bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus del papiloma humano, sus implicaciones en cavidad bucal; una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Cuevas González María Verónica , Vega Memije2 María Elisa , Zambrano Galván Graciela , García Calderón Alma Graciela , Escalante Macías Lilia Haydé , Villanueva Sánchez Francisco Germán , Maya García Ixchel Araceli , Cuevas González Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2019

Introducción: el dar a conocer las principales características clínicas de la afectación de algunos virus del papiloma humano en cavidad bucal, permite al profesional de la salud identificar factores de riesgo y las principales lesiones asociadas con el mismo, con el fin de brindar atención oportuna, evitando de esta manera el pasar por alto este tipo de lesiones.Características: el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) pertenece a la familia de los Papillomaviridae que mide entre 50-55 nm de diámetro, son virus pequeños de ADN no envueltos, epiteliotrópicos cuyo genoma está formado por cadenas dobles de cADN, este virus se puede llegar a encontrar de forma latente en el organismo durante años sin evidenciar cambios histológicos o clínicos, o bien puede formar papilomas benignos o verrugas cuyas lesiones consisten en tejido hiperplásico con engrosamiento de la capa espinosa del epitelio y un aumento de la proliferación capilar.Resultados: al tratarse de un virus exclusivamente epiteliotrópico la vía de entrada ocurre a través de micro-rupturas del epitelio que expone a las células de la superficie basal al virus, lo cual explica la alta frecuencia con la que se presenta en las poblaciones.Conclusiones: el odontólogo de práctica general debe conocer las generalidades de los virus VPH, de tal manera que cuando identifiquen alguna lesión relacionada con algunos de los subtipos, pueda orientar al paciente y ofrecer un tratamiento acertado cuando así se requiera
PAIN AND THE UNSPOKEN EMOTION: SHAME
Authors: Bath Howard 
Published: April 2019

Anger, fear, and sadness are frequently described emotions that are experienced by many young people in care, but there is another common emotion that is less often named and understood. Shame — the deep sense of not belonging, of being defective or deficient in some way, of feeling unlovable — is a painful and pervasive social emotion that also involves our thinking processes and sense of self-worth. It has been described as a “pit of despair” that “envelops” many young people in care, a toxic force that drives behaviours we struggle to understand including some aggression and self-harm. Referencing Nathanson’s Compass of Shame, this article looks at some common coping strategies as well as masks or proxies of shame including the so-called “impostor” phenomenon – even the “drive for normality” described by James Anglin in 2002 could be seen as an attempt to escape from shame’s isolating clutches. Strategies for helping young people understand and cope with shame, including the fostering of healthy connections and the judicious use of words, are then explored.
Morphological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Experimental Mandibular Fractures Healing Process
Authors: Matchin A. A. , Stadnikov A. A. , Nosov E. V. , Kiriakidi S. Kh. 
Published: April 2019

The aimof the study is histological assessment of the effect of oxytocin local application on mandibular fractures healing.Material and methods.The investigated material was the lower jaw in the fracture zone, fastened by the bone suture method, of 24 Wistar male rats 220–250 g by mass. The preparations were subjected to the same histological processing and studied in light microscope. Reactions with monoclonal antibodies were performed to identify the expression of Ki67, p56, bcl 2, caspasa 3 proteins.Results.It was established that the dynamics of the bone-wound process in mandibular fractures and the operative fastening of fragments by bone suture is characterized by phase. Light-optical and immunocytochemical studies showed the restoration of the integrity of the damaged mandible after the fragments were fixed with bone suture through the proliferation of the cambial layer cells of the periosteum and low-differentiated mesenchymal stromal bone marrow cells. The data obtained indicate that the use of oxytocyte had an optimizing effect on reparative osteogenesis. When this occurs, the correction of elementary reparative processes of histogenesis at the level of expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes of bone tissue cells (decrease in the apoptotic dominant of osteoblasts in terms of p53 expression, inhibition of the enzyme cascade, implementation of programmed cells death in terms of caspasa 3) takes place. At the same time, the activity of the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 gene and the Ki- 67 gene increased in osteoblasts and endothelial cells, which determines the proliferative component of reparative osteogenesis, increased in the regenerate.
Topographic and Anatomical Features of the Human Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord at the 18–21 Weeks of Fetal Ontogenesis
Authors: Shalikova L. O. , Liashchenko D. N. , Galeeva E. N. , Gulina Y. V. , Galiakbarova V. A. , Isengulova A. Y. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of study was to identify anatomical features of the vertebral column and spinal cord, as well as their relationships at the stage of the intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis.Material and methods. The research included the study and analysis of the sectional material of 20 human fetuses of both genders at the 18–21 weeks of their development. The material was obtained as a result of abortion on social indications. The complex of morphological methods such as macro-microscopic preparation, N.I. Pirogov technique of preparations of variously-planared sections, preparation of series of histotopogrammes with van Gieson’s staining was used in the study.Results. The study has revealed that the length of the vertebral column varied from 110±4.9 mm to 122±4.7 mm in the investigated period of ontogenesis. The development of the vertebral column curvatures was observed; thoracic kyphosis being found most commonly (in 80% of cases). The transverse size of the vertebral body was larger than the anterior-posterior size of the vertebral column. There was an asymmetry of holes in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. The character of changes in the vertebral canal was defined, the dynamics of these changes was quantitatively described. The morphometry of the spinal cord was performed in correlation with the spinal column. The largest length of the spinal roots was registered at the level of Sc5. The study demonstrated that development of the spinal cord is subject to the rule of bilateral asymmetry: spinal roots of the same segment on the right and left sides are not always symmetrical and may have different length parameters.Conclusion. Thus, the obtained data on quantitative morphometry and topography of the vertebral column and spinal cord at the 18–21 weeks of the human ontogenesis can be used as the anatomical basis for the developing fetal surgery and diagnostic methods.
Surgical treatment of Ebstein anomaly: A unicenter experience
Authors: AKKAYA Gökmen , BİLEN Çağatay , TUNCER Osman Nuri , AYIK Mehmet Fatih , ATAY Yüksel 
Published: April 2019

Aim: Ebstein
anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac disorder that causing by failure of
delamination of the tricuspid valve. Various surgical methods have been
developed so far as treatment options. Our initial experience and short term
follow up reported herein.Materials and Methods: Ten patients underwent surgical treatment with a diagnosis of
Ebstein anomaly in our center between 2007 and 2017. Two patients underwent one
and a half ventricle repair and Danielson method applied to eight patients. The
X-clamping and cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB) timing, duration in intensive care
unit (ICU), extubation time and need for blood product were compared between
Danielson and one and a half ventricle repair applied patients.Results: There
was no mortality among patients. In the one and a half repair applied group
both X-clamping (p=0.044) and CPB time (p=0.044) was longer compared to
Danielson group. On the other hand there is no significantly difference between
groups in ICU duration (p=0.400) or extubation timing (p=0.889). Furthermore,
need for blood product and amount of drainage were not different between groups
when two infant age cases were excepted while calculating.

Conclusion: Danielson method is safe and effective in the repair of Ebstein anomaly
and can be applied at infant age with similar clinical outcomes. Nevertheless,
one and a half repair option is also beneficial in patients with a large size
atrialized right ventricular volume. The last decision should be confirmed by
heart team considering patient characteristics and surgeons’ past experience.
Field-Scale Evaluation of Re-Injecting the Associating Produced Gas Through the GDWS-AGD EOR Process
Authors: Al-Mudhafar Watheq J , Wojtanowicz Andrew K 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
To date, our feasibility studies [CMTC-502487-MS and SPE-190163-MS] of the Gad and Downhole Water Sink-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GDWS-AGD) process for the South Rumaila oil field have considered using Carbon Dioxide gas injection to enhance recovery from the field. As availibiulity of CO2 is limited and its cost considerable it might be also feasible to use natural gas,, Associated Produced Gas (APG) as an alternative solvent to enhance oil recovery with this process. In the study, efficiency of APG vs. CO2 is compared for the South Rumaila oil field.
In the study, the GDWS-AGD process installation includes 20 vertical APG injection wells are drilled to the top of the reservoir to build a gas cap in the oil pay zone. In addition, eleven horizontal oil-producing wells are placed at the bottom of the oil pay zone with six horizontal water drainage (sink) wells below the oil-water contact (OWC). The two horizontal leg installation may be made from a vertical well with 7-casing dual-completed (from two kick-off points) in the oil payzone and in the bottom water (below OWC) with two horizontal well legs and the two 2-3/8 inch tubings in each well. In a dual-tubing design of the process the two horizontal well legs produce independently. If only one tubing is used production from the water sink well is hydraulically isolated inside the vertical well by a packer. In either design, the water sink well is operated with a submersible pump.
In this study, the GDWS-AGD process with APG is considered for the upper sandstone member/South Rumaila Oil Field, located in Iraq to improve oil recovery. The Rumaila field has an infinite acting-aquifer with very strong edge water drive. In the GDWS-AGD, the bottom water drainage would not only reduce water cut and water cresting, but would also significantly reduce the reservoir pressure, resulting in improving gas injectivity. The study shows considerable improvement with the GDWS-AGD process - oil recovery increased from 76% by CO2 to 83% by APG and water cut was readily controlled resulting in more rapid reduction with APG (from 98% to less than 5%) than that with CO2 in all horizontal oil producers. The results show that the use of APG gas alternative for the GDWS-AGD process not only improves water-cresting control due prompt reduction of water cut, but also enhances gas injectivity and significantly improves oil recovery.
Coupled Hydrodynamic-Geomechanical Modelling of CO2-WAG Field Development at Farnsworth Unit: A Case Study
Authors: McMillan Marcia , Will Robert , Ampomah William , Balch Robert , Czoski Paige 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The SWP project is located in a mature waterflood undergoing conversion to CO2-WAG operations at Farnsworth, Texas, USA. Utilized CO2 is anthropogenic, sourced from a fertilizer and an ethanol plant. Major project goals are optimizing the storage/production balance, ensuring storage permanence, and developing best practices for CCUS.
This paper provides a review of work performed toward development of a 3D coupled Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) for use in assessment of caprock integrity, fault reactivation potential, and evaluation of stress dependent permeability in reservoir forecasting. Mechanical property estimates computed from geophysical logs at selected wellbores were integrated with 3D seismic elastic inversion products to create a 3D "static" mechanical property model sharing the same geological framework as the existing reservoir simulation model including 3 major faults. Stresses in the MEM were initialized from wellbore stress estimates and reservoir simulation pore pressures. One way and two way coupled simulations were performed using a compositional hydrodynamic flow model and geomechanical solvers.
Coupled simulations were performed on history matched primary, secondary (waterflood), and tertiary (CO2 WAG) recovery periods, as well as an optimized WAG prediction period. These simulations suggest that the field has been operating at conditions which are not conducive to either caprock failure or fault reactivation. Two way coupled simulations were performed in which permeability was periodically updated as a function of volumetric strain using the Kozeny-Carmen porosity-permeability relationship. These simulations illustrate the importance of frequent permeability updating when recovery scenarios result in large pressure changes such as in field re-pressurization through waterflood after a long primary depletion recovery period. Conversely, production forecasting results are less sensitive to permeability update frequency when pressure cycles are short and shallow as in WAG cycles.
This paper describes initial work on development of a mechanical earth model for use in assessment of geomechanical risks associated with CCUS operations at FWU. The emphasis of this work is on integration of available geomechanical data for creation of the static mechanical property model. Preliminary coupled hydro-mechanical simulations are presented to illustrate some of the key diagnostic output from coupled simulations which will be used in later work for in depth evaluation of specific risk factors such as induced seismicity and caprock integrity.
Water Shut-Off with Polymer in the Alvheim Field
Authors: Langaas Kåre , Stavland Arne 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Alvheim field, offshore Norway, has subsea wells with long horizontal branches completed with sand screens. After 10 years of production, water production starts to constrain the oil production. Mechanical water shut-off is impossible in these wells, hence other methods are of interest. In a well workover in 2013, two high-viscous polymer pills were bull-headed and squeezed into the reservoir. The well productivity was reduced with around 50% while the water-cut dropped and pointed to potentially 3 mmstb of extra oil recovery. A research study was initiated with the objectives to understand the changed well performance and if polymer bull-heading can be a future method to reduce water production and enhance oil production.
An experimental laboratory program started with filtration tests of polymer solutions based on the polymer used in the well operation. Core flood experiments were performed by injecting polymer into two parallel mounted cores, then back producing these individually with either water or oil. Several combinations of parallel cores were tested with polymer injection: high vs. low permeability, high oil saturation vs. low oil saturation, outcrop sandstone vs. Alvheim core, as well as two different polymer versions.
The polymer recipe as used in the well operation showed to plug standard filters with filter size larger than the reservoir pore sizes but did not plug the cores. The polymer recipe as used in the well gave a better disproportionate permeability reduction (DPR) than the alternative polymer variant with similar viscosity. A theoretical model for the shear rate in the porous media matched the experimental measured data excellent. The core results show a stable permeability reduction factor of 100-450 for water, while only a factor 2-10 and decreasing with time for oil. The achieved DPR ratio of 45-80 is better than the trend from earlier published results.
The DPR as measured in the laboratory was next integrated in the reservoir model as part of the history match of the treated well. The Alvheim field has several reservoir zones separated with thin shales, and this reservoir zonation seems key for this EOR method to work.
The laboratory work, the reservoir studies and the field experience all point to a possible robust and simple EOR method for Alvheim and similar oil fields. The polymer seems to act as a "magic filter", allowing oil to pass while not water. Future work includes more research and maturing a new polymer pilot on Alvheim.
Case Study: Complex Marginal Oil Field Modeling - Fast Transition From Exploration to Development
Authors: Kalinic Vuk , Milei Evgenia , Al-Jeboore Ivan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
As active oil reservoirs mature, marginal fields development and management is becoming increasingly important.
Early identification of high degree reservoir heterogeneity served as starting point for an in-depth analysis for both, geologist and reservoir engineer.
This paper describes complex approach applied during evaluation and development of marginal oil field "Is" located in Serbia (Pannonian Basin).
Effective transition from exploration to development took place in 3 stages.
I-stage: 1 exploration well drilled, detailed analysis (seismic, sedimentology, core, PVT) and interpretation (log, well-test). Identification of vertical heterogeneity led to detailed analysis, which resulted in local depositional environment theory. Integration of seismic attribute and sedimentological analysis results was done. Due to geological uncertainties several 3D models were done for STOIIP range estimation. Recovery factor range was estimated using statistical, analytical and simulation model approach.
II-stage: 1 exploration well and 1 development well drilling and detailed analysis update.
III-stage: drilling of 5 development wells and continuous update of geological and simulation models.
Major uncertainties identified during I-stage were regarding to: reservoir structure, vertical and lateral heterogeneity, major fault permeability and OWC depth. Additionally, existence of active aquifer affected recovery factor estimation range.
I-stage analysis showed that, depending on depositional environment 4 different rock types are presented by conglomerates, conglo-breccia, breccia and metamorphic rocks.
The target formation (conglomerates) were formed by proluvial fan. This deposits are characterized by an alternation of rhythms (fragment size and orientation, conglomerate size, terrigenous material sorting).
Proluvial fan boundaries were detected on the seismic attribute map.
Second exploration well location was a result of multidisciplinary analysis during I-stage. Well was successful and highly informative during II-stage as it proved oil saturation behind major fault, reduced previous STOIIP estimates and confirmed presence of active aquifer.
STOIIP and reservoir structure excluded possibilities for regular/typical well patterns, therefore each well location was carefully selected, while total well number was determined based on estimated recovery factor.
Complex multidisciplinary approach used during this project, can be an example for successful and effective marginal heterogeneous oil field development. Understanding the reasons for reservoir heterogeneity together with confident estimate of recovery factor, gave us success during each new well placement and total well number determination.
Leveraging US Unconventional Data Analytics Learnings in Vaca Muerta Shale Formation.
Authors: Primera Alejandro , Klie Hector , Klie Arturo , Quesada Maria 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Data Analytics is progressively gaining traction as a viable resource to improve forecasts and reserve estimations in most prospective US shale plays. Part of those learnings has been tested for the reserves and resources estimation of the next worldwide top-class shale play, Vaca Muerta formation in Argentina. In this work, we rely on advanced artificial intelligence methods to automate workflows for production forecasting and reserve estimation in the Vaca Muerta formation. To achieve this goal, we develop a computational platform capable of integrating several sequential operations into a single automated workflow: (1) data gathering; (2) data preparation; (3) model fitting and forecasting and, (4) EUR estimation. As new data becomes available, each of these steps is performed automatically. The proposed platform also integrates with advanced business intelligence tools that aid at facilitating graphical interpretation and communication among specialists and decision makers. Hence, the suggested workflow can deliver production forecasts several magnitudes faster than traditional workflows while maintaining accurate and engineering sound results. Having fast and reliable forecast turnarounds allow for timely tracking key differences and commonalities among multiple shale plays to facilitate informed decision strategies in unconventional field evaluation and development.
Investigation of Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics in an Organic-Rich Shale Gas-Condensate Reservoir from the Duvernay Formation
Authors: Penghui Su , Zhaohui Xia , Ping Wang , Liangchao Qu , xiangwen Kong , Wenguang Zhao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Interest has spread to potential unconventional shale reservoirs in the last decades, and they have become an increasingly important source of hydrocarbon. Importantly, pore structure of shale has considerable effects on the storage, seepage and output of the fluids in shale reservoirs so that reliable fractal characteristics are essential. To better understand the evolution characteristics of pore structure for a shale gas condensate reservoir and their influence on liquid hydrocarbon occurrences and reservoir physical properties, we conducted high-pressure mercury intrusion tests (HPMIs), field emission scanning electron microscopies (FESEM), total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis and saturation measurements on samples from the Duvernay formation. Furthermore, the fractal theory is applied to calculate the fractal dimension of the capillary pressure curves, and three fractal dimensions D1, D2 and D3 are obtained. The relationships among the characteristics of the Duvernay shale (TOC, organic matter maturity, fluid saturation), the pore structure parameters (permeability, porosity, median pore size), and the fractal dimensions were investigated.
The results show that the fractal dimension D1 ranges from 2.44 to 2.85, D2 ranges from 2.09 to 2.15 and D3 ranges from 2.35 to 2.48. D2 and D3 have a good positive correlation. The pore system studied mainly consists of organic pores and microfractures, with the percentage of micropores being 50.38%. TOC has a positive relationship with porosity and D3 due to the development of organic pores. D3 has a positive correlation with gas saturation. With increased D3, median pore size shows a decreasing trend and an increase in permeability and porosity, demonstrating that D3 has a large effect on pore size distribution and the heterogeneity of pore size. In general, D3 has a better correlation with petrophysical and petrochemical parameters. Fractal theory can be applied to better understand the pore evolution, pore size distribution and fluid storage capacity of shale reservoirs.