bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Pathogens in Pig Production Facilities Using Alternative Disinfection Strategies
Authors: Baguindoc Marjorette , Alvarado Alvin Ceniza , Predicala Bernardo , Korber Darren R. 
Published: December 2024

HighlightsAlternative cleaning and disinfection (C&amp;D) strategies are needed by pig producers which adopted antibiotic-free production practices in their effort to mitigate the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).The use of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and peracetic acid (PAA) can be suitable alternatives to conventional disinfectants currently used in commercial swine barns.The cost associated with using SAEW and PAA translates only to a minimal increase (0.07 and 0.08%, respectively) in the total production cost, which can be compensated by their prolonged efficacy over time.Abstract. Implementing antibiotic-free production practices in pig barns to mitigate the emergence of AMR has led to a reported increase in certain pathogens in the barn environment. Hence, this study aimed to investigate alternative sanitization and disinfection procedures to reduce the prevalence of pathogens in pig production. Based on screening using developed assessment criteria (i.e., applicability, intrinsic property, cost, and safety) and laboratory-scale tests, the application of SAEW and PAA were selected for further evaluation under in-barn conditions. Conventional disinfectant (Virkon) was used as a control given its widespread use in commercial pig production barns. In the barn tests, the surviving microbial cells on different types of surfaces such as concrete (flooring), metal (drinkers), plastic (pens), and wood (partitions) in grow-finish, nursery, and farrowing rooms were assessed at various time points to compare the effectiveness of the selected disinfection strategies relative to a control (Virkon) treatment. Results showed that PAA (400 ppm) and SAEW (50 ppm) were more effective than Virkon in grow-finish and farrowing rooms 4 to 24 h after application, while all treatments showed reduced efficacy on concrete in nursery rooms, indicating that a longer contact time may be required for rough surfaces. Economic analysis showed that PAA and SAEW cost $0.81 and $0.84 per market pig per cycle compared to Virkon with $0.675; this 0.07% to 0.08% increase in total production cost of using PAA and SAEW relative to current conventional disinfectant (Virkon) can be compensated by their prolonged efficacy over time. Keywords: Animal buildings, Antibiotic-free pig production, Disinfection measures, Pathogen control.
Runoff and Erosion Following a Prescribed Fire on a Sagebrush-Steppe Rangeland in Idaho, USA
Authors: Elliot William J. 
Published: December 2024

HighlightsA spike in erosion occurred the year following a prescribed burn on a sagebrush-steppe rangeland.Two years after a prescribed burn on a sagebrush-steppe rangeland, burned plots had less runoff and erosion than unburned plots.Snowmelt processes may be important contributors to erosion in some sagebrush-steppe rangelands.Abstract. A study was carried out to compare runoff and erosion from natural rainfall on plots that had been treated with prescribed fire to unburned plots on a sagebrush-steppe rangeland in Southeast Idaho, U.S. Prescribed fire on rangeland sites is intended to maintain healthy shrub-steppe ecosystems but sometimes results in undesirable consequences such as increased runoff and soil erosion. Information is lacking on plot-scale erosion studies from natural precipitation in this ecosystem. Such plot-scale studies are needed to better understand sediment sources (uplands or channels) to support the management and modeling of rangeland watersheds. In this study, there were two treatments: four prescribed burn plots and three adjacent unburned control plots. Runoff and erosion were measured from natural rainfall for water years (WY) 2004 to 2010 following a prescribed burn in October 2003. Runoff and erosion were also measured from nearby unburned plots for WY 2005–2010. Ground cover on the burned plots averaged 57% (standard error (s.e. = 4%) in the summer of 2004, compared to 95% (s.e. = 5%) on the unburned plots. By the end of the study in 2010, ground cover had increased to 81% (s.e. = 4%) on the burned plots but decreased to 74% (s.e. = 5%) on the unburned plots. Annual runoff averaged 6 mm (s.e. = 7) from four burned plots, compared to 34 mm (s.e. = 8.7) from three unburned plots. In WY 2006, high rates of runoff from snowmelt on the unburned plots resulted in 122 mm (s.e. = 16) of runoff compared to only 12 mm (s.e. = 14) of runoff from the burned plots. An analysis of variance showed significant differences in runoff due to either precipitation (p = 0002) or year (p = 0.004) and treatment (burned vs. unburned; p=0.03). There were also significant differences in seasonal runoff (p = 0.05), as 90% of the measured runoff occurred in the spring, with all large runoff events associated with snowmelt. Erosion on the burned plots averaged 233 kg ha-1 (s.e. = 21) compared to 133 kg ha-1 (s.e. = 29) on the unburned plots. From two years after the burn and for the remainder of the study, there were no significant differences in erosion between burned and unburned plots (p &lt; 0.05). Future studies are needed to link upland runoff and erosion with channel deposition, erosion, and sediment delivery, and more detailed studies on erosion associated with snowmelt on rangelands are needed to aid in the development of watershed modeling tools. Future studies should include observations of plant community regeneration in addition to ground cover, runoff, and sediment delivery. Keywords: Erosion, Hydrology, Prescribed fire, Rangelands.
Simulating Pollen Aerosol Diffusion and Distribution Under Horizontal Air Stream Using a Coupled CFD-DPM Method for Hybrid Rice Seed Production
Authors: Xi Te , Wang Yongwei , Long Sifang , Feng Huaiqu , Zheng Chengyu , Li Dongfang , Kang Shuo , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2024

HighlightsVisualizing the dispersal trajectory of rice pollen.The two-phase transient coupling of pollen and airflow was considered using the CFD-DPM method.The movement and sedimentation distribution of pollen aerosols were effectively predicted.Abstract. Understanding pollen dispersal behavior during hybrid rice seed production is a necessary step for further clarifying the pollination mechanism of hybrid rice and advancing the mechanization of pollination. This work aims to simulate the pollen dispersal process after detachment from the rice panicle using a coupled CFD-DPM method. Aerodynamic properties of hybrid rice pollen were determined using settling experiments. The pollen dispersal geometry domain was constructed by combining the planting agronomy of hybrid rice seed production with the pneumatic pollination process. The standard k-e model was used to simulate the horizontal jet flow. The discrete phase model (DPM) was used to realize the interaction between airflow and pollen. Mesh independence verification and experimental validation were performed for pollen-air two-phase simulations. The simulation visualized rice pollen dispersal trajectories and further predicted and analyzed the decay of pollen dispersal velocity, sedimentation distribution, deposition rate, and escape rate. The experimental validation results showed that the simulation could effectively predict the pollen dispersal process. Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics, Discrete phase model, Hybrid rice seed production, Mechanized pollination, Pollen aerosol.
Spray Nozzle Effects on Foliar Band Deposits of Malathion in Cotton
Authors: Womac Alvin R. , Smith Chris , Mulrooney Joe 
Published: December 2024

HighlightsFoliar banding with 40-degree flat fan tips may reduce pesticide use.Hollow cone tips were effective for broadcast applications but less effective as a single tip band over the row.Spray plume interactions with foliage affected spray targeting on different samplers.Abstract.The study characterized the spray deposits for broadcast sprays and foliar band sprays made to cotton in the field under a steady mean lateral wind velocity of 1.1 m s-1. Five over-the-top spray treatments included broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips, broadcast XR 8002 flat fan tips, banding 40-015 flat fan tips, banding 40-02 flat fan tips, and banding TX-12 hollow cone tips. Malathion spray deposits in the foliage were sampled with water-sensitive paper (WSP), top and bottom leaf sides, cotton terminals, and Petri dishes placed on the ground between rows. Cumulative droplet sizes were generally grouped for TX-12 hollow cone nozzles versus a group for 40° and 80° flat fan spray tips. Flat fan spray nozzles outperformed hollow cone spray nozzle based on mean spray-rate adjusted WSP coverage for both broadcast and banding applications. The hypothesis for poor banding performance by the TX-12 hollow cone tip was attributed to the light wind of 1.1 m s-1 that predominately blew at about right angles to the rows. Mean spray rate-adjusted leaf top malathion residues were statistically the greatest for broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips, broadcast XR 8002 flat fan spray tips, and for banding 40-015 spray tips. Mean spray rate-adjusted leaf bottom malathion residues were not significantly different. The spray-rate adjusted cotton terminal malathion residue levels were statistically the greatest for the broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips. The spray-rate adjusted Petri dish malathion residue levels were statistically the greatest for the broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips and broadcast XR 8002 flat fan tips, perhaps due to a gap between rows. Rank order of spray-rate adjusted deposits between spray treatments depended to some degree based on the foliar spatial location and geometric differences attributed to samplers. This is important for targeting different insects located within the foliage structure. Keywords: Crop foliage, Foliar banding, Hollow cone nozzles, Narrow angle flat fan spray nozzles, Spray deposit, Spray plume, Sprayer.
Evaluation of the Processing Properties of Alternative Soybean Meal Protein Source Combinations Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Li Xing , Liao Ying , Zhang Binbin , Li Jun , Yang Jie , Li Junguo , Xue Min 
Published: December 2024

HighlightsThe alternative 5 protein feed raw material combinations to replace soymeal bean were provided.There were significant differences in the 17 processing characteristics of protein combinations.Correlation and principal component analysis were applied to analyze the data.The representative indicators were extracted to evaluate the processing characteristics.It provides theoretical basis for the application of unconventional protein feed raw material.Abstract.The objective of this study was to compare the processing properties of five different combinations of unconventional protein groups and soybean meal (SBM). Peanut meal (PNM), cottonseed meal (CSM), rapeseed meal (RSM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and corn gluten meal (CGM) were selected as five unconventional protein feeds. Five groups of protein combinations were generated following the two principles of 'similar crude protein content and compliant feed ingredient use level.' The nutritional components, physical properties, hydration properties, pasting properties, and other processing properties of the five protein combinations (C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5) and SBM were measured, and the essential differences in processing properties among different protein combinations and SBM were analyzed. The results showed that the moisture content of SBM was remarkably higher than other feed raw material, and the crude fiber of SBM was notably lower than other feed raw material. The water absorption index, water solubility index, and pasting curves of SBM were significantly higher than those of other feed raw material. These processing properties were differentially associated with each other. Three principal components were extracted from 17 processing characteristic indexes, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 93.19%, which had good representativeness and could be used to evaluate the processing properties of different protein feed ingredients comprehensively. The main extracted indicators were protein dispersibility index, pasting properties value, water solubility index, compressibility, geometric mean diameter, angle of repose, and apparent density. This study provides guidance for the evaluation of the processing properties of protein feed raw material and provides theoretical guidance and a scientific basis for formula optimization and processing parameter adjustment. Keywords: Principal component analysis, Processing properties, Soybean meal replacement, Unconventional protein combination.
Free-form surface machining strategy and shape error correction method based on slow tool servo turning
Authors: Yu Boxin , Xue Changxi , Jia Mingyu , Huo Furong 
Published: December 2024

Since the measurement accuracy limits the machining quality of free-form surfaces, compensated machining is challenging in convergent shape errors effectively. Therefore, a free-form surface machining strategy is investigated based on slow tool servo technology and its shape error correction method. An iterative accuracy-adjusted surface matching measurement strategy based on the improved combined CPD and ICP algorithms is proposed, in which the measured surface is aligned with the theoretical surface in the same coordinate system through translational and rotational coordinate transformations to accurately obtain the surface shape error after single-point diamond turning machining for compensation. Finally, the compensation simulation uses the Q-type polynomial free-form surface as the ideal surface. After three compensations, the shape errors of the free-form surfaces converge continuously, in which the shape accuracies of PV and RMS are reduced from 2.01um and 271 nm to 765 nm and 188 nm, respectively. The results show that the effectiveness of the compensation method is verified, and it can improve the machining accuracy effectively.
A theory for words in Georgian: traditional constructs versus corpus annotation
Authors: Hardie Andrew , Daraselia Sophiko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Part-of-speech annotation, as an exercise in categorisation, necessitates a category schema, based on some model or theory of the grammar of the language. Such a model may (sometimes, must) deviate from traditional approaches for human understanding, as exploration of theoretical issues arising from a Georgian POS schema illustrates. Consistency on classifying by form versus function is problematised by difficult pronoun/demonstrative and adjective/noun distinctions. Adverb subcategorisation illustrates exclusion of semantic/derivational distinctions that traditional approaches readily admit. Variation in plural inflection has implications for how diachronicity is handled, as does “zero case”. Postpositions make necessary a specific approach to cliticisation in which enclitic elements are handled as separate tokens bearing their own analysis. Suffixaufnahme provides a case study in inclusion versus exclusion of a rare but current phenomenon. Verb morphology illustrates how simplifying assumptions help favour abstraction of categories over descriptive exhaustiveness. Divergence between the resulting model and traditional characterisations do not invalidate either, but evidence how a model’s design is inseparable from its purpose. With regard to these select issues of Georgian grammar, this discussion aims both to demonstrate the overall argument regarding theorisation/schematisation for a specific, practical purpose (POS annotation) and to justify solutions proposed to problems at hand.
Optimizing the design of the selective melt dispersion (SMD) process based on metallographic investigations of additively manufactured 316L steel samples
Authors: Noller S. F. , Pfennig A. , Dahlmeyer M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, an author-developed experimental setup will be used to investigate the novel additive process of selective melt dispersion (SMD), a directed energy deposition (DED) process. For this purpose, 316L samples and 316L powder were additively processed by laser treatment. The parameters laser power, pulse repetition rate and feed rate were varied throughout the experiments. The samples, i.e., the welds, produced in this way were then examined for the roughness parameters Ra and Rz, weld width, weld geometry (and also height) and their microstructure. It was found that there is a correlation between the energy input and the resulting width of the weld. In addition, low roughness values in the range of those achieved by investment casting were observed. The weld geometries (cross section) of randomly selected samples were not consistent and therefore, did not yield evaluable results. Upon closer inspection, it was found that in contrast to what had been assumed, no additive material build-up could be achieved with the experimental setup. After analyzing the overall system, it became evident that the positioning of the subsystems in the experimental setup needed to be modified to enable material build-up. The successful modification of the setup was then verified by experiment.
Investigation on the impact of parameters of FSW on microstructural transitions and the strength of CDA 101 joints
Authors: Yokesh Kumar B. , Sevvel P. , John Solomon I. , Purushothaman G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstact
An experimental endeavor was made to fathom the influence of employed parameters on the microstructural transitions and tensile strength of friction stir welded (FSW) joints of CDA 101 Cu alloy. This investigation also aimed at providing insight into the interdependency between the mechanical properties and transformed microstructures. Flat plates of CDA 101 alloy were joined using the FSW process by employing four distinctive speeds of traverse and rotation. Employment of 1500 rpm in combination with 25 mm/min proved to be an exceptional combination, as the zone of nugget of this joint exhibited very fine sized, dynamically recrystallized, exquisite grain structures distributed consistently in equal spaces. A maximum tensile strength of 205.79 MPa was exhibited by this joint. It was confirmed that the employed speed of rotation of 1500 rpm was responsible for the generation of the ideal amount of frictional heat and the employed speed of traverse of 25 mm/min played a vital role in permitting the tool to traverse over the regions of the line of joint for a sufficient time period. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy fractography revealed that this joint exhibited smaller voids and has failed in a purely dimple mode of fracture, indicating the higher ductility of this joint.
Development of the antigenic recombinant tropomyosin of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> in a bacterial system as a vaccinal candidate against canine echinococcosis
Authors: Acosta-Benites Janet , Jara Luis M. , Verastegui Pimentel Manuela , Obregón Maldonado Pepe M. , Altamirano-Zevallos Faride , Valencia Mamani Nicasio , Gavidia Cesar M. 
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue clonar, expresar y producir la proteína recombinante tropomiosina isoforma A de Echinococcus granulosus (EgTrpA) que mantenga sus propiedades antigénicas e inmunogénicas como posible candidata a vacuna para perros y ovejas. El gen de la proteína tropomiosina de Echinococcus granulosus (EgTrp), se clono en dos vectores: Tropo/His-tag [pET28a (+)] y Tropo/GST-tag (pGEX6P-1). Luego, se expresó en E. coli BL21. La identidad de la proteína se determinó mediante electroforesis bidimensional. La inmunogenicidad y la antigenicidad se verificó mediante la inmunización de conejos con cada proteína recombinante y se evaluó mediante Western Blot y ELISA. La electroforesis bidimensional identificó la proteína recombinante EgTrp como isoforma A. Las proteínas recombinantes mostraron reacciones de reconocimiento en el Western Blot y el suero de los conejos inmunizados mostró un aumento de los anticuerpos IgG de Tropo/His-tag similar a Tropo/GST-tag. La proteína recombinante EgTrpA demostró características antigénicas e inmunogénicas en animales de laboratorio.
Penguatan Etika Kewarganegaraan dalam Kehidupan Demokratis Melalui Kompetensi Pedagogis
Authors: Dewi Dinie Anggraeni , Buldani Asep Anggi 
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana mahasiswa calon guru Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dan Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar terkait dengan pengembangan etika kewarganegaraan dalam kehidupan demokratis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap 10 calon guru pendidikan sekolah dasar di Kota Cibiru, Bandung, Jawa Barat, dan 10 calon guru pendidikan kewarganegaraan di Yogyakarta. Selain itu, peneliti juga melakukan observasi dan dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan analisis interaktif, dengan keabsahan data diperiksa melalui triangulasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa etika kewarganegaraan dalam kehidupan demokratis melibatkan rangkaian langkah dan strategi untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan aktif individu dalam proses demokrasi. Hal ini mencakup edukasi tentang hak dan kewajiban sebagai warga negara, pelatihan dalam keterampilan berpartisipasi dalam kehidupan politik dan sosial, promosi nilai-nilai demokrasi seperti pluralisme dan toleransi, serta pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk terlibat dalam pengambilan keputusan publik. Dengan pendekatan ini, individu dapat lebih memahami, menghargai, dan mengambil bagian aktif dalam memperkuat demokrasi. Pengembangan potensi partisipasi dalam kehidupan demokratis menjadi penting.
Comprensión de narraciones orales en niños hispanohablantes de 3 a 6 años y el rol de la memoria operativa, el vocabulario y la velocidad de procesamiento
Authors: Barreyro Juan Pablo , Fumagalli Julieta , Álvarez-Drexler Andrea , Calero Alejandra Daniela , Formoso Jesica 
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel del conocimiento de vocabulario, la memoria operativa y la velocidad de procesamiento en la comprensión de textos orales en niños hispanohablantes de 3 a 6 años. Un total de 165 niños (55.76% niñas; M = 4.64 años; DT = 1.07) participaron en el estudio. Los participantes escucharon tres textos narrativos y respondieron a preguntas sobre su contenido literal e inferencial, realizaron tareas de memoria operativa, una tarea de velocidad de procesamiento y una prueba de vocabulario. Los análisis de varianza revelaron diferencias en función de la edad en todas las tareas, con mejores desempeños en los mayores. Los análisis de correlación mostraron asociaciones entre comprensión, vocabulario y memoria operativa, sugiriendo que estas capacidades cognitivas contribuyen a la comprensión de narraciones orales. Los análisis de senderos indicaron que el impacto de la edad en la comprensión está mediado por el vocabulario y la memoria operativa verbal, mientras que la velocidad de procesamiento no intervino significativamente en la comprensión. Los resultados destacan la importancia de apoyar el desarrollo del vocabulario y las habilidades de memoria operativa en la educación temprana, ya que son fundamentales para mejorar las habilidades de comprensión. En conclusión, el estudio revela que las diferencias individuales en la comprensión oral están principalmente ligadas al conocimiento del vocabulario y a la capacidad de la memoria operativa, mientras que la velocidad de procesamiento desempeña un papel secundario.