bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of Infection: Are They Useful in the ICU?
Authors: Heilmann Eva , Gregoriano Claudia , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiomarkers are increasingly used in patients with serious infections in the critical care setting to complement clinical judgment and interpretation of other diagnostic and prognostic tests. The main purposes of such blood markers are (1) to improve infection diagnosis (i.e., differentiation between bacterial vs. viral vs. fungal vs. noninfectious), (2) to help in the early risk stratification and thus provide prognostic information regarding the risk for mortality and other adverse outcomes, and (3) to optimize antibiotic tailoring to individual needs of patients (“antibiotic stewardship”).Especially in critically ill patients, in whom sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, rapid diagnosis is desirable to start timely and specific treatment.Besides some biomarkers, such as procalcitonin, which is well established and has shown positive effects in regard to utilization of antimicrobials and clinical outcomes, there is a growing number of novel markers from different pathophysiological pathways, where the final proof of an added value to clinical judgment and ultimately clinical benefit to patients is still lacking.Without a doubt, the addition of blood biomarkers to clinical medicine has had a strong impact on the way we care for patients today. Recent trials show that as an adjunct to other clinical and laboratory parameters these markers provide important information about risks for bacterial infection and resolution of infection. Moreover, biomarkers can help to optimize management of patients with serious illness in the intensive care unit, thereby offering more individualized treatment courses with overall improvements in clinical outcomes.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Nonimmunocompromised Hosts
Authors: Tudesq Jean-Jacques , Peyrony Olivier , Lemiale Virginie , Azoulay Elie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal infection that is the hallmark of severe cellular or complex immune alterations. Evidence that IPA can occur in nonimmunocompromised hosts is increasing. Actually, up to 1% of general intensive care unit (ICU) patients present positive samples with Aspergillus spp. Both colonization and invasive disease are associated with poor outcome. Unexpected IPA has also been reported in approximately 1% of critically ill patients who underwent postmortem biopsies. In nonimmunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), IPA prevalence can reach up to 15% of patients in both clinical and autopsy studies. Factors associated with IPA in nonimmunocompromised critically ill hosts include short and long courses of steroids, broad antibiotic therapy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ARDS, liver failure, and the severity of organ dysfunctions.This review aims to appraise the prevalence of IPA in nonimmunocompromised hosts, address diagnostic challenges, and outcomes.
Imaginaries as infrastructures? The emergence of non-invasive prenatal testing in Austria
Authors: Metzler Ingrid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNon-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a new technology used in prenatal testing (PT) that capitalizes on genomic platforms to transform DNA fragments in the blood of pregnant women into information about the genome of a foetus. Since its market introduction in 2011, it has travelled around the globe with remarkable speed. This article engages with the emergence of NIPT in and around Vienna, the capital city of Austria, to explore why and how this technology could travel so quickly in practice. Based on a qualitative analysis of interviews, documents, and field notes, it argues, first, that NIPT could travel so quickly because it travelled as ‘adaptable boxes’ that added on to different ‘local worlds of prenatal testing (PT)’, without disrupting them. Second, in so doing, NIPT could travel on a moral and material ground, or an ‘imaginary of PT’, built in the past. Third, the article argues that elements of this imaginary were also mobilized by commercial pioneers of NIPT, who ‘infrastructurized’ extant values, practices, and networks among biomedical professionals. Thus, various actors converged in mobilizing moral and material elements of an imaginary, transforming them into an infrastructure that facilitated the travels of NIPT, while also shaping its use.
A benchtop system to assess the feasibility of a fully independent
and implantable brain-machine interface
Authors: Wang Po T , Camacho Everardo , Wang Ming , Li Yongcheng , Shaw Susan J , Armacost Michelle , Gong Hui , Kramer Daniel , Lee Brian , Andersen Richard A , Liu Charles Y , Heydari Payam , Nenadic Zoran , Do An H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective. State-of-the-art invasive brain-machine interfaces
(BMIs) have shown significant promise, but rely on external electronics and
wired connections between the brain and these external components. This
configuration presents health risks and limits practical use. These limitations
can be addressed by designing a fully implantable BMI similar to existing
FDA-approved implantable devices. Here, a prototype BMI system whose size and
power consumption are comparable to those of fully implantable medical devices
was designed and implemented, and its performance was tested at the benchtop and
bedside. Approach. A prototype of a fully implantable BMI
system was designed and implemented as a miniaturized embedded system. This
benchtop analogue was tested in its ability to acquire signals, train a decoder,
perform online decoding, wirelessly control external devices, and operate
independently on battery. Furthermore, performance metrics such as power
consumption were benchmarked. Main results. An analogue of a
fully implantable BMI was fabricated with a miniaturized form factor. A patient
undergoing epilepsy surgery evaluation with an electrocorticogram (ECoG) grid
implanted over the primary motor cortex was recruited to operate the system.
Seven online runs were performed with an average binary state decoding accuracy
of 87.0% (lag optimized, or 85.0% at fixed latency). The system was powered by a
wirelessly rechargeable battery, consumed  ∼150 mW, and
operated for  >60 h on a single battery cycle.
Significance. The BMI analogue achieved immediate and
accurate decoding of ECoG signals underlying hand movements. A wirelessly
rechargeable battery and other supporting functions allowed the system to
function independently. In addition to the small footprint and acceptable power
and heat dissipation, these results suggest that fully implantable BMI systems
are feasible.
Analysis of Energy Consumption in Rubber Cultivation in Malaysia: A Case Study
Authors: Zulekipli H A , Pebrian D E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Efficient energy use in rubber cultivation is one of the important strategies that can facilitate the sustainability and competitiveness of this crop as one of the main contributors in Malaysian economy from agricultural sector. Therefore, a case study was conducted to analyze the efficiency energy in Malaysian rubber cultivation. Data and other relevant information were gathered through a combination of oral interviews and field observations at rubber plantations located in the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia Mini Station (RRIMINIS), Jasin, Melaka and Lakai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Mathematical calculations and computer spreadsheet were used to analyze the collected data. The findings showed that the rubber cultivation in the study areas consumed 16080.86 MJ/ha of energy. The largest amount of this energy, which accounts for 65.93% was consumed by fertilizing operation, followed by planting, weeding, collecting latex, land preparation, spraying hormones, tapping and pruning with share of 15.92%, 9.66%, 4.03%, 3.93%, 0.44%, 0.06%, and 0.04%, respectively. Energy output/inputs ratio in the rubber cultivation was 0.83. Decisively, the energy inputs used in the rubber plantations were less effective since the energy output/inputs ratio is lower than 1. Thus, energy saving-technologies and techniques are highly recommended to be introduced in rubber cultivation in Malaysia in order to achieve sustainability of economics and productivity of rubber planting industry in the country.
Mapping of Irrigation Service Capacity by Remote Sensing in Batang Tampo Irrigation System-Lintau Buo
Authors: Asmuti A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Batang Tampo Irrigation System (DI Tampo) area 1,437 ha, has 65 irrigation service are in Sub Basin Batang Tampo. Main river in Sub Basin is 25 km and a part of Sub Basin Kuantan-Inderagiri. This area lied on hilly terrain 350-2262 m above sea level. Normaly, cropping intensity of rice farms is 2 to 2,5. But in dry period in downstream area it has 1 or failed because of water stress or dried. Even The rainfield area is not planted in the period of dry season. The area of rice field along the river or irrigation system show that it has better cropping intensity. It should have to know how is irrigation service capacity of Batang Tampo Irrigation System. Technology of Remote Sensing it can be used to evaluate of the capacity of irrigation sevice by using of information data satelite, like Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for topografi data, image, land level and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and rain (Herdianto dkk., 2010). This data usely combine with Geographic Information System (GIS) for spacial information data. This study aims to map the ability of DI Tampo service by utilizing remote sensing technology with a vegetation index as its main parameter, upstream - downstream variations, variations otf the position rice farms land level (Hilly or Valley) or terrain land level, and distance of rice fields from irrigation water sources. The method to identification of the capacity irrigation service is EVI by remote sensing and survey by the farmers to verivication data. Hydrology data is collected by the authority. Rice field area is identified by GIS and topography data by DEM. EVI value, which is a representation of photosynthetic activity and canopy density of paddy cropped or cropping intensity on paddy field each year. Average EVI data is collect for five years (2012 – 2017, excepted 2015). The result of this research shows: Irrigation service capacity influences by the topography of rice farms, mainly in the upstream. In upstream, some area of rice field was not cropped of paddy (different crop) because of water scarsity and different land level of rice farm (Hilly and river). In the downstream Irrigation service capacity influences by the distance of paddy field from the water resource.
Pyrolysis and Characterization of Liquid Smoke from Cacao Pod Husks
Authors: Putri R E , Kasim A , Emriadi  , Asben A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cacao pod husks were treated by the pyrolysis process to produce liquid smoke. Cacao pod husks can be utilized to produced their useful chemicals by pyrolysis. The reactor of pyrolysis used is made from cylindrical stell reactor with a small capacity, rust resistant and portable. A sample was pyrolyzed for 5 hours. The parameters measured to determine the quality of liquid smoke are the yield of pyrolysis products, pH, the concentration of acetic acid and phenol concentration. The quality of liquid smoke also tested by looking at the chemical components of liquid smoke by using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The pyrolysis process produced products in the form of liquid smoke, charcoal, tar, and gas. The yield of pyrolysis products are 14.77; 40.43; 1.67; and 43.13%, respectively. Liquid smoke obtained has a pH of 3.2 levels, acetic acid 9.306 ppm, and phenol levels 1.688 ppm. GC-MS measurement result showed that methanol, acetic acid, and acetol are the highest concentration of chemical obtained in liquid smoke.
The Effects of Various Way of Processing Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L. Processing Var Glutinosa) on Digestibility and Energy Value of the Products
Authors: Rini  , Yenrina R , Anggraini T , Chania N E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research is to study about the nutritional value, digestibility, and energy value from various ways of black glutinous rice processing. This research used explorative design using five processing methods and three replications. The results showed that the highest water content was found in boiled black glutinous rice (75.61%), the highest ash content in roasted black glutinous rice (1.19%), the highest fat content in puffing black glutinous rice (10.51%), the highest protein content in puffingblack glutinous rice (11.09%), the highest starch digestibility in roasted black glutinous rice (80.12%), the highest amylose content and the lowest amylopectin in roastedblack glutinous rice (10.32% and 89,67% respectively), the highest starch digestibility in puffingblack glutinous rice(75.61%), the highest antioxidant activity in raw black glutinous rice (60.75%), and the highest energy content (408 kcal) in puffing black glutinous rice.
The Effect of Fish Type and Variety on Growth and Results Through the Application of Minapadi-SRI
Authors: Rozen N , Anwar A , Kristina N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
National food security must be maintained because the food need of the Indonesian population in the next few years will still continue to increase. Since there is no food diversification for their staple food, rice role will still dominate. More over, the conversion of irrigated rice fields functions is also increasing. This reality must be addressed with policies and the application of efficient lowland rice production technology so that it is still able to meet national food needs while the income of wetland rice farmers increase. This study, combined an experimental production technology and descriptive methods on the farmer income aspect institutional strengthening. The aim of the research is to increase the added value of irrigated rice fields, which area is believed to be increasingly shrinking, while on the other side still produce rice as the main national food and also produce the addition of animal food in the form of fish coulde. Data obtained in the previous study showed that combination of water dept of a 10 cm with 50 cm width is the best treatment for the development of rice and fish togethere. This treatment is used as well as basis for testing the MINAPADI-SRI pattern with more varieties and types of fish, which is expected to obtaine more practical and profitable combinations. The research was conducted in the Split plot design where fish species (Tawes, Mas, and Nila) as the main plot and the rice varieties (PB42, Batang Piaman, and Beras Merah) as sub plot. The results showed that the PB42 gave higher yield compared to two the other varieties where tilapia and goldfish were which maintained in the technically irrigated rice fields.
Nutrients Dynamics in Peat Soil: Influence of Fluctuating Water Table
Authors: Kassim N Q B , Yaacob A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study assesses the dynamics of nutrients in peat soil under fluctuating water table using designated soil columns. Results showed that the concentration of total N and mineral-N (NO3–N and NH4+-N) were maximized when the water table was maintained at 40 cm. When the water table was fluctuated between 0-40 cm depth (representing the water table during wet season), soil available P reached its highest concentration in the soil. The fluctuation of water table between 40 - 80 cm depth (representing the water table during dry season) allows the gradual release of exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Na. The study indicated that the fluctuating water table affects the different nutrients differently.
Percentage Value of Membrane Integrity and Acrosome Integrity Spermatozoa in Simmental Liquid Semen with Addition Penicillin and Sweet Orange Essential Oil
Authors: Sitepu S A , Marisa J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Growth of bacteria in the Simmental liquid semen is is the cause of the quality of liquid cement to be bad. The addition of antibiotics has been done to inhibit the growth of bacteria in the liquid semen. One of antibiotic that often used is penicillin. The addition of sweet orange essential oil is expected to further suppress the growth of bacteria because it contains antibacterial. The research objective was to determine the value of the percentage Membrane Integrity and Acrosome Integrity on Simmental liquid semen with the addition penicillin and sweet orange essential oil. The method used was experimental using Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment was addition 0%, 0,25%; 0.5%; 0.75% and 1% sweet orange essential oil on tris yolk and penicillin extender. The results showed that addition sweet orange essential oil and tris yolk and penicillin extender resulted the best percentage value of the Membrane Integrity and Acrosome Integrity in Simmental liquid semen was the addition of sweet orange essential oil 1%.
Facile Synthesis of Carboxylated Activated Carbon Using Green Approach for Water Treatment
Authors: Mahardiani L , Saputro S , Baskoro F , Zinki N M , Taufiq M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A chemical treatment by using oxidizing agents is the most common methodology to modify or create functional groups on activated carbon. The modified activated carbon obtained from chemical oxidation needs further treatment and produced waste, therefore a new approach is needed. A facile green approach is reported. In this approach the activated carbon was oxidized using air without additional chemical treatment to increase the content of acidic surface functional groups, especially carboxyl groups. The formation of carboxyl groups was confirmed by Temperature Programmed Decomposition, Boehm titration, and Infra-red spectroscopy results. The Boehm titration result showed higher contents of carboxyl groups by three-fold. The carboxylated activated carbon synthesized by green approach showed excellent performance for water treatment.
Synthesis and characterization of hematite (α-Fe2O3) from lathe waste using co-precipitation -calcination method
Authors: Khoiroh L M , Al-Chabib M N , Prasetyo A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lathe waste contains high iron, therefore it has the potential to be a precursor in hematite (α-Fe2O3) synthesis. In this work, hematite was synthesized from lathe waste using the co-precipitation-calcination method with variation time of calcination: 1, 2, 3, 4 hours. The X-Ray diffraction data showed that the goethite (α-FeOOH) phase was obtained at precipitation stage then transformed to hematite (α-Fe2O3) phase after calcination and there is no impurities. The image of scanning electron microscopy showed that the distribution of particle size was not uniform. The color parameter showed that the highest chroma was achieved for 3 hours calcination.
Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-pectin as adsorbent of dyes
Authors: Hastuti B , Hadi S , Afifah S N , Mulyani B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Environmental pollution due to the disposal of colored substances can endanger both the environment and humans. For this reason, the presence of dyes pollutants needs to be reduced, where adsorption method has become one of the alternative. Research on synthesis of modified chitosan to pectin polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) Chi-Pec has been carried out in order to improve the characteristic of chitosan as adsorbent. The research was done by mixing chitosan solution in acetic acid with pectin solution in water for 3 hours stirring. The solution was then printed out into a polypropylene container and dried. The formed membrane was characterized using FTIR to identify functional groups, XRD and SEM to analyze their physical characteristic. The results showed that the Chi-Pec adsorbent had stability and resistance to the acidic environment. Characterization results using FTIR showed that the adsorbent has functional group of amine, carboxyl and hydrogen. The results of XRD show that the adsorbent was not crystalline. Furthermore, SEM data shows a solid structure of the adsorbent.
Synthesis and Characterization Complex Nickel(II) with Diphenylamine
Authors: Rasyda Y A , Rahardjo S B , Nurdiyah F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and diphenylamine formed a complex compound in 1:6 mole ratio of metal to ligand in methanol. The forming of the complex was indicated by shifting of maximum wavelength in UV-Vis spectra. Analysis of the nickel percentage in the complex by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) showed an empirical formula of the complex was Ni(diphenylamine)4(NO3)2.6H2O. The conductivity measurement of the complex showed the charge ratio of cation and anion = 1:1. It meant that NO3
- was coordinated to the Ni2+ center ion and likewise as a counter ion. The formula of complex was approximated [Ni(diphenylamine)4(NO3)(H2O)](NO3).5H2O. Based on infrared spectra, it releaved diphenylamine as monodentate ligand which bind to nickel(II) through the secondary NH functional groups. Electronic spectra showed a transition peak at 25252 cm-1 and 13802 cm-1 which indicating octahedral geometry. The complex was paramagnetic with μeff= 2.99 BM.
Local Wood’s Bio-Oil Upgrading Using Non-sulfided (Co, Mo)/USY Catalyst
Authors: Nugrahaningtyas K D , Prasetyorini E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this present study, the non-sulfided (Co, Mo)/USY has used as a catalyst on the hydrotreating and hydrocracking (HC) reactions for upgrading the quality of bio-oil. The bio-oils were obtained from sengon, coconut, meranti, and bangkirai woody biomass by pyrolysis method at a temperature of 300 °C and atmospheric pressure. Meanwhile, the hydrotreating and HC reactions were done with a flow reactor at 300 °C, under H2 gas flow (20 mL/min). The composition of bio-oil and upgrading bio-oil were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The resulted show that the main component of bio-oil is levoglucosan, while the main product of upgrading bio-oil is methyl format. Bio-oil with the highest yield obtained from meranti on the HC reaction that used Co-Mo/USY catalyst.
Textile Wastewater Treatment by Using Plasma Corona Discharge in a Continuous Flow System
Authors: Amrial M , Kusumandari K , Saraswati T E , Suselo Y H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to figure out plasma corona discharge for textile wastewater degradation with continuous flow system. Plasma reactor using AC voltage of 11.5 kV and two stainless steel electrode which set up parallelly 4.0±0.5 mm above wastewater. Continuous flow system means the wastewater flowing continuously with flow rate of 60 ml/min. Characteristics of absorbance, pH, temperature, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and conductivity were measured before and after plasma treatment. Absorbance, pH and TSS value of wastewater were decrease after plasma treatment,. While the TDS, conductivity and the temperature were relatively increase. This result indicate better quality of wastewater.
Properties of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas putida grown in Crude Palm Oil (CPO)
Authors: Suryanti V , Handayani D S , Masykur A , Lindasari  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas putida grown on crude palm oil (CPO) as carbon source have been characterized. Biosurfactant was produced in nutrient broth medium containing NaCl and 10% v/v of crude palm oil (CPO) with 5 days of incubation time. Biosurfactants are able to reduce water surface tension from 72 to 54 mN/m and has a CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration) value of 798 mg/L. Biosurfactant has a water in oil (w/o) emulsion system. Biosurfactants are able to form emulsions between water and several hydrocarbons, including benzene, lubricating oil, palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil and olive oil. The largest emulsion index of 83% is obtained from the water emulsion with lubricating oil and can last up to 30 days.