bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry for yeast identification: a multicenter study
Authors: Normand Anne-Cécile , Gabriel Frédéric , Riat Arnaud , Cassagne Carole , Bourgeois Nathalie , Huguenin Antoine , Chauvin Pamela , De Geyter Deborah , Bexkens Michiel , Rubio Elisa , Hendrickx Marijke , Ranque Stéphane , Piarroux Renaud 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) is routinely used in mycology laboratories to rapidly identify pathogenic yeasts. Various methods have been proposed to perform routine MS-based identification of clinically relevant species. In this study, we focused on Bruker technology and assessed the identification performance of three protocols: two pretreatment methods (rapid formic acid extraction directly performed on targets and full extraction using formic acid/acetonitrile in tubes) and a direct deposit protocol that omits the extraction step. We also examined identification performance using three target types (ground-steel, polished-steel, and biotargets) and two databases (Bruker and online MSI [biological-mass-spectrometry-identification application]) in a multicenter manner. Ten European centers participated in the study, in which a total of 1511 yeast isolates were analyzed. The 10 centers prospectively performed the three protocols on approximately 150 yeast isolates each, and the corresponding spectra were then assessed against two reference spectra databases (MSI and Bruker), with appropriate thresholds. Three centers evaluated the impact of the targets. Scores were compared between the various combinations, and identification accuracy was assessed. The protocol omitting the extraction step was inappropriate for yeast identification, while the full extraction method yielded far better results. Rapid formic acid extraction yielded variable results depending on the target, database and threshold. Selecting the optimal extraction method in combination with the appropriate target, database and threshold may enable simple and accurate identification of clinically relevant yeast samples. Concerning the widely used polished-steel targets, the full extraction method still ensured better scores and better identification rates.
Massive spheroids can form in single minor mergers
Authors: Jackson R A , Martin G , Kaviraj S , Laigle C , Devriendt J E G , Dubois Y , Pichon C 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Understanding how rotationally supported discs transform into dispersion-dominated spheroids is central to our comprehension of galaxy evolution. Morphological transformation is largely merger-driven. While major mergers can efficiently create spheroids, recent work has highlighted the significant role of other processes, like minor mergers, in driving morphological change. Given their rich merger histories, spheroids typically exhibit large fractions of ‘ex situ’ stellar mass, i.e. mass that is accreted, via mergers, from external objects. This is particularly true for the most massive galaxies, whose stellar masses typically cannot be attained without a large number of mergers. Here, we explore an unusual population of extremely massive (M* > 1011M⊙) spheroids, in the Horizon-AGN simulation, which exhibit anomalously low ex situ mass fractions, indicating that they form without recourse to significant merging. These systems form in a single minor-merger event (with typical merger mass ratios of 0.11–0.33), with a specific orbital configuration, where the satellite orbit is virtually co-planar with the disc of the massive galaxy. The merger triggers a catastrophic change in morphology, over only a few hundred Myr, coupled with strong in situ star formation. While this channel produces a minority (∼5 per cent) of such galaxies, our study demonstrates that the formation of at least some of the most massive spheroids need not involve major mergers – or any significant merging at all – contrary to what is classically believed.
Dwarf galaxies in CDM, WDM, and SIDM: disentangling baryons and dark matter physics
Authors: Fitts Alex , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Bozek Brandon , Bullock James S , Graus Andrew , Robles Victor , Hopkins Philip F , El-Badry Kareem , Garrison-Kimmel Shea , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Wetzel Andrew , Kereš Dušan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a suite of FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations of isolated field dwarf galaxies, all with masses of $M_{\rm halo} \approx 10^{10}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ at z = 0, across a range of dark matter models. For the first time, we compare how both self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) and/or warm dark matter (WDM) models affect the assembly histories as well as the central density structure in fully hydrodynamical simulations of dwarfs. Dwarfs with smaller stellar half-mass radii (r1/2 &lt; 500 pc) have lower σ⋆/Vmax ratios, reinforcing the idea that smaller dwarfs may reside in haloes that are more massive than is naively expected. The majority of dwarfs simulated with self-interactions actually experience contraction of their inner density profiles with the addition of baryons relative to the cores produced in dark-matter-only runs, though the simulated dwarfs are always less centrally dense than in ΛCDM. The V1/2–r1/2 relation across all simulations is generally consistent with observations of Local Field dwarfs, though compact objects such as Tucana provide a unique challenge. Overall, the inclusion of baryons substantially reduces any distinct signatures of dark matter physics in the observable properties of dwarf galaxies. Spatially resolved rotation curves in the central regions (&lt;400 pc) of small dwarfs could provide a way to distinguish between CDM, WDM, and SIDM, however: at the masses probed in this simulation suite, cored density profiles in dwarfs with small r1/2 values can only originate from dark matter self-interactions.
Evolving neutron star+helium star systems to intermediate-mass binary pulsars
Authors: Tang W , Liu D , Wang B 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Intermediate-mass binary pulsars (IMBPs) are composed of neutron stars (NSs) and CO/ONe white dwarfs (WDs). It is generally suggested that IMBPs evolve from intermediate-mass X-ray binaries (IMXBs). However, this scenario is difficult to explain the formation of IMBPs with orbital periods (Porb) less than 3 d. It has recently been proposed that a system consisting of an NS and a helium (He) star can form IMBPs with Porb less than 3 d (known as the NS+He star scenario), but previous works can only cover a few observed sources with short orbital periods. We aim to investigate the NS+He star scenario by adopting different descriptions of the Eddington accretion rate ($\skew4\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$) for NSs and different NS masses (MNS) varying from $1.10$ to $1.80\, \rm M_{\odot }$. Our results can cover most of the observed IMBPs with short orbital periods and almost half of the observed IMBPs with long orbital periods. We found that $\skew4\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$ ∝ MNS−1/3 could match the observations better than a specific value for all NSs. We also found that the final spin periods of NSs slightly decrease with the initial MNS. The observed parameters of PSR J0621+1002, which is one of the well-observed IMBPs whose pulsar mass has been precisely measured, can be reproduced by this work.
On the frequency correlations of low-frequency QPOs with kilohertz QPOs in accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars
Authors: van Doesburgh Marieke , van der Klis Michiel 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate frequency correlations of low frequency (LF, &lt;80 Hz) and kHz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) using the complete RXTE data sets on six accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars (AMXPs) and compare them to those of non-pulsating neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries with known spin. For the AMXPs SAX J1808.4−3658 and XTE J1807−294, we find frequency-correlation power-law indices that, surprisingly, are significantly lower than in the non-pulsars, and consistent with the relativistic precession model (RPM) prediction of 2.0 appropriate to test-particle orbital and Lense–Thirring precession frequencies. As previously reported, power-law normalizations are significantly higher in these AMXPs than in the non-pulsating sources, leading to requirements on the NS specific moment of inertia in this model that cannot be satisfied with realistic equations of state. At least two other AMXPs show frequency correlations inconsistent with those of SAX J1808.4−3658 and XTE J1807−294, and possibly similar to those of the non-pulsating sources; for two AMXPs no conclusions could be drawn. We discuss these results in the context of a model that has had success in black hole (BH) systems involving a torus-like hot inner flow precessing due to (prograde) frame dragging, and a scenario in which additional (retrograde) magnetic and classical precession torques not present in BH systems are also considered. We show that a combination of these interpretations may accommodate our results.
Discovery of s-process enhanced stars in the LAMOST survey
Authors: Norfolk Brodie J , Casey Andrew R , Karakas Amanda I , Miles Matthew T , Kemp Alex J , Schlaufman Kevin C , Ness Melissa , Ho Anna Y Q , Lattanzio John C , Ji Alexander P 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Here we present the discovery of 895 s-process-rich candidates from 454 180 giant stars observed by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) using a data-driven approach. This sample constitutes the largest number of s-process enhanced stars ever discovered. Our sample includes 187 s-process-rich candidates that are enhanced in both barium and strontium, 49 stars with significant barium enhancement only and 659 stars that show only a strontium enhancement. Most of the stars in our sample are in the range of effective temperature and log g typical of red giant branch (RGB) populations, which is consistent with our observational selection bias towards finding RGB stars. We estimate that only a small fraction (∼0.5 per cent) of binary configurations are favourable for s-process enriched stars. The majority of our s-process-rich candidates (95 per cent) show strong carbon enhancements, whereas only five candidates (&lt;3  per cent) show evidence of sodium enhancement. Our kinematic analysis reveals that 97 per cent of our sample are disc stars, with the other 3 per cent showing velocities consistent with the Galactic halo. The scaleheight of the disc is estimated to be $z_{\rm h}=0.634 \pm {0.063}\, \mathrm{kpc}$, comparable with values in the literature. A comparison with yields from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) models suggests that the main neutron source responsible for the Ba and Sr enhancements is the 13C(α,n)16O reaction. We conclude that s-process-rich candidates may have received their overabundances via mass transfer from a previous AGB companion with an initial mass in the range $1\!-\!3\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$.
Investigating the complex velocity structures within dense molecular cloud cores with GBT-Argus
Authors: Chen Che-Yu , Storm Shaye , Li Zhi-Yun , Mundy Lee G , Frayer David , Li Jialu , Church Sarah , Friesen Rachel , Harris Andrew I , Looney Leslie W , Offner Stella , Ostriker Eve C , Pineda Jaime E , Tobin John , Chen Hope H-H 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the first results of high-spectral resolution (0.023 km s−1) N2H+ observations of dense gas dynamics at core scales (∼0.01 pc) using the recently commissioned Argus instrument on the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). While the fitted linear velocity gradients across the cores measured in our targets nicely agree with the well-known power-law correlation between the specific angular momentum and core size, it is unclear if the observed gradients represent core-scale rotation. In addition, our Argus data reveal detailed and intriguing gas structures in position–velocity (PV) space for all five targets studied in this project, which could suggest that the velocity gradients previously observed in many dense cores actually originate from large-scale turbulence or convergent flow compression instead of rigid-body rotation. We also note that there are targets in this study with their star-forming discs nearly perpendicular to the local velocity gradients, which, assuming the velocity gradient represents the direction of rotation, is opposite to what is described by the classical theory of star formation. This provides important insight on the transport of angular momentum within star-forming cores, which is a critical topic on studying protostellar disc formation.
G4.8+6.2, a possible kilonova remnant?
Authors: Liu Yu , Zou Yuan-Chuan , Jiang Bing , Gao He , Ma Shuai-Bing , Liao Bin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Kilonova explosions typically release ∼1050–51 erg in kinetic energy, which is sufficient to constitute a kilonova remnant (KNR); however, it has not yet been confirmed. In this work, we investigate the probable association between G4.8+6.2 and the guest star of AD 1163, which is recorded by the Korean ancient astronomers. Although the evidence available is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion, it is at least theoretically self-consistent that the guest star of AD 1163 was a historical kilonova associated with G4.8+6.2, considering the possible short visible timescale of AD 1163, the relatively high Galactic latitude of G4.8+6.2, and that G4.8+6.2 is spatially coincident with the guest star of AD 1163. Further observation of G4.8+6.2 is needed to test our hypothesis. If our interpretation is correct, our results indicate that young KNRs should have a large diameter and low surface brightness, unlike other young supernova remnants.
The nephrology crystal ball: the medium-term future
Authors: Zoccali Carmine , Blankestijn Peter J , Bruchfeld Annette , Capasso Giovambattista , Fliser Danilo , Fouque Denis , Goumenos Dimitrios , Massy Ziad , Rychlık Ivan , Soler Maria J , Stevens Kate , Spasovski Goce , Wanner Christoph 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In January 2019, the ERA-EDTA surveyed nephrologists with questions on kidney care and kidney research designed to explore comprehension of the impact of alterations to organization of renal care and of advancements in technology and knowledge of kidney disease. Eight hundred and twenty-five ERA-EDTA members, ∼13% of the whole ERA-EDTA membership, replied to an ad hoc questionnaire. More than half of the respondents argued that kidney centres will be increasingly owned by large dialysis providers, nearly a quarter of respondents felt that many medical aspects of dialysis will be increasingly overseen by non-nephrologists and a quarter (24%) also believed that the care and long-term follow-up of kidney transplant patients will be increasingly under the responsibility of transplant physicians caring for patients with any organ transplant. Nearly half of the participants (45%, n = 367) use fully electronic clinical files integrating the clinical ward, the outpatient clinics, the haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis units, as well as transplantation. Smartphone-based self-management programmes for the care of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are scarcely applied (only 11% of surveyed nephrologists), but a substantial proportion of respondents (74%) are eager to know more about the potential usefulness of these apps. Finally, European nephrologists expressed a cautious optimism about the application of omic sciences to nephrology and on wearable and implantable kidneys, but their expectations for the medium term are limited.
Systematic Injustice and the Scale of Wrong-doing
Authors: Donahue-Ochoa Thomas J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 begins the defense of Unfreedom for All by laying out its theory of the nature of systematic injustice and of the harm it does its victims. The theory maintains that systematic injustice can be either the political subjugation described by the received view or structural injustice. Structural injustice is an institutional arrangement in which one group is unjustly privileged and another unjustly harmed by centering or marginalizing of the group’s political voice, exploitation of the victims that benefits the privileged, systematic violence done the victims but not the privileged, and society’s having dominant norms that unjustly favor the privileged and harm the victims. The chapter then offers an account of how systematic injustices compare to other injustices in what it calls “the scale of wrong-doing” and then argues that the harm oppression does its victims is that it sets back one of their fundamental welfare interests.
Global Poverty’s Harm
Authors: Donahue-Ochoa Thomas J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
What is the severest harm suffered by the global poor? Against theories saying that it is social exclusion, corrosive disadvantage, or humiliating personal failure, chapter 8 argues that the harm is that such poverty entangles the poor in a web of crises. The poor are caught up in a spider’s web of agonizing decisions and moral dilemmas, brought on by their poverty. Day in and day out, they face these crises. If they make good decisions, it is probable that their only reward is to continue in their deprived state. If they make poor decisions, then disaster will likely strike. And they know that the next day will bring more crises, and the next yet more. It is this, along with knowing that there are many others in the world who are not so entangled, because they are not poor, that is the severest harm of the injustice of global poverty. The chapter then shows how that injustice suppresses everyone’s potential resistance to it, and thus makes all unfree.
Disenfranchised
Authors: Andreas Joel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDisenfranchised recounts the tumultuous events that have shaped and reshaped factory politics in China since the 1949 Revolution. The book develops a theoretical framework consisting of two dimensions—industrial citizenship and autonomy—to explain changing authority relations in workplaces and uses interviews with workers and managers to provide a shop-floor perspective. Under the work unit system, in place from the 1950s to the 1980s, lifetime job tenure and participatory institutions gave workers a strong form of industrial citizenship, but constraints on autonomous collective action made the system more paternalistic than democratic. Called “masters of the factory,” workers were pressed to participate actively in self-managing teams and employee congresses but only under the all-encompassing control of the factory party committee. Concerned that party cadres were becoming a “bureaucratic class,” Mao experimented with means to mobilize criticism from below, even inciting—during the Cultural Revolution—a worker insurgency that overthrew factory party committees. Unwilling to allow workers to establish permanent autonomous organizations, however, Mao never came up with institutionalized means of making factory leaders accountable to their subordinates. The final chapters recount the process of industrial restructuring, which has transformed work units into profit-oriented enterprises, eliminating industrial citizenship and reducing workers to hired hands dependent on precarious employment and subject to highly coercive discipline. The book closes with an overview of parallel developments around the globe, chronicling the rise and fall of an era of industrial citizenship.
Introduction
Authors: Powers Madison 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of some of the distinctive features of the theory of structural injustice developed in this book, and it concludes with a brief outline of the key topics and arguments presented in subsequent chapters. Among the distinctive features are the important links the theory forges between human rights norms and fairness norms and its intended application to circumstances in which structurally unfair patterns of power and advantage and human rights violations are routinely intertwined. These circumstances are found within different kinds of nation-states and in interactions across national boundaries. In addition, the theory is distinctive in its reliance on examples that illustrate the insights and perspectives of participants in social movements around the world, as well as its emphasis on justifiable forms of resistance in circumstances in which institutions are unwilling or unable to address pressing issues of injustice.
Well-Being
Authors: Powers Madison 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter defends a conception of well-being that underpins the theory of structural injustice. The core elements are health; knowledge and understanding; personal security; personal attachments; equal respect; and self-determination. The chapter points out the distinct ways that the conception of human well-being grounds human rights, explains the depth of unfairness of systematic patterns of disadvantage, and locates the fundamental unfairness of power relations in several forms of control some groups have over the most vital well-being interests of other groups. The conception is developed by way of a series of arguments that supports the selection of the core elements, and it offers a defense against a variety of objections to the inclusion of some elements on the list. The way in which the theory rests on a conception of well-being is distinguished from some other ways well-being informs other moral norms and other theories of justice.
What Structural Injustice Is
Authors: Powers Madison 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines what makes a theory of justice a structural theory. Four key features of structural theories are surveyed in order to show what is distinctive about our theory. First, structural theories differ in their inventory of unjust impacts traceable to structural influences. Second, they vary in their understanding of the primary structural components having the relevant impact. Third, they diverge in the social groups selected for special scrutiny. Fourth, they differ in background assumptions regarding the circumstances to which they apply. Our theory applies to social arrangements that have a profound, pervasive, asymmetric, and near-inescapable impact on core elements of well-being of social groups. Social groups are defined by their relative position within the nexus of power and advantage. This nexus occurs in circumstances involving identifiable agents of injustice whose wrongful conduct is manifested in their roles in creating or sustaining injustices.
Well-Being and Human Rights
Authors: Powers Madison 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates how the conception of well-being developed in this book is a crucial part of the rationale for human rights. A variant of interest-based theories of human rights is defended against a number of objections. These objections include criticisms raised by proponents of control theories, dignity-based theories, and critics who maintain that the function of human rights is not limited to considerations of how human rights matter to the right-holder. The argument builds on an account of the contingent, but widespread linkage between structural unfairness and human rights violations to defend a pragmatic approach to problems of assigning responsibility for human rights. It addresses the specification of counterpart duties that correlate with human rights claims, and it offers guidance on questions pertaining to the more general responsibilities of institutional agents, paradigmatically nation-states, for maintaining background conditions of structural fairness.