bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity-Dependent Myelination of Parvalbumin Interneurons Mediated by Axonal Morphological Plasticity
Authors: Stedehouder Jeffrey , Brizee Demi , Shpak Guy , Kushner Steven A. 
Published: March 2018

Axonal myelination of neocortical pyramidal neurons is modulated dynamically by neuronal activity. Recent studies have shown that a substantial proportion of neocortical myelin content is contributed by fast-spiking, parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons. However, it remains unknown whether the myelination of PV+interneurons is also modulated by intrinsic activity. Here, we used cell-type-specific Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) in adult mice to activate a sparse population of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) PV+interneurons. Using single-cell axonal reconstructions, we found that DREADD-stimulated PV+interneurons exhibited a nearly two-fold increase in total length of myelination, predominantly mediated by a parallel increase of axonal arborization and number of internodes. In contrast, the distribution of axonal interbranch segment distance and myelin internode length were not altered significantly. Topographical analysis revealed that myelination of DREADD-stimulated cells extended to higher axonal branch orders while retaining a similar interbranch distance threshold for myelination. Together, our results demonstrate that chemogenetically induced neuronal activity increases the myelination of neocortical PV+interneurons mediated at least in part by an elaboration of their axonal morphology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMyelination is the wrapping of an axon to optimize conduction velocity in an energy-efficient manner. Previous studies have shown that myelination of neocortical pyramidal neurons is experience and activity dependent. We now show that activity-dependent myelin plasticity in the adult neocortex extends to parvalbumin (PV)-expressing fast-spiking interneurons. Chemogenetic stimulation of PV interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) significantly enhanced axonal myelination, which was paralleled by an increase in axonal arborization. This suggests that activity-dependent axonal plasticity may involve changes in both structural morphology and myelination. Such multicomponent plasticity reveals an unexpected repertoire of anatomical parameters available for optimizing and adapting neuronal networks in response to experience.
TRPM2 Channel Aggravates CNS Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment via Activation of Microglia in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Authors: Miyanohara Jun , Kakae Masashi , Nagayasu Kazuki , Nakagawa Takayuki , Mori Yasuo , Arai Ken , Shirakawa Hisashi , Kaneko Shuji 
Published: March 2018

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a characteristic seen in widespread CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative and mental disorders, and is commonly accompanied by cognitive impairment. Recently, several studies demonstrated that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can induce the excessive inflammatory responses that precede neuronal dysfunction; however, the precise mechanism of cognitive impairment due to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remains unknown. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable channel that is abundantly expressed in immune cells and is involved in aggravation of inflammatory responses. Therefore, we investigated the pathophysiological role of TRPM2 in a mouse chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model with bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). When male mice were subjected to BCAS, cognitive dysfunction and white matter injury at day 28 were significantly improved in TRPM2 knock-out (TRPM2-KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, whereas hippocampal damage was not observed. There were no differences in blood–brain barrier breakdown and H2O2production between the two genotypes at 14 and 28 d after BCAS. Cytokine production was significantly suppressed in BCAS-operated TRPM2-KO mice compared with WT mice at day 28. In addition, the number of Iba1-positive cells gradually decreased from day 14. Moreover, daily treatment with minocycline significantly improved cognitive perturbation. Surgical techniques using bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that activated Iba1-positive cells in white matter could be brain-resident microglia, not peripheral macrophages. Together, these findings suggest that microglia contribute to the aggravation of cognitive impairment by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and that TRPM2 may be a potential target for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic cerebral hypoperfusion is manifested in a wide variety of CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative and mental disorders that are accompanied by cognitive impairment; however, the underlying mechanisms require clarification. Here, we used a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model to investigate whether TRPM2, a Ca2+-permeable cation channel highly expressed in immune cells, plays a destructive role in the development of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced cognitive impairment, and propose a new hypothesis in which TRPM2-mediated activation of microglia, not macrophages, specifically contributes to the pathology through the aggravation of inflammatory responses. These findings shed light on the understanding of the mechanisms of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related inflammation, and are expected to provide a novel therapeutic molecule for cognitive impairment in CNS diseases.
β-Secretase BACE1 Promotes Surface Expression and Function of Kv3.4 at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synapses
Authors: Hartmann Stephanie , Zheng Fang , Kyncl Michele C. , Karch Sandra , Voelkl Kerstin , Zott Benedikt , D'Avanzo Carla , Lomoio Selene , Tesco Giuseppina , Kim Doo Y. , Alzheimer Christian , Huth Tobias 
Published: March 2018

The β-secretase β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is deemed a major culprit in Alzheimer's disease, but accumulating evidence indicates that there is more to the enzyme than driving the amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein. For example, BACE1 has emerged as an important regulator of neuronal activity through proteolytic and, most unexpectedly, also through nonproteolytic interactions with several ion channels. Here, we identify and characterize the voltage-gated K+channel 3.4 (Kv3.4) as a new and functionally relevant interaction partner of BACE1. Kv3.4 gives rise to A-type current with fast activating and inactivating kinetics and serves to repolarize the presynaptic action potential. We found that BACE1 and Kv3.4 are highly enriched and remarkably colocalized in hippocampal mossy fibers (MFs). In BACE1−/−mice of either sex, Kv3.4 surface expression was significantly reduced in the hippocampus and, in synaptic fractions thereof, Kv3.4 was specifically diminished, whereas protein levels of other presynaptic K+channels such as KCa1.1 and KCa2.3 remained unchanged. The apparent loss of presynaptic Kv3.4 affected the strength of excitatory transmission at the MF–CA3 synapse in hippocampal slices of BACE1−/−mice when probed with the Kv3 channel blocker BDS-I. The effect of BACE1 on Kv3.4 expression and function should be bidirectional, as predicted from a heterologous expression system, in which BACE1 cotransfection produced a concomitant upregulation of Kv3.4 surface level and current based on a physical interaction between the two proteins. Our data show that, by targeting Kv3.4 to presynaptic sites, BACE1 endows the terminal with a powerful means to regulate the strength of transmitter release.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe β-secretase β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is infamous for its crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, but its physiological functions in the intact nervous system are only gradually being unveiled. Here, we extend previous work implicating BACE1 in the expression and function of voltage-gated Na+and K+channels. Specifically, we characterize voltage-gated K+channel 3.4 (Kv3.4), a presynaptic K+channel required for action potential repolarization, as a novel interaction partner of BACE1 at the mossy fiber (MF)–CA3 synapse of the hippocampus. BACE1 promotes surface expression of Kv3.4 at MF terminals, most likely by physically associating with the channel protein in a nonenzymatic fashion. We advance the BACE1–Kv3.4 interaction as a mechanism to strengthen the temporal control over transmitter release from MF terminals.
A Bayesian Framework for Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling Identifies New Candidate Loci for Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Xulong , Philip Vivek M , Ananda Guruprasad , White Charles C , Malhotra Ankit , Michalski Paul J , Karuturi Krishna R Murthy , Chintalapudi Sumana R , Acklin Casey , Sasner Michael , Bennett David A , De Jager Philip L , Howell Gareth R , Carter Gregory W 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Recent technical and methodological advances have greatly enhanced genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The advent of low-cost, whole-genome sequencing facilitates high-resolution variant identification, and the development of linear mixed models (LMM) allows improved identification of putatively causal variants. While essential for correcting false positive associations due to sample relatedness and population stratification, LMMs have commonly been restricted to quantitative variables. However, phenotypic traits in association studies are often categorical, coded as binary case-control or ordered variables describing disease stages. To address these issues, we have devised a method for genomic association studies that implements a generalized LMM (GLMM) in a Bayesian framework, called Bayes-GLMM. Bayes-GLMM has four major features: (1) support of categorical, binary, and quantitative variables; (2) cohesive integration of previous GWAS results for related traits; (3) correction for sample relatedness by mixed modeling; and (4) model estimation by both Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and maximal likelihood estimation. We applied Bayes-GLMM to the whole-genome sequencing cohort of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project. This study contains 570 individuals from 111 families, each with Alzheimer’s disease diagnosed at one of four confidence levels. Using Bayes-GLMM we identified four variants in three loci significantly associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Two variants, rs140233081 and rs149372995, lie between PRKAR1B and PDGFA. The coded proteins are localized to the glial-vascular unit, and PDGFA transcript levels are associated with Alzheimer’s disease-related neuropathology. In summary, this work provides implementation of a flexible, generalized mixed-model approach in a Bayesian framework for association studies.
DINAMIKA POPULASI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus,1758) DI PERAIRAN TELUK JAKARTA
Authors: Panggabean Anthony Sisco , Pane Andina Ramadhani Putri , Hasanah Ap’idatul 
Published: March 2018

Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan salah satu jenis krustasea laut yang bernilai ekonomis penting yang menjadi target utama tangkapan di perairan Teluk Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika populasi rajungan yang berguna sebagai dasar pengelolaannya. Penelitian dilakukan pada periode Januari sampai dengan November 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan panjang berat rajungan bersifat allometrik positif dan rata-rata ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) sebesar 106,81 mm (lebar karapas), laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 1,0 per tahun dan lebar karapas infinitif (CW) sebesar 157 mm. Laju kematian akibat penangkapan (F) sebesar 1,12 per tahun dan laju mortalitas alami (M) sebesar 1,14 per tahun. Laju eksploitasi (E) sudah berada pada tahapan penuh atau fully exploited, dengan demikian perlu adanya pengendalian upaya penangkapan.Blue swimming crabs (Portunus pelagicus) is one of the important marine crustaceans species forming the main target of fishing in the Jakarta Bay. This study aims to assess the population dynamics of crab for the basis e for their management. The study was conducted from January to November 2015. The result showed that carapace width and weigth relationship analysis was isometric and the estimated length at first maturity (Lm) was 106.81 mm (in carapace width), growth rate (K) was 1 mm per year, carapace width infinit (CW) was 157 mm, fishing mortality (F) was 1.12 per year and natural mortality rate (M) at about 1.14 per year. The exploitation rate (E) was predicted at fully exploited level, so that control of fishing effort are needed.
La incomodidad de ser maestro en Colombia
Authors: Gonzalez Israel 
Published: March 2018

Este artículo es una reflexión que se gesta en la matriz de la cotidianidad escolar. Se ocupa deidentificar algunas incomodidades que se vivencian en la escuela y en la sociedad, que afectanel quehacer cotidiano del maestro, dentro y fuera del centro educativo, documentadas a travésde algunos textos literarios, pedagógicos y fílmicos. También se ocupa de revelar los avatares del maestro en su relación con entidades públicas y particulares, verbigracia, el servicio de salud. Es un intento de develar las angustias y la complejidad de tareas que se le vienen asignando al maestro y a la escuela de hoy, alejadas del sentido pedagógico contemporáneo. Es una aproximación al símil de las urgencias lloradas y los silencios obligados de otrora, declarados en el siglo xxi. El artículo interpela la metáfora del cazador de dragones, el síndrome del domingo por la tarde y el síndrome de Adriano en cuanto a las tensas relaciones con la familia, con los colegas, con los educandos, con la sociedad, con el Estado y con los ambientes de aprendizaje. El contenido del texto no es idealizado, pareciera ser muy pesimista; pero, parafraseando al escritor español Antonio Gala, el artículo diría: “No soy pesimista. Soy un optimista bien informado”.
El Juego como método de aprendizaje
Authors: Mora Cristina , Plazas Fanny , Torres Alcira , Camargo Gladys 
Published: March 2018

l objetivo general de la presente innovación es reconocer el juego como un referente metodológico. A partir de este objetivo se desprenden otros como identificar las diversas concepciones que se tienen del juego y sus clases: juego de roles, juego libre y lúdica; así como el valor educativo que se la ha dado en diferentes contextos. Otro objetivo es innovar las prácticas pedagógicas a través del juego, en el Colegio Distrital Hunza, con el fin de generar aprendizajes verdaderamente significativos en los estudiantes. Para lograr estos propósitos, las docentes innovadoras realizaron diversos proyectos de aula, y con el fin de dar rigurosidad a la innovación las docentes se valieron de referentes como: Juego, Método, Aprendizaje, Lúdica, Innovación y otros propuestos por teóricos que han abordado el tema, estableciendo una relación directa entre dichos referentes y las prácticas innovadoras que tienen las docentes en su quehacer pedagógico.
Aula Poética
Authors: Pedroza Peña Viviana Alexandra , Henao Rodríguez Mileydi 
Published: March 2018

El presente trabajo de investigación parte de los conceptos experiencia estética y experiencia de lectura, suscitados a partir del encuentro poético en el aula. Las concepciones teóricas que se trabajaron giran en torno a la didáctica del poema, el fenómeno poético y a la estética de la recepción y su afectación en el lector. Exaltando así la emoción que acontece en los estudiantes al momento de acercarse al texto poético. El placer de leer y escuchar poesía conlleva a provocar experiencias donde la imaginación, la sensibilidady el conocimiento forman una amalgama propia de la condición humana
ESTUDIO DE LA MOTIVACIÓN EN EL APRENDIZAJE DEL COMPONENTE CELULAR EN ESTUDIANTES DE GRADO 6° DE LA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA JUNÍN DEL MUNICIPIO DE TIERRALTA CÓRDOBA
Authors: Nisperuza Flórez Elvira Patricia , Naranjo Zuluaga Claudia Patricia , Cantillo Velásquez Aura 
Published: March 2018

Esta investigación es un estudio cuasiexperimental basado en el paradigma positivista para la determinación de la relación entre una variable independiente y dos variables dependientes; Software Educiencias6 y enfoques de aprendizaje-motivación. El estudio se realizó con una población de 37 alumnos, los cuales se dividieron en dos grupos (Experimental y control), con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos propuestos en la investigación, los cuales consistieron en primera instancia, en establecer el tipo de motivación y caracterizar los enfoques de aprendizaje de la muestra por medio de un pre-test validado y referenciado en la prueba de enfoques de aprendizajes de Jhon Biggs. Posteriormente diseñar y aplicar un cuasiexperimento basado en el desarrollo de una clase con el software EduCiencias6 y la secuenciación didáctica mediada con TIC sobre un grupo experimental. Y por último, aplicar un post-test a los grupos del cuasiexperimento, con el objeto de determinar si hubo o no cambio en la motivación y en los enfoques de aprendizaje de los estudiantes pertenecientes al grupo experimental. Para ello fue necesario en el grupo experimental y control aplicar un pretest y un postest basado en la prueba de enfoques de aprendizaje de Jhon Biggs (1993). Al grupo experimental fue aplicado el Software Educiencias6 con el fin de determinar el efecto de éste sobre los enfoques de aprendizaje y el grado de motivación de los estudiantes. Para la determinación de la relación entre las variables se utilizó un método estadístico computacional o estudio de varianza denominado ANOVA. Los resultados permitieron establecer que el grupo control y grupo experimental manejaron un enfoque superficial, este último tras la aplicación del software arrojó resultados diferentes en el post-test donde se evidenció una tendencia hacia el enfoque profundo y de logro, mientras que en el grupo control los resultados se mantuvieron.
El juego en la licenciatura en educación física de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, desde la perspectiva de profesores
Authors: Pachón Moreno José Orlando 
Published: March 2018

Desde la vinculación del programa Educación Física a la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional en el año 1962 hasta la actualidad, se reconocen tres planes curriculares en la formación de los licenciados de esta área educativa dentro de los cuales el juego ha estado presente principalmente desde la perspectiva didáctica, esto es, como mediación en los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje. Su estudio ha llevado incluso a proponerlo como el sustento de una posible alternativa de educación física, suscitando el debate entre ser medio y ser fin en los procesos educativos. El interés de este artículo se centra en compendiar, desde la óptica de profesores de las diferentes propuestas curriculares, algunos de ellos como previos estudiantes, las diversas teorías y prácticas que se han desarrollado acerca del juego en los tres planes curriculares. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a diez (10) profesores de la Facultad de Educación Física de la Universidad en el marco del proyecto de Doctorado en Educación “El Juego como objeto de enseñanza en la Educación Física” en el primer semestre académico de 2016. Como resultado del estudio, además de la pretensión de establecer múltiples líneas de reflexión que permitan fortalecer y dar continuidad a la argumentación del juego en el ámbito de la educación física, se aboga por continuar con la construcción del conocimiento profesional de sus profesores.
The Development of Writing Poetry Teaching Materials Based on Audiovisual Media of Fifth Grade Elementary School in Bone Regency
Authors: Rukayah Rukayah , Tolla Achmad , Ramly Ramly 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research is to create the teaching material prototype which is valid, practical, and effective used in learning, especially in writing poetry of fifth grade elementary school in Bone regency. This study uses research and development method. The development model used is the Four-D models that include the definition (define), design, development (develop), and dissemination (disseminate). The design measures used in research and development (R&D) is pretest-posttest design. The data collection techniques used are observation, questionnaires, interviews, tests, and documentation. The finding data analyzed using descriptive and quantitative approach. The research results are: (1) the teaching material developed is writing poetry teaching materials based on audiovisual media with a video format that packaged in the form of compact disks (CD) which is divided into four videos, (2) writing poetry teaching material based on audiovisual media is stated valid. The average aspect of content or material is 3.30 with valid category. The mean of presentation aspect of teaching material is 3.60 with very feasible category. The average aspect of graph is 3.71 categorized as very feasible, and the mean aspect of language is 3.66 with very feasible category, (3) writing poetry teaching materials based on audiovisual media is practical to use in learning to write poetry by 5th grade students in Bone regency. This is shown with a mean observation results of learning implementation at 4.57 categorized as very practical and the mean observation of learning management with an average of 4.54 categorized as very practical, (4) writing poetry teaching materials based on audiovisual media effectively used in learning. It is demonstrated by the response of teachers, students and students' test result. The mean response of four teachers is 3.88 with very good category. Furthermore, out of 80 students, 73 or 91.25% of them responded well or very well. The test results show that after the students learn to use the developed teaching materials, there is an increasing mastery learning of 71.43%.
The Effect of Teacher’s Verbal Communication and Non-verbal Communication on Students’ English Achievement
Authors: Sutiyatno Sukris 
Published: March 2018

The research aimed to reveal the effects of verbal communication and non-verbal communication on students’ English achievement of Informatics department of STMIK Bina Patria Magelang, Central Java-Indonesia. The research employed a quantitative approach with survey research.The data was collected by using questionnaire and score of final English test.The data was analyzed by using regression. The results of the research, verbal communication gives a significant positive effect on the students’ English achievement. Non-verbal communication gives a significant positive effect on the students’ English achievement. Both verbal and nonverbal communication together give a significant effect on the students’ achievement. Based on the conclusion of research result which shows the significant role of verbal communication and nonverbal communication in teaching and learning process, teachers need to maintain and develop effective communication in order to successfully transmit learning materials to students. One alternative to developing it is with a combination of the use of verbal and nonverbal communication.
Quaternion-Based Robust Satellite Attitude Tracking Control
Authors: Dasdemir JANSET 
Published: March 2018

In this paper, a
nonlinear robust quaternion-based controller is developed to address the
three-axis attitude tracking control problem of rigid spacecraft in presence of
parametric uncertainties, unknown external disturbances and sensor noise. As a
first step, a robust controller is designed that compensates parametric
uncertainty and disturbance effects. The robust controller then reformulated to
deal also with sensor noise. Singularity free unit quaternions are used to
represent the attitude of the satellite in three-dimensional space. The
Lyapunov-based stability analysis is applied to prove that a uniformly
ultimately bounded tracking result is achieved. Simulation results are
presented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed control strategy.&nbsp;