bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencing of the TROP2 gene suppresses proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ma Hai , Yang Liu , Yang Hongchun , He Zhenxing 
Published: January 2019

Objectives Overexpression of human trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) has been observed in many cancers; however, its roles in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the function of Trop2 in HCC. Methods Trop2 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in HCC tissues. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were respectively measured by CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell, and wound healing assays. Expression levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related proteins and Trop2 protein in HCC cell lines were detected by western blotting after silencing of the TROP2 gene. Results Trop2 protein was highly expressed in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Trop2 mRNA and protein expression levels decreased in HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells after transfection with Trop2 siRNA. Silencing of the TROP2 gene in HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells strongly inhibited cell proliferation and migration, while enhancing cell apoptosis. Investigation of the molecular mechanism revealed that silencing of the TROP2 gene suppressed epithelial–mesenchymal transition of HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells. Conclusions The results of the present study may improve understanding of the role of Trop2 in regulation of cell proliferation and invasion, and may aid in development of novel therapy for HCC.
The Oxygen Delivery Characteristics of the Hudson Oxy-one Face Mask
Authors: Milross J. , Young I. H. , Donnelly P. 
Published: January 2019

The inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) delivered by the Hudson Oxy-one face mask was measured under changing conditions of ventilation, oxygen flow rate to mask, and mask fit. A single trained subject sat in a body plethysmograph to measure ventilation and breathed at a constant rate of 15 per minute at three different tidal volumes, of approximately 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 litres, from the mouthpiece in the plethysmograph. The Oxy-one face mask was fitted to a plaster-of Paris face model on the outside of the plethysmograph in a loose and then in a tight fashion. Oxygen concentration was continuously monitored from a point in the metal tube connecting the face model to the mouthpiece. The tightly fitting mask demonstrated an orderly reduction in FIO2 as ventilation increased and oxygen flow rate to the mask decreased. The mean FIO2 at a ventilation of 4.5 l.min-1 and 8 l.min-1 oxygen flow was 78% and this fell to 27% at a ventilation of 16 l.min-1 and oxygen flow of 2 l.min-1. The loosely fitting mask demonstrated larger SD of measurements and lower mean maximum FIO2 values of 46 to 49% and these fell in an irregular fashion to similar minimum values as ventilation increased and oxygen flow decreased. Although the precise definition of the FIO2 for each breath from the changing concentration during each inspiration was not possible, these results indicate that FIO2 changes in a predictable way as a function of ventilation and oxygen flow, if the mask is close fitting. This method could be conveniently used to study other oxygen delivery systems.
Clinical Experience with Atracurium during Prolonged Anaesthesia
Authors: Staun P. , Eriksson L. I. , Cederholm I. , Lennmarken C. 
Published: January 2019

The pharmacodynamic properties of repeated injections of atracurium were studied in twenty-two patients. A control group received narcotic-based anaesthesia while another group received the same narcotic-based anaesthesia subsequently modified by the addition of 0.5% isoflurane. The twitch response of the adductor pollicis muscle was recorded after train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. Duration of effect and recovery time were measured. A bolus dose of atracurium (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) was given for tracheal intubation and maintenance doses of 0.2 mg/kg b.w. were given during anaesthesia at a TOF ratio of 0.25. Mean duration of anaesthesia was 7.5 hours (range 3–19). In the control group mean duration of effect and mean recovery time remained unchanged (six doses studied). A noteworthy inter-individual variation was found. In the isoflurane group mean duration of effect increased from 36.1 (SD 6.3) minutes to 42.2 (SD 8.1) minutes (P<0.05) following the addition of isoflurane. Corresponding recovery times remained unchanged. We conclude that during repeated administration of atracurium during narcotic-based anaesthesia, each patient shows a constant interval between requirements for maintenance doses of atracurium of 0.2 mg/kg b.w. Addition of 0.5% isoflurane causes a moderate prolongation of the duration of effect, but recovery time remains unchanged.
Arterial and Mixed Venous Blood Gas Status during Apnoea of Intubation — Proof of the Christiansen-Douglas-Haldane Effect in Vivo
Authors: Mertzlufft F. O. , Brandt L. , Stanton-Hicks M. , Dick W. 
Published: January 2019

The Christiansen-Douglas-Haldane effect, in short the Haldane effect, describes the dependence of the CO2 binding of blood on the degree of oxygenation of haemoglobin. Under the physiological conditions of an ‘open’ system between blood and alveoli the partial pressure of arterial C02 (PaCO2), must be less than that of mixed venous blood (P[Formula: see text]CO2). During the unphysiological conditions of a ‘closed’ system, e.g. hyperoxic apnoea, i.e. continuous oxygen uptake without CO2 delivery by the lungs, the Paco2 will not only approximate the P[Formula: see text]CO2 but will even exceed it. Without the Haldane effect, rapid adjustment of Paco2 to P[Formula: see text]CO2 would be expected during apnoea due to the lack of CO2 excretion. If however, as undertaken in this study, ongoing oxygenation (high alveolar Po2 (PACO2) with concomitant lack of C02 delivery (apnoea, i. e. the C02 concentration remains constant) lead to a continuing sufficient oxygenation of blood during its passage through the lung capillaries, then this leads to a rightwards shift of the CO2 binding curve — the Haldane effect. The resulting increase in Pco2 as shown here actually leads to an arterial-mixed venous CO2 partial pressure difference (a[Formula: see text]DPco2) of 2.8±1.8 mmHg. The results described substantiate for the first time the existence of the Haldane effect under clinical conditions.
Kinematics and Laxity of the Ankle Joint in Anatomic and Nonanatomic Anterior Talofibular Ligament Repair: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study
Authors: Shoji Hiroaki , Teramoto Atsushi , Sakakibara Yuzuru , Kamiya Tomoaki , Watanabe Kota , Fujie Hiromichi , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: January 2019

Background: Although it is crucial to accurately identify the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) attachment site, it may not be feasible to fully observe the ATFL attachment site during arthroscopic surgery. As a result, the repair position might often be an unintentionally nonanatomic ATFL attachment site. Hypothesis: Anatomic ATFL repair restores kinematics and laxity to the ankle joint, while nonanatomic ATFL repair does not. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seven normal fresh-frozen human cadaveric ankles were used. The ankles were tested with a 6 degrees of freedom robotic system. The following ankle states were evaluated: intact, ATFL injured, ATFL anatomic repair, and ATFL nonanatomic repair. The ATFL nonanatomic repair position was set 8 mm proximal from the center of the ATFL attachment site of the fibula. For each state, a passive plantarflexion (PF)–dorsiflexion (DF) kinematics test and a multidirectional loading test (anterior forces, inversion moment, and internal rotation moment) were performed. Results: The kinematics and laxity of the anatomic repair were not significantly different from those of the intact state. In nonanatomic repair, the inversion-eversion angle showed significant inversion (3.0°-3.4°) from 5° to 15° of DF, and the internal rotation–external rotation angle showed significant internal rotation (2.0°) at neutral PF-DF versus the intact state. In addition, internal rotation laxity was significantly increased (5.5°-5.8°) relative to the intact state in the nonanatomic repair at 30° and 15° of PF. There were no significant differences in anterior-posterior translation between the repairs. Conclusion: Although the anatomic ATFL repair state did not show significant differences in kinematics and laxity relative to the intact state, the nonanatomic ATFL repair state demonstrated significant inversion and internal rotation kinematics and internal rotation laxity when compared with the intact state. Clinical Relevance: Nonanatomic repair alters kinematics and laxity from the intact condition.
Remission and low disease activity state (LDAS) are protective of intermediate and long-term outcomes in SLE patients. Results from LUMINA (LXXVIII), a multiethnic, multicenter US cohort
Authors: Alarcón G.S. , Ugarte-Gil M.F. , Pons-Estel G. , Vilá L.M. , Reveille J.D. , McGwin G. 
Published: January 2019

Objective The objective of this report is to determine the impact of remission and low disease activity state (LDAS) on damage accrual and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Patients and methods Visits from the Lupus in Minority populations: Nature vs. Nurture (LUMINA) cohort were categorized into remission (Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM) score = 0 and prednisone ≤ 5 mg/day and no immunosuppressants), LDAS ((not on remission), SLAM score ≤ 3, prednisone ≤ 7.5 mg/day, no immunosuppressants), or neither: active. Remission and LDAS visits were combined because of the relatively small number of remission visits. Their impact on damage accrual and mortality were examined by Poisson and logistic multivariable regressions adjusting for variables known to affect these outcomes. Results A total of 3879 visits for 558 patients (28% Caucasian, 37% African descent, 35% Hispanic) were studied. These visits corresponded to 71 in remission, 585 in LDAS, and 3223 active. The longer the percentage of time the patients were in remission/LDAS, the less damage accrual observed (rate ratio 0.1773 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1216 to 0.2584) p < 0.0001). A trend was observed in terms of mortality although statistical significance was not reached (odds ratio 0.303 (95% CI 0.063 to 1.456), p = 0.1360). Conclusions The longer the patient's state on Remission/LDAS, the less damage accrual that occurs. The protective effect on mortality was not statistically significant.
Solid Particle Erosion of Knitted Glass Fabric-Reinforced Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Composites
Authors: Moos E. , Karger-Kocsis J. 
Published: January 2019

The erosion behaviour of knitted fabric-reinforced glass fibre (GF)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-composites was investigated by solid particle impact with irregularly shaped corundum particles. Angular (30° to 90°) and morphological (matrix crystallinity) dependencies of the wear rate were studied. The specific erosion wear rate was recorded and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations have been performed to describe the wear mechanisms. In general, high erosive wear rates were detected. A maximum erosion rate was found at impacting angles of 60° for all investigated composites. At normal impact (90°) lower wear rates were observed which depended also on the matrix crystallinity. The erosion wear rate increased with increasing crystallinity, knit stretching and annealing (crystallinity change by cold crystallisation). No influence was found for the erosion direction when tests were performed in wale (WD) and course (CD) direction of the knit, respectively. SEM micrographs supported the semi-brittle wear behaviour showing brittle fracture of the glass fibres and the ductile deformation of the PET matrix.
Pultrusion of Micro-Braided GF/PA6 Yarn
Authors: Bechtold G. , Sakaguchi M. , Friedrich K. , Hamada H. 
Published: January 2019

The present paper reports about experimental investigations on a new type of thermoplastic intermediate material (TP-prepreg). Today, most processes for producing fibre reinforced composite parts with thermoplastic matrices require expensive prepregs like pre-impregnated tapes or hybrid yarns (commingled yarns or powder impregnated yarns). The microbraiding technique offers some advantages compared to existing prepregs: Microbraided yarns can be produced directly by the user by a microbraiding process requiring only glass rovings and polymer rovings, and at the same time, the user is free of any restrictions on fibre/matrix combinations or reinforcement fibre content. Glass Fibre/Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6) microbraided yarn was compared to commercially available GF/PA6 tape concerning the use in a pultrusion process. For mechanical characterisation, shear strength and bending strength were determined. The processing parameters such as preheating temperature, heated die temperature and pulling speed were varied.
Psychosocial Depression Interventions for Dialysis Patients, With Attention to Latinos: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sullivan John E. , Choi Namkee G. , Vazquez Christian E. , Neaves Margaret A. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: Depression is a common and debilitating condition that often goes undetected and untreated among people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We conducted a scoping review to identify psychosocial depression interventions for adult dialysis patients and gaps in depression care, with particular attention to Latinos, a group disproportionately affected by ESRD in the United States. Methods: We searched electronic databases and grey literature sources for studies in English and Spanish. Results: We found 36 studies including cognitive behavioral, problem-solving, hope, psychoeducation, expressive writing, and physical activity interventions. Twelve studies (33%) were U.S.-based, while the rest were conducted elsewhere. U.S.-based studies involved mostly individual-format cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions carried out during dialysis. CBTs showed the most promising effect on depression in both randomized clinical and quasi-experimental studies. Among 22 randomized trials reviewed, 1 reported participants with Latino/Hispanic ethnicity. Conclusions: More intervention research is needed for depression treatment with ESRD patients, especially Latinos.
Long-term outcomes of lateral tunneled transposed brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistulas in elderly hemodialysis patient
Authors: Lin Yen-Chin , Huang Yu-Ying , Lin Ming-Yen , Chiu Yi-Wen , Lim Lee-Moay , Hsieh Chong-Chao 
Published: January 2019

Background: Arteriovenous fistula is recommended for the general dialysis population, but its use remains controversial in the elderly population. We evaluated the long-term outcomes of lateral tunneled transposed brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistulas in older patients who underwent hemodialysis. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients who received a two-stage transposed brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula in a medical center from May 2005 to January 2014. The patients were followed up from the fistula placement date until any intervention, death, failure, January 2015, or the end of the sixth year. Death and arteriovenous fistula failure during the observation period were considered as adverse outcomes, and the cause of death was identified. The cumulative patency rate was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier approach to reveal the long-term outcomes of this procedure. Results: Among the 66 patients who underwent surgery, the average age was 65.8 ± 13.5 years and the majority were females (62.1%). After a median follow-up of 20.6 months, 19 patients died, 12 (18.2%) received vascular intervention, and 3 experienced fistula failure. No significant difference was observed in the 6-year cumulative patency rates between younger and older adults (96.3% vs 80.3%, p = 0.58). None of the deaths during the observation period were related to bloodstream infection. Conclusion: A two-stage lateral tunneled transposed brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula can be applied to patients undergoing hemodialysis, regardless of age.
Measuring health status and symptom burden using a web-based mHealth application in patients with heart failure
Authors: Baik Dawon , Reading Meghan , Jia Haomiao , Grossman Lisa V , Masterson Creber Ruth 
Published: January 2019

Background: Symptoms of heart failure markedly impair a patient’s health status. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of health status in a sample of racially and ethnically diverse patients with heart failure using a web-based mobile health application, mi.Symptoms. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at an urban academic medical center. Patients with heart failure self-reported symptoms using validated symptom instruments (e.g. patient-reported outcome measurement information system) by way of the mobile health application, mi.Symptoms. The primary study outcome was health status, measured with the Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire clinical summary score. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean age of the sample ( n=168) was 58.7 (±12.5) years, 37% were women, 36% were Black, 36% identified as Hispanic/Latino, 48% were classified as New York Heart Association class III, and 44% reported not having enough income to make ends meet. Predictors of better health status in heart failure included higher physical function ( β=0.89, p=0.001) and ability to participate in social roles and activities ( β=0.58, p=0.002), and predictors of poorer health status were New York Heart Association class IV ( β=−11.68, p=0.006) and dyspnea ( β=−0.77, p<0.001). The predictors accounted for 73% of the variance in health status. Conclusion: Patient-centered interventions should focus on modifiable risk factors that reduce dyspnea, improve functional status, and enhance engagement in social roles to improve the health status of patients with heart failure.
Rural Primary Care Offices and Cancer Survivorship Care: Part of the Care Trajectory for Cancer Survivors
Authors: Berry-Stoelzle Maresi , Parang Kim , Daly Jeanette 
Published: January 2019

Background: A cancer diagnosis is a monumental event in a patient’s life and with the number of cancer survivors increasing; most of these patients will be taken care of by a primary care provider at some point after their cancer therapy. The purpose of this study is to identify primary care physician’s needs to care for a patient who has had cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the physician members of the Iowa Research Network was conducted. The survey was designed to measure physician confidence in cancer survivor’s care, office strategies regarding cancer survivorship care, and resources available for patients with cancer. Two hundred seventy-four Iowa Research Network members were invited to participate in this survey. Results: Eighty-two physicians (30%) completed the questionnaire with 96% reporting that they are aware of their patient’s cancer survivorship status. Seventy-one physicians reported they were aware of cancer survivorship status by an oncologist sending a note to the office, 68 being diagnosed in their office, 61 by the patient keeping the office apprised, and 15 receiving a survivorship care plan. Physicians reported the top changes in a cancer survivor’s physical health as fatigue (81%) and pain (59%). Sixty-two physicians reported not feeling confident for managing chemobrain, cardiotoxicity (71%), and skin changes (35%). Male physicians were significantly more confident managing patients’ skin changes ( P = .049) and musculoskeletal disturbances than female physicians ( P = .027), while female physicians were significantly more confident managing early-onset menopause than male physicians ( P = .027). Conclusion: Most respondents are aware of their patients who are cancer survivors and are mostly confident in the care they provide for them related to long-term effects and side effects of cancer therapies with limited receipt of cancer survivorship care plans.
Effectiveness of psychological treatments for depression and alcohol use disorder delivered by community-based counsellors: two pragmatic randomised controlled trials within primary healthcare in Nepal
Authors: Jordans Mark J. D. , Luitel Nagendra P. , Garman Emily , Kohrt Brandon A. , Rathod Sujit D. , Shrestha Pragya , Komproe Ivan H. , Lund Crick , Patel Vikram 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundEvidence shows benefits of psychological treatments in low-resource countries, yet few government health systems include psychological services.AimEvaluating the clinical value of adding psychological treatments, delivered by community-based counsellors, to primary care-based mental health services for depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD), as recommended by the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP).MethodTwo randomised controlled trials, separately for depression and AUD, were carried out. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to mental healthcare delivered by mhGAP-trained primary care workers (psychoeducation and psychotropic medicines when indicated), or the same services plus individual psychological treatments (Healthy Activity Program for depression and Counselling for Alcohol Problems). Primary outcomes were symptom severity, measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 item (PHQ-9) for depression and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test for AUD, and functional impairment, measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), at 12 months post-enrolment.ResultsParticipants with depression in the intervention arm (n = 60) had greater reduction in PHQ-9 and WHODAS scores compared with participants in the control (n = 60) (PHQ-9: M = −5.90, 95% CI −7.55 to −4.25, β = −3.68, 95% CI −5.68 to −1.67, P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.66; WHODAS: M = −12.21, 95% CI −19.58 to −4.84, β = −10.74, 95% CI −19.96 to −1.53, P= 0.022, Cohen's d = 0.42). For the AUD trial, no significant effect was found when comparing control (n = 80) and intervention participants (n = 82).ConclusionAdding a psychological treatment delivered by community-based counsellors increases treatment effects for depression compared with only mhGAP-based services by primary health workers 12 months post-treatment.Declaration of interestNone.
Transcryptums
Authors: Cavanagh Sheila L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article brings the psychoanalysis of Bracha L. Ettinger to the question of mourning in the television series Transparent. As evident in the television series, and in everyday life, there is a troubling metonymy linking trans* lives with death. The appeal to death is often in stark contrast to the way trans* people experience their transitions as giving form to a new and invigorating commitment to life. Despite this, there can be something haunting and unspoken bothering familial relations post-transition. These cryptic experiences are well dramatized in Transparent. From a matrixial perspective, a transition always involves Others and rechoreographs intimate relations in conscious and nonconscious ways. Part of what happens post-transition is a non-cognized change in the matrixial web. Because so much of the matrixial is associated with metaphors of reproduction, life and death, it may be that the vocabulary of death (as metonymy of loss) is used to condense a vicissitude of unprocessed experiences in the matrixial. In other words, we lack ways to work through what has been changed in the relationality between intimate Others occasioned by a transition. The signifier “death” thus overwrites interpersonal familial relations. This article offers a way to understand and unpack the metonymic association using three key psychoanalytic concepts: the psychic crypt, the cryptic carriance, and the transcryptum. By bringing these concepts to the question of “mourning without loss” (van der Weele 2017) in Transparent, this article considers how transitions can enable a “working through” of unacknowledged familial trauma passed down between and within generations.