bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation the Neuro-toxicity Induced by Aluminum Chloride in Rats Using Beetroots and Broccli Extracts
Authors: Al-Balawi Abeer Ali , Ahmed Yousri Mohamed , Albukhari Ashwag , ALGhamdi Shareefa A. , Zeyadi Mustafa A. , Maddah Morog R. , Huwait Etimad H. , Ali Soad , Kumosani Taha A. , Moselhy Said S. 
Published: February 2019

Backgound: The generation of oxidative stress can be referred to Aluminium toxic effect in animals and humans. This study aimed to evaluate the role of broccoli (Br) and beetroot (Be) extarcts as antioxidant that prevents oxidative stress that associated with aluminum toxicity.
Materials and Methods: Fifty Wister female rats were grouped into five groups (each 10 rats): Group 1: control group, administered drinking water only. Group 2: (Neurogenerative) which were induced by oral administration of aluminum chloride (20 mg/kg b.w) daily for one month. Group 3: Rats given aluminum chloride were treated with Rivastigmine (Ri) (1 mg/kg b.w) as a reference drug daily for five weeks. Group 4: Rats given aluminum chloride were treated with beet root extract (50 mg/kg b.w) daily for six weeks. Group 5. Rats given aluminum chloride were treated with broccoli extract (50 mg/kg b.w) daily for five weeks.
Results: (AlCl3) group showed a significant increase in Ach level (P<0.05) and a non-significant change in DOP and NE levels compared to control. (AlCl3+Be) was non-significant (P˂0.05) change in Ach, DOP and NE levels compared to (AlCl3) group and showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in Ach level compared to control. (AlCl3+Br) showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in NE level and non-significant (P˂0.05) change in Ach and DOP levels compared to (AlCl3) group. (AlCl3+Ri) showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in Ach, DOP and NE levels compared to (AlCl3) group. Also, showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in Ach and NE compared to control.
Conclusion: Neuroprotective role of broccoli in the present study which may result from its antioxidant properties due to its bioactive content such as glucosinolate, isothiocyanate, Sulforaphane, and flavonoids. Therefore, Broccoli can have a favorable effect on neurotoxicity due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Developing a guideline for measuring the total number concentration of engineering nanomaterials in workplaces in China
Authors: Gao Xiangjing , Zou Hua , Xu Xiaohui , Zhou Lifang , Tang Shichuan , Yuan Weiming , Zhang Meibian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To provide a guideline for assessing the occupational exposure to nanomaterials in workplaces in China.

Methods
Based on the basic requirement for the sampling of harmful substances, condensation particle counter/optical particle counter (CPC/OPC) was selected as the tool and the total number concentration (TNC) was used as an index to measure engineering nanomaterials in workplaces.

Results
The strategy included instrument preparation, identification of particle-emission source, particle-property analysis, measurement of background concentration, concentration measurement based on working activity, concentration calculation and analysis, and recording of measurements.

Conclusions
The draft guideline based on traditional industrial hygiene practices can be used to identify the emission source of nanomaterials, qualitatively and quantitatively assess exposure to nanomaterials in workplaces.
Organophosphate hydrolase interacts with Ton components and is targeted to the membrane only in the presence of the ExbB/ExbD complex
Authors: Gudla Ramurthy , Konduru Guruprasad Varma , Nagarajaram Hampapathalu Adimurty , Siddavattam Dayananda 
Published: February 2019

Our study aims to investigate the physiological role of organophosphate hydrolase (OPH), hitherto known for its involvement in the degradation of organophosphate insecticides and nerve agents in Sphingobium fuliginis. We find that OPH exists as part of the TonB‐dependent Transport system that is involved in nutrient transport across the bacterial outer membrane. OPH interacts physically with the Ton complex components ExbD and TonB. The surface‐exposed arginine residues (R91 and R96) of OPH facilitate its interaction with ExbD. OPH is targeted to the inner membrane of Escherichia coli only when it is co‐expressed with either ExbD or the ExbB/ExbD complex. In the absence of ExbD, OPH remains in the cytoplasm. Our findings suggest a role for OPH in outer membrane transport.
Observer‐based fuzzy adaptive quantized control for uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Qu Fuyi , Tong Shaocheng 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper focuses on consensus quantized control design problem for uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems with unmeasured states. Every follower can be denoted through a system with unmeasurable states, hysteretic quantized input, and unknown nonlinearities. Fuzzy state observer and Fuzzy logic systems are employed to estimate unmeasured states and approximate unknown nonlinear functions, respectively. The hysteretic quantized input can be split into two bounded nonlinear functions to avoid chattering problem. By combining adaptive backstepping and first‐order filter signals, an observer‐based fuzzy adaptive quantized control scheme is designed for each follower. All signals exist in closed‐loop systems are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and all followers can accomplish a desired consensus results. Finally, a numerical example is employed to elaborate the effectiveness of proposed control strategy.
Two‐Stage Size Decrease and Enhanced Photoacoustic Performance of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer‐Gold Nanorod Assembly for Increased Tumor Penetration
Authors: Liu Tianji , Tong Lingling , Lv Ningning , Ge Xiaoguang , Fu Qinrui , Gao Shi , Ma Qingjie , Song Jibin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA promising theranostic platform for solid tumors would deliver and release anticancer nanomedicine effectively in tumor cells. However, diverse biological barriers, especially related to the tumor microenvironment, impede these theranostic agents from reaching the tumor cell. Herein, a sequential pH and reduction‐responsive polymer and gold nanorod (AuNR) core–shell assembly to overcome these barriers via a two‐stage size decrease and disassembly of the nanoplatform responding to the specified tumor microenvironment are reported. The tumor uptake of the hybrid nanoparticle (NP) is 14.2% ID g−1, which is two and four times higher than the noneresponsive hybrid NPs and small AuNR@PEG, respectively. After tumor uptake of the hybrid NPs, the disassembled ultrasmall AuNRs coated with a polymer of polymerized reduction‐responsive doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug monomers penetrate into the solid tumor and lead to localized DOX release in the tumor cell. A linear increase in photoacustic (PA) effects from the PA activating polymer on an AuNR cluster surface indicates a critical role of electromagnetic fields in the AuNR assembly, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation results. Furthermore, the hybrid NP can serve as a promising deep‐tissue PA and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering imaging agent for real‐time in vivo investigation of physiological behaviors and deep tumor penetrating nanotherapy effects.
Bioinspired Artificial Sensory Nerve Based on Nafion Memristor
Authors: Zhang Chen , Ye Wen Bin , Zhou Kui , Chen Hong‐Ye , Yang Jia‐Qin , Ding Guanglong , Chen Xiaoli , Zhou Ye , Zhou Li , Li Fengjiao , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBioinspired artificial haptic neuron system has received much attention in the booming artificial intelligence industry for its broad range of high‐impact applications such as personal healthcare monitoring, electronic skins, and human–machine interfaces. An artificial haptic neuron system is designed by integrating a piezoresistive sensor and a Nafion‐based memristor for the first time in this paper. The piezoresistive sensor serves as a sensory receptor to transform mechanical stimuli into electric signals, and the Nafion‐based memristor serves as the synapse to further process the information. The pyramid‐structured sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity (6.7 × 107 kPa−1 in 1–5 kPa and 3.8 × 105 kPa−1 in 5–50 kPa) and durability (>7000 cycles), while the memristor realizes fundamental synaptic functions under low power consumption (10–200 pJ) and remains stable for over 104 consecutive tests. The integrated system can detect tactile stimuli encoded with temporal information, such as the count, frequency, duration and speed of the external force. As a proof‐of‐concept, English characters recognition with high accuracy can be achieved on the system under a supervised learning method. This work shows promising potential in bioinspired sensing systems owing to the high performance, excellent durability, and simple fabrication procedure.
Comb and Bottlebrush Polymers with Superior Rheological and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Abbasi Mahdi , Faust Lorenz , Wilhelm Manfred 
Published: February 2019

AbstractComb and bottlebrush polymers present a wide range of rheological and mechanical properties that can be controlled through their molecular characteristics, such as the backbone and side chain lengths as well as the number of branches per molecule or the grafting density. This review investigates the impact of these characteristics specifically on the zero shear viscosity, strain hardening behavior, and plateau shear modulus. It is shown that for a comb polymer with an entangled backbone and entangled side chains, a maximum in the strain hardening factor and minimum in the zero shear viscosity η0can be achieved through selection of an optimum number of branchesq. Bottlebrush polymers with flexible filaments and extremely low plateau shear moduli relative to linear polymers open the door for a new class of solvent‐free supersoft elastomers, where their network modulus can be controlled through both the degree of polymerization between crosslinks,nx, and the length of the side chains,nsc, with .
Progress in the Development of Fe‐Based PGM‐Free Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Martinez Ulises , Komini Babu Siddharth , Holby Edward F. , Chung Hoon T. , Yin Xi , Zelenay Piotr 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDevelopment of alternative energy sources is crucial to tackle challenges encountered by the growing global energy demand. Hydrogen fuel, a promising way to store energy produced from renewable power sources, can be converted into electrical energy at high efficiency via direct electrochemical conversion in fuel cells, releasing water as the sole byproduct. One important drawback to current fuel‐cell technology is the high content of platinum‐group‐metal (PGM) electrocatalysts required to perform the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Addressing this challenge, remarkable progress has been made in the development of low‐cost PGM‐free electrocatalysts synthesized from inexpensive, earth‐abundant, and easily sourced materials such as iron, nitrogen, and carbon (Fe–N–C). PGM‐free Fe–N–C electrocatalysts now exhibit ORR activities approaching that of PGM electrocatalysts but at a fraction of the cost, promising to significantly reduce overall fuel‐cell technology costs. Herein, recent developments in PGM‐free electrocatalysis, demonstrating increased fuel‐cell performance, as well as efforts aimed at understanding the key limiting factor, i.e., the nature of the PGM‐free active site, are summarized. Further improvements will be accomplished through the controlled and/or rationally designed synthesis of materials with higher active‐site densities, while at the same time establishing methods to mitigate catalyst degradation.
Twisted Surface Plasmons with Spin‐Controlled Gold Surfaces
Authors: Tsai Wei‐Yi , Sun Quan , Hu Guangwei , Wu Pin Chieh , Lin Ren Jie , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Ueno Kosei , Misawa Hiroaki , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwisted photon, associated with orbital angular momentum (OAM), is a physical notion that has long captivated the intriguing imagination and wide applications. Owing to the native orthogonality between different topological charges of the vortices, it will be of significant value to generate, access, and discriminate the vortex on integrated chips. Archimedean spirals or multiple split gratings are commonly employed to generate OAMs on plasmonic films. However, the single‐crystalline plasmonic surface sets a very stringent condition of probing the on‐chip OAM dynamics at sub‐femtosecond scale. In previous reports, spins of the incident light and actual topological charge of the on‐chip OAM generator are also hybridized due to the intrinsic spin‐to‐orbital angular momentum conversion, making the direct discrimination of plasmonic vortex impossible. Here, a paradigm of generating twisted surface plasmons is presented in a fully spin‐controlled fashion. With the two‐photon photoemission electron microscopy, the dynamics of OAM formation is demonstrated at subwavelength spatial resolution and sub‐femtosecond temporal resolution simultaneously, revealing its OAM‐dependent angular velocity. In addition, this scheme of twisting on‐chip plasmons shows that the challenging crystalline requirement of the thin film can be significantly alleviated. The results open up a distinct way to multiplex, record, and read the information with plasmons.
Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoindolinones via a Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative Diels‐Alder Reaction
Authors: Xu Wen‐Lei , Tang Lei , Ge Chen‐Yu , Chen Jie , Zhou Ling 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA metal‐free dehydrogenative Diels‐Alder reaction of substituted alkenes for the synthesis of tetrahydroisoindolinones has been exploited for the first time. This new method features functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope, providing an efficient access to biologically active tetrahydroisoindolinone skeletons with endo steroselectivity in good to excellent yields.magnified image
Co–B Nanoflakes as Multifunctional Bridges in ZnCo2O4 Micro‐/Nanospheres for Superior Lithium Storage with Boosted Kinetics and Stability
Authors: Deng Jiaojiao , Yu Xiaoliang , Qin Xianying , Zhou Dong , Zhang Lihan , Duan Huan , Kang Feiyu , Li Baohua , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTransition metal oxides hold great promise as high‐energy anodes in next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. However, owing to the inherent limitations of low electronic/ionic conductivities and dramatic volume change during charge/discharge, it is still challenging to fabricate practically viable compacted and thick TMO anodes with satisfactory electrochemical performance. Herein, with mesoporous cobalt–boride nanoflakes serving as multifunctional bridges in ZnCo2O4 micro‐/nanospheres, a compacted ZnCo2O4/Co–B hybrid structure is constructed. Co–B nanoflakes not only bridge ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles and function as anchors for ZnCo2O4 micro‐/nanospheres to suppress the severe volume fluctuation, they also work as effective electron conduction bridges to promote fast electron transportation. More importantly, they serve as Li+ transfer bridges to provide significantly boosted Li+ diffusivity, evidenced from both experimental kinetics analysis and density functional theory calculations. The mesopores within Co–B nanoflakes help overcome the large Li+ diffusion barriers across 2D interfaces. As a result, the ZnCo2O4/Co–B electrode delivers high gravimetric/volumetric/areal capacities of 995 mAh g−1/1450 mAh cm−3/5.10 mAh cm−2, respectively, with robust rate capability and long‐term cyclability. The distinct interfacial design strategy provides a new direction for designing compacted conversion‐type anodes with superior lithium storage kinetics and stability for practical applications.
Monolithic Integration of All‐in‐One Supercapacitor for 3D Electronics
Authors: Wang Yang , Su Songyang , Cai Lejuan , Qiu Bocheng , Wang Ni , Xiong Jie , Yang Cheng , Tao Xiaoming , Chai Yang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA supercapacitor is usually stacked in the configuration of a layered sandwiched architecture, and has been adopted as discrete energy storage device or circuit component. However, this stacked structure decreases mechanical integrity, leads to low specific capacity, and prevents high‐density monolithic integration. Here all‐in‐one supercapacitors are fabricated by integrating cathode, anode, current collector, and separator into one monolithic glass fiber (GF) substrate together with other circuit components through matured and scalable fabrication techniques, the all‐in‐one supercapacitor is embedded as a component for 3D electronics. This all‐in‐one architecture demonstrates its effectiveness in the prevention of the delamination of the sandwiched supercapacitor and the minimization of the proportion of inactive materials. The supercapacitor delivers high power density (320 mW cm−3) and energy density (2.12 mWh cm−3), and exhibits a capacitance retention of 100% even after a continuous cycling of 431 h. Furthermore, a 3D polydimethylsiloxane/GF architecture is constructed for driving a flash light emitting diode system, where the all‐in‐one supercapacitor is monolithically integrated in the 3D system, and each layer is connected via vertical through‐holes. This all‐in‐one device can be constructed with a macroscopically available membrane and readily integrated into 3D systems without secondary packaging, providing the potential for high‐density heterogeneous 3D electronics.
Employment characteristics and cause‐specific mortality at automotive electronics manufacturing plants in Huntsville, Alabama
Authors: DeBono Nathan , Richardson David , Keil Alex , Kelly‐Reif Kaitlin , Robinson Whitney , Troester Melissa , Marshall Stephen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study was carried out in response to worker concerns over their exposure to lead solder and chlorinated solvents at automotive electronics manufacturing plants in Huntsville, Alabama.MethodsA study of 4396 United Autoworkers members ever‐employed at the plants between 1972 and 1993 was conducted with mortality follow‐up through 2016. Poisson regression was used to estimate mortality rate ratios (RR) according to employment characteristics, including calendar period of employment.ResultsPre‐1977 hires exhibited elevated adjusted rates of all‐cause (RR, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09‐1.52), cardiovascular (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.86), and digestive system (RR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.04‐5.10) disease mortality relative to the most recent hire group (1984‐1993). Never‐ versus ever‐employment in a skilled trade job was associated with elevated adjusted rates of all‐cause, all‐cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Nervous system disorder mortality was greatest among 1977‐1983 hires.ConclusionsElevated mortality among pre‐1977 hires is consistent with worker concerns over greater exposure to hazards at the original plant building.
Divergent Reactions between Alkynes and Dibenzenesulfonimide: Selective Synthesis of Ynamides and Enamides under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Xiang Dehu , Li Huan , Zhang Ling , Zhang Yunhua , Zhang Qian , Li Dong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDivergent reactions between alkynes and dibenzenesulfonimide that can generate ynamides and enamides selectively are reported. Oxidative C(sp)−H bond amidation of various arylacetylenes occurred in the presence of a hypervalent iodine reagent to form the corresponding ynamides. Without any catalyst or oxidant, direct hydroamidation occurred to produce regioselective Markovnikov's enamides. Both reactions proceeded under facile, neutral, and metal‐free conditions and possessed the merit of stable performance and easy operation.
A High‐Affinity Fluorescent Sensor for Catecholamine: Application to Monitoring Norepinephrine Exocytosis
Authors: Zhang Le , Liu Xin A. , Gillis Kevin D. , Glass Timothy E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA fluorescent sensor for catecholamines, NS510, is presented. The sensor is based on a quinolone fluorophore incorporating a boronic acid recognition element that gives it high affinity for catecholamines and a turn‐on response to norepinephrine. The sensor results in punctate staining of norepinephrine‐enriched chromaffin cells visualized using confocal microscopy indicating that it stains the norepinephrine in secretory vesicles. Amperometry in conjunction with total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy demonstrates that the sensor can be used to observe destaining of individual chromaffin granules upon exocytosis. NS510 is the highest affinity fluorescent norepinephrine sensor currently available and can be used for measuring catecholamines in live‐cell assays.
Perowskitoxid‐Elektroden zur leistungsstarken photoelektrochemischen Wasserspaltung
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Meigui , Xu Xiaomin , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhotoelektrochemische (PEC‐)Wasserspaltung bietet eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit zur Massenproduktion von erneuerbarem Wasserstoff aus Wasser. Zum Erzielen einer PEC‐Wasserspaltung mit hoher Effizienz für die Umwandlung von Solarenergie in Wasserstoff ist die Entwicklung kostengünstiger, aktiver und beständiger Halbleiter‐Photoelektroden von großer Bedeutung. Perowskitoxide als eine große Familie von Halbleiter‐Metalloxiden sind als Elektroden für die PEC‐Wasserspaltung intensiv untersucht worden; die Gründe hierfür sind ihre Häufigkeit, ihre hohe (photo)elektrochemische Stabilität, ihre Flexibilität bezüglich Zusammensetzung und Struktur, die eine Optimierung der elektrokatalytischen Aktivität ermöglicht, das überlegene Sonnenlichtabsorptionsvermögen sowie die präzise Steuer‐ und Abstimmbarkeit von Bandlücken und ‐kanten. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Fortschritte bei der Gestaltung, Entwicklung und Anwendung von Perowskitoxiden für die PEC‐Wasserspaltung zusammengefasst, mit besonderem Schwerpunkt auf dem Verständnis der Beziehung zwischen Zusammensetzung/Struktur und (photo)elektrochemischer Aktivität.
Olefine und polare Vinylmonomere: Überbrückung der Lücke für Materialien der nächsten Generation
Authors: Keyes Anthony , Basbug Alhan Hatice E. , Ordonez Estela , Ha Uyen , Beezer Dain B. , Dau Huong , Liu Yu‐Sheng , Tsogtgerel Enkhjargal , Jones Glen R. , Harth Eva 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDie inhärenten Reaktivitätsunterschiede zwischen aktivierten und nicht aktivierten Alkenen verhindern ihre Copolymerisation über die etablierten Synthesetechniken der Polymerchemie. In den vergangenen 20 Jahren hat die Forschung zur Copolymerisation von polaren Vinylmonomeren und Olefinen erhebliche Fortschritte gemacht. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt die Schwierigkeiten im Zusammenhang mit konventionellen Polymerisationsverfahren auf und beurteilt die wichtigsten Methoden, die zum “Überbrücken der Lücke” zwischen polaren Vinylmonomeren und Olefinen entwickelt wurden. Wir besprechen die Fortschritte bei mit Heteroatomen verträglichen Koordinations‐/Insertionspolymerisationen, Kontrollmethoden für radikalische Polymerisationen zum Einbau olefinischer Polymere sowie kombinierte Verfahren, die sequenzielle Polymerisationen nutzen. Schließlich diskutieren wir aktuelle, auf Stimuli reagierende Systeme, die einfaches Umschalten zwischen katalytischen Mechanismen ermöglichen, und geben einen Ausblick auf Anwendungen für maßgeschneiderte Copolymere.