bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease prevention and delayed aging by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction: translational implications
Authors: Dong Zhen , Sinha Raghu , Richie John P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSulfur amino acids (SAAs) play numerous critical roles in metabolism and overall health maintenance. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that SAA‐restricted diets have many beneficial effects, including extending life span and preventing the development of a variety of diseases. Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) is characterized by chronic restrictions of methionine and cysteine but not calories and is associated with reductions in body weight, adiposity and oxidative stress, and metabolic changes in adipose tissue and liver resulting in enhanced insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. SAAR‐induced changes in blood biomarkers include reductions in insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, glucose, and leptin and increases in adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor 21. On the basis of these preclinical data, SAAR may also have similar benefits in humans. While little is known of the translational significance of SAAR, its potential feasibility in humans is supported by findings of its effectiveness in rodents, even when initiated in adult animals. To date, there have been no controlled feeding studies of SAAR in humans; however, there have been numerous relevant epidemiologic and disease‐based clinical investigations reported. Here, we summarize observations from these clinical investigations to provide insight into the potential effectiveness of SAAR for humans.
Oesophageal atresia: Are “long gap” patients at greater anesthetic risk?
Authors: Powell Laura , Frawley Jacinta , Crameri Joe , Teague Warwick J. , Frawley Geoff P. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundLong gap oesophageal atresia occurs in approximately 10% of all oesophageal atresia infants and surgical repair is often difficult with significant postoperative complications. Our aim was to describe the perioperative course, morbidity, and early results following repair of long gap oesophageal atresia and to identify factors which may be associated with complications.MethodsThis is a single center retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with oesophageal atresia undergoing surgical repair at The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne from January 2006 to June 2017.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐nine consecutive oesophageal atresia infants included 44 long gap oesophageal atresia infants and 195 non‐long gap infants. A high rate of prematurity (24.7%), major cardiac (17%), and other surgically relevant malformations (12.6%) was found in both groups. The median age at oesophageal anastomosis surgery was 65.5 days for the long gap group vs 1 day for the oesophageal atresia group (mean difference 56.8 days, 95% CI 48.1‐65.5 days, P < .01). Surgery for long gap oesophageal atresia included immediate primary anastomosis (n = 10), delayed primary anastomosis (n = 11), oesophageal lengthening techniques (n = 12) and primary oesophageal replacement (n = 6). Long gap oesophageal atresia was not associated with an increased incidence of difficult intubation (OR 2.8, 95% CI 0.6‐22.1, P = .17), intraoperative hypoxemia (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.6‐4.5, P = .32), or hypotension (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.5‐1.8, P = .81). The surgical duration (177.7 vs 202.1 minute, mean difference [95% CI], 28 [5.5‐50.4 minutes], P = .04) and mean duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation (107 vs 199.8 hours, mean difference [95% CI], 91.8 [34.5‐149.1 hours], P < .01) were shorter for the non‐long gap group. Overall in‐hospital mortality was 7.5% (15.9% long gap vs 5.6% non‐long gap oesophageal atresia OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.4‐3.4, P = .85).ConclusionLong gap oesophageal atresia infants have a similar incidence of perioperative complications to other infants with oesophageal atresia. Current surgical approaches to long gap repair, however, are associated with longer anesthetic exposures and require multiple procedures in infancy to achieve oesophageal continuity.
Train‐of‐four recovery precedes twitch recovery during reversal with sugammadex in pediatric patients: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Vieira Carlos Ricardo , Luis Abramides Torres Marcelo , de Boer Hans Donald 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundAfter reversal of a rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex, the recovery of train‐of‐four ratio to 0.9 is faster than recovery of first twitch of the train‐of‐four to 90% in adults. These findings after reversal of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex have not yet been investigated in pediatric patients.AimsThe aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the relationship of the recovery of first twitch of the train‐of‐four height and train‐of‐four ratio after reversal of rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex in pediatric patients.MethodsPatients ASA I‐III, aged 2‐11 years, and who underwent abdominal and/or perineal surgery were included in the analysis. After extracting the necessary data from the hospital database, the patients were divided into 2 groups based on the dose of sugammadex received: group A: 2 mg.kg−1 for reversal of moderate neuromuscular blockade and group B: 4 mg.kg−1 for reversal of deep neuromuscular blockade. The relationship of the recovery of first twitch of the train‐of‐four height and train‐of‐four ratio in these 2 groups were analyzed.ResultsData from 43 pediatric patients aged 2‐11 years could be analyzed. The first twitch of the train‐of‐four height at the recovery of train‐of‐four ratio to 0.9 in group B was statistically significantly lower compared with group A. This height 3 and 5 minutes after the train‐of‐four ratio reached 0.9 showed no statistically significant differences between groups.ConclusionThe results were in line with the results found in adults and showed that the train‐of‐four ratio recovered to 0.9 was faster than first twitch of the train‐of‐four height recovered to the same level.
Attachment style among outpatients with substance use disorders in psychological treatment
Authors: Gidhagen Ylva , Holmqvist Rolf , Philips Björn 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo explore the associations between self‐rated attachment style, psychological distress and substance use among substance use disorder (SUD) outpatients in psychological treatment.Design and MethodsIn this practice‐based study, 108 outpatients were asked to fill in the Experiences in Close Relationships – Short form, the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) at treatment start and end. Patients were given psychological treatments with a directive, reflective or supportive orientation.ResultsAn insecure attachment style was more common among the SUD outpatients, compared to non‐clinical groups. Patients with a fearful attachment style scored higher on psychological distress than patients with a secure attachment style. The associations between the attachment dimensions and psychological distress were stronger than those between attachment and SUD. Significantly more patients had a secure attachment style at treatment end.ConclusionsThis study shows significant relations between patients’ attachment style and their initial psychological distress. The causal relationship between attachment style and psychological distress is, however, not clear and can likely go in both directions. The psychological treatment of patients with SUD contributed significantly to changes from insecure to secure attachment style.Practitioner Points

We found among patients with SUD a strong relation between patients’ attachment style and their psychological distress.

Knowledge of the patient's attachment style may help the therapist to tailor the treatment to the patient's needs.

A change from insecure to secure attachment style can be an important goal for a SUD treatment, as it may prevent the patient from using defence strategies involving substance use for regulating emotions and interpersonal relationships.
Constructive Criticism: Shaming, Incentives, and Human Rights Reforms
Authors: Kahn‐Nisser Sara 
Published: February 2018

Shaming is an increasingly common practice. However, empirical evidence suggest that it does not always induce human rights (HR) reforms, and its effect is conditioned by intervening factors. This article hypothesizes that the combination of shaming and incentives induces policy changes in targeted countries. The hypothesis is tested using newly coded data that include 15 countries from Europe, Asia, and Africa that have been subject to the combination of shaming and incentives, as part of the European Neighborhood Policy. The article analyzes changes in the studied countries' HR policies. The results confirm the hypothesis that shaming and incentives enhance one another's effects on HR policies and induce policy reforms in targeted countries.Related Articles

Collins, Stephen D. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 ():737‐764. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00256.x/abstract

Waheduzzaman, Wahed, and
Sharif As‐Saber. 2015. “.” Politics & Policy 43 (): 474‐501. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12121/abstract

Walsh, James I. 2005. “.” Politics & Policy 33 (): 642‐670. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2005.tb00217.x/abstract
Related Media
. 2015. “Towards a New European Neighbourhood Policy.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pr6EhULtzQ4

. 2016. “Guy Peters on New Institutionalism.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkY5qQxpdPU

. 2017. “Protection and Promotion of Human Rights.” http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/human-rights/
An Exploratory Case Study Focusing on the Creation, Orientation, and Development of a New Political Brand: The Case of the Jury Team
Authors: Pich Christopher , Armannsdottir Guja , Spry Louise 
Published: February 2018

There are explicit calls for deeper understanding of the creation, orientation, and development of “new” political brands from an “internal relational” perspective. Responding to this gap in the body of knowledge, this study explores the establishment, orientation, and position of the Jury Team; a U.K. political brand founded in March 2008. This article opted for an exploratory case study approach. Interviews were conducted with the Party founder‐leader. Semistructured interviews were conducted from September 2012 to October 2013. Transcripts were analyzed via qualitative thematic analysis. This research presents the challenges that face new political brands, particularly the barriers from the media and existing political system and difficulties with managing candidates and a national‐local campaign. Further, this study provides a “political brand development matrix” for brands within and beyond politics; a mechanism to deconstruct their offering and make adaptations if required.Related Articles

König, Pascal D., and
Georg Wenzelburger. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 400‐430. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12076/full
Related Media
. 2009. “Rantzen Backs Jury Team Project.” May 20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8059333.stm

. 2009. “European Election 2009: UK Results.” June 8. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/elections/euro/09/html/ukregion_999999.stm
Single‐Party Rule, Public Spending, and Political Rents: Evidence from Finnish Municipalities*
Authors: Meriläinen Jaakko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper, I investigate the differences in public spending and extraction of political rents between single‐party and coalition governments. Common pool theories predict that coalitions tend to spend more and extract more rents than single‐party governments. Using data from Finnish municipalities for the years 1997–2012 and a regression discontinuity design approach tailored for proportional elections, I provide causal evidence consistent with the theoretical predictions.
A novel image processing workflow for the in vivo quantification of skin microvasculature using dynamic optical coherence tomography
Authors: Zugaj D. , Chenet A. , Petit L. , Vaglio J. , Pascual T. , Piketty C. , Bourdes V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, imaging technologies that can accurately assess or provide surrogate markers of the human cutaneous microvessel network are limited. Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) allows the detection of blood flow in vivo and visualization of the skin microvasculature. However, image processing is necessary to correct images, filter artifacts, and exclude irrelevant signals. The objective of this study was to develop a novel image processing workflow to enhance the technical capabilities of D‐OCT.Materials and methodsSingle‐center, vehicle‐controlled study including healthy volunteers aged 18‐50 years. A capsaicin solution was applied topically on the subject's forearm to induce local inflammation. Measurements of capsaicin‐induced increase in dermal blood flow, within the region of interest, were performed by laser Doppler imaging (LDI) (reference method) and D‐OCT.ResultsSixteen subjects were enrolled. A good correlation was shown between D‐OCT and LDI, using the image processing workflow. Therefore, D‐OCT offers an easy‐to‐use alternative to LDI, with good repeatability, new robust morphological features (dermal‐epidermal junction localization), and quantification of the distribution of vessel size and changes in this distribution induced by capsaicin. The visualization of the vessel network was improved through bloc filtering and artifact removal. Moreover, the assessment of vessel size distribution allows a fine analysis of the vascular patterns.ConclusionThe newly developed image processing workflow enhances the technical capabilities of D‐OCT for the accurate detection and characterization of microcirculation in the skin. A direct clinical application of this image processing workflow is the quantification of the effect of topical treatment on skin vascularization.
Synergistic effects of intravenous and intra‐articular tranexamic acid on reducing hemoglobin loss in revision total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Yuan Xiangwei , Wang Jiaxing , Wang Qiaojie , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDTranexamic acid decreases blood loss in primary total knee arthroplasty, and no related prospective randomized clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in revision total knee arthroplasty. Thus, we conducted this work to evaluate the synergistic effects of intravenous plus intra‐articular tranexamic acid on reducing hemoglobin loss compared with intra‐articular tranexamic acid alone in revision total knee arthroplasty.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis prospective, controlled study randomized 96 patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty into two groups: an intravenous plus intra‐articular tranexamic acid group (48 patients who received 20 mg/kg intravenous tranexamic acid and 3.0 g intra‐articular tranexamic acid); and an intra‐articular tranexamic acid alone group (48 patients who received the same intravenous volume of normal saline and 3.0 g intra‐articular tranexamic acid). The primary outcome was hemoglobin loss. Secondary outcomes included the volume of drain output, the percentage of patients who received transfusions, the number of units transfused, and thromboembolic events.RESULTSThe baseline data, preoperative hemoglobin, and tourniquet time were similar in both groups. There was significantly less hemoglobin loss in the intravenous plus intra‐articular tranexamic acid group compared with the intra‐articular tranexamic acid alone group (2.7 ± 0.6 g/dL and 3.7 ± 0.7 g/dL; p < 0.001). Compared with the intra‐articular tranexamic acid alone group, the intravenous plus intra‐articular tranexamic acid group also had significantly less drain output, fewer patients who received transfusions, and fewer units transfused (all p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in thromboembolic events in the two groups during the 3‐month follow‐up.CONCLUSIONCompared with intra‐articular tranexamic acid alone, combined intravenous plus intra‐articular tranexamic acid significantly reduced hemoglobin loss and the need for transfusion without an apparent increase in thromboembolic events in patients who underwent revision total knee arthroplasty.
Hyperleukocytosis in infant acute leukemia: a role for manual exchange transfusion for leukoreduction
Authors: Runco Daniel V. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Raikar Sunil S. , Goldsmith Kelly C. , Lew Glen , Pauly Melinda , Fasano Ross M. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDHyperleukocytosis is a serious, life‐threatening complication of pediatric acute leukemia that can cause neurologic injury, pulmonary leukostasis, metabolic derangements, and coagulopathy. Acute leukemia has the highest risk of mortality and morbidity at presentation when associated with hyperleukocytosis. Infant leukemia presents unique challenges and treatment considerations due to the disease itself and size and overall health of the patient. While medical management of hyperleukocytosis in older patients with acute leukemia has been described, including cytoreductive procedures with automated leukapheresis (AL) or manual whole blood (WB) exchange transfusion, very little data exist for standardized management of hyperleukocytosis in infant leukemia patients.CASE REPORTSWe describe four cases of infant acute leukemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis who each received manual WB exchange transfusions in conjunction with induction chemotherapy and review the existing literature on the use of procedural leukoreduction in infants with hyperleukocytosis. Special attention is given to challenges and technical aspects of leukapheresis in infants: when to perform manual WB exchange versus AL, optimal vascular access, blood product selection, exchange rates, and the monitoring for complications. Using published cases, we outline benefits versus risks of manual WB exchange and AL in infants less than 10 kg.CONCLUSIONIf providers perform procedural leukoreduction, the literature and our experience demonstrate manual WB exchange transfusion is favored over AL in infants less than 10 kg because of technical and complication risks associated with AL. Additional studies are needed to understand the impact of cytoreduction on long‐term outcomes.
Total prostatectomy as a treatment for prostatic carcinoma in 25 dogs
Authors: Bennett Tristram C. , Matz Brad M. , Henderson Ralph A. , Straw Rodney C. , Liptak Julius M. , Selmic Laura E. , Collivignarelli Francesco , Buracco Paolo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the complications and outcome after total prostatectomy in dogs with histologically confirmed prostatic carcinoma.Study DesignMulti‐institutional retrospective case series.Animals25 client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records of dogs undergoing total prostatectomy were reviewed from 2004 to 2016. Data retrieved included signalment, presenting signs, preoperative clinical findings, laboratory data, diagnostic imaging, surgical technique, histologic diagnosis, postoperative complications, occurrence of postoperative metastasis, and survival.ResultsTwenty‐five dogs underwent total prostatectomy for prostatic carcinoma. Urinary anastomotic techniques included urethrourethral anastomosis in 14 dogs, cystourethral anastomosis in 9 dogs, ureterocolonic anastomosis in 1 dog, and anastomosis between the bladder neck and penile urethra in 1 dog. All dogs survived to discharge. Fifteen dogs were diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma, 8 dogs with prostatic adenocarcinoma, 1 with prostatic cystadenocarcinoma, and 1 with an undifferentiated carcinoma. Permanent postoperative urinary incontinence was present in 8 of 23 dogs. The median survival time was shorter in dogs with extracapsular tumor extension compared with those with intracapsular tumors. The overall median survival time was 231 days (range, 24‐1255), with 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates equal to 32% and 12%, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical SignificanceTotal prostatectomy, combined with adjunct therapies, prolongs survival and lowers complication rates compared to previous reports of dogs with prostatic carcinoma. It should be noted, however, that case selection likely played a significant role in postoperative outcome.
Minimising the Risk of Coach Burnout: From Research to Practice
Authors: Altfeld Sebastian , Schaffran Paul , Kleinert Jens , Kellmann Michael 
Published: February 2018

Paid coaches have to regularly deal with a range of potential stressors in the workplace. These stressors may include emotional and physical demands caused by the complex nature of coaching work. Many coaches have developed useful strategies to cope with these demands. Nevertheless, unexpected changes within the dynamic environment in which they typically operate (e.g., injury, public scrutiny, social media), problems with members of the board or management, continuous negative performance results, or personal factors may challenge the adequacy of coaches’ coping mechanisms. This inability to cope with these stresses can lead to a state of chronic stress. If that state manifests permanently, it can result in a state of emotional exhaustion, ultimately leading to coach burnout. The aim of this article is to define the burnout phenomenon and to provide a clear description of the triggering factors. Furthermore, ideas are presented to guide how coaches can protect themselves and how officials (club or association management) can reduce coaches’ burnout.