bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El movimiento Zapatista: una cultura politica híbrida y paradójica
Authors: Montesano Montessori Nicolina 
Published: January 2019

Este artículo revela el carácter híbrido del movimiento zapatista (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) que salió a la luz el 1 de enero 1994 en protesta en contra del tratado libre de comercio (TLC) entre México, Canadá y EEUU que entró en vigor ese mismo día. El movimiento lanzó la lucha armada en contra del gobierno, bajo el eslogan ‘Nunca más un México sin nosotros’. En su declaración de la Selva Lacandona, declara la guerra al ejército federal mexicano. El movimiento hizo todo lo posible para evitar una clasificación fácil por lo cual todas las interpretaciones univocas como un movimiento social nuevo, o un movimiento neo-indígena o pan maya o una guerrilla tradicional resultaron, más bien, ser equívocas. Este articulo dará un repaso a estas interpretaciones y subraya el carácter híbrido del movimiento. Si lo híbrido era parte de una política consciente y intentada, este artículo también señalará una serie de paradojas no intentados pero que salieron a la luz como resultado de un análisis detenido del discurso Zapatista. Las reflecciones finales definen la importancia de este movimiento para el mundo entero y presenta sugerencias para la investigación futura.
Relationship between physical and cognitive performance in community dwelling, ethnically diverse older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sherwood Jennifer J. , Inouye Cathy , Webb Shannon L. , Zhou Ange , Anderson Erik A. , Spink Nicole S. 
Published: January 2019

Background
Regular exercise training stimulates physiological adaptations to improve physical performance, reduce chronic disease risk, and slow age-related cognitive decline. Since the physiological mechanisms responsible for aging-associated cognitive decline are not yet fully understood, and training-induced physiological adaptations responsible for performance measure improvements are specific to the type (aerobic vs. strength) and intensity of training, studies are needed to assess the relationships between physical performance measures and cognitive performance in older adults. These results could be used to guide exercise prescriptions with the goal of improving age-related cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical performance measures and cognitive performance in a population of community dwelling, ethnically diverse older adults.

Methods
The cognitive performance of ninety independent, community dwelling participants (69 female, 21 male), aged 75 ± 9.5 years (mean ± SD) was measured with the Modified Mini-Mental State Test (3MS), Trailmaking Tests A and B (TMT A & B), and the Animal Naming test. Sociodemographic (age, sex, ethnicity, medication use, years of education) and anthropometric data were collected, physical activity was assessed with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), peak hand-grip strength, distance walked in the 6MWT, and heart rate pre-, during, and up to 5 min. post- 6MWT were measured. Forward stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed with each cognitive measure as a dependent variable.

Results and Discussion
Controlling for sociodemographic covariates, peak heart rate during the 6MWT (6MWT HRPEAK) was positively correlated with performance in the 3MS (p < 0.017), and TMT A (p < 0.001) and B (p < 0.029). Controlling for sociodemographic covariates, PASE was positively (p = 0.001), and β-blocker use negatively (p = 0.035), correlated with performance on the Animal Naming test. Also, controlling for sociodemographic covariates, PASE was positively correlated with performance on the TMT A (p = 0.017). Here we show that higher peak heart rate during the 6MWT is positively correlated with cognitive performance in a population of community dwelling, ethnically diverse older adults (ages 60–95 years).

Conclusion
Higher peak heart rate during the 6MWT was found to be independently and positively correlated with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Although additional work is needed, these results are promising and suggest that physicians, exercise professionals, and/or fitness/fall prevention programs may use peak heart rate during the 6MWT to easily monitor exercise intensity to support cognitive health.
The use of nitrogen stable isotope ratios to discriminate between organic and conventional olive cultivation
Authors: Pellegrino, Enzo Perri Cinzia Benincasa, Massimiliano 
Published: January 2019

Several studies have been conducted for the authentication of food products and the discrimination between conventional and organic vegetables from different geographical locations, but, the lack of information on the authenticity of olives according to the cultivation and fertilizer type makes its market sensitive to attempted frauds. In the present work, the difference and variation of nitrogen stable isotope ratios have been measured to assess olives authenticity with respect to cultivation practices. The results reported from this case study can be potentially applicable to discriminate between the use of natural organic or synthetic fertilizers in olive orchards.
The impact of environmental factors on the protein content and yield of maize grain at different nutrient supply levels
Authors: Attila Vad, Endre Harsányi Adrienn Széles, Éva Horváth, 
Published: January 2019

Climate change poses a new challenge for maize producers which calls for the re-thinking of each production technological element. Professional nutrient replenishment may represent an alternative for the mitigation of yield decrease caused by climate change by means of improving yield stability from the aspect of global food safety, as well as increasing yield and improving yield quality. In the course of a six-year (2011-2016) research, under changing climatic conditions we studied how different fertilization methods - 11 different N doses (0-300 kg ha-1) - affect the productivity of maize and protein content of grains.The experiment was carried out in Hungary (47o 33’ N, 21o 26’ E, asl: 111 m) in the long-term experiment of the University of Debrecen.
Role of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Murakami Takashi , Hiroshima Yukihiko , Matsuyama Ryusei , Homma Yuki , Hoffman Robert M. , Endo Itaru 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPancreatic cancer remains a highly recalcitrant disease despite the development of systemic chemotherapies. New treatment options are thus urgently required. Dense stromal formation, so‐called “desmoplastic stroma,” plays controversial roles in terms of pancreatic cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Cells such as cancer‐associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells comprise the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is considered an immune‐quiescent disease, but activation of immunological response in pancreatic cancer may contribute to favorable outcomes. Herein, we review the role of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, with a focus on immunological aspects.
Polybismutid‐Anionen als Liganden: der homoleptische Komplex [(Bi7)Cd(Bi7)]4− und der ternäre Cluster [(Bi6)Zn3(TlBi5)]4−
Authors: Lichtenberger Niels , Massa Werner , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDie Reaktivität des binären Anions (TlBi3)2− gegenüber Gruppe‐12‐Metallverbindungen MPh2 (M=Zn, Cd, Hg) wurde studiert, um einen Zugang zu Koordinationsverbindungen polyzyklischer Moleküle wie Bi73− oder Bi113− zu erhalten. Die Koordinationschemie dieser Polybismutid‐Käfige war bislang unklar, während sie für die leichteren Anionen der Gruppe 15, Pn73− (Pn=P, As, Sb), seit vielen Jahren bekannt ist. Kürzlich wurde gezeigt, dass (TlBi3)2− unter bestimmten Bedingungen in situ Tl abspaltet. Hier führte dieses Verhalten zur Bildung des ersten heterometallischen Anions, in dem Nortricyclan‐artige Polybismutid‐Käfige ein Übergangsmetallatom koordinieren, [(Bi7)Cd(Bi7)]4−. Reaktionen mit der Zink‐Vorstufe ergaben den ternären Cluster [(Bi6)Zn3(TlBi5)]4−, der sich als Reaktionsintermediat auffassen lässt und möglicherweise einen Einblick in die Bildung des Nortricyclan‐artigen Käfigs ermöglicht. Quantenchemische Studien offenbarten Stabilitätstrends der [(E7)M(E7)]4−‐Anionen und beleuchteten die komplexe Bindungssituation in [(Bi6)Zn3(TlBi5)]4−, in der lokalisierte und delokalisierte Bereiche koexistieren.
India's depleting groundwater: When science meets policy
Authors: Chindarkar Namrata , Grafton R. Quentin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA commonly applied policy to India's ongoing depletion of groundwater is feeder separation. Introduced in Gujarat as the Jyotigram Yojana (JGY) scheme, it provides a separate and rationed electricity supply to farmers and an unrationed power supply to non‐agricultural users. JGY is claimed to increase groundwater storage. By using Gujarat district‐level data from 1996 to 2011 and by separately applying difference‐in‐differences and Bayesian regressions, we find that groundwater storage has continued to decrease with JGY. We contend that our empirical results show that JGY has been implemented without adequate consideration of (1) a publication bias whereby researchers have a greater likelihood of having their results published if they are statistically significant and show a positive outcome and (2) a ‘barrier’ effect such that communicating evidence across science and policy divides means that evidence may not be accepted, even when true, and this limits policy advice and options.
Characterization and screening of metals, metalloids and biomarkers in crude oil by ICP–MS/OES, and GC–MS techniques after digestion by microwave‐induced combustion
Authors: Mohammad Abdul Karim‐Talaq , Hameed Abdullah Thamer , Alhamdany Mohammed Affan , Mohammad Al Azzam Khaldun , Talk Gaidaa Abd Alkareem 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA method for digestion of light and medium Iraqi crude oils (Basrah and Khanaken oils) using microwave‐induced combustion (MIC) in closed vessels is described for the determination of Hg, Au, Cu, Al, Ca, Co, K, Mg, Si and Sr by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) and Mo, Ti, Mn, Li, Se−1, Rb, Ag, Ba, Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, V and Zn by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Upon using MIC it was possible to obtain lower limits of detection by ICP–MS and also by ICP–OES compared with those obtained by microwave‐assisted digestion. The MIC was the best choice with regard to the possibility of using dilute nitric acid as an absorbing solution, which is important to minimize the interference encountered by ICP–MS and ICP–OES.The physicochemical parameters and some contaminants of crude oil samples were analyzed to classify and assess the quality of the crude oils. This study determines the viability of the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as an alternativee to traditional petroleum geochemical methods for crude oil characterization. The infrared fingerprints agree with the results obtained from GC–MS analysis.
Chemical Composition and Allelopathic, Phytotoxic and Pesticidal Activities of Atriplex canaLedeb. (Amaranthaceae) Essential Oil
Authors: Wei Caixia , Zhou Shixing , Li Wenjun , Jiang Chunyu , Yang Wan , Han Caixia , Zhang Chi , Shao Hua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe chemical composition and allelopathic, phytotoxic and pesticidal activities of Atriplex cana Ledeb. (Amaranthaceae) essential oil were investigated. Nineteen compounds were identified via GC/MS, representing 82.3 % of the total oil, and the most abundant constituents were dibutyl phthalate (21.79 %), eucalyptol (20.14 %) and myrtenyl acetate (15.56 %). The results showed that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by A. cana significantly inhibited seedling growth of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Poa annua L., and 80 g of fresh stems and leaves of A. cana in a 1.5 L airtight container almost completely suppressed the seed germination of both plants. Meanwhile, 5 μg/mL essential oil completely inhibited the seed germination of A. retroflexus, Medicago sativa L., P. annua and Echinochloa crusgalli L. Pesticidal testing revealed that the essential oil had strong behavioral avoidance and lethal effects on Aphis pomi DeGeer. Five microliters of essential oil/Petri dish treatment resulted in an 84.5 % mortality rate after 12 h, and the mortality rate reached nearly 100 % after 48 h. This report is the first one on the chemical composition as well as the biological activity of the essential oil of A. cana, and our results indicate that the oil is valuable in terms of being further exploited as a bioherbicide/insecticide.
Electrocatalytic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide with Amines and Arylketones
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Qian Peng , Hu Kangfei , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn efficient cross‐coupling reaction of carbon dioxide with amines and arylketones was developed by virtue of a simple electrochemical oxidation under mild and metal‐free conditions, providing a variety of O‐β‐oxoalkyl carbamates with moderate to good yields.
Metal‐Organic Framework Derived N/C Supported Austenite Nanoparticles as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysts
Authors: Yang Jiao‐Jiao , Mi Jian‐Li , Yang Xue‐Jing , Zhang Peng , Jin Li‐Na , Li Long‐Hua , Ao Zhimin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAustenite (γ‐Fe) is thermodynamically unstable at room temperature. Relatively little attention has been directed in the past for the synthesis and properties of γ‐Fe nanoparticles. Herein, we demonstrate a NaOH‐assisted and metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived method to prepare a novel catalyst featured by γ‐Fe nanoparticles encapsulated into the porous N‐doped carbon matrix. The Fe atoms doped in the MOF structure play an important role in the formation of stable γ‐Fe. The catalysts exhibit superior catalytic activity with the four‐electron transfer pathway for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solution. Besides the Fe−Nx sites, γ‐Fe nanoparticles are believed to play an important role in the superior ORR activity. However, it is suggested that the metal nanoparticles are not ORR active species, whereas they may activate the surrounding N/C layers, thus making the N/C layers more active toward ORR. In addition, the oxidized surface of the metal nanoparticles may also act as active species contributing to the ORR activity.
Cerebral micro‐bleeding identification based on a nine‐layer convolutional neural network with stochastic pooling
Authors: Wang Shuihua , Sun Junding , Mehmood Irfan , Pan Chichun , Chen Yi , Zhang Yu‐Dong 
Published: January 2019

SummaryCerebral micro‐bleedings are small chronic brain hemorrhages caused by structural abnormalities of the small vessels. CMBs can be found from individuals with stroke at memory clinics and even healthy elderly people. CMBs indicate hemorrhage‐prone pathological states. Research shows that CMBs are associated with an increased risk of future ischemic stroke, intra‐cerebral hemorrhage (ICH), dementia, and death. Considering that CMBs severely influence people's life, it is necessary to identify the CMBs in an early stage to prevent from further deterioration and to help people live a healthy life. In this paper, we proposed using CNN with stochastic pooling for the CMB detection. CNN has good performance in image and video recognition, recommender system, and nature language processing. Based on the collected subject, the experiment result shows that the six‐convolution layer and three fully‐connected layer CNN, nine‐layers in total, achieved sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision as 97.22%, and 97.35%, 97.28%, and 97.35% in average of ten runs, which shows better performance than five state‐of‐the‐art methods.
A Phthalocyanine‐ortho‐Carborane Conjugate for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and in vitro Tests
Authors: Nar Ilgın , Bortolussi Silva , Postuma Ian , Atsay Armağan , Berksun Ekin , Viola Elisa , Ferrari Cinzia , Cansolino Laura , Ricciardi Giampaolo , Donzello Maria Pia , Hamuryudan Esin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBoronated molecular systems can be applied to boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Among these systems, carborane‐containing phthalocyanines (Pcs) are the most promising BNCT agents. Herein we report the new zinc (II) complex of the hexacationic Pc 6, which has been obtained as iodide salt through quaternization of the neutral precursor with methyl iodide. Compound 6 was synthesized over a sequence of four steps. The complex, and its precursors as well, were characterized by a combination of spectroscopic techniques, and their structures assessed by 1H, 13C, 11B, and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy experiments. Together with a marked tendency to aggregate, 6 showed appreciable solubility in water. Singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) of 0.38, and fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of 0.13 were obtained for 6 in a DMF solution. The complex proved to be very effective in enriching UMR‐106 cells with 10B, showing very good performance even in case of very low concentrations exposure, i. e. 1 ppm, that moreover resulted in a mild cytotoxic effect. Such a feature can be related to the polycationic nature of the complex, and hence to the well‐known propensity of positively charged species to enter the cellular membrane or to adhere to its external surface.
2,5‐Dimethoxybenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxaldehyde: An Emissive Organic Crystal and Highly Efficient Fluorescent Waveguide
Authors: Hayashi Shotaro , Koizumi Toshio , Kamiya Natsumi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo identify the simplest organic structure for an emitter, we focused on 2,5‐dimethoxybenzene‐1,4‐dicarboaldehyde. This symmetric molecule has a very low molecular weight (MW=194), a single benzene unit, and consists of only three elements (H, C and O). It forms highly efficient and pure emitting crystals (λem=499 nm, ΦF=0.42, FWHM=42 nm) due to the rigid structure based on the single benzene framework and four intramolecular hydrogen bonds between electron‐donating methoxy and electron‐accepting aldehyde groups. This crystal acts as a good optical waveguide with pure green emission (FWHM=34 nm) and very low loss coefficient (0.00120 dB/μm).
Cobalt–Tannin‐Framework‐Derived Amorphous Co−P/Co−N−C on N, P Co‐Doped Porous Carbon with Abundant Active Moieties for Efficient Oxygen Reactions and Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Shuai , Jang Haeseong , Wang Jia , Wu Zexing , Liu Xien , Cho Jaephil 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt remains a tremendous challenge to develop a low‐cost, earth‐abundant, and efficient catalyst with multifunctional activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a facile and scalable avenue was developed to prepare amorphous Co−P/Co−N−C supported on N, P co‐doped porous carbon (Co−P/Co−N−C/NPC) with a large specific surface area (1462.9 m2 g−1) and abundant reactive sites including Co−P, Co−N and NPC. The prepared electrocatalyst exhibits outstanding catalytic performance for HER (η=234 mV at 10 mA cm−2), OER (η=374 mV at 10 mA cm−2), and ORR (E1/2=0.89 V, vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). Benefiting from the excellent HER performance and outstanding OER activity, the Co−P/Co−N−C/NPC delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting at a cell voltage of 1.59 V, which is comparable with the IrO2–Pt/C couple electrode.
Plant phenological sensitivity to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau and relative to other areas of the world
Authors: Suonan Ji , Classen Aimée T. , Sanders Nathan J. , He Jin‐Sheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlobal warming and changes in precipitation are altering the phenology of plants that significantly impact the functioning and services of ecosystems. Although a number of studies have addressed responses of plant phenology to warming and altered precipitation individually, their interactions can alter plant phenology differently than either does independently. To explore how the interactions between global change drivers alter alpine ecosystems, we conducted a factorial experiment manipulating warming (ambient and +2°C) and altered precipitation (50% decrease, control, and 50% increase) simultaneously in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Over two years, we monitored plant phenological events, leaf‐out day and first flowering day, for 11 common plant species that account for 74.4% of the total above biomass. Surprisingly, there was no interaction between warming and changes in precipitation on community plant phenology, but warming advanced leaf‐out and first flowering day by 7.10 and 9.79 d, respectively. Unlike the community response, plant functional groups had a variety of direct and interactive responses to the experimental climate drivers. While the phenology of legumes was most influenced by temperature, temperature and precipitation interacted to alter the phenology of grasses and forbs. To explore how plant phenological sensitivity on the Tibetan Plateau is compared with other meadow ecosystems, we combined our dataset with a global plant phenology dataset. Interestingly, the phenological sensitivity of leaf‐out day and first flowering day on the Tibetan Plateau is 7.3 and 37.8 times greater than global phenological sensitivity, respectively. This result highlights that a meta‐analysis of global phenological sensitivity may significantly underestimate change in some regions—even regions as large as the Tibetan Plateau. Together, our results suggest that the Tibetan Plateau may experience rapid change as temperatures warm and that these changes will likely be more rapid than in other regions of the world. Further, our study highlights that if we are to make accurate predictions of how plant phenology may change with warming, we need to understand the specific environmental cues that drive phenological responses across different areas.
Effects of Charge Cutoff Potential on an Electrolyte Additive for LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2–Mesocarbon Microbead Full Cells
Authors: Deng Bangwei , Wang Hao , Li Xiang , Ding Yan , Sun Daming , Ma Jun , Chen Mianzhong , Chen Tao , Gao Feng , Qu Meizhen , Peng Gongchang 
Published: January 2019

Tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSPi) has been reported to be an excellent electrolyte additive. However, scarce reports exist on the effect of the charge cutoff potential on the cyclic stability using high‐performance LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622)–mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) full cells. Herein, a high‐loading and repeatable NCM622–MCMB coin‐type full cell is successfully prepared, and the role of TMSPi on such a full cell at charge cutoff potentials of 4.25 and 4.45 V is studied. Theoretical calculations and detailed analyses reveal that it is oxidized in the first charging process due to its unsaturated P—O bonds, thus forming a stable P—O—F‐rich cathode electrolyte interphase and preventing severe decomposition of the electrolyte over NCM622 during long‐term cycling. In addition, the P—O and Si—O bonds of TMSPi both display HF‐scavenging ability. Moreover, TMSPi may react directly with the LiPF6‐based electrolyte to form some intermediate products that can be reduced on the MCMB electrode, thereby modifying the solid electrolyte interphase and improving the stability of MCMB during lithium intercalation.