bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Evlaution of Novel Pyrazoline Derivatives
Authors: Revanasiddappa BC , Jisha MS , Kumar M Vijay , Kumar Hemanth 
Published: December 2018

A new series of chalcones (2a-j) were prepared by reacting substituted aldehydes and substituted ketones in alcohol medium in presence of NaOH. The chalcones underwent selective cyclization with guanicol hydrazide (1) in glacial acetic acid medium to yield the title compounds 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazolines (3a-j). The new compounds were characterized on the basis of 1H-NMR, IR and mass spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some of the tested compounds 3a and 3e showed good activity against bacterial strains and compounds 3d and 3h revealed good activity against fungal strains.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 221-226, 2018 (December)
Antinociceptive and Anthelmintic Activities of Leaves of Leea aequata
Authors: Halder Sushanta , Saqueeb Nazmus , Qais Nazmul 
Published: December 2018

The objective of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anthelmintic activities of the crude methanol extract of leaves of Leea aequata and its fractions. The crude extract and its fractions at 200- and 400-mg/kg bw were subjected to assay for their antinociceptive activity using acetic acid induced writhing and radiant heat tail flicking methods. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction at 400 mg/kg bw induced 40.97% inhibition of writhing in mice while the carbon tetrachloride and chloroform soluble fractions of crude extract at the same dose displayed activity with 40.28% inhibition of writhing as compared to standard diclofenac sodium. The crude extract elongated the reaction time by 57.04% after 30 minute of administration in radiant heat tail flicking method, which suggested the central antinociceptive activity as compared to morphine. The methanol extract of the leaves of L. aequata exhibited profound anthelmintic activity in a dose dependent manner with shortest time of paralysis and death at 100 mg/ml concentration. It caused paralysis of the earthworm Pheretima posthuma at 9.44 min and death at 12.9 min when compared to the standard drug albendazole, which at 10 mg/ml concentration revealed the same at 8.21 minutes and 11.18 minutes, respectively.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 251-255, 2018 (December)
KMT-2016-BLG-1107: A New Hollywood-planet Close/Wide Degeneracy
Authors: Hwang Kyu-Ha , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Han Cheongho , Jung Youn Kil , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We show that microlensing event KMT-2016-BLG-1107 displays a new type of degeneracy between wide-binary and close-binary Hollywood events in which a giant-star source envelops the planetary caustic. The planetary anomaly takes the form of a smooth, two-day “bump” far out on the falling wing of the light curve, which can be interpreted either as the source completely enveloping a minor-image caustic due to a close companion with mass ratio q = 0.036, or partially enveloping a major-image caustic due to a wide companion with q = 0.004. The best estimates of the companion masses are both in the planetary regime (

and

) but differ by an even larger factor than the mass ratios due to different inferred host masses. We show that the two solutions can be distinguished by high-resolution imaging at first light on next-generation (“30 m”) telescopes. We provide analytic guidance to understand the conditions under which this new type of degeneracy can appear.
Study of Timing Evolution from Nonvariable to Structured Large-amplitude Variability Transition in GRS 1915 + 105 Using AstroSat
Authors: Rawat Divya , Pahari Mayukh , Yadav J. S. , Jain Pankaj , Misra Ranjeev , Bagri Kalyani , Katoch Tilak , Agrawal P. C. , Manchanda R. K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this work, we present a ∼90 ks continuous monitoring of the Galactic microquasar GRS 1915 + 105 with AstroSat when the source undergoes a major transition from a nonvariable, χ class (similar to radio-quiet χ class) to a structured, large-amplitude, periodic heartbeat state (similar to ρ class). We show that such a transition takes place via an intermediate state when the large-amplitude, irregular variability of the order of hundreds of seconds in the soft X-ray band turned into 100–150 s regular, structured, nearly periodic flares. The properties of strong low-frequency (LF) quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the frequency range 3–5 Hz also evolve marginally during these variability transitions. We also study time-lag and rms spectra at the QPO and harmonic component and the dynamic power spectra. We note a few important differences between the heartbeat state and the ρ class. Interestingly, the time-averaged LF QPO properties in the hard X-ray band are relatively stable in three states when compared to the significant evolution observed in the slow variability properties at millihertz frequencies. Such relative stability of LF QPOs implies that the inner disk-corona coupled accretion flow, which determines the LF QPO properties, may be uninterrupted by the launch of long, large-amplitude flares.
The use of Microsatellite Markers in Genetic Variation Analysis of Some Introduced Rubber Tree (<em>Hevea brasiliensis</em>) Clones Cultivated in Ghana
Authors: Antwi-Wiredu A , Amiteye S. , Asare A. T. , Kusi-Adjei R. , Diawuoh R. G. , Aryee C. O. , Klu G. Y. P. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: Genetic makers are indispensable in the genetic quantification and characterization of plant species of which rubber tree is no exception. Markers have been used severally in genetic identification and diversity analysis of rubber tree species. However, in Ghana genetic diversity and relatedness among introduced rubber tree species are limited. The study is aimed to use microsatellite markers to assess the genetic variability and evaluate genetic relationships among clones of Hevea brasiliensis cultivated in Ghana.Research Method: Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh rubber leaves following the Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) protocol. The five (5) different SSR primers used for the analysis were hmct1, hmac4, hmct5, gSSR212 and gSSR194.Findings: The five SSR markers showed some degree of relatedness among the rubber clones which suggested genetic similarity (IRCA317-5, IRCA41-2, IRCA331-6, IRCA230-4, IRCA109-3, and B8-23) and diversity (K2-18, IRCA840-7, PB217-8, PB217-10, and IRCA317-16) among the clones irrespective of their geographical area of collection.Research Limitation: The unavailability of polivinylpolipyrolidon (PVPP) and polyacrylamide gel (PAGE).Original Value: The results from the study depict that relatively some rubber clones of interest could be selected for future breeding and propagation programmes in Ghana.
Physiological Characterization and Genetic Diversity Assessment of the Rhizobial Populations Inhabiting <em>Gliricidia sepium</em> in selected Locations of Ampara District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Nawanjana P. W. I. , Rajapakse Sanath 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: Gliricidia sepium is a wide spread multipurpose legume plant which is effective in nitrogen fixation and host to many Rhizobial strains. However, few studies have been carried out to identify and characterize the Rhizobial populations inhabiting G. sepium in Sri Lanka. The main objective of this study was to isolate and identify the stress tolerant Rhizobial strains in G. sepium. Research Method: Root nodules of G. sepium were collected from seven locations in Ampara district, which belongs to dry zone in Sri Lanka. Total of 35 isolates were screened for the tolerance for different pH, salinity, drought conditions and temperatures separately as well as in combinations. Genetic diversity of stress tolerant isolates was assessed using ERIC fingerprinting.Findings: All isolates were grown under wide range of stress conditions. The Rhizobial strains isolated from the site closer to the coast showed a high tolerance for all salinity levels as they are adapted to the high salt stress experienced in their natural habitat. The growth response to drought conditions and temperature was variable. Moreover, 14 isolates showed a high tolerance for more than two extreme stress conditions. When extreme conditions were combined, 12 isolates among 14 were survived. These 14 isolates grouped in to ten clusters at 69% similarity coefficient that make them genetically diverse. Research Limitation: The stress tolerance was observed under laboratory conditions and it does not provide enough evidence for the effectiveness of selected isolates in field.Original Value: The 14 stress tolerant Rhizobial isolates can be used to cross inoculate crop legumes to identify possible cross inoculation groups in order to reduce nitrogen fertilizer usage.
Imperativos, normas y verdad | Imperatives, norms and truth.
Authors: Ibáñez Macías Antonio 
Published: December 2018

Resumen: Antes de emprender el análisis lógico de las normas jurídicas constitucionales, o de las normas en general, es preciso intentar resolver una cuestión previa que afecta a la posibilidad de existencia de una lógica de las normas: el dilema de Jørgensen. Nuestra propuesta de solución de este dilema es la siguiente: las normas son expresiones performativas. Al mismo tiempo, las expresiones performativas son enunciados que tienen valor de verdad. Además, las normas jurídicas son enunciados del tipo “A dice p”, lo que explica que puedan existir normas verdaderas y, al mismo tiempo, contradictorias entre sí.
Abstract: Before embarking on the logical analysis of constitutional legal norms or norms in general, it is necessary to try to resolve a previous question that affects the possibility of the existence of a logic of norms: the Jørgensen’s dilemma.Our proposed solution to this dilemma is as follows: norms are performative utterances. At the same time, performative utterances are statements that have truth value. In addition, the legal norms are statements of type “A says p”, which explains that there may be true norms and, at the same time, contradictory to each other.
Metadata
Authors: Pomerantz Jeffrey 
Published: December 2018

Everything we need to know about metadata, the usually invisible infrastructure for information with which we interact every day.
When “metadata” became breaking news, appearing in stories about surveillance by the National Security Agency, many members of the public encountered this once-obscure term from information science for the first time. Should people be reassured that the NSA was “only” collecting metadata about phone calls—information about the caller, the recipient, the time, the duration, the location—and not recordings of the conversations themselves? Or does phone call metadata reveal more than it seems? In this book, Jeffrey Pomerantz offers an accessible and concise introduction to metadata.
In the era of ubiquitous computing, metadata has become infrastructural, like the electrical grid or the highway system. We interact with it or generate it every day. It is not, Pomerantz tell us, just “data about data.” It is a means by which the complexity of an object is represented in a simpler form. For example, the title, the author, and the cover art are metadata about a book. When metadata does its job well, it fades into the background; everyone (except perhaps the NSA) takes it for granted.
Pomerantz explains what metadata is, and why it exists. He distinguishes among different types of metadata—descriptive, administrative, structural, preservation, and use—and examines different users and uses of each type. He discusses the technologies that make modern metadata possible, and he speculates about metadata's future. By the end of the book, readers will see metadata everywhere. Because, Pomerantz warns us, it's metadata's world, and we are just living in it.
Decoding the Social World
Authors: González-Bailón Sandra 
Published: December 2018

How data science and the analysis of networks help us solve the puzzle of unintended consequences.
Social life is full of paradoxes. Our intentional actions often trigger outcomes that we did not intend or even envision. How do we explain those unintended effects and what can we do to regulate them? In Decoding the Social World, Sandra González-Bailón explains how data science and digital traces help us solve the puzzle of unintended consequences—offering the solution to a social paradox that has intrigued thinkers for centuries. Communication has always been the force that makes a collection of people more than the sum of individuals, but only now can we explain why: digital technologies have made it possible to parse the information we generate by being social in new, imaginative ways. And yet we must look at that data, González-Bailón argues, through the lens of theories that capture the nature of social life. The technologies we use, in the end, are also a manifestation of the social world we inhabit.
González-Bailón discusses how the unpredictability of social life relates to communication networks, social influence, and the unintended effects that derive from individual decisions. She describes how communication generates social dynamics in aggregate (leading to episodes of “collective effervescence”) and discusses the mechanisms that underlie large-scale diffusion, when information and behavior spread “like wildfire.” She applies the theory of networks to illuminate why collective outcomes can differ drastically even when they arise from the same individual actions. By opening the black box of unintended effects, González-Bailón identifies strategies for social intervention and discusses the policy implications—and how data science and evidence-based research embolden critical thinking in a world that is constantly changing.
Cultural Code
Authors: Penix-Tadsen Phillip 
Published: December 2018

How culture uses games and how games use culture: an examination of Latin America's gaming practices and the representation of the region's cultures in games.
Video games are becoming an ever more ubiquitous element of daily life, played by millions on devices that range from smart phones to desktop computers. An examination of this phenomenon reveals that video games are increasingly being converted into cultural currency. For video game designers, culture is a resource that can be incorporated into games; for players, local gaming practices and specific social contexts can affect their playing experiences. In Cultural Code, Phillip Penix-Tadsen shows how culture uses games and how games use culture, looking at examples related to Latin America. Both static code and subjective play have been shown to contribute to the meaning of games; Penix-Tadsen introduces culture as a third level of creating meaning.
Penix-Tadsen focuses first on how culture uses games, looking at the diverse practices of play in Latin America, the ideological and intellectual uses of games, and the creative and economic possibilities opened up by video games in Latin America—the evolution of regional game design and development. Examining how games use culture, Penix-Tadsen discusses in-game cultural representations of Latin America in a range of popular titles (pointing out, for example, appearances of Rio de Janeiro's Christ the Redeemer statue in games from Call of Duty to the tourism-promoting Brasil Quest). He analyzes this through semiotics, the signifying systems of video games and the specific signifiers of Latin American culture; space, how culture is incorporated into different types of game environments; and simulation, the ways that cultural meaning is conveyed procedurally and algorithmically through gameplay mechanics.
Shifting Practices
Authors: Lanzara Giovan Francesco 
Published: December 2018

How disruptions and discontinuities caused by the introduction of new technologies often reveal aspects of practice not previously observed.
What happens in an established practice or work setting when a novel artifact or tool for doing work changes the familiar work routines? Any unexpected event, or change, or technological innovation creates a discontinuity; organizations and individuals must reframe taken-for-granted assumptions and practices and reposition themselves. To study innovation as a phenomenon, then, we must search for situations of discontinuity and rupture and explore them in depth. In Shifting Practices, Giovan Francesco Lanzara does just that, and discovers that disruptions and discontinuities caused by the introduction of new technologies often reveal aspects of practice not previously observed.
After discussing methodological and research issues, Lanzara presents two in-depth studies focusing on processes of design and innovation in two different practice settings: music education and criminal justice. In the first, he works with the music department of a major American university to develop Music LOGO, a computer system that allows students to explore musical structures with simple, composition-like exercises and experiments. In the second, he works with the Italian court system in the design and use of video technology for criminal trials. In both cases, drawing on anecdotes and examples as well as theory and analysis, he traces the new systems from design through implementation and adoption. Finally, Lanzara considers the researcher's role, and the relationship—encompassing empathy, vulnerability, and temporality—between the reflective researcher and actors in the practice setting.
Attunement
Authors: Pérez-Gómez Alberto 
Published: December 2018

How architecture can move beyond the contemporary enthusiasms for the technically sustainable and the formally dazzling to enhance our human values and capacities.
Architecture remains in crisis, its social relevance lost between the two poles of formal innovation and technical sustainability. In Attunement, Alberto Pérez-Gómez calls for an architecture that can enhance our human values and capacities, an architecture that is connected—attuned—to its location and its inhabitants. Architecture, Pérez-Gómez explains, operates as a communicative setting for societies; its beauty and its meaning lie in its connection to human health and self-understanding.
Our physical places are of utmost importance for our well-being. Drawing on recent work in embodied cognition, Pérez-Gómez argues that the environment, including the built environment, matters not only as a material ecology but because it is nothing less than a constituent part of our consciousness. To be fully self-aware, we need an external environment replete with meanings and emotions.
Pérez-Gómez views architecture through the lens of mood and atmosphere, linking these ideas to the key German concept of Stimmung—attunement—and its roots in Pythagorean harmony and Vitruvian temperance or proportion. He considers the primacy of place over space; the linguistic aspect of architecture—the voices of architecture and the voice of the architect; architecture as a multisensory (not pictorial) experience, with Piranesi, Ledoux, and Hejduk as examples of metaphorical modeling; and how Stimmung might be put to work today to realize the contemporary possibilities of attunement.
Information and Society
Authors: Buckland Michael 
Published: December 2018

A short, informal account of our ever-increasing dependence on a complex multiplicity of messages, records, documents, and data.
We live in an information society, or so we are often told. But what does that mean? This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers a concise, informal account of the ways in which information and society are related and of our ever-increasing dependence on a complex multiplicity of messages, records, documents, and data. Using information in its everyday, nonspecialized sense, Michael Buckland explores the influence of information on what we know, the role of communication and recorded information in our daily lives, and the difficulty (or ease) of finding information. He shows that all this involves human perception, social behavior, changing technologies, and issues of trust.
Buckland argues that every society is an “information society”; a “non-information society” would be a contradiction in terms. But the shift from oral and gestural communication to documents, and the wider use of documents facilitated by new technologies, have made our society particularly information intensive. Buckland describes the rising flood of data, documents, and records, outlines the dramatic long-term growth of documents, and traces the rise of techniques to cope with them. He examines the physical manifestation of information as documents, the emergence of data sets, and how documents and data are discovered and used. He explores what individuals and societies do with information; offers a basic summary of how collected documents are arranged and described; considers the nature of naming; explains the uses of metadata; and evaluates selection methods, considering relevance, recall, and precision.
Communism for Kids
Authors: Adamczak Bini 
Published: December 2018

Communism, capitalism, work, crisis, and the market, described in simple storybook terms and illustrated by drawings of adorable little revolutionaries.
Once upon a time, people yearned to be free of the misery of capitalism. How could their dreams come true? This little book proposes a different kind of communism, one that is true to its ideals and free from authoritarianism. Offering relief for many who have been numbed by Marxist exegesis and given headaches by the earnest pompousness of socialist politics, it presents political theory in the simple terms of a children's story, accompanied by illustrations of lovable little revolutionaries experiencing their political awakening.
It all unfolds like a story, with jealous princesses, fancy swords, displaced peasants, mean bosses, and tired workers–not to mention a Ouija board, a talking chair, and a big pot called “the state.” Before they know it, readers are learning about the economic history of feudalism, class struggles in capitalism, different ideas of communism, and more. Finally, competition between two factories leads to a crisis that the workers attempt to solve in six different ways (most of them borrowed from historic models of communist or socialist change). Each attempt fails, since true communism is not so easy after all. But it's also not that hard. At last, the people take everything into their own hands and decide for themselves how to continue. Happy ending? Only the future will tell. With an epilogue that goes deeper into the theoretical issues behind the story, this book is perfect for all ages and all who desire a better world.