bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kwok Cheuk Kin v Lam Cheng Yuet Ngor: Government Chastisement of Dissidents and Judicial Review That Never Was?
Authors: Wong Kai Yeung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Hong Kong Government issued a strongly‐worded official statement, subsequently adopted by the Chief Executive, to publicly condemn an outspoken constitutional law scholar for expressing views which the Government considered unconstitutional. Leave to judicially review the statement was refused by the Court of First Instance of the High Court of Hong Kong on the grounds, inter alia, that a statement lacking in direct legal consequences was outside the ambit of judicial review and, further, the Chief Executive was in any event entitled to comment on public affairs. This note argues that, on a proper understanding of the supervisory jurisdiction of the Court and the theory of the ‘third source’ of governmental power, neither ground should have precluded judicial review.
Investigation on the Intrinsic Potential of Using Potassium Chloride for Partially Replacing NaCl in Kimchi and the Effect of Information on Consumer Acceptance of Sodium‐Reduced Kimchi According to Age
Authors: Lee Yoo‐Na , Lee Soh Min , Kim Kwang‐Ok 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe high sodium content of kimchi is a contradicting factor from its fame as a healthy food. With the aim of reducing the sodium content of kimchi, the objective of this study was to understand the effect of providing “sodium‐reduced” information on the acceptance of kimchi according to the age of consumption. Six sodium‐reduced kimchi samples, prepared with different percentages of sodium reduction (25% and 50%) and potassium chloride concentration (none, 0.47%, and 0.93%), were compared to control kimchi (2.0% w/v NaCl). Sensory characterization of the samples was obtained using descriptive analysis. A total of 167 kimchi consumers with balanced proportion of the young (below 40) and the old (above 40) evaluated seven kimchi samples in either of the two conditions: blind testing condition or informed testing condition where each of the samples was provided with a label that informed about “sodium reduction percentage” and “whether a salt replacer was used or not.” The results showed that in terms of healthiness perception, Korean female consumers believed that kimchi with a high sodium reduction rate would contribute to health in general, though an unfavorable notion of using a salt replacer was also observed. Also, the results suggested that promoting information about sodium reduction in kimchi would generally increase consumer acceptance. However, this phenomenon was influenced not only by the sample for which the information was provided, but also by the age of consumers with different health interests and kimchi experience.Practical ApplicationThe findings of this study showed simply reducing sodium and promoting it with a health claim showed limitation in achieving a high level of sodium reduction, such as a 50% reduction rate, which implied the importance of using supplementary material such as potassium chloride that can fulfill the missing saltiness and flavors of the original product. Promotion of “sodium‐reduced” claims in kimchi generally results in increased consumer acceptance. However, the effectiveness of the information was dependent on which sample was provided and the age of the consumers, among whom health interests and kimchi experience differ.
Isolation and Characterization of Antihyperglycemic Compounds from Vigna angularis Extracts
Authors: Kuriya Kenji , Nishio Masahiro , Ono Nanako , Masuda Yuichi , Katsuzaki Hirotaka , Kondo Shuji , Sono Junpei , Nakamura Masahiro , Umekawa Hayato 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFunctional foods that inhibit α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activity are effective for regulating the blood glucose level and preventing hyperglycemia. Extracts of adzuki beans (ABs, Vigna angularis), widely eaten in East Asia, can inhibit α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activity. In this study, we identified and evaluated the components in an AB water extract (ABWE) after boiling, which is an essential process for cooking ABs. The ABWE before boiling inhibited α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activity and the boiled ABWE showed slightly stronger inhibitory effects. High‐performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses identified (+)‐catechin 7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (C7G), (+)‐epicatechin 7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (E7G), and (+)‐catechin as the bioactive components in boiled ABWE. Interestingly, the quantity of E7G significantly increased after boiling (from 0% to 17.1 ± 1.3%). E7G showed stronger inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase than C7G; the IC50 values for α‐amylase were 0.74 ± 0.04 mg/mL (C7G) and 0.40 ± 0.09 mg/mL (E7G), and for α‐glucosidase the IC50 values were 0.085 ± 0.032 mg/mL (C7G) and 0.051 ± 0.007 mg/mL (E7G). Our findings suggest that C7G and E7G are the main active components in ABWE as they inhibit α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase and their inhibitory effect is not lost after boiling. These results support the effectiveness of boiled ABs in the promotion of health.Practical ApplicationWe identified (+)‐catechin 7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (C7G), (+)‐epicatechin 7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (E7G), and (+)‐catechin in adzuki bean extracts and commercially available boiled adzuki bean products. Interestingly, the E7G content was increased by boiling, and this compound showed strong inhibitory activity toward α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. These results support the consumption of boiled adzuki beans to prevent acute rises in blood glucose level.
Front‐line treatment of ceritinib improves efficacy over crizotinib for Asian patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion NSCLC: The role of systemic progression control
Authors: Huang Shih‐Hao , Huang Allen Chung‐Cheng , Wang Chin‐Chou , Chang Wen‐Chen , Liu Chien‐Ying , Pavlidis Stelios , Ko Ho‐Wen , Chung Fu‐Tsai , Hsu Ping‐Chih , Guo Yi‐Ke , Kuo Chih‐Hsi Scott , Yang Cheng‐Ta 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundApproximately 3%–5% of lung adenocarcinoma is driven by anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion oncogene, whose activity can be suppressed by multiple ALK inhibitors. Crizotinib and ceritinib have demonstrated superior efficacy to platinum‐based chemotherapy as front‐line treatment for patients with ALK‐positive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the direct comparison between them in the front‐line setting remains lacking.MethodsA total of 48 patients with ALK‐positive, previously untreated advanced NSCLC, who received crizotinib and ceritinib as front‐line treatment were retrospectively investigated. The efficacy and pattern of disease progression were analyzed.ResultsPatients receiving ceritinib treatment were significantly younger than those receiving crizotinib treatment (52.0 vs. 63.0, P = 0.016). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was significantly longer with ceritinib than with crizotinib treatment (32.3 vs. 12.9 months; log‐rank P = 0.020); the hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08–0.90; P = 0.033). An objective response was noted in all patients in the ceritinib group and in 23 patients in the crizotinib group (74.2%; 95% CI, 59.0 to 88.5). The rate of systemic progression was significantly lower over time with ceritinib treatment compared to crizotinib treatment (cause‐specific hazard ratio, 0.21; 95% CI 0.06–0.73; P = 0.014). Serious adverse events were noted in one (2.9%) patient showing elevated liver function in the crizotinib group and three (23.1%) patients showing diarrhea in the ceritinib group. Dose reduction was needed in five out of 13 (38.5%) patients receiving ceritinib treatment.ConclusionCeritinib showed higher efficacy associated with a better control of systemic progression compared to crizotinib for the front‐line treatment of ALK‐positive advanced NSCLCs.
Variation in the definition of pulmonary hypertension and clinical indications for the use of nitric oxide in neonatal clinical trials
Authors: Hoyle Emily S. , Slee Samantha L. , Subhedar Nimish V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimPulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently complicates neonatal hypoxaemic respiratory failure, but is inconsistently defined. We aimed to describe the variation among randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), in relation to the definition of PH and/or hypoxaemic respiratory failure used to select patients for trial inclusion.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for RCTs of iNO in neonates. Included studies were assessed for clinical and/or echocardiography criteria used to define PH/hypoxaemic respiratory failure.ResultsThirty‐two trials were included in this review, of which 23 enrolled infants ≥34 weeks’ gestation. Echocardiographic diagnosis was used in 21 studies, but there was considerable variation in the echocardiographic parameters used to diagnose PH. The most commonly used indices included markers of tricuspid regurgitation and extrapulmonary shunt.ConclusionThere is wide variation in the definition of PH used to select infants for inclusion into RCTs of iNO therapy in neonates. We recommend that an international consensus be reached on which parameters should be used and the thresholds defining severity of disease.
Graft‐versus‐host disease and graft‐versus‐leukaemia effects in secondary acute myeloid leukaemia: a retrospective, multicentre registry analysis from the Acute Leukaemia Working Party of the EBMT
Authors: Baron Frédéric , Labopin Myriam , Savani Bipin N. , Beohou Eric , Niederwieser Dietger , Eder Matthias , Potter Victoria , Kröger Nicolaus , Beelen Dietrich , Socié Gerard , Itälä‐Remes Maija , Bornhäuser Martin , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWe assessed the susceptibility of secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (sAML) to graft‐versus‐leukaemia effects. Data from 2414 sAML patients in first (n = 2194) or second (n = 220) complete remission were included. They were given grafts from human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched sibling (MSD, n = 1085), 10/10 unrelated donor (MUD, n = 1066) or 9/10 mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD, n = 263). The 100‐day incidence of grade II‐IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was 25% while 2‐year incidence of chronic GVHD was 38%. Relapse rates declined steadily by duration of follow‐up and were significantly lower in patients with chronic GVHD (P < 0·001). Limited (hazard ratio [HR] = 0·66, P < 0·001) and extensive (HR = 0·52, P < 0·001) chronic GVHD were associated with a lower incidence of relapse. Each grade III‐IV acute (HR = 7·04, P < 0·001) as well as limited (HR = 1·42, P = 0·03) and extensive (HR = 3·97, P < 0·001) chronic GVHD were associated with higher non‐relapse mortality (NRM). This translated to better overall survival (OS; HR = 0·61, P < 0·001) in patients with limited chronic GVHD. In contrast, grade III‐IV acute and extensive chronic GVHD were associated with worse OS (HR = 3·16, P < 0·001 and HR = 1·21, P = 0·03, respectively). Further, in comparison to HLA‐identical sibling recipients, MUD recipients had a lower risk of relapse (HR = 0·82, P = 0·03) but higher NRM (HR = 1·38, P = 0·004). In conclusion, these data demonstrate that sAML is susceptible to graft‐versus‐leukaemia effects.
Compound and hybrid clinothems of the last lowstand Mid‐Adriatic Deep: Processes, depositional environments, controls and implications for stratigraphic analysis of prograding systems
Authors: Gamberi Fabiano , Pellegrini Claudio , Dalla Valle Giacomo , Scarponi Daniele , Bohacs Kevin , Trincardi Fabio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClinoforms with a range of scales are essential elements of prograding continental margins. Different types of clinoforms develop during margin growth, depending on combined changes in relative sea level, sediment supply and oceanographic processes. In studies of continental margin stratigraphy, trajectories of clinoform ‘rollover’ points are often used as proxies for relative sea‐level variation and as predictors of the character of deposits beyond the shelf‐break. The analysis of clinoform dynamics and rollover trajectory often suffers from the low resolution of geophysical data, the small scale of outcrops with respect to the dimensions of clinoform packages and low chronostratigraphic resolution. Here, through high‐resolution seismic reflection data and sediment cores, we show how compound clinoforms were the most common architectural style of margin progradation of the late Pleistocene lowstand in the Adriatic Sea. During compound clinoform development, the shoreline was located landward of the shelf‐break. It comprised a wave‐dominated delta to the west and a barrier and back‐barrier depositional system in the central and eastern area. Storm‐enhanced hyperpycnal flows were responsible for the deposition of a sandy lobe in the river mouth, whereas a heterolithic succession formed elsewhere on the shelf. The storm‐enhanced hyperpycnal flows built an apron of sand on the slope that interrupted an otherwise homogeneous progradational mudbelt. Locally, the late lowstand compound clinoforms have a flat to falling shelf‐break trajectory. However, the main phase of shelf‐break bypass and basin deposition coincides with a younger steeply rising shelf‐break trajectory. We interpret divergence from standard models, linking shelf‐break trajectory to deep‐sea sand deposition, as resulting from a great efficiency of oceanographic processes in reworking sediment in the shelf, and from a high sediment supply. The slope foresets had a large progradational attitude during the late lowstand sea‐level rise, showing that oceanographic processes can inhibit coastal systems to reach the shelf‐edge. In general, our study suggests that where the shoreline does not coincide with the shelf‐break, trajectory analysis can lead to inaccurate reconstruction of the depositional history of a margin.
Regulation of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and autophagy in mice with sepsis‐associated encephalopathy by immunity‐related GTPase M1
Authors: Zhou Rui‐Xi , Li Yu‐Yao , Qu Yi , Huang Qun , Sun Xue‐Mei , Mu De‐Zhi , Li Xi‐Hong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsSepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication of severe sepsis. Our goal was to investigate the role of immunity‐related GTPase M1 (IRGM1) in SAE and its underlying mechanism.MethodsA mouse sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and perforation. SAE was diagnosed by behavior, electroencephalography, and somatosensory evoked potentials. Wild‐type mice with SAE were treated with SB203580 to block the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. We assessed hippocampal histological changes and the expression of IRGM1, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and p38 MAPK signaling pathway‐related proteins.ResultsImmunity‐related GTPase M1 and IFN‐γ levels increased in the hippocampus, with apoptosis, autophagy, and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway activated in neurons. Administration of SB203580 to mice with SAE reduced apoptosis and autophagy. Relative to wild‐type mice with SAE, the general condition ofIrgm1‐/‐mice with SAE was worsened, the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was inhibited, and neuronal apoptosis and autophagy were reduced. The absence of IRGM1 exacerbated SAE, with higher p38 MAPK signaling pathway activity and increased apoptosis and autophagy.ConclusionsDuring SAE, IRGM1 can at least partially regulate apoptosis and autophagy in hippocampal neurons through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Training engineers for innovation: Pedagogical initiatives for new challenges
Authors: Lemaître Denis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe injunction to innovate which has permeated our societies in the last few decades has had a significant impact on engineers and their training. The idea of progress has since taken a back seat to the quest for innovation which saves time, space and reduces aims to short term performance objectives. However, marked by the technologism and productivism of the 20th century, the idea of innovation has also absorbed the new principles of sustainability and responsibility which have imposed themselves upon engineering research and activities in a henceforth internationalised world. It is within this context that engineer training institutions have sought to counter the injunctions to innovation and the stresses and strains that they produce. Based on three studies carried out in Europe and in several developing countries in North Africa and South East Asia, this article examines the curricula the institutions have implemented in order to observe current trends in innovation training initiatives in relation to locally‐perceived expectations and requirements. We have observed that technologism and productivism, which are still very present in the principles which guide European engineer training, are in competition with the principles of low‐cost engineering which satisfies user requirements and respects environmental constraints. As for the pedagogical initiatives, the phenomena of standardisation and commodification of higher education have led to the development of active learning (projects, problem‐based learning, fablabs, etc.). However, studies demonstrate that pedagogical orientation depends on how innovation is conceptualised and varies according to the scale of the educational institutions. A closer examination of the concepts of innovation reveals the epistemological issues concerning the way the engineering problems have been constructed.
Arrowhead design ultrasonic tip as a supplementary tool for canal debridement
Authors: De‐Deus G. , Simões‐Carvalho M. , Belladonna F. G. , Cavalcante D. M. , Portugal L. S. , Prado C. G. , Souza E. M. , Lopes R. T. , Silva E. J. N. L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the shaping and cleaning performance of the Clearsonic ultrasonic tip as a supplementary tool during the preparation of long oval‐shaped root canals through micro‐computed tomographic (micro‐CT) imaging technology. The Reciproc M‐Wire R40 instrument was used as a reference instrumentation technique for comparison.MethodologyTwenty mandibular incisors with single, straight and long oval‐shaped canals were selected and pair‐matched by micro‐CT scanning. The root canals were prepared with Reciproc R25 and R40 instruments, scanned again in a micro‐CT device and randomly allocated into one of the two experimental groups (n = 10), according to the supplementary debridement protocol used: Clearsonic or Reciproc R40 used in a brushing motion against buccal and lingual walls. Noninstrumented canal areas, accumulation of hard‐tissue debris (AHTD) and volume of removed dentine were assessed using micro‐CT imaging following the supplementary debridement protocols. Data were analysed statistically in two phases using a t‐test with a significance level of 5%.ResultsIn phase‐1, there was a significant similarity between the samples regarding the evaluated micro‐CT baseline parameters (P > 0.05), validating the anatomical similarity between the tooth pairs. In phase‐2, there was a significant difference between the groups for canal volume, surface area, noninstrumented root canal walls and the amount of removed dentine for both absolute and percentage values (P < 0.05), but not for AHTD (P = 0.759).ConclusionsThe Clearsonic tip outperformed the Reciproc R40 instrument as a supplementary debridement protocol as it was associated with significantly greater reduction of noninstrumented root canals walls and consequently a larger amount of removed dentine. Both groups performed similarly regarding the AHTD.
Biological therapy for pustular psoriasis: a systematic review
Authors: Falto‐Aizpurua Leyre A. , Martin‐Garcia Rafael F. , Carrasquillo Osward Y. , Nevares‐Pomales Oscar W. , Sánchez‐Flores Xavier , Lorenzo‐Rios Deyson 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe anecdotic evidence of the benefits from biologic agents for psoriasis is extensive. However, data on the efficacy of biologic agents for pustular psoriasis are limited.MethodsTo update the data on the efficacy and safety of biologic agents for the management of pustular psoriasis. A systematic review of published data regarding biologic therapies on PubMED database, used in the management of pustular psoriasis from 2012 was undertaken.ResultsA total of 209 articles were identified, and 43 articles were selected for inclusion. TNF‐α inhibitors were used in 205 patients, and 86 patients received ustekinumab, secukinumab, brodalumab, ixekizumab and IL‐1 inhibitors. Overall response was favorable for most modalities. No serious adverse events were reported. Inconsistent measures of treatment response and study variability limited the overall evaluation of data.ConclusionsInfliximab and ustekinumab have the most evidence of efficacy and safety for the treatment of pustular psoriasis. Recent evidence supports the use of IL‐17 antagonists. Prospective controlled and comparative trials are needed to further explore the efficacy and safety of biologic agents in order to establish objective recommendations for the management of this challenging condition.
Creating opportunities for personal empowerment: Symptom and technology management resources (COPE‐STAR) for caregivers of children who require medical technology
Authors: Spratling Regena , Spezia Faulkner Melissa , Feinberg Iris , Hayat Matthew J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThis research protocol addresses the development of web‐based modules for the ‘creating opportunities for personal empowerment: symptom and technology management resources’ intervention with caregivers of children who require medical technology. The commonly experienced symptoms of fever and increased respiratory symptoms (coughing, wheezing, increased secretions), and the care of technologies (tracheostomy tubes, respiratory equipment and feeding tubes) are addressed in this nurse‐led and nurse‐developed intervention.DesignThe purpose of this study was to develop web‐based intervention modules and obtain review by expert and caregiver reviewers using a systematic, structured process and form.MethodsThe intervention includes evidenced‐based, theory‐based, modules that address the child's most common emotions and behavioural responses with the management of their symptoms and technologies using a web‐based format. To establish fidelity of the intervention, expert and caregiver reviewers (e.g. caregivers of children with multiple complex chronic illnesses and technologies) will review the modules that will then be refined prior to feasibility testing. Funding for the study began in July 2018.DiscussionThe intervention development led by nurses entails an evidence‐based literature review; development of scripts with appropriate health literacy level; and content by experts, photography, and videography; production of video modules and creation of a website for modules.ImpactThis nursing intervention addresses the educational needs and skills considered essential and most applicable to caregivers of children who require medical technology to improve self‐management of their child's symptoms and technology in the home setting. The information obtained from this study will be valuable to nursing, other healthcare providers and healthcare systems in planning and implementing programs and services for these children and for nurse researchers designing intervention studies for children with multiple complex chronic illnesses.Trial registrationThis study is not designated as a clinical trial per NIH/NINR study and grant proposal guidelines.