bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizosphere‐Scale Quantification of Hydraulic and Mechanical Properties of Soil Impacted by Root and Seed Exudates
Authors: Naveed M. , Brown L.K. , Raffan A.C. , George T.S. , Bengough A.G. , Roose T. , Sinclair I. , Koebernick N. , Cooper L. , Hallett P.D. 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
We hypothesized that plant exudates gel soil particles and on drying enhance water repellency.
This has been carried out using rhizosphere‐scale mechanical and hydraulic measurements.
Plant exudates enhanced soil hardness and modulus of elasticity as chia seed > maize root > barley root.
Plant exudates caused measureable decreases in soil wetting rates through water repellency.
Using rhizosphere‐scale physical measurements, we tested the hypothesis that plant exudates gel together soil particles and, on drying, enhance soil water repellency. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Optic) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Freya) root exudates were compared with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed exudate, a commonly used root exudate analog. Sandy loam and clay loam soils were treated with root exudates at 0.46 and 4.6 mg exudate g−1 dry soil and chia seed exudate at 0.046, 0.46, 0.92, 2.3 and 4.6 mg exudate g−1 dry soil. Soil hardness and modulus of elasticity were measured at −10 kPa matric potential using a 3‐mm‐diameter spherical indenter. The water sorptivity and repellency index of air‐dry soil were measured using a miniaturized infiltrometer device with a 1‐mm tip radius. Soil hardness increased by 28% for barley root exudate, 62% for maize root exudate, and 86% for chia seed exudate at 4.6 mg g−1 concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, root exudates did not affect soil hardness, whereas chia seed exudate increased soil hardness by 48% at 4.6 mg g−1 concentration. Soil water repellency increased by 48% for chia seed exudate and 23% for maize root exudate but not for barley root exudate at 4.6 mg g−1 concentration in the sandy loam soil. For the clay loam soil, chia seed exudate increased water repellency by 45%, whereas root exudates did not affect water repellency at 4.6 mg g−1 concentration. Water sorptivity and repellency were both correlated with hardness, presumably due to the combined influence of exudates on the hydrological and mechanical properties of the soils.
Evaluation of Moringa oleifera seed extract by extraction time: effect on coagulation efficiency and extract characteristic
Authors: Jung Youmi , Jung Yoonhee , Kwon Minhwan , Kye Homin , Abrha Yirga Weldu , Kang Joon-Wun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe seed of Moringa oleifera (MO) is a well-known coagulant used in water and wastewater treatment, especially in developing countries. The main mechanism of MO seed extract in coagulation is the positive protein component for charge neutralization. The method for efficient extraction of MO seed is very important for high coagulation activity. In this study, the effects of extraction mixing speed and extraction time of MO on coagulation activity were evaluated using a distilled water extraction method. Although the rotation per minute for extraction did not affect the coagulation efficiency, the extraction time strongly affected the coagulation efficiency of the extract. To evaluate the characteristic change of MO extract by extraction time, the charge of MO extract and protein characteristic in MO extract were analysed. As the extraction time was short, more positive charge and higher protein content were observed. For detailed protein analysis, the fluorescence spectroscopic study (EEM analysis) was performed. The tryptophan-like peak increased at longer extraction times. For efficient extraction of MO seed, a short extraction time is strongly recommended.
New approach for estimation of detention time and prediction of quality in water networks
Authors: Amit B. , Brill E. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A water quality model (WQM) is a tool used for the prediction of water quality in a water distribution network. Previous studies have proposed a variety of methods for computing WQMs. All of these are flow-based and thus require the use of a hydraulic model. The current paper proposes a new methodology for a WQM based on a statistical approach. The study suggests a methodology that predicts the change in both detention time and water quality between two locations in a branched network, without the use of a hydraulic model. The methodology was implemented at a large water utility and tested using real-time data. The model output was then examined and verified by conducting a statistical test to compare the detention time with that predicted using an existing hydraulic model. It was found that the proposed model can be effectively used as a WQM.
Tendências da Atuação Sindical no Brasil de Hoje
Authors: Lazzareschi Noêmia 
Published: February 2018

Este artigo procura demonstrar que a intensificação do processo de internacionalização dos mercados - globalização da economia-, conjugada à reestruturação produtiva, isto é, à modernização tecnológica e organizacional das empresas, como condição para a elevação de sua competitividade, desestruturam os mercados de trabalho e tendem a prescrever a negociação permanente como nova orientação política dos sindicatos para a defesa dos interesses dos trabalhadores, seja empresa por empresa, por setor, seja articulada entre governo x sindicato x empresários. Trata-se de uma verdadeira revolução na regulamentação das relações de trabalho, pois o negociado tende a se sobrepor ao legislado sempre que a manutenção dos empregos estiver amea- çada e desde que respeitadas as garantias fundamentais assegu- radas aos trabalhadores pela CLT - Consolidação das Leis Traba- lhistas -, estratégia adotada antes mesmo da reforma trabalhista recentemente aprovada.
Religia i konwersja jako potencjał w resocjalizacji
Authors: Bernasiewicz Maciej 
Published: February 2018

Autor omawia naukową literaturę poświęconą badaniom dotyczącym znaczenia religii i wiary w procesie resocjalizacji oraz transformacji tożsamościowej. W kontekście wychowania resocjalizującego możemy mówić o religii jako o sile generującej pozytywną zmianę. Autor dowodzi, że konwersja może pomóc uwięzionym osobom uniknąć recydywy, przeciwdziałauzależnieniom oraz pomaga odnaleźć i uwierzyć w dobre życie
Badania osobopoznawcze w penitencjarystyce
Authors: Poklek Robert 
Published: February 2018

Badania osobopoznawcze są podstawą podejmowanych względem osadzonego decyzji administracyjnych oraz oddziaływań penitencjarnych i terapeutycznych. Poprawnie przeprowadzona diagnoza umożliwia zindywidualizowanie procesu resocjalizacji penitencjarnej, prognozowanie penitencjarne i kryminologiczno-społeczne, zapobieganie wzajemnej demoralizacji więźniów oraz zapewnienie porządku i bezpieczeństwa w jednostce penitencjarnej. W artykule podjęto próbę szczegółowego omówienia badań osobopoznawczych osób pozbawionych wolności realizowanych w zakładach karnych i aresztach śledczych w kontekście prawno-kryminologicznym i psychopedagogicznym. Omówiono źródła informacji osobopoznawczych o skazanym oraz procedury podejmowane przez personel więzienny w celu przeprowadzenia i udokumentowania diagnozy penitencjarnej W podsumowaniu wskazano na kompetencje personelu więziennego niezbędne do prowadzenia badań osobopoznawczych.
„Niewidzialne dzieci” – o sytuacji społecznej dzieci osób pozbawionych wolności
Authors: Dzierzyńska-Breś Sonia 
Published: February 2018

Dzieci osób pozbawionych wolności w Polsce są pomijane nie tylko przez teoretyków, ale również przez praktyków związanych z pedagogiką resocjalizacyjną. Wciąż brak jest badań, które diagnozowałyby ich sytuację społeczną oraz działań wspierających tą zaniedbaną przez instytucje pomocowe grupę, co czyni dzieci osób pozbawionych wolności„niewidzialnymi”. Dlatego też celem badań jakościowych, które przeprowadziłam w latach 2013–2014 było zdiagnozowanie sytuacji społecznej rodziny, w tym i dzieci osób pozbawionych wolności. Zrealizowałam wywiady pogłębione zarówno z żonami, jak i partnerkami skazanych (32 osoby), jak i ich dziećmi (12 osób) w ich miejscu zamieszkania. Badane rodziny podzieliłam na takie, które nadal utrzymywały kontakt z uwięzionym, jak i tymi rodzinami, które go zaprzestały. Skazani mężowie/partnerzy i ojcowie, odbywali karę w różnego rodzaju typach i rodzajach zakładów karnych. Próba badawcza dobrana była w sposób zróżnicowany, tak by uchwycić zmienność sytuacji społecznej rodzin, Wybrane rodziny charakteryzowały się również różnorodnym usytuowaniem społecznym. Pozwoliło mi to wyróżnić oraz scharakteryzować trzy typy sytuacji społecznej w której funkcjonują rodziny osób pozbawionych wolności, w tym i dzieci: (1) Sytuację społeczną rodziny skoncentrowanej na wspieraniu procesu resocjalizacji skazanego, (2) Sytuacje społeczną rodziny sprionizowanej, pozostającej w opozycji do procesu resocjalizacji skazanego, (3) Sytuację społeczną rodziny skoncentrowanej na rekonstrukcji własnego otoczenia społecznego.
Research Note: Scraping Financial Data from the Web Using the R Language
Authors: Krotov Vlad , Tennyson Matthew 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The main goal of this research note is to educate business researchers on how to automatically scrape financial data from the World Wide Web using the R programming language. This paper is organized into the following main parts. The first part provides a conceptual overview of the web scraping process. The second part educates the reader about the Rvest package—a popular tool for browsing and downloading web data in R. The third part educates the reader about the main functions of the XBRL package. The XBRL package was developed specifically for working with financial data distributed using the XBRL format in the R environment. The fourth part of this paper presents an example of a relatively complex web scraping task implemented using the R language. This complex web scraping task involves using both the Rvest and XBRL packages for the purposes of retrieving, preprocessing, and organizing financial and nonfinancial data related to a company from various sources and using different data forms. The paper ends with some concluding remarks on how the web scraping approach presented in this paper can be useful in other research projects involving financial and nonfinancial data.
Optimizing Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Adolescents and Emerging Adults Using the MiniMed 670G System
Authors: Messer Laurel H. , Forlenza Gregory P. , Sherr Jennifer L. , Wadwa R. Paul , Buckingham Bruce A. , Weinzimer Stuart A. , Maahs David M. , Slover Robert H. 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE
The MiniMed 670G System is the first commercial hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system for management of type 1 diabetes. Using data from adolescent and young adult participants, we compared insulin delivery patterns and time-in-range metrics in HCL (Auto Mode) and open loop (OL). System alerts, usage profiles, and operational parameters were examined to provide suggestions for optimal clinical use of the system.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from 31 adolescent and young adult participants (14–26 years old) at three clinical sites in the 670G pivotal trial were analyzed. Participants had a 2-week run-in period in OL, followed by a 3-month in-home study phase with HCL functionality enabled. Data were compared between baseline OL and HCL use after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months.

RESULTS
Carbohydrate-to-insulin (C-to-I) ratios were more aggressive for all meals with HCL compared with baseline OL. Total daily insulin dose and basal-to-bolus ratio did not change during the trial. Time in range increased 14% with use of Auto Mode after 3 months (P &lt; 0.001), and HbA1c decreased 0.75%. Auto Mode exits were primarily due to sensor/insulin delivery alerts and hyperglycemia. The percentage of time in Auto Mode gradually declined from 87%, with a final use rate of 72% (−15%).

CONCLUSIONS
In transitioning young patients to the 670G system, providers should anticipate immediate C-to-I ratio adjustments while also assessing active insulin time. Users should anticipate occasional Auto Mode exits, which can be reduced by following system instructions and reliably bolusing for meals. Unique 670G system functionality requires ongoing clinical guidance and education from providers.
Risk Factors for Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Hospital Infection in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Djordjevic Zorana M. , Folic Marko M. , Gajovic Nevena , Jankovic Slobodan M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-Kp) has become a major threat to patients in hospitals, increasing mortality, length of stay and costs.
The aim of this study was to discover risk factors for the development of hospital infections (HIs) caused by CR-Kp.
A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit of the Clinical Centre in Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia, from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015. The “cases” were patients with HIs caused by CR-Kp, while the “controls” were patients infected with carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (CS-Kp). The significance of multiple putative risk factors for HIs caused by CR-Kp was tested using multivariate logistic regression.
Although univariate analyses pointed to many risk factors, with a significant influence on the occurrence of hospital CR-Kp infections, the multivariate logistic regression identified five independent risk factors: use of mechanical ventilation (OR=6.090; 95% CI=1.030-36.020; p=0.046); length of antibiotic therapy before HIs (days) (OR=1.080; 95% CI=1.003-1.387; p=0.045); previous use of carbapenems (OR=7.005; 95% CI=1.054-46.572; p=0.044); previous use of ciprofloxacin (OR=20.628; 95% CI=2.292-185.687; p=0.007) and previous use of metronidazole (OR=40.320; 95% CI=2.347-692.795; p=0.011)
HIs caused by CR-Kp are strongly associated with the use of mechanical ventilation and the duration of the previous use of certain antibiotics (carbapenems, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole).
PENGARUH SSCS PROBLEM SOLVING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MAHASISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN KONSEP LISTRIK DINAMIS
Authors: Johan Henny 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai model sscs problem solving untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam merumuskan dan memilih criteria pemecahan masalah pada konsep listrik dinamis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodekuasieksperimendengandesain“The randomized Pretest-Posttest control group design” yang dilaksanakan di semester dua prodi pendidikan fisika fakultas KIP Universitas Bengkulu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes awal dan tes akhir. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh rata-rata N-gain berpikir kritis kelas eksperimen 0,49 dan rata-rata N-gain berpikir kritis kelas kontrol 0.24. N-gain paling tinggi pada indicator berpikir kritis strategi logis yaitu 0.6. N-gain indicator berpikir kritis membuat kesimpulan 0,44 dan N-gain indicator berpikir kritis menerapkan prinsip sebesar 0,42. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan signifikan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa pada pembelajaran konsep listrik dinamis di kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan model sscs problem solving. Kata Kunci: model search, solve, create and share (sscs)problem solving, berpikirkritis, listrikdinamis
PENENTUAN MOMEN INERSIA BENDA TEGAR DENGAN METODE BANDUL FISIS
Authors: Sitompul Stepanus Sahala 
Published: February 2018

The aim of this research is the define rigid inert moment with physical pendulum method. This method is applied to experiment of simple oscilation that it can be used as a new method. Data anaisys is done in two ways, or methods. The result of graphyc analysis in the first way method is the value of inert moment that is obtained from line gradient in graph hT2 vs h2 is : 6,00 ± 0,20 (10-4 m2 kg); 8,00 ± 0,50 (10-4 m2 kg); 10,80 ± 0,30 (10-4 m2 kg) and 16,40 ± 0,80 (10-4 m2 kg). The second way method, the graphic analisys is found the value of inert moment in the line gradient from this graph hT2 vs x is: 8,10 ± 0,40 (10-4 m2 kg); 10,50 ± 0,40 (10-4 m2 kg); and 16,10 ± 0,60 (10-4 m2 kg). The rigid moment inert with the physical pendulum has result close to the value of rigid inert moment in the literature. The instrument that is made designed can be used to conduct the experiments in physics laboratory. Keys word: Inert moment, simple oscilation, physical pendulum
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI METODE THINK PAIR PAIR SHARE DALAM GERAK MELINGKAR KELAS X MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 2 PONTIANAK
Authors: Suminem Suminem 
Published: February 2018

In the first cycle implementing cooperative learning TPS the students’ mastery is as high as 18% of 33 students, the second cycle there is an increase to 48.48%. Because they have not reached minimal passing grade, the cycle is continued to the third cycle with the achievement grade 93.93% which is more than expectation. Therefore, the application of cooperative to study aims to improve students' mastery of learning outcomes in circular motion. The study was conducted on the class XF MAN 2 in even semester, using cooperative learning methods TPS with the helping of peer tutors. The researching forms an action research with 3 cycles. The results showed that polling method with the help of peer tutors can improve student learning outcomes in the thoroughness of the material optical instruments.Keywords: Cooperative polling, peer tutoring assistance.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA ANALITIK MATERI KROMATOGRAFI BERORIENTASI INKUIRI TERBIMBING
Authors: Kurniasih Dedeh , Rahayu Hanum Mukti 
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this research is to develop valid, practical, and effective guided inquiry teaching set to improve the students’ achievement on the course of Analytical Chemistry in Muhammadiyah University. The researcher applied Thiagarajan 3-D model; define, design, and develop. The sample of this research was obtained by purposive sampling resulted in 7 students as the try out sample and 16 students as the main test sample. The data was collected by measurement, and indirect observation. The instruments of this research were pre-test and post-test questions, observation sheets, and questionnaire sheets. The findings of this research showed that the validity of the teaching set was given the score 1,00 by expert; the practicality of the teaching set from the students’ responses was given the score 75,60 and 82,46; the students’ achievement after utilizing the guided inquiry based teaching set showed that 81,25% fulfill the criteria of completeness. For that reason, the guided inquiry based teaching set developed in this research is suitable to be used in the teaching and learning process. Keywords: Guided inquiry, chromatography, the development of a teaching set
Participação Social e Democrática no Parlasul
Authors: Rosário Luana Paixão Dantas do , Castro Rogério Silva de Magalhães 
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho será refletir acerca do papel do Parlasul no processo de integração política intentada pelo Mercosul. Questionar-se-á a sua natureza de órgão legislativo comunitário, sua legitimidade e as possibilidadesde participação social e democrática no seu âmbito. Para este fim, abordar-se-á a definição de integração política regional e representatividade neste âmbito, a crise da democracia representativa, a despolitização marcante da pós-modernidade e as transformações do cenário político em tempos de globalização e supranacionalização. Propor-se-á a tolerância como vetor imprescindível à realização da verdadeira integração. Comparar-se-á a proposta do Parlasul com a experiência do Parlamento Europeu. A relevância teórica do tema exurge da necessidade de compreensão do modelo de integração política, social e cultural desenvolvida por blocos regionais, em específico, o Mercosul. A relevância prática advém da necessidade de reflexão deste modelo e detecção de eventuais necessidades de correção. O método empregado será o proposto pela fenomenologia, precário e provisório, pelo qual o tema será apreendido em sua complexidade, porém não em sua totalidade.

DOI:10.5585/rdb.v1i1.62
Trabalhador Imigrante em Condição de Irregularidade
Authors: Nicoli Pedro Augusto Gravatá 
Published: February 2018

O exame do trabalho prestado por imigrante em condição de irregularidade migratória revela a disparidade de posições existentes a respeito da questão. De um lado, ordens jurídicas nacionais de caráter meramente repressivo silenciam sobre a especificidade da questão trabalhista ou simplesmente privam trabalhadores imigrantes de proteção como forma de sanção e inibição dos movimentos migratórios. De outro, a normativa internacional de direitos humanos dedica-se à matéria, proclamando a necessidade absoluta da proteção em relação ao trabalho prestado. Nesse cenário, o ensaio propõe um cotejo crítico entre o marco regulatório da imigração no Brasil, consolidado pelo Estatuto do Estrangeiro, e a abordagem da questão no âmbito da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT), para concluir pela necessária proteção da dignidade do trabalhador, que não pode ser preterida.

DOI:10.5585/rdb.v1i1.64
O Afastamento Compulsório de Seres Humanos na Atualidade e Algumas Peculiaridades da Extradição
Authors: Del’olmo Florisbal De Souza 
Published: February 2018

O estudo analisa os institutos jurídicos voltados para o afastamento compulsório de pessoas de um país. Trata-se de tema relevante, em qualquer época. São referidos institutos do passado, hoje considerados desumanos, assim como os admitidos atualmente pelos Estadosdemocráticos: deportação, expulsão, mandado de detenção europeu e entrega. A extradição, por ser o instituto mais relevante nessa temática, merece capítulo especial, sendo estudado sua conceituação, requisitos e sua extensão aos nacionais. O trabalho se completa com reflexões sobre a extradição ativa no Brasil, a extradiçãoinadmitida, as razões invocadas pelos extraditandos na busca de se manterem no País e o caso Stangl, pela sua importância no direito extradicional brasileiro.

DOI:10.5585/rdb.v1i1.65
A Extradição: Entre Escolhas Políticas e Atuação Judiciária
Authors: Tesi Maristella Amisano 
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o instituto da extradição, que é um instrumento importante de colaboração processual internacional. O estudo se concentrará no conceito de extradição, seus princípios e a aplicação num caso prático: a extradição que a Itália pediuao Brasil do Cesare Battisti. Para fazer isso devemos analisar a disciplina normativa italiana, a disciplina brasileira sobre a extradição e o Tratadobilateral assinado em Roma no ano de 1989. Em seguida será examinado o caso do Battisti, que é um exemplo que vai ser explicado somente pelos aspectos importantes para o desenvolvimento e a conclusão do trabalho. Trata-se de um caso que nos permite sublinhar algumas características da extradição, mas aqui não importadelinear a figura do Cesare Battisti. A conclusão quer evidenciar a natureza dupla da extradição, instituto entre escolhas políticas e avaliações jurídicas no mesmo tempo. A tese que se argumenta é que a decisão legitimamentepolítica não pode ser justificada através de argumentosjurídicos: os âmbitos têm que se manter divididos. Além de uma decisão legal favorável, aspectos políticos podem sugerir a não extradiçao: o importante é manter separadas as motivações: uma decisão política tem motivações políticas, uma decisão jurídica tem motivações jurídicas.

DOI:10.5585/rdb.v1i1.70
O Caso Battisti
Authors: Cossiri Angela , Cosimo Giovanni Di 
Published: February 2018

O artigo reconstrói os fatos judiciais relativos a vários pedidos de extradição para a Itália de Cesare Battisti, um caso que interessou os tribunais franceses, a Corte Europeia dos Direitos Humanos e as autoridades brasileiras. Na perspectiva constitucional, foi mostrado o quadro das garantias aplicadas pelos Tribunais Italianos de Justiça em processos que levaram à condenação do extraditando, demonstrando que a Itália manteve todas as características do Estado de Direito, também durante o momento difícil da luta ao terrorismo interno.

DOI:10.5585/rdb.v1i1.83