bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrine function and gland volume after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctional pituitary macroadenomas
Authors: Harary Maya , DiRisio Aislyn C. , Dawood Hassan Y. , Kim John , Lamba Nayan , Cho Charles H. , Smith Timothy R. , Zaidi Hasan A. , Laws Edward R. 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVELoss of pituitary function due to nonfunctional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) may be due to compression of the pituitary gland. It has been proposed that the size of the gland and relative perioperative gland expansion may relate to recovery of pituitary function, but the extent of this is unclear. This study aims to assess temporal changes in hormonal function after transsphenoidal resection of NFPA and the relationship between gland reexpansion and endocrine recovery.METHODSPatients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery by a single surgeon for resection of a nonfunctional macroadenoma were selected for inclusion. Patients with prior pituitary surgery or radiosurgery were excluded. Patient characteristics and endocrine function were extracted by chart review. Volumetric segmentation of the pre- and postoperative (≥ 6 months) pituitary gland was performed using preoperative and long-term postoperative MR images. The relationship between endocrine function over time and clinical attributes, including gland volume, were examined.RESULTSOne hundred sixty eligible patients were identified, of whom 47.5% were female; 56.9% of patients had anterior pituitary hormone deficits preoperatively. The median tumor diameter and gland volume preoperatively were 22.5 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 18.0–28.8 mm) and 0.18 cm3 (IQR 0.13–0.28 cm3), respectively. In 55% of patients, endocrine function normalized or improved in their affected axes by median last clinical follow-up of 24.4 months (IQR 3.2–51.2 months). Older age, male sex, and larger tumor size were associated with likelihood of endocrine recovery. Median time to recovery of any axis was 12.2 months (IQR 2.5–23.9 months); hypothyroidism was the slowest axis to recover. Although the gland significantly reexpanded from preoperatively (0.18 cm3, IQR 0.13–0.28 cm3) to postoperatively (0.33 cm3, IQR 0.23–0.48 cm3; p < 0.001), there was no consistent association with improved endocrine function.CONCLUSIONSRecovery of endocrine function can occur several months and even years after surgery, with more than 50% of patients showing improved or normalized function. Tumor size, and not gland volume, was associated with preserved or recovered endocrine function.
Neural basis of episodic memory in the intermediate term after medial temporal lobe resection
Authors: Jeong Woorim , Lee Hyeongrae , Kim June Sic , Chung Chun Kee 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVEHow the brain supports intermediate-term preservation of memory in patients who have undergone unilateral medial temporal lobe resection (MTLR) has not yet been demonstrated. To understand the neural basis of episodic memory in the intermediate term after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the authors investigated the relationship between the activation of the hippocampus (HIP) during successful memory encoding and individual memory capacity in patients who had undergone MTLR. They also compared hippocampal activation with other parameters, including structural volumes of the HIP, duration of illness, and age at seizure onset.METHODSThirty-five adult patients who had undergone unilateral MTLR at least 1 year before recruiting and who had a favorable seizure outcome were enrolled (17 left MTLR, 18 right MTLR; mean follow-up 6.31 ± 2.72 years). All patients underwent a standardized neuropsychological examination of memory function and functional MRI scanning with a memory-encoding paradigm of words and figures. Activations of the HIP during successful memory encoding were calculated and compared with standard neuropsychological memory scores, hippocampal volumes, and other clinical variables.RESULTSGreater activation in the HIP contralateral to the side of the resection was related to higher postoperative memory scores and greater postoperative memory improvement than the preoperative baseline in both patient groups. Specifically, postoperative verbal memory performance was positively correlated with contralateral right hippocampal activation during word encoding in the left-sided surgery group. In contrast, postoperative visual memory performance was positively correlated with contralateral left hippocampal activation during figure encoding in the right-sided surgery group. Activation of the ipsilateral remnant HIP was not correlated with any memory scores or volumes of the HIP; however, it had a negative correlation with the seizure-onset age and positive correlation with the duration of illness in both patient groups.CONCLUSIONSFor the first time, a neural basis that supports effective intermediate-term episodic memory after unilateral MTLR has been characterized. The results provide evidence that engagement of the HIP contralateral rather than ipsilateral to the side of resection is responsible for effective memory function in the intermediate term (> 1 year) after surgery in patients who have undergone left MTLR and right MTLR. Engagement of the material-specific contralesional HIP, verbal memory in the left-sided surgery group, and visual memory in the right-sided surgery group were observed.
Testing the Medina embolization device in experimental aneurysms
Authors: Fahed Robert , Darsaut Tim E. , Salazkin Igor , Gevry Guylaine , Raymond Jean 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVEThe Medina embolization device (MED) is a novel, braided self-expanding endovascular device designed to occlude aneurysms by constructing an in situ intrasaccular flow diverter. Although a single device can be positioned at the neck of simple spherical in vitro aneurysms, the best way to occlude more complex in vivo aneurysms (using multiple MEDs or a combination of MEDs and platinum coils) is currently unknown.METHODSFifty-two aneurysms of 3 different types were created in 31 canines, yielding 48 patent aneurysms. Treatments were randomly allocated by drawing lots: group 1, MEDs alone (n = 16); group 2, MEDs plus standard platinum coils (n = 16); and group 3, control aneurysms treated with coils alone (n = 16). Angiographic results were scored and compared immediately following treatment completion and at 3 months. Specimens were photographed and the extent of neointimal closure of the aneurysmal neck scored, followed by histopathological analyses.RESULTSAngiographic scores of 0 or 1 (occlusion or near occlusion) were initially obtained in 2 of 16 (12.5%, 95% CI 1.6%–38.3%) group 1 (MEDs alone), 3 of 16 (18.7%, 95% CI 4%–45.6%) group 2 (MEDs plus coils), and 10 of 16 (62.5%, 95% CI 35.4%–84.8%) group 3 (coils alone) aneurysms (p = 0.005). At 3 months, scores of 0 or 1 were found in 11 of 16 (68.7%, 95% CI 41.3%–89.0%) group 1, 9 of 16 (56.2%, 95% CI 29.9%–80.2%) group 2, and 8 of 16 (50%, 95% CI 24.7%–75.3%) group 3 aneurysms (p = 0.82). Neointimal scores were similar for the 3 treated groups (p = 0.66).CONCLUSIONEndovascular treatment of experimental aneurysms with MEDs or MEDs and coils showed angiographic occlusion and neointimal scores at 3 months that were similar to those achieved with standard platinum coiling.
Comparative accuracies of electrodiagnostic and imaging studies in neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Smith Brandon W. , Chang Kate W. C. , Yang Lynda J. S. , Spires Mary Catherine 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVEThe incorporation of ancillary testing in the preoperative setting for patients with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) remains controversial, but the recommendation for early nerve reconstruction when a baby has a preganglionic lesion at the lower nerve roots is generally accepted. At some specialty centers, nerve surgeons use preoperative electrodiagnostic testing (EDX) and imaging to aid in lesion localization and the preoperative planning of the nerve reconstruction. EDX and imaging have been evaluated for their abilities to detect pre- and postganglionic lesions, but their accuracies have never been compared directly in the same set of patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of imaging and EDX in an NBPP population.METHODSA retrospective review was conducted of 54 patients with operative NBPP seen between 2007 and 2017. The patients underwent EDX and imaging: EDX was performed, and the results were reviewed by board-certified electrodiagnosticians, and imaging was reviewed by board-certified neuroradiologists. The gold standard was considered to be the findings at surgical exploration. Descriptive and analytical statistics were utilized to compare the accuracies of imaging and EDX.RESULTSThe mean age at surgery was 6.94 mos (± 4 mos). Fifteen patients (28%) were Narakas grade I–II, and 39 (72%) were Narakas grade III–IV. For all nerve roots, the overall accuracy of detecting preganglionic lesions was 74% for EDX and 69% for imaging. The overall sensitivity of detecting preganglionic lesions by EDX was 31%, but the specificity was 90%. The overall sensitivity of detecting preganglionic lesions by imaging was 66%, and the overall specificity was 70%. However, at C8, EDX was 37.5% sensitive and 87.5% specific, whereas imaging was 67.7% sensitive but only 29.4% specific.CONCLUSIONSEDX outperformed imaging with regard to specificity and accuracy of identifying preganglionic injuries. This finding is especially relevant in the lower nerve roots, given that lower plexus preganglionic lesions are an accepted indication for early intervention.
Regression of cephalic index following endoscopic repair of sagittal synostosis
Authors: Pickersgill Nicholas A. , Skolnick Gary B. , Naidoo Sybill D. , Smyth Matthew D. , Patel Kamlesh B. 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVEMetrics used to quantify preoperative severity and postoperative outcomes for patients with sagittal synostosis include cephalic index (CI), the well-known standard, and the recently described adjusted cephalic index (aCI), which accounts for altered euryon location. This study tracks the time course of these measures following endoscopic repair with orthotic helmet therapy. The authors hypothesize that CI and aCI show significant regression following endoscope-assisted repair.METHODSCT scans or 3D photographs of patients with nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis treated before 6 months of age by endoscope-assisted strip craniectomy and postoperative helmet therapy (n = 41) were reviewed retrospectively at three time points (preoperatively, 0–2 months after helmeting, and > 24 months postoperatively). The CI and aCI were measured at each time point.RESULTSMean CI and aCI increased from 71.8 to 78.2 and 62.7 to 72.4, respectively, during helmet treatment (p < 0.001). At final follow-up, mean CI and aCI had regressed significantly from 78.2 to 76.5 and 72.4 to 69.7, respectively (p < 0.001). The CI regressed in 33 of 41 cases (80%) and aCI in 39 of 41 cases (95%). The authors observed a mean loss of 31% of improvement in aCI achieved through treatment. A strong, positive correlation existed between CI and aCI (R = 0.88).CONCLUSIONSRegression following endoscope-assisted strip craniectomy with postoperative helmet therapy commonly occurs in patients with sagittal synostosis. Future studies are required to determine whether duration of helmet therapy or modifications in helmet design affect regression.
Coping strategies used by caregivers of children with newly diagnosed brain tumors
Authors: Cutillo Alexandra , Zimmerman Kathrin , Davies Susan , Madan-Swain Avi , Landier Wendy , Arynchyna Anastasia , Rocque Brandon G. 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to determine what strategies caregivers use to cope with the stress of a child who has recently undergone surgical treatment for a newly diagnosed brain tumor. Results will be used to improve psychosocial assessments and treatments provided to these families during initial hospitalization.METHODSCaregivers of children with newly diagnosed brain tumors admitted to Children’s of Alabama were enrolled during the child’s initial hospitalization for surgical treatment from April 2016 to August 2017. The single-item, National Comprehensive Cancer Network visual analog Distress Thermometer (DT) was administered. Clinical and demographic variables were collected from the medical record. Approximately 1 month after patients were discharged from the hospital, caregivers participated in a semistructured interview that included questions about parent and family coping strategies. Broad questions about stress management since diagnosis were followed by specific questions about individual coping strategies. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for common themes. Themes were broadly characterized as adaptive versus maladaptive coping. Analysis was then performed to determine if DT scores or clinical or demographic factors were associated with the presence of maladaptive coping using a concurrent triangulation mixed-methods design.RESULTSCaregivers identified several adaptive coping strategies, such as active coping, acceptance coping, emotion-focused coping, spiritual coping, social support, and posttraumatic growth. Maladaptive coping strategies were mostly categorized as avoidant coping. Caregivers endorsed multiple different coping strategies (mean of 4.59 strategies per caregiver). No clinical or demographic variables, whether the tumor was benign or malignant, or the DT score correlated with caregiver endorsement of maladaptive coping strategies.CONCLUSIONSCaregivers of children newly diagnosed with brain tumors employ a number of coping strategies, some of which are maladaptive. The authors have not identified any method for predicting who is at risk for maladaptive coping. Assessment of coping skills and education about coping have the potential to improve overall care delivery to these families.
Ventilation for the Nation: Fresh Air, Sunshine, and the Warfare on Germs in China's National Quest for Hygienic Modernity, 1849-1949
Authors: Svarverud Rune 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article analyses ideas about indoor air pollution, fresh and foul air, ventilation and modern hygiene in China during the century between 1849 and 1949. The main focus is on conceptions of and provisions against air pollution in China during this period. The article scrutinises the early history of air pollution in China through a study of the introduction of scientific information, the foreign inspiration for health, hygiene and ventilation, the popular discourse, and the dissemination of knowledge about air quality, fresh air and ventilation. Air pollution in this article is understood in a broad sense involving all airborne substances seen to have adverse health effects on humans, thus including ideas about the positive and negative health effects of clean and fresh air, dust particles, germs and sunshine. This is a story of how science and technology formed part of the history of transmission of knowledge from West to East and how this knowledge took on new and indigenous forms in its Chinese context. This analysis can serve as a historical grounding for understanding current interpretations of fresh and foul air in China today.
Evaluación del tanque Imhoff en el tratamiento de las aguas residuales en el Municipio de Colmenar, Málaga
Authors: Alfonso Menacho Vladimir León 
Published: November 2018

<p>La depuración de aguas residuales en la depuradora de Colmenar se realiza mediante el uso de biodiscos y del sistema denominado tanque Imhoff, siendo está gestionada por el Consorcio Provincial del Agua de Málaga. El presente trabajo evalua la capacidad depuradora del sistema de tanque Imhoff, basándose en el análisis de parámetros fisicoquímicos en diferentes puntos del sistema a lo largo de un período de tiempo determinado. Esta evaluación se basa en el estudio de la caracterización macroscópica de los fangos del sistema. Se concluye que, si bien la depuradora cumple con los parámetros de vertidos, esto no ocurre todos los meses debido a la elevada carga contaminante en la entrada de la EDAR. El funcionamiento del tanque Imhoff es deficiente, el decantador primario presenta rendimiento cero y negativo de la DBO5 y los sólidos en suspensión, el digestor en relación al pH, sólidos suspendidos, potencial redox, el contenido de materia orgánica y la DQO no presentan las características idóneas para su buen funcionamiento en la mayoría de meses. La caracterización macroscópica de los fangos en las probetas depende principalmente del contenido de sólidos en suspensión y de los gases, esto hace que el fango y los gases se desplacen.</p>
La lanthanite à europium du Curitiba, Paraná, Brésil
Authors: Cesbron Fabien , Sichère Marie-Claude , Vachey Hélène , Cassedanne Jacques , Cassedanne Jeannine O. 
Published: November 2018

Lanthanite (La, Ce)2 (CO3)3 • 8H2O was observed in a silty and arenaceous clay, likely deposited under semi-arid conditions in the Guabirotuba formation of the Curitiba basin, Paraná, Brazil.
Orthorhombic with a = 9.476 ; b = 16.940 and c = 8.942 Å, this mineral contains the following rare earths : Nd2O3 = 21.84 % ; La2O3 = 19,44 ; Pr2O3 = 5. 18 ; Sm2O3 = 4.10 ; Gd2O3 = 1.69 ; Eu2O3 = 1.64 ; Dy2O3 = 0.44 ; Y2O3 = 0.22 and Ce2O3 = 0.03.
Very poor in cerium and richer in neodynium than in lanthanum this mineral is the richest in europium so far encountered.
The different losses of CO2, observed on the thermic curves, can be easily interpreted taking the structure in account.
If lanthanite was deposited from rare earth bearing solutions, origin of these rare earths is still problematical with the geological and mineralogical knowledges now prevailing on the Curitiba basin.
La pierre de Sena : des informations sur les conditions de formation des chondrites à bronzite
Authors: Christophe Michel-Lévy Mireille 
Published: November 2018

The Sena stone, an equilibrated bronzite chondrite with well delineated chondrules, has not suffered any shock after its agglomeration and therefore is suitable for the study of formation process. Most of the isolated olivine and orthopyroxene crystals have a rim grown on a fragmented core. The defects in the olivine cores are those of crystals broken at high temperature while those of the rim are growth dislocations (Poirier, oral commun.). Olivine composition is Fa17_18 with 0.02 CaO ; bronzite is Fs15_17 ; the minor element distribution shows a greater homogeneity in the rim than in the cores of both olivines and orthopyroxenes. All the free surfaces of crystals (silicates, FeNi, FeS) show crystallographic planes and growth steps. Some droplet chondrules are sticking on rock fragments.
These observations appear to be compatible with the formation of chondrules by fragmentation of a preexisting rock at high temperature (1300-1000° C) followed by a rapid agglomeration in a transient atmosphere where the crystals have achieved their present aspect beginning with a rapid cooling (in the range 1000-700° C) followed by a much slower one.
Some of the Sena characteristics can be recognized in many H4-H5 chondrites though more or less obscured by subsequent shock event(s) . The fragmentation at high temperature followed by a rapid agglomeration in these stones contrasts with the much slower agglomeration of the type 3 chondrites where each chondrule cools independently and collects low temperature fines on its surface before accretion.
La capture de la Moselle. Nouvelles données chronologiques par datations U/Th sur spéléothèmes
Authors: Losson Benoît , Quinif Yves 
Published: November 2018

The Moselle piracy : New chronological datas from U/th datings of speleothems.
The Moselle piracy is one of the most important changes of the hydrographie network in Lorraine (France). For a long time, this phenomenon has been presumed to be relatively recent (at the end of the Middle Pleistocene) because of the well preserved fluvial morphologies and deposits. With new relations between the above ground and subterranean parameters in the piracy area , the capture has been dated from 300 ky by the U/Th method on speleothem. This evaluation reveals an earlier time for the phenomenon, and is more precise, than those proposed up to now. The latter were derived from the North-european glacial chronology and one thermoluminescence date obtained in the downstream valley of Meuse. In fact, the improvements in absolute datings, through different methods and U/Th in particular, lead geomorphologists to abandon the simple relation between the glacial-interglacial periods and the accumulation-erosion processes in rivers.
Les dolines d'effondrement et les dolines-lacs des Causses du SW du Moyen Atlas (Maroc)
Authors: El Khalki Yahia , Akdim Brahim 
Published: November 2018

Karstic geosystems of the Causses in SW Middle Atlas (Morocco) : Interference between geomorphologic and hydrogeologic factors.
The karstic geosystems of the Causses in the Middle Atlas present a number of old and present karstic landforms. The interference between karstic geomorphology and the process of deep karstification find expression in an important development of sinkholes and collapse zones. Inventory and spatial distribution of these superficial karstic landforms show a very close relationship with the apparition of saline springs.
Water chemistry and the exported rock tonnage are analysed and point out the importance of caveming which takes place in gypsum and salt triassic formations.
Relationship Between Increased Fecal Calprotectin Levels and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Caimmi Cristian , Bertoldo Eugenia , Venturini Anna , Caramaschi Paola , Frulloni Luca , Ciccocioppo Rachele , Brunelli Sabrina , Idolazzi Luca , Gatti Davide , Rossini Maurizio , Viapiana Ombretta 
Published: November 2018

Objective.To evaluate the relationship between fecal calprotectin (FC) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods.The study enrolled 129 outpatients with SSc. Data about disease characteristics, in particular lung involvement, were collected and FC was measured.Results.Patients with ILD (35, 27.1%) had higher values of FC (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, these variables were associated with increased risk of ILD: diffuse disease subset, higher modified Rodnan skin score, longer disease duration, higher severity scores, steroid treatment, and higher FC levels, while diverticulosis was protective.Conclusion.ILD is independently associated with increased FC levels in SSc.