bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What makes the synergy between pollution and carbon emission control effective? Based on an evaluation of the carbon emissions trading pilot policy
Authors: Zheng Shiming , Li Yue , Xie Huiyi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To accomplish clean air and carbon peaking and neutrality goals in the new development stage, it is essential to synergize air contamination and carbon emission reduction. This research assesses the synergistic effect between air contamination and carbon emission reduction of the carbon emissions trading (CET) pilot policy in China using the difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results demonstrate that, first, this policy has a dual impact by considerably reducing both carbon emissions and PM

2.5 emissions. Second, the pilot policy can decrease carbon emissions through ‘pollution-to-carbon’ synergistic control effect, which enables the incentive and restraint functions to be strengthened for trading carbon emissions. Nevertheless, the synergistic control effect of ‘carbon-to-pollution’ is not significant since the replacement effect produced by investment pressure. Third, the synergy between air contamination and carbon emission management in pilot areas substantially reduces pollution emissions, suggesting that a greater degree of synergistic control generates more effective incentive or restraint effect.
Towards inclusive green growth in Chinese cities: investigating the role of smart city construction
Authors: Li Ruijie , Fu Hongbo , Liu Shucheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Smart cities are the product of the integration of China’s new urbanization and informatization. Inclusive green growth (IGG) is an important strategic idea for economic development and transformation. This study uses CRITIC-entropy weight method to quantitatively measure IGG index from the three dimensions of economic growth, green growth and inclusive growth. Based on the panel data of prefectural cities in China from 2006 to 2022, this study evaluates the impact of smart city construction on IGG using multi-period difference-in-differences and spatial difference-in-differences models. The results show that smart city construction has a significant positive impact on IGG, as well as economic growth, green growth, and inclusive growth. Meanwhile, the impact of smart city construction on IGG has significant regional heterogeneity. Mechanism test shows that smart city construction positively affects IGG through three dimensions of technology, talent, and governance. Furthermore, there is a spatial spillover effect in smart city construction, which significantly promotes economic growth and green growth in neighboring non-pilot areas, as well as economic growth in neighboring pilot areas. This study provides valuable theoretical insights and policy ideas for planning in emerging economies to promote high-quality development and ecological civilization through smart city strategy.
Study of metallic nano-structures formed in liquids by large pulsed laser radiation spots using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Sánchez-Torres Samuel , Pérez-García Brenda-Lizeth , Tehuacanero-Cuapa Samuel , Crespo-Sosa Alejandro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids (PLAL) represents a prominent method for synthesising metallic nanoparticles and nano-alloys. This technique offers the potential precise control over the process and resulting products. However, a comprehensive description of the underlying mechanisms is still necessary to enhance control. Our investigation involved the utilisation of low fluence 6 ns laser pulses on 35 mm2 areas of thin films comprising layers of Ag, Pt, and Au to investigate the nano-structures and alloys obtained. The large laser spot produced nano-structures with peculiar morphological characteristics. Their analysis by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) confirms that the early stages of the ablation plume play an essential role in the nucleation of nano-structures when the ablating metals have a strong interaction with the fluid, which has surpassed its critical temperature and pressure.
Classification of Technologies Enabling Gestation
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 defends two claims. First, that it is useful to think about assisted gestation or technologies enabling gestation as a genus of technologies. Thinking collectively about technologies enabling gestation, the chapter argues, allows us to better consider the social, legal, and ethical implications of these technologies. I present a taxonomy of gestation on the basis of an inductive classificatory analysis of surrogacies, uterus transplantation (UTx), ectogestation, and reciprocal effortless in vitro fertilization. Second, the chapter argues that technologies within the genus ‘technologies enabling gestation’ have the potential to fundamentally alter the nature of gestation in different ways. In particular, the procreative experience of intended parent(s) is markedly different where different technologies are used. For this reason, each of these technologies (surrogacies, UTx, and ectogestation) serve different procreative needs.
Sex and Gender
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the public consciousness, there is generally a conceptual integration of gender and gestation. This is because it is primarily people of female biology who identify as women who undertake gestational work (whether to procreate themselves or act as surrogates). Chapter 5 critiques arguments made by liberal feminist scholars that technologies enabling gestation might disrupt the gendered paradigms in procreation. It argues that the notion of gender equality resulting from novel technologies enabling gestation, or even of being necessary if not sufficient for emancipation, is misguided and reductive. Despite my contention that arguments about novel technologies enabling gestation resulting in gender and sex equality overstate the possibilities, artificial amniotic sac and placenta technology (AAPT) and uterus transplantation (UTx) are potentially equality-enhancing, morally desirable, and could be of value to people assigned female at birth and to sex and gender minorities. Significant social and legal reform, however, is necessary for the realization of any equality-enhancing potential.
Abortion
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Novel procreative technologies often fuel debates about abortion. Chapter 7 argues that novel procreative technologies, including technologies enabling gestation, have no bearing on the morality of abortion whatsoever. Unwilling pregnancy is never justifiable. Abortion decisions, it is demonstrated, are about more than bodily autonomy (as they can encompass decisions beyond whether to end a pregnancy), however, since pregnancy is bodily work, matters of bodily integrity will always be pertinent and must remain in the foreground of our thinking about the importance of access to abortion into the future (encompassing novel technologies enabling gestation). The right to end a pregnancy always belongs to the person undertaking pregnancy (whether they are an intended parent or not). This chapter reflects on the reasons why discussions about novel procreative technologies—like artificial placenta technologies—are dominated by the problematization of abortion and argue that there is a need to reorient ethical and legal reflection from such framing.
True allegiance
Authors: Wheeler Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Having sworn allegiance to the crown as a young bachelor MP, William briefly served under Peel as a junior minister. In Rome he discovered the true meaning of the word ‘church’. In 1838 he published his most important and controversial book, The State in its Relations to the Church. The following year he swore an oath of a different kind to Catherine Glynne of Hawarden Castle, Flintshire. Happily married and soon a father, William sought his wife’s and his father’s support as Peel returned to power and promoted him to the board of trade and the cabinet. As a member of the ‘Engagement’ at Margaret Chapel, he committed himself to ‘rescue work’ among London prostitutes. This chapter traces William’s spiritual life between 1832, when he committed himself to politics, and 1845, a year of crisis in which he resigned over the Maynooth grant and was then drawn back into the cabinet as colonial secretary.
Conclusion
Authors: Ware Owen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This concluding chapter has two overarching aims. The first is to dissolve several long-standing misconceptions about the role of mythology in romanticism. The chapter shows, for instance, that the original form of romantic mythmaking runs counter to the kind of ideological and nationalistic appeals to mythology that later critics have associated with romanticism itself. The second aim of the chapter is to make explicit some of the deeper implications of this book for rethinking British and German romanticism as advocating neither “naturalism” nor “supernaturalism.” The result is a major reassessment of the enduring value of romantic philosophy and literature, as an intellectual-poetic tradition that continues to challenge us today. The chapter closes by linking this challenge back to the romantic call for a “return of the gods.”
Beauty and Wonder
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Victorians employed romantic tropes of wonder through a range of genres (though perhaps especially in popular settings) to model and solicit particular affective responses to the microscopical image, such as admiration, awe, reverence, astonishment, and whimsy. Microscopy challenged any notion of the disenchantment of the modern world. Informed by the ideas drawn from physiological psychology, this chapter shows how Victorian microscopists revised Burkean or Kantian notions of wonder. Their modeling and soliciting of affective flows of wonder was mediated by literary and technological structures. Examples include tropes of beauty (especially intricate beauty such as is found in diatoms) and hybridity, and the use of metaphor and analogy to describe and analyze the unusual forms found under the lens.
Natural Theology and the Beautiful Mechanism
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Victorian microscopical texts, as with many narratives of natural history, sometimes reframe the sublime in the terms of a Paleyite natural theology. Microscopists used tropes of wonder, especially of awe and admiration, to adapt these established literary structures to microscopical aims. Microscopical images readily supported assertions of a Creator’s design in the world, as with tropes of created vs. constructed objects or the revelations of the microscope. Writers in a range of genres (though perhaps especially popularizing texts) celebrate the beautiful mechanism: that is, the beauty of natural forms, and the beauty and power of the human-made artifact that yields access to them.
The Great Experiment: race and authorship in Shonda Rhimes’s Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story
Authors: Calhoun Claudia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In 2023, Shonda Rhimes’s Queen Charlotte premiered on Netflix. The series is a prequel to the streamer’s hit series, Bridgerton (2020–present), itself an adaptation of Julia Quinn’s popular series of romance books. In Bridgerton’s colour-conscious British Regency setting, the marriage of Queen Charlotte, who is Black, and King George, who is white, led to the racial integration of elite society. Queen Charlotte, written and produced by Rhimes, gives the context for their love story. Although Rhimes is known for the diversity of her television shows, this series represents her most sustained engagement with issues of race. It is also her most personal work. The story of young Charlotte reflects Rhimes’s own, as a Black woman who rose to power within a white-dominant institution. Queen Charlotte understands race not primarily as identity or culture, but as a tool used by institutions to distribute power. While Bridgerton preserves the optimistic attitude of the romance novels, Queen Charlotte ends with more ambivalence, reflecting both the sincerity of its concerns and the sensibility of its creator.
History on the Lost Coast
Authors: Whiteley Kathleen C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This essay is a response to an AHR call for works on resilience: “how to revive,” as it’s framed, “after things fall apart.” It would be hard to find a case in which “things fall apart” more completely than they historically have done for Native people in California. While this history is deeper than the American occupation of Native land, the latter half of the nineteenth century evinces a particularly brutal history of violent displacement by white settlers and the political machinery supporting their land claims. The “we are still here” rhetoric that marks so much Native American political discourse is therefore particularly necessary and pressing in California. Such claims cannot help but also mark the ways we narrate that history. The massacre on Tuluwat in Eureka, California was a point so low one cannot imagine a return, and yet the Wiyot did. They are still here, and their story has much to tell us about resilience and cultural survival. This article seeks to amplify untold stories from American Indian history and move California Indians from the margin to the center by foregrounding Native voices and ways of knowing. This work, thus, moves beyond the history of American genocide by exploring the role of Native people as complicated agents struggling for their own future.
Landscape-level variation in spring leaf phenology is driven by precipitation seasonality in the Mexican red oak Quercus castanea
Authors: Ochoa-Alvarez Tamara C , Contreras-Negrete Gonzalo , Lara-De La Cruz Libny Ingrid , González-Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Water availability is one of the essential factors that determine the distribution of plant species, as well as their ecological strategies. The study of leaf phenology, in conjunction with other leaf traits of an ecological nature, such as functional traits, makes it possible to determine the life history strategies of plant species and their variation along environmental gradients, which in turn influences the demographic rates of populations. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of water availability at the landscape scale on spring leaf phenology and foliar traits such as leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf thickness (LT) in the oak species Quercus castanea from a tropical latitude in central-western Mexico.

Methods
Six sites were selected in the Cuitzeo basin, Michoacán, across a water availability gradient, ranging from 766 mm to 1145 mm of mean annual precipitation. Leaf samples were collected from 10 adult trees at each site and LT and LMA were estimated. Leaf phenology was monitored for each tree every two weeks between March and July for two consecutive years, 2021 and 2022, alongside soil moisture measurements. Temperature and precipitation variables for the two study years were obtained from meteorological stations and long-term bioclimatic variables from the Worldclim database.

Key Results
Significant spatial and temporal variation in leaf phenology was observed. Earlier leaf development and shorter development times were observed with increased soil moisture in March and April, and with higher precipitation in October of the previous year. Also, sites with long-term higher precipitation seasonality and with lower precipitation of the warmest quarter showed longer development times. A positive association between development times and leaf thickness was also observed.

Conclusions
: Quercus castanea shows a brevideciduous leaf phenology but with significant variation among populations, reflecting spatiotemporal mosaics of environmental and genetic variation and in covariation with leaf functional traits such as leaf thickness.
Empirical insights into the legal quicksand: the case of patent illegality in Indian arbitration
Authors: Singh Pratyush , Malipatil Aastha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the intriguing evolution of patent illegality in Indian arbitration law, a concept formalized by the Supreme Court in the Saw Pipes case and later refined by the 2015 Amendment to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. Analysing 699 cases from 2016 to 2023 reveals a striking 29.38 per cent success rate for arguments based on patent illegality. Despite the Supreme Court’s intent to restrict its scope, lower courts often delve into case merits under this guise. Key rulings like Ssangyong Engineering and Delhi Airport Metro Express highlight the judiciary’s struggle to maintain this balance. The study critiques the inconsistent application of standards under patent illegality, leading to contradictory verdicts and threatening arbitration finality. Overall, this analysis underscores the critical need for clearer judicial guidelines to ensure a balanced approach that respects both the autonomy of arbitral awards and the supervisory role of the judiciary. The findings suggest that current judicial practices may inadvertently expand the scope of patent illegality, thus necessitating reforms to align with the intended legislative framework.
Economic Predictors of Plastic Surgery Expenditures: A 14-Year Analysis of Unemployment, Disposable Income, and Stock Indices
Authors: Fine Keenan S , Bay Caroline C , Wirth Peter J , Shaffrey Ellen C , Edalatpour Armin , Thornton Sarah M , Rao Venkat K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Macroeconomic conditions significantly affect consumer spending patterns, including aesthetic surgery expenditures. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between unemployment rates, disposable income, stock indices, and aesthetic surgery spending from 2006 to 2019. Data on aesthetic surgery expenditures were collected from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, whereas unemployment data were obtained from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, disposable income from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis, and stock indices from the Federal Reserve Economic Data. Time series correlational analyses and Granger causality tests were used to explore these relationships. Unemployment was inversely related to total aesthetic surgery expenditures and most individual procedures. However, Granger causality tests did not reveal a significant predictive relationship between unemployment and aesthetic procedure spending for most procedures. Disposable income was most strongly associated with expenditures on injection procedures and had nonsignificant relationships with more invasive procedures, including breast augmentation, liposuction, abdominoplasty, and blepharoplasty. The analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between the NASDAQ, S&P 500, and Dow Jones with all aesthetic procedures, except rhinoplasty. Granger causality tests revealed significant predictive relationships for several procedures at different lags using disposable income and stock indices as predictive variables. These findings highlight a nuanced relationship between macroeconomic conditions and consumer spending on aesthetic surgery. Overall, this paper provides new insights offering a foundation for further investigation into aesthetic plastic surgery consumption on an individual level, rather than on an aggregate.

Level of Evidence: 5
(Risk)
Comprehensive evaluation and practical guideline of gating methods for high-dimensional cytometry data: manual gating, unsupervised clustering, and auto-gating
Authors: Liu Peng , Pan Yuchen , Chang Hung-Ching , Wang Wenjia , Fang Yusi , Xue Xiangning , Zou Jian , Toothaker Jessica M , Olaloye Oluwabunmi , Santiago Eduardo Gonzalez , McCourt Black , Mitsialis Vanessa , Presicce Pietro , Kallapur Suhas G , Snapper Scott B , Liu Jia-Jun , Tseng George C , Konnikova Liza , Liu Silvia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cytometry is an advanced technique for simultaneously identifying and quantifying many cell surface and intracellular proteins at a single-cell resolution. Analyzing high-dimensional cytometry data involves identifying and quantifying cell populations based on their marker expressions. This study provided a quantitative review and comparison of various ways to phenotype cellular populations within the cytometry data, including manual gating, unsupervised clustering, and supervised auto-gating. Six datasets from diverse species and sample types were included in the study, and manual gating with two hierarchical layers was used as the truth for evaluation. For manual gating, results from five researchers were compared to illustrate the gating consistency among different raters. For unsupervised clustering, 23 tools were quantitatively compared in terms of accuracy with the truth and computing cost. While no method outperformed all others, several tools, including PAC-MAN, CCAST, FlowSOM, flowClust, and DEPECHE, generally demonstrated strong performance. For supervised auto-gating methods, four algorithms were evaluated, where DeepCyTOF and CyTOF Linear Classifier performed the best. We further provided practical recommendations on prioritizing gating methods based on different application scenarios. This study offers comprehensive insights for biologists to understand diverse gating methods and choose the best-suited ones for their applications.
A BLAST from the past: revisiting blastp’s E-value
Authors: Lu Yang Young , Noble William Stafford , Keich Uri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Motivation
The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, BLAST, is an indispensable tool for genomic research. BLAST has established itself as the canonical tool for sequence similarity search in large part thanks to its meaningful statistical analysis. Specifically, BLAST reports the E-value of each reported alignment, which is defined as the expected number of optimal local alignments that will score at least as high as the observed alignment score, assuming that the query and the database sequences are randomly generated.

Results
Here, we critically evaluate the E-values provided by the standard protein BLAST (blastp), showing that they can be at times significantly conservative while at others too liberal. We offer an alternative approach based on generating a small sample from the null distribution of random optimal alignments, and testing whether the observed alignment score is consistent with it. In contrast with blastp, our significance analysis seems valid, in the sense that it did not deliver inflated significance estimates in any of our extensive experiments. Moreover, although our method is slightly conservative, it is often significantly less so than the blastp E-value. Indeed, in cases where blastp’s analysis is valid (i.e., not too liberal), our approach seems to deliver a greater number of correct alignments. One advantage of our approach is that it works with any reasonable choice of substitution matrix and gap penalties, avoiding blastp’s limited options of matrices and penalties. In addition, we can formulate the problem using a canonical family-wise error rate control setup, thereby dispensing with E-values, which can at times be difficult to interpret.

Availability and implementation
The Apache licensed source code is available at https://github.com/batmen-lab/SGPvalue.