bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host-pathogen biotic interactions shaped vitamin K metabolism in Archaeplastida
Authors: Cenci U. , Qiu H. , Pillonel T. , Cardol P. , Remacle C. , Colleoni C. , Kadouche D. , Chabi M. , Greub G. , Bhattacharya D. , Ball S. G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMenaquinone (vitamin K2) shuttles electrons between membrane-bound respiratory complexes under microaerophilic conditions. In photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria, phylloquinone (vitamin K1) participates in photosystem I function. Here we elucidate the evolutionary history of vitamin K metabolism in algae and plants. We show that Chlamydiales intracellular pathogens made major genetic contributions to the synthesis of the naphthoyl ring core and the isoprenoid side-chain of these quinones. Production of the core in extremophilic red algae is under control of a menaquinone (Men) gene cluster consisting of 7 genes that putatively originated via lateral gene transfer (LGT) from a chlamydial donor to the plastid genome. In other green and red algae, functionally related nuclear genes also originated via LGT from a non-cyanobacterial, albeit unidentified source. In addition, we show that 3–4 of the 9 required steps for synthesis of the isoprenoid side chains are under control of genes of chlamydial origin. These results are discussed in the light of the hypoxic response experienced by the cyanobacterial endosymbiont when it gained access to the eukaryotic cytosol.
Raman micro-spectroscopy monitors acquired resistance to targeted cancer therapy at the cellular level
Authors: Hammoud Mohamad K. , Yosef Hesham K. , Lechtonen Tatjana , Aljakouch Karim , Schuler Martin , Alsaidi Wissam , Daho Ibrahim , Maghnouj Abdelouahid , Hahn Stephan , El-Mashtoly Samir F. , Gerwert Klaus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMonitoring the drug efficacy or resistance in vitro is usually carried out by measuring the response of single few proteins. However, observation of single proteins instead of an integral cell response may lead to results that are not consistent with patient’s response to a drug. We present a Raman spectroscopic method that detects the integral cell response to drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations develop acquired resistance to first (erlotinib)- and third (osimertinib)-generation TKIs. Large erlotinib-induced differences were detected by Raman micro-spectroscopy in NSCLC cells without T790M EGFR mutation but not in cells with this mutation. Additionally, Raman difference spectra detected the response of NSCLC cells with T790M EGFR mutation to second- (neratinib) and third-generation (osimertinib) TKIs, and the resistance of cells with T790M/C797S EGFR mutation to osimertinib. Thus, the in vitro Raman results indicated that NSCLC cells with T790M and T790M/C797S EGFR mutations are resistant to erlotinib- and osimertinib, respectively, consistent with the observed responses of patients. This study shows the potential of Raman micro-spectroscopy to monitor drug resistance and opens a new door to in vitro companion diagnostics for screening personalized therapies.
Investigating the potential use of an Antarctic variant of Janthinobacterium lividum for tackling antimicrobial resistance in a One Health approach
Authors: Baricz Andreea , Teban Adela , Chiriac Cecilia Maria , Szekeres Edina , Farkas Anca , Nica Maria , Dascălu Amalia , Oprișan Corina , Lavin Paris , Coman Cristian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to describe a new variant of Janthinobacterium lividum - ROICE173, isolated from Antarctic snow, and to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the crude bacterial extract against 200 multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria of both clinical and environmental origin, displaying various antibiotic resistance patterns. ROICE173 is extremotolerant, grows at high pH (5.5–9.5), in high salinity (3%) and in the presence of different xenobiotic compounds and various antibiotics. The best violacein yield (4.59 ± 0.78 mg·g−1 wet biomass) was obtained at 22 °C, on R2 broth supplemented with 1% glycerol. When the crude extract was tested for antimicrobial activity, a clear bactericidal effect was observed on 79 strains (40%), a bacteriostatic effect on 25 strains (12%) and no effect in the case of 96 strains (48%). A very good inhibitory effect was noticed against numerous MRSA, MSSA, Enterococci, and Enterobacteriaceae isolates. For several environmental E. coli strains, the bactericidal effect was encountered at a violacein concentration below of what was previously reported. A different effect (bacteriostatic vs. bactericidal) was observed in the case of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from raw vs. treated wastewater, suggesting that the wastewater treatment process may influence the susceptibility of MDR bacteria to violacein containing bacterial extracts.
A facile and general approach for production of nanoscrolls with high-yield from two-dimensional nanosheets
Authors: Wang Wucong , Gai Yanzhe , Xiao Ding , Zhao Yaping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNanoscrolls (NSs) assembled from two-dimensional nanosheets have emerged as a novel type of one-dimensional nanomaterials because of their unique topological features and properties. The scale-up preparation of the NSs is crucial for their foundational and applied research. Herein, we report a general and straightforward approach for efficiently converting two-dimensional nanosheets into the NSs with high yield. We demonstrated the converting process by illustrating the formation of the graphene nanoscrolls through characterizing their morphology and structure using a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Raman spectra, and X-ray diffraction spectra. The graphene sheets with a few-lay number were converted immediately and entirely into the graphene nanoscrolls when they mixed with an ethanol solution of silver nitrate at room temperature. The as-prepared graphene nanoscrolls were confirmed to be formed via the layer-by-layer assembly of graphene triggered by silver cyanide formed in site. Also, we extended this approach to construct the nanoscrolls of the hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, and tungsten disulfide, respectively, from their corresponding two-dimensional nanomaterials. In a broader context, this approach paves a significant new way for the large production of the NSs with cost-efficiency.
Editorial
Authors: Nüßlein Hubert , Rehart St. 
Published: October 2018

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,ja, wie lebt es sich denn eigentlich mit „Rheuma“? Geht es Ihnen auch so?: Meist nehmen wir Kenntnis von diagnostischen oder therapeutischen Möglichkeiten und Neuerungen und freuen uns über gut wirkende Innovationen. Dabei gehen den rheumatologischen Ärzten vielfach Aspekte verloren, die für die Betroffenen eine erhebliche Bedeutung aufweisen. In dem vorliegenden Themenheft haben wir uns gezielt vorgenommen, gerade die Facetten zu adressieren, die bei den verschiedenen rheumatisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen kaum beleuchtet werden, nämlich die vielfältigen Auswirkungen der Erkrankung auf nahezu alle Aspekte des täglichen Lebens. Neben der medikamentösen Behandlung, die als Basis sozusagen gesetzt ist, bedeutet es für die „Rheumapatienten“ immer auch noch, sich mit einer das weitere Leben beeinflußenden chronischen Erkrankung auseinanderzusetzen und diese zunächst überhaupt erst einmal zu akzeptieren.
Keramikimplantate: Was wissen wir?
Authors: Pieralli Stefano , Kohal Ralf , Bruhnke Maria , Spies Benedikt 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der modernen Zahnmedizin bieten sich Keramikimplantate als Pfeiler für implantatgetragene Restaurationen an. Auch Patienten interessieren sich immer häufiger für metallfreie Versorgungen – sowohl bei der prothetischen Restauration („Was kommt auf mein Implantat?“) als auch bei der Wahl des Materials („Woraus besteht mein Implantat?“). Für den Behandler stellt sich daher die Frage: „Kann ich keramische Implantate bedenkenlos anbieten?“
Icariin Improves Functional Behavior in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Promotes Synaptic Plasticity Markers
Authors: Joo Hyejin , Bae Jinhyun , Lee Jun-Seon , Bang Yumi , Lee Beom-Joon , Park Jae-Woo , Lee Kyungjin , Cho Jae-Heung , Bu Youngmin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEpimedii Herba (EH) has been used in traditional Asian medicine to treat hemiplegia following stroke. Icariin, its major active component, is used as a quality-control marker and for its various pharmacological effects. We hypothesized that icariin would show protective effects following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The TBI mouse model was induced using a controlled cortical impact method. Body weight, brain damage, motor function, and cognitive function were evaluated. Synaptogenesis markers were analyzed to investigate potential mechanisms of action. The animals were divided into six groups: sham, control, minocycline-treated group, and icariin-treated (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, p. o.) groups. The icariin 30 mg/kg-treated group regained body weight at 7 and 8 d post TBI. Icariin 30 mg/kg- and 10 mg/kg-treated groups showed enhanced sensory-motor function at 8 d post TBI in rotarod and balance beam tests. Icariin-treated groups showed increased recognition index in the novel object recognition test at all doses and increased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test at 30 mg/kg. Icariin upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor, synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 expressions. However, no protective effects against brain damage or neuronal death were observed. The current results provide a basis for using icariin following TBI and suggest that it could be a candidate for the development of therapeutic agents for functional recovery after TBI.
Suboccipital Lateral Approach for Resection of Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Reghin Neto Mateus , Melo Almeida Heros , Almeida João , Alexim Ygor , de Almeida Matheus , Tavares Rodrigo , Corrêa Antonio , de Oliveira Evandro 
Published: October 2018

We present the case of a 34-year-old woman, who presented to our department with a 4 months history of dizziness, hearing loss, and tinnitus on the right side. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan demonstrated a large extra-axial lesion, suggestive of a meningioma, with dural attachments to the petrosal bone surface and tentorium, closely related with the trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, and lower cranial nerves in the right side. Treatment options were discussed with the patient, and surgical resection was selected to remove the lesion, and decompress the cranial nerves and brainstem. The surgery was performed with a patient in a semi-seated position with head placed in a flexed, nonrotated position. A right lateral suboccipital approach was performed, exposing the right transverse and sigmoid sinuses. After dura opening, microsurgical dissection was used to open the cisterna magna, and obtain cerebellum relaxation. That was followed by identification of cranial nerves VII–XII and then identification of the tumor itself. Tumor debulking was then performed with use of suction and ultrasonic aspirator. After extensive resection, the tumor margins were dissected away from brainstem, cerebellum, and cranial nerves. Finally, the tumor attachment to the tentorium was coagulated and cut and the tumor was completely removed. Postoperative MRI confirmed complete resection of the tumor. The patient was discharged on the 1st week after surgery, with no additional postoperative deficits or complications.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/aZ3jhZTAeAA.
Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Posterior Petrosal Approach
Authors: Graffeo Christopher S. , Peris-Celda Maria , Perry Avital , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Driscoll Colin L.W. , Link Michael J. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Although numerous anatomical and operative atlases have been published, those that have focused on the skull base either have provided views that are quite difficult to achieve in the operating room to better depict surgical anatomy or are written at the level of an audience with considerable knowledge and experience.
Methods Five sides of three formalin-fixed latex-injected specimens were dissected under microscopic magnification. A posterior petrosectomy approach was performed by three neurosurgical residents at different training levels with limited previous experience in anatomical dissection mentored by the senior authors (C. L. W. D. and M. J. L.) and a clinical skull base fellow with additional anatomical dissection experience (M. P. C.). Anatomical dissections were performed until the expected level of dissection quality was achieved to demonstrate each important step of the surgical approach that would be understandable to all trainees of all levels. Following dissection education, representative case applications were reviewed.
Results The posterior petrosectomy (also known as presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approach) affords excellent access to cranial nerves III to XI and a diverse array of pathologies. Key steps include positioning and skin incision, scalp and muscle flaps, burr holes, craniotomy flap elevation, superficial mastoidectomy, otic capsule exposure and presigmoid dura decompression, primary presigmoid durotomy, inferior temporal durotomy, superior petrosal sinus ligation, tentorium sectioning, and final exposure.
Conclusion The posterior petrosectomy is a challenging approach; thorough operative-style laboratory dissection is essential to provide trainees with a suitable guide. We describe a comprehensive approach to learning this technique, intended to be understandable and usable by a resident audience.
Prävention von Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus als gesundheitspolitische Herausforderung
Authors: Effertz T. , Laxy M. , Schwettmann L. , Stratil J. M. , von Philipsborn P. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Prävention von Adipositas und Diabetes mellitus ist eine der zentralen gesundheitspolitischen Herausforderungen der Gegenwart. Bezüglich beider Krankheiten ist in Deutschland noch keine Trendwende in der Prävalenzentwicklung gelungen. Zu diversen Präventionsmaßnahmen liegt mittlerweile hinreichende Evidenz vor, so dass die entscheidenden Hemmnisse für bessere Prävention im Bereich der Durch- und Umsetzung zu sehen sind. Erforderlich ist insbesondere eine stärkere Nutzung verhältnispräventiver Ansätze, die ein besonders großes Potenzial bieten, auf Bevölkerungsebene wirksam und wirtschaftlich zu sein. In Deutschland hat das Thema zuletzt vermehrt politische Aufmerksamkeit erfahren, was sich auch in den Inhalten des im März 2018 beschlossenen Koalitionsvertrags zwischen CDU, CSU und SPD zeigt. Insgesamt besteht in Deutschland jedoch auch im internationalen Vergleich weiterhin großer Nachholbedarf. Fortgesetztes Engagement auf kommunaler, Landes- und Bundesebene ist nötig, um evidenzbasierten Ansätzen zur Umsetzung zu verhelfen.
Overall order versus local order in bilingual conversation
Authors: Gafaranga Joseph 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Language alternation has been investigated from different perspectives. This chapter focuses on the conversation analytic perspective. This perspective divides into two models, namely the local order model and the overall order model. Formulating what appears to be opposite claims about the same object, these models may at first seem to be competing against each other. This chapter shows that, in CA, it is generally understood that the local order and the overall order need each other. Therefore, the chapter argues that the local order model and the overall order model of language alternation should not be seen as competing against each other. Instead the integration of the models is shown to be beneficial to the discipline as a whole.
Transitions with “Okay”
Authors: Reichert Tetyana , Liebscher Grit 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses language alternation and the use of “okay” in peer interactions among German as a foreign language learners at a university in the English-speaking part of Canada. In these peer interactions, learners composed and rehearsed a role-play in German that was subsequently performed in class. A conversation analytic approach, together with positioning theory, is applied to examine learners’ use of these linguistic resources in the sequential organisation of the interaction and in the management of the learning task. We find that “okay” plays a specific role in marking transitions between languages as well as navigating the task and the students’ relationships.
Does changes in mismatch negativity after tinnitus retraining therapy using tinnitus pitch as deviant stimulus, reflect subjective improvement in tinnitus handicap?
Authors: El-Minawi Mohamed Sherif , Dabbous Abeir Osman , Hamdy Mona Mohamed , Sheta Sara Mohamed 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
The objective of this research was to study the ability of Mismatch Negativity response parameters to assess the habituation after Tinnitus Retraining Therapy through comparing MMN parameters before and after TRT and comparing MMN in tinnitus patients to non-tinnitus patients, and correlating MMN parameters to subjective measures of tinnitus.

Methodology:
This research included two groups: a tinnitus group of 30 tinnitus patients who were compared with a control group that consisted of well-matched 10 normal adult subjects. All participants were subjected to full history taking, audiological examination, and MMN test. Tinnitus patients were further assessed for tinnitus severity using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), tinnitus analyses including pitch and loudness matching, with the PMF as the deviant stimulus for the MMN test.

Results:
The MMN latencies were significantly shorter and the MMN amplitudes were significantly greater in the tinnitus group before TRT than the control group. The MMN amplitude after TRT has significantly decreased and the MMN latency has significantly been prolonged in both ears after TRT compared with before TRT. The MMN amplitude improvement matched the subjective improvement measured subjectively by the THI.

Conclusion:
Tinnitus patients showed abnormality in central auditory processing mechanisms involved in pre-attentive change detection of tinnitus-related neuronal activity. This MMN abnormality showed improvement after habituation using TRT. So, we recommend adding the MMN test in evaluating tinnitus patients objectively before and after TRT for monitoring the treatment progress, together with the usual subjective measures for assessment of the degree of tinnitus severity.
Frequent Door Openings During Cardiac Surgery Are Associated With Increased Risk for Surgical Site Infection: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Roth Jan A , Juchler Fabrice , Dangel Marc , Eckstein Friedrich S , Battegay Manuel , Widmer Andreas F 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Preliminary studies that analyzed surrogate markers have suggested that operating room (OR) door openings may be a risk factor for surgical site infection (SSI). We therefore aimed to estimate the effect of OR door openings on SSI risk in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods
This prospective, observational study involved consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery in 2 prespecified ORs equipped with automatic door-counting devices from June 2016 to October 2017. Occurrence of an SSI within 30 days after cardiac surgery was our primary outcome measure. Respective outcome data were obtained from a national SSI surveillance cohort. We analyzed the relationship between mean OR door opening frequencies and SSI risk by use of uni- and multivariable Cox regression models.

Results
A total of 301 594 OR door openings were recorded during the study period, with 87 676 eligible door openings being logged between incision and skin closure. There were 688 patients included in the study, of whom 24 (3.5%) developed an SSI within 30 days after surgery. In uni- and multivariable analysis, an increased mean door opening frequency during cardiac surgery was associated with higher risk for consecutive SSI (adjusted hazard ratio per 5-unit increment, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–2.00; P = .008). The observed effect was driven by internal OR door openings toward the clean instrument preparation room.

Conclusions
Frequent door openings during cardiac surgery were independently associated with an increased risk for SSI. This finding warrants further study to establish a potentially causal relationship between OR door openings and the occurrence of SSI.
A review of the influence of marine habitat classification schemes on mapping studies: inherent assumptions, influence on end products, and suggestions for future developments
Authors: Strong James Asa , Clements Annika , Lillis Helen , Galparsoro Ibon , Bildstein Tim , Pesch Roland 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The production of marine habitat maps typically relies on the use of habitat classification schemes (HCSs). The choice of which HCS to use for a mapping study is often related to familiarity, established practice, and national desires. Despite a superficial similarity, HCSs differ greatly across six key properties, namely, purpose, environmental and ecological scope, spatial scale, thematic resolution, structure, and compatibility with mapping techniques. These properties impart specific strengths and weaknesses for each HCS, which are subsequently transferred to the habitat maps applying these schemes. This review has examined seven HCSs (that are commonly used and widely adopted for national and international mapping programmes), over the six properties, to understand their influence on marine habitat mapping. In addition, variation in how mappers interpret and apply HCSs introduces additional uncertainties and biases into the final maps. Recommendations are provided for improving HCSs for marine habitat mapping as well as for enhancing the working practices of mappers using habitat classification. It is hoped that implementation of these recommendations will lead to greater certainty and usage within mapping studies and more consistency between studies and adjoining maps.
Prejudice-relevant Correlates of Attitudes towards Refugees: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Cowling Misha Mei , Anderson Joel R , Ferguson Rose 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article meta-analyses the available data on attitudes towards refugees and asylum seekers, with the aim of estimating effect sizes for the relationships between these attitudes and prejudice-relevant correlates. Seventy studies (Ntotal = 13,720) were located using systematic database searches and calls for unpublished data. In the case of demographic factors, being male, religious, nationally identified, politically conservative, and less educated were associated with negative attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.11, 0.17, 0.18, 0.21, and –0.16, respectively). For ideological factors, increases in right-wing authoritarianism and social-dominance orientations correlated with negative attitudes, while the endorsement of macro (but not micro) justice principles were associated with positive attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.50, 0.50, –0.29, and 0.00, respectively). Perceptions of refugees as symbolic and realistic threats were the strongest correlates of negative attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.98 and 1.11, respectively). These findings have contributed to the growing body of knowledge that endeavors to understand the antecedents of refugee-specific prejudice, and are discussed in light of the global refugee crisis.