bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular conspicuity differs among injection protocols and scanner types for canine multiphasic abdominal computed tomographic angiography
Authors: Thierry Florence , Chau Jennifer , Makara Mariano , Specchi Swan , Auriemma Edoardo , Longo Maurizio , Handel Ian , Schwarz Tobias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMultiphasic multidetector computed tomographic angiography is a standard diagnostic test for canine abdominal vascular disorders. Three imaging protocols have been previously described. The test‐bolus protocol allows precise timing but can be time consuming to perform. Bolus‐tracking software is fast and easy to use but can be problematic for exact timing of vascular phases. A recently described fixed‐injection‐duration protocol is not influenced by body weight and provides a wider temporal window for arterial acquisitions. Objectives of this retrospective and prospective, multicentric, method comparison study were to determine which of the three multidetector computed tomographic angiography protocols allows best vascular conspicuity of the canine abdomen and to assess the influence of different multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanners on study quality. Triple‐phase multidetector computed tomographic angiography canine abdominal studies from 30 dogs were retrospectively retrieved from three different institutions. Each institution performed one of the three computed tomographic angiography protocols (4‐row and 16‐row multidetector CT). Prospectively, the three protocols were also acquired with similar conditions on a 64‐row MDCT in 21 dogs. Main abdominal vessels were scored by blinded readers for each phase. The fixed‐injection‐duration protocol had the best combined arterial and portal vascular conspicuity on scanners of limited speed, while the test‐bolus protocol provided the best overall vascular conspicuity on 64‐row multidetector CT scanner. The quality of arterial studies performed on 64‐row MDCT scanner was improved compared to the ones performed on four‐ to 16‐row multidetector CT scanners. Findings supported the fixed‐injection‐duration protocol as the best compromise between an ideal portal vascular enhancement and an easily reproducible protocol on scanners with low and high number of detector rows.
Postnatal deficiency of ADAMTS1 ameliorates thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in mice
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Liu Yuting , Zhao Guizhen , He Li , Fu Yi , Yu Changan , Wang Zhizhi , Zhao Tingting , Cao Fan , Gao Yanxiang , Kong Wei , Zheng Jingang 
Published: September 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) is characterized by extracellular matrix remodelling and an inflammatory response. Evidence suggests that ADAMTS1 is closely associated with TAAD development, but whether it contributes to the pathophysiology of TAAD remains unknown.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We generated inducible postnatal ADAMTS1 knockout mice and found that ADAMTS1 deficiency attenuated β‐aminopropionitrile‐dependent TAAD formation and rupture. Furthermore, ADAMTS1 deficiency suppressed neutrophil and macrophage infiltration by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine levels and macrophage migration during the early stage of β‐aminopropionitrile‐induced TAAD. ADAMTS1 could be a new therapeutic target for TAAD.
AbstractThoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD), as a life‐threatening cardiovascular disease, is characterized by extracellular matrix remodelling and an inflammatory response. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1) is an inflammation‐related protein that is able to degrade extracellular matrix proteins in arteries. Herein, we investigated whether ADAMTS1 contributes to the pathophysiology of TAAD in mice. Using the mouse model of β‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN)‐induced TAAD, we found that ADAMTS1 expression was upregulated beginning in the early stage of TAAD development and localized predominantly in the aortic adventitia. ADAMTS1‐floxed mice and whole‐body tamoxifen‐inducible ADAMTS1 knockout mice (ADAMTS1flox/flox Ubc‐CreERT2+, ADAMTS1 KO) were generated to investigate the direct causal role of ADAMTS1 in TAAD development. The incidence and rupture rates of BAPN‐induced TAAD in ADAMTS1 KO mice were significantly lower than those in ADAMTS1flox/flox mice (45.5 versus 81.8% and 18.2 versus 42.4%, respectively). Aortas from BAPN‐treated ADAMTS1flox/flox mice displayed profound destruction of the elastic lamellae, abundant neutrophil and macrophage accumulation in the adventitia, obviously increased neutrophil proportions in peripheral blood and significantly increased expression of inflammatory factors in the early stage of TAAD induction, all of which were markedly suppressed in ADAMTS1 KO mice. Furthermore, ADAMTS1‐deficient macrophages exhibited abrogated migration capacity both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, ADAMTS1 plays a crucial role in postnatal TAAD formation and rupture by regulating inflammatory responses, suggesting that ADAMTS1 might be a new therapeutic target for TAAD.
Conceptual Flutter Analysis of Labyrinth Seals Using Analytical Models—Part I: Theoretical Support
Authors: Corral Roque , Vega Almudena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA simple nondimensional model to describe the flutter onset of labyrinth seals is presented. The linearized mass and momentum integral equations for a control volume which represents the interfin seal cavity, retaining the circumferential unsteady flow perturbations created by the seal vibration, are used. First, the downstream fin is assumed to be choked, whereas in a second step the model is generalized for unchoked exit conditions. An analytical expression for the nondimensional work-per-cycle is derived. It is concluded that the stability of a two-fin seal depends on three nondimensional parameters, which allow explaining seal flutter behavior in a comprehensive fashion. These parameters account for the effect of the pressure ratio, the cavity geometry, the fin clearance, the nodal diameter (ND), the fluid swirl velocity, the vibration frequency, and the torsion center location in a compact and interrelated form. A number of conclusions have been drawn by means of a thorough examination of the work-per-cycle expression, also known as the stability parameter by other authors. It was found that the physics of the problem strongly depends on the nondimensional acoustic frequency. When the discharge time of the seal cavity is much greater than the acoustic propagation time, the damping of the system is very small and the amplitude of the response at the resonance conditions is very high. The model not only provides a unified framework for the stability criteria derived by Ehrich (1968, “Aeroelastic Instability in Labyrinth Seals,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 90(4), pp. 369–374) and Abbot (1981, “Advances in Labyrinth Seal Aeroelastic Instability Prediction and Prevention,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 103(2), pp. 308–312), but delivers an explicit expression for the work-per-cycle of a two-fin rotating seal. All the existing and well-established engineering trends are contained in the model, despite its simplicity. Finally, the effect of swirl in the fluid is included. It is found that the swirl of the fluid in the interfin cavity gives rise to a correction of the resonance frequency and shifts the stability region. The nondimensionalization of the governing equations is an essential part of the method and it groups physical effects in a very compact form. Part I of the paper details the derivation of the theoretical model and draws some preliminary conclusions. Part II of the corresponding paper analyzes in depth the implications of the model and outlines the extension to multiple cavity seals.
Transmission Surveillance for Antimicrobial-Resistant Organisms in the Health System
Authors: Pitout Johann D. D. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Surveillance of antibiotic resistance involves the collection of antibiotic susceptibility patterns undertaken by clinical microbiology laboratories on bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Global surveillance programs have shown that antibiotic resistance is a major threat to the public at large and play a crucial role in the development of enhanced diagnostics as well as potential vaccines and novel antibiotics with activity against antimicrobial-resistant organisms. This review focuses primarily on examples of global surveillance systems. Local, national, and global integrated surveillance programs with sufficient data linkage between these schemes, accompanied by enhanced genomics and user-friendly bioinformatics systems, promise to overcome some of the stumbling blocks encountered in the understanding, emergence, and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.
Causality in Biological Transmission: Forces and Energies
Authors: Baquero Fernando 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Transmission is a basic process in biology that can be analyzed in accordance with information theory. A sender or transmitter located in a particular patch of space is the source of the transmitted object, the message. A receiver patch interacts to receive the message. The “messages” that are transmitted between patches (eventually located in different hierarchical biological levels) are “meaningful” biological entities (biosemiotics).
cis
-acting transmission occurs when unenclosed patches acting as emitter and receiver entities of the same hierarchical level are linked (frequently by a vehicle) across an unfit space;
trans
-acting transmission occurs between biological individuals of different hierarchical levels, embedded within a close external common limit. To understand the causal frame of transmission events, we analyze the ultimate, but most importantly also the proximate, causes of transmission. These include the repelling, centrifugal “forces” influencing the transmission (emigration) and the attractive, centripetal “energies” involved in the reception (immigration). As transmission is a key process in evolution, creating both genetic-embedded complexity-diversity (
trans
-acting transmission, as introgression), and exposure to novel and alternative patches-environments (
cis
-acting transmission, as migration), the causal frame of transmission shows the
cis
-evolutionary and
trans
-evolutionary dimensions of evolution.
DHA supplementation improves cognitive function via enhancing Aβ-mediated autophagy in Chinese elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ping , Lou Yinyin , Hu Jing , Miao Rujuan , Ma Fei 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundHigher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake is inversely correlated with relative risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The potential benefits of DHA supplementation in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have not been fully examined.ObjectiveOur study aimed to assess the effect of a 24-month DHA supplementation on cognitive function and amyloid beta (Aβ)-mediated autophagy in elderly subjects with MCI.MethodsThis was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Tianjin, China. A total of 240 individuals with MCI were identified and randomly divided into intervention (DHA 2 g/day, n=120) and control (corn oil as placebo, n=120) groups. Cognitive function and blood Aβ-related biomarkers were measured at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equation.ResultsA total of 217 participants (DHA: 109, placebo: 108) completed the trial. During the follow-up, scores of full-scale IQ, verbal IQ and subdomains of information and digit span were significantly higher in the intervention group than the convention group (p<0.05). In the intervention group, blood Aβ-42 level and expression of Aβ protein precursor mRNA were decreased (p<0.05), while Beclin-1 and LC3-II levels and expression of LC3-II mRNA were increased (p<0.05).ConclusionDaily oral DHA supplementation (2 g/day) for 24 months may improve cognitive function and change blood biomarker-related Aβ-mediated autophagy in people with MCI. Larger longer-term confirmatory studies are warranted.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IOR-15006058.
Crossing Y-Solitaire thrombectomy as a rescue treatment for refractory acute occlusions of the middle cerebral artery
Authors: Aydin Kubilay , Barburoglu Mehmet , Oztop Cakmak Ozgur , Yesilot Nilufer , Vanli Ebru Nur Yavuz , Akpek Sergin 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy using a stent retriever has become the standard of care for acute large-vessel occlusions in the anterior circulation. Clots that are refractory to single stent retriever thrombectomy remain a challenge for neurointerventionalists.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of double stent retriever (crossing Y-Solitaire) thrombectomy as a rescue treatment for acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions that are refractory to single stent retriever thrombectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the databases of our hospitals to identify patients who presented with an acute MCA occlusion and were treated with crossing Y-Solitaire thrombectomy. The angiographic (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) scale) and clinical outcomes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores) and complications were assessed.ResultsTen patients were included in the study. The median initial NIHSS score and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) were 19.0 and 9.6, respectively. Crossing Y-Solitaire thrombectomy was performed as a rescue technique after unsuccessful single Solitaire thrombectomy passes in all cases. Successful recanalization (TICI 2b/3) was achieved in 8 (80%) patients. We observed asymptomatic reperfusion hemorrhages in 2 (20%) patients. No procedural related complications were seen other than reversible vasospasms in 5 (50%) patients. Sixty percent of the patients had a mRS score of between 2 and 0 at 90 days after the procedure. There was no mortality.ConclusionCrossing Y-Solitaire thrombectomy seems to be an effective and safe alternative rescue technique to treat refractory MCA bifurcation occlusions that are refractory to standard thrombectomy procedures.
Exploring the Gaps of Metacompetencies Between Entrepreneurs and Students
Authors: Ustav Sirje 
Published: September 2018

The concept of metacompetencies has not much attracted entrepreneurship research though indicated having a fundamental role in successful entrepreneurial activity. The few studies have so far based on student samples only, so there is no empirical data demonstrating how this theoretical construct is practically used in entrepreneurship. Moreover, the question being in the focus of this paper, is how metacompetencies differ when comparing groups of entrepreneurs and students. This study aims to look into these gaps.Assessing metacompetencies empirically by employing the phenomenological mode of enquiry we can explore the phenomena of metacompetencies in an entrepreneurial setting by studying thirty in-depth interviews with active entrepreneurs. It appears that metacompetencies are in frequent practical use and, more specifically this paper establishes how metacognition, meta-affection, and metaconation interact within the environment of entrepreneurship. Confronted with similar results from student reflections, the comparison reveals important discrepancies in terms of procedural knowledge and an awareness of motivation and temperament for educators to address in order to foster entrepreneurial behaviour.
Preliminary results for natural groundwater colloids in sedimentary rocks of the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Sasamoto Hiroshi , Onda Shingo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Colloid concentration is an important parameter in models of colloid-facilitated transport. The purpose of the present study is to characterize colloid concentrations and colloid stability in natural groundwater from the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in Hokkaido, Japan. The particle sizes of colloids in groundwaters from the Horonobe URL range from several nanometres to
c.
500 nm, with a mode particle size of
c.
120 nm. Evaluation of colloid stability by DLVO theory suggests that larger colloids (i.e. >100 nm in diameter) would be more stable than smaller colloids in some groundwaters. The estimated colloid particle concentrations when considering the results of DLVO calculations ranged from 2.33 × 10
6
to 1.12 × 10
8
particles/ml, and mass concentrations were estimated to range from 45 to 1540 µg l
−1
for diameters greater than 100 nm. Colloids in Horonobe groundwaters appear to be less stable, with a moderate potential for transport, than colloids investigated in similar international studies. This reduced stability may be due to relatively higher ionic strengths and moderate dissolved organic concentrations in Horonobe groundwaters compared to their international counterparts.
Experience
Authors: Koumarelas Ioannis , Kroschk Axel , Mosley Clifford , Naumann Felix 
Published: September 2018

Given a query record, record matching is the problem of finding database records that represent the same real-world object. In the easiest scenario, a database record is completely identical to the query. However, in most cases, problems do arise, for instance, as a result of data errors or data integrated from multiple sources or received from restrictive form fields. These problems are usually difficult, because they require a variety of actions, including field segmentation, decoding of values, and similarity comparisons, each requiring some domain knowledge.
In this article, we study the problem of matching records that contain address information, including attributes such as Street-address and City. To facilitate this matching process, we propose a domain-specific procedure to, first, enrich each record with a more complete representation of the address information through geocoding and reverse-geocoding and, second, to select the best similarity measure per each address attribute that will finally help the classifier to achieve the best f-measure. We report on our experience in selecting geocoding services and discovering similarity measures for a concrete but common industry use-case.
КЛІНІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ ТКАНИН ПАРОДОНТА (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Shevchuk M. М. 
Published: September 2018

Periodontal disease is one of the most complex problems of modern dentistry. It is known that in the development of periodontal disease, a prominent role belongs to local factors, but systemic processes, which lead to profound changes in the internal environment of the organism and structural damage to the periodontal tissues, play an important role. It is proved that generalized periodontitis is pathogenetically closely associated with the pathology of internal organs, and inflammatory and dystrophic-inflammatory lesions of parodontium are largely secondary to systemic processes in the body that underlie a number of diseases of the internal organs. Scientists from all over the world believe that periodontal diseases are etiological and pathogenetic factors to heterogeneous diseases, in which the etiology and pathogenesis of a complex of immunological, biochemical, structural and other pathological changes in mechanisms of inflammatory alteration around dental tissues is observed, and metabolic disorders in the body are accompanied by pathochemical , morphological, immune and biological changes in parodontium. In this regard, promising directions for studying the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases include the identification of factors that affect the entire human body and periodontal tissue in particular. In the body of the patient with generalized periodontitis there are numerous processes, the interaction of which depends on the nature of the course of the disease and the peculiarities of the formation of a local pathological center. The most important is the association of the endocrine and immune system, the violation of the functional state which promotes the development of deep metabolic disorders in the periodontal tissues. As a result of the review of scientific publications and own observations, the most common clinical symptoms and pathogenesis in inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues have been analyzed. Clinical symptoms of inflammatory diseases are considered as sublimation of their pathogenetic bases, as clinical manifestations of basic for pathology of processes. The conclusion is made on the need for an integrated approach in the treatment of periodontal diseases. The aim of the study – familiarization of broad medical public with the modern views on the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical symptoms in patients with periodontal tissue diseases.
Dividing Plato’s Kinds
Authors: Muniz Fernando , Rudebusch George 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA dilemma has stymied interpretations of the Stranger’s method of dividing kinds into subkinds in Plato’sSophistandStatesman. The dilemma assumes that the kinds are either extensions (like sets) or intensions (like Platonic Forms). Now kinds divide like extensions, not intensions. But extensions cannot explain the distinct identities of kinds that possess the very same members. We propose understanding a kind as like an animal body—the Stranger’s simile for division—possessing both an extension (in its members) and an intension (in its form). We find textual support in the Stranger’s paradigmatic four steps for collecting a subkind.
Advances from the nexus of animal behaviour and pathogen transmission: new directions and opportunities using contact networks
Authors: Leu Stephan T. , Godfrey Stephanie S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractContact network models have enabled significant advances in understanding the influence of behaviour on parasite and pathogen transmission. They are an important tool that links variation in individual behaviour, to epidemiological consequences at the population level. Here, in our introduction to this special issue, we highlight the importance of applying network approaches to disease ecological and epidemiological questions, and how this has provided a much deeper understanding of these research areas. Recent advances in tracking host behaviour (bio-logging: e.g., GPS tracking, barcoding) and tracking pathogens (high-resolution sequencing), as well as methodological advances (multi-layer networks, computational techniques) started producing exciting new insights into disease transmission through contact networks. We discuss some of the exciting directions that the field is taking, some of the challenges, and importantly the opportunities that lie ahead. For instance, we suggest to integrate multiple transmission pathways, multiple pathogens, and in some systems, multiple host species, into the next generation of network models. Corresponding opportunities exist in utilising molecular techniques, such as high-resolution sequencing, to establish causality in network connectivity and disease outcomes. Such novel developments and the continued integration of network tools offers a more complete understanding of pathogen transmission processes, their underlying mechanisms and their evolutionary consequences.
Scholarly Correspondence and the History of Philology: A Case Study of the Nineteenth-Century Netherlands
Authors: van Kalmthout Ton 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article offers some reflections on the use of correspondence for the history of scholarly disciplines. These reflections are based on a case study of two prominent philologists from the Netherlands: the historian and archivist Hendrik van Wijn (1740–1831) and the literary scholar and cultural historian Allard Pierson (1831–1896). After a short overview of the development of the object of research, methodology and professionalization of nineteenth-century philology, the article points out three aspects that make letters written by philologists a valuable source for the history of the discipline: their function as a carrier of knowledge and insights, the information they provide about the ethnology of knowledge, and the fact that they were used as a medium for confidential expression.