bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Siberian tree-ring and stable isotope proxies as indicators of temperature and moisture changes after major stratospheric volcanic eruptions
Authors: Churakova (Sidorova) Olga V. , Fonti Marina V. , Saurer Matthias , Guillet Sébastien , Corona Christophe , Fonti Patrick , Myglan Vladimir S. , Kirdyanov Alexander V. , Naumova Oksana V. , Ovchinnikov Dmitriy V. , Shashkin Alexander V. , Panyushkina Irina P. , Büntgen Ulf , Hughes Malcolm K. , Vaganov Eugene A. , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Stoffel Markus 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Stratospheric volcanic eruptions have far-reaching impacts on
global climate and society. Tree rings can provide valuable climatic
information on these impacts across different spatial and temporal scales. To
detect temperature and hydroclimatic changes after strong stratospheric
Common Era (CE) volcanic eruptions for the last 1500 years (535 CE unknown,
540 CE unknown, 1257 CE Samalas, 1640 CE Parker, 1815 CE Tambora, and
1991 CE
Pinatubo), we measured and analyzed tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood
density (MXD), cell wall thickness (CWT), and δ13C and
δ18O in tree-ring cellulose chronologies of climate-sensitive
larch trees from three different Siberian regions (northeastern Yakutia –
YAK, eastern Taimyr – TAY, and Russian Altai – ALT). All tree-ring proxies proved to encode a significant and specific climatic
signal of the growing season. Our findings suggest that TRW, MXD, and CWT
show strong negative summer air temperature anomalies in 536, 541–542, and
1258–1259 at all studied regions. Based on δ13C, 536 was
extremely humid at YAK, as was 537–538 in TAY. No extreme hydroclimatic anomalies
occurred in Siberia after the volcanic eruptions in 1640, 1815, and 1991,
except for 1817 at ALT. The signal stored in δ18O indicated
significantly lower summer sunshine duration in 542 and 1258–1259 at YAK and
536 at ALT. Our results show that trees growing at YAK and ALT mainly
responded the first year after the eruptions, whereas at TAY, the growth
response occurred after 2 years. The fact that differences exist in climate responses to volcanic eruptions –
both in space and time – underlines the added value of a multiple tree-ring
proxy assessment. As such, the various indicators used clearly help to
provide a more realistic picture of the impact of volcanic eruption on past
climate dynamics, which is fundamental for an improved understanding of
climate dynamics, but also for the validation of global climate models.
Competition between chaotic advection and diffusion: stirring and mixing in a 3-D eddy model
Authors: Brett Genevieve Jay , Pratt Larry , Rypina Irina , Wang Peng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The importance of chaotic advection relative to turbulent diffusion is
investigated in an idealized model of a 3-D swirling and overturning ocean
eddy. Various measures of stirring and mixing are examined in order to
determine when and where chaotic advection is relevant. Turbulent diffusion
is alternatively represented by (1) an explicit, observation-based,
scale-dependent diffusivity, (2) stochastic noise, added to a deterministic
velocity field, or (3) explicit and implicit diffusion in a spectral numerical
model of the Navier–Stokes equations. Lagrangian chaos in our model occurs only
within distinct regions of the eddy, including a large chaotic “sea” that
fills much of the volume near the perimeter and central axis of the eddy and
much smaller “resonant” bands. The size and distribution of these regions
depend on factors such as the degree of axial asymmetry of the eddy and the
Ekman number. The relative importance of chaotic advection and turbulent
diffusion within the chaotic regions is quantified using three measures: the
Lagrangian Batchelor scale, the rate of dispersal of closely spaced fluid
parcels, and the Nakamura effective diffusivity. The role of chaotic
advection in the stirring of a passive tracer is generally found to be most
important within the larger chaotic seas, at intermediate times, with
small diffusivities, and for eddies with strong asymmetry. In contrast, in
thin chaotic regions, turbulent diffusion at oceanographically relevant rates
is at least as important as chaotic advection. Future work should address
anisotropic and spatially varying representations of turbulent diffusion for
more realistic models.
Nicaragua: Dinámica de empleo y consumo 2006-2018
Authors: Morales Rivas Oliver David , Bravo Pérez Luis Gonzaga 
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad, evidenciar empíricamente el impacto del empleo en el consumo individual en Nicaragua. Para este propósito, se desarrolló un modelo econométrico de regresión múltiple logarítmico. El resultado encontrado establece que la relación de empleo y el consumo individual tiene una característica inelástica. En conclusión se constata que el consumo individual depende de un conjunto de componentes como: factores estacionales, remesas, ahorro y el factor empleo a corto plazo impacta levemente.
Situación de endeudamiento de las organizaciones de gestión de instalaciones deportivas de ocio no competitivo. Un estudio empírico
Authors: Grimaldi-Puyana M. , Gálvez-Ruiz P. , Sánchez-Oliver A. J. , Alcaraz-Rodríguez V. 
Published: April 2019

La gestión de la deuda en las organizaciones deportivas es una variable determinante para la supervivencia de éstas, la falta de control puede afectar al buen funcionamiento de una entidad. Según los datos existentes, las organizaciones que gestionan campos de golf gozan de una buena situación económica. Por ello, el propósito del presente estudio fue conocer el estado y evolución de la deuda de las empresas deportivas que participan en el deporte del golf no competitivo. Para ello, se seleccionó una muestra de 93 organizaciones de todo el territorio Español, con una antigüedad media de 20,08 años. Para la obtención de los datos se utilizó la información económica del Sistema de Análisis de Balances Ibéricos de la pasada década. Los hallazgos obtenidos en el presente estudio nos llevan a conocer que la deuda media de las organizaciones ha aumentado en el 70,5% de los casos después de una década. A pesar de la buena salud económica y al aumento de sus ingresos por explotación y total de activos en el período de estudio, podemos afirmar que la deuda de estas organizaciones ha aumentado exponencialmente entre el 2005-2015.
The management of the debt in sports organizations are determinant variables for the survival of these, the lack of control can affect the proper functioning of an entity. According to the existing data, the organizations that manage golf courses enjoy a good economic situation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to know the status and evolution of the debt of sports companies that participate in the sport of non-competitive golf. For this, a sample of 93 organizations throughout the Spanish territory was selected with an average age of 20,08 years. In order to obtain the data, the economic information of the Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System of the past decade was used. From the findings obtained in the present study, an increase in the average debt of the organizations of 70,5% follows after a decade. In spite of the good economic health and the increase of its income by exploitation and total of assets in the period of study, we can affirm that the debt of these organizations has increased exponentially between 2005-2015.
Análisis del estrés y las exigencias cinemáticas y fisiológicas de los bomberos durante la jornada laboral
Authors: Romero-Sánchez J. , Gómez-Carmona C. , Bastida-Castillo A. , Pino-Ortega J. 
Published: April 2019

El trabajo de los bomberos es considerado como una de las profesiones con mayor exigencia física y predisposición a padecer estrés, debido a las exigentes condiciones de trabajo y la responsabilidad sobre vidas humanas. Los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron: (i) describir las exigencias cinemáticas, fisiológicas y de estrés en bomberos, y (ii) comparar estas exigencias en función de los años de experiencia. Ocho bomberos del parque del Ayuntamiento de Cartagena participaron voluntariamente, siendo divididos en dos grupos en función de la experiencia: (1) experimentados: >12 años (n=4); (2) noveles: <7 años (n=4). Se registraron las variables aceleración total (AcelT), frecuencia cardíaca media (FCmedia) y ratio simpático-parasimpático (R-S|Ps). Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre actividades, encontrando los mayores valores en deporte y salidas. En el análisis inter-grupos, se encontraron diferencias en las variables AcelT y FCmedia en deporte, siendo mayor en los bomberos experimentados (p<.05); y en la variable R-S|Ps en Práctica y Salida con urgencia (p<.05), siendo mayor en los noveles. En conclusión, los bomberos con menos experiencia sufren un mayor estrés durante la jornada laboral. Por tanto, es necesario la incorporación de personal cualificado para diseñar una planificación específica del entrenamiento y de las estrategias de afrontamiento ante la resolución de conflictos adaptadas a la situación real.
The work of firefighters is considered one of the professions with greater physical demands and predisposition to suffer stress, due to the hazardous working conditions and the responsibility with human lives. The aims of the present study were to: (i) describe the kinematical, physiological and stress demands of firefighters, and (ii) compare these demands in relation to the experience years. Eight firefighters from the fire department of Cartagena participated voluntarily, dividing them into two groups: (1) experienced: >12 years (n=4); (2) novels: <7 years (n=4). The registered variables were total acceleration (AcelT), heart rate average (HRavg) and sympathetic-parasympathetic ratio (R-S|Ps). The results shown differences between activities, finding the highest values in sport and exits. In the between-groups comparison, differences in AcelT and HRavg in sport (p<.05), being higher in experienced group; and differences in R-S|Ps in practice and exits with urgency (p<.05), being higher in novels group. In conclusion, the firefighters with less experience suffer greater stress during workday. Therefore, it is necessary the incorporation of qualified staff to design specific training and coping strategies before the resolution of conflicts adapted to the real situation.
Reposición del Glucógeno Muscular en la Recuperación del Deportista
Authors: Mata-Ordoñez F. , Grimaldi-Puyana M. , Sánchez-Oliver A. J. 
Published: April 2019

Las estrategias nutricionales durante la fase de recuperación del deportista son fundamentales. Uno de los principales objetivos de la recuperación es la reposición del glucógeno muscular. Este aspecto se hace más importante cuando los deportistas se enfrentan a entrenamientos intensos o eventos competitivos con cortos periodos de recuperación. Además, la manipulación deliberada de su disponibilidad puede mejorar las adaptaciones moleculares al entrenamiento. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo informar sobre los aspectos fisiológicos básicos de esta situación, así como conocer el momento del consumo, la cantidad, el tipo y la interacción de diferentes nutrientes con los hidratos de carbono, para poder maximizar o jugar con la reposición del mismo en función de las necesidades y/o las estrategias planteadas. El glucógeno ya no debe ser visto como un simple almacén de energía sino como una molécula que puede desencadenar numerosos procesos celulares importantes para el deportista.
Nutritional interventions play a fundamental role during the post-exercise recovery phase. One of the main goals of recovery is restoring muscle glycogen stores. This becomes more important when athletes are subjected to intense training or competition with short recovery periods be-tween bouts. Furthermore, manipulating muscle glycogen availability can improve molecular adaptations to training. The objective of this review is thus to present the basic physiological aspects of this phenomenon, and to discuss carbohydrate consumption, timing, type, and amount, as well as its interaction with different nutrients, in order to maximize or play with the restoration of muscle glycogen depending on the needs and/or the strategies proposed. Glyco-gen should no longer be seen as a simple form of energy storage, but as a molecule that can trigger numerous cellular processes important for athletic performance.
Análisis DAFO de la comercialización de la liga de primera división de bádminton de la República Islámica de Irán
Authors: Nasrollah Sajjadi S. , Rajabi H. , Hamidi M. , Hajizadeh A. 
Published: April 2019

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el análisis DAFO de la comercialización de la liga Premier de bádminton. Fue un estudio descriptivo-analítico. La población estadística incluyó 120 individuos que fueron expertos, reporteros, entrenadores y supervisores y vicepresidentes de las juntas provinciales, entre los cuales se seleccionaron 92 individuos como la muestra del estudio mediante un método de muestreo aleatorio estratificado. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo utilizando un cuestionario DAFO diseñado por un investigador que fue confirmado por 10 expertos universitarios y académicos. La confiabilidad del cuestionario se confirmó en base a un estudio primario en 30 individuos (alfa de Cronbach α = 0,88). Los resultados indicaron que la comercialización del bádminton de primera división tuvo 10 puntos fuertes, 10 puntos débiles y 10 amenazas, y se recomienda que se utilicen las oportunidades para convertir las amenazas en oportunidades y las debilidades en fortalezas para tener una liga más dinámica.
The present study was aimed at SWOT analysis of the marketing of badminton premier league. It was a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population included 120 individuals who were experts, reporters, coaches and supervisors, and vice-presidents of the provincial boards among whom 92 individuals were selected as the study sample by a stratified random sampling method. Data collection was carried out using a researcher-designed SWOT questionnaire that was confirmed by 10 university and academic experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on a primary study on 30 individuals (Cronbach’s Alpha α=0.88). The results indicated that marketing of badminton premier league had 10 strengths, 10 weaknesses, and 10 threats, and it is recommended that opportunities should be utilized to turn threats to opportunity and weaknesses to strengths in order to have a more dynamic league.
El turismo activo en la comunidad. Relación entre impactos percibidos por los residentes y apoyo al desarrollo del sector
Authors: González-García R. J. , González-Serrano M. H. , Ayora-Pérez D. 
Published: April 2019

La relación entre el sector turístico y el deporte ha crecido en importancia, tanto a nivel académico como profesional. Asimismo, los residentes tienen un importante papel a la hora de armonizar el desarrollo de la actividad en la comunidad, sobre todo en aquellas poblaciones donde la actividad turística es el sector predominante. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar qué impactos asociados al turismo activo son percibidos por los residentes y cuáles son los mejores predictores del apoyo al desarrollo de este tipo de actividad en la comunidad. Además, se ha realizado un análisis descriptivo de los ítems correspondientes a las percepciones de los residentes sobre los impactos asociados al turismo activo, así como su apoyo al desarrollo del mismo en la localidad. Resulta consecuente, la importancia en la evaluación de estos impactos por parte de los organismos encargados de la planificación, organización y gestión del sector.
The relationship between the tourism sector and sport has grown in importance, both academically and professionally. Residents also have an important role to play in harmonizing the development of the activity in the community, especially in those towns where tourism is the predominant sector. The objective of this study is to analyse which impacts associated with active tourism are perceived by residents and which are the best predictors of support for the development of this type of activity in the community. In addition, a descriptive analysis of the items corresponding to residents' perceptions of the impacts associated with active tourism has been carried out, as well as their support for its development in the area. Consequently, the importance of the assessment of these impacts by the bodies responsible for planning, organising and managing the sector is significant.
¿Qué caminos existen hacia la calidad de servicio en clubes deportivos de baloncesto? Análisis de orientación emprendedora y nivel de competición
Authors: Núñez-Pomar J. M. , Escamilla-Fajardo P. 
Published: April 2019

La orientación emprendedora (compuesta por innovación, asunción de riesgos y proactividad), es entendida como la disposición para afrontar de forma ventajosa los desafíos del entorno y sus rivales, teniendo creciente interés en la investigación y relacionada generalmente con un mayor rendimiento en distintos ámbitos de la organización. El presente estudio, realizado con clubes de baloncesto españoles, analiza la relación existente entre la Orientación Emprendedora, el nivel de competición de los clubes y la calidad de servicio que prestan a sus deportistas y socios/abonados. En este trabajo, en el que se ha utilizado como metodología de análisis fsQCA se han analizado 103 clubes deportivos de baloncesto (61% de categoría nacional y 39% autonómica). Los resultados muestran diferentes caminos para lograr altos niveles de Calidad de Servicio, destacando Asunción de Riesgos y nivel de competición nacional como variables que mayor presencia tienen en las soluciones de altos niveles de Calidad de servicio.
The entrepreneurial orientation (composed of innovation, risk taking and proactivity), is understood as the willingness to face the challenges of the environment and its rivals in an advantageous way, having a growing interest in research and generally related to greater performance in different areas of the organization. This study, carried out with Spanish basketball clubs, analyses the relationship between the Entrepreneurial Orientation, the level of competition of the clubs and the quality of service they provide to their athletes and members/subscribers. In this work, in which the fsQCA analysis methodology has been used, 103 basketball sports clubs have been analysed (61% national and 39% regional). The results show different ways to achieve high levels of Service Quality, with Risk Assumption and the level of national competition standing out as the variables that have the greatest presence in solutions with high levels of Service Quality.
Effects of an 8-week physical exercise program on spinal manipulation biomechanical parameters in a group of 1st-year chiropractic students*
Authors: Lardon Arnaud , Pasquier Mégane , Audo Yannick , Barbier-Cazorla Florian , Descarreaux Martin 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
To determine the effects of a physical exercise program on spinal manipulation (SM) performance in 1st-year chiropractic students.

Methods:
One hundred and thirteen students from 2 chiropractic schools were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: exercise group (EG) for campus A students or control group (CG) (no training) for campus B students. All participated in 2 1-hour experimental training sessions that were added to the usual technique curriculum. At the beginning and at the end of each session, SM thrust duration and preload force release were recorded as dependent variables in 5 trials performed on a force-sensing table for a total of 10 recorded trials per session. The session consisted of several drills during which augmented feedback was provided to students to improve their skills. The EG performed physical exercises (push-ups, core stabilization, and speeder board exercises) 3 times per week for an 8-week period between the 2 training sessions.

Results:
The mean thrust duration increased between the 2 sessions [+0.8 ms (±15.6)]. No difference between groups was found using a t test for independent samples (p = .94). The mean preload force release decreased between the 2 sessions (−6.1 N [±17.1]). Differences between groups were found using a t test for independent samples (p = .03); the results showed a reduction of preload force release in the participants in the EG group compared to those in the CG group (−8.1 N [±16.9] vs −0.3 N [±16.5]).

Conclusion:
A physical exercise program seems to be beneficial in the SM learning process; chiropractic students should therefore be encouraged to do home physical exercises to develop their physical capabilities and improve SM delivery.
Chemical Assessment of Sachet Water in Ado-Ekiti Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Adefemi O. S. , Azeez M. A. 
Published: April 2019

Twenty five different brands of sachet water produced in Ado-Ekiti metropolis have been analysed for drinking water quality using standard analytical method. The result obtained for all the water samples indicated a pH range of 6.06 - 7.96, total solid (TS) 40.00 – 120.00 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) 20.00 – 100.00 mg/l, turbidity ( 0.25 – 2.20 NTU) , conductivity ( 30.00 – 252.00 µ ohm/s), acidity 9 0.10 – 0.30 mg/l), chloride ( 28.40 – 50.11 mg/l) and nitrate (18.70 – 43.00 mg/l). Iron has the highest value (0.05 – 3.95 mg/l) in heavy metal analysis while concentrations of Pb, Cr and Ni were below detection in all samples. The total bacteria count (TBC) ranged between 1 and 8. The total coliform count (TCC) in almost all water samples was below detection. The physicochemical parameters of the analysed sachet water samples were within the WHO, NAFDAC and SON standards for drinking water. However it was observed that all the samples required chlorination prior to packaging.
Histological Changes of Spleen Autotransplanted in the Omentum of Rats
Authors: Reza Javadi Mohammad , Esfahani Ali Reza Monsef , Ghavifekr Nazila Hassanzadeh , Niayesh Amin 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The spleen is a lymphoid organ that plays an important role in the body's defense against organisms, participation in blood filtration process, phagocytosis and immunoglobulin production. When splenectomy due to severe splenic trauma or hematological disorder is inevitable, spleen autotransplantation may be the only option to preserve the spleen. It has not been determined the structural rearrangements after transplanting in comparison with the amount of transplanted spleen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological changes of spleen autotransplanted in the omentum of rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 male Wistar rats underwent splenectomy and transplanting three pieces of splenic tissue consists of 10-15% of the greater omentum. The rats were divided to two equal groups; Eight caseswere randomly separated and followedfor 6 months (Group Au-6) and 8 other cases also were separated for 12 months' follow-up (group Au-12). At the end of follow-up period, after the re-operation of autotransplanted rats, the splenic tissues underwent the macroscopic and microscopic examination and two groups were compared together.
Results: After laparotomy, splenic tissues were detected in all cases (8/8, 100%) of Au-6 group and 7 cases (87.5%) of Au-12 group. It’s observed no significant difference between two groups in the capsule around splenic tissue, organized structure, fibrosis and revascularization (P>0.05). The hemosiderin pigmentation was significantly higher in Au-12 group (P=0.03).
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that autotransplanting about 15 percent of splenic tissue were associated with a high success rate in tissue structure rearrangement. Therefore, spleen autotransplantation even in small sizes was highly recommended in cases of unavoidable splenectomy.