidative stress pathways, thereby altering neuronal plasticity and function. Mitochondria are the key organelles of energy metabolism and, further, highly important for the adaptation to oxidative stress. Accordingly, multiple lines of evidence including post-mortem brain and neuro-imaging studies suggest that psychiatric disorders are accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effects of Cacna1c downregulation in combination with glutamate-induced oxidative stress on mitochondrial function, Ca2+ homeostasis, and cell viability in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. We found that the siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cacna1c preserved mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels after glutamate treatment. Further, Cacna1c silencing inhibited excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation and calcium influx, and protected the HT22 cells from oxidative cell death. Overall, our findings suggest that the GWAS-confirmed psychiatric risk gene CACNA1C plays a major role in oxidative stress pathways with particular impact on mitochondrial integrity and function.
Enantioselective reduction of sulfur-containing cyclic imines through biocatalysis
Authors: Zumbrägel Nadine , Merten Christian , Huber Stefan M. , Gröger Harald 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe 3-thiazolidine ring represents an important structural motif in life sciences molecules. However, up to now reduction of 3-thiazolines as an attractive approach failed by means of nearly all chemical reduction technologies for imines. Thus, the development of an efficient general and enantioselective synthetic technology giving access to a range of such heterocycles remained a challenge. Here we present a method enabling the reduction of 3-thiazolines with high conversion and high to excellent enantioselectivity (at least 96% and up to 99% enantiomeric excess). This technology is based on the use of imine reductases as catalysts, has a broad substrate range, and is also applied successfully to other sulfur-containing heterocyclic imines such as 2H-1,4-benzothiazines. Moreover the effiency of this biocatalytic technology platform is demonstrated in an initial process development leading to 99% conversion and 99% enantiomeric excess at a substrate loading of 18 g/L in the presence of designer cells.