bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and adverse effects of topical chloramphenicol ointment use for surgical wounds: a systematic review
Authors: Shen Amanda Y. , Haddad Elie J. , Hunter‐Smith David J. , Rozen Warren M. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundChloramphenicol ointment is often used in plastic and dermatologic surgery as a topical antibiotic for surgical wounds, but evidence regarding its efficacy and side effects is lacking. In addition, anecdotal fear of aplastic anaemia exists from the oral use of this drug. We performed a systematic review of the literature to assess the efficacy and side effect profile of topical chloramphenicol ointment on non‐ocular surgical wounds.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from inception until 4 September 2017 was undertaken. Clinical studies of topical chloramphenicol ointment use on surgical wounds were included. Studies looking only at ocular use or those not available in full text or English were excluded. The review was conducted adhering to PRISMA guidelines.ResultsAfter full‐text review, five articles were included. Two were randomized controlled trials, one was retrospective case control and two were case studies. There was evidence that chloramphenicol ointment use on surgical wounds produced a non‐statistically significant reduction in infection rates. Delayed hypersensitivity and acute oesophagitis were noted as potential side effects of non‐ocular topical use. Aplastic anaemia was not reported.ConclusionThere is a paucity of clinical data regarding the use of topical chloramphenicol ointment on surgical wounds. Further randomized controlled trials may be beneficial in order to support or refute its use in this setting.
A tale of two cities: prehospital intubation with or without paralysing agents for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bendinelli Cino , Ku Dominic , Nebauer Shane , King Kate L. , Howard Teresa , Gruen Russel , Evans Tiffany , Fitzgerald Mark , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe role of prehospital endotracheal intubation (PETI) for traumatic brain injury is unclear. In Victoria, paramedics use rapid sequence induction (RSI) drugs to facilitate PETI, while in New South Wales (NSW) they do not have access to paralysing agents. We hypothesized that RSI would both increase PETI rates and improve mortality.MethodsRetrospective comparison of adult primary admissions (Glasgow Coma Scale <9 and abbreviated injury scale head and neck >2) to either Victorian or NSW trauma centre, which were compared with univariate and logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratio for mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐two Victorian and 91 NSW patients did not differ in: demographics (males: 77% versus 79%; P = 0.7 and age: 34 (18–88) versus 33 (18–85); P = 0.7), Glasgow Coma Scale (3 (3–8) versus 5 (3–8); P = 0.07), and injury severity score (38 (26–75) versus 35 (18–75); P = 0.09), prehospital hypotension (15.4% versus 11.7%; P = 0.5) and desaturation (14.6% versus 17.5%; P = 0.5). Victorians had higher abbreviated injury scale head and neck (5 (4–5) versus 5 (3–6); P = 0.04) and more often successful PETI (85% versus 22%; P < 0.05). On logistic regression analysis, mortality did not differ among groups (31.7% versus 26.3%; P = 0.34; OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.38–1.86; P = 0.67). Among survivors, Victorians had longer stay in ICU (364 (231–486) versus 144 (60–336) h), a difference that persisted on gamma regression (effect = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.30–1.92; P < 0.05).ConclusionParamedics using RSI to obtain PETI in patients with traumatic brain injury had a higher success rate. This increase in successful PETI rate was not associated with an improvement in either mortality rate or ICU length of stay.
Trends over time in congenital malformations in live‐born children conceived after assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Henningsen Anna‐Karina A. , Bergh Christina , Skjaerven Rolv , Tiitinen Aila , Wennerholm Ulla‐Britt , Romundstad Liv B. , Gissler Mika , Opdahl Signe , Nyboe Andersen Anders , Lidegaard Øjvind , Forman Julie L. , Pinborg Anja 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionChildren born after assisted reproductive technology, particularly singletons, have been shown to have an increased risk of congenital malformations compared with children born after spontaneous conception. We wished to study whether there has been a change in the past 20 years in the risk of major congenital malformations in children conceived after assisted reproductive technology compared with children spontaneously conceived.Material and methodsPopulation‐based cohort study including 90 201 assisted reproductive technology children and 482 552 children spontaneously conceived, born in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Both singletons and twins born after in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmatic sperm injection and frozen embryo transfer were included. Data on children were taken from when the national Nordic assisted reproductive technology registries were established until 2007. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risks and adjusted odds ratios for congenital malformations in four time periods: 1988–1992, 1993–1997, 1998–2002 and 2003–2007. Only major malformations were included.ResultsThe absolute risk for singletons of being born with a major malformation was 3.4% among assisted reproductive technology children vs. 2.9% among children spontaneously conceived during the study period. The relative risk of being born with a major congenital malformation between all assisted reproductive technology children and children spontaneously conceived remained similar through all four time periods (p = 0.39). However, we found that over time the number of children diagnosed with a major malformation increased in both groups across all four time periods.ConclusionWhen comparing children conceived after assisted reproductive technology and spontaneously conceived, the relative risk of being born with a major congenital malformation did not change during the study period.
Patient‐Specific Atrial Hemodynamics of a Double Lumen Neonatal Cannula in Correct Caval Position
Authors: Muhammad Jamil , Rezaeimoghaddam Mohammad , Cakmak Bilgesu , Rasooli Reza , Salihoglu Ece , Yıldız Yahya , Pekkan Kerem 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClinical success of pediatric veno‐venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with the double lumen cannula cardiovascular device design as well as its anatomic orientation in the atrium. The positions of cannula ports with respect to the vena cavae and the tricuspid valve are believed to play a significant role on device hemodynamics. Despite various improvements in ECMO catheters, especially for the neonatal and congenital heart patients, it is still challenging to select a catalogue size that would fit to most patients optimally. In effect, the local unfavorable blood flow characteristics of the cannula would translate to an overall loss of efficiency of the ECMO circuit. In this study, the complex flow regime of a neonatal double lumen cannula, positioned in a patient‐specific right atrium, is presented for the first time in literature. A pulsatile computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver that is validated for cardiovascular device flow regimes was used to perform the detailed flow, oxygenated blood transport, and site‐specific blood damage analysis using an integrated cannula and right atrium model. A standard 13Fr double lumen cannula was scanned using micro‐CT, reconstructed and simulated under physiologic flow conditions. User defined scalar transport equations allowed the quantification of the mixing and convection of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood as well as blood residence times and hemolysis build‐up. Site‐specific CFD analysis provided key insight into the hemodynamic challenges encountered in cannula design and the associated intra‐atrial flow patterns. Due to neonatal flow conditions, an ultra high velocity infusion jet emanated from the infusion port and created a zone of major recirculation in the atrium. This flow regime influenced the delivery of the oxygenated blood to the tricuspid valve. Elevated velocities and complex gradients resulted in higher wall shear stresses (WSS) particularly at the infusion port having the highest value followed by the aspiration hole closest to the drainage port. Our results show that, in a cannula that is perfectly oriented in the atrium, almost 38% of the oxygenated blood is lost to the atrial circulation while only half of the blood from inferior vena cava (IVC) can reach to the tricuspid valve. As such, approximately 6% of venous blood from superior vena cava (SVC) can be delivered to tricuspid. High values of hemolysis index were observed with blood damage encountered around infusion hole (0.025%). These results warrant further improvements in the cannula design to achieve optimal performance of ECMO and better patient outcomes.
Is fascial defect closure with intraperitoneal onlay mesh superior to standard intraperitoneal onlay mesh for laparoscopic repair of large incisional hernia?
Authors: Suwa Katsuhito , Okamoto Tomoyoshi , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe ideal surgical technique for large incisional hernia repair has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical outcomes of standard intraperitoneal onlay mesh (sIPOM) versus fascial defect closure with intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM‐Plus) for large incisional hernia repair.MethodsOf 49 patients who underwent laparoscopic incisional hernia repair between November 2005 and December 2016, 26 cases with large incisional hernia (transverse diameter ≥10 cm) were examined to compare surgical outcomes between sIPOM (n = 12) and IPOM‐Plus (n = 14). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test and Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsWe compared sIPOM with IPOM‐Plus for similar hernia types during median follow‐up periods of 53 and 21 months, respectively. The operation time was 150 min for sIPOM and 148 min for IPOM‐Plus (P = 0.6220). Early postoperative complications including seroma formation were observed in four sIPOM patients (33%) and three IPOM‐Plus patients (21%) (P = 0.6652). Significantly more mesh bulged with sIPOM than with IPOM‐Plus (50% vs 0%; P = 0.0082). Chronic pain lasting 3 months after the operation was found in two cases of IPOM‐Plus (14%), but this was not statistically significant. Postoperative hospital stay was longer for sIPOM patients than for IPOM‐Plus patients. Only one recurrence was observed in the sIPOM group (8%), but this was not statistically significant.ConclusionFor large incisional hernia repair, IPOM‐Plus seems to be more effective than sIPOM in terms of reducing mesh bulging.
Epigastric hernia contiguous with the laparoscopic port site after endoscopic robotic total prostatectomy
Authors: Moriwaki Yoshihiro , Otani Jun , Okuda Junzo , Maemoto Ryo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBoth laparoscopic and endoscopic robotic surgery are widely accepted for many abdominal surgeries. However, the port site for the laparoscope cannot be easily sutured without defect, particularly in the cranial end; this can result in a port‐site incisional hernia and trigger the progressive thinning and stretching of the linea alba, leading to epigastric hernia. In the present case, we encountered an epigastric hernia contiguous with an incisional scar at the port site from a previous endoscopic robotic total prostatectomy. Abdominal ultrasound and CT revealed that the width of the linea alba was 30–48 mm. Previous CT images prepared before endoscopic robotic prostatectomy had shown a thinning of the linea alba. We should be aware of the possibility of epigastric hernia after laparoscopic and endoscopic robotic surgery. In laparoscopic and endoscopic robotic surgery for a high‐risk patient for epigastric hernia, we should consider additional sutures cranial to the port‐site incision to prevent of an epigastric hernia.
Impairment Losses: The Impact of First‐time Adoption of the Accounting Standardisation System in Portugal
Authors: Oliveira Jonas , Azevedo Graça , Oliveira Bertina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPortugal has been recognised as a code law country, with weak legal enforcement mechanisms and conservative accounting practices. However, since 2005, Portuguese companies have been changing their financial reporting practices to those based on common law institutional logic. In 2010, unlisted Portuguese companies began to apply a new set of accounting standards called the Accounting Standardisation System (Sistema de Normalização Contabilística – SNC) based on International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This paper seeks to analyse the impact of the first‐time adoption of the SNC with regard to the accounting treatment of impairment losses. It is found that, to mitigate political costs associated with their public visibility, larger companies present more credible financial statements that reflect their overall true financial and economic condition. This study is a valuable contribution to both users of financial information and domestic standard setters to help them understand and improve the impact of accounting standards. Consistent with Khalil and Simon (2014), it also contributes to the debate on the optimal flexibility permitted by IFRS to improve reporting quality and reduce earnings management.
Interlock Concentration and Analyst Forecast Accuracy: Value Implications of Interlock
Authors: Han Jie , Liu Ling 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFrom the perspective of information commonalities among firms with director interlock relationships, this study mainly investigates the outcomes of earnings forecasts by analysts who choose to concentrate on interlocked firms (analysts following both a firm and its interlocked partner firm in their research portfolio). Using interlocked A‐share firms listed in the Chinese Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2008 to 2013 as samples, we empirically find that analysts who concentrate on interlocked firms produce more accurate earnings forecasts than analysts who do not. In additional analysis, we also find that analysts with an interlock concentration provide superior earnings forecast quality for other non‐interlocked firms in their research portfolios. Finally, through examining the market reaction to interlocked firms, we find that analysts with an interlock concentration provide new information and improve information efficiency for the capital market.
The Perceptions and Determinants of Auditing and Reporting Quality in the Asia‐Pacific Region
Authors: Boolaky Pran K. , Soobaroyen Teerooven , Quick Reiner 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA country's institutional environment significantly influences perceptions of auditing and reporting quality (ARQ) at the national level. Relying on a relatively unique measure of ARQ, collated by the World Economic Forum, we evaluate the influence of nine key isomorphic pressures on the ARQ in 26 Asia‐Pacific countries. The results suggest that six of these (the efficacy of the corporate board, securities exchange regulations, reliance on professional management, protection of minority interests, adoption of international financial reporting and prevalence of foreign ownership) have a highly significant influence on the perception of ARQ whereas adoption of international standards on auditing is only moderately significant. However, contrary to expectations, our findings do not support the argument that the efficiency of legal frameworks and political systems significantly influences the perceptions of auditing and reporting quality in the Asia‐Pacific region. These results should be of use to investors and the accounting profession in evaluating economic environments.
If You Can Measure It, You Can Manage It: A Case of Intellectual Capital
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Dumay John , Massaro Maurizio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite the great importance attributed to intellectual capital (IC) in the past two decades or so, its measurement and management have remained elusive, mainly because of inappropriate prior models of IC measurement. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to make adjustments to an existing model, the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC), and to present an adjusted‐VAIC model to measure IC. We tested our new model on data from 10 emerging and developed world markets and obtained more consistent results than prior studies. Our results indicate a significant positive relationship between IC and its components (human, innovation and physical capitals) and firm performance. Therefore, the adjusted‐VAIC model can be used with confidence to measure IC. Our study has important implications for both academia and industry concerning the measurement of IC.
How Does Unobserved Heterogeneity Affect Value Relevance?
Authors: Ertugrul Melik , Demir Volkan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMost value relevance (VR) studies consider an accounting item value relevant if the regression coefficient (RC) of that item is statistically significant. Unobservable heterogeneity leads to biased RCs, interpretation of which generates incorrect inferences. To obtain unbiased RCs, the effect of unobservable heterogeneity on RCs should be mitigated. As two dimensions of unobservable heterogeneity are at the firm level and time level, outcomes with the following unobservable heterogeneity concerns are discussed: i) no fixed‐effects (FE); ii) firm FE; iii) time FE; and iv) two‐way (firm and time) FE. By employing a sample of Turkish firms from 2005–2014, we report several findings. First, we find that regressions with firm (time) FE yield large (low) RCs vis‐à‐vis regressions with no FE, and regressions with two‐way FE generate balanced RCs compared to the others. Second, we compare RCs with i and iv, and conclude that the book value of equity becomes more value relevant while net income does not after controlling for unobservable heterogeneity. Last, we arbitrarily divide the entire period into two to reveal how unobserved endogeneity affects the comparison of RCs belonging to different periods. Our outcomes robustly reveal that unobserved endogeneity leads to erroneous RC comparisons.
Development of the Osteocranium in Natrix natrix (Serpentes, Colubridae) Embryogenesis II: Development of the jaws, palatal complex and associated bones
Authors: Sheverdyukova Hanna V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSnakes differ from the other vertebrates with their hyperkinetic skull. To establish the developmental features of the skull bones, involved in prey capture and ingestion, the Grass snake Natrix natrix (Serpentes, Colubridae) embryos are studied at all the successive stages of embryogenesis. Thirty‐five N. natrix embryos are examined. Twenty embryos are studied with histological methods; fifteen embryos are cleared and double‐stained with alizarin red and alcian blue. The sequence of appearance and formation of the upper and lower jaw bones, palatal complex and associated bones is described in accordance with the table of developmental stages. New features in the ossification mode of some bones are revealed: each bone, namely, the vomer, septomaxilla and maxilla, is formed from three separate ossification centres. Three ossification centres in the maxilla, two ossification centres in the bodies of the septomaxilla and vomer, as well as the unknown additional ossification centre in the vomer had not been previously described in snake embryos. The new data can be used in further comparative research on the reptile skull development and vertebrate phylogeny.
Vascularization of the tumours affects the pharmacokinetics of bleomycin and the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy
Authors: Groselj Ales , Kranjc Simona , Bosnjak Masa , Krzan Mojca , Kosjek Tina , Prevc Ajda , Cemazar Maja , Sersa Gregor 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Pre‐clinical and clinical data indicate differences in the responses of melanoma and carcinoma tumours to electrochemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the origin of this difference, whether it is due to the intrinsic difference in tumour cell susceptibility to the chemotherapeutic, or due to the tumour micro‐environment. For this purpose, we performed a pre‐clinical study in B16F1 melanoma and TS/A carcinoma tumours in mice, in which the antitumour effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, the intrinsic sensitivity of tumour cells in vitro, the pharmacokinetics of bleomycin in plasma and tumours, and the vascularization of tumours in vivo were evaluated. The results of the treatment show that carcinoma was significantly more responsive to electrochemotherapy than melanoma. This effect cannot be ascribed to the intrinsic sensitivity of these cells, as melanoma cells were more sensitive than carcinoma cells in vitro. The difference in responses could be ascribed to differences in the pharmacokinetics of bleomycin; at the time of electroporation in carcinomas, more bleomycin was accumulated. This effect could be due to differences in tumour vascularization, as carcinoma tumours had numerous well‐distributed, small blood vessels, while melanomas were less vascularized, exhibiting predominantly larger vessels. In conclusion, this study provides evidence on the importance of the tumour micro‐environment, particularly the tumour vasculature, in the responses of the tumours to bleomycin electrochemotherapy. Vasculature is important for the pharmacokinetics of bleomycin, influencing drug accumulation and drug distribution in tumours, and might be used as a predictive factor for the tumour response to electrochemotherapy.