bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Changing Security, Transforming Governance
Authors: Autero Anniina , Korvela Paul-Erik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis introductory chapter sets the theoretical backdrop for the theme of the book and subsequent chapters. The chapter commences from the long pedigree of Western political theory and its focus on the security and safety of citizens. Providing external and internal security for the citizens has been considered the most central task of states and governments at least since Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) onwards. Even the most libertarian branches of political thought agree that catering for this security need justifies the very existence of states. This fundamental framework as such has not changed much over the centuries, one could argue, but the very concept of security has undergone transformations. Research literature refers to the widening of security discourse, where the fulcrum of security shifts from state security to human security and includes issues traditionally considered to be outside of “hard security”. At the same time another trend, the transformation of government into governance, has changed the logic of how this security is provided. The introductory chapter scrutinizes these two transformations and how they manifest themselves in the book’s chapters. The interplay between multi-level governance and the widening of security discourse is addressed in the two parts of the book: first part is the theoretical one, scrutinizing various aspects of widening security discourse and challenges posed by emerging technologies. The second part delves deeper into the practical cases from different cities showing how some of these challenges have been met.
Accounting for Social Value in Urban Security: Social Return on Investment of SURE
Authors: Jashari Alisa , Autero Anniina , de Moraes Batista Simão Marcela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe multidimensional benefits of improved urban security have long been under-evidenced. In accounting for socio-economic value, we modeled the potential returns on investment of a holistic urban security solution pioneered in Tampere, Finland. This chapter analyzes the social returns on investment of the Smart Urban Security and Event Resilience (SURE) project using the social return on investment (SROI) methodology. The SROI methodology uses qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods that are quantified as monetary values in order to estimate the socio-economic returns on investmens of SURE in the City of Tampere. The SROI analysis accounted for the value created for several stakeholders, namely, event attenders, event organizers, local municipality, and local urban security actors. The methodology allows for the translation of social outcomes into tangible monetary values, presented in the form of a ratio indicating the value generated in relation to the investments made. The mentioned returns present themselves in savings in the areas of investigative costs, faster incident response, increased security for event attenders and respondents, and increased inter-institutional collaboration.
Crowd Counting in Action: Observations from the SURE Project
Authors: Joutsijoki Henry , Mäenpää Sari 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough camera surveillance combined with analytic properties produces great value in tasks like anomaly detection or object detection in general, the reverse is maintaining the privacy of the people. One application of camera surveillance is crowd counting. The purpose of crowd counting is to estimate the number of people in a defined area, and the estimation is performed with a machine learning method. Scientific literature related to crowd counting focuses mainly on the algorithm development. However, when crowd counting solution is implemented in practice, the algorithm is only one part of the whole solution. To fill this gap, we contribute by discussing the whole pipeline from the requirements of camera and space, computing environment, and the categorization of crowd counting methods to the requirements of data. Our approach is qualitative in nature and is based on literature review together with case observations which make the challenges visible. As a result, we enlighten the issues that need to be considered when implementing a crowd counting pipeline.
Toward Designing Ethically Acceptable AI Security Systems Through Agent Modeling
Authors: Hallamaa Jaana , Janhunen Tomi , Nummenmaa Jyrki , Nummenmaa Timo , Saariluoma Pertti , Zimina Elizaveta 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAI systems are often complex and they have ethical consequences. We propose careful modeling of the related agents and their ethical concerns for the design of acceptable AI systems. We have worked on an example case of shopping mall security, and we will exemplify our ideas with our case study. Our modeling is based on BDI (belief-desire-intention) theory, philosophical theories of social action, and cognitive research on individual minds and ethics. For our empirical part, we have met and interviewed personnel in a real shopping mall. We aim to give a theoretical basis for considering ethical aspects for the use and design of AI in security.
Angular fractals in thermal QFT
Authors: Benjamin Nathan , Lee Jaeha , Pal Sridip , Simmons-Duffin David , Xu Yixin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We show that thermal effective field theory controls the long-distance expansion of the partition function of a d-dimensional QFT, with an insertion of any finite-order spatial isometry. Consequently, the thermal partition function on a sphere displays a fractal-like structure as a function of angular twist, reminiscent of the behavior of a modular form near the real line. As an example application, we find that for CFTs, the effective free energy of even-spin minus odd-spin operators at high temperature is smaller than the usual free energy by a factor of 1/2d. Near certain rational angles, the partition function receives subleading contributions from “Kaluza-Klein vortex defects” in the thermal EFT, which we classify. We illustrate our results with examples in free and holographic theories, and also discuss nonperturbative corrections from worldline instantons.
Probing large extra dimension at DUNE using beam tunes
Authors: Siyeon Kim , Kim Suhyeon , Masud Mehedi , Park Juseong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a leading experiment in neutrino physics which is presently under construction. DUNE aims to measure the yet unknown parameters in the three flavor oscillation case which includes discovery of leptonic CP violation, determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy and measuring the octant of θ23. Additionally, the ancillary goals of DUNE include probing the subdominant effects induced by possible physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). One such new physics scenario is the possible presence of Large Extra Dimension (LED) which can naturally give rise to tiny neutrino masses. LED impacts neutrino oscillation through two new parameters, — namely the lightest Dirac mass m0 and the radius of the extra dimension RED (< 2 μm). At the DUNE baseline of 1300 km, the probability seems to be modified more at the higher energy (≳ 4 − 5 GeV) in presence of LED. In this work, we attempt to constrain the parameter space of m0 and RED by performing a statistical analysis of neutrino data simulated at DUNE far detector (FD). We illustrate how a combination of the standard low energy (LE) neutrino beam and a medium energy (ME) neutrino beam can take advantage of the relatively large impact of LED at higher energy and improve the constraints. In the analysis we also show the role of the individual oscillation channels (νμ → νe, νμ → νμ, νμ → ντ), as well as the two neutrino mass hierarchies.
Sparse groups need not be semisparse
Authors: Hubard Isabel , Toledo Micael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn 1999 Michael Hartley showed that any abstract polytope can be constructed as a double coset poset, by means of a C-group $$\mathcal {W}$$
W
and a subgroup $$N \le \mathcal {W}$$

N
≤
W

. Subgroups $$N \le \mathcal {W}$$

N
≤
W

that give rise to abstract polytopes through such a construction are called sparse. If, further, the stabilizer of a base flag of the poset is precisely N, then N is said to be semisparse. In [4, Conjecture 5.2] Hartely conjectures that sparse groups are always semisparse. In this paper, we show that this conjecture is in fact false: there exist sparse groups that are not semisparse. In particular, we show that such groups are always obtained from non-faithful maniplexes that give rise to polytopes. Using this, we show that Hartely’s conjecture holds for rank 3, but we construct examples to disprove the conjecture for all ranks $$n\ge 4$$

n
≥
4

.
Rapid and motion-robust pediatric brain imaging: T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo PROPELLER acquisition with compressed sensing
Authors: Wichtmann Barbara Daria , Katemann Christoph , Kadrija Mergim , Layer Yannik C. , Bischoff Leon M. , Scheuver Yvonne , Mezger Madeleine , Weber Oliver M. , Luetkens Julian A. , Attenberger Ulrike I. , Radbruch Alexander , Paech Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
In pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), reducing the rate of non-diagnostic scans due to artifacts and shortening acquisition time are crucial not only for economic reasons but also to minimize sedation or general anesthesia.

Objective
Enabling faster and motion-robust MRI of the brain in infants and children using a novel, enhanced compressed sensing (CS) algorithm in combination with a turbo-spin-echo T2-weighted sequence utilizing the PROPELLER-technique (periodically rotated overlapping parallel
lines with enhanced reconstruction; T2PROPELLER CS).

Materials and methods
This prospective study included 31 patients (8.0 ± 4.7 years, 15 males) undergoing a clinically indicated MRI examination of the brain on a 3-T scanner. The T2PROPELLER CS sequence was compared to a conventional, CS-accelerated Cartesian turbo-spin-echo T2-weighted sequence (T2Cartesian CS). Apparent contrast-to-noise ratio (aCNR) and signal-to-noise ratio (aSNR) were calculated. Three blinded radiologists independently rated both sequences twice qualitatively on a 5-point Likert-scale from 1–5 (non-diagnostic–excellent) for artifacts, image sharpness, basal ganglia delineation, lesion conspicuity, and overall image quality. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired sample t test. Intra- and interrater reliability of qualitative image assessment was evaluated by computing Krippendorff’s

$$\alpha$$

α

reliability estimates.

Results
The average acquisition time of the T2PROPELLER CS (189 ± 27 s) was 31% shorter than that of the T2Cartesian CS sequence (273 ± 21 s; P < 0.001). aCNR (7.7 ± 4.6 vs. 6.2 ± 2.8; P = 0.004) and aSNR (24.8 ± 9.7 vs. 18.8 ± 5.5; P < 0.001) were higher for the T2Cartesian CS compared to the T2PROPELLER CS sequence. The T2PROPELLER CS sequence significantly reduced (motion-)artifacts (P < 0.001) and increased image sharpness (P < 0.001), basal ganglia delineation (P<0.001), lesion conspicuity (raters 1 and 2, P < 0.001; rater 3, P = 0.004), and overall image quality (P < 0.001). Metal artifacts were prominent in both sequences, though slightly more pronounced in the T2PROPELLER CS sequence.

Conclusion
The T2PROPELLER CS sequence enables faster and motion-robust imaging of the brain in infants and children, reducing the rate of non-diagnostic scans and potentially allowing sedation or general anesthesia to be minimized in the future.

Graphical abstract
Copy number alterations in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and their association with patients’ outcome
Authors: Abdelfattah Nesma E. , Elsayed Ghada M. , Soliman Amira H. , Ebeid Emad N. , El Ashry Mona S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGenetic abnormalities provide diagnostic and prognostic information for pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genetic CNAs and RUNX1 gene abnormalities on the outcome of pediatric BCP-ALL patients. This study included 78 de novo-BCP-ALL pediatric patients who presented to the Pediatric Oncology Department of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University. We aimed to study the impact of copy number alteration (CNA) of 8 of the most altered genes in BCP-ALL patients, in addition to RUNX1 gene abnormalities, on patient survival and response to treatment. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to detect CNA, while RUNX1 gene alterations were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). CNA of the PAX5 gene was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) (P = 0.012 and P = 0.025, respectively). An increase in the CNA of ETV6 was associated with an increase in minimal residual disease (MRD) on day 15 (P = 0.041). Although RUNX1 gene abnormalities were not a predictor of shorter OS or EFS, an interesting significant association was found between PAX5 CNA and RUNX1 gene gain and translocation (P = 0.017 and P = 0.041, respectively). PAX5 CNA is an adverse prognostic factor. ETV6 CNA is associated with high MRD on day 15.
Cross-equatorial extension of the Pacific-South American wave train enabled by Southeastern South American rainfall
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Fu Rong , Zhao Sen , Jin Fei-Fei , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Pacific–South American (PSA) pattern is a key mode of climate variability in the mid-to-high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, impacting circulation and rainfall anomalies over South America. However, the effect of South American rainfall on the PSA has not been previously explored. This study focuses on the impact of rainfall over southeastern South American (SESA) during the austral summer (December–February). Observational analyses reveal that the PSA pattern remains confined to higher southern latitudes when SESA rainfall anomalies are weak. In contrast, strong SESA rainfall anomalies can generate a quasi-stationary Rossby wave train, which represents a cross-equatorial extension of the PSA. This wave train propagates along a southwest–northeast great circle path from higher latitudes, crosses the equator, and reaches the tropical Atlantic, southern Europe, and northern Africa, inducing a wet and cool weather condition over western and southern Europe. The observed wave train can be reproduced by the linear baroclinic model (LBM) simulations. Given the PSA’s connection to tropical forcing over the central Pacific, we examine differences in the wave response to central Pacific forcing alone versus combined central Pacific and SESA forcings. By incorporating SESA forcing, the wave train originally triggered by central Pacific forcing is amplified and extended. Our findings confirm the significant role of SESA rainfall anomalies in extending the PSA pattern to the Northern Hemisphere and highlight the South American continent as a land bridge that links circulation anomalies across the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the Southern and Northern Hemispheres.
Impact attribution: exploring the contribution of climate change to recent trends in hydrological processes—an editorial introduction
Authors: Hattermann Fred F. , Krysanova Valentina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe world is already in the midst of climate change and, in addition to preventing further climate change, it is of fundamental interest to analyse the existing impacts and implement appropriate adaptation measures. To this end, it is important to distinguish the influences of human management and land use change from the pure effects of climate change. However, the attribution of climate change effects in hydrology is still in its infancy, and the aim of this collection with its in total 9 articles is to contribute to a better understanding of the underlying methods on the one hand, and to quantify the recent consequences of climate change for hydrological processes on the other. The attribution of recent trends in mean annual discharge to climate change was possible in 42% of the 97 selected river basins from three continents investigated, mostly pointing on positive trends in streamflow: in Norway, northern Russia, northern Kazakhstan, western China and in the Lake Victoria basin. Negative trends in streamflow attributable to climate change were detected in the Blue Nile and Main Nile, in three basins of Central and South Asia and in the Selenga river.
Blockchain for securing electronic voting systems: a survey of architectures, trends, solutions, and challenges
Authors: Ohize Henry O. , Onumanyi Adeiza James , Umar Buhari U. , Ajao Lukman A. , Isah Rabiu O. , Dogo Eustace M. , Nuhu Bello K. , Olaniyi Olayemi M. , Ambafi James G. , Sheidu Vincent B. , Ibrahim Muhammad M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectronic voting (e-voting) systems are gaining increasing attention as a means to modernize electoral processes, enhance transparency, and boost voters’ participation. In recent years, significant developments have occurred in the study of e-voting and blockchain technology systems, hence reshaping many electoral systems globally. For example, real-world implementations of blockchain-based e-voting have been explored in various countries, such as Estonia and Switzerland, which demonstrates the potential of blockchain to enhance the security and transparency of elections. Thus, in this paper, we present a survey of the latest trends in the development of e-voting systems, focusing on the integration of blockchain technology as a promising solution to address various concerns in e-voting, including security, transparency, auditability, and voting integrity. This survey is important because existing survey articles do not cover the latest advancements in blockchain technology for e-voting, particularly as it relates to architecture, global trends, and current concerns in the developmental process. Thus, we address this gap by providing an encompassing overview of architectures, developments, concerns, and solutions in e-voting systems based on the use of blockchain technology. Specifically, a concise summary of the information necessary for implementing blockchain-based e-voting solutions is provided. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in blockchain systems, which aim to enhance scalability and performance in large-scale voting scenarios. We also highlight the fact that the implementation of blockchain-based e-voting systems faces challenges, including cybersecurity risks, resource intensity, and the need for robust infrastructure, which must be addressed to ensure the scalability and reliability of these systems. This survey also points to the ongoing development in the field, highlighting future research directions such as improving the efficiency of blockchain algorithms and integrating advanced cryptographic techniques to further enhance security and trust in e-voting systems. Hence, by analyzing the current state of e-voting systems and blockchain technology, insights have been provided into the opportunities and challenges in the field with opportunities for future research and development efforts aimed at creating more secure, transparent, and inclusive electoral processes.
Real-world effectiveness and safety of ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Japan: the Orbit study
Authors: Muta Tsuyoshi , Masamoto Yosuke , Yamamoto Go , Kurahashi Shingo , Kameoka Yoshihiro , Ota Shuichi , Matsuki Eri , Ozeki Kazutaka , Toyama Takanori , Takahashi Naoki , Kumode Takahiro , Aotsuka Nobuyuki , Yoshimura Takuro , Tamura Hideto , Omi Ai , Shibayama Kazuhiro , Watanabe Aki , Isobe Yasushi , Kojima Kensuke , Takizawa Jun , Nagai Hirokazu , Suzumiya Junji , Aoki Sadao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ibrutinib is a first-in-class Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) in Japan based on randomized clinical trial data. The aim of the real-world, retrospective Orbit study was to describe long-term clinical outcomes and management in adults (aged ≥ 20 years) with CLL/SLL treated with ibrutinib, either as first-line (1L) treatment or for relapsed or refractory (RR) disease, in routine clinical practice in Japan between July 2018 and December 2020. A total of 246 patients were registered, and the safety and per-protocol sets included 237 and 234 patients, respectively. After a median follow-up of 35.7 months, the 36-month progression-free survival rate was 80.9% in the 1L CLL cohort and 67.2% in the RR CLL cohort, and the 36-month overall survival rates were 90.8% and 83.7%, respectively. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Grade ≥ 3 adverse events of special interest were atrial fibrillation (2.1%), infections (herpesvirus infection, fungal infection, or Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia; 1.7%), bleeding (3.8%), and second primary malignancy (2.5%). These findings confirm the long-term, real-world effectiveness and safety of ibrutinib for the treatment of Japanese patients with newly diagnosed or RR CLL/SLL.
Shorter vs. standard-duration antibiotic therapy for nocardiosis: a multi-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Attias Nofar Hezkelo , Schlaeffer-Yosef Tal , Zahavi Itay , Hasson Noga , Ari Yaara Ben , Darawsha Basel , Levitan Idan , Goldberg Elad , Landes Michal , Litchevsky Vladislav , Ben-Zvi Haim , Amit Sharon , Nesher Lior , Bishara Jihad , Paul Mical , Yahav Dafna , Margalit Ili 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The prolonged treatment recommended for nocardiosis does not rely on strong evidence. Consequently, some clinicians opt shorter therapy in certain circumstances. We assessed the effectiveness of shorter therapy.

Methods
A multi-center retrospective cohort study comprising individuals diagnosed with nocardiosis between 2007 and 2022. We classified all patients who survived 90 days into three groups according to treatment duration: short (≤ 90 days), intermediate (91–180 days), and prolonged (> 180 days). We compared baseline characteristics (comorbidities, immune status) and nocardiosis manifestations across the unadjusted treatment groups, one-year all-cause mortality, disease relapse, and antibiotic-related adverse events to identify patients who may safely receive the short course.

Results
We detected 176 patients with nocardiosis, their median age was 65 years; 74 (42%) were women. Forty-three (24%) patients died within 90 days. Of the remaining 133, 37 (28%) patients received short therapy, 40 (30%) intermediate, and 56 (42%) prolonged treatment duration. Longer courses were more likely to be administered to patients with immunosuppression, disseminated nocardiosis, and N. farcinica infection. Within a year, 20 (15%) individuals died and 2 (2%) relapsed. Treatment duration was not associated with either mortality (p = 0.945) or relapse (p = 0.509). Nocardiosis was the cause of death in only one patient, receiving a prolonged course. Of 73 patients with solitary pulmonary nocardiosis, 20 (27%) received short duration. None relapsed and 2 (10%) died, both immunocompromised. The rate of AE was similar across the groups.

Conclusions
With clinically guided case-by-case patient selection nocardiosis can be safely treated for durations significantly shorter than traditionally recommended.