bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer Susceptibility Genetic Testing in a High‐Risk Cohort of Urban Ashkenazi Jewish Individuals
Authors: Nielsen Sarah M. , De Simone Lenika M. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrior to 2013, genetic testing for Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) individuals primarily consisted of the three‐site BRCA1/BRCA2 AJ panel, full sequencing of BRCA1/2, or the Lynch syndrome mismatch repair genes. Multigene panel testing became more widely available in 2013, but limited data are available regarding the impact of multigene panel testing for AJ individuals. Here, we report the frequency of cancer susceptibility gene mutations in a cohort of 427 AJ individuals seen in the Cancer Risk Clinic at The University of Chicago. We found that 29% of affected and 37% of unaffected individuals carried a pathogenic mutation (32% of overall cohort), primarily known familial mutations in BRCA1/2. A minority of mutations were identified in non‐BRCA1/2 genes and consisted mainly of AJ founder mutations in CHEK2, APC, and the mismatch repair genes. A panel of AJ founder mutations would have identified the majority (94%) of mutations in clinically actionable genes in both affected and unaffected patients. Based on recent cost‐effectiveness studies, offering all AJ individuals a founder mutation panel may be a cost‐effective cancer prevention strategy.
Language, ethnicity, and the nation-state: on Max Weber’s conception of “imagined linguistic community”
Authors: Tada Mitsuhiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMethodological nationalism in sociological theory is unfit for the current globalized era, and should be discarded. In light of this contention, the present article discusses Max Weber’s view of language as a way to relativize the frame of the national society. While a “linguistic turn” in sociology since the 1960s has assumed that the sharing of language—linguistic community—stands as an intersubjective foundation for understanding of meaning, Weber saw linguistic community as constructed. From Weber’s rationalist, subjectivist, individualist viewpoint, linguistic community was a result of social actions, not a prior entity as assumed by German metaphysical organicism (and historicist holism). Indeed, Central Europe in Weber’s era was a battlefield of linguistic nationalism(s); in contrast to the national societies of the Cold War period, national borders were unstable and ultimately the multiethnic empires of the region were dismantled after World War I into ethnolinguistic nation-states. Experience of this contemporary reality brought Weber to the core of the relationship between language and politics: A language community is an imaginary one demarcated not by language itself but by conscious opposition against outsiders, with monolingual contexts within borders created artificially by homogenizing policies like linguistic standardization and national education—the first modernity of language. In this way, Weber felt, language can be a means to domination.
Are media literacy interventions effective at changing attitudes and intentions towards risky health behaviors in adolescents? A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Vahedi Zahra , Sibalis Annabel , Sutherland Jessica E. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTYouth are inundated with media products promoting risky health behaviors (RHBs), including substance use and risky sexual activity. Media literacy interventions emphasize critical media consumption to decrease RHBs. However, it is unclear whether they positively influence attitudes and behavioral intentions towards RHBs. We conducted meta‐analyses of 15 studies (N = 5000) testing intervention effectiveness on media literacy skills and 20 studies (N = 9177) testing effectiveness on attitudes and intentions towards RHBs. We found positive effects on media literacy skills (Hedge's g = .417, [95% CI, .29‐.54]) and attitudes and intentions (Hedge's g = .100 [95% CI, .01‐.19]). Intervention medium and target behavior moderated intervention success on attitudes and intentions, but no moderators emerged for media literacy skills. These interventions produce positive effects on media literacy skills and positive but smaller effects on attitudes and behavioral intentions, depending on medium and target behaviour. Implications for adolescent health initiatives are discussed.
Burnout in mental health professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and determinants
Authors: O’Connor Karen , Muller Neff Deirdre , Pitman Steve 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate the level of burnout in mental health professionals and to identify specific determinants of burnout in this population. A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed, PsychINFO/Ovid, Embase, CINAHL/EBSCO and Web of Science was conducted for original research published between 1997 and 2017. Sixty-two studies were identified as meeting the study criteria for the systematic review. Data on the means, standard deviations, and prevalence of the dimensions of burnout were extracted from 33 studies and included in the meta-analysis (n = 9409). The overall estimated pooled prevalence for emotional exhaustion was 40% (CI 31%–48%) for depersonalisation was 22% (CI 15%–29%) and for low levels of personal accomplishment was 19% (CI 13%–25%). The random effects estimate of the mean scores on the Maslach Burnout Inventory indicate that the average mental health professional has high levels of emotional exhaustion [mean 21.11 (95% CI 19.98, 22.24)], moderate levels of depersonalisation [mean 6.76 (95% CI 6.11, 7.42)] but retains reasonable levels of personal accomplishment [mean 34.60 (95% CI 32.99, 36.21)]. Increasing age was found to be associated with an increased risk of depersonalisation but also a heightened sense of personal accomplishment. Work-related factors such as workload and relationships at work, are key determinants for burnout, while role clarity, a sense of professional autonomy, a sense of being fairly treated, and access to regular clinical supervision appear to be protective. Staff working in community mental health teams may be more vulnerable to burnout than those working in some specialist community teams, e.g., assertive outreach, crisis teams.
Effectiveness of watchful waiting versus antidepressants for patients diagnosed of mild to moderate depression in primary care: A 12-month pragmatic clinical trial (INFAP study)
Authors: Iglesias-González M. , Aznar-Lou I. , Peñarrubia-María M.T. , Gil-Girbau M. , Fernández-Vergel R. , Alonso J. , Serrano-Blanco A. , Rubio-Valera M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground:Although mild to moderate major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the main reasons for consulting a general practitioner (GP), there is still no international consensus on the most appropriate therapeutic approach.Methods:The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of watchful waiting (WW) compared with the use of antidepressants (ADs) for the treatment of mild to moderate depressive symptoms in 263 primary care (PC) usual-practice patients in a 12-month pragmatic non-randomised controlled trial. Both longitudinal and per-protocol analyses were performed, through a multilevel longitudinal analysis and a sensitivity analysis.Results:We observed a statistically significant time x treatment interaction in the severity of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) and disability (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS) in favour of the AD group at 6 months but not at 12 months. The effect size of this difference was small. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in severity of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI) or health-related quality-of-life (EuroQol-5D, EQ-5D). Sensitivity analysis and per-protocol analysis showed no differences between the two groups in any of the evaluated scales.Conclusions:Superiority of either treatment (WW and AD) was not demonstrated in patients treated for depression in PC after one year of follow-up.
Right-sided malignant colonic obstruction the use of a self expanding metal stent to facilitate laparoscopic surgery: A case report
Authors: Sardiwalla Y. , Sardiwalla I.I. , Kumar N. , Koto M.Z. , Balabyeki M.A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

The use of self expanding metals stents (SEMS) is established for management of left sided colonic obstruction. Its use for right sided malignant colonic obstructing (RMCO) tumours is less established with risks related to perforation of the colon. The use of a right sided colonic stent can be used to decompress the colon or small bowel and facilitate subsequent laparoscopic resection.
A 68 year old gentleman presented with a history of right upper quadrant pain associated with fever, chills, loss of weight and abdominal distention. Examination revealed a tender right upper quadrant mass, workup revealed an empyema of the gallbladder with an associated colonic mass.
The sepsis was controlled via percutaneous transhepatic cholecystomy and subsequent colonscopy revealed an obstructing hepatic flexure colonic tumour and multiple large left sided colonic polyps not amenable to snare excision. This tumour was stented at endoscopy under fluoroscopic control. The patient was taken to theatre and a laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with complete mesocolic excision and en bloc cholecystectomy was performed.
In this case report, we demonstrate the use of SEMS for RMCO as a bridge for laparoscopic subtotal colectomy in a patient with right sided colonic cancer. This case also presented a unique challenge with the associated gallbladder empyema due to cystic duct obstruction. The stenting for RMCO and subsequent laparoscopic subtotal-colectomy was performed successfully for this patient, showing promise in the future utility of SEMS placement in RMCO. This report therefore adds to increasing evidence that emphasize the viability of SEMS in RMCO as a bridge to laparoscopic surgery for more proximal obstructions. According to our literature search, this is the third reported case of laparoscopic colectomy following SEMS for RMCO.

Highlights:
Putting the Soul into Archaeology—Integrating Interpretation into Practice
Authors: van der Linde Sjoerd J. , van den Dries Monique H. , Wait Gerry 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a special volume of Advances in Archaeological Practice dedicated to the interpretation and presentation of archaeology. It provides an overview of several essays that came out of a session at the European Association of Archaeology Conference in 2017, which focused upon how interpretation can be implemented within daily practices of (cultural resource management) archaeology in a way that provides heritage value. We bring the arguments together into a call for a creative, interpretive archaeology that does not take compliance or academic publications as its end goal but will speak to a far wider range of audiences through the development and presentation of stories and narratives that truly engage and inspire people. We argue that this can be achieved by implementing “emotion design” methods that dynamically differentiate between information, message, emotion, and media, by working closely together with creatives, interpretive experts, communities, and partners and, ultimately, by integrating interpretation firmly at the core of planning processes, archaeological workflows, and our daily practices.
United Nations peace operations as international practices: Revisiting the UN mission’s armed raids against gangs in Haiti
Authors: Pingeot Lou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article develops an International Practice Theory (IPT) approach to United Nations peace operations through the study of the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). MINUSTAH saw the introduction of new practices within the context of a UN peace operation, namely the use of joint military-police forces to conduct offensive action against armed groups that were labelled as ‘gangs’. While more objectivist problem-solving approaches would argue that the UN mission was simply adapting to the situation on the ground, an IPT lens reveals that there was considerable struggle to integrate these new practices within the repertoire of peacekeeping. The article argues for the benefits of applying an IPT lens to peace operations while proposing to develop theoretical and methodological approaches that have been less prominent in IPT. Theoretically, it posits that IPT can better articulate practice and discourse by paying more attention to what actors say about what they do.
Hegel and Levinas: On Truth and the Question of Interruption
Authors: Uljée Rozemund 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper traces the relationship between Hegel and Levinas regarding their understanding of difference in relation to truth and history. It is the aim of this paper to show that Levinas is not a thinker in opposition to Hegel, since opposition would only confirm what it seeks to oppose. Instead, I argue that Levinas interrupts Hegel’s thought in such a manner that it is opened to a supplement of ethical meaning. This ethical meaning is irreducible to truth and history as Hegel understands them, yet it invokes them and makes them possible.
PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS OF HEALTH-RELATED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN INDIA
Authors: Panda Basant Kumar , Mohanty Sanjay K. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are increasingly being used to measure developmental progress among and within countries. Achieving the health-related SDGs remains a primary concern of many developing countries. This study measured the progress in selected health-related indicators of SDGs in the states of India by social and economic groups, and predicted their likely progress by 2030. The health indicators analysed included health outcomes, nutrition, health care utilization and determinants of health. Data from the Census of India, Sample Registration System (SRS), National Family and Health Surveys (NFHSs) and National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) were used in the analysis. Annual rate of progress (ARP) and the required rate of progress (RRP) were computed for selected indicators over the period 2005–06 to 2015–16. A Composite Index of Health (CIH) was used to understand the state of health of populations. The ARP was higher than the RRP in maternal care and reduction of under-five mortality, while ARP was lower than the RRP in undernutrition and sanitation. The ARP for health-related indicators showed a mixed pattern across religion and caste groups. The ARP for medical assistance at birth and immunization was highest among Scheduled Castes and that for reduction of under-five mortality was highest among Scheduled Tribes. The CIH was lowest in Uttar Pradesh (0.26) and highest in Goa (0.81). The association between the CIH and the Human Development Index (HDI) was significant, suggesting interlinkage between health and development. Notable improvements were observed in maternal and child health and maternal health care utilization across social groups in India over the period 2005–06 to 2015–16, and if the trends continue the country can achieve the SDG target in maternal health by 2030. However, progress in nutrition and other health indicators has been slow and uneven.
Developmental changes of neuropsychological functioning in individuals with and without childhood ADHD from early adolescence to young adulthood: a 7-year follow-up study
Authors: Lin Yu-Ju , Gau Susan Shur-Fen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundOur knowledge about the developmental change of neuropsychological functioning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is limited. This prospective longitudinal study examined the changes in neuropsychological functions and their associations with the changes of ADHD symptoms across the developmental stages from early adolescence to young adulthood.MethodsWe followed up 53 individuals diagnosed with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) ADHD during childhood (mean age 12.77 years at time 1, 19.81 years at time 2) and 50 non-ADHD controls (mean age 12.80 years at time 1, 19.36 years at time 2) with repeated psychiatric interviews at two time points to confirm ADHD and other psychiatric diagnoses. Neuropsychological functions with high- and low-executive demands, measured by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB) at two time points, were compared.ResultsBoth groups showed improvements in all neuropsychological tasks except reaction time in the ADHD group. Despite having a greater improvement in spatial working memory (SWM) than controls, individuals with ADHD still performed worse in various neuropsychological tasks than controls at follow-up. Better baseline intra-dimension/extra-dimension shift and parental occupation predicted fewer ADHD symptoms at follow-up independent of baseline ADHD symptoms. The degree of ADHD symptom reduction was not significantly linearly correlated to the magnitude of neuropsychological function improvement.ConclusionIndividuals with ADHD and controls had parallel developments in neuropsychological functioning, except a catch-up in SWM in ADHD. Almost all neuropsychological functions herein were still impaired in ADHD at late adolescence/young adulthood. There may be a threshold (i.e. non-linear) relationship between neuropsychological functioning and ADHD symptoms.
Acceptance and Commitment group Therapy for patients with multiple functional somatic syndromes: a three-armed trial comparing ACT in a brief and extended version with enhanced care
Authors: Pedersen Heidi Frølund , Agger Johanne L. , Frostholm Lisbeth , Jensen Jens S. , Ørnbøl Eva , Fink Per , Schröder Andreas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychological treatment for functional somatic syndromes (FSS) has been found moderately effective. Information on how much treatment is needed to obtain improvement is sparse. We assessed the efficacy of a brief and extended version of group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) v. enhanced care (EC) for patients with multiple FSS operationalised as Bodily Distress Syndrome multi-organ type.MethodsIn a randomised controlled three-armed trial, consecutively referred patients aged 20–50 with multiple FSS were randomly assigned to either (1) EC; (2) Brief ACT: EC plus 1-day workshop and one individual consultation; or (3) Extended ACT: EC plus nine 3-h group-based sessions. Primary outcome was patient-rated overall health improvement on the five-point clinical global improvement scale 14 months after randomisation. A proportional odds model was used for the analyses.ResultsA total of 180 patients were randomised; 60 to EC, 61 to Brief ACT, and 59 to Extended ACT. Improvement on the primary outcome after Extended ACT was significantly greater than after EC with an unadjusted OR of 2.9 [95% CI (1.4–6.2), p = 0.006]. No significant differences were found between Brief ACT and EC. Of the 18 secondary outcomes, the only significant difference found was for physical functioning in the comparison of Extended ACT with EC.ConclusionsPatients rated their overall health status as more improved after Extensive ACT than after EC; however, clinically relevant secondary outcome measures did not support this finding. Discrepancies between primary and secondary outcomes in this trial are discussed.
X-ray radiation and runaway electron beams generated during discharges in atmospheric-pressure air at rise times of voltage pulse of 500 and 50 ns
Authors: Sorokin D.A. , Tarasenko V.F. , Zhang Cheng , Kostyrya I.D. , Qiu Jintao , Yan Ping , Baksht E.Kh. , Shao Tao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe parameters of X-ray radiation and runaway electron beams (RAEBs) generated at long-pulse discharges in atmospheric-pressure air were investigated. In the experiments, high-voltage pulses with the rise times of 500 and 50 ns were applied to an interelectrode gap. The gap geometry provided non-uniform distribution of the electric field strength. It was founded that at the voltage pulse rise time of 500 ns and the maximum breakdown voltage Um for 1 cm-length gap, a duration [full width at half maximum (FWHM)] of a RAEB current pulse shrinks to 0.1 ns. A decrease in the breakdown voltage under conditions of a diffuse discharge leads to an increase in the FWHM duration of the electron beam current pulse up to several nanoseconds. It was shown that when the rise time of the voltage pulse is of 500 ns and the diffuse discharge occurs in the gap, the FWHM duration of the X-ray radiation pulse can reach ≈100 ns. It was established that at a pulse-periodic diffuse discharge fed by high-voltage pulses with the rise time of 50 ns, an energy of X-ray quanta and their number increase with increasing breakdown voltage. Wherein the parameter Um/pd is saved.
An Extremal Graph Problem with a Transcendental Solution
Authors: MUBAYI DHRUV , TERRY CAROLINE 
Published: June 2018

We prove that the number of multigraphs with vertex set {1, . . .,n} such that every four vertices span at most nine edges isan2+o(n2)whereais transcendental (assuming Schanuel's conjecture from number theory). This is an easy consequence of the solution to a related problem about maximizing the product of the edge multiplicities in certain multigraphs, and appears to be the first explicit (somewhat natural) question in extremal graph theory whose solution is transcendental. These results may shed light on a question of Razborov, who asked whether there are conjectures or theorems in extremal combinatorics which cannot be proved by a certain class of finite methods that include Cauchy–Schwarz arguments.Our proof involves a novel application of Zykov symmetrization applied to multigraphs, a rather technical progressive induction, and a straightforward use of hypergraph containers.
On the possibility of the Dyson spheres observable beyond the infrared spectrum
Authors: Osmanov Z. , Berezhiani V. I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the Dysonian approach and assume that a superadvanced civilization is capable of building a cosmic megastructure located closer than the habitable zone (HZ). Then such a Dyson Sphere (DS) might be visible in the optical spectrum. We have shown that for typical high melting point metamaterial – Graphene, the radius of the DS should be of the order of 1011cm, or even less. It has been estimated that energy required to maintain the cooling system inside the DS is much less than the luminosity of a star. By considering the stability problem, we have found that the radiation pressure might stabilize dynamics of the megastructure and as a result it will oscillate, leading to interesting observational features – anomalous variability. The similar variability will occur by means of the transverse waves propagating along the surface of the cosmic megastructure. In the summary, we also discuss the possible generalization of the definition of HZs that might lead to very interesting observational features.