bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous resolution of a solitary osteochondroma of humerus following trauma: A case report with a review of literature
Authors: Divesh Jalan , Lee Lam Ying , Joyce Wong , Raymond Yau Ching Hin 
Published: June 2019

Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor; however, the natural history of the lesion is still poorly understood. Symptomatic osteochondromas are treated with excision, but more often the indications are mainly cosmetic or fear of malignant transformation. There are few reports of spontaneous regression of solitary osteochondroma suggesting several theories causing their regression. We present one such case of a solitary osteochondroma of the humerus in an adolescent male, where a traumatic event resulted in the spontaneous resolution of the lesion. Level of evidence: V
Lateral Ankle Sprain and Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Sarcon Aida K. , Heyrani Nasser , Giza Eric , Kreulen Christopher 
Published: June 2019

A select 10-30% of patients with recurrent lateral ankle sprains develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Patients with chronic ankle instability describe a history of the ankle “giving way” with or without pathological laxity on examination. Evaluation includes history, identification of predisposing risk factors for recurrent sprains, and the combination of clinical tests (eg, laxity tests) with imaging to establish the diagnosis. There are a variety of nonoperative strategies to address chronic ankle instability, which include rehabilitation and taping or bracing to prevent future sprains. Patients who fail conservative treatment are candidates for surgery. The anatomic approaches (eg, modified Broström) are preferred to nonanatomic procedures since they recreate the ankle’s biomechanics and natural course of the attenuated ligaments. There is a growing interest in minimally invasive procedures via ankle arthroscopy that also address the associated intra-articular disorders. This article provides a review of chronic lateral ankle instability consisting of relevant anatomy, associated disorders, evaluation, treatment methods, and complications. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
The potential impact of a “curative intervention” for HIV: a modelling study
Authors: Beacroft Leo , Hallett Timothy B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Efforts to develop an HIV “cure” (i.e., an intervention leading to durable ART-free remission or eradication of HIV infection) have become better resourced and coordinated in recent years. Given, however, the availability of other interventions for prevention and treatment of HIV disease, it is unclear whether, to what extent, and under which circumstances a curative intervention would have an impact in ending the AIDS epidemic and which characteristics of its implementation would be most important. We designed a range of analyses to investigate these unknowns.

Methods
We used a deterministic, compartmental model of HIV infection in South Africa to estimate the impact of a curative intervention. We first examined how its impact would be affected by the state of the epidemic at the time that it is introduced, by the timing and pace of scale-up, and by various targeting strategies. We then investigated the impact of a curative intervention relative to its ability to maintain viral suppression.

Findings
To the extent that other interventions have failed to control the epidemic, i.e., if incidence and AIDS deaths remain high, a curative intervention would result in a larger reduction in incidence. Earlier and faster scale-up allows for greater impact. We also found that a curative intervention would more efficiently reduce transmission if it is prioritised to those not able to obtain or remain on ART and to those aged 15–25 rather than older persons. On the other hand, an intervention that does not maintain viral suppression if the individual is exposed to re-infection could lead to an increase in HIV incidence.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that a curative intervention for HIV would have the greatest impact if the epidemic is not under control by 2030, particularly if the intervention is targeted to those who are more likely to transmit virus, and if it maintained durable viral suppression, even upon exposure to re-infection. These considerations underscore the need to carefully consider the “target product profiles” for an HIV cure in the context of how and where it would be used, and suggest that such profiles may require revision as the epidemic evolves in the coming years.
Population assessment and species distribution modeling of Paris polyphylla in Sikkim Himalaya, India
Authors: LEPCHA DAWA LHENDUP , PRADHAN ADITYA , CHHETRI DHANI RAJ 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Lepcha DL, Pradhan A, Chhetri DJ. 2019. Population assessment and species distribution modeling of Paris polyphylla in Sikkim Himalaya, India. Biodiversitas 20: 1299-1305. Paris polyphylla Smith is an important therapeutic plant that grows in the Indian Himalayan region. In Sikkim, the survival of the species is threatened by illegal extraction of its rhizome. Therefore, immediate conservation initiative is required to conserve the existing species population in the wild. Population assessment through field survey followed by ENM revealed a positive correlation between predicted suitable habitats with the actual sites of its occurrence, except in disturbed habitats. Precipitation of driest month (Bio14) and slope were the most influential factors that contributed 41.9 % and 30 % respectively to the MaxEnt model. Field survey revealed that the density of the plants varied between 0.45 (pl/m2) and 3.89 (pl/m2) and the frequency varied from 36% to 76%. The IVI for P. polyphylla ranged between 2.68 to 8.66 based on locations. On the other hand, the IVI of associated species varied from 3.57 to 18.14 based on species. P. polyphylla is a vulnerable plant in Sikkim Himalaya and it is facing an imminent threat of extinction. Under this situation, it is imperative that works on predictive modeling will help conserve the species. This study identified the potential habitats for P. polyphylla in the higher elevations of Sikkim Himalaya where it could be reintroduced.
Study of the genus Curcuma in Indonesia used as traditional herbal medicines
Authors: SUBOSITI DYAH , WAHYONO SLAMET 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Subositi D, Wahyono S. 2019. Study of the genus Curcuma in Indonesia used as traditional herbal medicines. Biodiversitas 20: 1356-1361. Research into local knowledge is very important in providing a database of medicinal plants and as a basis for further research. The genus Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) has been used as medicines and other purposes, so it has a high economic value. The aim of this study was to record the use of the species of the genus Curcuma as traditional herbal medicines in Indonesia. The study was a part of a project called RISTOJA (Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Herbal Medicines), which collected data from 415 ethnic groups in Indonesia from 2012 to 2017. A purposive sampling method was used to select 2,354 respondents (traditional healers) for interviews, 1,042 of whom used Curcuma as herbal medicines. It was found that eight species of the genus were used to treat 73 different ailments. Curcuma longa was found to have the highest relative frequency of citation (0.274) and use value (0.563), and members of the genus Curcuma were found to be extensively used to treat a wide variety of ailments in Indonesia.
The Biodiversity management plan in the non-conservation area, Cisokan hydropower plan area, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: HUSODO TEGUH , SHANIDA SYA SYA , MEGANTARA ERRI NOVIAR 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Husodo T, Shanida SS, Megantara EN. 2019. Biodiversity management plan in the non-conservation area, Cisokan hydropower plan area, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1524-1536. Based on data from various environmental studies at the Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage (UCPS) Hydropower plan area, further studies need to be carried out that can provide clearer guidance on how to protect and restore the environment (including habitat) around the UCPS, protect, and manage the endangered biodiversity through adaptive approaches and ecosystem management. One of these studies was the UCPS Biodiversity Management Plan (BMP). The aim of this study was to identify the strategy for biodiversity management at the project site. Methods of this study were based on several years of qualitative and descriptive-analytical studies, which updated information from earlier studies. Information on the area’s biodiversity was obtained directly through field surveys and indirectly through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) with local community members and other stakeholders in the area. This article presents the strategy for biodiversity management at project site, including minimizing habitat gap and habitat loss; expanding and enriching habitats; making corridors; protecting the natural forests (protection of remnant forest); controlling access; managing fire, the impact of traffic on native fauna, land clearing and human-wildlife conflict; minimizing impacts to biodiversity, particularly threatened species; integrating management with adjoining land managers (PLN, perhutani, the community); strengthening capacities for integrating and institutionalizing biodiversity conservation and management; conducting campaign for biodiversity awareness, communication, and education; and developing value-added products and alternative sustainable livelihood for bio-resource-dependent communities.
Keywords: Biodiversity Management Plan, Hydropower Company
Short Communication: Bird community and it’s conservation implications in Gunung Tunak Nature Park, Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: HADIPRAYITNO GITO , AL IDRUS AGIL , MERTHA I GDE , ILHAMDI M LIWA , SUANA I WAYAN 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Hadiprayitno G, Al Idrus A, Mertha IG, Ilhamdi ML, Suana IW. 2019. Birds community and it's conservation implications in Gunung Tunak Nature Park, Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1753-1757. Bird community is an important indicator of ecosystem health. A study was conducted in Gunung Tunak Nature Park to analyze the composition of bird species and the abundance and diversity of bird species. Data were collected by survey method from May to August 2017 on three trails. The bird fauna of Gunung Tunak Nature Park consisted of 32 species belonging to 27 families and 10 orders. The order Passeriformes accounted for the dominant family and species, with an abundance of 61.6%. The species with the highest abundance is Zosterops chloris (13.9%), following by Orthotomus sepium (12.2%), and Streptopelia chinensis (10.4%). While the diversity index was 3.03, indicating that the bird community in Gunung Tunak Nature Park is still well preserved. Five species are of high conservation priority based on protected by Indonesian Law, Endemicity of Wallacea, and the IUCN Red list i.e., Megapodius reinwardt, Pitta elegans, Caloenas nicobarica, Lalage sueurii, and Dicrurus densus.
Principles of Acceptance and Mistakes in the Implementation of Criminal Procedural Decisions
Authors: ABZALBEKOVA Maral T. , ZHAMIYEVA Roza M. , ZHAKUPOV Bakytzhan A. 
Published: June 2019

The relevance of the study problem is caused by the need to ensure the legality, validity and substantiation of criminal procedural decisions, which ultimately leads to the achievement of goals and objectives of criminal proceedings.
Purpose of the article: the purpose of the article is to develop the principles of decision-making by the subject of criminal procedural activity, as well as identifying the typical mistakes in their implementation.
Study methods: The basis of problem solving in terms of criminal procedural decision-making and implementation is the system-based and activity approach and the methodological provisions of the decision-making theory, which allowed to identify patterns in the process of criminal procedural decision-making and implementation by the representative of criminal proceeding bodies and other participants of the proceeding.
Study results: The principle systems of decision-making by the subject of criminal procedural activity is provided; the levels and stages of procedural decision-making and implementation are outlined, typical mistakes made by the subject of criminal procedural decision are determined taking into account the level of decision-making and the violated principle.
Practical relevance: The identified patterns, principles, stages and levels of decision-making, as well as the typical mistakes formulated, will have a significant impact on improving the viability of decisions made in the criminal proceedings, and recommendations based on them contribute to ensuring the rule of law in the activities of judges, investigators, prosecutors and other participants in the proceedings.
Νοn-Classical Paradigms in Contract Law in the American, European and Russian Legal Doctrines
Authors: KIRPICHEV A. E. , SHAGIEVA R. V. , NIKOLYUKIN S. V. , BORISOVA N. E. , RALKO V. V. 
Published: June 2019

Thematic justification: In many regions of the world, scholars have renewed a discussion on the nature and properties of contracts as a legal phenomenon, leading to the emergence of so-called ‘non-classical theories of contract’: contract as a promise, relational contract, contract as a network etc.
This article’s aim is to compare non-classical approaches to contract and check the possibility of creating a modern holistic theory of contract. This article’s methodology is based on the functional method, the use of which provides a comparative perspective, meaning that each of the explored approaches to the theory of contract should be studied in the context of its causes and problems it solves.
The article systematizes problems solved by non-classical theories of contracts and concludes that the development of a new theory means the appearance of a new solution, not only for the problem for which it was designed but also for some others from the list. No theory solves all the problems of contract law. Numerous theories of the 20th and 21st centuries have shown the directions, in which it is necessary to carry out research and to seek approaches whose combinations and mutual critical evaluations will allow the formation of a met theory of contract law, the further development of which can lead to a dominant paradigm shift in response to the emergence of an integrative legal theory of contract viewed in a holistic manner as a multifaceted phenomenon.
The Problem of Providing Legal Groundwork for the Balance of Traditional and Alternative Energy Development in the Context of Kazakhstan’s Shift to Green Energy
Authors: NUREKESHOV Talap , MUKASHEVA Anar , BEKISHEVA Sabigul , KHASSENOV Muslim 
Published: June 2019

This paper focuses on the problem of providing legal groundwork for the balance of traditional and alternative energy development in the context of the Republic of Kazakhstan’s shift to green energy. As it turns out, there is no comprehensive strategy for providing legal groundwork for the use of energy, both traditional and renewable. Today there are two major standpoints among both scientists and experts on the ground: for and against the renewable sources. Thus, the main task of lawyers is to develop an approach that makes both sides agree on the issue.
The paper performs an analysis of Kazakhstan’s legislation on energy development, energy preservation and the use of renewable energy sources, identifying its shortcomings and gaps. The attained results provide a basis for recommendations to create a legal regulatory framework for the development of traditional and alternative energy in the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as to improve environmental legislation in terms of environmental protection during construction, location and use of traditional and alternative energy facilities.
Fraudulent Financial Reporting: An Application of Fraud Pentagon Theory to Association of Southeast Asian Nations Corporate Governance Scorecard
Authors: PAMUNGKAS Imang Dapit , UTOMO St. Dwiarso 
Published: June 2019

This study aims to detect and examine fraudulent financial reporting by applying fraud pentagon theory to all companies implementing the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Corporate Governance Scorecard in Indonesia. This study has the following objectives: to examine and analyze the effect of financial stability, external pressure, financial target, nature of industry, audit opinion, change of directors, managerial ownership against fraudulent financial reporting.
In this research, we use correlation research type. The population of this sample is all sectors of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using sampling technique in the form of Purposive Sampling Technique applying ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard in Indonesia with research period of 2012 to 2016, which produce 30 samples, multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 22.
The results of this study found that financial stability, managerial ownership has a negative and insignificant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. External pressure, nature of industry has a negative and significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting. Financial Target, Audit Opinion, Change of Directors has a positive and insignificant effect on Fraudulent Financial Reporting.
Ethylene Hydrogenation in Pellets with Different Pore Structures, Measured in a One-Sided Single-Pellet Reactor
Authors: Argönül Aykut , Keil Frerich J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The ethylene hydrogenation reaction was investigated in a kinetic turbo reactor and a one-sided single-pellet reactor. An empirical kinetic expression was fitted to experimental results taken from the turbo reactor, and the gas compositions at the catalyst centers were measured for three different pore structures by means of the single-pellet reactor. A bimodal pore model was developed and applied to the computation of the gas composition profiles inside the three pore structures. The calculated results were compared to the measurements. A distinct influence of the pore structures on the gas fluxes and concentration profiles inside the pores could be detected which demonstrates that the proper choice of the pellet pore structure is of importance for a high conversion.
Geometric and statistical interpretation of correlation between fault tests in integrated GPS/INS systems
Authors: Almagbile Ali 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Fault detection and identification (FDI) in either a stand-alone GPS or in integrated GPS/INS systems is essential for improving the quality of positioning, navigation, and many other applications. The assumption that the observations include a single fault has been considered intensively in literature. However, this assumption may not necessarily be valid due to the fact that multiple faults may exist simultaneously. In this study, separability of multiple faults in GPS/INS integration systems has been analysed geometrically and statistically. This has been achieved through testing how large correlation coefficient between any pair of fault tests statistics increases the probability of faults misidentification. In addition, a new calculation procedure of correlation coefficient when four faults appear in the observations has been developed. This procedure considers calculation the correlation between a single and a punch of measurements combined together. The results show that there is a strong relationship between the value of correlation coefficient and the probability of misidentification. Furthermore, a significant relationship between the correlation and the fault test values can be found when splitting the measurements combinations into groups based on the combination similarity. Nevertheless, this relationship can be defined without splitting the measurements into groups when using a new correlation procedure for four faults case. The geometric representation shows that large correlation coefficient reflects small angle between the correlation and the x-axis; whereas the angle between the fault-test vectors and the x-axis becomes wider when a tiny correlation exist.
Patent Law and Innovation in Europe during the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Donges Alexander , Selgert Felix 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Human capital, access to markets, and innovation-friendly institutions were important preconditions for the acceleration of technological change during the industrial revolution. In this context, the recent literature discusses the role of patents. Given their dual nature, patents may have either stimulated innovation through the creation of financial incentives for inventors or they may have hampered innovation, because they created monopolies that restricted the free flow of knowledge. For this reason, the overall effects of patents on innovation and, eventually, long-run economic growth are not clear. In order to develop a better understanding of the determinants of innovation, this special issue of the Economic History Yearbook therefore focuses on the causes and consequences of patent laws and patent law reforms in the nineteenth and early twentieth century in different European countries.
Ideologiepolizei und Auftragsverwaltung
Authors: Schiefer Mark 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Stasi, the secret police in the GDR, was an integral part of the planned economy. Over time, Stasi officers took on tasks related to economic planning and adopted the mentality and behaviour typical of the field. This paper takes a closer look at their aims and the ensuing consequences as illustrated by the GDR chemical industry. It focuses on a contradictory phenomenon: the co-existence of growth and inefficiency. Although the secret police enjoyed growing responsibilities, resources and partners, they were surprisingly inept at achieving their own economic and security targets. This phenomenon can be explained in two ways: Historically, by identifying the Stasi as the profiteer of economic crisis, or in terms of organization theory, by revealing some typical bureaucratic characteristics of the secret service (MfS).
The Thermocouple Revisited: The Thomson Effect
Authors: Jacovelli Paul B. , Norris Ronald C. , Canada Chester E. , Zinke Otto H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Measurements of Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) coefficients are made in an evacuated region on a silver sample with a novel transducer in temperature intervals

T

A

±
20

K

{T_{A}}\pm 20\hspace{0.1667em}\text{K}

, where the

T

A

{T_{A}}

are very carefully controlled ambient temperatures. This is the first systematic examination of Thomson coefficients in these temperature intervals. The Thomson coefficients when plotted against T, the temperature of measurement, are found to be discontinuous precisely at

T

A

{T_{A}}

. When the Thomson coefficients are multiplied by a transformation involving T and

T

A

{T_{A}}

, a linear curve in T results. Examinations here of measurements of Thomson coefficients produced by others show multiple values at T in some cases and odd behavior in other cases. Multiplying the results of others by the transformation discovered here almost always produces linear curves. The conclusions are the following. (1) Thomson’s explicit assumption that the Thomson effect involves no energy exchange with surroundings was wrong. (2) Any non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach to deriving the Thomson effect must take into account the energy exchange with the surroundings and consequently must be made in three dimensions. (3) From the work here and that of others, the energy exchange with the environment is probably mostly thermal radiation.