bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germination and Protocorm Formation of Ophrys Sphegodes Mill. – In Vitro Protocol for a Rare Orchid Species
Authors: Dulić Jovana , Ljubojević Mirjana , Prlainović Ines , Barać Goran , Narandžić Tijana , Ognjanov Vladislav 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Ophrys sphegodes Mill. is a wild orchid species which is threatened and protected due to its pollination biology, small seed and habitat destruction. The aim of this study was to establish asymbiotic germination protocol for the purpose of ex situ conservation. Two basal media Knudson C (KC) and Malmgren (MM), supplemented with organic additives (peptone (PE), L-glutamin (A)e, folic acid, casein hydrolysate (CA)) added separately and control media KC--C and MM--C were used in the present research. All the nutrition media contained 2% sucrose, 7% agar and 1% activated carbon, while their pH was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.02 before autoclaving at 121 ° C for 20 minutes. The seeds were examined under two illumination conditions, 0/24 light/dark (L/D) and 16/8 L/D. The presented results indicate a huge influence of illumination and nutrition media on the seed germination and protocorm formation. The seed germination was overall significantly more successful in dark conditions (0/24 L/D) than with lighting (16/8 L/D). Protocorm, rhizoids and shoot formation were achieved only on the seeds cultured on MM medium, while the KC medium caused only swelling of the embryo. Organic additives had positive influence on the germination rate. According to the obtained results, the best germination rate and seedling development were achieved on MM-PE media, cultured in dark. The presented procedure accelerates the germination period and can provide a large number of plants in a relatively short period of time so it can be used for conservation programs and mass production protocol.
Aflatoxin M1 Transfer Rate from Milk into Cheese and Whey During the Production of Hard Cheese
Authors: Krstović Saša , Vranješ Anka Popović , Kasalica Anka , Jevtić Marija , Jajić Igor 
Published: January 2019

Summary
The aim of this study was to investigate aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) transfer from naturally contaminated raw milk into cheese and whey, during the production of Livanjski cheese (hard cheese type). Raw milk samples were collected from 4 farms in Serbia. The samples were then tested for AFM1 content and were later used for hard cheese production. Four cheese samples were produced, and the matching whey samples were also collected. The milk samples included two samples containing AFM1 above the EU maximum level (0.077±0.009 and 0.118±0.008 µg/kg) and the other two samples below the maximum level of 0.05 µg/kg (0.021±0.002 and 0.034±0.004 µg/kg). Regarding AFM1 transfer into cheese from the milk samples containing AFM1 above the EU maximum level, the rate was approximately 4-fold (383% and 410%). On the other hand, in the cheese samples made from milk containing AFM1 below the EU maximum level, almost 10-fold levels of AFM1 content in milk were found (transfer rates of 934% and 961%). As for the whey samples, AFM1 levels were below the levels found in the milk samples (transfer rates of 78%, 74%, 68% and 57%). The difference in the transfer rates for the cheese made from the milk samples contaminated at different levels may indicate the possibility that the AFM1 transfer rate from milk into cheese depends on the content of this toxin in milk.
LC-MS/MS Determination of Tropane Alkaloids in Maize Crop
Authors: Vuković Gorica , Bursić Vojislava , Stojanović Tijana , Petrović Aleksandra , Gvozdenac Sonja , Starović Mira , Kuzmanović Slobodan , Aleksić Goran 
Published: January 2019

Summary
The undemanding LC-MS/MS method was developed for the synchronized analysis of atropine and scopolamine in maize crop. The dSPE was carried out with 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile/water and a mixture of magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride and sodium citrate. The analytes were separated on a Zorbax XDB C18 column using methanol/water as the mobile phase in gradient mode. The detection was done using a tandem masss spectrometry (MS/MS) in the positive ESI. The tropane alkaloids exhibited excellent linearity in the range of 2-20 µg/kg with the LOQ of 5 µg/kg for maize. The extraction recoveries of atropine and scopolamine were 65.7 and 85.5% with the intraday RSDr 10.25 and 4.29%, respectively. The validated method was appled to real maze samples. One sample contained 18.8 µg/kg of atropine and 6.3 µg/kg of scopolamine.
Lead Farmer Extension Approach and Sustainable Extension Service Delivery in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyelami Benjamin , Akinwale Jonathan , Ladele Ademola 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Over the years, provision of extension and advisory services has been the main thrust of both the public and private extension services in Nigeria. Meanwhile, the lead farmer extension approach has been deployed for cost effectiveness, broader reach and sustainability. The utility value of this approach needs to be empirically established. This study therefore examined the extent to which the approach has achieved the intended objectives among randomly sampled maize farmers in Iseyin and Saki-West Local Government Areas (LGAs). Interview schedule and focus group discussion among farmer groups were used for the study. Lead farmer extension approach was cost and time effective vis-a-vis the number of farmers reached and the achieved outcome. Almost 70% of the lead farmers encountered late arrivals and impatience from group members during step-down training activities while all of them complained of insufficient funds for refreshment. About 65% of the farmers engaged in selective adoption of the training items owing to various reasons. There was also a significant difference between the knowledge level of the lead farmers and their respective group members while the group members’ assessment of their respective lead farmers’ performance was high. The study concluded that this extension approach was effective and could serve to complement the efforts of extension workers in the state.
Creativity in and for Society
Authors: Glăveanu Vlad Petre 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this reply to Kaufman’s paper “Creativity’s Need for Relevance in Research and Real Life” I argue, from a sociocultural and pragmatist standpoint, that creativity matters because it captures the agentic, flexible, open and emergent side of human existence while, at the same time, helping us build, maintain, and transform the societies we live in.
“Generic” Creativity as a Predictor or Outcome of Identity Development?
Authors: Barbot Baptiste 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this brief commentary to Kaufman’s call for a “new agenda for positive outcomes” of creativity research, I emphasize how the broad construct of “identity” qualifies as such an outcome. While doing so, I challenge the issue of directionality (predictor vs. outcome) of creativity in relation to relevant correlates by outlining the influence of epistemological position and publication bias in directional interpretations of correlational findings. Through illustrations of various levels of relationships between creativity and identity, I also urge creativity researchers to be more explicit regarding how “generic” creativity is being operationalized in their study, so that more targeted hypotheses regarding the relationship between distinct aspects of creativity and such positive out-come variables may be formulated.
Are the Outcomes of Creativity Always Positive?
Authors: Reiter-Palmon Roni 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper by Kaufman (2018) calls for more research on the consequences of creativity. While we typically think about the positive consequences of creativity, it is important to understand that creativity can have negative, both intended and unintended consequences. In this commentary, I review the nascent literature on negative and malevolent creativity, and specifically discuss concerns regarding measurement. Having a consistent way to evaluate and measure negative creativity is critical to our understanding and future research.
Heat Balance of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers
Authors: Kupiec Krzysztof , Gwadera Monika 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This work refers to the modelling of heat transfer in horizontal ground heat exchangers. For different conditions of collecting heat from the ground and different boundary condition profiles of temperature in the ground were found, and temporal variations of heat flux transferred between the ground surface and its interior were determined. It was taken into account that this flux results from several different mechanisms of heat transfer: convective, radiative, and that connected with moisture evaporation. It was calculated that ground temperature at great depths is greater than the average annual ambient temperature.
On the geoid and orthometric height vs. quasigeoid and normal height
Authors: Sjöberg Lars E. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The geoid, but not the quasigeoid, is an equipotential surface in the Earth’s gravity field that can serve both as a geodetic datum and a reference surface in geophysics. It is also a natural zero-level surface, as it agrees with the undisturbed mean sea level. Orthometric heights are physical heights above the geoid,while normal heights are geometric heights (of the telluroid) above the reference ellipsoid. Normal heights and the quasigeoid can be determined without any information on the Earth’s topographic density distribution, which is not the case for orthometric heights and geoid. We show from various derivations that the difference between the geoid and the quasigeoid heights, being of the order of 5 m, can be expressed by the simple Bouguer gravity anomaly as the only term that includes the topographic density distribution. This implies that recent formulas, including the refined Bouguer anomaly and a difference between topographic gravity potentials, do not necessarily improve the result. Intuitively one may assume that the quasigeoid, closely related with the Earth’s surface, is rougher than the geoid. For numerical studies the topography is usually divided into blocks of mean elevations, excluding the problem with a non-star shaped Earth. In this case the smoothness of both types of geoid models are affected by the slope of the terrain,which shows that even at high resolutions with ultra-small blocks the geoid model is likely as rough as the quasigeoid model. In case of the real Earth there are areas where the quasigeoid, but not the geoid, is ambiguous, and this problem increases with the numerical resolution of the requested solution. These ambiguities affect also normal and orthometric heights. However, this problem can be solved by using the mean quasigeoid model defined by using average topographic heights at any requested resolution. An exact solution of the ambiguity for the normal height/quasigeoid can be provided by GNSS-levelling.
Revisiting the Charney Baroclinic Instability Problem and Point-jet Barotropic Instability Problem, Part II: Matched Asymptotic Expansions & Overreflection Without Delta-Functions
Authors: Boyd John P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Baroclinic instability generates the cyclones and anticyclones of midlatitude weather. Charney developed the first effective theory for the infancy of this cyclogenesis in 1947. His linear eigenproblem is analytically solvable by confluent hypergeometric functions. It is also, with extension of the domain of the coordinate from [0,∞] to [−∞,∞] by reflection about the origin, the point-jet model of barotropic instability, important for tropical cyclogenesis. (Note that the coordinate is height z in the Charney model, but latitude y for the point-jet bartropic instability. It is a great simplification that the Charney and point-jet instability problems are mathematically identical, but it also is confusing that the mathematical analysis in y also applies to the Charney problem with the substitution of z for y.) Unfortunately, the theory is full of distributions like the Dirac delta-function and the reflected Charney eigenfunction has a discontinuous first derivative at y = 0. Here we regularize the Charney problem by replacing a linear mean current, U = |y|, by either U = є log(cosh(y/є)) or U = є y erf(y/є), followed by matched asymptotic perturbation expansions in powers of the small regularization parameter є. The series is carried to third order because the lowest nonzero correction to the phase speed is O(є2) and this correction is determined simultaneously with the third order approximation to the eigenfunction. The result is both an explicit, analytic regularization of a problem important in atmospheric and ocean dynamics, but also a good school problem because the series is explicit with nothing worse than polylogarithms and confluent hypergeometric functions. The primary meteorological conclusion is that the delta functions in the Charney problem are harmless as demonstrated both by third order perturbation theory and by spectrally-accurate numerical solutions. The physics of the regularized Charney problem is not significantly changed from that of the original Charney problem.
Physical cues of biomaterials guide stem cell fate of differentiation: The effect of elasticity of cell culture biomaterials
Authors: Irawan Vincent , Higuchi Akon , Ikoma Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
It is widely accepted that stem cells directly sense the elasticity of two-dimensional (2-D) substrates and differentiate into a distinct cell type dependent on the substrate elasticity (direct-sensing differentiation: soft and hard substrates promote differentiation into soft and hard tissue lineage, respectively). Biologically, native extracellular matrices (ECMs) are constantly remodeled through out the life of individuals, which inadvertently introduce changes of mechanical properties. Therefore, direct-sensing differentiation might not fully take into account the responses of stem cells in the actual ECMs microenvironment. Recent investigations in three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture environment suggested the inconsistency of direct-sensing differentiation. Stem cells specifically differentiate not only by sensing the elasticity of materials but also by considering the cellular traction exerted to reorganize the matrices and the matrices deformation. This paper aims to expand further how the cells incorporate the elasticity cues and traction-mediated deformation in final differentiation fates of stem cells. To achieve the aim, we introduced an empirical model based on the investigations in 3-D cell culture environment. The empirical model would serve as a useful framework for future studies intended to investigate the relationship of traction-mediated deformation and commitment of stem cells for variety of tissue lineage in 2-D or 3-D cell culture environment.
Klaueninfektionen beim Schaf – Therapiemöglichkeiten in der tierärztlichen Praxis unter besonderer Berück sichtigung der Moderhinkebekämpfung
Authors: Hilke Johanna , Spengler Dieter , Axt Holger , Ganter Martin , Voigt Katja , Strobel Heinz 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungLahmheiten aufgrund von infektiösen Klauenerkrankungen bei Schafen besitzen nach wie vor eine hohe klinische Relevanz. Hinsichtlich der Therapie, insbesondere der Moderhinke, haben sich unter anderem durch die Neuzulassung von Medikamenten entscheidende Änderungen ergeben. Der Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die Differenzialdiagnosen häufiger und seltener infektiöser Klauenerkrankungen beim Schaf und geht im Detail auf neue Erkenntnisse zu Ätiologie, Diagnostik, Prophylaxe, Behandlung und Kontrolle der Moderhinke ein. Trotz der Neuzulassung verschiedener antibiotischer Wirkstoffe zur Behand-lung der Moderhinke bleibt eine Umwidmung für Klauenbäder im Rahmen von integrierten Behandlungskonzepten in vielen Fällen unverzichtbar. Zur nachhaltigen Bekämpfung der Moderhinke sind die Umsetzung aktueller wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse in die Praxis und die Erarbeitung maßgeschneiderter Behandlungspläne für den jeweiligen Betrieb vonnöten. Der Artikel zeigt die verschiedenen Behandlungsoptionen sowie Wege zu Kontrolle und Sanierung auf.
Effects of Oral Morphine on Dyspnea in Patients with Cancer: Response Rate, Predictive Factors, and Clinically Meaningful Change (CJLSG1101)
Authors: Takahashi Kosuke , Kondo Masashi , Ando Masahiko , Shiraki Akira , Nakashima Harunori , Wakayama Hisashi , Kataoka Kensuke , Yamamoto Masashi , Sugino Yasuteru , Nishikawa Mitsunori , Imaizumi Kazuyoshi , Kojima Eiji , Sumida Atsushi , Takeyama Yoshihiro , Saito Hiroshi , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Although the efficacy of parenteral morphine for alleviating dyspnea has been previously demonstrated in several studies, little is known regarding the efficacy of oral morphine for dyspnea among patients with cancer, including its response rate and predictive factors of effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of oral morphine on dyspnea in patients with cancer and elucidate the predictive factors of its effectiveness.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods
In this multicenter prospective observational study, we investigated the change in dyspnea intensity in patients with cancer before and after the administration of oral morphine by using a visual analog scale (VAS). We also administered a self-assessment questionnaire to determine whether the patients believed oral morphine was effective.

Results
Eighty patients were enrolled in the study, and 71 of these patients were eligible. The least square mean of the VAS scores for dyspnea intensity was 53.5 at baseline, which decreased significantly to 44.7, 40.8, and 35.0 at 30, 60, and 120 minutes after morphine administration, respectively. Fifty-four patients (76.1%) reported that oral morphine was effective on the self-assessment questionnaire. Among the background factors, a high score for “sense of discomfort” on the Cancer Dyspnea Scale (CDS) and a smoking history of fewer pack-years were associated with greater effectiveness.

Conclusion
Oral morphine was effective and feasible for treating cancer-related dyspnea. A higher score for “sense of discomfort” on the CDS and a smaller cumulative amount of smoking may be predictive factors of the effectiveness of oral morphine.
Editorial 2018 - 2
Authors: Gabriel Gerber Hornink , Baptista Torres Bayardo , Treis Trindade Vera Maria , Eduardo Galembeck , Amaral Bianco André 
Published: January 2019

Editorial 2018 – 2O segundo semestre de 2018 foi marcado pelo lançamento do edital REB/SBBq do 2o Prêmio Nacional de Ensino de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Bayardo Baptista Torres, a partir do qual esperamos incentivar o compartilhamento de boas e inovadoras práticas para o ensino básico e superior.O segundo número de 2018 conta com cinco artigos, distribuídos em três seções: “Inovações Educacionais”; "REB na Escola"; e "Imagem Pública e Divulgação Científica". Cada vez mais recebemos artigos associando os conteúdos de Bioquímica, Genética e Fisiologia, com abordagem molecular visando o ensino básico e superior. É o reconhecimento crescente da importância de, cada vez mais, integrarmos os diferentes aspectos do conhecimento para a compreensão dos processos biológicos, da ciência e da vida em si.Na seção “Inovações Educacionais” há dois trabalhos, o primeiro apresentando um jogo para ensino de conceitos básicos de Genética para estudantes do nível médio ou superior (introdutório) e o segundo apresentando uma proposta de ensino híbrido com aplicação de gamificação para o ensino de Bioquímica.Na seção “REB na Escola” há dois trabalhos que trazem experiências interessantes em escolas. O primeiro focado no ensino de Ciências, 6o e 7o ano do fundamental, a partir de testes de plantas medicinais com o modelo experimental de Artemia salina e o segundo trabalho descrevendo sequências didáticas para o ensino do ciclo celular, para estudantes do ensino médio (disciplina de Biologia).Na seção Imagem Pública e Divulgação Científica" apresentamos uma experiência de projeto de extensão envolvendo atividades interativas com foco em conceitos da Biologia Molecular, como estruturas de moléculas, DNA etc.Este número apresenta uma diversidade rica de experiências e práticas de ensino, desde o fundamental até o superior, trazendo novos elementos, formas de compreender ou mesmo dando visibilidade para práticas realizadas nas escolas.Lembrem-se, cada discente, docente, pesquisador ao ter ideias inovadoras poderia compartilhá-las com a comunidade. Portanto, todos estão convidados a divulgar suas propostas na Revista de Ensino de Bioquímica.AtenciosamenteGabriel G. HorninkUnifal-MGEditor-chefeBayardo B. TorresUSPEditor-sêniorVera Maria T. TrindadeUFRGSCo-editorEduardo GalembeckUnicampCo-editorAndré Amaral BrancoUnifespCo-editor
Modern trends of training specialists for innovative directions of transport development
Authors: Guliy Ilia M. , Sivertceva Elena S. 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to reveal the features of modern transformations leading to rapid obsolescence of many professions of transport branch and emergence of new ones. The article presents forecast of emergence and formation of new competences of experts as the inevitable condition for transportation management and future transport operation.
The study rests on the Autor’s curve which reflects the change of employment rate depending on qualification. The graphic-analytical and statistical research methods were used.
The problem specified is acute not only for Russia, but for other countries as well facing rapid technological paradigms change. The necessity to form new competencies for transport workers for efficient functioning of transport industry.
Transport engineering higher education institutions must launch new educational programmes.
Effect of Combination therapy of Desmopressin and Docetaxel on prostate cancer cell DU145 proliferation, migration and growth
Authors: Hoffman Azik , Sasaki Hiroshi , Roberto Domenica , Mayer Michelle J , Klotz Laurence , Venkateswaran Vasundara 
Published: January 2019

Background: This study was designed to assess the efficacy of the combination of Desmopressin and Docetaxel for prostate cancer. Desmopressin has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis in in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. Docetaxel, an anti-mitotic chemotherapeutic agent, is widely used for the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer. However, it is associated with adverse effects and eventual drug resistance. This is the first report on the effect of combining Desmopressin and Docetaxel in prostate cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: An established castrate resistant prostate cancer cell line DU145 was used. Cellular proliferation was determined using the MTS assay. The migratory inhibition potential of Desmopressin alone and in combination with Docetaxel was accessed using the wound healing assay. In vivo evaluation was performed on a prostate cancer xenograft model using athymic nude mouse. Treatment was administered bi- weekly and tumor volume were measured throughout the treatment period. Eventually, after a six-week treatment period, tumors were excised and measured.Â Â Results: A combination therapy of 1 ÂµM Desmopressin with 100nM Docetaxel resulted in dramatic inhibition of proliferation of DU145 cells 72 hours post treatment compared to either agent along (p < 0.05). Wound healing assay revealed inhibition of cellular migration as well (p<0.05). The use of a xenograft mouse model followed by treatment with 5 mg/kg Docetaxel intraperitoneally with concomitant 2 Âµg/ml/kg Desmopressin administered intravenously 30 minutes before administering chemotherapy and 24 hours after, resulted in a significant decrease in tumor volume (P<0.05), while not impacting body weight.Conclusions: Desmopressin significantly enhanced the anti-proliferative and inhibiting the migratory potential of Docetaxel. Combination treatment had no additional effect on mice weight or mortality. These studies could enhance the efficacy of Docetaxel- based chemotherapy treatment for castrate resistant prostate cancer.