bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body knowledge in children with congenital lower limb deficiency
Authors: Mano Hiroshi , Fujiwara Sayaka , Haga Nobuhiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn order to effectively improve motor function, a sound understanding of one's body – for example, relative spatial position, relationships, names and functions of body parts – is essential. The aim of this study was to explore how children with congenital lower limb deficiency (LLD) perceive their bodies, particularly their legs.MethodsSix children with congenital LLD and 14 controls, aged 5–12 years, were recruited for this study. They drew self‐portraits and answered questions about names of body parts. These body part‐related questions consisted of a production test, in which an examiner pointed to body parts on each child and asked the child to name them, and a comprehension test, in which the examiner mentioned body parts and asked the child to point to them on their own body.ResultsNo differences were found between the self‐portraits of children with LLD and those of the control children. In the verbal tests, children with LLD responded correctly at lower rates to questions on body trunk, upper limbs, arms, hands and feet than the control children.ConclusionChildren with LLD have diminished lexical–semantic body knowledge of the upper limbs and feet compared with children without LLD.
“Gave me a line of ice and I got hooked”: Exploring narratives of initiating methamphetamine use
Authors: Schmidt Michael , Dillon Patrick J. , Jackson Bianca M. , Pirkey Paige , Kedia Satish K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores factors associated with methamphetamine initiation based on the narratives from an online support group for methamphetamine users.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study of 202 first‐person narratives submitted to an anonymous, online support group for methamphetamine users. The narratives were analyzed in the Dedoose qualitative software using Charmaz’s adaptations to Glaserian grounded theory methodology.ResultsTen factors for initiating methamphetamine use emerged from our analysis and corresponded to three constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior: attitude (needing energy to work, wishing to escape pain, wanting to have fun, and desiring a thinner body), subjective norms (ubiquity of methamphetamine use, yearning for closer relationships, and wanting to fit in), and perceived behavioral control (believing addiction is inevitable, feeling forced to fit in, and having no real control). Many participants described initiating methamphetamine use because they believed it would help them meet personal goals or needs. Other participants began using it out of curiosity, to develop relationships, and/or because of the drug’s ubiquity in their social environments. Some users described how their perceived lack of control left them with limited ability to resist trying the drug.ConclusionsResults from this study may aid public health researchers and interventionists seeking theoretically informed methamphetamine prevention programs.
Characteristics of Xeroderma Pigmentosum in Japan: Lessons From Two Clinical Surveys and Measures for Patient Care
Authors: Nishigori Chikako , Nakano Eiji , Masaki Taro , Ono Ryusuke , Takeuchi Seiji , Tsujimoto Mariko , Ueda Takehiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractXeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disease caused by deficiency in repair of DNA lesions generated by ultraviolet radiation and other compounds. Patients with XP display pigmentary change and numerous skin cancers in sun‐exposed sites, and some patients show exaggerated severe sunburns even upon minimum sun exposure as well as neurological symptoms. We conducted a nationwide survey for XP since 1980. In Japan, the frequency of the XP complementation group A is the highest, followed by the variant type; while in the Western countries, those of groups C or D are the highest. Regarding skin cancers in XP, basal cell carcinoma was the most frequent cancer that afflicted patients with XP, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. The frequency of these skin cancers in patients with XP has decreased in these 20 years, and the age of onset of developing skin cancers is higher than those previously observed, owing to early diagnosis and education to patients and care takers on strict prevention from sunlight for patients with XP. On the other hand, the effective therapy for neurological XP has not been established yet, and this needs to be done urgently.
Effects of attachment to and participation in the community on motivation to participate in dementia prevention and support activities: analysis of Web survey data
Authors: Takao Makiko , Maki Yohko 
Published: December 2018

AimThe objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of a sense of attachment to the community (attachment) and participation in community activities (participation) on motivation to participate in dementia prevention and support activities (motivation).MethodsWe conducted a nationwide Web‐based questionnaire survey of 1693 men and women aged ≥20 years. The questionnaire items used in the analysis asked about the following: (i) demographic characteristics (i.e. gender, age, marital status, household income (monitor‐registered data), elderly family members, number of years of residency); (ii) attachment; (iii) participation; (iv) self‐assessment of dementia knowledge; (v) nursing care experience; (vi) contact with individuals with dementia; (vii) attitudes towards dementia and people with dementia; and (viii) motivation.ResultsPositivity towards dementia and negativity towards dementia were extracted as factors in exploratory factor analysis of attitudes towards dementia and people with dementia. Multiple regression analysis with extracted factors as dependent variables showed that attachment and participation exerted positive effects on attitudes towards dementia (both P < 0.001). The direct effects of attachment and participation on motivation were significant in hierarchical multiple regression analysis (both P < 0.001), and path analysis demonstrated the paths of the effects of attachment and participation on motivation (both P < 0.001). The bias‐corrected bootstrap method showed that both attachment and participation exerted direct and indirect (via the mediation of attitudes towards dementia) effects on motivation to participate in the community (all P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results showed that attachment and participation were both determinants of positive attitudes towards dementia and, thus, exerted effects on motivation, both directly and indirectly. These findings suggested that the enhancement of attachment and promotion of participation could lead to the promotion of dementia prevention and support activities in communities and increase dementia awareness.
On resonant interactions of gravity‐capillary waves without energy exchange
Authors: Chabane Malik , Choi Wooyoung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe consider resonant triad interactions of gravity‐capillary waves and investigate in detail special resonant triads that exchange no energy during their interactions so that the wave amplitudes remain constant in time. After writing the resonance conditions in terms of two parameters (or two angles of wave propagation), we first identify a region in the two‐dimensional parameter space, where resonant triads can be always found, and then describe the variations of resonant wavenumbers and wave frequencies over the resonance region. Using the amplitude equations recovered from a Hamiltonian formulation for water waves, it is shown that any resonant triad inside the resonance region can interact without energy exchange if the initial wave amplitudes and relative phase satisfy the two conditions for fixed point solutions of the amplitude equations. Furthermore, it is shown that the symmetric resonant triad exchanging no energy forms a transversely modulated traveling wave field, which can be considered a two‐dimensional generalization of Wilton ripples.
Exercise type and activities of daily living disability in older women: An 8‐year population‐based cohort study
Authors: Osuka Yosuke , Kojima Narumi , Kim Miji , Won Chang Won , Suzuki Takao , Kim Hunkyung 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundExercise may reduce the risk of disability for activities of daily living (ADL), but the degree of associations between specific exercise types and such a risk remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between exercise types and the incidence of ADL disability in older women.MethodsThis 8‐year population‐based prospective cohort study enrolled 1003 community‐dwelling older Japanese women without ADL disability in the baseline surveys. In the baseline surveys, all participants were asked whether or not they participated in any of 16 exercise types through a face‐to‐face interview. ADL were assessed using a modified form of the Katz index that comprised five ADL tasks. ADL disability was defined as dependence in at least one ADL task during the 8‐year follow‐up period. Binary logistic regression analyses were applied to obtain adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs) for the incidence of ADL disability based on participation or non‐participation in each exercise type.ResultsActivities of daily living disability was noted in 130 participants (13.0%) over the 8‐year follow‐up period. After adjustment for confounders and other exercise types, participation in dancing, compared to non‐participation, was associated with a significantly lower OR (0.27; 95% CI: 0.09‐0.75) for incident ADL disability. There were no significant associations between other exercise types and incident ADL disability.ConclusionDancing was significantly and independently associated with a lower incidence of ADL disability. Thus, dancing may solely contribute to a reduced risk of ADL disability in older women.
Using Flint, Michigan, lead data in introductory statistics
Authors: Loux Travis , Gibson Andrew K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough the use of real‐world data sets is encouraged when teaching statistics, it can be difficult for instructors to find meaningful data for introducing students to univariate descriptive statistics such as the mean, median, and percentiles. The recent lead contamination of the water supply in Flint, Michigan, provides a real‐life data set with important implications hinging on basic statistics such as these. The data set can also be used as a starting point for discussions on sampling design, data collection, and ethical data practices.
Piloting and implementation of quality assessment and quality control procedures in RBC‐Omics: a large multi‐center study of red blood cell hemolysis during storage
Authors: Stone Mars , Keating Sheila M. , Kanias Tamir , Lanteri Marion C. , Lebedeva Mila , Sinchar Derek , Hampton Dylan , Jakub Adam , Rychka Val , Brewer Greg , Bakkour Sonia , Gefter Nelly , Murcia Karla , Page Grier P. , Endres‐Dighe Stacy , Bialkowski Walter , Fu Xiaoyun , Zimring Jim , Raife Thomas J. , Kleinman Steve , Gladwin Mark T. , Busch Michael P. ,   for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study III (REDS‐III) Program
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDThe major aims of the RBC‐Omics study were to evaluate the genomic and metabolomic determinants of spontaneous and stress‐induced hemolysis during RBC storage. This study was unique in scale and design to allow evaluation of RBC donations from a sufficient number of donors across the spectrum of race, ethnicity, sex, and donation intensity. Study procedures were carefully piloted, optimized, and controlled to enable high‐quality data collection.METHODSThe enrollment goal of 14,000 RBC donors across four centers, with characterization of RBC hemolysis across two testing laboratories, required rigorous piloting and optimization and establishment of a quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) program. Optimization of WBC elution from leukoreduction (LR) filters, development and validation of small‐volume transfer bags, impact of manufacturing and sample‐handling procedures on hemolysis parameters, and testing consistency across laboratories and technicians and over time were part of this quality assurance/quality control program.RESULTSLR filter elution procedures were optimized for obtaining DNA for analysis. Significant differences between standard and pediatric storage bags led to use of an alternative LR‐RBC transfer bag. The impact of sample preparation and freezing methods on metabolomics analyses was evaluated. Proficiency testing monitored and documented testing consistency across laboratories and technicians.CONCLUSIONPiloting and optimization, and establishment of a robust quality assurance/quality control program documented process consistency throughout the study and was essential in executing this large‐scale multicenter study. This program supports the validity of the RBC‐Omics study results and a sample repository that can be used in future studies.
Magnitude and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection among voluntary blood donors at National Blood Bank, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Authors: Teka Yeabkal Daniel , Demoz Habtemariam , Bekele Fanuel Belayneh , Tulu Kassu Desta 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous agent that commonly infects individuals from diverse geographical and socio‐economic backgrounds. The infection is a major concern among some populations of blood transfusion recipients, especially neonates and immune‐compromised patients. Information on the burden of the infection is very scarce, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no documented evidence regarding its distribution and risk factors among blood donors in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assesses the magnitude and risk factors for cytomegalovirus infection among voluntary blood donors at National Blood Bank, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, a consecutive sampling of donors was used to select 605 participants. Data were collected by using a self‐administered structured questionnaire, and blood samples were collected for laboratory tests following standard blood centre SOPs. Serum samples were assayed for CMV IgG and CMV IgM using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Descriptive statistical techniques were used to assess the distribution, and chi‐square test was performed to identify associated factors at P values <0·05.ResultOf 605 voluntary blood donors included in the study, 458 (75·7%) were males. Mean ± SD age of the study participants was 30·3 ± 8·37 years with range between 18 and 63 years. There were 571 (94·4%) CMV IgG and 24 (4·0%) CMV IgM positivity donors. Transfusion‐transmissible infections (TTIs) positivity rate was 2 (0·3%) for HIV, 6 (1·0%) for HBsAg and 3 (0·5%) for syphilis. There were no statically significant associations between the dependent and independent variables.Conclusion and RecommendationThe magnitude of CMV is high among voluntary blood donors, and it has no association with transfusion and sexual contact history of donors. Therefore, we recommend CMV screening should be considered while transfusing immunosuppressed individuals, investigation of risk‐mitigation strategies, such as universal leucoreduction versus selective bed‐side leucoreduction should be considered.
The diversification of neopasiphaeine bees during the Cenozoic (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
Authors: Almeida Eduardo A. B. , Packer Laurence , Melo Gabriel A. R. , Danforth Bryan N. , Cardinal Sophie C. , Quinteiro Fábio B. , Pie Marcio R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe biogeography of colletid bees as a whole can be explained by several South American‐Australian trans‐Antarctic interchanges. Within Colletidae, neopasiphaeine bees form a large group that has not been adequately studied, even though they are interesting both from the biogeographical viewpoint for fitting well the austral Gondwanan track and for their associations to host plants. The present paper integrates phylogenetic, biogeographic and paleontological data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Neopasiphaeinae, with special emphasis on the New World taxa, relating the evolution of these bees to changes, such as the Andes uplift and expansion of open vegetation biomes. First, we propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for the Neopasiphaeinae using one mitochondrial and five nuclear loci. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence time estimation were simultaneously inferred in a Bayesian framework, and the tempo of neopasiphaeine diversification was investigated using lineage‐through‐time plots. The historical biogeography of neopasiphaeine bees was investigated in a likelihood framework. The clade represented by Neopasiphaeinae is strongly supported within Colletidae, and the bulk of their genera can be divided into two major sister‐clades that diverged during the Eocene: one endemic to the Australian region and the other to the Neotropical region. Divergence times among most neotropical genera of Neopasiphaeinae indicate that they differentiated and started their diversification during the Miocene. Our results depict a complex process of geographic evolution in the Neotropical clade, which probably relates to important changes in the neotropical climates and biota beginning at the Oligocene and became more marked in the Miocene. We present a scenario of the neotropical Neopasiphaeinae initially associated with areas of open vegetation in subtropical and temperate portions of South America, followed by multiple separations of lineages east and west of the Andes, and more recent occupations of habitats in tropical portions of the continent.
FLOW BEHAVIOUR OF OIL BLOB THROUGH A CAPILLARY TUBE CONSTRICTION DURING PULSED INJECTION
Authors: Jufar Shiferaw Regassa , M Al-Shami Tareq , Djuraev Ulugbek , Mamo Negash Berihun , Mahbubur Rahman Mohammed 
Published: December 2018

A numerical simulation of flow of oil blob through a capillary tube constriction is presented. The simulation was run in a 2D axisymmetric model. Water is injected at the inlet to mobilize oil blob placed near the capillary tube constriction. Transient flow images were used to understand the flow evolution process. Results from the study show that pulsed injection effectively assisted to squeeze out the oil blob through the capillary tube constriction with shorter time compared to continuous injection. Pulsed injection reduced the time required for the first droplet to cross the capillary tube constriction by about 3 folds compared to continuous injection. In addition, the droplet that crossed the constriction is larger when the flow was pulsed. In both cases, there is a reverse flow in the opposite direction of the injection. However, the severity of the reverse flow is stronger in the case of continuous injection. Immediately downstream the constriction, there is an adverse pressure gradient zone during continuous injection which limits the mobility of droplet that crossed the constriction. However, in the case of pulsed injection, there is a favorable pressure gradient zone immediately downstream the constriction. This zone expedites mobility of droplets that cross the constriction by transporting them further downstream through suction effect. Apparently, pulsed injection eases off the adverse pressure gradient and allowed more volume of oil to pass through the constriction. Within about two periods of pulsation, 84% of original oil placed at the beginning crossed the constriction compared to only 35% in the case of continuous injection. Even though the same amount of water was injected in both cases, pulsed injection clearly altered the flow behavior. The observation from this study may be extended to more complex flows in order to tailor the method for certain specific applications, such as flow of residual oil through a reservoir.
IDENTIFICATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHS INFECTION FROM GOATS ISOLATED IN A FARM IN KUANTAN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohd Azlan Mawaddah , Mat Yusof Afzan , Mohammad Mardhiah 
Published: December 2018

Livestock is a group of domesticated animal that is reared in an agricultural setting. It usually served as a source of income for most peoples in Malaysia. However, the productions of this livestock especially goats have been decreasing due to the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths infection. The aim of this study was to identify the presence and species of gastrointestinal helminths from 120 fecal samples collected directly from the rectum of goats from a farm located in Kuantan, Pahang. Firstly, the physical observation was evaluated on all goats. Then, their fecal sample was examined within 96 hours using Formal-ether Sedimentation method for the morphological characteristics identification of gastrointestinal helminthic species under the microscope. This study has identified the majority of goats with a good physical condition, that they have no sign of blood loss and have appropriate body frame. However, the microscopic identification has revealed 89 from the total samples positive with gastrointestinal helminths species while 76 of the positive showed presence of mixed species. The species found were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Trichuris ovis, Oesophagostomum spp., Ostertagia spp., and Strongyloides papillosus. This high infection of gastrointestinal helminths observed in goats is related to an impaired immune system, poor farm management, and uncontrolled anthelmintic treatment. The presence of various species of gastrointestinal helminths within a goat is an important cause of morbidity and loss of production. Therefore, this study suggested the need for an effective system of management, diagnosis and appropriate treatment that can reduce the risk of infection and increase the productivity of the animals. Â Â
Inducible nitric oxide synthase‐derived nitric oxide reduces vagal satiety signalling in obese mice
Authors: Yu Yang , Park Sung Jin , Beyak Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

Key points
Obesity is associated with disrupted satiety regulation. Mice with diet‐induced obesity have reduced vagal afferent neuronal excitability and a decreased afferent response to satiety signals. A low grade inflammation occurs in obesity with increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Inhibition of iNOS in diet‐induced obese mice restored vagal afferent neuronal excitability, increased the afferent response to satiety mediators and distention of the gut, and reduced short‐term energy intake.
A prolonged inhibition of iNOS reduced energy intake and body weight gain during the first week, and reduced amounts of epididymal fat after 3 weeks.
We identified a novel pathway underlying disrupted satiety regulation in obesity. Blocking of this pathway might be clinically useful for the management of obesity.
AbstractVagal afferents regulate feeding by transmitting satiety signals to the brain. Mice with diet‐induced obesity have reduced vagal afferent sensitivity to satiety signals. We investigated whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)‐derived NO contributed to this reduction. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‐ or low‐fat diet for 6–8 weeks. Nodose ganglia and jejunum were analysed by immunoblotting for iNOS expression; NO production was measured using a fluorometric assay. Nodose neuron excitability and intestinal afferent sensitivity were evaluated by whole‐cell patch clamp and in vitro afferent recording, respectively. Expression of iNOS and production of NO were increased in nodose ganglia and the small intestine in obese mice. Inhibition of iNOS in obese mice by pre‐treatment with an iNOS inhibitor increased nodose neuron excitability via 2‐pore‐domain K+ channel leak currents, restored afferent sensitivity to satiety signals and reduced short‐term energy intake. Obese mice given the iNOS inhibitor daily for 3 weeks had reduced energy intake and decreased body weight gain during the first week, compared to mice given saline, and lower amounts of epididymal fat at the end of 3 weeks. Inhibition of iNOS or blocking the action of iNOS‐derived NO on vagal afferent pathways might comprise therapeutic strategies for hyperphagia and obesity.