bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Return to Work Following Laminoplasty for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Hou Brian Q. , Croft Andrew , Chanbour Hani , Zakieh Omar , Hymel Alicia M. , Pennings Jacquelyn S. , Young Mason W. , Bowers Mitchell F. , Gardocki Raymond J. , Lugo-Pico Julian G. , Abtahi Amir M. , Zuckerman Scott L. , Stephens Byron F. 
Published: November 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To identify factors predictive of returning to work within 90 days of laminoplasty for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Background:
DCM is a debilitating condition resulting from spinal canal stenosis and spinal cord compression. One surgical option for cord decompression is cervical laminoplasty. Factors influencing return to work (RTW) postsurgery are unknown.

Methods:
This study included adult patients previously employed, undergoing primary elective laminoplasty for DCM, and with documented RTW status. Variables included demographic information, medical history, illness characteristics, and baseline patient-reported outcomes. The primary outcome of interest was RTW status at 90 days. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify predictors.

Results:
Forty-six patients (67.6%) returned to work within 90 days, whereas 22 (32.3%) either RTW between 90 and 365 days (n = 3) or did not RTW within 365 days (n = 19). Significantly more patients who RTW within 90 days worked full-time (90.9% vs 64.3%, P = 0.030). Patients who RTW within 90 days had significantly lower preoperative Neck Disability Index scores (23.7 ± 17.5 vs 35.6 ± 14.3, P = 0.008) and higher preoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scores (13.7 ± 2.5 vs 12.2 ± 2.7, P = 0.018) compared with those who did not RTW. No differences were found in other baseline patient-reported outcomes. Patients who RTW within 90 days had significantly lower postoperative 3-month neck pain (2.0 ± 2.1 vs 3.8 ± 2.6, P = 0.007), 3-month arm pain (1.3 ± 1.9 vs 3.6 ± 2.8, P < 0.001), 12-month neck pain (1.4 ± 1.6 vs 3.1 ± 2.4, P = 0.019) and 12-month arm pain (1.1 ± 1.8 vs 2.4 ± 2.4, P = 0.048) compared with those who did not RTW within 90 days. Higher preoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scores were significantly associated with truncated time to RTW (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.29, P = 0.034).

Conclusion:
Patients with better preoperative neck and arm pain and functional scores were more likely to RTW within 90 days postlaminoplasty. Preoperative functional status plays an important role in assessing RTW postlaminoplasty. This information is valuable for preoperative patient counseling.
Platelet-to-albumin ratio is an independent predictor for ventricular aneurysm formation in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Ding Haifeng , Chai Rui , Yin Yin , Li Wenwen , Jiang Shijiu 
Published: November 2024

Background
Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction. We aimed to investigate the association of the platelet-to-albumin ratio (PAR) with LVA formation in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods
A total of 767 consecutive patients with STEMI were prospectively enrolled. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to assess the association between PAR and LVA formation. The predictive ability of PAR and combined variable for LVA formation were assessed using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results
The prevalence of LVA was 14.1%. Univariable logistic regression analysis revealed that PAR was associated with the risk of LVA at both 1 month [odds ratio (OR) = 4.42, P < 0.001] and 6 months (OR = 4.35, P < 0.001) of follow-up. The predictive value of PAR remained significant even after multivariate logistic regression analysis at 1 month (OR = 3.42, P = 0.004) and 6 months (OR = 4.28, P < 0.001). RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear association between a higher PAR and an increased risk of LVA (nonlinear P < 0.05). In addition, the predictive abilities of PAR for LVA were 0.659. The combination of PAR, hemoglobin, left ventricular ejection fraction, and the use of angiotensin-converting enzym inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker significantly enhanced the ability to predict LVA formation (C statistic= 0.887).

Conclusion
A higher PAR was significantly associated with an increased risk of LVA formation in patients with acute STEMI who underwent primary PCI.
Clinical Impact of High-dose Esomeprazole-amoxicillin Dual Therapy as Rescue Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang He-Jie , Li Keng , Wang Yin , Lin Yuan-Yuan , Weng Cheng-Zhao , Chen Jie , Xie Shao-Hua , Jiang Wei , Zhu Yu-Cheng 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) using esomeprazole and amoxicillin to furazolidone-based quadruple therapy (FBQT) in treating nonresponsive patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 209 patients with H. pylori infection, who had previously received ineffective treatment and visited an outpatient clinic, were randomly assigned to either the HDDT or FBQT groups. All patients underwent a 14-day treatment regimen, and the success rates of H. pylori eradication and safety of the treatment regimens were assessed 4 weeks posttreatment.

Results:
Following the 14-day treatment period, the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis revealed eradication rates of 93.6% for HDDT and 86.9% for FBQT. In the per-protocol (PP) analysis, eradication rates were 94.5% for HDDT and 88.7% for FBQT. No significant difference in eradication rates was observed between the two groups. HDDT exhibited significantly lower rates of adverse reactions (9.1% in ITT and 9.2% in PP) compared with FBQT (58.6% in ITT and 59.8% in PP). Multivariate analysis identified interval time, alkaline phosphatase, and serum creatinine level as factors influencing the eradication rate. The area under the receiver operating curve of the interval time between the FBQT group and the HDDT group and the success of H. pylori eradication were 0.622 and 0.578, respectively. The optimal salvage treatment intervals were determined as 6 months for FBQT and 1 year for HDDT.

Conclusion:
HDDT using high-dose esomeprazole and amoxicillin demonstrated efficacy in treating H. pylori infection, with the added benefits of reduced side effects and improved medication compliance compared with FBQT. HDDT can be considered a rescue treatment option when other methods fail, with treatment intervals optimized accordingly.
Efficacy and safety of Qishen Yiqi dropping pills combined with modern medicine for coronary heart disease with ischemic heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Man Qiushan , Chen Shijian , Li Xingyu 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Qishen Yiqi dropping pills combined with modern medicine have been widely used as a treatment for coronary heart disease with ischemic heart failure. Currently, there have been no robust studies addressing the efficacy and safety of Qishen Yiqi dropping pills combined with modern medicine for coronary heart disease with ischemic heart failure. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis are conducted to fill in the gaps mentioned above.

Methods:
This systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant studies published from inception to April 17, 2023, in the 5 electronic databases: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, and the Wanfang database were comprehensively searched. Weighted mean difference was used as the effect size for the continuous variables. Pooled odd ratios are presented if the results are binary variables. Additionally, we performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses to examine the source of heterogeneity. The funnel plot and the Egger test were used to estimate publication bias.

Results:
This meta-analysis included 46 studies involving 5843 participants. There is a significant difference in clinical efficacy, the 6-minute walk test (weighted mean difference = 50.10; 95% CI 28.19 to 72.02; I2
= 98.9%, P = .000), the indexes of ultrasonic cardiogram, blood biochemical indexes, and adverse effects (odds ratios = 0.46; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.75; I2
= 35.9%, P = .142). The sensitivity analysis and publication bias have demonstrated the robustness of the results (P = .702).

Conclusion:
Qishen Yiqi dropping pills combined with modern medicine could significantly improve clinical efficacy without incasement adverse effects. Further studies are required to identify the more comprise efficacy and safety results.
Practicing health equity in kidney care by establishing improved access to timely disease management and kidney replacement therapy options: from providers to patients
Authors: Yerram Preethi , Edwards Dawn , Norris Keith C. , Molony Donald , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Landry Daniel L. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to review the current understanding of disparities in healthcare experienced by people living with kidney disease and emerging approaches to address root causes. Health equity for any disease state is an aspirational goal commonly sought out by the medical community, but all too often lacking the understanding and support required to improve the outcomes of people with complex conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Recent findings
The main themes of the literature covered in this article include a review of the structural drivers of healthcare outcomes, a description of research in the fields of health literacy and patient activation for patients with CKD, and an analysis of the examples of healthcare disparities in CKD patients that include involuntary discharges from dialysis facilities as well as the toll taken from dialysis populations during natural disasters. The National Forum of the ESRD Networks is a coalition of 18 congressionally mandated ESRD network organizations committed to equitable access to home and in-center dialysis modalities and preemptive kidney transplantation. We conclude with the patient-centered story of a patient living with end-stage kidney disease for over 40 years and how her journey has helped shape her view on what she believes should encompass a ‘call to action’ to provide more equitable healthcare to people living with kidney disease.

Summary
The overarching implications of this article focus on improving the understanding of present-day healthcare inequality within the community of people living with kidney disease and providing a roadmap of resources and ideas that will help achieve more equitable outcomes. The National Forum of the ESRD Networks is committed to the effective implementation of ‘Practicing Health Equity in Kidney Care’ and improving access to dialysis modalities including home dialysis as well as kidney transplantation including preemptive transplant options.
K wire migration into spinal canal: an infrequent cause of neurological morbidity – a case report
Authors: Bhattarai Ashbin , Gurung Bijaya , Sherchan Binod , Rijal Badri , Karki Prasanna D. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
K wire is one of the most common implants used for fixation of acromioclavicular joint dislocation. The migration of K wire from the AC joint to the spinal canal is a rare occurrence. In this report, the authors present a case of a young adult who presented with weakness of the left upper limb secondary to migration of the K wire from the AC joint to the spinal canal.

Case presentation:
A 46-year-old male farmer presented with complaints of pain in the neck, tingling sensation in the left upper limb, and a tender palpable swelling on the left side of his neck with weakness of finger flexors and abductors. He had had an open reduction and fixation with K wire for Acromioclavicular dislocation three months back. CT confirmed the K wire is passing through the neural foramen between C5 and C6 vertebra and extending across the entire diameter of the spinal canal. Under intravenous anesthesia, a transverse skin incision was made over the prominent swelling on the neck, and the wire was gently removed. Minimal seepage of spinal fluid was observed, which stopped on its own after a few days.

Discussion:
Although AC joint stabilization by K wire fixation provides a safe and easy fixation with low morbidity, complications such as a loss of fixation or loosening can occur. Migration of K wire into a spinal canal is a well-known but infrequent complication. Resorption of bone, muscle action, and negative intrathoracic pressures associated with respiration and heat necrosis causes progressive loosening and dislodgement. Spinal migration is very dangerous because it can cause serious damage to the dura mater, spinal cord, and vertebral artery.

Conclusion:
Early identification and removal of the K wire, once it has migrated from the site of use, is mandatory to prevent its grievous complications.
Pregnancy and trauma: What you need to know
Authors: Burruss Sigrid , Jebbia Mallory , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Nearly 4% of pregnant patients have an injury-related visit to the emergency department during their pregnancy. There are important physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy that make managing pregnant trauma patients different from the standard management of a nonpregnant patient. This review discusses these changes and the initial assessment, laboratory, and imaging workups for the pregnant trauma patient. In addition, management of specific injuries in pregnancy including pelvic fractures, hemorrhagic shock, and postpartum hemorrhage are reviewed as well as key points regarding resuscitative hysterotomy and fetal support that trauma surgeons should be aware of.
Influence of impurities on the use of Fe-based powder as sustainable fuel
Authors: Choisez Laurine , Van Ende Marie-Aline , Bruyr Zakarie , Contino Francesco , Jacques Pascal J. 
Published: November 2024

Sustainable energy production, inherently transient and non-uniformly distributed around the world, requires the rapid development of sustainable energy storage technologies. Recently, pure iron powder was proposed as a high-energy density carrier. While promising, challenges are faced, such as nanoparticle emissions, micro-explosions or cavitation. In this work, a screening of the impact of the most common impurities in iron sources on these mechanisms was conducted through purely thermodynamic simulations. Two idealized models were considered to obtain a range of plausible flame temperatures and emitted gases when considering a purely diffusive regime in standard conditions and stoichiometric air–fuel mixture. The flame temperature and iron evaporation are increasing with the specific energy. A strong evaporation of C, S, Mo, Cu and P is also expected. Most impurities are predicted to decrease cavitation, except for Mn and MnO. The regeneration process by hydrogen-based direct reduction in fluidized bed reactors is also discussed. MgO and CaO are the most promising additions in terms of reducing nanoparticles and porosities, as well as to improve the fluidization and reduction kinetics of the combusted products. The potential of Fe powder as sustainable fuel, already very promising, could be further improved by the addition of selectively chosen impurities.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Sustainable metals: science and systems'.
Mining of primary raw materials as the critical foundation of ‘sustainable’ metals: a wicked problem for technology innovation clusters
Authors: Moore K. R. , Marquis E. , Shanks K. , Wall F. 
Published: November 2024

A transition to a more sustainable human–nature system is inextricably linked to raw materials production, if economic growth is to be maintained or increased by the emergence of new, energy- and metal-hungry technology innovation clusters. The dependence on mined raw materials is a wicked problem for societies vulnerable to negative ecological impacts and for global power bases wanting to secure access to an increasing array of feedstocks. We interrogate the issue of what constitutes a sustainable metal from a triple perspective: (i) the characteristics of ore deposits and the primary extractive operations that supply critical raw materials; (ii) the impediments for complex and interacting supply chains to maintain critical (and other) metals in use; and (iii) the lack of transparency in supply chains that makes it challenging for customers to avoid resources that have been produced by unsustainable and poor practices. We examine existing and emerging structures for resource management to explain the limits to the circular economy and what constitutes a meaningful systemic structure for primary production by responsible mining. We call for the inclusion of a standardized statement of the ‘natural capital’ embodied in R&D for technological materials as a means to create transparency about what constitutes a sustainable metal.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Sustainable metals: science and systems’.
Active learning strategies for the design of sustainable alloys
Authors: Rao Ziyuan , Bajpai Anurag , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: November 2024

Active learning comprises machine learning-based approaches that integrate surrogate model inference, exploitation and exploration strategies with active experimental feedback into a closed-loop framework. This approach aims at describing and predicting specific material properties, without requiring lengthy, expensive or repetitive experiments. Recently, active learning has shown potential as an approach for the design of sustainable materials, such as scrap-compatible alloys, and for enhancing the longevity of metallic materials. However, in-depth investigations into suited best-practice strategies of active learning for sustainable materials science are still scarce. This study aims to present and discuss active learning strategies for developing and improving sustainable alloys, addressing single-objective and multi-objective learning and modelling scenarios. As model cases, we discuss active learning strategies for optimizing Invar and magnetic alloys, representing single-objective scenarios, and more general steel design approaches, exemplifying multi-objective optimization. We discuss the significance of finding the right balance between exploitation and exploration strategies in active learning and suggest strategies to reduce the number of iterations across diverse scenarios. This kind of research aims to find metrics for a more effective application of active learning and is used here to advance the field of sustainable alloy design.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Sustainable metals: science and systems’.
Genomic epidemiology of emerging terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae
Authors: Rhodes Johanna , Hui Sui Ting , Dellière Sarah , Summerbell Richard C. , Scott James A. , Kaur Amtoj , Barton Richard C. , Leitao Rodrigo , Hemmings Samuel , Goiriz Rebeca , Lambourne Jonathan , Farrer Rhys A. , Schelenz Silke , Hay Roderick J. , Borman Andrew M. , Chowdhary Anuradha , Abdolrasouli Alireza , Fisher Matthew C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDermatophyte skin infections affect around a quarter of the world’s population and are a growing public health concern due to increasing incidence of novel species causing severe infections that are resistant to antifungal treatments. Trichophyton species cause the greatest burden of dermatophytosis worldwide, with the T. mentagrophytes species complex being particularly associated with the emergence of new aggressive infections. One emerging species, T. indotineae (originally T. mentagrophytes genotype VIII) is notable for the extensive nature of the often inflammatory infection, its clinical resistance to terbinafine antifungal treatment, and its rapid global spread. To better understand the epidemiology of this disease, we sourced isolates from severe cases of dermatophytosis in the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Canada and India for the period 2018-2023, including the type strain from Japan. We used whole-genome sequencing to confirm 90 isolates were T. indotineae, and antifungal susceptibility testing indicated that over half of these (62%) were resistant to terbinafine (MIC ≥1 mg/L). Pairwise genetic distances showed very high identity with only 147 (1-414) SNPs separating isolates that were nested within a monophyletic phylogeny, supporting a single evolutionary origin of T. indotineae. That no clear geographic clustering of isolates was observed confirms the rapid transcontinental spread of T. indotineae from its likely centre of diversity in Asia. Genome-wide analyses identified multiple non-synonymous SNPs in SQLE (ERG1), the squalene epoxidase target of terbinafine, that were associated with terbinafine in vitro resistance ≥1 mg/L. However, five isolates exhibited high MIC values without SQLE mutations, suggesting the presence of alternative resistance mechanisms. Our findings highlight the importance of better genomic surveillance to understand and manage this severe and rapidly emerging terbinafine-resistant dermatophyte.
MARVEL: Microenvironment Annotation by Supervised Graph Contrastive Learning
Authors: Cui Yan , Wen Hongzhi , Yang Robert , Luo Xi , Liu Hui , Xie Yuyin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent advancements inin situmolecular profiling technologies, including spatial proteomics and transcriptomics, have enabled detailed characterization of the microenvironment at cellular and subcellular levels. While these techniques provide rich information about individual cells’ spatial coordinates and expression profiles, extracting biologically meaningful spatial structures from the data remains a significant challenge. Current methodologies often rely on unsupervised clustering followed by cell type annotation based on differentially expressed genes within each cluster and most of the time will require other information as the reference (e.g., HE-stained images). This is labor-intensive and demands extensive domain knowledge. To address these challenges, we propose a supervised graph contrastive learning framework, MARVEL. MARVEL is a supervised graph contrastive learning method that can effectively embed local microenvironments represented by cell neighbor graphs into a continuous representation space, facilitating various downstream microenvironment annotation scenarios. By leveraging partially annotated examples as strong positives, our approach mitigates the common issues of false positives encountered in conventional graph contrastive learning. Using real-world annotated data, we demonstrate that MARVEL outperforms existing methods in three key microenvironment-related tasks: transductive microenvironment annotation, inductive microenvironment querying, and the identification of novel microenvironments across different slices.