bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les voitures de société : diagnostics et enjeux d’un régime fiscal
Authors: May Xavier , Ermans Thomas , Hooftman Nils 
Published: March 2019

La Belgique compte environ 650 000 voitures de société en 2016 pour un total de 5 700 000 voitures en circulation. On peut estimer qu'environ 100 000 voitures de société entrent, sortent ou circulent en Région bruxelloise chaque jour : celles-ci ont donc très certainement un impact important sur la mobilité régionale. Cet article s'attache d’abord à décrire en quoi consiste le régime fiscal des voitures et les spécificités des voitures concernées. Ensuite, cette note de synthèse décrit les caractéristiques des entreprises qui proposent ces véhicules et le profil des travailleurs qui en bénéficient. Une analyse des distances parcourues par les voitures de société et leur impact sur le trafic automobile est proposée ainsi qu'une estimation de l'impact fiscal et salarial du système. Enfin, une brève analyse des conséquences environnementales des voitures de société est établie concernant tant la production de gaz à effet de serre que l'impact des émissions sur la santé humaine. Une mise en perspective des enjeux et débats liés à la question de la voiture de société à Bruxelles et en Belgique conclut l'article.
Linear and geometric morphometrics as tools to resolve species circumscription in the Pseudolaelia vellozicola complex (Orchidaceae, Laeliinae)
Authors: Menini Neto Luiz , Van den Berg Cássio , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini 
Published: March 2019

Background and aims – Pseudolaelia is a genus endemic to eastern Brazil, with 12 accepted species predominantly distributed across granitic inselbergs of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The aim of the present study was to distinguish between the very similar taxa P. aguadocensis, P. oliveirana, P. regentii and P. vellozicola, using morphometric data acquired as linear measurements and outlines capture with Elliptic Fourier Analysis (EFA) of the floral parts. Material and methods – We sampled 208 specimens from 11 natural populations of the above taxa. We measured 20 floral variables and for the EFA, and we extracted 24 shape variables from the Fourier coefficient matrices, which describe the outlines of the floral parts. In both cases the data were analyzed with multivariate methods (both ordination and clustering). Key results – We could not find morphological discontinuities with sufficient magnitude to consider P. aguadocensis, P. oliveirana and P. regentii as distinct species from P. vellozicola. Conclusions – We propose that P. vellozicola should be considered a polymorphic and widely distributed species, generally supported by both methods.
The role of FokI polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene and vitamin D level in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis occurrence in Medan city, Indonesia
Authors: Sinaga Bintang Yinke Magdalena , Amir Zainuddin , Siagian Parluhutan 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a new problem in the world. Many factors have been associated with MDR-TB occurrence. Some studies have demonstrated a role of vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism in MDR-TB. The aim of this study is to explore the role of FokI polymorphisms of the VDR gene and vitamin D level in MDR-TB occurrence in Medan city, Indonesia.Material and methodsThis is a case-control study. Cases were 43 MDR-TB patients from the MDR-TB polyclinic Adam Malik Hospital in Medan, Indonesia. The control group comprised 56 new pulmonary TB cases with positive AFB sputum smear. Patients who were HIV positive, known to have diabetes mellitus or other severe disease, taking immunosuppressive drugs and vitamin D were excluded for both groups. Genetic polymorphisms of the VDR gene were analyzed using PCR-RFLP. Vitamin D level was analyzed using the ELISA procedure.ResultsThe frequencies of FokI genotypes were FF 39.5%, Ff 53.5%, ff 7.0% for MDR-TB patients and FF 39.3%, Ff 46.4.% and ff 14.3% for controls. There was no significant association between FokI genotype of the VDR gene and MDR-TB. Vitamin D level in MDR-TB was 53.5% sufficient, 39.5% insufficient and 7.0% deficient. Vitamin D level was 41.1% sufficient, 46.4% insufficient and 12.5% deficient in TB non-MDR. There was no significant association between vitamin D level and MDR-TB.ConclusionsNo role of FokI polymorphism of the VDR gene and vitamin D level in MDR-TB occurrence was found.
Prognostic significance of the tumor-stroma ratio in colon carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Solmaz Özgen Arslan 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionDespite developments enabling early diagnosis and treatment of various types of cancer, cancer-related morbidity and mortality remain a major public health problem. Studies have identified numerous factors associated with survival in colorectal carcinoma patients. Tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) in colon cancer: the TSR refers to the proportion of carcinoma relative to the proportion of tumor stroma in a histopathological tumor specimen. Previous studies showed that the TSR was an important prognostic indicator in many solid tumors and that a high TSR was a determinant of a poor outcome in colon cancer. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic importance of the TSR in colon cancer and its relationship with other prognostic factors to determine its utility in planning treatment of colon cancer.Material and methodsNinety-six patients diagnosed with adenocarcinomas were included in the study. The amount of tumor and stroma in tumor areas was determined and the TSR was calculated.ResultsThere was a significant correlation between the TSR and sex, tumor diameter, tumor extended, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymph node involvement.ConclusionsTumor-stroma ratio is a poor prognostic parameter which is associated with prognostic factors and should be recorded in the surgical pathology report. Especially in stage II patients, it should be considered as one of the risk factors for making chemotherapy decisions.
Association between &lt;i&gt;Fbxl5&lt;/i&gt; gene polymorphisms and partial economic traits in Jinghai Yellow chickens
Authors: Yin Xuemei , Yuan Manman , Duan Yanjun , Zhang Shanshan , Wu Yulin , Wang Jinyu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Fbxl5 gene is a member of the F-BOX family
and plays an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis in cells. In
order to reveal the genetic effects of Fbxl5 gene polymorphisms on
body weight (BW) traits and reproductive performance in chickens,
Fbxl5 gene polymorphisms were detected in 363 Jinghai Yellow
chickens by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA
sequencing methods using three primers. With primer 1, three genotypes (BB,
bb, Bb) were detected in the Jinghai Yellow chicken population and two
mutations (g. 14257 T > C and g. 14262 T > C)
were revealed by gene sequencing. With primer 2, two genotypes (EE, Ee) were
detected in the same population and one mutation (g.
19018 G > A), and for primer 3, three genotypes (FF, ff, Ff)
and one mutation (g. 19018 G > A) were detected. Four single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to estimate the frequency
distributions of the eight haplotypes with PHASE 2.1 software. CTCG was the
major haplotype with a frequency of 37.93 %, while the least frequent was
TCTA with a frequency of 2.98 %. The BW of haplotype combination H1H8 was
higher than that of the other haplotypes and was a dominant combination. In
terms of reproductive performance, the age at the first egg of the haplotype
combination H9H1 was later than in the other haplotypes, but the mean egg
weight at 300 days was relatively optimal. The H1H2 haplotype produced the
highest mean egg weight in 300 days, although the total number of eggs in
300 days was smaller in the H2H4 haplotype with the highest at first egg.
Therefore, we can consider using the haplotype combination H1H2 for
selection. The findings of this study expand the theoretical basis of the use
of the Fbxl5 gene in the molecular breeding of poultry.
Soil–atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide in a Mediterranean citrus orchard
Authors: Yang Fulin , Qubaja Rafat , Tatarinov Fyodor , Stern Rafael , Yakir Dan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is used as a tracer of CO2 exchange at
the ecosystem and larger scales. The robustness of this approach depends on
knowledge of the soil contribution to the ecosystem fluxes, which is
uncertain at present. We assessed the spatial and temporal variations in soil
COS and CO2 fluxes in a Mediterranean citrus orchard combining
surface flux chambers and soil concentration gradients. The spatial
heterogeneity in soil COS exchange indicated net uptake below and between
trees of up to 4.6 pmol m−2 s−1 and net emission in sun-exposed
soil between rows of up to 2.6 pmol m−2 s−1, with an overall mean
uptake value of 1.1±0.1 pmol m−2 s−1. Soil COS
concentrations decreased with soil depth from atmospheric levels of ∼450
to ∼100 ppt at 20 cm depth, while CO2 concentrations increased
from ∼400 to ∼5000 ppm. COS flux estimates from the soil
concentration gradients were, on average,
-1.0±0.3 pmol m−2 s−1, consistent with the chamber
measurements. A soil COS flux algorithm driven by soil moisture and
temperature (5 cm depth) and distance from the nearest tree, could explain
75 % of variance in soil COS flux. Soil relative uptake, the normalized
ratio of COS to CO2 fluxes was, on average, -0.4±0.3 and
showed a general exponential response to soil temperature. The results
indicated that soil COS fluxes at our study site were dominated by uptake,
with relatively small net fluxes compared to both soil respiration and
reported canopy COS fluxes. Such a result should facilitate the application of
COS as a powerful tracer of ecosystem CO2 exchange.
Intercomparison of lidar, aircraft, and surface ozone measurements in the San Joaquin Valley during the California Baseline Ozone Transport Study (CABOTS)
Authors: Langford Andrew O. , Alvarez II Raul J. , Kirgis Guillaume , Senff Christoph J. , Caputi Dani , Conley Stephen A. , Faloona Ian C. , Iraci Laura T. , Marrero Josette E. , McNamara Mimi E. , Ryoo Ju-Mee , Yates Emma L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The California Baseline Ozone Transport Study (CABOTS) was
conducted in the late spring and summer of 2016 to investigate the influence
of long-range transport and stratospheric intrusions on surface ozone
(O3) concentrations in California with emphasis on the San Joaquin
Valley (SJV), one of two extreme ozone non-attainment areas in the US.
One of the major objectives of CABOTS was to characterize the vertical
distribution of O3 and aerosols above the SJV to aid in the
identification of elevated transport layers and assess their surface
impacts. To this end, the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL)
deployed the Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) mobile
lidar to the Visalia Municipal Airport (36.315∘ N,
119.392∘ E) in the central SJV between 27 May and 7 August 2016.
Here we compare the TOPAZ ozone retrievals with co-located in situ surface
measurements and nearby regulatory monitors and also with airborne in situ measurements
from the University of California at Davis–Scientific Aviation (SciAv)
Mooney and NASA Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) research aircraft.
Our analysis shows that the lidar and aircraft measurements agree, on
average to within 5 ppbv, the sum of their stated uncertainties of 3 and 2 ppbv, respectively.
The Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) contribution to CMIP6: investigating the causes and consequences of polar amplification
Authors: Smith Doug M. , Screen James A. , Deser Clara , Cohen Judah , Fyfe John C. , García-Serrano Javier , Jung Thomas , Kattsov Vladimir , Matei Daniela , Msadek Rym , Peings Yannick , Sigmond Michael , Ukita Jinro , Yoon Jin-Ho , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Polar amplification – the phenomenon where external radiative
forcing produces a larger change in surface temperature at high latitudes
than the global average – is a key aspect of anthropogenic climate change,
but its causes and consequences are not fully understood. The Polar
Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) contribution to the sixth
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6; Eyring et al., 2016) seeks to
improve our understanding of this phenomenon through a coordinated set of
numerical model experiments documented here. In particular, PAMIP will
address the following primary questions: (1) what are the relative roles of
local sea ice and remote sea surface temperature changes in driving polar
amplification? (2) How does the global climate system respond to changes in
Arctic and Antarctic sea ice? These issues will be addressed with multi-model
simulations that are forced with different combinations of sea ice and/or sea
surface temperatures representing present-day, pre-industrial and future
conditions. The use of three time periods allows the signals of interest to
be diagnosed in multiple ways. Lower-priority tier experiments are proposed
to investigate additional aspects and provide further understanding of the
physical processes. These experiments will address the following specific
questions: what role does ocean–atmosphere coupling play in the response to
sea ice? How and why does the atmospheric response to Arctic sea ice depend
on the pattern of sea ice forcing? How and why does the atmospheric response
to Arctic sea ice depend on the model background state? What have been the
roles of local sea ice and remote sea surface temperature in polar
amplification, and the response to sea ice, over the recent period since
1979? How does the response to sea ice evolve on decadal and longer
timescales? A key goal of PAMIP is to determine the real-world situation using imperfect
climate models. Although the experiments proposed here form a coordinated
set, we anticipate a large spread across models. However, this spread will
be exploited by seeking “emergent constraints” in which model uncertainty
may be reduced by using an observable quantity that physically explains the
intermodel spread. In summary, PAMIP will improve our understanding of the
physical processes that drive polar amplification and its global climate
impacts, thereby reducing the uncertainties in future projections and
predictions of climate change and variability.
R. Scott Frey and the Unfinished Agenda of Unifying Economy and Environment in the World-System from Extraction to Waste
Authors: Gellert Paul K. 
Published: March 2019

This essay discusses Scott Frey’s contributions to our understanding of what he called environmental ‘anti-wealth,’ including his analysis of how it is spread to the peripheries of the world-system, and how Frey’s work intersects with other research, including the author’s own, on the ongoing extraction of value from peripheries. In addition to noting Scott’s generosity as a scholar and mentor, Gellert reflects on Scott’s unfinished agenda research agenda, focused on unifying commodification and waste in the world-system.
Acolhimento, proteção e inserção criativa: Uma reflexão sobre a metodologia do Projeto de Apoio a Refugiados em Roraima (2017-2018).
Authors: Franco de Lima José Carlos 
Published: March 2019

A Pesquisa Ação Participante é uma metodologia que pode ser usada em várias áreas do conhecimento. Partiremos de experiências do Projeto de Apoio aos Refugiados em Roraima (2017-2018) que busca realizar ações de acolhimento, apoio, proteção e inserção dos imigrantes em Roraima, sejam eles refugiados ou residentes temporários. Trabalhamos na perspectiva de construir redes de cooperação envolvendo a UFRR, organizações não-governamentais e humanitárias e voluntariados voltadas ao acolhimento, apoio, proteção e inserção dos imigrantes em Roraima. Iniciamos o projeto com as seguintes ações: ofertas de aulas de português no Centro de Referência dos Imigrantes, Recanto Apuí e Núcleo de Pesquisa em Relações Internacionais; realização de documentários e pesquisas sociais com fins de sensibilizar a opinião pública para o acolhimento e subsidiar ações governamentais, não-governamentais e a auto-organização das comunidades de imigrantes em Roraima; divulgação do projeto junto à imprensa e às redes sociais para informar os interessados e sensibilizar a opinião pública; realização de atividades lúdicas, recreativas e educativas, em especial, junto às crianças e mães abrigadas no Centro de Referência dos Imigrantes do Pintolândia; promoção de campanhas de doação roupas e alimentos; orientação jurídica aos imigrantes na UFRR; participação em reuniões ampliadas de entidades públicas e privadas que desenvolvem ações junto aos refugiados e participação em seminários sobre a situação dos refugiados em Roraima. Em 2018 o português de acolhimento e a orientação jurídica se tornaram projetos independentes. O projeto inicial se concentrou na parceria com a Associação Cultural Locoambia Teatro de Andanças (ASCALTA) no desenvolvimento do Projeto Apuí cujo escopo é a constituição de dois espaços culturais para abrigamento. Uma das características da metodologia do projeto que estamos desenvolvendo é a integração entre extensão, ensino e pesquisa. O que apresentamos a seguir é um esboço da concepção de pesquisa-extensão participante.
REACTIVITY STUDY OF MERCAPTO–SILANE AND SULFIDE–SILANE WITH POLYMER
Authors: Sato Masaki , Mihara Satoshi , Amino Naoya , Dierkes Wilma K. , Blume Anke 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Mercapto–silanes enable an improved silica dispersion state compared with sulfide–silanes in tire tread compounds, which causes a better balance of wet grip and rolling resistance. However, it also causes a higher Mooney viscosity and a shorter scorch time, which results in processing difficulties. The reason for this behavior is not clear. Because the already deeply investigated silica–silane reaction cannot explain the observed effects, the silane–polymer reaction was considered to be responsible and therefore has been evaluated in depth. The reaction between mercapto–silane or sulfide–silane and an olefin instead of a rubber was investigated in terms of reaction possibilities, mechanism, and kinetic aspects by varying the structure of the olefin. The results reveal that mercapto–silanes and sulfide–silanes affect olefins in different ways depending on the structure of the olefin. These results were compared with those in actual tire tread compounds in terms of the in-rubber properties such as the Payne effect and Mooney viscosity. It was confirmed that the different sulfur functions of the silanes interact in a different way with the polymer, which has a significant influence on the processability, silica dispersion state, and also rolling resistance indicator of the final rubber compound.
Economy and Community: Architecture and Demographics of Boardinghouses in the Southside Neighborhood of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1880–1920
Authors: Black Caitlin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Despite the ubiquity of boardinghouses in the United States throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, little historical research has been done about their social significance. Using census data and architectural analysis, this article examines boardinghouses in the Southside neighborhood of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, between 1880 and 1920. Architectural analysis indicates the strategies boardinghouse keepers used to commodify domestic space, including rearticulating the parlor and dining rooms. Also, demographic analysis reveals that in addition to housing a local workforce, Southside boardinghouses contained the elderly, widows and widowers, and young children separated from their families. These populations indicate the vital role of boardinghouses in supplementing social services. In addition, ethnic relationships between boarders and boardinghouse keepers point to the importance of the institution in facilitating immigration and assimilation. These additional social functions demonstrate the significance of boarding to the Southside neighborhood and can be a model for study in other communities.
Role of Debt and Loan Forgiveness/Repayment Programs in Osteopathic Medical Graduates’ Plans to Enter Primary Care
Authors: Scheckel Caleb J. , Richards Jesse , Newman Jessica R. , Kunz Matt , Fangman Ben , Mi Lanyu , Poole Kenneth G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Context
Osteopathic medicine emphasizes partnering with patients to help them attain or maintain health. This philosophy encourages physicians to practice primary care and a mission of improving community health. However, there is currently a shortage of primary care physicians in many areas of the United States.

Objective
To determine whether intended practice patterns of recent graduates of colleges of osteopathic medicine favor primary care and whether practice patterns correlate with medical education debt.

Methods
Responses were analyzed from the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine survey of pending medical school graduates from 2007 through 2016 regarding indebtedness and specialty selection.

Results
The percentage of graduating osteopathic medical students who chose a primary care specialty increased from 28.1% (676 students) in 2007 to 33.2% (1377 students) in 2016. Among graduates, those above the 75th percentile of debt had a general move toward more non–primary care positions, with a value of 74.4% in 2007 and 79.9% in 2016. Graduates below the 25th percentile had a gradual increase in primary care representation, moving from 24.6% in 2007 to 29.4% in 2016. In 2007, graduates with a loan forgiveness/repayment program were more likely to choose primary care over graduates without such a program (OR, 0.681 [95% CI, 0.505-0.920]; P=.02). Analysis of subsequent years showed a declining OR with increasing significance.

Conclusions
Results of this analysis indicated that increased educational debt loan directly influenced physician practice choice. Graduates with high debt burden were more likely to enter primary care fields and use loan forgiveness/repayment programs. Graduates with high debt burden who did not use loan forgiveness/repayment programs were more likely to enter non–primary care specialty fields, with this trend increasing as mean medical school debt increased. This association has implications for policies that could affect choice of primary care. However, further research is needed to fully understand the primary care choice by graduates of colleges of osteopathic medicine.