bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exclusive Placement in Online Advertising
Authors: Sayedi Amin , Jerath Kinshuk , Baghaie Marjan 
Published: August 2018

A recent development in online advertising has been the ability of advertisers to have their ads displayed exclusively on (a part of) a web page. We study this phenomenon in the context of both sponsored search advertising and display advertising. Ads are sold through auctions, and when exclusivity is allowed, the seller accepts two bids from advertisers, where one bid is for the standard display format in which multiple advertisers are displayed, and the other bid is for being shown exclusively (therefore they are called two-dimensional, or 2D, auctions). We identify two opposing forces at play in an auction that provides the exclusive placement option—allowing more flexible expression of preferences through bidding for exclusivity increases competition among advertisers, leading to higher bids, which increases the seller’s revenue (between-advertiser competition effect), but it also gives advertisers the incentive to shade their bids for their nonpreferred outcomes, which decreases the seller’s revenue (within-advertiser competition effect). Depending on which effect is stronger, the revenue may increase or decrease. We find that the 2D generalized second price (GSP2D) auction, which is an extension of the widely used generalized second price (GSP) auction and on which currently used auctions for exclusive placement are based, may lead to higher or lower revenue under different parametric conditions. Paradoxically, the revenue from allowing exclusive placement decreases as bidders have higher valuations for exclusive placement. We verify several key implications from our analysis of GSP2D using data from Bing for over 100,000 auctions. As a possible solution (applicable to both sponsored search and display advertising), we show that using VCG2D, which is the adaptation of the Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) auction for the 2D setting, guarantees weakly higher revenue when exclusive display is allowed. This is because it induces truthful bidding, which alleviates the problem of bid shading due to the within-advertiser competition effect. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2018.1098 .
Korean converbs between coordination and subordination
Authors: Jendraschek Gerd , Shin Yongmin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOne peculiarity of Korean morphosyntax is the existence of a large set of converbal suffixes. A survey of previous descriptions reveals a lack of consensus in the analysis of these converbs. Too often they have been pressed into a Eurocentric dichotomy of subordination versus coordination, leading to confusion about their typological status. Trying to correct this approach by describing the language on its own terms is therefore the main objective of our paper. We compare the morphosyntactic behavior of four selected suffixes with respect to some relevant criteria for subordination versus coordination, such as the scope of illocutionary operators, shared TAM, subject coreference, constituent order, and the development of dependent verb forms into complex predicates or adpositions. This empirical research feeds back into the theoretical discussion, as it will be shown that the Korean converbs can indeed be described using conventional typological concepts if construed appropriately. Our second objective is therefore to review the criteria involved in describing clause-linkage and to see how relevant terminology can be used more consistently. The conclusion is that the four converb types turn out to be located on a continuum between coordination and subordination, thus constituting an instantiation of syntax-semantics isomorphism.
Reasons for triple-funding of the jet-engine-industry to meet 2020-2040 6TH-Gen-Challenge: Counter-Air Penetration, CAP
Authors: Gal-Or Benjamin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The forthcoming 2020-2040 6TH-Generation is characterized by a host of debated and confused CASLAP-strategies, doctrines, tactics, mission definitions, jetonautic-funding, systems-of-systems technologies vis-à-vis AOOF-based-prop-swarm-technologies and almost symmetric jetonautics at both sides, [Part-A references 5,10,11,17,20,24,26,32,36,48,49].
CASLAP offensive-defensive options for each country vary with jetonautics, location, time, scientific and technological education, economics, geopolitics and stealth/super-agility/armament/AI of its fighter aircraft, UCAVs, JES-UCAV, prop-drones or USV, LCS, ULV, each with a different control-communication and various propulsion systems ranging from $100/unit in prop-drone-swarms to $10+ million per jet engine unit with spares, parts, maintenance, etc. It therefore deems timely to introduce an initial degree of order and classification to prevent today future misunderstanding/errors in designs, funding and encounters – the central aim and scope of these editorials.
Damage Evolution and Failure Behavior of Sandstone under True Triaxial Compression
Authors: Lu Yinlong , Li Wenshuai , Wang Lianguo , Li Zhaolin , Meng Xingyu , Wang Bin , Zhang Kaiwen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the present study, a series of conventional triaxial tests (CTTs) and true triaxial tests (TTTs) were performed on sandstone through a self-developed true triaxial testing system, which was combined with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning technique to systematically study the damage and failure behavior of sandstone in different triaxial stress states. The results show that the damage evolution process of the specimen under the CTT and TTT conditions could be divided into four stages based on the AE monitoring observations: microcrack closure, stable growth of microcracks, unstable growth of microcracks, and post-peak phase. During the first three stages, the spatial-temporal distribution of the AE activity under the two loading conditions was nearly equal. However, in the post-peak stage, abrupt changes in the AE locations occurred more often under the CTT conditions than under the TTT conditions. The overall AE activity under the CTT conditions decreased with increasing confining pressure, whereas under the TTT conditions, it tended to strengthen first and then weaken with increasing intermediate principal stress. The post-test CT scanning observations show that the fracture morphology of the specimen under the TTT conditions was more regular and simpler than that under the CTT conditions. The fracture surface area of the specimen under the CTT conditions tended to decrease with increasing confining pressure, whereas that of the specimen under the TTT conditions tended to decrease first and then increase with increasing intermediate principal stress.
New Insights on the Vane Method to Evaluate Yield Stress of Cementitious Mortars
Authors: Assaad Joseph Jean 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe yield stress (τ0) of cementitious materials has a direct influence on concrete casting and postcasting processes, such as stability, formwork pressure, interfacial bond strength between successive lifts, and bond to embedded steel bars. This article provides new insights for reliable τ0 measurements using the four-bladed vane method; it compares the effect of vane configuration (i.e., slotted versus nonslotted) and positioning (i.e., immersed in specimen versus placed flush with upper material surface) on τ0 responses. Test results have shown that the elastic-to-plastic transition region in τ0 profiles occurs progressively with the nonslotted vane, whereas it becomes more abrupt with the slotted vane. The presence of slots is believed to reduce the end effects and strengthen the assumption of shearing that takes place within the suspension along uniform stresses distributed at the cylindrical vane surfaces. For the given configuration, positioning the vane flush with the upper mortar surface minimized the effect of normal stresses on torque measurements, which resulted in decreased τ0 values. Useful equations with good correlation coefficients are established between τ0 measurements with respect to mortar composition, flow, and vane positioning.
Generation of Defined Tribofilms and Their Stability under Slip-Rolling in a 2Disk Test Rig
Authors: Woydt Mathias , Burbank John-Theodore , Spaltmann Dirk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTribofilms formed by additives in lubricants represent a key mechanism for preventing wear but are difficult to investigate because of the complexity of the composition of lubricants, their small thickness, and their amorphous nature. The tribological profile of such tribofilms can be established based on a new test methodology described here. For a large range of additives, the corresponding chemically reactive tribofilms were generated in 2Disk test rigs on widely used reference steels, such as 100Cr6 (SAE52100), Cronidur 30 (AMS 5898), or 20MnCr5 Quenched & Tempered (Q&T) (SAE4820/SAE5120), during slip-rolling in the mixed/boundary lubrication regime at 120°C. The performance of the created tribofilms is compared to those created on alternative steels, such as 36NiCrMoV1-5-7, 45SiCrMo6, or even Diamond-Like Coating (DLC)-coated steels, using the same additives.
Transient Cooling of Metallic Piece during a Quenching Process: Effect of Bath Agitation
Authors: Ould El Moctar Ahmed , Bourouga Brahim , Guenerie Benjamin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
During the quenching process, metallurgical transformations and residual stress fields are controlled by the metallic piece cooling speed. It is a fact that the agitation of the bath matters, and this is why all the industrial processes use agitated baths in the quenching process. The first role of agitation is to remove the vacuum film from the vicinity of the metallic piece. This agitation should contribute to the enhancement of convective heat coefficient, but the effect of such an increase of the convection heat transfer depends on the size and properties of the metallic piece. It was shown that the cooling process is predominated by convection in the cases of massive, resistive, or massive and resistive metallic pieces (mean Biot number higher than 10). In contrast, in the cases of thin, very conductive, or thin and very conductive pieces, boiling is the main cooling phenomenon. This study will focus on the characterization of the fluid flow depending on the agitation system—a pump or a turbine. It has been observed that the flows are dramatically different in terms of velocity field and energy dissipated. The results of this study could help in the design of an agitation system, considering the metallic piece to be treated.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Damage on an Aluminum Surface by Single-Bubble Cavitation
Authors: Sagar Hemant J. , Hanke Stefanie , Underberg Martin , Feng Chaojie , el Moctar Ould , Kaiser Sebastian A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
For a better understanding and modeling of cavitation, investigations of isolated single-bubble events are useful. They allow for describing and quantifying the physics of the bubble collapse and its interaction with surrounding material. The generation of such single bubbles in a liquid using an electric spark or focused laser beam is well described in the literature, and sophisticated analyses of bubble dynamics near surfaces exist. However, only a few studies addressed the material damage induced by single-bubble collapse. This article presents experiments in water, generating single bubbles with 3-mm diameters at various defined distances to the polished surface of a commercially pure aluminum specimen. The collapse of each laser-induced bubble was captured by high-speed imaging. A detailed quantitative analysis of the surface damage was performed using 3-D profilometry. A single bubble created a shallow pit with a typical depth of 1 to 2 μm. The overall statistics of the damage parameters, such as pit depth and volume, are consistent with previous investigations. Outliers with unusually small or multiple pits can be explained by the high-speed images of the corresponding bubble collapse. The image sequences also help identify effects of the edge of the specimen surface. In addition, a complementary numerical investigation of single bubbles based on the Navier-Stokes equations was used to obtain flow characteristics near the surface, such as microjet impact and pressure. For the commercially pure aluminum used in this study, simulation and measured surface damage correlate well. The methods developed here provide a basis for studies on more complex engineering materials.
Efecto de la música sobre la respuesta cardiovascular en ejercicio de escolares entre 9 y 17 años
Authors: Gómez Becerra Gustavo , Ramírez Villada Jhon Freddy , Ortiz Rico Andrés Felipe 
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: analizar el efecto de la música sobre la respuesta cardiovascular en ejercicio de escolares entre 9 y 17 años. Métodos: 74 individuos entre 9 y 17 años fueron agrupados en tres grupos (G1=9-11; G2=12-14; G3=15-17); participaron en prueba de esfuerzo con uso de la música (tratamiento 1) y sin ella (tratamiento 2). Para controlar el efecto de la música, fueron aplicados protocolos morfológicos (peso corporal, porcentaje graso, talla, índice de masa corporal) y fisiológicos (presión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca). Se estimó el esfuerzo de cada sujeto al final de la prueba (VO2). Resultados: existen diferencias significativas (p≤0.05 y 0.01) entre los tratamientos (T1 vs. T2) en los grupos valorados (G1 vs. G2 vs. G3), y una tendencia reguladora, mas no significativa, en los indicadores de frecuencia cardiaca y presión arterial a favor del grupo T1. Conclusión: la música tiene un efecto positivo sobre el control del estrés y permite mejorar el rendimiento físico. Los resultados tienen implicaciones positivas para la evaluación diagnóstica y el diseño de programas de actividad física para escolares entre 9 y 17 años.
Effect of level combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in a calcareous soil from Sulaimani province
Authors: Mam-Rasul Ghafoor 
Published: August 2018

A field experiment was carried out in the Research Farm of the College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, during the winter season of 2014 to evaluate the effect of levels combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on growth and yield of faba bean( Vicia faba L.). The experiment was arranged in arandomized completeblock design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results indicate that the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had no significant effect on most studied growth characteristics of faba bean except for the plant height. The greatest plant height was observed from the application of 78 kg N ha-1and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1(T3) fertilizers. Chlorophyll content index (CCI) was not affected by the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application. The highest chlorophyll content index was found under the application of 98 kg N ha-1 and 250 kg P2O5 ha-1 (T4) to the soil. Statistical analysis revealed that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had no significant effect on the value of harvest index, the highest value of harvest index 43.93% was shown from the application of 98 kg N ha-1 and 250 kg P2O5 ha-1 (T4). Phosphorus application had no significant effect on phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). The lower phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) was observed at highest P rates application, the maximum PUE (86.40) was observed from the combination of 58 kg N ha-1 with 150 P2O2 kg ha-1 (T2), and it decreased at higher P rate application to (61.22).
Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en trabajadores administrativos del tránsito departamental del atlántico, 2017
Authors: Aparicio Reales Maria José , Hereira Pérez Kelly 
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: La presente investigación fue realizada en el Tránsito Departamental del Atlántico, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en los trabajadores del área administrativa durante el periodo febrero-abril de 2017. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal, enmarcado dentro del paradigma positivista. La muestra fue conformada por 42 empleados. Se aplicó el Maslach Burnout Inventory, con una consistencia interna de 0,7948, y un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y de percepción del estrés. El análisis consistió principalmente en determinar la prevalencia del síndrome y las asociaciones entre las variables de estudio y las subescalas del test. Resultados: La prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout fue del 17 %, 29% en alto riesgo, 31% de la muestra en mediano riesgo y 24% en riesgo bajo, asimismo una baja realización personal. Se encontró una relación estadística significativa entre la subescala cansancio emocional y las variables sexo, condición del puesto de trabajo, agotamiento físico y estrés; asimismo, entre la despersonalización y las variables sexo y carga laboral; y, entre la realización personal y el estrés. Conclusión: Se requiere tomar medidas urgentes para erradicar los 7 casos detectados y evitar que la población en alto y mediano riesgo llegue a presentar el síndrome.
Educação a Distância: Identificação dos Fatores que Contribuíram para a Evasão dos Alunos no Curso de Gestão Empresarial da Faculdade de Tecnologia de Mococa
Authors: Colpani Rogério 
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que contribuíram para a evasão de alunos no curso de Gestão Empresarial, modalidade a distância, ofertado pela Faculdade de Tecnologia de Mococa. Os resultados obtidos por meio de uma análise no Sistema de Gestão de Alunos apontaram alto índice de evasão, sendo de 56,48% o percentual dos alunos desistentes. Os resultados, advindos dos 26 alunos evadidos que formaram a amostra, apresentaram de modo geral a falta de incentivo e apoio de familiares, da instituição de ensino e da organização em que trabalhavam para a realização do curso. Como a maioria dos evadidos trabalhava, apresentou dificuldades em entregar as atividades propostas dentro dos prazos previstos. Além disso, é possível inferir que houve desejo de utilização de material impresso para nortear o processo de construção do conhecimento e a necessidade de aulas presenciais. Contudo, é possível verificar que os alunos evadidos reservavam um tempo médio diário entre 2 a 3 horas para se dedicar à realização das atividades do curso e havia condições (materiais, físicas e ambientais) de estudo. Palavras-chave: Educação a distância; Evasão; Gestão de alunos. Distance Education: Identification of Factors that Contributed to Student Withdrawal in the Business Management Course of the Faculdade de Tecnologia de Mococa.AbstratThe objective of the study is to identify the factors that contributed to student withdrawal in the Business Management Course, offered at a distance by the Faculdade de Tecnologia de Mococa. The data obtained through an analysis of the Student Management System showed a high dropout rate, where 56.48% of the students dropped out. Results from 26 dropout students that participated in the study, mostly showed a lack of encouragement and support by family members, by the educational institution and by their employer. Most of the students in the study group were employed and had difficulty in meeting the deadlines of the proposed activities. Also, it is possible to say there was a desire to use printed material to help with the process of building knowledge and to meet face-to-face. However, the study showed that the dropouts dedicated between 2 to 3 hours daily to work on course activities in normal study conditions (material, physical, and ambient). Keywords: Distance Education; Withdrawal; Drop out; Student management.
La literatura se acompasa a la nación. Rómulo Gallegos y su Venezuela moderna
Authors: Marinone Mónica 
Published: August 2018

Rómulo Gallegos was a chronicler of his place and time. The charm projected on his spirit by the stories of an optimistic modernity led his firm hand in the design of an image of a modern nation for Venezuela, inspired by the possibility of progressive knowledge, social and moral improvement, and the re-establishment of a policy associated to virtue and law. An acknowledgement of foundations was inherent to that charm, as well as the notion of model, so dear to the western tradition that demanded quality, insisted on values, and recommended or prescribed lifestyles, two axes of a project that could be achievable due to the best regulatory device, Education. In this article I examine how writing was for Gallegos a cultural practice essentially associated to these axes and to that device because of its mission character and its possibility to organize multiple or complex realities. This cultural practice was also the way to canalize its programmatic pulse through performative statements that showed the Venezuelan reality and made the public believe what that reality was like in the view of a group that even standing against-power, enjoyed part of the monopoly of the discursive production of that reality. From this position I focus on Pobre negro (1937) and I establish its connection to some XIXth century scholars through the élan pédagogique or bequest of the Illustration, in the deep conviction that “education could do everything”.
STABILITY OF ANTHOCYANIN DURING PROCESSING, STORAGE AND SIMULATED DIGESTION OF PURPLE SWEET POTATO PASTA
Authors: Mulyawanti Ira , Budijanto Slamet , Yasni Sedarnawati 
Published: August 2018

<p class="Default">Purple sweet potato is rich in anthocyanin giving a potential application in food product development. However, anthocyanin is relatively unstable and easily degraded during processing and storage. Understanding the stability and bio-accessibility of anthocyanin during processing, storage and simulated digestion is very important. The study aimed to investigate changes in anthocyanin degradation during processing, storage and simulated digestion of purple sweet potato pasta. The pasta was prepared through several processing steps, i.e. steaming the tuber, steaming the dough formula, extrusion, drying and boiling. Anthocyanin was analyzed at every stages of processing and storage of the pasta. The durability of the pasta during storage was analysed using an accelerated shelf-life testing method at 30, 40 and 50ºC for 28 days. The study showed that anthocyanin content decreased during the whole stages of processing and storage, but slightly increased during steaming. The highest loss of the anthocyanin occurred in the boiling process. Based on resistance to stomach and intestinal conditions, the bio-accessibility of anthocyanin was better in the digestive system in the stomach than that in the intestines. The increased anthocyanin appeared again in the colon. This study provides useful information for designing an effective method to minimize an extensive loss of anthocyanin of purple sweet potato for food product development.</p>