bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronotropic incompetence as a risk predictor in children and young adults with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Franciosi Sonia , Roston Thomas M. , Perry Frances K.G. , Knollmann Bjorn C. , Kannankeril Prince J. , Sanatani Shubhayan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionRisk stratification tools for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) are limited. The exercise stress test (EST) is the most important diagnostic and prognostic test. We aimed to determine whether heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) response during EST were associated with the risk of arrhythmias.Materials and MethodsWe studied the association between HR and BP response and ventricular arrhythmia burden on EST in 20 CPVT patients. HR reserve values <80% and ≤62% were used to define chronotropic incompetence (CI) off and on therapy, respectively. Symptoms and ventricular arrhythmia score (VAS) in all patients with respect to CI and BP during index EST off therapy and on maximal therapy were compared.ResultsCI in CPVT patients off therapy was associated with a worse VAS during EST (P = .046). Patients with CI also more frequently presented with syncope and/or cardiac arrest compared to patients with a normal chronotropic response (P = .008). Once on therapy, patients with CI had similar VAS compared to patients without CI (P = .50), suggesting that treatment attenuates risk related to CI. Patients with CI also had a lower peak systolic BP (P = .041) which persisted on maximal therapy (P = .033).ConclusionUntreated CPVT patients with CI have more ventricular arrhythmias than those without CI. This may serve as a simple disease prognosticator that can be modified by antiarrhythmic therapy. A mechanistic link between CI and arrhythmia susceptibility remains unknown. Larger studies are needed to confirm and establish the mechanism of these findings.
Intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns in adolescents with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Langberg Joshua M. , Breaux Rosanna P. , Cusick Caroline N. , Green Cathrin D. , Smith Zoe R. , Molitor Stephen J. , Becker Stephen P. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPrior studies examining the sleep of adolescents with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have relied on mean values such as average sleep duration, which masks intraindividual variability (IIV). The objective was to investigate whether adolescents with ADHD have greater IIV of sleep/wake patterns than adolescents without ADHD using actigraphy and daily sleep diaries.MethodAdolescents (ages 13.17 ± 0.40 years; 45% female) with (n = 162) and without (n = 140) ADHD were recruited from middle schools at two sites. Participants wore actigraphs and completed sleep diaries for an average of 2 weeks.ResultsMultilevel models were conducted with sex, sleep medication use, ADHD medication use, number of days with data, and social jetlag controlled for in analyses. For actigraphy, adolescents with ADHD had greater variability for time in bed, sleep onset and offset, and wake after sleep onset than adolescents without ADHD. For sleep diary data, adolescents with ADHD had greater variability in bedtime, wake time, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep quality, and night wakings than adolescents without ADHD. Social jetlag was a significant predictor of variability in sleep measures based on both actigraph and daily diaries; however, ADHD status was not associated with social jetlag.ConclusionsThis is the first study to show that adolescents with ADHD have more variable sleep/wake patterns than their peers using both objective and subjective sleep measures. IIV of sleep/wake patterns may be important for clinicians to assess and monitor as part of treatment. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying increased IIV of sleep/wake patterns in adolescents with ADHD and potential consequences for daytime functioning.
Sample sizes and statistical methods in interventional studies on individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review
Authors: Zimmermann Georg , Bolter Lisa‐Maria , Sluka Ronny , Höller Yvonne , Bathke Arne C. , Thomschewski Aljoscha , Leis Stefan , Lattanzi Simona , Brigo Francesco , Trinka Eugen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimPrevalence and incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) are low. However, sample sizes have not been systematically examined yet, although this might represent useful information for study planning and power considerations. Therefore, our objective was to determine the median sample size in clinical trials on SCI individuals. Moreover, within small‐sample size studies, statistical methods and awareness of potential problems regarding small samples were examined.MethodsWe systematically reviewed all studies on human SCI individuals published between 2014 and 2015, where the effect of an intervention on one or more health‐related outcomes was assessed by means of a hypothesis test. If at least one group had a size <20, the study was classified as a small sample size study. PubMed was searched for eligible studies; subsequently, data on sample sizes and statistical methods were extracted and summarized descriptively.ResultsOut of 8897 studies 207 were included. Median total sample size was 18 (range 4‐582). Small sample sizes were found in 167/207 (81%) studies, resulting limitations and implications for statistical analyses were mentioned in 109/167 (65%) studies.ConclusionsAlthough most recent SCI trials have been conducted with small samples, the consequences on statistical analysis methods and the validity of the results are rarely acknowledged.
Effects of leaf conditions and flight activity on the behaviour of Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae)
Authors: Pham Duy Long , Ito Yasuto , Okada Ryuichi , Ikeno Hidetoshi , Isagi Yuji , Yamasaki Michimasa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe important role of semiochemicals in the interactions between plants and insects has been extensively investigated. The volatiles produced by oak trees are thought to attract the ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus (Murayama), which causes wilt disease in Quercus trees, resulting in widespread damage. In the present study, we hypothesized that (a) P. quercivorus is attracted to the leaf volatiles emitted by host trees and (b) the response of P. quercivorus to leaf volatiles is affected by flight. An experiment was performed to survey the preferences of both sexes of P. quercivorus for the leaf volatiles of Quercus crispula Blume at various stages of leaf deterioration, represented by different number of days after cutting. Additionally, the effect of flight on both sexes was evaluated by testing the beetle flight on a flight mill. The results showed that P. quercivorus was attracted to the volatiles emitted from fresh leaves and was not attracted to those emitted from dry leaves. This suggests that leaf volatiles from healthy hosts are primary attractants for P. quercivorus. Further, males exhibited increased olfactory responses to leaf volatiles as their flight duration increased, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in females. These results suggest that the different ecological roles of the sexes contribute to differences in olfactory responses.
Effects of experimental warming on wild and transgenic oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Chiu Ming‐Chih , Ni Yu‐Han , Lu Kuang‐Hui , Kuo Mei‐Hwa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClimate change may influence the application efficiency of transgenic marking, such as in mark–release–recapture (MRR) experiments or sterile insect technique (SIT). Wild and transgenic fruit flies of Bactrocera dorsalis were subjected to oscillating regimes that represent current temperature conditions (mean: 28.6°C) and various future possible scenarios (means: 30.0, 32.5 and 35.0°C). As the temperature was increased to 30.0°C, the negative effects on adult fecundity and demographic parameters (net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase) of only the transgenic cohorts increased. With a moderate warming (32.5°C), negative effects were observed on the net reproductive rate for both fly strains, and these effects on the life‐history traits (adult fecundity and longevity) and intrinsic rate of increase were stronger in the transgenic than in the wild cohorts, with reference to the trait values at 30.0°C. A severe warming (35.0°C) resulted in the failure of all individuals of both fly strains to reach adulthood. We suggest parametrical adjustments or decreased differences in fitness with refined transgenesis under current and future climate conditions, which can reduce the marking limitations of pest management and eradication programmes.
Prolactin receptor expression in mouse dorsal root ganglia neuronal subtypes is sex‐dependent
Authors: Patil Mayur , Hovhannisyan Anahit H. , Wangzhou Andi , Mecklenburg Jennifer , Koek Wouter , Goffin Vincent , Grattan David , Boehm Ulrich , Dussor Gregory , Price Theodore J. , Akopian Armen N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSensory neurones exhibit sex‐dependent responsiveness to prolactin (PRL). This could contribute to sexual dimorphism in pathological pain conditions. The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying sex‐dependent PRL sensitivity in sensory neurones. A quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction shows that prolactin receptor (Prlr) long and short isoform mRNAs are expressed at comparable levels in female and male mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In Prlrcre/+;Rosa26LSL‐tDTomato/+ reporter mice, percentages of Prlr+ sensory neurones in female and male DRG are also similar. Characterisation of Prlr+ DRG neurones using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology revealed that Prlr+ DRG neurones are mainly peptidergic nociceptors in females and males. However, sensory neurone type‐dependent expression of Prlr is sex dimorphic. Thus, Prlr+ populations fell into three small‐ and two medium‐large‐sized sensory neuronal groups. Prlr+ DRG neurones are predominantly medium‐large sized in males and are proportionally more comprised of small‐sized sensory neurones in females. Specifically, Prlr+/IB4+/CGRP+ neurones are four‐ to five‐fold higher in numbers in female DRG. By contrast, Prlr+/IB4−/CGRP+/5HT3a+/NPYR2− are predominant in male DRG. Prlr+/IB4−/CGRP−, Prlr+/IB4−/CGRP+ and Prlr+/IB4−/CGRP+/NPYR2+ neurones are evenly encountered in female and male DRG. These differences were confirmed using an independently generated single‐cell sequencing dataset. Overall, we propose a novel mechanism by which sensory neurone type‐dependent expression of Prlr could explain the unique sex dimorphism in responsiveness of nociceptors to PRL.
A complex pattern of post‐divergence expansion, contraction, introgression, and asynchronous responses to Pleistocene climate changes in two Dipelta sister species from western China
Authors: Tian Bin , Fu Yi , Milne Richard I. , Mao Kang‐Shan , Sun Yong‐Shuai , Ma Xiang‐Guang , Sun Hang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe well‐known vicariance and dispersal models dominate in understanding the allopatric pattern for related species and presume the simultaneous occurrence of speciation and biogeographic events. However, the formation of allopatry could postdate the species divergence. We examined this hypothesis using DNA sequence data from three chloroplast fragments and five nuclear loci of Dipelta floribunda Maxim. and D. yunnanensis Franch, two shrub species with the circum Sichuan Basin distribution, combining the climatic niche modeling approach. The best‐fit model supported by the approximate Bayesian computation analysis indicated that D. floribunda and D. yunnanensis diverged during the mid‐Pleistocene period, consistent with the largest glacial period in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The historically interspecific gene flow was identified, but seemed to have ceased after the last interglacial period, when the range of D. floribunda moved northward from the south of the Sichuan Basin. Furthermore, populations of D. floribunda had expanded obviously in the north of the Sichuan Basin after the last glacial maximum (LGM). Relatively, the range of D. yunnanensis expanded before the LGM, and reduced during the post‐LGM especially in the north of the Sichuan Basin, reflecting the asynchronous responses of related species to contemporary climate changes. Our results suggested that complex topography should be considered in understanding distributional patterns, even for closely related species and their demographic responses.
The role of island physiography in maintaining genetic diversity in the endemic Tyrrhenian wall lizard (Podarcis tiliguerta)
Authors: Senczuk G. , Castiglia R. , Colangelo P. , Delaugerre M. , Corti C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSea level oscillations occurred during the Pleistocene have strongly affected islands’ physiography by changing area, elevation, and even the number of islands rising above the sea level. Such changes had direct consequences on island genetic diversity by promoting genetic admixture during glacial marine regressions while fragmentation or even extinctions occurred because of marine transgressions. Here we investigated the effect of islands’ physiographic changes on the mitochondrial diversity of 84 individuals of the Tyrrhenian wall lizard (Podarcis tiliguerta) from different islands and island groups surrounding Corsica and Sardinia. The La Maddalena Archipelago that is the more complex of the studied island groups, showed the highest genetic diversity, while we detected decreasing genetic diversity in island groups with lower number of islands and elevation. The genetic imprint we found seems to have been shaped by eustatic changes occurred in the Mediterranean basin during Mid‐Pleistocene times. Indeed, a relevant component of ancient lineages was found on those island groups among which elevation of at least one island allowed populations to survive during the Mid‐Pleistocene marine transgressions. In contrast, we found evidence of recent gene flow between populations inhabiting islands or island groups characterized by low elevation. Our results suggest that many features such as number of islands and their elevation, may provide predictive information to identify those islands or “archipelagos” that deserve special attention in terms of conservation priority.
Social, behavioural and temporal components of wolf (Canis lupus) responses to anthropogenic landscape features in the central Apennines, Italy
Authors: Mancinelli S. , Falco M. , Boitani L. , Ciucci P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding large carnivores’ behavioural adaptations to habitat modifications is critical for their persistence in human‐modified environments. Based on 10 Global Positioning System‐collared wolves in a protected area of central Italy, we investigated wolf responses to anthropogenic features such as roads and settlements by using Step and Resource Selection Functions. We revealed that responses by wolves to anthropogenic features varied according to behavioural state (travelling vs. resting) and social affiliation (pack members vs. floaters), while accounting for seasonal and circadian effects. During summer, pack members strongly avoided roads and settlements throughout all day, both when travelling and resting, and complemented this response by selecting forested areas and shrublands. Conversely, during fall and winter, pack members relaxed the avoidance towards anthropogenic features by travelling closer to main roads and settlements, but they still selected resting sites farther from anthropogenic features and located them in denser cover and along steeper slopes. Compared to pack members, floaters, when travelling, showed a weaker avoidance of main roads and settlements and did not show any selection pattern towards environmental variables. When resting, contrary to pack members, floaters selected sites closer to main roads and settlements, even though these were still located along denser cover and steeper slopes. Our findings suggest that wolves living in human‐modified landscapes adapt behaviourally to the spatial and temporal distribution of perceived interference by humans and that their response is complementary to the expected seasonal and circadian variation in human activity. These adaptations appear to be aided by the selection of habitat features that enhance security and allow segregation from humans. Maintenance of such habitat characteristics appears of critical importance to ensure the functionality of behavioural adaptations by wolves living in human‐modified landscapes.
How Are Symbols and Nonsymbolic Numerical Magnitudes Related? Exploring Bidirectional Relationships in Early Numeracy
Authors: Goffin Celia , Ansari Daniel 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWhat is the nature of the relationship between different lower‐level numerical skills and their role in developing arithmetic skills? We consider the hypothesis of a reciprocal relationship between the development of symbolic (e.g., Arabic numerals) and nonsymbolic (e.g., arrays of objects) numerical magnitude processing. Evidence for bidirectional relationships between symbolic and nonsymbolic numerical magnitude skill development is examined. Overall, present evidence is more indicative of an influence of symbolic numerical magnitude skills on the development of nonsymbolic numerical magnitude skills than vice versa. Looking forward, methodological issues pertinent to measuring the direction of such relationships are discussed. Also discussed is the important role that training studies need to play to further understand the complex relationships between basic number skills, and in turn their relationship with arithmetic. It is important that assumptions about relationships between lower and higher‐level cognitive skills are tested empirically and that seemingly counterintuitive relationships are given serious consideration.
A spatio‐temporal ensemble method for large‐scale traffic state prediction
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Zhiyuan , Vu Hai L. , Lyu Cheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHow to effectively ensemble multiple models while leveraging the spatio‐temporal information is a challenging but practical problem. However, there is no existing ensemble method explicitly designed for spatio‐temporal data. In this paper, a fully convolutional model based on semantic segmentation technology is proposed, termed as spatio‐temporal ensemble net. The proposed method is suitable for grid‐based spatio‐temporal prediction in dense urban areas. Experiments demonstrate that through spatio‐temporal ensemble net, multiple traffic state prediction base models can be combined to improve the prediction accuracy.
Serum antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in southeast Queensland dugongs
Authors: Wong Arthur , Lanyon Janet M. , O'Handley Ryan , Linedale Richard , Woolford Lucy , Long Trevor , Leggatt Graham R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe dugong (Dugong dugon) is an herbivorous marine mammal that inhabits tropical inshore waters and thus may be vulnerable to pollutants and terrestrial pathogens as a result of coastal runoff. In this study, serum samples collected from live, wild dugongs (n = 114) in an embayment located on the urbanized southeast Queensland coast of Australia during 2008–2014, were measured for IgG antibody levels specific to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. An ELISA used to measure T. gondii tachyzoite antibodies indicated a non‐Gaussian distribution of antibody level, with five dugongs identified as high outliers. Mean levels of antibodies specific for T. gondii in dugongs sampled in 2014 were significantly higher than in 2010 (p = .006) and 2011 (p = .009) with an elevation in mean antibody levels after a major 2011 flood event relative to antibody levels prior to the flood (p < .0001). A competitive ELISA to detect N. caninum antibody indicated a normal distribution of antibody with no high outliers. Mean antibody level for N. caninum was highest in 2012 and declined significantly in 2014 (p = .004). This is the first survey of antibodies directed against T. gondii and N. caninum in dugongs and suggests future health monitoring of this species.
Exploring associations between water, sanitation, and anemia through 47 nationally representative demographic and health surveys
Authors: Kothari Monica T. , Coile Amanda , Huestis Arja , Pullum Tom , Garrett Dean , Engmann Cyril 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGlobally, no countries are on track to achieve the adopted global nutrition targets set for anemia in 2025. Given the linkages between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and nutrition, this secondary data analysis explores potential associations with anemia. Forty‐seven demographic and health surveys were used to explore the association between unimproved water and sanitation and anemia in women and children with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) calculated by country and cumulatively. In over 60% of countries, children with off‐premises water access had significantly increased odds of anemia. In over a quarter of countries, children exposed to surface water had higher odds of anemia. In Burundi, children were 1.65 times more likely to be anemic when reported to be living in households using surface water. However, in India, a protective effect was noted (adjusted OR: 0.70,P< 0.001) for surface water. In 60% and 65% of countries, women and children exposed to an open sanitation facility had higher odds of being anemic, respectively. There is evidence of an association between selected water and sanitation indicators and anemia. Promoting policies, practices and research that strengthen access to improved WASH should be considered for reducing anemia prevalence alongside standard nutrition interventions.
Hemoglobin concentration and anemia diagnosis in venous and capillary blood: biological basis and policy implications
Authors: Neufeld Lynnette M. , Larson Leila M. , Kurpad Anura , Mburu Sheila , Martorell Reynaldo , Brown Kenneth H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAnemia is an important public health challenge and accurate prevalence estimates are needed for program planning and tracking progress. While venous blood assessed by automated hematology analyzers is considered gold standard, most population‐based surveys use point‐of‐care diagnostics and capillary blood to estimate population prevalence of anemia. Several factors influence hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, including human and analytic error, analysis method, and type of instrument, but it is unclear whether biological variability exists between venous and capillary blood. The objective of this paper was to systematically review sources of Hb variability and the potential biological basis for venous and capillary differences. We use data from a recent survey in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, to illustrate the implications on anemia prevalence estimates. Significant differences in Hb concentration between capillary and venous blood samples are common. Most but not all find capillary Hb concentration to be higher than venous. Instrument/method variability and human error play an important role, but cannot fully explain these differences. A normative guide to data collection, analysis, and anemia diagnosis is needed to ensure consistent and appropriate interpretation. Further research is needed to fully understand the biological implications of venous and capillary Hb variability.