bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal regulatory protein alpha initiates cachexia through muscle to adipose tissue crosstalk
Authors: Wu Jiao , Dong Jiangling , Verzola Daniela , Hruska Keith , Garibotto Giacomo , Hu Zhaoyong , Mitch William E. , Thomas Sandhya S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMuscle wasting from chronic kidney disease (CKD) or from defective insulin signalling results in morbidity and, ultimately, mortality. We have identified an endogenous mediator of insulin resistance, signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), which leads to cachexia in mice and is associated with cachexia in patients with CKD.MethodsWe assessed insulin signalling and mechanisms causing muscle atrophy plus white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism in mouse models of CKD or acute diabetes (streptozotocin treatment). We then examined these factors in mice with global knockout (KO) of SIRPα and sought mediators of metabolic responses in muscle and adipose tissues of mice with either muscle‐specific or adipose tissue‐specific KO of SIRPα. Metabolic responses were confirmed in primary cultures of adipose cells.ResultsIn mice with CKD, SIRPα expression was increased in WAT (three‐fold, P < 0.05), and this was associated with precursors of cachexia: ‘pathologic browning', thermogenesis, and a two‐fold activation of protein kinase A (P < 0.05 vs. control mice) plus loss of adipose tissue mass. In contrast, mice with SIRPα global KO and CKD or acute diabetes experienced improved insulin signalling and activation of pAkt plus ‘physiologic browning' of WAT. These mice avoided losses of muscle and adipose tissues and experienced a 31% improvement in survival (P < 0.05) than did wild‐type mice with CKD. In muscle‐specific SIRPα KO mice with CKD, we uncovered that serum SIRPα levels (P < 0.05) were suppressed and were associated with improved insulin signalling both in skeletal muscles and in WAT. These changes were accompanied by physiologic WAT browning. However, in adipose‐specific SIRPα KO mice with CKD, levels of serum SIRPα were increased over two‐fold (P < 0.05), while muscle losses were minimally inhibited. Clinical implications of SIRPα signalling are suggested by our findings that include increased SIRPα expression in muscle and adipose tissues (P < 0.05 vs. healthy controls) plus higher SIRPα levels in the serum of patients with CKD (2.4‐fold, P=0.000017 vs. healthy controls).ConclusionsOur results show that SIRPα plays an important role as an anti‐insulin mediator regulating pathways to cachexia. In muscle‐specific SIRPα KO, changes in SIRPα serum levels seem to improve insulin signalling in muscle and WAT, suggesting crosstalk between muscle and adipose tissue. Therefore, targeting SIRPα may prevent cachexia in patients with CKD or acute diabetes.
Regulatory T cells in Crohn's disease following anti‐TNF‐α therapy
Authors: Chiba Toshimi , Endo Mikiya , Miura Shoko , Hayashi Yuko , Asakura Yoshiko , Oyama Kotaro , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: September 2019

Background and AimAnti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) therapy is an effective therapy for Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated FoxP3+ and CD127− regulatory T cells (Tregs) before and after administration of anti‐TNF‐α therapy in CD.MethodsEight patients with active CD who had received anti‐TNF‐α antibodies were enrolled. Treatment responses were followed by physical examination and Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) scoring before and 2 weeks after the initial administration of anti‐TNF‐α antibodies. Peripheral blood samples were collected before and 2 weeks after treatment. White blood cell count and serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and albumin were measured. FoxP3+ expression and CD127− Tregs were measured by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of whole blood samples.ResultsMedian values of CDAI decreased significantly after treatment. The proportion of FoxP3+ Tregs increased significantly after treatment. There was a significant negative correlation between ΔCD127− Tregs and Δlymphocyte.ConclusionsAnti‐TNF‐α therapy would enhance Tregs, which may account for the mechanism underlying the positive effect of the anti‐TNF‐α treatment in CD patients.
Metal free synthesis of 1‐azaspiro[4.4]nonane‐3‐one system via reactions of nitrones with 1,1‐disubstituted allenes
Authors: Amrutha U. , P.Babu Beneesh , Prathapan Sreedharan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the cycloaddition reaction between fluorenone N‐aryl nitrones and 1,1‐disubstituted allenes, the initially formed cycloadduct underwent facile [1,3] shift to give 1′‐phenylspiro[fluorene‐9,2′‐pyrrolidin]‐4′‐ones. Although 1′‐phenylspiro[fluorene‐9,2′‐pyrrolidin]‐4′‐ones are stable in solid state, a few of them underwent facile aerial oxidation in solution to give the corresponding 1′‐phenylspiro[fluorene‐9,2′‐pyrrolidine]‐4′,5′‐diones in excellent overall yields.
Normal myocardial native T1 values in children using single‐point saturation recovery and modified look–locker inversion recovery (MOLLI)
Authors: Burkhardt Barbara Elisabeth Ursula , Menghini Cristina , Rücker Beate , Kellenberger Christian Johannes , Valsangiacomo Buechel Emanuela Regina 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundT1 mapping is useful to quantify diffuse myocardial processes such as fibrosis, edema, storage disorders, or hemochromatosis. Normal pediatric myocardial T1 values are scarce using modified Look–Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequences and unavailable using Smart1Map, a single‐point saturation recovery sequence that measures true T1.Purpose/HypothesisTo establish normal pediatric myocardial T1 values by Smart1Map and to compare them with T1 by MOLLI.Study TypeProspective cohort study.SubjectsThirty‐four children and adolescents aged 8–18 years (14 males) without cardiovascular or inflammatory diseases.Field Strength/Sequences1.5T, MOLLI, Smart1Map.AssessmentMean T1 values of the left ventricular myocardium, the interventricular septum, and the blood pool were measured with MOLLI and Smart1Map in basal, mid‐ventricular, and apical short axis slices.Statistical TestsT1 values were compared between locations and methods by paired samples t‐tests, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), or Friedman's test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. For interobserver variability, intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation were calculated, and Bland–Altman analyses were performed.ResultsT1 values were longer by Smart1Map than by MOLLI in all measured locations (myocardium: 1191–1221 vs. 990–1042 msec; all P < 0.001). T1 in basal vs. mid‐ventricular slices differed both by MOLLI and by Smart1Map for myocardium and for blood (all P < 0.001). Myocardial T1 did not correlate with age, heart rate, right or left ventricular ejection fraction (all P > 0.05) by either method. Septal vs. total myocardial T1 values in each slice did not differ by MOLLI (basal P = 0.371; mid‐ventricular P = 0.08; apical P = 0.378) nor by Smart1Map (basal P = 0.056; mid‐ventricular P = 0.918; apical P = 0. 392), after artifacts had been carefully excluded.Data ConclusionWe established pediatric normal native T1 values using the Smart1Map sequence and compared the results with T1 mapping with MOLLI. Septal T1 values did not differ from total myocardial T1 values in each of the myocardial slices.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:897–903.
Risk scoring system with MRI for intraoperative massive hemorrhage in placenta previa and accreta
Authors: Chen Daijuan , Xu Jinfeng , Ye Pengfei , Li Mier , Duan Xia , Zhao Fumin , Liu Xinghui , Wang Xiaodong , Peng Bing 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPlacenta previa and accreta are serious obstetric conditions that are associated with a high risk of intraoperative massive hemorrhage.PurposeTo develop a scoring system for intraoperative massive hemorrhage combining MRI and clinical characteristics to predict the risk of massive hemorrhage in placenta previa and accretaStudy TypeRetrospective cohort study.SubjectsIn all, 374 patients consisting of 259 patients with placenta previa and accreta after previous cesarean section (CS) for the derivation cohort and 115 patients for the validation cohort.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T single‐shot fast spin‐echo sequence. [Correction added on October 23, 2019, after first online publication: The field strength in the preceding sentence was corrected.]AssessmentUsing the derivation cohort, clinical and MRI data were collected and multivariable logistic regressions analysis was conducted to develop a scoring system for prediction of intraoperative massive bleeding (blood loss volume > 2000 mL). Finally, the scoring system was validated on 115 patients.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, X
2 statistics, multivariable analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsTen indicators, including clinically maternal age (1 point), preoperative hemoglobin level (1 point), gravidity number (1 point), number of CS (1 point), and MRI T2 dark intraplacental bands (4 points), cervical canal length (3 points), placenta thickness on the uterine scar area (4 points), empty vascular shadow of the uterus (1 point), low signal discontinuity in the muscular layer of the posterior wall of the bladder (6 points) and attachment position of the placenta (1 point) were imputed. From the ROC analysis, a total score of 7 points was identified as the optimal cutoff value, allowing good differentiation of intraoperative massive bleeding in the derivation cohort (AUC, 0.863; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.811–0.916) and in the validation cohort (AUC, 0.933; 95% CI: 0.885–0.980).Data ConclusionThe scoring system for intraoperative massive hemorrhage consists of MRI and clinical indicators, and using a cutoff value of 7 points for a high risk of massive bleeding, the developed scoring system could accurately assess the risk of intraoperative massive hemorrhage in patients with placenta previa and accreta. This scoring system can potentially reduce the incidence of intraoperative massive bleeding by identifying patients at high risk.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:947–958.
re: Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) of the Cesarean‐Scarred Uterus in vivo at 3T: Comparison Study of DTI Parameters Between Nonpregnant and Pregnant Cases
Authors: Wnorowski Amelia M. 
Published: September 2019

Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:131–132.
A parallel FFT‐accelerated layered‐medium integral‐equation solver for electronic packages
Authors: Liu Chang , Aygün Kemal , Yılmaz Ali E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA parallel iterative layered‐medium integral‐equation solver is presented for fast and scalable network parameter extraction of electronic packages. The solver, which relies on a 2‐D fast Fourier transform (FFT)‐based algorithm and a sparse preconditioner to reduce computational complexity, is parallelized using three workload decomposition strategies, including a pencil decomposition that increases the scalability of the computationally dominant FFT‐based multiplication stage. A set of increasingly difficult benchmark problems, which require network parameter computations forNtrace = 1to 257 package‐scale interconnects, are solved on a petaflop scale computer to quantify the solver's accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. The total serialized computation time is observed to scale asymptotically as. For the largest problem, using ~1.14 million unknowns and 1536 processes, the solver requires a wall‐clock time of ~0.05 s per iteration, ~1 minute per excitation, ~9 h per frequency, and ~424 hours to extract the 514‐port network parameters at 40 sample frequencies between 1 to 40 GHz.
Supersize me? Franchisee size and voluntary compliance with corporate brand‐building initiatives
Authors: Massimino Brett , Lawrence Benjamin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe examine the effects of a franchisee's size, distance from headquarters, and local competition on voluntary compliance with corporate brand‐building initiatives at the outlet level. Specifically, we consider compliance with a corporate social responsibility effort to solicit charitable donations at the time of retail checkout, measuring compliance performance as the amount of donations received at each outlet. Our analysis utilizes an objective, longitudinal sample of 777 franchised outlets in a national quick‐service restaurant chain. Surprisingly, we find that distance from headquarters is positively related to compliance; we relate this finding to recent, extant research on geographic distances and franchisee behaviors. We find the beneficial effects of larger, multiunit franchisees are mitigated as franchisees' geographic distances from headquarters increase; we relate these findings to horizontal agency within franchising systems. We further find that franchised outlets in more competitive markets comply less with brand‐building initiatives, even less so when part of a larger franchisee network. Our results underscore the important moderating role franchisee size plays in outlets' compliance, which we link back to extant perspectives on agency theory. Supplemental analyses consider tensions between compliance and operational efficiency, as well as effects of hypothesized factors on another mandatory form of compliance.
Murine Axial Compression Tibial Loading Model to Study Bone Mechanobiology: Implementing the Model and Reporting Results
Authors: Main Russell P. , Shefelbine Sandra J. , Meakin Lee B. , Silva Matthew J. , van der Meulen Marjolein C. H. , Willie Bettina M. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIn vivo, tibial loading in mice is increasingly used to study bone adaptation and mechanotransduction. To achieve standardized and defined experimental conditions, loading parameters and animal‐related factors must be considered when performing in vivo loading studies. In this review, we discuss these loading and animal‐related experimental conditions, present methods to assess bone adaptation, and suggest reporting guidelines. This review originated from presentations by each of the authors at the workshop “Developing Best Practices for Mouse Models of In Vivo Loading” during the Preclinical Models Section at the Orthopaedic Research Society Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 2017. Following the meeting, the authors engaged in detailed discussions with consideration of relevant literature. The guidelines and recommendations in this review are provided to help researchers perform in vivo loading experiments in mice, and thus further our knowledge of bone adaptation and the mechanisms involved in mechanotransduction. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:233‐252, 2020
Case series of immunosuppressant drug interactions with flucloxacillin in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Gellatly Rochelle M , Yoo Sookyung , Bergin Peter , Leet Angeline 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAfter heart transplantation, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) recommends calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)‐based immunosuppressant therapy with mycophenolate or a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. Both CNIs and mTOR inhibitors are extensively metabolised by the cytochrome P450 enzyme pathway and are substrates of P‐glycoprotein (PGP), making drug interactions with these therapies an important consideration. Herein we report four cases of probable drug interactions between tacrolimus and everolimus with flucloxacillin in orthotopic heart transplant recipients. The effects were subtherapeutic immunosuppressant concentrations and cellular rejection.Clinical detailsAll four heart transplant recipients received intravenous (IV) flucloxacillin for methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infections in conjunction with immunosuppression regimens containing everolimus and/or tacrolimus. Despite tacrolimus and everolimus dose adjustments, Grade 2R rejection was diagnosed in all four patients in association with subtherapeutic immunosuppressant concentrations.OutcomesA considerable increase in tacrolimus and everolimus trough concentrations was observed following cessation of IV flucloxacillin. The rise in concentrations occurred despite no change in or dose reductions of immunosuppressants. A possible mechanism for the interaction is via pregnane X receptor activation.ConclusionThese cases provide support that flucloxacillin significantly reduces tacrolimus and everolimus trough concentrations in heart transplant recipients. Dosage adjustments and close monitoring of drug concentrations or consideration of alternative antimicrobial therapy is required to avoid episodes of rejection or adverse events upon commencing and ceasing flucloxacillin therapy.
Effect of Emulsification on Surfactant Partitioning in Surfactant‐Polymer Flooding
Authors: Li Jierui , Liu Weidong , Sun Linghui , Cong Sunan , Jia Ruixuan , Zhang Junjie , Yang Ye 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA laboratory surfactant‐polymer flooding experiment was performed to study the effect of emulsification on surfactant partitioning. The partition coefficient of petroleum sulfonates (KPS) after emulsification was significantly higher than that under static conditions. The partition coefficient of KPS gradually decreases with the increase of polymer concentration from 1000–3000 mg L−1, indicating that the increase of polymer concentration could protect KPS from the partition loss of emulsification. The lower the oil–water ratio, the higher the partition coefficient. The partition coefficient of KPS of resin and asphaltene was higher than that of crude oil. Alkanes, aromatics, and other polar components in crude oil have a significant influence on the partition of KPS.
Study of the Antioxidative Properties of Several Amino Acid‐Type Surfactants and their Synergistic Effect in Mixed Micelle
Authors: Ohta Akio , Hossain Faisal , Asakawa Hitoshi , Asakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCysteine and methionine, two sulfur‐containing amino acids (AA), were introduced in their surfactant forms as potential antioxidants. The antioxidative (AOX) properties of lauroyl methionine (C12‐Met) and lauroyl cysteine (C12‐Cys) was investigated by means of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay. Both the surfactants exhibited excellent AOX behavior at the premicellar state and micellar medium. The AOX behavior was found to be comparable for both the surfactants at their premicellar states. However, in micellar medium, C12‐Met showed better AOX property than C12‐Cys. The AOX power of the surfactants was compared with other previously developed AA‐type surfactants. The order of the AOX power was found to be: C12‐tryptophan > C12‐tyrosine ≈ C12‐methionine ≈ C12‐cysteine > C12‐histidine at the premicellar state and C12‐tryptophan > C12‐tyrosine > C12‐methionine > C12‐cysteine > C12‐histidine at the micellar state. C12‐Cys displayed lower AOX property in micellar medium due to its dimer formation tendency. Based on the HPLC and UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS analysis, the dimer formation of C12‐Cys was found to be accelerated due to the micellar environment and results into negative synergistic effect on other aromatic AA‐type surfactants. However, the presence of C12‐His in the micellar solution of C12‐Cys resulted no synergistic effect due to stronger H‐bonding between the surfactants and resulting less dimer formation.
Comprehensive stability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection method for simultaneous determination of amprolium hydrochloride and ethopabate in powder dosage form for veterinary use
Authors: Baker Mostafa M. , El‐Kafrawy Dina S. , Abdel‐Khalek Magdi M. , Belal Tarek S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis research deals with the development of a stability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of amprolium hydrochloride and ethopabate. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive stability‐indicating method has been reported for analysis of this mixture. Separation was achieved using Kromasil cyano column with gradient elution of the mobile phase composed of sodium hexane sulfonate solution and methanol. Quantification was based on measuring peak areas at 266 nm. Amprolium and ethopabate peaks eluted at retention times 10.42 and 18.53 min, respectively. The proposed procedure was validated with respect to system suitability, linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection, and quantification limits. Linearity ranges for amprolium and ethopabate were 1.5–240 and 1–160 μg/mL, respectively. Analytes were subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation and thermal degradation. The proposed method enabled resolution of drugs from their forced‐degradation products and amprolium related substance (2‐picoline). Moreover, specificity was verified by resolution of the analytes from about 22 drugs used in antimicrobial veterinary products. The validated method was successfully applied to assay of the combined veterinary powder dosage form, additionally it was implemented in the accelerated stability study of the dosage form when stored for six months at 40°C and 75% relative humidity.
Analysis of dihydroindole‐type alkaloids in Strychnos nux‐vomica unprocessed and processed seeds by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry
Authors: Jiang Xin , Tian Ji‐Xin , Wang Min , Tian Yuan , Zhang Zun‐Jian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ripened seeds of Strychnos nux‐vomica L. have been extensively used as herbal medicines in Asian countries. Dihydroindole‐type alkaloids are not only the active constituents but also the toxicants in Strychnos. However, the simultaneous determination of these alkaloids in both crude and processed Semen Strychni is still lacking. The present study represents the first quantitation and relative quantitation assay of 12 dihydroindole‐type alkaloids in Strychnos nux‐vomica unprocessed and sand‐processed seeds using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry. The relative concentration of ten alkaloids was calculated by semi‐quantification using the internal standard and their amounts in unprocessed and detoxified Semen Strychni were compared. We report here for the first time the significant increase of the two alkaloids, 19‐N‐methyl‐strychnine, and 2,3‐dimethoxy‐19‐N‐methyl‐strychnine, during the processing of Semen Strychni. Our study provides new insight into the true complexity of seed processing procedure and valuable information for assessing the efficacy and safety for clinical applications of Semen Strychni‐containing drugs.
A modernism‐based interpretation of sustainable tourism
Authors: Zhang Shiqin , Chan Eric S.W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo promote knowledge creation and transfer, this study adopts a modernism‐based interpretation to reduce the conceptual vagueness and the terminological confusion of sustainable tourism. On the basis of the intensional definition techniques, namely, etymology and genus‐and‐differentia, the precising and theoretical definition of sustainable tourism was constructed. Specifically, sustainable tourism was identified as a resource‐concerned tourism development ethic with human needs for growth, ideology for continuity, and global context as main constructs. This conceptual framework levels up sustainable tourism as a tourism development concern rather than a specific tourism form, thereby contributing to consistent communication in both academia and practices.