bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse populations of local interneurons integrate into the Drosophila adult olfactory circuit
Authors: Liou Nan-Fu , Lin Shih-Han , Chen Ying-Jun , Tsai Kuo-Ting , Yang Chi-Jen , Lin Tzi-Yang , Wu Ting-Han , Lin Hsin-Ju , Chen Yuh-Tarng , Gohl Daryl M. , Silies Marion , Chou Ya-Hui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDrosophila olfactory local interneurons (LNs) in the antennal lobe are highly diverse and variable. How and when distinct types of LNs emerge, differentiate, and integrate into the olfactory circuit is unknown. Through systematic developmental analyses, we found that LNs are recruited to the adult olfactory circuit in three groups. Group 1 LNs are residual larval LNs. Group 2 are adult-specific LNs that emerge before cognate sensory and projection neurons establish synaptic specificity, and Group 3 LNs emerge after synaptic specificity is established. Group 1 larval LNs are selectively reintegrated into the adult circuit through pruning and re-extension of processes to distinct regions of the antennal lobe, while others die during metamorphosis. Precise temporal control of this pruning and cell death shapes the global organization of the adult antennal lobe. Our findings provide a road map to understand how LNs develop and contribute to constructing the olfactory circuit.
Experimental realization of a Rydberg optical Feshbach resonance in a quantum many-body system
Authors: Thomas O. , Lippe C. , Eichert T. , Ott H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFeshbach resonances are a powerful tool to tune the interaction in an ultracold atomic gas. The commonly used magnetic Feshbach resonances are specific for each species and are restricted with respect to their temporal and spatial modulation. Optical Feshbach resonances are an alternative which can overcome this limitation. Here, we show that ultra-long-range Rydberg molecules can be used to implement an optical Feshbach resonance. Tuning the on-site interaction of a degenerate Bose gas in a 3D optical lattice, we demonstrate a similar performance compared to recent realizations of optical Feshbach resonances using intercombination transitions. Our results open up a class of optical Feshbach resonances with a plenitude of available lines for many atomic species and the possibility to further increase the performance by carefully selecting the underlying Rydberg state.
Anomalous Hall magnetoresistance in a ferromagnet
Authors: Yang Yumeng , Luo Ziyan , Wu Haijun , Xu Yanjun , Li Run-Wei , Pennycook Stephen J. , Zhang Shufeng , Wu Yihong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe anomalous Hall effect, observed in conducting ferromagnets with broken time-reversal symmetry, offers the possibility to couple spin and orbital degrees of freedom of electrons in ferromagnets. In addition to charge, the anomalous Hall effect also leads to spin accumulation at the surfaces perpendicular to both the current and magnetization direction. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the spin accumulation, subsequent spin backflow, and spin–charge conversion can give rise to a different type of spin current-related spin current related magnetoresistance, dubbed here as the anomalous Hall magnetoresistance, which has the same angular dependence as the recently discovered spin Hall magnetoresistance. The anomalous Hall magnetoresistance is observed in four types of samples: co-sputtered (Fe1−xMn
x
)0.6Pt0.4, Fe1−xMn
x
/Pt multilayer, Fe1−xMn
x
with x = 0.17–0.65 and Fe, and analyzed using the drift-diffusion model. Our results provide an alternative route to study charge–spin conversion in ferromagnets and to exploit it for potential spintronic applications.
Boosting hot electron flux and catalytic activity at metal–oxide interfaces of PtCo bimetallic nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Hyosun , Lim Juhyung , Lee Changhwan , Back Seoin , An Kwangjin , Shin Jae Won , Ryoo Ryong , Jung Yousung , Park Jeong Young 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite numerous studies, the origin of the enhanced catalytic performance of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) remains elusive because of the ever-changing surface structures, compositions, and oxidation states of NPs under reaction conditions. An effective strategy for obtaining critical clues for the phenomenon is real-time quantitative detection of hot electrons induced by a chemical reaction on the catalysts. Here, we investigate hot electrons excited on PtCo bimetallic NPs during H2 oxidation by measuring the chemicurrent on a catalytic nanodiode while changing the Pt composition of the NPs. We reveal that the presence of a CoO/Pt interface enables efficient transport of electrons and higher catalytic activity for PtCo NPs. These results are consistent with theoretical calculations suggesting that lower activation energy and higher exothermicity are required for the reaction at the CoO/Pt interface.
Intraoperative detection of circulating tumor cells in pulmonary venous blood during metastasectomy for colorectal lung metastases
Authors: Le Uyen-Thao , Bronsert Peter , Picardo Francesco , Riethdorf Sabine , Haager Benedikt , Rylski Bartosz , Czerny Martin , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Wiesemann Sebastian , Pantel Klaus , Passlick Bernward , Kaifi Jussuf Thomas , Schmid Severin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTC) have been studied extensively in various tumor types and are a well-established prognosticator in colorectal cancer (CRC). This is the first study to isolate CTC directly from the tumor outflow in secondary lung tumors. For this purpose in 24 patients with CRC who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy in curative intent blood was drawn intraoperatively from the pulmonary vein (tumor outflow). In 22 samples CTC-enumeration was performed using CellSieve-microfilters and immunohistochemical- and Giemsa-staining. Additionally 10 blood samples were analyzed using the CellSearch-System. We could isolate more CTC in pulmonary venous blood (total 41, range 0–15) than in samples taken from the periphery at the same time (total 6, range 0–5, p = 0.09). Tumor positive lymph nodes correlated with presence of CTC in pulmonary venous blood as in all cases CTC were present (p = 0.02). Our findings suggest a tumor cell release from pulmonary metastases in CRC and a correlation of CTC isolated from the tumor outflow with established negative prognostic markers in metastasized CRC. The presented data warrant further investigations regarding the significance of local tumor compartments when analyzing circulating markers and the possibility of tumor cell shedding from secondary lung tumors.
Expression of the Shrimp wap gene in Drosophila elicits defense responses and protease inhibitory activity
Authors: Li Dianxiang , Luan Yuanyuan , Wang Lei , Qi Mei , Wang Jinxing , Xu Jidong , Arefin Badrul , Li Meixia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe wap gene encodes a single whey acidic protein (WAP) domain-containing peptide from Chinese white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis), which shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and proteinase inhibitory activities in vitro. To explore the medical applications of the WAP peptide, a wap gene transgenic Drosophila melanogaster was constructed. In wap-expressing flies, high expression levels of wap gene (>100 times) were achieved, in contrast to those of control flies, by qRT-PCR analysis. The wap gene expression was associated with increased resistance to microbial infection and decreased bacterial numbers in the flies. In addition, the WAP protein extract from wap-expressing flies, compared with control protein extract from control flies, showed improved antimicrobial activities against broad Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including the clinical drug resistant bacterium of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), improved protease inhibitor activities against crude proteinases and commercial proteinases, including elastase, subtilis proteinase A, and proteinase K in vitro, and improved growth rate and microbial resistance, as well as wound-healing in loach and mouse models. These results suggest that wap-expressing flies could be used as a food additive in aquaculture to prevent infections and a potential antibacterial for fighting drug-resistant bacteria.
MicroRNA-410-5p exacerbates high-fat diet-induced cardiac remodeling in mice in an endocrine fashion
Authors: Zou Tong , Zhu Mei , Ma Yi-Cheng , Xiao Fei , Yu Xue , Xu Li , Ma Lan-Qing , Yang Jiefu , Dong Jian-Zeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are associated with an increased risk of cardiomyopathy. To date, microRNA (miRNAs) functions in cardiac remodeling induced by obesity remain to be elucidated. We found that rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) manifested cardiac fibrosis and LV dysfunction. In the heart of rats fed HFD, the phosphorylation levels of Smad 2 and the expression of fibrotic genes, such as connective tissue growth factor, collagen-1α1 (Col1α1), Col3α1, and Col4α1, were up-regulated, which accompanied by an increase in Smad 7 protein levels, but not its mRNA levels. Using miRNA microarray analysis, we showed that the miRNA miR-410-5p inhibited the protein expression of Smad 7, thus increasing the phosphorylation levels of Smad 2. Overexpression of miR-410-5p promoted cardiac fibrosis in rats fed normal diet, whereas inhibition of miR-410-5p by way of miR-410-5p antimiR suppressed cardiac fibrosis in rats fed HFD. Finally, our data revealed that miR-410-5p from the kidney and adipose tissues was probably transferred to heart to induce cardiac fibrosis. Taken together, our study characterizes an endocrine mechanism in which adipose- or kidney-derived circulating miR-410-5p regulates metabolic disorders-mediated cardiac remodeling by activating the TGFβ/Smad signaling in heart.
Enhanced quantification of metabolic activity for individual adipocytes by label-free FLIM
Authors: Evers Michael , Salma Nunciada , Osseiran Sam , Casper Malte , Birngruber Reginald , Evans Conor L. , Manstein Dieter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of intrinsic fluorophores such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) allows for label-free quantification of metabolic activity of individual cells over time and in response to various stimuli, which is not feasible using traditional methods due to their destructive nature and lack of spatial information. This study uses FLIM to measure pharmacologically induced metabolic changes that occur during the browning of white fat. Adipocyte browning increases energy expenditure, making it a desirable prospect for treating obesity and related disorders. Expanding from the traditional two-lifetime model of NADH to a four-lifetime model using exponential fitting and phasor analysis of the fluorescence decay results in superior metabolic assessment compared to traditional FLIM analysis. The four lifetime components can also be mapped to specific cellular compartments to create a novel optical ratio that quantitatively reflects changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic NADH concentrations and binding states. This widely applicable approach constitutes a powerful tool for studies where monitoring cellular metabolism is of key interest.
The effect of tongue base suspension with uvulopalato-pharyngoplasty on sleep quality in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Tsou Yung-An , Huang Chen-Wei , Wu Tsu-Fang , Hung Lung-Wen , Chang Wen-Dien 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective was to investigate whether tongue base suspension with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is beneficial on polysomnography analysis for sleep quality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) anatomically classified as Fujita type III (small tonsils and a bulky tongue base). In the retrospective study, the charts of 36 patients with OSA that underwent tongue base suspension with UPPP from 2012 through 2015 were reviewed. The surgical outcome measured according to Sher’s classification (AHI reduction > 50% and AHI < 20 per hour as success group, otherwise as failure group). The pre- and post-operative sleep quality parameters were evaluated, and the total sleep time changes were evaluated based on electroencephalography study, slow wave sleep, sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement sleep percentile, and Epworth sleep scale scores. Respiratory, the outcomes of polysomnography analysis were then compared between the successful surgery and surgical failure groups during a 1-year follow up. Total arousals and reduced respiratory arousal indices, along with unchanged periodic leg movement and spontaneous electroencephalography arousal indices, were observed in the successful surgery group but not in the surgical failure group. There were 66% resulted in surgical success by this surgery, and 34% as in failure group according to Sher’s criteria. Patient sleep quality was further improved by reducing the respiratory arousal index and increasing the rapid eye movement sleep percentile during the 1-year follow up.
Integrated analysis of long noncoding RNA and mRNA expression profile in children with obesity by microarray analysis
Authors: Liu Yuesheng , Ji Yuqiang , Li Min , Wang Min , Yi Xiaoqing , Yin Chunyan , Wang Sisi , Zhang Meizhen , Zhao Zhao , Xiao Yanfeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important role in adipose tissue function and energy metabolism homeostasis, and abnormalities may lead to obesity. To investigate whether lncRNAs are involved in childhood obesity, we investigated the differential expression profile of lncRNAs in obese children compared with non-obese children. A total number of 1268 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 1085 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis revealed that these lncRNAs were involved in varied biological processes, including the inflammatory response, lipid metabolic process, osteoclast differentiation and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed to identify hub regulatory lncRNAs and genes based on the microarray expression profiles. This study for the first time identifies an expression profile of differentially expressed lncRNAs in obese children and indicated hub lncRNA RP11-20G13.3 attenuated adipogenesis of preadipocytes, which is conducive to the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of childhood obesity.
MicroRNA-7450 regulates non-thermal plasma-induced chicken Sertoli cell apoptosis via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation
Authors: Zhang Jiao Jiao , Wang Xian Zhong , Luong Do Huynh , Chandimali Nisansala , Kang Tae Yoon , Kim Nameun , Ghosh Mrinmoy , Lee Sang Baek , Mok Young Sun , Kim Seong Bong , Kwon Taeho , Jeong Dong Kee 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNon-thermal plasma treatment is an emerging innovative technique with a wide range of biological applications. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma technique on immature chicken Sertoli cell (SC) viability and the regulatory role of microRNA (miR)-7450. Results showed that plasma treatment increased SC apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Plasma-induced SC apoptosis possibly resulted from the excess production of reactive oxygen species via the suppression of antioxidant defense systems and decreased cellular energy metabolism through the inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and respiratory enzyme activity in the mitochondria. In addition, plasma treatment downregulated miR-7450 expression and activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), which further inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in SCs. A single-stranded synthetic miR-7450 antagomir disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ATP level and mTOR phosphorylation by targeting the activation of AMPKα, which resulted in significant increases in SC lethality. A double-stranded synthetic miR-7450 agomir produced opposite effects on these parameters and ameliorated plasma-mediated apoptotic effects on SCs. Our findings suggest that miR-7450 is involved in the regulation of plasma-induced SC apoptosis through the activation of AMPKα and the further inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway.
A New Paradigm in Earth Environmental Monitoring with the CYGNSS Small Satellite Constellation
Authors: Ruf Christopher S. , Chew Clara , Lang Timothy , Morris Mary G. , Nave Kyle , Ridley Aaron , Balasubramaniam Rajeswari 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA constellation of small, low-cost satellites is able to make scientifically valuable measurements of the Earth which can be used for weather forecasting, disaster monitoring, and climate studies. Eight CYGNSS satellites were launched into low Earth orbit on December 15, 2016. Each satellite carries a science radar receiver which measures GPS signals reflected from the Earth surface. The signals contain information about the surface, including wind speed over ocean, and soil moisture and flooding over land. The satellites are distributed around their orbit plane so that measurements can be made more often to capture extreme weather events. Innovative engineering approaches are used to reduce per satellite cost, increase the number in the constellation, and improve temporal sampling. These include the use of differential drag rather than propulsion to adjust the spacing between satellites and the use of existing GPS signals as the science radars’ transmitter. Initial on-orbit results demonstrate the scientific utility of the CYGNSS observations, and suggest that a new paradigm in spaceborne Earth environmental monitoring is possible.
Interactome analyses revealed that the U1 snRNP machinery overlaps extensively with the RNAP II machinery and contains multiple ALS/SMA-causative proteins
Authors: Chi Binkai , O’Connell Jeremy D. , Yamazaki Tomohiro , Gangopadhyay Jaya , Gygi Steven P. , Reed Robin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMutations in multiple RNA/DNA binding proteins cause Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Included among these are the three members of the FET family (FUS, EWSR1 and TAF15) and the structurally similar MATR3. Here, we characterized the interactomes of these four proteins, revealing that they largely have unique interactors, but share in common an association with U1 snRNP. The latter observation led us to analyze the interactome of the U1 snRNP machinery. Surprisingly, this analysis revealed the interactome contains ~220 components, and of these, >200 are shared with the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) machinery. Among the shared components are multiple ALS and Spinal muscular Atrophy (SMA)-causative proteins and numerous discrete complexes, including the SMN complex, transcription factor complexes, and RNA processing complexes. Together, our data indicate that the RNAP II/U1 snRNP machinery functions in a wide variety of molecular pathways, and these pathways are candidates for playing roles in ALS/SMA pathogenesis.
The hemochromatosis protein HFE signals predominantly via the BMP type I receptor ALK3 in vivo
Authors: Traeger Lisa , Enns Caroline A. , Krijt Jan , Steinbicker Andrea U. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMutations in HFE, the most common cause of hereditary hemochromatosis, lead to iron overload. The iron overload is characterized by increased iron uptake due to lower levels of the hepatic, iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. HFE was cloned 21 years ago, but the signaling pathway is still unknown. Because bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is impaired in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, and the interaction of HFE and the BMP type I receptor ALK3 was suggested in vitro, in vivo experiments were performed. In vivo, hepatocyte-specific Alk3-deficient and control mice were injected with either AAV2/8-Hfe-Flag or PBS. HFE overexpression in control mice results in increased hepatic hepcidin levels, p-Smad1/5 levels, and iron deficiency anemia, whereas overexpression of HFE in hepatocyte-specific Alk3-deficient mice results in no change in hepcidin, p-Smad1/5 levels, or blood parameters. These results indicate that HFE signals predominantly via ALK3 to induce hepcidin in vivo.
Energy conversion in cometary atmospheres
Authors: Lindkvist J. , Hamrin M. , Gunell H. , Nilsson H. , Wedlund C. S. , Kallio E. , Mann I. , Pitkänen T. , Karlsson T. 
Published: June 2018

Aims. We wish to investigate the energy conversion between particles and electromagnetic fields and determine the location where it occurs in the plasma environment of comets.
Methods. We used a hybrid plasma model that included photoionization, and we considered two cases of the solar extreme ultraviolet flux. Other parameters corresponded to the conditions of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko at a heliocentric distance of 1.5 AU.
Results. We find that a shock-like structure is formed upstream of the comet and acts as an electromagnetic generator, similar to the bow shock at Earth that slows down the solar wind. The Poynting flux transports electromagnetic energy toward the inner coma, where newly born cometary ions are accelerated. Upstream of the shock-like structure, we find local energy transfer from solar wind ions to cometary ions. We show that mass loading can be a local process with a direct transfer of energy, but also part of a dynamo system with electromagnetic generators and loads.
Conclusions. The energization of cometary ions is governed by a dynamo system for weak ionization, but changes into a large conversion region with local transfer of energy directly from solar wind protons for high ionization.
Risk, Prediction and Prevention of Hereditary Breast Cancer – Large-Scale Genomic Studies in Times of Big and Smart Data
Authors: Wunderle Marius , Olmes Gregor , Nabieva Naiba , Häberle Lothar , Jud Sebastian , Hein Alexander , Rauh Claudia , Hack Carolin , Erber Ramona , Ekici Arif , Hoyer Juliane , Vasileiou Georgia , Kraus Cornelia , Reis André , Hartmann Arndt , Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Lux Michael , Beckmann Matthias , Fasching Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOver the last two decades genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has become standard of care for women and men who are at familial risk for breast or ovarian cancer. Currently, genetic testing more often also includes so-called panel genes, which are assumed to be moderate-risk genes for breast cancer. Recently, new large-scale studies provided more information about the risk estimation of those genes. The utilization of information on panel genes with regard to their association with the individual breast cancer risk might become part of future clinical practice. Furthermore, large efforts have been made to understand the influence of common genetic variants with a low impact on breast cancer risk. For this purpose, almost 450 000 individuals have been genotyped for almost 500 000 genetic variants in the OncoArray project. Based on first results it can be assumed that – together with previously identified common variants – more than 170 breast cancer risk single nucleotide polymorphisms can explain up to 18% of familial breast cancer risk. The knowledge about genetic and non-genetic risk factors and its implementation in clinical practice could especially be of use for individualized prevention. This includes an individualized risk prediction as well as the individualized selection of screening methods regarding imaging and possible lifestyle interventions. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent developments in this area and to provide an overview on breast cancer risk genes, risk prediction models and their utilization for the individual patient.