bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the Scoring Hip Osteoarthritis with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SHOMRI) system to assess intra‐articular pathology in femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Grace Trevor , Neumann Jan , Samaan Michael A. , Souza Richard B. , Majumdar Sharmila , Link Thomas M. , Zhang Alan L. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThere is currently no widely accepted classification system of intra‐articular damage in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The goal of this study is to correlate the Scoring Hip Osteoarthritis with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SHOMRI) system with arthroscopic findings in symptomatic FAI patients to justify its use in this setting. Symptomatic FAI patients scheduled for hip arthroscopy were prospectively enrolled. Prior to surgery, radiographs, and an MRI were obtained of the affected hip and all patients completed the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) questionnaire. Each MRI was graded using the SHOMRI system. Intraoperatively, cartilage and labral injury grades were recorded. SHOMRI scores were then correlated with the intraoperative cartilage and labral grades as well as preoperative radiographic findings and HOOS scores. Forty‐three patients were analyzed (mean age 35.7 years, 58.1% male). SHOMRI total scores correlated with intraoperative femoral cartilage grade (ρ = 0.42; p = 0.002), acetabular cartilage grade (ρ = 0.30; p = 0.046), and labral tear grade (ρ = 0.42; p = 0.003) as well as with preoperative Tönnis grade (ρ = 0.37, p = 0.013), HOOS pain score (ρ = −0.33; p = 0.039), HOOS ADL score (ρ = −0.39; p = 0.007), and HOOS sports score (ρ = −0.30; p = 0.037). In conclusion, total scores from the SHOMRI system showed significant correlation with arthroscopic findings as well as radiographic gradings and clinical symptoms in patients with FAI. Use of this quantitative system to assess the burden of chondrolabral damage in FAI appears valid. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3064–3070, 2018.
Evaluation of mixed oxide formation and sintering behavior in thermal barrier coatings on nickel‐based superalloy
Authors: Parlakyigit A.S. , Gulmez T. , Karaoglanli A.C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThermal barrier coatings are widely used in aircraft turbines to protect nickel‐based superalloys from the effect of high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion. In this study, both NiCrAlY bond coat and yttria‐stabilized zirconia top coat were deposited using atmospheric plasma spray technique. After coating production, specimens were exposed to oxidation in air atmosphere at 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C for different periods of time up to 50 h. Microstructural transformations in the ceramic top coat and growth behavior of the thermally grown oxide layer were examined using scanning electron microscopy, porosity calculation, elemental mapping and hardness measurement. Formation of different types of oxides in the thermally grown oxide layer shows that this process strongly depends on deposition technique as well as on oxidation time and temperature. Hardness values of the top coat increased with a decrease in the porosity of the top coat. Uniformity and homogeneity of the thermally grown oxide layer and densification of the top coat were evaluated in terms of the structural durability of thermal barrier coating systems.
The feasibility of synthesis tungsten nitride in magnesium‐tungsten oxide‐melamine ternary system via mechanochemical method
Authors: Torabi O. , Golabgir M.H. , Jamshidi A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDifferent routes have been investigated to synthesize tungsten (W) – tungsten nitride (W2N) nanocomposite powder by mechanochemical method in magnesium–tungsten oxide–melamine ternary system. In stoichiometric mixture, reduction of tungsten oxide by magnesium took place after 30 minutes of milling in mechanically induced self‐sustaining reaction (MSR). A large amount of heat generated from magnesiothermic reaction, makes the used melamine unstable which causes the formation of undesirable tungsten carbide phase. By separating magnesiothermic reduction from nitride formation reaction, no thermal degradation of melamine occurred; however, milling alone has not brought much change in the used melamine to form tungsten nitride. Dispersion of reaction heat by adding magnesium in three‐stages (during 3 hours of milling) has been capable of preparing maximum value of tungsten nitride phase. According to scanning and transmission electron microscope images, the range of particle size was within 100 nanometer.
Synthesis of high surface area nanostructured La2Zr2O7 by thermal decomposition of new ion pair complex precursor
Authors: Miroliaee A. , Chahaki M. Mohammadi , Abdouss M. , Heydari H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe paper presents an investigation on the influence of the production method upon crystallite and particle size, surface area and morphology of La2Zr2O7 pyrochlore. Mesoporous La2Zr2O7 nanopowders were synthesized by thermal decomposition of [Zr(sal)3(H2O)2][La(dipic)2(H2O)3]⋅3(H2O), (dipic = 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate, sal = salicylate), ion‐pair complex precursor as a new method. For comparative purposes, two other samples were fabricated by co‐precipitation and citrate sol‐gel methods. The ion‐pair complex precursor technique displays the low degree agglomeration, the smallest crystallite size (8.6 nm) and the highest surface area (119.20 m2/g) and total pore value (0.13 cc/g), in comparison with two other conventional methods which are related to the influence of the fabrication method. The high structural stability of the complex precursor prevents the rapid growth of particles during the calcination process and thus improves the textural properties.
The spectrum of intraoral bacteria seen in patients with cleft palates in an African setting
Authors: Ramdial Shaal , Madaree Anil 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDehiscence or palatal fistula formation following palatoplasty is a complication that has grave consequences for the patient that include tissue loss, emotional distress to the parents and patient, and further medical costs. Palatal dehiscence or fistula formation is multifactorial following surgery—tension of wound closure, poor patient adherence to postoperative orders and wound infection are the most common causes for this. Oral colonization with pathogenic organisms could play a role in wound healing complications. Identification of intraoral bacteria among patients with cleft palates has thus far not been performed. To identify the spectrum of intraoral bacteria in cleft palate patients in an African setting; a retrospective, chart review was performed at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital—a quaternary hospital in Durban, South Africa. All patients with unrepaired cleft palates who underwent palatoplasty in 2015 were included. Fifty‐two patients were included. Preoperative throat/palatal swabs were taken prior to palatoplasty. The various bacteria cultured from the aforementioned swabs were cataloged. Various bacteria were cultured. In total, 23 patients (44.2%) had positive swab cultures. Eighteen cultures (34.6%) had gram‐positive growth only, four cultures (7.7%) had gram‐negative growth only, while one patient (1.9%) cultured both a gram‐positive and a gram‐negative organism. Streptococcus viridans was the most commonly cultured organism (19.2%) while beta‐hemolytic streptococci were cultured from only 4 swabs (7.7%). Our study cataloged the commonly occurring bacteria found in unrepaired cleft palate patients in Africa. Further research into the clinical significance of each bacteria is advised.
Elongation factor P controls translation of the mgtA gene encoding a Mg2+ transporter during Salmonella infection
Authors: Choi Eunna , Nam Daesil , Choi Jeongjoon , Park Shinae , Lee Jung‐Shin , Lee Eun‐Jin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRibosome often stalls on mRNA sequences harboring consecutive proline codons. Elongation factor P (EF‐P) is required for the stalled ribosome to continue translation and thus the absence of EF‐P affects translation of the associated open reading frame. Here we report that EF‐P controls translation of the mgtA gene encoding a Mg2+‐transporting ATPase from the intracellualr pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. EF‐P's effect on mgtA translation is dependent on the 550th and 551st proline codons in the coding region and thus substitution of those proline codons eliminates EF‐P‐mediated control of MgtA protein without affecting the Mg2+‐transporting activity of the mgtA gene. The Pro550 and Pro551‐substituted mgtA gene promotes Salmonella's intramacrophage survival and mouse virulence, suggesting that EF‐P‐mediated translational control of the mgtA gene is required for Salmonella pathogenesis.
Determination of Amadori Product in Glycated Human Serum Albumin by Spectroscopy Methods
Authors: Bohlooli Mousa , Ghaffari‐Moghaddam Mansour , Khajeh Mostafa , Sheibani Nader 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Amadori product is a stable intermediate in the glycation process, and its increased formation is a marker of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Its accumulation in the body contributes to pathological complications of diabetes including diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. In this study the effect of 3‐β‐hydroxybutyrate on the production of Amadori products and structural changes of human serum albumin (HSA) after incubation with glucose was investigated using FT‐IR, circular dichroism (CD), and UV‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our results showed that the production of Amadori products in HSA incubated with glucose was decreased in the presence of 3‐β‐hydroxybutyrate. The glycation‐mediated alterations in HSA secondary and tertiary structures were also reduced in the presence of 3‐β‐hydroxybutyrate. These changes were attributed to reduced formation of glucose covalent bonds with the HSA lysine residues in the presence of 3‐β‐hydroxybutyrate. Thus, 3‐β‐hydroxybutyrate reduced the production of Amadori products by reacting with lysine residues and decreasing HSA covalent modifications by glucose.
Fabrication of Perovskite Uniform Film in Air via Introduction of Aniline Cations
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Zhixin , Wang Bin , Zhang Jingbo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlkylammonium lead(II) halide (APbX3) perovskite is developed to be the most potential light absorbing material in the photovoltaic field. However it is sensitive to water and oxygen, and the perovskite uniform film is difficult to be prepared in atmospheric environment. Here, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite uniform layer was prepared in ambient environment via adding aniline cations in the methylamine deposition solution of the perovskite layer. XRD results indicate 3D crystalline structure of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite is remained in the case of addition of the low concentration of aniline cations. With the addition increasing of aniline cations, 2D crystalline structure of (C6H5‐NH3)2PbI4 is gradually formed. SEM images indicate that the introduction of aniline cations obviously improves the coverage of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite on nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film. The short circuit photocurrent and power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell based on the mixed perovskite were enhanced. The perovskite solar cell fabricated with the optimized molar ratio of aniline cations shows a short circuit photocurrent density of 17.1 mA⋅cm−2 and power conversion efficiency of 5.7%, which is 28% higher than that of the device based on pure CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. The photovoltaic performance enhancement of perovskite solar cell is due to the formation of perovskite uniform layer as aniline cations are introduced, which suppresses the possible recombination processes.
Looking for Holes in Sterile Wrapping: How Accurate Are We?
Authors: Rashidifard Christopher H. , Mayassi Hani A. , Bush Chelsea M. , Opalacz Brian M. , Richardson Mark W. , Muccino Paul M. , DiPasquale Thomas G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Defects in sterile surgical wrapping are identified by the presence of holes through which light can be seen. However, it is unknown how reliably the human eye can detect these defects.

Questions/purposes
The purpose of this study was to determine (1) how often holes in sterile packaging of various sizes could be detected; and (2) whether differences in lighting, experience level of the observer, or time spent inspecting the packaging were associated with improved likelihood of detection of holes in sterile packaging.

Methods
Thirty participants (10 surgical technicians, 13 operating room nurses, seven orthopaedic surgery residents) inspected sterile sheets for perforations under ambient operating room (OR) lighting and then again with a standard powered OR lamp in addition to ambient lighting. There were no additional criteria for eligibility other than willingness to participate. Each sheet contained one of nine defect sizes with four sheets allocated to each defect size. Ten wraps were controls with no defects. Participants were allowed as much time as necessary for inspection.

Results
Holes ≥ 2.5 mm were detected more often than holes ≤ 2 mm (87% [832 of 960] versus 7% [82 of 1200]; odds ratio, 88.6 [95% confidence interval, 66.2-118.6]; p < 0.001). There was no difference in detection accuracy between OR lamp and ambient lightning nor experience level. There was no correlation between inspection time and detection accuracy.

Conclusions
Defects ≤ 2 mm were not reliably detected with respect to lighting, time, or level of experience. Future research is warranted to determine defect sizes that are clinically meaningful.

Level of Evidence
Level II, diagnostic study.
P.062 MR Venography predicts increased intracranial hypertension in children with hydrocephalus
Authors: Rohr AC , Knerlich-Lukoschus F , Heran M , Shewchuk J , Margraf N , van Baalen A , Jansen O 
Published: June 2018

Background: We investigated whether the presence of dural sinus narrowing is a more reliable marker of intracranial hypertension / shunt failure in children than the imaging finding of hydrocephalus. -Methods: Cranial MRIs of n=12 children were included when being well and when there was definitive intracranial hypertension as per follow-up and intraoperative results (gold standard). Images werde assessed for hydrocephalus on T2w images and narrowing of dural sinuses on MR vengraphy (diameter of <50%). Results: Dural sinuses narrowing was detected with a sensitivity of 0.67, a specificity of 1.0, PPV of 1.0 and NPV of 0.75 (Table 1). Hydrocephalus was detected with a sensitivity of 0.5, a specificity of 0.83, PPV of 0.75 and NPV of 0.63. Results differed between the test methods (p = 0.01, Cochrane Q test). Conclusions: Dural sinus narrowing more reliably predicted intracranial hypertension, a sign which might significantly improve care in critically ill children.Age at MRIShuntfailure as per clinical follow-up(Goldstandard)HydrocephalusDural Sinus NarrowingPatient #Years1 = yes2 = no1 = yes2 = no1 = yes2 = no111104000261116000312101120004181011900050110101060010011071710117000810111100009011110001081018000111410114000121810018000Shuntfailure(Goldstandard)AffectedNonaffectedtotalHydrocephalusPositive618Negative61016121224Shuntfailure(Goldstandard)AffectedNonaffectedtotalDural Sinus NarrowingPositive808Negative412161212
P.110 Effects of hypoglycemia on sensitive brain structures in a patient with an insulinoma
Authors: Khayambashi S , Ng M , Katz P , Udow S 
Published: June 2018

Background: A previously healthy 26 year-old male presented with confusion and recurrent hypoglycemia (blood glucose lows of 2.5 mmol/L) while on vacation in Las Vegas. He denied substance or heavy alcohol use and the toxicology screen was negative. He was transferred home to Winnipeg for further care and was found to have only patchy memories of his trip and the days leading up to the trip, consistent with mixed anterograde and retrograde amnesia. MoCA score at presentation was 16/30 with points lost on orientation, delayed recall and visuospatial-executive tasks. MRI revealed T2 hyperintensities and diffusion abnormalities in bilateral hippocampi and globus pallidi. Electroencephalography showed triphasic waves. The patient was found to have a pancreatic insulinoma, which was surgically resected. In follow-up nine weeks later he was near his cognitive baseline, though he had ongoing difficulties with delayed recall. Repeat MRI showed improvement but not resolution of hippocampal and pallidal signal change, with mild hippocampal atrophy.Neuropathological and animal studies have shown that structures most sensitive to hypoglycemic neural injury include the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and neocortex. The clinical and radiographic findings in this case illustrate an unusual presentation of insulinoma and the effects of hypoglycemia on the brain. Methods: N/A Results: N/A Conclusions: N/A
P.132 Redesign of a neuropsychology service in a tertiary pediatric hospital (CHEO)
Authors: Holahan A , Irwin J , Honeywell C , Kortstee S , Anderson P 
Published: June 2018

Background: Neuropsychological assessments are used in hospitals to examine brain-behaviour relationships, and are an integral part of care for medically complex patients. Unfortunately, waitlists can be lengthy. We gathered information regarding best-practice guidelines and physician referral patterns in an effort to better manage the neuropsychology waitlist at a pediatric hospital. Methods: We conducted: 1) A semi-structured telephone survey with 4 Canadian, pediatric, hospital-based neuropsychology services; 2) An electronic survey distributed to referring physicians at CHEO; 3) A focus group for CHEO neurologists and neurosurgeons. Results: The telephone survey indicated that there are no clear, best-practice guidelines for pediatric neuropsychologists working in a tertiary, pediatric hospital. The electronic survey revealed some confusion about neuropsychology services and indicated the need for better communication between neuropsychology and referral sources. The focus group revealed that demand for neuropsychology services far outstrips supply and confirmed the need for better communication. Conclusions: The results confirmed the need for best-practice guidelines to be developed around delivering neuropsychology services within a pediatric tertiary care setting, as well as continuing to work closely with neurology and neurosurgery to ensure that the neuropsychological needs of their patients are met.
Lumpen Politics? A Day in “El Hueco”
Authors: Gandolfo Daniella 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe market of El Hueco in downtown Lima sits inside a large pit dug out for the foundation of a state building that was never built. The below-ground corridors and crammed vending stalls in this poorly regulated market are usually flooded with shoppers, yet government officials and the media frequently condemn it as a vile and dangerous place. But how and why does El Hueco offend? Through an ethnographic account of a day's events, cast against a discussion of Marxism's “lumpenproletariat” and Hernando de Soto's “informality,” I argue that implicit in El Hueco's challenge of state bureaucracy is a class critique that resists conventional class analysis and that affirms the “lumpen” as a politics in its own right. “Lumpen” here does not refer to categories of people but to a resource that can be appropriated and deployed freely. Linked to the anti-political tactics of President Alberto Fujimori in the 1990s, lumpen as a resource has changed the face of postwar Lima by defying and deforming from within the bourgeois ideals of urban development and bureaucratic form. It has also arguably changed the face of politics and played a role in the revival of fujimorismo during and since the 2016 presidential elections.
The Flying Newspapermen and the Time-Space of Late Colonial Nigeria
Authors: James Leslie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent scholarship on Indian, African, and Caribbean political thinkers and leaders emphasizes the era leading up to and immediately after decolonization as one saturated with awareness of time and history. While much of this scholarship focuses on temporalities that open up the future, this article instead foregrounds imaginings of the present in the currency of news reports. By examining newspaper reports, we can attend in a different way to renderings of time and freedom. This article applies theoretical work on genre and addressivity to analyze how location, space, and time were simultaneously grounded and overcome by Nigerian newspaper columnists, and how this dynamic of bounded transcendence facilitated an array of social and political projects in the time-space of 1930s and 1940s colonial Nigeria. The pseudonymous writers examined in this article applied the trope of flying to exist in an alternate reality. Each “reporter” outstripped the normal logic of time and space through their ability to “jump” from place to place, and even to be in more than one place at once. By existing, as they claimed, “everywhere and nowhere” they literally and figuratively rose above the material reality of the everyday, thus ordaining an exclusive capacity for revelation.
The Foundation: Design, Time, and Possibility in 1960s Nairobi
Authors: Magaziner Daniel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article explores the history of an experiment in architectural education that took place at what is today the University of Nairobi, between 1965 and 1967. Organized by Selby Mvusi, a South African industrial designer, and Derek Morgan, a British expatriate architect, what was known as the “Foundation Course” was both an experiment in architectural education in postcolonial Africa and a serious attempt to think through the African experience of time and equip students with the tools to recognize and respond to the unique conditions of the postcolonial African present. Based on archival sources, including those in private collections, and oral interviews, the article situates the Foundation Course within African intellectual history as an exercise in social theory and phenomenology. I examine the content of Mvusi and Morgan's intellectual partnership and project by tracing their individual trajectories, and especially the pedagogical scheme they developed at Nairobi, which came to focus more on humanity in dialogue with the material environment than on material objects themselves. I trace the intellectual lineages of their concepts and explore their articulation within the postcolonial university until the course was cancelled in 1967. I conclude by considering how Mvusi imagined the Foundation Course as a laboratory for both being and building in postcolonial Africa, drawing from a conference paper he delivered just weeks before he died in 1967.