bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Representation in the American Politics Canon: An Analysis of Core Graduate Syllabi
Authors: Diament Sean M. , Howat Adam J. , Lacombe Matthew J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTCore graduate-level seminars, in many ways, establish the “canon” literature for scholars entering a discipline. In the study of American Politics, the contents of this canon vary widely across departments and instructors, with important implications for the perspectives to which graduate students are exposed. At a basic level, the demographic characteristics of the authors whose work is assigned can have a major impact on the diversity (or lack of diversity) of viewpoints presented in these introductory courses. Using a unique dataset derived from a survey of core American Politics graduate seminars at highly-ranked universities, this project assesses the gender diversity of the authors whose research is currently taught—overall and within a comprehensive list of topics and subtopics. We also assess the “substantive representation” of women (and other underrepresented groups) within the American Politics canon by examining the frequency with which gender, racial, and other forms of identity politics are taught in these introductory courses.
BEYOND THE NATION: PENNY FICTION, THE CRIMEAN WAR, AND POLITICAL BELONGING
Authors: Rosenman Ellen 
Published: March 2018

“The nation state . . . found the novel.And vice versa: the novel found the nation-state” (Moretti 17). Franco Moretti's famous formulation has proved as partial as it is influential, challenged by a growing body of transnational scholarship. It is challenged as well by a different set of novels from the canonical ones Moretti has in mind: working-class penny fiction. Given the inequities of society, it is not surprising that this literature expresses a more complicated relationship to England. The working classes laid claim to England itself, insisting that their autochthonic status made them its true sons but that within the nation-state they were subjects, not citizens. The gap between this deep sense of belonging and formal political exclusion structures hundreds of penny novels produced in the mid-nineteenth century.
Automatic food detection in egocentric images using artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Jia Wenyan , Li Yuecheng , Qu Ruowei , Baranowski Thomas , Burke Lora E , Zhang Hong , Bai Yicheng , Mancino Juliet M , Xu Guizhi , Mao Zhi-Hong , Sun Mingui 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm which can automatically detect food items from images acquired by an egocentric wearable camera for dietary assessment.

Design
To study human diet and lifestyle, large sets of egocentric images were acquired using a wearable device, called eButton, from free-living individuals. Three thousand nine hundred images containing real-world activities, which formed eButton data set 1, were manually selected from thirty subjects. eButton data set 2 contained 29 515 images acquired from a research participant in a week-long unrestricted recording. They included both food- and non-food-related real-life activities, such as dining at both home and restaurants, cooking, shopping, gardening, housekeeping chores, taking classes, gym exercise, etc. All images in these data sets were classified as food/non-food images based on their tags generated by a convolutional neural network.

Results
A cross data-set test was conducted on eButton data set 1. The overall accuracy of food detection was 91·5 and 86·4 %, respectively, when one-half of data set 1 was used for training and the other half for testing. For eButton data set 2, 74·0 % sensitivity and 87·0 % specificity were obtained if both ‘food’ and ‘drink’ were considered as food images. Alternatively, if only ‘food’ items were considered, the sensitivity and specificity reached 85·0 and 85·8 %, respectively.

Conclusions
The AI technology can automatically detect foods from low-quality, wearable camera-acquired real-world egocentric images with reasonable accuracy, reducing both the burden of data processing and privacy concerns.
Programmable microfluidic genotyping of plant DNA samples for marker-assisted selection
Authors: Zec Helena C. , Zheng Tony , Liu Lingshu , Hsieh Kuangwen , Rane Tushar D. , Pederson Todd , Wang Tza-Huei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs demands to maintain the global food production continue to mount, multinational seed companies are turning to new DNA marker technologies to accelerate the rate of plant breeding and crop improvement. The key to widespread adoption of molecular breeding is the availability of flexible and cost-effective tools that can perform combinatorial and high-throughput genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to guide the crop development process. Toward this end, we have developed a programmable, droplet-based microfluidic device for genotyping maize genomic DNA. A unique feature of the microfluidic platform is the nano sample processors (NSPs), which allow the device to sequentially load an unrestricted number of unique DNA samples using only two inlets, overcoming the current limitation to the number of sample inputs due to small device footprint. Direct and programmable droplet generation within the device allows each sample to be genotyped against a panel of markers on demand. Moreover, we have successfully implemented the Invader assay for SNP genotyping in flowing, 50-nL droplets, thus achieving significant reduction in consumption of reagents per reaction as compared with conventional genotyping platforms. As a demonstration, we performed 240 Invader reactions (testing 8 DNA samples against 10 SNP markers) and achieved greater than 93% accuracy in SNP calling of plant DNA samples in a single droplet-based experiment.
Computational discovery of p-type transparent oxide semiconductors using hydrogen descriptor
Authors: Yim Kanghoon , Youn Yong , Lee Miso , Yoo Dongsun , Lee Joohee , Cho Sung Haeng , Han Seungwu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe ultimate transparent electronic devices require complementary and symmetrical pairs of n-type and p-type transparent semiconductors. While several n-type transparent oxide semiconductors like InGaZnO and ZnO are available and being used in consumer electronics, there are practically no p-type oxides that are comparable to the n-type counterpart in spite of tremendous efforts to discover them. Recently, high-throughput screening with the density functional theory calculations attempted to identify candidate p-type transparent oxides, but none of suggested materials was verified experimentally, implying need for a better theoretical predictor. Here, we propose a highly reliable and computationally efficient descriptor for p-type dopability—the hydrogen impurity energy. We show that the hydrogen descriptor can distinguish well-known p-type and n-type oxides. Using the hydrogen descriptor, we screen most binary oxides and a selected pool of ternary compounds that covers Sn2+-bearing and Cu1+-bearing oxides as well as oxychalcogenides. As a result, we suggest La2O2Te and CuLiO as promising p-type oxides.
Limitations in predicting the space radiation health risk for exploration astronauts
Authors: Chancellor Jeffery C. , Blue Rebecca S. , Cengel Keith A. , Auñón-Chancellor Serena M. , Rubins Kathleen H. , Katzgraber Helmut G. , Kennedy Ann R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite years of research, understanding of the space radiation environment and the risk it poses to long-duration astronauts remains limited. There is a disparity between research results and observed empirical effects seen in human astronaut crews, likely due to the numerous factors that limit terrestrial simulation of the complex space environment and extrapolation of human clinical consequences from varied animal models. Given the intended future of human spaceflight, with efforts now to rapidly expand capabilities for human missions to the moon and Mars, there is a pressing need to improve upon the understanding of the space radiation risk, predict likely clinical outcomes of interplanetary radiation exposure, and develop appropriate and effective mitigation strategies for future missions. To achieve this goal, the space radiation and aerospace community must recognize the historical limitations of radiation research and how such limitations could be addressed in future research endeavors. We have sought to highlight the numerous factors that limit understanding of the risk of space radiation for human crews and to identify ways in which these limitations could be addressed for improved understanding and appropriate risk posture regarding future human spaceflight.
Asbestosis is prevalent in a variety of construction industry trades
Authors: Walters G. I. , Robertson A. S. , Bhomra P. S. , Burge P. S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA diagnosis of asbestosis, which is a long-latency, fibrotic lung disease, has implications for the patient in terms of prognosis, treatment and compensation. Identifying and quantifying asbestos exposure is difficult without a detailed occupational history, and the threshold dose of asbestos required to cause asbestosis is not well understood. We reviewed all cases of asbestosis diagnosed between 2001 and 2016 at the Birmingham Regional NHS Occupational Lung Disease Service to determine the industries and occupations most frequently implicated in causation, in order to help clinicians identify where asbestosis might enter the differential diagnosis for a patient with chronic respiratory symptoms. A variety of construction trades were frequently reported including carpenters and joiners, pipe fitters, laggers, labourers, painters and shop fitters. Traditionally heavily exposed occupations such as shipbuilding were not commonly seen.
Enrichment of ODMR-active nitrogen-vacancy centres in five-nanometre-sized detonation-synthesized nanodiamonds: Nanoprobes for temperature, angle and position
Authors: Sotoma Shingo , Terada Daiki , Segawa Takuya F. , Igarashi Ryuji , Harada Yoshie , Shirakawa Masahiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe development of sensors to estimate physical properties, and their temporal and spatial variation, has been a central driving force in scientific breakthroughs. In recent years, nanosensors based on quantum measurements, such as nitrogen-vacancy centres (NVCs) in nanodiamonds, have been attracting much attention as ultrastable, sensitive, accurate and versatile physical sensors for quantitative cellular measurements. However, the nanodiamonds currently available for use as sensors have diameters of several tens of nanometres, much larger than the usual size of a protein. Therefore, their actual applications remain limited. Here we show that NVCs in an aggregation of 5-nm-sized detonation-synthesized nanodiamond treated by Krüger’s surface reduction (termed DND-OH) retains the same characteristics as observed in larger diamonds. We show that the negative charge at the NVC are stabilized, have a relatively long T2 spin relaxation time of up to 4 μs, and are applicable to thermosensing, one-degree orientation determination and nanometric super-resolution imaging. Our results clearly demonstrate the significant potential of DND-OH as a physical sensor. Thus, DND-OH will raise new possibilities for spatiotemporal monitoring of live cells and dynamic biomolecules in individual cells at single-molecule resolution.
Non-neutralizing Antibody Responses against VP1 in Enterovirus A, B, C and Rhinovirus A species among Infants and Children in Shanghai
Authors: Ding Yingying , Rui Bing , Gao Caixia , Xu Menghua , Wang Lili , Zhao Chunyan , Bai Jie , Wang Jinhong , Xu Jin , Pan Wei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe overall non-neutralizing antibody responses against EV infections among infants and children remain unknown. The non-neutralizing antibody responses against VP1 of EV-A species (Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16)), EV-B species (Coxsackievirus B3 (CB3)), EV-C species (Poliovirus 1 (PV1)) and RV-A species (Rhinovirus A N13 (RV13)) were detected and analyzed using a novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule (NEIBM)-based ELISA among infants and children aged 1 day to 6 years in Shanghai. The anti-VP1 reactivity against these EVs changed similarly in an age-related dynamic: being high level in the 1–28-day age group, declining to the lowest level in the 1–12-month age group, gradually increasing to the peak level in the 13–60-month age group, and remarkably declining in the 61–72-month age group, which reflects the conversion from maternally-derived to primary antibody responses. The anti-RV13 VP1 antibodies were demonstrated at the highest level, with anti-CB3 and PV1 VP1 antibodies at the second highest level and anti-CA16 and EV71 VP1 antibodies at the lowest level. These findings are the first to describe the overall non-neutralizing antibody responses against VP1 of the EV-A, B, C and RV-A viruses among the infants and children and could be helpful for further understanding the ubiquitous EV infections among children.
Protein-bound NAD(P)H Lifetime is Sensitive to Multiple Fates of Glucose Carbon
Authors: Sharick Joe T. , Favreau Peter F. , Gillette Amani A. , Sdao Sophia M. , Merrins Matthew J. , Skala Melissa C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhile NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) can detect changes in flux through the TCA cycle and electron transport chain (ETC), it remains unclear whether NAD(P)H FLIM is sensitive to other potential fates of glucose. Glucose carbon can be diverted from mitochondria by the pentose phosphate pathway (via glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH), lactate production (via lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), and rejection of carbon from the TCA cycle (via pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, PDK), all of which can be upregulated in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that multiphoton NAD(P)H FLIM can be used to quantify the relative concentrations of recombinant LDH and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in solution. In multiple epithelial cell lines, NAD(P)H FLIM was also sensitive to inhibition of LDH and PDK, as well as the directionality of LDH in cells forced to use pyruvate versus lactate as fuel sources. Among the parameters measurable by FLIM, only the lifetime of protein-bound NAD(P)H (τ2) was sensitive to these changes, in contrast to the optical redox ratio, mean NAD(P)H lifetime, free NAD(P)H lifetime, or the relative amount of free and protein-bound NAD(P)H. NAD(P)H τ2 offers the ability to non-invasively quantify diversions of carbon away from the TCA cycle/ETC, which may support mechanisms of drug resistance.
The p53-S100A2 Positive Feedback Loop Negatively Regulates Epithelialization in Cutaneous Wound Healing
Authors: Pan Shin-Chen , Li Che-Yu , Kuo Chia-Yi , Kuo Yi-Zih , Fang Wei-Yu , Huang Yu-Hsuan , Hsieh Tzu-Chin , Kao Hung-Ying , Kuo Yuan , Kang Ya-Rong , Tsai Wan-Chi , Tsai Sen-Tien , Wu Li-Wha 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe S100A2 protein is an important regulator of keratinocyte differentiation, but its role in wound healing remains unknown. We establish epithelial-specificS100A2transgenic (TG) mice and study its role in wound repair using punch biopsy wounding assays. In line with the observed increase in proliferation and migration ofS100A2-depleted human keratinocytes, mice expressing humanS100A2exhibit delayed cutaneous wound repair. This was accompanied by the reduction of re-epithelialization as well as a slow, attenuated response ofMcp1,Il6,Il1β,Cox2, andTnfmRNA expression in the early phase. We also observed delayedVegfamRNA induction, a delayed enhancement of the Tgfβ1-mediated alpha smooth muscle actin (α-Sma) axis and a differential expression of collagen type 1 and 3. The stress-activated p53 tumor suppressor protein plays an important role in cutaneous wound healing and is anS100A2inducer. Notably, S100A2 complexes with p53, potentiates p53-mediated transcription and increases p53 expression both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally. Consistent with a role of p53 in repressing NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation, S100A2 enhanced p53-mediated promoter suppression ofCox2, an early inducible NF-κB target gene upon wound injury. Our study thus supports a model in which the p53-S100A2 positive feedback loop regulates wound repair process.
Insensitivity to atorvastatin is associated with increased accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets and fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer cells
Authors: Lettiero Barbara , Inasu Maria , Kimbung Siker , Borgquist Signe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractApart from the relevant lipid-lowering effects, statins have demonstrated significant, although heterogeneous, anti-tumor activities in preventing breast cancer (BC) progression. To characterize the critical pathways behind the diverse responses to therapy, we investigated statin-induced changes in regulation of lipid metabolism and abundance of neutral lipid-containing cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) in BC cells displaying different sensitivity to atorvastatin. Following atorvastatin treatment, accumulated LD levels inversely mirrored the marginal anti-proliferative effects in a dose and time-dependent manner in the less-sensitive BC cells. Transcriptional profiling excluded dysregulation of lipid uptake and efflux as specific mechanisms associated with differences in LD accumulation and anti-proliferative effects of atorvastatin. Notably, significant upregulation of genes involved in unsaturated fatty acid metabolism [stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)] and cholesterol biosynthesis [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR)], were associated with atorvastatin insensitivity. Taken together, the increased ability to store neutral lipids in LDs as consequence of atorvastatin treatment likely confers a proliferative advantage to BC cells and may serve as potential biomarker of statin resistance in BC. Contributions of cholesterol biosynthesis and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism to LD formation should be thoroughly explored for better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying statin-induced effects against BC progression.
Synthesis of inverse ringwoodite sheds light on the subduction history of Tibetan ophiolites
Authors: Bindi Luca , Griffin William L. , Panero Wendy R. , Sirotkina Ekaterina , Bobrov Andrey , Irifune Tetsuo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTibetan ophiolites are shallow mantle material and crustal slabs that were subducted as deep as the mantle transition zone, a conclusion supported by the discovery of high-pressure phases like inverse ringwoodite in these sequences. Ringwoodite, Mg2SiO4, exhibits the normal spinel structure, with Mg in the octahedral A site and Si in the tetrahedral B site. Through A and B site-disorder, the inverse spinel has four-coordinated A cations and the six-coordinated site hosts a mixture of A and B cations. This process affects the density and impedance contrasts across the boundaries in the transition zone and seismic-wave velocities in this portion of the Earth. We report the first synthesis at high pressure (20 GPa) and high temperature (1600 °C) of a Cr-bearing ringwoodite with a completely inverse-spinel structure. Chemical, structural, and computational analysis confirm the stability of inverse ringwoodite and add further constraints to the subduction history of the Luobusa peridotite of the Tibetan ophiolites.
mTORC1 impedes osteoclast differentiation via calcineurin and NFATc1
Authors: Huynh HoangDinh , Wan Yihong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRapamycins are immunosuppressant and anti-cancer drugs that inhibit the kinase mTOR. Clinically, they often cause bone pain, bone necrosis, and high bone turnover, yet the mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that mTORC1 activity is high in osteoclast precursors but downregulated upon RANKL treatment. Loss-of-function genetic models reveal that while early Raptor deletion in hematopoietic stem cells blunts osteoclastogenesis due to compromised proliferation/survival, late Raptor deletion in osteoclast precursors instead augments osteoclastogenesis. Gain-of-function genetic models by TSC1 deletion in HSCs or osteoclast precursors cause constitutive mTORC1 activation, impairing osteoclastogenesis. Pharmacologically, rapamycin treatment at low but clinically relevant doses exacerbates osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, leading to bone loss. Mechanistically, RANKL inactivates mTORC1 via calcineurin-mediated mTORC1 dephosphorylation, consequently activating NFATc1 by reducing mTORC1-mediated NFATc1 phosphorylation. These findings uncover biphasic roles of mTORC1 in osteoclastogenesis, dosage-dependent effects of rapamycin on bone, and a previously unrecognized calcineurin–mTORC1–NFATc1 phosphorylation-regulatory signaling cascade.
The Complexity Approach to Phonological Treatment: How to Select Treatment Targets
Authors: Storkel Holly L. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
There are a number of evidence-based treatments for preschool children with phonological disorders (Baker & McLeod, 2011). However, a recent survey by Brumbaugh and Smit (2013) suggests that speech-language pathologists are not equally familiar with all evidence-based treatment alternatives, particularly the complexity approach. The goal of this clinical tutorial is to provide coaching on the implementation of the complexity approach in clinical practice, focusing on treatment target selection.

Method
Evidence related to selecting targets for treatment based on characteristics of the targets (i.e., developmental norms, implicational universals) and characteristics of children's knowledge of the targets (i.e., accuracy, stimulability) is reviewed. Free resources are provided to aid clinicians in assessing accuracy and stimulability of singletons and clusters. Use of treatment target selection and generalization prediction worksheets is illustrated with 3 preschool children.

Results
Clinicians can integrate multiple pieces of information to select complex targets and successfully apply the complexity approach to their own clinical practice.

Conclusion
Incorporating the complexity approach into clinical practice will expand the range of evidence-based treatment options that clinicians can use when treating preschool children with phonological disorders.

Supplemental Material S1

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6007562

KU ScholarWorks Supplemental Material

http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24767
Stellar populations of HII galaxies
Authors: Telles Eduardo , Melnick Jorge 
Published: March 2018

Aims. We present a UV to mid-IR spectral energy distribution (SED) study of a large sample of SDSS DR13 HII galaxies. These galaxies are selected as starbursts (EW(Hα) > 50Å) and for their high-excitation locus in the upper left region of the BPT diagram. Their photometry was derived from the cross-matched GALEX, SDSS, UKDISS, and WISE catalogs.
Methods. We used CIGALE modeling and a SED fitting routine with the parametrization of a three-burst star formation history, and a comprehensive analysis of all other model parameters. We were able to estimate the contribution of the underlying old stellar population to the observed equivalent width of Hβ, and allow for more accurate burst age determination.
Results. We found that the star formation histories of HII Galaxies can be reproduced remarkably well by three major eras of star formation. In addition, the SED fitting results indicate that in all cases the current burst produces a small percent of the total stellar mass, i.e., the bulk of stellar mass in HII galaxies has been produced by the past episodes of star formation, and also indicate that at a given age the Hβ luminosity depends only on the mass of young stars favoring a universal IMF for massive stars. Most importantly, the current star formation episodes are maximum starbursts that produce stars at the highest possible rate.