bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A recuperação intraoperatória de células sanguíneas é eficaz em cirurgias de quadril?
Authors: Nunes Nara Granja , Oliveira José Alberto Alves , Bezerra Francisca Magna Prado , Nascimento Velma Dias do , Dumaresq Danielle Maia Holanda , Patrocinio Manoel Cláudio Azevedo 
Published: August 2019

Resumo
Objetivo O estudo visa avaliar a eficácia da recuperação intraoperatória de sangue (RIOS) na redução de hemotransfusão alogênica em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia por fratura de fêmur e quadril.
Métodos Coorte prospectiva com 38 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia traumatológica para fraturas em quadril e transtrocantéricas de fêmur, divididos em dois grupos em um hospital de ensino de agosto de 2015 a fevereiro de 2017. Pacientes com qualquer enfermidade ou condição infecciosa foram excluídos do presente estudo. O grupo RIOS (19 pacientes) recebeu sangue autólogo com a utilização de Cell Saver, enquanto o grupo controle (19 pacientes) recebeu apenas sangue alogênico, quando necessário.. Grupos comparados em relação ao gênero, idade na cirurgia, escala da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas (ASA) (I, II ou III), uso intraoperatório da RIOS, volume sanguíneo reinfundido pela RIOS, parâmetros hematimétricos pré- e pós-operatórios, volume intra e pós-operatório de sangue alogênico transfundido. Dados processados no software SPSS Statistics for Windows, Versão 20.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, EUA).
Resultados Sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos com as variáveis: idade, gênero e ASA. Percebeu-se que os valores finais de hemoglobina e hematócrito (no 1° dia de pós-operatório) foram mais elevados no grupo que utilizou o dispositivo (p < 0,05). Não houve redução significativa da transfusão alogênica intra e pós-operatória no grupo RIOS em comparação ao controle.
Conclusões O presente estudo constatou que a RIOS não foi eficaz em reduzir a transfusão alogênica no intra e pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de fêmur transtrocantérica e de quadril.
A relação do escore de Lee com a mortalidade pós-operatória em pacientes com fraturas de fêmur proximal
Authors: Guerra Marcelo Teodoro Ezequiel , Giglio Luiz , Morais João Mauro Mendina , Labatut Giovanna , Feijó Monica Cavanus , Kayser Carlos Eduardo Peixoto 
Published: August 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Verificar o valor preditivo do escore de Lee para a mortalidade no primeiro ano pós operatório de fraturas de fêmur proximal. O estudo também avaliou a capacidade preditiva isolada de outras variáveis.
Método Uma amostra de 422 pacientes com fraturas do fêmur proximal submetidos a cirurgia foi avaliada neste estudo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de revisão de prontuários, consultas presenciais e contatos telefônicos.
Resultados O escore de Lee foi aplicado em 99,3% dos pacientes com fraturas de fêmur proximal submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. A taxa de mortalidade da amostra foi de 22%, a maioria classificada como classe I de risco. O escore de Lee não apresentou associação significativa com a mortalidade (p = 0,515). Os valores elevados de creatinina sérica (p = 0,001) e a idade (p = 0,000) estiveram diretamente associados com o desfecho de morte.
Conclusões O escore de Lee não é preditivo para a mortalidade em um período de um ano após cirurgia de fraturas de fêmur proximal; entretanto, observou-se significância estatística entre a idade e a dosagem sérica da creatinina, isoladamente, com o desfecho de morte.
Comparison of Shear Strength of Metal and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets Cemented to Zirconia Depending on Surface Treatment: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Cetik Sibel , Ha Thaï Hoang , Sitri Léa , Duterme Hadrien , Pham Viet , Atash Ramin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives Due to the high demand for all-ceramic restorations, monolithic zirconia restorations are nowadays frequently used. With the demand for adult orthodontic treatments, orthodontists need to be mindful of the quality of their brackets bonding to this type of material, as it requires special conditioning. This study aimed to compare different surface treatments of zirconia when bonding metal or ceramic orthodontic brackets. The objectives are to compare the shear bond strength; the amount of adhesive remaining on the surface of the material; the incidence of adhesive, cohesive, and mixed failures; and the occurrence of zirconia fractures.
Materials and Methods Forty monolithic blocks of zirconia of a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 10 mm were prepared and randomly divided into two groups (n = 20): metallic or ceramic brackets. Each group was subsequently divided into two subgroups (n = 10) depending on the surface preparation (laser treatment or airborne particle abrasion): SMB (airborne particle abrasion, metal bracket), SCB (airborne particle abrasion, ceramic bracket), LMB (laser; metal bracket), and LCB (laser, ceramic bracket). The samples were tested for shear bond strength using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index and the occurrence of zirconia fractures and different types of failures were assessed by optical and electron microscopy.
Statistical Analysis Results were analyzed using analysis of variance.
Results The differences were significant between the metallic (SMB, LMB) and ceramic (SCB, LCB) bracket groups with regard to shear bond strength, with respectively 23.29 ± 5.34 MPa, 21.59 ± 4.03 MPa, 20.06 ± 4.05 MPa, and 17.55 ± 3.88 MPa. In terms of surface treatment, no statistical differences were found between the different groups.
Conclusion Metal brackets have a greater bond strength than ceramic brackets when cemented to zirconia. The surface treatment of zirconia surface has no influence on the shear bond strength.
Effect of Intracanal Medicaments on Pull-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Post Cemented with a Self-Adhesive System
Authors: Sarraf Pegah , Assadi Atoosa , Kiomarsi Nazanin , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Assadi Arsalan , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of four intracanal medicaments on pull-out bond strength of fiber posts.
Materials and Methods A total of 65 single-rooted, single-canal teeth were selected and decoronated. Root canals were prepared and after rinsing were randomly divided into five groups (n = 13). G1: calcium hydroxide (CH), G2: CH plus chlorhexidine (CH+CHX), G3: triple antibiotic paste (TAP), G4: double antibiotic paste (DAP) were applied in the canals in the four groups. The control group (G5) received no medicament. After 4 weeks, the medicaments were rinsed off and the canals were filled with gutta-percha. Post space was then prepared in root canals for the placement of glass fiber posts and self-adhesive cement (Panavia F2). After cementation, they were subjected to pull-out bond strength test.
Statistical Analysis Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test.Results The pull-out bond strength values were significantly different in the groups (p < 0.001). The highest values of bond strength were seen in G2, G1, and G3 (359.97 ± 81.26, 333.79 ± 98.96, 309.27 ± 78.07), respectively. There was no significant difference between G4 and G5 (p = 0.75).
Conclusion The results showed that CH, CH+CHX, and TAP enhanced the pull-out bond strength of fiber post to root canal wall as compared to the control group.
Neurotized Free Tissue Transfer for Foot Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rinkinen Jacob R. , Diamond Shawn , Lans Jonathan , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Eberlin Kyle R. 
Published: August 2019

Background Soft tissue reconstruction of the foot represents a complex reconstructive challenge given the unique anatomical properties of the glabrous plantar skin. For large soft tissue defects and/or complex injuries, free tissue transfer is often the optimal reconstructive modality. The decision to pursue a neurotized free flap remains controversial and an area of debate. Given the trend toward increasing use of neurotized free flaps, we performed a systematic review to determine if nerve coaptation is a beneficial adjunct to free tissue transfer.
Methods A systematic search of the English literature using PubMed and Web of Science was performed. Studies were identified between 1985 and 2018. Manuscripts were eligible if they contained original clinical outcomes research of patients who underwent free tissue transfer to the foot or heel with neurotization.
Results A total of 189 studies were identified with initial screening and 19 studies were included in our analysis. A total of 175 patients underwent free flap reconstruction to the foot; of these, 107 patients had a nerve coaptation performed. Patients who underwent neurotization had improved sensory characteristics (two-point discrimination, light touch, and pain sensation), quicker return to ambulation and activities of daily living, and decreased ulcer formation compared with those who did not. Overall complications were infrequent, with ulceration being the most common.
Conclusion Neurotized free flaps appear to have an overall decreased rate of ulceration, improved sensory discrimination, and quicker return to ambulation/activities of daily living in comparison to nonneurotized free flaps. However, when examining free anterolateral thigh (ALT) and free medial plantar artery (MPA) fasciocutaneous flaps, durability (i.e., frequency of ulcer formation) and functionality (ambulation and return to activities of daily living) do not appear to be significantly different between neurotized and nonneurotized flaps.
Impact of Recipient Vein Selection on Venous Patency and Free Flap Survival in 652 Head and Neck Reconstructions
Authors: Choi Jong Woo , Kim Young Chul , Jeon Dong Neok , Jeong Woo Shik , Koh Kyung S. , Oh Tae Suk , Eom Jin Sup , Kim Eun Key , Hong Joon Pio , Suh Hyunsuk Peter 
Published: August 2019

Background This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of choosing a particular recipient venous system on venous patency and flap survival in 652 head and neck free flap reconstructions.
Methods A retrospective review was performed. Patient factors investigated included: age, sex, type of flap, tumor location, history of radiation, presence of previous neck dissection, tumor stage, and any underlying disease. Data related with recipient vein including the number of anastomosis, the repair technique, the type of recipient vein, and the configuration of selected venous system were examined. The impact of patient factors and parameters related with recipient vein on the venous patency and flap survival were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses.
Results Of 652 free flaps, 36 flaps (5.5%) were re-explored due to venous congestion and 28 flaps (77.8%) were salvaged. The overall survival rate of total free flaps was 98.8%. The type of recipient venous system was found to be an insignificant factor with respect to venous congestion and flap survival in multivariate analysis. A history of radiation treatments was the only factor associated with a higher risk of venous compromise (odds ratio [OR] = 13.138, p < 0.001) and a lower rate of flap survival (OR = 20.182, p = 0.002).
Conclusion The selection of recipient venous systems has no impact on venous patency and flap survival. History of radiation treatment was the only factor associated with venous congestion and flap failure. Since no single method can ensure a successful reconstructive result, selecting the optimal recipient vein should be based on individual patient factors and the surgeon's experience.
Reform narratives and argumentative coupling in German pension policy: constructing the ‘deserving retiree’
Authors: Blum Sonja 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
German pension policy experienced a shift in the early 2000s, when public pensions were cut back, the retirement age raised, and private, publicly subsidized pension provision stipulated. Within a coherent reform narrative, those reforms were grounded on arguments of a ‘demographic time bomb’, a no-longer-affordable public pension scheme, and the return potential of private pension funds. Yet this narrative was delegitimized quickly with zero-rate-policy, and increasing old-age poverty in a lean public pension scheme. In such a situation, it can be expected difficult to either adapt the old narrative or construct new ones. This makes an interesting case for this article to study reform narratives and argumentative coupling in recent German pension policy through two contrasting cases: A failed attempt at establishing a minimum-pension scheme; and a ‘successful’ reform package combining a ‘mothers’ pension’ and exceptions for a full pension at age 63. Findings illuminate how the contrasting success of those reform proposals can be understood in terms of narrative stories: The reform which – political-strategically – could build on the ‘deservingness’ of the target groups could be agreed upon comparatively easily. Possible beneficiaries of a minimum pension are of varying ‘deservingness’, though, and narrating a more ‘problem-solving’ story has proven difficult.
When words matter: narratives and strategies in the Italian Jobs Act (2014–2016)
Authors: Tullia Galanti Maria , Sacchi Stefano 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWith the reforms of the so-called ‘Jobs Act’ (JA), Italy aimed to structurally reform its labour market and income-support system, through recalibration (i.e. a mix of both expansionary and retrenching measures) for old social policy risks, and some expansionary measures to face new social risks. The JA also became the symbol of opposite views about the Italian welfare state, being itself a reason for ideological conflict and coalition reshuffling in the Italian left. Ultimately, its increasing personalization around Renzi’s divisive figure detracted from its functional and substantive matter. Hence, the JA reform provides an unparalleled vantage point to investigate the role of narrative stories in shaping policy contents and reforms. The paper aims to contribute to the literature on social policy reforms by combining a focus on narrative stories with the analytical perspective of the Multiple Stream Framework. Through qualitative analysis of official documents, of more than 500 newspaper articles and of selected in-depth interviews to key informants, this paper reconstructs the narratives about the JA reform, considering both the supporters and the challengers. Building on the Multiple Stream Framework, the paper focuses in particular on whether and how policy entrepreneurs took advantage of windows of opportunity by shaping the narrative stories. Results are twofold. First, the paper shows the variations of social policy reform narratives across actors. Second, it demonstrates the crucial role of policy entrepreneurs in shaping narrative stories as a strategy to couple the streams of problem, policy and politics.
Narrative stories in Chinese characters: political framing of ageing and welfare reform in China
Authors: Van Gerven Minna 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
This article analyses narrative stories used by the Chinese government to connect the problem of population ageing to welfare reform. The findings derived from semi-structural interviews and key policy documents suggest the unfolding of the narrative stories of power and stories of rising and stories of decline. The narrative stories in the developmental Chinese welfare state are diverse and stem from different processes than those for the mature European welfare states. The Narrative stories also vary for different policy areas. For inequality and health-care policies, under the master narrative of story of power, state depicts ‘stories of giving-to-give’ to support expansion in the traditional ‘old risk’ type of policies to main population, including the elderly. For long-term care, the power narrative of ’giving-to-shape’ legitimizes the expansionary reforms for a small group of deserving frail elderly. Behind this political framing of long-term care reform lies the story of decline that justifies the modest role of state provision in the organization of long-term care and leaves the responsibility for economic, social and spiritual wellbeing for the society itself. The story of decline in China also gravitates around sustainability of societies rather than around financial sustainability commonly underlining the political debate in the West.
Pasture-scale vegetation predicts Dickcissel nest-site selection and success in native and exotic grass pastures
Authors: Monroe Adrian P , Burger L Wes , Martin James A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExotic grasses such as bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) are widely established across the southeastern United States as livestock forage, but their structure and management can limit avian reproductive success. Native warm-season grasses (NWSG) are promoted as sustainable forage alternatives. To examine nesting suitability for tall structure specialists such as Dickcissels (Spiza americana) we established an operational-scale study in northeastern Mississippi, USA, with 4 treatments along a gradient of beef production intensity. Treatments included grazed exotic forages, 2 grazed NWSG treatments including Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) monoculture and NWSG polyculture of Indiangrass, little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), and an ungrazed NWSG polyculture treatment. We monitored 208 Dickcissel nests in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate effects of treatment, vegetation structure, fire ants (Solenopsis spp.), and arthropod prey biomass on nest-site selection and nest survival. Survival rates varied among treatments and increased with pasture-scale visual obstruction reading (VOR), being lowest among grazed exotic grass, intermediate in grazed NWSG, and highest in ungrazed NWSG. Although Dickcissels selected nest sites with greater VOR, we found little support for effects of nest-site vegetation on survival. However, nest survival was lower for nests in shrubs that also occurred in pastures with greater shrub cover, and selection for shrubs declined as pasture-scale VOR increased, suggesting a functional response in selection. We found little support for food availability influencing nest survival. These results suggest NWSG pastures increase Dickcissel nest success through greater pasture-scale VOR by reducing Dickcissel selection of shrubs for nest sites, and possibly by reducing predator efficiency. Incorporating NWSG into beef production systems while maintaining availability of tall vegetation could benefit Dickcissels and other tall structure specialists.
The Relationship between the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation: Conflicting Conceptions of Sovereignty in Strasbourg and St Petersburg
Authors: Kahn Jeffrey 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Russia eagerly ratified the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in 1998. Twenty years later, the chair of its Constitutional Court now expresses resentment at the subordination of Russian sovereignty. A new law expands his Court’s jurisdiction to deny effect to judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, an unprecedented power that has already been used twice. This article analyses this law and its application in its first two years. Both the claim of ‘subordination’ and the Russian response to it, in law and practice, rest on weak legal ground. But Russia’s action also raises deeper theoretical and practical questions for the ECHR as a ‘living instrument’ subject to the ‘evolutive’ interpretations of the Strasbourg Court. If other member states mimic Russia’s response to these issues, a European human rights system premised on the final interpretive authority of an international court could come to its end.
Interactions of anaerobic ammonium oxidizers and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria in a substrate-limited model system mimicking the marine environment
Authors: Russ Lina , van Alen Theo A , Jetten Mike S M , Op den Camp Huub J M , Kartal Boran 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn nature anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and denitrification processes convert fixed nitrogen to gaseous nitrogen compounds, which are then released to the atmosphere. While anammox bacteria produce N2 from ammonium and nitrite, in the denitrification process nitrate and nitrite are converted to N2 and the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Furthermore, nitrite needed by the anammox bacteria can be supplied by nitrate reduction to nitrite. Consequently, the interplay between nitrogen-transforming microorganisms control the amount of harmless N2 or the greenhouse gas N2O released to the atmosphere. Therefore, it is important to understand the interactions of these microorganisms in the natural environment, where dynamic conditions result in fluctuating substrate concentrations. Here, we studied the interactions between the sulfide-oxidizing denitrifier Sedimenticola selenatireducens and the anammox bacterium Scalindua brodae in a bioreactor mimicking the marine environment by creating sulfide, ammonium and nitrate limitation in distinct operational phases. Through a microbial interaction, Se. selenatireducens reduced nitrate to nitrite, which together with the supplied ammonium was converted to N2 by Sc. Brodae. Using comparative transcriptomics, we determined that Sc. Brodae and Se. selenatireducens had significant responses to ammonium and nitrate limitation, respectively, indicating that the activities of these microorganisms are regulated by different nitrogen compounds.
Theorizing the Judicialization of International Relations
Authors: Alter Karen J , Hafner-Burton Emilie M , Helfer Laurence R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article introduces a Thematic Section and theorizes the multiple ways that judicializing international relations shifts power away from national executives and legislatures toward litigants, judges, arbitrators, and other nonstate decision-makers. We identify two preconditions for judicialization to occur—(1) delegation to an adjudicatory body charged with applying designated legal rules, and (2) legal rights-claiming by actors who bring—or threaten to bring—a complaint to one or more of these bodies. We classify the adjudicatory bodies that do and do not contribute to judicializing international relations, including but not limited to international courts. We then explain how rights-claiming initiates a process for authoritatively determining past violations of the law, identifying remedies for those violations, and preventing future violations. Because judicializing international relations occurs in multiple phases, in multiple locations, and involves multiple actors as decision-makers, governments often do not control the timing, nature, or extent to which political and policy decisions are adjudicated. Delegation—and the associated choice of institutional design features—is thus only the first step in a chain of processes that determine how a diverse array of nonstate actors influence politically consequential decisions.