bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a thaumarchaeal symbiont that drives incomplete nitrification in the tropical spongeIanthella basta
Authors: Moeller Florian U. , Webster Nicole S. , Herbold Craig W. , Behnam Faris , Domman Daryl , Albertsen Mads , Mooshammer Maria , Markert Stephanie , Turaev Dmitrij , Becher Dörte , Rattei Thomas , Schweder Thomas , Richter Andreas , Watzka Margarete , Nielsen Per Halkjaer , Wagner Michael 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMarine sponges represent one of the few eukaryotic groups that frequently harbour symbiotic members of theThaumarchaeota, which are important chemoautotrophic ammonia‐oxidizers in many environments. However, in most studies, direct demonstration of ammonia‐oxidation by these archaea within sponges is lacking, and little is known about sponge‐specific adaptations of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA). Here, we characterized the thaumarchaeal symbiont of the marine spongeIanthella bastausing metaproteogenomics, fluorescencein situhybridization, qPCR and isotope‐based functional assays. ‘CandidatusNitrosospongia ianthellae’ is only distantly related to cultured AOA. It is an abundant symbiont that is solely responsible for nitrite formation from ammonia inI. bastathat surprisingly does not harbour nitrite‐oxidizing microbes. Furthermore, this AOA is equipped with an expanded set of extracellular subtilisin‐like proteases, a metalloprotease unique among archaea, as well as a putative branched‐chain amino acid ABC transporter. This repertoire is strongly indicative of a mixotrophic lifestyle and is (with slight variations) also found in other sponge‐associated, but not in free‐living AOA. We predict that this feature as well as an expanded and unique set of secreted serpins (protease inhibitors), a unique array of eukaryotic‐like proteins, and a DNA‐phosporothioation system, represent important adaptations of AOA to life within these ancient filter‐feeding animals.
The effect of sildenafil on pleural and peritoneal effusions after the TCPC operation
Authors: Koski Tapio K. , Suominen Pertti K. , Raissadati Alireza , Knihtilä Hanna M. , Ojala Tiina H. , Salminen Jukka T. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundWe evaluated whether the administration of sildenafil in children undergoing the TCPC operation shortened the interval from the operation to the removal of the pleural and peritoneal drains.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 122 patients who had undergone the TCPC operation between 2004 and 2014. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of their treatments. Sildenafil was orally administered pre‐operatively in the morning of the procedure or within 24 hours after the TCPC operation to the sildenafil group (n = 48), which was compared to a control group (n = 60). Fourteen patients were excluded from the study.ResultsThe primary outcome measure was the time from the operation to the removal of the drains. The study groups had similar demographics. The median [interquartile range] time for the removal of drains (sildenafil group 11 [8‐19] vs control group 11 [7‐16] d, P = .532) was comparable between the groups. The median [interquartile range] fluid balance on the first post‐operative day was significantly higher (P = .001) in the sildenafil group compared with controls (47 [12‐103] vs 7 [−6‐67] mL kg−1). The first post‐operative day fluid balance was a significant predictor for a prolonged need for drains in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsSildenafil administration, pre‐operatively or within 24 hours after the TCPC operation, did not reduce the required time for pleural and peritoneal drains but was associated with a significantly higher positive fluid balance.
Does indocyanine green improve the evaluation of perfusion during laparoscopic colorectal surgery with extracorporeal anastomosis?
Authors: Buxey Kenneth , Lam Francis , Muhlmann Mark , Wong Shing 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThere has been recent interest in indocyanine green (ICG) to assess anastomotic perfusion in colorectal surgery. We describe our experience using ICG when performing laparoscopic segmental colorectal resections with extracorporeal anastomotic technique and a highly standardized approach for clinically assessing blood flow.MethodsWe recruited 20 consecutive patients to undergo segmental laparoscopic resection and determined an appropriate point to transect mesentery proximally confirming pulsatile arterial flow at this level. Once confirmed, we did a further perfusion study using ICG to ascertain if this would change intraoperative decision‐making.ResultsTwenty segmental colonic resections were assessed in nine female and 11 male patients aged 26–91 years. ICG administration was safe with no adverse outcomes documented. ICG demonstrated anastomotic perfusion in all cases. We observed no cases wherewith pulsatile blood flow at the cut edge of the mesentery, ICG showed inadequate perfusion at this level. We did find in 25% of cases ICG showed perfusion beyond the cut edge of the mesentery to a distance of up to 2.5 cm.ConclusionICG perfusion is safe and straightforward to carry out. However, when pulsatile arterial bleeding is demonstrated clinically it does not add anything to assessment of perfusion in our study. Furthermore, in 25% of cases perfusion can be demonstrated beyond the cut edge of the mesentery up to a distance of 2.5 cm. This raises the possibility that an organ well perfused with ICG may have less than ideal blood flow when assessing for this with a view to constructing an anastomosis.
Genetic parameter estimation for number born alive at different parities in Landrace and Large White pigs
Authors: Ogawa Shinichiro , Konta Ayane , Kimata Makoto , Ishii Kazuo , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Satoh Masahiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe estimated genetic parameters for number born alive (NBA) from the first to the seventh parities in Landrace and Large White pigs using three models. Analyzing 55,160 farrowing records for 12,677 Landrace dams and 43,839 for 10,405 Large White dams, we used a single‐trait animal model to estimate the heritability of NBA at each parity and a two‐trait animal model and a single‐trait random regression model to estimate the genetic correlations between parities. Heritability estimates of NBA at each parity ranged from 0.08 to 0.13 for Landrace and from 0.05 to 0.16 for Large White. Estimated genetic correlations between parities in all cases were positive. Genetic correlations between the first and second parities were slightly lower than those between other neighboring parities. Genetic correlations between more distant parities tended to be lower, in some cases <0.8. The results indicate the necessity to investigate the applicability of evaluating NBA at different parities as different traits (e.g., the first and later parities), although a repeatability model might still be reasonable.
A phase I pharmacokinetic study of belinostat in patients with advanced cancers and varying degrees of liver dysfunction
Authors: Takebe Naoko , Beumer Jan H. , Kummar Shivaani , Kiesel Brian F. , Dowlati Afshin , O'Sullivan Coyne Geraldine , Piekarz Richard , Rubinstein Lawrence , Fogli Laura K. , Vaishampayan Ulka , Goel Sanjay , O'Bryant Cindy L. , El‐Rayes Bassel F. , Chung Vincent , Lenz Heinz‐Josef , Kim Richard , Belani Chandra P. , Tuscano Joseph M. , Schelman William , Moore Nancy , Doroshow James H. , Chen Alice P. 
Published: July 2019

AimsThe histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat has activity in various cancers. Because belinostat is metabolized by the liver, reduced hepatic clearance could lead to excessive drug accumulation and increased toxicity. Safety data in patients with liver dysfunction are needed for this drug to reach its full potential in the clinic.MethodsWe performed a phase 1 trial to determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics of belinostat in patients with advanced cancer and varying degrees of liver dysfunction.ResultsSeventy‐two patients were enrolled and divided into cohorts based on liver function. In patients with mild dysfunction, the MTD was the same as the recommended phase 2 dose (1000 mg/m2/day). Belinostat was well tolerated in patients with moderate and severe liver dysfunction, although the trial was closed before the MTD in these cohorts could be determined. The mean clearance of belinostat was 661 mL/min/m2 in patients with normal liver function, compared to 542, 505 and 444 mL/min/m2 in patients with mild, moderate and severe hepatic dysfunction. Although this trial was not designed to assess clinical activity, of the 47 patients evaluable for response, 13 patients (28%) experienced stable disease.ConclusionWhile a statistically significant difference in clearance indicates increased belinostat exposure with worsening liver function, no relationship was observed between belinostat exposure and toxicity. An assessment of belinostat metabolites revealed significant differences in metabolic pathway capability in patients with differing levels of liver dysfunction. Further studies are needed to establish formal dosing guidelines in this patient population.
On how risk and group size interact to influence vigilance
Authors: Beauchamp Guy 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTVigilance allows animals to monitor their surroundings for signs of danger associated with predators or rivals. As vigilance is costly, models predict that it should increase when the risk posed by predators or rivals increases. In addition, vigilance is expected to decrease in larger groups that provide more safety against predators. Risk and group size are thus two key determinants of vigilance. Together, they could have additive or interactive effects. If risk and group size interacted, the magnitude of the group‐size effect on vigilance would vary depending on the level of risk experienced, implying that the benefits of sociality in terms of vigilance vary with risk. Depending on the model, vigilance is predicted to decrease more rapidly with group size at low risk or at high risk. Little work has focused directly on the interaction between risk and group size, making it difficult to understand under which conditions particular interactive effects arise and whether interactive effects are common in natural systems. I review the vast literature on vigilance in birds and mammals to assess whether interactive effects between risk and group size are common, and if present, which pattern occurs more frequently. In studies involving predation risk, the greatest proportion reported no statistically significant interactive effects. In other cases, vigilance decreased with group size more rapidly at low or high risk in a similar proportion of studies. In studies involving risk posed by rivals (social risk), most documented a more rapid decrease in vigilance with group size at low than at high risk, as predicted if the need to monitor rivals increases in larger groups. Low statistical power to detect interactive effects might have been an issue in several studies. The absence of interactive effects, on the other hand, might suggest constraints or limits on the ability of animals to adjust vigilance to current risk or group sizes. Interactive effects on vigilance have implications for the evolution of sociality and for our understanding of the phenotypic plasticity of predator‐ and competitor‐induced defences and deserve more attention in future studies.
Receptive language skills among young children in rural Guatemala: The relationship between the Test de Vocabulario en Imagenes Peabody and a translated and adapted version of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning
Authors: Connery Amy K. , Colbert Alison M. , Lamb Molly M. , Hernández Sara , Martínez María Alejandra , Bauer Desirée , Arroyave Paola , El Sahly Hana M. , Paniagua‐Avila Alejandra , Calvimontes Mirella , Bolaños Guillermo Antoñio , Olson Daniel , Asturias Edwin J. , Munoz Flor M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren in low‐ and lower middle income countries (LMICs) often have poorer language skills compared with children from high‐income countries. Limited availability of culturally and linguistically appropriate assessment measures in LMICs, especially for young children, can hinder early identification and prevention efforts. Here, we describe receptive language (RL) skills among young children in rural Guatemala and report on the validity of a translated and culturally adapted developmental measure of RL.MethodsChildren (n = 157; m = 53.6 months, range = 42–68 months) enrolled in a prospective cohort study of postnatally acquired Zika virus infection were administered the Test de Vocabulario en Imagenes Peabody (TVIP) and the RL scale from a translated and adapted version of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). Performance on the TVIP was compared with the Latin American normative sample. Correlational analysis examined the relationship between performance on the TVIP and the MSEL‐RL.ResultsMean scores were significantly below the normative sample mean on the TVIP, t(126) = −11.04, p < .001; d = 1.00. Performance on the TVIP among children who passed the practice items (n = 127) was significantly positively associated with performance on the MSEL‐RL (r = .50, p < .001), but not significantly associated with age or gender. Older age (p < .0001) and female gender (p = .018) were associated with passing the TVIP practice items.ConclusionsDelays in RL vocabulary were identified among young children in rural Guatemala on the TVIP. The association between scores on the TVIP and the RL scale of the MSEL provides preliminary support for the construct validity of this translated and adapted version of the MSEL.
Cdc2‐like kinase 2 (Clk2) promotes early neural development in Xenopus embryos
Authors: Virgirinia Regina Putri , Jahan Nusrat , Okada Maya , Takebayashi‐Suzuki Kimiko , Yoshida Hitoshi , Nakamura Makoto , Akao Hajime , Yoshimoto Yuta , Fatchiyah Fatchiyah , Ueno Naoto , Suzuki Atsushi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeural induction and patterning in vertebrates are regulated during early development by several morphogens, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Ventral ectoderm differentiates into epidermis in response to BMPs, whereas BMP signaling is tightly inhibited in the dorsal ectoderm which develops into neural tissues. Here, we show that Cdc2‐like kinase 2 (Clk2) promotes early neural development and inhibits epidermis differentiation in Xenopus embryos. clk2 is specifically expressed in neural tissues along the anterior‐posterior axis during early Xenopus embryogenesis. When overexpressed in ectodermal explants, Clk2 induces the expression of both anterior and posterior neural marker genes. In agreement with this observation, overexpression of Clk2 in whole embryos expands the neural plate at the expense of epidermal ectoderm. Interestingly, the neural‐inducing activity of Clk2 is increased following BMP inhibition and activation of the FGF signaling pathway in ectodermal explants. Clk2 also downregulates the level of p‐Smad1/5/8 in cooperation with BMP inhibition, in addition to increasing the level of activated MAPK together with FGF. These results suggest that Clk2 plays a role in early neural development of Xenopus possibly via modulation of morphogen signals such as the BMP and FGF pathways.
Impact of severe hypoglycaemia on psychological outcomes in adults with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Hendrieckx C. , Ivory N. , Singh H. , Frier B. M. , Speight J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimHypoglycaemia affects many people with Type 2 diabetes using insulin and other glucose‐lowering therapies. This systematic review examined the impact of severe hypoglycaemia (episodes requiring external assistance) on psychological outcomes (e.g. emotional well‐being, health status and quality of life) in adults with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsMEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were searched for peer‐reviewed empirical studies, published in English, reporting the occurrence and severity of hypoglycaemia and its relationship with patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Data were extracted from published reports and analysed.ResultsOf 3756 potentially relevant abstracts, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most reported cross‐sectional data and sample sizes varied widely (N = 71 to 17 563). Although definitions of mild and severe hypoglycaemia were largely consistent between studies, additional non‐standard categorizations (e.g. moderate, very severe) were apparent and recall periods varied. Overall, severe hypoglycaemia was associated with increased fear of hypoglycaemia and decreased emotional well‐being, health status and diabetes‐specific quality of life. Effect sizes show that the association with fear of hypoglycaemia was stronger than with general health status.ConclusionsNotwithstanding the limitations of the empirical studies, these findings indicate that severe hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 2 diabetes (insulin‐ and non‐insulin‐treated) is associated with impaired psychological outcomes. Healthcare professionals should address the psychological impact of severe hypoglycaemia during clinical consultations, to support individuals to minimize exposure to, and the psychological consequences of, severe hypoglycaemia.
The “Reggio Emilia At‐Risk Mental States” program: A diffused, “liquid” model of early intervention in psychosis implemented in an Italian Department of Mental Health
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Azzali Silvia , Paterlini Federica , Garlassi Sara , Scazza Ilaria , Chiri Luigi R. , Poletti Michele , Pupo Simona , Raballo Andrea 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimFrom September 2012, the Reggio Emilia Department of Mental Health developed a specific program (the “Reggio Emilia At‐Risk Mental States” [ReARMS] protocol) as a diffused, “liquid” infrastructure for early intervention in psychosis. Aims of the current study are (a) to describe the ReARMS macroscopic organization and (b) to examine specific process indicators during the first 5 years of clinical activity.MethodsAll participants (n = 300) were young help‐seekers, aged 13 to 35 years, who completed the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS).ResultsAt baseline, 95 (31.7%) participants did not meet CAARMS‐defined criteria, while 205 (68.3%) were offered a dedicated protocol of care: 154 (75.1%) of them were enrolled in the program, 19 (9.3%) refused and 32 (15.6%) dropped out during the first year of treatment. Individuals enrolled in the ReARMS protocol were mainly referred by general practitioners (33.3%), emergency room/general hospital (24%) or they were self‐referred (15%). In comparison with ultra‐high risk individuals, patients with first episode psychosis showed significantly higher mean age at entry and preponderance of males, as well as higher percentages of history of substance abuse and previous hospitalization.ConclusionsAn early intervention in psychosis service in Italian child/adolescent and adult mental health services are feasible and clinically relevant, also in adolescents, who have a high risk of falling through the child‐adult service gap as they cross the transition boundary between services.
Copepod nauplii use phosphorus from bacteria, creating a short circuit in the microbial loop
Authors: Faithfull Carolyn , Goetze Erica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn subtropical oceans phytoplankton carbon: phosphorus (C : P) ratios are high, and these ratios are predicted to increase further with rising ocean temperatures and stratification. Prey stoichiometry may pose a problem for copepod zooplankton nauplii, which have high phosphorus demands due to rapid growth. We hypothesised that nauplii meet this demand by consuming bacteria. Naupliar bacterial and phytoplankton carbon and phosphorus ingestion, assimilation and incorporation were traced using 33P and 14C radioisotopes. Bacterial carbon was incorporated four times less efficiently into biomass than phytoplankton carbon. In contrast, bacterial and phytoplankton phosphorus were incorporated at similar efficiencies, and bacteria could meet a substantial amount of naupliar phosphorus requirements. As parts of the ocean become more oligotrophic, bacteria could help sustain naupliar growth and survival under suboptimal stoichiometric conditions. Thus, nauplii may be a shortcut for phosphorus from the microbial loop to the classical food web.
Infestation of the non‐photosynthetic plant Mitrastemon yamamotoi (Ericales: Mitrastemonaceae) by Assara balanophorae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Yoshiyasu Yutaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough the majority of Assara (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae feed on pinaceous cones, Assara balanophorae Sasaki & Tanaka is known to infest the infructescence of the holoparasitic plant Balanophora tobiracola Makino (Santalales: Balanophoraceae). Here, we report additional feeding ecology of A. balanophorae. We found that A. balanophorae larvae bored into the infructescence of the holoparasitic plant Mitrastemon yamamotoi Makino (Ericales: Mitrastemonaceae), pushing frass to the outside from small holes, and occasionally exited from the holes and consumed the scale leaves. Although Mitrastemon is distantly related to Balanophora at the order level, both plants could present a similar resource for A. balanophorae, due to their convergent holoparasitic characteristics. Given that A. balanophorae is considered as the brood‐site pollinator of Balanophora, rather than only parasitizing it, the morphological and ecological similarities between M. yamamotoi and Balanophora might suggest that the relationship between M. yamamotoi and A. balanophorae is also brood‐site pollination mutualism.
Quantitative evaluation of age‐related changes to pelvic floor muscles in magnetic resonance images from 369 patients
Authors: Komemushi Yoshimitsu , Komemushi Atsushi , Morimoto Kazuya , Yoneda Yukio , Yoshimura Rikio , Tanaka Tomoaki , Katou Takeharu , Nakatani Tatsuya 
Published: July 2019

AimThis study aimed to establish and validate a quantitative evaluation method for pelvic floor muscles using magnetic resonance images (MRI) and to examine the morphological change of pelvic floor muscles with aging.MethodsData from 369 consecutive patients (163 men, 206 women; median age 58 years; range 17–92 years) who underwent coronal T2‐weighted pelvic MRI at Osaka General Hospital between January 2016 and December 2016 were retrospectively examined. MRI of the levator ani muscle was evaluated. The MRI image blinded the patient information and was evaluated by a radiology specialist with 22 years of experience. In coronal T2‐weighted MRI of the pelvis, the levator ani muscle was evaluated using the slice; it showed the most upward and downward convexity. We measured the thickness of the levator ani muscle, and the distance at the most convex part from a straight line connecting the origin and insertion of the levator ani muscle on both the left and right sides. Upward and downward convexity was recorded in positive and negative values, respectively.ResultsThe levator ani muscle was able to be evaluated quantitatively in all cases. Both men and women showed thinning (men: mean 3.316 mm, r = −0.388, P < 0.0001; women: mean 3.947 mm, r = −0.359, P < 0.0001) and concavity (men: mean 1.412 mm, r = −0.362, P < 0.0001; women: mean 4.979 mm, r = −0.630, P < 0.0001) of the levator ani muscle with aging.ConclusionsA quantitative evaluation method for pelvic floor muscles using MRI was established. Aging was associated with morphological changes in the pelvic floor muscles in both men and women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 834–837.