bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyams grading as a predictor of metastasis and overall survival in esthesioneuroblastoma: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Goshtasbi Khodayar , Abiri Arash , Abouzari Mehdi , Sahyouni Ronald , Wang Beverly Y. , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Hsu Frank P. K. , Cadena Gilbert , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundEsthesioneuroblastoma (ENB), also known as olfactory neuroblastoma, represents up to 3% of all sinonasal neoplasms. Hyams histologic grading is a promising tool in predicting metastases and establishing prognoses for this complex tumor.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases. ENB patients with Hyams I‐II or III‐IV were categorized as low‐grade Hyams (LGH) or high‐grade Hyams (HGH), respectively. Binary and continuous random‐effects models were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the incidences of neck and distal metastases as well as for 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates.ResultsOf the 57 screened articles published from 1993 to 2018, 16 (525 patients) and 21 (563 patients) provided data for tumor metastases and overall survival rates, respectively. Neck metastasis was observed in 18.2% of HGH vs 7.9% of LGH patients. Distant metastasis was noted in 20.7% of HGH vs 8.9% of LGH patients. LGH patients had 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates of 81.2% and 64.0%, respectively, as compared with 60.9% and 40.6%, respectively, for HGH patients. In comparing HGHs vs LGHs, the collective ORs for neck and distant metastases were 2.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09‐3.99; p = 0.03) and 2.37 (95% CI, 1.07‐5.26; p = 0.03), respectively. Moreover, in comparing LGHs vs HGHs, collective ORs for 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates were 3.39 (95% CI, 2.09‐5.49; p < 0.001) and 3.03 (95% CI, 1.82‐5.06; p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionHGH ENBs, compared with LGH ENBs, are more likely to metastasize to neck or distal targets and to have lower overall survival rates.
Enhancement of Oxygen Evolution Activity of Nickel Oxyhydroxide by Electrolyte Alkali Cations
Authors: Garcia Amanda C. , Touzalin Thomas , Nieuwland Celine , Perini Nickson , Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein, the effect of the alkali cation (Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+) in alkaline electrolytes with and without Fe impurities is investigated for enhancing the activity of nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Cyclic voltammograms show that Fe impurities have a significant catalytic effect on OER activity; however, both under purified and unpurified conditions, the trend in OER activity is Cs+ > Na+ > K+ > Li+, suggesting an intrinsic cation effect of the OER activity on Fe‐free Ni oxyhydroxide. In situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), shows this cation dependence is related to the formation of superoxo OER intermediate (NiOO−). The electrochemically active surface area, evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), is not influenced significantly by the cation. We postulate that the cations interact with the Ni−OO− species leading to the formation of NiOO−−M+ species that is stabilized better by bigger cations (Cs+). This species would then act as the precursor to O2 evolution, explaining the higher activity.
Theophylline‐loaded pectin‐based hydrogels. II. Effect of concentration of initial pectin solution, crosslinker type and cation concentration of external solution on drug release profile
Authors: Sarioglu Ebru , Arabacioglu Kocaaga Banu , Turan Deniz , Batirel Saime , Guner F. Seniha 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA series of drug‐loaded pectin hydrogels were prepared by mixing method in two ion types, Ca+2 or Zn+2, for wound dressing applications and their drug release performances were investigated at pH 6.4 in four different calcium ion concentrations of external solution. Pectin hydrogels were synthesized in three different concentrations of initial pectin solution and theophylline was used as a model drug. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used for hydrogel characterization. Additionally, fluid handling capacity, swelling behavior, dehydration rate, dispersion characteristic, dressing pH determination, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, surface contact angle, flexibility, mass per unit area, and thickness were determined for selected hydrogels. One of the most valuable contributions of our study is that the concentration of initial pectin solution and calcium ion concentration of external solution are very important parameters to obtain an effective drug release. After evaluating all data, we have shown that flexible and transparent pectin‐based wound dressings can be synthesized as a controlled drug release system. Zinc‐containing hydrogel was antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli but not suitable for cell migration. On the other hand, calcium‐based hydrogel was nontoxic on the fibroblast cells and it had no negative effect on cell migration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48155.
Where are all the bodies?—Defensive representational strategies in a time of cataclysmic change
Authors: Moss Donald 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this essay, the author addresses the enormous challenge of coming to terms with our mental representations of the impending catastrophe associated with climate change. From the morality tale of the Biblical Flood, in which those who sinned by overindulging their instinctual pleasure were destroyed by water, to the current global crisis in which the excesses of unchecked industrialization and greed threaten the world “again,” the “slow violence” we are living through is sparsely represented in the analytic situation. The overwhelming nature of the changes we are witnessing, from pollution, mass extinction, and shrinking land mass, to massive social upheaval, victimizes us all.
N160 of Aiolos Determines its DNA‐Binding Activity
Authors: Wang Hao , Xu Zhao , Du Wei , Lin Zhenzhen , Liu Zhe 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAiolos is a transcription factor of the Ikaros family. It is expressed in lymphocytes and plays a vital role in the development of lymphatic system. Recently, Aiolos has been found to be ectopically expressed in lung cancer cells and promotes cancer metastasis through repression of p66Shc expression. Blocking DNA‐binding activity of Aiolos may benefit cancer patients by preventing further metastasis. However, it is not clear which sequence is essential for its DNA binding. In this study, we found that N160 is a key amino acid to determine the DNA‐binding activity of Aiolos. Mutation of N160A resulted in loss of peripheral heterochromatin localization and dissociation with its target gene. Accordingly, Aiolos with N160A could not change the expression of its target genes. Thus, we identified the amino acid (N160) that is essential for Aiolos binding to DNA. Anat Rec, 302:2014–2019, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Bone Surface Micro‐Topography at Craniofacial Entheses: Insights on Osteogenic Adaptation at Muscle Insertions
Authors: Walters Mark , Crew Michael , Fyfe Georgina 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTMacroscopic details of the bone–muscle interface are represented by a mosaic of calcified features inclusive of fossae, tuberosities, crests, and ridges. These features are in part of an adaptive osteogenic response to dissipate forces of localized mechanical loading. In an osteoarchaeological or paleontological context, these features are interpreted as “musculoskeletal stress markers” to infer habitual behaviors. Microscopic surveys of bone surface topography of the enthesis can reveal localized osteogenic topologies. These features illustrate the developmental mechanisms that produce these bony forms and contribute to an evidential basis to read these structures. Microscopic osteogenic topographies at sites of gnathic muscle attachments located in the craniofacial skeleton were explored in reference to extrapolated loading vectors in an ontogenetic series of craniofacial skeletons of the primate (Procolobus verus). Epoxy resin replicas of bone surfaces were made, and micro‐topographical detail viewed with Scanning Electron Microscope. Osteoclastic bone remodeling was found at entheses associated with presumptive net tensile loading. Mineralized fibrocartilage was present at entheses, associated with presumptive net compressive loading. Collectively, these outcomes suggest that entheses develop through adaptive osteogenic activity in response to differential vectors of local mechanical loading. However, the presence of mineralized fibrocartilage also suggests that proliferative cartilage has a role in the development of bone eminences providing functional processes. This study concludes that the vector of muscle loading at entheses as well as proliferative fibrocartilage is influencing the form of bony eminences in the primate craniofacial skeleton defining functional and species defining morphologies. Anat Rec, 302:2140–2155, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
The Spatial and Temporal Characters of Demyelination and Remyelination in the Cuprizone Animal Model
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Cai Lin , Fan Kai , Fan Bin , Li Ning , Gao Wenting , Yang Xiaohan , Ma Jianmei 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common central nervous system disease due to demyelination in young adults, and currently, there is no cure. Some experimental animal models were generated to mimic specific aspects of MS pathological characteristics. Among them, the cuprizone (CPZ)‐induced mouse demyelination model presents heterogeneous pathologies with both focal and diffuse lesions. Considering that MS is a progressive disease, it is important to study the spatial and temporal characters of de‐ and remyelination in MS animal models. However, such data especially in some brain regions such as lateral septal area, fimbria of hippocampus, and hippocampus are still lacking. In this study, we investigated the alterations of myelin in these areas in parallel to the changes in corpus callosum using coronal sections. We found that the progression of demyelinating varied in different brain regions in C57BL/6J mice treated with CPZ for 1 to 5 weeks. This result suggests that each brain region has a distinct sensitivity to CPZ intoxication. Interestingly, activated microglia appeared not only in the active demyelinating areas but also in the non‐myelinolysis regions. After CPZ withdrawal, significant remyelination was started in corpus callosum as early as 3 days. The completion of remyelination in the entire brain regions took 3 weeks. Our study detailed characterized the dynamics of myelin alterations and microglial status in the brain of the CPZ model. This information is valuable to facilitate further MS studies utilizing the CPZ model. Anat Rec, 302:2020–2029, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Fibrillin‐1 in the Vasculature: In Vivo Accumulation of eGFP‐Tagged Fibrillin‐1 in a Knockin Mouse Model
Authors: Charbonneau Noe L. , Manalo Elise C. , Tufa Sara F. , Carlson Eric J. , Carlberg Valerie M. , Keene Douglas R. , Sakai Lynn Y. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTImmunolocalization studies have shown that fibrillin‐1 is distributed ubiquitously in the connective tissue space from early embryonic times through old age. When mutated, the gene for fibrillin‐1 (FBN1) causes the Marfan syndrome, a common inherited disorder of connective tissue. The multiple manifestations of the Marfan syndrome reflect the known distribution of fibrillin‐1 in cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, ocular, and dermal tissues. In this study, a mouse model of Marfan syndrome in which fibrillin‐1 is truncated and tagged with green fluorescence was used to estimate the relative abundance of fibrillin‐1 in developing tissues. In embryonic tissues, the aorta was the only tissue in which fibrillin‐1 green fluorescence was detectable. Other arteries gained detectable fibrillin‐1 green fluorescence just after birth. Fibrillin‐1 fluorescence was observed at later postnatal times in the lung, skin, perichondrium, tendon, and ocular tissues, while other tissues remained negative. These results indicated that tissues most affected in the Marfan syndrome are the tissues in which fibrillin‐1 is most abundant. Focus was placed on the aorta, since aortic disease is life threatening in the Marfan syndrome and fibrillin‐1 green fluorescence was most abundant in this tissue. Fibrillin‐1 green fluorescence and immunostaining showed that fibrillin‐1 is within aortic medial elastic lamellae. Endothelial‐specific compared to smooth muscle‐specific fibrillin‐1 green fluorescence, together with light microscopic analyses of fragmentation of aortic elastic lamellae, demonstrated that smooth muscle cell mutated fibrillin‐1 contributed most to progressive aortic fragmentation. However, these studies also indicated that other cells, possibly endothelial cells, also contribute to this aortic pathology. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomy Learning from Prosected Cadaveric Specimens Versus Plastic Models: A Comparative Study of Upper Limb Anatomy
Authors: Mitrousias Vasileios , Karachalios Theofilos S. , Varitimidis Sokratis E. , Natsis Konstantinos , Arvanitis Dimitrios L. , Zibis Aristeidis H. 
Published: June 2019

Human cadaveric prosections are a traditional, effective, and highly appreciated modality of anatomy learning. Plastic models are an alternative teaching modality, though few studies examine their effectiveness in learning of upper limb musculoskeletal anatomy. The purpose of this study is to investigate which modality is associated with a better outcome, as assessed by students' performance on examinations. Overall, 60 undergraduate medical students without previous knowledge of anatomy participated in the study. Students were assigned into two groups. Group 1 attended lectures and studied from cadaveric prosections (n = 30) and Group 2 attended lectures and used plastic models in the laboratory (n = 30). A knowledge assessment, including examination with tag questions (spot test) and written multiple‐choice questions, was held after the end of the study. Students' perceptions were also investigated via an anonymous questionnaire. No significant difference in students' performance was observed between the group using prosections and the group using plastic models (32.2 ± 14.7 vs 35.0 ± 14.8, respectively; P = 0.477). Similarly, no statistically significant difference was found regarding students' satisfaction from using each learning modality (P = 0.441). Plastic models may be a valuable supplementary modality in learning upper limb musculoskeletal anatomy, despite their limitations. Easy to use and with no need for maintaining facilities, they are highly appreciated by students and can be useful when preparing for the use of cadaveric specimens.
An Inhibitor of the Interaction of Survivin with Smac in Mitochondria Promotes Apoptosis
Authors: Park Seong‐Hyun , Shin Insu , Park Sang‐Hyun , Kim Nam Doo , Shin Injae 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein we report the first small molecule that disrupts the survivin‐Smac interaction taking place in mitochondria. The inhibitor, PZ‐6‐QN, was identified by initially screening a phenothiazine library using a fluorescence anisotropy assay and then conducting a structure–activity relationship study. Mutagenesis and molecular docking studies suggest that PZ‐6‐QN binds to survivin similarly to the known Smac peptide, AVPI. The results of the effort also show that PZ‐6‐QN exhibits good anticancer activity against various cancer cells. Moreover, cell‐based mechanistic studies provide evidence for the proposal that PZ‐6‐QN enters mitochondria to inhibit the survivin‐Smac interaction and promotes release of Smac and cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, a process that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Overall, the present study suggests that PZ‐6‐QN can serve as a novel chemical probe for study of processes associated with the mitochondrial survivin‐Smac interaction and it will aid the discovery of novel anticancer agents.
The possible role of the Sahel Greenbelt on the occurrence of climate extremes over the West African Sahel
Authors: Saley Inoussa A. , Salack Seyni , Sanda Ibrah S. , Moussa Mounkaila S. , Bonkaney Abdou L. , Ly Mouhamed , Fodé Madé 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe “Great Green Wall” of trees (GGW) is an emblematic Pan‐African initiative of re‐greening the Sahel through afforestation and assisted natural regeneration of trees in order to tackle desertification, soil degradation and to mitigate greenhouse gases. This study investigates (i.e., The Sahel Greenbelt) the potential impacts of the GGW and other assisted natural regeneration of trees on the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events over the Sahel and West Africa using the regional climate model (RegCM version 4.3). Our investigation shows that the Sahel greenbelt would increase significantly the number of rainy days (+9%) and the intensity of heavy rain events over the Sahel while extreme dry spells decrease (−4%). Important shifts appear in the modes of variability of all precipitation indices. These probability distribution shapes reveal tremendous intra‐seasonal variability as the new land use land cover (LULC) changes affect the regional climate. Changes in atmospheric circulation including increase of the moisture convergence and evapotranspiration appeared to be the main drivers of heavy rainfall changes. For temperature extremes, the maximum temperature shows significant decrease around the GGW area during summer and an increase in other seasons while the diurnal temperature range increases significantly without an evident change in temperature trends. Intra‐seasonal distributions of temperature extremes show less obvious changes compared to precipitation extremes. This investigation highlights the role of the planned and implemented re‐greening policies (i.e., afforestation by the GGW project and policies of assisted natural regeneration of trees) in affecting the frequency and the amplitude of some climatic extreme events (e.g., heavy rain events, maximum temperatures, etc.). These planned LULC policies need to be accounted for in the diagnostics and future projections of climate extremes over the region.
Olfactory discrimination in disorders of consciousness: A new sniff protocol
Authors: Sattin Davide , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Ferraro Stefania , Nigri Anna , Leonardi Matilde , Guido Davide ,   Coma Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milan, Italy
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe identification of salient stimuli useful for rehabilitation purposes is important in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC): among these, olfactory stimuli might play an important role due to the functional coupling between olfactory and emotional processing. However, a high percentage of post brain injury patients present anosmia.Aims of the StudyThe aim of this pilot research is to present an innovative approach to test olfactory functions at the bedside using four selected odors in patients with DOC.MethodsSixteen patients with DOC were tested with two assessment techniques the new olfactory discrimination protocol (ODP) and a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to evaluate olfactory neural process. The Frequentist and Bayesian methods were used to analyze reliability properties of the new tool.ResultsAnalysis showed a good agreement between assessment techniques and a substantial test‐retest reliability of the ODP. Cohen's Ks were equal to 0.814 (95% CI = 0.471, 1) and 0.607 (0.118; 1) respectively, using the Frequentist approach, while they were 0.762 (95% HPD = 0.470; 0.966) and 0.650 (0.320; 0.913) with the Bayesian approach in the 11 patients analyzed.ConclusionsDespite the limits of this preliminary research, the ODP can be useful for clinicians for the preliminary assessment of the olfactory discrimination in patients with DOC.
Antioxidant Sources from Leaves of Russian Dandelion
Authors: Molinu Maria Giovanna , Piluzza Giovanna , Campesi Giuseppe , Sulas Leonardo , Re Giovanni Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTaraxacum kok‐saghyz (TKS) is a dandelion species native to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and north‐west China, considered as a promising alternative source of natural rubber from its roots. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible exploitation of TKS leaves, a rubber byproduct, as a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties for potential applications in forage, nutraceutical and pharmacological fields. Two accessions (TKS016, TKS018) grown under Mediterranean conditions of Sardinia were evaluated at vegetative and flowering stages. The leaves of TKS018 had the highest antioxidant capacity (19.6 mmol trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity 100 g−1), total phenolic (106.4 g gallic acid equivalent kg−1), tannic phenolics (58.5 g gallic acid equivalent kg−1) and total flavonoid contents (22.9 g catechin equivalent kg−1). At both phenological stages, TKS016 showed significantly lower values than TKS018 in 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic and tannic phenolics. Six individual molecules were identified, namely chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, caffeic, sinapic, chicoric and 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamic acids. Chicoric (8.53–10.68 g kg−1 DW) and chlorogenic acids (4.18–7.04 g kg−1 DW) were the most abundant. TKS leaves represent a valuable source of chicoric acid with potential application as antioxidant to be used as herbal medicine and nutrition for production of healthy food/feed.
Intravascular iliac artery lithotripsy to enable transfemoral thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Rosseel Liesbeth , De Backer Ole , Søndergaard Lars , Bieliauskas Gintautas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is performed with large‐bore delivery systems. Small‐size access vessels may be a contraindication for TEVAR, particularly in case of severe calcifications. In this case report, we describe the first‐in‐man use of intravascular lithotripsy to enable transfemoral delivery of TEVAR stent grafts in a patient with severely calcified iliac arteries. A 69‐year‐old female with multiple sclerosis and thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) was referred for percutaneous TEVAR. Both common iliac arteries were severely calcified with circumferential calcifications and a minimum diameter below 5.5 mm. In order to enable percutaneous delivery of 20 French Valiant Navion stent grafts (Medtronic), the circumferential calcified plaques were treated by use of a Shockwave™ Peripheral Intravascular Lithotripsy Balloon (Shockwave Medical Inc.). Subsequently, the aortic stent grafts were safely and successfully passed through the iliofemoral artery and the TAA was excluded by TEVAR. Final angiography showed normal flow in the iliofemoral artery without any signs of perforation or overt dissection. This case report demonstrates successful application of intravascular lithotripsy in calcified iliofemoral arteries enabling percutaneous transfemoral TEVAR. If confirmed in future cases and trials, indications for transfemoral TEVAR may further expand toward patients with severely calcified peripheral arterial disease.
Localized lymphedema after treatment for soft tissue sarcoma in the lower limbs: Comparison of improvement according to duration before lymphaticovenular anastomosis
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Koshima Isao , Imai Hirofumi , Uchiki Toshio , Sasaki Ayano , Fujioka Yumio , Nagamatsu Shogo , Yokota Kazunori , Harima Mitsunobu , Yamashita Shuji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSurgically invasive procedures involving the medial knee and inguinal regions can cause lymphedema. Lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) could improve volume reduction and decrease the risk of cellulitis. However, it may be preferable to performed LVA as early as possible to achieve optimal results.