bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Handchirurgie im 2. Staatsexamen
Authors: Arsalan-Werner Annika , Sterz Jasmina , Stefanescu Maria-Christina , Janko Maren , Sommer Katharina , Frank Johannes , Marzi Ingo , Sauerbier Michael , Rüsseler Miriam 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalog Chirurgie
(NKLC) wurden den 230 Lernzielen Kompetenzebenen zugeordnet, die von
„Kompetenzebene 1: Faktenwissen“ bis „Kompetenzebene 3: selbstständiges Handeln“
reichen. Allerdings basiert die Konzeption des 2. Saatsexamens nicht auf dem
NKLC, obwohl der Einfluss von summativen Prüfungen auf das Lernverhalten von
Studierenden als erwiesen gilt.Die durchgeführte Studie analysiert den Anteil an handchirurgischen Lernzielen im
NKLC und vergleicht die Ergebnisse mit den gestellten handchirurgischen
Prüfungsfragen im schriftlichen 2. Staatsexamen.
Material und Methoden Retrospektiv wurden die Examensfragen von Herbst
2009 bis Herbst 2014 (n = 11) analysiert. Es wurden Lernziele mit Bezug zur
Handchirurgie durch 5 Fachärzte mit Zusatzweiterbildung Handchirurgie und/oder
dem „European Board of Hand Surgery“-Diplom identifiziert. Anschließend wurden
in den untersuchten Staatsexamina diejenigen Fragen identifiziert, die sich auf
handchirurgische Lernziele bezogen. Die Analyse umfasste die Gesamtzahl der
Fragen, die Anzahl der Fragen pro Examen sowie pro Lernziel und
Kompetenzebene.
Ergebnisse 47 Lernziele des NKLC (20,4 % aller Lernziele des NKLC) wurden
dem Fach Handchirurgie zugeordnet. 9 dieser 47 Lernziele (3,9 % aller Lernziele
des NKLC) wurden ausschließlich von der Handchirurgie abgedeckt.220 Fragen (6,3 % aller 3480 gestellten Fragen) adressierten diese 47 Lernziele.
Dabei wurden pro Examen durchschnittlich 20 ± 8,2 Fragen (Min. 9; Max. 37) mit
Bezug zur Handchirurgie gestellt. Pro Examen wurden 0,5 ± 0,7 Fragen (Min. 0;
Max. 2) gestellt, die nur von der Handchirurgie abgedeckt werden.Im Studienzeitraum wurden 16 Lernziele mit Bezug zur Handchirurgie gar nicht
geprüft (13,7 % aller Lernziele des NKLC), darunter 6 Lernziele, die nur durch
das Fach Handchirurgie adressiert werden. Unter den nicht-geprüften Lernzielen
finden sich 5 LZ der Kompetenzebene 1 (10,6 % aller handchirurgischen Lernziele
der Kompetenzebene 1), 6 Lernziele der Kompetenzebene 2 (12,8 % aller
handchirurgischen Lernziele der Kompetenzebene 2) und 5 Lernziele der
Kompetenzebene 3 (10,6 % aller handchirurgischen Lernziele der Kompetenzebene
3).
Schlussfolgerung Die Anzahl der Lernziele im NKLC, die nur von der
Handchirurgie abgedeckt wird, erscheint hoch. Allerdings werden viele dieser
Lernziele im 2. Staatsexamen nicht abgebildet. Eine bessere Anpassung der
Staatsprüfung an den Lernzielkatalog ist wünschenswert.
ELOM-080 as Add-On Treatment for Respiratory Tract Diseases – A Review of Clinical Studies Conducted in China
Authors: Fürst Robert , Luong Betty , Thomsen Jörn , Wittig Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractELOM-080, also known as Myrtol, represents a distillate of a mixture of 4 rectified essential oils: eucalyptus oil, sweet orange oil, myrtle oil, and lemon oil. ELOM-080 is an approved herbal medicinal product for the secretolytic therapy and facilitation of expectoration in acute and chronic bronchitis and for the secretolytic therapy of sinusitis. Its clinical efficacy has been reported by several randomized control trials. Interestingly, in the recent past, a considerable number of clinical studies on the use of ELOM-080 as add-on treatment of different respiratory tract diseases has been conducted and published in China. As these publications were only available in Chinese, the international attention in the literature was limited. Based on the translation of these studies into English, this review aims to provide a brief overview of the studiesʼ major results, which contribute to the knowledge on the efficacy of ELOM-080 in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases: ELOM-080 was shown to be of great value as add-on treatment not only for the well-established indications bronchitis and sinusitis, but also for pharyngitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and, most importantly, otitis media. Besides this clinical evidence, this review also summarizes the great progress in deciphering the mode of action of ELOM-080 that has been made by Chinese publications.
Enhanced Thrombolysis by Ultrasound-Assisted Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis and Microbubbles in an In Vitro Model of Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Engelberger Rolf P. , Schroeder Verena , Nagler Michael , Prince Raja , Périard Daniel , Hayoz Daniel , Kucher Nils 
Published: June 2019

There is a need to improve the efficacy and safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for thrombo-occlusive diseases, and ultrasound-assisted CDT (USAT) is a promising approach. We tested if thrombolysis efficacy of USAT can be improved by adding gaseous microbubbles (MB). We developed an in vitro dynamic overflow model for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, and added MB to an USAT system with ultrasound energy and dose of tissue plasminogen activator according to clinical practice. A total of 64 clots (mean baseline weight of 8.23 ± 1.12 g, generated from citrated human whole blood from 7 healthy male volunteers) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 study protocols of 30 minutes' duration: negative control, CDT, USAT, and USAT + MB.Thrombolysis efficacy was assessed by measuring the change in D-dimer levels in the overflow liquid and the percentage of clot weight reduction. Compared to negative control, change in D-dimer increased by 62% (p = 0.017), 128% (p = 0.002), and 177% (p < 0.001) in the CDT, USAT, and USAT + MB groups, respectively. D-dimer increase was greater in the USAT than in the CDT group (p = 0.014), and greater in the USAT + MB than in the USAT group (p = 0.033). Compared to negative control, percentage of clot weight reduction increased by 123% (p = 0.016), 154% (p = 0.002), and 233% (p < 0.001) in the CDT, USAT, and USAT + MB groups, respectively. Percentage of clot weight reduction was greatest in the USAT + MB group (p < 0.05 compared with all other groups). In conclusion, our in vitro study suggests that the thrombolytic efficacy of USAT in human whole blood clots can be improved by local administration of MB.
Measurements of a fully resolved contour of the carbon dioxide absorption line in a band at λ = 1.605 μm in the atmospheric column using high-resolution heterodyne spectroradiometry
Authors: Zenevich S.G. , Klimchuk A.Yu. , Semenov V.M. , Spiridonov M.V. , Rodin A.V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We consider the application of the heterodyne signal detection technique to measure the atmospheric transmission spectrum in the near-IR range, which makes it possible to measure for the first time the contour of a separate line of the vibrational – rotational CO2 band on the solar observation path with a high spectral resolution of λ/δλ = 108. Together with other characteristics of the instrument, this enables us to measure the carbon dioxide content in the atmospheric column with high accuracy. The experimental setup and measurement technique are described. The existing facilities for measuring the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are compared, demonstrating the possibility of using the near-IR heterodyne spectroradiometry to develop a useful and competitive instrument that can be used in building new networks of ground stations to monitor greenhouse gases.
Three-channel polaro-interferometer for laser-produced plasma diagnostics with femtosecond time resolution
Authors: Bolkhovitinov E.A. , Gospodinov G.A. , Ivanov K.A. , Rupasov A.A. , Savel’ev A.B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We describe an upgraded version of a three-channel polaro-interferometer, which enables laser-produced plasma probing with femtosecond time resolution. Test experiments are performed with the use of a 50-fs probe pulse and an air spark produced by a driving nanosecond laser pulse. High-contrast interference plasma images are recorded, making it possible to reconstruct the electron density plasma profile with femtosecond time resolution in a wide range of probing pulse delays relative to the driving pulse.
Infrared laser-induced isotope-selective dissociation of mixed (CF3Br)mArnvan der Waals clusters
Authors: Petin A.N. , Makarov G.N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe paper presents the results of studies of IR laser-induced bromine-isotope-selective dissociation of small mixed (CF3Br)mArnvan der Waals clusters (m= 1, 2 and 1 ≤n≤ 5 is the number of molecules and atoms in the clusters, respectively). The experiments used a pulsed CO2laser to excite clusters and a quadrupole mass spectrometer to detect a molecular cluster beam. The research method is based on the selective vibrational excitation of clusters by IR laser radiation, leading to their predissociation. The possibilities of implementing bromine-isotope-selective dissociation of clusters are considered. The experimental setup and research method are briefly described. The results of determining the cluster dissociation efficiency and selectivity as functions of the energy and frequency of laser radiation are presented. It is shown that resonant vibrational excitation of clusters makes it possible to induce their isotope-selective dissociation. Thus, using a CF3Br/Ar mixture with a pressure ratio of 1/200, the enrichment factors of the79Br isotope are found to beKenr(79Br) = 1.15 ± 0.04 and 0.95 ± 0.03 under cluster irradiation conditions on the 9R(30) (ν= 1084.635 cm−1) and 9R(24) (ν= 1081.087 cm−1) lines, respectively The achieved dissociation selectivities for the clusters are, respectively, 1.16 ± 0.05 and 0.95 ± 0.04. The results obtained suggest that this method can be used to separate isotopes in molecules containing isotopes of heavy elements, which have a slight isotopic shift in the IR absorption spectra.
Difference-frequency generation in a dual-wavelength semiconductor disk laser: Model with delayed feedback
Authors: Morozov Yu.A. , Balakin M.I. , Kochkurov L.A. , Konyukhov A.I. , Morozov M.Yu. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We have constructed a mathematical model of an intracavity difference-frequency generator based on a dual-wavelength semiconductor disk laser in the form of a time-delay dynamic system. Steady-state lasing (the equilibrium state of the dynamic system), its stability, and also transient dynamics after switching on the primary optical pump source are investigated. It is shown that the equilibrium state is stable in a wide range of parameters, which is of interest for possible applications of such a generator.
Code-blending with depicting signs
Authors: Quadros Ronice Müller de , Davidson Kathryn , Lillo-Martin Diane , Emmorey Karen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bimodal bilinguals sometimes use code-blending, simultaneous production of (parts of) an utterance in both speech and sign. We ask what spoken language material is blended with entity and handling depicting signs (DS), representations of action that combine discrete components with iconic depictions of aspects of a referenced event in a gradient, analog manner. We test a semantic approach that DS may involve a demonstration, involving a predicate which obligatorily includes a modificational demonstrational component, and adopt a syntactic analysis which crucially distinguishes between entity and handling DS. Given the model of bilingualism we use, we expect both DS can be produced with speech that occurs in the verbal structure, along with vocal gestures, but speech that includes a subject is only expected to be blended with handling DS, not entity. The data we report from three Codas, native bimodal bilinguals, from the United States and one from Brazil conform with this prediction.
Comparison between a facemask and mouthpiece on breathing mechanics and gas exchange variables during high‐intensity exercise
Authors: Freemas Jessica A. , Wilhite Daniel P. , Greenshields Joel T. , Adamic Emily M. , Mickleborough Timothy D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGas‐collection masks are used as a comfortable alternative to the traditional mouthpiece and noseclip during exercise testing protocols in human performance laboratories. However, these masks may introduce potential problems which could affect metabolic and ventilatory parameters, including gas leaks and added dead space. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare breathing mechanics, gas exchange variables and ratings of perceived breathlessness (RPB) during high‐intensity exercise between a mouthpiece and face mask. Fourteen men [⩒O2peak = 55.3 ± 7.3 ml·kg−1·min−1] were recruited to perform 6 min of cycle ergometry (Velotron Pro, RacerMate, Inc., Seattle, WA) at a work rate corresponding to 90% of ⩒O2peak while breathing on either (1) a mouthpiece (Hans Rudolph, KC, KS) with nose clip, or (2) a face mask (7450, Hans Rudolph, KC, KS). The difference in ⩒E between the mouthpiece (156.8 ± 23.3 L/min) and face mask (153.3 ± 21.8 L/min) was not significant (p = 0.534). Similarly, there were no significant differences in breathing mechanics, gas exchange variables or RPB. These data suggest that the facemask can continue to be used interchangeably with the mouthpiece and may even be a more comfortable alternative during high‐intensity exercise.
Broadband absorption of graphene from magnetic dipole resonances in hybrid nanostructure
Authors: Jiang Xiaowei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As emerging new material, graphene has inspired great research interest. However, most of the studies focused on how to improve the absorption efficiency of graphene, but payed little attention on broadening absorption bandwidth while ensuring high absorption efficiency. In this work, we proposed a hybrid nanostructure, which not only can improve absorption efficiency but also can increase absorption bandwidth. The proposed hybrid nanostructure consists of a monolayer graphene sandwiched between three Ag gratings with different widths and a SiO2 spacer on a Ag substrate, these three gratings and substrate can excite three independent magnetic dipole resonances. In our calculations, we numerically demonstrate the proposed hybrid structure can achieve graphene absorption bandwidth of 0.311 μm in near-infrared region with absorption exceeding 30% . We also studied absorption peaks dependence on gratings widths and SiO2 spacer thickness, and explained the results using physical mechanism. Our research can provide a theoretical guidance for future device preparation.
3D relativistic MHD simulations of bow-shock Pulsar Wind Nebulae with highly asymmetric geometry
Authors: Barkov Maxim V. , Lyutikov Maxim , Khangulyan Dmitry 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) show a variety of morphological shapes. We attribute this diversity to the geometrical factors: relative orientations of the pulsar rotation axis, proper velocity, and the line of sight. Here we report study of morphology in the most complicated geometry, when the pulsar rotation axis and its proper velocity makes an arbitrary angle (in the simulations we adopt a value of ∼ π/4). Using 3D RMHD simulations we obtain the MHD structure of PWN and compute synthetic synchrotron emissivity maps.
Stochastic Propagation of Solar Energetic Particles in Coronal and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhao Lulu , Rassoul Hamid K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper describes a method of simulating solar energetic particle propagation through the magnetic fields of the solar corona and interplanetary medium. The simulation code is based on the focus transport equation of energetic particles in 3-d magnetic fields, which contains all the particle transport mechanisms, including streaming, convection, gradient/curvature drift, adiabatic focusing, pitch angle scattering by Alfvénic magnetic field fluctuations and perpendicular diffusion due to the random walk of field lines. In the simulation, particles are injected at their source in the corona, and their guiding center trajectories are calculated using stochastic differential equations. Because of the vastly different time scales of particle transport mechanisms included in the equation, we use the 4-th order Runge-Kutta method to integrate the particle streaming and adiabatic focusing terms, while the stochastic terms of pitch angle scattering and perpendicular diffusion are integrated with the Euler scheme. The model is applied to the 2017 September 10 solar energetic particle event. With perpendicular diffusion, we are able to explain SEP observations from Earth and STEREO-A. A pattern of SEP precipitation on the solar surface is also predicted.
Improved Radiative Transfer in the ANTARES Code
Authors: Krüger D. , Kostogryz N. , Fabbian D. , Kupka F. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
One of the most difficult and time-consuming tasks in multi-dimensional stellar radiative-hydrodynamics simulations is the calculation of the radiation field. We present two major improvements we achieved for the ANTARES code in this context. The first one is the use of Bezier splines in combination with the short characteristic method, resulting in a radiative transfer solver which shows more realistic results (less artifacts) and an increased stability compared to the method used so far. The second improvement presented is a radiative transfer solver based on the Eddington approximation. It allows for fast calculation of the radiation field with only a minor loss of precision. Additionally, it shows good numerical properties. These methods for radiative transfer, as newly-implemented within ANTARES, allow improved numerical results in the case of the Bezier method and much faster calculations in the case of the Eddington approximation.
High speed vision system for the dynamic characterization of 3D printed sensors
Authors: Bonanomi Alessandro , Zappa Emanuele , Cigada Alfredo , Zega Valentina , Corigliano Alberto 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Additive manufacturing technologies allows to create a wide variety of geometries even for single prototypes, allowing to develop 3D printed sensors, optimizing the characteristics of the sensing device to the need of each specific application. The dynamic characterization of these sensors is a key point, in particular for the applications where internal deformation of the sensor is used to transduce the quantity of interest. In this work, a 3D measuring system based on a single high speed camera is developed to characterize the dynamic behaviour of 3D printed accelerometer prototypes. The proposed measuring technique is based on the pose estimation: a vision-based method that allows to recover the position and orientation of a target of known geometry, by means of its image acquired by a single camera. The dynamic response of the 3D printed prototypes is analysed with impulse, random and harmonic excitation. Experimental results proved that the developed measuring technique is suitable for the test of this type of sensors, since allows to measure the motion of the suspended mass and of the external frame, without any loading effect and considering the six degrees of freedom contemporarily.
Metrological characterization of a low-cost portable stereo vision system for dynamic measurements
Authors: Brian Valli Fabio , Lavatelli Alberto , Zappa Emanuele 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In recent years, camera and computer systems have been miniaturized considerably. The market now offers several low-cost products to assemble a small scale portable stereo vision system which can be completely autonomous (since it can acquire and process image). However, the metrological characteristics of such a portable stereo vision device should be assessed and compared with the state of the art of stereo vision system. In this work a portable stereo vision system composed by small board cameras and a single board computer is metrologically characterized and validated with respect to fixed non-portable systems. The analysis focused on the application of such a stereo rig to DIC and stereoscopic measurements performed with commercial software. For these tests two algorithms with different correlation techniques are evaluated in Matlab and in Halcon, moreover, a 3D DIC analysis is conducted on a H-shape specimen. To perform a metrological characterization, the points clouds obtained from the triangulations are confined to a region of the scene containing only a part of the specimen, after that they are fitted with a LOWESS fitting model. The uncertainty is assessed by computing the discrepancy between the points of the cloud and the ones of the fitting model. In some algorithms more than others the errors distribute in a strongly periodic manner with a period linked to integer values of disparity. Eventually the experimental analysis demonstrated that the accuracy of such a lightweight stereo system is similar to the accuracy of traditional not-portable ones.
PIV characterization of a separated flow controlled by a DBD actuator
Authors: Zoppini G. , Di Vinci L. , Campanardi G. , Zanotti A. , Belan M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This work investigates the three-dimensional effects of a dielectric barrier discharge actuator as a stall recovery device. The actuator is installed on a NACA0015 airfoil with a 930 mm span and a 300 mm chord and the exposed electrode has periodic triangular tips specifically designed for the case under study. It was tested at progressively increasing velocities, up to 35 m/s corresponding to a Reynolds number of 7×105. The PIV technique has been used to characterize the flow morphology along the model span, identifying the flow region mainly sensitive to the plasma effect and suggesting possible design improvements to achieve a better efficiency.
Practical issues on the use of drones for construction inspections
Authors: Ciampa Elena , De Vito Luca , Rosaria Pecce Maria 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aging and deterioration of structures such as bridges or buildings is becoming an urgent social issue; regular inspections for the preservation of the structures are needed, but it means high cost especially in terms of safety for workers due to the difficulty to access. Visual inspection of workers can be replaced by using basic drones, which share many advantages such as speed, safety for the workers, cost-effectiveness, share-ability with more stakeholders instantly and manoeuvrability by making use of automated flights. A visual inspection made by drone is the first part of a complex survey campaign, and its use allows planning experimental investigation for diagnostic. This study analyses both the positive and negative aspects of the use of drones for structural inspection, underlying the low cost, immediacy, instant measurement and the possibility of developing a 3D model, with an acceptable level of definition and reliable for a diagnostic process. Two application examples are proposed.