bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of toxicity from the effluent generated in a furniture industry spray booth using the species Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa
Authors: Bolonhesi Isabela Bruna de Tavares Machado , Lopes Deize Dias 
Published: October 2018

This study evaluated the toxicity of effluent generated in a furniture industry spray booth, before and after treatment in a system composed of an anaerobic sequencing batch (ASBR) followed by an aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The toxicity tests were carried out with raw (with and without dilutions) and treated effluent to evaluate the toxic potential using Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa as bioindicators. The toxicity tests, using Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa, indicated that the anaerobic-aerobic treatment performed was efficient to reduce the toxicity of the paint booth effluent. The raw effluent, undiluted and diluted (at 1:10; 1:8 and 1:6 dilutions), showed toxic effect on the root growth of Allium cepa, as it inhibited root growth by 100%. In the tests with Lactuca sativa seeds, there was partial inhibition, between 44% and 63%, for 1:10 and 1:8 dilutions, but for the 1: 6 dilution and without dilution of effluent the inhibition was 100%. The treated effluent, in an ASBR followed by an SBR, presented a small percentage of inhibition for tests with Allium cepa (13%) and Lactuca sativa seeds (4%). The effluent treated by the anaerobic system followed by aerobic presented low toxicity without generating lethal or sub-lethal effects to the test organisms, which indicates the efficiency of the treatment process.
The Application of Medicare Data for Musculoskeletal Research in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Malay Sunitha , Maroukis Brianna L. , Sarsour Tiana , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
Musculoskeletal conditions disproportionately affect the lives of aging adults. We aimed to examine the literature using Medicare claims data in the United States for musculoskeletal surgical procedures.

Methods:
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we searched the PubMed and Medline databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and 2015. We included the studies that (1) reported primary Medicare claims data use, (2) involved musculoskeletal surgery, and (3) were original peer-reviewed studies. We abstracted the types of surgical procedure and aims, and evaluated outcomes, and strengths and weaknesses of each included article. We assessed the quality of included articles with Newcastle Ottawa Assessment Scale.

Results:
The literature search returned 3,233 articles, of which 119 met our inclusion criteria. These studies focused on different outcomes: epidemiology and treatment variation (26), cost of care (15), hospital-level analyses (30), health outcomes (31), the validity and accuracy of Medicare claims data (4), disparities in health care (10), and policy evaluation (3).

Discussion:
Medicare claims data provide a unique way for researchers to study a nationally representative patient population longitudinally. A significant limitation of using claims data has been a lack of granularity on defining severity of a condition.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level III
Le pouvoir « divinatoire » des algorithmes
Authors: Lazaro Christophe 
Published: November 2018

À travers le développement spectaculaire de systèmes algorithmiques capables de collecter, d’analyser, de traiter des quantités massives de données, l’ère desBig datasemble avoir conféré à l’homme un nouvel outil de prédiction lui permettant d’optimiser les processus décisionnels, d’anticiper les risques et de gouverner les conduites. Les applications, développées notamment dans le domaine de la sécurité, du marketing ou du divertissement, intégrant des algorithmes auto-apprenants, rendent désormais possibles la prédiction et surtout la préemption du futur. Dans cette contribution, nous souhaitons interroger le pouvoir prédictif des algorithmes, à la lumière des pratiques divinatoires de l’Antiquité gréco-latine. À cette fin, nous déployons un double questionnement, à la fois épistémologique et ontologique, en nous inspirant du traité de Cicéron sur la divination : que sont les algorithmes, et quelle est la singularité de leur logique corrélative ? Que nous font voir les algorithmes et quelles sont les nouvelles modalités de production du savoir qu’ils impliquent ?
Recent Developments in Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Liu Yue‐Feng , Feng Jing , Bi Yan‐Gang , Yin Da , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs the demand for display technology in consumer electronics and lighting panels increases, thin, light, high‐quality, and more cost‐effective light‐emitting devices are required. Organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs), satisfying the criteria exactly, have been considered the most promising next‐generation display and lighting technique. In particular, an OLED based on flexible substrate enables the device to be applied to curved displays, electronic newspapers, wearable displays, and conceptual lighting panels, has been always in the spotlight both in science and industry. Great advances on flexible OLEDs (FOLEDs) have been made over the past three decades. The fundamental elements of FOLEDs including substrates, electrodes, fabrication and encapsulation techniques, as well as the strategies of efficiency improvement are discussed herein. Moreover, emerging electrodes such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal nanowire network and their composite, flexible perovskite light emitting devices, and stretchable light emitting devices are also considered. Finally, the future challenges and prospects for these devices are put forward.
Design of High‐Efficiency and Long‐Lifetime White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by Selective Management of Singlet and Triplet Excitons Using a Triplet Exciton Manager
Authors: Han Si Hyun , Park Yun Hwan , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel device design extending the lifetime of white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs), comprising a thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) blue emitter and a yellow phosphorescent emitter, is developed using a triplet exciton manager (TEM), which selectively quenches the triplet exciton of the blue TADF emitter while harvesting the yellow phosphorescent emission. The TEM host is designed to have a lower triplet energy than the blue TADF emitter and a higher triplet energy than the yellow phosphorescent emitter. The singlet excitons of the TEM host are used to harvest only the singlet excitons of the blue TADF emitter by energy transfer, while the triplet excitons of the TEM host are utilized to activate the phosphorescent emission of the yellow emitter. The singlet and triplet excitons of the TEM host are thus selectively used to harness the blue singlet emission and yellow triplet emission, respectively. The triplet excitons of the blue TADF emitter can thus be excluded from the emission process, which improves the lifetime of the TEM‐based WOLEDs by five times while achieving similar external quantum efficiency as that of the conventional WOLED with a common high triplet energy host activating the triplet excitons of the blue TADF emitter.
A Three‐Component Reaction of Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborates, Sulfur Dioxide, and 1‐(Prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)indoles under Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Chen Huajun , Liu Mengli , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Wu Jie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNo Abstractmagnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Oxidative Cycloamidation of α‐[(β‐Dimethylamino)propenoyl]‐Alkylamides: Synthetic Route to Substituted Pyrrolidine‐2,4‐diones
Authors: Yuan Jingwen , Rao Chitturi Bhujanga , Liang Yongjiu , Zhang Rui , Zhang Qian , Hou Liman , Dong Dewen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn intramolecular oxidative amidation of varied α‐[(β‐dimethylamino)propenoyl]‐alkylamides catalyzed by copper(II) bromide in the presence of PIFA and TFA has been described. This process features mild reaction conditions, simple execution, good yields, high regioselectivity, and thereby, provides not only a facile and efficient protocol for the construction of C−N bond, but also a straightforward synthetic route to densely substituted pyrrolidine‐2,4‐diones.magnified image
Development of Novel Perovskite‐Like Oxide Photocatalyst LiCuTa3O9 with Dual Functions of Water Reduction and Oxidation under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Dong Beibei , Cui Junyan , Liu Taifeng , Gao Yuying , Qi Yu , Li Deng , Xiong Fengqiang , Zhang Fuxiang , Li Can 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDevelopment of new visible‐light‐responsive materials is highly desirable in photocatalysis. Here, a novel oxide material LiCuTa3O9 (LCTO) with a characteristic perovskite‐like structure, exhibiting a visible light absorption edge of ≈500 nm due to the hybridization of Cu 3d and O 2p orbitals, is reported. The structure of the as‐obtained LCTO is experimentally characterized and theoretically simulated. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky, and density functional theory calculation results show that the LCTO is an n‐type semiconductor with bandgap of ≈2.48 eV and exhibits suitable conduction band and valence band positions of ≈−0.45 and 2.03 eV vs reversible hydrogen electrode, respectively. Based on initial optimization of preparative conditions and loading of cocatalysts, the as‐modified LCTO sample can drive both water reduction and oxidation half reactions in the presence of corresponding sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm), demonstrating its promising application in solar water splitting. The dual functional features of LCTO render it a promising photocatalyst for one‐step overall water splitting to produce hydrogen. In addition, the unobvious structural change of the LCTO photocatalyst during the reaction and repeated runs of the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction demonstrate its good photochemical stability.
MicroRNAs regulating mucin type O‐glycan biosynthesis and transforming growth factor β signaling pathways in nasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Northern China
Authors: Xuan Lijia , Luan Ge , Wang Yue , Lan Feng , Zhang Xu , Hao Yun , Zheng Ming , Wang Xiangdong , Zhang Luo 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a persistent sinonasal mucosa inflammatory disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP in Northern China remain unknown.MethodsA miRCURY™ LNA Array was used to analyze miRNA profiles in nasal mucosa tissues of CRSwNP patients (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 10). Subsequent pathways were predicted by DIANA‐mirPath software.ResultsFive upregulated miRNAs, including miR‐210‐5p, miR‐3178, miR‐585‐3p, miR‐3146, and miR‐320e, and 19 downregulated miRNAs, including miR‐32‐3p, miR‐1299, miR‐3196, miR‐3924, and miR‐548e‐3p, were differentially expressed (p < 0.05, fold change >2) in tissues of CRSwNP vs controls. Utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG), which is an online database for pathway mapping, mucin type O‐glycan biosynthesis pathway was significantly enriched in upregulated miRNAs. Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were significantly linked to downregulated miRNAs.ConclusionThe mucin type O‐glycan biosynthesis pathway and TGF‐β signaling pathway are regulated by miRNAs, which could be our focus in the future studies.
Recent Syntheses and Strategies toward Polycyclic Gelsemium Alkaloids
Authors: Ghosh Ankan , Carter Rich G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis Minireview is focused on an in‐depth discussion of comparative strategies to construct the gelsemine and gelsedine classes of the gelsemium alkaloids. This document highlights the diversity of strategies used to access specific motifs found within these targets: a) the fused “[3.2.1]bicycle” (in gelsemine) and “oxabicycle” (in gelsedine class); b) the “piroxindole” moiety with C7 quaternary center; c) the “N‐heterocycles” and d) the “THP” moiety with C20 quaternary center (in gelsemine).
Tetrahedral Pegs in Square Holes: Stereochemistry of Diboron Porphyrazines and Phthalocyanines
Authors: Tay Aaron Chin Yit , Frogley Benjamin J. , Ware David C. , Conradie Jeanet , Ghosh Abhik , Brothers Penelope J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe first examples of diboron complexes of the tetrapyrroles octaethylporphyrazine (OEPz) and 2,9,16,23‐tetra‐t‐butyl‐phthalocyanine (Pc) are reported, counterpoints to the better known monoboron tripyrroles, subporphyrazine and subphthalocyanine. Two stereochemical possibilities are observed, with cisoid‐B2OF2(OEPz), both cisoid‐B2OPh2(OEPz) and transoid‐B2OPh2(OEPz), transoid‐B2OF2(Pc) and cisoid‐B2OPh2(Pc) having been isolated and characterised, including structure determinations for the OEPz complexes. This variation in stereochemistry, which can be extended to include the previously reported transoid‐B2OF2(porphyrin), cisoid‐[B2OF2(corrole)]−, and both transoid‐ and cisoid‐B2OF2(calixphyrin), prompted a wider DFT study to elucidate the factors influencing the stereochemical preferences. This shows that the cisoid/transoid preference is correlated to the ease with which the macrocycle accommodates a rectangularly distorted N4 cavity.
Label‐Free Visualization of Carbapenemase Activity in Living Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Ye , Lei Jin‐E , He Yuan , Yang Jianhua , Wang Wenjing , Wasey Abdul , Xu Jiru , Lin Yue , Fan Haiming , Jing Guangyin , Zhang Ce , Jin Yi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEvaluating enzyme activity intracellularly on natural substrates is a significant experimental challenge in biomedical research. We report a label‐free method for real‐time monitoring of the catalytic behavior of class A, B, and D carbapenemases in live bacteria based on measurement of heat changes. By this means, novel biphasic kinetics for class D OXA‐48 with imipenem as substrate is revealed, providing a new approach to detect OXA‐48‐like producers. This in‐cell calorimetry approach offers major advantages in the rapid screening (10 min) of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae from 142 clinical bacterial isolates, with superior sensitivity (97 %) and excellent specificity (100 %) compared to conventional methods. As a general, label‐free method for the study of living cells, this protocol has potential for application to a wider range and variety of cellular components and physiological processes.
A Cooperative Hydrogen Bond Donor–Brønsted Acid System for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrans
Authors: Maskeri Mark A. , O'Connor Matthew J. , Jaworski Ashley A. , Bay Anna V. , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCarbocations stabilized by adjacent oxygen atoms are useful reactive intermediates involved in fundamental chemical transformations. These oxocarbenium ions typically lack sufficient electron density to engage established chiral Brønsted or Lewis acid catalysts, presenting a major challenge to their widespread application in asymmetric catalysis. Leading methods for selectivity operate primarily through electrostatic pairing between the oxocarbenium ion and a chiral counterion. A general approach to new enantioselective transformations of oxocarbenium ions requires novel strategies that address the weak binding capabilities of these intermediates. We demonstrate herein a novel cooperative catalysis system for selective reactions with oxocarbenium ions. This new strategy has been applied to a highly selective and rapid oxa‐Pictet–Spengler reaction and highlights a powerful combination of an achiral hydrogen bond donor with a chiral Brønsted acid.
Von der Laborpresse zu Spins mit riesigen Effekten
Authors: Weihrich Richard , Pöttgen Rainer , Pielnhofer Florian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractParallel angeordnete Spins in Cobalt‐Kagome‐Netzen lassen Forscher gleich mehrfach jubeln: Liu et al. und Wang et al. berichten von Entdeckungen einmaliger Eigenschaftskombinationen: Sn2Co3S2=Co3Sn2S2=SnCo3/2S weist riesige anomale Hall‐Effekte auf, die bisher bekannte Materialien um Größenordnungen übertreffen. Für die einstige Laborkuriosität wird dies auf eine elektronische Topologie des 2001 vorhergesagten magnetischen S=
‐Grundzustands zurückgeführt, die es zu einem herausragenden Beispiel eines magnetischen Weyl‐Halbmetalls macht. Wir geben einen chemischen Blick auf diese lange Zeit wenig verstandene Verbindung, die auch im Hinblick auf Skyrmionen‐Gitter und als Thermoelektrikum erforscht wird.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of N‐(2‐Pyridinyl)amides with Isopropanol and Arylboronate Esters
Authors: Ronson Thomas O. , Renders Evelien , Van Steijvoort Ben F. , Wang Xubin , Wybon Clarence C. D. , Prokopcová Hana , Meerpoel Lieven , Maes Bert U. W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new three‐component reductive arylation of amides with stable reactants (iPrOH and arylboronate esters), making use of a 2‐pyridinyl (Py) directing group, is described. The N‐Py‐amide substrates are readily prepared from carboxylic acids and PyNH2, and the resulting N‐Py‐1‐arylalkanamine reaction products are easily transformed into the corresponding chlorides by substitution of the HN‐Py group with HCl. The 1‐aryl‐1‐chloroalkane products allow substitution and cross‐coupling reactions. Therefore, a general protocol for the transformation of carboxylic acids into a variety of functionalities is obtained. The Py‐NH2 by‐product can be recycled.
Hofmann N‐alkylation of aniline derivatives with alcohols using ferric perchlorate immobilized on SiO2 as a catalyst through Box–Behnken experimental design
Authors: Ghanimati Mahdi , Abdoli Senejani Masumeh , Isfahani Tahereh Momeni , Bodaghifard Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2018

An efficient method for the N‐alkylation of poorly nucleophilic amines using ferric perchlorate immobilized on SiO2 as a catalyst is described. Fe(ClO4)3 was prepared from mixing iron(III) hydroxide and perchloric acid and adsorbed on silica gel. The catalyst was characterized using various techniques. The supported ferric perchlorate (Fe(ClO4)3/SiO2) revealed high efficiency and selectivity for N‐alkylation of aromatic amines with alcohols to provide alkylated amines. Various secondary amines were synthesized from primary amines and alcohols in good to excellent yields, with water as the only by‐product. The optimization of the reaction conditions was investigated using the response surface method, and involving the Box–Behnken design matrix. The conditions for optimal reaction yield and time were: amount of catalyst = 0.34 mmol, temperature = 60°C and molar ratio of amine to alcohol = 1.2. The catalyst was recovered and reused for five cycles without a considerable decrease in catalytic activity. The stability of the recycled catalyst was investigated. The proposed method has numerous advantages including procedure simplicity, short reaction times, low cost, good to excellent yields, reusability of the catalyst and mild and environmentally benign conditions.
Robotics and kinetic design for underrepresented minority (URM) students in building education: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Yi Hwang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOwing to the widespread distribution of open‐source robotic software and cheaper hardware, design education in architecture and engineering is evolving to emphasize interactive and dynamic geometries, using new digital media and technologies. However, ethnic minority groups are still underrepresented in technology‐driven changes in architecture, and their career is at risk in the growing tech‐related job markets of the architecture, construction, and engineering (ACE) industry. In this context, the paper addresses college‐level pedagogical issues and learning performance related to introductory robotics education in architectural design studios for the underrepresented minority (URM) students. This article presents the organization of curriculum activities, technical experiments in learning, and teaching experiences in the largest Hispanic‐serving institution (HSI) in the U.S. The academic projects presented exhibit both technical challenges and achievements for URM students to build design competency and tool fluency in a streamlined prototyping of responsive kinetic building fabrication. The effectiveness of computer‐aided design (CAD) technologies (3D printing, sensing, microcontrollers, etc.) for the advancement of minority‐serving design education is discussed to promote design‐learning possibilities and interdisciplinary collaborations associated with science and engineering. Expectations from course objectives are compared with final outcomes to suggest efficient learning strategies and teaching solutions of kinetic architecture.
SIX1 is upregulated in gastric cancer and regulates proliferation and invasion by targeting the ERK pathway and promoting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Xie Ying , Jin Peng , Sun Xuren , Jiao Taiwei , Zhang Yining , Li Yue , Sun Mingjun 
Published: October 2018

Sine oculis homeobox homologue 1 (SIX1) is a Six class homeobox gene conserved throughout many species. It has been reported to act as an oncogene and is overexpressed in many cancers. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of SIX1 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. In our study, we detected protein levels of SIX1 via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and its proliferation and invasion effects via CCK8 and transwell assays. Additionally, expression of cyclin D1, MMP2, p‐ERK, and EMT‐related proteins was measured by western blotting. We found that SIX1 had significantly higher expression in GC tissues and that it could promote GC cell proliferation and invasion. Also, overexpression of SIX1 increased the expression of cyclin D1, MMP2, p‐ERK, and EMT‐related proteins, which could all be inhibited by knocking down SIX1. In conclusion, SIX1 is upregulated in GC tissues. It can promote GC cell proliferation by targeting cyclin D1, invasion via ERK signalling, and EMT pathways by targeting MMP2 and E‐cadherin.Significance of the studyOur study showed that SIX1 was upregulated in GC tissues, and promoted GC cell proliferation by targeting cyclin D1, invasion via ERK signalling, and EMT pathways by targeting MMP2 and E‐cadherin. These results suggested the potential regulatory mechanism of SIX1 in proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer.
C‐Halogenated 9,10‐Diboraanthracenes: How the Halogen Load and Distribution Influences Key Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Brend'amour Simon , Gilmer Jannik , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias 
Published: October 2018

Abstract9,10‐Dihydro‐9,10‐diboraanthracenes (DBAs) have low‐energy LUMOs and narrow HOMO–LUMO gaps and are thus attractive electron‐transporting and light‐emitting materials in optoelectronic devices. A systematic series of ten C‐halogenated 9,10‐(Mes)2‐DBAs was synthesized and studied by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, and quantum‐chemical calculations (Mes=mesityl). We probed the influence of the nature of the halogen atoms and the halogen substitution patterns on key optoelectronic properties of the DBAs. All 9,10‐(Mes)2 derivatives can be reversibly reduced at the DBA cores and at electrode potentials between E1/2Red1=−1.84 and −1.26 V (vs. FcH/FcH+). The most bathochromic UV/Vis absorption and the fluorescence emission of each DBA correspond to an ICT transition between the Mes rings and the DBA core. Br substituents lower the DBA LUMO energy and narrow the energy gap to the highest degree along the series F<Cl<Br. Halogen atoms located at 1,4,5,8‐positions are more influential than those at 2,3,6,7‐positions. An increasing fluorine load continuously decreases the LUMO levels and HOMO–LUMO gaps. Colorless octafluoro‐ and tetrafluoro‐DBAs form colored and fluorescent π‐stacked hetero dimers with anthracene in C6H6 solutions and in the solid state. The sterically congested 1,5‐(ThMe)2‐9,10‐(Mes)2‐DBA was prepared in 74 % yield from 1,5‐(Br)2‐9,10‐(Mes)2‐DBA and Me3Sn‐ThMe through a Stille‐type C−C coupling reaction (ThMe=5‐Me‐2‐thienyl).