bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiobjective Bayesian networks approach for joint prediction of tumor local control and radiation pneumonitis in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for response‐adapted radiotherapy
Authors: Luo Yi , McShan Daniel L. , Matuszak Martha M. , Ray Dipankar , Lawrence Theodore S. , Jolly Shruti , Kong Feng‐Ming , Ten Haken Randall K. , El Naqa Issam 
Published: June 2018

PurposeIndividualization of therapeutic outcomes in NSCLC radiotherapy is likely to be compromised by the lack of proper balance of biophysical factors affecting both tumor local control (LC) and side effects such as radiation pneumonitis (RP), which are likely to be intertwined. Here, we compare the performance of separate and joint outcomes predictions for response‐adapted personalized treatment planning.MethodsA total of 118 NSCLC patients treated on prospective protocols with 32 cases of local progression and 20 cases of RP grade 2 or higher (RP2) were studied. Sixty‐eight patients with 297 features before and during radiotherapy were used for discovery and 50 patients were reserved for independent testing. A multiobjective Bayesian network (MO‐BN) approach was developed to identify important features for joint LC/RP2 prediction using extended Markov blankets as inputs to develop a BN predictive structure. Cross‐validation (CV) was used to guide the MO‐BN structure learning. Area under the free‐response receiver operating characteristic (AU‐FROC) curve was used to evaluate joint prediction performance.ResultsImportant features including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), micro RNAs, pretreatment cytokines, pretreatment PET radiomics together with lung and tumor gEUDs were selected and their biophysical inter‐relationships with radiation outcomes (LC and RP2) were identified in a pretreatment MO‐BN. The joint LC/RP2 prediction yielded an AU‐FROC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.70–0.86) upon internal CV. This improved to 0.85 (0.75–0.91) with additional two SNPs, changes in one cytokine and two radiomics PET image features through the course of radiotherapy in a during‐treatment MO‐BN. This MO‐BN model outperformed combined single‐objective Bayesian networks (SO‐BNs) during‐treatment [0.78 (0.67–0.84)]. AU‐FROC values in the evaluation of the MO‐BN and individual SO‐BNs on the testing dataset were 0.77 and 0.68 for pretreatment, and 0.79 and 0.71 for during‐treatment, respectively.ConclusionsMO‐BNs can reveal possible biophysical cross‐talks between competing radiotherapy clinical endpoints. The prediction is improved by providing additional during‐treatment information. The developed MO‐BNs can be an important component of decision support systems for personalized response‐adapted radiotherapy.
An eco‐friendly water‐soluble fluorene‐based polyelectrolyte as interfacial layer for efficient inverted polymer solar cells
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Lv Jie , Peng Yichun , Cao Xiaodong , Tong Junfeng , Xia Yangjun 
Published: May 2018

A conjugated polyelectrolyte poly(9,9‐bis(3′‐[(N,N‐dimethyl)‐N‐ethylammonium]‐propyl)‐2,7‐fluorene dibromide) (PFBr) with the feature of environmental friendliness and cheapness was successfully used in polymer solar cells (PSCs) as the cathode interfacial layer (CIL). And we successfully demonstrate that the PFBr can build interfacial dipoles at the CIL/cathode interfaces, leading to reduce cathode work functions and improve open‐circuit voltages, which decrease interfacial energy loss at the cathode. It not only improves the electron transfer efficiency but also inhibits the charge carrier recombination at the contact interface. Impedance spectra revealed that the optimal device with the smallest charge transport time constant of 2.83 microseconds was achieved under the concentration of 2 mg mL−1 of PFBr, which suggests efficient electron transport on the interface between the organic active layer and the indium tin oxide cathode. Moreover, as a consequence, the power conversion efficiency of the PSCs increases to 3.83% (with PFBr as CIL) from 1.89% (without any CIL), based on the poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction active layer. Therefore, our observation can demonstrate PFBr is a prospective candidate as CIL for constructing low‐cost, large‐area, and flexible PSCs.
Association between dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and urinary tract infection in elderly patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Imatoh Takuya , Nishi Takumi , Yasui Midori , Maeda Toshiki , Sai Kimie , Saito Yoshiro , Une Hiroshi , Babazono Akira 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs. Although they have been reported to increase the risk of infection, the findings are controversial. Given that urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in the elderly, we conducted a retrospective cohort study by using health care insurance claims data, to elucidate the association between the DPP‐4 inhibitors and the incidence of UTI in latter‐stage elderly patients.MethodsWe analyzed 25,111 Japanese patients aged 75 years and older between the fiscal years 2011 and 2016. Patients using DPP‐4 inhibitors and sulfonylureas (SUs) were matched at a 1:1 ratio using propensity scoring. The Incidence rate ratio (IRR) of UTI was compared between users of SUs and users of DPP‐4 inhibitors by Poisson regression. Moreover, subgroup analyses stratified by sex were conducted to evaluate whether the combination of prostatic hyperplasia and DPP‐4 inhibitors is associated with the incidence of UTI in male patients.ResultsThe use of DPP‐4 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of UTI (adjusted IRR 1.23, 95% CI [1.04‐1.45]). After propensity score matching, the association remained significant (adjusted IRR 1.28, 95% CI [1.05‐1.56]). Moreover, elderly male patients with prostatic hyperplasia who received DPP‐4 inhibitors had a higher risk of UTI than SU users without prostatic hyperplasia (Matched: crude IRR 2.90, 95% CI [1.78‐4.71]; adjusted IRR 2.32, 95% CI [1.40‐3.84]).ConclusionsThe long‐term use of DPP‐4 inhibitors by elderly patients, particularly male patients with prostatic hyperplasia, may increase the risk of UTI.
Envisioning a meaningful future and academic engagement: The role of parenting practices and school‐based relationships
Authors: Hill Nancy E. , Liang Belle , Price Maggi , Polk Whitney , Perella John , Savitz‐Romer Mandy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn contrast to the focus on short‐term, extrinsic goals in our society (e.g., wealth, prestige), positive youth development scholars have highlighted the need for parents and schools to help youths cultivate and plan for long‐term, intrinsic, and meaningful goals (i.e., envisioning a meaningful future), arguing that envisioning a meaningful future is potentially inspiring and associated with better outcomes for youths. Envisioning a meaningful future includes being future‐oriented and planful and having a sense of purpose, a life focus that provides deep meaning to life and contributes to the good of society. This study used structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect effects of parental and school relationships on envisioning a meaningful future and academic engagement in a diverse sample of adolescents (n = 624). Parental and school‐based relationships were positively associated with academic engagement, and this association was partially mediated by envisioning a meaningful future. Analyses revealed the importance of parental and school relationships in engaging youths in developing a vision for a meaningful future toward the goal of academic engagement. Variations between African‐Americans and Whites, and across grade and parental education levels are discussed.
The Blast Parameters Spanning the Fireball from Large Hemispherical Detonations of C‐4
Authors: Rae Philip J. , McAfee John M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLarge (∼45.4 kg) hemispheres of C‐4, detonated on the ground, were instrumented to measure blast parameters at scaled distances between 0.53 to 1.78 m kg−1/3. The results from free‐field and reflected pressure gauge measurements made inside and just outside the maximum extent of the fireball are presented. They show that the predictions from a particular table for scaled TNT charges are broadly consistent with the time‐of‐arrival, initial peak pressure, positive duration and positive impulse measurements. However, this agreement is poorer through the location of the primary and secondary (delayed) fireball (0.71–1.48 m kg−1/3), but better closer in and further away. Additionally, for individual detonations with closely located gauges, significant variations between peak pressures and times‐of‐arrival are measured. This suggests a strong effect from the interface instabilities present in the near‐field.
Sustained influence of infections on prostate‐specific antigen concentration: An analysis of changes over 10 years of follow‐up
Authors: Langston Marvin E. , Pakpahan Ratna , Nevin Remington L. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Elliott Debra J. , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Isaacs William B. , Nelson William G. , Sokoll Lori J. , Zenilman Jonathan M. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Sutcliffe Siobhan 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundTo extend our previous observation of a short‐term rise in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) concentration, a marker of prostate inflammation and cell damage, during and immediately following sexually transmitted and systemic infections, we examined the longer‐term influence of these infections, both individually and cumulatively, on PSA over a mean of 10 years of follow‐up in young active duty U.S. servicemen.MethodsWe measured PSA in serum specimens collected in 1995‐7 (baseline) and 2004‐6 (follow‐up) from 265 men diagnosed with chlamydia (CT), 72 with gonorrhea (GC), 37 with non‐chlamydial, non‐gonococcal urethritis (NCNGU), 58 with infectious mononucleosis (IM), 91 with other systemic or non‐genitourinary infections such as varicella; and 125‐258 men with no infectious disease diagnoses in their medical record during follow‐up (controls). We examined the influence of these infections on PSA change between baseline and follow‐up.ResultsThe proportion of men with any increase in PSA (>0 ng/mL) over the 10‐year average follow‐up was significantly higher in men with histories of sexually transmitted infections (CT, GC, and NCNGU; 67.7% vs 60.8%, P = 0.043), systemic infections (66.7% vs 54.4%, P = 0.047), or any infections (all cases combined; 68.5% vs 54.4%, P = 0.003) in their military medical record compared to controls.ConclusionsWhile PSA has been previously shown to rise during acute infection, these findings demonstrate that PSA remains elevated over a longer period. Additionally, the overall infection burden, rather than solely genitourinary‐specific infection burden, contributed to these long‐term changes, possibly implying a role for the cumulative burden of infections in prostate cancer risk.
No effect of thymosin beta‐4 on the expression of the transcription factor Islet‐1 in the adult murine heart
Authors: Weinberger Florian , Nicol Philipp , Starbatty Jutta , Stubbendorff Mandy , Becher Peter M. , Schrepfer Sonja , Eschenhagen Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe transcription factor Islet‐1 marks a progenitor cell population of the second heart field during cardiogenesis. In the adult heart Islet‐1 expression is limited to the sinoatrial node, the ventricular outflow tract, and parasympathetic ganglia. The regenerative effect in the injured mouse ventricle of thymosin beta‐4 (TB4), a 43‐aminoacid peptide, was associated with increased Islet‐1 immunostaining, suggesting the induction of an Islet‐1‐positive progenitor state by TB4. Here we aimed to reassess this effect in a genetic model. Mice from the reporter mouse line Isl1‐nLacZ were primed with TB4 and subsequently underwent myocardial infarction. Islet‐1 expression was assessed 2, 7, and 14 days after infarction. We detected only a single Islet‐1+ cell in 8 TB4 treated and infarcted hearts which located outside of the sinoatrial node, the outflow tract or cardiac ganglia (in ~2500 sections). Two cells were identified in 5 control infarcted hearts. TB4 did not induce LacZ positivity in ventricular explants cultures of Isl1‐nLacZ mice nor did it affect the density of LacZ+ cells in explant cultures of nLacZ+ regions of the heart. In summary, we found no evidence that TB4 reactivates Islet‐1 expression in adult mouse ventricle.
Confronting herbicide resistance with cooperative management
Authors: Evans Jeffrey A , Williams Alwyn , Hager Aaron G , Mirsky Steven B , Tranel Patrick J , Davis Adam S 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDResistance of pathogens and pests to antibiotics and pesticides worldwide is rapidly reaching critical levels. The common‐pool‐resource nature of this problem (i.e. whereby the susceptibility to treatment of target organisms is a shared resource) has been largely overlooked. Using herbicide‐resistant weeds as a model system, we developed a discrete‐time landscape‐scale simulation to investigate how aggregating herbicide management strategies at different spatial scales from individual farms to larger cooperative structures affects the evolution of glyphosate resistance in common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus).RESULTSOur findings indicate that high‐efficacy herbicide management strategies practiced at the farm scale are insufficient to slow resistance evolution in A. tuberculatus. When best practices were aggregated at large spatial scales, resistance evolution was hindered; conversely, when poor management practices were aggregated, resistance was exacerbated. Tank mixture‐based strategies were more effective than rotation‐based strategies in most circumstances, while applying glyphosate alone resulted in the poorest outcomes.CONCLUSIONSOur findings highlight the importance of landscape‐scale cooperative management for confronting common‐pool‐resource resistance problems in weeds and other analogous systems. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparation of Ag nanoparticles‐Decorated Polydopamine‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites at a Gas‐Liquid Interface for the Eletrochemical Sensing of H2O2
Authors: Zhang Xinjin , Sheng Qinglin , Zheng Jianbin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA nanocomposites of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)‐polydopamine (PDA)‐reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized at a gas/liquid interface. The gas/liquid interface will be appeared when the volatilized methyl aldehyde gas dissolved in to the solution and the Ag NPs will be formed by using CH2O as the reductant. Then, the nanocomposites were modified on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to construct a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor. The morphology and composition of the nanocomposites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical investigation of the sensor reveals that it showed excellent catalytic property towards H2O2. The responses have a wide concentration range linear of 0.03‐16 mM and 16–60 mM, the corresponding sensitivity of 28.1 μA mM−1 cm−2, 40.27 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a detection limit of 10 μM at a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 3. Furthermore, the sensor also exhibited good anti‐interference, long‐term stability and repeatability for H2O2 sensing. The present work offered a general platform for the synthesis of uniform distribution metal nanoparticles that might be extended to other fields.
Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy for Electrode and Solid‐Electrolyte Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Xiaozhi , Gu Lin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the reaction processes of electrode and electrolyte materials is important for achieving high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Currently, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) can readily characterize the structural and chemical features of these materials from the micrometer scale to the atomic scale. In situ (S)TEM can further monitor their non‐ or quasi‐equilibrated states in real time. Here, the recent progress in unraveling the crystal and electronic structures of the electrode and solid‐electrolyte materials using ex situ and in situ (S)TEM is reviewed. Three fundamental functions, including imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy, are jointly used to decipher the configuration of the defects and ordering, the variations near the surfaces and across the interfaces, and the evolution of the coexisting phases. Novel and deep insights are proposed for the material growth, reaction, and capacity fading mechanisms. Advanced (S)TEM studies for LIB materials pose numerous challenges and perspectives, including the development and application of local diffraction analysis, large‐scale phase mapping techniques, 3D reconstruction, and cryoelectron microscopy, which are further discussed.
Comparison of nondestructive testing techniques for the inspection of wind turbine blades' spar caps
Authors: Martin Robert W. , Sabato Alessandro , Schoenberg Andrew , Giles Robert H. , Niezrecki Christopher 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo increase the energy conversion efficiency and power production, the size of wind turbine blades has continued to grow larger. As such, the need to identify defects and monitor the structural health becomes more critical to maintain reliability and prevent costly catastrophic failures. Larger blades are subject to an increased likelihood of operational damage and manufacturing defects. Usually, glass‐reinforced spar caps are inspected with the assistance of strong flashlights, while nondestructive testing (NDT) inspections are performed only on carbon‐reinforced blades which are not translucent. These operations provide qualitative information only. Therefore, there is a growing need for inspection techniques that can provide quantitative information for assessing the structural health of the blades. In recent years, different NDT techniques capable of accurately delivering surface and internal data have been developed. Nondestructive testing systems should be able to quickly and efficiently scan large areas, to be economically beneficial to the wind turbine manufacturing industry. Within this paper, 3 different NDT techniques for the inspection of manufactured wind turbine blades' spar caps are compared: terahertz inverse synthetic aperture radar, infrared thermography, and X‐ray imaging. Each is investigated to evaluate their ability to detect the presence of defects of concern that are created during the blade manufacturing process. Through a set of experimental tests, the advantages, challenges, and drawbacks of each used technique are evaluated and compared in the context of the needs of the wind turbine industry. This research provides the foundation of empirical comparisons that can lead to the development of more accurate NDT resulting in the construction of more reliable and less‐expensive wind turbine blades.
Deepening Attention to Social Location in Building Leader and Leadership Efficacy
Authors: Turman Natasha T. , Garcia Kristina C. Alcozer , Howes Shannon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLeadership efficacy is a powerful determinant of leadership capacity and enactment. However, little attention is paid to how social location shapes its development. This chapter provides pathways for cultivating youth leadership efficacy that are attentive to social location.
Peritoneal metastasis as a predictive factor for nab-paclitaxel in patients with pretreated advanced gastric cancer: an exploratory analysis of the phase III ABSOLUTE trial
Authors: Takashima Atsuo , Shitara Kohei , Fujitani Kazumasa , Koeda Keisuke , Hara Hiroki , Nakayama Norisuke , Hironaka Shuichi , Nishikawa Kazuhiro , Kimura Yutaka , Amagai Kenji , Fujii Hirofumi , Muro Kei , Esaki Taito , Choda Yasuhiro , Takano Toshimi , Chin Keisho , Sato Atsushi , Goto Masahiro , Fukushima Norimasa , Hara Takuo , Machida Nozomu , Ohta Manabu , Boku Narikazu , Shimura Masashi , Morita Satoshi , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background
In the ABSOLUTE trial, weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (w-nab-PTX) showed non-inferiority to weekly solvent-based paclitaxel (w-sb-PTX) for overall survival (OS). Thus, w-nab-PTX might be an option for second-line chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, predictive factors for efficacies of these agents have not been evaluated.

Methods
Patients previously enrolled in the ABSOLUTE trial were divided into apparent peritoneal metastasis group (PM group) and no apparent peritoneal metastasis group (no PM group) based on baseline imaging evaluated by RECIST ver. 1.1 criteria and amount of ascites. OS, progression-free survival, and overall response rate were compared between two arms in each group.

Results
This study included 240 and 243 patients in the w-nab-PTX and w-sb-PTX arms, respectively. In the PM group, the w-nab-PTX arm (n = 88) had longer OS than the w-sb-PTX arm (n = 103), and median survival time (MST) of 9.9 and 8.7 months [hazard ratio (HR) 0.63; 95% CI 0.45–0.88; P = 0.0060], respectively. In the no PM group, the w-nab-PTX arm (n = 140) had shorter OS than the w-sb-PTX arm (n = 152), and MST of 11.6 and 15.7 months (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.06–1.86; P = 0.0180), respectively. After adjusting for prognostic factors, the HR for OS in the w-nab-PTX arm versus the w-sb-PTX arm was 0.59 (95% CI 0.42–0.83; P = 0.0023; PM group) and 1.34 (95% CI 1.01–1.78; P = 0.0414; no PM group), with significant interaction between treatment efficacy and presence of peritoneal metastasis (P = 0.0003).

Conclusions
The presence of apparent peritoneal metastasis might be a predictive factor for selecting w-nab-PTX for pretreated AGC patients.

Trial registration number
JapicCTI-132059.
The Role of Oxidized Carbides on Thermal-Mechanical Performance of Polycrystalline Superalloys
Authors: Kontis Paraskevas , Li Zhuangming , Segersäll Mikael , Moverare Johan J. , Reed Roger C. , Raabe Dierk , Gault Baptiste 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Oxidized MC carbides which act as main crack initiation sites in a polycrystalline superalloy under thermal-mechanical fatigue (TMF) conditions at 850 °C were studied. Microstructural observations in the TMF tested specimens were compared to findings from bulk samples exposed isothermally in air at 850 °C for 30 hours in the absence of any external applied load. Carbides were found to oxidize rapidly after exposure at 850 °C for 30 hours resulting in surface eruptions corresponding to oxidation products, from where micro-cracks initiated. Plastic deformation due to volume expansion of the often porous oxidized carbides led to high dislocation densities in the adjacent matrix as revealed by controlled electron channeling contrast imaging. The high dislocation density facilitated the dissolution kinetics of γ′ precipitates by segregation and diffusion of chromium and cobalt along the dislocations via pipe diffusion, resulting in the formation of soft recrystallized grains. Atom probe tomography revealed substantial compositional differences between the recrystallized grains and the adjacent undeformed γ matrix. Similar observations were made for the TMF tested alloy. Our observations provide new insights into the true detrimental role of oxidized MC carbides on the crack initiation performance of polycrystalline superalloys under TMF.