bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of cyclic strength degradation of natural clays via bounding surface model with hybrid flow rule
Authors: Shi Z. , Buscarnera G. , Finno R. J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryStrength loss of natural clays subjected to seismic loading is a critical factor contributing to earthquake‐induced ground failure and associated hazards. This work proposes a bounding surface constitutive law to simulate cyclic strength degradation of natural clays resulting from the loss of structure and attendant accumulation of excess pore pressures. The proposed model employs an enhanced plastic flow rule that can simulate accurately the development of pore pressure and explicitly incorporates soil structure effects. The validation of the model with reference to the experimental evidence available for 3 structured clays shows that with a single set of parameters the proposed model can reasonably represent the mechanical behavior of natural clays under various loading conditions (1D compression, monotonic shearing in compression and extension, cyclic loading, and postcyclic shearing). Particularly, its satisfactory performance in terms of quantification of cyclic strength degradation encourages the use of the model in simulating boundary value problems related to the stability of geotechnical facilities under earthquakes.
Physiological stretch induced proliferation of human urothelial cells via integrin α6‐FAK signaling pathway
Authors: Gao Xiaoshuai , Wei Tangqiang , Liao Banghua , Ai Jianzhong , Zhou Liang , Gong Lina , Chen Yuntian , He Qing , Cheng Liang , Wang Kunjie 
Published: June 2018

AimsTo test a kind of stretch pattern which is the optimum stress parameter to promote human urothelial cells (HUCs) proliferation, and to investigate the roles of integrin subunits and their pathway in the HUCs proliferation induced by physiological stretch.MethodsHUCs were seeded on silicone membrane, and subjected to four kinds of stretch (0,5%,10%,15% elongation) for 24 h, as controlled by a BioDynamic® bioreactor. Cell proliferation, viability and cycle distribution were examined using Cell Counting Kit‐8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The gene and protein expression of integrin subunits and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in each group were assessed by Real‐time PCR(RT‐PCR) and western blot, respectively. Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were applied to knockdown integrin α6 and FAK expression in HUCs, and FAK inhibitor was used to validate the role of α6 and FAK in cell proliferation under physiological stretch.ResultsThe proliferation of HUCs were highest in the 5% elongation group compared to static control, 10% and 15% elongation group. RT‐PCR and western blot showed that 5% cyclic stretch significantly promoted the expression of integrin α6 and FAK. The stretch‐induced cell proliferation and FAK expression was inhibited by siRNA of integrin α6. Further study with FAK inhibitor revealed that elongation promoted proliferation though integrin α6 and FAK signaling pathway.ConclusionsPhysiological stretch induced HUCs proliferation via integrin α6‐FAK signaling pathway, and 5% elongation may be the optimal stress parameter to promote the cell proliferation.
Proteomics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science: Neglected Scientific Opportunities with Immediate Impact
Authors: Bilić Petra , Kuleš Josipa , Galan Asier , Gomes de Pontes Leticia , Guillemin Nicolas , Horvatić Anita , Festa Sabes Amanda , Mrljak Vladimir , Eckersall Peter David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnimal/veterinary proteomics is an evolving field which holds a great promise not only for fundamental and applied discoveries regarding biology and pathology of domestic species, but can also be implemented in comparative applications of human diseases research. Experimental proteomics in domestic animals have advantages over use of rodents, such as multiple sampling in time series and availability of biological samples in sufficient volume for multiple analyses, such that both experimental and natural disease processes can be investigated. While there are certain technical limitations in the expansion of the field, they can currently be circumvented and in the future mastered with a greater participation of proteomic experts, which will in turn drive the accessibility of species‐specific reagents, data volume expansion in bioinformatic databases, and increased funding. This Viewpoint highlights some comparative proteomics studies addressing important issues and encourages readers to expand their horizons of domestic animal proteomics research. It will hopefully inspire new fruitful collaborations between veterinary and animal scientists and proteomic specialists for research in these areas that can have immediate and direct impact on health, society, and the economy.
Tailored bimodal ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene particles
Authors: Lafleur Sarah , Berthoud Romain , Ensinck Richard , Cordier Astrid , De Cremer Gert , Philippaerts An , Bastiaansen Kees , Margossian Tigran , Severn John R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTA single molecular catalyst system supported on MgCl2 has been developed and combined with a simple two‐stage fed‐batch polymerization process to produce tailored bimodal polyethylene reactor blend particles of UHMWPE. By varying and controlling the process conditions in the first stage and second stage, bimodal HMWPE:UHMWPE reactor particles are obtained with independent control over the individual molar masses, the mass ratio of the HMWPE and UHMWPE components, and the reactor powder particle size. This allows multidimensional control over the individual UHMWPE reactor particle properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1645–1656
Facile preparation of superhydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces via the combination of Cu(0)‐mediated reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization and click chemistry
Authors: Enayati Mojtaba , Abbaspourrad Alireza 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe fabrication of novel hydrophobic, superhydrophobic, and oleophobic surfaces on glass using nanosilica particles modified with polymer brushes prepared via surface initiated Cu(0)‐mediated reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization was demonstrated. Monomers including n‐butyl acrylate, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate, and 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate were used to synthesize a series of nanosilica–polymer organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Products were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The coated nanosilica showed core–shell structures that contains polymer brushes up to 67 wt %. The application of these particles for modifying surface wettability was examined by covalently attaching them to glass via a recently developed one‐pot “grafting to” methodology using “thio‐bromo click” chemistry. Atomic force microscopy topographic images show up to 25 times increase in roughness of the coated glass compared to blank glass sample. Contact angle measurements showed that nanosilica coated with PBA and PTFEM produced hydrophobic glass surfaces, while a superhydrophobic and oleophobic surface was generated using nanosilica functionalized with PHFIPA. This novel methodology can produce superhydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces in an easy and fast way without the need for tedious and time‐consuming processes, such as layer‐by‐layer deposition, high temperature calcination, and fluorinated oil infusion. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018
Controlled aggregation behavior of thermoresponsive polymeric micelles by introducing hydrophilic segments as corona components
Authors: Akimoto Jun , Ito Yoshihiro , Okano Teruo , Nakayama Masamichi 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPoly[N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N‐(3‐methoxypropyl)acrylamide]‐b‐poly(D,L‐lactide) (P(IPAAm‐co‐MPAAm)‐b‐PLA) as a thermoresponsive block copolymer and PMPAAm‐b‐PLA as a nonthermoresponsive block copolymer were co‐assembled into thermoresponsive polymeric micelles in water. In addition, PMPAAm‐b‐P(IPAAm‐co‐MPAAm)‐b‐PLA triblock copolymer was assembled to form thermoresponsive micelles with a hydrophilic layer on the outermost surface of the thermoresponsive corona. Using both micelles, we investigated the effects of introducing hydrophilic polymer segments on micellar aggregation behavior at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the thermoresponsive micelles. Despite the external hydrophilic PMPAAm layer on PMPAAm‐b‐P(IPAAm‐co‐MPAAm)‐b‐PLA micelles, aggregation following dehydration of the thermoresponsive segments was not significantly suppressed at temperatures above the LCST due to the instability of the core‐corona state. In contrast, intermicellar aggregation was successfully controlled by blending P(IPAAm‐co‐MPAAm) and PMPAAm in the thermoresponsive corona region, even above the LCST. In particular, PMPAAm chains longer than the P(IPAAm‐co‐MPAAm) chains could regulate the hydrodynamic diameter of micellar aggregates at temperatures above the LCST. The micelles showed enhanced drug release rates in response to temperature changes above the LCST without precipitating from solution. These results indicated that a side‐by‐side structure of hydrophilic/thermoresponsive chains in the corona region could effectively control the micellar aggregation state after a thermal phase transition. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1695–1704
Design, synthesis, and gas permeation properties of polyimides containing pendent imidazolium groups
Authors: Shrimant Bharat , Kharul Ulhas K. , Wadgaonkar Prakash P. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTFilm‐forming polymers containing ionic groups have attracted considerable attention as emerging materials for gas separation applications. The aim of this article was to synthesize new film‐forming polyimides containing imidazolium groups (PI‐IMs) and establish their structure–performance relationship. In this context, a new aromatic diamine, namely, N1‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐N1‐(4‐(2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)benzene‐1,4‐diamine (ImTPADA), was synthesized and polycondensed with three aromatic dianhydrides, namely, 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, 4,4‐(4,4‐isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis(phthalic anhydride), and 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride to form the corresponding polyimides containing pendent 2‐phenylimidazole groups (PI‐IEs). Next, PI‐IMs were prepared by N‐quaternization of pendent 2‐phenylimidazole groups present in PI‐6FDA using methyl iodide followed by anion exchange with bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTf2N). PI‐IEs and PI‐IMs exhibited reasonably high molecular weights, amorphous nature, good solubility, and could be cast into self‐standing films from their DMAc solutions. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that 10% weight loss temperature of PI‐IEs and PI‐IMs were in the range 545–475 °C and 303–306 °C, respectively. Gas permeability analysis of films of PI‐IEs and PI‐IMs was investigated by variable‐volume method and it was observed that incorporation of ionic groups into PI‐6FDA resulted in increased permeability while maintaining selectivity. In particular, polymer bearing Tf2N− anion exhibited high CO2 permeability (33.3 Barr) and high selectivity for CO2/CH4 (41.1) and CO2/N2 (35.4). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1721–1729
Radical polymerizations of two stereoisomeric trimethacrylates with rigid adamantane‐like cores from naturally occurring myo‐inositol
Authors: Okamoto Shusuke , Tanaka Kentaro , Sudo Atsushi 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTTwo stereoisomeric trimethacrylates, T1 and T2, which share a common adamantane‐like rigid core, were synthesized from naturally occurring myo‐inositol, and their radical polymerization behaviors were investigated. For the synthesis of T1, myo‐inositol was converted to triol 1, bearing one equatorial hydroxyl group and two axial hydroxyl groups, by orthoesterification, which was used as a precursor. For the synthesis of T2, 1 was converted to triol 2, bearing three axial hydroxyl groups, which was used as a precursor. Investigations on the radical polymerization of T1 and T2, which potentially accompanies the cyclopolymerization of the axially oriented methacrylate moieties, revealed significant differences between the two. (1) The polymerization of T1 affords networked and thus insoluble polymers PT1, while that of T2 affords less crosslinked and thus soluble polymers PT2. (2) The amount of residual methacrylate moieties was larger in PT2 than in PT1. (3) PT2 had higher thermal stability than PT1, though PT2 contained a larger amount of unreacted methacrylate moieties. These tendencies were successfully correlated with the difference in cyclopolymerization efficiency between the polymerizations of the two monomers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1743–1748
Synthesis and radical polymerization properties of thermal radical initiators based on o‐imino‐isourea: The effect of the alkyl side chain on the radical initiation temperature
Authors: Lee Kyu Cheol , Jeong Su Bin , Kim Dong Yeon , Lee Tae Hee , Kim Soon Cheon , Kim Jin Chul , Lee Sang‐Ho , Noh Seung Man , Park Young Il 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTFour types of thermal radical initiators (TRIs) that are based on o‐imino‐isourea with cyclohexyl and isopropyl groups were successfully synthesized, namely, C‐HexDCC, DiiprDCC, C‐HexDIC, and DiiprDIC. The free radical polymerization and thermal properties of those synthesized TRIs were determined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (using n‐butyl acrylate) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The TRI derivatives showed peak temperatures (Tmax) from 89 to 97 °C in n‐butyl acrylate, and DiiprDIC, with isopropyl groups on both sides of the NO group, showed the lowest peak temperatures. The rates of NO bond homolysis (kd) of all the TRIs were calculated from their half‐lives determined using real‐time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and their theoretical bond dissociation energies (BDEs) were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The free radical polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate using each TRI was efficiently determined from Tpeak of the DSC curves; conversions depending on polymerization temperature (80, 90, and 100 °C) were monitored to observe kinetic information of TRIs during polymerization. Furthermore, to investigate the use of TRIs in curing, we applied them to an automotive clear coating system and monitored the real‐time evolution of the elastic modulus (G′) during thermal curing using a rheometer for representative DiiprDIC. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1749–1756
Effect of substitution positions of alkyl side chains in phenanthrodithiophene–isoindigo copolymers: The enhancement of crystallinity and control of molecular orders
Authors: Mori Hiroki , Hara Shuto , Toyama Ryota , Asanuma Yuya , Takahashi Ryosuke , Nishinaga Shuhei , Nishihara Yasushi 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe synthesis, characterization, and solar cell application of newly developed two semiconducting polymers containing phenanthro[1,2‐b:8,7‐b′]dithiophene (PDT) and an isoindigo (IID) unit are described. In addition, a relationship between substitution position of side chains and molecular weights of the polymers and their solar cell performance are also discussed. Because of the installation of alkyl side chains onto sterically less hindered positions, PDT‐IID copolymers 12OD‐2 and 8OD‐2 have stronger intermolecular interaction than that of the previously reported copolymer 12OD. In low‐Mn polymers 12OD‐2 and 8OD‐2 formed high‐crystalline thin film with higher face‐on ratio than that of 12OD, but their unsuitable large‐scale phase separation suppressed their efficient photocurrent generation, leading to poor PCE of 2–3%. However, the surface morphology of 12OD‐2 and 8OD‐2 blended films are drastically improved by increasing Mn, which leads to the enhancement of Jsc and higher PCE of up to 4.3%. However, high‐Mn polymers 12OD‐2 and 8OD‐2 formed high‐crystalline film with about 10–15% lower face‐on ratio than that of high‐Mn polymer 12OD, leading to poor hole transporting ability, and thus lower Jsc and PCE. From this result, too much strong intermolecular interaction promotes the formation of unsuitable edge‐on orientation in blended films. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1757–1767
Effects of gender concordance in mentoring relationships on summer research experience outcomes for undergraduate students
Authors: Morales Danielle X. , Grineski Sara E. , Collins Timothy W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUndergraduate research is a high impact educational practice that encourages more women to engage in science. Few studies have focused on gender concordance between mentors and mentees within the context of summer undergraduate research programs, and none have linked gender concordance with student gains. Previous research has more often overlooked the faculty–postgraduate–undergraduate triad, focusing instead on the faculty–undergrad dyad. This study explores the effects of gender concordance among mentoring dyads and triads on student gains from summer research experiences. Using programmatic and evaluation data, bivariate analyses were conducted and generalized estimating equations were employed to examine effects of gender concordance in mentoring relationships on student gains. Results indicate that gender concordance within undergraduate mentee and faculty mentor dyads promoted the greatest student gains among the six categories of mentoring relationships studied, having postgraduate mentors for undergraduates suppressed student gains, and women benefited more than men from gender concordance in mentoring relationships. Considering the results, undergraduate research program staff should make efforts to recruit more women faculty mentors, consider matching them with women undergraduates, train men scientists so they can be effective mentors for women students, and provide high‐quality mentoring training opportunities for postgraduate mentors.
Modelling damping sources in monopile‐supported offshore wind turbines
Authors: Chen Chao , Duffour Philippe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVibration damping in offshore wind turbines is a key parameter to predict reliably the dynamic response and fatigue life of these systems. Damping in an offshore wind turbine originates from different sources, mainly, aerodynamic, structural, hydrodynamic, and soil dampings. The difficulties in identifying the individual contribution from each damping source have led to considerable uncertainty and variation in the values recommended. This paper proposes simplified but direct modelling approaches to quantify the damping contributions from the aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, and soil interactions. Results from these models were systemically compared to published values and when appropriate with simulation results from the software package FAST. The range of values obtained for aerodynamic damping confirmed those available in the literature, and blade element modelling theory was shown to provide good results relatively efficiently. The influence of couplings between fore‐aft and side‐side directions on the aerodynamic damping contribution was highlighted. The modelling of hydrodynamic damping showed that this damping is much smaller than usually recommended and could be safely ignored for offshore wind turbines. Soil damping strongly depends on the soil specific nonlinear behaviour.
Acquired factor X deficiency in light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is rare and associated with advanced disease
Authors: Patel Gina , Hari Parameswaran , Szabo Aniko , Rein Lisa , Kreuziger Lisa Baumann , Chhabra Saurabh , Dhakal Binod , D’Souza Anita 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
Systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis can lead to an acquired coagulopathy secondary to acquired factor X (aFX) deficiency. However, it is not very clear who develops aFX deficiency in AL amyloidosis.

Methods:
We therefore undertook this single centre, retrospective study to better characterize AL amyloidosis-associated aFX deficiency.

Results:
Out of 121 AL patients who had FX testing at the time of their first evaluation at our institution, including 17 patients on warfarin at the time of testing, 10 out of 104 patients (9.6%) with systemic AL amyloidosis were found to have FX levels below 50%. Acquired FX deficiency was associated with advanced stage of AL amyloidosis and elevated cardiac biomarkers. Lower FX activity, advanced stage, and cardiac involvement by disease were associated with higher hazard of death on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, stage of AL amyloidosis was the only significant predictor of survival. Median survival time of patients with FX deficiency was 9.3 months compared to 118.4 months in those without.

Conclusions:
We conclude that while aFX deficiency is rare in systemic AL amyloidosis, it is a marker of advanced disease.
Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and its association with incident all‐cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia in large national surveys
Authors: Beydoun May A. , Beydoun Hind A. , Elbejjani Martine , Dore Gregory A. , Zonderman Alan B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionInfectious agents were recently implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and etiology of other dementias, notably Helicobacter pylori.MethodsWe tested associations of H. pylori seropositivity with incident all‐cause and AD dementia and with AD‐related mortality among US adults in a retrospective cohort study. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Surveys III, phase 1 (1988–1991) and 1999–2000 linked with Medicare and National Death Index registries, were used (baseline age ≥45 y, follow‐up to 2013, Npooled = 5927).ResultsA positive association between H. pylori seropositivity and AD mortality was found in men (hazard ratioadj, pooled = 4.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.51–12.41, P = .006), which was replicated for incident AD and all‐cause dementia, with hazard ratioadj, pooled = 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.04, P = .035) and hazard ratioadj, III = 1.44 (95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.98, P = .022), respectively. These associations were also positive among higher socioeconomic status groups.DiscussionIn sum, H. pylori seropositivity's direct association with AD mortality, all‐cause dementia, and AD dementia was restricted to men and to higher socioeconomic status groups.