bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desirability Based Optimization of New Mesalazine Modified Release Formulations: Compression Coated Tablets and Mini Tablets in Capsules
Authors: Vlachou Marilena , Siamidi Angeliki , Dotsikas Yannis 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) is a drug substance with an antiinflammatory
activity, which is mainly used in the symptomatic treatment of diseases, such as
Ulcerative Colitis, the Crohn's disease and the idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Mesalazine
exerts its effect locally in the inflamed area of the intestine and not through systematic absorption,
therefore the investigation of its release characteristics from solid pharmaceutical formulations is of
great importance.

Objective:
The development of novel mesalazine modified release formulations with improved
properties, regarding drug release in the gastrointestinal tract, by utilisation of the Design of
Experiments (DoE) approach.

Methods:
D-optimal experimental design was applied. A Simplex Lattice mixture design was used
for the development of suitable capsules containing 4 mini tablets and a D-optimal mixture design
was used for compression-coated tablets, with the following characteristics: ≤10% release in 2 h, to
minimize its degradation in the upper gastrointestinal tract, 20-40% release in 5 h for mesalazine
administration in the small intestine, and quantitative release in 12 h for colonic delivery. The
dissolution experiments were conducted in gastrointestinal-like fluids and pectinases to simulate the
pectinolytic enzymes present in the colon.

Results:
The optimal compositions were reached via the desirability function, as a compromise to the
different responses. The optimal solutions for both formulations led to colon-specific delivery of the
active substance with minimal 5-ASA release in the upper gastrointestinal tract and appeared to
conform with the pre-determined characteristics. Hard gelatin capsules, when filled with mini-tablets
led to the aimed modified release profile, having sigmoidal characteristics and compression coated
tablets led to colonic delivery.

Conclusion:
Two novel mesalazine formulations were developed with the desirable colonic release,
by conducting a minimal number of experiments, as suggested by DoE experimental design.
Maternal and Neonatal Effect of Fentanyl as a Premedication before Induction of General Anesthesia in Cesarean Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Musavi Mir Hadi , Jodeiri Behzad , Mirnia Keyvan , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Nikniaz Zeinab 
Published: January 2019

Background:Although, some clinical trials investigated the maternal and neonatal effect of fentanyl as a premedication before induction of general anesthesia in cesarean section, to the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic review to summarize these results.Objectives:The present systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the maternal and neonatal effect of intravenous fentanyl as a premedication before induction of general anesthesia in cesarean section.Methods:The databases of Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane library were searched till July 2017 to identify randomized clinical trials which evaluated the effects of intravenous fentanyl as a premedication before induction of general anesthesia compared with placebo on neonate first and fifth minute Apgar score and maternal heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in cesarean section. Standard Mean difference (SMD) was calculated and I-square statistic test was used for heterogeneity analysis.Results:The present systematic review and meta-analysis consisted of three clinical trials including 180 women in labor. Considering the results of meta-analysis, there is no significant differences between fentanyl and placebo in the case of Apgar score at 1 minute; however, the Apgar score of 5 minutes was significantly lower in fentanyl group compared with placebo (SMD -0.68, 95%CI: - 0.98, -0.38, p<0.001). In the term of maternal hemodynamics, the heart rate (SMD -0.43, 95%CI: - 0.72, -0.13, p=0.004) and MAP (SMD -0.78, 95% CI: -1.09, -0.48, p<0.001) in fentanyl group were significantly lower compared with placebo group.Conclusion:The present meta-analysis showed that using intravenous fentanyl as a premedication before induction of general anesthesia had adverse effects on neonate Apgar score. However, it had positive effects on preventing adverse consequences of intubation on maternal hemodynamics.
Contemporary Formulations for Drug Delivery of Anticancer Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Ackova Darinka G. , Smilkov Katarina , Bosnakovski Darko 
Published: January 2019

Background: The immense development in the field of anticancer research has led to an increase in the research of bioactive compounds with anticancer potential. It has been known that many bioactive natural compounds have low solubility (and low bioavailability) as their main drawback when it comes to the formulation and drug delivery to specific sites.Objective:As many attempts have been made to overcome this issue, this review gives a summary of the current accomplishments regarding the development of new Drug Delivery Systems (DDSs) represented by nanoparticles (NPs) and exosomes.Methods:We analyzed the published data concerning selected compounds that present the most prominent plant secondary metabolites with anticancer potential, specifically flavone (quercetin), isoflavone (genistein and curcumin) and stilbene (resveratrol) groups that have been formulated as NPs and exosomes. In addition, we summarized the patent literature published from 2015-2018 that address these formulations.Results:Although the exact mechanism of action for the selected natural compounds still remains unclear, the anticancer effect is evident and the main research efforts are directed to finding the most suitable delivery systems. Recent patents in this field serve as evidence that these newly designed natural compound delivery systems could be powerful new anticancer agents in the very near future if the noted difficulties are overcome.Conclusion:The focus of recent research is not only to clarify the exact mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects, but also to answer the issue of suitable delivery systems that can transport sufficient doses of bioactive compounds to the desired target.
GMSA: A Data Sharing System for Multiple Sequence Alignment Across Multiple Users
Authors: Bai Na , Tang Shanjiang , Yu Ce , Fu Hao , Wang Chen , Chen Xi 
Published: January 2019

Background:In recent years, the rapid growth of biological datasets in Bioinformatics has made the computation of Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) become extremely slow. Using the GPU to accelerate MSA has shown to be an effective approach. Moreover, there is a trend that many bioinformatic researchers or institutes setup a shared server for remote users to submit MSA jobs via provided web-pages or tools.Objective:Given the fact that different MSA jobs submitted by users often process similar datasets, there can be an opportunity for users to share their computation results between each other, which can avoid the redundant computation and thereby reduce the overall computing time. Furthermore, in the heterogeneous CPU/GPU platform, many existing applications assign their computation on GPU devices only, which leads to a waste of the CPU resources. Co-run computation can increase the utilization of computing resources on both CPUs and GPUs by dispatching workloads onto them simultaneously.Methods:In this paper, we propose an efficient MSA system called GMSA for multi-users on shared heterogeneous CPU/GPU platforms. To accelerate the computation of jobs from multiple users, data sharing is considered in GMSA due to the fact that different MSA jobs often have a percentage of the same data and tasks. Additionally, we also propose a scheduling strategy based on the similarity in datasets or tasks between MSA jobs. Furthermore, co-run computation model is adopted to take full use of both CPUs and GPUs.Results:We use four protein datasets which were redesigned according to different similarity. We compare GMSA with ClustalW and CUDA-ClustalW in multiple users scenarios. Experiments results showed that GMSA can achieve a speedup of up to 32X.Conclusion:GMSA is a system designed for accelerating the computation of MSA jobs with shared input datasets on heterogeneous CPU/GPU platforms. In this system, a strategy was proposed and implemented to find the common datasets among jobs submitted by multiple users, and a scheduling algorithm is presented based on it. To utilize the overall resource of both CPU and GPU, GMSA employs the co-run computation model. Results showed that it can speed up the total computation of jobs efficiently.
What is success?
Authors: Itoi Kiyu 
Published: January 2019

Autoethnography allows us to “go beyond simply looking at the artifacts or just the surface and to focus much more on the personal, the hidden, and the less obvious” (Lapidus, Kaveh, & Hirano, 2013, p. 34), and it is becoming more important to illustrate a constructive relationship between diverse professional communities, as English as a global language acquire local identities and local professional communities develop socially situated pedagogical practices (Canagarajah, 2012). This paper explores identity negotiation of the author, a transnational EAL student and a teacher through an autoethnography. Using concept of “audibility”, “agency”, “nobody”, and “somebody” (Kettle, 2005) and communities of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998), this paper unpacks the complexity of identity negotiation of an EAL student, and how it affected her teaching. It also provides an opportunity to rethink the definition of success.
PENGGUNAAN PISAU SADAP Bi-Cut UNTUK MENUNJANG EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI PADA PERKEBUNAN KARET
Authors: Suhendry Irwan , Wijaya Andi , Sayurandi Sayurandi 
Published: January 2019

Lateks tanaman karet dipanen melalui proses penyadapan. Penyadapan dilakukan dengan cara mengiris kulit menggunakan pisau sadap dengan sistem tertentu. Produksi tanaman karet selain ditentukan oleh potensi genetik masing-masing klon juga sangat ditentukan oleh sistem eksploitasi. Dalam sistem eksploitasi, kualitas penyadapan berkaitan dengan luka kayu maupun konsumsi kulit yang memperpanjang umur ekonomis sehingga produksi karet dalam satu siklus dapat lebih tinggi. Konsumsi kulit yang terkendali mempengaruhi umur ekonomis karet menjadi lebih lama sehingga produksi karet satu siklus dapat lebih tinggi. Pada 10 tahun terakhir perusahaan perkebunan mengalami kesulitan mendapatkan penyadap terampil. Upaya mengatasi hal tersebut sangat diperlukan rancangan pisau sadap yang mampu mengendalikan konsumsi kulit dan luka kayu. Tim peneliti Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih sejak tahun 2016 telah berhasil merancang pisau sadap ergonomis yang diberi nama pisau sadap Bi-cut untuk penyadapan panel sadap bawah (BO). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pisau tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa kecepatan penggunaan prototipe pisau sadap Bi-cut lebih lambat dibandingkan penggunaan pisau sadap konvensional yaitu sebesar 4.69 detik per pohon. Konsumsi kulit menggunakan pisau sadap konvensional lebih tebal yaitu sebesar 2,73 mm dibandingkan dengan pisau sadap ergonomis yaitu sebesar 1,40 mm, namun tidak berbeda nyata terhadap produksi lateks. Keunggulan pisau sadap Bi-cut ini adalah dapat mencegah pelukaan kayu dan tebal irisan sadapan lebih tipis. Bi-cut mampu menyadap satu panel sadap BO selama 7,74 tahun/panel sadapan atau sekitar 30,96 tahun selama siklus produksi.
OPTIMASI PERLAKUAN EKSPLAN PADA KULTUR ORGAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN KARET (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS MUELL. ARG.) KLON PB 330
Authors: Admojo Lestari , Prasetyo Nur Eko 
Published: January 2019

Perkembangan sistem perbanyakan klonal melalui teknik kultur jaringan tanaman karet masih terus dikaji. Embrio fase torpedo berhasil diperoleh pada tahun 2012 menggunakan eksplan petiol klon PB 330, namun persentasenya sangat rendah akibat ketidakstabilan kalus friabel yang diperoleh, dan adanya hambatan fase diferensiasi selanjutnya. Hambatan tersebut berupa tingginya tingkat kontaminasi dan intensitas browning. Serangkaian penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan dalam upaya optimasi perolehan kalus friabel yang lebih baik. Penelitian tersebut meliputi teknik sterilisasi untuk meminimalkan tingkat kontaminasi, teknik eliminasi browning, pemilihan bagian dan fase eksplan dan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh dalam media kultur. Rangkaian penelitian tersebut dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi, Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) dan Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Getas, sepanjang Oktober 2013 hingga Oktober 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa optimasi perlakuan sumber eksplan berhasil dilakukan. Kontaminasi berhasil ditekan hingga 33% pada kultur petiol dengan perlakuan prasterilisasi perendaman eksplan dalam fungisida Dithane M-45 selama 24 jam, kemudian disterilisasi dengan NaClO 5,25% dan HgCl2 0,2%. Penurunan kontaminasi juga didukung dengan penempatan sumber eksplan di luar area pembibitan karet. Intensitas browning berhasil ditekan hingga 7,5% dengan merendam eksplan dalam larutan asam askorbat steril selama 30 menit sebelum tanam. Penurunan intensitas browning diperoleh dengan pemilihan fase eksplan yang tepat (pertengahan flush) dan minimal pelukaan pada eksplan. Penambahan auksin ganda NAA 0,1 ppm+2,4-D 1 ppm ke dalam media MS modifikasi dan menempatkan sumber eksplan di bawah kondisi ternaung berhasil meningkatkan persentase kalus friabel hingga 60%. Protokol tersebut perlu terus dioptimasi untuk mengetahui respon diferensiasi selanjutnya.
PENGATURAN DAN SISTEM PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PIDANA PROSTITUSI ONLINE MENURUT HUKUM POSITIF
Authors: Herman Herman 
Published: January 2019

Positive legal arrangements on service users have not been effective in ensnaring and tackling online prostitution, as it does not in any way govern the users of services in an online prostitution crime. The system of settlement of criminal acts of online prostitution services pursuant to Number 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions and Law Number 44 Year 2008 regarding Pornography does not specify the provisions on the users of online prostitution services specifically, so that these two laws can not entrap service users in the practice of online prostitution.Keywords: Online prostitution, service users Pengaturan hukum positif terhadap pengguna jasa belum berlaku efektif dalam menjerat dan menanggulangi prostitusi online, karena sama sekali tidak mengatur mengenai pengguna jasa dalam tindak pidana prostitusi online. Sistem penyelesaian tindak pidana pengguna jasa prostitusi online berdasarkan Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik dan Undang-undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi tidak menyebutkan ketentuan mengenai pengguna jasa prostitusi online secara khusus, sehingga kedua undang-undang inipun tidak dapat menjerat pengguna jasa dalam praktek prostitusi online.Kata kunci : Prostitusi Online, pengguna jasa
KOLOM KOSONG DALAM REZIM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElection of regional leader is confession form of democracy. empty Column Eksistensi in pilkada is at a time viewed as by people alternative choice form which concurrently enabling of carried out by pilkada with only 1 (candidate couple). MK Number 100/PUU-XIII/2015 becoming road street opener of empty column legality. Besides decision of MK, empty column is later;then mentioned in UU No. 10 Year 2016 so that by yuridis domicile empty column is validity. But that way, leaving over matter internal issue there is no tech reference manual him arranging in detail as for empty column as equivalent choice with single candidate couple. Keyword : Empty Column, Election of Regional Leader AbstrakPemilihan kepala daerah adalah wujud pengakuan atas kedaulatan rakyat. Eksistensi kolom kosong dalam pilkada serentak dipandang sebagai bentuk pilihan alternatif rakyat yang secara bersamaan dibolehkannya diselenggarakan pilkada dengan hanya 1 (satu) pasangan calon. Putuhan MK Nomor 100/PUU-XIII/2015 menjadi jalan pembuka legalitas kolom kosong. Selain putusan MK, kolom kosong kemudian disebutkan dalam UU No. 10 Tahun 2016 sehingga secara yuridis kedudukan kolom kosong adalah sah. Namun demikian, menyisakan masalah dalam hal belum adanya pedoman teknis yang mengatur secara rinci perihal kolom kosong sebagai pilihan yang setara dengan pasangan calon tunggal.Kata Kunci : Kolom Kosong, Pemilihan Kepala Daerah
HAKIKAT HUKUM DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERBANDINGAN HUKUM
Authors: Safriani Andi 
Published: January 2019

Law system known as a one of all, like institution,procedure and rule between one sub system have a relationship with another sub system. Law as a system have complexitas and multiperspective, like a country law for example adat recht (living law), islamic law, or common and civil law. We can look at a complexitas and multiperspective law like in Islamic law to difine that religion and law are one package. Islamic law in fact to became as a rule system which extra flexible to rule about a living aspect and there are not dichotomy between a political, religion, and social. So that Islamic is a law norm, society norm and country norm.Whereareas East law system like in eroupe to do it made a codification. Adat recht (living law) have a law identity to break up with society identity. Whereareas national law system in Indonesia we cant make a lie that a big part from our law in Indonesian to take from “heritage” a colonial. But, although have the different perspective between Islamic law, Living law or adat recht, Common and civil law or National law, at principle or law based on always to became a real right and how to make a good or sweet living in our society.Keywords: Law system, Islamic system, Living law, Common and Civil law, Positif law Abstrak Memahami sistem hukum sebagai suatu kesatuan yang utuh, meliputi institusi, procedure, aturan hukum, dimana antara unsure atau sub system yang satu memiliki hubungan dengan sub sistem yang lain. Hukum sebagai suatu system memiliki kompleksitas dan multiperspektif, baik hukum yang ada di negara kita sendiri seperti hukum adat, hukum islam dan hukum positif kita maupun hukum barat seperti common law dan civil law system. Kompleksitas dan multiperspektif ini dapat kita lihat misalnya dalam hukum Islam yang menganggap bahwa agama dan hukum adalah satu. Hukum Islam dalam kenyataannya menjadi sebuah system aturan yang luar biasa fleksibel mengatur segala aspek kehidupan dan tidak ada dikotomi antara wilayah politik, agama dan sosial sehingga islam merupakan norma hukum, norma bermasyarakat dan norma bernegara. Sementara Sistem hukum Barat khususnya di daratan Eropa dilakukan melalui pembentukan kodifikasi, berbeda dengan Hukum Adat yang identitas hukumnya tumbuh dengan identitas masyarakat yang membentuknya, sedangkan hukum positif atau hukum Nasional negara kita Indonesia tidak dapat dipungkiri masih mempergunakan sebagian besar hukum tertulis yang berasal dari “warisan” penjajah. Namun, apapun perbedaan hukum dalam perspektif hukum Islam, Hukum Barat, Hukum Adat maupun Hukum Positif kita, pada hakikatnya hukum selalu bermuara pada terwujudnya keadilan, keteraturan maupun ketertiban dalam masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Sistem hukum, Hukum Islam, Hukum Barat, Hukum Adat, Hukum Positif.
PERANAN PENASEHAT HUKUM DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KEADILAN
Authors: Jayadi Ahkam 
Published: January 2019

Law No. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power has affirmed that the judicial process is carried out based on principles, "justice" must be realized in every judge's decision because it is the mandate of God Almighty. One sub-system that plays a role in the handling of a crime starting from the investigation until the decision is made by the judge in court is an advocate (Law No. 18 of 2003 and Law No. 16 of 2011). Only unfortunately, the use of advocate services by the community that is involved with a legal problem has not been maximized. The causes include: lack of public understanding of advocate institutions, weak legal awareness of the community and the need for not a small amount of money in using the services of an advocate. For this reason, the implications of this study are that follow-up is needed to socialize the role of advocates and legal assistance in the community. Keywords: Advocates, courts, justice AbstrakUndang Undang No. 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman telah menegaskan bahwa proses peradilan di laksanakan berdasarkan prinsip, “keadilan” harus dapat diwujudkan di dalam setiap putusan hakim karena itu amanah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Salah satu sub sistem yang berperan di dalam penanganan sebuah tindak pidana mulai dari penyelidikan sampai dengan dijatuhkannya putusan oleh hakim di pengadilan adalah advokat (UU No. 18 tahun 2003 dan UU No. 16 Tahun 2011). Hanya sayangnya, pemanfaatan jasa advokat oleh masyarakat yang tersangkut dengan sebuah masalah hukum belum maksimal. Penyebabnya antara lain: kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang institusi advokat, kesadaran hukum masyarakat yang lemah dan dibutuhkannya biaya yang tidak sedikit dalam menggunakan jasa seorang advokat. Untuk itu implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah, dibutuhkan tindak lanjut untuk mensosialisasikan peran advokat dan bantuan hukum di tengah masyarakat.Kata Kunci : Advokat, pengadilan, keadilan
AWAL PERADABAN DI DAERAH MAMASA: KAJIAN BUDAYA AUSTRONESIA DI SITUS DAMBU DAN MATTI
Authors: Hasanuddin Hasanuddin 
Published: January 2019

Archaeological research in Mamasa District, West Sulawesi, aims to capture artefact data that can describe human civilization in the area. One problem that has never been answered, is when did civilization begin in the Mamasa area. In this study, a survey and excavation method was used on the sites mentioned by the local community as the initial settlement location in Mamasa such as the Dambu Site and the Matti Site. Interview method used to obtain information about the historical setting of these sites. The results of surveys and excavations carried out at the Dambu and Matti sites found stone flake artefacts and Austronesian-style pottery fragments, as evidence of the early forms of civilization in the area. In their oral culture, mentioning a number of toponyms as the oldest settlements in the area, and it is evident that Dambu and Matti are old settlements. The similarity of cultural features in the form of pottery found in the West Sulawesi region also shows migration flows that are thought to originate from the Karama River (Mamuju). Penelitian arkeologi di Kabupaten Mamasa, Sulawesi Barat, bertujuan untuk menjaring data artefaktual yang dapat menggambarkan mengenai peradaban manusia di daerah tersebut. Salah satu masalah yang belum pernah dijawab, adalah sejak kapan mulai peradaban di daerah Mamasa. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode survei, dan ekskavasi pada situs-situs yang yang disebutkan oleh masyarakat setempat sebagai lokasi permukiman awal di Mamasa seperti Situs Dambu dan Situs Matti. Metode wawancara juga digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang latar sejarah kedua situs tersebut. Hasil survei dan ekskavasi yang telah dilakukan di situs Dambu dan Matti ditemukan artefak batu serpih dan fragmen tembikar berciri Austronesia, sebagai bukti bentuk peradaban awal di daerah tersebut. Tradisi tutur mereka, menyebutkan beberapa toponim sebagai perkampungan tertua di daerah tersebut, dan terbukti bahwa Dambu dan Matti merupakan perkampungan tua. Kesamaan ciri budaya, khususnya temuan tembikar di kawasan Sulawesi Barat juga menunjukkan arus migrasi yang diduga berasal dari aliran Sungai Karama (Mamuju).