bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unusual source of electromagnetic interference
Authors: Verma Kunal Pradip , Adam David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA 62‐year‐old male presented to his treating cardiologist for routine interrogation of his implantable cardiac defibrillator on the background of severe ischemic cardiomyopathy and end‐stage kidney disease on hemodialysis. The device log revealed multiple paroxysms of atrial fibrillation; however, upon scrutinizing these episodes it was evident that they always corresponded to episodes of hemodialysis while dialyzing through a chronic dialysis catheter, but not while dialyzing via an arteriovenous fistula. We report the novel finding of inappropriate sensing of current leak from the catheter by a lead with a floating atrial dipole.
Inhomogeneous downregulation of INa underlies piceatannol proarrhythmic mechanism in regional ischemia‐reperfusion
Authors: Chang Po‐Cheng , Huang Yu‐Chang , Lee Hui‐Ling , Chang Gwo‐Jyh , Chu Yen , Wen Ming‐Shien , Chou Chung‐Chuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPiceatannol, a grape‐derived polyphenol, has been linked to proarrhythmic properties by aggravating inhomogeneous conduction delay in the ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) zone to enhance arrhythmogenic alternans in heart failure (HF) rabbits. The underlying molecular mechanisms of piceatannol‐induced conduction disturbance were unclear in this model.MethodsHF was induced by 4 weeks’ rapid ventricular pacing. IR injury was induced in vivo using a protocol of left coronary artery ligation and release. Left ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated enzymatically for whole‐cell patch‐clamp studies. Piceatannol (10 μM) was administrated to test its inhibitory effect on sodium current (INa). Immunoblots studies and immunoenzymological staining were conducted in tissues sampled from the IR and remote zones.ResultsPeak INa density was less in failing cardiomyocytes than control cardiomyocytes. IR injury further reduces peak INa density in both groups. Piceatannol showed a greater INa inhibitory effect in HF than control cardiomyocytes. Western blots showed reduced NaV 1.5 protein expression in the HF group compared to the control group but no significant difference between remote and IR zones. Immunostaining showed that IR led to cytosolic redistribution of NaV 1.5, especially in failing hearts.ConclusionsDownregulation of NaV 1.5 protein expression and reduced peak INa density are found in the failing hearts. Piceatannol exerts a greater inhibitory effect on peak INa in the failing cardiomyocytes than in the controls. IR injury further decreases peak INa density, which is more prominent in the failing hearts than in the control hearts.
Exploring the Potential for Multivariate Fragility Representations to Alter Flood Risk Estimates
Authors: Jane Robert A. , Simmonds David J. , Gouldby Ben P. , Simm Jonathan D. , Dalla Valle Luciana , Raby Alison C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn flood risk analysis, limitations in the multivariate statistical models adopted to model the hydraulic load have restricted the probability of a defense suffering structural failure to be expressed conditionally on a single hydraulic loading variable. This is an issue at the coastal level where multiple loadings act on defenses with the exact combination of loadings dictating their failure probabilities. Recently, a methodology containing a multivariate statistical model with the flexibility to robustly capture the dependence structure between the individual loadings was used to derive extreme nearshore loading conditions. Its adoption will permit the incorporation of more precise representations of a structure's vulnerability in future analyses. In this article, a fragility representation of a shingle beach, where the failure probability is expressed over a three‐dimensional loading parameter space—water level, wave height, and period—is derived at two localities. Within the approach, a Gaussian copula is used to capture any dependencies between the simplified geometric parameters of a beach's shape. Beach profiles are simulated from the copula and the failure probability, given the hydraulic load, determined by the reformulated Bradbury barrier inertia parameter model. At one site, substantial differences in the annual failure probability distribution are observed between the new and existing approaches. At the other, the beach only becomes vulnerable after a significant reduction of the crest height with its mean annual failure probability close to that presently predicted. It is concluded that further application of multivariate approaches is likely to yield more effective flood risk management.
Aerobic physical activity assessed with accelerometer, diary, questionnaire, and interview in a Finnish population sample
Authors: Hukkanen Henna , Husu Pauliina , Sievänen Harri , Tokola Kari , Vähä‐Ypyä Henri , Valkeinen Heli , Mäki‐Opas Tomi , Suni Jaana H. , Vasankari Tommi 
Published: June 2018

This study evaluates the agreement between different methods to assess moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a large sample of Finnish adults. Methods were classified and examined pairwise (accelerometer vs diary; questionnaire vs interview). Proportion of participants meeting the aerobic health‐enhancing physical activity (HEPA) recommendation was compared pairwise between all four methods. The present study of 1916 adults aged 18‐75 years (mean age 50 years, 57% women) is a sub‐sample of population‐based Health 2011 Study conducted by the National Institute of Health and Welfare in Finland. Participants used accelerometer for 7 days and completed physical activity (PA) diary during the same period. PA questionnaire and interview were completed retrospectively to assess typical weekly PA over the past year. Agreement between the methods was analyzed with paired samples t‐test and Bland‐Altman plot. Kappa‐test was used to compare the prevalence of meeting the HEPA recommendation. The accelerometer resulted in 13 minutes (P < 0.001) higher weekly total amount of MVPA compared to diary. According to Bland‐Altman plot, the 95% limit of agreement was from +273 to −247 in weekly minutes. The comparison between questionnaire and interview showed non‐significant mean difference of 3 minutes (P = 0.60) in weekly MVPA, but the Bland‐Altman plot showing the 95% limit of agreement from +432 to −427 in weekly minutes. Agreement of meeting HEPA recommendation was moderate between questionnaire and interview (κ = 0.43) but poor (κ = 0.20‐0.38) between other comparisons. The inter‐method differences were large especially at the individual level. Thus the assessment of PA is strongly method‐dependent and not interchangeable.
The effect of diplomatic representation on trade: A panel data analysis
Authors: Visser Robin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study addresses current gaps in the empirical literature regarding the effect of diplomatic representation on trade using a panel data set for 100 countries with 5‐year interval data from 1985 to 2005 and four‐digit level industry data. The results indicate that the effect of diplomatic representation on exports in differentiated goods is positive and significant and larger than on exports in homogeneous goods on average, but not statistically different from it. Furthermore, diplomatic representation only increases trade along the extensive margin and not along the intensive margin. The results indicate that diplomatic representation is effective in performing its function as a network search intermediary and that it is a useful policy tool to alleviate market failure.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain LQ80, Selected for Preparation of Fermented Liquid Feed for Pigs
Authors: Moriya Naoko , Nakano Kazuma , Shiroma Akino , Shinzato Misuzu , Ashimine Noriko , Minami Maiko , Tamotsu Hinako , Shimoji Makiko , Nakanishi Tetsuhiro , Ohki Shun , Teruya Kuniko , Satou Kazuhito , Hirano Takashi , Hagi Tatsuro , Kobayashi Miho , Nomura Masaru , Kimoto-Nira Hiromi , Tajima Kiyoshi , Cai Yimin , Suzuki Chise 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus plantarum
LQ80 is a strain isolated from liquid feed for pigs. We determined the complete genome sequence of this strain using the PacBio RS II platform. LQ80 contained a single circular chromosome of 3,230,192 bp, with 44.66% G+C content and seven plasmids.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Deletion Mutant of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)
Authors: Kanrar Siddhartha , Dhar Arun K. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
carrying the toxin genes
pirA
and
pirB
causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp. A genome sequence of
V. parahaemolyticus
strain R13 was determined that showed deletions of the entire
pirA
gene and the 5ʹ end of the
pirB
gene and does not cause the disease in experimental challenge.
How do ED patients with criminal justice contact compare with other ED users? A retrospective analysis of ED visits in California
Authors: McConville Shannon , Mooney Alyssa C , Williams Brie A , Hsia Renee Y 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the patterns of emergency department (ED) utilisation among those with and without criminal justice contact in California in 2014, comparing variation in ED use, visit frequency, diagnoses and insurance coverage.DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional study.SettingAnalyses included ED visits to all licensed hospitals in California using statewide data on all ED encounters in 2014.ParticipantsStudy participants included 3 757 870 non-elderly adult ED patients who made at least one ED visit in 2014.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe assessed the patterns and characteristics of ED visits among those with criminal justice contact—patients who were either admitted to or discharged from the ED by a correctional institution—with patients who did not have criminal justice contact recorded during an ED visit.ResultsED patients with criminal justice contact had higher proportions of frequent ED users (27.2% vs 9.4%), were at higher risk of an ED visit resulting in hospitalisation (26.6% vs 15.2%) and had higher prevalence of mental health conditions (52.8% vs 30.4%) compared with patients with no criminal justice contact recorded during an ED visit. Of the top 10, four primary diagnoses among patients with criminal justice contact were related to behavioural health conditions, accounting for 19.0% of all primary diagnoses in this population. In contrast, behavioural health conditions were absent from the top 10 primary diagnoses in ED patients with no observed criminal justice contact. Despite a high burden of disease, a lack of health insurance coverage was more common among those with criminal justice contact than those without (41.3% vs 14.1%).ConclusionsGiven that a large proportion of ED patients with criminal justice contact are frequent users with considerable mental health conditions, current efforts in California’s Medicaid programme to identify individuals in need of coordinated services could reduce costly ED utilisation among this group.
Lower extremity pain and numbness
Authors: Pettit Nicholas R 
Published: June 2018

Clinical introductionA 45-year-old man with no past medical history presents with bilateral lower extremity pain and perineal numbness after walking 10–15 min. The pain starts in his bilateral buttocks and radiates down into his thigh and into his toes. He has no back pain, fever, difficulty urinating or stooling, incontinence or trauma. Social history is positive for smoking. Physical examination was only remarkable for non-dopplerable lower extremity pulses, and he was unable to ambulate down the ED hallway without becoming symptomatic. Ultrasound of his abdominal aorta (figure 1) was performed.Figure 1Transverse view of distal abdominal aorta, just proximal to the bifurcation. (A) The aorta without Doppler. (B) The same image with Doppler mode activated.QuestionWhat is the most likely diagnosis based on the image?A. Lumbar stenosisB. Abdominal aortic aneurysmC. Aortic thrombusD. Aortic dissection
Incidence, morbidity and mortality of patients with achalasia in England: findings from a study of nationwide hospital and primary care data
Authors: Harvey Philip R , Thomas Tom , Chandan Joht S , Mytton Jemma , Coupland Ben , Bhala Neeraj , Evison Felicity , Patel Prashant , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Trudgill Nigel J 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAchalasia is an uncommon condition characterised by failed lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation. Data regarding its incidence, prevalence, disease associations and long-term outcomes are very limited.MethodsHospital Episode Statistics (HES) include demographic and diagnostic data for all English hospital attendances. The Health Improvement Network (THIN) includes the primary care records of 4.5 million UK subjects, representative of national demographics. Both were searched for incident cases between 2006 and 2016 and THIN for prevalent cases. Subjects with achalasia in THIN were compared with age, sex, deprivation tand smoking status matched controls for important comorbidities and mortality.ResultsThere were 10 509 and 711 new achalasia diagnoses identified in HES and THIN, respectively. The mean incidence per 100 000 people in HES was 1.99 (95% CI 1.87 to 2.11) and 1.53 (1.42 to 1.64) per 100 000 person-years in THIN. The prevalence in THIN was 27.1 (25.4 to 28.9) per 100 000 population. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were significantly higher in subjects with achalasia (n=2369) compared with controls (n=3865) for: oesophageal cancer (IRR 5.22 (95% CI: 1.88 to 14.45), p<0.001), aspiration pneumonia (13.38 (1.66 to 107.79), p=0.015), lower respiratory tract infection (1.33 (1.05 to 1.70), p=0.02) and mortality (1.33 (1.17 to 1.51), p<0.001). The median time from achalasia diagnosis to oesophageal cancer diagnosis was 15.5 (IQR 20.4) years.ConclusionThe incidence of achalasia is 1.99 per 100 000 population in secondary care data and 1.53 per 100 000 person-years in primary care data. Subjects with achalasia have an increased incidence of oesophageal cancer, aspiration pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infections and higher mortality. Clinicians treating patients with achalasia should be made aware of these associated morbidities and its increased mortality.
Reduction of cerebral DWI lesion burden after carotid artery stenting using the CASPER stent system
Authors: Broussalis Erasmia , Griessenauer Christoph , Mutzenbach Sebastian , Pikija Slaven , Jansen Hendrik , Stevanovic Valdo , Killer-Oberpfalzer Monika 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionDespite various measures to protect against distal embolization during carotid artery stenting (CAS), periprocedural ischemic lesions are still encountered.ObjectiveTo evaluate the periprocedural cerebral diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesion burden after CASPER stent placement.MethodsPatients who underwent CAS using the CASPER stent system were reviewed. Degrees of carotid stenosis and plaque configuration were determined. All patients were pretreated with dual antiplatelet agents and cerebral pre- and postprocedural MRI was obtained. All CAS procedures were performed by a single operator.ResultsA total of 110 patients with severe carotid artery stenosis (median degree of stenosis 80%, median length of stenosis 10 mm) were treated with CAS. Hypoechogenic or heterogeneous, mostly hypoechogenic, plaques were documented in 48.6% (52/107) of patients. Carotid ulceration was present in 15.9% (17/107). Postprocedurally, 7.3% (8/110) of patients were found to have ischemic DWI lesions. They were asymptomatic in all patients. Follow-up at 90 days was available in 88.2% (97/110) of patients with excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–1) in 95.9% (93/97).ConclusionCarotid artery stenting using the new CASPER stent in combination with a distal embolic protection device is safe and results in a lower rate of periprocedural DWI lesion burden compared with reported results for historic controls.
Dispersion relation formalism for the two-photon exchange correction to elastic muon–proton scattering: elastic intermediate state
Authors: Tomalak Oleksandr , Vanderhaeghen Marc 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe evaluate the two-photon exchange correction to the unpolarized cross section in the elastic muon–proton scattering within dispersion relations. One of the six independent invariant amplitudes requires a subtraction. We fix the subtraction function to the model estimate of the full two-photon exchange at one of three MUSE beam energies and make a prediction for the two other energies. Additionally, we present single and double polarization observables accounting for the lepton mass.
Cutting performance of tungsten carbide tools coated with diamond thin films after etching for various times
Authors: Kim Jong Seok , Park Yeong Min , Bae Mun Ki , Kim Chi Whan , Kim Dae Weon , Shin Dong Chul , Kim Tae Gyu 
Published: June 2018

In this study, diamond thin films were deposited on tungsten carbide tools using surface-wave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (SWP-CVD). To eliminate the adverse effects of cobalt on the diamond deposition process, the cobalt was removed from the surface of the tools by etching with Murakami’s reagent for various times (30, 60, and 120 min). The cutting performance of the untreated and the diamond-coated WC tools was examined by performing cutting test on carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP). The results showed that all the diamond-coated tools exhibited great improvement on the durability and wear resistance compared to the uncoated one. In addition, the diamond-coated tool lift time is found to be proportional to the etching time. An increase more than twofold has been achieved when the etch time was increased from 30 min to 120 min.
Inflammation-associated changes in DOR expression and function in the mouse colon
Authors: DiCello Jesse J. , Saito Ayame , Rajasekhar Pradeep , Eriksson Emily M. , McQuade Rachel M. , Nowell Cameron J. , Sebastian Benjamin W. , Fichna Jakub , Veldhuis Nicholas A. , Canals Meritxell , Bunnett Nigel W. , Carbone Simona E. , Poole Daniel P. 
Published: June 2018

Endogenous opioids activate opioid receptors (ORs) in the enteric nervous system to control intestinal motility and secretion. The μ-OR mediates the deleterious side effects of opioid analgesics, including constipation, respiratory depression, and addiction. Although the δ-OR (DOR) is a promising target for analgesia, the function and regulation of DOR in the colon are poorly understood. This study provides evidence that endogenous opioids activate DOR in myenteric neurons that may regulate colonic motility. The DOR agonists DADLE, deltorphin II, and SNC80 inhibited electrically evoked contractions and induced neurogenic contractions in the mouse colon. Electrical, chemical, and mechanical stimulation of the colon evoked the release of endogenous opioids, which stimulated endocytosis of DOR in the soma and proximal neurites of myenteric neurons of transgenic mice expressing DOR fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein. In contrast, DOR was not internalized in nerve fibers within the circular muscle. Administration of dextran sulfate sodium induced acute colitis, which was accompanied by DOR endocytosis and an increased density of DOR-positive nerve fibers within the circular muscle. The potency with which SNC80 inhibited neurogenic contractions was significantly enhanced in the inflamed colon. This study demonstrates that DOR-expressing neurons in the mouse colon can be activated by exogenous and endogenous opioids. Activated DOR traffics to endosomes and inhibits neurogenic motility of the colon. DOR signaling is enhanced during intestinal inflammation. This study demonstrates functional expression of DOR by myenteric neurons and supports the therapeutic targeting of DOR in the enteric nervous system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY DOR is activated during physiologically relevant reflex stimulation. Agonist-evoked DOR endocytosis is spatially and temporally regulated. A significant proportion of DOR is internalized in myenteric neurons during inflammation. The relative proportion of all myenteric neurons that expressed DOR and the overlap with the nNOS-positive population are increased in inflammation. DOR-specific innervation of the circular muscle is increased in inflammation, and this is consistent with enhanced responsiveness to the DOR agonist SNC80.
Cholinergic activation of enteric glia is a physiological mechanism that contributes to the regulation of gastrointestinal motility
Authors: Delvalle Ninotchska M. , Fried David E. , Rivera-Lopez Gretchen , Gaudette Luke , Gulbransen Brian D. 
Published: June 2018

The reflexive activities of the gastrointestinal tract are regulated, in part, by precise interactions between neurons and glia in the enteric nervous system (ENS). Intraganglionic enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that surround enteric neurons and regulate neuronal function, activity, and survival. Enteric glia express numerous neurotransmitter receptors that allow them to sense neuronal activity, but it is not clear if enteric glia monitor acetylcholine (ACh), the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the ENS. Here, we tested the hypothesis that enteric glia detect ACh and that glial activation by ACh contributes to the physiological regulation of gut functions. Our results show that myenteric enteric glia express both the M3 and M5 subtypes of muscarinic receptors (MRs) and that muscarine drives intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling predominantly through M3R activation. To elucidate the functional effects of activation of glial M3Rs, we used GFAP::hM3Dq mice that express a modified human M3R (hM3Dq) exclusively on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive glia to directly activate glial hM3Dqs using clozapine- N-oxide. Using spatiotemporal mapping analysis, we found that the activation of glial hM3Dq receptors enhances motility reflexes ex vivo. Continuous stimulation of hM3Dq receptors in vivo, drove changes in gastrointestinal motility without affecting neuronal survival in the ENS and glial muscarinic receptor activation did not alter neuron survival in vitro. Our results provide the first evidence that GFAP intraganglionic enteric glia express functional muscarinic receptors and suggest that the activation of glial muscarinic receptors contributes to the physiological regulation of functions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Enteric glia are emerging as novel regulators of enteric reflex circuits, but little is still known regarding the effects of specific transmitter pathways on glia and the resulting consequences on enteric reflexes. Here, we provide the first evidence that enteric glia monitor acetylcholine in the enteric nervous system and that glial activation by acetylcholine is a physiological mechanism that contributes to the functional regulation of intestinal reflexes.