bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vacuum‐Powered Soft Pneumatic Twisting Actuators to Empower New Capabilities for Soft Robots
Authors: Jiao Zhongdong , Ji Chen , Zou Jun , Yang Huayong , Pan Min 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVacuum‐powered soft pneumatic actuators (V‐SPAs) are a promising enabling technology for a wide range of emerging applications, including artificial muscles, programmable locomotion, and flexible grippers. This is due to their flexible deformation, clean power supply, safe interaction with users, and high reliability compared with alternative actuators. A new vacuum‐powered soft pneumatic twisting actuator (V‐SPTA) is designed, which has a single seamless chamber and is completely soft, with no rigid frames. The actuator has two degrees of freedom (DoFs) and offers the advantages of diverse functions, ease of manufacture, high load capability, and is cost efficient. Their potential to achieve linear, twisting, and radial movements is shown by employing different combinations of V‐SPTAs. The feasibility of the V‐SPTA is demonstrated using prototypes based on flexible joint and wrist, rotating crawling robot, pipe‐climbing robot, and V‐SPTAs‐driven car. The V‐SPTA successfully enhances the capability of existing V‐SPAs by providing an important additional DoF. The work therefore expands the capability of soft robots while minimizing the complexity of actuator design and reducing the manufacturing cost.
High Brightness and Enhanced Stability of CsPbBr3‐Based Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes by Morphology and Interface Engineering
Authors: Liu Xue , Guo Xiaoyang , Lv Ying , Hu Yongsheng , Fan Yi , Lin Jie , Liu Xiaomin , Liu Xingyuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA CsPbBr3‐based all‐inorganic perovskite light‐emitting diode (PeLED) with ultrahigh brightness and enhanced stability is prepared by controlling of morphology and interface engineering. A nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is introduced into the CsPbBr3 film, which induces tightly arranged grains in the perovskite film, thus highly passivating the defects at the grain boundaries, resulting in a performance‐enhanced PeLED with a highest brightness of 111 000 cd m−2, a peak current efficiency (CE) of 21.1 cd A−1, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.55%, and an operational lifetime of 4.5 h. The device properties are further improved by adding an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate to modify the hole injection layer poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate. The hole current density is increased, further balancing the charge injection and transport. Finally, the optimal device displays an ultrahigh brightness of 179 000 cd m−2, a peak CE of 28.0 cd A−1, a maximum EQE of 7.39%, and a further prolonged lifetime of 6 h.
Assessing the pKa‐Dependent Activity of Hydroxyl Hydrogen Bond Donors in the Organocatalyzed Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide to Epoxides: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Yingcharoen Prapussorn , Kongtes Chutima , Arayachukiat Sunatda , Suvarnapunya Kittipong , Vummaleti Sai V. C. , Wannakao Sippakorn , Cavallo Luigi , Poater Albert , D' Elia Valerio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) as catalytic moieties in the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides is an active field of research to access efficient, inexpensive and sustainable metal‐free systems for the conversion of carbon dioxide to useful chemicals. Thus far, no systematic attempt to correlate the activity of a diverse selection of HBDs to their physico‐chemical properties has been undertaken. In this work, we investigate factors influencing the catalytic activity of hydroxyl HBDs from different chemical families under ambient conditions by considering the HBDs Brønsted acidity (expressed as pKa), the number of hydroxyls and structural aspects. As an effect, this study highlights the crucial role of the hydroxyl protons’ Brønsted acidity in determining the catalytic activity of the HBDs, identifies an ideal range for the hydroxyl HBDs proton acidity (9 <pKa <11) and leads to a revaluation of phenol and to the discovery of a simple ascorbic acid derivative as efficient HBDs for the title cycloaddition reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show mild reactions barriers for the reaction catalysed by phenol and suggest the occurrence of aggregation between molecules of ascorbic acid as a further factor affecting catalytic activity.magnified image
Recent Advances in Memory Devices with Hybrid Materials
Authors: Hwang Bohee , Lee Jang‐Sik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIncreasing demands for information‐storage capacity and for miniaturization of memory cells have driven exploration of new‐generation data storage devices, because the conventional Si‐based memory technology is approaching its fundamental physical limits. Hybrid materials and novel device structure may lead to a paradigm shift toward memory devices that have high density, multifunctionality, and low power consumption. Here, the structure and operation mechanism of resistive switching memory devices are described, then recent advances in hybrid materials (e.g., graphene‐based polymer composites, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials) for fabrication of these devices are summarized. How to increase the ON/OFF ratio and the density of memories, and to decrease programming voltage by selecting appropriate active materials, and engineering the active layers, are also demonstrated. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in memory devices based on hybrid materials are summarized.
Dual‐Functional Graphene Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Management
Authors: Kargar Fariborz , Barani Zahra , Balinskiy Michael , Magana Andres Sanchez , Lewis Jacob S. , Balandin Alexander A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of epoxy‐based composites with few‐layer graphene fillers, which are capable of dual‐functional applications, are reported. It is found that composites with certain types of few‐layer graphene fillers reveal an efficient total electromagnetic interference shielding, SEtot ≈ 45 dB, in the important X‐band frequency range, f = 8.2 −12.4 GHz, while simultaneously providing high thermal conductivity, K ≈ 8 W m−1 K−1, which is a factor of ×35 larger than that of the base matrix material. The efficiency of the dual‐functional application depends on the filler characteristics: thickness, lateral dimensions, aspect ratio, and concentration. Graphene loading fractions above the electrical and thermal “percolation thresholds” allow for strong enhancement of both the electromagnetic interference shielding and heat conduction properties. Interestingly, graphene composites can block the electromagnetic energy even below the electrical percolation threshold, remaining electrically insulating, which is an important feature for some types of thermal interface materials. The dual functionality of the graphene composites can substantially improve the electromagnetic shielding and thermal management of airborne systems while simultaneously reducing their weight and cost.
Loss of the GPI‐anchor in B‐lymphoblastic leukemia by epigenetic downregulation of PIGH expression
Authors: Loeff Floris C. , Rijs Kevin , van Egmond Esther H. M. , Zoutman Willem H. , Qiao Xiaohang , Kroes Wilhelmina G. M. , Veld Sabrina A. J. , Griffioen Marieke , Vermeer Maarten H. , Neefjes Jacques , Frederik Falkenburg J. H. , Halkes Constantijn J. M. , Jedema Inge 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdult B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is a hematological malignancy characterized by genetic heterogeneity. Despite successful remission induction with classical chemotherapeutics and novel targeted agents, enduring remission is often hampered by disease relapse due to outgrowth of a pre‐existing subclone resistant against the treatment. In this study, we show that small glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchor deficient CD52‐negative B‐cell populations are frequently present already at diagnosis in B‐ALL patients, but not in patients suffering from other B‐cell malignancies. We demonstrate that the GPI‐anchor negative phenotype results from loss of mRNA expression of the PIGH gene, which is involved in the first step of GPI‐anchor synthesis. Loss of PIGH mRNA expression within these B‐ALL cells follows epigenetic silencing rather than gene mutation or deletion. The coinciding loss of CD52 membrane expression may contribute to the development of resistance to alemtuzumab (ALM) treatment in B‐ALL patients resulting in the outgrowth of CD52‐negative escape variants. Additional treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine may restore expression of CD52 and revert ALM resistance.
Untersuchungen zu Grenzen der Bivalenz mit DNA‐basierter räumlicher Rasterung
Authors: Dubel Natali , Liese Susanne , Scherz Franziska , Seitz Oliver 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultivalenz kann eine Komplexbildung ermöglichen, selbst wenn monovalente Ligand/Rezeptor‐Interaktionen schwach sind. Allerdings sollte eine verstärkte Interaktion zweier multivalenter Bindungspartner vermieden werden können, beispielsweise falls bivalente Rezeptoren multimolekulare Wechselwirkungen eingehen, um Bindungspartner zu vernetzen. Hier stellen wir die erste systematische Untersuchung zu den Kriterien vor, die festlegen, ob ein bivalentes System von bivalenzverstärkten Wechselwirkungen profitiert oder verbrückende Bindungen eingeht. Wir verwendeten die DNA‐instruierte Selbstassemblierung, um Wirt‐Gast‐Systeme auf Basis von Cucurbit[7]uril und Adamantan in 70–360 Å Abständen anzuordnen. Messungen sowie Analysen mithilfe von statistischer Mechanik enthüllen, dass der Affinitätsgewinn von i) dem Abstand der Erkennungsmodule, ii) der Gerüstflexibilität und – am wichtigsten – iii) der Stärke der monovalenten Interaktion abhängt. Wir zeigen, dass der bivalente Effekt auch bei Abständen größer als 150 Å wirken kann und diskutieren, wie, in gegensätzlicher Weise, schwache monovalente Interaktionen die Konzentrationsgrenze für die quervernetzende Bindung erniedrigen. Die Ergebnisse sind von Interesse für das Design von Inhibitoren.
Segmental 13C‐Labeling and Raman Microspectroscopy of α‐Synuclein Amyloid Formation
Authors: Flynn Jessica D. , Jiang Zhiping , Lee Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMapping conformational changes of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) from soluble, unstructured monomers to β‐sheet‐ rich aggregates is crucial towards understanding amyloid formation. Raman microspectroscopy is now used to spatially resolve conformational heterogeneity of amyloid aggregates and monitor amyloid formation of segmentally 13C‐labeled α‐syn in real‐time. As the 13C‐isotope shifts the amide‐I stretching frequency to lower energy, the ligated construct, 13C1–8612CS87C–140‐α‐syn, exhibits two distinct bands allowing for simultaneous detection of secondary structural changes in N‐terminal 1–86 and C‐terminal 87–140 residues. The disordered‐to‐β‐sheet conformational change is first observed for the N‐terminal followed by the C‐terminal region. Finally, Raman spectroscopic changes occurred prior to Thioflavin T fluorescence enhancement, indicating that the amide‐I band is a superior probe of amyloid formation.
Pyridinethiol‐Assisted Dissolution of Elemental Gold in Organic Solutions
Authors: Räisänen Minna , Heliövaara Eeva , Al‐Qaisi Feda'a , Muuronen Mikko , Eronen Aleksi , Liljeqvist Henri , Nieger Martin , Kemell Marianna , Moslova Karina , Hämäläinen Jani , Lagerblom Kalle , Repo Timo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDissolution of elemental gold in organic solutions is a contemporary approach to lower the environmental burden associated with gold recycling. Herein, we describe fundamental studies on a highly efficient method for the dissolution of elemental Au that is based on DMF solutions containing pyridine‐4‐thiol (4‐PSH) as a reactive ligand and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Dissolution of Au proceeds through several elementary steps: isomerization of 4‐PSH to pyridine‐4‐thione (4‐PS), coordination with Au0, and then oxidation of the Au0 thione species to AuI simultaneously with oxidation of free pyridine thione to elemental sulfur and further to sulfuric acid. The final dissolution product is a AuI complex bearing two 4‐PS ligands and SO42− as a counterion. The ligand is crucial as it assists the oxidation process and stabilizes and solubilizes the formed Au cations.
Incorporation of Homochirality into a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Membrane for Efficient Chiral Separation
Authors: Chan Jun Yong , Zhang Huacheng , Nolvachai Yada , Hu Yaoxin , Zhu Haijin , Forsyth Maria , Gu Qinfen , Hoke David E. , Zhang Xiwang , Marriot Philip J. , Wang Huanting 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHomochiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained much attention because of their chiral properties and disposition for chiral separation. However, the fabrication of high‐quality homochiral MOF membranes remains challenging because of the difficulty in controlling growth of MOF membranes with chiral functionalities. A homochiral zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) membrane is reported for efficient chiral separation. The membrane is synthesized by incorporating a natural amino acid, l‐histidine (l‐His), into the framework of ZIF‐8. The homochiral l‐His‐ZIF‐8 membrane exhibits a good selectivity for the R‐enantiomer of 1‐phenylethanol over the S‐enantiomer, showing a high enantiomeric excess value up to 76 %.
Exploring the Limits of Bivalency by DNA‐Based Spatial Screening
Authors: Dubel Natali , Liese Susanne , Scherz Franziska , Seitz Oliver 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultivalency can facilitate complex formation when monovalent receptor–ligand interactions are weak. However, enhanced binding of two multivalent binding partners should be avoidable, for example when bivalent receptors ought to utilize multimolecular interactions to cross‐link binding partners. We herein report the first systematic study to assess the criteria deciding whether a bivalent system engages in bivalency‐enhanced interactions or cross‐linking. We used DNA‐instructed self‐assembly to arrange the cucurbit[7]uril–adamantane host–guest system in 70–360 Å distance. Measurements and statistical mechanics analyses revealed that the affinity gain is controlled by 1) the distance between recognition modules, 2) the scaffold flexibility, and, importantly, 3) the strength of the monovalent interaction. We show that the bivalency effect can extend beyond 150 Å and discuss how, on the contrary, weak monovalent interactions reduce the concentration threshold for cross‐linking. The findings are of interest for inhibitor design.
Mild Ring‐Opening 1,3‐Hydroborations of Non‐Activated Cyclopropanes
Authors: Wang Di , Xue Xiao‐Song , Houk Kendall N. , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Brown hydroboration reaction, first reported in 1957, is the addition of B−H across an olefin in an anti‐Markovnikov fashion. Here, we solved a long‐standing problem on mild 1,3‐hydroborations of non‐activated cyclopropanes. A three‐component system including cyclopropanes, boron halides, and hydrosilanes has been developed for borylative ring‐opening of cyclopropanes following the anti‐Markovnikov rule, under mild reaction conditions. Density functional theory (M06‐2X) calculations show that the preferred pathway involves a cationic boron intermediate which is quenched by hydride transfer from the silane.
Counteranion‐ and Solvent‐Mediated Chirality Transfer in the Supramolecular Polymerization of Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Wan Qingyun , Xiao Xin‐Shan , To Wai‐Pong , Lu Wei , Chen Yong , Low Kam‐Hung , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe chirality of supramolecular polymeric materials is subtly affected by a delicate balance among various non‐covalent interactions, the details of which are inadequately understood. Now, a fine balance of intermolecular interactions, including closed‐shell metal–metal, dispersive and electrostatic interactions, is used to direct the delicate orientation of monomeric building blocks, thereby achieving the successful preparation of different nanostructures with distinct supramolecular chirality. Moreover, kinetically trapped and thermodynamically stable aggregates were monitored over time in the supramolecular polymerization of cationic PtII complexes. The dynamic self‐assembly process can be successfully controlled by modifying the counteranion and solvent composition. A chiral doping approach can also be used to induce the chirality of an achiral PtII complex at the supramolecular level.
Novel Fe3O4/hydroxyapatite/β‐cyclodextrin nanocomposite adsorbent: Synthesis and application in heavy metal removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Ansari Ali , Vahedi Shahrokh , Tavakoli Omid , Khoobi Mehdi , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2018

The increased global concern on environmental protection has made researchers focus their attention on new and more efficient methods of pollutant removal. In this research, novel nanocomposite adsorbents,i.e., magnetic hydroxyapatite (Fe3O4@HA) and magnetic hydroxyapatite β‐cyclodextrin (Fe3O4@HA‐CD) were synthesized and used for heavy metal removal. The adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, VSM, and SEM. In order to investigate the effect of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) removal efficiency, adsorption results of nine metal ions were compared for both adsorbents. β‐CD showed the most increasing effect for Cd2+ and Cu2+ removal, so these two ions were selected for further studies. The effect of diverse parameters including pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process was discussed. The optimum pH was 6 and adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 1 hr. Adsorption kinetic data were well fitted by pseudo‐second‐order model proposing that metal ions were adsorbed via chemical reaction. Adsorption isotherm was best described by the Langmuir model, and maximum adsorption capacity for Cd2+ and Cu2+ was 100.00 and 66.66 (mg/g), respectively. Desorption experiment was also done, and the most efficient eluent used for desorption of metal ions was EDTA (0.001 M) with 91% and 88% of Cd2+ and Cu2+ release, respectively. Recyclability studies also showed a 19% decrease in the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent after five cycles of regeneration. Therefore, the synthesized adsorbents were recognized as potential candidates for heavy metal adsorption applications.
Cytotoxicity of new pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one derivatives orchestrating oxidative stress in human triple‐negative breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐468)
Authors: Bouchmaa Najat , Ben Mrid Reda , Boukharsa Youness , Nhiri Mohamed , Ait Mouse Hassan , Taoufik Jamal , Ansar M'hammed , Zyad Abdelmajid 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a complex and aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by high morbidity and mortality. In the absence of targeted therapy, only chemotherapy is available in this case of cancer. The current study investigated the antitumor effect of new pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one derivatives on the human TNBC cell line, MD‐MB‐468. The in vitro cytotoxic activities were investigated using the tetrazolium‐based MTT assay. Lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content, and the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes were also determined. Two molecules, 6f and 7h, were found to be selectively highly active against tumor cells with IC50 values of 3.12 and 4.9 µM, respectively. Furthermore, cells exposed to 6f showed a significant increase in H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels, accompanied by a decrease in the enzyme activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The cytotoxicity of the compound 6f may improve the therapeutic efficacy of the current treatment for TNBC via the inhibition of GR and TrxR activities.
Mxene‐Directed Dual Amphiphilicity at Liquid, Solid, and Gas Interfaces
Authors: Duan Jingjing , Jiang Lili , Guo Xin , Chen Sheng , Wang Guoxiu , Zhao Chuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMXenes represent a category of two‐dimensional functional nanomaterials with remarkable structural and chemical properties, which have been manipulated into different architectures for versatile applications. These manipulation processes generally take place at the interfaces between liquid, solid, and gas; and therefore, the investigation of the interfacial property of MXenes is the key. Here we show that MXenes exhibit amphiphilic behaviours at interfaces. Different from common amphiphiles, MXenes have the dual function of both colloidal and molecular activities owing to their two abrupt structural length scales: their large lateral sheet size allows for behaving like colloidal amphiphiles for creating emulsions, while their small sheet thickness allows for serving as molecular amphiphiles for dispersing solid substances. Further, such dual colloidal‐molecular amphiphility has driven MXenes to accumulate at the interfaces of water and nitrogen gas, and the assembly into thin film electrodes for electrochemical energy storage. All these findings open up enormous opportunities for processing various MXenes‐related functional materials and devices.
Impact of postoperative complications on outcomes after oesophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Goense L , Meziani J , Ruurda J P , van Hillegersberg R 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
To allocate healthcare resources optimally, complication-related quality initiatives should target complications that have the greatest overall impact on outcomes after surgery. The aim of this study was to identify the most clinically relevant complications after oesophagectomy for cancer in a nationwide cohort study.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent oesophagectomy for cancer between January 2011 and December 2016 were identified from the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit. The adjusted population attributable fraction (PAF) was used to estimate the impact of specific postoperative complications on the clinical outcomes postoperative mortality, reoperation, prolonged hospital stay and readmission to hospital in the study population. The PAF represents the percentage reduction in the frequency of a given outcome (such as death) that would occur in a theoretical scenario where a specific complication (for example anastomotic leakage) was able to be prevented completely in the study population.

Results
Some 4096 patients were analysed. Pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage had the greatest overall impact on postoperative mortality (risk-adjusted PAF 44·1 and 30·4 per cent respectively), prolonged hospital stay (risk-adjusted PAF 31·4 and 30·9 per cent) and readmission to hospital (risk-adjusted PAF 7·3 and 14·7 per cent). Anastomotic leakage had the greatest impact on reoperation (risk-adjusted PAF 47·1 per cent). In contrast, the impact of other complications on these outcomes was relatively small.

Conclusion
Reducing the incidence of pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage may have the greatest clinical impact on outcomes after oesophagectomy.