bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representações estéticas de lideranças políticas no cinema – Lincoln (2012) e Getúlio (2014)
Authors: Araujo Bruno Novaes , Penteado Claudio Luis de Camargo 
Published: August 2019

Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar os filmes Lincoln, 2012, e Getúlio, 2014, verificando através da linguagem cinematográfica as representações estéticas dessas lideranças políticas emblemáticas. O cinema documental e de entretenimento carregaram historicamente formas simbólicas voltadas para construção de um discurso favorável a determinadas ideologias e/ou lideranças políticas. Logo, esse trabalho analisará os filmes selecionados que veiculam as imagens desses dois ícones da política, Getúlio Vargas e Abraham Lincoln, cada qual em seu tempo e local de atuação, buscando identificar nas formas simbólicas neles presentes como são representados e quais enquadramentos são mobilizados pelos diretores a fim de gerarem nos espectadores subjetividades a respeito dessas personas políticas. Para realizar esse trabalho, será efetuada inicialmente uma análise bibliográfica de teóricos pertinentes ao tema, assim como uma análise fílmica dos filmes de entretenimento previamente escolhidos, usando como referencial metodológico para ambas a Análise Fílmica proposta por Manuela Penafria (2009) e a Hermenêutica de Profundidade, utilizada por John Thompson (2002) em Ideologia e Cultura Moderna. Como resultados, observamos a representação estética de Lincoln como um líder político heroico e obstinado em promover justiça e inclusão social. Getúlio, por sua vez, é enquadrado como um político em decadência e desgastado. Apesar dessas diferenças, os sacrifícios pessoais e os momentos de prestígio popular estão presentes em ambas as representações.
Varroosis en abejas melíferas en diferentes condiciones ambientales y regionales de Jalisco, México
Authors: Tapia-Gonzalez Jose Maria , Alcazar-Oceguera Gustavo , Macías-Macías José Octavio , Contreras-Escareño Francisca , Tapia-Rivera Jose Carlos , Petukhova Tatiana , Guzman-Novoa Ernesto 
Published: August 2019

El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de Varroa destructor, el grado de infestación del ácaro y la relación del parásito con variables geográficas y climáticas en 369 colonias de abejas Apis mellifera de nueve municipios de zonas templadas y cálidas del estado de Jalisco, México. Se encontró una prevalencia promedio de 88% y nivel de infestación de 5.2% del parásito, con diferencias significativas entre municipios para estos parámetros (p < 0.05), pero sin diferencias entre zonas climáticas. La prevalencia de V. destructor fue alta en algunos municipios, con el promedio de muestras positivas del 100% y porcentajes de infestación de más del 8%. El nivel promedio de infestación del 5.2% fue similar al que recomienda la SAGARPA como tolerable en México (5%), sin embargo, más de la tercera parte de la colonias rebasaban estos niveles y algunas tenían más de 35% de infestación. Los factores climáticos analizados y la altura sobre el nivel del mar no tu- vieron una relación significativa con la prevalencia y niveles de parasitismo de V. destructor. Esto se puede deber a la alta variabilidad de los datos, lo que sugiere que otros factores influencian en mayor medida la prevalencia y grado de infestación de las colonias de abejas dentro de cada región geográfica. Debido a la alta prevalencia de V. destructor se debe considerar realizar estudios posteriores para determinar cuáles son las causas de estos hallazgos, a fin de que se tomen medidas para su control.
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Hidrogel Mukoadhesif Metronidazol Menggunakan Kombinasi Kitosan dan Natrium Karboksimetilselulosa Menggunakan Desain Faktorial
Authors: Fahrurroji Andhi , Setyawan Agus , Wijianto Bambang 
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Metronidazol merupakan suatu antibiotik yang biasa digunakan dalam mengobati infeksi Helicobacter pylori. Metronidazol mempunyai kelarutan yang tinggi dalam asam. Untuk mengoptimalkan kelarutan tersebut maka dibuatlah hidrogel mukoadhesif yang dapat mempertahankan waktu tinggal di lambung lebih lama sehingga terapi infeksi H.pylori lebih optimal. Tujuan: untuk mendapatkan formula optimum dari hidrogel dengan kombinasi polimer kitosan dan natrium karboksimetilselulosa yang dapat mengontrol pelepasan metronidazol secara in vitro. Metode: Metode yang digunakan untuk memprediksi formula optimum menggunakan desain faktorial. Rancangan formula awal untuk memprediksi formula optimum terdiri dari 4 formula dengan perbandingan polimer kitosan dan natrium karboksimetilselulosa berturut-turut 0,5:1,5; 1,0:1,5; 0,5:3,0; dan 1,0:3,0. Hasil: Variasi konsentrasi dari Na-CMC dan kitosan dapat mempengaruhi pelepasan obat, yakni pada formula I dengan kinetika pelepsan obat mengikuti kinetika higuchi dan mekanisme pelepasan mengikuti mekanisme difusi fickian. Sedangkan, pada formula 4 memiliki sediaan fisik yaitu kekuatan mukoadhesif yang paling tinggi dibandingkan formula yang lain karena adanya peningkatan konsentrasi kitosan dan natrium karboksimetilselulosa (Na-CMC). Sehingga kombinasi antara kitosan dan Na-CMC dapat menjadi model pelepasan metronidazol dari matriks hidrogel yakni pada rentang 55,633% - 68,319% dalam waktu 240 menit. Hasil observasi menunjukkan formula optimum dengan perbandingan polimer kitosan dan natrium karboksimetilselulosa sebesar 1,0% (kitosan) dan 3,0% (natrium karboksimetilselulosa), dengan respon untuk kemampuan mengembang sebesar 96,95%; kekuatan mukoadhesif sebesar 0,1911 N/cm2; pelepasan obat sebesar 67,457%. Berdasarkan uji independent sampel t-test pada program SPSS 22 trial menjelaskan bahwa formula hasil observasi tidak berbeda siginifikan dengan hasil prediksi (p-value > 0,05). Kesimpulan: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metode desain faktorial dapat digunakan untuk menentukan formula optimum dari hidrogel mukoadhesif metronidazol.
“Is There a Doctor on Board?” The Plight of the In-Flight Orthopaedic Surgeon
Authors: Scollan Joseph P. , Lee Song-Yi , Shah Neil V. , Diebo Bassel G. , Paulino Carl B. , Naziri Qais 
Published: August 2019

» The most common in-flight medical emergencies are syncope, gastrointestinal distress, and cardiac conditions that include arrhythmias and cardiac arrests. Treatment algorithms for these emergencies are important to review and are included in this article.» If confronted with a challenging in-flight medical emergency in which an orthopaedic surgeon believes that he or she is unable to offer sufficient help, consulting with ground-based physicians hired by the airlines is always an appropriate and readily available option.» While providing care to the patient, the doctor is absolved from liability unless the care offered is grossly negligent and/or deliberately harmful.» If the aircraft is registered in or is departing from countries within the European Union block or Australia, or if the patient is a citizen of one of those international bodies, the doctor is legally required to assist.
Influence of Salt Tectonics On Fault Displacements and Submarine Slope Failures from Algeria To Sardinia
Authors: Yeakley Julia A. , Shakoor Abdul , Johnson William 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We used previously obtained marine geophysical and geotechnical data for the proposed Galsi pipeline route from Algeria to Sardinia to analyze the buried salt distribution, rates of fault displacements, and frequency and lateral extent of submarine slope failures. Crossing the convergent African/Nubian–European plate boundary, the southern section of the pipeline route traverses continental shelves and slopes of Algeria and Sardinia as well as the Algerian abyssal plain of the western Mediterranean. Deeply buried Messinian-aged salt is present throughout this area. Being less dense and more buoyant than the overburden sediment, the salt tends to flow upward to form diapiric structures that, in turn, result in the formation of faults and landslides in the overlying sediment. Measured offsets from seismic profiles of different resolutions were compared with predicted sediment age at depth of each offset, yielding an average rate of fault displacement of 1.5 cm/kiloyear (ky). The highest rates of displacement are along the Cagliari slope near Sardinia (2.5-2.7 cm/ky) and near the convergent plate boundary (2.3 cm/ky). Utilizing the same geophysical data, the frequency and lateral extent of submarine slope failures in the study area can also be linked to the distribution of salt and the influence of salt tectonics. Turbidity currents and hyperpycnal flows are present within the Algerian basin, whereas local debris flows, landslide runouts, and channelized debris flows are present along the Sardinian slope. The low sedimentation rates, determined in this study, suggest that the most recent slope failures related to salt tectonics occurred more than 12,000 years ago.
Immune Cell Infiltration in Bladder Cancer
Authors: liu shanhui , Li Lanlan , Wu Shan , He Wei , Lu Jianzhong , Tao Yan , Zhang Jing , Fu Shengjun , Wang Zhiping 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases with high recurrence rates worldwide. Although immunotherapy has been applied in bladder cancer for a long period of time, the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in bladder cancer has not been systematical investigated.
Methods CIBERSORT, a versatile computational method for quantifying cell fractions from bulk tissue gene expression profiles (GEPs), was applied to calculate the TIICs fraction proportion in normal bladder tissues and in bladder cancer tissues with the TCGA data.
Results compared to normal bladder tissue, B cells naïve, T cells CD4 memory resting and Mast cells resting fractions proportion decreased, and NK resting, macrophages M0 and macrophages M1 increased. In BLCAs tissue, pro-tumorigenic related immune cells were negatively correlated with anti-tumor immune cells. New tumor with locoregional had high fraction proportion of macrophages M0 and macrophages M1. Dendritic cells activated, Monocytes, macrophages M1, Tregs and T cells follicular helper significantly increased in low grade BLCAs. Tregs had a high proportion in BLCAs patients accepted low radiation dose.
Conclusions This study indicates that macrophages M2 and Tregs could be the promising immunotherapy targets combined radiotherapy in BLCAs. The result provides valuable information to understand the immunity status in BLCAs.
No Observed Risk of Pregnancy and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of Zika Virus Following Blood Transfusion
Authors: DeGiorgi Valeria , Tan Jennifer , Fowler Sarah , Maciejewski Sonia , Gordon David , Alter Harvey J. , Allison Robert D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily mosquito-borne, but can also be transfusion- and sexually transmitted. Maternal-fetal transmission may result in fetal loss or severe congenital defects. METHODS: We surveyed blood recipients enrolled in a donor-recipient-linked study of transfusion-transmitted infections to assess potential risk of ZIKV maternal-fetal transmission following transfusion. Participants were tested for antibodies to ZIKV, dengue and chikungunya viruses. Positive serology from post- and pre-transfusion samples and from linked donors were tested using real-time PCR. RESULTS: The mean age of female recipients was 65 years (36-80). Only one was < 50 years. None reported having sexual intercourse within the first month and none became pregnant within six months following transfusion. Male recipients were a mean 62 years of age (31-81). Twenty percent of males had sexual intercourse with a female partner within three months of transfusion; no pregnancies resulted. Females and males most commonly reported that they were no longer sexually active or felt too ill after transfusion. All of the respondents were IgM and RT-PCR negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our survey of blood recipients, combined with derived data and the literature, suggest that most transfused women are beyond the age of likely pregnancy and most transfused women and men are too infirm from the underlying condition to engage in sex. However, 20% of male recipients did report having sexual intercourse during the ZIKV infectious period.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Gonococcal Isolates Obtained from Men Presenting with Urethral Discharge: Implication for National Syndromic Treatment guideline
Authors: Dinku Surafel Fentaw , Abubeker Rajiha , Asamene Nega , Assefa Meseret , Tigabu Eyasu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) is one of etiologic agent for sexually transmitted diseases with high global significant public health importance. The treatment regimens for gonorrhea have changed frequently over the past few decades due to the organism’s propensity for developing antibiotic resistance. This study was aimed to investigate quinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and other relevant antimicrobials susceptibility patterns of N. gonorrhoeae so that the national treatment regimen could be revised based on the information generated from this study.
Methods: Urethral discharge specimens were cultured on Modified Thayer Martín media and suspected gonococcal colonies were confirmed using Oxidase, Superoxol tests followed by commercial identification kit (API-NHR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using ciprofloxacin(5ug), ceftriaxone (30ug), cefixime(5ug), cefoxitin (30 ug), and spectinomycin (100 ug), on enriched GC agar. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was also done using concentration gradient strips (E-test) of the same antimicrobial agents.
Results: The prevalence of gonococcal isolates from the current study was 69%. Out of the 361 gonococcal isolates, close to 68% were fluoroquinolone non susceptible with 60% resistant and 7% intermediate status. However, there was no detection of ceftriaxone non susceptible gonococcal isolates. The isolates also showed reduced non susceptible to spectinomycin and cefoxitin.
Conclusion: The prevalence of gonococcal isolates from the current study was high. There was a high level of fluoroquinolone resistance in gonococcal isolates recovered in this study.

Key words: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone MIC, Ethiopia
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and staphylococcal toxin gene of blaTEM-1a-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals in Chongqing, China
Authors: Wang Haoju , Chen Yao , Jia Xiaomei , Ding Honglei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important etiological agents in both human and animals. It has been reported with high antimicrobial resistance and multiple staphylococcal superantigen genes in many countries and several provinces of China. However, large-scale investigation of this organism has not been documented in Chongqing, China. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and some molecular characteristics of S. aureus acquired from animals in Chongqing.

Results

A total of 89 S. aureus isolates were cultured from 1371 samples picked up from March 2014 to December 2017. The isolates were originated from pigs (25), cattle (6), goats (10), rabbits (16) and chicken (32). Four MRSA strains were identified from 3 pig samples and 1 chicken sample. The isolates showed high resistance to penicillin (93.3%) and ampicillin (92.1%), but were more susceptible to amikacin and ofloxacin, since the resistance rates of these two drugs were less than 10%. Meanwhile, 74.2% isolates exhibited varying degree of MDR. Almost all strains, except for 3 chicken-originated isolates, were positive for blaTEM-1a, but did not harbor other ESBL genes. Nineteen staphylococcal SE/SEl/TSST-1 genes, except seq, were detected in isolates. The predominant genes were sei (58.4%), tst-1 (56.2%) and seg (51.7%).

Conclusions

The high antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of blaTEM-1a seriously reminded that it was urgent to standardize and cut down the usage of antimicrobials. The universal existence of staphylococcal toxin genes in isolated strains implied a potential threat of public health from animals to human through the food chain.
Prevalence and risk factors of myopia in Han and Yugur older adults in Gansu, China：a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Xuqian , He Huijing , Wang Xujiao , Shan Guangliang , Pan Li , Tao Zhiyan , Li Jun , Ren Xiaolan , Zhao Hongjun , Pan Zhouxian , Wang Meng , Zhong Yong , Ma Jin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Few studies have investigated the prevalence of myopia in Northwest China. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of myopia and high myopia in adults aged 40-80 years in Han and Yugur ethnicities living in Gansu Province, Northwest China.

Methods

The cross-section study is part of the China National Health Survey (CNHS), which was conducted in 2016, Gansu Province. We compared the age- and sex-standardized prevalence of myopia, high myopia and hyperopia in Han and Yugur participants. Risk factors for myopia and high myopia were identified using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

3845 participants were included. The overall adjusted prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent (SE)<-0.5 D), high myopia (SE<-6.0D) and hyperopia (SE>+0.5D) were 16.4%, 0.7% and 26.2% in Yugur, and 34.3%, 5.0% and 19.2% in Han. In the multivariable logistic regression model, Han ethnicity (Odds Ratio(OR),0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45-0.69), P<0.001), birth in rural areas (OR,0.69; 95%CI: 0.56-0.85, P<0.001), higher education level (OR,1.48; 95%CI:1.18-1.85, P=0.001for middle/high school group and OR, 3.62; 95%CI:2.73-4.82, P<0.001 for Undergraduate/graduate group), indoor work (OR, 0.64; 95%CI: 0.51-0.80, P<0.001), smoking history (OR, 0.69; 95%CI: 0.52-0.90, P=0.007) and a family history of myopia (OR,2.83; 95%CI: 1.22-6.51, P=0.015 for one patient) were found to be associated with myopia. The risk factors of high myopia included Han ethnicity (OR, 0.33; 95%CI: 0.15-0.73, P=0.006), 50-59 age group (OR, 0.65; 95%CI:0.43-1.0, P=0.049), 60-69 age group (OR,0.49; 95%CI: 0.25-0.97, P=0.039), birth in rural area (OR, 0.61; 95%CI: 0.40-0.94, P=0.025) and a family history of myopia (OR, 4.32; 95%CI: 1.74-10.7, P=0.002 for one patient; OR, 22.3; 95%CI: 2.41-206.1, P=0.006 for both patients).

Conclusion

The prevalence of myopia and high myopia in Han adults aged 40-80 was significantly higher than that in Yugur. The risk factors of myopia included Han ethnicity, birth in rural area, higher education level, indoor work and a family history of myopia. This study provided valuable information on risk factors of myopia and revealed an ethnic disparity on the susceptibility of myopia, which would be useful in identifying high-risk population and initiating more targeted strategies preventing myopia in China.
Development and Validation of the Study Quality Assessment of Design (SQUAD) Tool for Systematic Reviews
Authors: Tierney Aaron , Haverfield Marie , Bharadwaj Shreyas , Zulman Donna 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Despite consensus about the need to assess study design quality in systematic reviews, there remains a need for practical tools that can be used for quality assessment across diverse study designs.

Methods

We developed the Study Quality Assessment of Design (SQUAD) tool by combining and streamlining the Cochrane tool for grading randomized controlled trials and the risk of bias criteria developed for Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) reviews. We validated the tool and refined it through a four-iteration pilot. We then used the tool to evaluate the quality of studies in a systematic review of the effects of interpersonal interventions on Quadruple Aim outcomes (i.e., population health, cost, patient and provider experience).

Results

During a pilot with 12 studies (8 randomized controlled trials and 4 observational studies), the ICC (1,1) improved from 0.41 to 0.89. In the systematic review of 77 studies (68 randomized control trials and 9 observational studies), the ICC (2,1) was 0.72.

Conclusions

SQUAD is a practical and reliable tool for assessing the quality of studies of various designs when synthesizing findings for systematic reviews. Standardized practices for quality assessment are critical to the reliability of systematic reviews. This pragmatic and standardized tool can facilitate efficient and high-quality assessments for a broad range of studies.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients after multiple (≥3) catheter ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Jindong , Zhou Mengmeng , Zhao Liang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Many atrial fibrillation (AF) patients require more than one radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) procedure to maintain sinus rhythm. This study aimed to evaluate risk and risk factors of atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) recurrence in patients undergoing multiple (≥3) RFCA procedures for AF.
Methods: This single-center, retrospective, observational study enrolled 118 consecutive patients who underwent multiple ablation procedures for paroxysmal and non-paroxysmal AF with circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA), and bidirectional block of lines with disappearance of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) as index procedural endpoints, respectively.
Results: At a median follow-up of 18 (range, 6-91) months after the last procedure (mean, 3.2 procedures), freedom from ATa recurrence was 40.7% (48/118). Initially diagnosed non-paroxysmal AF (P=0.039), baseline LA size (P=0.044), and recurrent AF after the second procedure (P=0.044) were univariate predictors of ATa recurrence, while only the latter (P=0.010) was an independent multivariate predictor (hazard ratio for ATa recurrence of 1.88 [95% CI, 1.16-3.05]. Conversion of recurrent types between AF and AFL/AT occurred in 52.9% (37/70) of patients with ATa recurrence, and 29.2% (14/48) of patients with sinus rhythm after last procedure. Few patients (7.8% [20/257]) recovered PV potential induced recurrent ATa during multiple procedures, and most (87.6% [141/161]) were bystanders of recurrent ATa.
Conclusions: Multiple (>3) RFCA for paroxysmal or non-paroxysmal AF yielded unsatisfactory ATa recurrence rates with recurrent AF after the second procedure as multivariate predictor and recovered PV potential as a bystander commonly as underlying mechanism. Conversion of recurrent types between AF and AFL/AT was common.