bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Hybrid Model for Apple Fruit Disease Detection using Multi-Architecture Feature Extraction
Authors: Sandhi Anil , Kumar Rajeev , Kumar Prof. Dinesh , Bhardwaj Reeta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The agriculture industry is critical to the global economy, with product quality having a direct impact on marketability and waste management. Apples, one of the most extensively produced fruits, are affected by a variety of diseases that can reduce productivity and quality. Accurate diagnosis of diseases is critical, but traditional manual approaches are time-consuming, error-prone, and ineffective. Inadequate labeled data and a wide range of disease symptoms make it necessary to design an automated, robust, and accurate system. This article describes a hybrid model for Apple Fruit Disease Detection (HMAFDD) that combines the strengths of three pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models: ResNet50, DenseNet121, and EfficientNetB0. It accomplish this by using multi-architecture feature extraction. The hybrid system, which combines both models, is able to recognize a wide range of features, from simple textures to complex patterns unique to a certain diseases. Grad-CAM, or gradient-weighted class activation mapping, creates heatmaps that highlight significant regions for prediction, which enhances the interpretability of the model.To increase robustness and accuracy, techniques such as spectral-shifted adversarial perturbation for data augmentation and spectrally-weighted global average pooling for feature aggregation are used. This technique provides 99.75\% accuracy with minimal processing needs, making it acceptable for real-time applications in agricultural situations. This considerably improves apple disease management.
Determinants of Support for Female Genital Mutilation and its Practice on Young Girls in Northern Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Farman Zahir , Piroozi Bakhtiar , Shokri Azad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread practice that affects millions of girls and women worldwide, violating their human rights and posing significant health risks. This study aims to explore the determinants of support for FGM and its practice on young girls in Northern Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities, and data were collected from 348 women who had undergone FGM and had at least one daughter. The study employed logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing agreement with performing FGM and having a daughter undergo FGM. Results: Approximately 10% of women agreed with performing FGM, and 7% reported that their daughters had undergone the procedure. However, among those whose daughters had undergone FGM, a small subgroup expressed disagreement and held strong beliefs against its future occurrence. Religious recommendations and traditional practices were the main reasons cited by women for supporting FGM. Age, education status, marital status, and age of the daughter were found to be significant determinants. Notably, women with daughters above 10 years old and illiterate women exhibited higher odds of supporting FGM. Additionally, women with illiterate husbands were more likely to support the practice. Discussion: This study highlights the persistence of FGM in Northern Iraq and identifies key determinants associated with its practice. Efforts to eradicate FGM should focus on addressing sociocultural factors, promoting education and awareness, and engaging religious leaders and communities. By understanding the motivations behind FGM and targeting interventions accordingly, progress can be made towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and advancing gender equality.
Mechanical properties of crystalline–amorphous composites: generalisation of Hall–Petch and inverse Hall–Petch behaviours
Authors: Han Yilong , Xu Zhibin , Li Mengmeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The strength, σy, of a polycrystal decreases with mean grain diameter D at D ≳ 50 atoms (i.e. Hall-Petch behaviour) and increases at D ≲ 50 (i.e. inverse-Hall-Petch behaviour). Our simulations generalise σy(D) to σy(D, l), where l is the mean thickness of grain boundaries. For various particle compositions, the maximum strength is reached at (D, l) ≃ (50, 6) particles for single-component facecentred-cubic solids and at (D, l) ≃ (50, 2) for bidispersed or body-centred-cubic solids because of the different activation stresses of dislocation motions. The results explain recent alloy experiments and provide a way to exceed the maximum strength of polycrystals. Ductility and elastic moduli are also measured in the broad (D, l) space. The regimes without a strength–ductility trade-off, the maximum ductility and ductile–brittle transitions are identified. These results obtained in (D, l) space are important in solid mechanics and can guide the fabrication of crystalline–amorphous composites with outstanding mechanical properties.
Cultural Influences on Personality Types: A Cluster Analysis of HEXACO Traits in Japan
Authors: Tokiwa Eisuke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study aims to identify personality types among Japanese individuals using the HEXACO model, employing cluster analysis based on over 13,000 data points. While research on personality traits has made significant advancements, the existence of personality types remains a subject of debate. To overcome the limitations of existing clustering methods, we applied a combination of Ward’s method and k-means clustering, identifying seven distinct personality types. These types correspond to those suggested by previous studies, while also reflecting unique characteristics of Japanese culture, offering new insights into the personality structure of Japanese individuals. Additionally, the importance of the Honesty-Humility factor within the context of Japanese social norms was highlighted, illustrating the influence of cultural factors on the formation of personality types.
AI-Based Anomaly Detection in Maritime Traffic
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Umair , Syed Muhammad Umer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) plays a crucial part in delivering essential messages concerning maritime traffic. This paper provides a detailed analysis and review of maritime traffic & AIS data systems; their importance and application domains. A detailed review of various techniques and approaches being used for Maritime Anomaly Detection (an important task in the field of maritime surveillance) has been made. Moreover, the emerging trends in use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), entailing both Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), have also been elaborated. Finally, we use the historical AIS dataset of the US Coastguard to reconstruct the trajectories of vessels and pro- pose Support Vector Regression (SVR), an advanced form of Support Vector Machine (SVM), for the searching anomaly within the data. 1
Polyphenol Inhibition of Human Pancreatic Lipase: An In-Silico Study Towards Obesity Control
Authors: Upadhyaya Siddha Raj , Bashyal Jyoti , Raut Bimal Kumar , Parajuli Niranjan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Inhibiting human pancreatic lipase (EC3.1.1.3), a key enzyme in dietary fat breakdown and absorption, is an effective therapeutic approach for obesity control. Polyphenols, due to their multifaceted structure, enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and modulate gut microbiota, offering synergistic effects in controlling obesity.
Methods: Considering the adverse side effects associated with current anti-obesity therapeutics, we explored a library of polyphenols known for their antiobesity properties to explicitly potent HPL inhibitors through extensive in-silicostudy including molecular docking, DFT, MD simulation, PCA, DCCM-based conformational analysis and pharmacokinetic analysis.
Results: Significant binding affinity and interactions with catalytic triad (SER 152, HIS 263, and ASP 176) of HPL through molecular docking, alongside higher MM/GBSA values of -53.29, -52.76, and -53.37 kcal/mol, identified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-p-coumarate, (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate, and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-(3'-O-methyl gallate), respectively, as potent leads. The DFT study and molecular dynamics simulation affirmed the strong reactivity of these compounds in the catalytic site of HPL and stable protein-ligand complex over 100 ns. FEL, PCA, and DCCM analysis also demonstrated these protein-ligand complexes' stable dynamic behavior and conformational changes. Moreover, post-simulation MMPBSA analysis indicated higher binding free energy and favorable ADMET and drug-likeness pharmacokinetic properties asserted these lead potentials as explicit HPL inhibitors with potential for obesity control.
Conclusion: To sum up, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-p-coumarate, (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate, and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-(3'-O-methyl gallate) are identified as promising HPL inhibitors, with potential application in managing obesity due to their stable interaction with the enzyme and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics.
Generating of A Dynamic and Secure S-Box for AES Block Cipher System Based on Modified Hexadecimal Playfair Cipher
Authors: Newroz Nooralddin Abdulrazaq  
Published: October 2024

In today's digital world, the extensive use of devices, including smartphones, tablets, IoT devices, and the internet, emphasizes the necessity for strong security measures. These measures are essential to safeguard both user data and sensitive government information. As technology advances, the enhancement of cryptographic methods becomes imperative, ensuring alignment with this rapid progression. This paper introduces a novel approach to encrypting classified data using the modified AES cipher system. It employs a dynamic and secure substitution byte operation with a 4×4 matrix, replacing the static and public 16×16 S-box found in the original version of AES. To construct the presented S-box, the system makes a secret key of 56 bytes (4×14 Rounds), where each round of the AES-256 utilizes 4 bytes to generate a 4×4 Hexadecimal Playfair matrix. By altering the S-boxes in each round and block (where each block utilizes AES key expansion to generate a 56-byte secret key for the Playfair matrix), it becomes feasible to produce distinct encrypted blocks even when the original blocks remain identical. In terms of security, the effectiveness of the provided method has been verified by experimental and analytical studies including the Avalanche effect, Balanced output, Hamming distance, and Time complexity. The result shows that the Avalanche effect of the proposed method exceeds 50% and increase the time of brute force attack. Moreover, the proposed algorithm exhibits impressive execution speed, handling approximately 200 KB in just one second.
A Comprehensive Review of the Recent Advancements in Imaging Segmentation and Registration Techniques for Glioblastoma and Focusing on the Utilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) Scans
Authors: Alnawafleh Tasnim M. , Radzi Yasmin , Alshipli Marwan , Oglat Ammar A. , Alflahat Ahmad 
Published: October 2024

:
The most common primary malignant brain tumor is glioblastoma. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) diagnosis is difficult. However, image
segmentation and registration methods may simplify and automate Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan
analysis. Medical practitioners and researchers can better identify and characterize glioblastoma tumors using this technology. Many segmentation
and registration approaches have been proposed recently. Note that these approaches are not fully compiled. This review efficiently and critically
evaluates the state-of-the-art segmentation and registration techniques for MRI and CT GBM images, providing researchers, medical professionals,
and students with a wealth of knowledge to advance GBM imaging and inform decision-making. GBM's origins and development have been
examined, along with medical imaging methods used to diagnose tumors. Image segmentation and registration were examined, showing their
importance in this difficult task. Frequently encountered glioblastoma segmentation and registration issues were examined. Based on these
theoretical foundations, recent image segmentation and registration advances were critically analyzed. Additionally, evaluation measures for
analytical efforts were thoroughly reviewed.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Sushartami Wiwik 
Published: October 2024

Tourism has served as and remains a significant driver of national development in many countries. Adopting a critical perspective in the field of tourism studies towards this circumstance will be advantageous for both the tourism sector and academia. The Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies contributes to the broader field of tourism studies, which aims to enhance the prosperity of the worldwide community. The current edition of the Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies contains the five articles listed below:The Impact Between Self-Efficacy and Community Engagement on Psychological Empowerment in a Gender-Focused Tourism Curriculum: Insights from the WTIDcamp 2023 ProgramImplementasi Geointerpretasi berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Destinasi Wisata Minat Khusus Gua Cerme, Bantul, YogyakartaVoluntrip atau Voluntrap? Mengungkap Permasalahan Etis dalam Voluntourism for Profit: Studi Kasus Project Bakti Milenial #6 Banda NeiraBehind Many Visages: The Waluku Cultivating Civilization Tour as Part of the Visitor Flow Management Program in the Borobudur DistrictKrisis Kelembagaan Pariwisata: Studi Kasus Kampung Susu Lawu, Magetan, Jawa TimurThe Gadjah Mada Journal of Tourism Studies aims to promote the growth of tourism studies in the framework of scientific production and benefit a wider range of practical areas of the tourism industry by allowing for more critical and in-depth discussion in each article.
Sustainable Homestay Marketing Strategy: Triple Bottom Line Implementation for Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery in Pulesari Tourism Village
Authors: Pratama Oktarini , Sari Rini Eka , Kuntari Erlina Ndaru , Nilzam Aly M 
Published: October 2024

The development of tourism villages is an important issue in implementing sustainable tourism principles related to the triple bottom line concept. Pulesari Village is expected to become a tourist village that is able to integrate economic (profit), social (people), and environmental (planet) interests in managing its homestay business. The purpose of this research is to understand the homestay marketing model carried out by the Pulesari Tourism Village Manager in relation to the triple bottom line concept. This research uses data collection techniques through non-participatory observation, in depth interviews, and documentation. The results of this study found that the community owns assets in the form of homestays and is managed professionally together with an institution formed by the village. A percentage profit-sharing system is used as an instrument for sharing income from homestay management. However, efforts to maintain environmental quality are still not the main promotional material because there are still weaknesses, especially in waste management. The community as part of the subject of economic activity in Pulesari Tourism Village needs to be further involved in the process of homestay management and marketing while balancing economic, social and environmental interests.
‘Feeling more like a mechanic’ – A qualitative study on experiences of caries prevention to patients with recurrent cavities among experienced dentists
Authors: Sunnegårdh-Grönberg Karin , Molin Jenny , Flink Håkan , Marie Lindgren Britt- 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To explore experiences of caries prevention in adult patients with recurrent cavities among experienced dentists.
Method: Five focus group discussions consisting of seven men and nine women, 38–61 years of age, and with working experience as dentists between 5 and 35 years, were conducted. The participants represented Public Dental Health Service clinics and private practitioners. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data.
Results: The participants emphasized the importance of effective communication and patient engagement in caries prevention. They described their experiences as an endless trail, making fillings. They expressed their inability to take necessary responsibility and being stuck in the dental care system due to various circumstances. The understanding of caries was contradictory, and an inadequate mandate to control time to fulfill their preventive work was evident. They felt responsible to do the best for their patients, but how to share responsibility with colleagues and patients and having enough time for this seemed difficult and unclear. These problems did not motivate to further education in cariology.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the urgent need for improvement in preventive caries treatment and the necessity of allocating sufficient time for dentists to engage in this crucial aspect of their work.
Positive avvik i videregående opplæring: Hvor finnes de og hva kan vi lære av dem?
Authors: Nesset Mælan Ellen , Jarmann Anne Veslemøy , Sønderskov Mette 
Published: October 2024

Det eksisterer omfattende kunnskap om behovet for tidlig innsats, samt om ulike risikofaktorer og kjennetegn ved ungdommer som står i fare for å falle utenfor utdanning og/eller arbeidsliv. Vi vet at gjennomføring av videregående skole er særskilt viktig i innsatsen for å redusere ungt utenforskap. Det finnes imidlertid mindre kunnskap om hva som gjør at noen unge ikke faller fra, til tross for sårbare livssituasjoner. I denne artikkelen utforskes slike «positive avvik» gjennom en kvalitativ studie basert på intervjuer med seks elever og fire ansatte (to fagarbeidere og to ledere) på en videregående skole. Vi har gjennomført en tematisk analyse der vi har identifisert positivt avvikende praksiser som har bidratt til deltakelse i videregående opplæring for ungdommer i risiko for utenforskap. Resultatene viser at det spesielt dreier seg om måten fagarbeidere utfører jobben sin på, som gjennom dynamiske prosesser bidrar til å øke elevenes deltakelse. Det er også funn som tyder på at fagarbeidernes praksis kan bidra til å transformere skolens kapasitetsbygging.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Positive Deviant Practices in Upper Secondary School: Where are They and What Can We Learn from Them?
There is extensive knowledge about various risk factors and characteristics of youth at risk of disengaging from education and/or working life, and the value of completion of upper secondary school to avoid young peoples’ disengagement. However, there is less knowledge about what prevents some young people from dropping out despite vulnerable life situations. This article explores such “positive deviations” through a qualitative study based on interviews with six students and four staff members (two youth workers and two leaders) at an upper secondary school. We conducted a thematic analysis, identifying positively deviant practices that have contributed to participation in secondary education for at-risk youth. The findings indicate that youth workers carry out concrete and unusual behavioral strategies that is contributing to students’ engagement through dynamic processes. There are also findings suggesting that the practices of youth workers can contribute to transforming schools’ capacity-building.
Academic and social challenges faced by undergraduate EFL students in a non-English-speaking country: Lesson learned from the Indonesian International Students Mobility Awards (IISMA) program
Authors: Nurfitriana Latifah , Ping Maria Teodora , Asih Yuni Utami 
Published: October 2024

Many studies have discussed the challenges faced by international students in English-speaking countries, but little focus on the academic and social challenges in non-English-speaking countries. This study aims to investigate the academic and social challenges faced by undergraduate EFL students in a non-English-speaking country during the Indonesian International Students Mobility Awards (IISMA) program. This case study involved two participants of undergraduate Indonesian students purposively selected from the IISMA program at a state-partnered university in Olomouc, Czech Republic. The data were collected through interviews and reflective journals, and they were analyzed deductively using thematic analysis. The findings show that students have substantial challenges due to the requirement to understand varied English accents and the lack of a shared native language in the IISMA program. However, the students enhanced their English skills by interacting with local people and experiencing social and academic challenges. Despite these limitations, the use of supportive teaching methods and peer interactions enhances students' English proficiency and overall academic experience, even in non-English-speaking contexts like the Czech Republic. This suggests that such approaches could be widely applicable in similar educational environments, offering potential insights for improving language education globally.
Partisipasi Masyarakat Kabupaten Gayo Lues Terhadap Pemanfaatan Kawasan Penyangga (Buffer Zone) Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser
Authors: Harefa Meilinda Suriani , Gunmas Gunmas 
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to know the understanding of society about the benefit of buffer zone around in Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), to know the effort which are done by around of society as living earning and to know the participation of society to manage the buffer zone and also to see the relationship of socio economic to the participation of society. The research is done by the set of questioners and field observation. Society data is obtained at 4 regional districts of research in Sub-Province Gayo Lues to understand that their settlement resides at conservation frontier area and reside at GLNP buffer zone. Most of the people work as a farmer and carry out the cultivation of the plant in benefit the land as the first of their living earning to fulfill their life needed. The participation of society at Sub-Province Gayo Lues based on the result of calculation of questioners of expressed which have high percentage average. From calculation analyze correlation at 4 districts (Blangkejeren District, Kuta Panjang District, Blang Pegayon District and Puteri Betung District) represented Sub-Province Gayo Lues, it was obtained by the result that average didn™t have a significant relationship between socio economic variable to the participation of society.Keywords: Participation society, Gunung Leuser National Park, Sub-Province Gayo Lues, buffer zone