bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene‐Enhanced 3D Chemical Mapping of Biological Specimens at Near‐Atomic Resolution
Authors: Adineh Vahid R. , Zheng Changxi , Zhang Qianhui , Marceau Ross K. W. , Liu Boyin , Chen Yu , Si Kae J. , Weyland Matthew , Velkov Tony , Cheng Wenlong , Li Jian , Fu Jing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe direct imaging of individual atoms within the cellular context holds great potential for understanding the fundamental physical and chemical processes in organisms. Here, a novel approach for imaging of electrically insulated biological cells by introducing a graphene encapsulation approach to “disguise” the low‐conductivity barrier is reported. Upon successful coating using a water‐membrane‐based protocol, the electrical properties of the graphene enable voltage pulsing field evaporation for atom probe tomography (APT). Low conductive specimens prepared from both Au nanoparticles and antibiotic‐resistant bacterial cells have been tested. For the first time, a significant graphene‐enhanced APT mass resolving power is also observed confirming the improved compositional accuracy of the 3D data. The introduction of 2D materials encapsulation lays the foundation for a breakthrough direction in specimen preparation from nanomembrane and nanoscale biological architectures for subsequent 3D near‐atomic characterization.
mRNA Delivery System for Targeting Antigen‐Presenting Cells In Vivo
Authors: Fornaguera Cristina , Guerra‐Rebollo Marta , Ángel Lázaro Miguel , Castells‐Sala Cristina , Meca‐Cortés Oscar , Ramos‐Pérez Victor , Cascante Anna , Rubio Núria , Blanco Jerónimo , Borrós Salvador 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe encapsulation of mRNA in nanosystems as gene vaccines for immunotherapy purposes has experienced an exponential increase in recent years. Despite the many advantages envisaged within these approaches, their application in clinical treatments is still limited due to safety issues. These issues can be attributed, in part, to liver accumulation of most of the designed nanosystems and to the inability to transfect immune cells after an intravenous administration. In this context, this study takes advantage of the known versatile properties of the oligopeptide end‐modified poly (β‐amino esters) (OM‐PBAEs) to complex mRNA and form discrete nanoparticles. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the selection of the appropriate end‐oligopeptide modifications enables the specific targeting and major transfection of antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in vivo, after intravenous administration, thus enabling their use for immunotherapy strategies. Therefore, with this study, it can be confirmed that OM‐PBAE are appropriate systems for the design of mRNA‐based immunotherapy approaches aimed to in vivo transfect APCs and trigger immune responses to fight either tumors or infectious diseases.
Robust Expandable Carbon Nanotube Scaffold for Ultrahigh‐Capacity Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Sun Zhaowei , Jin Song , Jin Hongchang , Du Zhenzhen , Zhu Yanwu , Cao Anyuan , Ji Hengxing , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere has been a renewed interest in using lithium (Li) metal as an anode material for rechargeable batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity of 3860 mA h g−1. Despite extensive research, modifications to effectively inhibit Li dendrite growth still result in decreased Li loading and Li utilization. As a result, real capacities are often lower than values expected, if the total mass of the electrode is taken into consideration. Herein, a lightweight yet mechanically robust carbon nanotube (CNT) paper is demonstrated as a freestanding framework to accommodate Li metal with a Li mass fraction of 80.7 wt%. The highly conductive network made of sp2‐hybridized carbon effectively inhibits formation of Li dendrites and affords a favorable coulombic efficiency of >97.5%. Moreover, the Li/CNT electrode retains practical areal and gravimetric capacities of 10 mA h cm−2 and 2830 mA h g−1 (vs the mass of electrode), respectively, with 90.9% Li utilization for 1000 cycles at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. It is demonstrated that the robust and expandable nature is a distinguishing feature of the CNT paper as compared to other 3D scaffolds, and is a key factor that leads to the improved electrochemical performance of the Li/CNT anodes.
Fundamental Properties in Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Barak Yahel , Meir Itay , Shapiro Arthur , Jang Youngjin , Lifshitz Efrat 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA multidisciplinary approach for the production and characterization of colloidal quantum dots, which show great promise for implementation in modern optoelectronic applications, is described. The approach includes the design and formation of unique core/shell structures with alloy‐composed layers between the core and the shell. Such structures eliminate interfacial defects and suppress the Auger process, thus reducing the known fluorescence blinking and endowing the quantum dots with robust chemical and spectral stability. The unique design enables the generation and sustained existence of single and multiple excitons with a defined spin‐polarized emission recombination. The studies described herein implement the use of single‐dot magneto‐optical measurements and optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy, for direct identification of interfacial defects and for resolving exciton fine structure. The results are of paramount importance for a fundamental understanding of optical transitions in colloidal quantum dots, with an impact on appropriate materials design for practical applications.
Ultrathin CsPbX3 Nanowire Arrays with Strong Emission Anisotropy
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhao Liyun , Shang Qiuyu , Zhong Yangguang , Liu Zhen , Chen Jie , Zhang Zhepeng , Shi Jia , Du Wenna , Zhang Yanfeng , Chen Shulin , Gao Peng , Liu Xinfeng , Wang Xina , Zhang Qing 
Published: June 2018

Abstract1D nanowires of all‐inorganic lead halide perovskites represent a good architecture for the development of polarization‐sensitive optoelectronic devices due to their high absorption efficient, emission yield, and dielectric constants. However, among as‐fabricated perovskite nanowires with the lateral dimensions of hundreds nanometers so far, the optical anisotropy is hindered and rarely explored owing to the invalidating of electrostatic dielectric mismatch in the physical dimensions. Here, well‐aligned CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3 nanowires with thickness T down to 15 and 7 nm, respectively, are synthesized using a vapor phase van der Waals epitaxial method. Strong emission anisotropy with polarization ratio up to ≈0.78 is demonstrated in the nanowires with T < 40 nm due to the electrostatic dielectric confinement. With the increasing of thickness, the polarization ratio remarkably reduces monotonously to ≈0.17 until T ≈140 nm; and further oscillates in a small amplitude owing to the wave characteristic of light. These findings not only represent a demonstration of perovskite‐based polarization‐sensitive light sources, but also advance fundamental understanding of their polarization properties of perovskite nanowires.
Visible‐Light Induced Radical Silylation for the Synthesis of Dibenzosiloles via Dehydrogenative Cyclization
Authors: Yang Chao , Wang Jing , Li Jianhua , Ma Wenchao , An Kun , He Wei , Jiang Chao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA visible‐light induced radical silylation to dibenzosiloles from biarylhydrosilanes is described. The products were obtained in satisfactory yields under mild and water/air compatible conditions, providing an efficient and practical method for the synthesis of difunctionalized siloles by using a cheap organic dye photocatalyst. The method is tolerated by a wide range of functional groups and has a broad substrate scope. Light/dark experiments and quantum yield measurements provided support for a photocatalytic pathway rather than a chain process.magnified image
Bond−Energy−Electron Relaxation of BeN Nanoclusters and BeX Alloys
Authors: Zhou Junquan , Bo Maolin , Li Lei , Huang Zhongkai , Tian Meizi , Yao Chuang , Peng Cheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBy combining bond order‐length‐strength (BOLS) notion and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the bond−energy−electron relaxtion of BeN nanoclusters and BeX (C, S, B, Cl, Cu, Co, Te) alloys are studied. The results show that the size and shape of the Be nanoclusters will cause the binding energy (BE) shift, the local densification of electrons and quantum entrapment. Actions exemplified the atomic coordination ratio and the BE of BeX alloys can predict the quantitative information regarding the change of the bond length, local bond strain, bond energy density and atomic cohesive energy.
Origin and Perspectives of the Photochemical Activity of Nanoporous Carbons
Authors: Bandosz Teresa J. , Ania Conchi O. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEven though, owing to the complexity of nanoporous carbons' structure and chemistry, the origin of their photoactivity is not yet fully understood, the recent works addressed here clearly show the ability of these materials to absorb light and convert the photogenerated charge carriers into chemical reactions. In many aspects, nanoporous carbons are similar to graphene; their pores are built of distorted graphene layers and defects that arise from their amorphicity and reactivity. As in graphene, the photoactivity of nanoporous carbons is linked to their semiconducting, optical, and electronic properties, defined by the composition and structural defects in the distorted graphene layers that facilitate the exciton splitting and charge separation, minimizing surface recombination. The tight confinement in the nanopores is critical to avoid surface charge recombination and to obtain high photochemical quantum yields. The results obtained so far, although the field is still in its infancy, leave no doubts on the possibilities of applying photochemistry in the confined space of carbon pores in various strategic disciplines such as degradation of pollutants, solar water splitting, or CO2mitigation. Perhaps the future of photovoltaics and smart‐self‐cleaning or photocorrosion coatings is in exploring the use of nanoporous carbons.
Unconventional Nickel Nitride Enriched with Nitrogen Vacancies as a High‐Efficiency Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Bin , He Bin , Peng Hui‐Qing , Zhao Yufei , Cheng Junye , Xia Jing , Shen Jianhua , Ng Tsz‐Wai , Meng Xiangmin , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDevelopment of high‐performance and cost‐effective non‐noble metal electrocatalysts is pivotal for the eco‐friendly production of hydrogen through electrolysis and hydrogen energy applications. Herein, the synthesis of an unconventional nickel nitride nanostructure enriched with nitrogen vacancies (Ni3N1−x) through plasma‐enhanced nitridation of commercial Ni foam (NF) is reported. The self‐supported Ni3N1−x/NF electrode can deliver a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity competitive to commercial Pt/C catalyst in alkaline condition (i.e., an overpotential of 55 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1), which is much superior to the stoichiometric Ni3N, and is the best among all nitride‐based HER electrocatalysts in alkaline media reported thus far. Based on theoretical calculations, it is further verified that the presence of nitrogen vacancies effectively enhances the adsorption of water molecules and ameliorates the adsorption–desorption behavior of intermediately adsorbed hydrogen, which leads to an advanced HER activity of Ni3N1−x/NF.
Incidence and prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in FDNY first responders before and after work at the World Trade Center disaster site
Authors: Webber Mayris P. , Liu Yang , Cohen Hillel W. , Schwartz Theresa , Weiden Michael D. , Kelly Kerry , Ortiz Viola , Zeig‐Owens Rachel , Jaber Nadia , Colbeth Hilary L. , Prezant David J. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe goals of this study were to assess the impact of work at the World Trade Center (WTC) site in relation to new, post‐9/11/2001 (9/11) antibody to hepatitis C Virus (anti‐HCV); and, evaluate secular trends in WTC‐exposed male Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) Firefighters and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responders.MethodsFDNY monitors responder health through physical exams and routine blood work. We used descriptive statistics to compare trans‐9/11 and post‐9/11 incidence and to assess trends in prevalence from 2000 to 2012.ResultsTrans‐9/11 incidence of new anti‐HCV was 0.42 per 100 persons compared with post‐9/11 incidence of 0.34 (P = 0.68). Overall seroprevalence was 1.3%; rates declined from 1.79 per 100 to 0.49 per 100 over time (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsWork at the WTC was not associated with new infection. Biennial seroprevalence in responders declined over time, supporting the FDNY decision to discontinue routine annual testing in this cohort.
Dual‐Function Cobalt–Nickel Nanoparticles Tailored for High‐Temperature Induction‐Heated Steam Methane Reforming
Authors: Vinum Morten G. , Almind Mads R. , Engbæk Jakob S. , Vendelbo Søren B. , Hansen Mikkel F. , Frandsen Cathrine , Bendix Jesper , Mortensen Peter M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe tailored chemical synthesis of binary and ternary alloy nanoparticles with a uniform elemental composition is presented. Their dual use as magnetic susceptors for induction heating and catalytic agent for steam reforming of methane to produce hydrogen at temperatures near and above 800 °C is demonstrated. The heating and catalytic performance of two chemically synthesized samples of CoNi and Cu⊂CoNi are compared and held against a traditional Ni‐based reforming catalyst. The structural, magnetic, and catalytic properties of the samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, magnetometry, and reactivity measurements. For induction‐heated catalysts, the conversion rate of methane is limited by chemical reactivity, as opposed to the case of traditional externally heated reformers where heat transport limitations are the limiting factor. Catalyst production by the synthetic route allows controlled doping with miniscule concentrations of auxiliary metals.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Heck Reactions: Convenient Access to 3,3‐Disubstituted 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran
Authors: Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Xu Bing , Qian Yanyan , Wu Lizuo , Wu Yuanqi , Zhou Lujia , Liu Yu , Zhang Junliang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe first example of highly enantioselective intramolecular hydroarylation of allyl aryl ethers was realized by palladium‐catalyzed reductive heck reactions utilizing a new chiral sulfinamide phosphine ligand (N‐Me‐XuPhos). N‐Me‐XuPhos can be easily prepared on gram scale from readily available starting materials in a one‐pot synthesis approach. A series of optically active 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans bearing a quaternary stereocenter were obtained in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. The practicality of this reaction was validated in the straightforward synthesis of CB2 receptor agonists. Moreover, deuterium was efficiently incorporated into the products.
Versatile One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Cyclopent‐2‐enimines from α,β‐Unsaturated Amides: Imino‐Nazarov Reaction
Authors: Fan Ting , Wang Ao , Li Jia‐Qi , Ye Jian‐Liang , Zheng Xiao , Huang Pei‐Qiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe imino‐Nazarov cyclization of the polysubstituted pentan‐1,4‐diene‐3‐imines was realized. To this aim, a one‐pot procedure involving reductive alkenyliminylation of α,β‐unsaturated secondary amides with potassium organotrifluoroborates, followed by acid‐catalyzed imino‐Nazarov cyclization of the polysubstituted pentan‐1,4‐diene‐3‐imine intermediates, was studied systematically. This mild, operationally simple, flexible, and high‐yielding protocol efficiently affords polysubstituted pentan‐1,4‐diene‐3‐imines, cyclopentenimines, and α‐amino cyclopentenones, which are useful scaffolds in organic synthesis. The substituent effect at the C2 position of the polysubstituted pentan‐1,4‐diene‐3‐imines was studied by means of density‐functional theory calculations. Results suggested that the electron‐donating group facilitates the imino‐Nazarov cyclization process.
A Deprotonation Approach to the Unprecedented Amino‐Trimethylenemethane Chemistry: Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Synthesis of Complex Amino Cycles
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Wang Youliang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe first realization of the amino‐trimethylenemethane chemistry is reported using a deprotonation strategy to simplify the synthesis of the amino‐trimethylenemethane donor in two steps from commercial and inexpensive materials. A broad scope of cycloaddition acceptors (seven different classes) participated in the chemistry, chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectively generating various types of highly valuable complex amino cycles. Multiple derivatization reactions that further elaborated the initial amino cycles were performed without isolation of the crude product. Ultimately, we applied the amino‐trimethylenemethane chemistry to synthesize a potential pharmaceutical in 8 linear steps and 7.5 % overall yield, which previously was achieved in 18 linear steps and 0.6 % overall yield.
The use of starch‐modified magnetic Fe0 nanoparticles for naphthalene adsorption from water samples: Adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Malekzadeh Maryam , Nejaei Arezoo , Baneshi Mohammad Mehdi , Kokhdan Esmaeel Panahi , Bardania Hassan 
Published: June 2018

This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of starch‐modified magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of naphthalene, which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon present in the majority of water sediments, from water resources. Magnetic Fe0 nanoparticles have recently been considered because of their high efficiency for contaminant removal. In the present study, Fe0 nanoparticles were synthesized using sulfate method and starch was used as a stabilizer. The size of the Fe0 nanoparticles was measured as approximately 45 nm using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The removal efficiency of naphthalene from water using the nanoparticles was evaluated based on various factors including the viscosity of naphthalene dissolved in water, and operation factors such as nanoparticle dosage, contact time, initial naphthalene concentration and pH in non‐continuous reactors were optimized. The results revealed that the starch‐modified nanoparticles have high efficiency for removal of dissolved naphthalene from aqueous solution. Under the optimum conditions, more than 99% of naphthalene at a pH of 5.0 with nanoparticle dosage of 0.05 g was removed from aqueous solution in 5 min. The equilibrium adsorption data were interpreted in terms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models and the goodness of fit was inspected using linear regression analysis. Our results indicated that the Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity was best fitted, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Moreover, it was found that the adsorption process followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. In addition, a thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process of naphthalene from aqueous solution by the starch‐modified nanoparticles was spontaneous and exothermic.
Effect of phosphotungstic acid blending on properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)–poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked membranes
Authors: Kumari Mamta , Sodaye Hemant S. , Bindal Ramesh C. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis study shows the effect of phosphotungstic acid (PWA) blended into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) crosslinked membrane on the membrane's electrochemical and mechanical properties. The PWA weight percentage was varied from 0 to 50%. All of the membranes were equilibrated with water at room temperature (27 °C) and elevated temperature (60 °C), and their properties were investigated. A scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X‐ray was used to ascertain the tungsten concentration remaining in the membrane after water treatment. A systematic decrease in tungsten concentration was seen with the increase in the initial PWA percentage. The membrane blended with 10% PWA showed the best properties, having the highest conductivity (0.11 S cm−1), mechanical strength, and chemical stability. Membranes with 10% PWA and without PWA were studied in a H2/O2 fuel cell. The membrane blended with 10% PWA gave 33% more power density than the membrane without PWA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46667.
Meeting in the space between us
Authors: Finnane Kieran 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlice Springs can be described as a “contact zone”, where power relations are highly asymmetrical but at the same time there are spaces for alternative possibilities. This paper looks first at examples of Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people striving to be in community with one another, a community situated in the space between us, where we must go to meet and endeavor to recognize one another. It also looks at examples of Aboriginal people seeking to be seen and heard in court, demanding recognition, and the way this has played out in the context of serious criminal trials and community reaction to them. In our contact zone in the foreseeable future the push and pull between oppressive, damaging forces and transformative ones will continue. Bringing to the fore the latter, recognizing them, will surely help shift the balance.
Research into Establishing an Aboriginal Men's Shed within the Central Australian Region
Authors: Lechleitner Pangarta Kenneth 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the work of the Kurruna Mwarre Ingkintja – Good Spirit Males Place – Men's Shed Research Project. Aboriginal men have been the subject of much research, however it is rare for them to control how the research is conducted or what subsequently happens with research findings. The Men's Shed Research Project recognizes the “whispered” position of the men, how they “lose their voice” in the legal system and how they “suffer in silence.” Helping the men to regain their voice is having positive outcomes and has led to the development of a Male Leadership Group, the establishment of Blokes on Track Corporation and development of plans to teach “cultural civics” to empower Aboriginal men to live successfully in two worlds.
The Legal and Political Journey to Recognition
Authors: Dreyfus Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses recognition from the legal and political perspective, particularly in relation to a referendum on amending Australia's constitution to recognize Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It reflects on the significant changes in thinking from the time when Europeans had arrived in Australia, declared the land “terra nullius” and the constitution was written based on this premise. Since 1901, only eight of 44 changes that were put to Australians via referendum have been successful. The difficulty faced by the “Recognize” campaign is discussed in this light, as well as the need for strong, bi‐partisan political leadership and a groundswell of community support in order to deliver a positive outcome for a referendum.