bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C-Reactive Protein Promotes Inflammation through FcγR-Induced Glycolytic Reprogramming of Human Macrophages
Authors: Newling Melissa , Sritharan Lathees , van der Ham Alwin J. , Hoepel Willianne , Fiechter Renée H. , de Boer Leonie , Zaat Sebastian A. J. , Bisoendial Radjesh J. , Baeten Dominique L. P. , Everts Bart , den Dunnen Jeroen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein produced in high quantities by the liver in response to infection and during chronic inflammatory disorders. Although CRP is known to facilitate the clearance of cell debris and bacteria by phagocytic cells, the role of CRP in additional immunological functions is less clear. This study shows that complexed CRP (phosphocholine [PC]:CRP) (formed by binding of CRP to PC moieties), but not soluble CRP, synergized with specific TLRs to posttranscriptionally amplify TNF, IL-1β, and IL-23 production by human inflammatory macrophages. We identified FcγRI and IIa as the main receptors responsible for initiating PC:CRP–induced inflammation. In addition, we identified the underlying mechanism, which depended on signaling through kinases Syk, PI3K, and AKT2, as well as glycolytic reprogramming. These data indicate that in humans, CRP is not only a marker but also a driver of inflammation by human macrophages. Therefore, although providing host defense against bacteria, PC:CRP–induced inflammation may also exacerbate pathology in the context of disorders such as atherosclerosis.
Long-term records of glacier surface velocities in the Ötztal Alps (Austria)
Authors: Stocker-Waldhuber Martin , Fischer Andrea , Helfricht Kay , Kuhn Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Climatic forcing affects glacier mass balance, which
causes changes in ice flow dynamics and glacier length changes on different
timescales. Mass balance and length changes are operationally used for
glacier monitoring, whereas only a few time series of glacier dynamics have
been recorded. Here we present a unique dataset of yearly averaged ice flow
velocity measurements at stakes and stone lines covering more than 100 years
on Hintereisferner and more than 50 years on Kesselwandferner. Moreover, the
dataset contains sub-seasonal variations in ice flow from Gepatschferner and
Taschachferner covering almost 10 years. The ice flow velocities on
Hintereisferner and (especially) on Kesselwandferner show great variation
between advancing and retreating periods, with magnitudes increasing from
the stakes at higher elevations to the lower-elevated stakes, making ice
flow records at ablation stakes a very sensitive indicator of glacier state.
Since the end of the latest glacier advances from the 1970s to the 1980s,
the ice flow velocities have decreased continuously, a strong indicator of
the negative mass balances of the glaciers in recent decades. The velocity
datasets of the four glaciers are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.896741.
A subclass of harmonic univalent functions with positive coefficients
Authors: Dixit K.  K. , Porwal Saurabh 
Published: May 2019

Complex-valued harmonic functions that are univalent and sense-preserving in the open unit disc $U$ can be written in the form $f=h+\bar g$, where $h$ and $g$ are analytic in $U$. In this paper authors introduce the class, $R_H(\beta)$, $(1<\beta \le 2)$ consisting of harmonic univalent functions $f=h+\bar g$, where $h$ and $g$ are of the form $ h(z)=z+ \sum_{k=2}^\infty |a_k|z^k $ and $ g(z)= \sum_{k=1}^\infty |b_k| z^k $ for which $\Re\{h'(z)+g'(z)\}<\beta$. We obtain distortion bounds extreme points and radii of convexity for functions belonging to this class and discuss a class preserving integral operator. We also show that class studied in this paper is closed under convolution and convex combinations.
Los símbolos del nacionalcatolicismo. Una mirada a través de la fotografía escolar durante la dictadura franquista (1950-1959)
Authors: Sanz Simón Carlos 
Published: May 2019

La dictadura de Francisco Franco trajo consigo un agresivo proceso de nacionalización especialmente palpable en la enseñanza. Liquidado el proyecto republicano, el Régimen estableció una educación basada en la exaltación de la etnicidad, la patria y la religión católica. Estos serían los pilares del autodenominado Nuevo Estado, los cuales se harían visibles explícitamente en las escuelas, dentro y fuera de ellas. El presente artículo plantea un análisis de la simbología del nacionalcatolicismo, con la intención de conocer su presencia o ausencia en función de tres ejes: la titularidad de los centros —acotada en este estudio entre religiosa y no religiosa—, su localización geográfica y la vinculación entre estos símbolos y el alumnado en función de su sexo. Para su consecución, se hace uso de las fotografías albergadas en el fondo de memorias de prácticas «Romero Marín», ubicado en el Museo/Laboratorio de Historia de la Educación «Manuel Bartolomé Cossío» de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, y elaborado por estudiantes de la Sección de Pedagogía de la mencionada universidad. Las mismas han permitido observar algunas tendencias en función de las categorías propuestas, destacando el uso de la simbología propia en el caso de los centros religiosos en detrimento de las representaciones estrictamente políticas, la aparición de símbolos propios en algunas regiones y una diferenciación explícita en la relación entre los mismos y los niños y niñas instruidos durante los años cincuenta del Régimen
The role of a trauma-sensitive football group in the recovery of survivors of torture
Authors: Horn Rebecca , Ewart-Biggs Robin , Hudson Freddie , Berilgen Selcuk , Ironside Jack , Prodromou Anthony 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Whilst there is some preliminary evidence for the benefits of sports-related interventions for survivors of torture, how sport and exercise can contribute to the rehabilitation of torture survivors needs to be better understood. Specifically, this paper aims to: 1) explore the ways in which a football group contributed to the wellbeing of participants and; 2) suggest characteristics of the football group which could potentially contribute to its effectiveness. Methods: An exploratory mixed methods study was undertaken with participants and trainers of a joint programme delivered by Arsenal Football Club and Freedom from Torture in London. Individual discussions, group discussions and participatory ranking activities were used which led to the development of an initial programme model. This model was, subsequently, further developed through a variety of data collection methods. Results: Six potential outcomes of involvement in the football group were identified: relationships, a sense of belonging, hope for the future, emotion management, enjoyment, and improved physical health. In addition, the process highlighted factors contributing to the effectiveness of the football group: a sense of safety, therapeutic aims, similar participants, a partnership approach, staff characteristics, other opportunities, and consistency in terms of approach, session content and staff. Conclusions: This exploratory study outlines the potential benefits of the football programme that would require further validation through a case-control study and participant follow-up. A model is put forward as well as a number of recommendations that serve as a starting point for similar programmes and guides academic research in the area.
The Istanbul Protocol: A global stakeholder survey on past experiences, current practices and additional norm setting
Authors: Haar Rohini J , Lin James , Modvig Jens , Nee Julia , Iacopino Vincent 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The Istanbul Protocol (IP) principles and guidelines have served as international norms for the effective investigation and documentation of torture and ill-treatment since 1999. Given the widespread use of the IP and recent calls to update or enhance its norms, we conducted a large-scale study among stakeholders to understand current practices as well as opinions on additional IP norm setting. Methods: Between February 20, 2017 and April 7, 2017, we conducted an online survey of IP users using a combination of criterion and chain sampling. The survey instrument included the following domains of inquiry: 1) respondent characteristics (demographics, anti-torture work, country conditions, and IP training); 2) IP use, importance and practices, and; 3) opinions on additional IP norm setting. Results: The survey was distributed to 177 individuals and 250 organizational representatives with response rates of 78% and 47% respectively. The respondents came from a variety of clinical, legal, academic, and advocacy disciplines from around the world. The respondents indicated that they use the IP for a wide range of anti-torture activities: investigation and documentation, advocacy, training and capacity building, policy reform, prevention, and treatment and rehabilitation of torture survivors. The vast majority (94% of individual respondents and 84% of organizations) reported that the IP is important to their anti-torture work. A majority of individual (60%) and organizational (59%) respondents reported that updating or adding clarifications to the IP would help to address the challenges they face and provided specific suggestions. However, 41% of individuals and 21% of organizational respondents also reported concerns that additional IP norm setting could have negative consequences. Discussion: The IP provides critical guidance for a wide range of torture prevention, accountability, and redress activities and can be enhanced through the development of additional updates and clarifications to respond to the current needs of torture survivors and stakeholders.
Torture and Its Definition in International Law—An Interdisciplinary Approach, by Metin Başoğlu
Authors: Moreno Alejandro 
Published: May 2019

Torture and Its Definition in International Law—An Interdisciplinary Approach was edited by Metin Başoğlu, and written by him and another sixteen experts in the medicolegal aspects of torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDT/P). The book has 506 pages and 16 chapters, which are organised into four parts: “Behavioral Science Perspectives”; “International Law Perspectives”; “Enhanced Interrogation Techniques: Definitional Issues”; and “Discussion and Conclusions”. The book is for health, legal and human rights professionals, beyond just those just working with victims of torture and CIDT/P, and is of interest to those who work with victims of other violent crimes, such as child abuse, interpersonal abuse, and forced displacement. The book raises many important questions.
Capoeira Angola: An alternative intervention program for traumatized adolescent refugees from war-torn countries
Authors: Mom Shakeh , Coello Mariano , Pittaway Emma , Downham Russell , Aroche Jorge 
Published: May 2019

Background: Following resettlement in Australia, young traumatized refugees often face social challenges, including language and cultural barriers and social adjustment, which can lead to behavioral difficulties. Providing support at this vulnerable stage is therefore vital for reducing future setbacks.Objective: The STARTTS Capoeira Angola program was developed to help traumatized adolescents successfully integrate into their school environments. As an Afro-Brazilian martial art that incorporates dance, Capoeira appeared an appropriate intervention for adolescent refugees due to its unique ethos of empowerment and group membership. Method: 32 refugeesfrom Middle Eastern and African countries (aged12-17) from the Intensive English Centre (IEC) department of the participant schools were assessed pre- and post- intervention using the Teacher’s Strengths and Difficulties Scale (SDQ). Teachers were also asked to observe the students’ functioning in a range of different situations at school. Results/conclusions: A significant overall decrease in behavioral problems was observed, which was associated with improvements in interpersonal skills, confidence, respect for self and others, self-discipline, and overall sense of responsibility.
The Dilemma of When to Stop Disease-Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Knox Katherine B. , Saini Aman , Levin Michael C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
Disease-modifying therapy (DMT) has changed the landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) care. However, there is lack of consensus on the duration of treatment and the selection of individuals most likely to benefit from continued treatment. Current evidence, practice guidelines, health policy, and ethical considerations presented together may further inform challenging clinical decision making and future directions. The objectives of this study were to conduct a narrative review of original research and practice guideline recommendations on discontinuation of DMTs in MS; to collect information regarding Canadian regional reimbursement policies for DMT coverage in MS; and to present ethical considerations applicable to such decision making.

Methods:
A literature review was conducted of the MEDLINE/PubMed, OneFile (GALE), Scopus (Elsevier), and ProQuest Biological Science Collection databases. Data regarding Canadian regional reimbursement policies for DMT coverage in MS were collected from the ministry/government websites. Ethical considerations were reviewed in the context of the identified evidence, guidelines, and policies.

Results:
The literature lacks evidence from prospective randomized controlled trials that directly addresses the issue of discontinuation of DMTs in MS. Current practice guidelines advocate the vital role of patient choice in decision making. There are regional variations in Expanded Disability Status Scale criteria scores for continuing MS DMT coverage among Canadian provinces/territories.

Conclusions:
In the absence of strong evidence on discontinuation of DMTs, shared decision making and consideration of the ethical complexities could help in the decision-making process.
Enforcement of Access to Effective Technical Support Services in the Kenyan Solar Energy System
Authors: Mugo Jackbed Gakii , Muguthu Joseph N. 
Published: May 2019

Energy is the prime mover of development cutting across industrialisation, manufacturing and residential consumption. Recently, Kenya, being ranked high among the most developed countries in Africa, has mapped way for embracement of renewable energy technology with increasing debate on sustainable development and environmental issues associated with fossil fuels, as the prime energy sources.
Generally, Kenya is making efforts to Scale - Up renewable energy programs via construction of stand-alone solutions as well as various types of mini - grids. However, a common problem cutting across all these consumers is quick failure of such projects with very little access to technical solutions or none at all. Substantial developments in solar energy in Kenya, as one of the renewable energy sources, has been mainly challenged by lack of effective capacity building and poor technical support. This cuts across both domestic systems as well as the most rising aspect of small and medium sized minigrids.
This paper aims at investigating the leading role of access to viable technical support services in mitigating solar energy adoption challenges. The paper focuses on challenges faced by small and medium sized consumers in search for technical advice and support prior to purchase, during installation and after purchase and installation stages. The research conducted survey via questionnaries, analyzed data obtained, identified technical support factors in order of priority and gives adaptable recommendation for the state in ensuring that solar projects are sustainable and that customers find value for their money.
Semi‐Liquid‐Metal‐(Ni‐EGaIn)‐Based Ultraconformable Electronic Tattoo
Authors: Guo Rui , Sun Xuyang , Yao Siyuan , Duan Minghui , Wang Hongzhang , Liu Jing , Deng Zhongshan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBecause of its seamless skin interface, electronic skin has attracted increasing attention in the field of biomedical sensors and medical devices. Most electronic skins are based on organic or inorganic electronic materials. However, the low flexibility of inorganic materials and the limited conductivity of organic materials restricts their widespread use. A new approach is reported to fabricate electronic tattoos from Ni‐EGaIn, which has high conductivity (1.61 × 106 S m−1) and human‐skin compliance. This time‐effective and low‐cost method is mainly based on the adhesion selectivity of semi‐liquid metal (Ni‐EGaIn) on skin and polymethacrylate glue. Light‐emitting diode arrays, temperature sensors, heaters, and surface electrodes are successfully printed onto skin, and their function in monitoring, diagnosis, and medical treatment is demonstrated. Moreover, a human–machine interface is fabricated using this technique to fully bridge the gap between a human and an electronic circuit. This novel strategy not only provides an ultraconformable interface for use in biomedicine but also represents a path towards personal customization of electronic devices.
Parcellation of the human hippocampus based on gray matter volume covariance: Replicable results on healthy young adults
Authors: Ge Ruiyang , Kot Paul , Liu Xiang , Lang Donna J. , Wang Jane Z. , Honer William G. , Vila‐Rodriguez Fidel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe hippocampus is a key brain region that participates in a range of cognitive and affective functions, and is involved in the etiopathogenesis of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. The structural complexity and functional diversity of the hippocampus suggest the existence of structural and functional subdivisions within this structure. For the first time, we parcellated the human hippocampus with two independent data sets, each of which consisted of 198 T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) images of healthy young subjects. The method was based on gray matter volume (GMV) covariance, which was quantified by a bivariate voxel‐to‐voxel linear correlation approach, as well as a multivariate masked independent component analysis approach. We subsequently interrogated the relationship between the GMV covariance patterns and the functional connectivity patterns of the hippocampal subregions using sMRI and resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) data from the same participants. Seven distinct GMV covariance‐based subregions were identified for bilateral hippocampi, with robust reproducibility across the two data sets. We further demonstrated that the structural covariance patterns of the hippocampal subregions had a correspondence with the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of these subregions. Together, our results provide a topographical configuration of the hippocampus with converging structural and functional support. The resulting subregions may improve our understanding of the hippocampal connectivity and functions at a subregional level, which provides useful parcellations and masks for future neuroscience and clinical research on the structural and/or functional connectivity of the hippocampus.
Functional expression of theSpodoptera exiguachitinase to examine the virtually screened inhibitor candidates
Authors: Zhang L. , Guan Z. , Pan Z. , Ge H. , Zhou D. , Xu J. , Zhang W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChitinase is responsible for insect chitin hydrolyzation, which is a key process in insect molting and pupation. However, little is known about the chitinase ofSpodoptera exigua(SeChi). In this study, based on theSeChi gene (ADI24346) identified in our laboratory, we constructed the recombinant baculovirus P-Chi for the expression of recombinantSeChi (rSeChi) in Hi5 cells. The rSeChi was purified by chelate affinity chromatography, and the purified protein showed activity comparable with that of a commercialSgChi, suggesting that we harvested activeSeChi for the first time. The purified protein was subsequently tested for enzymatic properties and revealed to exhibit its highest activity at pH 8 and 40 C. Using homology modeling and molecular docking techniques, the three-dimensional model ofSeChi was constructed and screened for inhibitors. In two rounds of screening, twenty compounds were selected. With the purified rSeChi, we tested each of the twenty compounds for inhibitor activity against rSeChi, and seven compounds showed obvious activity. This study provided new information for the chitinase of beet armyworm and for chitinase inhibitor development.
Urgent Relief in Italian Civil Procedure
Authors: Carpi Federico 
Published: May 2019

Urgent relief imposes two basic requirements which influence both the procedure and the structure of the trial in which it is applied: avoiding prejudice and, in order to avoid prejudice, deviating from the general rules of procedure.As Calamandrei rightly noted in his fundamental work of 1936 (recently reprinted), the duration of the ordinary suit can lead to the danger that measures taken will be both useless and tardy. This is not a new viewpoint: it was a valid dictum in the Roman trial that “Si periculum est in mora, receditur a regulis iuris communis”.The thing which is new in our times is the consciousness in democratic legal systems that the judicial protection of rights and legitimate interests is not effective unless it is quickly obtainable. This observation applies to ordinary commercial rights, but above all it applies to non-commercial ones, for example rights of the person and his liberty. In other words, the time factor has become a vital one in guaranteeing and effecting access to justice.It is well known that the United States Constitution establishes the right to a speedy trial. Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights similarly states that everyone has the right to have his case decided “dans un d61ai raisonable”.
Preventing Price Fixing by Israeli Banks: Antitrust Rules in Settlement of a Criminal Case
Authors: Kestenbaum Lionel 
Published: May 2019

Israel's Restrictive Trade Practices Law, 1959, after a period of relative quiescence, appears to have become the subject of significant enforcement efforts. A major event reflecting this development was the filing of criminal charges against the country's four leading banks (and a top executive of each) in mid-1984 for illegally combining to fix interest rates paid on negotiable certificates of deposit. The prosecution was eventually resolved early in 1986 by a plea bargain which included another major event – the first negotiation of remedial rules of conduct to prevent future violations (hereinafter the “Bank Rules” or “Rules”), which were hailed by the chief enforcement official, the Controller of Restrictive Practices, as adding an efficient and highly important tool to enforcement of the Law.The Bank Rules are similar to the consent decrees familiar to United States antitrust law. Indeed, the parties and the Chairman of the Restrictive Trade Practices Board, retired Supreme Court Justice D. Bechor, explicitly recognized and discussed the relevance of United States precedents in the proceedings which produced the Bank Rules. Just as the bank case has heightened awareness of the Law, so adoption of the Rules is probably a harbinger of remedies to come. The Bank Rules are thus of considerable practical relevance to counsel concerned with commercial contracts and practices as well as of general interest to those following the international diffusion of antitrust ideas.