bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who said dialogue conversations are easy? The communication between communication vulnerable people and health‐care professionals: A qualitative study
Authors: Stans Steffy E. A. , Dalemans Ruth J. P. , Roentgen Uta R. , Smeets Hester W. H. , Beurskens Anna J. H. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo gain insight into how communication vulnerable people and health‐care professionals experience the communication in dialogue conversations, and how they adjust their conversation using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) or other communication strategies.MethodsCommunication vulnerable clients and health‐care professionals in a long‐term care institution were observed during a dialogue conversation (n = 11) and subsequently interviewed (n = 22) about their experiences with the conversation. The clients had various communication difficulties due to different underlying aetiologies, such as acquired brain injury or learning disorder. Results from the observations and interviews were analysed using conventional content analysis.ResultsSeven key themes emerged regarding the experiences of clients and professionals: clients blame themselves for miscommunications; the relevance of both parties preparing the conversation; a quiet and familiar environment benefitting communication; giving clients enough time; the importance and complexity of nonverbal communication; the need to tailor communication to the client; prejudices and inexperience regarding AAC. The observations showed that some professionals had difficulties using appropriate communication strategies and all professionals relied mostly on verbal or nonverbal communication strategies.ConclusionProfessionals were aware of the importance of preparation, sufficient time, a suitable environment and considering nonverbal communication in dialogue conversations. However, they struggled with adequate use of communication strategies, such as verbal communication and AAC. There is a lack of knowledge about AAC, and professionals and clients need to be informed about the potential of AAC and how this can help them achieve equal participation in dialogue conversations in addition to other communication strategies.
Interlaboratory round robin study on axial tensile properties of SiC‐SiC CMC tubular test specimens
Authors: Singh Gyanender , Gonczy Steve , Deck Christian , Lara‐Curzio Edgar , Katoh Yutai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn interlaboratory round robin study was conducted on the tensile strength of SiC‐SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) tubular test specimens at room temperature with the objective of expanding the database of mechanical properties of nuclear grade SiC‐SiC and establishing the precision and bias statement for standard test method ASTM C1773. The mechanical properties statistics from the round robin study and the precision statistics and precision statement are presented herein. The data show reasonable consistency across the laboratories, indicating that the current C1773‐13 ASTM standard is adequate for testing ceramic fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite tubular test specimen. It was found that the distribution of ultimate tensile strength data was best described with a two‐parameter Weibull distribution, while a lognormal distribution provided a good description of the distribution of proportional limit stress data.
Evaluating heat tolerance of a complete set of wheat‐Aegilops geniculata chromosome addition lines
Authors: Green A. , Friebe B. , Prasad P. V. V. , Fritz A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHeat stress limits wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield potential in many areas of the world, and wild relatives represent an important novel source of genetic tolerance. In a previous study of various Aegilops species, an accession of Aegilops geniculata, TA2899, was reported to be heat tolerant. Prior to that, a complete set of wheat‐Ae. geniculata chromosome addition lines were developed using the same accession. The objective of this study was to screen the full set of addition lines to identify the chromosome(s) which carried the heat tolerance. The addition lines, Chinese Spring, as well as heat tolerant, and susceptible controls were screened twice for post‐anthesis heat tolerance in growth chambers. Genotypes varied for temperature treatment (p < .05), but no differences were found between Chinese Spring and the addition lines. Additionally, no genotypes were superior to positive controls for grain fill duration. The proposed reason is that the TA2899 which was previously identified as heat tolerant should be reclassified as Aegilops peregrina. This is supported by spike morphology and marker correlations using genotyping‐by‐sequencing. Despite negative results, the methodology is valid and the results remain important to report, if for no other reason than to prevent another researcher from investigating this question.
Learning and engagement in a gamified course: Investigating the effects of student characteristics
Authors: Davis K. , Sridharan H. , Koepke L. , Singh S. , Boiko R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe current study investigated college students' experiences of a gamified informatics course. We surveyed 139 students aged 18–31 years (M = 20 years, SD = 1.5) enrolled in an undergraduate informatics course focused on social networking technologies. Surveys were conducted at 3 time points during the course (beginning, middle, and end). Overall, we found positive trends with respect to students' perceptions of gamification's impact on their learning, achievement, and engagement in the course material. Although students who played and identified variously with recreational games were more alike than not, we did uncover one notable difference with respect to how students' gaming frequency impacted their engagement in the course. Nongamers expressed somewhat less motivation to do well in the course than frequent gamers. For all other measures of engagement, however, nongamers appeared to be equally engaged by the gamified format of the course as gamers. There were virtually no differences between male and female students' perceptions of gamification. This study contributes new insight into the conditions under which gamification succeeds or fails in educational settings. These insights will be useful to designers and instructors of gamified learning environments as they seek to engage and support a variety of learners.
Mutation accumulation in populations of varying size: large effect mutations cause most mutational decline in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus under UV‐C radiation
Authors: Luijckx Pepijn , Ho Eddie K. H. , Stanić Andrijana , Agrawal Aneil F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTheory predicts that fitness decline via mutation accumulation will depend on population size, but there are only a few direct tests of this key idea. To gain a qualitative understanding of the fitness effect of new mutations, we performed a mutation accumulation experiment with the facultative sexual rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus at six different population sizes under UV‐C radiation. Lifetime reproduction assays conducted after ten and sixteen UV‐C radiations showed that while small populations lost fitness, fitness losses diminished rapidly with increasing population size. Populations kept as low as 10 individuals were able to maintain fitness close to the nonmutagenized populations throughout the experiment indicating that selection was able to remove the majority of large effect mutations in small populations. Although our results also seem to imply that small populations are effectively immune to mutational decay, we caution against this interpretation. Given sufficient time, populations of moderate to large size can experience declines in fitness from accumulating weakly deleterious mutations as demonstrated by fitness estimates from simulations and, tentatively, from a long‐term experiment with populations of moderate size. There is mounting evidence to suggest that mutational distributions contain a heavier tail of large effects. Our results suggest that this is also true when the mutational spectrum is altered by UV radiation.
Reported analgesic and anaesthetic administration to non‐human primates undergoing experimental surgical procedure: 2010‐2015
Authors: Bertrand Henri Georges Michel Justin , Sandersen Charlotte , Flecknell Paul Andrew 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe use of non‐human primates (NHPs) in research remains a major societal concern with public expectations that appropriate anaesthetics and analgesics are used to minimize any pain or distress caused to animals undergoing invasive procedures. A literature review was conducted to examine the reporting of anaesthesia and analgesia methods used in non‐human primates undergoing surgical procedures, with recovery from anaesthesia.MethodsA total of 397 papers from peer‐review journals published between 2010 and 2015 were examined.ResultsOnly 25.9% of papers reported the analgesic regimen used, with carprofen and buprenorphine the 2 most widely used agents. Reporting of the anaesthetic regimens was included in 49.9% of papers. Ketamine and isoflurane were the most frequently used anaesthetic agents.ConclusionsAnaesthetic and analgesic regimens administered to NHPs remain poorly reported. This lack of detailed descriptions of protocols does little to reassure the public or regulatory authorities that appropriate high standards of perioperative care are employed.
The food regime in late colonial Philippines: Pathways of appropriation and unpaid work
Authors: Camba Alvin A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractI argue that food regimes need to take into account the production relations of paid and unpaid work. As an angle of vision, I use the historical geography of late colonial Philippines (1901–1941) to show how paid and unpaid work in food production was not discrete and separated processes but rather conjoined moments of capital accumulation. The colonial regime—in this context, American colonial government, U.S. agribusinesses, and Filipino landed elites—utilized state power, customary land relations, and commodity‐specific characteristics to appropriate vast amounts of unpaid work from agrarian classes of Philippine labour and draft animals towards the exploitation of commodified labour power. These processes not only produced considerable quantities of coconut and sugar products that were exported to the American consumer market, sold at cheaper prices, and contributed to the profitability of U.S. agribusiness elites but also allowed the colonial regime to efficiently expand commodity production across the islands. The more the American capitalists and Philippine elites invested in Philippine agriculture, the more they appropriated unpaid work from the agrarian classes of labour.
Seroepidemiological map of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in preconception period in China: A nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhou Qiongjie , Wang Qiaomei , Shen Haiping , Zhang Yiping , Zhang Shikun , Li Xiaotian , Acharya Ganesh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to investigate the regional differences in seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in preconception period among Chinese women of reproductive age and to evaluate associated risk factors.MethodsThis national, population‐based, cross‐sectional serosurvey covered all 31 provinces and province‐level municipalities in Mainland China. Married women intending to get pregnant within 6 months between 2010 and 2012 were recruited. Information on demographic characteristics (age, place of residence, occupation, dietary habits and exposure to cat) was obtained using interviews, and venous blood samples were collected to screen for Toxoplasma gondii infection.ResultsOf 2 008 561 women recruited to the study, 45 405 (2.3%) were Toxoplasma gondii IgG positive, and 6884 (0.3%) were IgM positive. Geographical variation for seropositivity ranged from 0.2% in Heilongjiang to 11.2% in Tianjing for IgG and from 0% in Tibet to 0.9% in Anhui for IgM. Advanced maternal age, occupation of a farmer, vegetarian diet and exposure to cat was significantly associated with Toxoplasma gondii IgM seropositivity, and its association with occupation of farmer and exposure to cat was significant after adjusting for province of residence (P < 0.05).ConclusionThere were significant regional variations in Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and associated risk factors among Chinese women of reproductive age during preconception period. This calls for a targeted primary prevention strategy. Screening and treatment before conception and preconception health education may have potential for reducing congenital Toxoplasmosis in China.
Ankaferd blood stopper as a new strategy to avoid early complications after transradial procedures: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gorgulu Sevket , Norgaz Tugrul , Sipahi Ilke 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundWe planned a three arm randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new blood stopper, Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) along with short‐time compression, compared to either short‐time compression with conventional sterile gauzes (CSG) or with a TR band after transradial (TRA) procedures.MethodsThe Ankaferd blood stopper as a new strategy to avoid early complications. After transradial procedures (ABS transradial) trial is designed in a prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled fashion and registered with http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02982733). Six hundred and thirty patients were randomized into three arms in a 1:1:1 fashion corresponding to three different strategies of patent hemostasis techniques after diagnostic or interventional catheterization.ResultsOne (0.49%) patient in the CSG group and one patient (0.48%) in the TR Band group developed RAO at the end of the hemostasis, compared with 0 (0%) in the ABS group. At 30 days follow‐up none of the groups had any patients with RAO. As a secondary end‐points the difference was not statistically significant regarding hematoma among the three groups (P = 0.70). Bleeding during deflation of the TR Band or removal of the elastic bandage occurred in 55 patients (26.96%) in the CSG group and in 56 (27.31%) patients in the TR Band group compared to 19 patients (9.40%) in the ABS group (P < 0.001).ConclusionAnkaferd blood stopper is a promising device for use in patent hemostasis, with no evidence on RAO at short‐term or long term and with reduced risk of re‐bleeding at the end of hemostasis.
Anti‐angiogenic efficacy of aflibercept and bevacizumab in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Ganjibakhsh Meysam , Monshizadeh Roshanak , Nasimian Ahmad , Aminishakib Pouyan , Farzaneh Parvaneh , Tavakoli Shiraji Sahar , Gharajei Ata , Rahrotaban Sedigheh , Baghaei Fereshteh , Gohari Neda Sadat 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundIn recent decades, anti‐angiogenic treatment strategy has been well described in cancer treatment. The anti‐angiogenic activity of both bevacizumab and aflibercept has been researched on 10 previously established primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells of an Iranian population with different levels of purity, in an attempt to find the most effective anti‐angiogenic‐targeted drug.MethodsTo investigate and compare the effect of bevacizumab and aflibercept on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion of 10 primary OSCC cells, cell proliferation and viability were assessed by ELISA and MTT assays. In addition, cell migration was studied using scratch assay.ResultsThe results showed that VEGF impressively expressed in all primary cancer cells. Although both drugs significantly reduced the secretion of VEGF, the effect of aflibercept was more prominent. Also, bevacizumab‐treated cells migration was lower than the control group and the cells treated with aflibercept showed the lowest migration rate compared to bevacizumab and control groups.ConclusionThe anti‐angiogenic‐targeted drugs, especially Af, might be effective in treatment of patients with OSCC in combination with conventional surgical treatments.
Oxygen uptake and net flux of metabolites by splanchnic tissues of sheep in response to short‐term mesenteric infusion of nitrogenous compounds
Authors: Stefanello S. , Mezzomo M. P. , Zeni D. , Ebling R. C. , Soares A. V. , Kozloski G. V. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis study was conducted in an attempt to quantify the impact of N load on splanchnic tissues metabolism of sheep. The trial was conducted with four male sheep (45 ± 2.5 kg body weight (BW)) surgically implanted with chronic indwelling catheters into the portal, hepatic and mesenteric veins. Blood flow and metabolic flux through portal‐drained viscera (PDV), liver and total splanchnic tissues (ST) were measured daily following a 4 × 4 Latin Square experimental design, where sheep were continually infused into the mesenteric vein with a physiological saline (0.15 m NaCl) solution during 90 min followed by the infusion, during more 120 min, of either solution: physiological saline (control), 0.250 mNH4HCO3, 0.250 m L‐alanine or 0.125 m L‐arginine, all of them infused at a rate of 1.5 ml/min to provide 375 μmol N/min. During the treatment infusion period, the net removal of ammonia N and the net production of urea N by liver were higher (p < .05) in NH4HCO3 infused sheep. Based on oxygen consumption, and on average of all treatments, the heat produced by liver and ST was on average 6 and 14 kcal/kg BW representing 16% and 38% of the metabolizable energy intake respectively. Linear relationships between variables indicated that gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis occurred concomitantly and both processes accounted for approximately 50% of total liver energy expenditure, two‐thirds of it associated with gluconeogenesis. The results of the current study did not present clear evidence of the expected energy costs associated with ammonia N, alanine or arginine metabolism by liver. However, they indicated that gluconeogenesis is on average a more energy expensive process than ureagenesis.
Pedagogy for reading for pleasure in low socio‐economic primary schools: beyond ‘pedagogy of poverty’?
Authors: Hempel‐Jorgensen Amelia , Cremin Teresa , Harris Diane , Chamberlain Liz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNew research findings are presented in this paper, responding to a significant knowledge gap about the role of pedagogy in tackling persistent educational inequalities. The paper examines the potential of reading for pleasure (RfP) pedagogy to disrupt ‘pedagogy of poverty’ in low socio‐economic (SES) schools and to enable children to reap the cognitive, well‐being and social benefits of RfP. Children's volition and social interaction as readers are central to RfP and have been found to be particularly constrained by pedagogy common in low SES schools in the United States, Australia and England. The research examined how pedagogy for RfP was instantiated in four low SES English primary schools to understand how this potential might be realised and its effects on children's engagement with RfP. The schools were selected because they had invested in RfP, yet the study found their RfP pedagogies did not in practice support children's volition and engagement because teachers' understandings of reading focused upon proficiency. Such teachers need to reconceptualise reading as social and volitional to underpin RfP pedagogies. The paper provides new insight into the challenges of developing genuine RfP pedagogy and other pedagogies that profile volition and active engagement with learning in low SES schools.
Impact of pre‐ and post‐pollination barriers on pollen transfer and reproductive isolation among three sympatricPedicularis(Orobanchaceae) species
Authors: Liang H. , Ren Z.‐X. , Tao Z.‐B. , Zhao Y.‐H. , Bernhardt P. , Li D.‐Z. , Wang H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPedicularisis the largest genus in the Orobanchaceae (>300) with many species co‐occurring and co‐blooming in subalpine to alpine meadows in the Himalayas. Although it is well known that differentPedicularisspecies place pollen on different parts of the same bumblebee's body, thus reducing interspecific pollen transfer, it is not known whether post‐pollination components also contribute to reproductive isolation (RI).In this study, we quantified the individual strengths and absolute contributions of six pre‐ and post‐pollination components of RI between three sympatric species in two pairs;Pedicularis gruina × Pedicularis tenuisecta(gru × ten) andPedicularis comptoniifolia × Pedicularis tenuisecta(com × ten).All threePedicularisspecies shared the sameBombusspecies. Individual foragers showed a high, but incomplete, floral constancy for each species. Therefore, pre‐pollination barriers were potentially ‘leaky’ asBombusspecies showed a low but consistent frequency of interspecific visitation. The RI strength of pre‐pollination was lower incom × tenthan ingru × ten. In contrast, post‐pollination barriers completely blocked gene flow between both sets of species pairs. Two post‐pollination recognition sites were identified. Late acting rejection of interspecific pollen tube growth occurred incom♀ × ten♂, while seeds produced in bi‐directional crosses ofgru × tenfailed to germinate.We propose that, although floral isolation based on pollen placement on pollinators in the genusPedicularisis crucial to avoid interspecific pollen transfer, the importance of this mode of interspecific isolation may be exaggerated. Post‐pollination barriers may play even larger roles for currently established populations of co‐blooming and sympatric species in this huge genus in the Himalayas.
Pathogenic and molecular comparison of Puccinia kuehnii isolates and reactions of sugarcane varieties to orange rust
Authors: Moreira A. S. , Nogueira Junior A. F. , Gonçalves C. R. N. B. , Souza N. A. , Bergamin Filho A. 
Published: April 2018

Sugarcane orange rust, a disease caused by Puccinia kuehnii, was first reported in Brazil in 2009. There are no studies comparing the Brazilian P. kuehnii collections and the reaction of important sugarcane varieties under controlled conditions. This work compared the reaction of seven sugarcane varieties inoculated with six different P. kuehnii isolates from Brazilian sugarcane areas and verified the pathogenic and genetic variability of these isolates. The incubation (I) and latency (L) disease periods, disease severity (SEV), total number of lesions (TNL), total number of sporulating lesions (TNSL), and percentage of sporulating lesions (%SL) were evaluated. Furthermore, ITS1 and IGS ribosomal sequences of all P. kuehnii isolates used in this study were compared with pathogen sequences from 13 different countries. The disease incubation ranged from 7 to 10 days and the latency ranged from 10 to 21 days. SEV and TNL showed large variations and few significant differences between the reaction of the varieties to P. kuehnii, in contrast with the variables TNSL and %SL. The P. kuehnii isolates did not compose different virulent races, but the isolate from one site (Araras) was a more aggressive race. The ITS1 and IGS ribosomal sequences of six P. kuehnii isolates were identical with each other and to most P. kuehnii American sequences deposited at GenBank. The studied sequences of P. kuehnii isolates differed from the sequences from Asia, Tahiti and Oceania.