bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not Another Boring Resident Didactic Conference
Authors: Wray Alisa , Wolff Margaret , Boysen‐Osborn Megan , Wiechmann Warren , Paradise Sara , Runcie Elizabeth , Sudario Gabe , Toohey Shannon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that residency programs in emergency medicine plan at least 5 hours of didactic experiences per week. Instructional methods should include small‐group techniques, problem‐based learning, or computer‐based instruction. Despite recommendations from the ACGME, many programs’ conference didactics continue to include primarily lecture‐based instruction.MethodsThe authors describe instructional methods that promote active learning and may be superior to traditional lecture‐based education.ResultsThese methods include varying instructional methods, case‐based learning, team‐based learning and the flipped classroom, audience response systems, simulation, “wars,” oral boards, escape rooms and scavenger hunts, expert panel discussions, debates, clinical pathologic cases, and leaderboards. The authors discuss how these methods can be implemented to make emergency medicine didactic conferences more varied and interactive for learners.ConclusionsWhile there is minimal research on the efficacy of these methods in graduate medical education, many have shown to improvement engagement of learners and to be effective in undergraduate medical education. Further research will be needed to determine if long‐term learning outcomes can be improved with these strategies.
Dynamics of segregation and fluidization of binary mixtures in a cylindrical fluidized bed
Authors: Singh Brajesh K. , Roy Shantanu , Buwa Vivek V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDynamics of segregation and fluidization of unary particles and binary mixtures in a cylindrical fluidized bed is investigated using temporally– and spatially–resolved measurements of solids volume fraction (αs) performed using Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT). Through the comparison with high‐speed imaging, we have shown that ECT can be used to measure the segregation behavior in cylindrical fluidized beds quantitatively. ECT measurements have been used further to quantify the effects of mixture composition, particle–diameter ratio, and superficial gas velocity on the bed segregation behavior. Dynamics of fluidization behavior is characterized using the time–evolution of local αs fluctuations, corresponding frequency distribution, and bubble size distribution. Further, a relation between the measured variance of αs fluctuations at different radial locations and corresponding flow structures under different fluidization conditions is established. The present work helps to understand dynamics of segregation and fluidization of binary mixtures and to provide a database for validation of Eulerian multifluid CFD models.
The axial dispersion of liquid solutions and solid suspensions in planar oscillatory flow crystallizers
Authors: Cruz Patrícia , Silva Carolina , Rocha Fernando , Ferreira António 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe planar oscillatory flow crystallizer (planar‐OFC) was designed with a rectangular cross‐section to improve the flow and suspension of solids of conventional OFCs. Residence time distribution experiments with liquid and solid tracers were performed to assess the effect of the net flow rate, Q, the frequency, f, and the amplitude of oscillation, x0, on the axial dispersion of liquids, , and solids, , in three planar‐OFCs with different geometries. It was found that Q and f have in general positive effects on and , and x0 has negative effects. Furthermore, identical values of and were obtained in each crystallizer. It was also found that the interaction between Q and x0 is the most significant one in all systems. These results show that the three crystallizers have similar axial dispersion performances with liquids and solids. This is of paramount importance for multiphase systems such as crystallization.
Different microvascular alterations underlie microbleeds and microinfarcts
Authors: van Veluw Susanne J. , Scherlek Ashley A. , Freeze Whitney M. , ter Telgte Annemieke , van der Kouwe Andre J. , Bacskai Brian J. , Frosch Matthew P. , Greenberg Steven M. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) in the walls of cortical vessels and the accrual of microbleeds and microinfarcts over time. The relationship between CAA severity and microbleeds and microinfarcts as well as the sequence of events that lead to lesion formation remain poorly understood.MethodsWe scanned intact formalin‐fixed hemispheres of 12 CAA cases with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by histopathological examination in predefined areas and serial sectioning in targeted areas with multiple lesions.ResultsIn total, 1,168 cortical microbleeds and 472 cortical microinfarcts were observed on ex vivo MRI. Increasing CAA severity at the whole‐brain or regional level was not associated with the number of microbleeds or microinfarcts. However, locally, the density of Aβ‐positive cortical vessels was lower surrounding a microbleed compared to a simulated control lesion, and higher surrounding microinfarcts. Serial sectioning revealed that for (n = 28) microbleeds, both Aβ (4%) and smooth muscle cells (4%) were almost never present in the vessel wall at the site of bleeding, but Aβ was frequently observed upstream or downstream (71%), as was extensive fibrin(ogen) buildup (87%). In contrast, for (n = 22) microinfarcts, vascular Aβ was almost always observed at the core of the lesion (91%, p < 0.001) as well as upstream or downstream (82%), but few vessels associated with microinfarcts had intact smooth muscle cells (9%).InterpretationThese observations provide a model for how a single neuropathologic process such as CAA may result in hemorrhagic or ischemic brain lesions potentially through 2 different mechanistic pathways. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:279–292
The Impact of Selection for Facial Reduction in Dogs: Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Canine Cranial Shape
Authors: Selba Molly C. , Oechtering Gerhard U. , Heng Hock Gan , DeLeon Valerie B. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThrough artificial selection, humans have altered the morphology of domestic dogs and created the range of morphological traits present in the diverse dog breeds seen today. This article tests how artificial breeding for extreme facial reduction affects the craniodental complex in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). These brachycephalic dog breeds allow for a natural experiment on facial reduction, providing additional insight into this well‐studied phenomenon associated with the evolutionary history of other animals including primates. We used an existing set of clinically obtained CT scans from dogs representing three brachycephalic breeds and a comparative sample. We recorded three‐dimensional coordinate data for 62 cranial and mandibular landmarks that allowed us to analyze differences in shape in the neurocranium, basicranium, and viscerocranium. Through geometric morphometric analysis, we confirmed that most of the cranial shape variance in our sample was associated with cephalic index (cranial width‐to‐length ratio) and reflects the effects of facial reduction. Shape changes in the cranium and mandible co‐vary. We also identified several areas of localized shape change. Whereas the primary shape change seen in the mandible is a uniform shift in proportion involving rostral‐caudal shortening and medial‐lateral widening, the majority of the shape change in the palate is localized to the maxilla. Here, a pronounced difference in maxillary carnassial orientation relative to the mandibular carnassials results in disruption of the functionally important carnassial complex. These results support previous studies showing integration within the skull and highlight the deleterious effects of artificial selection for extreme facial reduction in domestic dogs. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 303:330–346, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Morphological and functional heterogeneity in olfactory perception between antennae and maxillary palps in the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa
Authors: Oh Hyun‐Woo , Jeong Seon Ah , Kim Jiae , Park Kye Chung 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe morphology and ultrastructure of the olfactory sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their responses to five volatile compounds were measured using electroantenogram (EAG) and electropalpogram (EPG) techniques in the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa (Shiraki; Diptera: Tephritidae). Male and female B. depressa displayed distinct morphological types of olfactory sensilla in the antennae and maxillary palps, with predominant populations of trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla. Basiconic sensilla, the most abundant type of olfactory sensilla in the antennae, could be further classified into two different types. In contrast, the maxillary palps exhibited predominant populations of a single type of curved basiconic sensilla. High‐resolution SEM observation revealed the presence of multiple nanoscale wall‐pores on the cuticular surface of trichoid and basiconic sensilla, indicating that their primary function is olfactory. In contrast, coeloconic sensilla displayed several longitudinal grooves around the sensillum peg. The TEM observation of individual antennal olfactory sensilla indicates that the basiconic sensilla are thin‐walled, while the trichoid sensilla are thick‐walled. The profile of EAG responses of male B. depressa was different from their EPG response profile, indicating that the olfactory function of maxillary palps is different from that of antennae in this species. The structural and functional variation in the olfactory sensilla between antennae and maxillary palps suggests that each plays an independent role in the perception of olfactory signals in B. depressa.
Pyrolytic Carbon‐coated Cu‐Fe Alloy Nanoparticles with High Catalytic Performance for Oxygen Electroreduction
Authors: Qiao Yu , Ni Yangyang , Kong Fantan , Li Ruijing , Zhang Chaoqi , Kong Aiguo , Shan Yongkui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWell‐dispersed carbon‐coated or nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated copper‐iron alloy nanoparticles (FeCu@C or FeCu@C−N) in carbon‐based supports are obtained using a bimetallic metal‐organic framework (Cu/Fe‐MOF‐74) or a mixture of Cu/Fe‐MOF‐74 and melamine as sacrificial templates and an active‐component precursor by using a pyrolysis method. The investigation results attest formation of Cu−Fe alloy nanoparticles. The obtained FeCu@C catalyst exhibits a catalytic activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.83 V for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium, comparable to that on commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.84 V). The catalytic activity of FeCu@C−N for ORR (Ehalf‐wave=0.87 V) outshines all reported analogues. The excellent performance of FeCu@C−N should be attributed to a change in the energy of the d‐band center of Cu resulting from the formation of the copper–iron alloy, the interaction between alloy nanoparticles and supports and N‐doping in the carbon matrix. Moreover, FeCu@C and FeCu@C−N show better electrochemical stability and methanol tolerance than commercial Pt/C and are expected to be widely used in practical applications.
Two Trinuclear CuII Complexes: Effect of Phosphonate Ligand on the Magnetic Property and Electrocatalytic Reactivity for Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Jin‐Miao , Liu Ya‐Rong , Mao Xue‐Yang , Shi Ning‐Ning , Zhang Xia , Wang Hui‐Sheng , Fan Yu‐Hua , Wang Mei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo trinuclear copper phosphonate complexes, [Cu3(pda)3(tBuPO3)]⋅2(Et3NH) (1) and [Cu3(pda)3(PhPO3)]⋅2(Et3NH) (2), have been synthesized and investigated by a combination of X‐ray crystallography, PXRD, magneto‐ and electrochemistry, EPR, in situ UV‐vis spectroelectrochemistry and DLS. The two complexes feature almost identical crystal structures, the anions of which are both supported by pda2− and tBuPO32−/PhPO32− groups, bridging three five‐coordinated CuII atoms to form a crown‐like structure. This is the first time that trinuclear copper phosphonate complexes have been isolated and characterized. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that complexes 1 and 2 both display overall ferromagnetic characters, but with different exchange interactions between the metal ions within the two clusters. The electrocatalytic activity for water oxidation of the two complexes was preliminarily investigated, which reveals that both of the two complexes can carry out electrocatalytic water oxidation in a neutral system owing to the introduction of phosphonate ligands into the complexes, with a TOF of about 0.82 s−1 (1) and 0.58 s−1 (2), respectively. We propose that the presence of phosphonate ligands may affect the magnetic property and catalytic activity of the complexes.
Rapid screening and scale‐up of ultracentrifugation‐free, membrane‐based procedures for purification of His‐tagged membrane proteins
Authors: Feroz Hasin , Meisenhelter Joshua , Jokhadze Gia , Bruening Merlin , Kumar Manish 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study develops procedures to rapidly screen conditions for purification of membrane proteins (MPs) using 96‐well plates containing nickel‐functionalized membranes. In addition to their application in the pharmaceutical industry, MPs are important components of new sensors, synthetic membranes, and bioelectronic devices. However, purification of MPs is challenging due to their hydrophobic exterior, which requires stabilization in amphipathic detergent micelles. We examined the extent of extraction of the light‐driven sodium transporter, Krokinobacter eikastus rhodopsin 2 (KR2) heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli using different salts and maltoside‐based detergents. The extraction was followed by subsequent affinity purification in membranes functionalized with Ni2+‐nitrilotriacetate complexes that bind the His‐tagged KR2. We also employed a hydrophobic chelator to separate detergent micelles from the aqueous phase as an initial isolation step prior to affinity purification. Unlike conventional resin‐based capture, which can take a full day or more, the membrane‐based screening of purification conditions takes only a few hours, and its scale‐up involves changing from a 96‐well format to a larger membrane module. The novelty of the method lies in utilizing membrane‐based ultracentrifugation‐free purification of MPs from cell membrane fragments; the optimized purification conditions from the screening method can potentially be applied to large‐scale/conventional resin‐based purification of MPs.
Characterization and bioleaching of nickel laterite ore using Bacillus subtilis strain
Authors: Giese Ellen C. , Carpen Hannah L. , Bertolino Luiz C. , Schneider Claudio L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere are two principal types of nickel (Ni) deposits: sulfide and laterite ores. Interest in low‐grade Ni‐laterite ores has increased in recent years as high‐grade Ni‐sulfide deposits are being quickly depleted. However, processing of Ni laterites has proven technically difficult and costly, and the development of alternative low‐cost biotechnologies for Ni solubilization has been encouraged. In this context, by the first time, a sample of Brazilian Ni‐laterite ore was analyzed mineralogically and subjected to bioleaching tests using a heterotrophic Bacillus subtilis strain. SEM‐analysis indicated that the primary Ni carrier mineral is goethite. Chemical analysis of different grain size fractions indicated a homogeneous distribution of Ni. XRF‐analysis showed that the ore consists mainly in lizardite (32.6% MgO) and contains1.0% NiO (0.85% Ni). Bioleaching batch experiments demonstrated that about 8.1% Ni (0.7 mg Ni/g ore) were solubilized by the B. subtilis after 7 days. Application of microwave heating as a Ni‐laterite pretreatment was also tested. This pretreatment increased the bioextraction of Ni from 8% to 26% (2.3 mg Ni g−1 ore).
A great legacy of muscle research and education from Dr. Sumiko Kimura
Authors: Hanashima Akira , Kawamura Yuuki , Nakauchi Yuni 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDr. Sumiko Kimura, a former professor of biology at Chiba University, was known as a distinguished biochemist who contributed considerably to our knowledge about the cytoskeleton of muscle cells, especially through her work on connectin (also called titin) and actin regulatory proteins. Sadly, she suddenly passed away in Tokyo on November 1, 2018 at the age of 71. She succumbed to multiple organ failure caused by a bacterial infection following a third operation on her heart. Dr. Kimura had been continuing her research into connectin right up until several months before her decease.
Prolonged‐Release Tacrolimus Is Less Susceptible to Interaction With the Strong CYP3A Inhibitor Voriconazole in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Huppertz Andrea , Ott Christian , Bruckner Thomas , Foerster Kathrin I. , Burhenne Jürgen , Weiss Johanna , Zorn Markus , Haefeli Walter E. , Czock David 
Published: June 2019

The nature and extent of drug–drug interactions between oral drugs is affected by numerous modulators. The effect of the formulation (prolonged release (PR) vs. immediate release (IR)) of a victim drug during treatment with a CYP3A (cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4) inhibitor is unknown but expected to be smaller with PR. We studied PR and IR tacrolimus during treatment with the strong CYP3A inhibitor voriconazole in 18 healthy volunteers in a pharmacokinetic, four‐phase, crossover trial. The exposure increase was significantly smaller after PR tacrolimus than after IR tacrolimus (AUC (area under the curve) 2.62‐fold vs. 6.02‐fold, P < 0.001; Cmax (maximum concentration) 2.02‐fold vs. 2.7‐fold, P = 0.026) and less variable (AUC increase 1.6 to 4.8‐fold vs. 1.8 to 19‐fold). CYP3A5 genotype, voriconazole exposure, and CYP3A4 phenotype (determined with a midazolam microdose) were not related to the relative change in tacrolimus exposure. Thus, when considering drug–drug interactions with CYP3A inhibitors, the formulation of orally administered victim drugs should also be considered.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Exposure–Response Assessment for the Antibody‐Drug Conjugate Brentuximab Vedotin in Hodgkin's Lymphoma in the Phase III ECHELON‐1 Study
Authors: Suri Ajit , Mould Diane R. , Song Gregory , Collins Graham P. , Endres Christopher J. , Gomez‐Navarro Jesús , Venkatakrishnan Karthik 
Published: June 2019

The efficacy of the CD30‐directed antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) brentuximab vedotin was established in combination with chemotherapy as frontline treatment for advanced classical Hodgkin's lymphoma in the randomized phase III ECHELON‐1 study. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure–response models were developed to quantify sources of PK variability and relationships between exposure and safety/efficacy end points in ECHELON‐1. The influence of patient‐specific factors on the PK of the ADC and the microtubule‐disrupting payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) was investigated; none of the significant covariates had a clinically relevant impact. Exposure–response analyses evaluated relationships between time‐averaged area under the curve (AUC; ADC, MMAE) and efficacy end points (ADC) or safety parameters (ADC, MMAE). Exposure–efficacy analyses supported consistent treatment benefit with brentuximab vedotin across observed exposure ranges. Exposure‐safety analyses supported the recommended brentuximab vedotin starting dose (1.2 mg/kg every 2 weeks), and effective management of peripheral neuropathy and neutropenia with dose modification/reduction and febrile neutropenia with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor primary prophylaxis.
Nanoporous hierarchical carbon structures derived from fungal basidiocarps for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Gannavarapu Krishna Prasad , Azizighannad Samar , Molli Muralikrishna , Pandey Meera , Muthukumar Sai , Mitra Somenath , Dandamudi Rajesh Babu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article presents the first report on systematic synthesis and evaluation of activated carbons from the cap and stalk of two diverse mushroom species namely, Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and Calocybe indica (CI) belonging to different classes white rot and brown rot respectively. A novel microwave induced H3PO4 activation followed by carbonization and KOH activation enabled the formation of activated carbon with hierarchical structures. The activated carbons from cap and the stalk of the mushrooms are different in terms of specific surface area, pore volume, and their electrochemical behavior. Specific surface area and pore volume from GL‐cap is as high as 2432.4 m2/g and 0.54 CC/g, respectively. After optimization, the activated carbons have high graphitic content, good thermal stability and show specific capacitance as high as 271.94 F/g, energy and power densities of 13.59 Wh/kg and 127.31 W/kg, respectively. All the carbons show good capacitance retention up to 10 000 cycles. The surface area and specific capacitance in the mushroom stalks are lower than the ones made from the caps and the highest surface area and specific capacitance are 1576.2 m2/g and 137.2 F/g respectively for GL‐stalk.
On the Electroimmobilization of Fishes for Research and Practice: Opportunities, Challenges, and Research Needs
Authors: Reid Connor H , Vandergoot Christopher S , Midwood Jonathan D , Stevens E Don , Bowker Jim , Cooke Steven J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As a result of growing demand for immediate-release sedatives in fisheries research, electroimmobilization has been receiving increasing attention due to its superior induction and recovery times and practicality, particularly under field conditions. However, a review of electroimmobilization and its role in fisheries science has not been previously conducted. Here we describe and differentiate the various forms of electroimmobilization and attempt to standardize relevant terminology. We review the known efficacy of electroimmobilization of fish and summarize the current available knowledge on this topic while identifying major knowledge gaps. Although more information is needed to determine optimal forms and settings for different species, life history stages, and environmental variables, electroimmobilization is a useful tool for fish handling that equals or surpasses the capabilities of chemical sedatives without exacerbating (and sometimes reducing) the negative consequences associated with chemical sedatives and fish handling practices more generally.