bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the keystone role of figs maintained across a gradient of increasing human disturbance?
Authors: Peabotuwage Indika , Goodale Uromi Manage , Goodale Eben 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFig trees provide important resources to tropical animals, but is their keystone role affected by human disturbance? In Sri Lanka, we found that more bird species were found in close association with fruiting figs in urban areas, suggesting their role is accentuated there, and justifying their planting.
Does Exposure to Code‐Switching Influence Language Performance in Bilingual Children?
Authors: Kaushanskaya Margarita , Crespo Kimberly 
Published: March 2019

This study investigated whether the effect of exposure to code‐switching on bilingual children's language performance varied depending on verbal working memory (WM). A large sample of school‐aged Spanish–English bilingual children (N = 174, Mage = 7.78) was recruited, and children were administered language measures in English and Spanish. The frequency with which the children were exposed to code‐switching was gathered through parent report. For children with high verbal WM, greater exposure to code‐switching was associated with higher levels of language ability. In contrast, for children with lower verbal WM, greater exposure to code‐switching was associated with lower levels of language ability. These findings indicate that children's cognitive processing capacity dictates whether exposure to code‐switching facilitates or hinders language skills.
Diagnostischer Nutzen der Konfokalmikroskopie als weiterführende Untersuchungsmethode von Gesichtsläsionen
Authors: Ahlgrimm‐Siess Verena , Weitzer Friedrich , Arzberger Edith , Laimer Martin , Hofmann‐Wellenhof Rainer 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungBenigne und maligne Läsionen der Gesichtshaut können klinisch und dermatoskopisch schwierig zu differenzieren sein. Die vorliegende Studie zielte darauf ab, den diagnostischen Nutzen der In‐vivo‐Konfokalmikroskopie (RCM) als weiterführende Untersuchungsmethode für Neubildungen der Gesichtshaut zu untersuchen.Patienten und MethodikRetrospektive und verblindete Untersuchung von 160 konsekutiven Gesichtsläsionen in zwei getrennten Schritten: zuerst Auswertung der klinischen und dermatoskopischen Bilder, gefolgt von einer kombinierten Beurteilung der klinischen, dermatoskopischen und RCM‐Bilder. Unsere Studie schloss 60 % maligne Läsionen ein, bestehend aus 43 % Melanomen, 9 % Basalzellkarzinomen, 5 % In‐situ‐Plattenepithelkarzinomen und 3 % Lymphomen.ErgebnisseDie zusätzliche RCM verbesserte die diagnostische Spezifität für die Erkennung von Malignomen im Vergleich zur klinisch‐dermatoskopischen Auswertung allein deutlich (58 % vs. 28 %). Die Sensitivität war für die RCM‐basierte Auswertung jedoch wegen der Fehlbeurteilung eines In‐situ‐Plattenepithelkarzinoms und eines Lymphoms etwas erniedrigt (93 % vs. 95 %). Im Bezug auf die Melanomdiagnose schnitt die RCM‐basierte Bildauswertung generell besser ab; die Sensitivität war nur gering erhöht (88 % vs. 87 %), die Spezifität jedoch deutlich (84 % vs. 58 %).SchlussfolgerungenDie RCM stellt ein wertvolles diagnostisches Hilfsmittel im Gesichtsbereich dar; die Anzahl unnötiger Biopsien in diesem kosmetisch sensiblen Areal könnte, ohne ein Melanom zu übersehen, um ein Drittel reduziert werden.
Deprescribing in der Dermatologie: Ein systematisches Review aktueller dermatologischer Leitlinien
Authors: Darr‐Foit Susanne , Elsner Peter , Tittelbach Jörg 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungAls „Deprescribing“ wird der systematische Prozess der Identifikation, der Dosisreduktion und des Absetzens individuell ineffektiver und/oder potenziell schädigender Arzneimittel bezeichnet. Die hier vorgenommene Analyse befasst sich mit diesem Begriff im Rahmen der Anwendungsempfehlungen von Systemmedikationen innerhalb aktueller dermatologischer Leitlinien unter Betrachtung verschiedener Gesichtspunkte. Untersucht wurden 16 Leitlinien der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG). Bei der Auswertung fiel auf, dass bei vielen Leitlinien keine oder keine vollständigen Hinweise für das Deprescribing der erwähnten Systemtherapien gegeben wurden. Daher wird empfohlen, im Rahmen der Leitlinienerstellung oder ‐aktualisierung standardisiert Hinweise zum Absetzen oder der Dosisanpassung für die vorgeschlagenen Systemtherapien zu integrieren.
S2k‐Leitlinie Haut‐ und WeichgewebeinfektionenAuszug aus „Kalkulierte parenterale Initialtherapie bakterieller Erkrankungen bei Erwachsenen – Update 2018“
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Becker Karsten , Eckmann Christian , Graninger Wolfgang , Kujath Peter , Schöfer Helmut 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDiese erste deutschsprachige S2k‐Leitlinie zu bakteriellen Haut‐ und Weichgewebeinfektionen ist im Rahmen der „Empfehlungen zur kalkulierten parenteralen Initialtherapie bakterieller Erkrankungen“ unter Federführung der Paul‐Ehrlich‐Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie e.V. entstanden und wird in wichtigen Auszügen hier wiedergegeben.Voraussetzung für gut kalkulierte Antibiotikatherapien ist eine genaue diagno­stische Zuordnung. So wird das Erysipel definiert als nichteitrige Infektion als deren Erreger β‐­hämolysierende Streptokokken gelten, und das klinisch diagnostiziert wird aufgrund eines hellroten Erythems und initial auftretenden Fiebers oder Fröstelns. Therapie der Wahl ist Penicillin. Begrenzte Phlegmonen dagegen werden meist durch Staphylococcus (S.) aureus verursacht, gehen häufig von Wunden aus, zeigen lividrote Erytheme und sind initial meist nicht von Fieber begleitet. Die Behandlung erfolgt mit einem Cephalosporin der Gruppe 1 oder 2 oder Flucloxacillin (parenteral). Schwere Phlegmonen sind eitrige, teilweise nekrotische, im Gewebe sich ausbreitende und bis an die Faszie reichende Infektionen, welche neben der Antibiotikabehandlung zusätzlich einer chirurgischen Versorgung bedürfen. Sie erfüllen oft auch die Kriterien für komplizierte Weichgewebeinfektionen, wie sie von der Food and Drug Administration für klinische Studien definiert worden sind (u. a. Komorbiditäten wie schlecht eingestellter Diabetes mellitus, periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit, Neutropenie). Hierfür werden Antibiotika empfohlen, die neben S. aureus auch anaerobe Bakterien und/oder gramnegative Bakterien erfassen. Die sogenannten nekrotisierenden Weichgewebeinfektionen sind eigenständige, rasch progrediente, akut lebensbedrohliche Infektionen infolge besonderer bakterieller Toxine, die zu ischämischen Nekrosen und Schock führen und ein schnelles radikales chirurgisches Débridement sowie entsprechende Anitbiotika erfordern. Abszesse müssen in erster Linie gut drainiert werden und erfordern nur unter bestimmten Umständen zusätzlich Antibiotika (Lokalisation im Gesicht, Hand‐ oder Genitoanalbereich, schwieriger Drainage etc.).Die Leitlinie enthält zusätzlich Konsensus‐basierte Empfehlungen für höhere als in Studien geprüfte oder üblicherweise verabreichte Dosierungen. Ziel ist eine rationale Antibiotikatherapie, die wirksam und verträglich ist und keinen unnötigen Selektionsdruck in Richtung (multi‐)resistenter Erreger ausübt.
Central thalamic inactivation impairs the expression of action‐ and outcome‐related responses of medial prefrontal cortex neurons in the rat
Authors: Francoeur Miranda J. , Wormwood Benjamin A. , Gibson Brett M. , Mair Robert G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe mediodorsal (MD) and adjacent intralaminar (IL) and midline nuclei provide the main thalamic input to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and are critical for associative learning and decision‐making. MD neurons exhibit activity related to actions and outcomes that mirror responses of mPFC neurons in rats during dynamic delayed non‐match to position (dDNMTP), a variation of DNMTP where start location is varied randomly within an open octagonal arena to avoid confounding behavioral events with spatial location. To test whether the thalamus affects the expression of these responses in mPFC, we inhibited the central thalamus unilaterally by microinjecting muscimol at doses and sites found to affect decision‐making when applied bilaterally. Unilateral inactivation reduced normalized task‐related responses in the ipsilateral mPFC without disrupting behavior needed to characterize event‐related neuronal activity. Our results extend earlier findings that focused on delay‐related activity by showing that central thalamic inactivation interferes with responses related to actions and outcomes that occur outside the period of memory delay. These findings are consistent with the broad effects of central thalamic lesions on behavioral measures of reinforcement‐guided responding. Most (7/8) of the prefrontal response types affected by thalamic inactivation have also been observed in MD during dDNMTP. These results support the hypothesis that MD and IL act as transthalamic gates: monitoring prefrontal activity through corticothalamic inputs; integrating this information with signals from motivational and sensorimotor systems that converge in thalamus; and acting through thalamocortical projections to enhance expression of neuronal responses in the PFC that support adaptive goal‐directed behavior.
Genome‐wide association study of psoriasis in an Egyptian population
Authors: Bejaoui Yosra , Witte Mareike , Abdelhady Mohamed , Eldarouti Mohammad , Abdallah Nermeen M. A. , Elghzaly Ashraf Antar , Tawhid Ziyad , Gaballah Mohammad Ali , Busch Hauke , Munz Matthias , Wendorff Mareike , Ellinghaus Eva , Franke Andre , Ibrahim Saleh M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin, with genetic factors reportedly involved in the disease pathogenesis. Numerous studies reported psoriasis candidate genes. However, these tend to involve mostly in the European and Asian populations. Here, we report the first genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in an Egyptian population, identifying susceptibility variants for psoriasis using a two‐stage case‐control design. In the first discovery stage, we carried out a genome‐wide association analysis using the Infinium® Global Screening Array‐24 v1.0, on 253 cases and 449 control samples of Egyptian descent. In the second replication stage, 26 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for replication in additional 321 cases and 253 controls. In concordance with the findings from previous studies on other populations, we found a genome‐wide significant association between the MHC locus and the disease at rs12199223 (Pcomb = 6.57 × 10−18) and rs1265181 (Pcomb = 1.03 × 10−10). Additionally, we identified a novel significant association with the disease at locus, 4q32.1 (rs12650590, Pcomb = 4.49 × 10−08) in the vicinity of gene GUCY1A3, and multiple suggestive associations, for example rs10832027 (Pcomb = 7.28 × 10−06) and rs3770019 (Pcomb = 1.02 × 10−05). This proposes the existence of important interethnic genetic differences in psoriasis susceptibility. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the downstream pathways of the new candidate loci.
The acute myeloid leukemia‐associated Nucleophosmin 1 gene mutations dictate amyloidogenicity of the C‐terminal domain
Authors: La Manna Sara , Scognamiglio Pasqualina Liana , Roviello Valentina , Borbone Fabio , Florio Daniele , Di Natale Concetta , Bigi Alessandra , Cecchi Cristina , Cascella Roberta , Giannini Cinzia , Sibillano Teresa , Novellino Ettore , Marasco Daniela 
Published: March 2019

Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is a nucleus‐cytoplasm shuttling protein ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved. It is involved in many cellular processes and its gene is mutated in ~ 50–60% of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. These mutations cause its cytoplasmic mislocation and accumulation (referred to as NPM1c+) and open the door to rational targeted therapy for AML diseases with mutated NPM1. Currently, there is limited knowledge on the mechanism of action of NPM1c+ and on structural determinants of the leukemogenic potential of AML mutations. Numerous previous studies outlined an unexpected amyloid‐like aggregation tendency of several regions located in the C‐terminal domain that, in wild‐type form, fold as a three‐helical‐bundle. Here, using a combination of different techniques including Thioflavin T fluorescence, congo red absorbance, CD spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering on a series of peptides bearing mutations, we evidence that the amyloidogenicity of NPM1 mutants is directly linked to AML. Noticeably, AML point mutations strongly affect the amyloid cytotoxic effects in neuroblastoma cells and the morphologies of deriving fibrils. This study paves the way to deepen our understanding of AML‐associated NPM1 mutants, and could help to break new ground for the identification of novel drugs targeting NPM1c+ for treatment of AML.
Sexual intimacy in later life: From the perspectives of older couples in Malaysia
Authors: Minhat Halimatus S , Mat Din Hazwan , Hamid Tengku A , Hassan Nudin Siti S 
Published: March 2019

AimTo identify the determinants of sexual intimacy among married older people in Malaysia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out among 1294 married Malaysian older couples who were randomly selected from all 14 states in Malaysia. The data were collected by trained enumerators using a set of validated questionnaires consisting of eight sections, namely sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, perceived health status, life satisfaction, body mass index, disability status (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule), social support (Lubben Social Network Scale) and sexual intimacy.ResultsHaving good social support (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.45–0.74) from family and friends were protective determinants against poor sexual intimacy in later life. Meanwhile, those who were aged 70–79 years (AOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.35–2.42), aged >80 years (AOR 35.49, 95% CI 4.80–262.18), women (AOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13–1.90), non‐Malay (AOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.50–2.48), received only informal education (AOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.35–2.42), had gastritis (AOR 2.62, 95% CI 1.58–4.34), had a stroke (AOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.04–14.12), perceived their current health status was satisfactory (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.15–2.00) and disabled based on the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (AOR 3.14, 95% CI 1.34–7.36) were at risk of poor sexual intimacy.ConclusionsThe majority of older Malaysian couples were having poor sexual intimacy despite being still married and sleeping with their partners, reflecting the presence of underlying barriers towards sexual intimacy in later life among older Malaysians. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 492–496.
Cardio‐ankle vascular index and circulating CD34‐positive cell levels as indicators of endothelial repair activity in older Japanese men
Authors: Shimizu Yuji , Yamanashi Hirotomo , Noguchi Yuko , Koyamatsu Jun , Nagayoshi Mako , Kiyoura Kairi , Fukui Shoichi , Tamai Mami , Kawashiri Shin‐Ya , Kondo Hideaki , Maeda Takahiro 
Published: March 2019

AimThe cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI) reflects functional arterial stiffness, which is related to endothelial dysfunction. CD34‐positive cells carry out an important function in endothelial repair. However, there have been no reports assessing the association between CAVI and the number of circulating CD34‐positive cells.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study of 249 Japanese men, aged 60–69 years, who underwent annual health checkups between 2013 and 2015. As individuals with high levels of circulating CD34‐positive cells might indicate the influence of consumptive reduction of circulating CD34‐positive cells as a result of aggressive endothelial repair, participants were stratified by circulating CD34‐positive cell levels, using the median value in this population (0.95 cells/μL) as the cut‐off.ResultsFor participants with low circulating CD34‐positive cell levels, logarithmic values of circulating CD34‐positive cells were inversely associated with CAVI (multivariable standardized parameter estimate [β] = −0.22, P = 0.014), but not for participants with high levels (β = −0.04, P = 0.638). In addition, even when no significant associations between CAVI and carotid intima‐media thickness were detected for participants with low circulating CD34‐positive cell levels (β = −0.02, P = 0.865), significant positive associations were identified for participants with high levels (β = 0.22, P = 0.028).ConclusionsAs circulating CD34‐positive cell count might indicate endothelial repair activity, the present results show that CAVI is affected by insufficient endothelial repair in individuals with low circulating CD34‐positive cell counts. Our results also show that a positive association between CAVI and carotid intima‐media thickness exists only in individuals with aggressive endothelial repair, which indicates the presence of organic arterial disease, such as atherosclerosis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 557–562.
Milk and Montasio‐type cheese fatty acid composition from cows grazing on timothy and reed canarygrass pasture or fed indoor
Authors: Lee Bae‐Hun , Corazzin Mirco , Piasentier Edi , Huh Chul‐Sung , Sung Kyung-Il , Park Seung‐Yong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the fatty acid (FA) profile of cheese and milk produced from cows grazing on timothy and reed canarygrass pasture or fed indoor. Twenty multiparous dairy cows were selected from a single farm in Pyeongchang (South Korea) and assigned to two experimental groups (TMR and PAST). TMR was kept indoor and fed with a total mixed ration, while PAST was maintained on timothy and reed canarygrass (70%–30%) pasture for 5 months (beginning of June–end of October). At approximately 6‐day interval during this period, Montasio‐type cheeses were produced for each experimental group, and at the same day, bulk milk for each group was collected. Chemical composition and FA profile of cheeses and milk and the texture of cheeses were carried out. The diet affected milk fat content, which was higher in PAST than in TMR (p < 0.05). The pasture feeding increased C18:0 (p < 0.01), C18:1n‐9cis (p < 0.01), C18:3n‐3 (p < 0.05), monounsaturated FA (p < 0.05) and n‐3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA, p < 0.05), and reduced C12:0 (p < 0.01), C16:0 (p < 0.01), C18:2n‐6cis (p < 0.05), C20:3n‐6 (p < 0.05), saturated FA (p < 0.05) and n‐6:n‐3 PUFA ratio (p < 0.01) of both milk and cheese compared with those of TMR. From FA composition point of view, pasture‐based feeding system increased the healthiness of dairy products.
Use of dabigatran with antiretrovirals
Authors: Perram J , O'Dwyer E , Holloway C 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTheoretical and untested interactions between antiretrovirals and direct‐acting oral anticoagulants have limited the use of this new class of anticoagulant in people with HIV infection. This case series, the first of its kind, reports on the successful concurrent use of the direct‐acting oral anticoagulant dabigatran and antiretroviral therapy.MethodsThis series involved 14 patients requiring anticoagulation for management of atrial fibrillation, who were either unable or unwilling to take warfarin, and who were receiving concurrent treatment for HIV infection. Participants were treated with dabigatran with dose monitoring to establish the safety and efficacy of concurrent use with antiretrovirals. All were commenced on 110 mg twice daily, increased to 150 mg twice daily if the trough level was < 69.3 ng/mL.ResultsIn the 14 patients treated with dabigatran and antiretrovirals, there were no thromboembolic or bleeding complications. Dabigatran treatment was discontinued in one patient because of undetectable dabigatran levels despite dose escalation. Dabigatran levels fell within the fivefold variance seen in the Randomized Evaluation of Long‐Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE‐LY) study at a dose of either 110 or 150 mg twice daily.ConclusionsThis case series represents the largest published population to date successfully receiving antiretroviral and direct‐acting oral anticoagulant therapy. Given the significant health care burden faced by people living with HIV, the availability of safe anticoagulant therapy without the requirement for monitoring is an important option in this patient population.
Association between grandparent coresidence and weight change among first‐grade Japanese children
Authors: Morita Ayako , Ochi Manami , Isumi Aya , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe prevalence of grandparent coresidence is increasing. However, the impact of grandparent coresidence on weight change among school‐age children remains unclear.ObjectivesThe objective of the study is to examine the association between grandparent coresidence and obesity‐related behaviours and change in body mass index (BMI) z scores among school‐age children.MethodsIn total, 3422 caregivers of first‐grade children in Adachi City, Tokyo, participated in surveys and health checkups in 2016 and 2017 with no change in their grandparent coresidence status (response rate: 80.1% and 81.4%, respectively). Association between grandparent coresidence and obesogenic dietary, physical activity, and screen‐based sedentary behaviours was measured using Poisson regression with robust error variance analysis, while change in BMI z scores was determined by linear regression and adjusting for potential covariates.ResultsGrandparent coresidence was associated with increased prevalence rate (PR) of irregular snack foods intake (PR: 1.38, 95% confidential interval (CI): 1.19, 1.61); however, children who live with grandparents showed a lower BMI z scores in the second grade (coefficient: −0.048, 95% CI: −0.094 to −0.0013) after adjustment for BMI z scores in the first grade, family sociodemographics, and obesogenic behaviours.ConclusionGrandparent coresidence is associated with lower BMI z scores among early primary school‐age Japanese children living in urban areas.
Performance comparison of mixed mode and indirect mode parallel flow forced convection solar driers for drying Curcuma zedoaria
Authors: Lakshmi Durga V. N. , Muthukumar Palanisamy , Ekka Jasinta P. , Nayak Prakash K. , Layek Apurba 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on energy and drying kinetic analyses of Curcuma zedoaria (white turmeric) dried in mixed and indirect active parallel flow solar dryers. Dryer efficiency, specific energy consumption and drying rate are studied. The overall dryer efficiency of mixed mode (MFSCD) is 26.5% higher than indirect mode (IFSCD) solar dryer. Two term model and Verma model fit best for Curcuma zedoaria drying in MFSCD and IFSCD, respectively, and Logarithmic model is quite suitable for open sun drying (OSD). The effective moisture diffusivity of the product dried under MFSCD is highest as compared to IFSCD and OSD products. The quality analyses show that higher values of TFC (78.11 mg GAE/g of sample) and DPPH (120.56 μ mol of TE/g of sample) are reported in the samples dried in MFSCD as compared to IFSCD and OSD samples.Practical applicationsConventional open sun drying is a common practice followed by small farmers for drying herbs and spices. Products dried under open sun lose their nutritional and medicinal values due to slow drying rate and improper heating. The present work focusses on the development of a low cost solar dryer for drying of high value medicinal herbs like Curcuma zedoaria, curcuma caesia, and black cardamom. Study of drying kinetics helps in improving the design aspects of solar dryer and optimization of the drying systems. Drying time of the Curcuma zedoaria dried in the developed dryer is about 60% less than the open sun drying and the retention of color, antioxidant, and texture of the solar dried products is excellent. The developed solar dryer will be suitable for small small‐scale farmers and can be scaled up to any size.