bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Census of Millisecond Pulsars in the Galactic Field
Authors: Lee Jongsu , Hui C. Y. , Takata J. , Kong A. K. H. , Tam P. H. T. , Cheng K. S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We have conducted a systematic survey for the X-ray properties of millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Currently, there are 47 MSPs with confirmed X-ray detections. We have also placed the upper limits for the X-ray emission from the other 36 MSPs by using the archival data. We have normalized their X-ray luminosities L

x
and their effective photon indices Γ into a homogeneous data set, which enables us to carry out a detailed statistical analysis. Based on our censored sample, we report a relation of

L

x

≃

10

31.05

(

E

˙

/

10

35

)

1.31

erg s−1 (2–10 keV) for the MSPs. The inferred X-ray conversion efficiency is found to be lower than the previously reported estimate that could be affected by selection bias. L

x
also correlates/anti-correlates with the magnetic field strength at the light cylinder B
LC/characteristic age τ. On the other hand, there is no correlation between L

x
and their surface magnetic field strength B

s
. We have further divided the sample into four classes: (i) black-widows, (ii) redbacks, (iii) isolated MSPs, and (iv) other MSP binaries, and compare the properties among them. We noted that while the rotational parameters and the orbital periods of redbacks and black-widows are similar, L

x
of redbacks are significantly higher than those of black-widows in the 2–10 keV band. Also the Γ of redbacks are apparently smaller than those of black-widows, which indicates that the X-ray emission of redbacks are harder than that of black-widows. This can be explained by the different contribution of intrabinary shocks in the X-ray emission of these two classes.
A Simultaneous Search for Prompt Radio Emission Associated with the Short GRB 170112A Using the All-sky Imaging Capability of the OVRO-LWA
Authors: Anderson Marin M. , Hallinan Gregg , Eastwood Michael W. , Monroe Ryan M. , Vedantham Harish K. , Bourke Stephen , Greenhill Lincoln J. , Kocz Jonathon , W. Lazio T. Joseph , Price Danny C. , Schinzel Frank K. , Wang Yuankun , Woody David P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We have conducted the most sensitive low-frequency (below 100 MHz) search to date for prompt, low-frequency radio emission associated with short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Long Wavelength Array (OVRO-LWA). The OVRO-LWA’s nearly full-hemisphere field of view (∼20,000 square degrees) allows us to search for low-frequency (sub-100 MHz) counterparts for a large sample of the subset of GRB events for which prompt radio emission has been predicted. Following the detection of short GRB 170112A by Swift, we used all-sky OVRO-LWA images spanning one hour prior to and two hours following the GRB event to search for a transient source coincident with the position of GRB 170112A. We detect no transient source to within a 3σ flux density limit of 4.5 Jy at 13 s timescales for frequencies spanning 27–84 MHz. We place constraints on a number of models predicting prompt, low-frequency radio emission accompanying short GRBs and their potential binary neutron star merger progenitors, and place an upper limit of L
radio/ L

γ
≲ 3.5 × 10−6 on the fraction of energy released in the prompt radio emission, under the assumptions of negligible scattering of the radio pulse and beaming of emission along the line of sight. These observations serve as a pilot effort for a program targeting a wider sample of both short and long GRBs with the OVRO-LWA, including bursts with confirmed redshift measurements that are critical to placing constraining limits on prompt radio emission models, as well as a program for the follow-up of gravitational wave compact binary coalescence events detected by advanced LIGO and Virgo.
Quiet-Sun and Coronal Hole in Mg II k Line as Observed by IRIS
Authors: Kayshap Pradeep , Tripathi Durgesh , Solanki Sami K. , Peter Hardi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Coronal hole (CH) regions are dark in comparison to the quiet Sun (QS) at coronal temperatures. However, at chromospheric and transition region temperatures, the QS and CHs are hardly distinguishable. In this study, we have used the Mg ii 2796.35 Å spectral line recorded by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrometer (IRIS) to understand the similarities and differences in the QS and CH at chromospheric levels. Our analysis reveals that the emission from Mg ii k3 and k2v that originates in the chromosphere is significantly lower in CH than in QS for the regions with similar magnetic field strength. The wing emissions of Mg ii k that originates from the photospheric layer, however, do not show any difference between QS and CH. The difference in Mg ii k3 intensities between QS and CH increases with increasing magnetic field strength. We further studied the effects of spectral resolution on these differences and found that the difference in the intensities decreases with decreasing spectral resolution. For a resolution of 11 Å, the difference completely disappears. These findings are not only important for mass and energy supply from the chromosphere to the corona but also provides essential ingredients for the modeling of the solar spectral irradiance for the understanding of the Sun–climate relationships.
Nonthermal Emission from Stellar Bow Shocks
Authors: del Valle M. V. , Pohl M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Since the detection of nonthermal radio emission from the bow shock of the massive runaway star BD +43°3654, simple models have predicted high-energy emission, at X-rays and gamma-rays, from these Galactic sources. Observational searches for this emission so far give no conclusive evidence but a few candidates at gamma-rays. In this work we aim at developing a more sophisticated model for the nonthermal emission from massive runaway star bow shocks. The main goal is to establish whether these systems are efficient nonthermal emitters, even if they are not strong enough yet to be detected. For modeling the collision between the stellar wind and the interstellar medium we use 2D hydrodynamic simulations. We then adopt the flow profile of the wind and the ambient medium obtained with the simulation as the plasma state for solving the transport of energetic particles injected in the system, as well as the nonthermal emission they produce. For this purpose we solve a 3D (two spatial + energy) advection-diffusion equation in the test-particle approximation. We find that a massive runaway star with a powerful wind converts 0.16%–0.4% of the power injected in electrons into nonthermal emission, mostly produced by inverse Compton scattering of dust-emitted photons by relativistic electrons, and second by synchrotron radiation. This represents a fraction of ∼10−5 to 10−4 of the wind kinetic power. Given the better sensibility of current instruments at radio wavelengths, these systems are more prone to be detected at radio through the synchrotron emission they produce rather than at gamma energies.
A Search for Pulsars in Steep Spectrum Radio Sources
Authors: Maan Yogesh , Bassa Cees , van Leeuwen Joeri , Krishnakumar M. A. , Joshi Bhal Chandra 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report on a time-domain search for pulsars in 44 steep spectrum radio sources originally identified from recent imaging surveys. The time-domain search was conducted at 327 MHz using the Ooty radio telescope, and utilized a semicoherent dedispersion scheme, retaining the sensitivity even for submillisecond periods up to reasonably high dispersion measures. No new pulsars were found. We discuss the nature of these steep spectrum sources and argue that the majority of the sources in our sample should either be pulsars or a new category of galactic sources. Several possibilities that could hinder detection of these sources as pulsars, including anomalously high scattering or alignment of the rotation and magnetic axes, are discussed in detail, and we suggest unconventional search methods to further probe these possibilities.
A Dense Companion to the Short-period Millisecond Pulsar Binary PSR J0636+5128
Authors: Kaplan D. L. , Stovall K. , Kerkwijk M. H. van , Fremling C. , Istrate A. G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
PSR J0636+5128 is a millisecond pulsar in one of the most compact pulsar binaries known, with a 96 minute orbital period. The pulsar mass function suggests a very low mass companion, similar to that seen in so-called “black widow” binaries. Unlike in most of those, however, no radio eclipses by material driven off from the companion were seen leading to the possibility that the companion was a degenerate remnant of a carbon–oxygen white dwarf. We report the discovery of the optical counterpart of its companion in images taken with the Gemini North and Keck I telescopes. The companion varies between r′ = 25 and r′ = 23 on the 96 minute orbital period of the binary, caused by irradiation from the pulsar’s energetic wind. We modeled the multicolor light curve using parallax constraints from pulsar timing and determine a companion mass of (1.71 ± 0.23) × 10−2
M
⊙, a radius of (7.6 ± 1.4) × 10−2
R
⊙, and a mean density of

, all for an assumed neutron star mass of 1.4 M
⊙. This makes the companion to PSR J0636+5128 one of the densest of the “black widow” systems. Modeling suggests that the composition is not predominantly hydrogen, perhaps due to an origin in an ultracompact X-ray binary.
On the 2018 Outburst of the Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsar Swift J1756.9–2508 As Seen with NICER
Authors: Bult Peter , Altamirano Diego , Arzoumanian Zaven , Chakrabarty Deepto , Gendreau Keith C. , Guillot Sebastien , Ho Wynn C. G. , Jaisawal Gaurava K. , Lentine Steven , Markwardt Craig B. , Ngo Son N. , Pope John S. , Ray Paul. S. , Saylor Maxine R. , Strohmayer Tod E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report on the coherent timing analysis of the 182 Hz accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar Swift J1756.9−2508 during its 2018 outburst as observed with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). Combining our NICER observations with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of the 2007 and 2009 outbursts, we also studied the long-term spin and orbital evolution of this source. We find that the binary system is well described by a constant orbital period model, with an upper limit on the orbital period derivative of

∣

P

˙

b

∣
<
7.4
×

10

−
13

s s−1. Additionally, we improve upon the source coordinates through astrometric analysis of the pulse arrival times, finding R.A. = 17h56m57.ˢ18 ± 0.ˢ08 and decl. = −25°06′27.″8 ± 3.″5, while simultaneously measuring the long-term spin frequency derivative as

ν

˙

=
−
7.3
×

10

−
16

Hz s−1. We briefly discuss the implications of these measurements in the context of the wider population of accreting millisecond pulsars.
Predicting Stellar-mass Black Hole Populations in Globular Clusters
Authors: Weatherford Newlin C. , Chatterjee Sourav , Rodriguez Carl L. , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Recent discoveries of black hole (BH) candidates in Galactic and extragalactic globular clusters (GCs) have ignited interest in understanding how BHs dynamically evolve in a GC and the number of BHs (

N

BH

) that may still be retained by today’s GCs. Numerical models show that even if stellar-mass BHs are retained in today’s GCs, they are typically in configurations that are not directly detectable. We show that a suitably defined measure of mass segregation (Δ) between, e.g., giants and low-mass main-sequence stars, can be an effective probe to indirectly estimate

N

BH

in a GC aided by calibrations from numerical models. Using numerical models, including all relevant physics, we first show that

N

BH

is strongly anticorrelated with Δ between giant stars and low-mass main-sequence stars. We apply the distributions of Δ versus

N

BH

obtained from models to three Milky Way GCs to predict the

N

BH

retained by them at present. We calculate Δ using the publicly available Advanced Camera for Surveys’ survey data for 47 Tuc, M10, and M22, all with identified stellar-mass BH candidates. Using these measured Δ and distributions of Δ versus

N

BH

from models as calibration we predict distributions for

N

BH

expected to be retained in these GCs. For 47 Tuc, M10, and M22 our predicted distributions peak at

N

BH

≈ 20, 24, and 50, whereas, within the 2σ confidence level,

N

BH

can be up to ∼150, 50, and 200, respectively.
Development and Psychometric Testing of the Workplace Civility Index: A Reliable Tool for Measuring Civility in the Workplace
Authors: Clark Cynthia M. , Sattler Victoria P. , Barbosa-Leiker Celestina 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Fostering civility in practice and academic health care settings is a desirable goal for individuals, teams, and organizations and is paramount to safe patient care.

Method:
A convenience sample of 393 nursing faculty and practice-based nurses in the United States participated in a study to test the psychometric properties of the Workplace Civility Index (WCI).

Results:
A factor analysis and other reliability analyses support the use of the WCI as a valid and reliable measurement to measure perceptions of workplace civility acumen.

Conclusion:
The WCI is a 20-item psychometrically sound instrument used to measure perceptions of workplace civility among individuals and groups within work environments. The index may be completed as an individual exercise; however, it is highly recommended that the index be completed with a trusted coworker, colleague, or work group to improve self-awareness, give and receive constructive feedback, and form the basis for continuing strengths and addressing areas for improvement.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(9):400–406.
Operating Room Nurses' Perceptions of the Clinical Learning Environment: A Survey Study
Authors: Crafoord Marie-Therese , Mattsson Janet , Fagerdahl Ann-Mari 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Authors commonly agree that the clinical learning environment significantly affects student learning. Studies of how operating room nurses perceive the clinical learning environment during their specialist studies are sparse.

Method:
This study aimed to examine newly graduated operating room nurses' perceptions of the clinical learning environment during their specialist education. Fifty newly graduated operating room nurses answered a questionnaire gaging their perceptions of clinical education.

Results:
Most participants perceived the clinical learning environment as good and highly associated with the supervisor's ability to supervise, enjoy supervision, and show interest in the participants' degree project. The management at the clinical setting, which was perceived to emphasize the importance of supervision, time allocated especially for supervision, and perceived cooperation between the University and hospital, also had an impact.

Conclusion:
Social interactions and structures within the operating room affect how the clinical learning environment is perceived.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(9):416–423.
Learning Cybercivility: A Qualitative Needs Assessment of Health Professions Students
Authors: De Gagne Jennie C. , Covington Kyle , Conklin Jamie L. , Yamane Sandra S. , Kim Sang Suk 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Literature on cyberincivility in health professions education has mainly focused on intraprofessional communication. This study explored health professions students' experiences with cyberincivility, as well as their perspectives on interprofessional cybercivility learning.

Method:
This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of 25 students in nursing, medicine, physician assistant, or physical therapy programs at a private university in the United States. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurrent patterns in the data.

Results:
Students defined cyberincivility in various ways and shared experiences of uncivil communication in virtual communities. They also expressed great interest in learning cybercivility in the context of interprofessional education. Diverse learning preferences were suggested.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the importance and benefits of establishing interprofessional cybercivility learning programs to improve student interactions in the virtual environment. Future research should explore professional differences and similarities in how learners experience cyberincivility and its influence on their roles as future health care providers.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(9):425–431.
Developing Minority Nursing Students: Evaluation of an Innovative Mentorship and Leadership Program
Authors: Snowden Kenya , Foronda Cynthia , Gonzalez Juan , Ortega Johis , Salani Deborah , de Tantillo Lila , Hooshmand Mary , Peragallo Montano Nena 
Published: August 2018

Background:
There is disparity in the nursing work-force of minority leaders. The aim of this article is to describe and evaluate an innovative program designed to provide mentorship and increase leadership skills of minority nursing students.

Method:
An innovative mentorship program was developed including coordination of financial aid meetings, incorporating technology, enacting an online preimmersion course, choosing and training mentors, hosting a lunch-and-lead leadership series, and using intensive review sessions and tutoring. Program evaluation data were analyzed using mixed methods.

Results:
All 40 participants passed the NCLEX-RN and had obtained employment after the program. Of the 20 respondents, 25% already had obtained a leadership role in nursing. Qualitative data about the program revealed categories of leadership, networking, mentorship, more time, and gratitude.

Conclusion:

This program was successful in promoting retention, graduation, and development of future minority nurse leaders. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(9):526–534.]
Exploring Predictors of NCLEX-RN Success: One School's Search for Excellence
Authors: Havrilla Emily , Zbegner Deborah , Victor Joyce 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The NCLEX-RN pass rate serves as a key indicator of the achievement of a nursing program's academic goals and may be a vital component of state board approval and the accreditation process. To improve on the program's pass rates, a comprehensive mentorship program was instituted. The The Passan School of Nursing at Wilkes University used gaming strategies, content reviews, computerized integrative testing, and learning packages to assist students preparing for the licensure examination.

Method:
A retrospective regression analysis was performed to examine predictors of NCLEX-RN success.

Results:

Pass rates improved each year from a baseline of 79.17% in 2014 to 83.82% in 2015 and 90.14% in 2016. Logistic regression analysis revealed that overall college grade point average (
p
= .001) and a comprehensive examination in the NCLEX-RN format (
p
= .001) were significant predictors of NCLEX-RN success.

Conclusion:

The comprehensive mentoring program has been successful in raising the overall NCLEX-RN pass rate. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(9):554–556.]
miR-143 Regulates Memory T Cell Differentiation by Reprogramming T Cell Metabolism
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Zhang Zhen , Li Feng , Ping Yu , Qin Guohui , Zhang Chaoqi , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
MicroRNAs are an important regulator for T cell immune response. In this study, we aimed to identify microRNAs with the potential to regulate T cell differentiation. The influence of miR-143 on differentiation and function of CD8+ T cells from healthy donors were detected, and it was found that miR-143 overexpression could significantly increase the differentiation of central memory T (Tcm) CD8+ cells, decrease cell apoptosis, and increase proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Furthermore, the specific killing of HER2-CAR T cells against esophageal cancer cell line TE-7 was enhanced by miR-143 overexpression. Glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1) was identified as the critical target gene of miR-143 in the role of T cell regulation. By inhibition Glut-1, miR-143 inhibited glucose uptake and glycolysis in T cell to regulated T cell differentiation. Tcm cell populations were also suppressed in parallel with the downregulation of miR-143 in tumor tissues from 13 patients with esophagus cancer. IDO and its metabolite kynurenine in the tumor microenvironment were screened as an upstream regulator of miR-143. IDO small interfering RNA significantly increased the expression of miR-143 and Tcm cell population. In conclusion, our results show that miR-143 enhanced antitumor effects of T cell by promoting memory T cell differentiation and metabolism reprogramming through Glut-1. Our findings will encourage the development of new strategies targeting miR-143 in both cancer cells and T cells.
Characterization of an NLRP1 Inflammasome from Zebrafish Reveals a Unique Sequential Activation Mechanism Underlying Inflammatory Caspases in Ancient Vertebrates
Authors: Li Jiang-yuan , Gao Ke , Shao Tong , Fan Dong-dong , Hu Chong-bin , Sun Cen-cen , Dong Wei-ren , Lin Ai-fu , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
NLRP1 inflammasome is one of the best-characterized inflammasomes in humans and other mammals. However, the existence of this inflammasome in nonmammalian species remains poorly understood. In this study, we report the molecular and functional identification of an NLRP1 homolog, Danio rerio NLRP1 (DrNLRP1) from a zebrafish (D. rerio) model. This DrNLRP1 possesses similar structural architecture to mammalian NLRP1s. It can trigger the formation of a classical inflammasome for the activation of zebrafish inflammatory caspases (D. rerio Caspase [DrCaspase]–A and DrCaspase-B) and maturation of D. rerio IL-1β in a D. rerio ASC (DrASC)–dependent manner. In this process, DrNLRP1 promotes the aggregation of DrASC into a filament with DrASCCARD core and DrASCPYD cluster. The assembly of DrNLRP1 inflammasome depends on the CARD–CARD homotypic interaction between DrNLRP1 and DrASCCARD core, and PYD–PYD interaction between DrCaspase-A/B and DrASCPYD cluster. The FIIND domain in DrNLRP1 is necessary for inflammasome assembly. To understand the mechanism of how the two DrCaspases are coordinated in DrNLRP1 inflammasome, we propose a two-step sequential activation model. In this model, the recruitment and activation of DrCaspase-A/B in the inflammasome is shown in an alternate manner, with a preference for DrCaspase-A followed by a subsequent selection for DrCaspase-B. By using morpholino oligonucleotide–based knockdown assays, the DrNLRP1 inflammasome was verified to play important functional roles in antibacterial innate immunity in vivo. These observations demonstrate that the NLRP1 inflammasome originated as early as in teleost fish. This finding not only gives insights into the evolutionary history of inflammasomes but also provides a favorable animal model for the study of NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated immunology and diseases.