bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Haloacetic Acids from Aqueous Samples Collected from the Canadian Environment Using an In Situ Derivatization Technique
Authors: Scott Brian F. , Alaee Mehran 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Determination of haloacetic acid concentrations in Canadian environmental samples were carried out using an in situ derivatization method. An existing method used to quantitate monochloroacetic acid was extended to analyze simultaneously for 2,4-difluoroanilide of fluoro-, chloro- and bromoacetic acids in aqueous samples. This method requires reduction of sample volume to 50 mL, and then reacting the concentrate with 2,4-difluoroaniline using dicyclohexyl-carboiimide as catalyst in ethyl acetate to produce the acid anilide. Quantitation utilizes gas chromatography with mass selective detector in the selected ion monitoring mode. The response at m/z 129 was used to quantitate the mono-substituted acids and, with the exception of trifluoroacetic acid, the di- and tri-substituted acids were quantitated using m/z 156. Quantitation of trifluoroacetic acid utilized m/z 225. The ubiquitous nature of these compounds required analyzing a blank with each sample as traces of the haloacids were found in the solvent and chemicals used in the method. All nine anilides were synthesized with the response from standard solutions used for quantitation. Environmental samples from 14 locations were analyzed and these included lake water (replicates), rain, snow, groundwater and drinking water samples. With the exception of one groundwater sample, mono- and dichloroacetic acids were found in all samples at concentrations in the range of 0.02 to 8 µg/L. Also mono- and trifluoroacetic acid were found in 9 of 14 and 7 of 14 of the samples, respectively (0.004 to 0.600 µg/L). Monobromoacetic acid was found mainly in the drinking water samples at 4 µg/L. The dibromoacetic acid was detected in snow and drinking water samples, and trichloro- and difluoroacetic acids were detected in only a few samples. Tribromoacetic acid was not detected in any of the samples.
The new German standard on constructed wetland systems for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater
Authors: Nivala Jaime , van Afferden Manfred , Hasselbach Ralf , Langergraber Guenter , Molle Pascal , Rustige Heribert , Nowak Jens 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste e.V. (DWA) has published a new standard for the dimensioning, construction, and operation of constructed wetlands for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater. The changes to the standard are based on a wide range of experience gained in recent years in Germany and Europe. For the first time ever, the standard has been officially translated and published in English. This paper summarizes the new standard for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater with classical one-stage unsaturated vertical flow (VF) wetlands, VF wetlands with lava sand for treatment of wastewater from combined sewer systems, and actively aerated VF and horizontal flow (HF) flow wetlands. Two-stage unsaturated VF wetlands treating raw wastewater (French VF wetlands), are also included in the new standard. HF wetlands are no longer described in the standard for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater. This does not exclude their application. Existing HF wetland systems in Germany may continue to be operated so long as effluent parameters are met and proper operations and maintenance is ensured. This paper gives an overview of the new design standard, including key information on wastewater type and loading, as well as primary attributes of each wetland design.
Intelligent Security and Privacy of Electronic Health Records Using Biometric Images
Authors: Alghazo Jaafar M. 
Published: December 2018

<P>Background: In the presence of Cloud Environment and the migration of Electronic Health Systems and records to the Cloud, patient privacy has become an emergent problem for healthcare institutions. Government bylaws, electronic health documentation, and innovative internet health services generate numerous security issues for healthcare conformity and information security groups. To deal with these issues, healthcare institutes must protect essential IT infrastructure from unauthorized use by insiders and hackers. The Cloud Computing archetype allows for EHealth methods that improve the features and functionality of systems on the cloud. On the other hand, sending patients’ medical information and records to the Cloud entails a number of risks in the protection and privacy of the health records during the communication process. </P><P> Aim: In this paper, a solution is proposed for the security of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in cloud environment during the process of sending the data to the cloud. In addition, the proposed method uses biometric images that allow for unified patient identification across cloud-based EHRs and across medical institutions. </P><P> Method: To protect the privacy of patients’ information and streamline the migration process, a watermarking-based method is proposed for health care providers to ensure that patients’ data are only accessible to authorized personnel. Patients’ information, such as name, id, symptoms, diseases, and previous history, is secured in biometric images of patients as an encrypted watermark.Results:Quality and impeccability analysis and robustness were performed to test the proposed method. The PSNR values show that the proposed method produced excellent results.Conclusion:The robustness and impressibility of the proposed method were tested by subjecting the watermarked images to different simulated attacks. The watermarks were largely impermeable to varied and repeated attacks.</P>
EMR Access and Confidentiality Based on Patient and Hospital Staff Perspectives
Authors: K Dhillon , E Tan , R Akseer , MS Alhosani , GF Ho , SHE Lim , ANSJ Jamaludin 
Published: December 2018

Introductions:
The Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system is a longitudinal electronic record consisting of all the information relevant to a patients’ health and well-being, generated by at least one encounter in a healthcare setting. It can be accessed within an institution with multi-level accessibility based on authentication customized to the type of user. Since the EMR system potentiates an organised and holistic medical history specific to a patient, it enables medical professionals to deliver a higher quality of healthcare services.

Aims:
The aims of this study were to understand the global perspective of EMR and its implementation as well as to locate the gaps of knowledge that still existed in the understanding and definition of EMR amongst patients and hospital staff.

Methods:
All major bibliographic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar and several specialist datasets such as PsycINFO, MEDLINE and EBSCOhost from the previous 10 years (2007-2017) were employed in our search. Paper citations which utilised a reference standard were incorporated for quality assessment. An initial search found 2700 articles however after factoring in the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 78 articles were included in this review.

Results:
Our findings indicated a discrepancy between the expectation of patients and what was actually practiced. Patient concerns mainly involved easy access of healthcare professionals other than doctors to their EMR in addition to non-medical information. The assumption of confidentiality was expected to be maintained by indifference; however, a good face-to-face explanation cannot be substituted with control over content and access to EMR. In the event of a breach in patient confidentiality, lawsuits against healthcare providers will rise exponentially as patients are now well-informed and more empowered to ask questions regarding the care they are receiving and information being disclosed to other parties.

Conclusion:
Security of information can be attained with better modelling protocols, end-user training and refresher courses done on a regular basis. Finally, controls of access will need to be implemented via passwords and digital signatures.
WANITA JEPANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF HISTORIS
Authors: Hartono Mudji - 
Published: December 2018

Abstrak Dalam sejarah Jepang yang panjang dapat diketahui proses perubahan tentang kedudukan dan fungsi wanita dalam kehidupan sosial dan politik. Semula wanita memiliki peranan yang sangat besar. Bentuk masyarakat pada awal perkembangan bangsa Jepang adalah berdasar matriarkal, kemudian dasar itu digantikan oleh patriarkal. Status wanita merosot tajam hingga pada derajat pelayan dalam masa feodalisme. Keadaan ini berubah lagi pada pasca Perang Dunia II seiring dengan kemajuan industri yang sangat cepat, kaum wanita senantiasa telah mendapatkan persamaan hak dengan kaum pria sehingga berani mengabaikan adat lama. Tradisi masyarakat yang dibentuk oleh ajaran Confusianisme asal Cina dan budaya feodal Jepang menyebabkan kedudukan dan fungsi wanita menjadi sangat lemah. Kebiasaan-kebiasaan lama lambat-laun mengalami erosi akibat kemajuan pendidikan pada kaum wanita. Secara umum kondisi kaum wanita Jepang pada tahun 1970-an sudah banyak mengalami perubahan. Memang, sisa-sisa kebiasaan lama masih ada hingga kini dan masih menjadi ganjalan bagi peningkatan peranan wanita. Pembatasan-pembatasan terhadap kaum wanita belum hilang sepenuhnya, dan masih dapat dijumpai dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Tirai penyekat itu diyakini akan hilang dengan sendirinya. Sehingga pada waktunya kaum wanita juga memiliki kedudukan yang sejajar dengan kaum pria dalam bingkai budaya Jepang modern.
PERAN INDONESIA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN DEMOKRATISASI ASEAN 1998 – 2010
Authors: Widiyanta Danar 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRAK

Perubahan yang terjadi pada tahun 1998, telah merubah pula kebijakan tentang demokratisasi di ASEAN. Indonesia mencoba memasukkan gagasan tersebut untuk mempertahankan peran yang signifikan dalam organisasi ASEAN. Ada beberapa kendala dalam pelaksanaan demokratisasi di ASEAN yang disebabkan oleh beberapa hal. Latar belakang pendirian ASEAN cenderung karena dorongan dari pikiran luar kawasan yang menginginkan stabilitas politik di Asia Tenggara. Negara-negara ASEAN secara alamiah tidak terintegrasi secara geografis, sehingga posisi geopolitik setiap negara anggotanya berbeda-beda. Perbedaan level ekonomi antarnegara menyebabkan adanya perbedaan kemampuan mengimplementasikan suatu kesepakatan antarnegara. Kendala lain adalah ketiadaan kepemimpinan ASEAN. Selama 10 tahun terakhir tidak ada pemimpin ASEAN yang berani mengambil inisiatif kepemimpinan di ASEAN.
ABSTRAK

Perubahan yang terjadi pada tahun 1998, telah merubah pula kebijakan tentang demokratisasi di ASEAN. Indonesia mencoba memasukkan gagasan tersebut untuk mempertahankan peran yang signifikan dalam organisasi ASEAN. Ada beberapa kendala dalam pelaksanaan demokratisasi di ASEAN yang disebabkan oleh beberapa hal. Latar belakang pendirian ASEAN cenderung karena dorongan dari pikiran luar kawasan yang menginginkan stabilitas politik di Asia Tenggara. Negara-negara ASEAN secara alamiah tidak terintegrasi secara geografis, sehingga posisi geopolitik setiap negara anggotanya berbeda-beda. Perbedaan level ekonomi antarnegara menyebabkan adanya perbedaan kemampuan mengimplementasikan suatu kesepakatan antarnegara. Kendala lain adalah ketiadaan kepemimpinan ASEAN. Selama 10 tahun terakhir tidak ada pemimpin ASEAN yang berani mengambil inisiatif kepemimpinan di ASEAN.
Revolusi Demokrasi: Suatu Gagasan Memperbaiki Demokrasi Indonesia
Authors: Fachrurozi Miftahul Habib 
Published: December 2018

Abstrak
Paper ini mencoba menguraikan permasalahan demokrasi di Indonesia sekaligus solusi yang dapat diambil untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Paper ini sangat penting karena memahami permasalahan pelaksanaan demokrasi di Indonesia harus selalu dikaitan dengan Kapitalisme global yang terus menggerogoti sendi-sendi kehidupan bangsa Indonesia. Bangsa Indonesia harus dapat lepas dari cengkeraman Kapitalisme global agar mampu melaksanakan demokrasi yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai ideal demokrasi Indonesia. Paper ini menjadi penting karena menawarkan gagasan revolusi demokrasi untuk memperbaiki demokrasi Indonesia.
Penerapan nilai-nilai ideal demokrasi Indonesia serta hambatan pelaksanaan demokrasi Indonesia menjadi hal yang penting dikaji dalam rangka memperbaiki demokrasi Indonesia. Pertanyaan yang muncul adalah apa nilai-nilai ideal demokrasi Indonesia? Bagaimana permasalahan pelaksanaan demokrasi Indonesia? Serta bagaimana melaksanakan revolusi demokrasi? Pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut yang akan dibahas dalam paper ini.
Sumber yang digunakan dalam paper ini diambil dari literatur-literatur primer maupun sekunder yang memiliki kaitan terhadap demokrasi Indonesia. Karya tersebut berisi tentang pemikiran dan pandangan founding father bangsa Indonesia terhadap demokrasi Indonesia. Selain itu terdapat pula karya sejumlah sejarawan serta ilmuwan politik kontemporer yang digunakan dalam paper ini.
Nilai-nilai ideal demokrasi Indonesia harus didasarkan pada kondisi sosio-historis bangsa Indonesia. Nilai-nilai ideal demokrasi Indonesia bersumber dari nilai kolektif, kesetaraan, dan kemanusiaan. Permasalahan pelaksanaan demokrasi Indonesia disebabkan oleh ketidakmerataan sumber daya politik dan ekonomi pada masyarakat Indonesia. Hal tersebut diakibatkan oleh sistem Kapitalisme global. Revolusi demokrasi harus dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Pelaksanaan revolusi demokrasi harus sejalan dengan konsep sosio-demokrasi yang digagas Soekarno. Pelaksanaan konsep sosio-demokrasi merupakan solusi atas permasalahan demokrasi Indonesia pada saat ini.
Kata kunci: demokrasi, Indonesia, revolusi demokrasi, kapitalisme, sosio-demokrasi
ISLAM DAN DEMOKRASI: SEBUAH IJTIHAD PARTAI POLITIK ISLAM (STUDI KASUS PARTAI MASYUMI DAN PARTAI KEADILAM SEJAHTERA)
Authors: Prihatin Novianto Ari 
Published: December 2018

Abstrak

Konstelasi Islam dan Demokrasi di Indonesia berujung pada sebuah perdebatan panjang mengenai boleh-tidaknya umat Islam menerapkan sistem Demokrasi. Agama Islam yang didalamnya terdapat prinsip ketuhanan sebagai pusat pengatur kehidupan manusia dipandang bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsipDemokrasi yang menyerahkan urusan pada manusia dengan prinsip mayoritas. Kelompok Islam kontra-Demokrasi menilai penerapan Demokrasi pada masyarakat Islam Indonesia hanya akan memunculkan hukum-hukum spekulatif yang pada akhirnya akan mengesampingkan hukum-hukum Tuhan. Perdebatan panjang mengenai sistem politik yang harus dipilih oleh umat Islam akhirnya tertuju pada sebuah sistem Demokrasi ketuhanan sebagai sebuah hasil ijtihad politisi Muslim.Kelompok Islam pro-Demokrasi ini meyakini bahwa standar politik Islam terletak pada esensi dan prinsip, bukan pada sistem dan bentuk politiknya.
Demokrasi tetap bisa beriringan dengan Islam dengan syarat esensi dan prinsip yang diperjuangkan adalah untuk menegakkan hukum Islam. Beberapa partai yang termasuk golongan ini diantaranya adalah Partai Masyumi dan Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS). Masyumi adalah sebuah partai politik Islam yang lahir pasca proklamasi dengan membawa misi memperjuangkan Islam sebagai dasar negara, sementara PKS adalah partai produk Reformasi yang menjadikan Demokrasi sebagai sarana untuk menerapkan hukum-hukum Islam. Meski membawa misi yang berbeda, kedua partai ini tetap menggunakan jalur parlemen sebagai hasil ijtihad politik untuk menerapkan hukum Islam di Indonesia.
Morphometric regularities of the depth indices of dental arches in the mesocrane skull type
Authors: Efmova E. Y. 
Published: December 2018

Objective: to reveal the morphometric regularities of the depth indices of the dental arches of the upper and lower jaws of the mesocrane skull type.Material and methods: the morphometric parameters of the depth of the dental arches of the upper and lower jaws were investigated. Te work was performed on 144 preparations of mesocrane skull type of people of both sexes of mature age with physiological occlusion of teeth. Te depth of the dental arch was measured from the point located at the center of the cutting edge of the medial incisor to the point of intersection with the line connecting the distal surfaces of the tooth crowns at the level of the canines, frst premolars, second premolars, frst molars, and second molars.Results: the range of confdence limits of the depth of the dental arches of the upper jaw in men at the level of canines and premolars surpassed those of women. Te range of confdence limits of the depth of the dental arches of the lower jaw in men and women at all levels of measurement was similar.Conclusions: the indices of the confdence limits of the depth of the vestibular and palatal dental arches of the upper and lower jaws are revealed. Te new data obtained as a result of the research, supplement and expand the information on the studied parameters, both in theoretical and clinical aspects.
Efficiency of complex therapy in patients with a- and hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Krolevets D. I. , Sizyakina L. P. , Andreeva I. I. , Yakovlev A. A. , Bashtovaya O. A. 
Published: December 2018

Objective:assessment of the eﬀectiveness of the use of Polymuramil in complex with IVG therapy with patients with CVID and ХLA with insufcient replacement therapy.Materials and methods:there were 10 patients with insufcient eﬀectiveness of IVIG replacement therapy, receiving complex IVIG therapy and immunomodulator Polymuramil at a dose of 200 μg / 0.5 ml No. 5 intramuscularly every other day, under study. Surface and intracellular markers of cells of the congenital and acquired immune response, serum immunoglobulins of class A, M, G - in the radial immunodiﬀusion in the Mancini gel, the oxygen-dependent metabolic activity of neutrophils in NST-test were assessed with the help of ﬂow cytometry, before and afer 3 months and a comparative analysis of the obtained data was conducted.Results:analysis of the data revealed a signifcant increase in markers of lymphocyte activation, which indicates the induction properties of the studied immunomodulator by increasing the activation potentials of the cellular link of adaptive immunity in patients with primary immunodefciency.Summary:in patients with a genetically mediated defect of the humoral immunity against the background of complex therapy with the use of Polymuramil, the activation of congenital and adaptive immunity is registered, which is confrmed, in addition to laboratory indexes, by a decrease in the frequency of exacerbations of chronic inﬂammatory diseases.
Echocardiographic screening of children and teenagers during routine physical examination
Authors: Mirzoyan E. S. , Babaev M. V. , Nelasov N. Yu. , Aivazyan Sh. G. , Stizhko N. O. 
Published: December 2018

Objective:to study the frequency of occurrence of diseases of the cardiovascular system in the course of routine physical examination of the child population, with the purpose of early recognition of various pathological conditions, including structural anomalies of the heart and large vessels.Material and methods:total examined 260 childrens aged 6 to 14 years, 118 girls (45.3 %) and 142 boys (54.6 %). Screening survey was performed in the parasternal, apical and subcostal positions. Time to research occupied from 7 to 20 minutes.Results:out of 260 children who passed clinical examination a structural anomalies of the heart was detected in 56 patients (21,5 % of all researches).Conclusions:the clinical examination of children population has a colossal medical and social important not only in Russia, but all over the world. Echocardiographic screening of children of preschool age is necessary for timely detection of cardiovascular pathology, especially occurring asymptomatically.
Relación entre vida, escucha y estudios musicales en diferentes perfiles de alumnos del sureste español
Authors: Martínez Cantero Irene 
Published: December 2018

Percepción y conocimiento de la música son dos aspectos estrechamente relacionados con emoción y motivación hacia la actividad musical. Además, la importancia de los últimos para el logro de los primeros ha sido verificada por numerosas disciplinas que proporcionan una parte del conocimiento global del aprendizaje y de la actividad musical: Estética (Collier, 2007), Musicología (Shaw, 2001), Moral (Fairlay, 2006), Política y economía (Fouce, y Pecourt, 2008), o Sexualidad (Trotta, 2009). Sin embargo, la psicología social y la neurociencia son, quizás, las más cercanas (Hargreaves, Hargreaves, & North, 2012; Sloboda, 2012; Ockelford, 2012). En este artículo se presenta una introducción del estado de la cuestión en músiconeuropsicología. Así mismo, se aportan datos sobre investigaciones previas generales y empíricos actuales para su concreción en tres estudios de casos de estudiantes diferenciados por grados de persistencia y de rendimiento en la actividad musical. Lo que se investiga en ellos es la igualdad o diferencia entre su vida musical y sus estudios musicales. Los resultados permiten discernir áreas comunes en las que el ambiente informal resulta revelador, pero también discrepancias por contexto de análisis (vida, escucha de música y estudios) y perfil del alumnado (éxito, rendimiento medio y abandono). Desde la reflexión sobre ellos, se resalta la necesidad de mayor presencia de aquello que el alumno vive en relación a la música en los estudios musicales. Su gran incidencia en aspectos emotivos y motivacionales determinará también su percepción y cognición musicales, derivando en el rendimiento y en la continuidad de la actividad.
Juicio emocional y procesamiento musical en pacientes con Demencia Tipo Alzheimer
Authors: Moltrasio Julieta , Detlefsen María Verónica , Mora Milena Jaquelín , Rubinstein Wanda Yanina 
Published: December 2018

La música produce reacciones emocionales intensas, similares a las que producen otros estímulos. La capacidad de procesar estímulos musicales requiere de varios componentes de procesamiento e involucra diversas regiones del cerebro. Los pacientes con Demencia Tipo Alzheimer (DTA) presentan alteraciones en la memoria episódica y deficiencias en el procesamiento emocional de los estímulos visuales. El objetivo de este estudio es llevar a cabo una revisión bibliográfica evaluativa para determinar si existen disociaciones entre el juicio emocional musical y el procesamiento de otros aspectos musicales en DTA y brindar una explicación desde los modelos teóricos y bases anatómicas implicadas.
Los estudios mostraron que los pacientes con DTA muestran un rendimiento deficiente en algunos aspectos del procesamiento musical, como el global. A pesar de eso, se conserva el procesamiento emocional de las melodías. El componente de procesamiento emocional se conservaría en DTA. Y las áreas activadas son similares a los sujetos sanos, como el giro cingulado, el cerebelo y las áreas frontales. La música parece apuntar a procesos y áreas que se conservan en DTA. Esta revisión muestra la importancia de estudiar las emociones en la música, centrándose en lo que se conserva en DTA. Esta podría ser la clave para explicar la conservación relativa de la memoria musical en esta patología y para desarrollar tratamientos basados ​​en la música.
Disciplinary Data Publication Guides
Authors: Beckles Zosia , Gray Stephen , Hiom Debra , Merrett Kirsty , Snow Kellie , Steer Damian 
Published: December 2018

Many academic disciplines have very comprehensive standard for data publication and clear guidance from funding bodies and academic publishers. In other cases, whilst much good-quality general guidance exists, there is a lack of information available to researchers to help them decide which specific data elements should be shared. This is a particular issue for disciplines with very varied data types, such as engineering, and presents an unnecessary barrier to researchers wishing to meet funder expectations on data sharing. This article outlines a project to provide simple, visual, discipline-specific guidance on data publication, undertaken at the University of Bristol at the request of the Faculty of Engineering.