Pengaruh Kebiasaan Buang Air Besar (BAB) terhadap Kejadian Demam Tifoid di RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung Periode Maret–Mei Tahun 2018
Authors: Risa Melvi Imelia , Ismawati Ismawati , Budiman Budiman , Sofia Hana , Garna Herry 
Published: July 2019

Demam tifoid adalah penyakit endemik yang banyak terjadi di negara berkembang yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella typhi. Faktor risiko demam tifoid di antaranya usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status sosial ekonomi, kebiasaan cuci tangan, serta kebiasaan buang air besar (BAB) di jamban. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bandung mencatat bahwa masyarakat Baleendah masih belum memiliki dukungan infrastruktur sanitasi yang baik seperti jamban serta kesadaran masyarakat yang rendah untuk melakukan pola hidup bersih yang berperan terhadap kejadian demam tifoid. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan cuci tangan dan buang air besar (BAB) dengan kejadian demam tifoid di RSUD Al-Ihsan periode Maret–Mei tahun 2018. Penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling, yaitu peneliti mengambil 50 sampel kasus dan kontrol yang dipilih sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi (anak usia ≥6 tahun terdiagnosis probable demam tifoid) dan tidak termasuk kriteria eksklusi (anak dengan komplikasi berat). Data yang diperoleh menggunakan uji chi-square. Berdasar atas hasil perhitungan risk estimate kebiasaan buang air besar (BAB) diperoleh OR 4,55 (OR>1) nilai p <0,001 (IK 95%: 1,69–12,79) serta nilai p cuci tangan 0,06 (IK 95%: 0,82–11,13) dengan risk estimate 2,82. Simpulan terdapat pengaruh kebiasaan buang air besar (BAB) terhadap kejadian demam tifoid. IMPACT OF DEFECATION HABITS ON THE INCIDENCE TYPHOID FEVER AT AL-IHSAN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANDUNG FROM MARCH–MAY 2018Typhoid fever is a common endemic disease in developing countries caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. Risk factors of typhoid fever include age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, hand washing habits, and bowel habits in the toilet. Bandung District Health Office noted that Baleendah people still do not have the support of good sanitation infrastructure such as latrines and low awareness of the community to perform a clean lifestyle that plays a role against the incidence of typhoid fever. The objective of the study was to know the relationship between handwashing and defecation habit with the occurrence of typhoid fever in Al-Ihsan Hospital period March–May 2018. This research was an observational analytic study using case control design and quantitative approach. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling, that is the researcher took 50 cases and control samples selected according to the inclusion criteria (age ≥6 years and probable typhoid fever) and exclusion criteria (severe complications). The data obtained using chi-square test. Based on the result of calculation of risk estimate of bowel habit obtained OR 4.55 (OR> 1) p value <0.001 (CI 95%: 1.69–12.79) and hand washing p value 0.06 (CI 95%: 0.82–11.13) with risk estimate 2.82. In conclusion there is an impact of defecation on with the incidence of typhoid fever.