bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between renal function indicators and preeclampsia in the second trimester of pregnancy: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Mingwei , Liu Wei , Fan Xizhenzi , Song Wenhui , Su Achou , Zhang Xue , Zheng Thomas , Yu Tianxiao 
Published: February 2025

Background
To investigate the relationship between serum renal function indicators and preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women at second trimester of pregnancy, determine the optimal critical values of the above indicators, and further identify the independent risk factors of PE.

Methods
We assessed the renal function indicators in second trimesters of 137 pregnant women with PE and 137 normal pregnant women who delivered at Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital between January 2020 to December 2022. Paired t-tests, paired Mann-Whitney U tests, and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences of clinical data between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was employed to establish the optimal critical values of the above indicators. A 1:1 matched case-control logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent risk factors for PE.

Results
The levels of serum uric acid and the ratio of serum uric acid to serum creatinine were significantly higher in the PE group compared to the control (P < 0.001), while the serum creatinine levels were higher in control group (P = 0.002). The incidence of adverse maternal (P < 0.001) and neonatal outcomes (P < 0.001) in the PE group were higher than those in the control group. A ROC analysis based on the occurrence of PE showed that the levels of serum uric acid (P < 0.001), serum creatinine (P = 0.006) and the ratio of serum uric acid to serum creatinine (P < 0.001) were statistically significant. After adjusting for confounding factors, elevated serum uric acid (a OR = 1.012, 95% CI [1.005–1.019], P < 0.001) and an increased serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio (a OR = 1.190, 95% CI [1.053–1.346], P = 0.005) were identified as independent risk factors for PE. There was no significant difference in renal function between maternal and newborn group in relation to the occurrence of adverse outcomes (P > 0.05 vs. all groups).

Conclusions
Through the analysis of renal function indicators in patients with PE in the second trimester of pregnancy and those in a normal control group, it is found that elevated serum uric acid and serum uric acid to serum creatinine ratio in PE individual may serve as indicative markers for the onset of PE. Targeting this subset of the population for monitoring and management during the second trimester could enhance the efficacy of medical interventions.
BANACH SPACES OF CONTINUOUS VECTOR-VALUED FUNCTIONS OF ORDINALS
Authors: Galego Elói Medina 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLet $X$ be a Banach space and $\xi$ an ordinal number. We study some isomorphic classifications of the Banach spaces $X^\xi$ of the continuous $X$-valued functions defined in the interval of ordinals $[1,\xi]$ and equipped with the supremum norm. More precisely, first we use the continuum hypothesis to give an isomorphic classification of $C(I)^\xi$, $\xi\geq\omega_1$. Then we present a characterization of the separable Banach spaces $X$ that are isomorphic to $X^\xi$, $\forall\xi$, $\omega\leq\xi lt \omega_1$. Finally, we show that the isomorphic classifications of $(C(I)\oplus F^*)^\xi$ and $\ell_\infty(\N)^\xi$, where $F$ is the space of Figiel and $\omega\leq\xi lt \omega_1$ are similar to that of $\R^\xi$ given by Bessaga and Pelczynski.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46B03; 46B20; 46E15
Beyond the Household: Marriage, Household Formation and the Role of Kin and Neighbours
Authors: Wall Richard 
Published: July 2002

Autobiographies and diaries have furnished many historians, including those who otherwise eschew qualitative data, with an apposite quote with which to launch their papers. Other historians select extracts from such sources to add colour to arguments advanced initially from the analysis of parish registers or court records. As a major source in their own right, diaries, autobiographies and letters provide the historian with valuable insights into the motivations, conscious or unconscious, of the authors. Such sources are less forthcoming on the perspectives and motivations of other persons whose activities feature in the written record as their motivations have to be teased out from the distorted and necessarily partial account of the author. Nor is it always easy to distinguish exceptional events in the life of a diarist from those which might have been experienced by persons of equivalent status or even more widely. The temptation is to overgeneralize on the basis of limited evidence.Steven King in “Chance Encounters? Paths to Household Formation in Early Modern England”, has chosen to be particularly ambitious, selecting a limited number of diaries and autobiographies to challenge the applicability of the widely held association between the accumulation of economic resources and age at marriage and the claim that couples in deciding to marry assessed the state of their current resources and their future prospects. From this base Dr King launches a further set of hypotheses concerning the involvement of parents in the choice of their child's marriage partner, changes over time in the density and quality of contacts between kin and with neighbours, and the significance of these factors for the decline in the mean age at marriage in England over the course of the eighteenth century.
Sugar formulation effect on available lysine content of dulce de leche
Authors: MALEC LAURA S. , LLOSA RICARDO A. , VIGO MARÍA S. 
Published: July 2002

Dulce de leche is a dairy-based confectionery product, widely consumed in
Argentina and other Latin American countries as filling or topping for desserts, cakes
and biscuits (Hansen, 1978; Bouzas, 1997). It is prepared by heat concentration of
whole milk with added sucrose until it reaches 700 g total solids/kg dulce de leche.
Sucrose is usually partly replaced by other sugars (not more than 400 g/kg of total
sugars added according to Normas Mercosur, 1996) to avoid crystallization. Sodium
bicarbonate is added to prevent coagulation of proteins as the pH of the mixture
decreases and the isoelectric pH of proteins increases during heating.Maillard browning is the main reaction of milk proteins during the manufacture
of dulce de leche. This results in an attractive flavour and colour, but also leads to
less desirable changes, such as loss of nutritional value and formation of toxic
compounds (Rizzi, 1994; Friedman, 1996a). The natural reactants are free amino
groups of milk proteins and lactose. However, as the addition of other reducing
sugars is an accepted practice, the consequences may be quite different depending on
the formulation used. In addition, other reactions leading to crosslinkages between
protein chains contribute to the reduction in nutritional value (Mauron, 1990;
Friedman, 1996b; Finot, 1997). The reduction of nutritional quality of milk proteins
is attributed to the lower digestibility and the biological inactivation or destruction
of essential amino acids. Lysine is the essential amino acid most affected as its free
ε-amino group is very reactive (Hurrell, 1990; Mauron, 1990; Finot, 1997).Several studies have investigated the physical and rheological characteristics
(Pauletti et al. 1984, 1996), sensory properties (Sabioni et al.
1984; Buera et al. 1990; Hough et al. 1990),
sugar composition and microbiological stability (Ferramondo et
al. 1984) of dulce de leche. However, there is little information about the loss in
available lysine during manufacture (Pavlovic et al. 1994).The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the nature and quantity of
various sugars commonly used in the manufacture of dulce de leche on the loss of
available lysine.
Stability of interfacial waves in aluminium reduction cells
Authors: DAVIDSON P. A. , LINDSAY R. I. 
Published: July 2002

We investigate the stability of interfacial waves in
conducting fluids under the influence
of a vertical current density, paying particular attention to aluminium
reduction cells
in which such instabilities are commonly observed. We develop a wave equation

for the interface in which the Lorentz force is expressed explicitly in
terms of the
fluid motion. Our wave equation differs from previous models, most notably
that
developed by Urata (1985), in that earlier formulations rested on a more
complex,
implicit coupling between the fluid motion and the Lorentz force. Our formulation

furnishes a number of quite general stability results without the need
to resort to
Fourier analysis. (The need for Fourier analysis typifies previous studies.)
Moreover,
our equation supports both travelling and standing waves. We investigate
each in turn.We obtain three new results. First, we show that travelling waves may
become
unstable in the presence of a uniform, vertical magnetic field. (Our travelling
waves are
quite different to those discovered by previous investigators (Sneyd 1985
and Moreau
& Ziegler 1986) which require more complex magnetic fields to become
unstable.)
Second, in line with previous studies we confirm that standing waves may
also become
unstable. In this context we derive a simple energy criterion which shows
which types
of motion may extract energy from the background magnetic field. This indicates

that a rotating, tilted interface is particularly prone to instability,
and indeed such a
motion is often seen in practice. Finally, we use Gershgorin's theorem
to produce a
sufficient condition for the stability of standing waves in a finite domain.
This allows
us to place a lower bound on the critical value of the background magnetic
field at
which an instability first appears, without solving the governing equations
of motion.
Linguists play catchup with evolution
Authors: BICKERTON DEREK 
Published: July 2002

Donald Loritz, How the brain evolved language. New York & Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1999. Pp. 227.Lyle Jenkins, Biolinguistics : exploring the biology of language. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii+264.In the course of reviewing recent books on the evolution of language and
communication (Dunbar 1996, Hauser 1996, Deacon 1997) I have had
occasion to note that relatively few writers on these topics know much about
linguistics, and to wish that more of them did. I should have remembered the
old adage that one shouldn't wish for things - one might get them.For more than a century, linguists honored the Linguistic Society of
Paris's ban on all discussion of language evolution; other disciplines went
ahead with it regardless. Now that the centrality of language evolution to any
study of our species is becoming apparent, linguists are desperately trying to
play catchup, and the two volumes reviewed here both appeared in the last
couple of years. Both authors are linguists, albeit hyphenated ones. Donald
Loritz teaches computational linguistics at Georgetown University; his
doctorate was in psycholinguistics. Lyle Jenkins works in the Biolinguistics
Institute in Cambridge, MA; however, his doctorate was in unhyphenated
linguistics. It would be difficult to find two authors whose ideas were more
diametrically opposed.
Managing multiple minority problems in a divided society: the
Nigerian experience
Authors: Osaghae Eghosa E. 
Published: July 2002

The management of ethnic problems has tended to be complicated
by
the complex ethnic situations which give rise to them. It is known for

example that ethnicity rarely exists in a pure form, being usually
combined with other conflict-generating cleavages, such as religion,
race, class and regionalism, in mutually reinforcing ways. Ethnicity is

also situational, fluid and intermittent, while ethnic boundaries are
constantly changing. In addition, levels of ethnic consciousness and
political mobilisation differ among groups, for reasons of different
perceptions of relative privileges or deprivation, history of inter-group

relations, effects of state policies or actions, dispositions and strategies

adopted by other competing groups, and so on. For these and other
reasons, common stimuli like democratisation, economic prosperity or
decline, and transformatory social processes, all of which impact on
ethnicity, produce different effects on ethnic groups.These differences and complexities have implications for the
management of ethnic problems and conflicts. For one thing, ethnic
conflicts tend to be intractable, especially where their management
does not take full account of their complexity. The temptation to
proffer catch-all management formulae, such as federalism, bills of
rights, secularity and so on, as if all ethnic conflicts can be dealt with

uniformly or in one fell swoop, is the product of the fallacy of
oversimplification. It goes without saying that conflict situations must

be properly understood for the appropriate ‘therapies’ to be
formulated
and applied. If this is done, it will be found that more nuanced solutions

are required to cope with the demands of the complex situations.
Multidimensional simple waves in gas dynamics
Authors: WEBB G. M. , RATKIEWICZ R. , BRIO M. , ZANK G. P. 
Published: July 2002

A formalism for multidimensional simple waves in gas dynamics using
ideas
developed by Boillat is investigated. For simple-wave solutions, the physical

variables depend on a single function (r, t).

The wave phase (r, t) is implicitly
determined by an equation of the form
f( )=r·n( )−λ( )t,

where n( ) denotes
the normal to the wave front, λ is the characteristic speed of the
wave mode of
interest, r is the position vector, t is the time,
and the function f( ) determines
whether the wave is a centred (f( )=0) or a non-centred
(f( )≠0) wave.
Examples are given of time-dependent vortex waves, shear waves and sound

waves in one or two space dimensions. The streamlines for the wave reduce
to
two coupled ordinary differential equations in which the wave phase
plays the
role of a parameter along the streamlines. The streamline equations are

expressed in Hamiltonian form. The roles of Clebsch variables, Lagrangian

variables, Hamiltonian formulations and characteristic surfaces are briefly

discussed.
Backward masking task performance in stable, euthymic out-patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: MACQUEEN G. M. , YOUNG L. T. , GALWAY T. M. , JOFFE R. T. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Several studies have suggested that visual backward masking (VBM) impairment is present in patients with bipolar disorder, but the clinical features, such as current symptoms, treatment status and past burden of illness that may contribute to the impairment have not been well described. This study examined well-characterized euthymic patients on two VBM tasks to ascertain the extent of VBM impairment in this group and the clinical correlates of this impairment.Method. Twenty-eight euthymic patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder were matched by age, sex and IQ with 28 non-psychiatric control subjects. Both groups completed two VBM tasks; one required subjects to locate the target stimulus, one required identification of the target stimulus. Reaction times and error rates across a range of target-mask inter-stimulus intervals were assessed.Results. Patients were significantly slower and had more errors on both VBM tasks. There was a significant relation between reaction times on the identification task and past burden of illness, particularly past number of depressions. There was no discernible impact of treatment status on reaction time or performance, including no difference in lithium-treated versus not treated subjects.Conclusions. These results are consistent with previous reports of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic bipolar disorder patients. The potential benefit to employing tasks such as VBM is that it may provide a method for relating clinical variables such as illness burden with known neural pathways in order to elucidate better the pathophysiology leading to impaired cognitive performance in patients with bipolar disorder.
Mild mental retardation: psychosocial functioning in adulthood
Authors: MAUGHAN B. , COLLISHAW S. , PICKLES A. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Evidence on the adult adaptation of individuals
with mild mental retardation (MMR)
is sparse, and knowledge of the factors associated with more and less successful
functioning in
MMR samples yet more limited.Method. Prospective data from the National Child Development
Study were used to examine social
circumstances and psychosocial functioning in adulthood in individuals
with MMR and in a non-retarded
comparison group.Results. For many individuals with MMR, living circumstances
and social conditions in adulthood
were poor and potential stressors high. Self-reports of psychological distress
in adulthood were
markedly elevated, but relative rates of psychiatric service use fell between
childhood and
adulthood, as reflected in attributable risks. Childhood family and social
disadvantage accounted
for some 20–30% of variations between MMR and non-retarded samples
on a range of adult
outcomes. Early social adversity also played a significant role in contributing
to variations in
functioning within the MMR sample.Conclusions. MMR appears to be associated with substantial
continuing impairment for many
individuals.
Méthode de martingales et flot géodésique sur une surface de courbure constante négative
Authors: CONZE J.-P. , LE BORGNE S. 
Published: July 2002

Let ({\cal T}^1 S, m, (T^t){t \in \mathbb{R}}) be the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle of a surface S of negative constant curvature and finite volume. We show that every Hölder function on {\cal T}^1 S is, for the discrete time action of the geodesic flow, homologous to a martingale increment. From this representation follow the central limit theorem and its improvements, and a characterization of Hölder functions which are coboundaries in the class of measurable functions.Soit ({\cal T}^1 S, m, (T^t)_{t \in \mathbb{R}}) le flot géodésique sur le fibré unitaire d'une surface S de courbure négative constante de volume fini. Nous montrons que toute fonction höldérienne sur {\cal T}^1 S est, pour l'action du flot géodésique à temps discret, homologue à un accroissement de martingale. Cette représentation permet d'obtenir le théorème de la limite centrale et ses extensions, et de caractériser les fonctions höldériennes qui sont des cobords dans la classe des fonctions mesurables.
SYMORO+: A system for the
symbolic modelling of robots
Authors: Khalil Wisama , Creusot Denis 
Published: July 2002

This paper presents the software package SYMORO+ for the automatic
symbolic modelling of robots. This package permits to generate the direct
geometric model, the inverse geometric model, the direct kinematic model, the
inverse kinematic model, the dynamic model, and the inertial parameters
identification models.The structure of the robots can be serial, tree
structure or containing closed loops. The package runs on Sun stations and PC
computers, it has been developed under MATHEMATICA and C
language. In this paper we give an overview of the algorithms used in the
different models; the computational cost of the dynamic models of the PUMA
robot are given.
Redundancy coordination of multiple robotic devices for welding through genetic

algorithm
Authors: Wu L. , Cui K. , Chen S. B. 
Published: July 2002

In this paper

we consider the problem of coordinating multiple motion devices for

welding. We focus on the problem of coordinating a three-axis

positioning table and a six-axis manipulator. The problem is complex

as there are nine axes involved and a number of

permutations are possible which achieve the same movements of the

weld torch. The system is redundant and the robot has

singular configurations. As a result, manual programming of the robot

system is rather difficult to complete.Our approach to the coordination

problem is based on a subdivision of tasks. The welding

table is coordinated to align the weld point surface to

be anti-parallel to the gravity direction. The six-axis robot is

constrained to move the weld torch along the weld trajectory.

Robot coordination is achieved by placing the positioning table in

a good maneuverability position, i.e. far from its singular configurations

and far from the motion limits of the six-axis arm

and the motion limits of the track. While considering multiple

criteria, including the welding orientation, a Genetic Algorithm was employed

to globally optimize six relevant redundant degrees of the multiple

robotic system for welding. The joint angles of the arm

were generated by inverse kinematics. Our method of redundancy coordination

is superior to pseudo-inverse techniques, for it is more global

and accurate.
Autonomous linguistic systems in the language
of young children
Authors: LEVY YONATA 
Published: July 2002

This paper considers cross-linguistic findings
concerning the early
development of formal, arbitrary, grammatical systems in normal
hearing and deaf children and in children with congenital
brain abnormalities. The paper reviews evidence showing
an early acquisition of
grammatical forms. Such learning is typically dissociated from the
development of the relevant semantics. Form–function
correspondences were not required for the development of
morphological paradigms and
for certain aspects of formal syntax. This finding held
across all the populations studied.It is hypothesized that the autonomous nature of these formal
paradigms accounts for their priority in learning
cross-linguistically.