bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TIME‐LAPSE INVERSION OF SELF‐POTENTIAL DATA USING KALMAN FILTER
Authors: Yi‐An CUI , Wen‐Sheng WEI , Xiao‐Xiong ZHU , Jian‐Xin LIU 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is very common to use the self‐potential methods in environmental and engineering applications, especially in some monitoring services. However, the monitored data of each time step are always inverted and interpreted independently. That means the valuable correlation information of time‐lapse data is totally ignored. In order to take full advantage of the correlation information, a time‐lapse inversion was proposed to promote the reliability of data interpretation. Based on the Darcy's law and Archie's formulas, a dynamic geoelectric model was built to simulate the transportation of contaminant plume in underground porous medium. Then this dynamic model can be used as a state model for the Kalman filtering. And the corresponding observation model can be obtained from conventional self‐potential forward calculation. Thus, a Kalman filter recursion can be constructed by using the state model and observation model. During the recursion, the information of geoelectric model evolution and observed self‐potential data are fused to achieve a time‐lapse inversion of self‐potential data. The time‐lapse inversion algorithm was tested by both noise added synthetic self‐potential data and laboratory observation data from self‐potential monitoring over a sandbox. The numerical test shows the validity, robustness, and tolerance to noise of the time‐lapse inversion. And the results of physical data test also demonstrate that the time‐lapse inversion can invert real time‐lapse self‐potential data successfully and retrieve the dynamic geoelectric model exactly.
COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVE OBSERVATION AREA OF THE TENSOR CSAMT BY NUMERICAL MODELING
Authors: Zhi‐Xin LIU , Guo‐Qiang XUE , Lin‐Bo ZHANG 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAccording to the response formulas of the scalar CSAMT (controlled source audio‐frequency magnetotelluric) method, its programs can be designed in several manners with different sources such as a vertical double dipole source and a three‐dipole source of varied geometries. Through numerical simulation, this study obtains the value distributions of X‐ and Y‐direction components of the resultant electromagnetic (EM) field, which permit to further analyze the effective observational area. The results show that the distribution of crosslike source exhibits scattered weak responses, representing a smaller effective observational zone. Meanwhile, its requirement to the terrain condition of the working site is very harsh, thus cannot work well in mountainous areas with high topographic relief. Based on the principle of the rotating three‐dipole device, we propose a new device composed of multiple dipole sources for the CSAMT which can facilitate integrated measurement of tensors of the EM field. Compared with the cross‐like source, this approach can realize measurement throughout the whole area without weak‐value zones. Moreover, this new device is easy to deploy in various terrains. The results of this study provide a technical basis for further engineering production of tensor measurement.
Understanding Zeolites Catalyzed Methanol‐to‐Olefins Conversion from Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Wang Chuanming , Wang Yangdong , Xie Zaiku 
Published: February 2018

AbstractZeolites catalyzed methanol‐to‐olefins (MTO) conversion provides an alternative process to produce light olefins such as ethene and propene from nonpetroleum resources. Despite of successful industrialization of the MTO process, its detailed reaction mechanism is not yet well understood. Here we summarize our work on the hydrocarbon pool reaction mechanism based on theoretical calculations. We proposed that the olefins themselves are likely to be the dominating hydrocarbon pool species, and the distribution of cracking precursors and diffusion constraints affect the selectivity. The similarities between aromatic‐based and olefin‐based cycles are highlighted.
Discovery of Rogaratinib (BAY 1163877): a pan‐FGFR Inhibitor
Authors: Collin Marie‐Pierre , Lobell Mario , Hübsch Walter , Brohm Dirk , Schirok Hartmut , Jautelat Rolf , Lustig Klemens , Bömer Ulf , Vöhringer Verena , Héroult Mélanie , Grünewald Sylvia , Hess‐Stumpp Holger 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRogaratinib (BAY 1163877) is a highly potent and selective small‐molecule pan‐fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor (FGFR1–4) for oral application currently being investigated in phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. In this publication, we report its discovery by de novo structure‐based design and medicinal chemistry optimization together with its pharmacokinetic profile.
Randomized phase 2 trial of pemetrexed, pemetrexed/bevacizumab, and pemetrexed/carboplatin/bevacizumab in patients with stage IIIB/IV non–small cell lung cancer and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2
Authors: Spigel David R. , Hainsworth John D. , Joseph Mathew J. , Shipley Dianna L. , Hagan M. Kelly , Thompson Dana S. , Burris Howard A. , Greco F. Anthony 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDThe best treatment for patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a poor performance status is not well defined. In this phase 2 trial, patients were randomized to receive treatment with either single‐agent pemetrexed or 1 of 2 combination regimens.METHODSPatients with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed nonsquamous NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 were stratified by age and serum albumin level and were randomized (1:1:1) to 1 of 3 regimens: pemetrexed (arm 1), pemetrexed and bevacizumab (arm 2), or pemetrexed, carboplatin, and bevacizumab (arm 3). The response to treatment was assessed every 2 cycles; responding and stable patients continued treatment until progression or unacceptable toxicity.RESULTSOne hundred seventy‐two patients were randomized, 162 patients began the study treatment, and 146 patients completed 2 cycles and were evaluated for their response. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 2.8 months in arm 1, 4.0 months in arm 2, and 4.8 months in arm 3. The overall response rates were 15% in arm 1, 31% in arm 2, and 44% in arm 3. The overall survival was similar in the 3 treatment arms. All 3 regimens were relatively well tolerated. Patients receiving bevacizumab had an increased incidence of hypertension, proteinuria, and bleeding episodes, but most events were mild or moderate.CONCLUSIONSAll 3 regimens were feasible for patients with advanced NSCLC and an ECOG performance status of 2. The addition of bevacizumab to pemetrexed increased the overall response rate. The efficacy of pemetrexed/carboplatin/bevacizumab (median PFS, 4.8 months) approached the prespecified study PFS goal of 5 months. Larger studies will be necessary to define the role of bevacizumab in addition to standard pemetrexed and carboplatin in this population. Cancer 2018;124:1982‐91. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Phase 1b study of pasireotide, everolimus, and selective internal radioembolization therapy for unresectable neuroendocrine tumors with hepatic metastases
Authors: Kim Hyun S. , Shaib Walid L. , Zhang Chao , Nagaraju Ganji Purnachandra , Wu Christina , Alese Olatunji B. , Chen Zhengjia , Brutcher Edith , Renfroe Meredith , El‐Rayes Bassel F. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) metastasize to the liver. Everolimus and selective internal radioembolization (SIRT) are approved treatments. Pasireotide is a somatostatin analogue with an affinity for somatostatin receptors 1, 2, 3, and 5. Everolimus and pasireotide may potentiate SIRT radiosensitization and inhibit rebound angiogenesis. This study evaluated the safety of pasireotide, everolimus, and SIRT.METHODSThis 3 + 3 phase 1 trial evaluated 3 dose levels of everolimus (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/day), pasireotide (600 μg twice daily), and SIRT (SIR‐Spheres dose on days 9 and 37). Eligibility criteria included well or moderately differentiated NETs, bilobar liver metastases, and progression on long‐acting octreotide. Toxicities and responses were evaluated with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1). Dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) were defined in the first 28 days. Correlative markers—angiopoietin 1, angiopoietin 2, basic fibroblast growth factor, collagen V, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1, interleukin 8, M30, M65, placenta growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2—were assessed. The Norfolk Quality of Life–Neuroendocrine Tumor Questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life (QOL).RESULTSThirteen patients were enrolled; 1 was not evaluable for the primary endpoint. Eleven patients had well‐differentiated tumors. The primary sites included small bowel (4), pancreas (3), lung (2), colon (1), gastric (1), and unknown primary (2) were unknown. Four had liver‐only disease; 12 completed the planned treatment. No DLTs were observed. There was no treatment‐related mortality. The most common toxicity was hyperglycemia. Clinically significant liver toxicity was not observed. One patient had liver progression. QOL improved on treatment. The median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 18.6 and 46.3 months, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe recommended phase 2 dose of everolimus is 10 mg daily in combination with pasireotide and SIRT. The regimen is well tolerated. Preliminary activity appears promising. Cancer 2018;124:1992‐2000. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Well differentiated grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors compared with related neoplasms: A morphologic study
Authors: Sigel Carlie S. , Krauss Silva Vitor Werneck , Reid Michelle D. , Chhieng David , Basturk Olca , Sigel Keith M. , Daniel Tanisha D. , Klimstra David S. , Tang Laura H. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDPancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with a Ki‐67 labeling index greater than 20% were reclassified in 2017 by the World Health Organization into well differentiated (WD) and poorly differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). The authors describe the cytologic features of grade 3 WD pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms compared with grade 2 neoplasms and NEC.METHODSFine‐needle aspirates from 65 pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms were reviewed, and their cytomorphologic features were compared across grade 2, WD grade 3, and PD small cell type (PD‐S), large cell type (PD‐L), and type not otherwise specified (PD‐NOS) neoplasms.RESULTSThe 65 aspirates consisted of 19 grade 2 neoplasms, 32 WD grade 3 neoplasms, and 14 NECs (6 PD‐S, 5 PD‐L, and 3 PD‐NOS). The medians Ki‐67 proliferation index was 11% (range, 3.2%‐17%) in grade 2 neoplasms, 40% (range, 21%‐89%) in WD grade 3 neoplasms, 80% (range, 63%‐95%) in PD‐S neoplasms, 39% (range, 25%‐61%) in PD‐L neoplasms, and 70% (range, 30%‐80%) in PD‐NOS neoplasms. Both grade 2 and WD grade 3 neoplasms were associated with plasmacytoid morphology and smooth nuclear contours, but WD grade 3 neoplasms had significant increases in abundant cytoplasm (72% vs 17%; P = .007), nuclear tangles (75% vs 42%; P = .006), and apoptosis (86% vs 58%; P = .005). Compared with NECs, WD grade 3 neoplasms had increased plasmacytoid morphology (75% vs 7%; P < .001), smooth nuclear contours (94% vs 64%; P = .02), round nuclei (59% vs 21%; P = .01), and less pleomorphism (13% vs 50%; P = .004), molding (9% vs 79%; P < .001), and necrosis (13% vs 43%; P = .003). WD grade 3 neoplasms had less pleomorphism (13% vs 50%; P = .04), less necrosis (13% vs 60%; P = .04), and more plasmacytoid morphology (75% vs 20%; P = .03) than PD‐L.CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of cytologic features differs in WD grade 3 pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms compared with grade 2 neoplasms and NECs, and these differences assist in the recognition of this newly classified entity. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:326‐35. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Modeling of cytometry data in logarithmic space: When is a bimodal distribution not bimodal?
Authors: Erez Amir , Vogel Robert , Mugler Andrew , Belmonte Andrew , Altan‐Bonnet Grégoire 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent efforts in systems immunology lead researchers to build quantitative models of cell activation and differentiation. One goal is to account for the distributions of proteins from single‐cell measurements by flow cytometry or mass cytometry as readout of biological regulation. In that context, large cell‐to‐cell variability is often observed in biological quantities. We show here that these readouts, viewed in logarithmic scale may result in two easily‐distinguishable modes, while the underlying distribution (in linear scale) is unimodal. We introduce a simple mathematical test to highlight this mismatch. We then dissect the flow of influence of cell‐to‐cell variability proposing a graphical model which motivates higher‐dimensional analysis of the data. Finally we show how acquiring additional biological information can be used to reduce uncertainty introduced by cell‐to‐cell variability, helping to clarify whether the data is uni‐ or bimodal. This communication has cautionary implications for manual and automatic gating strategies, as well as clustering and modeling of single‐cell measurements. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Low childhood subjective social status and telomere length in adulthood: The role of attachment orientations
Authors: Murdock Kyle W. , Seiler Annina , Chirinos Diana A. , Garcini Luz M. , Acebo Sally L. , Cohen Sheldon , Fagundes Christopher P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLow subjective social status (SSS) in childhood places one at greater risk of a number of health problems in adulthood. Theoretical and empirical evidence indicates that exposure to supportive parenting may buffer the negative effects of low childhood SSS on adult health. Given the importance of supportive caregivers and close others for the development of attachment orientations throughout the lifespan, attachment theory may be important for understanding why some individuals are resilient to the negative effects of low childhood SSS on adult health while others are not. We examined if attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance altered the association between childhood subjective social status (SSS) and length of telomeres in white blood cells in adulthood. Shorter telomere length is associated with increased risk of age‐related diseases including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Participants (N = 128) completed self‐report measures of childhood SSS and attachment orientations, as well as a blood draw. We found that among those with low childhood SSS, low attachment anxiety was associated with longer telomere length in white blood cells in comparison to high attachment anxiety controlling for participant age, sex, race, body mass index, and adult SSS. Among those with high childhood SSS, low attachment anxiety was associated with a slight decrease in telomere length. Attachment avoidance was unrelated to length of telomeres. Such findings provide further evidence for the role that close relationships may have on buffering SSS related health disparities.
Outcome of childhood anorexia nervosa—The results of a five‐ to ten‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Dempfle Astrid , Egberts Karin Maria , Kappel Viola , Konrad Kerstin , Vloet Jennifer Anne , Bühren Katharina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough admissions of children with anorexia nervosa (AN) are increasing, there remains a dearth of up‐to‐date knowledge of the course and outcome of early‐onset AN. The aim of the present study was to investigate the outcomes of patients with AN onset before the age of 14.MethodSixty‐eight consecutive former patients who met the DSM‐IV criteria for AN and who had been treated at one of three German university hospitals were asked to participate in a follow‐up study. Body mass index, body height, outcome of the eating disorder (ED), psychiatric morbidity, and health related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed through a personal examination after an average time span of 7.5 years (range: 4.5–11.5 years) after admission.ResultsOne patient had died. Fifty‐two subjects with a mean age of 12.5 (SD 1.0) years at admission and of 20.2 (SD 2.0) years at follow‐up agreed to participate in the follow‐up assessment, aggregating to 77.9% of the original sample. Approximately 41% of the participants had a good outcome, while 35% and 24% had intermediate and poor outcomes, respectively. Twenty‐eight percent of the sample met the DSM‐IV criteria for a current non‐ED psychiatric disorder, and 64% met the criteria for a past non‐ED psychiatric disorder. Mental HRQoL and ED‐specific psychopathology was strongly associated with the outcome of AN. Average body height was below the normal range. A higher weight at admission was the only significant positive indicator of outcome.DiscussionChildhood AN is a serious disorder with an unfavorable course in many patients and high rates of chronicity and psychiatric comorbidity in young adulthood. Early detection and intervention are urgently needed.
Comparative phylogeography of Aedes mosquitoes and the role of past climatic change for evolution within Africa
Authors: Bennett Kelly Louise , Kaddumukasa Martha , Shija Fortunate , Djouaka Rousseau , Misinzo Gerald , Lutwama Julius , Linton Yvonne Marie , Walton Catherine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe study of demographic processes involved in species diversification and evolution ultimately provides explanations for the complex distribution of biodiversity on earth, indicates regions important for the maintenance and generation of biodiversity, and identifies biological units important for conservation or medical consequence. African and forest biota have both received relatively little attention with regard to understanding their diversification, although one possible mechanism is that this has been driven by historical climate change. To investigate this, we implemented a standard population genetics approach along with Approximate Bayesian Computation, using sequence data from two exon‐primed intron‐crossing (EPIC) nuclear loci and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I, to investigate the evolutionary history of five medically important and inherently forest dependent mosquito species of the genus Aedes. By testing different demographic hypotheses, we show that Aedes bromeliae and Aedes lilii fit the same model of lineage diversification, admixture, expansion, and recent population structure previously inferred for Aedes aegypti. In addition, analyses of population structure show that Aedes africanus has undergone lineage diversification and expansion while Aedes hansfordi has been impacted by population expansion within Uganda. This congruence in evolutionary history is likely to relate to historical climate‐driven habitat change within Africa during the late Pleistocene and Holocene epoch. We find differences in the population structure of mosquitoes from Tanzania and Uganda compared to Benin and Uganda which could relate to differences in the historical connectivity of forests across the continent. Our findings emphasize the importance of recent climate change in the evolution of African forest biota.
Nonadditive effects of consumption in an intertidal macroinvertebrate community are independent of food availability but driven by complementarity effects
Authors: van Egmond Emily M. , van Bodegom Peter M. , van Hal Jurgen R. , van Logtestijn Richard S. P. , Berg Matty P. , Aerts Rien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSuboptimal environmental conditions are ubiquitous in nature and commonly drive the outcome of biological interactions in community processes. Despite the importance of biological interactions for community processes, knowledge on how species interactions are affected by a limiting resource, for example, low food availability, remains limited. Here, we tested whether variation in food supply causes nonadditive consumption patterns, using the macroinvertebrate community of intertidal sandy beaches as a model system. We quantified isotopically labeled diatom consumption by three macroinvertebrate species (Bathyporeia pilosa, Haustorius arenarius, and Scolelepis squamata) kept in mesocosms in either monoculture or a three‐species community at a range of diatom densities. Our results show that B. pilosa was the most successful competitor in terms of consumption at both high and low diatom density, while H. arenarius and especially S. squamata consumed less in a community than in their respective monocultures. Nonadditive effects on consumption in this macroinvertebrate community were present and larger than mere additive effects, and similar across diatom densities. The underlying species interactions, however, did change with diatom density. Complementarity effects related to niche‐partitioning were the main driver of the net diversity effect on consumption, with a slightly increasing contribution of selection effects related to competition with decreasing diatom density. For the first time, we showed that nonadditive effects of consumption are independent of food availability in a macroinvertebrate community. This suggests that, in communities with functionally different, and thus complementary, species, nonadditive effects can arise even when food availability is low. Hence, at a range of environmental conditions, species interactions hold important potential to alter ecosystem functioning.
Plant sizes mediate mowing‐induced changes in nutrient stoichiometry and allocation of a perennial grass in semi‐arid grassland
Authors: Liu Zhiying , Baoyin Taogetao , Sun Juan , Minggagud Hugjiltu , Li Xiliang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile mowing‐induced changes in plant traits and their effects on ecosystem functioning in semi‐arid grassland are well studied, the relations between plant size and nutrient strategies are largely unknown. Mowing may drive the shifts of plant nutrient limitation and allocation. Here, we evaluated the changes in nutrient stoichiometry and allocation with variations in sizes of Leymus chinensis, the dominant plant species in Inner Mongolia grassland, to various mowing frequencies in a 17‐yr controlled experiment. Affected by mowing, the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C) in leaves and stems were significantly increased, negatively correlating with plant sizes. Moreover, we found significant trade‐offs between the concentrations and accumulation of N, P, and C in plant tissues. The N:P ratios of L. chinensis aboveground biomass, linearly correlating with plant size, significantly decreased with increased mowing frequencies. The ratios of C:N and C:P of L. chinensis individuals were positively correlated with plant size, showing an exponential pattern. With increased mowing frequencies, L. chinensis size was correlated with the allocation ratios of leaves to stems of N, P, and C by the tendencies of negative parabola, positive, and negative linear. The results of structure equation modeling showed that the N, P, and C allocations were co‐regulated by biomass allocation and nutrient concentration ratios of leaves to stems. In summary, we found a significant decoupling effect between plant traits and nutrient strategies along mowing frequencies. Our results reveal a mechanism for how long‐term mowing‐induced changes in concentrations, accumulations, ecological stoichiometry, and allocations of key elements are mediated by the variations in plant sizes of perennial rhizome grass.