bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitting viscoelastic mechanical models to seismic attenuation and velocity dispersion observations and applications to full waveform modelling
Authors: Liu Xu , Greenhalgh Stewart 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARY
The Cole–Cole mechanical model can match a simple seismic attenuation curve over a broad frequency range, but it is not a suitable model for replicating complicated seismic attenuation dispersion curves which exhibit multiple peaks or display pronounced asymmetry. In this case, we use the General Fractional Zener (GFZ) Model, which comprises multiple Cole–Cole elements, to approximate the attenuation observations. The observations here represent the arbitrary (frequency-dependent) dispersion behaviour from actual measurements (phase velocities and/or dissipation factors) or from some physical dissipation mechanism(s) such as local induced fluid flow in effective Biot theory. The key parameters of these viscoelastic models, which include the stress and strain relaxation times and the fractional derivative orders, are determined with a simulated annealing method. Instead of searching for the relaxation times directly, we search for the Zener peak attenuation points and corresponding frequencies, each of which corresponds to a pair of relaxation times. We show that just two fractional Zener elements can sometimes provide a satisfactory approximation to the observations over the entire frequency range. A simple deterministic method is developed to extract the parameters of the single element Zener model using phase velocity observations. As a special case of the GFZ model, we found and proved the constancy of the width of the attenuation curves at the half maximum amplitude point (FWHM) for all Zener models which is critical to the design of reasonable observation frequencies. We stress and demonstrate that ignoring the frequency-dependence of Q may result in significant discrepancies of calculated waveforms with observed or predicted values.
3-D attenuation tomography from microseismicity in a mine
Authors: Barthwal Himanshu , Calixto Frank J , van der Baan Mirko 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYWe perform 3-D attenuation tomography using microseismic data recorded during an underground mine development. The whole path attenuation parameter t* is obtained by least-squares inversion of P-wave amplitude spectra of the events recorded by 7 monitoring wells each containing 4 3C geophones. The corner frequencies obtained during P-wave spectral inversion of the 488 identified events range from 140 to 220 Hz which are typical for microseismic events with a negative moment magnitude of around –1. The quality factor Q obtained from tomographic inversion varies between 9 and 72 with the event cluster location characterized by a low Q value of 10. Two high Q regions of 30–72 are located at depths of 0.45 and 0.5 km, one between 0–0.15 km east and 0.3–0.5 km north which correlate with the high-grade ore deposit, and another centred around 0.45 km east and 0.25 km north. The high (-low) Q values, in general, correlates with the high (-low) velocities present in the velocity tomography model. A joint interpretation of seismic attenuation and velocity models reveals the heterogeneity present in the mine which aids in delineating the ore body using seismic waves in addition to other measurements such as gravity inversion and direct sampling from drillholes.
Effectiveness and Safety of the Sequential Use of a Second and Third Anti-TNF Agent in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Eneida Registry
Authors: Casanova María José , Chaparro María , Mínguez Miguel , Ricart Elena , Taxonera Carlos , García-López Santiago , Guardiola Jordi , López-San Román Antonio , Iglesias Eva , Beltrán Belén , Sicilia Beatriz , Vera María Isabel , Hinojosa Joaquín , Riestra Sabino , Domènech Eugeni , Calvet Xavier , Pérez-Calle José Lázaro , Martín-Arranz María Dolores , Aldeguer Xavier , Rivero Montserrat , Monfort David , Barrio Jesús , Esteve María , Márquez Lucía , Lorente Rufo , García-Planella Esther , de Castro Luisa , Bermejo Fernando , Merino Olga , Rodríguez-Pérez Antonio , Martínez-Montiel Pilar , Van Domselaar Manuel , Alcaín Guillermo , Domínguez-Cajal Manuel , Muñoz Carmen , Gomollón Fernando , Fernández-Salazar Luis , García-Sepulcre Mariana Fe , Rodríguez-Lago Iago , Gutiérrez Ana , Argüelles-Arias Federico , Rodriguez Cristina , Rodríguez Gloria Esther , Bujanda Luis , Llaó Jordina , Varela Pilar , Ramos Laura , Huguet José María , Almela Pedro , Romero Patricia , Navarro-Llavat Mercè , Abad Águeda , Ramírez-de la Piscina Patricia , Lucendo Alfredo J , Sesé Eva , Madrigal Rosa Eva , Charro Mara , García-Herola Antonio , Pajares Ramón , Khorrami Sam , Gisbert Javier P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The effectiveness of the switch to another anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent is not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of treatment with a second and third anti-TNF drug after intolerance to or failure of a previous anti-TNF agent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

Methods
We included patients diagnosed with IBD from the ENEIDA registry who received another anti-TNF after intolerance to or failure of a prior anti-TNF agent.

Results
A total of 1122 patients were included. In the short term, remission was achieved in 55% of the patients with the second anti-TNF. The incidence of loss of response was 19% per patient-year with the second anti-TNF. Combination therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–3; P < 0.0001) and ulcerative colitis vs Crohn’s disease (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1–2.1; P = 0.005) were associated with a higher probability of loss of response. Fifteen percent of the patients had adverse events, and 10% had to discontinue the second anti-TNF. Of the 71 patients who received a third anti-TNF, 55% achieved remission. The incidence of loss of response was 22% per patient-year with a third anti-TNF. Adverse events occurred in 7 patients (11%), but only 1 stopped the drug.

Conclusions
Approximately half of the patients who received a second anti-TNF achieved remission; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response. Combination therapy and type of IBD were associated with loss of response. Remission was achieved in almost 50% of patients who received a third anti-TNF; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response.
Assessing Small Bowel Stricturing and Morphology in Crohn’s Disease Using Semi-automated Image Analysis
Authors: Stidham Ryan W , Enchakalody Binu , Waljee Akbar K , Higgins Peter D R , Wang Stewart C , Su Grace L , Wasnik Ashish P , Al-Hawary Mahmoud 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Evaluating structural damage using imaging is essential for the evaluation of small intestinal Crohn’s disease (CD), but it is limited by potential interobserver variation. We compared the agreement of enterography-based bowel damage measurements collected by experienced radiologists and a semi-automated image analysis system.

Methods
Patients with small bowel CD undergoing a CT-enterography (CTE) between 2011 and 2017 in a tertiary care setting were retrospectively reviewed. CT-enterography studies were reviewed by 2 experienced radiologists and separately underwent automated computer image analysis using bowel measurement software. Measurements included maximum bowel wall thickness (BWT-max), maximum bowel dilation (DIL-max), minimum lumen diameter (LUM-min), and the presence of a stricture. Measurement correlation coefficients and paired t tests were used to compare individual operator measurements. Multivariate regression was used to model identification of strictures using semi-automated measures.

Results
In 138 studies, the correlation between radiologists and semi-automated measures were similar for BWT-max (r = 0.724, 0.702), DIL-max (r = 0.812, 0.748), and LUM-min (r = 0.428, 0.381), respectively. Mean absolute measurement difference between semi-automated and radiologist measures were no different from the mean difference between paired radiologists for BWT-max (1.26 mm vs 1.12 mm, P = 0.857), DIL-max (2.78 mm vs 2.67 mm, P = 0.557), and LUM-min (0.54 mm vs 0.41 mm, P = 0.596). Finally, models of radiologist-defined intestinal strictures using automatically acquired measurements had an accuracy of 87.6%.

Conclusion
Structural bowel damage measurements collected by semi-automated approaches are comparable to those of experienced radiologists. Radiomic measures of CD will become an important new data source powering clinical decision-making, patient-phenotyping, and assisting radiologists in reporting objective measures of disease status.
Pneumonectomy is necessary following delayed detection of pulmonary artery compromise
Authors: Moten Ambria S , Abbas Abbas E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
It has been previously suggested that lung tissue remains viable without blood supply from the pulmonary artery (PA). However, our experience demonstrates otherwise. We present 2 cases of accidental left lower lobe PA occlusion during upper lobectomy causing ischaemic changes to the remaining lung tissue. Both patients became septic secondary to necrosis of infarcted lung and required completion pneumonectomy. Development of collateral circulation to bypass the occluded PA may occur but is often insufficient to support the affected lung tissue. Unless the patient is medically unfit, resection of the ischaemic lung should be undertaken.
Data-sampling controllability of multi-agent systems
Authors: Zhao Bin , Guan Yongqiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we consider data-sampling controllability of multi-agent systems (MASs), where the interconnection topology is directed and weighted and the nodes have generic linear kinetic dynamics. First, the asynchronous data sampling protocols and synchronous data sampling protocols are proposed, respectively. Then the discussions focus on deriving the necessary and sufficient conditions for data-sampling controllability of MASs with a single leader and multiple leaders. The criteria for data-sampling controllability are derived in terms of recursions of matrix multiplication. For the single-leader situation, the asynchronous data-sampling controllability is equivalently transformed to be the output controllability of a discrete linear system. For the multiple-leader situation, the asynchronous data-sampling controllability is equivalently transformed to be the output controllability of a discrete time-delayed linear system. Finally, the synchronous data-sampling controllability is discussed as a special case of asynchronous data-sampling controllability. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Replication of a Nipah Virus Encoding a Nuclear-Retained Matrix Protein
Authors: Ringel Marc , Behner Laura , Heiner Anja , Sauerhering Lucie , Maisner Andrea 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) matrix protein (NiV M) plays a major role in virus assembly. It undergoes nuclear transit before accumulating at the plasma membrane and recruiting nucleocapsids to the budding sites. Because nuclear NiV M cannot be detected in all cell types, we wondered whether it can reach the cell surface by bypassing the nucleus. Using an M mutant with a defective nuclear export signal (MNESmut), however, we revealed that the nuclear import of M is ubiquitous, because MNESmut was retained in the nuclei of all cell types tested. Because a functional nuclear transit is a general prerequisite for M surface transport, we wanted to characterize the effect of nuclear-retained M protein in a full viral context and generated a recombinant NiV-MNESmut. Mutant NiV-MNESmut caused increased cell-cell fusion and produced lower virus titers. As expected for an assembly defective NiV, perinuclear inclusions (IBperi) were formed, but inclusions at the plasma membrane (IBPM), which probably represent the viral assembly platforms, were not found. It is interesting to note that the transport-defective MNESmut was recruited to IBperi. This probably prevents overaccumulation of nonfunctional M proteins in the cytoplasm and nuclei of NiV-infected cells and thus provides first evidence that IBperi are functionally relevant aggresome-like compartments.
A causal imaging condition for reverse time migration using the Discrete Hilbert transform and its efficient implementation on GPU
Authors: Li Feipeng , Gao Jinghuai , Gao Zhaoqi , Jiang Xiudi , Sun Wenbo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Reverse time migration (RTM) has shown a significant advantage over other imaging algorithms for imaging complex subsurface structures. However, low-wavenumber noise severely contaminates the image, which is one of the main issues in the RTM algorithm. To attenuate the undesired low-wavenumber noise, the causal imaging condition based on wavefield decomposition has been proposed. First, wavefield decompositions are performed to separate the wavefields as up-going and down-going wave components, respectively. Then, to preserve causality, it constructs images by correlating wave components that propagate in different directions. We build a causal imaging condition in this paper. Not only does it consider the up/down wavefield decomposition, but it also applies the decomposition on the horizontal direction to enhance the image quality especially for steeply dipping structures. The wavefield decomposition is conventionally achieved by the frequency-wavenumber (F-K) transform that is very computationally intensive compared with the wave propagation process of the RTM algorithm. To improve the efficiency of the algorithm, we propose a fast implementation to perform wavefield separation using the discrete Hilbert transform via the Graphics Processing Unit. Numerical tests on both the synthetic models and a real data example demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the efficiency of the optimized implementation scheme. This new imaging condition shows its ability to produce high image quality when applied to both the RTM stack image and also the angle domain common image gathers. The comparison of the total elapsed time for different methods verifies the efficiency of the optimized algorithm.
Peptidoglycan layer and disruption processes in Bacillus subtilis cells visualized using quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopy
Authors: Tulum Isil , Tahara Yuhei O , Miyata Makoto 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPeptidoglycan, which is the main component of the bacterial cell wall, is a heterogeneous polymer of glycan strands cross-linked with short peptides and is synthesized in cooperation with the cell division cycle. Although it plays a critical role in bacterial survival, its architecture is not well understood. Herein, we visualized the architecture of the peptidoglycan surface in Bacillus subtilis at the nanometer resolution, using quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopy (EM). Filamentous structures were observed on the entire surface of the cell, where filaments about 11 nm wide formed concentric circles on cell poles, filaments about 13 nm wide formed a circumferential mesh-like structure on the cylindrical part and a ‘piecrust’ structure was observed at the boundary. When growing cells were treated with lysozyme, the entire cell mass migrated to one side and came out from the cell envelope. Fluorescence labeling showed that lysozyme preferentially bound to a cell pole and cell division site, where the peptidoglycan synthesis was not complete. Ruffling of surface structures was observed during EM. When cells were treated with penicillin, the cell mass came out from a cleft around the cell division site. Outward curvature of the protoplast at the cleft seen using EM suggested that turgor pressure was applied as the peptidoglycan was not damaged at other positions. When muropeptides were depleted, surface filaments were lost while the rod shape of the cell was maintained. These changes can be explained on the basis of the working points of the chemical structure of peptidoglycan.
DNA Repair Biomarker for Lung Cancer Risk and its Correlation With Airway Cells Gene Expression
Authors: Paz-Elizur Tamar , Leitner-Dagan Yael , Meyer Kerstin B , Markus Barak , Giorgi Federico M , O’Reilly Martin , Kim Hyunjin , Evgy Yentl , Fluss Ronen , Freedman Laurence S , Rintoul Robert C , Ponder Bruce , Livneh Zvi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Improving lung cancer risk assessment is required because current early-detection screening criteria miss most cases. We therefore examined the utility for lung cancer risk assessment of a DNA Repair score obtained from OGG1, MPG, and APE1 blood tests. In addition, we examined the relationship between the level of DNA repair and global gene expression.

Methods
We conducted a blinded case-control study with 150 non–small cell lung cancer case patients and 143 control individuals. DNA Repair activity was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the transcriptome of nasal and bronchial cells was determined by RNA sequencing. A combined DNA Repair score was formed using logistic regression, and its correlation with disease was assessed using cross-validation; correlation of expression to DNA Repair was analyzed using Gene Ontology enrichment.

Results
DNA Repair score was lower in case patients than in control individuals, regardless of the case’s disease stage. Individuals at the lowest tertile of DNA Repair score had an increased risk of lung cancer compared to individuals at the highest tertile, with an odds ratio (OR) of 7.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.0 to 17.5; P &lt; .001), and independent of smoking. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an area under the curve  of 0.89 (95% CI = 0.82 to 0.93). Remarkably, low DNA Repair score correlated with a broad upregulation of gene expression of immune pathways in patients but not in control individuals.

Conclusions
The DNA Repair score, previously shown to be a lung cancer risk factor in the Israeli population, was validated in this independent study as a mechanism-based cancer risk biomarker and can substantially improve current lung cancer risk prediction, assisting prevention and early detection by computed tomography scanning.
Studying Country-Specific Engagements with the International Court of Justice
Authors: Young Margaret A , Nyhan Emma , Charlesworth Hilary 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Countries engage with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as litigants, as participants in advisory proceedings and, less directly, through contributions of nationals as judges or lawyers. A broad range of scholarship within the discipline of public international law examines this engagement. Specific regional experiences are often emphasized and grouped, for example, by western, African or Asian accounts. Yet the nature and extent of scholarship on a single country’s engagement with the Court are less commonly explored. This article surveys scholarly approaches to specific domestic engagement with the ICJ. It focuses on six countries—Australia, France, Nicaragua, Russia, the UK and the USA—and examines the scholarship generated by each of these countries’ encounters with the Court. This scholarship provides insights into politics, history, institutional practice, professional experience and international legal doctrine. Preliminary in scope, the article points to the value of empirical, historical and country-specific accounts of the work of the ICJ.
Skin ligation and argon beam coagulation for giant pachydermatocele resection
Authors: Morita Daiki , Nemoto Hitoshi , Togo Tomoichiro , Kimura Naohiro , Ito Yoshinori 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Resection of giant neurofibroma in neurofibromatosis type 1 has a high risk of perioperative bleeding because the tumors are enriched in blood vessels, which are weakened due to the loss and thinning of vascular smooth muscle. Therefore, we combined skin ligation around the tumor and use of an argon beam coagulator (ABC) for hemostasis during resecting the giant neurofibroma. The ABC is a non-contact-type hemostasis device employing argon gas as a medium. We examined the usefulness of our method by retrospectively comparing the outcomes of the ABC-use group with those of the non-use group (7 patients, 9 tumors). Although there was no difference in resected tumor weight between the two groups, the operation time was slightly shorter and the volume of blood loss was smaller in ABC-use group than in the non-use group. Our method for hemostasis is easy and safe and is considered to be a useful method.
Abnormal development of the inferior vena cava and its implications on distal venous drainage during cardiac surgery and other clinical entities
Authors: Dávalos Gerardo A , Muñoz Carmina A , Cornejo Francisco J , Garcés Juan , Endara Santiago A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are caused by an abnormal persistence or regression of embryonic precursor veins; they are usually incidental findings on imaging studies. These rare conditions have a 0.6% prevalence in individuals with congenital heart diseases and 0.3% in healthy patients. The purpose of this paper was to report two cases of interruption of IVC with hemiazygos continuation and its implications during surgery, highlighting that after recognizing this anomalous drainage the surgeon should be prepared to change the surgical strategies, especially in cardiovascular surgery, in order to obtain adequate circulatory flows or surgical exposure where venous cannulation could be difficult. We have also reported two cases of healthy patients with the same isolated IVC anomaly with no clinical repercussions, which can develop in the future.
Distinct metabolic pathways drive monoterpenoid biosynthesis in a natural population of Pelargonium graveolens
Authors: Bergman Matthew E , Chávez Ángel , Ferrer Albert , Phillips Michael A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pelargonium graveolens is a wild predecessor to rose-scented geranium hybrids prized for their essential oils used as fragrances and flavorings. However, little is known about their biosynthesis. Here we present metabolic evidence that at least two distinct monoterpene biosynthetic pathways contribute to their volatile profiles, namely, cyclic p-menthanes such as (−)-isomenthone and acyclic monoterpene alcohols such as geraniol and (−)-citronellol and their derivatives (referred to here as citronelloid monoterpenes). We established their common origin via the 2C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway but found no indication these pathways share common intermediates beyond geranyl diphosphate. Untargeted volatile profiling of 22 seed-grown P. graveolens lines demonstrated distinct chemotypes that preferentially accumulate (−)-isomenthone, geraniol, or (−)-citronellol along with approximately 85 minor volatile products. Whole plant 13CO2 isotopic labeling performed under physiological conditions permitted us to measure the in vivo rates of monoterpenoid accumulation in these lines and quantify differences in metabolic modes between chemotypes. We further determined that p-menthane monoterpenoids in Pelargonium are likely synthesized from (+)-limonene via (+)-piperitone rather than (+)-pulegone. Exploitation of this natural population enabled a detailed dissection of the relative rates of competing p-menthane and citronelloid pathways in this species, providing real time rates of monoterpene accumulation in glandular trichomes.