bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis and granulomatous arteritis in the setting of PD‐1 inhibitor therapy for metastatic melanoma
Authors: Singh Parmvir , Wolfe Scott P. , Alloo Allireza , Gottesman Silvija P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCheckpoint inhibition has become an important target in the management of malignant melanoma. As anti‐CTLA4 inhibitors and anti‐PD1 antibodies are increasingly utilized, reports of immune‐related adverse events (IRAEs) are becoming more frequent. Common noted cutaneous IRAEs are morbilliform, lichenoid, bullous, granulomatous, psoriasiform, and eczematous eruptions. We report a case of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis and granulomatous arteritis in the setting of nivolumab (anti‐PD1) monotherapy for metastatic melanoma. There are many different causes for granulomatous vasculitis, such as herpes virus infection, lymphoproliferative disorders, systemic vasculitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. This report adds to the growing literature on granulomatous IRAEs due to checkpoint inhibition.
Echocardiographic and pathomorphological features in fetuses with ductal‐dependent congenital heart diseases
Authors: Jiang Huan , Tang Qi , Jiang Yan , Li Ningshan , Tang Xuefeng , Xia Hongmei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo individually analyze echocardiographic features in fetuses with ductal‐dependent congenital heart diseases (DDCHD) and to verify the anatomical characteristics corresponding to the echocardiogram scan views.BackgroundDuctal‐dependent congenital heart diseases depends on the ductus arteriosus (DA) remaining open to maintain suitable pulmonary or systemic circulation after birth. An accurate diagnosis using prenatal echocardiography has important clinical significance in evaluating disease prognosis and ensuring timely treatment.MethodsFetuses were followed in the prenatal and postpartum periods via echocardiography. The results of postpartum echocardiography or autopsy specimens were compared with the prenatal echocardiography findings.ResultsOne hundred and eight fetuses displayed various types of DDCHD including 66 fetuses with ductal‐dependent pulmonary circulation, and 42 fetuses with ductal‐dependent systemic circulation. Prenatal echocardiography revealed the typical characteristics of no forward flow signal from right ventricular outflow tract to the pulmonary trunk proximally and a reverse flow in the DA in most fetuses for ductal‐dependent pulmonary circulation, a reverse flow in the transverse aortic arch for aorta atresia, and a loss of continuity between aortic arch and descending aorta for interruption of the aortic arch (IAA). All 108 fetuses displayed various types of complex CHD, including right ventricular dysplasia with pulmonary atresia (PA), severe Ebstein anomaly, double outlet right ventricle with PA, tetralogy of fallot with PA, single ventricle with PA or aorta atresia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and IAA.ConclusionsThe identification of reverse flow in the aortic arch or DA aids in the subsequent accurate diagnosis of DDCHD associated with complex malformation of the heart.
Smartphones: The new risk factor for traumatic dental and facial injuries in children
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Mathur Vijay P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTraumatic dental injuries (TDI) have emerged as a significant global public health concern. One major problem which is developing and yet unreported is the incidence of traumatic dental injuries and soft tissue facial trauma due to the inadvertent falling of smartphones on to the face during their use in rest time. This is related to the weight of the smartphones and their excessive use in all parts of the world. This paper aims to highlight this phenomenon as an emerging aetiological factor for dental and facial injuries in children.
Dispersal of a carabid beetle in farmland is driven by habitat‐specific motility and preference at habitat interfaces
Authors: Allema Bas , Hemerik Lia , Rossing Walter A.H. , Groot Jeroen C.J. , van Lenteren Joop C. , van der Werf Wopke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCarabid beetles are common predators of pest insects and weed seeds in agricultural systems. Understanding their dispersal across farmland is important for designing farms and landscapes that support pest and weed biological control. Little is known, however, about the effect of farmland habitat discontinuities on dispersal behaviour and the resulting redistribution of these beetles. We released 1,985 well‐fed and 1,680 food‐deprived individuals of the predatory carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on a farm in Wageningen, The Netherlands. We recaptured 23.6% of those beetles over a period of 23 days in 2010. The farmland comprised agricultural fields with various crop species and tillage, separated by strips of perennial vegetation. We developed discrete Fokker‐Planck diffusion models to describe dispersal based on motility (m2 day−1) and preferential behaviour at habitat interfaces. We used model selection and Akaike’s information criterion to determine whether movement patterns were driven by variation in motility between habitats, preferential behaviour at habitat interfaces, or both. Model selection revealed differences in motility among habitats and gave strong support for preferential behaviour at habitat interfaces. Behaviour at interfaces between crop and perennial vegetation was asymmetric, with beetles preferentially moving towards the crop. Furthermore, beetles had lower motility in perennial strips than in arable fields. Also between arable habitats movement was asymmetric, with beetles preferentially moving towards the habitat in which motility was lowest. Neither crop type nor tillage explained differences in motility between crop habitats. Recapture data representing dispersal patterns of beetles were best described by a model that accounted for differences in motility between farmland habitats and preferential behaviour at habitat interfaces. Motility in farmland and behaviour at interfaces can also be estimated for other organisms and farmland habitats to support design of farmland conducive to natural pest suppression. Landscape design for early recruitment of carabids into arable fields should take into account the quantity and quality of resource habitats in the landscape, their proximity to crop fields, movement rates, and the possibility of movement responses at interfaces between landscape elements.
Urbanicity: The need for new avenues to explore the link between urban living and psychosis
Authors: Abrahamyan Empson Lilith , Baumann Philipp S. , Söderström Ola , Codeluppi Zoé , Söderström Dag , Conus Philippe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimA growing body of evidence suggests that urban living contributes to the development of psychosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. This paper aims to explore the best available knowledge on the matter, identify research gaps and outline future prospects for research strategies.MethodA comprehensive literature survey on the main computerized medical research databases, with a time limit up to August 2017 on the issue of urbanicity and psychosis has been conducted.ResultsThe impact of urbanicity may result from a wide range of factors (from urban material features to stressful impact of social life) leading to “urban stress.” The latter may link urban upbringing to the development of psychosis through overlapping neuro‐ and socio‐developmental pathways, possibly unified by dopaminergic hyperactivity in mesocorticolimbic system. However, “urban stress” is poorly defined and research based on patients' experience of the urban environment is scarce.ConclusionsDespite accumulated data, the majority of studies conducted so far failed to explain how specific factors of urban environment combine in patients' daily life to create protective or disruptive milieus. This undermines the translation of a vast epidemiological knowledge into effective therapeutic and urbanistic developments. New studies on urbanicity should therefore be more interdisciplinary, bridging knowledge from different disciplines (psychiatry, epidemiology, human geography, urbanism, etc.) in order to enrich research methods, ensure the development of effective treatment and preventive strategies as well as create urban environments that will contribute to mental well‐being.
Biological markers of hemostasis and endothelial activation in patients with a hematological malignancy with or without stem cell transplants
Authors: Buser Tobias Andreas , Martinez Maria , Drexler Beatrice , Tschan‐Plessl Astrid , Heim Dominik , Passweg Jakob , Tsakiris Dimitrios A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn this study, we analyzed the changes of thrombin generation as marker of coagulation activation and von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels as a marker of endothelial activation in patients undergoing chemotherapy, autologous, or allogeneic HSCT. We studied possible associations to triggering factors, including acute GVHD, thrombosis, time to engraftment, and bleeding complications.MethodsSeventy‐six patients treated for hematologic malignancies at the University Hospital Basel between 2005 and 2008 took part in this study. Blood samples were collected before the start of chemotherapy or conditioning regime (median day −2), in an early phase (median day + 12), and at a later point in time (median day + 24).ResultsThrombin generation decreased in all three groups to about 50% of the initial value. Patients undergoing autologous or allogeneic HSCT showed significantly (P = .026 and P = .01) higher vWF levels than patients undergoing chemotherapy. Eighteen patients (42%) receiving allogeneic HSCT developed GVHD, vWF levels in patients with GVHD were significantly (P = .008) higher than in patients without GVHD.DiscussionPatients receiving autologous or allogeneic HSCT had significantly higher vWF levels in the acute phase after the transplant than patients receiving chemotherapy alone, implicating a persistent stimulation of the endothelium, possibly within the context of GVHD.
Predation risk influences food‐web structure by constraining species diet choice
Authors: Ho Hsi‐Cheng , Tylianakis Jason M. , Zheng Jonathan X. , Pawar Samraat 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe foraging behaviour of species determines their diet and, therefore, also emergent food‐web structure. Optimal foraging theory (OFT) has previously been applied to understand the emergence of food‐web structure through a consumer‐centric consideration of diet choice. However, the resource‐centric viewpoint, where species adjust their behaviour to reduce the risk of predation, has not been considered. We develop a mechanistic model that merges metabolic theory with OFT to incorporate the effect of predation risk on diet choice to assemble food webs. This ‘predation‐risk‐compromise’ (PR) model better captures the nestedness and modularity of empirical food webs relative to the classical optimal foraging model. Specifically, compared with optimal foraging alone, risk‐mitigated foraging leads to more‐nested but less‐modular webs by broadening the diet of consumers at intermediate trophic levels. Thus, predation risk significantly affects food‐web structure by constraining species’ ability to forage optimally, and needs to be considered in future work.
Consistency in boldness expression varies with ecological context in a jumping spider
Authors: Chang Chia‐chen , Klomp Danielle A. , Norma‐Rashid Yusoff , Li Daiqin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnimals can adjust their behaviours depending on ecological context (i.e., behavioural plasticity), and an individual's response to a given context may also vary from occasion to occasion (intra‐individual variability). Recognizing the roles of both behavioural plasticity and intra‐individual variability is important in understanding how behavioural diversity is maintained within populations. However, how the ecological context itself influences the individual behavioural response and intra‐individual variability (e.g., how variable an individual is in their behavioural expression) remains largely unexplored. Here, we examine boldness expression (the duration of startle response) in a specialised spider‐eating jumping spider, Portia labiata, across three contexts following a mild disturbance: presence of a conspecific intruder (most dangerous), environmental change but no conspecific intruder, and no conspecific intruder or environmental change (safest). We found that context does not significantly influence the average boldness expression at the population level. However, each individual responded to each context differently, and the repeatability of boldness expression—the proportion of behavioural variation attributable to the between ‐individual level—is context‐dependent. We also found that in the presence of a conspecific intruder, spiders behave less predictably than in the environmental change context, but not differently from the safest context. These findings may suggest that the presence of conspecifics influences behavioural consistency in individuals, but that this may occur without influencing the population average behaviour.
Evaluating the suitability of an English saddle for a horse and rider combination
Authors: Bondi A. , Norton S. , Pearman L. , Dyson S. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryCorrect saddle‐fit for horse and rider is crucial for optimal comfort and performance. Poor saddle‐fit is a frequent contributor to suboptimal performance but is often overlooked. The most common problems are incorrect tree width, the saddle positioned too close to the scapulae thus compromising forelimb movement, a pommel with inadequate clearance at the withers or a gullet which is effectively made too small by excessive padding under the saddle. The saddle provides the interface between the rider and the horse's thoracolumbar region. A rider that is too large for the saddle, out of balance or crooked will result in uneven force distribution under the saddle. Thus, rider position and stability in the saddle are also of vital importance for optimal performance. The assessment of saddle‐fit for horse and rider is considered an integral part of poor performance evaluation.
Invasive plants negatively impact native, but not exotic, animals
Authors: Fletcher Rebecca A. , Brooks Rachel K. , Lakoba Vasiliy T. , Sharma Gourav , Heminger Ariel R. , Dickinson Christopher C. , Barney Jacob N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite our growing understanding of the impacts of invasive plants on ecosystem structure and function, important gaps remain, including whether native and exotic species respond differently to plant invasion. This would elucidate basic ecological interactions and inform management. We performed a meta‐analytic review of the effects of invasive plants on native and exotic resident animals. We found that invasive plants reduced the abundance of native, but not exotic, animals. This varied by animal phyla, with invasive plants reducing the abundance of native annelids and chordates, but not mollusks or arthropods. We found dissimilar impacts among “wet” and “dry” ecosystems, but not among animal trophic levels. Additionally, the impact of invasive plants increased over time, but this did not vary with animal nativity. Our review found that no studies considered resident nativity differences, and most did not identify animals to species. We call for more rigorous studies of invaded community impacts across taxa, and most importantly, explicit consideration of resident biogeographic origin. We provide an important first insight into how native and exotic species respond differently to invasion, the consequences of which may facilitate cascading trophic disruptions further exacerbating global change consequences to ecosystem structure and function.
International review of national‐level guidelines on end‐of‐life care with focus on the withholding and withdrawing of artificial nutrition and hydration
Authors: Mayers Thomas , Kashiwagi Shiho , Mathis Bryan J. , Kawabe Makiko , Gallagher Joshua , Morales Aliaga Maria L. , Kai Ichiro , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: August 2019

AimThe purpose of the present study was to collate examples of end‐of‐life care guidelines from various counties, examine their contents, and gain an overall picture of how end‐of‐life care guidance is offered to physicians and care providers internationally.MethodsIn this study, eight researchers worked independently to source and examine national‐level end‐of‐life care guidelines from different countries and regions. Data collected by each researcher were gathered into a unified table. The items in the table included basic information (publisher, year, URL etc.) and more specific items, such as the presence/absence of legal information and family's role in decision‐making. These data were then used to identify trends, and examine the mechanics and delivery of guidance on this topic.ResultsA total of 54 guidelines were included in the study. All the guidelines were published between 2000 and 2016, and 60% (n = 33) were published after 2012. The length of the guidelines varied from two to 487 pages (median 38 pages), and had different target audiences – both lay and professional. A total of 38 (70%) of the guidelines included information about the relevant laws and legal issues, 47 (87%) offered advice on withholding and withdrawing treatment, 46 (85%) discussed the family's role in decision‐making and 46 (85%) emphasized the teamwork aspect of care.ConclusionsThe present findings show that end‐of‐life care guidelines are generally made reactively in response to the trend toward patient‐centered care, and that to create effective guidelines and implement them requires multilevel cooperation between governmental bodies, healthcare teams, and patients and their families. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 847–853.
Social Relays of China’s Power Projection? Overseas Chinese Collective Actions for Security in France
Authors: Tran Émilie , Chuang Ya‐Han 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOnce known as a silent and even a model minority, hardworking and keeping a low profile, the Chinese community in Paris, one of the largest Chinese diasporic population in Europe, has organized several massive demonstrations since 2010 to demand police protection amid mounting security concerns. Based on qualitative methods combining ethnographic research, media analysis, observation of the collective actions, and interviews of key actors involved, this article analyses the evolution of these mobilizations and their aftermath, on a span of eight years from June 2010 to July 2018, aiming to comprehend the role of China’s influence diplomacy in regard to the actions of overseas Chinese for security. There hasn’t been any study on the role that overseas Chinese might play in China’s foreign policy towards Europe.
Implementation of a primary care physician‐led Cavity Clinic using silver diamine fluoride
Authors: Bernstein Rebecca S. , Johnston Bryan , Mackay Katherine , Sanders James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesEarly childhood caries (ECC) disproportionately affects lower socioeconomic status households. In this article, we describe a novel intervention utilizing physician‐applied silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in a primary care “Cavity Clinic.”MethodsBuilding on literature review and expert consultation, Cavity Clinic using SDF for children without dentists was implemented in a family medicine residency setting. Process outcomes were evaluated through chart review and structured field notes.ResultsFrom December 2017 to December 2018, 30 patients have been treated. Their average age is 5.5 years (2–9), 82 percent are African American, and all are insured by Medicaid. Most have severe ECC. Thirty‐eight percent have successfully established dental homes through participation.ConclusionsIt is feasible and acceptable for physicians to treat ECC with SDF in a primary care setting. Partnership with an on‐site hygienist is helpful but physician‐only sessions were still beneficial. This strategy holds potential for addressing the epidemic of ECC.
Correlation betweenl‐lactate and glucose concentrations and body condition score in healthy horses and ponies
Authors: Dunkel Bettina , Knowles Edward J. , Chang Yu‐Mei , Menzies‐Gow Nicola J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundBloodl‐lactate and glucose concentrations were higher in ponies with gastrointestinal disease than in horses, possibly because of differences in body condition (BC).ObjectivesTo investigate whetherl‐lactate and glucose concentrations correlate with BC and differ between healthy horses and ponies.AnimalsSystemically healthy client‐owned ponies (n = 101) and horses (n = 51).MethodsProspective observational study. Breed, weight, height, and subjective and objective measures of BC were recorded andl‐lactate and glucose concentrations were measured. Correlations betweenl‐lactate and glucose concentrations and BC were established. The association betweenl‐lactate concentrations, equid type (pony or horse), BC, age, and glucose concentrations was investigated using a multivariable model.ResultsWeak but significant (P= .001) negative correlations were detected betweenl‐lactate concentration and average BC score (r= −0.29), heart girth:height ratio (r= −0.27), and age (r= −0.27). Glucose concentrations were significantly (P < .001) positively correlated with neck length:heart girth ratio (r= 0.37) and heart girth:height ratio (r= 0.31).l‐lactate and glucose concentrations were weakly correlated (r= 0.15;P= .04). In the final multivariable model, age (−0.02 ± 0.006;P= .001) and heart girth:height ratio (−1.74 ± 0.53;P= .001) were significantly associated with the natural logarithm ofl‐lactate concentration (Lnl‐Lactate). This represents a 2% decrease inl‐lactate concentration per year increase in age and 10% decrease inl‐lactate concentration per 0.06 unit increase in heart girth:height ratio.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn healthy horses and ponies, age and BC significantly influencel‐lactate concentrations.
Mirabegron causes vesical and urethral relaxation in rats with spinal cord injury
Authors: Sugaya Kimio , Nishijima Saori , Kadekawa Katsumi , Noguchi Katsuhiko , Ueda Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Hideyuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effects of solifenacin and mirabegron on vesical and urethral function were compared in rats with or without spinal cord injury (SCI). Isovolumetric cystometry and urethral pressure recording were initially performed in intact rats. Then, the bladder neck was ligated under urethane anesthesia, after which a catheter was inserted through the bladder dome for isovolumetric cystometry and another catheter was inserted into the urethra to measure urethral pressure. Solifenacin (0.03–3 mg/kg) or mirabegron (0.03–3 mg/kg) was injected intravenously, and bladder and urethral activity were recorded. To create rats with SCI, the spinal cord was transected at the lower thoracic level under isoflurane anesthesia. After 2 weeks, a catheter was inserted through the bladder dome for single cystometry and bladder activity was recorded without anesthesia following intravenous injection of solifenacin or mirabegron. Isovolumetric cystometry revealed a larger decrease in maximum bladder contraction pressure after injection of solifenacin, whereas prolongation of the interval between bladder contractions was greater with mirabegron. In SCI rats, single cystometry showed that solifenacin and mirabegron both increased bladder volume at the first non‐voiding bladder contraction and decreased the maximum bladder contraction pressure. Mirabegron also increased the voided volume and decreased the percentage residual volume without altering bladder capacity. Solifenacin and mirabegron both inhibited bladder contractility, and mirabegron possibly also induced urethral relaxation. Mirabegron may be suitable for patients with overactive bladder and residual urine.