bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holzbau‐Formen für Stuttgart 21
Authors: Früh Nikolas , Amorth Andreas , Wieland Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDie Realisierung von Schalentragwerken aus Stahlbeton ist anspruchsvoll. Hohe Anforderungen an Planung und Ausführung sowie damit verbundene Kosten führen dazu, dass diese Tragwerkstypologie nur selten realisiert wird. Der Artikel beschreibt das Schalungssystem, das beim Bau des zukünftigen Stuttgarter Hauptbahnhofs zum Einsatz kommt. Zahlreiche Anforderungen führten zu der Entwicklung von massiven Brettsperrholzbauteilen, deren Oberfläche mit faserverstärktem Kunststoff beschichtet wird. Die Fertigung der Bauteile erfolgt in mehreren Stufen. Nach der Herstellung von Brettsperrholzrohlingen werden aus mehreren Schichten Rohkörper zusammengesetzt. Die Formgebung erfolgt in zwei Schritten. Mit einer Plattenbearbeitungsanlage werden die Konturen der einzelnen Schichten gefräst. Die endgültige Form wird von einem Industrieroboter herausgearbeitet. Nach der Beschichtung wird die Form der Bauteile mithilfe eines Laser‐Scanners verifiziert. Alle Prozesse während Planung und Fertigung der Schalungselemente sind weitgehend modellbasiert. Mit dem entwickelten Schalungssystem wurden die ersten Elemente des Schalentragwerks aus Weißbeton bereits erfolgreich betoniert.
Recent progress in the development of fluorescent probes for hydrazine
Authors: Nguyen Khac Hong , Hao Yuanqiang , Chen Wansong , Zhang Yintang , Xu Maotian , Yang Minghui , Liu You‐Nian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHydrazine (N2H4) is an important and commonly used chemical reagent for the preparation of textile dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and so on. Despite its widespread industrial applications, hydrazine is highly toxic and exposure to this chemical can cause many symptoms and severe damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. As a consequence, many efforts have been devoted to the development of fluorescent probes for the selective sensing and/or imaging of N2H4. Although great efforts have been devoted in this area, the large number of important recent studies have not yet been systematically discussed in a review format so far. In this review, we have summarized the recently reported fluorescent N2H4 probes, which are classified into several categories on the basis of the recognition moieties. Moreover, the sensing mechanism and probes designing strategy are also comprehensively discussed on aspects of the unique chemical characteristics of N2H4 and the structures and spectral properties of fluorophores.
On‐the‐fly Catalyst Accretion and Screening in Chemoselective Flow Hydrogenation
Authors: Giziński Damian , Błachucki Wojciech , Śrębowata Anna , Zienkiewicz‐Machnik Małgorzata , Goszewska Ilona , Matus Krzysztof , Lisovytskiy Dmytro , Pisarek Marcin , Szlachetko Jakub , Sá Jacinto 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein, it is reported an on‐the‐fly accretion/reaction protocol to evaluate the structure‐performance relationship in the chemoselective flow citral hydrogenation over Ni‐based catalysts. Based on the methodology one was able to determine Ni nanoparticles ideal average size (ca. 9 nm), in a rapid and facile manner. The methodology offers a simple workflow, cost‐effective and adaptable strategy for process intensification and optimization.
Electrochemical C−H Cyanation of Electron‐Rich (Hetero)Arenes
Authors: Hayrapetyan Davit , Rit Raja K. , Kratz Markus , Tschulik Kristina , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA straightforward method for the electrochemical C−H cyanation of arenes and heteroarenes that proceeds at room temperature in MeOH, with NaCN as the reagent in a simple, open, undivided electrochemical cell is reported. The platinum electrodes are passivated by adsorbed cyanide, which allows conversion of an exceptionally broad range of electron‐rich substrates all the way down to dialkyl arenes. The cyanide electrolyte can be replenished with HCN, opening opportunities for salt‐free industrial C−H cyanation.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Stereoselective Borylation of Allenamides
Authors: García Lorena , Sendra Jana , Miralles Núria , Reyes Efraim , Carbó Jorge J. , Vicario Jose L. , Fernández Elena 
Published: June 2018

AbstractComplete stereocontrol on the transition‐metal‐free hydroboration of the distal double bond of allenamides could be achieved when allenamides contained acetyl substituents, which provided exclusively the Z‐isomer. The consecutive Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction allowed the straightforward formation of trisubstituted enamides, with total control of the stereoselectivity.
High spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging of insects covered with a hard exoskeleton
Authors: Seo Youngseob 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe morphological investigation of insects is usually performed using histologic serial sections and subsequent reconstruction of the structures from these sections. The achievement of cross sections for microtomy is time‐consuming and the risk of damaging sections is inevitable. Recently, X‐ray computed tomography (micro‐CT) was used to provide adequate spatial resolution without destroying the specimens. Micro‐CT is limited by the low x‐ray contrast of the insect soft tissues and image quality is relatively poor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows the study of morphologic classification of the insects with sufficient spatial resolution and provides a noninvasive mean to determine disease abnormalities and progression in vivo and longitudinally. The morphologic classification of the insects with sufficient spatial resolution analyzed the potential of MR imaging. However, a stag beetle has a particularly hard exoskeleton protecting internal organs and nerves. It is challenge to obtain high spatial resolution images using MRI. The aim of this study was to characterize optimal MRI protocols for the investigation of stag beetles and to evaluate the morphologic characterization of the stag beetles by a 9.4 T MRI scanner. In this study, MR imaging provided the spatial resolution necessary for the examination of morphologic structures of the insects on our hardware‐software platform. This study plays a significant role in providing the high spatial resolution, ideally required for routine application to the study of internal morphology of insects, arachnids and crustaceans whose organs, nerves and muscles are protected by the hard exoskeleton.
Establishing an emergency communication network and optimal path using multiple autonomous rover robots
Authors: Sakthitharan S , Jayashri S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe natural calamity or disaster may destroy all communication networks especially a cellular network that relies on a tower. Although many solutions to an ad hoc wireless network have been proposed, forming a network covering a respective region with mobile robots toward optimal coverage remains to be an open problem. In this paper, we take the initiative to handle the optimal network coverage and path selection in disaster region with the help of multiple movable/rover robots. This paper consists of load balance distribution algorithm and optimal coverage algorithm applied to find the next optimally possible node location for all robots. Next, the robots maneuvering in an unknown disaster environment to identify the optimal path between the source and destination by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, simulated results show that the algorithms can significantly improve the network coverage in the entire region, and the optimal path can effectively identify the optimal solution for all rover robots.
Synthesis of Chimeric Oligonucleotides Having Modified Internucleotide Linkages via an Automated H‐Phosphonate/Phosphoramidite Approach
Authors: Vlaho Danielle , Damha Masad J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article describes an automated solid‐phase approach for the synthesis of chimeric oligonucleotides containing phosphoramidate‐modified internucleotide linkages. An optimized H‐phosphonate synthetic cycle is combined with the commonly used phosphoramidite approach to obtain oligonucleotides comprising blocks having various types of internucleotide linkages. This article is specific to the synthesis of oligonucleotides having phosphoramidate modifications, but is adaptable to permit the incorporation of other modified linkages accessible through H‐phosphonate diester intermediates. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel AQM algorithm based on feedforward model predictive control
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhu ChaoJie , Yang XiaoPing 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDeveloping feedforward model predictive controller as an active queue management (AQM) scheme is studied in this paper. MPC is an advanced control strategy for AQM. However, the conventional MPC is usually an implementable form of feedback MPC. In this paper, a feedforward and feedback optimal control law is presented. It is a clean, easily implementable, version of model predictive control that incorporates feedforward. Firstly, we use the nominal fluid model to design the feedforward control input so that the output tracks the given queue length with small error. Furthermore, in order to achieve robust performance and to reject the (unmeasured) disturbance, the feedback component is designed. In particular, a disturbance observer is incorporated into the prediction output in standard feedback MPC. This framework can significantly improve performance in the presence of measurement noise and certain types of model uncertainty. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of FF‐AQM algorithm.
A systematic review of parent–child synchrony: It is more than skin deep
Authors: Davis Molly , West Kara , Bilms Joanie , Morelen Diana , Suveg Cynthia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis manuscript provides a critical review of the literature on parent–child physiological synchrony—the matching of biological states between parents and children. All eligible studies found some evidence of physiological synchrony, though the magnitude and direction of synchrony varied according to methodological factors, including the physiological system examined (i.e., parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system activity, adrenocortical functioning) and the statistical approach used (e.g., multilevel modeling, correlation). The review underscores the need to consider the context in which physiological synchrony occurs (e.g., family risk) to best understand its significance. Furthermore, the review delineates vital avenues for future research, including the need to assess synchrony across multiple physiological systems and the importance of documenting continuity/change in physiological synchrony across developmental periods. Such research is crucial for understanding how the parent–child relationship unfolds at a physiological level and, in turn, how this relationship can facilitate or hinder parent, child, and family adjustment.
Adiposity and weight gain during pregnancy associate independently with behavior of infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Walker Cheryl K. , VandeVoort Catherine A. , Li Chin‐Shang , Chaffin Charles L. , Capitanio John P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGrowing evidence identifies maternal adiposity as a potentially modifiable risk factor for adverse neurodevelopment. This retrospective cohort analysis examined whether maternal prepregnancy adiposity and gestational weight gain were associated with behavioral outcomes in 173 rhesus macaque infants at the California National Primate Research Center. Dams conceived indoors, had uncomplicated pregnancies, delivered vaginally, and reared infants indoors. Infants underwent standardized biobehavioral analysis at 90–120 days of age from 3/2001–5/2015. Offspring of mothers with greater baseline adiposity or gestational weight gain exhibited a pattern of poor adaptability characterized by greater emotionality as the assessments proceeded, blunted affective response to a human intruder challenge, and reduced interest in novel stimuli which is associated with poorer social functioning later in life. They also had lower cortisol levels following dexamethasone suppression, perhaps a response to cortisol excess during gestation. These results amplify growing public health concerns implicating maternal adiposity in impaired fetal neurobehavioral programming.
Bridging Validity and Evaluation to Match International Large‐Scale Assessment Claims and Country Aims
Authors: Oliveri María Elena , Rutkowski David , Rutkowski Leslie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFifty years after the first international large‐scale assessment (ILSA), participation in these studies continues to grow, with more than 50% of the world's countries participating. Concomitant with growth in ILSAs is an expansion in the diversity of participant countries with respect to languages, cultures, and educational perspectives and goals. As educational aims might differ for new participants and goals among historic participants can be expected to shift over time, it is useful to understand the degree to which countries' expectations of ILSAs—as a means for understanding their educational system—align with the explicitly and implicitly stated purposes of these studies. In this presentation, we shift the conversation away from countries reporting ILSA shock and dissatisfaction with participation to fostering a productive conversation about the value and utility of participation. We propose a framework that combines notions from meta‐evaluation to systematically test the evaluation tools—ILSAs and validity theory (in relation to test use and alignment with stakeholder needs) to help countries understand why they participate in ILSAs and the potential value in taking part. We develop this conceptual framework with the aim that countries can (a) systematically consider their educational goals and the degree to which ILSA participation can reasonably help countries monitor progress toward them; (b) use an argument model to analyze claims by ILSA programs against the background of a country's specific context; and (c) more clearly understand intended and unintended consequences of ILSA participation. The framework offers a tool to systematically think through a complex web of implicit and explicit purposes, goals, and actors related to ILSAs and educational systems. To demonstrate our proposed framework, we review national education agendas in several countries with differing educational traditions (e.g., the United States, Mexico, and Norway) against published ILSA frameworks. Using our proposed method would offer a set of general guidelines that national funders can use to chart a path forward in terms of future ILSA participation. It can also equip participating countries with the knowledge to engage in reasoned conversations with testing organizations regarding unmet needs from testing programs.
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α plays a predominantly negative role in regulatory T cell functions
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Sheng , Lai Ming-Zong 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) regulates cellular responses to hypoxia. However, conflicting roles for HIF-1α in the functions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been reported. In this review, we summarize observations on the requirement for HIF-1α for FOXP3 expression and Tregs development, as well as for HIF-1α-mediated downregulation of FOXP3 and Tregs destabilization. We also examine the association of HIF-1α with Tregs under pathogenic conditions. Based on these findings, we suggest that HIF-1α mainly plays a detrimental role in the function and stability of Tregs and that HIF-1α is disposable for the development and suppressive function of Tregs.
Re-examination of the conflicting roles of HIF-1α in the development and functions of Tregs.
Effect of bearing friction torques on the primary stability of press‐fit acetabular cups: A novel in vitro method
Authors: Jahnke Alexander , Schroeder Stefan , Fonseca Ulloa Carlos A. , Ahmed Gafar A. , Ishaque Bernd A. , Rickert Markus 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAseptic loosening is the main reason for revision of total hip arthroplasty, and relative micromotions between cementless acetabular cups and bone play an important role regarding their comparatively high loosening rate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of resulting frictional torques on the primary stability of press‐fit acetabular cups subjected to two different bearing partners. A cementless press‐fit cup was implanted in bone‐like foam. Primary stability of the cup was analyzed by determining spatial total, translational, and rotational interface micromotions by means of an eddy current sensor measuring system. Torque transmission into the cup was realized by three synchronous servomotors considering resultant friction torques based on constant friction for ceramic‐on‐ceramic (CoC: μ = 0.044; max. resultant torque: 1.5 Nm) and for ceramic‐on‐polyethylene (CoP: μ = 0.063; max. resultant torque: 1.9 Nm) bearing partners. Rotational micromotion of CoC was 8.99 ± 0.85 µm and of CoP 13.39 ± 1.43 µm. Translational micromotion of CoC was 29.93 ± 1.44 μm and of CoP 39.91 ± 2.25 μm. Maximum total relative micromotions were 37.10 ± 1.07 μm for CoC and 51.64 ± 2.18 μm for CoP. Micromotions resulting from CoC were statistically lower than those resulting from CoP (p < 0.05). The described 3D‐measuring set‐up offers a novel in vitro method of measuring primary stability of acetabular cups. We can therefore conclude, that primary stability of acetabular cup systems can be observed using either the lower friction curve (CoC) or the higher friction curve (CoP). In future studies different cup designs or cup fixation mechanisms may be tested and compared in vitro and assessed prior to implantation. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2745–2753, 2018.
Subchondroplasty for the treatment of post‐traumatic bone marrow lesions of the medial femoral condyle in a pre‐clinical canine model
Authors: Brimmo Olubusola A. , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Cook Cristi R. , Kuroki Keiichi , Sherman Seth L. , Pfeiffer Ferris M. , Stoker Aaron M. , Cook James L. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis study characterizes long‐term outcomes associated with subchondroplasty (SCP) treatment for impact‐induced subchondral bone marrow lesions (BML) using a validated pre‐clinical canine model. With IACUC approval, purpose‐bred research hounds (n = 16) underwent arthroscopic impact injury (40N) to both medial femoral condyles. At 3 months, functional assessments, arthroscopy, and MRI were performed and knees (n = 32) were randomly assigned to SCP (3 ml fluoroscopically guided percutaneous injection of AccuFill BSM into BML bone defects) or sham injection (Control). Dogs were assessed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment using functional assessments, radiographic evaluation, arthroscopy, and MRI. Dogs were humanely euthanatized at 3, 6, 12, or 24 months after treatment for gross, microCT, and histologic assessments. All knees had focal articular cartilage defects with associated subchondral BMLs, as well as clinical dysfunction, 3 months after injury. At the 3 and 6 months, SCP knees showed more functional impairment than Control knees, however, these differences were not statistically significant. At 1‐ and 2‐year post‐treatment, function in SCP knees was better than in Control knees with range of motion being significantly (p < 0.05) better for SCP. Radiographic, arthroscopic, MRI, gross, microCT, and histologic findings matched the functional assessments well with Control being associated with better results at the two early time points and SCP being associated with better results at 1 and 2 years. Clinical significance: SCP treatment using calcium phosphate bone void filler was associated with an initial increase in pain and dysfunction followed by symptomatic benefits for up to 2 years after treatment for post‐traumatic femoral condyle BMLs in a preclinical canine model. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2709–2717, 2018.
Computational optimization of graft tension in simulated superior capsule reconstructions
Authors: Hast Michael W. , Schmidt Elaine C. , Kelly John D. , Baxter Josh R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTSuperior capsular reconstruction has received increased attention as a surgical technique to address massive “irreparable” rotator cuff tears; however, the functional limitations and surgical techniques associated with this repair have yet to be sufficiently explored. The goal of this study was to utilize a multidisciplinary approach to characterize the biomechanics of this repair by: (i) identifying activities of daily living that may overburden the graft; and (ii) optimizing surgical techniques used during implantation. This experiment was completed in three phases. First, graft failure mechanics were characterized by performing an in vitro experiment. Second, in vivo shoulder kinematics associated with various activities were recorded with 3‐D motion capture techniques. Finally, an in silico model was used to assess graft strains. Results show that motions involving posterior shoulder rotation, such as back washing, lead to graft strains that may cause failure. Output from the optimization suggests that orienting the humerus in approximately 25° abduction, and 20° internal rotation during implantation will result in optimal graft performance. Clinical Significance: The novel paradigm used in this study demonstrates the utility of coupling in vitro, in vivo, and in silico modeling techniques in one cohesive experiment. This paradigm presents an additional tool, aside from clinical studies and cadaveric experimentation, to better predict and understand the strengths and limitations of superior capsular reconstruction. This approach has potential to be translated to other soft tissue repairs and may provide valuable information to clinicians and rehabilitative specialists to manage patient expectations and guide rehabilitation. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2789–2796, 2018.
Ultrastructure of tendon rupture depends on strain rate and tendon type
Authors: Chambers Neil C. , Herod Tyler W. , Veres Samuel P. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that both the mechanics and elongation mechanisms of tendon and ligament vary with strain rate during tensile loading. In this study, we sought to determine if the ultrastructural damage created during tendon rupture also varies with strain rate. A bovine forelimb model was used, allowing two anatomically proximate but physiologically distinct tendons to be studies: the positional common digital extensor tendon, and the energy storing superficial digital flexor tendon. Samples from the two tendon types were ruptured at rates of either 1%/s or 10%/s. Relative to unruptured control samples, changes to collagen fibril structure were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and changes to collagen molecule packing were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Rupture at 1%/s caused discrete plasticity damage that extended along the length of collagen fibrils in both the extensor and flexor tendons. Consistent with this, DSC showed molecular packing disruption relative to control samples. Both SEM and DSC showed that extensor tendon fibrils sustained more severe damage than the more highly crosslinked flexor tendon fibrils. Increasing strain rate during rupture decreased the level of longitudinal disruption experienced by the collagen fibrils of both tendon types. Disruption to D‐banding was no longer seen in the extensor tendon fibrils, and discrete plasticity damage was completely eliminated in the flexor tendon fibrils, indicating a transition to localized point failure. Ultrastructural damage resulting from tendon rupture depends on both strain rate and tendon type. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2842–2850, 2018.