bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of structural characteristics on the stability of multi-weak rock slopes considering the spatial variability of geotechnical parameters
Authors: ZHANG Qingqing , ZHANG Huabin , WANG Laigui , LI Quanen , YU Haoyi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The slope of open-pit mines is typically characterized by an interaction structure involving multiple weak layers, with these structural characteristics serving as key factors in determining rock slope stability. Under the influence of random factors such as engineering activities and geological structures, the weak layers of the slope and the intact rock layers undergo relative changes. This interaction leads to a more pronounced spatial variability in the geotechnical parameters that inherently exist. Consequently, twenty generalized models of the rock slope, each with different structural characteristics were established by varying the slope angle, weak layer dip, and slope height. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method was employed to efficiently generate parameters random fields. Utilizing mathematics software and FLAC3D, these random fields were assigned to the numerical model via an independent program. The variations in statistical characteristics of both the deformation and safety factor of the slope were obtained through the strength reduction method. The results indicate that, for both bedding and anti-dip slopes with stochastic geotechnical parameters, an increase in the slope angle results in a decrease in the safety factor, albeit to varying degrees. Additionally an increase in slope height leads to a reduction in the safety factor of the bedding slope. Reducing the slope angle is more effective than decreasing the slope height in improving stability. As the angle of the weak layers increases, the mean safety factor of the bedding rock slope decreases, while that of the anti-dip slope increases. The stability of the anti-dip slope is significantly greater than that of the bedding slope. The dip of the weak layer has a pronounced effect on the stability of the bedding slope; as the dip angle increases, the failure mode shifts from slip failure along the weak layer to slip-toppling failure. In contrast, the potential slip surface of the anti-dip slope typically manifests as an arc shape that intersects multiple weak layers. The sensitivity of the safety factor to structural characteristics follows the order of slope angle, weak layer dip, and slope height from most to least significant.
Research on Intrusion Detection Model Based on Improved MLP Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Qihao , Wang Fuwei , Wang Weimin , Wu Haodong , Ning Weijun , Zhang Tianxin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

As hacking techniques have evolved, attackers have increasingly employed botnets to launch large-scale Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, where multiple compromised devices collaborate. These devices collectively send a massive number of requests to a target, complicating the identification and mitigation of a single attack source. To address these challenges, Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) have been introduced to identify malicious traffic. Traditional behavior-based NIDS, however, depend heavily on balanced datasets. Underrepresented samples in the dataset often degrade model performance. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved NIDS based on a modified MLP algorithm. The model can enhance the detection performance of minority classes in imbalanced datasets. The model incorporates the AlexNet module into the MLP algorithm, where AlexNet is an algorithm used for image feature processing. This work reduces the number of convolutional layers and channels, employs smaller convolutional kernels, and reduces the number of neurons in the fully connected layer to tailor the model for intrusion detection. AlexNet extracts features, while SKNets enhance feature representation, and the tuned fully connected layer performs the final classification. Experimental results demonstrate that our MLP-AS algorithm outperforms the MLP algorithm across all seven proposed classification tasks. Notably, BotnetARES and PortScan exhibit significant improvements in f1-score by 18.93\% and 26.57\%, respectively, validating the effectiveness of the algorithmic enhancements.
Upcycling tannery sludge into superior micro/nano protein fibers to reinforce the mechanical and flame retardant properties of cellulose-based film
Authors: Wei Jiang , He Ting , Liu Mengke , Kong Fanyu , Dong Weijian , Feng Xin , Lu Xiaohua , Zhang Lilong , Zhu Jiahua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Micro/nano protein fibers have attracted increasing attention owing to their advantageous properties for applications in advanced materials. Traditional preparation methods often suffer from high costs of raw-materials and energy-intensive manufacturing processes, which hinder large-scale production. Herein, we present an innovative low-carbon approach for converting tannery sludge into micro/nano protein fibers. The alkali-oxygen cooking combined with ultrasonic process shown the potential to reduce carbon emissions. The resulting micro/nano protein fibers reinforced the mechanical properties of the cellulose-based films. The maximum tensile force of the cellulose-based film was increased by 55.40%, and the Young’s modulus was increased by 22.92%. The micro/nano protein fibers also imparted remarkable flame-retardant characteristics, as indicated by an increased peak temperature of heat loss and a 21.60% reduction in the peak heat release rate of cellulose-based films. This low-carbon and ecofriendly process utilizing leather tannery sludge not only provides a sustainable source of raw materials but also contributes to the circular economy by repurposing industrial waste.
Efficacy of a simplified pre-conceptional laparoscopic cervical cerclage for cervical insufficiency: a retrospective study from a single center Running head: a simplified pre-conceptional laparoscopic cervical cerclage for women’s cervical insufficiency
Authors: Kuang Ledi , Luo GuoLin , Tan Xin , Liao Hong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Cervical insufficiency (CI) is a pathological condition in obstetrics in which the cervix fails to retain the fetus before uterine contractions or labor (painless cervical dilatation). Patients usually have fetal loss in the mid-trimester or spontaneous pre-term birth due to painless cervical dilation. For non-pregnant women with CI, prophylactic laparoscopic abdominal cerclage (LAC) has been reported to improve pregnancy outcomes, such as live birth, neonatal survival, and full-term delivery rate. Conventional LAC involves opening the vesicular space and separating the anterior broad ligament leaves. In our surgical procedure, these two steps were omitted.
Methods: An observational study was conducted retrospectively on patients who underwent a simplified pre-conceptional LAC between January 2015 and December 2022 at the West China Second Hospital of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University. Follow-ups for all the patients ended at the delivery of the fetus. Subsequently, clinical characteristics, perioperative data, and obstetric outcomes were recorded and analyzed.
Results: In total, 108 patients were included in a pre-conception LAC group.
Mean operation time was 56.8 ± 22.8 min, and mean estimated blood loss was 21.4 ± 23.6 mL. Only one case of uroschesis was classified as a grade I postoperative complication, according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. No severe complications or sequelae were observed during the perioperative period. Obstetric outcomes from 98 patients were collected: three patients had miscarriages, and 95 had live births. Of the 95 live births, 4 were twins and 91 were singletons. Two patients had vaginal delivery, and 93 underwent Cesarean section; mean neonatal weight was 3310.2 ± 382.1 g.
Conclusion: A simplified pre-conceptional LAC is a simple, safe, and effective method for women with CI. Thus, it is worthy of promotion to assist women with CI in achieving improved obstetric outcomes. Vaginal delivery after LAC is possible once the tape is removed before labor.
Exploring Saudi Paramedics’ Experiences in Managing Adult Trauma Cases: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Almuwallad Ateeq , Harthi Naif , Albargi Hussain , Siddig Bahja , Alharbi Rayan Jafnan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Saudi paramedics face numerous challenges while providing care for adult trauma patients affecting their care but little is known about these specific challenges.
Methods
A qualitative study was conducted using a purposive sample of Saudi paramedics from the Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA) across various cities. Data were collected through online semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the framework method.
Results
A total of 20 paramedics were recruited and interviewed. They identified challenges in trauma response, including coordinating care, ensuring the accuracy and accessibility of patient information, and maintaining confidence and readiness. Participants emphasized the need for independent knowledge acquisition through courses, simulations, and peer discussions. They also highlighted the need for more paramedics, strategies to reduce burnout, and the importance of accurately assessing patient conditions. Additionally, They also stressed the importance of raising public awareness to enhance trauma care.
Conclusion
This study explored Saudi paramedics' experiences in managing adult trauma patients. Key needs include more staff, standardized handovers, and greater public awareness. Addressing these challenges through increased staffing, improved coordination during handovers, and raising public awareness is crucial for improving trauma care outcomes
A Novel Design for High-Rate DCSK System with Joint Three-dimensional Index Modulation
Authors: zhuo junming , duan chao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

A novel differential chaos shift keying scheme withjoint three-dimensional indexed modulation, called JTIM-DCSK system, is proposed in this paper. Through the use of a Hilbert converter, the proposed JTIM-DCSK system utilizes the unselected time slots and subcarriers for the transmission of information bits, maximizing the usage of all available resources. Additionally, code-index modulation is applied to the reference chaotic signal, significantly improving the overall transmission efficiency of the wireless communication system. To further enhance the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed JTIM-DCSK system, a classical noise reduction algorithm is incorporated at the receiver. We analyze the data rate, complexity and BER performance of the proposed system in comparison with other advanced counterparts, which shows that the proposed scheme has obvious advantages. For low-power, short-range wireless communication, the proposed JTIM-DCSK scheme shows great potential.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Severity of Erectile Dysfunction Following Renal Transplantation
Authors: Miron Adelina , Nistor Ionuț , Moroșanu Corneliu , Sirițeanu Lucian , Pricop Catalin , Puia Dragos , Covic Adrian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Sexual dysfunction is common among dialysis and transplant patients. Our study evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and severity of erectile dysfunction (ED) post-transplant in a single center.
Methods
We conducted a single-centre, observational, non-interventional study of adult male renal graft recipients. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and erectile function was assessed with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire.
Results
179 patients transplanted between 1995–2021 were enrolled (170 answered the questionnaire). Mild, moderate, and severe ED was noted in 33.5%, 20.6% and 10.6% of cases, respectively. ED prevalence increased with age (42.6% of patients < 40, 47.4% of patients aged 40–60, 78.9% of patients > 60). The total mean IIEF score was 16.32 ± 6.93 (erectile function 19.22 ± 7.9, orgasmic function 6.8 ± 2.9, sexual desire 6.43 ± 2.1, intercourse satisfaction 8.96 ± 3.7, overall satisfaction 6.78 ± 2.6). Age, alcohol consumption, type, time on dialysis pre-transplant, and donor type were significantly associated with erectile dysfunction (p < 0.05). Most patients (93.5%) were treated for comorbidities in addition to immunosuppression. Severe ED was significantly more common among patients taking alpha blockers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Conclusions
Self-reported erectile dysfunction post renal transplantation seems influenced by age, alcohol intake, dialysis history, donor type and certain drugs, but not by comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease).
Optimizing Homologous Alcohol Oxidation: Elucidating the Impact of Surfactant-Alcohol Hydrophobic Interaction and Micellar Surface Charge
Authors: Layek Mousumi , Kundu Sandip , Karmakar Priya , Rahaman Sk Mehebub , Mandal Trishna , Patra Arnab , Nandy Arindam , Chakravarty Manab , Sar Pintu , Saha Bidyut 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Micelles, a unique structural arrangement, function as nano-dimensional vessels in organic reactions, facilitating numerous catalytic transformations in water. This comprehensive study aims to explore the potential impact of two anionic surfactants having dissimilar alkyl chain lengths and the hydrophobicity of the aliphatic alcohols as well on the overall kinetic profile of the oxidation study. In this extensive investigation, we employed two analogous anionic surfactants: sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS or SC12S) and sodium tetradecylsulphate (STS or SC14S), which offer the metal-directed oxidative transformations of aliphatic alcohols (propanol and pentanol). The efficacious encapsulation of the alcohol molecules into the micellar nanoreactor as well as the surfactant-alcohol hydrophobic interactions influence the rate of the oxidation processes. Herein, the effectiveness of micellar catalysis is greatly influenced by the surface charge of the micelle produced by the SDS and STS. The SDS (SC12S) micellar medium significantly encourages the reaction rate compared to STS (SC14S) micellar media. In the case of aliphatic alcohols with varying hydrophobicity, the same kind of rate is observed as with surfactants. The reaction pace improves as the substrate and surfactant hydrophobicity reduces. The kinetic observations are elucidated with conductometry, fluorometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, DLS, FESEM, TEM, and Zeta potential analysis. The Piszkiewicz’s kinetic model has also been applied to enlighten the linear rate acceleration in both micellar media.
Creation and Approval of Affordable, Straight Forward Colorimetric Techniques for the Measurement of Norfloxacin in Bulk, Pharmaceutical formulations, and Biological Samples
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naeem , Adnan Muhammad , Bibi Nusrat , Hafsa Hafsa , Salman Syed Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Two straightforward, quick, precise, and affordable spectrophotometric methods have developed for the measurement of pharmaceutical formulations, biological samples, and pure norfloxacin. Norfloxacin is oxidized in an acidic medium with the help of Fe (III) is the basis of the first method (A). With a correlation coefficient of 0.987, the red color complex that is produced when the resultant Fe (II) combines with 1, 10-phenanthroline is measured at 511 nm. Its absorbance is linear with concentration between 1 and 30 µg mL-1. Second method (B) involves adding Ce (IV) to norfloxacin in an acidic medium. Next, a reaction with a predetermined quantity of methyl orange is used to calculate the residual Ce (IV). Absorbance is measured at 508nm, and it has a correlation coefficient of 0.9995, demonstrating a linear relation between concentration and absorbance over the 1–10 µg mL–1 range. The various factors influencing the reaction pathway were carefully examined and included in the protocols. After calculations, the limits of quantification and detection has determined to be (0.261 and 0.87 µg mL-1) and (0.576 and 1.92 µg mL-1) for method A and B respectively. Proposed techniques have successfully used for measurement of pure norfloxacin, pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids after being statistically validated through recoveries studies.
Comparative Evaluation of Calretinin Immunohistochemical Expression in Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst and Ameloblastoma
Authors: Mahdizadeh Maryam , Mahdavi Nazanin , Bijani Ali , Bijani Fatima 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Calretinin is a 29 kilodalton (KDa) calcium-binding protein that is expressed in normal and tumoral tissues. The expression of calretinin has been shown in the dental epithelium during odontogenesis and in different odontogenic cysts and tumors such as ameloblastoma. Since the epithelium of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is similar to ameloblastoma and in both lesions, an arrangement of loose cells similar to stellate reticulum is seen, we aimed to investigate the comparative expression of calretinin in COC and ameloblastoma.
Methods
In this observational-analytical study, 11 paraffin blocks of each lesion were examined. The immunohistochemical expression of calretinin and its severity and distribution were evaluated. Data were evaluated using SPSS version 26 and P < 0.05 was considered the level of significance.
Results
Out of 11 ameloblastoma samples, calretinin staining was positive in 6 samples in the stellate reticulum-like cells and also in the lining of microcysts and macrocysts in some cases. Ameloblasts did not show staining. In COC samples, epithelial cells were not stained, but in 8 samples, staining was seen in the area of ghost cells. There was no significant difference in staining between ameloblastoma and COC (P = 0.33), but the difference in staining in the stellate reticulum of ameloblastoma and COC was significant. (P = 0.012).
Conclusions
it is concluded that calretinin does not play a role in the pathogenesis and histogenesis of COC epithelium, but since ghost cells are caused by a degenerative process, the possibility of involving calretinin as an apoptotic factor in the formation of these cells is supported.
Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 Associated With Microvascular Obstruction in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Du Xinjia , Liu Jiahua , Zhou Jingfang , Ren Yanfei , Gul Nauman , Chen Lei , Lu Yuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Microvascular obstruction (MVO) develops in approximately 50% of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). MVO is strongly linked to inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and adverse clinical outcomes. Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) serves as a biomarker for inflammation and myocardial fibrosis. Yet, the correlation between sST2 and MVO in STEMI patients has not been fully elucidated. This study attempts to evaluate the association between sST2 levels and MVO in STEMI patients following pPCI.
Methods
In this retrospective study, 315 STEMI patients who underwent pPCI at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between June 2018 and August 2023 were included. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was used to assess the characteristics of myocardial infarction and microvascular obstruction (MVO), while sST2 levels were measured upon admission.
Results
The median time for completion of CMR after hospitalization was 5 (4, 6) days. Multivariate regression analysis showed that sST2 (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.02–1.08, p < 0.001), peak high-sensitivity troponin T (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.37–2.91, p < 0.001), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08, p < 0.001) were independently associated with MVO. Integration of sST2 could significantly improve the discrimination and reclassification accuracy for MVO after STEMI (NRI 0.649, 95% CI 0.451–0.846, p < 0.001; IDI 0.071, 95% CI 0.043–0.099, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
sST2 is associated with MVO after pPCI in STEMI patients. Incorporating soluble ST2 (sST2) into the risk model for MVO leads to significant improvement.
Benchmarking Outlier Detection Algorithms in Healthcare: An Analysis Across Diverse Medical Datasets
Authors: Rustamov Jaloliddin , Rustamov Zahiriddin , Badawi Nadia , Damseh Rafat , Jasmi Fatma Al , Zaki Nazar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Outlier detection plays a vital role in data analysis by identifying data points that differ from the expected patterns. In healthcare, this is especially important, as spotting these anomalies can help detect unusual patient conditions, errors in data, or even early signs of fraud. However, even though this is crucial, little research has compared how well different outlier detection methods work in healthcare. This study aims to fill that gap by testing 37 different outlier detection algorithms on 28 healthcare datasets, covering everything from common conditions like diabetes to rare diseases like thyroid disorders. We measured their performance using metrics like ROC-AUC, Average Precision, and F1 Score, along with practical considerations like training time, prediction speed, and memory usage. Our results show that no single model works best across all scenarios. However, methods like HBOS, COPOD, and IForest achieved average ROC-AUC scores of 0.85, 0.83, and 0.82, respectively, performing well in various situations. More complex models like AnoGAN and DeepSVDD achieved ROC-AUC scores up to 0.90 on specific datasets, particularly excelling in datasets with higher dimensionality. This variety highlights the need to choose outlier detection methods based on the specific healthcare context, balancing accuracy and efficiency to meet different clinical and practical needs.This paper provides a solid foundation for future research and development of outlier detection systems in healthcare.
18-Crown-6 Complex Cation Ionic Liquid as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one under solvent free condition
Authors: Mokal Ramesh , Shirole Gopinath , Vane Vilas , Jadhavar Suresh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

An efficient method has been developed for the Biginelli synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one analogues by three component reaction of aryl aldehyde, aceto acetic ester and urea/thiourea under the influence of catalytic amount of Crown Ether Complex Cation Ionic Liquid (CECIL) [18-C-6K]2[CO3] under solvent free reaction. This crucial Biginelli transformation in combination with [18-C-6K]2[CO3] catalytic material are offered many advantages for the world of synthetic organic chemistry such as ecofriendly approach, simple thermal condition, easy workup procedure, without use of toxic organic solvents, short reaction time and good yield of the products.