bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-pressure artificial pneumothorax promotes invasion and metastasis of oesophageal cancer cells
Authors: Jiang Tian , Lin Miao , Zhan Cheng , Zhao Mengnan , Yang Xinyu , Li Ming , Feng Mingxiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESThis study aimed to investigate the viability, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of oesophageal cancer cells in a simulated artificial pneumothorax model and to explore its potential mechanism of action.METHODSOesophageal cancer cells were subjected to a simulated thoracoscopic CO2 pneumothorax environment with different pressures and exposure times (low-pressure group: 8 mmHg 1 h or 8 mmHg 4 h; high-pressure group: 12 mmHg 1 h). Cell viability, apoptosis, invasive capacity and mRNA expression of adhesion- and metastasis-related molecules in each group were detected. To explore in greater detail the potential reasons for the changes in biological behaviour under the high-pressure CO2 environment, we designed 3 additional experimental groups: (i) high-pressure group, (ii) hypoxia group and (iii) pH decrease group. An miRNA microarray analysis was performed by comparing 2 paired samples of cells from the high-pressure group and the control group.RESULTSTreatment with high-pressure CO2 pneumothorax significantly increased the cell viability (P < 0.001) and the cell invasion (P < 0.001). Significantly higher expression of adhesive- and metastasis-related molecules was also observed. Further experiments indicated that the high-pressure CO2 pneumothorax might increase cell invasion and metastasis through the high pressure and decreased pH. The miRNA microarray analysis results suggested that several potential pathways related to cancer development: the RhoA pathway, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway and the MAPK signalling pathway.CONCLUSIONSThe application of high-pressure CO2 pneumothorax promoted the invasion and metastasis of oesophageal cancer cells through high pressure and decreased pH. This process might be related to several signalling pathways.
The impact of health information technology on the management and follow-up of test results – a systematic review
Authors: Georgiou Andrew , Li Julie , Thomas Judith , Dahm Maria R , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of health information technology (IT) systems on clinicians’ work practices and patient engagement in the management and follow-up of test results.Materials and MethodsA search for studies reporting health IT systems and clinician test results management was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Scopus from January 1999 to June 2018. Test results follow-up was defined as provider follow-up of results for tests that were sent to the laboratory and radiology services for processing or analysis.ResultsThere are some findings from controlled studies showing that health IT can improve the proportion of tests followed-up (15 percentage point change) and increase physician awareness of test results that require action (24–28 percentage point change). Taken as whole, however, the evidence of the impact of health IT on test result management and follow-up is not strong.DiscussionThe development of safe and effective test results management IT systems should pivot on several axes. These axes include 1) patient-centerd engagement (involving shared, timely, and meaningful information); 2) diagnostic processes (that involve the integration of multiple people and different clinical settings across the health care spectrum); and 3) organizational communications (the myriad of multi- transactional processes requiring feedback, iteration, and confirmation) that contribute to the patient care process.ConclusionExisting evidence indicates that health IT in and of itself does not (and most likely cannot) provide a complete solution to issues related to test results management and follow-up.
Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) to volatiles from its Host Plant, Chinese Chives (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng)
Authors: Yang Yuting , Su Qi , Shi Linlin , Chen Gong , Zeng Yang , Shi Caihua , Zhang Youjun 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang is a serious belowground pest of Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum). Our previous studies have indicated that B. odoriphaga females prefer to oviposit near the roots of Chinese chives rather than the roots of other plants, and that the performance (longevity and fecundity) of B. odoriphaga offspring was better on Chinese chives than on Lettuce (var. ramosa Hort.), Onion (Allium cepa) and Potato (Solanum tuberosum) but little is known about how the volatiles released by Chinese chives affect the host-finding and oviposition behaviors of B. odoriphaga. Here, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and determined that Chinese chives releases the following volatiles: methyl allyl disulfide, β-myrcene, cis-ocimene, diallyl disulfide, nonane, n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, and n-hexadecane; quantities released were highest for methyl allyl disulfide and diallyl disulfide. In addition to eliciting strong responses in females in electroantennography assays, the latter two sulfur compounds and their mixtures attracted females in Y-tube olfactometer assays. The addition of methyl allyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, or a mixture of the two compounds at a 1:5 ratio to chive plants increased oviposition when compared to control plants. These results indicate that methyl allyl disulfide and diallyl disulfide, either alone or in combination, influence the host-seeking behavior of B. odoriphaga.
A Kantian Account of Emotions as Feelings1
Authors: Cohen Alix 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to extract from Kant's writings an account of the nature of the emotions and their function – and to do so despite the fact that Kant neither uses the term ‘emotion’ nor offers a systematic treatment of it. Kant's position, as I interpret it, challenges the contemporary trends that define emotions in terms of other mental states and defines them instead first and foremost as ‘feelings’. Although Kant's views on the nature of feelings have drawn surprisingly little attention, I argue that the faculty of feeling has the distinct role of making us aware of the way our faculties relate to each other and to the world. As I show, feelings are affective appraisals of our activity, and as such they play an indispensable orientational function in the Kantian mind. After spelling out Kant's distinction between feeling and desire (§2), I turn to the distinction between feeling and cognition (§3) and show that while feelings are non-cognitive states, they have a form of derived-intentionality. §4 argues that what feelings are about, in this derived sense, is our relationship to ourselves and the world: they function as affective appraisals of the state of our agency. §5 shows that this function is necessary to the activity of the mind insofar as it is orientational. Finally, §6 discusses the examples of epistemic pleasure and moral contentment and argues that they manifest the conditions of cognitive and moral agency respectively.
H i galaxies with little star formation: an abundance of LIERs
Authors: Parkash Vaishali , Brown Michael J I , Jarrett T H , Fraser-McKelvie A , Cluver M E 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present a sample of 91 H i galaxies with little or no star formation, and discuss the analysis of the integral field unit (IFU) spectra of 28 of these galaxies. We identified H i galaxies from the H i Parkes All-Sky Survey Catalog (HICAT) with Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) colours consistent with low specific star formation (&lt;10−10.4 yr−1), and obtained optical IFU spectra with the Wide-Field Spectrograph (WiFeS). Visual inspection of the PanSTARRS, Dark Energy Survey, and Carnegie-Irvine imaging of 62 galaxies reveals that at least 32 galaxies in the sample have low levels of star formation, primarily in arms/rings. New IFU spectra of 28 of these galaxies reveals 3 galaxies with central star formation, 1 galaxy with low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs), 20 with extended low-ionization emission-line regions (LIERs), and 4 with high excitation Seyfert (Sy) emission. From the spectroscopic analysis of H i selected galaxies with little star formation, we conclude that 75 per cent of this population are LINERs/LIERs.
Evident black hole-bulge coevolution in the distant universe
Authors: Yang(杨光) G , Brandt W N , Alexander D M , Chen(陳建廷) C-T J , Ni(倪清泠) Q , Vito F , Zhu(朱飞凡) F-F 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Observations in the local universe show a tight correlation between the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs; MBH) and host-galaxy bulges (Mbulge), suggesting a strong connection between SMBH and bulge growth. However, direct evidence for such a connection in the distant universe remains elusive. We have studied sample-averaged SMBH accretion rate ($\overline{\rm BHAR}$) for bulge-dominated galaxies at z = 0.5–3. While previous observations found $\overline{\rm BHAR}$ is strongly related to host-galaxy stellar mass (M⋆) for the overall galaxy population, our analyses show that, for the bulge-dominated population, $\overline{\rm BHAR}$ is mainly related to SFR rather than M⋆. This ${\overline{\rm BHAR}}$–SFR relation is highly significant, e.g. 9.0σ (Pearson statistic) at z = 0.5–1.5. Such a $\overline{\rm BHAR}$–SFR connection does not exist among our comparison sample of galaxies that are not bulge dominated, for which M⋆ appears to be the main determinant of SMBH accretion. This difference between the bulge-dominated and comparison samples indicates that SMBHs only coevolve with bulges rather than the entire galaxies, explaining the tightness of the local MBH−Mbulge correlation. Our best-fitting ${\overline{\rm BHAR}}$–SFR relation for the bulge-dominated sample is ${\log \overline{\rm BHAR}= \log \mathrm{SFR} - (2.48\pm 0.05)}$ (solar units). The best-fitting $\overline{\rm BHAR}/\mathrm{SFR}$ ratio (10−2.48) for bulge-dominated galaxies is similar to the observed MBH/Mbulge values in the local universe. Our results reveal that SMBH and bulge growth are in lockstep, and thus non-causal scenarios of merger averaging are unlikely the origin of the MBH−Mbulge correlation. This lockstep growth also predicts that the MBH−Mbulge relation should not have strong redshift dependence.
Factors in the Building of Effective Patient–Provider Relationships in the Context of Fibromyalgia
Authors: Chen Annie T , Swaminathan Aarti 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
Fibromyalgia patients face particular challenges in building relationships with health care providers. In this study, we examine, from patients’ perspectives, factors that influence the formation of effective patient–provider relationships.

Design
This research employed a qualitative approach to analyze data collected from a study that employed semistructured interviews.

Methods
Multiple methods were used to recruit 23 fibromyalgia patients for interviews. Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore how participants’ information behaviors, including their communication with and relationships to providers, changed over time. The interview data were analyzed using a qualitative analytic method based on interpretative phenomenological analysis and constructivist grounded theory.

Results
We identified three important factors that influenced the building of effective relationships: patients and providers’ interactions involving information, identifying health care providers that fit patients’ needs, and realizing shared responsibilities. With regard to information, we described three important themes: information gaps, providers as educators/facilitators, and collaborative information behavior.

Conclusions
Understanding of the key elements of relationship development between patients and providers can be utilized in various ways to improve clinical care. First, the knowledge gained in this study can inform the design of patient education materials that assist patients to identify providers that fit their needs, prepare for consultations, and develop realistic expectations for providers. The findings of this study can also inform the design of resources and tools to enable clinicians to communicate and relate better with their patients.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of infection risk with small molecule JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bechman Katie , Subesinghe Sujith , Norton Sam , Atzeni Fabiola , Galli Massimo , Cope Andrew P , Winthrop Kevin L , Galloway James B 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the risk of serious infection (SI) and herpes zoster (HZ) in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving JAK inhibitors.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of phase II and III randomized controlled trials of tofacitinib (5 mg bid), baricitinib (4 mg od) and upadacitinib (15 mg od). Patient-exposure years were calculated. A per-protocol analysis was applied, incorporating follow-up time from patients randomized to placebo who cross into the treatment arm. Pooled incidence rates per 100 person-years of SI and HZ were calculated. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of drug vs placebo were compared using a meta-synthesis approach.

Results
Twenty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis; 11 tofacitinib (5888 patients), six baricitinib (3520 patients) and four upadacitinib studies (1736 patients). For SI, the incidence rates were 1.97 (95% CI: 1.41, 2.68), 3.16 (95% CI: 2.07, 4.63) and 3.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 7.04), respectively. The IRRs comparing treatment arm to placebo were statistically non-significant: 1.22 (95% CI: 0.60, 2.45), 0.80 (95% CI: 0.46, 1.38) and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.24, 5.43), respectively. For HZ, the incidence rates were 2.51 (95% CI: 1.87, 3.30), 3.16 (95% CI: 2.07, 4.63) and 2.41 (95% CI: 0.66, 6.18), respectively. The IRR of HZ comparing baricitinib with placebo was 2.86 (95% CI: 1.26, 6.50). Non-significant IRRs were seen with tofacitinib and upadacitinib: 1.38 (95% CI: 0.66, 2.88) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.19, 3.22), respectively. Indicator opportunistic infections excluding HZ were too rare to provide meaningful incidence rates.

Conclusion
The absolute SI rates were low. However across the JAK inhibitors, the incidence of HZ is higher than expected for the population (3.23 per 100 patient-years). While the risk was numerically greatest with baricitinib, indirect comparisons between the drugs did not demonstrate any significant difference in risk.

Systematic review registration number
Prospero 2017 CRD4201707879.
Silicone Foam Dressing for Prevention of Sacral Deep Tissue Injuries Among Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Strauss Robyn , Preston Ave , Zalman Demetra C. , Rao Aditi D. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effect of silicone foam dressings, placed preoperatively, on the incidence of postoperative sacral deep-tissue pressure injuries.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS:
An uncontrolled before-and-after quality improvement method was used. Within a single, urban academic medical center, consecutively admitted adult cardiac surgery patients were included in the pre- and postintervention groups; only those receiving elective procedures were included.

INTERVENTION:
Nurses applied a sacral silicone foam dressing preoperatively. This dressing was maintained on the patient’s sacrum intraoperatively and postoperatively for up to 5 days in the intensive care and step-down units.

MAIN RESULTS:
This project demonstrated a clinically significant decrease (P < .02) in the incidence of postoperative sacral deep-tissue pressure injuries from 2.3% (preintervention, n = 300) to 0% (postintervention, n = 224). These results were sustained for 24 months after the trial was completed.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of silicone foam dressings may be an effective prophylactic intervention to reduce the incidence of perioperative deep-tissue pressure injuries among cardiac surgery patients, a high-risk population.
Opioid use disorder during pregnancy
Authors: Carter Lillian C. , Read Molly A. , Read Laura , Nicholas Joyce S. , Schmidt Eric 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Women with opioid use disorder who become pregnant are a particularly vulnerable population and require a comprehensive treatment approach for mother and fetus. Research is continuing on opioid use disorder, effects of opioid use on the fetus, and best treatment approaches. This article reviews current recommendations and guidelines for treatment.
FDA Issues Safety Alert for Leukemia Drug
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: February 2019

The Food and Drug Administration is alerting health care providers about the need for early recognition and management of differentiation syndrome, a potentially lethal condition that can occur in patients receiving enasidenib (Idhifa) for acute myeloid leukemia.The rapid proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells produces the signs and symptoms of differentiation syndrome, which include acute respiratory distress, fever, and peripheral edema with weight gain.
Mortality and Readmission Rates at Top-Ranked vs. Nonranked Hospitals
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: February 2019

According to this study:

Thirty-day mortality rates for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were lower and patient satisfaction ratings higher at U.S. News and World Report’s top-ranked hospitals for cardiovascular care compared with nonranked hospitals.Notably, 30-day readmission rates were higher for heart failure in the top-ranked hospitals and similar for AMI and CABG compared with nonranked facilities.
The Incidence of Pin Tract Infections and Septic Arthritis in Percutaneous Distal Femur Pinning
Authors: Murgai Rajan R. , Compton Edward , Illingworth Kenneth D. , Kay Robert M. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Retrograde percutaneous pinning often involves intra-articular pin placement. Classic teaching has cautioned about the risk of septic arthritis with intra-articular pins, although an incidence has not been reported for this complication. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of pin tract infections and septic arthritis following retrograde percutaneous pinning of the distal femur.

Methods:
A retrospective review identified patients who underwent retrograde percutaneous pinning of the distal femur for osteotomy or physeal fracture fixation at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2006 to 2017 and had at least 3 months follow-up. The incidence of pin site infections and septic arthritis was determined.

Results:
In total, 163 patients met criteria, 142 patients with osteotomies and 21 with physeal fractures. The mean pin duration was 33.2±9.0 days (range: 18 to 68 d). Pin duration of ≥30 days was associated with an increased rate of pin tract infections (11.2% vs. 1.4%, P=0.01). The incidence of pin tract infections was 6.7% (11/163), including 9.5% (2/21) in those with fractures and 6.3% (9/142) following osteotomy (P=0.64). There were no cases of septic arthritis. Of the 11 patients with pin tract infections, 9 were treated successfully with oral antibiotics and 2 patients (1.2%) underwent surgical intervention for infection. Treatment of pin infections with oral antibiotics alone was successful in all 7 patients whose pins were removed within 35 days of surgery, but in only 2 of 4 whose pins were removed later (P=0.11). Of the 2 patients who required irrigation and debridement, one had a superficial pin site infection and retained subcutaneous pin and the other had a pin tract abscess and osteomyelitis at the osteotomy site.

Conclusions:
Of 163 patients who underwent retrograde percutaneous pinning of the distal femur, no patient developed septic arthritis and the incidence of pin site infections was 6.7% (11/163). Intra-articular retrograde percutaneous pinning of the distal femur is a safe technique with a low risk of septic arthritis.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—case-control study.
Choosing Wisely in Critical Care: Results of a National Survey From the Critical Care Societies Collaborative*
Authors: Kleinpell Ruth , Sessler Curtis N. , Wiencek Clareen , Moss Marc 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:
Over-utilization of tests, treatments, and procedures is common for hospitalized patients in ICU settings. American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation’s Choosing Wisely campaign tasked professional societies to identify sources of overuse in specialty care practice. The purpose of this study was to assess how critical care clinicians were implementing the Critical Care Societies Collaborative Choosing Wisely recommendations in clinical practice.

Design:
Descriptive survey methodology with use of Research Electronic Data Capture (https://projectredcap.org/) sent via email newsletter blast or to individual emails of the 150,000 total members of the organizations.

Setting:
National survey.

Subjects:
ICU physicians, nurses, advanced practice providers including nurse practitioners and physician assistants, and pharmacist members of four national critical care societies in the United States.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A six-question survey assessed what Choosing Wisely recommendations had been implemented in ICU settings and if the impact was assessed. A total of 2,520 responses were received from clinicians: nurses (61%; n = 1538), physicians (25.9%; n = 647), advanced practice providers (10.5%; n = 263), and pharmacists (2.1%; n = 52), reflecting a 1.6% response rate of the total membership of 150,000 clinicians. Overall, 1,273 respondents (50.6%) reported they were familiar with the Choosing Wisely campaign. Respondents reported that Choosing Wisely recommendations had been integrated in a number of ways including being implemented in clinical care (n = 817; 72.9%), through development of a specific clinical protocol or institutional guideline (n = 736; 65.7%), through development of electronic medical record orders (n = 626; 55.8%), or with integration of longitudinal tracking using an electronic dashboard (n = 213; 19.0%). Some respondents identified that a specific quality improvement initiative was developed related to the Choosing Wisely recommendations (n = 468; 41.7%), or that a research initiative had been conducted (n = 156; 13.9%).

Conclusions:
The results provide information on the application of the Choosing Wisely recommendations to clinical practice from a small sample of critical care clinicians. However, as only half of the respondents report implementation, additional strategies are needed to promote the Choosing Wisely recommendations to make impactful change to improve care in ICU settings.