bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean warming has a greater effect than acidification on the early life history development and swimming performance of a large circumglobal pelagic fish
Authors: Watson Sue‐Ann , Allan Bridie J. M. , McQueen David E. , Nicol Simon , Parsons Darren M. , Pether Stephen M. J. , Pope Stephen , Setiawan Alvin N. , Smith Neville , Wilson Carly , Munday Philip L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOcean warming and acidification are serious threats to marine life; however, their individual and combined effects on large pelagic and predatory fishes are poorly understood. We determined the effects of projected future temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels on survival, growth, morphological development and swimming performance on the early life stages of a large circumglobal pelagic fish, the yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi. Eggs, larvae and juveniles were reared in cross‐factored treatments of temperature (21 and 25°C) and pCO2 (500 and 985 μatm) from fertilisation to 25 days post hatching (dph). Temperature had the greatest effect on survival, growth and development. Survivorship was lower, but growth and morphological development were faster at 25°C, with surviving fish larger and more developed at 1, 11 and 21 dph. Elevated pCO2 affected size at 1 dph, but not at 11 or 21 dph, and did not affect survival or morphological development. Elevated temperature and pCO2 had opposing effects on swimming performance at 21 dph. Critical swimming speed (Ucrit) was increased by elevated temperature but reduced by elevated pCO2. Additionally, elevated temperature increased the proportion of individuals that responded to a startle stimulus, reduced latency to respond and increased maximum escape speed, potentially due to the more advanced developmental stage of juveniles at 25°C. By contrast, elevated pCO2 reduced the distance moved and average speed in response to a startle stimulus. Our results show that higher temperature is likely to be the primary driver of global change impacts on kingfish early life history; however, elevated pCO2 could affect critical aspects of swimming performance in this pelagic species. Our findings will help parameterise and structure fisheries population dynamics models and improve projections of impacts to large pelagic fishes under climate change scenarios to better inform adaptation and mitigation responses.
Genotypic variation in transpiration of coppiced poplar during the third rotation of a short‐rotation bio‐energy culture
Authors: Navarro Alejandra , Portillo‐Estrada Miguel , Arriga Nicola , Vanbeveren Stefan P. P. , Ceulemans Reinhart 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe productivity of short‐rotation coppice (SRC) plantations with poplar (Populus spp.) strongly depends on soil water availability, which limits the future development of its cultivation, and makes the study of the transpirational water loss particularly timely under the ongoing climate change (more frequent drought and floods). This study assesses the transpiration at different scales (leaf, tree and stand) of four poplar genotypes belonging to different species and from a different genetic background grown under an SRC regime. Measurements were performed for an entire growing season during the third year of the third rotation in a commercial scale multigenotype SRC plantation in Flanders (Belgium). Measurements at leaf level were performed on specific days with a contrasted evaporative demand, temperature and incoming shortwave radiation and included stomatal conductance, stem and leaf water potential. Leaf transpiration and leaf hydraulic conductance were obtained from these measurements. To determine the transpiration at the tree level, single‐stem sap flow using the stem heat balance (SHB) method and daily stem diameter variations were measured during the entire growing season. Sap flow‐based canopy transpiration (Ec), seasonal dry biomass yield, and water use efficiency (WUE; g aboveground dry matter/kg water transpired) of the four poplar genotypes were also calculated. The genotypes had contrasting physiological responses to environmental drivers and to soil conditions. Sap flow was tightly linked to the phenological stage of the trees and to the environmental variables (photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit). The total Ec for the 2016 growing season was of 334, 350, 483 and 618 mm for the four poplar genotypes, Bakan, Koster, Oudenberg and Grimminge, respectively. The differences in physiological traits and in transpiration of the four genotypes resulted in different responses of WUE.
Urban agriculture, racial capitalism, and resistance in the settler‐colonial city
Authors: McClintock Nathan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent scholarship on urban agriculture (UA)—the production of food in cities—argues that UA can both undergird and resist capitalist accumulation, albeit often at different spatio‐temporal scales. Scholarship that explicitly examines how UA, capitalist development, and racial difference work through one another, however, is less extensive. In this review, I propose that the lens of racial capitalism can elucidate UA's contradictory motivations and outcomes. As an analytical framework, racial capitalism considers how distinct forms of colonization, settler colonialism, and White supremacy function relationally as part of a unified system of capitalist accumulation built on the exploitation of racialized human and spatial difference. By focusing on UA's contributions to racial Othering, the racialization of space, and dispossession, on the one hand, and on struggles of resistance and self‐determination, on the other, this review attempts to sheds new light on the dialectical, “both/and” nature of UA, while also addressing recent calls to consider how settler colonial logics persist in the contemporary North American city.
Evaluation of biofilm removal and adverse effects on acrylic resin by diluted concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and Ricinus communis solutions
Authors: Arruda Carolina N. F. , Salles Marcela M. , Badaró Maurício M. , Sorgini Danilo B. , Oliveira Viviane C. , Macedo Ana P. , Silva‐Lovato Cláudia H. , Paranhos Helena F. O. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo verify whether 0.1% and 0.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and 8% Ricinus communis (RC) were able to remove denture biofilm without causing deleterious effects to acrylic resin.BackgroundPrevious data show that denture cleansers are effective in reducing biofilm; however, they can change acrylic resin properties.MethodsIn a crossover trial, 47 denture wearers brushed and soaked their dentures (20 min/14 d): control, 0.85% saline; SH1, 0.1% NaOCl; SH2, 0.2% NaOCl and RC. Denture biofilm on the intaglio surface was stained, photographed and quantified (Image Tool®). Furthermore, 80 rectangular and 80 disc‐shaped specimens (Lucitone 550) were assigned into tested solutions (n = 20), simulating 5 years of daily short immersions (20 minutes). A colorimeter and the National Bureau of Standards units (NBS) determined colour data (ΔE). Surface roughness and flexural strength were measured using rugosimeter and universal testing machine, respectively. Data were compared by the Friedman test (α = .05) followed by Wilcoxon, corrected by Bonferroni (α = .005) (clinical) and Kruskal‐Wallis followed by the Dunn test (α = .05) (laboratorial).ResultsSH2 (MR=1.77) showed lower biofilm coverage; SH1 (MR = 2.37) and RC (MR = 2.74) presented intermediated values. RC (1.10 [0.96:1.75]) revealed higher colour alteration than SH1 (0.71 [0.62:0.80]) and SH2 (0.74 [0.58:0.85]); however, NBS classified all solutions as “trace” (0.0‐0.5). There was no statistical significance for surface roughness (P = .760) and flexural strength (P = .547).ConclusionsThe 0.2% NaOCl showed the best clinical performance and did not cause adverse effects on acrylic resin on laboratory analyses.
Mapping the spatial distribution of soil depth in a grassland ecosystem with the aid of ground penetrating radar andGIS(Northwestern Sichuan, China)
Authors: Zhang Xuelian , Dao Ligang , Zhang Chaosheng , Morrison Liam , Hong Bing , Zhang Hongxuan , Gan Youmin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObtaining accurate soil depth information is critical to improving how we assess the health and manage of soil resources that contribute to sustainable management of agricultural lands. While there are many techniques to assess soil characteristics, using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to determine soil depth has received little attention. This study aimed to determine the suitability ofGPRfor obtaining accurate soil depth information over a 10 km intervals grid system in a generally flat grasslands ecosystem in the Sichuan Province of China.Geographic information system (GIS)and geostatistical techniques were used to map the spatial distribution of soil depth across the field site. Images created fromGPRwere filtered usingDCremoval and automatic gain control, and log‐transformation was used to transform the raw data in order to conform a normal distribution. The soil depth data were spatially interpolated across the field site using the geostatistical techniques of (semi‐) variogram and ordinary kriging (OK), then ground‐truthed and validated via comparison with traditional methods and previously collected data. A total of 39 random data points (ruler‐measured andGPRdata) were selected to evaluate the accuracy of theGPR, and results showed that the difference were within 3 cm of the actual soil depth in 93% of all samples, and within 5 cm in all samples (R2 = 0.914). Results confirmed that thisGPRreflection technique has the potential to precisely and quickly measure soil depth over large areas and under variable topography, contributing to the body of technical information that can help inform soil management policy for sustainable agriculture. The spatial distribution map of soil depth produced with the aid ofOKdemonstrated the accuracy and non‐destructive features ofGPR, which is able to provide a more detailed map of soil depth than methods used in previous grassland soil depth studies.
Antimicrobial activities of high molecular weight water‐soluble chitosans against selected gram‐negative and gram‐positive foodborne pathogens
Authors: Rubio Nancy Katherine , Quintero Rita , Fuentes Jose , Brandao Jose , Janes Marlene , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: May 2018

SummaryAntimicrobial activities of high molecular weight water‐soluble chitosans (HMWWS) against selected Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive foodborne pathogens (initial inoculation of ca. 6.5 Log CFU mL−1) were evaluated. Chitosans with 789 kDa and/or 1017 kDa were dissolved in aspartic acid (AS) to obtain 1–4% w/v solutions. Among HMWWS, only 4% 789 kDa AS chitosan reduced E. coli counts by 2 Log CFU mL−1 from 7.33 at 0 h to 5.16 Log CFU mL−1 at 96 h, and they were not effective against S. Typhimurium. Depending on the concentrations, HMWWS completely inhibited V. cholerae, V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus as well as B. cereus and L. monocytogenes after 48 h or 96 h of incubation. Compared with the control (no HMWWS), 2% or 3% 1017 kDa AS chitosans showed about 3 Log CFU mL−1 lower (4.72–4.86 vs. 7.71) for S. aureus at 96 h of incubation.
Parental Embodied Mentalizing and its Relation to Mind‐Mindedness, Sensitivity, and Attachment Security
Authors: Shai Dana , Meins Elizabeth 
Published: May 2018

Relations between two forms of parental mentalizing—maternal mind‐mindedness (appropriate and nonattuned mind‐related comments) and parental embodied mentalizing (PEM)—and their role in predicting infant attachment security were investigated. Maternal PEM and mind‐mindedness were assessed at 8 months (N = 206), and infant attachment security was assessed at 15 months. PEM was positively correlated with appropriate mind‐related comments and was unrelated to nonattuned mind‐related comments. Multinomial regression analyses showed that higher PEM distinguished between secure versus insecure–avoidant infants and between insecure–resistant versus insecure–avoidant infants over and above the contributions of appropriate and nonattuned mind‐related comments. These results suggest that both verbal and nonverbal indices of parental mentalizing make independent contributions in predicting the security of the infant–mother attachment relationship.
Health perception and adherence with blood pressure control among rural Chinese adults with hypertension
Authors: Yang Lili , Winslow Betty , Taylor Elizabeth , Pothier Patricia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine associations among blood pressure, personal and illness characteristics, illness perception and medication and self‐management adherence among adults with hypertension in rural mainland China.BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of hypertension in China, the control rate is only 20%. Identifying factors associated with blood pressure control is critical.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsData were collected from 163 hypertensive adults in two rural villages in mainland China. Measures included a demographic questionnaire, the Chinese Illness‐Perception Questionnaire‐Revised, Medication Adherence Inventory and the Inventory of Adherence to Self‐management. Height, weight, and blood pressure were also measured using standard approaches. Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess the association between blood pressure and significant variables identified in bivariate analysis.FindingsThe mean systolic pressure observed in this sample was 147 mmHg and the diastolic mean was 81 mmHg. None of the variables analysed were associated with systolic blood pressure. Gender, age, and household annual income were associated with diastolic blood pressure, explaining 23% of the variance in the regression model. Illness coherence contributed an additional 2%.ConclusionThese findings suggest: (a) healthcare providers should focus on educating rural hypertensive adults about healthful diets and behaviours to manage hypertension, especially for those with high household income; (b) knowledge‐based health education alone is not adequate; (c) illness perception may not be directly associated with blood pressure; and (d) the Chinese Illness‐Perception Questionnaire‐Revised and the Inventory of Adherence to Self‐management require validation and potential revision for use with rural Chinese populations.
p62‐mediated autophagy affects nutrition‐dependent insulin receptor substrate 1 dynamics in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes
Authors: Igawa Hirobumi , Kikuchi Akihiro , Misu Hirofumi , Ishii Kiyo‐aki , Kaneko Shuichi , Takamura Toshinari 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionPrevious studies have shown that an organism's nutritional status changes the protein levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) in a tissue‐specific manner. Although the mechanisms underlying the regulation of IRS‐1 in the nutrient‐rich conditions associated with diabetes and insulin resistance have been well studied, those under nutrient‐poor conditions remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate how IRS‐1 protein levels change depending on the nutritional status of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes.Materials and Methods3T3‐L1 preadipocytes were treated with glucose‐, amino acid‐ and serum‐free medium for starvation. IRS‐1 protein levels were detected by western blot. Autophagy activity was observed by western blot and fluorescence microscopy. The effect of autophagy and p62, an adaptor for selective autophagy, on IRS‐1 protein levels under starvation conditions was examined by western blot and immunocytochemistry.ResultsWe showed that the levels of IRS‐1, but not those of insulin receptor and protein kinase B, decreased when starvation activated autophagy. The inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or autophagy‐related 7 (Atg7) ribonucleic acid interference counteracted the starvation‐induced decrease of IRS‐1. Additionally, Atg7 knockdown increased insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B under starvation conditions. Furthermore, p62 colocalized with IRS‐1 under starvation conditions, and p62 knockdown counteracted the starvation‐induced degradation of IRS‐1.ConclusionsAutophagy through p62 plays an important role in regulating IRS‐1 protein levels in response to nutritional deficiency. The present findings suggest that autophagy might function as energy depletion‐sensing machinery that finely tunes insulin signal transduction.
Elevated histone H3 acetylation is associated with genes involved in T lymphocyte activation and glutamate decarboxylase antibody production in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Hou Can , Wisler Jonathan , Singh Kanhaiya , Wu Chao , Xie Zhiguo , Lu Qianjin , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionGenetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, and histone acetylation is an epigenetic modification pattern that activates gene transcription. However, the genome‐wide histone H3 acetylation in new‐onset type 1 diabetes patients has not been well described. Accordingly, we aimed to unveil the genome‐wide promoter acetylation profile in CD4+ T lymphocytes from type 1 diabetes patients, especially for those who are glutamate decarboxylase antibody‐positive.Materials and MethodsA total of 12 patients with new‐onset type 1 diabetes who were glutamate decarboxylase antibody‐positive were enrolled, and 12 healthy individuals were recruited as controls. The global histone H3 acetylation level of CD4+ T lymphocytes from peripheral blood was detected by western blot, with chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to microarrays to characterize the promoter acetylation profile. Furthermore, we validated the results of particular genes from chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to microarrays by using chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and analyzed the transcription level by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsElevated global histone H3 acetylation level was observed in type 1 diabetes patients, with 607 differentially acetylated genes identified between type 1 diabetes patients and controls by chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to microarrays. The hyperacetylated genes were enriched in biological processes involved in immune cell activation and inflammatory response. Gene‐specific assessments showed that increased transcription of inducible T‐cell costimulator was in concordance with the elevated acetylation in its gene promoter, along with positive correlation with glutamate decarboxylase antibody titer in type 1 diabetes patients.ConclusionsThe present study generates a genome‐wide histone acetylation profile specific to CD4+ T lymphocytes in type 1 diabetes patients who are glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody‐positive, which is instrumental in improving our understanding of the epigenetic involvement in autoimmune diabetes.
Platform pricing and consumer foresight: The case of airports
Authors: Flores‐Fillol Ricardo , Iozzi Alberto , Valletti Tommaso 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe analyze the optimal behavior of a platform providing essential inputs to downstream firms selling a primary and a second complementary good. Final demand is affected by consumer foresight, that is, consumers may not anticipate the ex post surplus from the secondary good when purchasing the primary good. We first set up a reduced‐form platform model and evaluate the effects of consumer foresight on the platform's optimal decisions. Then, we specialize the analysis in the context of airports, which derive revenues from both aeronautical and, increasingly, commercial activities. An airport sets landing fees and, in addition, it chooses the retail market structure by selecting the number of retail concessions to be awarded. We find that, with perfectly myopic consumers, the airport chooses to attract more passengers via low landing fees, and also sets the minimum possible number of retailers in order to increase the concessions’ revenues. However, even a very small amount of anticipation of the consumer surplus from retail activities changes significantly the airport's choices: the optimal policy is dependent on the degree of differentiation in the retail market. When consumers instead have perfect foresight, the airport establishes a very competitive retail market. This attracts passengers and it is exploited by the airport by charging higher landing fees, which then constitute the largest share of its profits. Overall, the airport's profits are maximal when consumers have perfect foresight.
Towards a new classification of stable phase schizophrenia into major and simple neuro‐cognitive psychosis: Results of unsupervised machine learning analysis
Authors: Kanchanatawan Buranee , Sriswasdi Sira , Thika Supaksorn , Stoyanov Drozdstoy , Sirivichayakul Sunee , Carvalho André F. , Geffard Michel , Maes Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRationaleDeficit schizophrenia, as defined by the Schedule for Deficit Syndrome, may represent a distinct diagnostic class defined by neurocognitive impairments coupled with changes in IgA/IgM responses to tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs). Adequate classifications should be based on supervised and unsupervised learning rather than on consensus criteria.MethodsThis study used machine learning as means to provide a more accurate classification of patients with stable phase schizophrenia.ResultsWe found that using negative symptoms as discriminatory variables, schizophrenia patients may be divided into two distinct classes modelled by (A) impairments in IgA/IgM responses to noxious and generally more protective tryptophan catabolites, (B) impairments in episodic and semantic memory, paired associative learning and false memory creation, and (C) psychotic, excitation, hostility, mannerism, negative, and affective symptoms. The first cluster shows increased negative, psychotic, excitation, hostility, mannerism, depression and anxiety symptoms, and more neuroimmune and cognitive disorders and is therefore called “major neurocognitive psychosis” (MNP). The second cluster, called “simple neurocognitive psychosis” (SNP) is discriminated from normal controls by the same features although the impairments are less well developed than in MNP. The latter is additionally externally validated by lowered quality of life, body mass (reflecting a leptosome body type), and education (reflecting lower cognitive reserve).ConclusionsPrevious distinctions including “type 1” (positive)/“type 2” (negative) and DSM‐IV‐TR (eg, paranoid) schizophrenia could not be validated using machine learning techniques. Previous names of the illness, including schizophrenia, are not very adequate because they do not describe the features of the illness, namely, interrelated neuroimmune, cognitive, and clinical features. Stable‐phase schizophrenia consists of 2 relevant qualitatively distinct categories or nosological entities with SNP being a less well‐developed phenotype, while MNP is the full blown phenotype or core illness. Major neurocognitive psychosis and SNP should be added to the DSM‐5 and incorporated into the Research Domain Criteria project.