bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN INTERFERON GAMMA PADA INFEKSI Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Wahyuniati Nur 
Published: March 2018

Abstrak.Penyakit tuberkulosis masih tetap merupakan masalah kesehatan yang utama di dunia. Penyakit ini menyebabkan angka kesakitan yang tinggi pada jutaan penduduk dunia setiap tahunnya. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb) memiliki kemampuan aktifitas replikasi dan metabolisme yang tinggi dan memiliki kemampuan untuk bertahan hidup di dalam fagosit profesional. Respon imun seluler sangat berperan penting untuk proses eliminasi M. Tb. Sel TH1 yang teraktivasi akan mengeluarkan interferon gamma yang akan mengaktivasi makrofag. Interferon gamma memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam imunitas protektif terhadap infeksi M.Tb.(JKS 2017; 2: 131-137)Kata kunci: Tuberkulosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respon T­H1,Interferon gammaAbstract. Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in the world. This disease causes a high morbidity rate in millions of the world's population each year. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb) has high replication and metabolism activity and has the ability to survive in professional phagocytes. Cellular immune responses play an important role in the elimination process of M. Tb. The activated TH1 cell will secrete interferon gamma that leads to activation of macrophages. Interferon gamma has a very important role in protective immunity against infection M.Tb.(JKS 2017; 2: 131-137)Keywords: Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TH­1 response, Interferon gamma
Bias Gender Dalam Prestasi Akademik Siswa: Studi tentang Perbandingan Prestasi Akademik Siswa Laki-laki dan Perempuan di SMA 12 Bekasi
Authors: Hidayat Rakhmat 
Published: March 2018

This article has two purposes for writing. Firstly, explain the differences in academic achievement between students of men and women on the subjects of Physics, Sociology and Indonesian? Secondly, to explain the tendency of academic achievement differences between boys and girls on the subjects of Physics, Sociology and Bahasa Indonesian. It can be concluded that the subjects of Physics, women have higher grades than men. On the subject of Sociology and the Indonesian language, there were no significant differences between men and women. The results of this study was influenced by developments or changes in the mindset that embraced the values of society regarding womenâ€™s position in society. This study use a quantitative approach with secondary data analysis methods (ADS). Data collection method used is the method of documentation. It should be done early gender socialization to students about gender equality in an effort to minimize the occurrence of gender bias.Â ABSTRAKArtikel ini memiliki dua tujuan penulisan. Pertama, menjelaskan perbedaan prestasi akademik antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada mata pelajaran Fisika, Sosiologi dan Bahasa Indonesia? Kedua, menjelaskan kecenderungan perbedaan prestasi akademik antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada mata pelajaran Fisika, Sosiologi dan Bahasa Indonesia. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada mata pelajaran Fisika, perempuan mempunyai nilai yang lebih tinggi dibanding laki-laki. Pada mata pelajaran Sosiologi dan Bahasa Indonesia, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Hasil penelitian ini dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan pola pikir atau perubahan nilai-nilai yang dianut masyarakat berkaitan posisi perempuan dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis data sekunder (ADS). Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode dokumentasi. Perlu dilakukan sosialisasi gender sejak dini kepada pelajar tentang kesetaraan gender dalam upaya meminimalisir terjadinya bias gender.
Kajian Pelaksanaan Dana Alokasi Khusus Bidang Pendidikan
Authors: Tedjawati JM 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this analys is to obtain information about the implementation of Special Allocation Fund (DAK) in education, in: 1) Mechanism DAK planning of Local Government; 2) channeling mechanism of DAK from Local Government; 3) Realization of DAK; 4) Implementation of monitoring and evaluation; and 5) The opinion on the administration of the DAK. The findings of this analysis are: 1) The procedure of planning implementation of DAK has made education service districts/cities in accordance with the provision of technical guidance; 2) The distribution of DAK in accordance with the procedure through three stages; 3) In some districts/cities in 2010 the implementation of DAK experience delays because of changes in the implementation of self-managed way into the auction process; 4) Monitoring and evaluation conducted by the education office DAK district/city, but checks/audits conducted by the Inspectorate General of Ministry of National Education and the Regional Monitoring Agency (BAWASDA); 5) DAK self-managed way is considered more beneficial for the schools because of the use of DAK is more flexible than an auction company that conducted the auction winner.Â ABSTRAKTujuan dari kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang pelaksanaan Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) bidang pendidikan, dalam hal: 1) Mekanisme perencanaan DAK dari Pemerintah Daerah; 2) Mekanisme penyaluran DAK dari Pemerintah Daerah; 3) Realisasi DAK; 4) Pelaksanaan monitoring dan evaluasi; dan 5) Pendapat daerah tentang penyelenggaraan DAK. Hasil temuan kajian ini: 1) Mekanisme perencanaan sesuai dengan ketentuan petunjuk teknis; 2) Mekanisme penyaluran DAK sesuai dengan prosedur melalui tiga tahap; 3) Relaisasi pelaksanaan DAK tahun 2010 di beberapa kabupaten/kota mengalami keterlambatan karena adanya perubahan penyelenggaraan dari cara swakelola menjadi proses lelang; 4) Monitoring dan evaluasi DAK dilakukan oleh dinas pendidikan kabupaten/kota, tetapi pemeriksaan/audit dilakukan oleh Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional dan Badan Pengawasan Daerah (BAWASDA); dan 5) Penyelenggaraan DAK dikelola dengan cara swakelola dianggap lebih menguntungkan bagi sekolah karena penggunaan DAK lebih luwes dibandingkan dengan lelang yang dilakukan perusahaan pemenang lelang.
Isolasi Dye Organik Alam dan Karakterisasinya Sebagai Sensitizer
Authors: Nurussaniah Nurussaniah , Anita Anita , Boisandi Boisandi 
Published: March 2018

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui cara mengisolasi dan karakteristik <em>dye</em> organik alam sebagai <em>sensitizer</em>. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap yaitu persiapan, isolasi <em>dye</em> organik alam, karakterisasi sifat optik, analisis dan menyimpulkan. Isolasi dye organic alam dilakukan untuk memperoleh sari dari bahan-bahan alam. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan alam yaitu jagung (<em>Zea mays</em>) dan labu kuning (<em>Cucurbita moschata</em>). Karakterisasi optik <em>dye</em> organik alam dalam penelitian ini dilihat dari spektrum absorbansi yang diukur menggunakan <em>Spektrophotometer Uv-Vis. </em>Spektrum absorbansi <em>dye </em>diukur dalam<em> </em>kuvet optik, pada panjang gelombang 350-800 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolasi <em>dye</em> organik alam diperoleh melalui metode ekstraksi, yaitu suatu metode untuk memperoleh sari dari bahan-bahan alam. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan melarutkan biji jagung (<em>Zea mays</em>) dan daging buah labu kuning (<em>Cucurbita moschata</em>) dalam pelarut etanol dengan konsentrasi 1:5. Karaktistik optik jagung (<em>Zea mays</em>) dan labu kuning (<em>Cucurbita moschata</em>) menunjukkan panjang gelombang yaitu berada pada cahaya tampak dengan rentang panjang gelombang 350 – 500<em> nm</em>. Dengan demikian <em> dye </em> <em>beta-karoten</em> yang berasal dari jagung (<em>Zea mays</em>) dan labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai <em>sensitizer </em>dalam prototipe <em>Dye Sensitized Solar Cell</em> (DSSC).</p>
3R: Historia mówiona w polskich badaniach dziejów najnowszych
Authors: Kałwa Dobrochna 
Published: March 2018

W artykule analizowana jest specyfika metodologiczna polskich badań historii najnowszej, wykorzystujących jako źródło relacje świadków historii. Wyróżnione trzy środowiska, określone za pomocą metafory „pokolenia” − historyków klasycznych, modernistycznych i oralistów − posłużyły do ukazania dorobku polskich badań, których cechą immanentną jest nieciągłość, równoległość i odmienny rodzaj transferu pomiędzy teorią i praktyką badawczą. Punktem wyjścia w każdym przypadku stają się dyrektywy metodologiczne, formułowane w środowisku historyków i wskazanie, w jakim stopniu miały one wpływ na badania historyków.
Комбінований відеоендоскопічно-черезшкірний доступ у хірургічному лікуванні інфікованого гострого некротичного панкреатиту
Authors: Khomyak І. V. , Коstylev М. V. , Rotar О. V. , Теreshkevych І. S. , Rotar V. І. , Khomyak А. І. 
Published: March 2018

Мета. Оцінити ефективність запропонованого комбінованого відеоендоскопічно-черезшкірного доступу в хірургічному лікуванні інфікованого гострого некротичного панкреатиту (ГНП).
Матеріали і методи. Черезшкірні діапевтичні пункції та дренування застосовані в 74 пацієнтів (контрольна група), у 23 (основна група) з приводу лікування поширених інфікованих патологічних вогнищ використаний комбінований відеоендоскопічно-черезшкірний доступ.
Результати. Застосування діапевтичних втручань дозволило відтермінувати виконання оперативного втручання до 25 - 30-ї доби захворювання в усіх пацієнтів основної групи та у 82,7% – контрольної. В основній групі відзначене зменшення необхідності виконання лапаротомної некрсеквестректомії на 29,1%, інвазивних втручань – на 46,1%, смертності – на 2,9%.
Висновки. Використання комбінованого доступу забезпечило зменшення частоти виконання інвазивних втручань, зокрема лапаротомної некрсеквестректомії.
Біомеханічно обґрунтоване хірургічне лікування поранених з вогнепальними переломами довгих кісток
Authors: Buryanov О. А. , Laksha А. А. , Borzykh N. О. , Shydlovskyi М. S. 
Published: March 2018

Вступ. Лікування постраждалих з вогнепальними пораненнями кінцівок супроводжується незадовільними результатами, остеомієліт, утворення хибних суглобів, контрактуру, невропатію, вкорочення кінцівок відзначають у 8 - 19,6% хворих, ампутацію кінцівки виконують в 11,8%.
Матеріали і методи. Наведена тактика надання хірургічної допомоги при пораненнях м’яких тканин та вогнепальних переломах з огляду на зміни біомеханічних властивостей кісткової тканини.
Результати. Встановлено, що за відстані від стрижнів до місця перелому менше 4 см вірогідність виникнення остеомієліту збільшується у 5 разів. Використання запропонованого алгоритму лікування постраждалих з приводу вогнепальних поранень кінцівок дозволило досягти хороших результатів лікування у 80%.
Обговорення. Лікування постраждалих з приводу вогнепальних поранень кінцівок потребує комплексного підходу з огляду на зміни біомеханічних властивостей кісткової тканини та особливостей пошкодження м’яких тканин.
Висновок. Встановлення апарата зовнішньої фіксації (АЗФ), зважаючи на зону ударно-хвильової остеопорозоподібної трансформації, закриття дефектів м’яких тканин із застосуванням реконструктивної хірургії, заміна методу фіксації в оптимальні строки дозволили зменшити частоту порушення остеорепарації в 7 разів, встановлення інвалідності - у 3 рази.
Kajian Karakteristik dan Asupan Cairan pada Atlet di SMA Negeri 1 Sewon
Authors: Indrawati Fani , Kurdanti Weni , Suryani Isti 
Published: March 2018

Background: the fulfillment of energy needs and liquids athletes of nutritional intake and the fluid that adekuat is the most frequently forgotten by athletes .Needs of water per different people , are influenced by various factors like sex , age , the activity , as well as the environment .Fluid loss as many as 3 to 5% of weight resulting in interference function cardiovascular diseases that would have a direct impact on sports performance
Objective: this research aims to understand the characteristics of athletes based on fluid intake on athletes in SMA Negeri 1 Sewon. Method : the kind of research is observational with the design research cross sectional.Aspects subjects covering liquid intake, age, sex, BMI and kind of sport in athletes in any kind a sport that followed.Using a technique technique sampling random stratification.Any species of sports taken as the sample.The sample of the a total of 49 respondents. Research conducted was taken from the results of interviews respondents by the SQ FFQ.
Results : liquid intake in an athlete based on kinds of sports and characteristic of (the age, sex, BMI), known of 73,5 % athletes with liquid intake less. Liquid intake the average athletes was 2963,4 ml per day, with intake at least 1412,1 ml and intake maximum 4867,9 ml and standard deviations 884,15.
Conclusions : Based on characteristic (age, sex, BMI) and kinds of sports, athletes with liquid intake less (73,5 %).
characteristics athletes, kind of sports, liquid intake
Perilaku Mengosok Gigi Kebiasaan Makan dan Minum Tinggi Sukrosa dengan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Siswa Di MIN Jejeran
Authors: Purnamasari Nita Listian , Hartini Th Ninuk Sri , Herawati Herawati 
Published: March 2018

Background: One of the biggest dental health problems experienced by school children is dental caries. Dental caries occurs due to poor tooth brushing behavior and bad eating and drinking habits of bad sucrose.
Objective: To know the relationship between the behavior of brushing teeth, eating habits and drinking high sucrose with the incidence of dental caries.
Method: The type of this study included observational research with cross sectional study design. The study was conducted at MIN Jejeran 2 in February to May 2017. The research subjects were grade I to V students who were presented in and were willing to be respondents totaling 274 students. The research variables are the behavior of brushing teeth, eating habits and drinking high sucrose, and dental caries.
Result: The study showed that dental caries in male pupils 96 students (35%), higher than female 84 students (30.7%). The majority of 266 students (97.1%) had brushing behavior with good behavioral categories. High sucrose foods that are often consumed by students are; Crackers, sweets, biscuits, and sweetbreads. High sucrose drinks that are often consumed by students are tea and homemade milk. Data analysis used Chi-Square and OR (Ood Ratio) test.
Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between toothbrushing behavior with dental caries occurrence (p> 0,05). There was a significant relationship between the behavior of brushing teeth with the habit of eating and drinking high sucrose (p <0.05).
Hubungan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Terdapat Pelayanan Gizi dengan Sisa Makanan Pasien VIP di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta
Authors: Wahyunani Bernadeth Dwi , Susilo Joko , Wayansari Latsmi 
Published: March 2018

Background: The success of food service at hospitals could be viewed from patient’s satisfaction. Assessing patient’s satisfaction is one effective, less costly and easy way in maintaining the quality of hospital services. Another indicator of hospital food service quality is the plate waste. The large amount of the plate wasteshows patient’s inadequate nutrient intake and economically speaking it shows waste of resources.
Objective: The objective of the research was to gain insight into patient’s level of satisfaction, patient’s plate wasteand the correlation betweenpatient’s level of satisfaction toward food service with the plate waste at the VIP ward at PantiRapih Hospital, Yogyakarta.
Method: The research was ananalytical cross-sectional one whose respondents were hospitalized patients in VIP ward and were administered a regular diet (n=50). The data of the plate waste was obtained using visual estimation method by a-6 point scale as developed by Comstock. Patient’s satisfaction toward the food services included taste of food, menu variation, cleanliness and perfection on cutlery, tardiness, staff’s appearance and nutrient education. The data was analyzed using chi-square test.
Results: 62% of the respondents were female with the average age of 35. 65% of the respondents had good average ofplate waste. The average plate waste was 24.62%. Breakfast had the highest average of plate waste. It was 31.42%. The type of food with the highest average of plate waste was staple food. It was 35.62%. Patient’s level of satisfaction toward food service was 56%.
Conclusion: The statistical analysis using chi-square test did not show any correlation between patient’s level of satisfaction toward food service with patient’splate waste at the VIP ward of PantiRapih Hospital, Yogyakarta.
Perbedaan Metode Three Compartement Sink dengan Air Panas dan Larutan Klorin terhadap Angka Kuman Alat Makan di RSU Queen Latifa
Authors: Hasanah Rifatun , Setyowati Setyowati , Tifauzah Noor 
Published: March 2018

Background:One of the efforts in preventing congenital food disease is by washing the cutlery perfectly. The cutlery used by patients with infectious diseases should be noted more, because it has a risk in disease transmission through cutlery. The process of washing the cutlery for infected patients in Queen Latifa Hospital use three compartement sink method with hot water, while the three compartement sink method with clorine solvent has never been tested.
Purpose: Research was to determine the difference in the number of germs in the tool was washed using three compartement sink
method with hot water and with clorine solvent.
Method:Types of research is experiment with rancangan percobaan acak kelompok (RAK). The object of this research is 4 plates and 4 bowls. The number of experimental units in this research were 2 treatments x 2 cutlery x 2 checks x 2 reapetitions = 16 experimental units. The analysis used independent t-test with 95% confidence level.
Result :The average number of germs in the cutlery washed using the three compartment sink method with hot water was 1 x 101 cfu / cm2, whereas with chlorine solvent is 0.2 cfu / cm2. Independent test t-test shows p = 0.049 which means the hypothesis is accepted.
Conclusion : There are differences in the number of germs in the washing cutlery using the three compartment sink method with hot water and with chlorine solvent.
Penggunaan Standar Bumbu Masakan Lauk Hewani dan Nabati di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Sukmawati Kukuh Probo , Setyowati Setyowati , Hartini Th Ninuk Sri 
Published: March 2018

Background: Using of herbs and spices greatly affect the taste of foods, although the ingredients used are the same, different
formulations of herbs will produce different flavors. Standardized seasonings are needed to produce a relatively similar food taste.
Objective: The research aims to determine the use of herbs in animal and plant proteins.
Method: This research was an observational research with cross sectional approach at PanembahanSenopati Hospital Bantul. The objects of this research were standardized seasonings inanimal and plant proteinsin the menu cycle of 10 days in Juny 2015. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form and textural.
Result: Standardized Seasonings in animal protein were B for satay and C for semur. Standardized seasonings in plant protein were B for bali, terik, rujak and D for bacem. The percentage of the use of seasoning than standardized seasoning for satay (148,7%), bali (130,3%), rujak(372%),for semur, terik and bacem the conformity are not not known because the standardized seasonings unwritten. The conformity of ingredient herbskind for satay (66,7%), semur (100%), bali (54,5%), rujak (50%), bacem (100%) and terik (100%). Conclusion:The conformity of herbs weight foranimal protein (124,3%) and plant protein (175,5%). The conformity of ingredient herbskind for animal protein (83,3%) and plant protein (76,1%). Standardized seasonings used were B, C and D.
paradiplomacy of subnational governments in North America
Authors: Zepeda Martínez Roberto 
Published: March 2018

Objective: to determine the factors that have contributed to the expansion in the international activities of the subnational actors and to identify the issues that prevail in the relations between the Canadian provinces and the subnational states of North America. Likewise, to identify the strategies and mechanisms that favor the relationships between these subnational governments.
Methodology: the qualitative methodological strategy comprises of two dimensions: the first focuses on the factors which explain these dynamics and on the conceptual revision to refer to the transnational activities of subnational governments in North America, in particular the paradiplomacy. The second one examines official information, reports and publications from national and subnational governments in the region. Subsequently, the international activities of these governments were examined to determine their nature, characteristics and objectives.
Results: it was highlighted that the international activities of subnational governments are linked to economic development and to issues such as the environment, natural resources, sustainable development, security, culture, education, science and technology. They are carried out through institutional deliberation and decision-making forums, international offices and cooperation agreements.
Conclusions: subnational governments contribute to the governance of North America, through the formulation of regional public policies to face common challenges. The agreements are limited in the areas of jurisdiction of the subnational governments and, at the same time, they show/disclose a certain degree of autonomy with respect to the central government.
Fabrication of Al–Si Gasar by mold casting technique
Authors: Komissarchuk Olga , Hao Hai , Zhang Xing-lu , Karpov Vladimir 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAl–Si Gasar were produced using the metal–gas eutectic process. Directionally solidified porous Al–Si alloys with varying Si content were prepared by using a mold casting technique under different values of hydrogen saturation pressure. The influence of Si content on pore formation was studied; specifically, shape, size, porosity, circularity, and distribution along the height of the specimen were investigated. We observed that at increased levels of Si content, pores become more spherical and larger in diameter, while porosity decreases. Specimens produced by using different casting techniques exhibit differences in porosity, pore shape, and the relationship between porosity and the alloys’ Si content. Compression tests were performed to compare the mechanical properties of bulk alloys with porous, Gasar alloys.
Effect of laser energy density on microstructures and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Wei Wen-Hou , Shen Jun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V samples were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) with a series of different laser energy inputs. The microstructure presented a feature of fine acicular martensite due to the high cooling rate of the SLM process. All the relative density, micro-hardness and tensile properties initially increased and then decreased with increasing laser energy density. The fracture morphology exhibited a mixed mode of complex ductile and brittle fracture. All the results indicated that the laser energy density has a crucial effect on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the SLMed Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The correlations between the laser energy density and the microstructures and mechanical properties of the SLMed Ti-6Al-4V alloy were studied.