bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Tunable Sacrificial Bonds Endowing Tetra‐PEG Based PU Hydrogel with Tunable Mechanical Properties, Shape‐Memory, and Self‐Healing Functions
Authors: Lin Chengyu , Li Zhao , Lei Kun , Jia Haiyan , Yu Lin , Zheng Zhen , Wang Xinling 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDevelopment of hydrogels with excellent and tunable mechanical properties combining with multifunctions is an intriguing issue in material science and engineering. Herein, bioinspired tunable sacrificial bonds are introduced into the tetra‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based polyurethane (PU) (TP) network to afford a hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties, shape‐memory, and self‐healing functions. The mussel‐inspired compound of Lysine‐dopamine (LDA) is introduced into the network of TP hydrogel through polyurethane/polyurea chemistry to form LDA‐tetra‐PEG‐PU (LTP) hydrogel. As catechol groups in LDAs can intermolecularly interact with each other and can also coordinate with ferric ions with different coordination ratios, these physical interactions with different strengths in the afforded LTP hydrogel construct kinds of sequentially tuned sacrificial bonds. As a result, these sacrificial bonds preferentially rupture prior to the covalent network upon external loading, which dissipate the energy and endow the hydrogel with advanced and postadjustable mechanical properties. This mechanism is investigated in detail. Furthermore, the LTP hydrogel shows multifunctions such as shape‐memory and self‐healing abilities. In addition, the tetra‐PEG based hydrogel shows remarkable thermoresponsiveness that the hydrogel distinctly contracts with the increase of the temperature. The improved mechanical strength and multifunctions should enlarge the application areas of the tetra‐PEG based hydrogel in various fields.
Technical Note: Scintillation well counters and particle counting digital autoradiography devices can be used to detect activities associated with genomic profiling adequacy of biopsy specimens obtained after a low activity 18F‐FDG injection
Authors: Kirov Assen S. , Fanchon Louise M. , Seiter Daniel , Czmielewski Christian , Russell James , Dogan Snjezana , Carlin Sean , Pinker‐Domenig Katja , Yorke Ellen , Schmidtlein C. Ross , Boyko Vitaly , Fujisawa Sho , Manova‐Todorova Katia , Zanzonico Pat , Dauer Lawrence , Deasy Joseph O. , Humm John L. , Solomon Stephen 
Published: February 2018

PurposeGenomic profiling of biopsied tissue is the basis for precision cancer therapy. However, biopsied materials may not contain sufficient amounts of tumor deoxyribonucleonic acid needed for the analysis. We propose a method to determine the adequacy of specimens for performing genomic profiling by quantifying their metabolic activity.MethodsWe estimated the average density of tumor cells in biopsy specimens needed to successfully perform genomic analysis following the Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK‐IMPACT) protocol from the minimum amount of deoxyribonucleonic acid needed and the volume of tissue typically used for analysis. The average 18F‐FDG uptake per cell was assessed by incubating HT‐29 adenocarcinoma tumor cells in 18F‐FDG containing solution and then measuring their activity with a scintillation well counter. Consequently, we evaluated the response of two devices around the minimum expected activities which would indicate genomic profiling adequacy of biopsy specimens obtained under 18F‐FDG PET/CT guidance. Surrogate samples obtained using 18G core needle biopsies of gels containing either 18F‐FDG‐loaded cells in the expected concentrations or the corresponding activity were measured using autoradiography and a scintillation well counter. Autoradiography was performed using a CCD‐based device with real‐time image display as well as with digital autoradiography imaging plates following a 30‐min off‐line protocol for specimen activity determination against previously established calibration.ResultsCell incubation experiments and estimates obtained from quantitative autoradiography of biopsy specimens (QABS) indicate that specimens acquired under 18F‐FDG PET/CT guidance that contained the minimum amount of cells needed for genomic profiling would have an average activity concentration in the range of about 3 to about 9 kBq/mL. When exposed to specimens with similar activity concentration, both a CCD‐based autoradiography device and a scintillation well counter produced signals with sufficient signal‐to‐background ratio for specimen genomic adequacy identification in less than 10 min, which is short enough to allow procedure guidance.ConclusionScintillation well counter measurements and CCD‐based autoradiography have adequate sensitivity to detect the tumor burden needed for genomic profiling during 18F‐FDG PET/CT‐guided 18G core needle biopsies of liver adenocarcinoma metastases.
A clinically relevant IMRT QA workflow: Design and validation
Authors: Stambaugh Cassandra , Ezzell Gary 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine clinically relevant pass/question/fail criteria for gamma analysis of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy quality assurance (IMRT QA) plans, identify which plans should be further analyzed with dose–volume histogram (DVH) metrics, and create a workflow for performing that DVH‐based analysis.MethodsA total of 11 plans, 5 prostate and 6 head/neck, were selected to represent known good plans based on their high‐passing rate using conventional IMRT QA criteria. These were modified by moving the programmed MLC positions to underdose the target or overdose important structures by varying amounts. Commercially available hardware/software was used to measure and analyze all plans (76 total) using 4%/3 mm, 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 2%/2 mm gamma criteria. Two receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves per criterion were created to assess effective passing rates. One ROC curve was to find a higher threshold that determined a clear pass and the second to find a lower threshold to determine a clear failure. Plans between these two thresholds need DVH‐based analysis to assess the clinical consequence of the dose difference. The modified plans were analyzed in the planning system and reconstructed in commercially available DVH‐based analysis software to access the accuracy and usefulness of the software.ResultsAnalysis of the ROC curves showed optimal pass and fail thresholds for plan error detection per criterion to achieve clinically relevant sensitivity and specificity. Based on measurement uncertainty and pass/fail ranges, 3%/2 mm gamma criteria with a pass threshold of 95% and a fail threshold of 90% were most optimal. DVH analysis showed good agreement with all reconstructed plans except where the changes to the MLC patterns caused the periphery of the target to be underdosed. For questionable plans, comparing the organ‐specific DVHs to the physician‐provided planning constraints proved to be an efficient and effective workflow since plans for which the target dose was slightly high or where organs at risk were underdosed could be released for the treatment without consulting the physician for a clinical decision.ConclusionThis work indicates the potential for appreciable improvement in error detection for IMRT QA. Using effective pass/fail thresholds to determine plans that need DVH‐based analysis minimizes the need for excessive, time‐consuming, analysis, and making use of the dosimetric constraints of the plan minimizes the burden on physicians. Overall, DVH‐based analysis is a powerful tool that can provide substantial insight over the traditional approach that does not provide structure‐specific data.
Bi‐exponential 23Na T2* component analysis in the human brain
Authors: Riemer Frank , Solanky Bhavana S. , Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A.M. , Golay Xavier 
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to measure the sodium transverse relaxation time T2* in the healthy human brain. Five healthy subjects were scanned with 18 echo times (TEs) as short as 0.17 ms. T2* values were fitted on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis using a bi‐exponential model. Data were also analysed using a continuous distribution fit with a region of interest‐based inverse Laplace transform. Average T2* values were 3.4 ± 0.2 ms and 23.5 ± 1.8 ms in white matter (WM) for the short and long components, respectively, and 3.9 ± 0.5 ms and 26.3 ± 2.6 ms in grey matter (GM) for the short and long components, respectively, using the bi‐exponential model. Continuous distribution fits yielded results of 3.1 ± 0.3 ms and 18.8 ± 3.2 ms in WM for the short and long components, respectively, and 2.9 ± 0.4 ms and 17.2 ± 2 ms in GM for the short and long components, respectively. 23Na T2* values of the brain for the short and long components for various anatomical locations using ultra‐short TEs are presented for the first time.
Nanosonosensitization by Using Copper–Cysteamine Nanoparticles Augmented Sonodynamic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wang Pan , Wang Xiao , Ma Lun , Sahi Sunil , Li Li , Wang Xiaobing , Wang Qingqing , Chen Yujiao , Chen Wei , Liu Quanhong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a newly emerging and promising modality for cancer treatment, has been extensively investigated but with limited therapeutic outcome because of the absence of highly efficient sonosensitizer. Copper–cysteamine (Cu–Cy), as a new sensitizer, has been reported for oxidative therapy which can be activated with light, X‐ray, or microwave. Herein, for the first time, Cu–Cy nanoparticles are reported as new sonosensitizers for SDT on breast cancer treatment. Upon exposure of Cu–Cy nanoparticles to ultrasound, a large quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated for cancer cell destruction with a high SDT efficiency to induce cell apoptosis and necrosis as observed in vitro. In vivo animal studies show a significant inhibition of tumor growth for the xenografts of 4T1 cancer cells with the combination of 0.75 mg kg−1 Cu–Cy and ultrasound. Overall, the preliminary results show that Cu–Cy nanoparticles can significantly augment the levels of ROS induced by ultrasound, demonstrating Cu–Cy is a new kind of efficient sonosensitzers for SDT applications. Such therapeutic platform by integrating a noninvasive, highly safe, deep‐penetration ultrasound modality. and quickly developed versatile nanosensitizers for tumor eradication will facilitate SDT future clinical translation.
A Facile and Green Approach for One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinolines and Spiro Chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinolines by Using Molecular Iodine as a Catalyst
Authors: Khan M. Musawwer , Saigal  , Khan Sarfaraz , Shareef Sumbulunnisan , Hussain Sahid 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSimple, one‐pot and green synthetic method has been developed for the synthesis of highly substituted chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinoline and spiro chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinoline derivatives. The synthesis of diverse chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinolines and spiro chromeno[3, 4‐b]quinolines were achieved from 3‐aminocoumarins, cyclic1,3‐diketones and aromatic aldehydes or isatins in ethanol under reflux condition. Simple filtration without any tedious chromatographic separation, good to excellent yields, shorter reaction time, an inexpensive and environmentally benign catalyst are some key features of this protocol.
Reliability of sonographic measurements of endothelial function: Flow‐mediated dilation, blood flow velocity, resistive and pulsatility indices
Authors: Maranna Sandhya , Hill Alison , Fairlie‐Jones Lucy , Osborne Brooke , Davison Kade 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionSeveral established and emerging sonographic measurements of vascular health are used in clinical practice and research. The aim of this study was to compare inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability of baseline, post‐cuff‐release and percentage change of brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD); flow velocity; resistive index (RI); and pulsatility index (PI).MethodsHealthy, older (45–70 years), overweight (body mass index 27–32 kg/m2) adults were sonographically assessed for arterial diameter, flow velocity and Doppler indices before and after transient ischaemia. Repeat scans were performed by either one rater (n = 10) or two different raters (n = 6) to assess reliability with intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsIntra‐class correlation coefficients for intra‐rater reliability were highest for baseline diameter (0.97) and post‐cuff‐release diameter (0.96) but lowest for FMD (0.04). For inter‐rater reliability, ICC for baseline diameter was high (0.93). ICCs for intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability for percentage change in velocity, percentage change in RI and percentage change in PI were similar.ConclusionResistive index and PI showed better post‐occlusion reliability than the more common measures of FMD or peak velocity and warrants further investigation.
Behavior and Reproductive Ecology of the Sicklefin Redhorse: An Imperiled Southern Appalachian Mountain Fish
Authors: Favrot Scott D. , Kwak Thomas J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMany nongame fishes are poorly understood but are essential to maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems globally. The undescribed Sicklefin RedhorseMoxostomasp. is a rare, imperiled, nongame fish endemic to two southern Appalachian Mountain river basins. Little is known of its behavior and ecology, but this information is urgently needed for conservation planning. We assessed the spatial and temporal bounds of spawning migration, quantified seasonal weekly movement patterns, and characterized seasonal and spawning behavior using radiotelemetry and weir sampling in the Hiwassee River basin, North Carolina–Georgia, during 2006 and 2007. Hiwassee River tributaries were occupied predominantly during the fish's spawning season, lower reaches of the tributaries and the Hiwassee River were primarily occupied during the postspawning season (i.e., summer and fall), and lower lotic reaches of Hiwassee River (upstream from Hiwassee Lake) were occupied during winter. Adults occupied Hiwassee Lake only as a movement corridor during spawning migrations. Both sexes conducted upstream spawning migrations simultaneously, but males occupied spawning tributaries longer than females. Sicklefin Redhorse exhibited interannual spawning‐area and tributary fidelity. Cold water temperatures associated with hypolimnetic releases from reservoirs and meteorological conditions influenced spawning migration distance and timing. During 2007, decreased discharges during the spawning season were associated with decreases in migration distance and spawning tributary occupancy duration. Foraging was the dominant behavior observed annually, followed by reproductive behaviors (courting and spawning) during the spawning season. No agonistic reproductive behavior was observed, but females exhibited a repetitious postspawning digging behavior that may be unique in the family Catostomidae. Our findings suggest that protection and restoration of river continuity, natural flow regimes, seasonally appropriate water temperatures, and geographic range expansion are critical components to include in Sicklefin Redhorse conservation planning. Fisheries and ecosystem managers can use our findings to justify sensitive management decisions that conserve and restore critical streams and rivers occupied by this imperiled species.
Expansion of Northern Snakehead in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Authors: Love Joseph W. , Newhard Joshua J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNorthern Snakehead Channa argus, a nonnative species to North America, was discovered in 2004 in tidal freshwater of the Potomac River, the second largest drainage of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Since then Northern Snakehead has expanded its range throughout much of Maryland's portion of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. We estimated that the species has spread beyond its introduced range at a rate of about 2.7 subwatersheds per year. If that rate is maintained, the species will have spread its range throughout the entire watershed in 52 years. This rate has been consistent over time except for short periods of heightened expansion that followed an introduction of snakeheads into Delaware waters and in years with greater levels of spring precipitation. The expansion by Northern Snakehead is more widespread than that of other invasive fishes of Maryland's portion of the Chesapeake Bay, which include Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus and Flathead Catfish Pylodictus olivaris. Attempts to control the spread of the species have included public education, incentives for harvest, agency surveys, and law enforcement. The rapid natural and human‐aided expansion of Northern Snakehead throughout the country's largest estuary highlights the importance of laws that prevent live possession and importation of this species.
A Graph Theory-Based Automated Twin Recognition Technique for Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis
Authors: Pradalier Cédric , Juan Pierre-Alexandre , McCabe Rodney J. , Capolungo Laurent 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present article introduces a new software, Microstructure Evaluation Tool for Interface Statistics (METIS), that performs high-throughput microstructure statistical analysis from electron backscatter diffraction maps. Emphasis is placed on the detection of twin domains in hexagonal close-packed metals. The numerical framework on which METIS is built leverages graph theory, group structures, and associated numerical algorithms to automatically detect twins and unravel both their intrinsic characteristics features and those pertaining to their interactions. The proposed graphical interface allows for the detection and correction of unlikely twin/parent associations rendering the approach applicable to highly deformed microstructures. Twin statistics and microstructural data are classified and saved in a relational database that can be interrogated via either GUI or SQL requests to reveal a wide spectrum of features of the microstructure. Illustration of the approach is performed in the case of zirconium.
Reconstrução de membro inferior – retalho fasciocutâneo sural
Authors: Severo Antonio Lourenco , Coppi Eduardo Felipe Mandarino , Cavalheiro Haiana Lopes , Bosco Alexandre Luiz Dal , Filho Danilo Barreto , Lemos Marcelo Barreto 
Published: February 2018

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar o uso do retalho fasciocutâneo sural de fluxo reverso na cobertura de lesões no terço distal dos membros inferiores.
Métodos Foram analisados 24 casos, 20 de origem traumática, três por lesões esportivas e um por ressecção de lesão tumoral.
Resultados Dos 24 prontuários avaliados, 16 eram homens e oito mulheres. A idade variou de seis a 75 anos. A maioria dos pacientes evoluiu com cicatrização total do retalho (21). Houve apenas um caso de necrose total do retalho em paciente diabético insulinodependente e hipertenso, evoluiu para posterior amputação do membro. Em dois casos, houve necrose parcial com posterior cicatrização por segunda intenção, um desses pacientes era tabagista pesado. As complicações foram associadas às comorbidades e, ao contrário do evidenciado por outros estudos, não houve correlação com a curva de aprendizado. Também não houve correlação com o local ou o tamanho da lesão a ser coberta.
Conclusão Tem-se como relevância clinica que a técnica de retalho fasciocutâneo sural de fluxo reverso usada obteve 87,5% de sucesso, é uma opção viável e eficaz no arsenal terapêutico das lesões complexas dos membros inferiores.
Confiabilidade das classificações artroscópicas das lesões condrais do quadril
Authors: Barros Antônio Augusto Guimarães , Vassalo Carlos César , Costa Lincoln Paiva , Gómez-Hoyos Juan , Paganini Vinícius de Oliveira , Andrade Marco Antônio Percope de 
Published: February 2018

ResumoObjetivo Avaliar a confiabilidade inter- e intraobservador das classificações de Outerbridge, Beck e Haddad para lesões da cartilagem articular acetabular com o uso da via artroscópica.Métodos Foram avaliados 60 vídeos de artroscopias do quadril por 4 cirurgiões em 2 momentos para avaliar a reprodutibilidade inter- e intraobservador das classificações. Os dados foram analisados a partir do cálculo do índice Kappa de Cohen ponderado.Resultados Os valores do Kappa ponderado médio na avaliação interobservador das classificações de Outerbridge, Beck e Haddad foram, respectivamente, 0,72, 0,78 e 0,68. As três classificações foram consideradas como de boa concordância interobservador. Com relação à avaliação intraobservador das classificações de Outerbridge, Beck e Haddad, os valores Kappa foram, respectivamente, 0,9, 0,9 e 0,93. As três classificações foram consideradas excelentes na comparação intraobservador.Conclusão Na presente série, as classificações de Outerbridge, Beck e Haddad apresentaram boa reprodutibilidade interobservador e excelente reprodutibilidade intraobservador ao avaliar lesões condrais acetabulares por via artroscópica.
Damping of quasi-two-dimensional internal wave attractors by rigid-wall friction
Authors: Beckebanze F. , Brouzet C. , Sibgatullin I. N. , Maas L. R. M. 
Published: February 2018

The reflection of internal gravity waves at sloping boundaries leads to focusing or defocusing. In closed domains, focusing typically dominates and projects the wave energy onto ‘wave attractors’. For small-amplitude internal waves, the projection of energy onto higher wavenumbers by geometric focusing can be balanced by viscous dissipation at high wavenumbers. Contrary to what was previously suggested, viscous dissipation in interior shear layers may not be sufficient to explain the experiments on wave attractors in the classical quasi-two-dimensional trapezoidal laboratory set-ups. Applying standard boundary layer theory, we provide an elaborate description of the viscous dissipation in the interior shear layer, as well as at the rigid boundaries. Our analysis shows that even if the thin lateral Stokes boundary layers consist of no more than 1 % of the wall-to-wall distance, dissipation by lateral walls dominates at intermediate wave numbers. Our extended model for the spectrum of three-dimensional wave attractors in equilibrium closes the gap between observations and theory by Hazewinkel et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 598, 2008, pp. 373–382).
Succeeded Foundation Effect of Stretched Gate and SiGe Array Diffusion Zones on Film-Type Strained Silicon pMOSFETs
Authors: Lee C. C. , Hsieh C. P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt has demonstrated to exploit various layout effects of advanced strained engineering to enhanced the performance of nano-scaled transistors. In actual fabrications, the gate framework usually protrudes out to the channel area even over the spuriously diffused active region, over the soft shallow trench isolation region. The foregoing device feature is interesting and critical when enhancing and managing mobility gain are taken into account by used mechanics and induced strained silicon technology in narrow scale channel widths devices. Thus, a silicon-based 22 nm p-type MOSFET combined stressors of a source/drain Si75Ge25 alloy and a -2 GPa compressive contact etch stop layer with different protrudent gate widths to investigate this issue. The fabricated oriented stress simulation extracted stress component within the device channel to estimate and analyze the performance of mobility gain and stress contours for the concerned nanoscale device.
VLBI Observations of Southern Gamma-Ray Sources. III
Authors: Edwards P. G. , Ojha R. , Dodson R. , Lovell J. E. J. , Reynolds J. E. , Tzioumis A. K. , Quick J. , Nicolson G. , Tingay S. J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report the results of Long Baseline Array observations made in 2001 of ten southern sources proposed by Mattox et al. as counterparts to EGRET >100 MeV gamma-ray sources. Source structures are compared with published data where available and possible superluminal motions identified in several cases. The associations are examined in the light of Fermi observations, indicating that the confirmed counterparts tend to have radio properties consistent with other identifications, including flat radio spectral index, high brightness temperature, greater radio variability, and higher core dominance.