bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Profitability” vs. “Making It:” Causes and Consequences of Disembedding Beginning Farms’ Finances
Authors: Rissing Andrea 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEfforts to recruit, train, and support beginning farmers often emphasize that mastering business finances is a key to farm success. Such efforts to inculcate business mentalities in new farmers are akin to farm‐level projects of economic disembedding. While many experts hold that isolating a farm's financial metrics reveals its viability, this article draws upon Polanyian economic understandings to argue that disembedding a farm's finances is fundamentally impossible and that a new farm's finances do not reliably indicate its longevity. Analysis of 12 Iowa cases where alternative farmers decided to quit within five years shows that not all profitable farms succeed. Rather, factors such as personal relationships, burnout, and dissatisfaction with rural life interact with a farm's finances to impact decision‐making in highly individual ways. Instead of reducing farm economics to farm finances, this article argues for a contextual understanding of financial considerations within social, historical, and relational elements.
Diabetes‐specific self‐esteem, self‐care and glycaemic control among adolescents with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kenowitz J. R. , Hoogendoorn C. J. , Commissariat P. V. , Gonzalez J. S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore the relationships between diabetes‐specific self‐esteem, self‐care and glycaemic control among diverse adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsAdolescents (aged 13–21 years) diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes for at least one year, receiving care at an urban medical centre, completed a self‐report battery including demographic information, the Diabetes‐Specific Self‐Esteem Scale and Self‐Care Inventory. Glycaemic control (HbA1c) was obtained from medical records at recruitment and one year later. Bivariate correlation and multiple linear regression assessed relationships between the Diabetes‐Specific Self‐Esteem scale, Self‐Care Inventory and HbA1c at baseline and one year.ResultsParticipants included 85 adolescents (15.9 ± 2.1 years; 53% women; 47% Hispanic/Latino). Diabetes‐specific self‐esteem scores did not differ based on patient characteristics but were significantly correlated with baseline self‐care (r = 0.59, P < 0.001) and HbA1c at baseline (r = ‐0.51, P < 0.001) and one year later (r = ‐0.48, P < 0.001). Diabetes‐specific self‐esteem remained a significant correlate of baseline (β = ‐0.41, P < 0.001) and follow‐up HbA1c (β = ‐0.37, P = 0.008) when adjusting for covariates and self‐care. Diabetes‐specific self‐esteem was not significantly associated with change in HbA1c.ConclusionsResults suggest that diabetes‐specific self‐esteem is significantly associated with self‐care and glycaemic control among diverse adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes‐specific self‐esteem may be more closely related to HbA1c than reports of the frequency of self‐care behaviours, and could represent a useful tool for clinical and research applications.
Type 2 diabetes treatment and outcomes worldwide: A short review of the DISCOVER study programme
Authors: Khunti Kamlesh , Ji Linong , Medina Jesús , Surmont Filip , Kosiborod Mikhail 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe global burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing, indicating an urgent need for improved disease prevention and management strategies. Contemporary, global, real‐world data, collected in a consistent way, on the characteristics, treatment and outcomes of people with T2D are lacking, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries where disease burden is increasing most rapidly. The DISCOVER study programme (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02322762 and NCT02226822) is a global, prospective, 3‐year programme of observational research, which has been designed to fill this knowledge gap. DISCOVER is being conducted in 38 countries across six continents, including several lower‐middle‐ and upper‐middle‐income countries where patients have rarely or never been studied previously. In total, 15 992 people with T2D who had initiated a second‐line glucose‐lowering therapy have been recruited. Data being collected include information on demographics, clinical and treatment characteristics, socio‐economic status, clinical outcomes and patient‐reported outcomes. Findings from DISCOVER will provide unique insights into current patterns of T2D care worldwide, which should contribute to informing clinical guidelines and health policy, and may help to improve patient care.
Ostium primum atrial septal defect with persistent left superior vena cava opening into unroofed coronary sinus—A rare entity
Authors: Garg Ashok , Agrawal Deepak , Mishra Deepika , Sharma Gyarsi Lal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRaghib syndrome is a rare developmental complex consisting of termination of the left superior vena cava in the left atrium, absence of the coronary sinus, and an atrial septal defect commonly located at the posterior‐inferior angle of the atrial septum. This complex was considered unique to Raghib syndrome; however, cases with a normal atrial septum have been reported where the orifice of the unroofed coronary sinus functions as the inter‐atrial communication. Our patient demonstrated an isolated persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium through unroofed coronary sinus and presence of ostium primum atrial septal defect.
Comparison of intracardiac and transoesophageal echocardiography for guidance of percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ribeiro Joana Maria , Teixeira Rogério , Puga Luís , Costa Marco , Gonçalves Lino 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsWe performed a meta‐analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) vs transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) for the guidance of percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO).Methods and ResultsA comprehensive search of the literature was performed, from inception to December 2018 using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar electronic databases, and references from articles. Publications comparing ICE and TOE for the guidance of percutaneous LAAO were included in the analysis. The co‐primary endpoints were procedural success and procedure‐related complications. Secondary endpoints included procedural and fluoroscopy times and the volume of contrast media used. Five studies were included in the analysis, providing a total of 1122 patients. Procedural success was similar with both techniques (pooled odd ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–2.75, P = 0.24, I2 = 0%), with a trend for less procedure‐related complications in the ICE group (pooled OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.31–1.05, P = 0.07, I2 = 0%). Neither procedural (mean difference −1.64 minutes, 95% CI −16.42 to 13.14, P = 0.83, I2 = 96%) nor fluoroscopy times (mean difference + 1.29 minutes, 95% CI −1.38 to 3.97, P = 0.34, I2 = 76%) varied significantly between groups. There was a reduction in the volume of contrast media used in the ICE group (mean difference −9.71 mL, 95% CI −14.61 to −4.81, P > 0.01, I2 = 0%).ConclusionIntracardiac echocardiography is a safe and effective alternative to TOE for guidance of percutaneous LAAO.
The Ventral Tegmental Area has calbindin neurons with the capability to co‐release glutamate and dopamine into the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Mongia Smriti , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Liu Bing , Zhang Shiliang , Wang Huiling , Morales Marisela 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe ventral tegmental area (VTA) has three major classes of neurons: dopaminergic (expressing tyrosine hydroxylase; TH), GABAergic (expressing vesicular GABA transporter; VGaT) and glutamatergic (expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2; VGluT2). While VTA dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons have been further characterized by expression of calcium‐binding proteins (calbindin, CB; calretinin, CR or parvalbumin, PV), it is unclear whether these proteins are expressed in rat VTA glutamatergic neurons. Here, by a combination of in situ hybridization (for VGluT2 mRNA detection) and immunohistochemistry (for CB‐, CR‐ or PV‐detection), we found that among the total population of VGluT2 neurons, 30% coexpressed CB, 3% coexpressed PV and <1% coexpressed CR. Given that some VGluT2 neurons coexpress TH or VGaT, we examined whether these neurons coexpress CB, and found that about 20% of VGluT2‐CB neurons coexpressed TH and about 13% coexpressed VGaT. Because VTA TH‐CB neurons are known to target the nucleus accumbens (nAcc), we determined whether VGluT2‐CB‐TH neurons innervate nAcc, and found that about 80% of VGluT2‐CB neurons innervating the nAcc shell coexpressed TH. In summary, (a) CB, PV and CR are detected in subpopulations of VTA‐VGluT2 neurons; (b) CB is the main calcium‐binding protein present in VTA‐VGluT2 neurons; (c) one‐third of VTA‐VGluT2 neurons coexpress CB; (d) some VTA‐VGluT2‐CB neurons have the capability to co‐release dopamine or GABA, and (e) a subpopulation of VTA glutamatergic‐dopaminergic neurons innervates nAcc shell. These findings further provide evidence for molecular diversity among VTA‐VGluT2 neurons, neurons that may play a role in specific circuitry and behaviours.
Restoration of arterial oxygen tension in horses recovering from general anaesthesia
Authors: Bardell D. , Mosing M. , Cripps P.J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundArterial hypoxaemia is common in anaesthetised horses, but little information exists regarding restoration of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) during recovery from anaesthesia, or if intra‐operative management factors exert any longer‐term effect.ObjectivesTo evaluate PaO2in horses recovering from general anaesthesia up to 1 h after resuming standing.Study designProspective observational clinical cohort study.MethodsSystemically healthy adult horses undergoing inhalational general anaesthesia for elective surgical procedures were studied. Arterial blood samples were obtained anaerobically prior to pre‐anaesthetic medication, at end of anaesthesia, immediately following positioning in the recovery box, then at 10‐min intervals until standing. Additionally, samples were taken when horses achieved sternal recumbency, at standing (STAND) and 1 h after standing (STAND+1). Data were analysed using ANOVA and mixed‐effects linear regression, with significance set at P<0.05.ResultsData from one hundred and two horses were analysed. Forty horses received controlled mandatory ventilation (CMV) throughout anaesthesia, 47 breathed spontaneously (SV) and 15 initially breathed spontaneously before CMV was imposed (S‐CMV). Overall, PaO2, P(A‐a)O2and PaCO2remained significantly lower than baseline at STAND+1 (P<0.01). CMV resulted in higher PaO2at the end of anaesthesia (P = 0.03) and during early recovery (P<0.01) than SV. Only in group S‐CMV did PaO2, P(A‐a)O2and PaCO2return to baseline values at STAND+1. Highest PaO2values associated with CMV were also associated with early recovery apnoea.Main limitationsNon‐standardised anaesthetic management, temporal and quantitative variation in oxygen delivery during early recovery and lack of control group where oxygen was electively withheld during recovery.ConclusionsControlled mandatory ventilation results in better pulmonary function in horses as assessed by PaO2, P(A‐a)O2and PaCO2, an effect enhanced by an initial period of SV and still evident 1 h after standing. High PaO2values may contribute to early recovery apnoea but this does not adversely affect outcome.The Summary is available in Portuguese – see Supporting Information
Increasing microbial carbon use efficiency with warming predicts soil heterotrophic respiration globally
Authors: Ye Jian‐Sheng , Bradford Mark A. , Dacal Marina , Maestre Fernando T. , García‐Palacios Pablo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe degree to which climate warming will stimulate soil organic carbon (SOC) losses via heterotrophic respiration remains uncertain, in part because different or even opposite microbial physiology and temperature relationships have been proposed in SOC models. We incorporated competing microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE)–mean annual temperature (MAT) and enzyme kinetic–MAT relationships into SOC models, and compared the simulated mass‐specific soil heterotrophic respiration rates with multiple published datasets of measured respiration. The measured data included 110 dryland soils globally distributed and two continental to global‐scale cross‐biome datasets. Model–data comparisons suggested that a positive CUE–MAT relationship best predicts the measured mass‐specific soil heterotrophic respiration rates in soils distributed globally. These results are robust when considering models of increasing complexity and competing mechanisms driving soil heterotrophic respiration–MAT relationships (e.g., carbon substrate availability). Our findings suggest that a warmer climate selects for microbial communities with higher CUE, as opposed to the often hypothesized reductions in CUE by warming based on soil laboratory assays. Our results help to build the impetus for, and confidence in, including microbial mechanisms in soil biogeochemical models used to forecast changes in global soil carbon stocks in response to warming.
Heat transfer in human hair
Authors: Petrovicova E. , Kamath Y.K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn the process of daily grooming, human hair often undergoes heat treatments. These treatments create temperature gradients inside individual hair fibres or bundles of hair which can lead to hair damage.MethodsMathematical models were built for heat transfer in a single hair as well as thin tresses of hair during blow drying.ResultsMathematical analysis led to temperature profiles suggestive of fast transfer of heat in a single hair mainly through conduction. However, in a hair assembly, the process involved both conduction and convection leading to a slower rate of heat transfer. Penetration of heat to the centre of the hair assembly took minutes rather than seconds.ConclusionThis model is useful in understanding hair damage potential in styling hair with high temperature devices such as flat irons and processes which involve deforming hair at relatively high temperatures.
Low‐temperature oxidation‐induced crack healing in Ti2Al0.5Sn0.5C–Al2O3 composites
Authors: Bei Guoping , Mačković Mirza , Spiecker Erdmann , Greil Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe oxidation‐induced crack healing of an Al2O3 composite loaded with various volume fractions of Ti2Al0.5Sn0.5C repair filler particles was investigated by annealing in air at a relatively low temperature of 700°C. After annealing a composite with 20 vol.% repair fillers (with a particle size of ~5.6 µm) for 48 hours, artificial indentation cracks prepared on the surface, as well as pores near the surface, were completely healed by filling with condensed oxidation products. Additionally, minor fraction of metallic Sn was detected. A complementary study by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy revealed that nano‐sized oxidation products (SnO2, TiO2, and α‐Al2O3 phase) were formed as major crack‐filling species. After healing, the strength recovery of the Al2O3 composites was significantly improved in the composites loaded with more than 10 vol.% repair fillers and achieved 107% at 700 for 48 hours.
Theological Education as Missional Formation
Authors: George Samuel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTheological education is missional in nature. The disability perspective within theological education provides this missional aspect, which is vital for the growth and sustenance of the church. Since its inception, the World Council of Churches Ecumenical Disability Advocates Network (WCC‐EDAN) has contributed to this great mission. This paper is an attempt to understand theological education as missional formation from the perspective of disability studies, especially the contributions of WCC‐EDAN.
Paul’s “Thorn in the Flesh” and Christian Mission to People with Disabilities
Authors: Togarasei Lovemore 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article attempts a holistic theological analysis of what the mission of the church to people living with disabilities (PLWDs) should be. The article pays attention to Paul’s reference to a “thorn in his flesh” using the theory of complex embodiment. It counters the emphasis in some churches on healing as the proper response to the needs of PLWDs. Rather, the article seek to present a theology that gives PLWDs greater knowledge of and control over their bodies to live meaningful lives even with their disabilities. The article argues that Paul lived with a disability and that although he sought to have it healed, he later accepted it and lived fully and meaningfully with it. It concludes that, from the example of Paul, the church’s mission to PLWDs should not necessarily be the healing of disabilities but their empowerment and integration in our societies.
The Spirit‐led Church
Authors: Alva Reginald 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe live in a world where technology is radically changing the way we live. The rapid development in the fields of science, especially artificial intelligence, cloning, and stem cell technology, is making our lives more convenient; however, it is also giving rise to a plethora of new ethical issues. Further, weakening of organized religions, moral depravity, and loss of societal values are making society more complex and vulnerable. In such a context, what would be the mission of the church in the contemporary world? How can the church help those who are seeking to know the meaning of their lives? Christians believe that the Holy Spirit is the protagonist in the life of the church. How can the church be truly Spirit led in fulfilling its mission in the world? This article focuses mainly on the mission of the Catholic Church in the contemporary world. The main sources of the study are the documents of the Second Vatican Council, church documents, especially on mission, and views of experts in missiology.
Effect of selection and selective genotyping for creation of reference on bias and accuracy of genomic prediction
Authors: Gowane Gopal R. , Lee Sang Hong , Clark Sam , Moghaddar Nasir , Al‐Mamun Hawlader A. , van der Werf Julius H. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReference populations for genomic selection usually involve selected individuals, which may result in biased prediction of estimated genomic breeding values (GEBV). In a simulation study, bias and accuracy of GEBV were explored for various genetic models with individuals selectively genotyped in a typical nucleus breeding program. We compared the performance of three existing methods, that is, Best Linear Unbiased Prediction of breeding values using pedigree‐based relationships (PBLUP), genomic relationships for genotyped animals only (GBLUP) and a Single‐Step approach (SSGBLUP) using both. For a scenario with no‐selection and random mating (RR), prediction was unbiased. However, lower accuracy and bias were observed for scenarios with selection and random mating (SR) or selection and positive assortative mating (SA). As expected, bias disappeared when all individuals were genotyped and used in GBLUP. SSGBLUP showed higher accuracy compared to GBLUP, and bias of prediction was negligible with SR. However, PBLUP and SSGBLUP still showed bias in SA due to high inbreeding. SSGBLUP and PBLUP were unbiased provided that inbreeding was accounted for in the relationship matrices. Selective genotyping based on extreme phenotypic contrasts increased the prediction accuracy, but prediction was biased when using GBLUP. SSGBLUP could correct the biasedness while gaining higher accuracy than GBLUP. In a typical animal breeding program, where it is too expensive to genotype all animals, it would be appropriate to genotype phenotypically contrasting selection candidates and use a Single‐Step approach to obtain accurate and unbiased prediction of GEBV.
Comprehensive epigenetic analyses reveal master regulators driving lung metastasis of breast cancer
Authors: Li Kening , Xu Congling , Du Yuxin , Junaid Muhammad , Kaushik Aman‐Chandra , Wei Dong‐Qing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe lung metastasis of breast cancer involves complicated regulatory changes driven by chromatin remodelling. However, the epigenetic reprogramming and regulatory mechanisms in lung metastasis of breast cancer remain unclear. Here, we generated and analysed genome‐wide profiles of multiple histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3, H3K4me1 and H3K9me3), as well as transcriptome data in lung‐metastatic and non‐lung‐metastatic breast cancer cells. Our results showed that the expression changes were correlated with the enrichment of specific histone modifications in promoters and enhancers. Promoter and enhancer reprogramming regulated gene expression in a synergetic way, and involved in multiple important biological processes and pathways. In addition, lots of gained super‐enhancers were identified in lung‐metastatic cells. We also identified master regulators driving differential gene expression during lung metastasis of breast cancer. We found that the cooperations between regulators were much closer in lung‐metastatic cells. Moreover, regulators such as TFAP2C, GTF2I and LMO4 were found to have potential prognostic value for lung metastasis free (LMF) survival of breast cancer. Functional studies motivated by our data analyses uncovered an important role of LMO4 in regulating metastasis. This study provided comprehensive insights into regulatory mechanisms, as well as potential prognostic markers for lung metastasis of breast cancer.
Biomaterials and regenerative technologies used in bone regeneration in the craniomaxillofacial region: Consensus report of group 2 of the 15th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Dahlin Christer , Apatzidou Danae , Artzi Zvi , Bozic Darko , Calciolari Elena , De Bruyn Hugo , Dommisch Henrik , Donos Nikos , Eickholz Peter , Ellingsen Jan E. , Haugen Håvard J. , Herrera David , Lambert France , Layrolle Pierre , Montero Eduardo , Mustafa Kamal , Omar Omar , Schliephake Henning 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsTo review the regenerative technologies used in bone regeneration: bone grafts, barrier membranes, bioactive factors and cell therapies.Material and MethodsFour background review publications served to elaborate this consensus report.Results and ConclusionsBiomaterials used as bone grafts must meet specific requirements: biocompatibility, porosity, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, surface properties, biodegradability, mechanical properties, angiogenicity, handling and manufacturing processes. Currently used biomaterials have demonstrated advantages and limitations based on the fulfilment of these requirements. Similarly, membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) must fulfil specific properties and potential biological mechanisms to improve their clinical applicability. Pre‐clinical and clinical studies have evaluated the added effect of bone morphogenetic proteins (mainly BMP‐2) and autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) when used as bioactive agents to enhance bone regeneration. Three main approaches using cell therapies to enhance bone regeneration have been evaluated: (a) “minimally manipulated” whole tissue fractions; (b) ex vivo expanded “uncommitted” stem/progenitor cells; and (c) ex vivo expanded “committed” bone‐/periosteum‐derived cells. Based on the evidence from clinical trials, transplantation of cells, most commonly whole bone marrow aspirates (BMA) or bone marrow aspirate concentrations (BMAC), in combination with biomaterial scaffolds has demonstrated an additional effect in sinus augmentation and horizontal ridge augmentation, and comparable bone regeneration to autogenous bone in alveolar cleft repair.