bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications following removal of oesophageal foreign bodies: a retrospective review of 349 cases
Authors: Wyatt SR , Barron PM 
Published: March 2019

AimTo determine the incidence and types of complications associated with oesophageal foreign body (FB) removal in dogs, as well as to evaluate potential risk factors for the development of complications.MethodsClinical records were searched within Animal Emergency Service and Veterinary Specialist Services databases between July 2001 and March 2017. Data were collected regarding signalment, FB type, method of removal, medical management and complications. Follow‐up records from the referring veterinarian were then obtained by either phone call or email.ResultsA total of 349 FB cases were reviewed. The majority of FBs were bones (77.4%), with Staffordshire Bull Terriers (12.3%) and West Highland White Terriers (9.8%) the most common breeds seen. Complications at the time of FB removal occurred in 20 cases (5.9%), with 14 cases of perforation. Persistent gastrointestinal signs were reported in 4.7% of cases within the initial 72‐h period following FB removal and 11.9% cases outside this time period. Respiratory signs such as dyspnoea and coughing were also reported in 8 cases (2.3%), all of which occurred within 72 h after FB removal. Follow‐up of at least 1 month was available in 151 cases. Delayed complications occurred in 11 cases (7.3%), with stricture occurring in 4 cases (2.6%); 16 animals were either euthanased (n = 14) or died (n = 2) post‐FB removal, resulting in a case fatality rate of 4.6%.ConclusionUse of antacid medications and FB type did not have a statistically significant relationship with complications following FB removal.
Lenalidomide plus rituximab (R2) in previously untreated marginal zone lymphoma: subgroup analysis and long‐term follow‐up of an open‐label phase 2 trial
Authors: Becnel Melody R. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Samaniego Felipe , Davis Richard E. , You M. J. , Green Michael , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Fanale Michelle A. , Fayad Luis E. , Westin Jason R. , Wang Michael , Oki Yasuhiro , Forbes Sheryl G. , Feng Lei , Neelapu Sattva S. , Fowler Nathan H. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryLack of consensus for first‐line marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) treatment and toxicities associated with currently available systemic therapies have inspired evaluation of immunotherapeutic agents yielding robust outcomes with improved tolerability. We previously reported durable efficacy with first‐line lenalidomide and rituximab (R2) in follicular lymphoma, MZL and small lymphocytic lymphoma with a subsequent long‐term follow‐up shown here in MZL patients. This phase 2 investigator‐initiated study included previously untreated, stage III/IV MZL patients treated with lenalidomide 20 mg/day on days 1–21 and rituximab 375 mg/m2 on day 1 of each 28‐day cycle, continuing in responders for ≥6–12 cycles. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR); secondary endpoints were complete and partial response (CR, PR), safety, and progression‐free survival (PFS). The ORR was 93% with 70% attaining CR/CR unconfirmed. At median follow‐up of 75·1 months, median PFS was 59·8 months and 5‐year OS was 96%. Most non‐haematological adverse events (AE) were grade 1/2. Grade 3 haematological AEs were neutropenia (33%) and leucopenia (7%), and grade 4 were leucopenia (3%) and thrombocytopenia (3%). Two patients died of secondary malignancies; no treatment‐related fatalities occurred. With extended follow‐up, outcomes for MZL patients receiving R2 were robust with no unexpected late or delayed toxicities.
Risk of hospitalised bleeding in comparisons of oral anticoagulant options for the primary treatment of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Lutsey Pamela L. , Zakai Neil A. , MacLehose Richard F. , Norby Faye L. , Walker Rob F. , Roetker Nicholas S. , Adam Terrence J. , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: March 2019

SummaryUnderstanding of the comparative bleeding risks of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapies for the primary treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is limited. Therefore, among anticoagulant‐naïve VTE patients, we conducted comparisons of apixaban, rivaroxaban and warfarin on the rate of hospitalised bleeding within 180 days of OAC initation. MarketScan databases for the time‐period from 2011 to 2016 were used and, for each OAC comparison, new users were matched with up to five initiators of a different OAC. The final analysis included 83 985 VTE patients, who experienced 1944 hospitalised bleeding events. In multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models, rate of hospitalised bleeding was lower among new users of apixaban when compared to new users of rivaroxaban [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 0·58 (0·41–0·80)] or warfarin [0·68 (0·50–0·92)]. Overall, the hospitalised bleeding rate was similar when comparing new users of rivaroxaban to new users of warfarin [0·98 (0·68–1·11)], though there was some suggestion that rivaroxaban was associated with lower bleeding risk among younger individuals. Findings from this large real‐world population concur with results from the randomised trial which found lower bleeding risk with apixaban versus warfarin and, for the first time, reveal a lower risk of bleeding in a comparison of apixaban versus rivaroxaban.
Identification of susceptibility SNPs in CTLA-4 and PTPN22 for scleritis in Han Chinese
Authors: Li F , Ma X , Du L , Shi L , Cao Q , Li N , Pang T , Liu Y , Kijlstra A , Yang P 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the association between 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) genes with scleritis in a Chinese Han population. We recruited 432 scleritis patients and 710 healthy controls. Four tag SNPs of CTLA4 and nine tag SNPs of PTPN22 were selected using Haploview. Genotyping was performed with the Sequenom MassArray® iPLEX GOLD Assay. Genotype and allele frequency differences were analyzed by χ2 test and Bonferroni correction. Haplotype analysis was performed to further evaluate the association of these two genes with scleritis. In this study, CTLA4/rs3087243 G allele frequency and GG genotype frequency were significantly increased in scleritis patients compared to healthy controls [corrected P-value (Pc) = 0·02, odds ratio (OR) = 1·475, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·175–1·851; Pc = 0·04, OR = 1·546, 95% CI = 1·190–2·008, respectively]. None of the tested SNPs in the PTPN22 gene showed an association with scleritis. Haplotype analysis revealed a lower frequency of a CTLA4 TCAA haplotype (order of SNPs: rs733618, rs5742909, rs231775, rs3087243) (Pc = 4·26 × 10–3, OR = 0·618, 95% CI = 0·540–0·858) and a higher frequency of a PTPN22 TTATACGCG haplotype (order of SNPs: rs3789604, rs150426536, rs1746853, rs1217403, rs1217406, rs3789609, rs1217414, rs3789612, rs2488457) (Pc = 2·83 × 10–4, OR = 1·457, 95% CI = 1·210-1·754) in scleritis patients when compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CTLA4 and PTPN22 might confer genetic susceptibility to scleritis in a Chinese Han population.
High fructose-induced metabolic changes enhance inflammation in human dendritic cells
Authors: Jaiswal N , Agrawal S , Agrawal A 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical antigen-presenting cells which are the initiators and regulators of the immune response. Numerous studies support the idea that dietary sugars influence DC functions. Increased consumption of fructose has been thought to be the leading cause of metabolic disorders. Although evidence supports their association with immune dysfunction, the specific mechanisms are not well understood. Fructose is one of the main dietary sugars in our diet. Therefore, here we compared the effect of fructose and glucose on the functions of human DCs. High levels of D-fructose compared to D-glucose led to activation of DCs in vitro by promoting interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β production. Moreover, fructose exposed DCs also induced interferon (IFN)-γ secretion from T cells. Proinflammatory response of DCs in high fructose environment was found to be independent of the major known metabolic regulators or glycolytic control. Instead, DC activation on acute exposure to fructose was via activation of receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) in response to increased accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). However, chronic exposure of DCs to high fructose environment induced a shift towards glycolysis compared to glucose cultured DCs. Further investigations revealed that the AGEs formed by fructose induced increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in DCs compared to AGEs from glucose. In summary, understanding the link between metabolic changes and fructose-induced DC activation compared to glucose has broad implications for immune dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders.
A prospective study on glucagon responses to oral glucose and mixed meal and 7‐year change in fasting glucose
Authors: Koopman Anitra D. M. , Beulens Joline W. , van der Heijden Amber , Elders Petra , Dekker Jacqueline M. , Alssema Marjan , Rutters Femke 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIntroductionThe role of insufficient glucagon suppression after an oral load in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between glucagon responses at baseline and fasting glucose levels 7 years later.MethodsData of the Hoorn Meal Study were used, an observational cohort study among 121 persons without diabetes with a mean age of 61.1 ± 6.7 years and 50% being female. The glucagon response to an oral glucose tolerance test and mixed meal test was expressed as early and late incremental area under the curve. The association with change in fasting glucose levels at follow‐up was assessed by linear regression analysis.ResultsThe early glucagon response following the mixed meal test was associated with an increase in fasting glucose levels of 0.18 mmol/L (95%‐CI: 0.04‐0.31, P = 0.01), per unit increase in the incremental area under the curve of glucagon, adjusted for confounders. No significant associations were observed for the late response after the mixed meal test or oral glucose tolerance test.ConclusionsWithin a population without diabetes, relative lack of glucagon suppression early after a meal was associated with increased glucose levels over time, suggesting a role of insufficient glucagon suppression in the deterioration of glycaemic control.
Clinical outcome and factors determining new bone formation in lateral sinus membrane elevation with simultaneous implant placement without grafting material: A cross‐sectional, 3‐17 year follow‐up study
Authors: Lundgren Sofia , Johansson Anders S , Cricchio Giovanni , Lundgren Stefan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundLateral sinus membrane elevation with simultaneous implant placement without grafting material (graft‐less LSFE) is a widely investigated method for bone augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor. Long‐term follow‐up studies are rare.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the long‐term effects of implants placed with graft‐less LSFE.Materials and methodsThe study group was comprised of 111 patients previously treated with graft‐less LSFE. The first follow‐up visit, which occurred after a mean of 5 years after surgery, included a clinical examination, cone beam computerized tomography, and panorama or intraoral radiography. The second follow‐up included panorama or intraoral radiography, and it was conducted after a mean of 8 years.ResultsOverall, 218 implants were placed in 127 sinuses. Nine of the 218 implants failed resulting in an overall implant survival of 95.9%. The average bone gain at the follow‐up was 4.0 ±2.0 mm.ConclusionThe implant‐supported rehabilitation achieved using graft‐less LSFE was stable over time, and there was no or little impact on sinus health. Furthermore, it was concluded that the new bone formation and the amount of bone gain is proportional to the length of the implant protruding into the sinus cavity.
Immunity‐targeted approaches to the management of chronic and recurrent upper respiratory tract disorders in children
Authors: Feleszko Wojciech , Marengo Ricardo , Vieira Antonio Sousa , Ratajczak Karol , Mayorga Butrón José Luis 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundUpper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), including rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis and otitis media (OM), comprise of 88% of total respiratory infections, especially in children. Therefore effective prevention and treatment of RTIs remain a high priority worldwide. Preclinical and clinical data highlight the rationale for the use and effectiveness of immunity‐targeted approaches, including targeted immunisations and non‐specific immunomodulation in the prevention and management of recurrent upper RTIs.Objective of reviewThe idea of this review was to summarise the current evidence and address key questions concerning the use of conservative and immunity‐targeted approaches to recurrent and chronic URTIs, with a focus on the paediatric population.Search strategy/Evaluation methodLiterature searches were conducted in March 2017 and updated in September 2017 using: Academic Search Complete; CENTRAL; Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition; MEDLINE; clinicaltrials.gov; and Cochrane databases. In total, 84 articles were retrieved and reviewed. Two independent researchers focused on primary and secondary endpoints in systematic reviews, meta‐analyses and randomised, controlled trials, using immunity‐directed strategies as the control group or within a subpopulation of larger studies. Existing guidelines and interventional/observational studies on novel applications were also included.ResultsChildren are particularly susceptible to RTIs due to the relative immaturity of their immune systems, as well as other potential predisposing factors such as day care attendance and/or toxic environmental factors (eg increased pathogenic microbial exposure and air pollutants). Recurrent URTIs can affect otherwise healthy children, leading to clinical sequelae and complications, including the development of chronic conditions or the need for surgery. Available pre‐clinical and clinical data highlight the rationale for the use and effectiveness of immunity‐targeted approaches, including targeted immunisations (flu and pneumococcal vaccines) and non‐specific immunomodulation (bacterial lysates), in the prevention and management of recurrent croup, tonsillitis, otitis media, recurrent acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis.ConclusionsIn this review, we summarise the current evidence and provide data demonstrating that some immunity‐targeted strategies, including vaccination and immunomodulation, have proved effective in the treatment and prevention of recurrent and chronic URTIs in children.
Between Philanthropy and Big Business: The Rise of mHealth in the Global Health Market
Authors: Al Dahdah Marine 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWith more than 7 billion mobile connections in 2017, mobile phones have become the most widespread communication technology worldwide. From appointment reminders to mobile glucometers, healthcare systems are increasingly using mobile technologies to improve healthcare. These programmes, called ‘mHealth’, contribute to the present shift in international health described by many scholars as ‘global health’. The dynamics of globalization and commodification associated with global health are used to justify and encourage the spread of technical devices such as mHealth in the global South. Deployed by global players to respond to global challenges, mHealth engages strong participation by private actors. Based on the ethnography of an mHealth programme implemented in Africa and Asia, this article analyses the broader impact of mHealth initiatives on the contours of public health systems. It focuses specifically on power dynamics, philanthropic and market interests underlying the expansion of these new technical artefacts in the global South. It shows that advocates of mHealth play a major role in the commodification of health by addressing health issues as marketing cases and considering developing countries as untapped markets. It highlights how mHealth contributes to the creation of private health markets at the bottom of the pyramid in the global South that benefit the Northern digital economy.
Usefulness of septal thickness measurement on endoscopic ultrasound as a predictor of malignancy of branched‐duct and mixed‐type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Iwaya Hiromichi , Hijioka Susumu , Mizuno Nobumasa , Kuwahara Takamichi , Okuno Nozomi , Tajika Masahiro , Tanaka Tsutomu , Ishihara Makoto , Hirayama Yutaka , Onishi Sachiyo , Ito Ayako , Kuraoka Naosuke , Matsumoto Shinpei , Polmanee Petcharee , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Yatabe Yasushi , Niwa Yasumasa , Tamada Kiichi , Ido Akio , Hara Kazuo 
Published: March 2019

Background and AimSeptal thickness (ST) can predict a malignant branch‐duct (BD) and mixed‐type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas, but its cut‐off value has not been established. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal ST cut‐off value to predict malignancy using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS).MethodsWe retrospectively identified 200 patients with IPMN, including 132 with BD‐ and mixed‐IPMN, who underwent surgical resection between 1989 and 2017. ST was defined as the septum or lesion wall with the maximum diameter in BD‐ and mixed‐IPMN. The possibility of ST as a malignant predictor was examined, as well as the diagnostic ability of ST combined with mural nodule (MN) height for malignant IPMN.ResultsAmong the 132 IPMN patients, pathological diagnosis was benign in 81 (61.4%) and malignant in 51 (38.6%). Area under the curve for the diagnosis of malignancy using ST was 0.74 for pathological specimens, 0.70 for EUS and 0.56 for computed tomography. Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratios for ST ≥2.5 mm and MN height ≥5 mm were 3.51 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.55–7.97, P = 0.003] and 3.36 (95% CI, 1.52–7.45, P = 0.003), respectively.ConclusionsSeptal thickness was an independent predictive factor similar to MN height for malignant IPMN in a multivariate analysis. The ST on EUS appeared to be the thickness of a fibrotic septum associated with the malignant transformation of IPMN. An ST cut‐off value of 2.5 mm might provide an accurate prediction of malignant IPMN.
Arterial stiffness as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sharif S. , Visseren F. L. J. , Spiering W. , de Jong P. A. , Bots M. L. , Westerink J. ,   on behalf of the SMART study group
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo quantify the risk of different non‐invasive arterial stiffness measurements with macrovascular disease and all‐cause mortality in high‐risk people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 1910 people with Type 2 diabetes included in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) study. Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial artery pulse pressure, normal range (≥0.9) ankle–brachial index and carotid artery distension. Cox regression was used to evaluate the effects of arterial stiffness on risk of cardiovascular events (composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and vascular mortality) and all‐cause mortality.ResultsA total of 380 new cardiovascular events and 436 deaths occurred during a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 7.5 (4.1–11.0) years. A 10‐mmHg higher brachial pulse pressure was related to higher hazard of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.16) and all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.16). A 0.1‐point lower ankle–brachial index within the normal range was related to a higher hazard of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.27) and all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.17, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.31). A one‐unit (10−3×kPa−1) lower carotid artery distensibility coefficient was related to a higher hazard of vascular mortality (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09) and all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07).ConclusionIncreased arterial stiffness, as measured by either increased pulse pressure, normal‐range ankle–brachial index or carotid artery distensibility coefficient, is related to increased hazard of cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality in people with Type 2 diabetes.
Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with depression in patients with psychosis according to stage of illness
Authors: Kim Sung‐Wan , Kim Jung Jin , Lee Bong Ju , Yu Je‐Chun , Lee Kyu Young , Won Seung‐Hee , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Kim Seung‐Hyun , Kang Shi‐Hyun , Kim Euitae , Lee Ju‐Yeon , Kim Jae‐Min , Chung Young Chul 
Published: March 2019

AimThis study investigated the clinical characteristics and psychosocial factors associated with depression in patients with early psychosis according to stage of illness.MethodsThe present study includes patients who fulfil the DSM‐5 criteria for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Patients were divided into two groups according to illness stage (the acute stage of first‐episode psychosis and stabilization phase of recent‐onset psychosis). Clinically meaningful depression was defined as moderate or severe on the depression dimension of the Clinician‐Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity scale in the DSM‐5.ResultsIn total, 340 (207 first‐episode and 133 recent‐onset) patients were recruited in this study. Patients with comorbid depression were characterized by frequent suicidal ideation, a past suicide attempt, and lower scores on the Subjective Well‐being Under Neuroleptics and Brief Resilience Scale in both groups. Long duration of untreated psychosis and higher scores on the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report were associated with depression in the acute stage of first‐episode psychosis. In the stabilization phase of recent‐onset psychosis group, a monthly income and scores for sexual desire and on the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale‐III were significantly lower in patients with depression than in those without depression.ConclusionComorbid depression was associated with high suicidality, lower quality of life and poor resilience in patients with first‐episode and recent‐onset psychosis. Depression was associated with factors that had been present before the initiation of treatment in patients with first‐episode psychosis and with environmental factors in those in the stabilization phase.
“The Kids Were My Drive”: Shattered Families, Moral Striving, and the Loss of Parental Selves in the Wake of Homelessness
Authors: Carpenter‐Song Elizabeth 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article, I theorize a form of madness induced by state intervention to terminate parental rights in the wake of homelessness and mental illness in Vermont. This argument is grounded in the experiences of two families unfolding over the course of five years, when they were participants in a longitudinal study of rural homelessness. Homelessness renders families vulnerable to the gaze of social workers, health professionals, law enforcement, and other “helping” professions. As parents interface with professionals to meet survival needs, they risk having their economic insecurity and often‐fragile mental health call into question their adequacy as parents. Through close ethnographic attention to two families, I trace the devastating subjective effects of losing children to state custody. The traumatic rupture of intersubjective familial ties produces tectonic shifts in parents' needs and ways of being‐in‐the‐world. The unraveling of family life results in the gradual erosion, and eventual loss, of parental selves.