bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite Measurement of GHG Emissions: Prospects for Enhancing Transparency and Answerability under International Law
Authors: Aganaba-Jeanty Timiebi , Huggins Anna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent technological advancements are facilitating the use of satellite remote-sensing techniques for the measurement of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions. This article evaluates the potential for these satellite-enabled measurements to contribute to transparency and answerability for state emissions, with a focus on international space law and policy, and the Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. We show that in the context of the international space governance framework, the dissemination of integrated emissions data sets has the potential to enhance public answerability for the mitigation performance of states. Under the Paris Agreement, there is scope for space-based measurement techniques to provide an independent data source to support verification activities for national emissions inventories, and for aggregated data to be utilized as part of the global stocktake under Article 14. There are, however, a number of impediments to translating these transparency gains into enhanced answerability for states’ emissions reduction pledges.
How the Kuroshio Current Delivers Nutrients to Sunlit Layers on the Continental Shelves With Aid of Near‐Inertial Waves and Turbulence
Authors: Nagai Takeyoshi , Durán Gloria Silvana , Otero Diego André , Mori Yasutaka , Yoshie Naoki , Ohgi Kazuki , Hasegawa Daisuke , Nishina Ayako , Kobari Toru 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Kuroshio Current carries a large amount of nutrients in dark subsurface layer along the southern coast of Japan. However, due to lack of sufficient multidisciplinary high‐resolution observations, it has been unclear whether and how the subsurface nutrients are injected to sunlit layers on the continental shelf. In this study, using a state‐of‐the‐art tow‐yo microstructure profiler and nitrate measurements, we show that the Kuroshio flowing on the shelfbreak induces very strong turbulent dissipation rate ∼O(10−7W·kg−1) and diffusivity ∼O(10−3 m2·s−1) over an across frontal scale of 20–30 km. This strong turbulence could provide a diffusive nitrate flux to euphotic zone of >O(1 mmol N·m−2·day−1). As the Kuroshio steadily runs on the continental shelves along the path, the nutrient injection found in this study is a very important supply for biological production on the continental margin along the southern coast of Japan.
Using Heat as a Predictor of CO2 Breakthrough in Highly Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Jayne Richard S. , Zhang Yingqi , Pollyea Ryan M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInjecting supercritical CO2 into the subsurface changes the temperature, pressure, and geochemistry of the storage reservoir. Understanding these perturbations within the reservoir may be used to monitor the CO2 plume during a carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) project. Here we analyze results from 1‐D, 2‐D, and 3‐D numerical modeling studies to investigate how the thermal signature of the CO2‐water system evolves during CCS. These models show that the thermodynamic processes of the CO2‐water system results in a characteristic thermal profile within a homogeneous storage reservoir during a CO2 injection. This thermal signature is characterized by warming front of up to 4 °C, which is caused by CO2 dissolution and migrates contemporaneously with free‐phase CO2 migration. When reservoir properties are highly heterogeneous, this thermal front travels well ahead of free‐phase CO2, thus implying that thermal monitoring may be an effective predictor of CO2 breakthrough.
Clinical utilization of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells (CAR-T) in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)–an expert opinion from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT)
Authors: Kansagra Ankit J. , Frey Noelle V. , Bar Merav , Laetsch Theodore W. , Carpenter Paul A. , Savani Bipin N. , Heslop Helen E. , Bollard Catherine M. , Komanduri Krishna V. , Gastineau Dennis A. , Chabannon Christian , Perales Miguel A. , Hudecek Michael , Aljurf Mahmoud , Andritsos Leslie , Barrett John A. , Bachanova Veronika , Bonini Chiara , Ghobadi Armin , Gill Saar I. , Hill Joshua A. , Kenderian Saad , Kebriaei Partow , Nagler Arnon , Maloney David , Liu Hien D. , Shah Nirali N. , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Mufti Ghulam J. , Johnston Laura , Jacoby Elad , Bazarbachi Ali , DiPersio John F. , Pavletic Steven Z. , Porter David L. , Grupp Stephan A. , Sadelain Michel , Litzow Mark R. , Mohty Mohamad , Hashmi Shahrukh K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOn August 30, 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) approved tisagenlecleucel (KYMRIAH, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), a synthetic bioimmune product of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T), for the treatment of children and young adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). With this new era of personalized cancer immunotherapy, multiple challenges are present ranging from implementation of a CAR-T program to safe delivery of the drug, long-term toxicity monitoring and disease assessments. To address these issues, experts representing the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplant (ASBMT), the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), the International Society of Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT), and the Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT), formed a global CAR-T task force to identify and address key questions pertinent for hematologists and transplant physicians regarding the clinical use of anti CD19 CAR-T therapy in patients with B-ALL. This article presents an initial roadmap for navigating common clinical practice scenarios that will become more prevalent now that the first commercially available CAR-T product for B-ALL has been approved.
Development of a ribonuclease containing a G4-specific binding motif for programmable RNA cleavage
Authors: Dang Dung Thanh , Phan Anh Tuân 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe developed a ribonuclease for site-specific targeting and cleavage of single-stranded RNA. The engineered RNase protein was constructed by incorporating two independent functional domains, an RNase HI domain that could cleave the RNA strand in a DNA-RNA hybrid, and a domain of the RHAU protein that could selectively recognize a parallel DNA G-quadruplex (G4). The newly designed RNase first recruits a DNA guide oligonucleotide containing both a parallel G4 motif and a template sequence complementary to the target RNA. This RNase:DNA complex targets and efficiently cleaves the single-stranded RNA in a site-specific manner. A major cleavage site occurs at the RNA region that is complementary to the DNA template sequence. The newly designed RNase can serve as a simple tool for RNA manipulation and probing RNA structure.
Vitamin D3 constrains estrogen’s effects and influences mammary epithelial organization in 3D cultures
Authors: Hasan Nafis , Sonnenschein Carlos , Soto Ana M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVitamin D3 (vitD3) and its active metabolite, calcitriol (1,25-(OH)2D3), affect multiple tissue types by interacting with the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Although vitD3 deficiency has been correlated with increased incidence of breast cancer and less favorable outcomes, randomized clinical trials have yet to provide conclusive evidence on the efficacy of vitD3 in preventing or treating breast cancer. Additionally, experimental studies are needed to assess the biological plausibility of these outcomes. The mammary gland of VDR KO mice shows a florid phenotype revealing alterations of developmental processes that are largely regulated by mammotropic hormones. However, most research conducted on vitD3’s effects used 2D cell cultures and supra-physiological doses of vitD3, conditions that spare the microenvironment in which morphogenesis takes place. We investigated the role of vitD3 in mammary epithelial morphogenesis using two 3D culture models. VitD3 interfered with estrogen’s actions on T47D human breast cancer cells in 3D differently at different doses, and recapitulated what is observed in vivo. Also, vitD3 can act autonomously and affected the organization of estrogen-insensitive MCF10A cells in 3D collagen matrix by influencing collagen fiber organization. Thus, vitD3 modulates mammary tissue organization independent of its effects on cell proliferation.
Improved Biobutanol Production in 2-L Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation with Delayed Yeast Extract Feeding and in-situ Recovery
Authors: Salleh Muhammad Siddiq Mohamed , Ibrahim Mohamad Faizal , Roslan Ahmad Muhaimin , Abd-Aziz Suraini 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSimultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with delayed yeast extract feeding (DYEF) was conducted in a 2-L bioreactor equipped with in-situ recovery using a gas stripping in order to enhance biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). This study showed that 2.88 g/L of biobutanol has been produced from SSF with a similar yield of 0.23 g/g as compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). An increase of 42% of biobutanol concentration was observed when DYEF was introduced in the SSF at 39 h of fermentation operation. Biobutanol production was further enhanced up to 11% with a total improvement of 72% when in-situ recovery using a gas stripping was implemented to reduce the solvents inhibition in the bioreactor. In overall, DYEF and in-situ recovery were able to enhance biobutanol production in SSF.
Determination and analysis of agonist and antagonist potential of naturally occurring flavonoids for estrogen receptor (ERα) by various parameters and molecular modelling approach
Authors: Puranik Ninad V. , Srivastava Pratibha , Bhatt Gaurav , John Mary Dixcy Jaba Sheeba , Limaye Anil M. , Sivaraman Jayanthi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMost estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligands target the ligand binding domain (LBD). Agonist 17β-estradiol (E2) and tamoxifen (TM, known SERM), bind to the same site within the LBD. However, structures of ligand-bound complexes show that E2 and TM induce different conformations of helix 12 (H12). During the molecular modelling studies of some naturally occurring flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, myricetin, kaempferol, naringin, hesperidin, galangin, baicalein and epicatechin with human ERα (3ERT and 1GWR), we observed that most of the ligands bound to the active site pocket of both 3ERT and 1GWR. The docking scores, interaction analyses, and conformation of H12 provided the data to support for the estrogenic or antiestrogenic potential of these flavonoids to a limited degree. Explicit molecular dynamics for 50 ns was performed to identify the stability and compatibility pattern of protein-ligand complex and RMSD were obtained. Baicalein, epicatechin, and kaempferol with 1GWR complex showed similar RMSD trend with minor deviations in the protein backbone RMSD against 1GWR-E2 complex that provided clear indications that ligands were stable throughout the explicit molecular simulations in the protein and outcome of naringin-3ERT complex had an upward trend but stable throughout the simulations and all molecular dynamics showed stability with less than overall 1 Å deviation throughout the simulations. To examine their estrogenic or antiestrogenic potential, we studied the effect of the flavonoids on viability, progesterone receptor expression and 3xERE/3XERRE-driven reporter gene expression in ERα positive and estrogen responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Epicatechin, myricetin, and kaempferol showed estrogenic potential at 5 µM concentration.
Low-cost, sub-micron resolution, wide-field computational microscopy using opensource hardware
Authors: Aidukas Tomas , Eckert Regina , Harvey Andrew R. , Waller Laura , Konda Pavan C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe revolution in low-cost consumer photography and computation provides fertile opportunity for a disruptive reduction in the cost of biomedical imaging. Conventional approaches to low-cost microscopy are fundamentally restricted, however, to modest field of view (FOV) and/or resolution. We report a low-cost microscopy technique, implemented with a Raspberry Pi single-board computer and color camera combined with Fourier ptychography (FP), to computationally construct 25-megapixel images with sub-micron resolution. New image-construction techniques were developed to enable the use of the low-cost Bayer color sensor, to compensate for the highly aberrated re-used camera lens and to compensate for misalignments associated with the 3D-printed microscope structure. This high ratio of performance to cost is of particular interest to high-throughput microscopy applications, ranging from drug discovery and digital pathology to health screening in low-income countries. 3D models and assembly instructions of our microscope are made available for open source use.
Extraction and antioxidant activity of total triterpenoids in the mycelium of a medicinal fungus, Sanghuangporus sanghuang
Authors: Cai Chengshan , Ma Jiexin , Han Chunrui , Jin Yi , Zhao Guozhu , He Xiangwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe scientific name of the traditional Chinese medicinal fungus, Sanghuang, has been clarified and confirmed that it is a new species -Sanghuangporus sanghuang in the recently discovered genus, Sanghuangporus. To maximize the yield of the active ingredients such as the triterpenoids from authentic Sanghuangporus sanghuang, four parameters of the extraction process, including the extraction time, solid–liquid ratio, extraction temperature, and ethanol concentration were determined. The Box–Behnken experimental design and the response surface method were used to optimize the triterpenoid extraction processes of Sanghuangporus sanghuang mycelium. The results showed that the parameters of the triterpenoid extraction processes were not simple linear relationships. Optimum conditions of ultrasonic extraction required an 80% ethanol concentration, a 1:20 solid–liquid ratio, a 20-min extraction time, and a 60 °C extraction temperature, to obtain a maximum triterpenoid extraction of 13.30 mg/g. Antioxidant capacity tests showed that the Sanghuangporus sanghuang triterpenoids had high clearance capabilities for hydroxyl free radicals, superoxide anions, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals, and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) radicals, indicating that the Sanghuangporus sanghuang triterpenoids had high antioxidant activities.
Tissue-specific characterization of mitochondrial branched-chain keto acid oxidation using a multiplexed assay platform
Authors: Goldberg Emma J. , Buddo Katherine A. , McLaughlin Kelsey L. , Fernandez Regina F. , Pereyra Andrea S. , Psaltis Christine E. , Lin Chien-Te , Hagen James T. , Boykov Ilya N. , Nguyen Tiffany K. , Gowdy Kymberly M. , Ellis Jessica M. , Neufer P. Darrell , McClung Joseph M. , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Alterations to branched-chain keto acid (BCKA) oxidation have been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases, ranging from diabetes to cancer. Although global shifts in BCKA metabolism—evident by gene transcription, metabolite profiling, and in vivo flux analyses have been documented across various pathological conditions, the underlying biochemical mechanism(s) within the mitochondrion remain largely unknown. In vitro experiments using isolated mitochondria represent a powerful biochemical tool for elucidating the role of the mitochondrion in driving disease. Such analyses have routinely been utilized across disciplines to shed valuable insight into mitochondrial-linked pathologies. That said, few studies have attempted to model in vitro BCKA oxidation in isolated organelles. The impetus for the present study stemmed from the knowledge that complete oxidation of each of the three BCKAs involves a reaction dependent upon bicarbonate and ATP, both of which are not typically included in respiration experiments. Based on this, it was hypothesized that the inclusion of exogenous bicarbonate and stimulation of respiration using physiological shifts in ATP-free energy, rather than excess ADP, would allow for maximal BCKA-supported respiratory flux in isolated mitochondria. This hypothesis was confirmed in mitochondria from several mouse tissues, including heart, liver and skeletal muscle. What follows is a thorough characterization and validation of a novel biochemical tool for investigating BCKA metabolism in isolated mitochondria.
Short-term and long-term prognostic value of circulating soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 concentration in acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis
Authors: Gu Linlin , Li Jing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Higher circulating soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) concentration is suggested as a marker of prognosis in many cardiovascular diseases. However, the short-term and long-term prognostic value of sST2 concentration in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains to be summarized.
Methods: A meta-analysis of follow-up studies was performed. Studies were identified via systematic search of databases including PubMed, Cochrane’s Library, and Embase. A fixed- or random-effect model was applied according to the heterogeneity. We reported the prognostic value of sST2 concentration for all-cause mortality, heart failure (HF) events, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 1 month after hospitalization and during subsequent follow-up.
Results: Twelve studies with 11690 ACS patients were included. Higher baseline sST2 concentration as continuous variables predicte the increased risk of all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR]: 3.16, P=0.002), HF events (RR: 1.48, P&lt;0.001), and MACEs (RR: 1.47, P&lt;0.001) within 1 month after hospitalization, which is consistent with the results with sST2 concentration as categorized variables (RR = 2.14, 2.89, and 2.89 respectively, P all &lt;0.001). Moreover, higher baseline sST2 concentration as continuous variables predict the increased risk of all-cause mortality (RR: 2.20, P&lt;0.001), HF events (RR: 1.39, P&lt;0.001), and MACEs (RR: 1.53, P=0.02) during subsequent follow-up. Meta-analysis with sST2 concentration as categorized variables retrieved similar results (RR = 2.65, 2.59, and 1.81 respectively, P all &lt;0.001).
Conclusions: Higher circulating sST2 concentration at baseline predicts poor clinical outcome in ACS patients.
Single-cell approaches to understand genome organisation throughout the cell cycle
Authors: McClelland Sarah E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Mammalian genomes are ordered at several scales, ranging from nucleosomes (beads on a string), to topologically associated domains (TADs), laminar associated domains (LADs), and chromosome territories. These are described briefly below and we refer the reader to some recent comprehensive reviews on genome architecture summarising the current state of knowledge of the organisational principles of the nucleus [1,2]. Biological observations from populations of millions of individual cells can reveal consensus behaviour. New methods to study and interpret biological data at the single-cell level have recently been instrumental in revealing new understanding of cell-to-cell variation and novel biology. Here we will summarise the recent advances in single-cell technology that have provided insights into the behaviour of the mammalian genome during a cell cycle. We will focus on the interphase domain structure of chromosomes, including TADs and LADs, and how chromosome architecture changes during the cell cycle. The role of genome architecture relating to gene expression has been reviewed elsewhere [3].
New data-driven method of simulating coronal mass ejections
Authors: Liu Cheng’ao , Chen Tao , Zhao Xinhua 
Published: May 2019

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large eruptions of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun’s corona. Understanding the evolution of the CME is important to evaluate its impact on space weather. Using numerical simulation, we are able to reproduce the occurrence and evolution process of the CME.
Aims. The aim of this paper is to provide a new data-driven method to mimic the coronal mass ejections. By using this method, we can investigate the phsical mechanisms of the flux rope formation and the cause of the CME eruption near the real background.
Methods. Starting from a potential magnetic field extrapolation, we have solved a full set of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations by using the conservation element and solution element (CESE) numerical method. The bottom boundary is driven by the vector magnetograms obtained from SDO/HMI and vector velocity maps derived from DAVE4VM method.
Results. We present a three-dimensional numerical MHD data-driven model for the simulation of the CME that occurred on 2015 June 22 in the active region NOAA 12371. The numerical results show two elbow-shaped loops formed above the polarity inversion line (PIL), which is similar to the tether-cutting picture previously proposed. The temporal evolutions of magnetic flux show that the sunspots underwent cancellation and flux emergence. The signature of velocity field derived from the tracked magnetograms indicates the persistent shear and converging motions along the PIL. The simulation shows that two elbow-shaped loops were reconnected and formed an inverse S-shaped sigmoid, suggesting the occurrence of the tether-cutting reconnection, which was supported by observations of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) telescope. Analysis of the decline rate of the magnetic field indicates that the flux rope reached a region where the torus instability was triggered.
Conclusions. We conclude that the eruption of this CME was caused by multiple factors, such as photosphere motions, reconnection, and torus instability. Moreover, our simulation successfully reproduced the three-component structures of typical CMEs.
Role of RF-amid Related Peptide-3 (RFRP-3) in Inhibitory Effect of Orexin A on Reproductive Function in the Animal Model of Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Hefshejanni Jafar Alipoor , Khazali Homayoun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Aims The aim of the present study is to examine the orexin A (OXA) signaling can leave any impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and this impact can be relayed through the pathway of RF amide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3, the mammalian ortholog of the avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone)/G-protein coupled receptor (GPR)-147 (RFRP-3 receptor) as a novel target for controlling of HPG axis in the male rats.
Materials and Methods Male rats were categorized randomly into experimental groups including control vehicle, OXA, and its antagonists’ group and went through to surgical cannulation into the third ventricle. After the intracerebroventricular injection of each solution, blood samples were collected for measurements of the LH and testosterone using radioimmunoassay method. Hypothalamus of the animals were isolated for analysis of the relative expression of Rfrp-3/Gpr-147 along with Gnrh gene by Real time-PCR. Also, in the different cohort of animal sexual behavior test was done.
Results It was shown that OXA significantly decreases the mean serum level of the LH and testosterone and, at the same time, its antagonists neutralize this impact. Moreover, we demonstrated that OXA has reduced the hypothalamic gene expression of Gnrh and increased the expression of Rfrp-3 and Gpr-147 genes. While OXA antagonists neutralize this impact.
Conclusions The results of this study are related to the impact of orexin on the HPG axis. It is recommended that RFRP-3/GPR-147 system as the interneural pathway relay the data of orexin to the neurons of GnRH.