bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of fluticasone exhalation delivery system in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: what is the evidence?
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Kovacs Alexander J. , Workman Alan D. , Bosso John V. , Adappa Nithin D. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundIntranasal steroids have become part of the mainstay in the long‐term management of chronic rhinosinusitis. A long‐standing problem remains in efficient and easy‐to‐use delivery of topical corticosteroids to the nasal mucosa. Currently available means of intranasal steroid delivery include sprays, which are generally limited to treating the anterior nasal cavity, and rinses, which are not FDA‐approved for this indication. The exhalation delivery system is a novel method of delivering fluticasone to the deeper areas within the nasal cavities, including the posterior nasal cavity and middle and superior meatuses.MethodsComprehensive literature review.ResultsRecent large scale studies have suggested its efficacy and safety in the use of patients with both chronic sinusitis with polyposis and without polyps. Specifically, studies have demonstrated decreased Sinonasal Outcome Test scores of 20 points following treatment, as well as improvement of polyp grade by 1 or more point in more than 60% of patients. Furthermore, among patients with nasal polyps, there was approximately 60‐70% decreased indication for surgery following EDS‐FLU use.ConclusionEDS‐FLU is an important adjunct therapy for sinonasal inflammatory disease.
Effects of adaptation to handling on the circadian rhythmicity of blood solutes in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Liu Xingchen , Zheng Xiang , Liu Yihan , Du Xiaoyan , Chen Zhenwen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Mongolian gerbil has been widely used in many research fields and has been reported to be a diurnal laboratory animal. The circadian rhythmicity of these gerbils was investigated in the present study by measuring two hormones that show daily oscillations, cortisol and ACTH, in serum using ELISA kits. The levels of the two hormones were highest at 8:00 am and their rhythmic changes were similar to those in humans. In addition, the influence of stress of handling and blood collection on the physiological parameters of the gerbils was examined. After adaptation to handling for 1 week, some serum parameters in the animals changed. Handling and blood collection did not impact significantly on the following parameters: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and albumin (ALB). However, blood glucose (GLU), total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) significantly increased while creatinine (CRE) and albumin/globulin (A/G) significantly decreased after adaptation. This work further confirms that the Mongolian gerbil is a diurnal animal and also indicates that a suitable adaptation procedure is necessary for getting reliable results when performing experiments using these animals.
Multi‐Functional Oxidase Activity of CYP102A1 (P450BM3) in the Oxidation of Quinolines and Tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Li Yushu , Wong Luet L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTetrahydroquinoline, quinoline, and dihydroquinolinone are common core motifs in drug molecules. Screening of a 48‐variant library of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP102A1 (P450BM3), followed by targeted mutagenesis based on mutation‐selectivity correlations from initial hits, has enabled the hydroxylation of substituted tetrahydroquinolines, quinolines, and 3,4‐dihydro‐2‐quinolinones at most positions around the two rings in good to high yields at synthetically relevant scales (1.5 g L−1 day−1). Other oxidase activities, such as C−C bond desaturation, aromatization, and C−C bond formation, were also observed. The enzyme variants, with mutations at the key active site residues S72, A82, F87, I263, E267, A328, and A330, provide direct and sustainable routes to oxy‐functionalized derivatives of these building block molecules for synthesis and drug discovery.
The Aminotriazole Antagonist Cmpd‐1 Stabilises a Distinct Inactive State of the Adenosine 2A Receptor
Authors: Landin Erik J. B. , Lovera Silvia , de Fabritiis Gianni , Kelm Sebastian , Mercier Joël , McMillan David , Sessions Richard B. , Taylor Richard J. , Sands Zara A. , Joedicke Lisa , Crump Matthew P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe widely expressed G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile signal transducer proteins that are attractive drug targets but structurally challenging to study. GPCRs undergo a number of conformational rearrangements when transitioning from the inactive to the active state but have so far been believed to adopt a fairly conserved inactive conformation. Using 19F NMR spectroscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulations we describe a novel inactive state of the adenosine 2A receptor which is stabilised by the aminotriazole antagonist Cmpd‐1. We demonstrate that the ligand stabilises a unique conformation of helix V and present data on the putative binding mode of the compound involving contacts to the transmembrane bundle as well as the extracellular loop 2.
Plasmonic Switching of the Reaction Pathway: Visible‐Light Irradiation Varies the Reactant Concentration at the Solid–Solution Interface of a Gold–Cobalt Catalyst
Authors: Peiris Erandi , Sarina Sarina , Waclawik Eric R. , Ayoko Godwin A. , Han Pengfei , Jia Jianfeng , Zhu Huai‐Yong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProduct selectivity of alkyne hydroamination over catalytic Au2Co alloy nanoparticles (NPs) can be made switchable by a light‐on/light‐off process, yielding imine (cross‐coupling product of aniline and alkyne) under visible‐light irradiation, but 1,4‐diphenylbutadiyne in the dark. The low‐flux light irradiation concentrates aniline on the catalyst, accelerating the catalytic cross‐coupling by several orders of magnitude even at a very low overall aniline concentrations (1.0×10−3 mol L−1). A tentative mechanism is that Au2Co NPs absorb light, generating an intense fringing electromagnetic field and hot electrons. The sharp field‐gradient (plasmonic optical force) can selectively enhance adsorption of light‐polarizable aniline molecules on the catalyst. The light irradiation thereby alters the aniline/alkyne ratio at the NPs surface, switching product selectivity. This represents a new paradigm to modify a catalysis process by light.
Molecular structure influence on bending behavior of polyester filaments examined using a modified cantilever bending test
Authors: Höhnemann Tim , Himmler Marcus , Schubert Dirk Wolfram 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAn experimental setup used to measure the bending stiffness of polymer filaments based on existing cantilever approaches is presented. Additionally, it is utilized to evaluate the influence of molar mass and long‐chain branching on filaments of poly(butylene terephthalate), modified with a multifunctional chain extender. Using shear rheological analysis process limits for extrusion of the modified material were revealed, indicated by a change of the curve shape of van Gurp–Palmen plots. For the processable modified materials, it was found that increasing molar mass and degree of long‐chain branching, caused by the modification, raise the bending stiffness of filaments. Also the Young's modulus was found to increase with the amount of chain extender used, while no difference could be generated by using different linear molar grades of the polymer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47952.
Utilizing benthic habitat maps to inform biodiversity monitoring in marine protected areas
Authors: Lacharité Myriam , Brown Craig J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The designation of marine protected areas (MPAs) requires the development of a monitoring design to assess the effectiveness of the closure in meeting its conservation objectives. Natural variability should be considered in the design, ideally determined using baseline information collected at the scale of the closure.
Monitoring benthos informs on general ecosystem state. Benthic habitat maps are widely used as surrogates of benthos in marine spatial planning, and could potentially be used to inform monitoring by minimizing confounding habitat effects.
Here, epibenthic diversity was assessed in the St. Anns Bank MPA in Atlantic Canada, the first assessment of benthic patterns at the scale of this closure. Epibenthic assemblages were determined using a photographic camera system along a single transect (~100–150 m in length) at 44 locations in 2013 and 2014 (with 10 or 11 images per location, providing a total of 438 images), prior to the designation of the MPA. Epibenthic patterns were correlated with a previously developed benthic habitat (benthoscape) map to determine the potential of using benthoscape classes as units for monitoring.
Hierarchical agglomerative clustering of epibenthic assemblages and similarity profile analysis revealed five clusters of assemblages in the MPA (P < 0.01), each of which were associated with specific indicator taxa. Some clusters of assemblages correlated well with distinct benthoscape classes representing either hard/coarse (gravel) or soft sediment (sand and mud), whereas clusters associated with mixed sediment segregated spatially. The within‐cluster variability in assemblages between locations was lower overall than within the management zones, but differed between clusters.
Similarities were detected with previous coarser‐scale assessments of epibenthic diversity in the St. Anns Bank MPA, but this study revealed a more complex benthic structure than previously thought. A monitoring design should thus consider this natural variability to reliably monitor change and aid in determining the effectiveness of the MPA.
Cat Kidney Glomeruli and Tubules Evaluated by Design‐Based Stereology
Authors: Sadeghinezhad Javad , Nyengaard Jens R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTRenal function is related to its structure and three‐dimensional structural parameters correlate better with the kidney function than two‐dimensional structural parameters. Stereology is the current gold‐standard technique for the morphometrical evaluation of kidney structures. This study describes morphometric features of the kidney of the cat using design‐based stereological techniques aimed to introduce the cat as a translational model in nephrology and provide basic findings for diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases in this species. Left kidneys of four cats were included in the present study. The kidney volume, volume fraction of cortex and medulla, glomerular volume, glomerular mean volume, glomerular number, and proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) length were estimated. The kidney volume was estimated to 11.4 ± 1.3 cm3. The volume fraction of cortex and medulla was 65.6 ± 2% and 34.2 ± 2%, respectively. The total number of glomeruli was estimated to be 186 ± 11 × 103 using the physical disector/fractionator method. The mean glomerular volume was estimated to be 1.54 ± 0.06 × 106 μm3 and the glomerular volume was covering 2.13 ± 0.34% of the whole kidney. The total length of PCT and DCT was estimated to be 2.26 ± 0.48 km and 505 ± 43 m, respectively. Our data might contribute to the knowledge of kidneys in mammals and provide a comparison with available data on human and other mammals. Anat Rec, 302:1846–1854, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Oxygen Microbubble Generator Enabled by Tunable Catalytic Microtubes
Authors: Naeem Sumayyah , Naeem Farah , Liu Jinrun , Quiñones Vladimir A. Bolaños , Zhang Jing , He Le , Huang Gaoshan , Solovev Alexander A. , Mei Yongfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRolled‐up catalytic Ti/Cr/Pt microtubes, consisting of inorganic nanomembranes integrated on‐chip, are used to generate oxygen microbubbles in solutions of hydrogen peroxide. Oxygen bubble parameters (frequency, radius and volumetric flow rate) are optimized at different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and common dish soap. Increasing the aspect ratio of the microtube (e.g., tube length/diameter) leads to the formation of smaller bubbles, but at higher frequencies. Longer tubes produce less total oxygen volume in comparison to shorter tubes. We attribute this observation to the specific dynamic behaviours of bubbles in tubes.
Spectrum–effect relationship study between HPLC fingerprints and antioxidant of honeysuckle extract
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Zhu Shu , Liu Qian , Zhang Yongqing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHoneysuckle (Lonicera japonica flos) is a well‐known agent of edible and medicinal value in China and its antioxidative activity makes a major contribution to its dual use. However, the compounds responsible for its antioxidative activity are still unknown. In this study, 10 batches of honeysuckle were collected from different origins in China. The fingerprints were established by HPLC technique to investigate the compounds and a 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay was carried out to evaluate their antioxidant activity. partial least squares regression analysis was applied to set up the regression equation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and average peak area of common peaks of fingerprints. The results showed that peaks 10 (isochlorogenic acid B), 12 (isochlorogenic acid C), 11 (isochlorogenic acid A) and 9 (cynaroside) in the fingerprints were closely related to the antioxidant activity of 50% methanol extracts of honeysuckle. This study successfully established the spectrum–effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and DPPH radical scavenging activity and provided a general model for exploring active components with a combination of chromatography and efficacy.
Racial differences in patterns of treatment among men diagnosed with de novo advanced prostate cancer: A SEER‐Medicare investigation
Authors: Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Cooney Kathleen A. , Bolton Adam , Schwartz Kendra , Schwartz Ann G. , Heath Elisabeth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeApproximately 5% of men were initially diagnosed with (also referred to as de novo) advanced stage prostate cancer and experience far poorer survival compared to men diagnosed with local or regionally advanced disease. Given the number of new therapies targeting metastatic and castrate‐resistant disease, we sought to describe recent treatment patterns by race for de novo AJCC stage IV prostate cancer.MethodsWe used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data linked to Medicare files to identify men aged 66 and older diagnosed in 2004‐2014 with advanced prostate cancer, and examined patterns of treatment among all patients and stratified by race/ethnicity.ResultsThere were 8828 eligible patients identified, and non‐Hispanic black (NHB) patients were more likely to go without treatment (P < 0.001) compared to non‐Hispanic white (NHW) patients, even after accounting for early mortality and TNM stage. The frequency of nearly all forms of treatment was lower among NHB with the exception of orchiectomy, which was significantly higher (10.1% vs 6.1%, P < 0.001), and the use of the progesterone Megace among Medicare Part D enrollees (24.6% vs 15.0%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsResults from this study of elderly Medicare patients presenting with advanced stage prostate cancer suggest that NHB men are less likely to pursue aggressive treatment options. With the reduction in screening for prostate cancer, presumably tied to USPSTF recommendations, and the increasing incidence of men diagnosed with de novo metastatic disease, understanding drivers of treatment‐related decisions are critical in reducing racial disparities in advanced prostate cancer outcomes.
Observations of Membrane Domain Reorganization in Mechanically Compressed Artificial Cells
Authors: Robinson Tom , Dittrich Petra S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are considered to be the gold standard for assembling artificial cells from the bottom up. In this study, we investigated the behavior of such biomimetic vesicles as they were subjected to mechanical compression. A microfluidic device is presented that comprises a trap to capture GUVs and a microstamp that is deflected downwards to mechanically compress the trapped vesicle. After characterization of the device, we show that single‐phase GUVs can be controllably compressed to a high degree of deformation (D=0.40) depending on the pressure applied to the microstamp. A permeation assay was implemented to show that vesicle bursting is prevented by water efflux. Next, we mechanically compressed GUVs with co‐existing liquid‐ordered and liquid‐disordered membrane phases. Upon compression, we observed that the normally stable lipid domains reorganized themselves across the surface and fused into larger domains. This phenomenon, observed here in a model membrane system, not only gives us insights into how the multicomponent membranes of artificial cells behave, but might also have interesting consequences for the role of lipid rafts in biological cells that are subjected to compressive forces in a natural environment.
Asymmetric Catalysis in Liquid Confinement: Probing the Performance of Novel Chiral Rhodium–Diene Complexes in Microemulsions and Conventional Solvents
Authors: Deimling Max , Kirchhof Manuel , Schwager Barbara , Qawasmi Yaseen , Savin Alex , Mühlhäuser Tina , Frey Wolfgang , Claasen Birgit , Baro Angelika , Sottmann Thomas , Laschat Sabine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe role of liquid confinement on the asymmetric Rh catalysis was studied using the 1,2‐addition of phenylboroxine (2) toN‐tosylimine1in the presence of [RhCl(C2H4)2]2and chiral diene ligands as benchmark reaction. To get access to Rh complexes of different polarity, enantiomerically pure C2‐symmetricp‐substituted 3,6‐diphenylbicyclo[3.3.0]octadienes4and diastereomerically enriched unsymmetric norbornadienes5and6carrying either the Evans or the SuperQuat auxiliary were synthesized. A microemulsion containing the equal amounts of H2O/KOH and toluene/reactants was formulated using the hydrophilic sugar surfactantn‐octyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside (C8G1) to mediate the miscibility between the nonpolar reactants and KOH, needed to activate the Rh–diene complex. Prominent features of this organized reaction medium are its temperature insensitivity as well as the presence of water and toluene‐rich compartments with a domain size of 55 Å confirmed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Although bicyclooctadiene ligands4 a,b,eperformed equally well under homogeneous and microemulsion conditions, ligands4 c,dgave a different chemoselectivity. For norbornadienes5,6, however, microemulsions markedly improved conversion and enantioselectivity as well as reaction rate, as was confirmed by kinetic studies using ligand5 b.
N‐Heterocyclic Olefin‐Ligated Palladium(II) Complexes as Pre‐Catalysts for Buchwald–Hartwig Aminations
Authors: Watson Ian C. , Schumann André , Yu Haoyang , Davy Emma C. , McDonald Robert , Ferguson Michael J. , Hering‐Junghans Christian , Rivard Eric 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNew N‐heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) are described with functionalization on the ligand heterocyclic backbone and terminal alkylidene positions. Various PdII–NHO complexes have been formed and their use as pre‐catalysts in Buchwald–Hartwig aminations was explored. The most active system for catalytic C−N bond formation between hindered arylamine and arylhalide substrates was accessed by combining a backbone methylated NHO with [Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2 in the presence of NaOtBu as a base. In these active systems evidence suggests that catalysis is mediated by colloidal palladium metal, highlighting a different coordination ability of NHOs in comparison with commonly used N‐heterocyclic carbene co‐ligands.
Intrinsic Photophysics of Light‐harvesting Charge‐tagged Chlorophyll a and b Pigments
Authors: Gruber Elisabeth , Kjær Christina , Nielsen Steen Brøndsted , Andersen Lars H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChlorophylls a and b (Chla/b) are responsible for light‐harvesting by photosynthetic proteins in plants. They display broad absorption in the visible region with multiple bands, due to the asymmetry of the macrocycle and strong vibronic coupling. Their photophysics relies on the microenvironment, with regard to transition energies as well as quenching of triplet states. Here, we firmly establish the splitting of the Q and Soret bands into x‐ and y‐ polarized bands for the isolated molecules in vacuo, and resolve vibronic features. Storage‐ring experiments reveal that dissociation of photoexcited charge‐tagged complexes occurs over several milliseconds, but with two different time constants. A fast decay is ascribed to dissociation after internal conversion and a slow decay to the population of a triplet state that acts as a bottleneck. Support for the latter is provided by pump‐probe experiments, where a second laser pulse probes the long‐lived triplet state.
Insights into the Functionalization of the Methylsalicyclic Moiety during the Biosynthesis of Chlorothricin by Comparative Kinetic Assays of the Activities of Two KAS III‐like Acyltransferases
Authors: Yi Xuan , Zhao Qunfei , Tian Zhenhua , Jia Xinying , Cao Weiguo , Liu Wen , He Qing‐Li 
Published: May 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionChlorothricin (CHL), an archetypal member of the family of spirotetronate antibiotics, possesses a tetronate‐containing pentacyclic aglycone that is conjugated with a modified methylsalicyclic acid (MSA) moiety through a disaccharide linkage. MSA is a polyketide product assembled by the iterative type I polyketide synthase ChlB1. Incorporation of this pharmaceutically important moiety into CHL relies on the activities of two distinct β‐Ketoacyl‐ACP synthase III (KAS III)‐like acyltransferases, ChlB3 and ChlB6, which function together to coordinate the transfer of MSA through ChlB2, a discrete acyl carrier protein (ACP). During the maturation of CHL, MSA needs to be further functionalized by C2‐O‐methylation and C5‐chlorination; however, timing of this functionalization process remains poorly understood. In this study, we report comparative kinetic assays of the activities of the two KAS III‐like acyltransferases ChlB3 and ChlB6 using substrates that vary in substitution extent and ACP carrier. ChlB3 prefers to transfer the immediately assembled 6‐methyl‐MSA moiety from ChlB1‐ACP to the discrete ACP ChlB2, from which this moiety is preferred to be transferred directly onto the molecule desmethylsalicyl‐CHL prior to C2‐O‐methylation and C5‐chlorination. Consequently, MSA functionalization appears to occur at the molecule level rather than at the covalently tethered protein level, i.e., ChlB1‐ACP or ChlB2. Both ChlB3 and ChlB6 are flexible in substrate tolerance, holding promise for CHL engineering‐based structural diversity by using variable MSA moiety.
Deuteron Solid‐State NMR Relaxation Measurements Reveal Two Distinct Conformational Exchange Processes in the Disordered N‐Terminal Domain of Amyloid‐β Fibrils
Authors: Vugmeyster Liliya , Au Dan Fai , Ostrovsky Dmitry , Fu Riqiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe employed deuterium solid‐state NMR techniques under static conditions to discern the details of the μs–ms timescale motions in the flexible N‐terminal subdomain of Aβ1–40 amyloid fibrils, which spans residues 1–16. In particular, we utilized a rotating frame (R1ρ) and the newly developed time domain quadrupolar Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (QCPMG) relaxation measurements at the selectively deuterated side chains of A2, H6, and G9. The two experiments are complementary in terms of probing somewhat different timescales of motions, governed by the tensor parameters and the sampling window of the magnetization decay curves. The results indicated two mobile “free” states of the N‐terminal domain undergoing global diffusive motions, with isotropic diffusion coefficients of 0.7−1 ⋅ 108 and 0.3−3 ⋅ 106ad2 s−1. The free states are also involved in the conformational exchange with a single bound state, in which the diffusive motions are quenched, likely due to transient interactions with the structured hydrophobic core. The conformational exchange rate constants are 2−3 ⋅ 105 s−1 and 2−3 ⋅ 104 s−1 for the fast and slow diffusion free states, respectively.