bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation of adults with learning disabilities in the 2015 UK General Election
Authors: James Elaine , Harvey Mark , Hatton Chris 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
People with learning disabilities may experience discrimination which prevents them from exercising choice and control over their right to participate in democratic processes. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
Taking data collected by social workers during a campaign from the 2015 UK General Election, this paper analyses the variables associated with higher rates of democratic participation by people with learning disabilities.

Findings
The present authors undertook secondary analysis on data collected by social workers supporting adults with learning disabilities who were living in community housing units. In total, 1,019 people with learning disabilities who were living in 124 community housing units in one English county gave consent to participate. In total, 84 per cent were registered to vote and 26 per cent cast a vote on polling day. People were significantly more likely to cast a vote if they lived in a housing unit where they understood their rights (Wald χ2 =4.896, p=0.027).

Practical implications
The analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that supporting people with learning disabilities to understand their right to participate in elections increases the likelihood they will cast a vote on a polling day. There are practical implications from this finding for commissioning practices, support planning, and education of health and social care practitioners.

Originality/value
This is the first study of this size which examines data from people with learning disabilities on their experience of democratic participation and the role of social work.
Psychological interventions used to reduce sports injuries: a systematic review of real-world effectiveness
Authors: Gledhill Adam , Forsdyke Dale , Murray Eliot 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo systematically review studies examining the role of psychological interventions in injury prevention. The primary research question was: What is the real-world effectiveness of psychological intervention in preventing sports injuries?DesignMixed methods systematic review with best evidence synthesis.Data sourcesCINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Science Direct and PubMed.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials (RCT), non-RCTs that included a comparison group, before and after study designs and qualitative methods. Studies were required to outline specific unimodal or multimodal psychological interventions used in relation to injury prevention in the real-world setting.Outcome measureStudies were independently appraised with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsThirteen papers (incorporating 14 studies) met the eligibility criteria, of which 93% (13/14) reported a decrease in injury rates (effect size range=0.2–1.21). There was an overall moderate risk of bias in reporting (52%). There is a dominance of stress management-based interventions in literature due to the prominence of the model of stress and athletic injury within the area.Summary/conclusionsPsychological interventions demonstrate small (0.2) to large (1.21) effects on sports injury rates. The research area demonstrates a cumulative moderate risk in reporting bias (52%).PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016035879.
Regional disparities in the intimate partner sexual violence rate against women in Paraná State, Brazil, 2009-2014: an ecological study
Authors: Fontes Kátia Biagio , Jacinto Alarcão Ana Carolina , Nihei Oscar Kenji , Pelloso Sandra Marisa , Andrade Luciano , Barros Carvalho Maria Dalva de 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveEvaluate disparities in a Brazilian state by conducting an analysis to determine whether socioeconomic status was associated with the reported intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) rates against women.DesignA retrospective, ecological study.SettingsData retrieved from the Notifiable Diseases Information System database of the Ministry of Health of Brazil.ParticipantsAll cases of IPSV (n=516) against women aged 15–49 years reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System between 2009 and 2014.Outcome measuresThe data were evaluated through an exploratory analysis of spatial data.ResultsWe identified a positive spatial self-correlation in the IPSV rate (0.7105, P≤0.001). Five high–high-type clusters were identified, predominantly in the Metropolitan, West, South Central, Southwest, Southeast and North Central mesoregions, with only one cluster identified in the North Pioneer mesoregion. Our findings also indicated that the associations between the IPSV rate and socioeconomic predictors (women with higher education, civil registry of legal separations, economically active women, demographic density and average female income) were significantly spatially non-stationary; thus, the regression coefficients verified that certain variables in the model were associated with the IPSV rate in some regions of the state. In addition, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model improved the understanding of the associations between socioeconomic indicators and the IPSV notification rate, showing a better adjustment than the ordinary least square (OLS) model (OLS vs GWR model: R2: 0.95 vs 0.99; Akaike information criterion: 4117.90 vs 3550.61; Moran’s I: 0.0905 vs −0.0273, respectively).ConclusionsIPSV against women was heterogeneous in the state of Paraná. The GWR model showed a better fit and enabled the analysis of the distribution of each indicator in the state, which demonstrated the utility of this model for the study of IPSV dynamics and the indication of local determinants of IPSV notification rates.
Efficacy and safety of ginkgo preparations for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review protocol
Authors: He Sufei , Wang Miao , Si Jinhua , Zhang Tianyi , Cui Hong , Gao Xiumei 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and treated childhood psychiatric disorders. The analogous diagnosis adopted in Europe is hyperkinetic disorder, which is defined in the WHO’s International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10). Hyperkinetic disorder includes more severe conditions. Ginkgo preparations are used in the treatment of ADHD. The present study will assess the efficacy and safety of ginkgo preparations in the treatment of ADHD in the currently published literature.Materials and methodsAll prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will be included in this systematic review. Patients diagnosed with ADHD according to American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), ICD-10 or Chinese Classification and Diagnosis of Mental Diseases third edition (CMDD) will be included. A comprehensive search for RCTs to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of ginkgo preparations will be performed. The primary outcomes are the ADHD Rating Scale-IV and Revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale. The secondary outcomes are quality of life evaluated by the KINDL scale, adverse effects/events, Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale, Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviour Scale and Fremdbeurteilungsbogen für Hyperkinetische Störungen. Exclusion criteria are the following: (1) case reports, not randomised trial, non-comparative studies and (2) patients who were not diagnosed based on DSM-IV, DSM-5, ICD-10 or CMDD. The following databases will be searched from their inception until January 2018: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine Disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database and Chinese Scientific Journals Database. Two authors will independently perform the study selection, extract the data and assess the study quality and risk of bias.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require ethics approval. It will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017077190.
Relationship between electronically measured medication adherence and vision-related quality of life in a cohort of patients with open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Thompson Atalie C , Woolson Sandra , Olsen Maren K , Danus Susanne , Bosworth Hayden B , Muir Kelly W 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate whether electronically measured medication adherence is associated with vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in patients with open-angle glaucoma.Methods and analysisThis is a 3-year prospective cohort study of 79 subjects with open-angle glaucoma at a Veterans Affairs medical centre. Participants returned a medication event monitoring system (MEMS) for their glaucoma eye-drops and had at least two visits with glaucoma during the study period. Those taking less than 80% of prescribed glaucoma medication doses were considered to be non-adherent. Subjects were interviewed using the National Eye Institute’s Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25) at baseline and after 3 years.ResultsThirty per cent (n=24/79) of participants took less than 80% of prescribed doses of their glaucoma medications at baseline. Patients who did not adhere to their medications at baseline had lower mean composite VFQ-25 scores at baseline (70.66±20.50 vs 75.91±19.12, standardised mean difference=0.27) and after 3 years (71.68±21.93 vs 76.25±21.67, standardised mean difference=0.21). Visual acuity (P=0.03), but not visual field severity (P=0.13) or medication adherence (P=0.30), was significantly associated with composite VFQ-25 score in an adjusted model.ConclusionsSubjects who were non-adherent to their glaucoma medications at baseline as assessed by a MEMS device reported lower VRQoL than adherent subjects at baseline and after 3 years. However, visual acuity was significantly associated with VRQoL. Future studies should assess whether improved adherence to eye-drops impacts VRQoL in patients with glaucoma.
Consensus guidelines on the optimal management in interventional EUS procedures: results from the Asian EUS group RAND/UCLA expert panel
Authors: Teoh Anthony Y B , Dhir Vinay , Kida Mitsuhiro , Yasuda Ichiro , Jin Zhen Dong , Seo Dong Wan , Almadi Majid , Ang Tiing Leong , Hara Kazuo , Hilmi Ida , Itoi Takao , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Matsuda Koji , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Puri Rajesh , Tang Raymond S , Wang Hsiu-Po , Yang Ai Ming , Hawes Robert , Varadarajulu Shyam , Yasuda Kenjiro , Ho Lawrence Khek Yu 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesInterventional endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) procedures are gaining popularity and the most commonly performed procedures include EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst, EUS-guided biliary drainage, EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage and EUS-guided celiac plexus ablation. The aim of this paper is to formulate a set of practice guidelines addressing various aspects of the above procedures.MethodsFormulation of the guidelines was based on the best scientific evidence available. The RAND/UCLA appropriateness methodology (RAM) was used. Panellists recruited comprised experts in surgery, interventional EUS, interventional radiology and oncology from 11 countries. Between June 2014 and October 2016, the panellists met in meetings to discuss and vote on the clinical scenarios for each of the interventional EUS procedures in question.ResultsA total of 15 statements on EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst, 15 statements on EUS-guided biliary drainage, 12 statements on EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage and 14 statements on EUS-guided celiac plexus ablation were formulated. The statements addressed the indications for the procedures, technical aspects, pre- and post-procedural management, management of complications, and competency and training in the procedures. All statements except one were found to be appropriate. Randomised studies to address clinical questions in a number of aspects of the procedures are urgently required.ConclusionsThe current guidelines on interventional EUS procedures are the first published by an endoscopic society. These guidelines provide an in-depth review of the current evidence and standardise the management of the procedures.
Engorged medullary vein on CT angiography in patients with dural arteriovenous fistula: prevalence, types, and comparison between regional and extensive types
Authors: Lin Yen-Heng , Lee Chung-Wei , Wang Yu-Fen , Lu Chi-Ju , Chen Ya-Fang , Liu Hon-Man 
Published: February 2018

Background and purposeEngorged medullary vein (EMV) in patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) suggests venous congestion. The aim of this study is to investigate its prevalence, pattern, and correlation with clinical findings.Materials and methodsCT angiography (CTA) raw data of DAVF were used for multiplanar reconstruction and then analyzed for the presence and pattern of EMV, which is defined as a dilated vein in the cerebral white matter. Patients with EMV were divided into two groups: regional and extensive. Regional type is defined as EMV limited to one cerebral hemisphere or cerebellum without evidence of subcortical calcification. Extensive type is defined as EMV involvement of more than one cerebral hemisphere or both the cerebrum and cerebellum. Descriptive analysis of clinical information, DAVF characteristics, and other imaging findings was conducted. Clinical information, including demographic data, clinical presentation, and hemorrhage, were correlated with both types of EMV.ResultsAmong 192 eligible patients with DAVF, 71 (37%) had EMV. Patients with EMV were older (63 years vs 56 years, P=0.02), with DAVF more often at the transverse and sigmoid sinus (P<0.001), and more often presented with aggressive symptoms (59% vs 34%, P=0.02) than non-EMV patients, but there was no difference in the presentation of hemorrhage (15% vs 16%, P=0.99). Patients with regional EMV had a higher proportion of hemorrhage than those with the extensive type (24% vs 0%, P=0.006).ConclusionsEMV in patients with DAVF is associated with an aggressive manifestation. Regional type EMV is associated with a higher risk of a hemorrhagic presentation.
Strategy to reduceE. colibacteraemia based on cohort data from a London teaching hospital
Authors: Hsu Desmond , Melzer Mark 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and aimIn 2017, National Health Service Improvement set a 10% reduction target for Escherichia coli bacteraemia by 2018, followed by a 50% reduction in healthcare-associated Gram-negative bacteraemias by 2022. We analysed consecutive cases of E. coli bacteraemia and devised a strategy to achieve these targets.MethodsFrom December 2012 to November 2013, demographic, clinical and microbiological data were prospectively collected on all patients with bacteraemia at the Royal London Hospital in East London, UK.ResultsThere were 594 significant bacteraemic episodes and 207 (34.8%) were E. coli. Twenty-four (11.6%) of the E. coli isolates were extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers, 22 (10.6%) gentamicin resistant and 2 (1.0%) amikacin resistant. The three most common sites of infection were pyelonephritis 105 (56.7%), catheter-associated urinary tract infection 22 (10.6%), and other medical devices and procedures that cause bacteraemia 32 (15.5%). In the pyelonephritis group, trimethoprim resistance in urinary isolates was 16/47 (34.0%) compared with 3/47 (6.4%) for nitrofurantoin. Twelve months postbacteraemia, recurrent bacteraemia rates were 10/105 (9.5%). There were 44 medical device-associated E. coli bacteraemias, and 22 (50%) were urinary catheter associated. There were 10 patients with E. coli bacteraemia caused by procedures, seven genitourinary or biliary tract instrumentation and three postgastrointestinal surgery.ConclusionE. coli bacteraemias related to urosepsis could have been prevented by better empirical treatment and targeted prophylaxis. Urinary catheter quality improvement programmes should contribute to a further reduction. For patients undergoing high-risk urinary or biliary tract procedures or device manipulation, we advocate single-dose amikacin prophylaxis.
Ventilatory support or respiratory muscle training as adjuncts to exercise in obese CPAP-treated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vivodtzev Isabelle , Tamisier Renaud , Croteau Marilie , Borel Jean-Christian , Grangier Angélique , Wuyam Bernard , Lévy Patrick , Minville Caroline , Sériès Frédéric , Maltais François , Pépin Jean-Louis 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and obesity are interdependent chronic diseases sharing reduced exercise tolerance and high cardiovascular risk.InterventionA 3-month intervention with innovative training modalities would further improve functional capacity and cardiovascular health than usual cycle exercise training in already continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-treated obese patients with OSA.MethodsFifty three patients (35<body mass index (BMI) <45 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to exercise training on a cycle ergometer, either alone (ERGO) or with respiratory muscle training (ERGO+RMT) or non-invasive ventilation (ERGO+NIV). Changes in 6 min walking distance (primary outcome), aerobic capacity (VO2peak), cardiovascular parameters, body composition and sleep quality were evaluated.Measurements and main resultsAll training modalities increased 6 min walking distance without differences between groups (P=0.97). ERGO+NIV and ERGO+RMT led to significantly higher improvement in VO2peak compared with ERGO (3.1 (95% CI 1.6 to 4.6) vs 2.3 (0.8 to 3.7) vs 0.5(−1.0 to 1.9) mL/min/kg, respectively, P=0.04) and ERGO+NIV significantly reduced self-measured blood pressure compared with ERGO+RMT and ERGO (systolic: −9.5 (95% CI −14.1 to −4.9) vs −13 (−5.8 to 3.1) vs −0.7 (−5.1 to 3.8) mm Hg, respectively, P=0.01). Waist and neck circumferences were reduced after ERGO+NIV compared with ERGO+RMT and ERGO (P=0.01).ConclusionsCombining RMT or NIV with cycling exercise training failed to provide further improvement in functional capacity as compared with cycling exercise training alone. However, the combination of NIV and exercise training demonstrated superiority for improving cardiometabolic risk factors in obese CPAP-treated patients with OAS.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERResults, NCT01155271.
Geochemical applications in petroleum systems analysis: new constraints and the power of integration
Authors: Lawson M. , Formolo M. J. , Summa L. , Eiler J. M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the role that geochemistry plays in petroleum systems analysis, and how this can be used to derive constraints on the key elements and processes that give rise to a successful petroleum system. We discuss the history of petroleum geochemistry before reflecting on the next frontier in geochemical applications in hydrocarbon systems. We then review the individual contributions to this Special Publication. These papers present new geochemical techniques that allow us to develop a more systematic understanding of critical petroleum system elements; including the temperature and timing of source-rock deposition and maturation, the mechanisms and timescales associated with hydrocarbon migration, trapping, storage and alteration, and the impact of fluid flow on reservoir properties. Finally, we provide a practical example of how these different geochemical techniques can be integrated to constrain and generate a robust understanding of the prolific Paleozoic petroleum system of the Bighorn Basin.
F17-Chalk: new insights in the tectonic history of the Dutch Central Graben
Authors: van Lochem Henk 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Wintershall Noordzee BV recently discovered and appraised two Chalk oil fields (Rembrandt and Vermeer) in the Dutch North Sea with wells F17-10, F17-11, F17-12 and F17-13x. Extensive core material is available, and biostratigraphical analysis plus sedimentological evaluation results are presented here. Integration of these data with detailed 3D seismic interpretation results in interesting conclusions on the tectonic inversion of the Dutch Central Graben. It can be determined that the main inversion event is the Sub-Hercynian Phase, after which an island was formed in the Chalk sea during the Campanian and Maastrichtian. Around this island, erosion products can be found in the Chalk intervals. These sediments are time and facies comparable to the Vaals Formation in the south of The Netherlands, adjacent to the inverted Roer Valley Graben. Maastrichtian sediments are seen to onlap onto the island, decreasing it in size and influence as a sediment source. It is proposed that the Laramide inversion phase in the Dutch Central Graben is a period of non-deposition and, possibly, this is also the case for most of the other Dutch inverted basins.
The pre-Silurian Riachão basin: a new perspective on the basement of the Parnaíba basin, NE Brazil
Authors: Porto Amanda , Daly Michael C. , La Terra Emanuele , Fontes Sergio 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

We present a new interpretation of the basement immediately below the pre-Silurian unconformity in the mid-western part of the Parnaíba cratonic basin. Regional seismic reflection data, constrained by well and gravity data, have revealed the remnants of a pre-Silurian basin named the Riachão basin. It has a north–south trend and is about 120 km wide with a minimum area of
c.
35 000 km
2
and a maximum thickness of 4 km. Seismic interpretation shows the Riachão basin is defined by erosional unconformities at its top (the pre-Silurian unconformity) and base (the top of the pre-Riachão basement). The basin fill is formed of three stratigraphic sequences – Riachão I, II and III – separated by seismic discontinuities and laterally bounded by monoclinal folds and basement uplifts related to thrust faults. Exploration wells show that the Riachão sediments are Ediacaran to Lower Cambrian, clastic and a minimum of 1 km thick, unconformably overlying a heterogeneous metamorphic basement. The mechanism of formation of the basin is unclear. However, our seismic stratigraphic interpretation suggests that Riachão II and III are remnants of marine, clastic, foreland basin sequences of opposed polarity, related to late Neoproterozoic tectonics. The banded, high-amplitude, Riachão I sequence is interpreted as a carbonate platform preceding the main subsidence and clastic input of the Riachão basin.