bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of International Caries Detection and Assessment System and digital radiographs for detecting occlusal dental caries: An In vivo Study
Authors: Bhumireddy Jayachandra Reddy , Challa Ramasubbareddy , Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar , Nuvvula Sivakumar 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy in the diagnosis of occlusal caries lesion using International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) and digital radiographs in the primary molars. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 children was selected randomly and recruited for visual ICDAS II and digital bitewing radiographic examination by two independent trained examiners. A total of 249 teeth were examined at D1 (enamel caries lesions) and D3 (dentine caries lesions) thresholds. Results: Sensitivity at D1 for ICDAS II were 95%, and 22.97% for digital radiographs While specificity was 1005 for the both tools. At D3, threshold sensitivity of ICDAS II was 94.%, whereas it was 69% for digital radiographs, while specificity was almost the same for both methods and both D1 and D3 thresholds. Excellent inter- and intra-examiner reliabilities were evident. Conclusions: ICDAS II is better than digital radiographs in detecting carious lesions confined to enamel, and both are equally effective in the detection of dentinal carious lesions.
Kinetic Sodium Equation with Built-In Rate of Correction: Aid to Prescribing Therapy for Hyponatremia or Hypernatremia
Authors: Chen Sheldon , Shey Jason 
Published: September 2018

Purpose Both hyponatremia and hypernatremia occur frequently in patients with cancer. To understand these disorders, investigators have mathematically modeled the serum sodium concentration in humans. Methods We expanded the model to incorporate time, in a “kinetic sodium” equation, and then a term explicitly appears for the rate of sodium correction, a key consideration to avoid treatment complications. The equation is solved for the fluid administration rate to assist the clinician with the hospital order in the management of dysnatremia. Results With baseline data on the input and output rates of Na/K/water along with the patient's body weight, a clinician can use the kinetic equation to aim for a desired [sodium] over a safe timeframe. The formula returns the infusion rate for any treatment fluid, such as normal saline, hypertonic saline, or 5% dextrose in water. The formula can also calculate treatment in terms of the dosage of salt tablets. If an abrupt water diuresis is anticipated, the equation should be entered with the predicted urine [Na+K] and flow rate to avoid overcorrection of hyponatremia. To demonstrate efficacy, we applied the kinetic equation to real-life cases of hypo- and hypernatremia. Conclusions The kinetic equation improves upon existing sodium equations by potentially accounting for all inputs and outputs, if known, and incorporating a rate of correction. The quantitative approach provides a basis for prescribing intravenous fluids and salt tablets.
Determination of Ethanol Content in Kombucha Products by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection: A Multilaboratory Study
Authors: Liu Ying , Chan Michael , Blake Ebersole , Sy Hong , Brown Paula N 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background: Kombucha is a nonalcoholic, fermented tea beverage that has recently received negative attention because of documented concentrations of ethanol in excess of allowable limits of ≥0.5% alcohol by volume (ABV). Objective: Our previously reported headspace GC with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) method was adopted by the AOAC Expert Review Panel as First Action Official MethodSM 2016.12 in September 2016 based on published single-laboratory validation study results. This paper describes the corresponding multilaboratory study using this method to further validate its performance parameters. Methods: Four laboratories participated in the study and received practice samples, test samples, reference standards, and detailed protocols. Eight kombucha samples sent out to laboratories were randomly assigned sample numbers and were blinded in terms of content and identity. Each laboratory analyzed all samples using the GC-FID method and reported their results. Results: Cochran’s C-test and single and double Grubbs’ tests were used to identify and remove outliers. Horwitz ratio values for all samples were between 0.5 and 1.7. As per the Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs®), all samples within the analytical range of 0.1–2.0 ABV% had RSDR values &lt;6%. Conclusions: The results from this study demonstrate the evaluated GC-FID method meets the SMPR requirements and is fit for purpose for detecting ethanol in kombucha products. Highlights: Kombucha, a nonalcoholic, fermented beverage, has been found to contain ≥0.5% ABV. First Action Official Method 2016.12, a headspace GC-FID method for determining ethanol in kombucha, is supported by a multilaboratory study.
L’OMBRE DES CONTES DANS LES FOUS DE BASSAN D’ANNE HÉBERT
Authors: VIGNES SYLVIE 
Published: September 2018

À bien des égards, Les fous de Bassan, publié en 1982 par Anne Hébert, contribue à l’émergence de formes narratives nouvelles et annonce ce que sera l’extrême contemporain en littérature de langue française. Le prix Médicis qui l’a couronné rend hommage à cette inventivité, la structure très travaillée du roman faisant se succéder six récits : « livres », lettres et ce qu’à défaut de terme générique approprié on pourrait qualifier de rêverie posthume. Intitulée « Olivia de la Haute Mer », cette rêverie porte en exergue une citation de Hans Christian Andersen : « Ton coeur se brisera et tu deviendras écume sur la mer ». Anne Hébert réussit à articuler avec autant de fluidité que d’efficacité le mythe antique des sirènes ornithomorphes au conte moderne intitulé La petite sirène, créant un univers symbolique et poétique d’une « inquiétante étrangeté », où la sirène est tour à tour prédatrice et proie, appât et victime sacrificielle, ce qui lui permet, entre autres, d’interroger la féminité et les rapports hommes-femmes avec une remarquable acuité.
RAS-LE-BOL DU CARE
Authors: LAROCHELLE MARIE-HÉLÈNE 
Published: September 2018

La littérature contemporaine des femmes est truffée de personnages féminins qui se
placent en porte à faux avec les attentes écrites pour elles dans les contes traditionnels
et cessent de « prendre soin » d’elles-mêmes comme des autres (pères, maris, enfants, ami.es
et étrangers). Leurs identités se fondent sur une tension, sorte de dialectique constante
entre le care et la violence (symbolique ou physique ; métaphorique ou réelle), qui
trouve ses racines dans les archétypes des contes de fées. Les écrits contemporains des
femmes, à travers l’exploration des thèmes comme les relations amoureuses, les relations
familiales, la maternité, la sexualité et les usages de la drogue, présentent une violence
qui, parfois tournée vers l’autre, parfois tournée vers soi, se comprend mieux une fois
observée sous le prisme d’une éthique de la responsabilité puis du « prendre soin » que le
discours sous-tend. Cet article démontre comment le care devient violence. Il
s’agira de comprendre une certaine limite du care : le cas qui implique de briser
la dynamique, de rompre avec le « prendre soin », violemment, et de rejeter une moralité
cristallisée par les contes traditionnels. Sont ainsi analysés Les sangs
d’Audrée Wilhelmy et Demoiselles-cactus de Clara B.-Turcotte, qui s’inspirent des
codes du conte pour mieux marquer le moment où ils sont fracassés, afin de comprendre les
racines de ce mouvement de révolte à l’égard de certains motifs du conte.
« ON N’A PLUS LES CONTES QUE L’ON AVAIT »
Authors: BELLETÊTE MARISE 
Published: September 2018

Présenté comme un « antépisode moderne au conte de Cendrillon », le roman
Javotte de Simon Boulerice s’inscrit dans le courant des variations
cendrillonesques, en référant aux versions de Charles Perrault et des frères Grimm, ainsi
qu’à l’adaptation filmique de Walt Disney. Toutefois, il a la particularité de se recentrer
plutôt sur le personnage de la demi-soeur, « tirée d’un conte de fées, mais catapultée dans
son xxie siècle » (Javotte, p. 105), qui
est tiraillée entre sa méchanceté et le fantasme obsessif de ressembler à une princesse.
L’imaginaire archaïque du conte nourrissant l’intrigue y est ainsi détourné par la
narratrice entretenant un rapport trouble avec ces oeuvres. Dans cet article, l’auteure
cherche plus particulièrement à dégager la vision subversive et parodique que le roman
propose de l’éclatement de la mémoire des contes merveilleux à notre époque, où l’« [o]n n’a
plus les contes que l’on avait » (Javotte, p. 105), tout en montrant comment leur
accumulation participe à l’ambiguïté identitaire de la narratrice, qui cherche simultanément
à s’y comparer et à les mettre à mal.
L’affectif révélateur de l’« être-là » : éléments conceptuels, méthodologiques et empiriques
Authors: Laffont Georges-Henry , Martouzet Denis 
Published: September 2018

Cet article propose une synthèse de travaux menés depuis deux décennies sur la question du rapport à l’espace notamment dans sa dimension affective. Il en ressort que la connaissance du rapport affectif à l’espace, définie comme le résultat conjoint de l’interaction entre expériences (pratiques, pensées, actes manqués, émotions, etc., survenues en des lieux), leurs retraitements à travers les souvenirs et les projections, anticipations, permet de saisir la construction d’un « être-là » défini comme la synthèse, d’une part, de l’évaluation qualitative que l’individu fait de sa situation à un moment donné au regard de sa trajectoire et, d’autre part, de l’évaluation de ses capacités à maîtriser les distances entre sa localisation et les lieux et donc les liens qui comptent pour lui. Cet « être-là » signifie, au regard de ce qu’un individu est et/ou souhaite devenir, le maintien toujours remis en cause d’un triple équilibre dynamique : entre être à la bonne place et à la bonne distance, entre la part active du « faire avec » et sa part passive, entre un passé valorisé, dévalorisant, assumé ou rejeté et un futur souhaité ou craint.
European population trends and current conservation status of an endangered steppe-bird species: the Dupont’s lark Chersophilus duponti
Authors: Gómez-Catasús Julia , Pérez-Granados Cristian , Barrero Adrián , Bota Gerard , Giralt David , López-Iborra Germán M. , Serrano David , Traba Juan 
Published: September 2018

Background
Steppe-birds face drastic population declines throughout Europe. The Dupont’s lark Chersophilus duponti is an endangered steppe-bird species whose European distribution is restricted to Spain. This scarce passerine bird could be considered an ‘umbrella species’, since its population trends may reveal the conservation status of shrub-steppes. However, trends for the Spanish, and thus European, population of Dupont’s lark are unknown. In this work, we evaluated Dupont’s lark population trends in Europe employing the most recent and largest compiled database to date (92 populations over 12 years). In addition, we assessed the species threat category according to current applicable criteria (approved in March 2017) in the Spanish catalogue of threatened species (SCTS), which have never been applied to the Dupont’s lark nor to any other Spanish species. Finally, we compared the resulting threat categories with the current conservation status at European, national and regional levels.

Methods
We fitted switching linear trend models (software TRIM—Trends and Indices for Monitoring data) to evaluate population trends at national and regional scale (i.e. per Autonomous Community) during the period 2004–2015. In addition, the average finite annual rate of change ($\overline \lambda $) obtained from the TRIM analysis was employed to estimate the percentage of population size change in a 10-year period. A threat category was assigned following A1 and A2 criteria applicable in the SCTS.

Results
Trends showed an overall 3.9% annual decline rate for the Spanish population (moderate decline, following TRIM). Regional analyses showed high inter-regional variability. We forecasted a 32.8% average decline over the next 10 years. According to these results, the species should be listed as ‘Vulnerable’ at a national scale (SCTS). At the regional level, the conservation status of the species is of particular concern in Andalusia and Castile-Leon, where the species qualifies for listing as ‘Endangered’.

Discussion
Our results highlight the concerning conservation status of the European Dupont’s lark population, undergoing a 3.9% annual decline rate. Under this scenario, the implementation of a wide-ranging conservation plan is urgently needed and is vital to ensuring the conservation of this steppe-bird species. The role of administrations in matters of nature protection and the cataloguing of endangered species is crucial to reverse declining population trends of this and other endangered taxa.
X‐Rays Analysis for Space Sciences: X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Simionovici Alexandre , Lemelle Laurence 
Published: September 2018

AbstractX‐ray analysis was introduced at the beginning of the twentieth century, right after the discovery of X‐rays. It represents a specific group of methods of investigation of samples that share the same probe, the X‐rays, and produces nondestructive, highly varied results of the intrinsic properties of specimens. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) is the main method of X‐ray analysis and, as such, constitutes the subject of this article, where it is applied to the priceless astromaterials, better known as extraterrestrial samples. These comprise recorded falls (meteorites), samples collected in space, and sample return mission (SRM) specimens brought back to Earth by space missions, or simply by in situ measurements on Solar System bodies, or from remote orbital or flyby analyses thereof.
A Self‐Folding Polymer Film Based on Swelling Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Troyano Javier , Carné‐Sánchez Arnau , Pérez‐Carvajal Javier , León‐Reina Laura , Imaz Inhar , Cabeza Aurelio , Maspoch Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerein, we exploit the well‐known swelling behaviour of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to create a self‐folding polymer film. Namely, we show that incorporating crystals of the flexible MOF MIL‐88A into a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) matrix affords a polymer composite film that undergoes reversible shape transformations upon exposure to polar solvents and vapours. Since the self‐folding properties of this film correlate directly with the swelling properties of the MIL‐88A crystals, it selectively bends to certain solvents and its degree of folding can be controlled by controlling the relative humidity. Moreover, it shows a shape‐memory effect at relative humidity values from 60 % to 90 %. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that these composite films can lift cargo and can be used to assemble 3D structures from 2D patterns. Our strategy is a straightforward method for designing autonomous soft materials with folding properties that can be tuned by judicious choice of the constituent flexible MOF.
Chalcogen Bonding: An Overview
Authors: Vogel Lukas , Wonner Patrick , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the last few decades, “unusual” noncovalent interactions like anion‐π and halogen bonding have emerged as interesting alternatives to the ubiquitous hydrogen bonding in many research areas. This is also true, to a somewhat lesser extent, for chalcogen bonding, the noncovalent interaction involving Lewis acidic chalcogen centers. Herein, we aim to provide an overview on the use of chalcogen bonding in crystal engineering and in solution, with a focus on the recent developments concerning intermolecular chalcogen bonding in solution‐phase applications. In the solid phase, chalcogen bonding has been used for the construction of nano‐sized structures and the self‐assembly of sophisticated self‐complementary arrays. In solution, until very recently applications mostly focused on intramolecular interactions which stabilized the conformation of intermediates or reagents. In the last few years, intermolecular chalcogen bonding has increasingly also been exploited in solution, most notably in anion recognition and transport as well as in organic synthesis and organocatalysis.
Stabilizing n‐Type Cubic GeSe by Entropy‐Driven Alloying of AgBiSe2: Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and Promising Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Roychowdhury Subhajit , Ghosh Tanmoy , Arora Raagya , Waghmare Umesh V. , Biswas Kanishka 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe realization of n‐type Ge chalcogenides is elusive owing to intrinsic Ge vacancies that make them p‐type semiconductors. GeSe crystallizes into a layered orthorhombic structure similar to SnSe at ambient conditions. The high‐symmetry cubic phase of GeSe is predicted to be stabilized by applying 7 GPa external pressure or by enhancing the entropy by increasing to temperature to 920 K. Stabilization of the n‐type cubic phase of GeSe at ambient conditions was achieved by alloying with AgBiSe2 (30–50 mol %), enhancing the entropy through solid solution mixing. The interplay of positive and negative chemical pressure anomalously changes the band gap of GeSe with increasing the AgBiSe2 concentration. The band gap of n‐type cubic (GeSe)1−x(AgBiSe2)x (0.30≤x≤0.50) has a value in the 0.3–0.4 eV range, which is significantly lower than orthorhombic GeSe (1.1 eV). Cubic (GeSe)1−x(AgBiSe2)x exhibits an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (κL≈0.43 W m−1 K−1) in the 300–723 K range. The low κL is attributed to significant phonon scattering by entropy‐driven enhanced solid‐solution point defects.
Reliability, signature, and relative quality functions of systems under time‐homogeneous load‐sharing models
Authors: Spizzichino Fabio L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor a coherent binary system made of binary components, we consider the assumption that the components' lifetimes are distributed according to a time‐homogeneous, load‐sharing model. Such models are characterized in terms of the so‐called multivariate conditional hazard rate functions. We aim to point out some related properties of the notions of signature, relative quality functions, and reliability functions. On this purpose, we preliminarily collect all the necessary background and review some related literature. This paper concludes with a discussion, also containing some hints for future work.
Determining factors that enable managers to implement an environmental management system for sustainable construction: A case study in Johannesburg
Authors: Ololade Olusola O. , Rametse Palesa P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, the underlying factors that could promote the successful implementation of an environmental management system (EMS) to enhance sustainable construction were considered. The assumption was that the perceptions of top and senior managers affect the success of the implementation of an organisation's EMS. A quantitative, sample‐based approach was used to gather data through online questionnaires; semistructured interviews were also conducted. A targeted sample comprising 198 managers of one company was selected, and 69 responses were received—approximately 35% of the total population sampled. Out of seven top management employees, interviews were conducted with five executives (including the chief executive officer). Descriptive analysis, weighted mean average, and chi‐square test were used to analyse the data. The study revealed that factors that could influence attitudes and perceptions relating to environmental issues among managers in the construction industry are generation (age), level of education, and knowledge and awareness. In this study, older managers and those with higher levels of education were more receptive to promoting environmental issues in the organisation. Even though most of the participants indicated that environmental management was important for their organisation, it was not considered as a priority compared with other issues. However, an EMS was perceived as a formal way to enforce environmental management in their operation. We conclude, therefore, that it is pertinent to include environmental management in the curriculum for the education of construction professionals, so that it forms part of their training.
Interactions between the ACT Domains and Catalytic Subunits of Acetohydroxyacid Synthases (AHASs) from Different Species
Authors: Xie Yonghui , Wen Xin , Zhao Dongmei , Niu Congwei , Zhao Yuefang , Qi Haoman , Xi Zhen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAcetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of branched‐chain amino acids, is a target of several types of potent herbicides and antimicrobials. AHAS contains the catalytic subunit (CS) and the regulatory subunit (RS). The AHAS RS is usually composed of ACT domains and C‐terminal domains. Herein, it is reported that the ACT domain of AHAS RS from different species could efficiently activate its respective CS. Moreover, the universal cross‐activation between the CSs and the ACT domains of RSs across species has been discovered. Based on these biochemical and structural analyses, a molecular basis for the universal ACT‐triggered CS activation is proposed, which would help to design broad‐spectrum herbicides by targeting the interaction interface between CS and ACT from different species.
Growth and Evaluation of Linear Optical, Nonlinear Optical, Thermal, Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Lithium Sodium Sulfate Single Crystals
Authors: Punniyamoorthy R. , Manimekalai R. , Pasupathi G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn recent years, nonlinear optical materials have received attention due to their potential applications in photonics and opto‐electronics. In this pursuit, lithium sodium sulfate (LSS) single crystals are synthesized by adopting a slow evaporation technique at constant temperature (40 °C). The single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) study confirms that the grown LSS belongs to trigonal symmetry with the lattice parameters a = b = 8.452 Å, and c = 30.27 Å. The crystalline nature and purity of LSS are confirmed by the powder XRD technique. The lower cutoff wavelength and optical bandgap of the grown crystal are determined using transmission spectra and found to be 335 nm and 3.5 eV, respectively. The photoluminescence spectrum of the crystal shows the strong blue/green emission at 510 nm, which explains the second harmonic generation (SHG) property. The SHG efficiency is confirmed by the Kurtz and Perry powder method and the SHG efficiency of LSS is 1.09 times greater than that of pottasium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Thermal parameters of the titled material are calculated using a thermogravimetric (TG)/differential thermal analysis (DTA) analyzer. Microhardness studies and the diamagnetic nature of LSS are carried out using a Vicker's hardness tester and a vibration sample magnetometer.