bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic studies of all PIH proteins in zebrafish reveal their distinct roles in axonemal dynein assembly
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Oda Toshiyuki , Kikkawa Masahide , Takeda Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConstruction of motile cilia/flagella requires cytoplasmic preassembly of axonemal dyneins before transport into cilia. Axonemal dyneins have various subtypes, but the roles of each dynein subtype and their assembly processes remain elusive in vertebrates. The PIH protein family, consisting of four members, has been implicated in the assembly of different dynein subtypes, although evidence for this idea is sparse. Here, we established zebrafish mutants of all four PIH-protein genes:pih1d1,pih1d2,ktu, andtwister, and analyzed the structures of axonemal dyneins in mutant spermatozoa by cryo-electron tomography. Mutations caused the loss of specific dynein subtypes, which was correlated with abnormal sperm motility. We also found organ-specific compositions of dynein subtypes, which could explain the severe motility defects of mutant Kupffer’s vesicle cilia. Our data demonstrate that all vertebrate PIH proteins are differently required for cilia/flagella motions and the assembly of axonemal dyneins, assigning specific dynein subtypes to each PIH protein.
Conformational dynamics of Light-Harvesting Complex II in a native membrane environment
Authors: Azadi-Chegeni F. , Ward M.E. , Perin G. , Simionato D. , Morosinotto T. , Baldus M. , Pandit A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPhotosynthetic light-harvesting complexes of higher plants, moss and green algae can undergo dynamic conformational transitions, which have been correlated to their ability to adapt to fluctuations in the light environment. Herein, we demonstrate the application of solid-state NMR spectroscopy on native, heterogeneous thylakoid membranes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr) and on Cr Light-Harvesting Complex II (LHCII) in thylakoid lipid bilayers to detect LHCII conformational dynamics in its native membrane environment. We show that membrane-reconstituted LHCII contains selective sites that undergo fast, large-amplitude motions, including the phytol tails of two chlorophylls. Protein plasticity is also observed in the N-terminal stromal loop and in protein fragments facing the lumen, involving sites that stabilize the xanthophyll-cycle carotenoid violaxanthin and the two luteins. The results report on the intrinsic flexibility of LHCII pigment-protein complexes in a membrane environment, revealing putative sites for conformational switching. In thylakoid membranes, fast dynamics of protein and pigment sites is significantly reduced, which suggests that in their native organelle membranes, LHCII complexes are locked in specific conformational states.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEPhotosynthetic Light-Harvesting Complexes undergo dynamic conformational transitions that regulate the capacity of the light-harvesting antenna. We demonstrate the application of solid-state (ss)NMR spectroscopy to investigate the structural dynamics of LHCII, the most abundant LHC complex of plants and algae, in native membranes. Selective dynamic protein and pigment residues are identified that are putative sites for a conformational switch.
Precision weighting of cortical unsigned prediction errors is mediated by dopamine and benefits learning
Authors: Haarsma J. , Fletcher P.C. , Ziauddeen H. , Spencer T.J. , Diederen K.M.J. , Murray G.K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe predictive coding framework construes the brain as performing a specific form of hierarchical Bayesian inference. In this framework the precision of cortical unsigned prediction error (surprise) signals is proposed to play a key role in learning and decision-making, and to be controlled by dopamine. To test this hypothesis, we re-analysed an existing data-set from healthy individuals who received a dopamine agonist, antagonist or placebo and who performed an associative learning task under different levels of outcome precision. Computational reinforcement-learning modelling of behaviour provided support for precision-weighting of unsigned prediction errors. Functional MRI revealed coding of unsigned prediction errors relative to their precision in bilateral superior frontal gyri and dorsal anterior cingulate. Cortical precision-weighting was (i) perturbed by the dopamine antagonist sulpiride, and (ii) associated with task performance. These findings have important implications for understanding the role of dopamine in reinforcement learning and predictive coding in health and illness.
Enteral Activation of WR-2721 Mediates Radioprotection and Improved Survival from Lethal Fractionated Radiation
Authors: Molkentine Jessica M. , Fujimoto Tara N. , Horvath Thomas D. , Grossberg Aaron J. , Deorukhkar Amit , Samuel Errol L.G. , Chan Wai Kin , Lorenzi Philip L. , Dantzer Robert , Tour James M. , Mason Kathryn A. , Taniguchi Cullen M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnresectable pancreatic cancer is almost universally lethal because chemotherapy and radiation cannot completely stop the growth of the cancer. The major problem with using radiation to approximate surgery in unresectable disease is that the radiation dose required to ablate pancreatic cancer exceeds the tolerance of the nearby duodenum. WR-2721, also known as amifostine, is a well-known radioprotector, but has significant clinical toxicities when given systemically. WR-2721 is a prodrug and is converted to its active metabolite, WR-1065, by alkaline phosphatases in normal tissues. The small intestine is highly enriched in these activating enzymes, and thus we reasoned that oral administration of WR-2721 just before radiation would result in localized production of the radioprotective WR-1065 in the small intestine, providing protective benefits without the significant systemic side effects. Here, we show that oral WR-2721 is as effective as intraperitoneal WR-2721 in promoting survival of intestinal crypt clonogens after morbid irradiation. Furthermore, oral WR-2721 confers full radioprotection and survival after lethal upper abdominal irradiation of 12.5Gy x 5 fractions (total of 62.5Gy, D2EQ=140.6Gy), which would likely ablate pancreatic cancer. We find that the efficacy of oral WR-2721 stems from its selective accumulation in the intestine, but not in tumors or other normal tissues, as determined by in vivo mass spectrometry analysis. Thus, we demonstrate that oral WR-2721 is a well-tolerated, and quantitatively selective, radioprotector of the intestinal tract that is capable of enabling clinically relevant ablative doses of radiation to the upper abdomen without unacceptable gastrointestinal toxicity.
Transposable elements are important contributors to standing variation in gene expression inCapsella grandiflora
Authors: Uzunović Jasmina , Josephs Emily B. , Stinchcombe John R. , Wright Stephen I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) make up a significant portion of eukaryotic genomes, and thus are important drivers of genome evolution. However, the evolutionary forces controlling TE copy number and the extent to which TEs affect phenotypic variation on a genome-wide scale are still unclear. We characterised TE insertion polymorphism and its effects on gene expression in 124 whole genome sequences from a single population ofCapsella grandiflora. The frequency of insertions was negatively correlated with distance to genes, as well as density of conserved non-coding elements, suggesting that the negative effects of TEs on gene regulation are important in limiting their abundance. Rare TE variants strongly influence gene expression variation, predominantly through downregulation. In contrast, rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute equally to up- and down-regulation, but have a weaker effect. Taken together, these results imply that TEs are a significant contributor to gene expression variation and can be more likely than rare SNPs to cause extreme changes in gene expression.Author SummaryTransposable elements (TEs), mobile DNA elements with the ability to excise from the genome and reinsert in new locations, are important components of genomic diversity. Due to their abundance and mobility, TEs play an influential role in genomic evolution, often deleterious. Here we show that TEs in a population of the plantCapsella grandifloraare most deleterious when they insert in genic and regulatory regions. We find that TEs indeed are associated with unusual levels of gene expression, predominantly decreased expression.Furthermore, this effect is stronger than the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with gene expression variation, highlighting the importance of TE contribution to the maintenance of expression variation.
Evolution dynamics of digital HR system at Pak Elektron Ltd (PEL)
Authors: Naz Shumaila , Khan Shabnam 
Published: March 2018

Subject area
Human resource management and organizational change.

Study level/applicability
Students on an introductory course on Human Resource Management or a specialization course of HRM such as change management and organizational development. This case study can be taught at the MBA level.

Case overview
This case study can serve as the base for understanding and identifying the various characteristics that relate to revolutionizing HR functions with the help of digitalization. It can also be elaborated further to include the challenges that a company has to face after it decides to establish IT software based on operations. This case is an evolutionary story of a large-scale Pakistani company, Pak Electron Ltd. (PEL) which has been in operation for almost 60 years. The top management decided to move from a traditional administrative system towards setting up an HR department for the first time. The case states the salient features of the traditional administrative system, issues faced by the company in the setup of a new HR system and digital HR system along with the employees’ views and perceptions on these systems.

Expected learning outcomes
Students are expected to learn the following: the various characteristics of a paper-file based traditional administrative system; the various features of an IT-based modern HR system; the decision background and basis for making the switch to the new contemporary HR system; and the reaction of employees against changes in organizational systems.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS: 6: Human Resource Management.
ComProCom: a revised model of occupational competence
Authors: Lester Stan , Koniotaki Anna , Religa Jolanta 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a revised approach describing occupational competence, with particular reference to its application in two European countries at the level of specific occupational fields and in relation to the models used in national vocational education and training (VET) systems.

Design/methodology/approach
An Erasmus+ project involved partners in five countries developing and trialling competence standards, following principles developed from approaches that have recently emerged in some British self-governing professions.

Findings
The model used in the project avoids the narrowness that was characteristic of earlier British approaches to occupational competence. It provides a template that can be used for articulating the essentials of practice, including in emerging fields and those that cut across professions and occupations. It is also flexible enough to provide underpinnings for different types of VET system without making assumptions about the way that economies, labour markets and education systems are organised.

Practical implications
A number of factors are outlined that improve the applicability of practice-based competence descriptions, including starting from occupational fields rather than job roles, focussing on the ethos and core activities of the field, and using concise and precise descriptions that are not limited to specific roles and contexts.

Originality/value
A tested, practice-based model of competence is put forward that can be applied at the level of broad professional or occupational fields, is neutral in respect of national labour markets and educational systems, and offers a means of developing a common “language” of competence at a European level.
One of the family? Familial and professional relationships between migrant live-in caregivers and their employers
Authors: Salami Bukola , Meherali Salima 
Published: March 2018

PurposeMany families in the developed world hire live-in caregivers to meet their childcare and elder care needs. Given the spatial arrangements – i.e., that the caregiver lives with her employer – relationships between employers and live-in caregivers can develop into family-like relationships. The purpose of this paper is to draw on data from two Canadian studies to examine the relationships between migrant live-in caregivers and their employers.Design/methodology/approachThe first study focused on the live-in caregivers in Canada. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 Filipina nurses who migrated to Canada through the Live-in Caregiver Program. The second study was a pilot descriptive study that included interviews of recruiter groups and employers of live-in caregivers. Data were thematically analyzed, aided by NVivo software.FindingsThe studies indicate that some live-in caregivers prefer to be treated as one of the family, while others prefer to have a strictly professional employer/employee relationship. Their employers are similarly divided. The authors identify reciprocity and respect as important ingredients for healthy relationships between live-in caregivers and their employers. Without these key ingredients, relationships between employers and live-in caregivers can be exploitative, especially given the unequal power inherent in the relationship.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies are needed to better understand how these relationships evolve over time and in space.Practical implicationsThere is a need to create policies to further prevent exploitation of live-in caregivers within an unfavorable employee or familial relationship.Originality/valueThis study provides useful insight into the development of knowledge on relationships between live-in caregivers and employers.
Reversing the tide of sport globalization from west to east? Examining consumer demand for table tennis clubs in the U.S.
Authors: Zhang Yi , Kim Minkil , Wang Jerred Junqi , Pitts Brenda 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
By using table tennis as an example and conducting an in-depth investigation into the impact of market demand factors on membership consumption of table tennis club members in the USA, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the opportunities and marketing efforts needed for Asian sports to survive and thrive in North America, in which consumer demand factors assessing core program features of table tennis clubs were found to be very influential of cognitive, affective, and behavioral consumptions of table tennis club members.

Design/methodology/approach
Through conducting a review of literature, observations of club operations, and interviews of club administrators and club members representing various table tennis clubs, a preliminary questionnaire was formulated for this study. The initial questionnaire was submitted to a panel of five experts, for a test of content validity. By incorporating their suggestions, editing was made to improve a number of the items in the questionnaire. Data collection took place in two national table tennis tournaments, two local tournaments, and six table tennis clubs. Procedures in SPSS 19.0 (SPSS, 2009) and Mplus 5.21 were carried out for data analyses.

Findings
The findings of this study are that market demand factors would be significantly related to consumer perceived benefits and perceived value, and in turn related to consumer satisfaction of table tennis club membership. The market demand factors had a positive impact on perceived value and benefits confirmed the theoretical framework and previous research findings, which also made a practical sense that a table tennis club needs to offer product features and meet expectations of its current and potential members in order to enhance program value and benefits perceived by its members.

Originality/value
The past two decades have marked the speediest rise of a globalized sport production and consumption trend. In an era of globalized sport marketplace, sports have become a business commodity to meet the needs of commerce. For an Asian sport to penetrate into the North American marketplace as table tennis has done, it would be wise to develop regional network, strategies, product, and promotions. It is expected that table tennis as a popular Asian sport will continue being spread to other parts of the world; thus, the findings of this study have potential relevance to promoting table tennis globally.
A model of fans’ reaction to resurrected brands of sport organizations
Authors: Florea Dorian-Laurentiu , Barbu Catalin Mihail , Barbu Mihai Constantin Razvan 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the conditions that facilitate or hinder a favorable reaction of fans to the resurrection of sport club brands.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model was empirically tested by applying partial least squares-SEM to a sample of 462 fans of five Romanian football and handball clubs that were resurrected in the last five years.FindingsThe study showed that a positive relationship between the new and the old club owners, the keeping of the brand name, and the involvement of the club’s historic figures are favorable conditions for a successful resurrection. The faded brands that enjoy salient heritage and numerous loyal fans are more likely to be successfully resurrected. Moreover, when the resurrection is undertaken immediately after the old club’s bankruptcy, fans tend to alienate from the brand, as they consider the new club to be trying to counterfeit the meaning of the faded brand.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional nature of the study and the narrow scope of the empirical data are the major limitations of the study.Practical implicationsBased on the empirical findings, the authors made recommendations to sport entrepreneurs who consider reviving faded clubs, and highlighted the difficulties of the resurrection process.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of brand resurrection in the sports industry.
Examining the architecture of leadership coaching
Authors: Cosner Shelby , Walker Lisa , Swanson Jason , Hebert Martha , Whalen Samuel P. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the coaching structures that aspiring principals associate with developmentally consequential coaching interactions; identify structural features/functions/attributes that shape a structure’s developmental utility and use; and consider how a multifarious coaching structure might advantage the learning experiences of aspiring principals.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study included multiple interviews with two cohorts of aspiring principals (n=20) from one preparation program and with their leadership coaches (n=5) and was framed using the theories of social capital and networks, situated learning, and distributed cognition.FindingsThe authors identified eight coaching structures that aspirants identified as consequential to their learning and development. The authors identified four structural features/functions/attributes that shape a structure’s developmental utility. The authors identified three factors that contribute to the developmental utility of this multifarious coaching model.Research limitations/implicationsThis study includes a relatively small participant sample –70 percent of the aspiring principals from two cohorts within one preparation program. Data do not include direct observations of coaching interactions within the context of individual coaching structures.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that the structuring of leadership coaching is a critical consideration for those designing leadership coaching programs. This multifarious structuring of leadership coaching created three developmental affordances.Originality/valueThis paper generates new knowledge for the field of principal preparation related to the structuring of leadership coaching and ways in which structuring can shape aspirant learning experiences. These findings are likely to also be instructive to those interested in coaching more generally.
Assisted living technologies and the consumer market: how is it developing?
Authors: Ward Gillian , Winchcombe Maggie , Teah Grace 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
A three-year research study, funded by Innovate UK, Consumer Models for Assisted Living (COMODAL) aimed to support the development of the consumer market for electronic assisted living technology (eALT) products and services, particularly for people aged 50-70, approaching older age and retirement themselves or with caring responsibilities for family or friends. The purpose of the COMODAL study was to gain a greater understanding of their needs and behaviours relating to the acquisition of eALT and develop sustainable consumer-led business models that might address these needs and support business development within a consumer market (Ward et al., 2016). The purpose of this paper is to present a follow up study to explore how the market may have changed since the publication of the research findings.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from individuals working in the supply and distribution of assisted living technologies in the UK regarding how their businesses had developed in the past two years.

Findings
The results showed that since the publication of the COMODAL research there have been changes in the way that the consumer market for eALT is being approached, not only with more direct marketing focused on consumer’s needs but also in direct partnerships with local authorities that offer greater choice with an improved range of products.

Originality/value
This is the first paper in the UK to follow up the impact of the original COMODAL research and explore its influence on the development of the consumer market for eALT.