bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes used to identify acute liver injury: A study in three European data sources
Authors: Forns Joan , Cainzos‐Achirica Miguel , Hellfritzsch Maja , Morros Rosa , Poblador‐Plou Beatriz , Hallas Jesper , Giner‐Soriano Maria , Prados‐Torres Alexandra , Pottegård Anton , Cortés Jordi , Castellsagué Jordi , Jacquot Emmanuelle , Deltour Nicolas , Perez‐Gutthann Susana , Pladevall Manel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeValidating cases of acute liver injury (ALI) in health care data sources is challenging. Previous validation studies reported low positive predictive values (PPVs).MethodsCase validation was undertaken in a study conducted from 2009 to 2014 assessing the risk of ALI in antidepressants users in databases in Spain (EpiChron and SIDIAP) and the Danish National Health Registers. Three ALI definitions were evaluated: primary (specific hospital discharge codes), secondary (specific and nonspecific hospital discharge codes), and tertiary (specific and nonspecific hospital and outpatient codes). The validation included review of patient profiles (EpiChron and SIDIAP) and of clinical data from medical records (EpiChron and Denmark). ALI cases were confirmed when liver enzyme values met a definition by an international working group.ResultsOverall PPVs (95% CIs) for the study ALI definitions were, for the primary ALI definition, 84% (60%‐97%) (EpiChron), 60% (26%‐88%) (SIDIAP), and 74% (60%‐85%) (Denmark); for the secondary ALI definition, 65% (45%‐81%) (EpiChron), 40% (19%‐64%) (SIDIAP), and 70% (64%‐77%) (Denmark); and for the tertiary ALI definition, 25% (18%‐34%) (EpiChron), 8% (7%‐9%) (SIDIAP), and 47% (42%‐52%) (Denmark). The overall PPVs were higher for specific than for nonspecific codes and for hospital discharge than for outpatient codes. The nonspecific code “unspecified jaundice” had high PPVs in Denmark.ConclusionsPPVs obtained apply to patients using antidepressants without preexisting liver disease or ALI risk factors. To maximize validity, studies on ALI should prioritize hospital specific discharge codes and should include hospital codes for unspecified jaundice. Case validation is required when ALI outpatient cases are considered.
Cancer Proteomics and the Elusive Diagnostic Biomarkers
Authors: Bradshaw Ralph A. , Hondermarck Hubert , Rodriguez Henry 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite progress in genomic and proteomic technology and applications, the validation of cancer biomarkers of use as clinical early detection diagnostics has remained elusive. As described in this brief viewpoint, there are now recognized to be many types of clinical biomarkers and proteomic analyses, particularly when combined with other ‘omic analyses, have been effective in many such biomarker identifications. However, in the area of early diagnosis of cancers, the problems associated with the conversion from identification to diagnostic have largely not been overcome. Notably, the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), has been particularly successful in refining the analytical steps needed to tackle this challenging issue and has provided positive insight into how to solve many of the underlying problems. The potential for developing clinical diagnostics for early detection of highly lethal cancers and possible new therapeutic strategies through proteomic analyses, as seen through these CPTAC successes, is more promising than ever.
On thermal strains and residual stresses in the linear theory of anti‐sandwiches
Authors: Javanbakht Z. , Aßmus M. , Naumenko K. , Öchsner A. , Altenbach H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current study aims to formulate the behaviour of anti‐sandwiches that considers residual stresses and thermal strains by means of a layer‐wise approach. To this end, the constitutive equations of classical linear elasticity are extended to form the Duhamel‐Neumann equations. The direct approach is adopted to project the three‐dimensional problem onto two‐dimensional surfaces, i.e., each layer of the anti‐sandwich is modelled as a single surface that represents the overall behaviour of the layer. The formulation of the problem begins with the decoupling of deformation into independent membrane, bending, twisting and transverse shear modes. The infinitesimal deformation measures are set up on the kinematics of the problem and related to the corresponding kinetic measures via the proposed stiffness relations. The resulting boundary value problem is converted into the equivalent weak form by means of a variational approach. The presented set of equations can be solved inexpensively using various computational approaches such as the finite element method.
Host/nonhost status and genetics of resistance in barley against three pathotypes of Magnaporthe blast fungi
Authors: Aghnoum R. , Bvindi C. , Menet G. , D’hoop B. , Maciel J. L. N. , Niks R. E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBlast disease, caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae/grisea species complex, occurs in a wide range of wild and cultivated gramineous plant species including rice, wheat and barley. We inoculated a collection of cultivated (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) and wild (ssp. spontaneum) barley accessions with M. oryzae Oryza pathotype (MoO), Triticum pathotype (MoT) and Pennisetum pathotype (MsP) to quantify the host status of barley, and to identify sources of blast resistance. Unlike wheat, the barley gene pool is rich with sources of complete and partial resistance against Magnaporthe. Cultivated barley appeared a nonhost to MsP, whereas wild barley showed some degree of susceptibility.
All 153 tested rice accessions were resistant to the MoT isolate, suggesting that rice is nonhost to this pathotype. Inoculation of L94/Vada and Vada/SusPtrit RIL mapping populations with MoO and/or MoT isolates of M. oryzae indicated one large effect QTL, designated as Rmoq1, on the short arm of chromosome 7H against the MoT isolate PY 67.1 in both populations. Resistance in L94 to the MoO isolate was due to a different QTL, located at 5H. An association mapping panel of West European barley cultivars also suggested that most QTLs were pathotype specific. Six blast resistance genes found in the biparental and association mapping studies coincided with map positions of powdery mildew resistance genes viz. Mlt, Mla6, Mlg, mlo, Mlj, and Mlhb genes. Our QTL and association mapping analyses do not support the association of the mlo resistance gene with enhanced susceptibility to M. oryzae as reported in literature.
Changes in antibiotic use following implementation of a telehealth stewardship pilot program
Authors: Wilson Brigid M. , Banks Richard E. , Crnich Christopher J. , Ide Emma , Viau Roberto A. , El Chakhtoura Nadim G. , Jones Yvonne R. , Cherry Jason B. , Anderson Brett A. , Jump Robin L. P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStarting in 2016, we initiated a pilot tele-antibiotic stewardship program at 2 rural Veterans Affairs medical centers (VAMCs). Antibiotic days of therapy decreased significantly (P < .05) in the acute and long-term care units at both intervention sites, suggesting that tele-stewardship can effectively support antibiotic stewardship practices in rural VAMCs.
Mathematical modelling of a viscida network
Authors: Mavroyiakoumou C. , Griffiths I. M. , Howell P. D. 
Published: June 2019

We develop a general model to describe a network of interconnected thin viscous sheets, or viscidas, which evolve under the action of surface tension. A junction between two viscidas is analysed by considering a single viscida containing a smoothed corner, where the centreline angle changes rapidly, and then considering the limit as the smoothing tends to zero. The analysis is generalized to derive a simple model for the behaviour at a junction between an arbitrary number of viscidas, which is then coupled to the governing equation for each viscida. We thus obtain a general theory, consisting of $N$ partial differential equations and $3J$ algebraic conservation laws, for a system of $N$ viscidas connected at $J$ junctions. This approach provides a framework to understand the fabrication of microstructured optical fibres containing closely spaced holes separated by interconnected thin viscous struts. We show sample solutions for simple networks with $J=2$ and $N=2$ or 3. We also demonstrate that there is no uniquely defined junction model to describe interconnections between viscidas of different thicknesses.
The Delta Wing in a Non-Uniform Supersonic Stream
Authors: Lance G. N. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA generalised conical field theory is developed and is applied to delta wings in a non-uniform stream. It is shown that a non-uniform stream may be characterised by the downwash at all points in space. The lift of a delta wing is found when the downwash in the wing plane is given as a power series in the co-ordinates in the wing plane. The basis of the conical field theory is described in some detail but the results only of the calculation of the lift distribution for various down washes are given. The solutions of certain integral equations, required in the calculations, are given in the Appendix.
A Note on the Evaluation of the Supersonic Downwash Integral
Authors: Hunn B. A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryTo calculate tail loads in flight it is necessary to know the angle of downwash at all points of the tailplane for any given value of wing incidence. Current trends in aircraft design place the tailplane off the plane of the wing. There exist solutions for the downwash in the z=0 plane for a delta wing with subsonic leading edges. This note gives a form of integral suitable for numerical evaluation which determines the downwash in the plane of symmetry (y=0) of a delta wing with subsonic leading edges. This note also points out an apparent error in Ref. 4 by G. N. Ward and gives a closed form for the downwash at a point whose forward Mach cone totally includes an arrowhead wing with supersonic trailing edges and whose centre line coincides with the axis of the cone.
The Use of an Electrical Potential Analyser for the Calculation of the Pressures on Lifting Surfaces
Authors: Redshaw S. C. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe distribution of pressure over a lifting surface in subsonic potential flow is investigated by means of a three-dimensional electrical potential analyser. It is shown that by using the linear perturbation theory it is possible to obtain the pressure distribution for small angles of incidence, as well as the slope of the lift-incidence curve, easily and rapidly. A comparison with results obtained by vortex theory calculation shows a good agreement in spite of the relatively coarse network which was used for the experiments. There are no practical limitations to the use of a network having a finer mesh, and problems concerning curved and twisted surfaces may also be studied with facility by the use of the potential analyser.
The Theory and Prevention of Undamped Aeroplane Nosewheel Shimmy
Authors: Williams D. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe mathematical theory of nosewheel shimmy is given, with particular reference to twin nosewheel assemblies. It is shown that a sovereign remedy for shimmy is to make the castor length greater than what is here called the “ creep distance,” which in practice is found to be approximately equal to the tyre radius. Lateral flexibility of the oleo leg is disadvantageous but elastic constraint at the pivot is a good feature. The one necessitates an increased castor for stability while the other allows a smaller castor. It is also shown how, by the use of a compact linkage mechanism, the effective castor length can be made independent of the wheel-leg offset and can have any desired value. Model experiments that confirm the theoretical conclusions are described.
Vibration of Isosceles Triangular Plates having the Base Clamped and Other Edges Simply-Supported
Authors: Cox Hugh L. , Klein Bertram 
Published: June 2019

SummaryApproximate solutions are given for the lowest natural frequency
of flexural vibration of isosceles triangular plates which have the equal edges simply-supported and the base clamped. The results are presented graphically to allow rapid determination of a desired fundamental frequency.
Note on the Wave Drags of Untapered Wings with Streamwise Tips at Zero Lift
Authors: Young A. D. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDetailed calculations based on linearised supersonic flow theory have demonstrated in a number of cases the equivalence between the wave drags of yawed or swept wings of constant section and zero lift and the corresponding values in two-dimensional flow. These results and others are shown to follow readily from a general theorem for which a simple proof is given. Some interesting deductions are illustrated in Fig. 3.
Investment Policy and Index Numbers
Authors: Haycocks H. W. , Plymen J. 
Published: June 2019

We have chosen Investment Policy and Index Numbers as the title of this paper, because the origin of the Actuaries' Investment Index is to be found in a paper, The Statistical Groundwork of Investment Policy, by the late C.M. Douglas (T.F.A. 12, 173).The main policy consideration discussed by Douglas was the extent to which offices should invest in equities. Douglas maintained that funds should only be invested in equities if greater security was thereby obtained. To establish the suitability of equities, it was necessary to study the relative variations in equity prices, debenture prices and business activity. For this purpose, index numbers were required.From a study of index numbers covering the period 1924-28 Douglas concluded that share prices were related to the level of business activity, i.e. to the progress of the ‘trade cycle’, equity prices following the cycle directly, and debenture prices following the cycle inversely, but with a different tempo and interval. If, therefore, an investor could judge the future trend of business activity, a sound investment policy could be pursued.In this paper we propose to review some of the developments that have taken place in the principles and practice of investment policy over the last twenty-five years, and to study the contribution to these principles that the Actuaries' Investment Index and other index numbers can provide. In addition, we propose to review the methods used in the construction and maintenance of the Actuaries' Investment Index in the light of current conditions.
Observations on Some Helminth Parasites from Ducks in Southern England
Authors: Soliman K. N. 
Published: June 2019

1. Thirteen different species of helminth parasites were encountered in eighteen ducks (six Muscovy and twelve Khaki Campbells) on a farm in Berkshire. Of these parasites, four were trematodes, five cestodes, three nematodes and one Acanthocephala.Hymenolepis collaris, Trichostrongylus tennis and Filicollis anatis are recorded from the domestic duck in Britain for the first time. Hymenolepis anatina and Hymenohpis abortiva are recorded for the first time in England.
Nematobothrium labeonis n.sp., a Member of the Family Didymozooidae (Trematoda) from a Freshwater Fish
Authors: McClelland W. F. J. 
Published: June 2019

1. Nematobothrium labeonis n. sp. from the orbit of three species of Labeo is described.2. The more recent literature relating to the classification of the genus is considered.3. N. labeonis is contrasted with related species.
The ancient practice of sutra neti leading to velopharyngeal stenosis: case report
Authors: Tiwana H , Virk R S , Gautam V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn ancient yoga technique called sutra neti, which is extensively used in India to keep the sinuses healthy, led to complete velopharyngeal stenosis in a 67-year-old male patient who presented with bilateral nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, anosmia and a change in voice.MethodThe patient was diagnosed by nasal endoscopy using a zero-degree Hopkins rod endoscope, and adhesions were released using coblation.ResultsThe patient had post-operative alleviation of symptoms and a patent velopharyngeal inlet on examination.ConclusionVigorous sutra neti can lead to velopharyngeal stenosis. Release of the stenosis is then required to cure the nasal blockade.
Environmental predictors of livestock predation: a lion's tale
Authors: Robertson J. A. D. , Roodbol M. , Bowles M. D. , Dures S. G. , Rowcliffe J. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNegative interactions between people and large carnivores are common and will probably increase as the human population and livestock production continue to expand. Livestock predation by wild carnivores can significantly affect the livelihoods of farmers, resulting in retaliatory killings and subsequent conflicts between local communities and conservationists. A better understanding of livestock predation patterns could help guide measures to improve both human relationships and coexistence with carnivores. Environmental variables can influence the intensity of livestock predation, are relatively easy to monitor, and could potentially provide a useful predictive framework for targeting mitigation. We chose lion predation of livestock as a model to test whether variations in environmental conditions trigger changes in predation. Analysing 6 years of incident reports for Pandamatenga village in Botswana, an area of high human–lion conflict, we used generalized linear models to show that significantly more attacks coincided with lower moonlight levels and temperatures, and attack severity increased significantly with extreme minimum temperatures. Furthermore, we found a delayed effect of rainfall: lower rainfall was followed by a significantly increased severity of attacks in the following month. Our results suggest that preventative measures, such as introducing deterrents or changing livestock management, could be implemented adaptively based on environmental conditions. This could be a starting point for investigating similar effects in other large carnivores, to reduce livestock attacks and work towards wider human–wildlife coexistence.
Old Smyrna: the Corinthian pottery
Authors: Anderson J. K. 
Published: June 2019

The following catalogue is divided into groups according to stratification. Brief descriptions of each piece and reference to similar vases from other sites are given in the catalogue. The chronological significance of the vases from the destruction level is discussed at the end of Section H.A.Occupation Phase before the Curved Buildings1. Plate 21. Fragment of rim of large krater.Diameter about 0·30.Very pale clay; dark-brown glaze; on the rim groups of short vertical lines; on the shoulder, panel containing hatched maeander; inside, rather streaky glaze varying from dark to light brown.Weinberg holds that this type of krater developed during the Late Geometric period, but the term ‘Late Geometric’, as applied to Corinthian pottery, wants further definition. This piece must belong to the first half of the eighth century.Both high- and low-footed examples are found.Context: Trench H (Plate 74, Squares E-Gxi-xiii), Room XLI between floors at 8·90–8·40.
The Tombs
Authors: Hood Sinclair 
Published: June 2019

Tomb I (Plan, Fig. 2; Plate 49b). This was the original tomb whose collapse led to the discovery of the cemetery. It was also apparently the earliest in point of time, containing four clay vases (1–4) decorated in a fine style which may go back before the destruction of the Last Palace. The main chamber was more or less rectangular (L. 1·90, W. about 2·50), approached by a level dromos (L. 3·00, W. 0·85–90), on the left side of which was a walled recess (L. 1·78, W. 0·75) exactly like the chamber in graves of the pit-cave type as found in the Zafer Papoura cemetery (PT 15 f., and fig. 11a, b). The dromos was entered by an unusually steep ramp descending at an angle of nearly 45 degrees.The tomb was quite intact and unplundered. But the roof of the main chamber had partly collapsed, together with the top of the entrance, so that the upper part of the blocking wall had fallen into the chamber. The solitary burial had been contained in a wooden coffin, set against the south wall of the chamber, of which traces survived together with some indications of the blue paint with which it had been decorated (Plate 49b). The dusky patch indicating the decayed wood of the coffin lay above the floor of the tomb to a depth of between 5 and 10 centimetres over an area of about L. 1·50 m. and W. 0·50 m. The coffin traces began immediately on the floor over most of the area where they occurred, but in some places they were a little above it.
Homer's Iliad and Ours
Authors: Kirk G. S. 
Published: June 2019

Adam Parry's article ‘Have We Homer's Iliad?’ (Yale Classical Studies xx (1966), 177–216) is one of the most readable of recent discussions of Homer. As it happens, I disagree with much of it—but that is not surprising, since much of it is taken up with disagreeing with me. In the pages that follow I shall be primarily concerned to question the validity of some of the author's detailed arguments and to probe some of his underlying assumptions.First we should note the general position that Adam Parry, by the end of his study, occupies. It is the apparently old-fashioned one that Homer wrote down, or had someone else write down, virtually every word of the Iliad (and presumably also the Odyssey) as we have it. Yet it differs from extreme Unitarianism, and takes account of Milman Parry, by accepting that Homer belonged to an oral tradition and composed his poetry, at least at the detailed level, by traditional means. He did not construct his verses like a fully literate poet, but used the new technique of alphabetic writing for the development of traditional, unlettered poetry into the extended form and complex texture of an Iliad.
κυαμοτρὼξ Ἀττικός in Paulus Silentiarius, Descriptio 125: No Allusion to Simplicius
Authors: McCail Ronald C. 
Published: June 2019

In a recent discussion of the fortunes of the neoplatonist Academy at Athens after A.D. 529, Mr A. Cameron has interpreted lines 125–7 of Paul the Silentiary's Description of St Sophia as an allusion to Simplicius:'Tis no bean-eating Athenian who judges these lines, but men of piety and like disposition, men in whom both God and Emperor take pleasure. The clear implication of this abrupt and pointed allusion is that there were in Athens impious men of ‘unlike disposition’ in whom neither God nor Emperor took pleasure… The obvious candidate for Paul's barb would seem to be Simplicius…
Passages from Aristophanes and Euripides
Authors: Morrison J.S. 
Published: June 2019

The passage on which I wish to comment comes near the beginning of the Parabasis and was written between spring 420 and winter 417 as part of the second version of the play. Aristophanes expresses his disappointment in the sophoi for whom he took the trouble to write the play. He had tried it out on them thinking them an intelligent audience, but had been undeservedly defeated. ‘Nevertheless’, he says, ‘in spite of that defeat I will not betray the intelligent. For ever since, in this theatre, an audience whom it is a pleasure to mention gave the best of receptions to “the Good Boy and the Impudent Boy” …from that moment I have with you sure guarantees of your goodwill.And then Aristophanes proceeds to list the merits of his comedies in general.
The State Immunity Act of Canada
Authors: Molot H. L. , Jewett M. L. 
Published: June 2019

SommaireLa loi sur l’immunité des Etats de 1982 sert à restreindre définitivement et par tout le Canada, la portée du principe de l’immunité souveraine. On trouve les origines de cette loi dans les développements légaux des Etats-Unis, du Royaume-Uni et des pays de l’Europe occidentale qui, comme le Canada, répondaient à l’avantage inégal d’une immunité absolue devant les cours nationales possédé par l’Etat étranger exerçant une activité commerciale sur le territoire national. On discute des articles les plus importants de cette loi (par exemple, le sens d’une activité commerciale, de se soumettre à la juridiction, de l’exécution des jugements) et des articles comparables des lois américaines et anglaises.