bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early prediction of the outcome of Kickstarter campaigns: is the success due to virality?
Authors: Kindler Alex , Golosovsky Michael , Solomon Sorin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe spread of information, opinions, preferences, and behavior across social media is a crucial feature of the current functioning of our economy, politics, and culture. One of the emerging channels for spreading social collective action and funding of novelty in all these domains is Crowdfunding on various platforms such as Kickstarter, Indiegogo, Sellaband, and may others. The exact spreading mechanism of this collective action is not well-understood. The general belief is that virality plays a crucial role. Namely, the common hypothesis is that the information or behavior propagates through individuals affecting one another, presumably, through the links connecting them in social networks. The aim of our study is to find out the actual spreading mechanism in one particular case: spread of financial support for individual Kickstarter campaigns. To our surprise, our studies show that “virality” plays here only a minor role. We used this result to construct a simple behavior-grounded stochastic predictor of the success of Kickstarter campaigns which is not based on the viral mechanism. The crucial feature of the model underlying the prediction algorithm is that the success of a campaign depends less on the backers influencing one another (“virality”) but rather on the campaign appealing to a particular class of high-pledge backers. This appeal is usually revealed at the very beginning of the campaign and it is an excellent success predictor. The case of Kickstarter is consistent with a recently proposed generic hypothesis that popularity in social media arises more from independent responses by individuals belonging to a large homophily class rather than from percolation, self-exciting processes, and other cooperative mechanisms resulting from mutual influence between individuals. Thus, the very concept of “virality”, which implies contagion between participating individuals, plays only a minor role in the success mechanism proposed hereby. A more appropriate term for the mechanism underlying the social success in our model could be “social appeal” or “social fitness”.
IKKβ slows Huntington’s disease progression in R6/1 mice
Authors: Ochaba Joseph , Fote Gianna , Kachemov Marketta , Thein Soe , Yeung Sylvia Y. , Lau Alice L. , Hernandez Sarah , Lim Ryan G. , Casale Malcolm , Neel Michael J. , Monuki Edwin S. , Reidling Jack , Housman David E. , Thompson Leslie M. , Steffan Joan S. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a polyglutamine repeat within the huntingtin (HTT) protein. A normal function of HTT is that of a scaffold for selective autophagy, a mechanism of protein and organelle degradation by the lysosome required for neuronal health. Here, we show that the inflammatory IκB kinase (IKK) kinase subunit IKKβ may function in vivo to regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of HTT at serine 13 and through the activation of autophagy gene expression. IKKβ is required to slow HD behavioral progression and to suppress neurodegeneration and microglial activation in HD transgenic mice. Our work suggests that the early activation of IKK may be protective to activate autophagy, thereby slowing HD progression.
In vivo evidence for dysregulation of mGluR5 as a biomarker of suicidal ideation
Authors: Davis Margaret T. , Hillmer Ansel , Holmes Sophie E. , Pietrzak Robert H. , DellaGioia Nicole , Nabulsi Nabeel , Matuskey David , Angarita Gustavo A. , Carson Richard E. , Krystal John H. , Esterlis Irina 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an important risk factor for suicidal ideation, attempts, and death by suicide. Understanding of the biology underlying suicidality in PTSD is limited. In this study, we used positron emission tomography to evaluate the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) as a potential treatment target and biomarker of suicidal ideation in individuals with PTSD and major depressive disorder (MDD). We found higher availability of mGluR5 in individuals with PTSD relative to healthy control and MDD groups. Furthermore, higher mGluR5 availability was associated with scan-day suicidal ideation among individuals with PTSD, but not MDD. Findings identify mGluR5 as a biomarker for intervention and potentially suicide risk management in PTSD.
EHMT2 and SETDB1 protect the maternal pronucleus from 5mC oxidation
Authors: Zeng Tie-Bo , Han Li , Pierce Nicholas , Pfeifer Gerd P. , Szabó Piroska E. 
Published: May 2019

SignificanceThe most important task of the mammalian zygote is to globally remodel its epigenome. Chromosomes that carried out sperm or oocyte functions are remodeled toward directing the unique totipotent state that characterizes the healthy preimplantation-stage embryo. The guiding differences in cell functions are marked on the chromosomes by interdependent epigenetic modifications including histone and DNA methylation, which both undergo global changes in the zygote. By performing genetic experiments, we found that two maternally supplied histone methyltransferase enzymes play important roles in the zygote in specifying the process of global DNA remodeling by 5-methylcytosine oxidation.
Early detonation by sprouted mossy fibers enables aberrant dentate network activity
Authors: Hendricks William D. , Westbrook Gary L. , Schnell Eric 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Sprouted mossy fibers are one of the hallmark histopathological findings in experimental and human temporal lobe epilepsy. These fibers form recurrent excitatory synapses onto other dentate granule cells that display profound short-term depression. Here, however, we show that although these sprouted mossy fibers weaken substantially during repetitive activation, their initial high probability of glutamate release can activate reverberant network activity. Furthermore, we find that a lack of tonic adenosine inhibition enables this high probability of release and, consequently, recurrent network activity.
Dynamic microscale flow patterning using electrical modulation of zeta potential
Authors: Paratore Federico , Bacheva Vesna , Kaigala Govind V. , Bercovici Moran 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Traditional microfluidic devices make use of physical channels and mechanical actuators, in which geometries and functionalities are intimately related to one another, i.e., changing the flow field requires change at the mechanical level. In this work, we introduce a concept in which a microfluidic chamber with no preset structures or active mechanical components can be dynamically configured to produce desired flow fields.
An ammonite trapped in Burmese amber
Authors: Yu Tingting , Thomson Ulysses , Mu Lin , Ross Andrew , Kennedy Jim , Broly Pierre , Xia Fangyuan , Zhang Haichun , Wang Bo , Dilcher David 
Published: May 2019

SignificanceAquatic organisms are rarely found in amber, but when they occur they provide invaluable evidence for the better understanding of amber taphonomy and past ecosystems. We report an ammonite and several marine gastropods alongside a mixed assemblage of intertidal and terrestrial forest floor organisms in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Our discovery indicates that the Burmese amber forest was living near a dynamic and shifting coastal environment. The ammonite also provides supporting evidence for the age of the amber, which is still debated, and represents a rare example of dating using fossils present inside the amber.
Estilo indirecto en la mediación interlingüística, intercultural y social del español al alemán
Authors: Vilar Sánchez Karin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The role of the interlinguistic-intercultural and social mediator (IISM) is acquiring increasing relevance in
societies that receive immigrants. Nevertheless, training has not yet been regulated. This article analyses the specific
linguistic needs and practices of such mediators in the context of Spanish speaking immigration to German speaking countries. It
can be observed that not only does the IISM require specialised linguistic terminology but also specialised training at the level
of communicative functions. This article examines one highly relevant example of such communicative functions, that of indirect
speech. In German, indirect speech is rich in expressive complexity and diversity. This means that from a Spanish-German
comparative viewpoint this aspect is particularly sensitive and merits special emphasis in the training of the IISM.
Commentary: Cancer Survivorship and Subclinical Myocardial Damage
Authors: Coughlin Steven S , Kapuku Gaston 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The rate of cardiovascular disease among cancer survivors is higher than in the general population. This difference is due to traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and also to the cardiotoxicity of cancer treatment. In a population-based cohort study of 3,512 men and women who were free of CVD at visit 5 of a large, community-based cohort study, Florido et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(12):2188–2195) evaluated the association of cancer survivorship with subclinical myocardial damage, as assessed by elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT). Cancer survivors had significantly higher odds of elevated hs-cTnT (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.53). Results were similar for survivors of non-sex-related and colorectal cancers. There was no association between survivorship from breast and prostate cancers and elevated hs-cTnT. The findings of Florido et al. indicate that survivors of some cancers might be more likely to have elevated hs-cTnT than patients without prior cancer. These findings have important implications because identifying cancer survivors who have elevated CVD risk is of paramount importance in order to prevent CVD manifestations such as heart attack, congestive heart failure, or stroke. Additional research is needed to clarify the associations of elevated hs-cTnT levels among survivors of specific cancer sites, stage at diagnosis, and histologic types.
How are pollinators guided by colourful floral structures? A commentary on: ‘The role of pollinator preference in the maintenance of pollen colour variation’
Authors: Hempel de Ibarra Natalie , Somanathan Hema 
Published: May 2019

This article comments on:
Jennifer L. Ison, Elizabeth S. L. Tuan, Matthew H. Koski, Jack S. Whalen and Laura F. Galloway. 2019. The role of pollinator preference in the maintenance of pollen colour variation. Annals of Botany 123(6): 951–960.
Mesopredators change temporal activity in response to a recolonizing apex predator
Authors: Shores Carolyn R , Dellinger Justin A , Newkirk Eric S , Kachel Shannon M , Wirsing Aaron J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractApex predators can influence ecosystems through density and behaviorally mediated effects on herbivores and mesopredators. In many parts of the world, apex predators live in, or are returning to, landscapes that have been modified by people; so, it is important to understand their ecological role in anthropogenic landscapes. We used motion-activated game cameras to compare the activity patterns of humans and 2 mesopredators, coyotes (Canis latrans) and bobcats (Lynx rufus), in areas with and without an apex predator, the gray wolf (Canis lupus), in a multiuse landscape of the northwestern United States. In areas with wolves, there was a significant increase in temporal niche overlap between the mesopredators owing to higher levels of coyote activity at all time periods of the day. Temporal overlap between mesopredators and humans also increased significantly in the presence of wolves. Coyotes exposed to wolves increased their activity during dawn, day, and dusk hours. The increase in coyote activity was greatest during the day, when wolves were least active. The direction of change in bobcat activity in areas with wolves was opposite to coyotes, suggesting a behaviorally mediated cascade between wolves, coyotes, and bobcats, although these findings would need to be confirmed with further research. Our findings suggest that mesopredators in human-dominated systems may perceive humans as less dangerous than apex predators, that humans may be more likely to encounter mesopredators in areas occupied by top predators, and that behaviorally mediated effects of apex predators on mesopredators persist in human-dominated landscapes.
Sperm-borne glutathione-S-transferase omega 2 accelerates the nuclear decondensation of spermatozoa during fertilization in mice†
Authors: Hamilton Lauren E , Suzuki Joao , Aguila Luis , Meinsohn Marie-Charlotte , Smith Olivia E , Protopapas Nicole , Xu Wei , Sutovsky Peter , Oko Richard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe postacrosomal sheath (PAS) of the perinuclear theca (PT) is the first compartment of the sperm head to solubilize into the ooplasm upon sperm-oocyte fusion, implicating its constituents in zygotic development. This study investigates the role of one such constituent, glutathione-S-transferase omega 2 (GSTO2), an oxidative-reductive enzyme found in the PAS and perforatorial regions of the PT. GSTO2 uses the conjugation of reduced glutathione, an electron donor shown to be compulsory in sperm disassembly within the ooplasm. The proximity of GSTO2 to the condensed sperm nucleus led us to hypothesize that this enzyme may facilitate nuclear decondensation by reducing disulfide bonds before the recruitment of GSTO enzymes from within the ooplasm. To test this hypothesis, we utilized a cell permeable isozyme-specific inhibitor, which fluoresces when bound to the active site of GSTO2, to functionally inhibit spermatozoa before performing intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSI) in mice. The technique allowed for targeted inhibition of solely PT-residing GSTO2, as all that is required for complete zygotic development is the injection of the mouse spermatozoon head. ICSI showed that inhibition of PT-anchored GSTO2 caused a delay in sperm nuclear decondensation, and further resulted in untimely embryo cleavage, and an increase in fragmentation beginning at the morula stage. The confounding effects of these developmental delays ultimately resulted in decreased blastocyst formation. This study implicates PT-anchored GSTO2 as an important facilitator of nuclear decondensation and reinforces the notion that the PAS-PT is a critical sperm compartment harboring molecules that facilitate zygotic development.
Drowning In Neoliberal Lies: State Responses Towards People Seeking Asylum
Authors: Green Belinda A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article argues that further enhancement of critical social work education and practice is needed to counter politicised and restrictive policies towards people seeking asylum in advanced globalised market economies. This means social workers giving more emphasis and prominence to the role of neoliberalism rather than solely focusing on the adverse moral and mental health impacts of state responses. Drawing on current debates and practices within critical social work and seven years’ experience in the Australian refugee sector, this article will demonstrate the punitive and deterrent configurations adopted by states like Australia to respond to people seeking asylum. The article then highlights the importance of social workers critically analysing historicised discourses which normalise such people as ‘dangerous’, ‘illegitimate’, ‘othered’ and a ‘burden’. Further interrogation of the social and cultural logic(s) of neoliberalism which serve to justify the former discourses will also be included. Finally, reflections on a range of strategies and solutions will be presented for critical social work educators and practitioners to resist and subvert neoliberalism and to secure better outcomes for people seeking asylum in Australia and elsewhere.
On Equivalence of Cascade Connections of Two Nonlinear Feedback Shift Registers
Authors: Zhong Jianghua , Lin Dongdai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGrain is a hardware-oriented finalist in the eSTREAM Stream Cipher Project. As a particular Galois nonlinear feedback shift register (NFSR), cascade connection of two NFSRs has been used as the main building block in the Grain family of stream ciphers. Two NFSRs are said to be equivalent if their sets of output sequences are equal. Finding properties of equivalent cascade connections of two NFSRs is useful to the design of the Grain family of stream ciphers. This paper first gives some properties of feedback functions between equivalent cascade connections of two NFSRs. It then shows that a cascade connection of two NFSRs and its equivalent Galois NFSR have isomorphic state diagrams if they have the same stage number. Finally, the paper reveals that for any given cascade connection of an $m$-stage NFSR1 into an $n$-stage NFSR2, there is only another one equivalent cascade connection of an $m$-stage NFSR3 into an $n$-stage NFSR4; moreover, the feedback functions of NFSR1 and NFSR3 are dual complementary, and the feedback functions of NFSR2 and NFSR4 are complementary. As an application of this property, the paper shows that the existing Grain family of stream ciphers have used the ones with lower cost of hardware implementations between their own two equivalent cascade connections, confirming their good design criteria.
On Computing Component (Edge) Connectivities of Balanced Hypercubes
Authors: Gu Mei-Mei , Chang Jou-Ming , Hao Rong-Xia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
For an integer $\ell \geqslant 2$, the $\ell $-component connectivity (resp. $\ell $-component edge connectivity) of a graph $G$, denoted by $\kappa _{\ell }(G)$ (resp. $\lambda _{\ell }(G)$), is the minimum number of vertices (resp. edges) whose removal from $G$ results in a disconnected graph with at least $\ell $ components. The two parameters naturally generalize the classical connectivity and edge connectivity of graphs defined in term of the minimum vertex-cut and the minimum edge-cut, respectively. The two kinds of connectivities can help us to measure the robustness of the graph corresponding to a network. In this paper, by exploring algebraic and combinatorial properties of $n$-dimensional balanced hypercubes $BH_n$, we obtain the $\ell $-component (edge) connectivity $\kappa _{\ell }(BH_n)$ ($\lambda _{\ell }(BH_n)$). For $\ell $-component connectivity, we prove that $\kappa _2(BH_n)=\kappa _3(BH_n)=2n$ for $n\geq 2$, $\kappa _4(BH_n)=\kappa _5(BH_n)=4n-2$ for $n\geq 4$, $\kappa _6(BH_n)=\kappa _7(BH_n)=6n-6$ for $n\geq 5$. For $\ell $-component edge connectivity, we prove that $\lambda _3(BH_n)=4n-1$, $\lambda _4(BH_n)=6n-2$ for $n\geq 2$ and $\lambda _5(BH_n)=8n-4$ for $n\geq 3$. Moreover, we also prove $\lambda _\ell (BH_n)\leq 2n(\ell -1)-2\ell +6$ for $4\leq \ell \leq 2n+3$ and the upper bound of $\lambda _\ell (BH_n)$ we obtained is tight for $\ell =4,5$.
Drones over Pompeii: cinematic perspectives on antiquity in the digital era
Authors: Paul Joanna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCityscapes have always been an important part of films set in antiquity, but little attention has yet been paid to the way in which digital cinema uses the ancient city to offer different kinds of access to the past. This article explores how twenty-first century cinema sees the city and apprehends history in new ways in films including Pompeii (2014), Agora (2009), and Gladiator (2000). It focuses on how digital cinema affords the opportunity to ‘see’ the past from above, a quintessentially modern perspective which prompts a range of important questions about the viewer’s relationship to history. The aerial view of the cinematic city encourages reflection on our familiarity with an ancient city, by utilizing the imagery and techniques of digital mapping and virtual reality reconstructions; and it explores our ability to gain mastery over the past, privileging godlike omniscience over the immersiveness that usually characterizes contemporary film. Finally, adopting the perspective of the drone, it suggests a more disturbing, dehumanized version of the past – and future. The discourse around these cinematic cities prompts important and timely consideration of whether digital technology necessarily improves our access to the past, or rather compromises it.
Thromboembolism after electrical isolation of the left atrial appendage: a new indication for interventional closure?
Authors: Zender Niklas , Weise Felix K , Bordignon Stefano , Herrmann Eva , Konstantinou Athanasios , Bologna Fabrizio , Nagase Takahiko , Chen Shaojie , Chun Kyoung Ryul Julian , Schmidt Boris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsLeft atrial appendage electrical isolation (LAAI) may improve the rhythm outcome in selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Controversy exists if LAAI is associated with an increased rate of thromboembolic complications. We sought to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of interventional left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in comparison to oral anticoagulation (OAC) after electrical LAAI.Methods and resultsWeeks after index LAAI using the cryoballoon or a linear maze like ablation strategy patients’ left atrial appendage was invasively remapped. In case of persistent LAAI, LAAC was performed. Patients who refused invasive remapping continued OAC. The primary endpoint was composed of any stroke or systemic embolism (SE) and the occurrence of intracardiac thrombus. Secondary endpoints included stroke/SE, major bleeding, and all-cause death. Of 166 patients (51% female; mean age 70 ± 8 years; mean CHAD2S2VASc score 3.4 ± 1.8) after LAAI, 94 patients received LAAC (LAAC group) and 72 continued OAC (no LAAC). After LAAC, 83% of patients received dual antiplatelet therapy for 6 weeks and aspirin thereafter. During a mean follow-up of 778 ± 630 days, 5 and 11 primary endpoint events were observed in the LAAC and no LAAC group, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10–0.75; P = 0.010]. The calculated annual thromboembolic event rates were 6.9% (no LAAC) and 2.3% (LAAC), respectively. Left atrial appendage closure significantly reduced the incidence of stroke and SE (HR 0.31, CI 0.1–0.98; P = 0.04).ConclusionAfter electrical LAAI for rhythm control in AF patients, interventional LAAC was associated with fewer thromboembolic complications when compared with OAC.
Avoidance Behavior Is an Independent Indicator of Poorer On-road Driving Skills in Older Adults
Authors: Schulz Philipp , Beblo Thomas , Spannhorst Stefan , Labudda Kirsten , Wagner Thomas , Bertke Volkmar , Boedeker Sebastian , Driessen Martin , Kreisel Stefan H , Toepper Max 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the current work was to investigate the relationship between avoidance of specific driving situations and on-road driving skills in older drivers considering factors found to be related to both avoidance behavior and driving skills.

Method
Seventy-two older drivers (M = 76 years) from the general population were included in this study. Self-reported avoidance behavior, driving practice, perceived driving difficulties, driving-related cognitive functions, as well as medical conditions were assessed within two sessions. Standardized on-road assessments served for assessing on-road driving skills in a third session.

Results
Self-reported avoidance behavior was associated with reduced driving skills (r = −.41), and this relationship remained significant beyond the influence of cognitive skills, self-reported health, driving practice, and perceived driving difficulties. Specifically, avoidance of driving in bad weather, poor visibility and complicated parking was found to be associated with reduced driving skills.

Discussion
This study suggest that avoidance behavior is an independent indicator of impaired driving skills in older drivers. Our results argue against the assumption that avoidance behavior may be a reasonable strategy for safe traffic participation. Longitudinal studies are urgently needed to get more evidence on safety aspects of avoidance behavior.