bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information and the Reconstruction of Quantum Physics
Authors: Jaeger Gregg 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe reconstruction of quantum physics has been connected with the interpretation of the quantum formalism, and has continued to be so with the recent deeper consideration of the relation of information to quantum states and processes. This recent form of reconstruction has mainly involved conceiving quantum theory on the basis of informational principles, providing new perspectives on physical correlations and entanglement that can be used to encode information. By contrast to the traditional, interpretational approach to the foundations of quantum mechanics, which attempts directly to establish the meaning of the elements of the theory and often touches on metaphysical issues, the newer, more purely reconstructive approach sometimes defers this task, focusing instead on the mathematical derivation of the theoretical apparatus from simple principles or axioms. In its most pure form, this sort of theory reconstruction is fundamentally the mathematical derivation of the elements of theory from explicitly presented, often operational principles involving a minimum of extra‐mathematical content. Here, a representative series of specifically information‐based treatments—from partial reconstructions that make connections with information to rigorous axiomatizations, including those involving the theories of generalized probability and abstract systems—is reviewed.
The Influence of Distant Substrates on the Outcome of Contact Electrification
Authors: Siek Marta , Adamkiewicz Witold , Sobolev Yaroslav I. , Grzybowski Bartosz A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe magnitudes of the charges developed on contact‐electrified polymers depend on not only the properties of these materials but also the nature of distant substrates on which the polymers are supported. In particular, image charges induced in conductive substrates can decrease charges on the polymers by arc discharge through the surrounding gas. This mode of charge dissipation occurs on timescales of milliseconds and can be prevented by insulating the sharp edges of the conductive supports.
β‐Aminoacrylate Synthetic Hydrogels: Easily Accessible and Operationally Simple Biomaterials Networks
Authors: Fenton Owen S. , Andresen Jason L. , Paolini Marion , Langer Robert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of new material platforms can improve our ability to study biological processes. Here, we developed a water‐compatible variant of a click‐like polymerization between alkynoates and secondary amines to form β‐aminoacrylate synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) based hydrogels. These materials are easy to access—PEG alkynoate was synthesized on a 100 gram scale and the amines were available commercially; these materials are also operationally simple to formulate—gel formation occurred upon simple mixing of precursor solutions without the need for initiators, catalysts, nor specialized equipment. Three‐dimensional cell culture experiments also indicated cytocompatibility of these gels with >90 % viability retained in THP‐1 and NIH/3T3 cells after 72 hours in culture. This hydrogel system therefore represents an alternative platform to other click and click‐like hydrogels with improved accessibility and user‐friendliness for biomaterials application.
Die Bauwerksrobustheit im Kontext eines risikobasierten Erhaltungsmanagements
Authors: Akkermann Jan , Weiler Simon , Bödefeld Jörg , Meier Jochen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDer Zustand der in die Jahre gekommenen Bauwerke an Bundeswasserstraßen verlangt umfangreiche Maßnahmen, von Instandsetzung bis Neubau. Aufgrund von Ressourcenengpässen und langen Projektlaufzeiten können nicht alle erforderlichen Maßnahmen durchgeführt werden. Deshalb ist eine objektivierte Priorisierung einzelner Bauwerke und Netzabschnitte erforderlich. Bei einem risikobasierten Erhaltungsmanagement erfolgt die Bauwerksbewertung von zwei Seiten: vonseiten der Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit, bestimmt durch den Zustand des Bauwerks und seine Robustheit, und vonseiten der Versagensfolgen. Zur Beschreibung der Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit ist eine ausschließlich zustandsbasierte Betrachtung von Bauwerksschäden, die in der Vergangenheit favorisiert wurde, nicht alleine ausschlaggebend. Aus der Verbindung von festgestellten Schäden und genereller bautechnischer Robustheit ergibt sich eine erweiterte Zustandsbewertung, die eine qualitative Aussage zur Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit ermöglicht. Es wird eine neu entwickelte Vorgehensweise zur standardisierten Robustheitsbewertung in Kombination mit für Verkehrswasserbauwerke typischen Schäden vorgestellt und an praktischen Beispielen demonstriert.
Improving the Design of Synthetic Oligonucleotide Probes by Fluorescence Melting Assay
Authors: Furlan Ilaria , Domljanovic Ivana , Uhd Jesper , Astakhova Kira 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNucleic acid hybridisation plays a key role in many biological processes, including transcription, translation, and regulation of gene expression. Several sophisticated applications rely on this fundamental interaction, including the polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and gene therapy. To target a nucleic acid sequence specifically, synthetic oligonucleotides with a suitable affinity and specificity towards the target need to be designed. The affinity of potential probes or therapeutic agents to their target sequence is generally investigated by melting experiments, which break the hydrogen‐bonding and stacking interactions that stabilise the double helix resulting in the formation of two single strands. In this paper, we report a comparative study of hybridisation for short fluorescent oligonucleotides labelled with cyanine and ATTO dyes, performed by the currently used UV melting assay and by a more sensitive fluorescence melting experiment. Using different oligonucleotide sequences in the concentration range of 5 nm to 2 μm, we observed a stabilising effect of the fluorophores on the duplexes, especially at low concentrations. We paid particular attention to the effect of polycations and to molecular crowding as major parameters that define the stability and the geometry of nucleic acid duplexes in biological samples. We also demonstrated how the fluorometry‐based melting data could aid the design of a probe targeting a human BRAF gene fragment to reduce the off‐target binding by a factor of seven.
A Catch‐and‐Release Approach to Selective Modification of Accessible Tyrosine Residues
Authors: Allan Christopher , Kosar Miroslav , Burr Christina V. , Mackay C. Logan , Duncan Rory R. , Hulme Alison N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe tyrosine side chain is amphiphilic leading to significant variations in the surface exposure of tyrosine residues in the folded structure of a native sequence protein. This variability can be exploited to give residue‐selective functionalization of a protein substrate by using a highly reactive diazonium group tethered to an agarose‐based resin. This novel catch‐and‐release approach to protein modification has been demonstrated for proteins with accessible tyrosine residues, which are compared with a control group of proteins in which there are no accessible tyrosine residues. MS analysis of the modified proteins showed that functionalization was highly selective, but reactivity was further attenuated by the electrostatic environment of any individual residue. Automated screening of PDB structures allows identification of potential candidates for selective modification by comparison with the accessibility of the tyrosine residue in a benchmark peptide (GYG).
DNM1 Mutation in a child associated with progressive bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis
Authors: Lazzara Alexandra , Asghar Sheila , Zacharia Thomas , Byler Debra 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageThis case represents a novel association of a DNM1 gene mutation with status epilepticus and progressive bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis. This could have future implications for treatment in patients with DNM1 mutation and refractory epilepsy as the mesial temporal sclerosis may become bilateral, making the patient a poor surgical candidate.
An evident asymmetrical uterus during cesarean delivery
Authors: Kakigano Aiko , Matsuzaki Shinya , Jitsumori Mariko , Mimura Kazuya , Endo Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageIf an obstetrician determines the presence of an asymmetrical uterus during cesarean delivery, the likelihood of an interstitial pregnancy complicated by placenta accreta should be considered. The figures in this article should help advance the current knowledge about a rare type of full‐term interstitial pregnancy complicated by placenta accreta.
Congenital Zika syndrome phenotype in a child born in Brazil in December 2011
Authors: Coelho Katia E. F. A. , Silva Grasiele L. C. C. , Pinho Suely F. , de Carvalho Alessandra L. , Petter Cristian M. , Brandi Ivar V. 
Published: September 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe report a case of a Brazilian child born in 2011 with congenital Zika syndrome phenotype. Zika virus (ZIKV) may have been circulating in Brazil more than 4 years before the outbreak. ZIKV infection might be considered in children with this phenotype even without known circulation of ZIKV.
Iodo‐Functionalized Salicylideneimine‐Boron Complexes: Synthesis and Photosensitized Degradation of Organic Water Pollutants
Authors: Shah Sanchita , Bajaj Ashima , Shibu Abhishek , Ali Md. Ehesan , Neelakandan Prakash P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBoron‐containing organic compounds are reported to have excellent luminescent properties, however, their ability to photosensitize singlet oxygen generation remains unexplored. The synthesis of several Schiff‐base based boranils is reported, starting from commercially available salicylaldehydes and anilines. The iodo‐functionalized derivatives were observed to aid in the photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen. Poly(methylmethacrylate) films incorporating these molecules were prepared and were demonstrated to be capable of serving as a reusable heterogeneous medium for the photosensitized degradation of organic water pollutants.
Constructing Stable π‐Dimers: Two Parallel Pancake π–π Bonds
Authors: Gao Feng‐Wei , Zhong Rong‐Lin , Xu Hong‐Liang , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStable phenalenyl (PLY) radical π‐dimers still play an important role for new multifunctional materials owing to their intriguing molecular structure and unusual pancake π–π bonding mode. Herein, we design a new biphenalenyl biradicaloid (1) consisting of two PLYs and one benzene ring linkage tethered by single bonds, which presents an open‐shell character. Further, three π‐dimers (a1, b1, and c1) combined with 1 and conventional biphenalenyl biradicaloid (a, b, and c), which are capable of forming two staggered PLY dimers, exhibiting a short interlayer distance between the monomers. Interestingly, the analysis of the frontier molecular orbital reveals that two bonding orbitals, namely, the two highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and HOMO−1) are doubly occupied. The results reveal that three π‐dimers display two parallel pancake bonds. Moreover, they have small diradical and tetraradical characters, large interaction energies, and strong aromaticity, which indicate the stability of these π‐dimers. The present work creates a new class of strong pancake bonding and might be utilized in devising an array of materials.
Preparation of Ligand‐Targeted Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy and Their Evaluation In Vitro
Authors: Krishnan Mena Asha , Sengupta Sagnik , Chelvam Venkatesh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPresent treatment strategies focus on minimizing unwanted toxicity to healthy cells during chemotherapeutic treatment. This is achieved by developing strategies to selectively deliver drugs to malignant cells over‐expressing specific protein biomarkers. The drugs are attached via a self‐immolative linker to a small molecule homing ligand having affinity for protein biomarkers over‐expressed during disease states. Several such targeting‐ligand drug conjugates have now reached preclinical and clinical trials, and this article aims to show a general methodology to prepare the same. Using solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) methodology, the targeting ligand is covalently linked to a peptide spacer having appropriate hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids. The targeting ligand–attached peptide spacer is next conjugated with the required drug molecule through a cleavable disulfide bond in a solution‐phase reaction. This protocol further elucidates the step‐by‐step procedures to be followed for complete evaluation of newly synthesized ligand‐targeted drug conjugates in vitro. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
First‐in‐Human Studies for a Selective RET Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, GSK3179106, to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Cooper Melisa , O'Connor‐Semmes Robin , Reedy Beth Ann , Hacquoil Kimberley , Gorycki Peter , Pannullo Kristen , Verticelli Adeline , Shakib Sepehr 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRearranged during transfection (RET), a neuronal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, regulates the development of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, motor, and sensory neurons in the enteric nervous system. GSK3179106 is a RET kinase inhibitor that was administered in double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled single‐dose and repeat‐dose studies in healthy subjects to investigate its pharmacokinetics and safety/tolerability. In the single‐dose study (n = 16), GSK3179106 was dosed from 10 mg to 800 mg, including a food effect arm. In the repeat‐dose study (n = 46), GSK3179106 was dosed for 14 days with food once daily (QD) from 5 mg to 100 mg and twice daily (BID) at 100 mg and 200 mg. With single fasted doses, bioavailability was low and less than dose proportional. A significant food effect was observed with a 100‐mg QD dose. Drug exposure after QD and BID repeat dosing with food showed dose dependency up to 100 mg but was not dose proportional. There were no significant differences in exposure between 100‐mg and 200‐mg BID doses of GSK3179106. Accumulation was observed with both QD and BID dosing. Single doses up to 800 mg and repeat doses up to 400 mg were well tolerated with no safety concerns in healthy subjects.
Does climate change and plant phenology research neglect the Arctic tundra?
Authors: Diepstraten Rianne A. E. , Jessen Tyler D. , Fauvelle Catherine M. D. , Musiani Marco M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhenology, the annual timing of naturally recurring events in animals and plants, is exhibiting significant changes in response to climate change. Drastic shifts in the timing of plant activity have been observed in high‐latitude environments in particular, which are exposed to the greatest amount of warming. Taking into consideration the importance of plant growth and seasonal availability for the whole ecosystem, we would hope that ample research is conducted on the impacts of climate change on plant phenology in the Arctic tundra. We provide a geographic and temporal overview of research relating to impacts of climate change on plant phenology and investigate whether the Arctic tundra is receiving the research attention that appears warranted due to the rapid warming and large expected changes in this biome. We conducted a literature search for articles using the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science and evaluated focus on biomes, and temporal trends for 2000–2015. We found that the tundra was one of the least researched biomes, when compared to all other biomes. Proportional to the land surface the tundra covers, significantly less research in North America has been devoted to this biome than expected, while profusion of research in Europe was as expected. Additionally, we found that in the past sixteen years, despite the increase in the number of articles published relating to climate change and plant phenology, the proportion of the research devoted to the tundra decreased over time. Our findings also indicate that more work is being done on plant phenology and climate change in lower latitudes. We suggest that the results of this analysis are due to three non‐insurmountable obstacles (access, expense, and complexity) and provide practical suggestions for increased investment in climate change and plant phenology research in the otherwise neglected Arctic tundra.
Using a final ecosystem goods and services approach to support policy analysis
Authors: Sinha Paramita , Ringold Paul , Van Houtven George , Krupnick Alan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEvaluating environmental policies requires estimating the impacts of policy‐induced changes on ecological and human systems. Drawing connections between biophysical and economic models is complex due to the multidisciplinary nature of the task and the lack of data. Further, time and resource constraints typically limit our ability to conduct original valuation studies to fit the specific policy context. Policy analysts thus rely on methods to transfer and adapt value estimates from existing studies. To conduct end‐to‐end policy analysis, assumptions are needed to make the linkages between ecological and valuation models as well as to conduct benefit transfers. This paper discusses an approach that can potentially help a policy analyst to minimize assumptions and identify appropriate caveats. This approach focuses on what human beings truly value from ecosystems, or, in other words, metrics of Final Ecosystem Goods and Services (FEGS). Our hypothesis is that the FEGS approach will help support policy analysis by drawing important linkages between ecological and economic models as well as by designing valuation studies that will be more conducive to benefit transfers. To examine this hypothesis, we use a selected set of existing valuation studies as case study examples, and we examine how the methods used in these studies compare with the FEGS approach. We find that the studies are not always consistent with the FEGS approach, in many cases due to data limitations. We illustrate ways in which using FEGS metrics can provide economists with a useful starting point for considering how the commodity can be defined and specified in the valuation study. Even if data limitations exist, a FEGS approach can help in determining whether the context in which the original study was conducted matches with the policy context. This can also help in determining the extent of uncertainty associated with the analysis and in providing transparent documentation that can be informative for policy makers.
Synchronous species responses reveal phenological guilds: implications for management
Authors: Browning Dawn M. , Crimmins Theresa M. , James Darren K. , Spiegal Sheri , Levi Matthew R. , Anderson John P. , Peters Debra P. C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhenological studies are critical for understanding the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to respond to changes in climate. Monitoring seasonal transitions at the species or community level across large areas is challenging and expensive. One approach for lowering costs is to identify phenological guilds—groups of species that exhibit similar timing of seasonal transitions—and limit monitoring to a smaller number of species within a guild. In this study, we evaluated 23 consecutive years of monthly observations of individual species at 15 long‐term study sites at the Jornada Basin USDA‐Long‐Term Ecological Research site to identify patterns in the onset of three phenophases—leaf‐out, flower, and fruit—of 16 widely occurring species in the arid southwestern United States and to investigate the existence of phenological guilds. We conducted univariate analyses of distributions in the timing of leaf, flower, and fruit production across time and space and multivariate cluster analysis of the time series to identify coherent groups of species–site instances that exhibit coherence in timing of phenophase onsets (i.e., guilds). The six species of C3 shrubs demonstrated greater consistency in timing of all phenophases relative to C4 grasses. Further, we found that in all species, leaf‐out occurred prior to the onset of the summer monsoon rains. Cluster analysis revealed six groups of species–site observations demonstrating high within‐year concordance in timing of leaf‐out and first fruit across variable site conditions and rainfall years. The six groups for timing of first fruit differed from those for first leaf in that they exhibited greater multi‐species membership and within‐year variability in timing. We propose that use of phenological guilds can improve the efficiency of ecosystem monitoring, predictive models of ecosystem cues driving phenological events, and land management outcomes.
Use of landscape simulation modeling to quantify resilience for ecological applications
Authors: Keane Robert E. , Loehman Rachel A. , Holsinger Lisa M. , Falk Donald A. , Higuera Philip , Hood Sharon M. , Hessburg Paul F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGoals of fostering ecological resilience are increasingly used to guide U.S. public land management in the context of anthropogenic climate change and increasing landscape disturbances. There are, however, few operational means of assessing the resilience of a landscape or ecosystem. We present a method to evaluate resilience using simulation modeling. In this method, we use historical conditions (e.g., in North America, prior to European settlement), quantified using simulation modeling, to provide a comparative reference for contemporary conditions, where substantial departures indicate loss of resilience. Contemporary ecological conditions are compared statistically to the historical time series to create a resilience index, which can be used to prioritize landscapes for treatment and inform possible treatments. However, managing for resilience based on historical conditions is tenuous in the Anthropocene, which is characterized by rapid climate change, extensive human land use, altered disturbance regimes, and exotic species introductions. To account for the future variability of ecosystems resulting from climate and disturbance regime shifts, we augment historical simulations with simulations of ecosystem dynamics under projected climate and land use changes to assess the degree of departure from benchmark historical conditions. We use a mechanistic landscape model (FireBGCv2) applied to a large landscape in western Montana,USA, to illustrate the methods presented in this paper. Spatially explicit ecosystem modeling provides the vehicle to generate the historical and future time series needed to quantify potential resilience conditions associated with past and potential future conditions. Our methods show that given selection of a useful set of metrics, managers could use simulations like ours to evaluate potential future management directions.