bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Coexisting Talar and Tibial Osteochondral Lesions Correlates With Patient Age and Lesion Location
Authors: Irwin Rebecca M. , Shimozono Yoshiharu , Yasui Youichi , Megill Robin , Deyer Timothy W. , Kennedy John G. 
Published: August 2018

Background: The incidence of coexisting osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the tibia and talus has been negatively correlated with successful clinical outcomes, yet these lesions have not been extensively characterized. Purpose: To determine the incidence of coexisting tibial and talar OCLs, assess the morphologic characteristics of these lesions, and evaluate whether these characteristics are predictive of outcome. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 83 patients who underwent surgery for a talar OCL were evaluated for coexisting OCLs of the distal tibia with preoperative magnetic resonance images. Size, location, containment, International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade, patient age, and patient sex were analyzed for predictors of coexisting lesions or patient outcome. The talar and tibial surfaces were each divided into 9 zones, with 1 corresponding to the most anteromedial region and proceeding laterally and then posteriorly. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) was evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Results: Twenty-six patients (31%) had coexisting tibial and talar OCLs, with 9 (35%) identified as kissing lesions. Age correlated with coexisting lesion incidence, as older patients were more likely to have a coexisting tibial OCL ( P = .038). More than half of talar OCLs were found in zone 4 (61%), whereas the majority of tibial OCLs were located in zones 2, 4, and 5 (19% each). Patients with coexisting lesions were more likely to have a lateral talar OCL ( P = .028), while those without a coexisting tibial lesion were more likely to have a talar OCL in zone 4 ( P = .016). There was no difference in FAOS result or lesion size between patients with and without coexisting OCLs, but patients with coexisting lesions were more likely to have an ICRS grade 4 talar OCL ( P = .034). For patients with coexisting lesions, kissing lesions were more likely to be located in zone 6 ( P = .043). There was no difference in OCL size or containment between kissing and nonkissing coexisting OCLs. Conclusion: The incidence of coexisting talar and tibial OCLs may be more prevalent than what previous reports have suggested, with older patients being more likely to present with this pathology. The location of a talar OCL correlates with the incidence of a coexisting tibial OCL.
A longitudinal analysis of early language difficulty and peer problems on later emotional difficulties in adolescence: Evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Forrest Claire L , Gibson Jenny L , Halligan Sarah L , St Clair Michelle C 
Published: August 2018

Background and aim Individuals with developmental language disorder have been found to exhibit increased emotional difficulties compared to their typically developed peers. However, the underlying pathways involved in this relationship are unclear. It may be that poor language leads to social exclusion, resulting in feelings of frustration and isolation. Additionally, previous research has focused on clinical samples or early childhood in population cohorts. Therefore, the current paper examines the mediating effect of childhood peer problems on poor emotional outcomes in adolescence using a population cohort. Methods Data from the Millennium Cohort Study were analysed at ages 5, 7 and 14. The risk of developmental language disorder group (children considered at risk of developing developmental language disorder based on parental report of difficulties or a score −1.5 standard deviation on Naming Vocabulary subtest at age 5) was compared to a general population group. A Sobel–Goodman test was used to examine the mediating effect of teacher-reported peer problems at age 7 on the association between language difficulties at age 5 and parent-reported emotional problems at age 7 and 14. Results Peer problems at age 7 accounted for approximately 14% of the effect of language difficulties at age 5 on emotional problems at age 7, and approximately 17% of the effect of language difficulties at age 5 on emotional problems at age 14. Conclusions This paper supports previous findings that children and adolescents with language difficulties are at increased risk for social and emotional problems as reported by their parents and teachers. Furthermore, the findings show that peer problems partially mediate the relationship between language difficulties and emotional problems, suggesting that better relationships with peers may offer some protection against poor mental health outcomes in adolescents at risk of developmental language disorder. Implications This paper adds to the literature that investigates the mechanisms involved in the relationship between developmental language disorder and increased emotional problems. Practitioners wishing to reduce risk of emotional difficulties in children with developmental language disorder may wish to reflect on what they can do to support a child to develop positive peer relationships.
Increasing burden of noninfectious lung disease in persons living with HIV: a 7-year study using the French nationwide hospital administrative database
Authors: Maitre Thomas , Cottenet Jonathan , Beltramo Guillaume , Georges Marjolaine , Blot Mathieu , Piroth Lionel , Bonniaud Philippe , Quantin Catherine 
Published: August 2018

An overall reduction in the incidence of AIDS and a change in the spectrum of lung disease have been noticed in persons living with HIV (PLHIV). Our aim was to provide an epidemiological update regarding the prevalence of lung diseases in PLHIV hospitalised in France.We analysed the prevalence of lung disease in PLHIV hospitalised in France from 2007 to 2013, from the French nationwide hospital medical information database, and assessed the association between HIV and incident noninfectious disease over 4 years of follow-up.A total of 52 091 PLHIV were hospitalised in France between 2007 and 2013. Among PLHIV hospitalised with lung disease, noninfectious lung diseases increased significantly from 45.6% to 54.7% between 2007 and 2013, whereas the proportion of patients with at least one infectious lung disease decreased significantly. In 2010, 10 067 prevalent hospitalised PLHIV were compared with 8 244 682 hospitalised non-PLHIV. In 30–49-year-old patients, HIV infection was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic respiratory failure, emphysema, lung fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) even after adjustment for smoking.The emergence of noninfectious lung disease, in particular COPD, emphysema, lung fibrosis, PAH and chronic respiratory disease, in PLHIV would justify mass screening in this population.
Identifying obstructive sleep apnoea patients responsive to supplemental oxygen therapy
Authors: Sands Scott A. , Edwards Bradley A. , Terrill Philip I. , Butler James P. , Owens Robert L. , Taranto-Montemurro Luigi , Azarbarzin Ali , Marques Melania , Hess Lauren B. , Smales Erik T. , de Melo Camila M. , White David P. , Malhotra Atul , Wellman Andrew 
Published: August 2018

A possible precision-medicine approach to treating obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) involves targeting ventilatory instability (elevated loop gain) using supplemental inspired oxygen in selected patients. Here we test whether elevated loop gain and three key endophenotypic traits (collapsibility, compensation and arousability), quantified using clinical polysomnography, can predict the effect of supplemental oxygen on OSA severity.36 patients (apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) >20 events·h−1) completed two overnight polysomnographic studies (single-blinded randomised-controlled crossover) on supplemental oxygen (40% inspired)versussham (air). OSA traits were quantified from the air-night polysomnography. Responders were defined by a ≥50% reduction in AHI (supine non-rapid eye movement). Secondary outcomes included blood pressure and self-reported sleep quality.Nine of 36 patients (25%) responded to supplemental oxygen (ΔAHI=72±5%). Elevated loop gain was not a significant univariate predictor of responder/non-responder status (primary analysis). Inpost hocanalysis, a logistic regression model based on elevated loop gain and other traits (better collapsibility and compensation; cross-validated) had 83% accuracy (89% before cross-validation); predicted responders exhibited an improvement in OSA severity (ΔAHI 59±6%versus12±7% in predicted non-responders, p=0.0001) plus lowered morning blood pressure and “better” self-reported sleep.Patients whose OSA responds to supplemental oxygen can be identified by measuring their endophenotypic traits using diagnostic polysomnography.
Patterns of healthcare utilisation for respiratory complications of adults with neuromuscular disease: a population study
Authors: Rose Louise , McKim Douglas , Leasa David , Nonoyama Mika , Tandon Anu , Bai Yu Qing , Amin Reshma , Katz Sherri , Goldstein Roger , Gershon Andrea 
Published: August 2018

Our objective was to quantify health service utilisation including monitoring and treatment of respiratory complications for adults with neuromuscular disease (NMD), identifying practice variation and adherence to guideline recommendations at a population level.We conducted a population-based longitudinal cohort study (2003–2015) of adults with NMD using hospital diagnostic and health insurance billing codes within administrative health databases.We identified 185 586 adults with NMD. Mean age 52 years, 59% female. 41 173 (22%) went to an emergency department for respiratory complications on average 1.6 times every 3 years; 14 947 (8%) individuals were admitted to hospital 1.4 times every 3 years. Outpatient respiratory specialist visits occurred for 64 084 (35%) with four visits every 3 years, although substantial variation in visit frequency was found. 157 285 (85%) went to the emergency department (all-cause) almost 4 times every 3 years, 100 052 (54%) were admitted to hospital. Individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease (ALS/MND) had more emergency department visits compared with other types of NMD (p<0.0001).One-third of adults with NMD received respiratory specialist care at a frequency recommended by professional guidelines, although substantial variation exists. Emergent healthcare utilisation was substantial, emphasising the burden of NMD on the healthcare system and urgent need to improve community and social supports, particularly for ALS/MND patients.
Baseline patient factors impact on the clinical efficacy of benralizumab for severe asthma
Authors: Bleecker Eugene R. , Wechsler Michael E. , FitzGerald J. Mark , Menzies-Gow Andrew , Wu Yanping , Hirsch Ian , Goldman Mitchell , Newbold Paul , Zangrilli James G. 
Published: August 2018

Benralizumab is an anti-eosinophilic monoclonal antibody that reduces exacerbations and improves lung function for patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma with eosinophilic inflammation. We evaluated the impact of baseline factors on benralizumab efficacy for patients with severe asthma.This analysis used pooled data from the SIROCCO (ClinicalTrials.govidentifierNCT01928771) and CALIMA (ClinicalTrials.govidentifierNCT01914757) Phase III studies. Patients aged 12–75 years with severe, uncontrolled asthma receiving high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting β2-agonists received benralizumab 30 mg subcutaneously every 8 weeks (Q8W, first three doses every 4 weeks (Q4W)), Q4W or placebo. Baseline factors that influenced benralizumab efficacy were evaluated, including oral corticosteroid (OCS) use, nasal polyposis, pre-bronchodilator forced vital capacity (FVC), prior year exacerbations and age at diagnosis. Efficacy outcomes included annual exacerbation rate and change in pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s at treatment end relative to placebo.Benralizumab Q8W treatment effect was enhanced with each baseline factor for all patients and those with ≥300 eosinophils·μL−1relative to the overall population. OCS use, nasal polyposis and FVC <65% of predicted were associated with greater benralizumab Q8W responsiveness for reduced exacerbation rate for patients with <300 eosinophils·μL−1.Baseline clinical factors and blood eosinophil counts can help identify patients potentially responsive to benralizumab.
Hospital acquired vancomycin resistant enterococci in surgical intensive care patients – a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Kampmeier Stefanie , Kossow Annelene , Clausen Larissa Monika , Knaack Dennis , Ertmer Christian , Gottschalk Antje , Freise Hendrik , Mellmann Alexander 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) occur with enhanced frequency in hospitalised patients. This study elucidates the prevalence of VRE on admission among surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients, whether these patients are at special risk for VRE acquisition and which risk factors support this process.

Methods
Patients admitted to SICUs of the University Hospital Münster were examined during August–October 2017. VRE screening was performed within 48 h after admission and directly prior to discharge of patients. In parallel risk factors were recorded to estimate their effect on VRE acquisition during SICU stay.

Results
In total, 374 patients (68% male) with a median age of 66 years were admitted to one of the SICUs during the investigation period. Of all, 336 patients (89.8%) were screened on admission and 268 (71.7%) on discharge. Nine patients were admitted with previously known VRE colonisation. Twelve (3.6%) further patients were VRE positive on admission. During ICU stay, eight (3.0%) additional patients turned out to be VRE colonised. Risk factors found to be significantly associated with VRE acquisition were median length of stay on the ICU (14 vs. 3 days; p = 0.01), long-term dialysis (12.5% vs. 2.0% of patients; p = 0.05), and antibiotic treatment with flucloxacillin (28.6% vs. 7.2% of patients; p = 0.01) or piperacillin/tazobactam (57.1% vs. 26.6% of patients; p = 0.01).

Conclusions
SICU patients are not at special risk for VRE acquisition. Previous stay on a SICU should therefore not be considered as specific risk factor for VRE colonisation.
Too polluted to work? The gendered correlates of air pollution on hours worked
Authors: Montt Guillermo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Air pollution affects workers’ ability to work by damaging their own health, but also by damaging the health of their dependents. This paper draws on 20 years of air pollution and employment data from Santiago, Chile, a highly polluted metropolis, particularly in fall and winter months. The paper finds that though air pollution is not associated to a reduction in overall hours worked, it does so for women and particularly for women with children. Weeks with pollution at 100 μg/m3, common for Santiago, see double the gender difference in working hours. It is hypothesised that children, unable to go to school, must stay home and cared for. These findings suggest that air pollution may contribute to gender inequality through the gendered-biased distribution of care responsibilities. Pollution brings to evidence gender inequalities in care and, given the gendered nature of care and the geographic distribution of pollution, may contribute to enhance gender and geographic labour market inequalities. Environmental policy may serve to enhance gender equality as well.
Assessing the condition of the Domesday Books from the visual to the molecular
Authors: Bell Nancy , Larsen René , Patten Kate , Sommer Dorte V. P. , Drakopoulos Michael , Wess Tim 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article presents a collaborative study to determine the condition within volumes of the Great and Little Domesday Book, held in The National Archives, UK. Advances in technology in both biochemical and biophysical analysis have allowed for the first time undetectable sub milligram sampling of the five-volume Great and Little Domesday Books at nine sites in total. Visual analysis was followed by microscopic fibre assessment, hydrothermal stability (shrinkage activity), amino acid analysis and microfocus X-ray diffraction. Based on the visual examination of 887 leaves in all five volumes of the Domesday Book, 587 leaves or 66% of the leaves exhibit a degree of surface gelatinisation due in part to humidification and pressing practices carried out as part of the many re-binding campaigns carried out over the centuries. Microfibre assessment indicated the percentage of damaged fibres detected varies from 56 to 100% in the samples taken, a correlation between the sum of oxidative sensitive amino acids and the observed damage of fibres was obtained. More than 1000 X-ray diffraction patterns collected showed a significant variation in amount of visible fibrillar collagen within each sample scan. Micro analysis performed here on corium collagen, means the results represent an average of the cross section of the structure of which the surface constitutes the smallest part. As the major part of damage is on the surface of the parchment leaves, the condition is likely to be worse than that reflected by the analytical results shown here. This evidence therefore prompted a re-think of the preservation protocols required to extend the usable life of the Domesday Book volumes. To this end, the preservation environment for the volumes is maintained at 40–45% relative humidity (RH) significantly lower than the recommended parameter of 55% RH.
Comparative analysis of shale reservoir characteristics in the Wufeng-Longmaxi (O3w-S1l) and Niutitang (Є1n) Formations: A case study of wells JY1 and TX1 in the southeastern Sichuan Basin and its neighboring areas, southwestern China
Authors: Wang Ruyue , Hu Zongquan , Sun Chuanxiang , Liu Zhongbao , Zhang Chenchen , Gao Bo , Du Wei , Zhao Jianhua , Tang Wenhao 
Published: August 2018

A systematic comparative analysis of shale reservoir characteristics of the Wufeng-Longmaxi (O3 w-S1 l) and Niutitang (Є1 n) Formations in southeastern Sichuan Basin and its neighboring areas was conducted with respect to mineralogy, organic geochemistry, pore structure, methane sorption, brittleness, and fractures. Results indicate that (1) organic matter (OM)-hosted pores that are hundreds of nanometers to micrometers in size in the Longmaxi shale are well-developed in migrated OM rather than in the in situ OM, and they are the dominant reservoir spaces. Furthermore, the total organic carbon (TOC), brittleness, organic pores, and bedding fractures have good synergistic development relationships. However, there are fewer OM-hosted pores in the Niutitang shale; they are smaller in size, usually less than 30 nm, and have a more complicated pore structure. The intergranular pores in cataclastic organic-inorganic mineral fragments are the dominant reservoir spaces in the Niutitang shale and are coupled with stronger methane sorption and desorption capacities. (2) The piecewise correlation between TOC and brittleness indicates the significant differences in pore and fracture characteristics. When the TOC [Formula: see text], the TOC, brittleness, organic/inorganic pores, and fractures synergistically develop; when the TOC [Formula: see text], even though the increase in ductility reduces the number of fractures, the lower cohesive strength, internal friction angle, and weaker surfaces of interlayer fractures and cataclastic minerals promote the development of slip fractures, which significantly improves the fracture effectiveness and reservoir spaces for free and absorbed shale gas. (3) The Longmaxi, Wufeng, and Niutitang shales formed and evolved in different evolutionary stages. With the evolution of hydrocarbon generation, diagenesis, tectonic deformation, and pressure, the size and proportion of OM-hosted pores gradually decrease. At the same time, the complexity of the pore-fracture structure, the methane adsorption/desorption capacity, and the proportion of inorganic pores and fractures increase.
Zoledronic acid prevents pagetic-like lesions and accelerated bone loss in the p62P394L mouse model of Paget's disease
Authors: Daroszewska Anna , Rose Lorraine , Sarsam Nadine , Charlesworth Gemma , Prior Amanda , Rose Kenneth , Ralston Stuart H. , van ‘t Hof Robert J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is an age-related metabolic bone disorder, characterised by focally increased and disorganised bone remodelling initiated by abnormal and hyperactive osteoclasts. The germline P392L mutation of SQSTM1 (encoding p62) is a strong genetic risk factor for PDB in humans, and the equivalent mutation in mice (P394L) causes a PDB-like disorder. However, it is unclear why pagetic lesions become more common with age. Here, we assessed the effect of the p62 P394L mutation on osteoclastogenesis and bone morphometry in relation to ageing, the natural history of lesion progression in p62P394L mice and the effect of zoledronic acid (ZA) on lesion development. p62P394L+/+ osteoclast precursors had increased sensitivity to RANKL (also known as TNFSF11) compared with wild-type (WT) cells, and the sensitivity further increased in both genotypes with ageing. Osteoclastogenesis from 12-month-old p62P394L+/+ mice was twofold greater than that from 3-month-old p62P394L+/+ mice (P&lt;0.001) and three-fold greater than that from age-matched WT littermates. The p62P394L+/+ mice lost 33% more trabecular bone volume in the long bones by 12 months compared with WT mice (P&lt;0.01), and developed pagetic-like lesions in the long bones which progressed with ageing. ZA prevented the development of pagetic-like lesions, and increased trabecular bone volume tenfold compared with vehicle by 12 months of age (P&lt;0.01). This demonstrates that ageing has a pro-osteoclastogenic effect, which is further enhanced by the p62 P394L mutation, providing an explanation for the increased penetrance of bone lesions with age in this model. Lesions are prevented by ZA, providing a rationale for early intervention in humans.
Synthesis and Structure of a Bis(indolyl)-Coordinated Titanium Diamido Complex, and Its Catalytic Applications in the Intermolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes
Authors: Ohta Shun , Shimbayashi Masaya , Miyamoto Ryo , Okazaki Masaaki 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Titanium bis(diethylamido) complex 1, which contains a carbon-bridged bis(indolyl) ligand, was obtained in 69% yield from the reaction of Ti(NEt2)4 with the corresponding bis(indole) ligand. Its molecular structure in the crystal was unequivocally determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, we examined applications of 1 as a catalyst for the intermolecular hydroamination of alkynes. When using phenylacetylene or 1-hexyne as alkynes, the Markovnikov products were obtained selectively, while the reaction with 1-phenyl-1-propyne afforded an imine of phenylacetone.