bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft Coulomb gap and asymmetric scaling towards metal-insulator quantum criticality in multilayer MoS2
Authors: Moon Byoung Hee , Bae Jung Jun , Joo Min-Kyu , Choi Homin , Han Gang Hee , Lim Hanjo , Lee Young Hee 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantum localization–delocalization of carriers are well described by either carrier–carrier interaction or disorder. When both effects come into play, however, a comprehensive understanding is not well established mainly due to complexity and sparse experimental data. Recently developed two-dimensional layered materials are ideal in describing such mesoscopic critical phenomena as they have both strong interactions and disorder. The transport in the insulating phase is well described by the soft Coulomb gap picture, which demonstrates the contribution of both interactions and disorder. Using this picture, we demonstrate the critical power law behavior of the localization length, supporting quantum criticality. We observe asymmetric critical exponents around the metal-insulator transition through temperature scaling analysis, which originates from poor screening in insulating regime and conversely strong screening in metallic regime due to free carriers. The effect of asymmetric scaling behavior is weakened in monolayer MoS2 due to a dominating disorder.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals genomic signatures associated with the inflammatory microenvironments in Chinese NSCLC patients
Authors: Wang Cheng , Yin Rong , Dai Juncheng , Gu Yayun , Cui Shaohua , Ma Hongxia , Zhang Zhihong , Huang Jiaqi , Qin Na , Jiang Tao , Geng Liguo , Zhu Meng , Pu Zhening , Du Fangzhi , Wang Yuzhuo , Yang Jianshui , Chen Liang , Wang Qianghu , Jiang Yue , Dong Lili , Yao Yihong , Jin Guangfu , Hu Zhibin , Jiang Liyan , Xu Lin , Shen Hongbing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChinese lung cancer patients have distinct epidemiologic and genomic features, highlighting the presence of specific etiologic mechanisms other than smoking. Here, we present a comprehensive genomic landscape of 149 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases and identify 15 potential driver genes. We reveal that Chinese patients are specially characterized by not only highly clustered EGFR mutations but a mutational signature (MS3, 33.7%), that is associated with inflammatory tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (P = 0.001). The EGFR mutation rate is significantly increased with the proportion of the MS3 signature (P = 9.37 × 10−5). TCGA data confirm that the infiltrating B lymphocyte abundance is significantly higher in the EGFR-mutated patients (P = 0.007). Additionally, MS3-high patients carry a higher contribution of distant chromosomal rearrangements >1 Mb (P = 1.35 × 10−7), some of which result in fusions involving genes with important functions (i.e., ALK and RET). Thus, inflammatory infiltration may contribute to the accumulation of EGFR mutations, especially in never-smokers.
Author Correction: Small-molecule TFEB pathway agonists that ameliorate metabolic syndrome in mice and extend C. elegans lifespan
Authors: Wang Chensu , Niederstrasser Hanspeter , Douglas Peter M. , Lin Rueyling , Jaramillo Juan , Li Yang , Oswald Nathaniel W. , Zhou Anwu , McMillan Elizabeth A. , Mendiratta Saurabh , Wang Zhaohui , Zhao Tian , Lin Zhiqaing , Luo Min , Huang Gang , Brekken Rolf A. , Posner Bruce A. , MacMillan John B. , Gao Jinming , White Michael A. 
Published: May 2018

The originally published version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Nathaniel W. Oswald, which was incorrectly given as Nathaniel W. Olswald. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Mitigation of severe urban haze pollution by a precision air pollution control approach
Authors: Yu Shaocai , Li Pengfei , Wang Liqiang , Wu Yujie , Wang Si , Liu Kai , Zhu Tong , Zhang Yuanhang , Hu Min , Zeng Liming , Zhang Xiaoye , Cao Junji , Alapaty Kiran , Wong David C. , Pleim Jon , Mathur Rohit , Rosenfeld Daniel , Seinfeld John H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSevere and persistent haze pollution involving fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations reaching unprecedentedly high levels across many cities in China poses a serious threat to human health. Although mandatory temporary cessation of most urban and surrounding emission sources is an effective, but costly, short-term measure to abate air pollution, development of long-term crisis response measures remains a challenge, especially for curbing severe urban haze events on a regular basis. Here we introduce and evaluate a novel precision air pollution control approach (PAPCA) to mitigate severe urban haze events. The approach involves combining predictions of high PM2.5 concentrations, with a hybrid trajectory-receptor model and a comprehensive 3-D atmospheric model, to pinpoint the origins of emissions leading to such events and to optimize emission controls. Results of the PAPCA application to five severe haze episodes in major urban areas in China suggest that this strategy has the potential to significantly mitigate severe urban haze by decreasing PM2.5 peak concentrations by more than 60% from above 300 μg m−3 to below 100 μg m−3, while requiring ~30% to 70% less emission controls as compared to complete emission reductions. The PAPCA strategy has the potential to tackle effectively severe urban haze pollution events with economic efficiency.
Adaptive Group-combined P-values Test for Two-sample Location Problem with Applications to Microarray Data
Authors: Zhang Shenghu , Zhu Jiayan , Li Zhengbang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to propose a test for two-sample location problem in high-dimensional data. In general highdimensional case, the data dimension can be much larger than the sample size and the underlying distribution may be far from normal. Existing tests requiring explicit relationship between the data dimension and sample size or designed for multivariate normal distributions may lose power significantly and even yield type I error rates strayed from nominal levels. To overcome this issue, we propose an adaptive group p-values combination test which is robust against both high dimensionality and normality. Simulation studies show that the proposed test controls type I error rates correctly and outperforms some existing tests in most situations. An Ageing Human Brain Microarray data are used to further exemplify the method.
Robustness of STDP to spike timing jitter
Authors: Cui Yihui , Prokin Ilya , Mendes Alexandre , Berry Hugues , Venance Laurent 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn Hebbian plasticity, neural circuits adjust their synaptic weights depending on patterned firing. Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a synaptic Hebbian learning rule, relies on the order and timing of the paired activities in pre- and postsynaptic neurons. Classically, in ex vivo experiments, STDP is assessed with deterministic (constant) spike timings and time intervals between successive pairings, thus exhibiting a regularity that differs from biological variability. Hence, STDP emergence from noisy inputs as occurring in in vivo-like firing remains unresolved. Here, we used noisy STDP pairings where the spike timing and/or interval between pairings were jittered. We explored with electrophysiology and mathematical modeling, the impact of jitter on three forms of STDP at corticostriatal synapses: NMDAR-LTP, endocannabinoid-LTD and endocannabinoid-LTP. We found that NMDAR-LTP was highly fragile to jitter, whereas endocannabinoid-plasticity appeared more resistant. When the frequency or number of pairings was increased, NMDAR-LTP became more robust and could be expressed despite strong jittering. Our results identify endocannabinoid-plasticity as a robust form of STDP, whereas the sensitivity to jitter of NMDAR-LTP varies with activity frequency. This provides new insights into the mechanisms at play during the different phases of learning and memory and the emergence of Hebbian plasticity in in vivo-like activity.
Enhanced ZnR/GPR39 Activity in Breast Cancer, an Alternative Trigger of Signaling Leading to Cell Growth
Authors: Ventura-Bixenshpaner Hila , Asraf Hila , Chakraborty Moumita , Elkabets Moshe , Sekler Israel , Taylor Kathryn M. , Hershfinkel Michal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAcquired resistance to the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist tamoxifen, is a major obstacle in treatment of breast cancer. Changes in Zn2+ accumulation and distribution are associated with tamoxifen-resistance and breast cancer progression. The Zn2+-sensing G-protein coupled receptor, ZnR/GPR39, triggers signaling leading to cell growth, but a role for this receptor in breast cancer in unknown. Using fluorescence imaging, we found Zn2+-dependent Ca2+ release, mediated by ZnR/GPR39 activity, in TAMR tamoxifen-resistant cells derived from MCF-7 cells, but not in ER-expressing MCF-7 or T47D cells. Furthermore, ZnR/GPR39 signaling was monitored in ER negative BT20, MDA-MB-453 and JIMT-1 cells. Expression of ZnR/GPR39 was increased in grade 3 human breast cancer biopsies compared to grade 2. Consistently, analysis of two breast cancer patient cohorts, GDS4057 and TCGA, indicated that in ER-negative tumors higher ZnR/GPR39 mRNA levels are associated with more aggressive tumors. Activation of ZnR/GPR39 in TAMR cells triggered MAPK, mTOR and PI3K signaling. Importantly, enhanced cell growth and invasiveness was observed in the ER negative breast cancer cells, TAMR, MDA-MB-453 and BT20 cells but not in the ER expressing MCF-7 cells. Thus, we suggest ZnR/GPR39 as a potential therapeutic target for combination treatment in breast cancer, particularly relevant in ER negative tumors.
Interfacial engineering of graphene for highly efficient blue and white organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Chen Shufen , Zhang Qin , Shang Wenjuan , Liu Lihui , Yu Hongtao , Zhang Shuai , Deng Lingling , Wang Min , Wang Minghao , Li Xue , Mi Baoxiu , Huang Wei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGraphene as anodes of flexible organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) has intrinsic drawbacks of a low work function and a high sheet resistance although it can eliminate the brittle feature of ITO. Chemical doping as a conventional approach is universally used to decrease the sheet resistance and adjust the work function of graphene electrodes, but it suffers from instability problems due to the volatility of chemical species. Here, an insulated poly(4-styrenesulphonate) (PSS) modification layer is firstly coated on the graphene surface along with improved air-stability and hole-injection ability via interfacial dipoles. Besides, the utilization of PSS is beneficial to reduce the leakage current of OLEDs. Then a gradient injection layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):PSS (PEDOT:PSS)/tetrafluoroethyleneperfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octenesulphonic acid copolymer-doped PEDOT:PSS is covered onto the PSS-modified graphene to further promote hole injection and improve carrier balance inside OLEDs. With above interfacial modification technique, very high efficiencies of 201.9 cd A−1 (76.1 lm W−1, 45.2%) and 326.5 cd A−1 (128.2 lm W−1, 99.5%) for blue and white emissions are obtained, which are comparable to the most efficient display and lighting technologies so far.
OCT-Angiography reveals reduced vessel density in the deep retinal plexus of CADASIL patients
Authors: Nelis Pieter , Kleffner Ilka , Burg Matthias C. , Clemens Christoph R. , Alnawaiseh Maged , Motte Jeremias , Marziniak Martin , Eter Nicole , Alten Florian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) represents the most recent tool in ophthalmic imaging. It allows for a non-invasive, depth-selective and quantitative visualization of blood flow in central retinal vessels and it has an enormous diagnostic potential not only in ophthalmology but also with regards to neurologic and systemic diseases. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary vascular small-vessel disease caused by Notch3 mutations and represents the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder. In this study, CADASIL patients prospectively underwent OCT-A imaging to evaluate retinal and choriocapillaris blood flow as well as blood flow at the optic nerve head. The vessel density of the macular region and the size of the foveal avascular zone in the superficial and deep retinal plexus were determined as well as the vessel density at the optic nerve head and in the choriocapillaris. Additionally, cerebral magnetic resonance images were evaluated. The main finding was that vessel density of the deep retinal plexus was significantly decreased in CADASIL patients compared to healthy controls which may reflect pericyte dysfunction in retinal capillaries.
Author Correction: Strong associations between chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes and the risk of urothelial and squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Wang Hongkun , Wang Ying , Kota Krishna K. , Sun Bing , Kallakury Bhaskar , Mikhail Nabiel N. , Sayed Douaa , Mokhtar Ahmed , Maximous Doaa , Yassin Etemad H. , Sun Scarlett X. , Chen Xiaofei , Loffredo Christopher A. , Zheng Yun-Ling 
Published: May 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Defects, Dopants and Lithium Mobility in Li
9
V
3
(P
2
O
7
)
3
(PO
4
)
2
Authors: Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Ganeshalingam Sashikesh , Chroneos Alexander 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLayered Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 has attracted considerable interest as a novel cathode material for potential use in rechargeable lithium batteries. The defect chemistry, doping behavior and lithium diffusion paths in Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 are investigated using atomistic scale simulations. Here we show that the activation energy for Li migration via the vacancy mechanism is 0.72 eV along the c-axis. Additionally, the most favourable intrinsic defect type is Li Frenkel (0.44 eV/defect) ensuring the formation of Li vacancies that are required for Li diffusion via the vacancy mechanism. The only other intrinsic defect mechanism that is close in energy is the formation of anti-site defect, in which Li and V ions exchange their positions (1.02 eV/defect) and this can play a role at higher temperatures. Considering the solution of tetravalent dopants it is calculated that they require considerable solution energies, however, the solution of GeO2 will reduce the activation energy of migration to 0.66 eV.
Linearly polarized photoluminescence of InGaN quantum disks embedded in GaN nanorods
Authors: Park Youngsin , Chan Christopher C. S. , Nuttall Luke , Puchtler Tim J. , Taylor Robert A. , Kim Nammee , Jo Yongcheol , Im Hyunsik 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe have investigated the emission from InGaN/GaN quantum disks grown on the tip of GaN nanorods. The emission at 3.21 eV from the InGaN quantum disk doesn’t show a Stark shift, and it is linearly polarized when excited perpendicular to the growth direction. The degree of linear polarization is about 39.3% due to the anisotropy of the nanostructures. In order to characterize a single nanostructure, the quantum disks were dispersed on a SiO2substrate patterned with a metal reference grid. By rotating the excitation polarization angle from parallel to perpendicular relative to the nanorods, the variation of overall PL for the 3.21 eV peak was recorded and it clearly showed the degree of linear polarization (DLP) of 51.5%.
Genome-wide association study of developmental dysplasia of the hip identifies an association with GDF5
Authors: Hatzikotoulas Konstantinos , Roposch Andreas ,   The DDH Case Control Consortium, Wainwright Andrew , Theologis Tim , Clarke Nicholas M. P. , Dwyer Jonathan S. M. , Hashemi-Nejad Aresh , Kiely Nigel , Katchburian Marcos , Nicolaou Nicolas , Page Johnathan , Gargan Martin , Bruce Colin , Sanghrajka Anish , Marshall Paul , Flowers Mark , Malaga-Shaw Olivia , Mitchell Piers , Ben Holroyd  , Ramachandran Manoj , Shah Karan M. , Clark Matthew J. , Bratherton Selina , Limbani Vasanti , Steinberg Julia , Zengini Eleni , Warsame Kaltuun , Ratnayake Madhushika , Tselepi Maria , Schwartzentruber Jeremy , Loughlin John , Eastwood Deborah M. , Zeggini Eleftheria , Wilkinson J. Mark 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common skeletal developmental disease. However, its genetic architecture is poorly understood. We conduct the largest DDH genome-wide association study to date and replicate our findings in independent cohorts. We find the heritable component of DDH attributable to common genetic variants to be 55% and distributed equally across the autosomal and X-chromosomes. We identify replicating evidence for association between GDF5 promoter variation and DDH (rs143384, effect allele A, odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.34–1.56, P = 3.55 × 10−22). Gene-based analysis implicates GDF5 (P = 9.24 × 10−12), UQCC1 (P = 1.86 × 10−10), MMP24 (P = 3.18 × 10−9), RETSAT (P = 3.70 × 10−8) and PDRG1 (P = 1.06 × 10−7) in DDH susceptibility. We find shared genetic architecture between DDH and hip osteoarthritis, but no predictive power of osteoarthritis polygenic risk score on DDH status, underscoring the complex nature of the two traits. We report a scalable, time-efficient recruitment strategy and establish for the first time to our knowledge a robust DDH genetic association locus at GDF5.
Latest developments in MUC1 immunotherapy
Authors: Taylor-Papadimitriou Joyce , Burchell Joy M. , Graham Rosalind , Beatson Richard 
Published: May 2018

Currently, there is renewed interest in attempting to recruit the host immune system to eliminate cancers, and within this renewed activity, MUC1 continues to arouse interest. MUC1 has been considered a possible therapeutic target for the past 30 years as it is up-regulated, aberrantly glycosylated and its polarization is lost in many adenocarcinomas. Moreover, MUC1 is expressed by some haematopoietic cancers, including acute myeloid leukaemia and myeloma. Although multiple clinical trials have been initiated and immune responses have been documented, effective clinical benefit worthy of approval for general application has not as yet been achieved. However, this does not appear to have quelled the interest in MUC1 as a therapeutic target, as shown by the increase in the number of MUC1-based clinical trials initiated in 2017 (Figure 1). As with all translational studies, incorporating new relevant research findings into therapeutic strategy is difficult. Decisions are made to commit to a specific strategy based on the information and data available when the trial is initiated. However, the time required for preclinical studies and early trials can render the founding concept not always appropriate for proceeding to a larger definitive trial. Here, we summarize the attempts made, to date, to bring MUC1 into the world of cancer immunotherapy and discuss how research findings regarding MUC1 structure and function together with expanded knowledge of its interactions with the tumour environment and immune effector cells could lead to improved therapeutic approaches.Figure 1.Number of MUC1-targeted trials initiated each year.
Effect of 4-Hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal on Platelet Function
Authors: Selley Michael L , McGuiness Julie A , Jenkin Lynn A , Bartlett Mark R , Ardlie Neville G 
Published: May 2018

Summary4-Hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal (HNE), an aldehyde end-product of lipid peroxidation, potentiated aggregation and increased thromboxane A2 formation in platelets challenged with ADP, thrombin or the ionophore A23187. These effects were observed at HNE concentrations in the range 10-100 μM. Platelet responses to collagen, epinephrine and arachidonic acid were not affected by PINE. Concentrations of HNE in excess of 100 pM inhibited platelet activation. HNE increased the release of 3H-arachidonic acid from prelabelled platelet phospholipids in response to thrombin or ADR It is proposed that HNE may play an important role in controlling platelet function by regulating the activity of phospholipase A2.
Clinical Experience with a Pasteurised Human Plasma Concentrate in Factor XIII Deficiency
Authors: Daly Helena M , Haddon M E 
Published: May 2018

SummaryA three-day-old infant presented with umbilical haemorrhage. Factor XIII deficiency was diagnosed. When one month old she commenced prophylactic injections of pasteurised factor XIII concentrate of human plasma origin. During two and a half years treatment there were no haemorrhagic episodes and factor XIII concentrate was well tolerated. Satisfactory post infusion factor XIII levels were achieved. Three transient elevations of aspartate transaminase occurred, the cause of which has not been established. There was no evidence of transmission of hepatitis or H.I.V. infection. A brother, born one year later, is also affected and commenced prophylactic therapy with the same factor XIII concentrate. Experience in these two infants suggests the product is efficacious.
Potentiation by Adrenaline of Ca2+ Influx and Mobilization in Stimulated Human Platelets: Dissociation from Thromboxane Generation and Aggregation
Authors: Powling M J , Hardisty R M 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn a medium containing 1 mM extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o), the prior addition of 0.5 pM adrenaline to quin 2-loaded human platelets increased both the rate and amplitude of the rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ (Ca2+i) in response to sub-threshold concentrations of thrombin and PAF and these effects were not prevented by blocking either fibrinogen binding and aggregation or cyclo-oxygenase. In the presence of 2 mM EGTA ([Ca2+o] >100 nM), the rate, but not the extent of rise of [Ca2+i] was enhanced by adrenaline, and this was also unaffected by blockade of cyclo-oxygenase. Addition of adrenaline 1 min after the other agonist in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+o resulted in aggregation without further elevation of [Ca2+i]. Adrenaline thus enhances both influx and intracellular mobilization of Ca2+ by a mechanism independent of both fibrinogen binding and thromboxane production, but these effects do not fully explain its potentiation of aggregation by other agonists
Monocytes of Patients Congenitally Deficient in Plasma Factor XIII Lack Factor XIII Subunit A Antigen and Transglutaminase Activity
Authors: Muszbek László , Ádány Roza , Kávai Mária , Boda Zoltán , Lopaciuk Stanislaw 
Published: May 2018

SummaryMonocytes isolated from patients with severe deficiency in plasma Factor XIII of blood coagulation (FXIII) were tested for FXIII antigen and transglutaminase activity. By immunoperoxi- dase method the patients’ monocytes, in contrast to normal controls, showed no reaction with a monospecific antibody against FXIII subunit ª.This result was confirmed by immuno- blotting technique, as well. In addition, tissue macrophages tested in one of the patients were also exempt of FXIII subunit ª antigen. The transglutaminase activity in FXIII deficient monocytes was below the limit of the detection of the dansylcadaverine incorporation assay. The results suggest that FXIII subunitªof monocytes/macrophages and its plasma and platelet counterparts are closely related or identical proteins and demonstrate that the transglutaminase activity in monocytes is of FXIII origin and tissue transglutaminase is present, if at all, only in insignificant amount.