bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring diagnostic validity of the autism diagnostic observation schedule‐2 in South Korean toddlers and preschoolers
Authors: Lee Kyung Sook , Chung Suk Jin , Thomas Hannah R. , Park Jinah , Kim So Hyun 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to provide the initial validity of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule‐2 (ADOS‐2) Toddler Module and Module 1‐2 for South Korean toddlers and preschoolers. Based on 143 children, the ASD group (n = 68) showed significantly higher ADOS‐2 item and algorithm total scores as well as social affect and repetitive and restricted behaviors domain scores compared with children with nonspectrum (NS; n = 42) disorders and typically developing (TD; n = 33) children. Using lower algorithm cutoffs, sensitivities were excellent for the ASD versus NS/TD comparisons, ranging from 94% to 100% across different Modules. Specificities varied more, ranging from 82% to 100%. Internal consistency was strong with high item‐total correlations (r of 0.6–0.9) and Cronbach's Alphas (all above 0.7). Results demonstrated promising, initial evidence for the validity of the ADOS‐2 for South Korean toddlers and preschoolers from 1 to 4 years of age. The ADOS‐2 could be implemented, with minimal adaptations, in research and clinical settings in South Korea. This study is one of the first steps toward validating the ADOS‐2 in other Eastern countries that are in great need for a valid instrument for the detection of ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1356–1366. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryResults of this study demonstrated promising, initial evidence for the validity of a gold standard measure for the diagnosis of autism, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule‐2 (ADOS‐2), for South Korean toddlers and preschoolers. The ADOS‐2 could be implemented, with minimal adaptations, in research and clinical settings in South Korea. This study is one of the first steps toward validating the ADOS‐2 in other Eastern countries that are in great need of a valid instrument for the detection of ASD.
Proactive environmental strategy, innovation capability, and stakeholder integration capability: A mediation analysis
Authors: Yang Defeng , Jiang Wei , Zhao Weihong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the underlying mechanisms through which proactive environmental strategy develops organizational capabilities. The results of a survey of publicly listed companies in China reveal that proactive environmental strategy has a more positive influence on stakeholder integration capability than on innovation capability. Moreover, organizational learning plays a greater role in mediating the effect of proactive environmental strategy on innovation capability than on stakeholder integration capability, whereas cross‐functional coordination plays a greater role in mediating its effect on stakeholder integration capability than on innovation capability. These findings provide important implications on organizational capability building via proactive environmental strategy.
Barriers to obtaining prostate multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging in African‐American men on active surveillance for prostate cancer
Authors: Walton Eric L. , Deebajah Mustafa , Keeley Jacob , Fakhouri Shadi , Yaguchi Grace , Pantelic Milan , Rogers Craig , Park Hakmin , Menon Mani , Peabody James O. , Dabaja Ali , Alanee Shaheen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeMagnetic resonance imaging is playing an ever‐bigger role in the management of prostate cancer. This study investigated barriers to obtaining multi‐parametric MRI (mpMRI) in African‐American men on active surveillance for prostate cancer in comparison to white men affected by the same type of cancer.Materials and MethodsRetrospective review of prostate mpMRI orders from August 2015 to October 2017 at a single health organization treating a diverse population was performed. Data was extracted from the electronic medical records and cancellations were examined based on the documented reason for mpMRI cancellation, race, median zip code household income, and distance from healthcare facility.ResultsOut of 793 prostate mpMRI orders, 201 (25%) went unscanned. Access to care issues accounted for 46% of unscanned orders. Patient cancellations were the most common, followed by difficulty contacting patients, and insurance denials. African‐American patients disproportionately went unscanned because institution staff were unable to contact patients (29% vs 10% in white men, P = 0.0015). Median zip code household income was significantly different between racial groups but did not vary between indication for cancellation.ConclusionsAfrican‐American prostate cancer patients' access to mpMRI is hindered more by barriers to care than White patients. Urology providers must consider these issues before using prostate mpMRI within their active surveillance pathways.
Nomograms for predicting long‐term overall survival and cancer‐specific survival in lip squamous cell carcinoma: A population‐based study
Authors: Hu Chuan-Yu , Pan Zhen-Yu , Yang Jin , Chu Xiu-Hong , Zhang Jun , Tao Xue-Jin , Chen Wei-Min , Li Yuan-Jie , Lyu Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this study was to establish and validate two nomograms for predicting the long‐term overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).MethodsThis study selected 4175 patients who were diagnosed with LSCC between 2004 and 2015 in the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database. The patients were allocated randomly to a training cohort and validation cohort. Variables were selected using a backward stepwise method in a Cox regression model. Based on the predictive model with the identified prognostic factors, nomograms were established to predict the 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year survival OS and CSS rates of LSCC patients. The accuracy of the nomograms was evaluated based on the consistency index (C‐index), while their prediction accuracy was evaluated using calibration plots. Decision curve analyses (DCAs) were used to evaluate the performance of our survival model.ResultsThe multivariate analyses demonstrated that age at diagnosis, marital status, sex, race, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, surgery status, and radiotherapy status were risk factors for both OS and CSS. The C‐index, area under the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, and calibration plots demonstrated the good performance of the nomograms. DCAs of both nomograms further showed that they exhibited good 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year net benefits.ConclusionsWe have developed and validated LSCC prognosis nomograms for OS and CSS for the first time. These nomograms can be valuable tools for clinical practice when clinicians are helping patients to understand their survival risk for the next 3, 5, and 8 years.
Phytochemicals Content, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Sophora viciifolia
Authors: Lin Bei‐Bei , Liu Xiang , Wu San‐Qiao , Zheng Hong‐Xing , Huo Ke‐Ke , Qi Shan‐Shan , Chen Chen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of ethanol extracts from different parts of Sophora viciifolia. The content of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity were investigated, and individual polyphenols and alkaloids were analyzed and quantified by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The microdilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of extracts from S. viciifolia on six strains. The results for extracts from the different parts (flowers, leaves, and fruit) were compared in varying concentrations to determine whether one extract source is superior to another. Testing verified that extracts from the different parts of S. viciifolia did vary, as expected. For example, extract from the leaves had the best antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Candida albicans, but all extracts had good antimicrobial activity against the six tested strains. These results reveal that the active substances in S. viciifolia are abundant and have good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, which can provide theoretical support for the subsequent development and utilization of S. viciifolia extracts.
Meta‐analysis of optimal timing of coronary intervention in non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Barbarawi Mahmoud , Kheiri Babikir , Zayed Yazan , Barbarawi Owais , Chahine Adam , Haykal Tarek , Kanugula Ashok K. , Bachuwa Ghassan , Alkotob Mohammad L. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy and safety of early versus delayed invasive management of non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS).BackgroundCoronary angiography is recommended for patients with NSTE‐ACS, however, the optimal timing for this remains controversial.MethodsLiterature search of Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase for all RCTs that compared early with delayed invasive approaches in treating NSTE‐ACS was conducted by two independent authors. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), while the secondary outcomes included cardiovascular mortality, all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and bleeding events. The Mantel‐Haenszel random‐effects model was used to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe included 14 RCTs (9,637 patients, mean age 65.4, 67% males). The early invasive strategy was associated with a lower incidence of MACE compared with the delayed invasive strategy (RR 0.65, 95%CI 0.49–0.87; p = .003). Subgroup analysis according to GRACE score showed a lower incidence of MACE with early invasive strategies in GRACE >140 patients (p for interaction = .002). Furthermore, recurrent ischemia was lower in patients with an early invasive strategy (RR 0.42, 95%CI 0.26–0.69; p < .0005). In contrast, there were no significant differences in all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, MI, or bleeding events between groups (all p > .05).ConclusionsAmong patients with NSTE‐ACS, an early invasive strategy was associated with lower incidence of MACE and recurrent ischemia compared with delayed invasive strategy. There were no significant differences in all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, MI, or bleeding events between groups.
Malts: Quality and phenolic content of pearl millet and sorghum varieties for brewing nonalcoholic beverages and opaque beers
Authors: Embashu Werner , Nantanga Komeine K. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe use of malted sorghum and pearl millet in the production of traditional foods and beverages is ubiquitous in Africa and India. However, there is limited industrial production and little data on the phenolic content and quality of pearl millet and sorghum malts of different varieties. Therefore, this study investigated the proximate content, malt quality, and phenolics of pearl millet (Okashana 2, Kantana, and Kangara) and sorghum (Macia and a landrace referred to as Red sorghum) varieties.FindingsMalting increased the protein in all the varieties, except for Kangara. Germinative energies were >97% for all varieties, except for Red sorghum. Malt quality (reducing sugars, free amino nitrogen, and β‐amylase activity) was highest for Macia followed by Kantana. All pearl millet varieties and Macia had no condensed tannins. The total phenolic content and radical scavenging capacity decreased after malting for all the varieties.ConclusionsMacia and Kantana can be candidates for industrial malting for brewing nonalcoholic beverages and opaque beers. Kantana and Red sorghum had higher amounts of phenolic compounds and can potentially be vectors of delivering phenolics into human diets.Significance and noveltyThis study investigated the phenolic content and quality of malts of different pearl millet and sorghum varieties, which can potentially be used to brew particularly low‐alcohol beverages.
A Theoretical Perspective on Charge Separation and Transfer in Metal Oxide Photocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Zhou Xin , Dong Hao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSemiconductor‐based photocatalytic decomposition of water is one of the most promising techniques to produce clean and renewable energy in the future. Photogenerated charge separation and transfer is considered as one of the crucial steps controlling the conversion efficiency of solar energy in heterogeneous photocatalysis. Many experimental methods have been developed to enhance the efficiency of this process, such as fabricating junction structures, manipulating exposed facets, and loading suitable cocatalysts. Besides a variety of time and spatial resolved spectroscopic techniques, density functional theory calculations have been widely used to explore the photoinduced charge dynamics due to the advances of relevant theory and methodologies along with the improved computer performance. This article reviews recent theoretical researches mainly by means of density functional theory calculations in the charge separation and transportation in metal oxide photocatalytic systems.We introduce some common theoretical and computational methods for investigating physicochemical properties of photocatalytic materials, discuss the charge mobility in bulk and surface of semiconductors, the interfacial charge transfer in junction structures, and the role of cocatalysts in complex photocatalysts, and then evaluate potential research directions for superior photocatalytic systems on the basis of computational investigation and theoretical comprehension of intrinsic properties.
Continuous Biocatalysis in Environmentally‐Friendly Media: A Triple Synergy for Future Sustainable Processes
Authors: Guajardo Nadia , Domínguez de María Pablo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEnzyme catalysis (biocatalysis) is a mature strategy to perform organic synthesis with high selectivity and under mild reaction conditions. However, despite their origin and biodegradability, the simple use of enzymes is not sufficient to validate a process as green or sustainable. To reinforce the value that biocatalysis may offer, enzymatic processes can be established in environmentally‐friendly media, such as water, neoteric solvents (e. g. deep‐eutectic‐solvents, DES), biogenic solvents (e. g. 2‐MeTHF or terpenes), or even solvent‐free systems (if substrates allow that). Furthermore, these options can be conducted in continuous biocatalytic processes, which are more efficient and sustainable. Hence, a triple synergy is generated, and very promising environmentally‐friendly options can be envisaged. This conceptual paper discusses these alternatives, providing relevant, recently reported, successful examples.
Delineation of the Critical Parameters of Salt Catalysts in the N‐Formylation of Amines with CO2
Authors: Hulla Martin , Ortiz Daniel , Katsyuba Sergey , Vasilyev Dmitry , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractN‐formylation of amines combining CO2 as a C1 source with a hydrosilane reducing agent is a convenient route for the synthesis of N‐formylated compounds. A large number of salts including ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to efficiently catalyze the reaction and, yet, the key features of the catalyst remain unclear and the best salt catalysts for the reaction remain unknown. Here we demonstrate the detrimental effect of ion pairing on the catalytic activity and illustrate ways in which the strength of the interaction between the ions can be reduced to enhance interactions and, hence, reactivity with the substrates. In contrast to the current hypothesis, we also show that salt catalysts are more active as bases rather than nucleophiles and identify the pKa where the nucleophilic role of the catalyst switches to the more active basic role. The identification of these critical parameters allows the optimum salt catalyst and conditions for an N‐formylation reaction to be predicted.
Symmetries and Critical Phenomena in Fluids
Authors: Elgindi Tarek M. , Jeong In‐Jee 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe study two‐dimensional active scalar systems arising in fluid dynamics in critical spaces in the whole plane. We prove an optimal well‐posedness result that allows for the data and solutions to be scale‐invariant. These scale‐invariant solutions are new and their study seems to have far‐reaching consequences.More specifically, we first show that the class of bounded vorticities satisfying a discrete rotational symmetry is a global existence and uniqueness class for the two‐dimensional Euler squation. That is, in the well‐known L1∩L∞ theory of Yudovich, the L1‐assumption can be dropped upon having an appropriate symmetry condition. We also show via explicit examples the necessity of discrete symmetry for the uniqueness. This already answers problems raised by Lions in 1996 and Bendetto, Marchioro, and Pulvirenti in 1993.Next, we note that merely bounded vorticity allows for one to look at solutions that are invariant under scaling—the class of vorticities that are 0‐homo‐geneous in space. Such vorticity is shown to satisfy a new one‐dimensional evolution equation on 𝕊1. Solutions are also shown to exhibit a number of interesting properties. In particular, using this framework, we construct time quasi‐periodic solutions to the two‐dimensional Euler equation exhibiting pendulum‐like behavior. Finally, using the analysis of the one‐dimensional equation, we exhibit strong solutions to the two‐dimensional Euler equation with compact support for which angular derivatives grow at least (almost) quadratically in time (in particular, superlinear) or exponential in time (the latter being in the presence of a boundary).A similar study can be done for the surface quasi‐geostrophic (SQG) equation. Using the same symmetry condition, we prove local existence and uniqueness of solutions that are merely Lipschitz continuous near the origin—though, without the symmetry, Lipschitz initial data is expected to lose its Lipschitz continuity immediately. Once more, a special class of radially homogeneous solutions is considered, and we extract a one‐dimensional model that bears great resemblance to the so‐called De Gregorio model. We then show that finite‐time singularity formation for the one‐dimensional model implies finite‐time singularity formation in the class of Lipschitz solutions to the SQG equation that are compactly support.While the study of special infinite energy (i.e., nondecaying) solutions to fluid models is classical, this appears to be the first case where these special solutions can be embedded into a natural existence/uniqueness class for the equation. Moreover, these special solutions approximate finite‐energy solutions for long time and have direct bearing on the global regularity problem for finite‐energy solutions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A WiFi‐aware method for mobile data offloading with deadline constraints
Authors: Tang Wenda , Wu Chaobing , Qi Lianyong , Zhang Xuyun , Xu Xiaolong , Dou Wanchun 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWith an increasing number of public WiFi hotspots have been constructed in metropolitan areas, citizens can leverage these WiFi hotspots to surf the Internet with their smart devices almost everywhere. Compared to cellular networks, most people prefer using WiFi because this can not only save money by reducing the cellular data traffic but also save energy to prolong the battery lifetime of mobile devices. Mobile offloading techniques give the opportunity for smart devices to offload cellular data traffic to WiFi networks whenever they are connected WiFi networks. Although offloading to WiFi networks can cause communication delay, many delay‐tolerant applications still prefer doing so in order to save the cellular data traffic. Existing offloading approaches only take the application delay tolerance into consideration and therefore easy to induce some tasks missing deadlines. In this paper, we propose a novel WiFi‐aware method for mobile data offloading through WiFi networks with deadline constraints. Specifically, it takes the WiFi distribution in city areas into consideration while making offloading decision. The simulation results on real‐world data have shown that our method improves the percentage of tasks that can meet their deadlines, and reduces the average task completion time by comparing with other outstanding methods.
Efficacy of a phenol derivative, isopropyl vanillate, as an anti‐inflammatory agent: A new small molecule inhibitor of COX and neutrophil migration
Authors: Nogueira Kerolayne M. , de Souza Luan K. M. , de Oliveira Ana P. , Pacheco Gabriella , Iles Bruno , Alencar Matheus S. , Nicolau Lucas A. D. , Silva Renan O. , da Nóbrega Flávio R. , Sousa Damião P. , de Souza Marcellus H. L. P. , Medeiros Jand V. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInflammation is the response of the body to noxious stimuli such as infections, trauma, or injury. Experimental studies have shown that vanillic acid has anti‐inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory and antipyretic properties of the derivative of vanillic acid, isopropyl vanillate (ISP‐VT), in mice. The results of this study indicated that ISP‐VT reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran sulfate (DEX), compound 48/80, serotonin, bradykinin (BK), histamine (HIST), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, ISP‐VT reduced recruitment of leukocytes and neutrophils and reduced its adhesion and rolling, and decreased myeloperoxidase enzyme activity (MPO), cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6), and vascular permeability. ISP‐VT also significantly reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in subplantar tissue of mice. ISP‐VT inhibited COX‐2 selectively compared to the standard drug. Our results showed that although ISP‐VT binds to COX‐1, it is less toxic than indomethacin, as evidenced by MPO analysis of gastric tissue. Treatment with the ISP‐VT significantly reduced rectal temperature in yeast‐induced hyperthermia in mice. Our results showed that the main mechanism ISP‐VT‐induced anti‐inflammatory activity is by inhibition of COX‐2. In conclusion, our results indicate that ISP‐VT has potential as an anti‐inflammatory and antipyretic therapeutic compound.
Positive and negative intergroup contact and shared reality: Contact effects among host society and refugees
Authors: Lutterbach Sebastian , Beelmann Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo cross‐sectional studies examined the relationship between positive and negative intergroup contact and shared reality from a majority and a minority group perspective and indirect effects via two types of intergroup threat (threat to identity for the majority, discrimination fear for the minority) and differential closeness. Research was conducted in the context of German–Syrian relations to contrast contact effects on shared reality among German host society members and Syrian refugees. Study 1 revealed unique and asymmetrical effects of valenced contact on shared reality and indirect effects via threat to identity and differential closeness (N = 226). In Study 2, positive contact among Syrian refugees (N = 121) increased shared reality via differential closeness. Negative contact showed no relation to shared reality, but mediation analyses indicated an indirect effect via discrimination fear. Differences between majority and minority contact effects on shared reality are discussed along with the studies’ limitations and implications.