bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensional Reconstruction Models for Medical Modalities: A Comprehensive Investigation and Analysis
Authors: Joseph Sushitha Susan , Dennisan Aju 
Published: March 2019

Background:Image reconstruction is the mathematical process which converts the signals obtained from the scanning machine into an image. The reconstructed image plays a fundamental role in the planning of surgery and research in the medical field.Discussion:This paper introduces the first comprehensive survey of the literature about medical image reconstruction related to diseases, presenting a categorical study about the techniques and analyzing advantages and disadvantages of each technique. The images obtained by various imaging modalities like MRI, CT, CTA, Stereo radiography and Light field microscopy are included. A comparison on the basis of the reconstruction technique, Imaging Modality and Visualization, Disease, Metrics for 3D reconstruction accuracy, Dataset and Execution time, Evaluation of the technique is also performed.Conclusion:The survey makes an assessment of the suitable reconstruction technique for an organ, draws general conclusions and discusses the future directions.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Red Cabbage in Hypercholesterolemic Diet-induced Oxidative Stressed Rabbits
Authors: Ashfaq Faiza , Butt Masood S. , Bilal Ahmad , Suleria Hafiz A.R. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Diet-disease linkages are getting immense attention of the scientific fraternity.
In this regard, red cabbage was assessed against hypercholesterolemic and related oxidative damage.
Nowadays, plant bioactives are gaining immense attention among the masses to mitigate lifestyle related
malfunctions. Considering phytochemistry and cost-effectiveness, the current project was designed to
probe the bioefficacy red cabbage against hypercholesterolemic diet related oxidative stress in the liver.

Methods:
The red cabbage and its aqueous extract were tested on male white New Zealand rabbits for
12 weeks. Two studies were conducted based on dietary regimens; normal and hypercholesterolemic
diet (1% cholesterol). At termination, overnight fasted rabbits were sacrificed to assess serum specific
and tissues biomarkers of hepatic oxidative stress alongside, hepatosomatic index and histopathology
were studied.

Results:
In hypercholesterolemic diet induced oxidative stressed rabbits, the supplementation of red
cabbage and its aqueous extract suppressed the leakage of liver functioning enzymes in sera up to 15.63
and 12.70% (alanine transaminase), 13.88 and 9.55% (alkaline phosphatase), 12.96 and 8.82% (γ-glutamyl
transferase) and 10.77 and 6.15% (total bilirubin). Besides, the respective diets also portrayed
considerable reduction in hepatic lipid peroxidation up to 29.60 and 23.63% thus improved endogenous
antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (17.97 and 15.92%) and catalase (24.39 and 20.98%). Furthermore,
hepatosomatic index expounded a significant impact of treatments on oxidative stressed rabbits
alongside mild degree of fibrotic and necrotic changes in their hepatic parenchyma was rectified by
red cabbage, whereas red cabbage extract demonstrated slower rate of amelioration.

Conclusion:
In the nutshell, dietary inclusions based on red cabbage have shown higher restorative
potential against hepatic oxidative stress as compared to red cabbage aqueous extract.
Optimization and Analysis of Acid Treated Trimethylamine using Surface Response and Gas Chromatography Analytical Methods
Authors: Park Seul-Ki , Khan Fazlurrahman , Cho Yeon-Jin , Hong Dong-Lee , Jang Yu-Mi , Kim Young-Mog 
Published: March 2019

Background:Trimethylamine (TMA) is a nitrogenous base aliphatic organic compound accounting for the odor of rotten fish and it is used as an indicator for analyzing the quality of fish products.Introduction:Extraction procedures and analytical methods including colorimetric and Gas- Chromatography (GC) can quantify the TMA contents of fish products after pre-treatment with basic solutions. However, the extraction procedure and analytical methods for acid-treated samples are not known, despite the majority of fish products being preserved using acid preservatives.Methods:The methodologies used included solid-phase micro-extraction of TMA followed by its quantification by a GC-based analytical method. An analysis of response surface methodology was also conducted to verify the optimum conditions for TMA detection in acid-treated liquid samples affected by factors including trapping time, temperature, and stirring speed.Results:The results obtained from this study showed that the optimum conditions for the best yield of TMA extraction are 20 min of trapping, emission at 55°C, and stirring at 400 rpm. The validation of the developed method was carried out using rotten fish after acid treatment. Acid treatment decreased TMA by up to 73.01%, however, when adding NaOH solution of the same volume to the samples, TMA increased similar to the control group.Conclusion:Here, we report a simple, sensitive, and rapid extraction procedure. A GC-based analytical method was developed for the analysis of TMA from the acid-treated sample. The developed extraction procedure and analytical methods were optimized and validated, which could be helpful for the extraction of TMA without damaging the sample.
Casuarina equisetifoliaExtract Loaded Phytosomes: Optimization, Characterization andIn vivoEvaluation of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activities in Wistar Rats
Authors: Rani Anjana , Kumar Sunil , Khar Roop K. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Herbal extracts have brilliant in-vitro activity but less in-vivo action in light of their macromolecular size and poor lipid solubility bringing about poor absorption and low bioavailability. These issues can be corrected by designing novel drug delivery systems. Phytosomes provide better absorption and bioavailability when compared to conventional herbal extract.Objective:This paper deals with the preparation, optimization and characterization of Phytosome of plant extract and in vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity for improved therapeutic efficacy having sufficient stability.Methods:Preliminary distinctive strategies were utilized to get ready Phytosome and antisolvent precipitation method was chosen. The formulation was guided by a full factorial design to study the effect of Independent variable on various dependent variables and resulted in an optimised product. Response contour plots were generated for each response factor to predict a phytosomal composition that yields phytosome formulation having least particle size and maximum entrapment efficiency.Results:Mean particle size, entrapment efficiency and Span value were found to be 295 ± 0.53nm, 82.43 ± 1.65% and 0.34 ± 0.14 respectively. Zeta potential was found to be 19.35mv, indicating the formation of stable formulation. In vitro release study described that the drug release follows the Korsmeyer- Peppas kinetic model. The results proved that Phytosomes of Casuarina equisetifolia extract exhibited more antidiabetic potential and antihyperlipidemic properties as compared to crude Casuarina extract.Conclusion:Phytosomes of Casuarina equestifolia extract was successfully formulated having good entrapment efficiency and physico-chemical characterization of the optimized product, confirming the formation of stable formulation. In vivo antidiabetic activity confirmed better potential of the optimised formulation. Consequently, it has been presumed that Phytosomes of Casuarina equisetifolia extract serve as a useful novel drug delivery system and provide more therapeutic efficacy than conventional plant extracts.
α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of the Extracts and Major Phytochemical Components of Smilax glabra Roxb
Authors: Nguyen Phuong T.M. , Ngo Quang V. , Nguyen Minh T.H. , Maccarone Alan T. , Pyne Stephen G. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
A therapeutic approach to treat diabetes is to decrease postprandial hyperglycemia.
α-Glucosidase inhibitors from plant sources offer an attractive strategy for the control of
hyperglycemia. Smilax glabra Roxb is a medicinal plant found in Asia, including Vietnam, which is
used in the treatment of chronic diseases. However, the antidiabetic activity and the identification of
α-glucosidase inhibitors from this plant have not been intensively investigated. This research was
carried out to determine the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts and that of the major
phytochemical components of Smilax glabra Roxb. This could lead to further studies on the role of
these compounds in hyperglycemia control, as well as identify their potential future applications.

Methods:
Column chromatography combined with crystallization procedures were used to isolate
active fractions and two major compounds. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined
by analysis of their NMR spectroscopic data, as well as MS data and comparisons made
with the literature data. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was determined spectrophotometrically
using p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the isolated
compounds and fractions was determined using the MTT assay.

Results:
The two major compounds, astilbin and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid together with two very
active fractions, F7 and F8, were isolated from the rhizome. The two major compounds had α-
glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of ca. 125 µg/mL and 38 µg/mL, respectively
which are about 4 and 13 folds higher activity than the reference compound acarbose (IC50 of ca.
525 µg/mL). Fractions F7 and F8 showed very promising inhibitory activities towards α-glucosidase
with IC50 values of 5.5 and 5.8 µg/mL, respectively. Cytotoxicity data on mouse fibroblast NIH3T3
cells indicated that the active compounds and fractions were not toxic at concentrations that are
greater than their respective IC50 values. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 5-Ocaffeoylshikimic
acid and that of the two active fractions are reported here for the first time.

Conclusion:
The two major isolated compounds and fractions, F7 and F8, significantly contribute to
the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of S. glabra Roxb extract. Further work is needed to clarify
their modes of action and potential application.
Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Clindamycin Against Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infected Subcutaneous Abscess Model
Authors: Vivekanandan Lalitha , Sheik Hajasherief , Singaravel Sengottuvelu , Thangavel Sivakumar 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes infection in
the wound leading to life-threatening bacteriemia. It causes recalcitrant infections because of being
resistant to various antibiotics. The recent studies reported clindamycin to be effective against
MRSA rather than inducible clindamycin resistance and decrease the incidence of new infections
after clindamycin treatment. The study focused on assessing the efficacy and safety of clindamycin
against MRSA infected rats.

Methods:
The rats become neutropenic by intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide at a
dose of 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for 4 days and 5th day respectively. The neutropenic rats were
infected with MRSA by subcutaneous administration of 106 CFU/ml of MRSA. The 3 groups of
rats such as Normal, MRSA infected, MRSA infected rats that were administered clindamycin
orally at a dose of 90 mg/kg/ thrice daily for 14 days were used in the study. The abscess size,
weight, and bacterial load were measured at the end of the study. The blood and liver samples were
collected for biochemical analysis and histopathological evaluation.

Results:
The MRSA was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The clindamycin
minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.125 - 0.5 μg/ml. The MRSA showed negative D test
for clindamycin indicating the absence of inducible clindamycin resistance. The decreased abscess
size, weight, bacterial count, Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (IAP), weight loss, alteration in hematological
parameters, mild changes in cholesterol, ALT and liver histology, no significant (P >
0.05) change in triglycerides, AST, ALP, bilirubin, lactate, urea, and creatinine were seen in
clindamycin treated MRSA infected rats. The MRSA infected clindamycin treated rats showed
mild irritation and diarrhea.

Conclusion:
Our study concludes that the clindamycin showed better anti- MRSA activity and tolerable
adverse effects such as anemia, weight loss, and mild irritation after oral treatment, but the
intestinal dysbiosis is a severe adverse effect and causes diarrhea.
Tuning the Photocatalytic Performance of Plasmonic Nanocomposites (ZnO/Aux) Driven in Visible Light
Authors: Samantara Aneeya K. , Dash Debasrita , Bhuyan Dipti L. , Dalai Namita , Jena Bijayalaxmi 
Published: March 2019

:
In this article, we explored the possibility of controlling the reactivity of ZnO nanostructures
by modifying its surface with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). By varying the concentration of Au with
different wt% (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.08, 1 and 2), we have synthesized a series of (ZnO/Aux) nanocomposites
(NCs). A thorough investigation of the photocatalytic performance of different wt% of Au NPs on
ZnO nanosurface has been carried out. It was observed that ZnO/Au0.08 nanocomposite showed the highest
photocatalytic activity among all concentrations of Au on the ZnO surface, which degrades the dye
concentration within 2 minutes of visible light exposure. It was further revealed that with an increase in
the size of plasmonic nanoparticles beyond 0.08%, the accessible surface area of the Au nanoparticle decreases.
The photon absorption capacity of Au nanoparticle decreases beyond 0.08% resulting in a decrease
in electron transfer rate from Au to ZnO and a decrease of photocatalytic activity.

Background:
Due to the industrialization process, most of the toxic materials go into the water bodies,
affecting the water and our ecological system. The conventional techniques to remove dyes are expensive
and inefficient. Recently, heterogeneous semiconductor materials like TiO2 and ZnO have been
regarded as potential candidates for the removal of dye from the water system.

Objective:
To investigate the photocatalytic performance of different wt% of Au NPs on ZnO nanosurface
and the effect of the size of Au NPs for photocatalytic performance in the degradation process.

Methods:
A facile microwave method has been adopted for the synthesis of ZnO nanostructure followed
by a reduction of gold salt in the presence of ZnO nanostructure to form the composite.

Results:
ZnO/Au0.08 nanocomposite showed the highest photocatalytic activity which degrades the dye
concentration within 2 minutes of visible light exposure. The schematic mechanism of electron transfer
rate was discussed.

Conclusion:
Raspberry shaped ZnO nanoparticles modified with different percentages of Au NPs
showed good photocatalytic behavior in the degradation of dye molecules. The synergetic effect of
unique morphology of ZnO and well anchored Au nanostructures plays a crucial role.
Refined Model Predictive Control of Back-to-back 3L-NPC Converter Interfacing a PMSG Based WECS with Grid for Blocking High Jumps in Voltages
Authors: Eedara Aswani K. , Koritala Chandra S. , Rayapudi Srinivasa R. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
For controlling a back-to-back three-level (3L) Neutral-Point-Clamped
(NPC) converter of a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion
System (WECS), a Refined Model Predictive Control (RMPC) strategy is presented in this paper.

Methods:
The RMPC strategies of PMSG-side and network-side converters aim at prevention of
the high jumps in line and pole voltages of both the converters. A suitable subset of Switching
States (SSs), which can prevent these high jumps, is predetermined for each SS. In each control cycle,
the RMPC algorithm determines an optimal switching state from an appropriate candidate set
of SSs.

Results:
The functioning of the RMPC algorithms is checked with simulation tests. The effect of
parameter uncertainty on the functioning of the RMPC algorithm is also studied.

Conclusion:
The test results indicate that the RMPC scheme can block high jumps in
pole and line voltages while extracting maximal power from wind, controlling network
side reactive power, and balancing the capacitor’s voltage.
The Application of the Positive Semi-Definite Kernel Space for SVM in Quality Prediction
Authors: Meng Wang , Hongyan Dui , Shiyuan Zhou , Zhankui Dong , Zige Wu 
Published: March 2019

Background:A transformation toward 4th Generation Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) is being led by Germany based on Cyber-Physical System-enabled manufacturing and service innovation. Smart manufacturing is an important feature of Industry 4.0 which uses the networked manufacturing systems for smart production. Current manufacturing systems (5M1E systems) require deeper mining of the data which is generated from manufacturing process.Objective:To map low-dimensional embedding into the input space would meet the requirement of “kernel trick” to solve a problem in feature space. On the other hand, the distance can be calculated more precisely.Methods:In this research, we proposed a positive semi-definite kernel space by using a constant additive method based on a kernel view of ISOMAP. There were 6 steps in the algorithm.Results:The classification precision of KMLSVM was better than SVM in the enterprise data set, in which SVM selected the RBF kernel and optimized its parameters.Conclusion:We adopted the additive constant method in kernel space construction and the positive semi-definite kernel was built. The typical mixed data set of an enterprise was used in simulation. We compared the SVM and KMLSVM in this data set and optimized the SVM kernel function parameters. The simulation results demonstrated the KMLSVM was a better algorithm in mix type data set than SVM.
Microwave Assisted Preparation of Self-Extinguishing Cotton Fabrics by Small Molecules Containing Phosphorous and Nitrogen
Authors: Chang SeChin , Condon Brian , Smith Jade 
Published: March 2019

Background:
New methods for preparing surface modification of flame retardant cotton
fabrics were employed by applying a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of
co-solvent. Efforts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with economic and environmentally
friendly flame retardant compounds based on the small molecules piperazine, PN and PNN, were
done successfully.

Methods and Results:
The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or surface modification
of cotton fabrics was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the treated cotton fabrics
were evaluated by flammability tests, such as 45°angle (clothing textiles test) and limiting Oxygen
Index (LOI). Thermogravimetric analysis of all treated cotton fabrics in a nitrogen atmosphere
showed high thermal stability, as decomposition occurred between 276.9~291.2°C with 30.5~35.7%
residue weight char yield at 600°C. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and the 45° angle flammability test
were used to determine the efficiency of the flame-retardant treatments on the fabrics. LOI values for
control twill fabric showed ~18 vol% oxygen in nitrogen, whereas the highest treatment level had 32
vol%. High add-on treatments with flame retardants also readily passed the 45° angle flammability
test.

Conclusion:
In the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) tests, a decline in heat of combustion
was shown through the smaller values acquired for THR, HRC and Tmax for all PN and PNN
samples.
Synthesis of 1,2-Diamine Bifunctional Catalysts for the Direct Aldol Reaction Through Probing the Remote Amide Hydrogen
Authors: Dodda Rajasekhar , Samanta Sampak , Su Matthew , Zhao John Cong-Gui 
Published: March 2019

Background:
While proline can catalyze the asymmetric direct aldol reactions, its catalytic
activity and catalyst turnover are both low. To improve the catalytic efficiency, many prolinebased
organocatalysts have been developed. In this regard, prolinamide-based bifunctional catalysts
have been demonstrated by us and others to be highly efficient catalysts for the direct aldol reactions.

Results:
Using the β-acetamido- and β-tosylamidoprolinamide catalysts, the highly enantio- and diastereoselective
direct aldol reactions between enolizable ketones and aldehydes were achieved (up to
>99% ee, 98:2 dr). A low catalyst loading of only 2-5 mol % of the β-tosylamidoprolinamide catalyst
was needed to obtain the desired aldol products in good to high yields and high stereoselectivities.

Methods:
By carefully adjusting the hydrogen bonding ability of the remote β-amide hydrogen of the
1,2-diamine-based prolinamide bifunctional catalysts, the catalytic activity and the asymmetric induction
of these catalysts were significantly improved for the direct aldol reaction between aldehydes
and enolizable ketones.

Conclusion:
Some highly efficient 1,2-diamine-based bifunctional prolinamide catalysts have been
developed through probing the remote β-amide hydrogen for its hydrogen bonding capability. These
catalysts are easy to synthesize and high enantioselectivities may be achieved at very low catalyst
loadings.
Wind Power Forecasting Using Wavelet Transform and General Regression Neural Network for Ontario Electricity Market
Authors: Saroha Sumit , Aggarwal Sanjeev K. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
The estimation accuracy of wind power is an important subject of concern for
reliable grid operations and taking part in open access. So, with an objective to improve the wind
power forecasting accuracy.

Methods:
This article presents Wavelet Transform (WT) based General Regression Neural Network
(GRNN) with statistical time series input selection technique.

Results:
The results of the proposed model are compared with four different models namely naïve
benchmark model, feed forward neural networks, recurrent neural networks and GRNN on the basis
of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) performance metric.

Conclusion:
The historical data used by the presented models has been collected from the Ontario
Electricity Market for the year 2011 to 2015 and tested for a long time period of more than two years
(28 months) from November 2012 to February 2015 with one month estimation moving window.
Five Objective Optimization Using Naïve & Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) for Green Microalgae Culture Conditions for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Eswari Jujjavarapu Satya , Tripathi Manwendra Kumar , Dhagat Swasti , Karn Santosh Kr. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Renewable sources of energy like biodiesel are substitute energy fuel which are made from renewable bio sources or biomasses. Due to many advantages of using algae (Chlorella sp), we performed design of experiments in terms of functional and biochemical factors such as biomass, chlorophyll content, protein moiety and carbohydrate and lipid contents.Objective:Our objective is maximization of lipid accumulation (y1) and chlorophyll content (y2) and minimization of carbohydrate consumption (y3), protein (y4) and biomass (y5) contents. By using the experimental data, the regression model has been developed in order to obtain the desired response (biomass, chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrate and lipid) therefore it is necessary to optimize input conditions. The pre-optimization stage is an important part and useful for the production of biodiesel as biomass which is renewable energy to improve the quality.Methodology:The corresponding input and output conditions with multi-objective optimisation using naïve & sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) is X1=0.99, X2=0.001, X3=-1.111, X4=0.01 and Lipid= 42.34, Chlorophyll=1.1212 (µgmL-1), Carbohydrate= 24.54%, Protein= 0.0742 (mgmL-1), Biomass=0.999 (gL-1).Conclusion:The multi-objective optimization NSGA prediction is compared with the response surface model combined with a genetic algorithm (RSM-GA) and we observed better productivity with NSGA.