bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUPERIOR REGENERATION AND AGROBACTERIUM INFECTABILITY OF BROCCOLI AND CAULIFLOWER TISSUES AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF A PROCEDURE FOR THE GENERATION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS.
Authors: Wagoner Wendy J. , Kellogg Jill A. , Bestwick Richard K. , Stamp James A 
Published: February 2019

Broccoli and cauliflower are among the most regeneratively intractable genotypes found in the brassicaceae. To develop a method for transfer of the gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase (SAMase) into inbred broccoli and cauliflower germplasm, we investigated the morphogenic competence and Agrobacterium susceptibility of a wide range of tissues of varied source. Appropriately controlled expression of the SAMase gene should, theoretically, reduce the plant's capacity for ethylene biosynthesis and extend the post harvest shelf life of the flower head.
Through examination of the in vitro response of a wide range of tissues we identified procedures which support caulogenesis from 100% of explants, each producing more than 30 shoots which readily convert to plantlets. Studies with several wild type and disarmed Agrobacterium strains, and utilization of the binary vector system and appropriate marker and reporter genes, led to the identification of methods for high frequency T-DNA transfer to explant tissues and the flow frequency of transgenic plants containing SAMase gene.
VEGETATION MANIPULATION WITH SELECTIVE HERBICIDES IN VINEYARDS
Authors: Elmore C.E. , Donaldson D.R. , Roncoroni J.A. 
Published: February 2019

Cover crops are planted between vineyard rows to control erosion, maintain organic material and influence pest management. Planted cover crops are preferable to resident vegetation (weeds) because they can be selected for beneficial characteristic. Sethoxydim and fluazifop-butyl alone and in combination with 2,4-D were applied in December 1988 and 1989 to release Festuca megalura (Zorro fescue). Untreated plots were mowed to maintain vegetation. Frequency, percent cover and biomass of the vegetation was evaluated to determine species shift. The vegetation was composed mainly of: 1. Festuca megalura, Poa annua with other grasses in minor amounts; and 2. Stellaria media, Centaurea solstitialis, Erodium botrys and Erodium cicutarium
Following sethoxydim or fluazifop-butyl treatments, annual grasses other than Festuca megalura and Poa annua were reduced but Centaurea sp. increased over the length of the experiment. Treatments containing 2,4-D Centaurea and Erodium spp. declined in both frequency and percent cover. The desirable cover crop species (Festuca megalura) increased in all treated plots. No species shift was observed in the mowed treatments. Two applications of selective post-emergence herbicides maintained shift of species over the 5 years of the study.
TREATMENT OF ADVANCED ROOT ROT IN DRACAENA FIELD STOCK.
Authors: Riede S.A. , Nishijima W. , Iwata R.Y. 
Published: February 2019

Two fungicides and lime were evaluated for their effect on Dracaena fragrans Ker. cv. Massangeana plants which were severely affected by root rot. A completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates was utilized. These treatments were: control, lime at 3362 kg/ha, 4 applications of metalaxyl at 10.4 kg/ha, 6 applications of benomyl at 12.92 kg/ha and a metalaxyl/benomyl combination treatment. Field plots were 13 m2, and plants were spaced 0.5 m from center. Data was taken from 15 plants per plot at 0, 10 and 20 weeks.
There were significant differences in plant height and the quality of new growth between the treatments containing metalaxyl and those without metalaxyl. There was no significant difference between the metalaxyl and the metalaxyl/benomyl treatments.
RESPONSES OF GROUNDCOVERS TO RENOVATION BY MOWING
Authors: Hodel Donald R. , Pittenger Dennis R. 
Published: February 2019

The objectives of this study were to investigate the responses of several groundcovers to periodic mowing and determine which ones benefit from mowing in terms of aesthetic quality, density, height and thatch development.
Eight species were transplanted on 30 cm centers in September. Five species had become fully grown in 10 months and were mowed to either a 5 cm or 10 cm height. Four species received a second mowing at 10 cm 8 or 11 months later. The remaining three species became fully grown in 18 or 21 months and were mowed at 10 cm at that time. Visual quality scores were recorded monthly, as were average overall plant and thatch heights. Lantana, Osteospermum and Verbena expressed little or no long-term loss in visual quality, while their height and thatch growth were controlled well when mowed in the spring-summer period. Height and thatch growth were controlled well in Drosanthemum and Aptenia, but visual quality was unacceptable. Spring mowing appears to produce reductions in height and thatch with no significant loss in quality of Myoporum and Baccharis but with significant loss in quality of Rosemarinus.
Studies on Essential Oil and Antioxidants of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinallis L.) Growing in China
Authors: Wenzhong Wang 
Published: February 2019

The essential oil constituent of Rosemary harvested in different times and grown in different introduction regions were analyzed with GC method and compared in this study. The composition of the essential oil in different harvest times were almost similar, the content of main constituents fluctuated regularly. Compared with main production countries of Rosemary, the composition of the essential oil in different introduction regions of our country have characteristics of their own, with high content of &-Pirene in Beijing, rich in Comphor and relatively high in Bonneol and Bonaryl acetate in Nanjing and with equally abundant &-Pirene and 1, 8-cineole in Kunming.
Roemarol, Cornosal and Rosmadial are separated from Residues of disfitled shoot and leaves of Rosemary, and are identified with MS and'H-NMR.
EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATIONS OF CULTURE SOLUTION IN HYDROPONICS ON YIELD. QUALITY. AND STORABILITY OF HERBS
Authors: Abe Kazuhiro , Iwata Takashi 
Published: February 2019

Concentrations of culture solution in hydroponics were changed for the purpose of improving the quality of herbs. Culture solution containing Ca(NO3)2·4H20:45g. KNO3:36g. MgSO4·7H20:22. 5g. NH4H2PO4:6. 75g, and Fe-EDTA:6. 67g in \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(45{\ell}\) \end{document} water was defined as 1 unit solution.
Japanese honewort (Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk). soup celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce DC.). and parsley grown with 2 unit solution showed higher contents of ascorbic acid(ASA). phenols, free amino acid, and chlorophyll than those grown with 1 unit, but they showed lower yields and shorter shelf lives. Lowering the concentration of solution to 2/3 unit resulted in the increase of yield of peppermint, sage, basil, and perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton) and the decrease of ASA and chlorophyll contents. Shelf lives of berbs with 2/3 unit were longer than those with 1 unit. The smell of herbs tested in this experiment was not affected significantly in sensory test by the change of concentration of solution.
REQUIREMENTS AND COSTS OF ESTABLISHING AND OPERATING A GARDEN CENTER
Authors: Barton Susan S. , Haydu John J. , Hinson Roger , McNiel Robert , Phillips Travis , Powell Russell , Stegelin Forrest 
Published: February 2019

The objective of this project is to estimate establishment and operating costs for garden centers at two levels of sales and to specify the general set of financial, marketing and business principles that should be available to the owner/manager of a garden center.
After surveying 25 garden centers across the United States, two models were derived. A large garden center with annual sales of $1,000,000 is described. A smaller garden center with annual sales of $350,000 is described. Capital budgets, including investment and operations costs for each firm have been developed.
Each firm is evaluated based on standard business indicators. A merchandising program composed of layout, pricing, advertising, cost structure and diversification is outlined.
TRANSFORMATION OF CITRUS SUSPENSION CULTURES BY MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT
Authors: Dias Kalyani , Rogers Suzanne M.D. , Newton Ronald J. 
Published: February 2019

Citrus is one of the major horticultural cash crops in the Southern United States. Several attempts have been made to genetically improve present citrus cultivars using biotechnology. We report transformation of citrus (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck `Hamlin') suspension cultures using microprojectile bombardment.
A thin layer of seven day-old suspension cultures, grown in HH medium, were transferred to Whatman #1 filter paper at a cell density of 0.15 mg/ml fresh weight. The cells were bombarded with 1.112μM diameter, DNA-coated, tungsten particles using the Dupont PDS 1000 biolistic system. Plasmid PRT 99 GUS containing the marker genes β-Glucuronidase (GUS) and NPT II, with a 35S promoter, and NPT II terminators was used in transformation.
GUS activity was monitored on a time scale. Expression of GUS was observed after 48 hours of bombardment. Further studies are being done to enhance the transformation efficiency.
PRACTICAL MEANS OF ENHANCING TUBER CALCIUM CONTENT AND REDUCING INCIDENCES OF SOFT ROT AND INTERNAL BROWN SPOT BY APPLICATION OF SOLUBLE FORM OF CALCIUM DURING BULKING
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed A. , Palta Jiwan P. 
Published: February 2019

We have shown that tuber calcium can be enhanced by supplying soluble forms of calcium near the tuber stolon region during bulking. In the present study we applied calcium nitrate or N-HIB during bulking (hilling, 3 and 6 wks after hilling) by injecting these Ca sources into sprinkler irrigation line. Field plots were established with cv `Russet Burbank' in sandy loam soil containing about 1200 Kg Ca ha-1. All plots received equal amounts of nitrogen. Plots receiving only nitrogen (as NH4NO3) at the same time served as split N controls and the plots receiving complete nitrogen by the time of hilling (non-split N) served as the grower control.
In 1990 compared to non-split-N control a consistently higher tuber yield was obtained with split-N, N-HIB (113 Kg.Ca ha-1) calcium nitrate (113 Kg Ca ha-1). However, these differences were not significant. Tuber calcium contents were increased with N-HIB and calcium nitrate. After 5 months of storage the incidence of soft rot and of internal brown spot was significantly reduced. In 1991 N-HIB (113 Kg ha-1) gave significantly higher tuber yield than other treatments. Tuber calcium contents were increased with both calcium nitrate and N-HIB treatments. After four months of storage incidence of internal brown spot was reduced by calcium nitrate and N-HIB although calcium nitrate was most effective. These results demonstrate that it is possible to improve tuber calcium contents by application of 113-226 Kg Ca ha-1 during bulking even in a soil containing sufficient calcium for plant growth.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER - ASSISTED INSTRUCTION IN A HORTICULTURE PLANT IDENTIFICATION CLASS
Authors: Corbett Mona R. , Townsend Christine D. , Zajicek Jayne M. 
Published: February 2019

Plant identification is a prerequisite to many, if not all, horticulturally related classes. It typically has been taught through the use of live specimens, slides, and text books. Recently, computers have entered the picture as a possible tool to teach plant identification. Increased availability and sophistication of computer systems in the college setting have led to the increased use of computers in instruction.
The objective of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between a student's learning style and academic achievement following computer assisted instruction. Undergraduate students enrolled in a plant identification class were involved in the study. Students learned plant identification either by: 1) viewing live specimens, 2) utilizing a computer instruction database system, or 3) combining live specimens with computer instruction. The students' cognitive knowledge was evaluated with pre and post tests. Learning style and attitude toward computer assisted instruction were also obtained.
DECAY CONTROL IN TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS BY FUMIGATION WITH DECCODIONE SMOKE TABLETS FOR PROLONGING THE STORAGE LIFE
Authors: Ahmedullah M. 
Published: February 2019

Fruit of table grape cvs. Black Monukka, Flame Seedless, Thompson Seedless and Himrod were fumigated with 2, 4 and 6 Deccodione tablets for 30 minutes in a fumigation chamber. Fruit was brought to the cold rooms and stored at 32 F and high relative humidity for upto 10 weeks. Decay control index, freshness of stems and bleaching around the capstem were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of storage. Size of the smoke particles was determined using an electrical aerosol analyzer.
Fruit was kept in good condition by fumigation with 6 smoke tablets upto 10 weeks. Lower doses failed to control the decay. No bleaching around the capstems commonly associated with sulfur dioxide fumigation was noticed. Majority of the smoke particles were between 0.18 and 0.32 micrometers. Fumigation with Deccodione tablets could be a viable alternative to sulfur dioxide fumigation.
EASTER LILY GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE FROM POTTING MEDIA AMENDED WITH COMPOSTED MUNICIPAL SLUDGE
Authors: Wulster George J. , Jones J. Benton 
Published: February 2019

Easter Lilies (Lilium Longiflorium) were grown in potting media containing 50% peatmoss and 50% vermiculite V/V or amended with 25, 33, or 50% (V/V) composted municipal sludge.
Macro and micro nutrient levels were determined for the various media formulations using either a water or a Mehlich III extraction procedure. Foliar levels of micro and macro nutrients were determined at anthesis. Final plant height and number of buds per plant were measured for each treatment.
No media formulations were phytotoxic; however, several micro element levels increased with increasing composted sludge content in foliar samples. These increasing foliar levels of Cu, Fe, Zn correlated well with media levels when Mehlich III was the extraction method. A similar correlation was not found with water as the extractant.
A COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL FOR EVALUATING GREENHOUSE IRRIGATION SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Woerner Steven E. , Hopper Douglas A. 
Published: February 2019

A computer simulation model was developed to be used in evaluating irrigation scheduling techniques and assisting irrigation scheduling decisions under greenhouse conditions in Colorado. The model simulates variable greenhouse conditions and shows how each of four irrigation scheduling techniques responds to these conditions. Reports from the model detail numbers of irrigation events, sensitivities to parameters, and forecasts water usage. The model was also used to determine appropriate accumulation triggers for Colorado conditions.
Four techniques evaluated here include: time clock control; accumulated radiation; accumulated vapor pressure deficit; combination method (radiation and vapor pressure deficit). The model has shown the combination method to be the most sensitive to changes in environmental conditions, while the time clock method proved to be least sensitive (and most wasteful of water).
The model may evaluate additional irrigation scheduling techniques by including additional parameters in the model, and may readily be adapted to different climatic regions.
SEWAGE SLUDGE COMPOST AS A SOIL AMENDMENT FOR HORTICULTURAL CROPS
Authors: Mellano Valerie J. , Bevacqua Robert F. 
Published: February 2019

Municipal sewage sludge, previously amended with Eucalyptus tree trimmings and composted, was incorporated to a depth of 30 cm at rates of 0, 12.3 and 24.6 dry MT/ha for a field planting of onion, snapdragon, turf and spinach. In a similar subsequent planting, the sludge compost was incorpoated to a depth of 10 cm. Additional treatments address the residual effect of the material. The results indicated sludge compost incorporated to a depth of 30 cm had no effect on crop yields, but when incorporated to a depth of 10 cm there was a significant increase in yields for all test crops. No buildup of heavy metals, soluble salts or changes in soil pH that would depress crop growth were detected.
Two greenhouse experiments employed equivalent rates and the same four crops. Two materials, sludge compost and heat-dried sludge were compared. The former contained composted Eucalyptus tree trimmings. The latter did not. The results showed both materials were equally beneficial to crop growth and the presence of Eucalyptus trimmings did not decrease yields
016 NJUS STRAWBERRY BREEDING ADVANCED SELECTIONS FOR THE ANNUAL AND MATTED-ROW PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Authors: Fiola Joseph A. , Jelenkovic Gojko , Galletta Gene 
Published: February 2019

The major objective of the NJUS Strawberry Breeding Program is the development of early ripening cultivars with excellent fruit flavor and size for production under conventional matted-row, and high density annual production systems. In the 1993 replicated Step 3 trials (1991; 1992 planted), sixteen selections had higher yield than `Earliglow' (8127, 11312 kg/Ha), ranging from 8433 kg/Ha to 13334 kg/Ha. Thirty-one had higher weighted average fruit weight (WAFW) over the season than `Earliglow' (8.8 g; 8.4 g), ranging from 9.0 g to 12.3 g.
Selection for phenotype best suited for annual stem includes: low runnering, strong vigor, earliness, and large fruit size. In 1993 harvested Step III, four selections had comparable or higher yield (range: 12,866 to 27,128 kg/Ha) than `Chandler' (12,950 kg/Ha), as well as larger primary and WAFW (range: 13.5 to 16.4 g). All selections were significantly earlier than `Chandler'. In summary, the NJUS Strawberry Breeding Program has selections for the matted-row and annual production systems which are early, with excellent fruit flavor, size, and firmness for fresh market production.
020 UNICONAZOLE TREATMENT IN PROPAGATION AFFECTS ELONGATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS
Authors: Schoellhorn Richard Kent , Barrett James E. , Nell Terril A. 
Published: February 2019

Treatments were cultivar, uniconazole concentrations (0, 2, 4, or 8ppm), and time between dip and placement under mist (0, 10, or 60 minutes). Unrooted chrysanthemum cuttings of cultivars `Tara' and `Boaldi' were dipped in uniconazole solutions for 10 seconds. Data were taken 16 days after treatment. A quadratic relationship was found for the interaction between concentration and cultivar. `Tara': (y = 6.7277-1.532(x) + 0.119409(x2)) and `Boaldi': (y= 6.4676-0.884(x)+0.060020(x 2). Time had no significant interaction with either cultivar or uniconazole concentration.
In a second study, with uniconazole concentrations and storage time (10 minutes or 12 hours), main effects and the cultivar concentration interaction were significant.
166 NITROGEN UPTAKE BY ROSES IS ENHANCED BY INTERMITTENT N DEPRIVATION.
Authors: Cabrera Raul I. , Evans Richard Y. , Paul J. L. 
Published: February 2019

N deprivation is known to increase the rate of N uptake by graminaceous plants, but such response has not been reported for mature woody plants. A recirculating nutrient solution system was utilized to study the effect of intermittent N-deprivation on N uptake by mature `Royalty' rose plants. Plants received a nutrient solution lacking N for 4, 8 or 16 days, after which one containing N was supplied for 4 days. N-deprivation resulted in a 2-3 fold increase in N uptake rate compared to control plants supplied continuously with N (e.g., 143 vs 62 mg N plant-1 day-t). The magnitude of this deprivation-enhanced N uptake was not affected by either the duration of N-deprivation or the plant developmental stage.
A characteristic diurnal pattern of N uptake was observed in both N-starved and control plants. Uptake oscillated between minimum rates in the morning and maximum rates in the evening, the latter occurring 4-6 hr after the maximum transpiration rates.
The ability to increase the rate of N uptake in roses by depriving them of N for several days may be of practical importance for increasing N fertilizer use efficiency and decreasing N losses to leaching.
200 STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION IN THE DESERT OF KUWAIT
Authors: Abdal Mahdi S. , Suleiman Majda K. 
Published: February 2019

The climate of Kuwait can be characterized as hot (maximumin excess of 45°C), and dry during the summers (May to October), with high evaporation (16 mm/d). Night-time temperatures also remain relatively high during these summer months. Rainfall over the course of the year is very low, usually being limited to less than 100 mm, which falls primarily during the winter months. Likewise, while the country's sand and dust storms occur primarily during the summer months, there may be occasional flurries at almost any time during the year, causing major additional problems with unprotected production of sensitive food crops, like strawberries. Water is also one of the country's most limiting resources, with all ground-water being highly brackish.
Strawberry production, on a commercial basis is a relatively new development in Kuwait. Pre-war production (under protected and unprotected environments) had increased to over 125 tons, on approximately 5 ha of land, providing about 75% of the then existing demand. Strawberry growers set their plants in November and harvest fruit in May. If production could be maintained on a year round basis, at high quality levels, demand would presumably also be significantly higher. While yields had increased to about 25 tons per hectare, production problems include pests (including aphids), cultural practices and adapted cultivars. Current and planned work will be discussed.
221 MEASURING THE IMPACT OF A COMMUNITY GARDENING PROGRAM
Authors: Hlubik William T. , Hamm Michael W. 
Published: February 2019

A comprehensive model for measuring the impact of community gardening on the physical, nutritional, and sociological structures of at-risk, urban communities is desperately needed to ensure the long-term sustainability of such programs.
This presentation will focus on the stepwise formation and implementation of an evaluation tool which was developed to fill this urgent need. The intent of the research approach is to scientifically validate the connection between community gardening and community well-being. In partnership with noted horticultural researchers, urban gardeners, dietitians, and sociologists, we have developed a statistical survey which integrates scientifically proven evaluative methods with new measurement techniques.
Preliminary findings from the first year of survey administration will be shared in order to stimulate further discussion and refinement of this particular model, and to encourage the development and implementation of scientifically-based, evaluative tools for other urban gardening and community development programs.
222 LANDSCAPE PREFERENCES OF ETHNICALLY DIVERSE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Berge Barbara , Lohr Virginia I. 
Published: February 2019

Studies have shown that many people prefer landscapes with vegetation over those devoid of plants. Few studies have looked specifically at adolescents or people of different ethnic heritages. Understanding preferences of such groups could help in designing horticultural education programs for these populations. In this study, high school students were asked to rate their preferences for a series of plant-dominated and urban-dominated slides.
Students generally gave higher ratings to the plant scenes than the urban scenes, indicating that they preferred the plant scenes. Their preferences were similar to what would be predicted from studies with adults. Hispanic students rated urban scenes and formal plant scenes, such as a garden with sculptured shrubs, significantly higher than did Anglo students. Hispanics rated informal scenes, such as a deciduous forest with no ground cover, significantly lower than did Anglo students.