bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between ultrabroadband near‐infrared emission and Yb3+/Ni2+ dopants distribution in highly transparent germanate glass‐ceramics containing zinc gallogermanate nanospinels
Authors: Gao Zhigang , Lu Xiaosong , Zhang Yindong , Guo Shu , Liu Lu , Yang Guang , Liu Yinyao , Sun Shiyu , Ren Jing , Yang Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe photoluminescence properties of dopants are strongly correlated with their distributions in host phosphors, the knowledge of which, however, is not well established yet. In this paper, the distribution of the active dopants, for example, trivalent ytterbium (Yb3+) and bivalent nickel (Ni2+) in a highly transparent germanate glass‐ceramic containing thermally grown Zn1+xGa2−2xGexO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanospinels, is revealed by an analytical transmission electron microscope. The elemental mapping and linescan analysis confirm that both Yb3+ and Ni2+ accumulate preferentially in the germanium‐substituted ZnGa2O4 nanospinels embedded in the glass. The influence of glass crystallization on the electric transition properties of Yb3+ is presented. An enhanced ultrabroadband near infrared emission of Ni2+ is observed as a result of efficient energy transfer from Yb3+ to Ni2+ accumulated in the nanocrystals. Discussions are given to account for the detailed mechanisms of the efficient energy transfer occurring between the dopants.
Effect of heating rate on properties of transparent aluminum oxynitride sintered by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Shan Yingchun , Wei Xialu , Sun Xiannian , Torresani Elisa , Olevsky Eugene A. , Xu Jiujun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh heating rates ranging from 50 to 250°C/min are selected to rapidly sinter transparent aluminum oxynitride (AlON) ceramics by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1600°C under 60 MPa using a bimodal AlON powder synthesized by the carbothermal reduction and nitridation method. With 1 minute holding time before cooling, all the specimens show high density and high transparence. The maximum transmittance is up to 74.5%‐80.6%, where the maximum transmittance is positively correlated with the heating rate. Further analysis reveals that faster heating rates enable the decrease in the amount of the AlON phase decomposed into the α‐Al2O3 and AlN phases during heating. These α‐Al2O3 and AlN phases have to be converted back to AlON at the final stage of sintering, which indicates that a decrease in the amount of the α‐Al2O3 and AlN phases via the boosted heating leads to the higher transmittance of the AlON ceramics. The high heating rates and short holding duration of the SPS utilized in this study result in the fine grain size of the obtained ceramics (1‐6 μm) compared to that of the AlON ceramics fabricated by the conventional sintering method. This effect of high heating rates is confirmed by the coupled densification‐grain growth modeling. In turn, the obtained AlON specimens exhibit a Vickers hardness of 15.87‐16.62 GPa.
Understanding comorbidity of learning disorders: task‐dependent estimates of prevalence
Authors: Moll Kristina , Landerl Karin , Snowling Margaret J. , Schulte‐Körne Gerd 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundReading disorder (RD) and mathematics disorder (MD) frequently co‐occur. However, the exact comorbidity rates differ largely between studies. Given that MD is characterised by high heterogeneity on the symptom level, differences in comorbidity rates may result from different mathematical subskills used to define MD. Comorbidity rates with RD are likely to be higher when MD is measured by mathematical subskills that do not only build on number processing, but also require language (i.e. arithmetic fluency), than when measured by magnitude processing skills.MethodsThe association between literacy, arithmetic fluency and magnitude processing as well as the overlap between deficits in these domains were assessed in a representative sample of 1,454 third Graders.ResultsAssociations were significantly higher between literacy and arithmetic, than between literacy and magnitude processing. This was also reflected in comorbidity rates: comorbidity rates between literacy and arithmetic deficits were four times higher than expected by chance, whereas comorbidity rates between literacy and magnitude processing deficits did not exceed chance rate. Deficits in the two mathematical subskills showed some overlap, but also revealed dissociations, corroborating the high heterogeneity of MD. Results are interpreted within a multiple‐deficit framework and implications for diagnosis and intervention are discussed.ConclusionsThe overlap between RD and MD depends on the subskills used to define MD. Due to shared domain‐general factors mathematical subskills that draw on language skills are more strongly associated with literacy than those that do not require language. The findings further indicate that the same symptom, such as deficits in arithmetic, can be associated with different cognitive deficits, a deficit in language skills or a deficit in number processing.
An experimental evaluation of traits that influence the sexual behaviour of pollinators in sexually deceptive orchids
Authors: Phillips Ryan D. , Peakall Rod 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPollination by sexual deception of male insects is perhaps one of the most remarkable cases of mimicry in the plant kingdom. However, understanding the influence of floral traits on pollinator behaviour in sexually deceptive plants is challenging, due to the risk of confounding changes in floral odour when manipulating morphology. Here, we investigated the floral traits influencing the sexual response of male Zaspilothynnus nigripes (Tiphiidae) wasps, a pollinator of two distantly related sexually deceptive orchids with contrasting floral architecture, Caladenia pectinata and Drakaea livida. In D. livida, the chemical sexual attractant is emitted from the labellum, whereas in C. pectinata, it is produced from the distal sepal tips, allowing manipulative experiments. When controlling for visual cues, there was no difference in long‐distance attraction, although the floral odour of D. livida induced copulation more frequently than that of C. pectinata. The role of colour in pollinator sexual attraction was equivocal, indicating that colour may not be a strong constraint on the initial evolution of sexual deception. The frequency of wasp visitors landing on C. pectinata decreased when the amount of floral odour was reduced, but attempted copulation rates were enhanced when the source of floral odour was associated with the labellum. These latter variables may represent axes of selection that operate across many sexually deceptive species. Nonetheless, the observed variation in floral traits suggests flexibility among species in how sexual deception can be achieved.
Perception of facial, dental, and smile esthetics by dental students
Authors: Alhammadi Maged S. , Halboub Esam , Al‐Mashraqi Abeer A. , Al‐Homoud Mona , Wafi Sharifah , Zakari Areeg , Mashali Wedad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo comprehensively assess dental students’ perception of facial, dental and smile esthetics and to assess whether such a perception varies by gender, clinical training, and Grade Point Average (GPA).Materials and MethodsSeries of photographs were digitally manipulated involving three facial, two smile, four dental, and one gingival components. Students in preclinical and clinical levels evaluated the original and manipulated images using a visual analogue scale scored from 1 to 5 where 5 is the standard image and 1 is the least pleasant one. The responses were then analyzed using Mann‐Whitney test. A P value of < .05 was considered significant.ResultsFour hundred and eight dental students participated in this study. With regard to the overall esthetics, males and clinical students scored higher than females and preclinical students, respectively, did. With regard to the individual esthetic components, males had significantly higher scores in buccal corridors, midline shift, clinical crown width, and gingival marginal height, while females had significantly higher score in median diastema (P < .05). Clinical students had a better perception of facial asymmetry, gingival display, buccal corridors, and clinical crown width compared to the preclinical students. Effect of GPA was minimal and even contradictory; students with lower GPA had a better perception of midline deviation and occlusal canting than those with higher GPA scores.ConclusionsMale dental students, and unexpectedly unlike females, have a better perception of facial and dental esthetics. Unlike GPA, whose effect was minimal, clinical training has a substantial positive effect on the assessment of beauty.Clinical SignificanceAppropriate perception of facial, dental and smile esthetics by dental students is of paramount importance for providing adequate dental services and for improving and polishing their professionalism.© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fracture resistance of all‐ceramic crowns based on different preparation designs for restoring endodontically treated molars
Authors: Krance Aaron , DuVall Nicholas , Brewster John , Roberts Howard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate endodontically treated molar fracture resistance restored with CAD/CAM lithium disilicate (LDS) crowns with different amalgam core preparation design.Materials and MethodsEighty‐four recently extracted mandibular third molars were divided into seven groups (n = 12) and embedded in autopolymerizing resin. Coronal tooth structure was removed, pulp chamber exposed, and pulpal remnants removed. One group received LDS endocrowns, while three groups received amalgam cores with 2, 1, and 0 dentin axial wall heights (AWH). Three additional groups were likewise restored using an amalgam adhesive. Scanned preparations were restored with LDS crowns luted with a self‐adhesive luting cement. After 24 hours, specimens were loaded to failure with results analyzed with Welch's Test/REGW Range Test at a 95% level of confidence (α = 0.05).ResultsThe 1 mm‐AWH amalgam core group had the highest failure load and was similar to the 2 mm‐AWH amalgam, 2 mm‐AWH bonded amalgam, and the 1 mm‐AWH bonded amalgam core groups. The endocrowns had lower failure load than the 1 mm and 2 mm AWH amalgam groups but was similar to other groups.ConclusionsAdhesively luted LDS crowns with amalgam core preparations overall displayed similar failure load, as endocrown restorations. However, crowns based on amalgam cores demonstrated favorable failure modes.Clinical SignificanceThe results of this in vitro test suggests that when suitable tooth structure and sufficient interact restorative space exists, endodontically treated molars restored with lithium disilicate complete crowns based on preparations with amalgam core foundations containing 1 mm and 2 mm of dentin axial wall height could serve as a suitable restorative option that may provide more recoverable failure modes than endocrown restorations.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: The association between post‐traumatic stress disorder and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ng Qin Xiang , Soh Alex Yu Sen , Loke Wayren , Venkatanarayanan Nandini , Lim Donovan Yutong , Yeo Wee‐Song 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and AimPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by symptoms of hyperarousal and hypervigilance. Increasing research on the “gut–brain” axis (bidirectional signaling between the gut and the brain) has drawn links between PTSD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), an exceedingly common yet incompletely understood gastrointestinal condition. This meta‐analysis thus aimed to examine the body of evidence and extent of association of PTSD with IBS.MethodsUsing the keywords [early abuse OR childhood abuse OR violence OR trauma OR PTSD] AND [irritable bowel syndrome or IBS], a preliminary search on the PubMed, Medline, Embase, ScienceDirect, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases yielded 11,257 papers published in English between January 1, 1988, and May 1, 2018. Of these, only eight studies were included in the final meta‐analysis.ResultsThe eight studies (four cross‐sectional and four cohort) contained a total of 648,375 subjects. Most studies were from the USA and conducted on army veterans. The funnel plot revealed a roughly symmetrical distribution of studies, and Egger test was not significant for publication bias (P = 0.583). Random‐effects meta‐analysis found PTSD to be a significant risk factor for IBS (pooled odds ratio 2.80, 95% confidence interval: 2.06 to 3.54, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOverall, PTSD is associated with an increased likelihood of IBS. This is the first meta‐analysis to specifically examine the association between PTSD and IBS, and it provides insights into the probable (patho)physiology and management of IBS, supporting a holistic consideration of the psychosocial aspects of IBS and further research into effective multi‐modal therapeutics.
Efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir for Japanese patients with genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C complicated by chronic kidney disease, including those undergoing hemodialysis: A post hoc analysis of a multicenter study
Authors: Atsukawa Masanori , Tsubota Akihito , Toyoda Hidenori , Takaguchi Koichi , Kondo Chisa , Okubo Tomomi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Michitaka Kojiro , Fujioka Shinichi , Uojima Haruki , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Ikeda Hiroki , Asano Toru , Ishikawa Toru , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Abe Hiroshi , Kato Keizo , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ogawa Chikara , Shimada Noritomo , Iio Etsuko , Mikami Shigeru , Tanaka Yasuhito , Kumada Takashi , Iwakiri Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir in genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C Japanese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those undergoing hemodialysis.MethodsThis post hoc analysis of a multicenter, retrospective study included patients who had received elbasvir/grazoprevir. CKD was defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The sustained virologic response (SVR) rate and frequency of treatment‐emergent adverse events were assessed in patients with CKD.ResultsThe study population comprised 155 men and 182 women. The median eGFR level at baseline was 69.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 (range, 3.0–128.5 mL/min/1.73 m2). Among the 337 patients, 109 (32.3%) had CKD: 72, 14, and 23 (including 20 hemodialysis) had CKD stages 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The SVR rates according to the baseline CKD stages were 98.1% (51/52) in stage 1, 98.3% (173/176) in stage 2, 93.9% (46/49) in stage 3a, 100% (23/23) in stage 3b, 100% (14/14) in stage 4, and 100% (23/23) in stage 5. All 20 patients undergoing hemodialysis achieved SVR. There was no significant decrease from baseline in the median eGFR level throughout the treatment period among the patients with CKD. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was 6.4% (7/109) among the patients with CKD and 9.7% (22/228) among the patients without CKD (not significant, P = 0.323).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that elbasvir and grazoprevir are highly effective and safe for genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C Japanese patients with CKD, including those undergoing hemodialysis.
Validity of Japanese version of SARC‐F questionnaire in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Ida Satoshi , Kojima Yuji , Hamaoka Shima , Urawa Naohito , Araki Jun , Kaneko Ryutaro , Murata Kazuya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to examine the validity of the Japanese version of SARC‐F questionnaire (SARC‐F‐J) that employs the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia established by the Japan Society of Hepatology in patients with chronic liver disease.MethodsSubjects were outpatients at the Department of Hepatology at the Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, Japan. Evaluations were performed using the following self‐administered questionnaires: SARC‐F‐J, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG‐IC), the Japanese version of the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), and Kaigo–Yobo Checklist (CL). Based on the diagnostic criteria of the Japan Society of Hepatology, we diagnosed sarcopenia from the skeletal muscle index calculated using the iliopsoas muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra on computed tomography and from grip strength. To evaluate construct validity, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of SARC‐F‐J that used the diagnostic criteria of the Japan Society of Hepatology as reference. Furthermore, to evaluate convergent validity, we calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients between SARC‐F‐J and TMIG‐IC, FES, and CL.ResultsA total of 140 subjects were included in the analysis set. Sensitivity and specificity were 16.3% and 45.0% and 95.3% and 90.8% for men and women, respectively. The positive predictive value was 81.8% for both, whereas the negative predictive value was 47.1% and 64.5% for men and women, respectively. A significant correlation was seen between SARC‐F‐J and TMIG‐IC, FES, and CL.ConclusionsWe believe that the SARC‐F‐J is a valid tool for patients with chronic liver disease.
β‐Arrestin1 alleviates acute pancreatitis via repression of NF‐κBp65 activation
Authors: Tao Li , Lin Xianyi , Tan Siwei , Lei Yiming , Liu Huiling , Guo Yuwei , Zheng Fengping , Wu Bin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and Aimβ‐Arrestins (β‐arrs) are regulators and mediators of G protein‐coupled receptor signaling that are functionally involved in inflammation. Nuclear factor‐κB p65 (NF‐κBp65) activation has been observed early in the onset of pancreatitis. However, the effect of β‐arrs in acute pancreatitis (AP) is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether β‐arrs are involved in AP through activation of NF‐κBp65.MethodsAcute pancreatitis was induced by either caerulein injection or choline‐deficient supplemented with ethionine diet (CDE). β‐arr1 wild‐type and β‐arr1 knockout mice were used in the experiment. The survival rate was calculated in the CDE model mice. Histological and western blot analyses were performed in the caerulein model. Inflammatory mediators were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction in the caerulein‐induced AP mice. Furthermore, AR42J and PANC‐1 cell lines were used to further study the effects of β‐arr1 in caerulein‐induced pancreatic cells.Resultsβ‐Arr1 but not β‐arr2 is significantly downregulated in caerulein‐induced AP in mice. Targeted deletion of β‐arr1 notably upregulated expression of the pancreatic inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β as well as interleukin 6 and aggravated AP in caerulein‐induced mice. β‐Arr1 deficiency increased mortality in mice with CDE‐induced AP. Further, β‐arr1 deficiency enhanced caerulein‐induced phosphorylation of NF‐κBp65 both in vivo and in vitro.Conclusionβ‐Arr1 alleviates AP via repression of NF‐κBp65 activation, and it is a potentially therapeutic target for AP.
Ribosomal biogenesis as an emerging target of neurodevelopmental pathologies
Authors: Hetman Michal , Slomnicki Lukasz P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDevelopment of the nervous system is carried out by complex gene expression programs that are regulated at both transcriptional and translational level. In addition, quality control mechanisms such as the TP53‐mediated apoptosis or neuronal activity‐stimulated survival ensure successful neurogenesis and formation of functional circuitries. In the nucleolus, production of ribosomes is essential for protein synthesis. In addition, it participates in chromatin organization and regulates the TP53 pathway via the ribosomal stress response. Its tight regulation is required for maintenance of genomic integrity. Mutations in several ribosomal components and trans‐acting ribosomal biogenesis factors result in neurodevelopmental syndromes that present with microcephaly, autism, intellectual deficits and/or progressive neurodegeneration. Furthermore, ribosomal biogenesis is perturbed by exogenous factors that disrupt neurodevelopment including alcohol or Zika virus. In this review, we present recent literature that argues for a role of dysregulated ribosomal biogenesis in pathogenesis of various neurodevelopmental syndromes. We also discuss potential mechanisms through which such dysregulation may lead to cellular pathologies of the developing nervous system including insufficient proliferation and/or loss of neuroprogenitors cells, apoptosis of immature neurons, altered neuronal morphogenesis, and neurodegeneration.
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Effects of low phosphorus intake on serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity and parathyroid hormone in growing dogs
Authors: Kiefer‐Hecker Britta , Bauer Alexander , Dobenecker Britta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA sufficient and balanced supply of calcium and phosphorus is important mainly for the skeletal health of dogs, especially during growth. Numerous reports and research results are quoted, which focus mainly on the effects of both deficient or excessive calcium supplies. The important role that phosphorus plays in the disruption to skeletal development is also explored. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of a low phosphorus supply on selected serum parameters of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in both medium and large breed growing dogs, alongside the effects on the apparent digestibility and retention of these minerals as well as the musculoskeletal development, which were published before. Beagle and Foxhound‐crossbred puppies (n = 53) between the age of 6 and 24 weeks were either fed a balanced (control) or a low phosphorus diet, the latter one providing about one‐third of P amount fed to the control group. In regular intervals, blood samples were obtained to measure serum levels of phosphorus, calcium, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Functional Additive Mixed Models were used to analyse these serum concentrations per group and per diet. In the puppies being fed the low phosphorus diet, a distinct decline of serum phosphate concentration was detected with a more pronounced and prolonged effect in the smaller Beagles. At the same time, serum calcium concentration altered in the opposite direction, implying that the product of calcium multiplied by phosphorus was regulated more closely than the calcium to phosphorus ratio. The PTH concentrations were reduced and ALP activity increased at certain time points during the low phosphorus feeding compared to the puppies being fed the control diet. In the latter group, an effect of time or maturation could be demonstrated in relation to the serum phosphate concentration.