bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse nesting ecology: wind energy and habitat
Authors: Proett Matt , Roberts Shane B. , Horne Jon S. , Koons David N. , Messmer Terry A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe rapid pace of wind‐energy development has increased stakeholder concerns regarding the potential effects on wildlife. Locations targeted for wind‐energy development frequently overlap prairie grouse and greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) habitats. Research suggests that anthropogenic developments may have negative effects on these species. There is, however, no information published regarding the effect of wind‐energy development on Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus), a subspecies that has twice been petitioned for Endangered Species Act protection. To address this need, from 2014 to 2015 we studied Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse nesting ecology across restored grasslands in eastern Idaho, USA, where a 215‐turbine wind‐energy complex had been developed. We monitored 147 nests from 135 females captured at leks 0.1–13.8 km from wind turbines. We used an information‐theoretic approach to evaluate the influence of wind‐energy infrastructure and habitat characteristics on nest‐site selection and daily nest survival. We did not detect any influence of wind‐energy infrastructure on nest‐site selection or nest survival. Nest‐site selection and daily nest survival were influenced by vegetation structure and composition measured at 2 spatial scales. Females selected nest sites with more restored grassland containing >30% forb cover within the nesting core‐use area (i.e., 60 ha around the nest) and exhibited a functional response to the availability of that land cover type. Daily nest survival was best predicted by visual obstruction at the nest site and the amount of restored grassland containing >30% forb cover within the nesting core‐use area. We recommend wildlife managers continue to implement management practices that will provide bunchgrass‐dominated grasslands with >30% forb cover in restored grasslands (e.g., Conservation Reserve Program fields) within Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse range. © The Wildlife Society, 2019
Is it common for charge recombination to be faster than charge separation?
Authors: Espinoza Eli M. , Bao Duoduo , Krzeszewski Maciej , Gryko Daniel T. , Vullev Valentine I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAttaining long‐lived charge‐transfer (CT) states is of the utmost importance for energy science, photocatalysis, and materials engineering. When charge separation (CS) is slower than consequent charge recombination (CR), formation of a CT state is not apparent, yet the CT process provides parallel pathways for deactivation of electronically excited systems. The nuclear, or Franck‐Condon (FC), contributions to the CT kinetics, as implemented by various formalisms based on the Marcus transition‐state theory, provide an excellent platform for designing systems that produce long‐lived CT states. Such approaches, however, tend to underestimate the complexity of alternative parameters that govern CT kinetics. Here we show a comparative analysis of two systems that have quite similar FC CT characteristics but manifest distinctly different CT kinetics. A decrease in the donor‐acceptor electronic coupling during the charge‐separation step provides an alternative route for slowing down undesired charge recombination. These examples suggest that, while infrequently reported and discussed, cases where CR is faster than CS are not necessarily rare occurrences.
Episodic hypoxia in the western basin of Lake Erie
Authors: Jabbari Aidin , Ackerman Josef D. , Boegman Leon , Zhao Yingming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHypoxic conditions continue to be an environmental concern in lakes, including those with shallow and well‐mixed basins, such as the western basin of Lake Erie, in which hypoxia is not anticipated. We investigated the dynamics and causes of hypoxia using field measurements at two locations in the western basin during the late summer of 2017. Two hypoxic events (dissolved oxygen [DO] concentrations < 2 mg L−1) were recorded that were caused by upwelling of hypolimnetic water from the central basin of the lake following winds from the south and southwest. In this case, instantaneous stratification occurred when cool central basin water (i.e., 15.7°C) intruded as a 2.5‐m‐thick layer above the bottom under the warm western basin waters (i.e., 23.9°C). A third hypoxic event, which was associated with more typical thermal stratification from atmospheric warming, occurred during a calm and warm period near the end of the deployment. In this case, we observed a continuous decline in hypolimnetic DO from ≈ 8 to < 5 mg L−1, which likely declined to < 2 mg L−1 in 14 d using a one‐dimensional model. Interbasin exchange flows generated instantaneous hypoxia multiple times within a year and were the dominate cause (63% of 11 cases) of hypoxia identified during August fishing trawls in the study area over the past 30 yr. Results of this work should help with the prediction and understanding of hypoxia in lakes with multiple basins, which will be informative for water quality and fisheries management.
A µ‐XANES study of the combined oxidation/sulfidation of Fe–Cr model alloys
Authors: Weber Kathrin , Guilherme Buzanich Ana , Radtke Martin , Reinholz Uwe , Stephan‐Scherb Christiane 
Published: May 2019

The precise analysis of cation diffusion profiles through corrosion scales is an important aspect to evaluate corrosion phenomena under multicomponent chemical load, as during high‐temperature corrosion under deposits and salts. The present study shows a comprehensive analysis of cation diffusion profiles by electron microprobe analysis and microbeam X‐ray absorption near edge structure (µ‐XANES) spectroscopy in mixed oxide/sulfide scales grown on Fe–Cr model alloys after exposing them to 0.5% SO2. The results presented here correspond to depth‐dependent phase identification of oxides and sulfides in the corrosion scales by µ‐XANES and the description of oxidation‐state‐dependent diffusion profiles. Scales grown on low‐ and high‐alloyed materials show both a well‐pronounced diffusion profile with a high concentration of Fe3+ at the gas and a high concentration of Fe2+ at the alloy interface. The distribution of the cations within a close‐packed oxide lattice is strongly influencing the lattice diffusion phenomena due to their different oxidation states and therefore different crystal‐field preference energies. This issue is discussed based on the results obtained by µ‐XANES analysis.
Synthesis of Diblock and Triblock Polymers from Cyclooctadiene and Norbornene Via ROMP in Miniemulsion
Authors: Torres‐Rocha Olga Lidia , Wu Xiaowei , Zhu Chunyang , Crudden Cathleen M. , Cunningham Michael F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of diblock and triblock linear polyolefins via ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in an aqueous nanoparticle dispersion is presented. The different block polyolefins are synthesized from the cyclic olefins 1,5‐cyclooctadiene and norbornene (NB), using a water‐soluble TEGylated ruthenium alkylidene catalyst, yielding the structures PCOD‐b‐PNB, PNB‐b‐PCOD, and PCOD‐b‐PNB‐b‐PCOD. High monomer conversion (>90%), monitored by NMR, is achieved in relatively short times (≈1 h) for the polymerization of each block. The livingness of the system, essential to obtain block copolymers, is confirmed by gel permeation chromatography. Latex particles' size during the multiple steps range between 90 and 150 nm. The results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain nanoparticle latexes from ROMP‐based monomers with block copolymer architectures, creating the opportunity to copolymerize olefins bearing different functional groups for the synthesis of new materials.
A One‐Pot Polymerization for Concurrently Inducing Predominant Helicity in Optically Inactive Helical Polymer and Constructing Graphene‐Based Chiral Hybrid Foams
Authors: Li Pengpeng , Ma Zongwen , Mei Song , Pan Kai , Deng Jianping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSynthetic chiral helical polymers have achieved impressive progress in past few decades. Unfortunately, how to construct chiral helical polymer‐derived functional materials still remains highly challenging. The present contribution reports an unprecedented, one‐step strategy for judiciously combining chiral helical polymer with graphene to construct chiral hybrid foams. Graphene oxide (GO), ascorbic acid (L‐AA), Rh catalyst, and an achiral acetylenic monomer bearing phenylboronic acid group are mixed in an aqueous dispersion. Under mild conditions, the monomer underwent polymerization; meanwhile GO transforms into reduced graphene oxide (RGO) which in situ self‐assembles to construct a 3D porous structure. Herein, L‐AA simultaneously plays double roles: 1) working as a chiral source for the monomer to undergo helix‐sense‐selective polymerization or transferring its chirality to the polymer chains via forming borate structure; and 2) working as a reducing agent for reducing GO. The preparation strategy combines four processes into one single step: monomer polymerization, chirality transfer, reduction of GO, and RGO's self‐assembly. The eventually obtained chiral hybrid foams demonstrate advantages of porous structure, chirality, and reversible borate functional groups. The established preparation strategy promises a potent platform for conveniently constructing advanced chiral polymeric materials and even chiral hybrids starting from achiral monomers.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of bacterioplankton community composition in a subtropical dammed karst river of southwestern China
Authors: Yu Shi , He Ruoxue , Song Ang , Huang Yadan , Jin Zhenjiang , Liang Yueming , Li Qiang , Wang Xiaohong , Müller Werner E. G. , Cao Jianhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRiver damming influences the hydro‐physicochemical variations in karst water; however, such disruption in bacterioplankton communities has seldom been studied. Here, three sampling sites (city‐river section, reservoir area, and outflow area) of the Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3−–SO42− water type in the dammed Liu River were selected to investigate the bacterioplankton community composition as identified by high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the dammed Liu River, thermal regimes have been altered, which has resulted in considerable spatial‐temporal differences in total dissolved solids (TDSs), oxidation‐reduction potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH and in a different microenvironment for bacterioplankton. Among the dominant bacterioplankton phyla, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria account for 38.99%–87.24%, 3.75%–36.55%, 4.77%–38.90%, and 0%–14.44% of the total reads (mean relative frequency), respectively. Bacterioplankton communities are dominated by Brevundimonas, Novosphingobium, Zymomonas, the Actinobacteria hgcIclade, the CL500‐29 marine group, Sediminibacterium, Flavobacterium, Pseudarcicella, Cloacibacterium, and Prochlorococcus. Their abundances covary with spatial‐temporal variations in hydro‐physicochemical factors, as also demonstrated by beta diversity analyses. In addition, temperature plays a pivotal role in maintaining bacterioplankton biodiversity and hydro‐physicochemical variations. This result also highlights the concept that ecological niches for aquatic bacteria in dammed karst rivers do not accidentally occur but are the result of a suite of environmental forces. In addition, bacterioplankton can alter the aquatic carbon/nitrogen cycle and contribute to karst river metabolism.
Bottom Currents Affect Spanner Crab Catch Rates in Southern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Spencer David M. , Brown Ian W. , Doubell Mark J. , McGarvey Richard , Lee Shing Y. , Lemckert Charles J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
During daily fishing operations, spanner crab Ranina ranina catch rates can fluctuate substantially, but the environmental drivers responsible for these fluctuations largely remain unresolved. Earlier research suggests that spanner crab catchability increases with strengthening currents, but uncertainties surround the magnitude of the measured current speeds and, consequently, their relationship with catch rates. Here, we explore the effects of bottom currents on spanner crab catch rates in South East Queensland, Australia. Using generalized additive mixed modeling, our results indicated that strengthening current speeds increased catch rates until reaching approximately 0.15 m/s, at which point the catch rates began to gradually decline. Results from a general linear regression model also showed that between fishing periods carried out on the same day, catch rates increased or decreased concurrently with current speeds. We conclude that bottom current speed should be considered in future stock assessment models. Better understanding the processes responsible for changes in bottom current speed will enable more accurate estimates of spanner crab population densities in the Australian fishery and will benefit the economic efficiency of commercial crabbing operations. Furthermore, future studies that investigate the effects of current speed on catch rates for other crab species should consider differences in locomotory characteristics and how they may impact the foraging efficiency of crabs under different flow conditions.
Cognitive Functional Abilities in Parkinson's Disease: Agreement Between Patients and Informants
Authors: Deck Benjamin L. , Xie Sharon X. , Choi Gyujae , Rick Jacqueline , Siderowf Andrew , Rudovsky Samuel , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Duda John E. , Morley James F. , Dahodwala Nabila , Trojanowski John Q. , Weintraub Daniel 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Penn Parkinson's Daily Activities Questionnaire‐15 (PDAQ‐15) assesses cognition‐related instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesTo assess the degree and predictors of disagreement between patients (PT) and knowledgeable informants (KI) on the PDAQ‐15.MethodsWe recruited 254 PT and KI pairs (PT‐KI), determined predictors of agreement, and compared scores to a performance‐based functional measure (Direct Assessment of Functional Status [DAFS]; N = 61).ResultsPT and KI total score (intraclass correlation = 0.57) and individual item (Cohen's kappa = 0.46–0.62) agreement were moderate. Patient depression, global cognition, and caregiver burden (all P < 0.05), predicted PT‐KI discrepancy. PT‐KI discrepancy was highest in patients with a dementia diagnosis, followed by mild cognitive impairment and then normal cognition (all P < 0.01), with PT rating themselves relatively more functionally intact as cognition worsened. DAFS performance was more highly correlated with KI (r = 0.82; P < 0.001) than PT (r = 0.62; P < 0.001) PDAQ‐15 score.ConclusionsOur results support using KI as proxies when assessing cognitive IADLs in PD PTs, particularly in cases of more advanced cognitive decline.
Genetic analysis in the bariatric clinic; impact of a PTEN gene mutation
Authors: Cooiman Mellody I. , Kleinendorst Lotte , van der Zwaag Bert , Janssen Ignace M. C. , Berends Frits J. , van Haelst Mieke M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic PTEN gene mutations are known to cause PTEN tumor hamartoma syndrome. Recent studies also suggest a role for PTEN mutations in the pathogenesis of obesity. No PTEN mutations have been reported among bariatric surgery patients and obesity treatment results are unknown. Since preventive screening for associated tumors is offered to patients with molecular proven PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, recognition of this condition in the bariatric surgery clinic is important.MethodWe present a patient with morbid obesity who carries a known pathogenic PTEN mutation, identified at the bariatric surgery clinic using an obesity gene panel consisting of 52 obesity–associated genes. We analyzed the weight loss response during the first 3 years after Sleeve Gastrectomy.ResultsAt 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery, the patient achieved a Total Body Weight Loss of 39.4%, 48.8% and 44.9%, respectively. This corresponds to the results of a control group of 18 female patients with normal genetic test results.ConclusionOur patient illustrates the importance of recognizing this serious genetic condition for which preventive cancer screening options are available. The positive weight loss results after Sleeve Gastrectomy suggest that this could be a successful treatment option for obesity patients with PTEN mutations.
A case of combined 21‐hydroxylase deficiency and CHARGE syndrome featuring micropenis and cryptorchidism
Authors: Umino Satoko , Kitamura Miyuki , Katoh‐Fukui Yuko , Fukami Maki , Usui Takeshi , Yatsuga Shuichi , Koga Yasutoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground21‐hydroxylase deficiency (21‐OHD) is caused due to CYP21A2 gene variant. In males, the excess androgens produce varying degrees of penile enlargement and small testes. CHARGE syndrome (CS) has a broad spectrum of symptoms. In males, genital features such as micropenis and cryptorchidism are found in 48% of CS. There are no reports of patients with combined 21‐OHD and CS; therefore, it is unknown whether the external genitalia shows penile enlargement or micropenis with/without cryptorchidism.CaseA boy, born at 37 weeks and 5 days of gestational age with no consanguineous marriage, was admitted to our hospital due to congenital cleft lip, cleft palate, micropenis, cryptorchidism, and a ventricular septal defect. He had severe hyponatremia and hyperkalemia on day 10. He was diagnosed to have 21‐OHD and CS. His external genitalia demonstrated both cryptorchidism and micropenis, but not penile enlargement.MethodsDNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes using standard procedures. Sanger sequence was performed in CYP21A2. Exome sequence was performed, and then, Sanger sequence was performed around variant in CHD7.ResultsGenetic screening for CYP21A2 gene was performed and compound heterozygous variants of c.293‐13A/C>G (IVS2‐13A/C>G) and c.518T>A (p.I172N) were detected in chromosome 6p21.3. His mother had been heterozygous variant of c.293‐13A/C>G, and his father had been heterozygous variant of c.518T>A. Simultaneously, a de novo splicing acceptor alteration in c.7165–4 A>G, in chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein‐7 (CHD7), located in chromosome 8q12 was detected, and the patient was diagnosed with 21‐OHD and CS.ConclusionAlthough these two disorders exhibit different modes of inheritance and their co‐morbidity is extremely rare, we encountered one male patient who suffered from both 21‐OHD and CS.
Characterization of EBT3 radiochromic films for dosimetry of proton beams in the presence of magnetic fields
Authors: Padilla‐Cabal Fatima , Kuess Peter , Georg Dietmar , Palmans Hugo , Fetty Lukas , Fuchs Hermann 
Published: May 2019

PurposeRadiochromic film dosimetry is extensively used for quality assurance in photon and proton beam therapy. So far, GafchromicTM EBT3 film appears as a strong candidate to be used in future magnetic resonance (MR) based therapy systems. The response of Gafchromic EBT3 films in the presence of magnetic fields has already been addressed for different MR‐linacs systems. However, a detailed evaluation of the influence of external magnetic fields on the film response and calibration curves for proton therapy has not yet been reported. This study aims to determine the dose responses of EBT3 films for clinical proton beams exposed to magnetic field strengths up to 1 T in order to investigate the feasibility of EBT3 film as an accurate dosimetric tool for a future MR particle therapy system (MRPT).MethodsThe dosimetric characteristics of EBT3 films were studied for a proton beam passing through magnetic field strengths of B = 0, 0.5, and 1 T. Absorbed dose calibration and measurements were performed using clinical proton beams in the nominal energy range of 62.4–252.6 MeV. Irradiations were done using an in‐house developed PMMA slab phantom placed in the center of a dipole research magnet. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using the GATE/Geant4 toolkit were performed to predict the effect of magnetic fields on the energy deposited by proton beams in the phantom. Planned and measured doses from 3D box cube irradiations were compared to assess the accuracy of the dosimetric method using EBT3 films with/without the external magnetic field.ResultsNeither for the mean pixel value nor for the net optical density, any significant deviations were observed due to the presence of an external magnetic field (B ≤ 1T) for doses up to 10 Gy. Dose‐response curves for the red channel were fitted by a three‐parameter function for the field‐free case and for B = 1T, showing for both cases an R‐square coefficient of unity and almost identical fitting parameters. Independently of the magnetic field, EBT3 films showed an under‐response as high as 8% in the Bragg peak region, similarly to previously reported effects for particle therapy. No noticeable influence of the magnetic field strength was observed on the quenching effect of the EBT3 films.ConclusionsFor the first time detailed absorbed dose calibrations of EBT3 films for proton beams in magnetic field regions were performed. Results showed that EBT3 films represent an attractive solution for the dosimetry of a future MRPT system. As film response functions for protons are not affected by the magnetic field strenght, they can be used for further investigations to evaluate the dosimetric effects induced due to particle beams bending in magnetic fields regions.