bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control by Phytochrome of the Level of Nicotinamide Nucleotides in the Cotyledons of the Mustard Seedling
Authors: Frosch S. , Wagner E. , Mohr H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Long-term and short-term effects of phytochrome on the levels ("tissue contents") of NAD, NADH2 , NADP and NADPH2 were measured in the cotyledons of the mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedling. It was found that long-term far-red light (which is considered to operate exclusively via active phytochrome, Pfr) strongly increases the levels of NADP and NADPH2 , whereas this light treatment suppresses the levels of NAD and NADH2 below the levels present in the cotyledons of the dark grown seedling. The high levels of NADP and NADPH2 as well as the low levels of NADP2 (and probably also NAD) are actively being maintaned by the far-red light. In experiments with light pulses it was found that a red light pulse causes a rapid but transient rise in the level of NADPH2 under all circumstances (dark-grown seedlings and seedlings pretreated with long-term far-red lig h t). The operational criteria for the involvement of phytochrome (Pfr) are fulfilled. In the case of NADP a significant rise of the level following a red light pulse could only be observed if the seedlings were pretreated with long-term far-red light. Dark-grown seedlings do not significantly respond. In the case of NAD and NADP2 no significant changes could be induced by light pulses either in dark-grown seedlings or in seedlings pretreated with long-term far-red light. It is concluded that NADPH2 does neither originate from NADP2 nor from NADP. It is further concluded that it is unlikely that nicotinamide nucleotides are links in any causal chain originating from Pfr and leading to phenomena of photomorphogenesis. We favour the con­cept that the phytochrome-mediated changes caused by light pulses occur in the plastids.
Erläuterungen zum Resonanzmodell der Karzinogenese * / Some Remarks on a Resonance Hypothesis of Carcinogenesis
Authors: Popp F.A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Resonance Hypothesis, Carcinogenesis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Three criteria for carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons, which are to be satisfied, are discussed in regard to a resonance-hypothesis of carcinogenesis. According to this hypo­ thesis, the carcinogenic effect is caused by a Fermi-resonance between α-states and p-states which possibly leads to the breakage of pairing theorem by an asymmetric potential, in certain cases caused by vibronic coupling.
13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigations of Xanthine and Some of its N-Methylated Derivatives
Authors: Nicolau Claude , Hildenbrand Knut 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The 13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra of xanthine, 1,3-dimethyl-xanthine (theophylline), 3,7-dimethyl xanthine (theobromine) and 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (caffeine) were obtained and the lines assigned. Protonation-and N-Methylation parameters are derived by comparison of the 13C-chemical shifts of the protonated cations with those of the neutral molecules and also with those of the xanthine cation. The shifts are discussed in terms of variations in the shielding at the different C-atoms induced by N-methylation and protonation. Approximate correlations are found between the 13C-chemical shifts and the π-electron densities at the C-atoms
On the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Oxygen Reduction by Isolated Chloroplast Lamellae
Authors: Elstner Erich F. , Heupel Adelheid 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ferredoxin-stimulated photosynthetic oxygen reduction and concommitant decarboxylation of glyoxylate by chloroplast lamellar systems is inhibited by ascorbate but ferredoxin dependent NADP+-reduction is not. In the presence of low potential electron acceptors (AQ or MV) this influence of ascorbate on glyoxylate decarboxylation by chloroplast lamellar systems is no longer observed.
Using the diaphorase activity of NADP-ferredoxin reductase either bound to the chloroplast lamellar system or as an isolated enzyme fraction glyoxylate decarboxylation in the dark can be observed in the presence of NADPH + H+ and autooxidizable electron acceptors (AQ, MY, fer­ redoxin). The influence of ascorbate on this dark reaction, depends on whether the activity of the isolated or the lamellae-bound enzyme is measured:
1. With the isolated enzyme no influence of ascorbate on AQ-, MV-or ferredoxin-stimulated glyoxylate decarboxylation is observed.
2. The dark-reaction with NADPH + H+ as electron donor, catalyzed by the bound enzyme however is inhibited by ascorbate both in the presence of either ferredoxin or AQ. This and other observations support the view that the site of inhibition by ascorbate of oxygen reduction by chloroplast lamellar systems in the presence of ferredoxin is not identical with either the reducing side of photosystem I, ferredoxin or NADP-ferredoxin reductase. The site of inhibition by ascor­ bate is more likely connected with an additional pathway involved in photosynthetic oxygen re­ duction by chloroplast lamellar systems, which is located at the reducing side of photosystem I, i. e. in the vicinity of the NADP-ferredoxin reductase. By heat treatment of isolated chloroplast lamellar systems a factor is released showing the activity of an ascorbate-sensitive oxygen reductant upon illumination in the presence of chloroplast lamellar systems. A model for photosynthetic oxygen reduction is proposed which includes ferredoxin and a membrane-bound oxygen reductant in series. Oxygen reduction by this pathway is only operating when the available NADP is fully reduced
Über das Vorkommen von Muscaflavin bei Hygroeyben (Agaricales) und seine Dihydro- azepin-Struktur 1,2 / Isolation of Muscaflavin from Hygrocybe Species (Agaricales) and Its Dihydroazepine Structure
Authors: Ardenne R. von , Döpp H. , Musso H. , Steglich W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Sporophores of Hygrocybe species (Agaricales) contain muscaflavin, a pigment recently isolated from Amanita muscaria. Spectroscopic and chemical evidence for its dihydroazepine structure 5a is presented, indicating a close biogenetic relationship to betalamic acid 6a. The chemical nature of the water soluble pigments of Hygrocybe is dis­ cussed
The tympanal trachea as an integral part of the ear in acripeza reticulata guerin (orthoptera, tettigonioidea)
Authors: Nocke Harald 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The functional role of the large trachea which runs from a spiracle in the thorax down the leg (tympanal trachea) was analysed in relation to the tympanal organ. The tympanal trachea not only tunes the tympanal organ to a certain frequency (Fig. 1) but is important for the directional sense of hearing in the whole animal. The directional sensitivity of the ear depends only on the relative positions of the spiracle of the tympanal trachea and the direction of sound (Fig. 2), irrespective of the foreleg walking position
Die Wirkung von Phytochrom auf die Bildung von Einzelcarotinoiden in etiolierten Horde um -Keimlingen / The Influence of Phytochrome on the Formation of Individual Carotenoids in Etiolated Hordeum Seedlings
Authors: Kleudgen Hans K. , Lichtenthaler Hartmut K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Short time red pulses, given 6 times for 5 min within 36 h, induce in etiolated barley seedlings an enhanced synthesis of the main chloroplast carotenoids β-carotene, violaxanthine, lutein and neoxanthine. The level of antheraxanthine and zeaxanthine decreases by red light treatment. These red light effects are reverted by subsequent short time far-red pulses. The results show that the white light induced change in the accumulation rate of individual carotenoids is initiated and regulated by active phytochrome Pfr . In the case of neoxanthin and zeaxanthin the red light effects cannot be fully reverted by far-red; this points to very fast phytochrome reaction.
Phalloidin-Induced Proliferation of Actin Filaments within Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Agostini B. , Govindan V. M. , Wieland Th. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Confirming our previous ultrastructural and biochemical studies, the combined electron microscopy and immunofluorescence investigations show that phalloidin causes a characteristically striking increase of actin filaments within rat hepatocytes. Filaments are localized mainly at the level of special junctional complexes between contiguous cells and around bile canaliculi.
Stickstoff-Ausscheidung durch N 2-fixierende Blaualgen, III / Nitrogen Excretion by Nitrogen Fixing Blue-green Algae, III
Authors: Pohl P. , Rath G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The total combined nitrogen (850 //mol N/1) excreted by the nitrogen fixing blue-green alga, A nabaena cylin drica, during growth in an artificial nutrient medium, was subsequently utilized to a different degree by various green algae. Two species of filamentous green algae, Chlorhormidium spec, (strain I) and Chlorhorm idium spec, (strain II), proved to be most suitable: When grown in the above nitrogen-enriched medium after removal of A nabaena cylindrica, they lowered the nitrogen level in the medium from 850 to 460 - 600//mol N/1 within 29 days. When another nitrogen fixing blue-green alga, Anabaena solitaria, was grown under unsterile conditions in mixtures of freshwater and seawater with trace elements (Fe, Mn, and Mo) added, nitrogen levels of 1000 - 1060 //mol N/1 were obtained. These levels were subsequently lowered to 530 - 570 //mol N/1 by the two species of Chlorhorm idium . Under appropriate growth conditions, the combined nitrogen excreted by Anabaena solitaria can possibly be utilized as a nitrogen source for green algae
Testosterone Metabolism in Streptomyces hydrogenans
Authors: Markert Claus , Betz Brigitte , Träger Lothar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Testosterone, Androst-4-en-3,17-dione, Enzyme Induction, S trep to m yces hydrogenans After cultivation of S trep to m yces hydrogenan s in the presence of 3H-labelled testosterone, radio­ active steroids were extracted separately from the cytosolic, ribosomal and cell wall-membrane fraction of the cells and from the culture medium, respectively.. The separation of the steroids was performed by one-and two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC). The identification of the main metabolites was achieved by crystallization to constant specific radioactivity, specific staining procedures and acetylation. The oxidation of testosterone to androst-4-en-3,17-dione is by far the predominating reaction, which is almost finished after 3 h cultivation. Androst-4-en-3,17-dione is mainly transferred into the culture medium and partly accumulated within the cell wall-membrane fraction. High polar steroid metabolites and androstane derivatives are present in very small amounts only.
Quercetin-3β-D-(6-0-galloyl-galactosid), ein Inhaltsstoff von Arctostaphylosuvaursi (L.) Spreng. (Ericaceae) / Quercetine-3β-D-(6-O-galloyl-galactoside), a Constituent of Arctostaphylosuvaursi (L.) Spreng. (Ericaceae)
Authors: Geiger Hans , Schücker Ursula , Waldrum Hugh , Velde George Vander , Mabry Tom J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In addition to known constituents have been isolated from the leaves of Arctostaphylosuvaursi quercetine-β-D- (6-O-galloyl-galactoside), two isomeric quercetine-3-arabinosides and myricetine-β-ᴅ-galactoside
Respiratory Electron Flow and ATPase System in Photosynthetically Grown Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Authors: Knobloch Karl 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Photosynthesis, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Respiration Chain, Electron Retardation, ATPase Rhodopseudomonas palustris is grown photosynthetically on thiosulfate. As pointed out earlier, the chromatophore deficient cell-free fraction S-144,000 catalyzes the thiosulfate-linked ATP-dependent reversal of electron transfer in anaerobiosis, thus providing reducing equivalents in the form of NADH. Under aerobic conditions, this fraction also catalyzes the oxidation of NADH, ferro-cytochrome c, or ascorbate. ATP, ADP, and PPi are active in retarding the aerobic electron flow. The electron retardation is stimulated by the addition of Mg2+ due to a Mg2+-stimulated ATPase present. The ATPase system in S-144,000 hydrolyzes ATP, ADP, and P Pi. Similarly, ATP or ADP or even PPi can function as energy sources in order to achieve the reduction of pyridine nucleotide. The ATPase turnover is diminished by NADH or NAD+. Admixture of ascorbate results in an increased ATPase activity. Exactly the enhanced amount of adenine nucleotide hydrolysis caused by the addition of ascorbate is inhibited by cyanide.
Die Sulfitreduktase aus Spinacia oleracea — ein Ferredoxin- abhängiges Enzym / A Ferredoxin-linked Sulfite Reductase from Spinacia oleracea
Authors: Hennies H.-H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A sulfite reductase from spinach has been purified 125 fold. Throughout all stages of purification the reduction of sulfite has been found dependent on ferredoxin. Reduced ferredoxin has been provided either by photosynthetic reduction in isolated, broken chloroplasts or by NADPH via the ferredoxin-NADP-oxidoreductase. During the purification procedure ferredoxin as electrondonor has been replaced by reduced methylviologen.
Charakterisierung von Messenger-Ribonukleoproteiden aus Hefezellen / Characterization of Messenger Ribonucleoproteins from Yeasts
Authors: Holz Hartmut , Scholing Lerke 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A method to produce in 15 min stable sphaeroplasts from yeasts of the early log-phase is described. This method was used to isolate polysomes, after specific radioactive labelling of mRNA. The mRNP *-particles, isolated from polysomes, have sedimentation-coefficients from 10 to 80S and a density of 1.4 g/cm3, the polysomes a density of 1.58 g/cm3 and the ribosomes a density of 1.61 g/cm3.
The Com petition Dialysis Method. A Possible Application: The Determination of Association Constants for Complexes of Tightly Bound or Labile Apoproteins
Authors: Mermier Pierre 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Association The competition dialysis is based on the competition for a ligand between a macromolecule and an excess of another molecule able to form a diffusible complex with this ligand. The procedure used the Colowick’s cell and is proposed for determining association constants of complexes which contain tightly bound or labile apoproteins.
Polymergebundenes Puromycin / Resin Linked Puromycin
Authors: Seela Frank 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A biospecific resin for the retardation of ribosomal pep-tidyltransferase by affinity chromatography was prepared by condensing the α-amino group of puromycin with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of CH-Sepharose 4B to yield the resin-linked puromycin derivative 4.
Main Flavonoids from Pseudolarix am abilis Leaves
Authors: Niemann Gerard J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Needles of Pseudolarix amabilis contain one principal flavonoid, which was identified as myricetin-3-rhamnoside. Myricetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-(ferulylglucoside) and kaempferol-3-(p-coumarylglucoside) were present in much lower concentration.
Molecular Arrangement of DNA in Nucleohistone
Authors: Basu S. 
Published: August 2018

Several optical and hydrodynamic properties of purified nucleohistone have indicated that the secondary structure of DNA in nucleohistone is slightly different both from the structures of native and denatured DNA in solution. It has been suggested that while histones stabilize the overall DNA-structure they incorporate into the latter some denaturation defects.
Rotational diffusion studies of acridine-orange complexes of whole and dehistonized nucleohistones have indicated that nucleohistone should contain a single continuous DNA molecule. The contour length of the DNA molecule would be about 2 to 3 times the end-to-end distance of nucleohistone.
Polarized fluorescence microscopy and linear dichroism studies of whole nucleohistone have given an average estimate (about 30% of the total DNA) of oriented DNA in nucleohistone. The degree and the direction of maximum polarization of fluorescence from the dye complexes of whole and partial (i. e. partially dissociated) nucleohistones have been studied. From these studies, it is proposed that no single supercoiled arrangement of the DNA in nucleohistone is tenable.
The combined results of all these studies suggest that the basic nucleohistone molecule contains coiled and extended DNA regions. The proportion of the lengths of the DNA constrained in the coiled and the extended regions is about 7:3. Only two probable models or classes have this quantitative feature of the DNA-arrangement and have been discussed.
The Effect of Deoxycholate-Treatment to the Photoreactions of the Active Pigments in Photosynthesis
Authors: Döring Günter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the heavy fraction of deoxycholate-treated spinach chloroplasts the chlorophyll an activity is high and the chlorophyll aI activity is low when no artificial electron donor is added. The addition of the photosystem I donor system N-methyl-phenazonium sulphate plus sodium ascorbate (PMS + Asc) leads to a complete reactivation of the chlorophyll aI reaction. The addition of the photo­system II donor system p-benzohydroquinone plus sodium ascorbate (HQ + Asc) leads to an inhibition of the chlorophyll aII activity.
From these results we conclude:
1. Besides an interruption of the linear electron flow between the two photosystems deoxycholate-treatment leads to a block of the electron flow from water to photosystem II.
2. In deoxycholate-treated chloroplasts the linear electron flow in photosystem II just like in Triswashed, heat-treated or aged chloroplasts, is replaced by a cyclic one.
Fractionated Precipitation of Acid Macropolyanions by Dialysis, a Simple Method for the Estimation of DNA in Complex Biological Samples
Authors: Seibert Gerhard , Zahn Rudolf K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
After efficient extraction by para-aminosalicylate, (hopping, grinding and eventual sonication, the macropolyanions are transformed into their cetyltrimethylammonium salts. These have differing solubilities, strongly depending on ionic strength. The cationic detergent-macropolyanionic salts are solubilized by high salt concentration. Salt is then dialysed out, rendering the polyanions highly insoluble in a sequential fashion. The insolubilized components are determined quantitatively by monitoring turbidity, which in case of DNA is strictly proportionate to its concentration. This relation is not affected by other components. This makes DNA determination possible even in crude aqueous extracts.
The method has been applied to different objects, such as bacteria, plants, animals, soil and activated sludge. The method may prove to be especially useful in research of environmental poisons e. g. in rivers, lakes or clarifiers.
Characterization of Mitochondrial D N A from the Pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens)
Authors: Lesca Claire , Moisand Andre , Puget Alain 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Further to anatomical and physiological studies performed on the pika (Ochotona rufescens
rufescens), a new laboratory animal, the main characteristics of the mitochondrial DNA from its liver are defined. The buoyant density of this DNA is 1.695 g/cm3, its length 5.30 µm, i.e., 3.17 times that of the replicative form of ΦX 174. It could have approximatively 16 500 base pairs.
The DNA from the pika is very similar to that of the rat or the rabbit, although these animals show great physiological differences.
Reversible Transformation of Precipitated and Nonprecipitated Lipoproteins Recombined from Proteins and Lipids of Erythrocyte Membranes
Authors: Berger K. U. , Schubert D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The sedimentation at low speed centrifugation of a lipoprotein recombined from the lipids, and the strongly bound proteins of the human erythrocyte membrane depends on pH : between 4.5 and 6.0, most of the liproprotein sediments, whereas at pH 7.0 - 8.5, up to 90% remains in the supernatant. Precipitation of the lipoprotein can be reversed by increasing the pH, followed by a brief sonication. The mobility of spin-labelled protein groups in the lipoprotein increases with increasing pH. This mobility increase is also reversible and is of equal magnitude in precipitated and nonprecipitated recombinates. It is concluded that, because of these reversibilities, determination of the yield of liproprotein formation in recombination experiments must include analysis of both precipitated and nonprecipitated lipoproteins.
Notizen: The Accessory Sex Glands as the Repository for Juvenile Hormone in Male Cecropia Moths
Authors: Shirk Paul , Dahm Karl , Roller Herbert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Gas chromatographic determinations, bioassays, and radio­ labelling experiments show that the juvenile hormone in adult male Hyalophora cecropia is accumulated exclusively in the accessory sex glands. Moths do not store measurable quantities of juvenile hormone if their accessory sex glands are removed shortly after adult eclosion.
Nutritional Requirement for 4-Aminobenzoate Caused by Mutation of Dihydropteroate Synthetase
Authors: Rappold Helmut , Bacher Adelbert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Aerobacter aerogenes mutant 62-1 AC requires high concentrations of 4-aminobenzoate for growth. The mutant accumulates N-glucosyl-4-aminobenzoate and has an intact 4-aminobenzoate synthetase (Bacher, Gilch, Rappold, and Lingens, Z. Naturforsch. 28c, 614 - 617 [1973]). On the other hand the ability of the mutant to synthesize dihydropteroate is markedly reduced. The dihydropteroate synthetase level of mutant 62-1 AC is 1% as compared to the parent strain. Spontaneous revertants of mutant 62-1 AC show wild type levels of dihydropteroate synthetase. We conclude that the requirement for 4-aminobenzoate in mutant 62-1 AC is due to poor utilization of 4-aminobenzoate as a consequence of the low level of dihydropteroate synthetase activity.
Notizen: Über das Vorkom men von Acetylcholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.7) in der H äm olym phe der Miesmuschel Mytilus edulis / Occurrence of an Acetylcholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.7) in the Haemolymph of the Mussel Mytilus edulis
Authors: Wachtendonk Dettmar von 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A Cholinesterase deriving from the hemolymph of the mussel Mytilus edulis was partially purified by use of gel-permeation and ion-exchange chromatography; the specifity to different substrates or inhibitors indicates clearly the occurrence of a “true” acetylcholinesterase.
Absorption and Transport of Pb2+ in Young Pea Seedlings
Authors: Kannan Seshadri , Keppel Hans 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pb2+ Uptake Short-term experiments were carried out to understand the mechanism of absorption and transport of Pb2+ in young pea seedlings. It was found that considerable fraction of Pb2+ absorbed could be exchanged with Ca2+ in the medium. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, or K+ in the absorption medium significantly reduced the absorption of Pb2+. Uptake of Pb2+ was largely non-metabolic, as shown by its insensitivity to temperature changes and the presence of a metabolic inhibitor.
Presence of Pb2+ in the medium was highly inihibitory to the absorption of micronutrients, viz., Fe2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. The inhibition appeared to be of a physical nature, like blocking the entry or binding of the ions to the ion-carrier.
Ein neues cyanogenes Glykosid aus der Rosacee Sorbaria arborea / A New Cyanogenic Glycoside from Sorbaria arborea (Rosaceae)
Authors: Nahrstedt Adolf 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A new cyanogenic glycoside was isolated from Sorbaria arborea L. (Rosaceae) and identified as 2-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyloxy-4-p-hydroxybenzoyloxy-3-methylenbutyronitrile (cardiospermin-p-hydroxybenzoate) mainly by 1H-NMR-spectroscopy. The new glycoside is atypical for this family known for its mandelonitrileglycosides.