bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of destruction of polyethylene modified with pro-oxidants in the context of environmental safety
Authors: Protasov A. V. , Studenikina L. N. , Korchagin V. I. , Akhmetova N. G. , Rebrova Yu. A. 
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the results of the evaluation of the destruction of polyethylene LDPE (hereinafter-PE), modified by prooxidants based on iron, copper and cobalt carboxylates (in the amount of 1.5 mass. % ) with accelerated thermal and ultraviolet aging for 192 hours. The assessment of degradation in the context of environmental safety included the determination of the degree of compliance of the materials with the requirements of state standard 33747-2016 "Oxo-biodegradable packaging", according to which the criterion of the efficiency of oxobiodestructionpolyolefins may be a decrease in strength and elongation at break of the sample at accelerated aging, as well as the quantitative determination of the release of formaldehyde during thermal degradation modified with prooxidants PE for comparison with the maximum permissible concentration. The rheological parameters of the materials were studied and a comparative assessment of the melt viscosity reduction and reduction with respect to elongation at break in the dynamics of accelerated thermal and UV aging of the PE modified with prooxidants in the selected time interval of 192 hours of exposure was carried out. A decrease in the relative elongation at rupture of PE containing cobalt - based prooxidant by 94% at thermal aging for 192 hours, and by 46% at ultraviolet was established. For PE modified with copper carboxylate, these values were 64 and 33 %, respectively, for PE modified with iron carboxylate – 35% and 40%, respectively. The reduction of strength by 95% of the initial value for 192 hours of temperature exposure was achieved in a sample modified with cobalt, which confirms its compliance with state standard 33747-2016. For other samples, the degree of strength reduction in the selected time interval does not allow to assess compliance with the specified standard. The release of formaldehyde during thermal aging for 192 hours per 1 g of the PE sample modified with cobalt carboxylate was 0.051 mg/m3, for PE modified with copper carboxylate – 0.032 mg/m3, for PE modified with iron carboxylate – 0.034 mg/m3. Installed excessive concentrations of formaldehyde in air hood PH with the carboxylate of cobalt 1.2 times under thermal aging 96 hours and 1.5 times the thermal ageing of a maximum of 192 hours. The reduction of the viscosity of PE containing cobalt – based prooxidant by 90% at thermal aging for 192 hours and by 10% at ultraviolet was recorded. For PE modified with copper carboxylate, these values were 9 and 2 %, respectively, for PE modified with iron carboxylate – 8 and 5%, respectively.
Implementasi Pendidikan Multikultural Pada Anak-Anak Melalui Model Pembelajaran Bermain Peran
Authors: Deiniatur Much 
Published: December 2018

<p>Multicultural education is very important to be applied in Indonesia. This is motivated by several reasons, one of them is globalization. Globalization gives rise to opportunities, threats and challenges to human life. One impact is the nation's culture. Nations are not able to manage the diversity will experience a loss of local and national identity.</p><p>Multicultural education is a strategy in offering a powerful strategy of cultural transformation through education that is able to appreciate cultural differences.One of strategy to teach Multicultural Education is through role play. Children can play the roles chosen by the teacher.</p><p>In a role-play, the teacher can teach a wide range of vocabulary, traditional clothes, traditional house, and folk songs. Children will also feel happy when playing a certain role.</p><p><br /> Keywords: Multicultural Education, Role Playing, Kids</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p> </p><p>Pendidikan Multikultural sangat penting untuk diterapkan di Indonesia. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa sebab, salah satunya adalah globlalisasi. Globlaisasi melahirkan peluang, ancaman, dan tantangan bagi kehidupan manusia. Salah satu imbasnya adalah kebudayaan bangsa. Bangsa yang tidak mampu mengelola kemajemukan akan mengalami kehilangan jati diri lokal dan nasionalnya.</p><p>Pendidikan Multikultural merupakan strategi dalam menawarkan strategi transformasi budaya yang ampuh melalui pendidikan yang mampu menghargai perbedaan budaya.</p><p>Salah satu cara untuk mengajar Pendidikan Multikultural adalah melalui bermain peran. Anak-anak dapat memainkan peran-peran yang dipilihkan oleh gurunya.</p><p>Dalam bermain peran, guru dapat mengajarkan berbagai kosa kata, pakaian daerah, rumah istiadat, dan lagu daerah. Anak-anak juga akan merasa senang ketika memainkan peran tertentu.</p><p> Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Multikultural, Role Playing, Anak-anak</p>
Comparison of clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention versus optimal medical therapy based on gray-zone fractional flow reserve in stable angina patients with intermediate coronary artery stenosis (COMFORTABLE prospective study): Study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kitabata Hironori , Kubo Takashi , Shiono Yasutsugu , Shimamura Kunihiro , Ino Yasushi , Tanimoto Takashi , Hayashi Yasushi , Komukai Kenichi , Sougawa Hiromichi , Kimura Keizo , Gohda Masahiro , Hashizume Toshikazu , Obana Masahiro , Maeda Kazuisa , Yamaguchi Junichi , Akasaka Takashi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Even in the current drug-eluting stent era, revascularization for coronary stenosis with fractional flow reserve (FFR) between 0.75 and 0.80, the so-called “gray zone”, is a matter of debate. Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding outcomes of revascularization vs. deferral for coronary stenosis when FFR values in the gray zone, but have had differing study designs and populations. We therefore investigate whether medical therapy plus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is superior to medical therapy alone in reducing major cardiovascular events in patients presenting coronary stenosis with gray-zone FFR values.
Methods: This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, parallel group, randomized, controlled, superiority study. A total of 410 eligible participants will be recruited and randomized to either the medical therapy plus PCI or the medical therapy alone group. The primary endpoint is one-year major adverse cardiac event (MACE), defined as a combined endpoint of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or unplanned target vessel revascularization (TVR). Secondary endpoints include MACE at 2 and 5 years. Moreover, each individual component of the primary endpoint, cardiovascular death, target vessel-related and non-target vessel-related MI, all MI, clinically-driven TVR or non-TVR, all revascularization, stent thrombosis, and angina symptom status will be evaluated at 1, 2, and 5 years.
Discussion: This is the first prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled study to investigate the superiority of medical therapy plus PCI over medical therapy by itself in reducing major cardiovascular events in patients presenting coronary stenosis with “gray-zone” FFR values. The results will help interventional cardiologists in making revascularization decisions regarding coronary stenosis with gray-zone FFR values.
Trial registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, ID: UMIN000031526. Registered on 1 March 2018.
Key Words: Coronary physiology, fractional flow reserve, medical therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention
Effect of Volatile and Intravenous Anesthesia on Long-Term Survival of Cancer Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gong Li , Dong Chao , Cai Qian , Ouyang Wen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background The impact of volatile anesthesia (INHA) and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) on the long-term survival of patients after oncology surgery is a subject of controversy. The purpose of this study was to make overall evaluation of the association between these two anesthetic techniques and long-term prognosis of oncology patients after surgery.
Methods Databases were searched according to the PRISMA guidelines up to September 30, 2018. Hazard ratios (HRs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated after multivariable analyses and propensity score (PS) adjustments. Eight retrospective cohort articles reporting data on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were included. An inverse variance random effects meta-analysis was conducted. The Newcastle Scale was used to assess methodological quality and bias.
Results In total, about 18922 cancer patients observed were included in the meta-analysis, of which 10433 cases were available for analysis in INHA and 8489 in TIVA group. Compared to TIVA, INHA showed a shorter OS (HR =1.27, 95% CI 1.069 to 1.516, p=0.007), with a medium heterogeneity (Q-test p=0.003, I-squared=67.6%). However, no significant differences were identified between INHA and TIVA group (HR =1.10, 95% CI 0.729 to 1.659, p=0.651) concerning RFS albeit from a limited data pool. When a subgroup analysis was performed by race, the association was more likely to be observed in the Asian studies (HR=1.46, 95%CI 1.19–1.8, p =0.00), with a much lower heterogeneity (Q-test p=0.148, I-squared=44%). When comparison was done only in breast cancer patients, no significant differences were found for OS (HR=1.625, 95%CI 0.273-9.67, p=0.594) between INHA and TIVA.
Conclusion TIVA for cancer surgery might be associated with better OS compared to INHA. The effect of INHA and TIVA on OS and RFS in the perioperative setting remains uncertain, cancer-specific, and has low-level evidence at present. Randomized controlled trials are required in future work.
Visual Field Characteristics of Normal Subjects using the Peripheral 60-4 Test for Stimulus Sizes III, V, and VI
Authors: Wall Michael , Marín-Franch Iván , Haas Jordan , Johnson Chris A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate whether the visual field characteristics, which are well known for Goldmann stimulus size III in the central 30°, hold true for the 30°–60° visual field for stimulus sizes III, V and VI.
Methods: One eye of 60 healthy participants ages 19–78 years, mean age 49.5 ± 18.0 were tested with stimulus sizes III, V and VI on two separate visits with the Humphrey 60–4 program. Pointwise between-subject variability of the average visual field of the two visits was estimated after correcting for age effects as the standard deviation across subjects. Within-subject variability was estimated as the standard deviation of the differences between visits.
Results: For the 60–4 testing, the age-corrected mean sensitivity over all test locations was smallest for size III at 22 dB. It was 7 dB greater for size V and 9 dB greater for size VI. Sensitivities decreased by about 0.38, 0.34 and 0.31 dB / degree eccentricity with sizes III, V, and VI, respectively. The differences in mean sensitivity and in eccentricity effects were statistically significant among sizes (p < 0.001). Pointwise between- and within-subject variability was greatest in the nasal and superior visual field and inversely proportional to stimulus size.
Conclusions: Visual field sensitivity was lower for smaller stimulus sizes and decreased with eccentricity and age. The between- and within-subject variability decreased with increasing stimulus size. These findings provide a basis for quantitative assessment of 60-4 visual field properties in patients with ocular and neurologic disorders.
Keywords: Perimetry, Visual Field, Vision Testing
La importancia del reconocimiento legal de la consulta previa a comunidades campesinas en el Perú
Authors: Guerrero Carranza Gilberto Vladimir , Vásquez Sánchez José Ronald 
Published: December 2018

El artículo 1 del Convenio 169 de la OIT (Organización Internacional del Trabajo, 1989) institucionaliza el derecho de consulta previa enfocado en garantizar a los pueblos indígenas que tengan una participación más interviniente cada vez que el Estado tome decisiones de carácter político, social y económico en los procesos que puedan afectar el entorno cultural de las mismas. La ley N° 29785 (Congreso de la República, 2011) promulgada el 6 de septiembre de 2011 regula el derecho a la consulta previa de los pueblos indígenas u originarios del país, la misma que no regula a las comunidades campesinas como sujetos de la presente norma. Esto es, en principio una acción muy reprochable debido a que actualmente se viene realizando actividades de exploración y explotación en territorio campesino sin tener en cuenta la afectación al derecho constitucional avivir y desarrollarse en un ambiente sano y equilibrado para el desarrollo de la vida. La propuesta planteada es que el derecho a la consulta previa debe aplicarse tanto a comunidades nativas como a las comunidades campesinas, porque la mera realización de una actividad minera afecta derechos fundamentales y el entorno cultural, con la finalidad de prevenir posibles conflictos sociales.
El Tribunal Constitucional y el rol del juez constitucional
Authors: Miranda Canales Manuel 
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo introducir algunas ideas sobre la naturaleza del Tribunal Constitucional en general, y del rol del juez constitucional en particular. En ese sentido, se resalta la labor del Tribunal Constitucional peruano como garante de los derechos fundamentales y la separación de poderes dentro de todo Estado constitucional que se precie de serlo.
Decisiones judiciales referidas al comercio electrónico en la Argentina desde el derecho de consumidores y usuarios
Authors: Tambussi Carlos Eduardo 
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo reseña los principales fallos de los tribunales argentinos, dictados contemporáneamente con la vigencia del Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación, y aun anteriores, donde se incorporan las primeras normas nacionales regulatorias del comercio electrónico en el marco de los contratos de consumo y especialmente dirigidas a los derechos de los consumidores en lo que respecta a la responsabilidad por daños de los llamados “portales de venta”, la jurisdicciónaplicable, el ejercicio del derecho de arrepentimiento y las interpretaciones desde el derecho administrativo sancionatorio. En esos aspectos se aprecia una tendencia con algunos retrocesos al avance en la protección del consumidor, a la par que se aprecia con mayor claridad la necesidad de mayor precisión regulatoria y normativa específica, para continuar en el camino de regulaciónde esta manera cada vez más generalizada de realizar actos de consumo, y para muchos bienes y servicios, la única posibilidad.
La nulidad del acto administrativo en la legislación administrativa general
Authors: Ponce Rivera Carlos Alexander , Muñoz Ccuro Felipa Elvira 
Published: December 2018

El procedimiento administrativo es un conjunto de trámites que tienen por finalidad lograr que la Administración pueda cumplir con su función reguladora a través de una declaración que debe estar revestida de un conjunto de elementos que garantizan que cumpla con su finalidad. Sin embargo, siempre existe la posibilidad de que la declaración emitida sea errada, obligando a la Administración a actuar para eliminarla del ordenamiento jurídico y con ella todos sus efectos, lo cual no es automático, sino que requiere de la existencia de alguna de las causales expresamente establecidas en la ley y además de la demostración de que el acto que se pretende anular agravia al interés público, algo que no siempre es fácil de alegar o demostrar. Asimismo, la declaraciónde nulidad está precedida de un análisis en donde concurre el administrado mismo al hacer uso de su derecho de defensa. El presente artículo aborda desde una perspectiva doctrinaria algunos de los aspectos más importantes de una de las instituciones más importantes del derecho administrativo, partiendo de la conceptualización del acto administrativo, definiendo el concepto de nulidad y diferenciándolo de la anulabilidad, pero bajo una perspectiva guiada por los principios que regulan el derecho público, desarrollando las causales para su declaración de las formas que la legislación reconoce para ello.
Canon y regalías mineras: situación actual y propuesta de políticas para su aplicación eficiente
Authors: Medrano Sánchez María Isabel , Obeso Cuadra Jessica Karina , Morón Paredes Geraldo , Masías Vidal José Luis , Moreano Márquez Wendy Lidia , García Segovia María Eugenia , Coveñas Lalupu José 
Published: December 2018

El Perú es un país que goza de una larga tradición minera en América Latina y el mundo. Se le conoce por ser el segundo productor de cobre, plata y zinc a nivel mundial. En América Latina, ocupa el primer lugar en la producción de oro, zinc y plomo. Posee las mayores reservas de plata del mundo y se ubica en tercer lugar en reservas de cobre a nivel mundial, mientras que en Latinoamérica lidera el ranking en reservas de plomo, zinc y molibdeno. Ello refleja el enormepotencial mineralógico que alberga. Es un país bendecido con la existencia de estos recursos naturales y la potestad de su aprovechamiento recae en el Estado, pues fija las condiciones para su aprovechamiento, el mismo que tiene que ser sostenible, y la generación de riquezas proveniente de ese aprovechamiento debe ser repartido de una manera justa y equilibrada a toda la Nación. Sin embargo, nuestro modelo de distribución del canon minero previsto constitucionalmente en el artículo 77, con el reconocimiento del derecho que le asiste a los Gobiernos locales y regionales para recibir una porción de lo recaudado en beneficio de su comunidad, calculado sobre la base de la totalidad de ingresos y rentas provenientes de la explotación de recursos naturales desus circunscripciones, presenta serias deficiencias, advirtiéndose desigualdad social, corrupción y conflictos sociales. El Congreso de la República aprobó en 2018 la utilización de los recursos del canon para el financiamiento de proyectos de vivienda social; sin embargo, consideramos que si bien es cierto representa avance en la utilización del canon, existen problemas graves que requierende otras medidas; por ejemplo, vemos un pueblo rico conviviendo al costado de otro pobre en cuyas áreas se realiza actividad minera, visualizando una inequidad en la distribución y utilización del canon minero. ¿Qué hacer? Contestando la interrogante, planteamos la implementación depolíticas para la repartición y manejo del canon minero mediante cinco recomendaciones que presentamos al final de este artículo, para su utilización eficiente. No proponemos el ejercicio irrestricto de las prácticas fiscales sino mejoras en su reasignación, división y utilización con la finalidad de mermar la inequidad y desigualdad de los pueblos.
THE ROLE OF NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION
Authors: Минаева Татьяна , Minaeva Tatyana 
Published: December 2018

The second decade of the XXI century has seen major changes concerning the activities of non-profit organizations. First, the status of non-profit organizations (NPOs) as a subject of social policy has significantly improved, aided by some changes in the socioeconomic structure of various states after the global crisis. This trend is characteristic of most developed countries in the world. Secondly, the NPOs have become more popular among the population: as a result, both the number of NPO members and their professionalism have increased. Thirdly, government agencies are responding to modern challenges and become actively engaged in the development and implementation of mechanisms supporting and enabling socially oriented NPOs. All these factors show that the activity of non-profit organizations is becoming an integral part of socio-economic processes that improve the quality of life of the population. A list of public utility services provided by NPOs covers the main range of indicators of quality of life of the population. About 60 percent of the more than 223 thousand NPOs registered in the country have received the status of socially oriented nonprofit organizations (SONPOs), which allows them to rely on state support. To further enhance the effectiveness of socially oriented non-profit organizations one should: improve the regulatory framework, including preferential loans and banking services for socially oriented NGOs; develop the supportive infrastructure for socially oriented NPOs; share experience, e.g. through the establishment of advisory centers and implementation of mentoring in the field SONPOs; include SONPOs in assessing the effectiveness of the authorities in the field of social policy; inform citizens about the possibilities to receive services from the SONPOs and their activities in general.
GC-MS Characterization of Phyto-Components in the Ethanolic and Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Cocos nucifera Endocarp and Evaluation of their Antimalarial Potential
Authors: Aggarwal Babita , Sharma Pankaj , Lamba Hardarshan Singh 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Plants are rich and cheap source of active phytoconstituents. Present study
was performed in order to authenticate the traditional use of Cocos nucifera in malaria treatment as
well as to search an alternative for drug resistant parasites.

Objective:
In the present investigation, ethanolic (ACN) and hydroalcoholic (HACN) extracts of Cocos
nucifera endocarp were evaluated for antimalarial potential as well as subjected to GC-MS
analysis to characterize the bioactive components.

Methods:
In vitro antiplasmodial activity of ACN and HACN was assessed against P. falciparum
strains MRC-02 (CQ sensitive) and RKL-09 (CQ resistant) and percentage schizont maturation inhibition
was determined. To confirm the antimalarial potential, in vivo Peter’s 4-Day suppressive test
using P. berghei strain was performed at a dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day for 4 consecutive days. Bioactive
components were characterized by the application of Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometric
technique to the extracts.

Results:
Promising in vitro antiplasmodial activity was exhibited by both alcoholic (ACN) and hydroalcoholic
(HACN) extracts against P. falciparum strains MRC-02 (CQ sensitive) with IC50 values
< 5 µg/mL. HACN (% Suppression = 75.43 ± 0.18; MST=19.21 days) and ACN (% Suppression =
34.65 ± 0.11; MST=10.11 days) showed moderate in vivo antimalarial activity (p < 0.05) at dose 50
mg/Kg while standard drug chloroquine (8mg/kg) suppressed 100% parasitaemia. Twenty compounds
have been identified and characterized by GC-MS studies.
Research on Optimal CDMA Multiuser Detection Based on Stochastic Hopfield Neural Network
Authors: Fan Tongke 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Most of the common multi-user detection techniques have the shortcomings
of large computation and slow operation. For Hopfield neural networks, there are some problems
such as high-speed searching ability and parallel processing, but there are local convergence problems.

Objective:
The stochastic Hopfield neural network avoids local convergence by introducing noise
into the state variables and then achieves the optimal detection.

Methods:
Based on the study of CDMA communication model, this paper presents and models the
problem of multi-user detection. Then a new stochastic Hopfield neural network is obtained by introducing
a stochastic disturbance into the traditional Hopfield neural network. Finally, the problem
of CDMA multi-user detection is simulated.

Conclusion:
The results show that the introduction of stochastic disturbance into Hopfield neural
network can help the neural network to jump out of the local minimum, thus achieving the minimum
and improving the performance of the neural network.