bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difficult-to-Treat Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens in the Intensive Care Unit: Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Treatment
Authors: Strich Jeffrey R. , Kadri Sameer S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAntibiotic resistance among gram-negative pathogens is a world-wide problem that poses a constant threat to patients in the intensive care unit and a therapeutic challenge for the intensivist. Furthermore, the substantial economic burden and increased mortality associated with infections due to highly resistant gram-negative pathogens exacerbate these challenges. Understanding the mechanisms, epidemiology, and risk factors for these infections is paramount to the successful control of outbreaks and for guiding therapy which often entails use of antibiotics with suboptimal efficacy and/or toxicity profiles. In this review we will discuss the global epidemiology, burden, risk factors, and treatment of highly resistant gram-negative infections as they apply to the intensive care population.
Rare earth elements (REE) as feed additives in animal nutrition.
Authors: Flachowsky G. , Bampidis V. , Zhao GuangYong Zhao GuangYong , Grün M. , Meyer U. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
After providing a brief historical survey of the use of rare earth elements (REE) as feed additives, the authors of this review attempt to analyse the implications of REE in animal nutrition; they demonstrate the results of a variety of efficacy studies in food producing animals and consider REE-residues in organs and tissues of such animals. The results of those studies are as inconsistent as their approaches and as REE or compounds of various REE applied in the presented investigations. Current research data do not yet reveal if REE are essential to animal metabolism. Furthermore, we don't know so far the exact functions of individual elements and mixtures of REE concerning animal metabolism and yield. As results are inconsistent, no general economic implications can be predicted either. It is proposed that future research should focus on individual REE before investigating the effects of defined REE-mixtures. Apart from determining possible mechanisms and potential effects of REE in more detail, further studies might explore long-term effects and should also be conducted with regard to food safety and environmental aspects.
Analysis of POME Discharge Quality from Different Mill in Perak, Malaysia: A case study
Authors: Sapie S , Jumali S S , Mustaffha S , Pebrian D E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a major concern of oil palm mill because it contributes to numerous pollution such as soil, water and air pollution. In order to maintain a clean environment for a sustainable agricultural system in oil palm plantation, the quality of POME and its level must be monitored to ensure that the requirement set by the country is met. Hence, this paper is written based on the data of POME final discharge into waterways taken from Malaysian Department of Environment in four regions of Perak, Malaysia. The data is compared between regions and relatively different levels of discharge have been produced. Some of the mills produce final POME wastewater above the limit that has been set. The remaining mills discharge the wastewater below the maximum allowed level. This is an indicator that each mill has its own Standard of Procedures in treating POME before being discharged into waterways. It is suggested that the mills take a proactive approach to treat POME beyond the ponding system. POME can be physically processed to produce biofertilizer and biocompost for organic farming. The mills apply phytoremediation techniques in treating POME to reduce the unwanted variables that can affect the sustainability of our environment.
Birding Backyard: Birdwatching in Andalas University
Authors: Janra M N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Andalas University campus comples in Limau Manis area is renowned for its beautiful scenery and close-to-nature environment due to its attachment to the forest of Bukit Barisan mountainous chain in Sumatera. Here in this paper, we descriptively discuss the ornithological aspects of the Andalas University campus complex in its relation for being a birdwatching destination. It combined the literature study on previous ornithological publications made from this area with recent observation exhaustively conducted in some strategic birding sites in the campus complex. In overall, we recorded 160 bird species from surrounding of Andalas University with possibility for more increasing new species sighted in given time; they belong to 44 families and 14 orders. Included in species inventory 1 species with Appendix I and 15 species Appendix II of CITES; 31 species protected by Indonesian Law; 1 species with Critically Endangered status, 2 species with Vulnerable status, 20 species with Near Threatened status of IUCN Red List; 16 migrant species from North and 6 migrant species from south hemisphere. There are five major bird habitats in this area; ponds, rivers or tributaries, green spaces, secondary and primary forests. We also identified direct and indirect threats for bird diversity in this area, such as illegal logging, illegal hunting and poaching, introduced predators, as well as animal abusing. Further attention needs to be paid for protecting bird species and their habitats in Andalas University campus complex through the enforcement of campus conservation policy.
Identification of chemical structure of anthocyanin and other active substances of red color melinjo peels by FTIR and LC-MC analysis
Authors: Tarmizi E , Putri A Z E , Nusandari M A , Husnil Y A , Saragih R , Lalasari L H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Research on red color melinjo peels containing anthocyanin active substance has been studied since 2011, starting from anthocyanin extraction stage (maceration) by using both polar and non-polar solvents, a variation of citric acid addition and stability of anthocyanin extract storage and application of anthocyanin for food and beverage. However, research on the identification of anthocyanin chemical structures and other active substances of red color melinjo peels is also necessary. The purpose of this study was to identify the structure of anthocyanin and other active substances from red color melinjo peels with FTIR and LC-MS analysis. The results obtained: from FTIR analysis shown wavelength, among others: 3425 cm-1, 1725 cm-1, 1632 cm-1 and 1219 cm-1, it shows that inside the red color melinjo peels contained OH function group, C=O, C=C, and CO. From the LC-MS analysis shown at a minute of 1.62 observed BM = 302.236, which is the molecular weight of the Quercetin compound. The mass spectrum with the base peak height of m/z = 165, at min 3.83 has 100% abundance, whereas the 50% abundance at peak M+m/z = 242 has BM = 271 with the anthocyanin molecule of red color melinjo peels C15O5H11. The anthocyanin type of red color melinjo peels is a cyanine compound.
Influence of Cd, Mn, and Co addition on the structural and optical properties of TiO2 crystal
Authors: Wahyuningsih S , Purnawan C , Aisyah D N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Synthesis of TiO2-M (M = Cd, Mn, Co) has been done by the sol gel method. Solution of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was hydrolyzed using a solution of glacial acetic acid at a temperature range of 10-15 °C to obtain a sol, subsequently heated to form a white gel. Ion solution Cd (II), Mn (II) and Co (II) each added to the gel TiO2 with Ti:M mole ratio (M= Cd, Mn, Co) = 3:1 (mol/mol). After calcination process at a temperature of 400 °C, we have obtained TiO2 and TiO2-M (Cd, Mn, Co). Characterization of the samples with XRD showed TiO2-M (M = Cd, Mn, Co) produces crystalline of anatase TiO2 phase. SEM-EDX results showed differences in the amount of metal contained within TiO2-M (M= Cd, Mn, Co) that is equal to 8.62% (w/w) Cd; 3.26% (w/w) Mn; 0.721% (w/w) Co. The addition of transition metals ion as impurities as Cd (II), Mn (II), or Co (II) have inhibited the growth of TiO2 crystals. The insertion of metal ions in the TiO2 were also affected the optical properties shown by the energy band gap (Eg) shift in order of Eg TiO2 (3.35 eV)>TiO2-Cd (3.10 eV)>TiO2-Co (3.00 eV)>TiO2-Mn (2.5 eV). The eletronic structures of TiO2 doped 3d transition metals showed that an electron occupied level energy occurs. Electron from dopand are somewhat delocalized, thus significantly contributing to the formaton of the valece band with O p and Ti 3d electrons. Based on a comparation with the absorption data, we show that t2g state of the dopand plays a significant role in the photoresponse of TiO2 under visible irradiaton.
Modelling electric field influence on density of states (dos) and localization length of poly(da)-poly(dt) dna
Authors: Rahmani F , Yudiarsah E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
DNA based microelectronics technology have been developed in the last couple of years, but researchers found that its stability can be volatile to the change in its environment. In this research, electron transport in DNA poly(dA)-(dT) have been analysed by observing its density of states (DOS) and localization length. Retarded green function is used to calculate DOS, whereas transfer-matrix method is employed in calculating localization length in order to determine the electronic structure of the DNA. Along the z-axis of DNA electric field is applied, it will alter hopping constant between sites in DNA. Tight binding model is incorporated with Miller-Abraham expression to yield electric field and also temperature influence in DOS. Effect of medium is considered within the calculation. The results tell us that as the electric field increases, the value of DOS decreases, so that the localization length. The increment of temperature also shows similar trend.
Size and aspect ratio dependency of sensitivity of ellipsoidal metal nanoparticle based liquid sensor
Authors: Muldarisnur M , Oktorina E , Fridayanti N , Zeni E , Elvaswer E , Syukri S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Detection of bio chemical species in a liquid is very important for research and technical purposes. In the last decade, metallic nanoparticles have been shown to be potential for such measurement. Resonance wavelength (or frequency) of free electron oscillation on metallic nanoparticle surface is very sensitive to tiny changes of its surrounding environment. Change in surrounding medium shifts the resonance wavelength with a slope determined mainly by the size and geometry of nanoparticle. We numerically optimized size and aspect ratio of silver and gold nanoparticles to obtain the highest sensing sensitivity. Here, sensitivity is defined as the slope of resonance wavelength on refractive index of liquid. We found that size, aspect ratio, and material of metal affect sensing sensitivity of metal nanoparticle based sensor significantly.
Ab Initio DFT Study of Band Gap of Armchair and Zigzag Graphenes
Authors: Hauwali N U J , Syuhada I , Ligasetiawan V E , Winata T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Graphene sheet is a single-atom thick material and attracts great interest due to its extraordinary physical properties, but it has zero bandgap. At the boundary of graphene sheet, two types of stable edges were the zigzag edge and armchair edge. The electronic states of graphene largely depend on the edge structures. In this research, we used Quantum ESPRESSO package to calculate the band gap of armchair and zigzag graphene due to the increase of their number of cells. The results show that the graphene band gaps are influenced by the number of cells in the armchair and zigzag configuration.
Permeability of Piroxicam with Sodium Lauryl Sulfate as Surfactant
Authors: Prihapsara F , Saputra W A , Artanti A N , Ermawati D E , Rohmani S , Yugatama A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Piroxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which have characteristic insoluble in water and poorly fluidity. The profile absorption from piroxicam was depend on its dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal tract (GI). To improve the solubility in the water, it can used Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant which have mechanism by forming a micelle. The aim of this study was to measure the influence gradiet concentration of SLS with Piroxicam absorption that can observe by inverted intestinal sac method. The concentration of piroxicam solution that added by SLS are 1, 2, and 3% respectively. The preparation method using Crane and Wilson tube containing mucosal fluid. After preparation, it was taken at 37°C in waterbath and added with serosal solution to intestinal sac by turned upside down and tied to a cannula. The sample was placed in the tube containing mucosal fluid and constantly flowing by oxygen gas. To measure the absorsion of piroxicam that used serosal solution which every 15 minutes was taken on tube. After this, it was diluted using Ba(OH)2 and ZnSO4 then continuous with separating process. The absorbant of supernatant was measured using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Data analyse was calculated by one-way ANOVA. According to Pm, the values 0.25x10-3 cm/minute (0% SLS), 0.39x10-3 cm/minute (1% SLS), 1.45x10-3 cm/minute (2% SLS) and 1.26x10-3 cm/minute (3% SLS) respectively. In conclusion, 2 % SLS significantly give the highest absorption of piroxicam by altering the membrane permeability.
Optimization SNEDDS (Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) of ZnO that dispersed into Hydrogel Matrix as UV-Protective
Authors: Wulandari W , Ermawati D E , Yugatama A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
World Health Organization in 2015, estimated the case of non-melanoma cancer increasing due to the depletion of the ozone layer. The case of skin cancer in Indonesia reaches 6-8%, so the skin needs effective protection. ZnO is a sunscreen with SPF [Sun Protecting Factor] value of 50 and sun exposure reduction to the skin, especially UV A [320-400 nm] and UV B [290-320 nm]. ZnO is difficult to dissolve in water and hard to dispersed in the hydrogel matrix, so that it is formulated a nanoemulsion preparation into SNEDDS. SNEDDS consists of olive oil, tween 80 [surfactant], and propylene glycol [cosurfactant]. Optimization of the SNEDDS ZnO with the D-Optimal method was using Design Expert Software producing 16 formulas that tested for physical stability response including transmittance values [%] and pH values. The formula that has the highest response value with the desirability value approaching one was the optimum formula, then analyzed done with PSA. The optimum SNEDDS ZnO was dispersed in the hydrogel matrix of carbopol, thentest included pH, viscosity, dispersion and SPF value. The optimization shows that the optimum composition of olive oil : tween 80 : propylene glycol of 1:9:1. The result of t-test of SNEDDS ZnO optimum formula were not significantly different (p-value> 0, 05) with Design Expert prediction. Optimum formula can load 2 mg ZnO with transmitance value is 92%, SPF value 26, PSA 150 nm, and polydispers size of droplets.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of sesquiterpene Ar- Turmerone from Curcuma soloensis Val. rhizomes
Authors: Marliyana S D , Wibowo F R , Wartono M W , Munasah G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Curcuma soloensis Val. is a family plant Zingiberaceae and is known as “temu glenyeh”. This plant has potential as a medicinal plant but has not been widely reported about its bioactivities. One of them was antibacterial activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ar-turmerone, a sesquiterpenoid which was successfully isolated from Curcuma soloensis Val. rizhomes. Antibacterial test was carried out by using disc diffusion method and evaluated against four bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13883, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The result showed that ar-turmerone was not active against all of these bacteria.
Synthesis of silica from rice husk as cement substitution for high strength concrete
Authors: Dhaneswara D , Fatriansyah J F , Kusumawardhani D P , Khairunnisa S A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the effect of adding the rice husk ash (RHA) from mechano-chemical process as cement replacement for concrete. Mechano-chemical process was carried out using planetary ball mill with the rational speed at 22 rpm for 15 minutes and adding the 1M Hydrochloric Acid. This process aims to reduce the particle size of RHA. RHA will be used as cement replacement material with the composition that will be displayed in this study. concrete was made on 10 x 10 cm cube mold and a compressive strength test was carried out after 28 days curing. Beside RHA, in this study silica fused is used as cement replacement material. Concrete with the addition of RHA from mechano-chemical process has higher compressive strength than concrete with addition of silica fused.
Effects of Martempering Heat Treatment on Corrosion Rate in 1.5Ni Laterite Steel
Authors: Herbirowo S , Aryanto D , Indharto A L , Saefuloh I , Adjiantoro B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Laterite steel is commonly used for applications in the industrial worldwide. The behavior of this characteristics of laterite steel can be repaired in various ways, one of them by special heat treatment. This research aims to determine the value of corrosion rates, hardness, and transformation in microstructure that occur in laterite steel contain 1.564% Ni after heat treatment. Heat treatment carried out is austenizing at 950 ºC and then quenching water; oil and normalizing in the air. And also tempering temperature variations 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C. Tests carried out were CMS 100 corrosion test which is 3.5% NaCl solution media, hardness testing with Vickers scale, and metallographic testing using an optical microscope. The results obtained showed that a microstructure transformation in 1.564% Ni laterite steel after HT consisted of martensite, ferrite, pearlite, residual austenite, and bainite. The lowest value of corrosion rate obtained in the sample normalizing 300°C tempering air and the highest in raw material. Whereas the highest hardness value was obtained 459.7 HV in the non-tempered water quenching sample.
Magnesium removal from brine water with low lithium grade using limestone, rembang, indonesia
Authors: Lalasari L H , Fatahillah F R , Rahmat D R G , Tarmizi E , Rhamdani A R , Sulistiyono E , Andriyah L , Arini T , Natasha N C , Firdiyono F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Experiments have been carried out to remove magnesium ions from brine water using limestone, Rembang, Indonesia. The aim of the study was to produce brine water concentrates that were rich in lithium and did not contain magnesium elements. Brine water used has the following chemical composition: 74.67 ppm Li; 877.891 ppm Na; 1549.81 ppm K; 147.23 ppm Mg; 38.49 ppm Ca and others. The initial stages were 200 g of natural lime calcined at 900 °C for 3 hours using a furnace as a precipitation agent. It is then added to 1000 ml of brine water with a variation of 0.336 g, 1 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g, 50 g by stirring for 3 hours at atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the magnesium removal from brine water began to be seen in the addition of roasted limestone of 1 g with the dominant phase as Mg0.03Ca0.97CO3 in the precipitated residue. On the addition of 10 g and 20 g of roasted limestone into brine water, the percentage of magnesium removal was almost maximum of 98.8% and 99.8% with the precipitated residues as Mg(OH)2 phases. This experiment was successful to remove magnesium from brine water so that the lithium concentration of brine water increased to 104.32 ppm Li and 105.86 ppm Li with the addition of roasted limestone of 10 g and 20 g, respectively. These results indicate that the use of roasted limestone to eliminate magnesium from brine water with low lithium grade is recommended.
Alginate-chitosan hydrogel as controlled release of NPK macronutrient
Authors: Suratman A , Oktaviani A D , Aprilita N H , Wibowo A H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Alginate-chitosan hydrogel as controlled release of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK) macronutrient has been studied. Variations of alginate and chitosan mass, N; P and K concentration, pH solution, swelling ratio and mass ratio of alginate and chitosan were optimized. Hydrogel was prepared by mixing alginate, chitosan and CaCl2 as a cross linker in the water media. Hydrogel product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). N; P; and K release were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result showed that addition of chitosan in the hydrogel caused a decrease of swelling ratio hydrogel and a decrease of N; P and K release. The release of N; P and K was affected by N; P and K concentration and pH solution. The higher N; P and K concentrations and lower pH solution caused an increase of release rate of N; P and K. The mechanism of N; P and K release from the alginate-chitosan hydrogel followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The ratio of alginate and chitosan in the hydrogel also affected to the the release rate of N; P and K.
The Role of Magnesium(II) Salt Precursor in Controlling the Structure of Coordination Polymers based on Magnesium(II) and benzene 1, 3, 5-tricarboxylic acid
Authors: Lestari W W , Tedra R A , Novita T H , Sakinah  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Synthesis of coordination polymers based on magnesium(II) and benzene 1, 3, 5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) with two different types of magnesium(II) salts precursors, namely MgCl2·6H2O and Mg(OAc)2·4H2O in ethanol under solvothermal condition was successfully carried out. The synthesized materials were characterized by several methods such as X-Ray Diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesis results showed that the crystallization of the materials was highly influenced by the type of metal ion precursor Mg(II), in this case the anion. XRD analysis revealed that the use of MgCl2·6H2O salt tend to produce a coordination polymer [Mg3(BTC)2 (H2O)12] which called also as National Institute of Chemistry Slovenia-4 (NICS-4, CCDC 768993) with a 1-dimensional structure, while the use of Mg(OAc)2·4H2O salt produced 3-dimensional coordination polymer [Mg3(BTC)2] or well known as National Institute of Chemistry Slovenia-6 (NICS-6, CCDC 768995). NICS-4 and NICS-6 have thermal stability up to 530 ºC and 542 ºC based on the thermogravimetric analysis. A significant shift from absorption peak at 1721 to 1622 dan 1628 cm−1 correspond to the deprotonation of trimesic acid and coordinated to the Mg2+ cation. The coordination of Mg2+ with H2O molecules in NICS-4 is indicated by the presence of broad absorption peak at 3472 cm−1 which was not found in NICS-6. After exposed to the air, the structural dimension of NICS-6 could change due to the coordination with water molecules. SEM image exhibited that NICS-4 has flat-needle-like morphology with an average particle size of 12.42 ± 0.78μm, while NICS-6 has a hollow spherical morphology with an average particle size of 63.21 ± 0.12 μm.
Performance Comparison of Modified AODV-ETX with AODV and AODV-ETX Routing Protocol in an MANET
Authors: Purnomo A , Widyawan  , Najib W , Hartono R , Hartatik  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Expected Transmission Count (ETX) is one of the many metrics developed in the ad hoc routing protocol. Most research, studied on modified AODV-ETX by varying the value of MY ROUTE TIMEOUT (MRT) and ACTIVE ROUTE TIMEOUT (ART) values in the RREQ and RREP packet headers. Those studies resulted the optimum value of MRT and ART was 80 seconds. These results has not shown optimal performance of AODV and AODV-ETX. This paper discusses performance comparison of modified AODV-ETX with AODV and AODV-ETX on MANET. The result is that the throughput on the modified AODV-ETX has increases 5.72 %, PDR increases 5.80 %, 4.31 % overhead reduction, 10.19 % increase on end to end delay, and 3.09 % increase on route discovery process.