bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep 3D residual CNN for false‐positive reduction in pulmonary nodule detection
Authors: Jin Hongsheng , Li Zongyao , Tong Ruofeng , Lin Lanfen 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe automatic detection of pulmonary nodules using CT scans improves the efficiency of lung cancer diagnosis, and false‐positive reduction plays a significant role in the detection. In this paper, we focus on the false‐positive reduction task and propose an effective method for this task.MethodsWe construct a deep 3D residual CNN (convolution neural network) to reduce false‐positive nodules from candidate nodules. The proposed network is much deeper than the traditional 3D CNNs used in medical image processing. Specifically, in the network, we design a spatial pooling and cropping (SPC) layer to extract multilevel contextual information of CT data. Moreover, we employ an online hard sample selection strategy in the training process to make the network better fit hard samples (e.g., nodules with irregular shapes).ResultsOur method is evaluated on 888 CT scans from the dataset of the LUNA16 Challenge. The free‐response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curve shows that the proposed method achieves a high detection performance.ConclusionsOur experiments confirm that our method is robust and that the SPC layer helps increase the prediction accuracy. Additionally, the proposed method can easily be extended to other 3D object detection tasks in medical image processing.
Mean residual life of coherent systems consisting of multiple types of dependent components
Authors: Eryilmaz Serkan , Coolen Frank P.A. , Coolen‐Maturi Tahani 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMean residual life is a useful dynamic characteristic to study reliability of a system. It has been widely considered in the literature not only for single unit systems but also for coherent systems. This article is concerned with the study of mean residual life for a coherent system that consists of multiple types of dependent components. In particular, the survival signature based generalized mixture representation is obtained for the survival function of a coherent system and it is used to evaluate the mean residual life function. Furthermore, two mean residual life functions under different conditional events on components’ lifetimes are also defined and studied.
Early manifestation of depressive‐like behavior in transgenic mice that express dementia with Lewy body‐linked mutant β‐synuclein
Authors: Fujita Masayo , Hagino Yoko , Takamatsu Yukio , Shimizu Yuka , Takamatsu Yoshiki , Ikeda Kazutaka , Hashimoto Makoto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimWe previously generated transgenic (Tg) mice that expressed P123H β‐synuclein (βS), a dementia with Lewy body‐linked mutant βS. Notably, these mice recapitulated neurodegenerative features of Lewy body disease, reflected by motor dysfunction, greater protein aggregation, and memory impairment. Since recent studies suggested that non‐motor symptoms, such as depression, might be manifested in the prodromal stage of Lewy body disease, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the early expression of behavior in P123H βS Tg mice.MethodsNest building, locomotor activity, and depressive‐like behavior were assessed using 6‐ to 10‐month‐old male and female P123H βS Tg and wildtype mice.Key ResultsP123H βS Tg mice exhibited hyperlocomotor activity in a novel environment, a decrease in mobility time in the tail suspension test, and impairments in nest building.ConclusionsImportantly, these non‐motor behaviors were manifested before the onset of motor dysfunction, suggesting that P123H βS Tg mice could be a valid model for investigating the early phase of Lewy body disease.
Comparative Protein Interaction Network Analysis Identifies Shared and Distinct Functions for the Human ROCO Proteins
Authors: Tomkins James E. , Dihanich Sybille , Beilina Alexandra , Ferrari Raffaele , Ilacqua Nicolò , Cookson Mark R. , Lewis Patrick A. , Manzoni Claudia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSignal transduction cascades governed by kinases and GTPases are a critical component of the command and control of cellular processes, with the precise outcome partly determined by direct protein–protein interactions (PPIs). Here, we use the human ROCO proteins as a model for investigating PPI signaling events—taking advantage of the unique dual kinase/GTPase activities and scaffolding properties of these multidomain proteins. PPI networks are reported that encompass the human ROCO proteins, developed using two complementary approaches. First, using the recently developed weighted PPI network analysis (WPPINA) pipeline, a confidence‐weighted overview of validated ROCO protein interactors is obtained from peer‐reviewed literature. Second, novel ROCO PPIs are assessed experimentally via protein microarray screens. The networks derived from these orthologous approaches are compared to identify common elements within the ROCO protein interactome; functional enrichment analysis of this common core of the network identified stress response and cell projection organization as shared functions within this protein family. Despite the presence of these commonalities, the results suggest that many unique interactors and therefore some specialized cellular roles have evolved for different members of the ROCO proteins. Overall, this multi‐approach strategy to increase the resolution of protein interaction networks represents a prototype for the utility of PPI data integration in understanding signaling biology.
Gaining Insight Into Posttranslationally Modified HIV Antigens and Their Underlying Characteristics
Authors: Marino Fabio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS)‐based immunopeptidomics has developed as one of the leading methodologies for comprehensive characterization of in vivo presented human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐bound peptides. Unveiling the identity of HLA‐bound peptides derived from diseased cells is crucial to gain knowledge on the constitution of efficient disease‐specific T cell responses. The HLA‐presented peptidome reflects the status of the cellular proteome, hence disease‐related aberrations of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) might lead to presentation of peptides harboring PTMs. Therefore, characterization of HLA‐bound PTM peptides could shed light on their relevance in immune and disease processes. In this issue, Ramarathinam et al. investigate the presentation of HIV envelope (HIVenv) peptides bound to the HLA‐B*57:01 allele. Among these peptides, the authors specifically focused on a kynurenine‐modified peptide. To this end, they characterize the possible origin of the kynurenine modification, its effect on HLA binding affinity, stability, conformation within the complex, and its immunogenicity compared to the native counterpart.
Non‐isocyanate strategy for anionically stabilized water‐borne polyurea dispersions and coatings
Authors: Ma Shuang , Chen Cheng , Sablong Rafaël J. , Koning Cor E. , van Benthem Rolf A. T. M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAn isocyanate‐free strategy for the preparation of anionically stabilized water‐borne polyurea (PU) dispersions was developed with diamines, dicarbamates, and dianhydrides as monomers. Poly(amic acid urea)s (PAAUs) with number average molecular weights up to 34 kDa were synthesized from ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride and diamine‐functional PUs. The latter were produced from polymerization of dicarbamates and diamines. The factors that affected the particle sizes of the corresponding PAAU dispersions were investigated. Water‐borne PAAU coatings cured at elevated temperatures exhibited much better material properties than those cured at 50 °C as a result of crosslinking due to amine/carboxylic acid reactions and noncyclic imidization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1078–1090
A meta‐analysis of the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy on quality of life and psychological health of breast cancer survivors and patients
Authors: Ye Mengfei , Du Kanghui , Zhou Jingying , Zhou Quanqian , Shou Mengna , Hu Baiqi , Jiang Panruo , Dong Nan , He Luying , Liang Shenglin , Yu Chaoyang , Zhang Jian , Ding Zhinan , Liu Zheng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) on quality of life (QOL) and psychological health of breast cancer survivors and patients.MethodsA total of 1289 references were examined from an overall literature search in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of CBT compared with a range of comparators in cancer survivors. We assessed the effect of CBT by using the standardized mean difference as effect size.ResultsAmong 1289 abstracts and 292 full‐text articles reviewed, 10 studies were included. At the posttreatment period, the pooled effect size for CBT on QOL was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.69; P < .001), on depression was −1.11 (95% CI, −1.28 to −0.94; P < .001), on stress was −0.40 (95% CI, −0.53 to −0.26; P < .001), on anxiety was −1.10 (95% CI, −1.27 to −0.93; P < .001), and on hyperarousal cluster of symptoms was −0.18 (95% CI, −0.30 to −0.05; P < .001). The QOL was considered statistically medium effect sizes. The depression and anxiety were considered statistically large effect sizes.ConclusionsCognitive behavior therapy is an effective therapy for psychological symptoms of cancer survivors and patients, with meaningfully clinical effect sizes. These findings suggested that CBT should be used as the intervention for breast cancer survivors and patients when possible.
Hydropeaking in small hydropower in Norway—Compliance with license conditions?
Authors: L'Abée‐Lund J.H. , Otero J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHydropeaking involves rapid changes in water flow, causing negative effects on aquatic organisms. To reduce these effects, hydropower licenses contain restrictions on hydropeaking. The owners of a hydropower plant are obliged to follow the requirements in the license. This study was conducted to understand the effect of environmental policies in small hydro licenses. We studied the occurrence of hydropeaking by analysing 256 high‐head, small Norwegian hydropower plants in relation to a set of characteristics that define each plant. We selected plants that were online during 2005–2014 and chose 2015 as a year for hourly production patterns. We counted the number of starts, that is, the moment when the hydro facility starts to produce energy, as an indicator of hydropeaking. Among the analysed plants, 75.8% had restrictions to practice hydropeaking. Production typically showed daily, weekly, and annual cycles though shapes varied depending on turbine type and location. The number of starts was independent on having or not having a license to practice hydropeaking. The average duration of periods with production and the average production in these periods were higher for plants without restrictions. The number of starts varied widely among plants. The number of starts was lower for installed Pelton turbines than for Francis and Kaplan turbines, which was in agreement with the characteristics of the turbines. Overall, these results show that hydropeaking restrictions given in the licenses are rarely followed. The high number of starts may be explained by failure in the grid system, improper maintenance, and financial interests. Their relative importance should be subject to further investigation.
Combination of Tetrabutylammonium Iodide (TBAI) with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide (TBHP): An Efficient Transition‐Metal‐Free System to Construct Various Chemical Bonds
Authors: Chen Rongxiang , Chen Jijun , Zhang Jie , Wan Xiaobing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this account, we describe our recent progress on transition‐metal‐free‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions using tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as the catalyst and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. A rich variety of important organic compounds including α‐acyloxy ethers, tert‐butyl peresters, allylic esters, amides, α‐amino nitriles, fully substituted pyrazoles, N‐sulfonyl formamidines, α‐amino acid esters, cyanomethyl esters, N‐nitrosamines, and 3‐acyloxy‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans have been successfully achieved in high chemoselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggested that TBAI could decompose TBHP to tBuO. and tBuOO. or be oxdized to (hypo)iodite by TBHP.
The Need for Student Engagement
Authors: Hamilton Andrew 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the question of what it takes to bring much needed improvement to higher education, and concludes that meaningful change will likely have to come from the inside. Reasons to restructure courses in ways consistent with how our students relate to their academic and intellectual lives are presented. To reverse some troubling trends, faculty and institutions will need to inspire students to engage more fully their study and learning time.
Student Engagement with Other Students
Authors: Woodard Bobby R. , Fatzinger Jim B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe collegiate experience provides opportunities for learners to engage with others in an environment that prepares graduates for twenty‐first century challenges. This chapter offers reasons why students should engage with other students by doing, feeling, and thinking, and posits that engagement on campus not only serves students individually and collectively, but also contributes to a vibrant campus‐learning environment.
Assessment of chemical elements in cosmetics' eyeshadows by X‐ray fluorescence and International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients characterization
Authors: Santos Bruna Vilela , de Oliveira Júnior José Martins , Bonventi Júnior Waldemar , Hanai‐Yoshida Valquíria Miwa 
Published: March 2018

Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique, as a qualitative and quantitative analysis, was used for inorganic chemical elements determination (K, S, Cl, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Pb, Zn, Rb, and Bi) in eyeshadows for safe human use. International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients standardized nomenclature was used for labels investigation to obtain data on legal regularity. Data of 23 samples were clustered by similarity, measuring relative concentrations of detected chemical elements. Calculating the correlation among such values, a similarity matrix was used to generate a dendrogram. Pb was found in samples silver color S12E and copper color S22I above permissible limits (20 μg/g). Same composition was reported for the pink (S01A), black (S02A), and brown (S03A) samples, but the same chemical elements were not detected by EDXRF in them. The best correlation was found between samples S08D and S23 J (0.961). The least correlation was 0.0012 between S01A and S12E. The clustering analysis showed 7 groups of similar samples according to EDXRF data. Relations among 6 eyeshadows' colors and chemical compositions were discovered by using decision trees, where the most determinant elements were Mn, S, Cl, Ca, and Fe, in this order. Commercial regularization and International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients standardization of eyeshadows in Brazil are not fully complied by the manufacturers of the investigated brands.
The effects of two different doses of ultraviolet-A light exposure on nitric oxide metabolites and cardiorespiratory outcomes
Authors: Monaghan Chris , McIlvenna Luke C. , Liddle Luke , Burleigh Mia , Weller Richard B. , Fernandez Bernadette O. , Feelisch Martin , Muggeridge David J. , Easton Chris 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose
The present study investigated different doses of ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light on plasma nitric oxide metabolites and cardiorespiratory variables.

Methods
Ten healthy male participants completed three experimental conditions, 7 days apart. Participants were exposed to no light (CON); 10 J cm2 (15 min) of UV-A light (UVA10) and 20 J cm2 (30 min) of UV-A light (UVA20) in a randomized order. Plasma nitrite [NO2−] and nitrate [NO3−] concentrations, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded before, immediately after exposure and 30 min post-exposure. Whole body oxygen utilization ($${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$

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), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skin temperature were recorded continuously.

Results
None of the measured parameters changed significantly during CON (all P > 0.05). $${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$

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and RMR were significantly reduced immediately after UVA10 (P < 0.05) despite no change in plasma [NO2−] (P > 0.05). Immediately after exposure to UVA20, plasma [NO2−] was higher (P = 0.014) and $${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$

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and RMR tended to be lower compared to baseline (P = 0.06). There were no differences in [NO2−] or $${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$

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at the 30 min time point in any condition. UV-A exposure did not alter systolic BP, diastolic BP or MAP (all P > 0.05). UV-A light did not alter plasma [NO3−] at any time point (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that a UV-A dose of 20 J cm2 is necessary to increase plasma [NO2−] although a smaller dose is capable of reducing $${{\dot{V}}}{\rm O}_{2}$$

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and RMR at rest. Exposure to UV-A did not significantly reduce BP in this cohort of healthy adults. These data suggest that exposure to sunlight has a meaningful acute impact on metabolic function.
Informed Decision‐Making in the Context of Prenatal Chromosomal Microarray
Authors: Baker Jessica , Shuman Cheryl , Chitayat David , Wasim Syed , Okun Nan , Keunen Johannes , Hofstedter Renee , Silver Rachel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe introduction of chromosomal microarray (CMA) into the prenatal setting has involved considerable deliberation due to the wide range of possible outcomes (e.g., copy number variants of uncertain clinical significance). Such issues are typically discussed in pre‐test counseling for pregnant women to support informed decision‐making regarding prenatal testing options. This research study aimed to assess the level of informed decision‐making with respect to prenatal CMA and the factor(s) influencing decision‐making to accept CMA for the selected prenatal testing procedure (i.e., chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis). We employed a questionnaire that was adapted from a three‐dimensional measure previously used to assess informed decision‐making with respect to prenatal screening for Down syndrome and neural tube defects. This measure classifies an informed decision as one that is knowledgeable, value‐consistent, and deliberated. Our questionnaire also included an optional open‐ended question, soliciting factors that may have influenced the participants’ decision to accept prenatal CMA; these responses were analyzed qualitatively. Data analysis on 106 participants indicated that 49% made an informed decision (i.e., meeting all three criteria of knowledgeable, deliberated, and value‐consistent). Analysis of 59 responses to the open‐ended question showed that “the more information the better” emerged as the dominant factor influencing both informed and uninformed participants’ decisions to accept prenatal CMA. Despite learning about the key issues in pre‐test genetic counseling, our study classified a significant portion of women as making uninformed decisions due to insufficient knowledge, lack of deliberation, value‐inconsistency, or a combination of these three measures. Future efforts should focus on developing educational approaches and counseling strategies to effectively increase the rate of informed decision‐making among women offered prenatal CMA.
Pregnant Genetic Counselors in an Era of Advanced Genomic Tests: What Do the Experts Test Prenatally?
Authors: Shkedi‐Rafid Shiri , Hashiloni‐Dolev Yael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAdvanced genomic tests in pregnancy, such as chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), provide higher detection rates yet often produce probabilistic and uncertain information. This study aimed to understand how the most knowledgeable patients, i.e., pregnant genetic counselors, act in their own pregnancies, thereby gaining insight into the impact of patients’ knowledge on the diagnostic process. Seventeen interviews were conducted with Israeli genetic counselors, either pregnant or up to 2 years post‐pregnancy. A third of the participants chose not to have CMA while two thirds underwent it despite no detected abnormalities. Although knowledge was the main motivation, counselors varied in the desired degree of information. Two thirds of those opting for CMA wished to have all findings identified whereas roughly one third asked for a targeted platform seeking to avoid uncertain results. Counselors were not quick to adopt new tests such as whole‐exome sequencing. Being knowledgeable was described as promoting a sense of control yet also being a source of stress and moral dilemmas. While the basic premise of informed consent is crucial, it does not always make things easier for educated patients. Consequently, raising levels of patient knowledge is only a limited step forward in the search for best practice.
The reciprocal relationship between physical activity and depression: Does age matter?
Authors: Wassink-Vossen S. , Collard R.M. , Hiles S.A. , Oude Voshaar R.C. , Naarding P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground:The level of physical activity (PA) and the prevalence of depression both change across the lifespan. We examined whether the association between PA and depression is moderated by age. As sense of mastery and functional limitations have been previously associated with low PA and depression in older adults, we also examined whether these are determinants of the differential effect of age on PA and depression.Methods:1079 patients with major depressive disorder (aged 18–88 years) were followed-up after two-years; depression diagnosis and severity as well as PA were re-assessed. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to test reciprocal prospective associations between PA and depression outcomes. In all models the interaction with age was tested.Results:PA at baseline predicted remission of depressive disorder at follow-up (OR = 1.43 [95% CI: 1.07–1.93], p =.018). This effect was not moderated by age. PA predicted improvement of depression symptom severity in younger (B = −2.03; SE =.88; p =.022), but not in older adults (B = 2.24; SE = 1.48; p =.128) (p =.015 for the interaction PA by age in the whole sample). The level of PA was relatively stable over time. Depression, sense of mastery and functional limitation were for all ages not associated with PA at follow-up.Conclusions:Age did not moderate the impact of PA on depressive disorder remission. Only in younger adults, sufficient PA independently predicts improvement of depressive symptom severity after two-year follow-up. Level of PA rarely changed over time, and none of the determinants tested predicted change in PA, independent of age.
An ecomorphospace for the Ammonoidea
Authors: Walton Sonny A. , Korn Dieter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe fossil conchs of ammonoids provide valuable information about the life habits of this extinct group. A new conch measurement, the apertural surface area (ASarea), is introduced here along with modeled sizes of the buccal mass and the hyponome, based on ratios of these organs in comparison with the aperture height from the RecentNautilus pompilius. A principal components analysis was performed using the three main characters: (1) apertural surface area index (i.e., the ratio of the apertural surface and the conch diameter), (2) buccal mass area index (i.e., the ratio between the buccal mass area and the ASarea), and (3) coiling rate of the conch. It revealed an ecomorphospace where life history traits can be tentatively assigned to species of the Ammonoidea. In this morphospace, RecentNautilushas a marginal position, being one of the ectocochleate cephalopods with best properties for active life (capacity for handling large food items, rather good mobility). In contrast, most ammonoids possessed, at comparable conch sizes, much smaller buccal apparatuses and hyponomes, suggesting a more passive life history with reduced mobility potential and reduced capacities for larger prey items.