bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Extreme Drought Risk Through Classical and Bayesian Paradigms
Authors: Ahmad Touqeer , Sabir Safoorah , Arshad Irshad Ahmad , Hasan Taha , Albalawi Olayan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDrought poses significant challenges to both the environment and the economy, necessitating proactive mitigation strategies. This study introduces both classical and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) extreme value probabilistic models for quantifying drought risk. The models utilise the generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution to characterise the distribution of standardised precipitation index (SPI) and non‐stationary standardised precipitation index (NSSPI) variables. Drought risk is probabilistically assessed across five regions in Baluchistan (a drought‐prone area of Pakistan) over two 20‐year periods per region. The study presents a novel approach in probabilistic quantification models, demonstrating slight performance improvement with the Bayesian MCMC paradigm, as evaluated by the continuously ranked probability scoring. Moreover, the application of the presented methodology can be extended to other climatic zones using Bayesian MCMC with informative priors constructed from historical records of the neighbouring regions.
Clinical efficacy and biomechanical analysis of a novel hollow pedicle screw combined with kyphoplasty for the treatment of Kümmell disease
Authors: Zhong Shixiao , Zhong Hui , Huang Kun , Zhao Yayu , Lei Wen , Li Weichao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundVertebral augmentation is the preferred treatment for Kümmell disease (KD), but there exists a risk of cement displacement resulting in severe back pain and exacerbation of kyphosis. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel hollow pedicle screw combined with kyphoplasty (HPS‐KP) for treating KD, effectively preventing postoperative bone cement displacement.MethodsThe prospective study included 50 KD patients with no neurological deficit detected during clinical and radiological evaluation who underwent HPS‐KP (n = 25) and PKP (n = 25) surgeries. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), anterior vertebral height (AVH), wedge‐shape affected vertebral Cobb angle (WCA), bisegmental Cobb angle (BCA), and complications were evaluated and compared in both groups. Besides, a finite element (FE) model of T11‐L2 was constructed. The stress distributions, maximum von Mises stresses of vertebrae and bone cement, and maximum displacement of bone cement were compared and analyzed.ResultsThe VAS and ODI scores at 3 days, 3 and 6 months, and 1 year after surgery significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05). The AVH, BCA, and WCA significantly improved initially after the surgery in both groups (p < 0.05). The displacement of M2 was larger than other models, especially in flexion, right bending, and left and right rotation, while that of M6 was the lowest under all conditions.ConclusionHPS‐KP was a safe and effective treatment for KD, effectively relieving pain, restoring vertebral height, and correcting local kyphosis, and it had better biomechanical stability and safety than ordinary single PKP and PKP combined with pediculoplasty in avoiding cement loosening and displacement.
Cut‐off value for the posterior tibial slope indicating the risk for retear of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Dracic Anel , Zeravica Domagoj , Zovko Ivica , Jäger Marcus , Beck Sascha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThe significance of the posterior tibial slope (PTS) has increasingly come into focus in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction being a risk factor for ACL graft failure. Nevertheless, inconsistent data on the critical value of the PTS exist. The purpose of this study was to define a cut‐off value for the PTS in ACL surgery.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, 350 revision ACL reconstructions (ACL‐RR) with a failed ACL hamstring graft and 350 primary ACL reconstructions (ACL‐R) were matched according to age, gender, concomitant injuries and graft characteristics and compared to a healthy control group. Using the proximal anatomic axis, lateral knee radiographs were evaluated for the PTS, interrater reliability was defined, ROC curves, Fischer's exact test and Baptista–Pike method were applied to define specificity and the odds ratio for a critical PTS value.ResultsRadiographic evaluation proved excellent interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.969). Evaluation of the PTS revealed 10.0 ± 2.2 (5–15) degrees in the ACL‐RR group, 7.8 ± 1.8 (4.2–13) degrees in the ACL‐R group and 6.6 ± 1.9 (3.6–12) degrees in the control group with significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). A PTS value of 10.1 degrees proved a specificity of 98% for the prediction of an ACL graft failure and indicated an 11‐fold risk for a retear of the ACL.ConclusionA PTS exceeding 10.1 degrees carries an 11‐fold risk for ACL graft failure and, therefore, should be considered in ACL reconstruction. These findings might serve as a cut‐off value for the indication of a slope‐reducing high tibial osteotomy in ACL surgery.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Subcutaneous and Topical Tranexamic Acid Use During Rhytidectomy
Authors: Pou Jason D. , Matabele Maya N. , Robertson Kevin M. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTranexamic acid is a potential rhytidectomy adjunct; however, its route of administration, benefits, and safety remain a topic of debate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of topical and subcutaneous TXA during rhytidectomy.MethodsThis is a retrospective, 3‐arm analysis of a single surgeon's practice from Aug. 2019 to Nov. 2023. 175 consecutive patients underwent rhytidectomy; 55 did not receive TXA (8/2019–12/2020), 65 received intraoperative topical 25 mg/mL TXA (1/2021–7/2022), and 55 received subcutaneous 5 mg/mL TXA (7/2022–11/2023). Measured outcomes included drain output, bruising, operative time, estimated blood loss, and complications.ResultsSubcutaneous and topical TXA had similar drain outputs (11.32 mL vs. 12.98 mL, respectively) and bruising scores (20.93 vs. 22.12, respectively). These were significantly less than the control group (24.05 mL, p < 0.001 and 36.28, p < 0.001, respectively). The subcutaneous group operative time (196.13 min) was less than the topical and control groups (212.72 min, p = 0.01; 207.90 min, p = 0.037, respectively) in patients who underwent rhytidectomy with platysmaplasty. EBL and seroma formation in the subcutaneous TXA group were significantly less than the control (23.92 mL vs. 31.67 mL, p = 0.011; 3.60% vs. 18.18%, p = 0.03, respectively). Hematoma, epidermolysis, and infection rates were similar between all groups.ConclusionBoth topical and subcutaneous TXA use during rhytidectomy are associated with reduced postoperative drain output and bruising without an increased risk of complications. Subcutaneous TXA has the added associated benefit of decreasing operative time, EBL, and seroma formation.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 2024
PLA Double‐Spirals Offering Enhanced Spatial Extensibility
Authors: Jafarpour Mohsen , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInspired by natural spiral curves, this study aims to present a strategy to find a compromise between extensibility and load‐bearing capacity in structures made from polylactic acid (PLA) as a brittle material. Herein, four geometrically distinct double‐spiral modules are fabricated using a three‐dimensional (3D) printer and subjected to tension, in‐plane sliding, and out‐of‐plane sliding to assess both their in‐plane and out‐of‐plane mechanical performance. Subsequently, a modular spiral‐based metastructure is developed and tested under tension in two different directions. The results show that the maximum extension of the modules under different loading scenarios varies from 9 to 86 mm, while their load‐bearing capacity ranges between 18 and 78 N. These significant variations highlight the considerable influence of both geometry and loading conditions on the mechanical behavior of the double‐spiral modules. Moreover, the 250% horizontal and 130% vertical extensibility of the metastructure emphasize the importance of the spatial orientation of the modules in determining the efficiency of spiral‐based metastructures. This study suggests that double‐spirals with adjustable mechanical properties, if designed rationally, can offer a promising strategy to address the limited deformability of materials like PLA, and when arranged in specific spatial configurations, they can contribute to the development of energy‐dissipative metastructures with enhanced extensibility.
Leveling the Playing Field… in Private: The Interplay of Malicious Envy and Anonymity in Online Revenge
Authors: Usman Umair , Ziegler Alexander H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the dynamics between malicious envy, anonymity, and consumer revenge behaviors, specifically under conditions of perceived unfairness related to access to desirable products or services. Utilizing a theoretical framework based on impression management, we conducted three experimental studies to examine how individuals balance their retributive desires with the need to maintain social approval, particularly focusing on the settings—public versus anonymous—where these behaviors manifest. Our findings reveal how malicious envy acts as a mediator between perceived injustices and revenge behaviors. Moreover, the current research highlights that anonymity, or the lack thereof, significantly influences the likelihood of retaliatory actions, with more punitive actions occurring under conditions that protect consumers' self‐presentation. These insights contribute to our understanding of malicious envy and impression management in consumption settings by illustrating how the public or anonymous nature of actions can modulate the interplay between malicious envy and the desire for revenge. For marketing practitioners, the findings suggest that strategies involving consumer engagement, particularly those that could evoke envy, should carefully consider the potential for negative anonymous feedback.
Why We Need Desirable Properties in Pairwise Comparison Methods?
Authors: Perzina Radomír , Ramík Jaroslav 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPairwise comparison matrices (PCMs) are inevitable tools in some important multiple‐criteria decision‐making methods, for example AHP/ANP, TOPSIS, PROMETHEE and others. In this paper, we investigate some important properties of PCMs which influence the generated priority vectors for the final ranking of the given alternatives. The main subproblem of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is to calculate the priority vectors, that is, the weights assigned to the elements of the hierarchy (criteria, sub‐criteria, and/or alternatives or variants), by using the information provided in the form of a pairwise comparison matrix. Given a set of elements, and a corresponding pairwise comparison matrix, whose entries evaluate the relative importance of the elements with respect to a given criterion, the final ranking of the given alternatives is evaluated. We investigate some important and natural properties of PCMs called the desirable properties, particularly, the non‐dominance, consistency, intensity and coherence, which influence the generated priority vectors. Usually, the priority vector is calculated based on some well‐known method, for example, the Eigenvector Method, the Arithmetic Mean Method, the Geometric Mean Method, the Least Square Method, and so forth. The novelty of our approach is that the priority vector is calculated as the solution of an optimization problem where an error objective function is minimised with respect to constraints given by the desirable properties. The properties of the optimal solution are discussed and some illustrating examples are presented. The corresponding software tool has been developed and demonstrated in some examples.
Learning soft tissue deformation from incremental simulations
Authors: Lampen Nathan , Kim Daeseung , Xu Xuanang , Fang Xi , Lee Jungwook , Kuang Tianshu , Deng Hannah H. , Liebschner Michael A. K. , Gateno Jaime , Yan Pingkun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical planning for orthognathic procedures demands swift and accurate biomechanical modeling of facial soft tissues. Efficient simulations are vital in the clinical pipeline, as surgeons may iterate through multiple plans. Biomechanical simulations typically use the finite element method (FEM). Prior works divide FEM simulations into increments to enhance convergence and accuracy. However, this practice elongates simulation time, thereby impeding clinical integration. To accelerate simulations, deep learning (DL) models have been explored. Yet, previous efforts either perform simulations in a single step or neglect the temporal aspects in incremental simulations.PurposeThis study investigates the use of spatiotemporal incremental modeling for biomechanics simulations of facial soft tissue.MethodsWe implement the method using a graph neural network. Our method synergizes spatial features with temporal aggregation using DL networks trained on incremental FEM simulations from 17 subjects that underwent orthognathic surgery.ResultsOur proposed spatiotemporal incremental method achieved a mean accuracy of 0.37 mm with a mean computation time of 1.52 s. In comparison, a spatial‐only incremental method yielded a mean accuracy of 0.44 mm and a mean computation time of 1.60 s, while a spatial‐only single‐step method yielded a mean accuracy of 0.41 mm and a mean computation time of 0.05 s.ConclusionsStatistical analysis demonstrated that the spatiotemporal incremental method reduced mean errors compared to the spatial‐only incremental method, emphasizing the importance of incorporating temporal information in incremental simulations. Overall, we successfully implemented spatiotemporal incremental learning tailored to simulate soft tissue deformation while substantially reducing simulation time compared to FEM.
Estimation of fatty acid composition in mammary adipose tissue using deep neural network with unsupervised training
Authors: Chaudhary Suneeta , Lane Elizabeth G. , Levy Allison , McGrath Anika , Mema Eralda , Reichmann Melissa , Dodelzon Katerina , Simon Katherine , Chang Eileen , Nickel Marcel Dominik , Moy Linda , Drotman Michele , Kim Sungheon Gene 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop a deep learning–based method for robust and rapid estimation of the fatty acid composition (FAC) in mammary adipose tissue.MethodsA physics‐based unsupervised deep learning network for estimation of fatty acid composition‐network (FAC‐Net) is proposed to estimate the number of double bonds and number of methylene‐interrupted double bonds from multi‐echo bipolar gradient‐echo data, which are subsequently converted to saturated, mono‐unsaturated, and poly‐unsaturated fatty acids. The loss function was based on a 10 fat peak signal model. The proposed network was tested with a phantom containing eight oils with different FAC and on post‐menopausal women scanned using a whole‐body 3T MRI system between February 2022 and January 2024. The post‐menopausal women included a control group (n = 8) with average risk for breast cancer and a cancer group (n = 7) with biopsy‐proven breast cancer.ResultsThe FAC values of eight oils in the phantom showed strong correlations between the measured and reference values (R2 > 0.9 except chain length). The FAC values measured from scan and rescan data of the control group showed no significant difference between the two scans. The FAC measurements of the cancer group conducted before contrast and after contrast showed a significant difference in saturated fatty acid and mono‐unsaturated fatty acid. The cancer group has higher saturated fatty acid than the control group, although not statistically significant.ConclusionThe results in this study suggest that the proposed FAC‐Net can be used to measure the FAC of mammary adipose tissue from gradient‐echo MRI data of the breast.
Shape Optimization of Tunable Poisson's Ratio Metamaterials With Disk B‐Splines
Authors: Ye Yihui , Zheng Nan , Zhai Xiaoya , Kang Hongmei , Chen Falai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose an explicit representation method using disk B‐splines for Poisson's ratio metamaterial design. Disk B‐spline representation generalizes the concept of the B‐spline control point into a control disk, enhancing the ability to manipulate both the shape and thickness of the region. Therefore, this representation is frequently employed for shape optimization. The optimized metamaterials described by disk B‐spline are decomposed into a sequence of circles constructing one implicit function. A novel optimization model based on disk B‐spline representation is proposed, and the homogenization theory is used for calculating effective Poisson's ratio (PR). The numerical examples contained missing rib metamaterials, petal‐like metamaterials, and extreme PR metamaterials, which are studies to illustrate the advantages and effectiveness. By explicitly manipulating the parameters of the disk's B‐spline, a broad spectrum of unexpectedly negative Poisson's ratio from ‐0.1 to ‐0.9 sequences can be achieved, and arbitrary Poisson's ratios structures can be obtained through interpolating continuous parameters. It's also extended to encompass 3D structures. We validate the accuracy of our results by comparing them with simulations performed using commercial software.
Inference‐Oriented Balanced Truncation for Quadratic Dynamical Systems: Formulation for Bayesian Smoothing and Model Stability Analysis
Authors: Freitag Melina A. , König Josie , Qian Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe posterior distribution for nonlinear Bayesian inverse problems often has to be estimated via sampling and requires many simulations of the forward model, which can be computationally expensive when the forward model requires simulating a high‐dimensional dynamical system. This can be remedied by using a reduced forward model that captures the important dynamics of the high‐dimensional dynamical system. In systems theory, balanced truncation methods obtain efficient reduced models by projecting the high‐dimensional model operators onto the space spanned by dominant eigenvectors of the system Gramians. In this paper, we consider Bayesian smoothing problems for quadratic dynamical systems and introduce inference‐oriented Gramians that define a procedure for model reduction by balanced truncation. We provide a stability analysis of the resulting quadratic nonlinear model and support the analysis with a numerical example.
Surrogate Modeling for Active Drag Reduction in Turbulent Boundary Layer Flows Using Multitask Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Hübenthal Fabian , Meinke Matthias , Schröder Wolfgang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSingle‐ and multitask Gaussian process regression (GPR), termed sGPR and mGPR, are investigated as surrogate models to guide the design of actuation parameters for active drag reduction techniques in turbulent boundary layer (TBL) flows. The turbulent flow over a flat plate, which serves as a first step approximation to more realistic scenarios such as airfoil applications, is subjected to spanwise traveling transversal sinusoidal surface waves and simulated by wall‐resolved large‐eddy simulations (LESs). These simulation data are used to model the dependence of the two objective functions, that is, relative drag reduction and relative net power savings, on the actuation parameters, that is, the optimization variables. This work extends previous studies, which focus on single‐task surrogate modeling of relative drag reduction only, to enhance the prediction quality of relative net power savings to identify promising regions of actuation parameters by learning and leveraging mGPR‐based correlations between the two objective functions, that is, relative drag reduction and relative net power savings.
High‐fidelity and iterative affinity extraction of hyaluronan
Authors: Erxleben Dorothea A. , Rivas Felipe , Smith Ian , Poddar Suruchi , DeAngelis Paul L. , Rahbar Elaheh , Hall Adam R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) serves a variety of crucial physiological functions in vertebrates. Synthesized at the plasma membrane and secreted into the extracellular environment, HA polymers span a wide range of molecular weights (MW) that define their activity through a notable size‐function relationship. Analytical technologies for determining HA MW distributions typically require selective extraction from complex biofluids or tissues. A common method for achieving this is immunoprecipitation‐like pull‐down using specific HA‐binding proteins bound to magnetic beads. Here, we present a systematic investigation of experimental variables involved in this process, leading to an affinity extraction protocol that enables iterative bead reuse and reagent lifetime maximization, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the HA extraction process. Our methods provide a framework for general optimization of immunoprecipitation in other contexts with heterogenous analyte sizes.
The Renewing Intimacy and SExuality Intervention for Female Cancer Survivors: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Teo Irene , Tan Yee Pin , Goh Alyssa , Pan Fang Ting , Tan Tira J. , Ozdemir Semra , Cheung Yin Bun , Chaudhry Isha , Razali Nurul Syaza , Tewani Komal G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a three‐session, psychological‐based intervention to improve intimacy and sexuality outcomes among women with breast and gynaecologic cancer in Singapore.MethodPatients from outpatient oncology clinics completed screeners for marital and sexual distress. Those who endorsed either marital or sexual distress were invited into the study, and were randomized to receive the intervention immediately or be waitlisted. Intervention feasibility (i.e., reach, adherence) and acceptability (i.e., satisfaction, cultural sensitivity, willingness to pay) and marital, sexual, and body image outcome changes were examined.Results1101 patients completed the screener; 24% of patients with breast or gynaecologic cancer reported marital or sexual distress. Forty‐six patients who were eligible participated in the study. The majority (88%) of participants who started the intervention completed all 3 sessions. All (100%) participants who completed the intervention reported satisfaction and the majority (97%) reported they would recommend the intervention to a friend. The majority of participants found the intervention to be culturally sensitive (93%) and reported being willing to pay either out of pocket or through their national medical MediSave account (76%). Outcome changes were in expected directions with small effect sizes (0.24–0.42). Several themes emerged from open‐ended feedback on what participants found useful and how the intervention can be improved.ConclusionsApproximately one quarter of breast or gynaecologic cancer patient who are partnered in Singapore reported marital or sexual distress. Despite the low reach, we found good adherence and high acceptability of the psychological‐based intervention. Our findings suggest there is room to improve awareness and delivery of sexuality‐related care in an oncology setting.Trial RegistrationNumber and date: NCT03420547, April 10, 2018