bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomoxetine for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with autism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Patra Suravi , Nebhinani Naresh , Viswanathan Anand , Kirubakaran Richard 
Published: January 2019

Atomoxetine is prescribed to children with autism spectrum disorder having symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We sought to examine the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in this population. After screening for inclusion criteria, we identified three randomized placebo controlled trials involving 241 children. We assessed internal validity using standard Cochrane Risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used Revman 5.3 for meta‐analysis and GRADE approach to create summary of findings with grading of the quality of evidence. Atomoxetine had a benefit on improving parent‐rated hyperactivity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.73, 95% Confidence Interval, CI = −1.15 to −0.34) and parent‐rated inattention (SMD = −0.53, 95% CI = −0.93 to −0.12) but the magnitude of effects is uncertain. However, atomoxetine was also associated with increased risk of non‐serious adverse effects like nausea and vomiting, decreased sleep, and decreased appetite. Atomoxetine may be effective in improving hyperactivity and inattention in children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, we are uncertain about the true effect of this intervention and need more RCTs trials designed to evaluate this. Autism Research 2019, 12: 542–552. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAtomoxetine is prescribed for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). About a third of children and adolescents with autism also suffer from ADHD. We carried out an analysis of data reported from a specific kind of medication trials which had examined the effectiveness and side effects of atomoxetine in this patient population. We could find only three such trials and analyzed the reported data. Our analysis revealed that atomoxetine is effective in improving symptoms of ADHD like hyperactivity and inattention and also causes side effects like nausea, vomiting, decreased sleep, and decreased appetite. However, the existing data are insufficient to provide a conclusive statement with certainty and more trials are needed for this.
Oncogenic functions of protein kinase D2 and D3 in regulating multiple cancer‐related pathways in breast cancer
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Jian , Ma Zhifang , Zhang Jun , Wang Yuzhi , Yu Zhenghong , Lin Xue , Xu Zhi , Su Qian , An Li , Zhou Yehui , Ma Xinxing , Yang Yiwen , Wang Feifei , Chen Qingfei , Zhang Yunchao , Wang Jilinlin , Zheng Huilin , Shi Aihua , Yu Shuang , Zhang Jingzhong , Zhao Weiyong , Chen Liming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProtein Kinase D (PKD) family contains PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 in human. Compared to consistent tumor‐suppressive functions of PKD1 in breast cancer, how PKD2/3 functions in breast cancer are not fully understood. In the current study, we found that PKD2 and PKD3 but not PKD1 were preferentially overexpressed in breast cancer and involved in regulating cell proliferation and metastasis. Integrated phosphoproteome, transcriptome, and interactome showed that PKD2 was associated with multiple cancer‐related pathways, including adherent junction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and cell cycle‐related pathways. ELAVL1 was identified as a common hub‐node in networks of PKD2/3‐regulated phosphoproteins and genes. Silencing ELAVL1 inhibited breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Direct interaction between ELAVL1 and PKD2 or PKD3 was demonstrated. Suppression of PKD2 led to ELAVL1 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus without significant affecting ELAVL1 expression. Taken together, we characterized the oncogenic functions of PKD2/3 in breast cancer and their association with cancer‐related pathways, which shed lights on the oncogenic roles and mechanisms of PKDs in breast cancer.
Prediagnosis obesity and secondary primary cancer risk in female cancer survivors: A national cohort study
Authors: Jung So‐Youn , Kim Young Ae , Jo Minkyung , Park Sang Min , Won Young‐Joo , Ghang Haryeom , Kong Sun‐Young , Jung Kyu‐Won , Lee Eun Sook 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI) before the diagnosis of the first primary cancer on the development of secondary primary cancers (SPCs) in female cancer survivors.MethodsThis study population included 146 377 Korean female cancer survivors whose first primary cancer was diagnosed between 2002 and 2010. The incidence of SPCs was evaluated throughout follow‐up until December 2011. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios of SPCs with prediagnosis BMI and compared it to those of first cancers in the general population.ResultsAfter 565 877 person‐years of follow‐up, 2222 patients with SPC were observed. The higher BMI was more in female cancer survivors than in general population. The age‐standardized incidence rate of cancer in cancer survivors was 2.02 times higher than that of the general population. There were positive linear trends between prediagnosis BMI and risk of overall, colorectal, ovary, thyroid, and obesity‐related SPCs. In addition, the BMI‐SPC risk association was statistically significant in female cancer survivors without smoking history (Ptrend = 0.001) and with a localized first primary cancer (Ptrend = 0.014). However, the magnitude of the BMI‐SPC risk association was similar to that for first cancers in the general population (Pheterogeneity = 0.403 in BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2).ConclusionsIn female cancer survivors, prediagnosis obesity was a risk factor for overall, individual, and obesity‐related SPCs. However, the magnitude of the BMI‐SPC risk association was similar to that for first cancers in the general population.
Adjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation is associated with improved survival for resected stage I‐II pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ma Sung Jun , Hermann Gregory M. , Prezzano Kavitha M. , Serra Lucas M. , Iovoli Austin J. , Singh Anurag K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis National Cancer Database (NCDB) analysis evaluates the clinical outcomes of postoperative chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation (C + CRT) compared to concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) alone or adjuvant chemotherapy alone (C) for resected pancreatic cancer.MethodsThe NCDB was queried for primary stage I‐II, cT1‐3N0‐1M0, resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant C, CRT, or C + CRT (2004‐2015). Patients treated with C + CRT were compared with those treated with C (cohort C) and CRT (cohort CRT). Baseline patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were examined. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazards method, forest plot, and propensity score matching were used.ResultsAmong 5667 patients, median follow‐up was 34.7, 45.2, and 39.7 months for the C, CRT, and C + CRT cohorts, respectively. By multivariable analysis for all patients, C and CRT had worse OS compared to C + CRT. Treatment interactions were seen among pathologically node‐positive disease. C + CRT was favored in 1‐3 and 4+ positive lymph node diseases when compared to C or CRT alone, but none of the treatment options were significantly favored in node negative disease. Using propensity score matching, 2152 patients for cohort C and 1774 patients for cohort CRT were matched. C + CRT remained significant for improved OS for both cohort C (median OS 23.3 vs 20.0 months) and cohort CRT (median OS 23.4 vs 20.8 months).ConclusionThis NCDB study using propensity score matched analysis suggests an OS benefit for C + CRT compared to C or CRT alone following surgical resection of pancreatic cancer, particularly for patients with pathologically positive lymph nodes.
Synthesis of Micro/Nano‐Flower NiXCo−P−O for High‐Performance Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Jun , Yang Ping , Wang Shaohua , Shi Jianjun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicro/nanomaterials consisting of NiΧCo−P−O were synthesized via a facile, one‐pot solvothermal method and then used as positive electrode materials in asymmetric supercapacitors. The obtained NixCo−P−O (sample C) electrode materials displayed a typical micro/nano‐flower morphology. A large capacitance of 956 F g−1 could be delivered when NixCo−P−O (sample C) composites were used as electrodes in supercapacitors. Furthermore, a high cell voltage (1.8 V), which allowed a high energy density of 47.68 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 884.78 W kg−1, was obtained using micro/nano‐flowers NixCo−P−O (sample C)//activated carbon (AC) in an asymmetric capacitor (ASC). The high electrochemical performance and typical micro/nano‐flower morphology make the NixCo−P−O composites (sample C) promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Soft Crystals: Flexible Response Systems with High Structural Order
Authors: Kato Masako , Ito Hajime , Hasegawa Miki , Ishii Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new material concept of soft crystals is proposed. Soft crystals respond to gentle stimuli such as vapor exposure and rubbing but maintain their structural order and exhibit remarkable visual changes in their shape, color, and luminescence. Various interesting examples of soft crystals are introduced in the article. By exploring the interesting formation and phase‐transition phenomena of soft crystals through interdisciplinary collaboration, new materials having both the characteristics of ordered hard crystals and those of flexible soft matter are expected.
Monodisperse Six‐Armed Starbursts based on Truxene‐Cored Multibranched Oligofluorenes: Design, Synthesis, and Stabilized Lasing Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Xu , Lu Ting‐Ting , Lv Peng , Lai Wen‐Yong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of monodisperse six‐armed conjugated starbursts (Tr1F, Tr2F, and Tr3F) containing a truxene core and multibranched oligofluorene bridges capped with diphenylamine (DPA) units has been designed, synthesized, and investigated as robust gain media for organic semiconductor lasers (OSLs). The influence of electron‐rich DPA end groups on their optoelectronic characteristics has been discussed at length. DPA cappers effectively raise HOMO levels of the starbursts, thus enhancing the hole injection and transport ability. Solution‐processed electroluminescence devices based on the resulting six‐armed starbursts exhibited efficient deep‐blue electroluminescence with clear reduced turn‐on voltages (3.2–3.5 V). Moreover, the resulting six‐armed molecules showed stabilized electroluminescence and amplified spontaneous emission with low thresholds (27.4–63.9 nJ pulse−1), high net gain coefficients (80.1–101.3 cm−1), and small optical loss (2.6–4.4 cm−1). Distributed feedback OSLs made from Tr3F exhibited a low lasing threshold of 0.31 kW cm−2 (at 465 nm). The results suggest that the construction of truxene‐centered six‐armed conjugated starbursts with the incorporation of DPA units can effectively enhance EL properties by precisely regulating the HOMO energy levels, and further optimizing their optical gain properties.
Exploring the Mechanism of a Chiral N‐Alkyl Imine‐Based Light‐Driven Molecular Rotary Motor at MS‐CASPT2//CASSCF and MS‐CASPT2//(TD) DFT Levels
Authors: Li Yuanying , Wang Wenliang , Liu Fengyi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe working mechanism including the photoisomerization and thermal isomerization steps of a chiral N‐alkyl imine‐based motor synthesized by Lehn et al. are revealed by MS‐CASPT2//CASSCF and MS‐CASPT2//(TD‐)DFT methods. For the photoisomerization process of the imine‐based motor, it involves both the bright (π,π*) state and the dark (n,π*) state. In addition, the MECI has similar geometry and energy to the minimum of the S1 state, which shows that the process is barrierless and keeps the unidirectionality of rotation well; the result confirms the imine‐based motor is a good candidate for a light‐driven molecular rotary motor. For the thermal isomerization process of the imine‐based motor, there are two even isomerization paths: one with the mechanism of the in‐plane N inversion, the energy barriers of which are 29.6 kcal mol−1 at MS3‐CASPT2//CAM‐B3LYP level and 29.2 kcal mol−1 at MS3‐CASPT2//CASSCF level; the other with the mechanism of ring inversion of the cycloheptatriene moiety, with energy barriers of 28.1 kcal mol−1 at MS3‐CASPT2//CAM‐B3LYP level and 18.1 kcal mol−1 at MS3‐CASPT2//CASSCF level. According to the structural feature of the stator moiety, the imine molecule can be used as a two‐step or a four‐step light‐driven rotary motor.
Successful treatment of severe cholinergic urticaria with omalizumab: A case report
Authors: Yamasaki Aoi , Oda Yoshiko , Tanizaki Hideaki , Otsuka Toshihiro , Fukunaga Atsushi , Nishigori Chikako , Moriwaki Shinichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOmalizumab, a humanized anti‐IgE monoclonal antibody, has been approved in Japan for the treatment of antihistamine‐resistant idiopathic chronic spontaneous urticaria. We herein report a 27‐year‐old Japanese woman suffering from a 2‐year history of severe cholinergic urticaria (sweat allergy‐type), which was unresponsive to various H2‐antihistamines and other medication but was successfully treated with omalizumab. The patient showed rapid and marked reduction in her symptoms of urticaria after the first injection of omalizumab (300 mg). She has been receiving omalizumab treatment quaque 4 weeks (q4w) three times and subsequent q6w six times, followed by maintenance treatment q8w without any adverse reactions for a total of 68 weeks. Although further large‐scale clinical investigation is needed, omalizumab may be a beneficial therapeutic remedy for patients with intractable, chronic inducible urticaria including cholinergic urticaria.
Electrical Double Layer as a Model of Interaction between Cellulose and Solid Acid Catalysts of Hydrolysis
Authors: Tarabanko Nikolay , Tarabanko Valery E. , Kukhtetskiy Sergey V. , Taran Oxana P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSolid acid catalysts of cellulose hydrolysis in aqueous media attract considerable research interest because of the ease of their separation from the reaction products. The nature of interaction between the two solids is a relevant topic of ongoing research. One aspect of behavior of solid acids in water was not previously discussed in literature with regard to hydrolysis of cellulose: electrolytic dissociation and formation of electric double layers. In this work, on theoretical level, we consider the role of the double layer created by the solid acid when cellulose hydrolysis takes place. The diffuse layer of protons is regarded as the medium where the hydrolysis reaction occurs. Protonation of cellulose by these protons imparts positive charge onto its surface, and cellulose is electrostatically attracted to the polyanion of the catalyst. Thus, the two solid surfaces stay close to each other despite Brownian motion; this allows explaining the high activity of solid catalysts even when chemisorption of carbohydrates on a catalyst is not favorable.
Evaluating Within‐Subject Variability for Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs
Authors: Jayachandran Priya , Okochi Hideaki , Frassetto Lynda A. , Park Wansu , Fang Lanyan , Zhao Liang , Benet Leslie Z. 
Published: January 2019

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reference‐scaled average bioequivalence approach scales the bioequivalence (BE) limits of narrow therapeutic index drugs (NTIDs) to the intrasubject or within‐subject variability (WSV) of the reference‐listed drug. A clinical study was conducted to evaluate the WSV of warfarin (Coumadin), 10 mg, administered to 10 healthy volunteers exhibiting similar cytochrome P450 2C9 and vitamin K epoxide reductase alleles on 3 study days. Individual intrasubject coefficients of variation for maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve (0‐72 hour) ranged from 3.7–15% and from 4.3–16.2%, respectively (R‐warfarin) and from 5.4–19.1% and from 2.5–11.9%, respectively (S‐warfarin). Two BE tests were performed on a WSV distribution obtained by bootstrapping 1,000 replicates of the clinical data, yielding passing rates of 95–97% for the mean comparison and 84–87% for the variability comparison. The variability comparison passing rate was lower than expected for an NTID product tested against itself, but it may provide further assurance of BE.
Climate and food diversity as drivers of mammal diversity in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Feng Gang , Yan Hui , Yang Xueting 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTraditionally, geographical distribution of biodiversity is assumed to be codetermined by multiple factors, for example, temperature, precipitation, environmental heterogeneity, and biotic interactions. However, few studies have simultaneously compared the relative roles of these factors in shaping the mammal diversity patterns for different feeding groups, that is, herbivores, insectivores, and carnivores. In this study, we assessed the relations between mammal diversity and current climate (mean annual temperature and precipitation), altitudinal range as well as mammal's food diversity in Inner Mongolia. Our results showed that the species richness for the three feeding guilds of mammals consistently increased with their food diversity, that is, species richness of plants, insects, and rodents. Mammal diversity also significantly decreased with mean annual temperature and precipitation. Random Forest models indicated that climate and food diversity were always included in the combinations of variables most associated with mammal diversity. Our findings suggest that while climate is an important predictor of large scale distribution of mammal diversity, biotic interactions, that is, food diversity, could also play important roles.
Impaired left atrial strain predicts abnormal exercise haemodynamics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Telles Fernando , Nanayakkara Shane , Evans Shona , Patel Hitesh C. , Mariani Justin A. , Vizi Donna , William Jeremy , Marwick Thomas H. , Kaye David M. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundElevated left atrial (LA) pressure, particularly during exercise, is associated with symptomatic status and survival in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to characterize the contribution of abnormal LA mechanical properties to exercise haemodynamics in HFpEF.Methods and resultsSimultaneous echocardiography and right heart catheterization were performed in 71 subjects with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50% referred for assessment of exertional dyspnoea. According to haemodynamic evaluation, 49 patients were diagnosed with HFpEF [pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≥ 15 mmHg at rest and/or ≥ 25 mmHg at maximal exertion] and 22 as non‐cardiac dyspnoea. Apical two‐ and four‐chamber views were used for blinded two‐dimensional LA speckle tracking analysis. HFpEF was characterized by impaired LA reservoir (24.3 ± 9.6 vs. 36.7 ± 8.4%, P < 0.001) and pump strain (−11.5 ± 3.2 vs. −17.0 ± 3.4%, P < 0.001); and increased stiffness (0.8 ± 0.7 vs. 0.2 ± 0.1 mmHg/%, P < 0.001). Reservoir and pump strain correlated with exercise PCWP (r = −0.64 and r = 0.72, P < 0.001), and remained independent predictors after adjusting for left ventricular mass index, LA volume index, mean E/e' and systolic blood pressure (B = −0.66 and B = 1.41, respectively, P < 0.001). LA stiffness was strongly related to B‐type natriuretic peptide levels (r = 0.73, P < 0.001; B = 173.0, P < 0.001). Reservoir strain at cut‐off of ≤ 33% predicted invasively verified HFpEF diagnosis with 88% sensitivity and 77% specificity, providing a net reclassification improvement of 12% in comparison to the 2016 European Society of Cardiology criteria for non‐invasive diagnosis of HFpEF.ConclusionsImpaired LA reservoir and pump function and increased stiffness are associated with abnormal exercise haemodynamics in HFpEF. These markers provide significant HFpEF diagnostic utility in elderly ambulatory patients with dyspnoea.
The end of omics? High dimensional single cell analysis in precision medicine
Authors: Galli Edoardo , Friebel Ekaterina , Ingelfinger Florian , Unger Susanne , Núñez Nicolás Gonzalo , Becher Burkhard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHigh‐dimensional single‐cell (HDcyto) technologies, such as mass cytometry (CyTOF) and flow cytometry, are the key techniques that hold a great promise for deciphering complex biological processes. During the last decade, we witnessed an exponential increase of novel HDcyto technologies that are able to deliver an in‐depth profiling in different settings, such as various autoimmune diseases and cancer. The concurrent advance of custom data‐mining algorithms has provided a rich substrate for the development of novel tools in translational medicine research. HDcyto technologies have been successfully used to investigate cellular cues driving pathophysiological conditions, and to identify disease‐specific signatures that may serve as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. These technologies now also offer the possibility to describe a complete cellular environment, providing unanticipated insights into human biology. In this review, we present an update on the current cutting‐edge HDcyto technologies and their applications, which are going to be fundamental in providing further insights into human immunology and pathophysiology of various diseases. Importantly, we further provide an overview of the main algorithms currently available for data mining, together with the conceptual workflow for high‐dimensional cytometric data handling and analysis. Overall, this review aims to be a handy overview for immunologists on how to design, develop and read HDcyto data.
Polymer/Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for the Enhanced Detection of Epinephrine
Authors: Tomé Luciana I. N. , Brett Christopher M. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNovel electrochemical sensors for epinephrine (EP) based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a redox polymer film and iron (III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3NP) have been developed. Two redox polymers‐poly(brilliant cresyl blue) (PBCB) and poly(Nile blue) (PNB), and two different architectures‐polymer/Fe2O3/GCE and Fe2O3/polymer/GCE were investigated. The electrochemical oxidation of epinephrine at the modified electrodes was performed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), in pH 7 electrolyte, and the analytical parameters were determined. The results show enhanced performance, more sensitive responses and lower detection limits at the modified electrodes, compared to other electrochemical epinephrine sensors reported in the literature. The best voltammetric response with the lowest detection limit was obtained for the determination of epinephrine at PBCB/Fe2O3/GCE. The novel sensors are reusable, with good reproducibility and stability, and were successfully applied to the determination of epinephrine in commercial injectable adrenaline samples.