bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transferability of lipid loci across African, Asian and European cohorts
Authors: Kuchenbaecker Karoline , Telkar Nikita , Reiker Theresa , Walters Robin G. , Lin Kuang , Eriksson Anders , Gurdasani Deepti , Gilly Arthur , Southam Lorraine , Tsafantakis Emmanouil , Karaleftheri Maria , Seeley Janet , Kamali Anatoli , Asiki Gershim , Millwood Iona Y. , Holmes Michael , Du Huaidong , Guo Yu , Kumari Meena , Dedoussis George , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming , Sandhu Manjinder S. , Zeggini Eleftheria ,   Understanding Society Scientific Group, Benzeval Michaela , Burton Jonathan , Buck Nicholas , Jäckle Annette , Laurie Heather , Lynn Peter , Pudney Stephen , Rabe Birgitta , Wolke Dieter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMost genome-wide association studies are based on samples of European descent. We assess whether the genetic determinants of blood lipids, a major cardiovascular risk factor, are shared across populations. Genetic correlations for lipids between European-ancestry and Asian cohorts are not significantly different from 1. A genetic risk score based on LDL-cholesterol-associated loci has consistent effects on serum levels in samples from the UK, Uganda and Greece (r = 0.23–0.28, p < 1.9 × 10−14). Overall, there is evidence of reproducibility for ~75% of the major lipid loci from European discovery studies, except triglyceride loci in the Ugandan samples (10% of loci). Individual transferable loci are identified using trans-ethnic colocalization. Ten of fourteen loci not transferable to the Ugandan population have pleiotropic associations with BMI in Europeans; none of the transferable loci do. The non-transferable loci might affect lipids by modifying food intake in environments rich in certain nutrients, which suggests a potential role for gene-environment interactions.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vocal fold mucosa mimics development and responses to smoke exposure
Authors: Lungova Vlasta , Chen Xia , Wang Ziyue , Kendziorski Christina , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDevelopment of treatments for vocal dysphonia has been inhibited by lack of human vocal fold (VF) mucosa models because of difficulty in procuring VF epithelial cells, epithelial cells’ limited proliferative capacity and absence of cell lines. Here we report development of engineered VF mucosae from hiPSC, transfected via TALEN constructs for green fluorescent protein, that mimic development of VF epithelial cells in utero. Modulation of FGF signaling achieves stratified squamous epithelium from definitive and anterior foregut derived cultures. Robust culturing of these cells on collagen-fibroblast constructs produces three-dimensional models comparable to in vivo VF mucosa. Furthermore, we demonstrate mucosal inflammation upon exposure of these constructs to 5% cigarette smoke extract. Upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in epithelium and fibroblasts leads to aberrant VF mucosa remodeling. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hiPSC-derived VF mucosa is a versatile tool for future investigation of genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying epithelium-fibroblasts interactions in health and disease.
Thermo-responsive triple-function nanotransporter for efficient chemo-photothermal therapy of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection
Authors: Qing Guangchao , Zhao Xianxian , Gong Ningqiang , Chen Jing , Li Xianlei , Gan Yaling , Wang Yongchao , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yuxuan , Guo Weisheng , Luo Yang , Liang Xing-Jie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNew strategies with high antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria are urgently desired. Herein, we describe a smart triple-functional nanostructure, namely TRIDENT (Thermo-Responsive-Inspired Drug-Delivery Nano-Transporter), for reliable bacterial eradication. The robust antibacterial effectiveness is attributed to the integrated fluorescence monitoring and synergistic chemo-photothermal killing. We notice that temperature rises generated by near-infrared irradiation did not only melt the nanotransporter via a phase change mechanism, but also irreversibly damaged bacterial membranes to facilitate imipenem permeation, thus interfering with cell wall biosynthesis and eventually leading to rapid bacterial death. Both in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrate that even low doses of imipenem-encapsulated TRIDENT could eradicate clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, whereas imipenem alone had limited effect. Due to rapid recovery of infected sites and good biosafety we envision a universal antimicrobial platform to fight against multidrug-resistant or extremely drug-resistant bacteria.
The Simon Effect Based on Allocentric and Egocentric Reference Frame: Common and Specific Neural Correlates
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Nan , Li You , Weidner Ralph , Fink Gereon R. , Chen Qi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn object’s location can be represented either relative to an observer’s body effectors (egocentric reference frame) or relative to another external object (allocentric reference frame). In non-spatial tasks, an object’s task-irrelevant egocentric position conflicts with the side of a task-relevant manual response, which defines the classical Simon effect. Growing evidence suggests that the Simon effect occurs not only based on conflicting positions within the egocentric but also within the allocentric reference frame. Although neural mechanisms underlying the egocentric Simon effect have been extensively researched, neural mechanisms underlying the allocentric Simon effect and their potential interaction with those underlying its egocentric variant remain to be explored. In this fMRI study, spatial congruency between the task-irrelevant egocentric and allocentric target positions and the task-relevant response hand was orthogonally manipulated. Behaviorally, a significant Simon effect was observed for both reference frames. Neurally, three sub-regions in the frontoparietal network were involved in different aspects of the Simon effect, depending on the source of the task-irrelevant object locations. The right precentral gyrus, extending to the right SMA, was generally activated by Simon conflicts, irrespective of the spatial reference frame involved, and showed no additive activity to Simon conflicts. In contrast, the right postcentral gyrus was specifically involved in Simon conflicts induced by task-irrelevant allocentric, rather than egocentric, representations. Furthermore, a right lateral frontoparietal network showed increased neural activity whenever the egocentric and allocentric target locations were incongruent, indicating its functional role as a mismatch detector that monitors the discrepancy concerning allocentric and egocentric object locations.
Role of mitochondria in rescuing glycolytically inhibited subpopulation of triple negative but not hormone-responsive breast cancer cells
Authors: Reda Asmaa , Refaat Alaa , Abd-Rabou Ahmed A. , Mahmoud Ali Mokhtar , Adel Mohamed , Sabet Salwa , Ali Sameh Saad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is among the most aggressive cancers with the worst prognosis and least therapeutic targetability while being more likely to spread and recur. Cancer transformations profoundly alter cellular metabolism by increasing glucose consumption via glycolysis to support tumorigenesis. Here we confirm that relative to ER-positive cells (MCF7), TNBC cells (MBA-MD-231) rely more on glycolysis thus providing a rationale to target these cells with glycolytic inhibitors. Indeed, iodoacetate (IA), an effective GAPDH inhibitor, caused about 70% drop in MDA-MB-231 cell viability at 20 μM while 40 μM IA was needed to decrease MCF7 cell viability only by 30% within 4 hours of treatment. However, the triple negative cells showed strong ability to recover after 24 h whereas MCF7 cells were completely eliminated at concentrations <10 μM. To understand the mechanism of MDA-MB-231 cell survival, we studied metabolic modulations associated with acute and extended treatment with IA. The resilient TNBC cell population showed a significantly greater count of cells with active mitochondria, lower apoptotic markers, normal cell cycle regulations, moderately lowered ROS, but increased mRNA levels of p27 and PARP1; all compatible with enhanced cell survival. Our results highlight an interplay between PARP and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in TNBC that comes into play in response to glycolytic disruption. In the light of these findings, we suggest that combined treatment with PARP and mitochondrial inhibitors may provide novel therapeutic strategy against TNBC.
The diagnostic role of the β-hCG discriminatory zone combined with the endometrial pattern for ectopic pregnancy in Chinese women
Authors: Lu Qi , Wang Yiwei , Sun Xiao , Li Yuhong , Wang Jing , Zhou Yun , Wang Yudong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have regarded the discriminatory serum β-hCG zone (DSZ) as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (EP). However, the wide range of the DSZ makes achieving a clinical diagnosis of EP difficult, and these reports do not indicate whether the DSZ is suitable for an EP diagnosis in Chinese women. Several studies have indicated that the endometrial pattern in patients with EPs is different from that in patients with intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs). The aims of this study were to define the DSZ cutoff value for Chinese women, test whether the endometrial pattern is a suitable predictor for EP, and assess the diagnostic value of these indicators. We enrolled participants with IUPs or EPs with abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding, and serum β-hCG level measurements and transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) were performed to assess the diagnostic value of the indicators for EP. The sensitivity and specificity for identifying an EP were improved by combining the DSZ, endometrial thickness and trilaminar pattern indexes. The results of this study might be helpful toward providing further options for the diagnosis of EP, especially for patients without hemoperitoneum or colporrhagia.
Metal-organic framework-derived metal oxide nanoparticles@reduced graphene oxide composites as cathode materials for rechargeable aluminium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Kaiqiang , Lee Tae Hyung , Cha Joo Hwan , Jang Ho Won , Choi Ji-Won , Mahmoudi Morteza , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe use of metal oxides as electrode materials has seen great success in lithium-ion batteries. However, this type of electrode materials has been regarded as an improper option for rechargeable aluminium-ion batteries (AIBs) in comparison with sulfides and selenides, and has, thus, been nearly abandoned. Here, we demonstrate the suitability of metal oxides as cathode materials of AIBs, exhibiting high electrochemical activities toward Al-ion storage. We designed economical metal-oxide cathodes (Co3O4@reduced graphene oxide (rGO), Fe2O3@rGO, and CoFe2O4@rGO) for AIBs. The Co3O4@rGO displayed superior electrochemical properties, regarding both capacity and lifespan, to the current state-of-the-art cathode material reported by scientific literature. Furthermore, the CoFe2O4@rGO exhibits rational electrochemical capacities and an extremely stable charge/discharge process with an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%. The proposed study expects to stimulate researchers to focus on the overlooked metal oxides as competitive cathode materials for high performance AIBs.
Impacts of environmental complexity on respiratory and gut microbiome community structure and diversity in growing pigs
Authors: Megahed Ameer , Zeineldin Mohamed , Evans Kaleigh , Maradiaga Nidia , Blair Ben , Aldridge Brian , Lowe James 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe limited understanding of the interaction between rearing environment of the growing pig and the pig’s microbial community impedes efforts to identify the optimal housing system to maximize animal health and production. Accordingly, we characterized the impact of housing complexity on shaping the respiratory and gut microbiota of growing pig. A total of 175 weaned pigs from 25 litters were randomly assigned within liter to either simple slatted-floor (S) or complex straw-based rearing ecosystem (C). Beside the floor swabs samples, fecal swabs and mucosal scraping samples from bronchus, ileum, and colon were collected approximately 164 days post-weaning at the time of slaughter. The S ecosystem seems to increase the α-diversity of respiratory and gut microbiota. Moreover, the C-raised pigs showed 35.4, 89.2, and 60.0% reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio than the S-raised pigs at bronchus, ileum, and colon, respectively. The unfavorable taxa Psychrobacter, Corynebacterium, Actinobacteria, and Neisseria were the signature taxa of C environment-associated microbial community. Therefore, the microbiota of S-raised pigs seems to show higher density of the most essential and beneficial taxa than the C-raised pigs. We preliminarily conclude that increasing the physical complexity of rearing environment seems to provide suboptimal conditions for establishing a healthy microbial community in the growing pigs.
Functional metagenomic analysis of dust-associated microbiomes above the Red Sea
Authors: Aalismail Nojood A. , Ngugi David K. , Díaz-Rúa Rubén , Alam Intikhab , Cusack Michael , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAtmospheric transport is a major vector for the long-range transport of microbial communities, maintaining connectivity among them and delivering functionally important microbes, such as pathogens. Though the taxonomic diversity of aeolian microorganisms is well characterized, the genomic functional traits underpinning their survival during atmospheric transport are poorly characterized. Here we use functional metagenomics of dust samples collected on the Global Dust Belt to initiate a Gene Catalogue of Aeolian Microbiome (GCAM) and explore microbial genetic traits enabling a successful aeolian lifestyle in Aeolian microbial communities. The GCAM reported here, derived from ten aeolian microbial metagenomes, includes a total of 2,370,956 non-redundant coding DNA sequences, corresponding to a yield of ~31 × 106 predicted genes per Tera base-pair of DNA sequenced for the aeolian samples sequenced. Two-thirds of the cataloged genes were assigned to bacteria, followed by eukaryotes (5.4%), archaea (1.1%), and viruses (0.69%). Genes encoding proteins involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage and aerosolization of cells were ubiquitous across samples, and appear as fundamental requirements for the aeolian lifestyle, while genes coding for other important functions supporting the aeolian lifestyle (chemotaxis, aerotaxis, germination, thermal resistance, sporulation, and biofilm formation) varied among the communities sampled.
Studies on the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of the synthetic opioids U-51754, U-47931E, and methoxyacetylfentanyl using hyphenated high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Nordmeier Frederike , Richter Lilian H. J. , Schmidt Peter H. , Schaefer Nadine , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNew Synthetic Opioids (NSOs) are one class of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) enjoying increasing popularity in Europe. Data on their toxicological or metabolic properties have not yet been published for most of them. In this context, the metabolic fate of three NSOs, namely, trans-3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methyl-benzenacetamide (U-51754), trans-4-bromo-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methyl-benzamide (U-47931E), and 2-methoxy-N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl] acetamide (methoxyacetylfentanyl), was elucidated by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry after pooled human S9 fraction (phS9) incubations and in rat urine after oral administration. The following major reactions were observed: demethylation of the amine moiety for U-51754 and U-47931E, N-hydroxylation of the hexyl ring, and combinations thereof. N-dealkylation, O-demethylation, and hydroxylation at the alkyl part for methoxyacetylfentanyl. Except for U-47931E, parent compounds could only be found in trace amounts in rat urine. Therefore, urinary markers should preferably be metabolites, namely, the N-demethyl-hydroxy and the hydroxy metabolite for U-51754, the N-demethylated metabolite for U-47931E, and the N-dealkylated metabolite as well as the O-demethylated one for methoxyacetylfentanyl. In general, metabolite formation was comparable in vitro and in vivo, but fewer metabolites, particularly those after multiple reaction steps and phase II conjugates, were found in phS9. These results were consistent with those of comparable compounds obtained from human liver microsomes, human hepatocytes, and/or human case studies.
Bayesian Multiple Emitter Fitting using Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo
Authors: Fazel Mohamadreza , Wester Michael J. , Mazloom-Farsibaf Hanieh , Meddens Marjolein B. M. , Eklund Alexandra S. , Schlichthaerle Thomas , Schueder Florian , Jungmann Ralf , Lidke Keith A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn single molecule localization-based super-resolution imaging, high labeling density or the desire for greater data collection speed can lead to clusters of overlapping emitter images in the raw super-resolution image data. We describe a Bayesian inference approach to multiple-emitter fitting that uses Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo to identify and localize the emitters in dense regions of data. This formalism can take advantage of any prior information, such as emitter intensity and density. The output is both a posterior probability distribution of emitter locations that includes uncertainty in the number of emitters and the background structure, and a set of coordinates and uncertainties from the most probable model.
Perceptual and conceptual processing of visual objects across the adult lifespan
Authors: Bruffaerts Rose , Tyler Lorraine K. , Shafto Meredith , Tsvetanov Kamen A. ,   Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience, Brayne Carol , Bullmore Edward T. , Calder Andrew C. , Cusack Rhodri , Dalgleish Tim , Duncan John , Henson Richard N. , Matthews Fiona E. , Marslen-Wilson William D. , Rowe James B. , Campbell Karen , Cheung Teresa , Davis Simon , Geerligs Linda , Kievit Rogier , McCarrey Anna , Mustafa Abdur , Price Darren , Samu David , Taylor Jason R. , Treder Matthias , van Belle Janna , Williams Nitin , Bates Lauren , Emery Tina , Erzinçlioglu Sharon , Gadie Andrew , Gerbase Sofia , Georgieva Stanimira , Hanley Claire , Parkin Beth , Troy David , Auer Tibor , Correia Marta , Gao Lu , Green Emma , Henriques Rafael , Allen Jodie , Amery Gillian , Amunts Liana , Barcroft Anne , Castle Amanda , Dias Cheryl , Dowrick Jonathan , Fair Melissa , Fisher Hayley , Goulding Anna , Grewal Adarsh , Hale Geoff , Hilton Andrew , Johnson Frances , Johnston Patricia , Kavanagh-Williamson Thea , Kwasniewska Magdalena , McMinn Alison , Norman Kim , Penrose Jessica , Roby Fiona , Rowland Diane , Sargeant John , Squire Maggie , Stevens Beth , Stoddart Aldabra , Stone Cheryl , Thompson Tracy , Yazlik Ozlem , Barnes Dan , Dixon Marie , Hillman Jaya , Mitchell Joanne , Villis Laura , Clarke Alex 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMaking sense of the external world is vital for multiple domains of cognition, and so it is crucial that object recognition is maintained across the lifespan. We investigated age differences in perceptual and conceptual processing of visual objects in a population-derived sample of 85 healthy adults (24–87 years old) by relating measures of object processing to cognition across the lifespan. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded during a picture naming task to provide a direct measure of neural activity, that is not confounded by age-related vascular changes. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate neural responsivity for each individual, namely the capacity to represent visual or semantic information relating to the pictures. We find that the capacity to represent semantic information is linked to higher naming accuracy, a measure of task-specific performance. In mature adults, the capacity to represent semantic information also correlated with higher levels of fluid intelligence, reflecting domain-general performance. In contrast, the latency of visual processing did not relate to measures of cognition. These results indicate that neural responsivity measures relate to naming accuracy and fluid intelligence. We propose that maintaining neural responsivity in older age confers benefits in task-related and domain-general cognitive processes, supporting the brain maintenance view of healthy cognitive ageing.
Chronic oral exposure to field-realistic pesticide combinations via pollen and nectar: effects on feeding and thermal performance in a solitary bee
Authors: Azpiazu Celeste , Bosch Jordi , Viñuela Elisa , Medrzycki Piotr , Teper Dariusz , Sgolastra Fabio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPesticide use is one of the main causes of pollinator declines in agricultural ecosystems. Traditionally, most laboratory studies on bee ecotoxicology test acute exposure to single compounds. However, under field conditions, bees are often chronically exposed to a variety of chemicals, with potential synergistic effects. We studied the effects of field-realistic concentrations of three pesticides measured in pollen and nectar of commercial melon fields on the solitary beeOsmia bicornisL. We orally exposed females of this species throughout their life span to 8 treatments combining two neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid) and a triazole fungicide (myclobutanil) via pollen and sugar syrup. We measured pollen and syrup consumption, longevity, ovary maturation and thermogenesis. Although bees consumed larger amounts of syrup than pollen, pesticide intake via syrup and pollen were similar. At the tested concentrations, no synergistic effects emerged, and we found no effects on longevity and ovary maturation. However, all treatments containing imidacloprid resulted in suppressed syrup consumption and drastic decreases in thoracic temperature and bee activity. Our results have important implications for pesticide regulation. If we had measured only lethal effects we would have wrongly concluded that the pesticide combinations containing imidacloprid were safe toO. bicornis. The incorporation of tests specifically intended to detect sublethal effects in bee risk assessment schemes should be an urgent priority. In this way, the effects of pesticide exposure on the dynamics of bee populations in agroecosystems will be better assessed.
Conversion of no/low value waste frying oils into biodiesel and polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Vastano Marco , Corrado Iolanda , Sannia Giovanni , Solaiman Daniel K. Y. , Pezzella Cinzia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA sustainable bioprocess was developed for the valorization of a no/low value substrate, i.e. waste frying oils (WFOs) with high content of free fatty acids (FFAs), otherwise unsuitable for biodiesel production. The bioprocess was verified using both recombinant (Escherichia coli) and native (Pseudomonas resinovorans) polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) producing cell factories. Microbial fermentation of WFOs provided a 2-fold advantage: i) the reduction of FFAs content resulting into an upgrading of the “exhausted waste oils” and ii) the production of a bio-based microbial polymer. Proper strain designing and process optimization allowed to achieve up to 1.5 g L−1 of medium chain length, mcl-PHAs, together with an efficient conversion (80% yield) of the treated WFO into biodiesel.