bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operator exposure to spray deposits using various application techniques in paddy fields
Authors: Punyawattoe Pruetthichat 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The safety of operators handling pesticides is still one of the main problems facing Thai agricultural workers. The purpose of this paper is to study the safety of farmers and the techniques recommended to farmers by the Department of Agriculture in Thailand, i.e. spraying to achieve optimum spray volume with consideration for wind direction – henceforth referred to as officer techniques.

Design/methodology/approach
Operator exposure was detected by verifying the deposition of dye tracer on the coveralls worn by ten spray service team leaders, for all applications between May and June 2017. For each technique, a total of 15 patches were attached at the lower legs, thigh, chest, forearms, upper arms, hands, face, forehead and back. Each individual technique was performed four times in the area of 1,800 m2.

Findings
The results showed that the deposits with the farmers’ techniques was much higher than with officers’ techniques ranging from 2.32 to 23.91 times at the tillering stage and 9.90 to 56.79 times at the booting stage, respectively. These results indicate that the spray application technique has a considerable potential for reducing the contamination of spray operators by 56.96–98.23 percent. Operator safety can be considerably improved by the spray application technique employed. Without any investment and changing equipment, only by considering wind direction, officers’ techniques could avoid much deposition, which is the most practical operation in the field. The boom sprayer as a novel recommended technique is an alternative giving a positive result and it can be a substitute for the conventional method. Furthermore, the authors must pay attention to personal protective equipment (PPE) because depositions were discovered on the whole of the bodies of those tested. PPE is the best way to protect an operator from pesticide contamination.

Originality/value
Operator exposure data can be helpful in further development of exposure models and databases for risk assessment and pesticide registration in Thailand.
The bright side and dark side of group heterogeneity within online brand community
Authors: Liao Junyun , Yang Defeng , Wei Haiying , Guo Yulang 
Published: July 2019

PurposeDespite the increasingly common view that online brand community (OBC) members are heterogeneous, knowledge concerning the impact of group heterogeneity on community and brand level outcomes is lacking. In response and drawing from organization research, this paper aims to study the consequences of two types of group heterogeneity (i.e. visible heterogeneity and value heterogeneity) on brand community commitment and brand commitment. The moderating role of tenure in a community is also examined.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 467 members of OBCs was conducted, and structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that perceived visible heterogeneity positively affects brand community commitment, whereas perceived value heterogeneity has a negative effect on it. Brand community commitment positively relates to brand commitment; it also mediates the effect of perceived visible heterogeneity and perceived value heterogeneity on brand commitment. Further, the positive effect of visible heterogeneity on brand community commitment is stronger for short-tenure members, but the negative effect of value heterogeneity is stronger for long-tenure members.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that managers should make efforts to foster visible heterogeneity and reduce value heterogeneity. In addition, managers are advised to emphasize the characteristics that carry different appeal for members of different tenure.Originality/valueThis research is one of the first few quantitative studies to examine the influence of brand community heterogeneity on community, and especially brand level outcomes. It extends the literature on the effect of brand community on brands and adds to the emerging heterogeneity view of OBCs.
Evaluation of community-based psychological first aid in oncology
Authors: Gray Brandon L. , Gaster Samuel , Early Christina , Reed Amanda 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Healthcare professionals work in high stress environments and may benefit from organizational efforts that enhance coping abilities. Community-based psychological first aid (CBPFA) is an evidence-informed program designed for building these skills and promoting resilience during stressful times. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of CBPFA. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examined the effectiveness of CBPFA training in promoting occupational self-efficacy and intentions to use CBPFA among oncology care staff over time using a longitudinal design.

Findings
Participants reported increased occupational self-efficacy and intentions to use CBPFA skills after completing training. These factors remained stable at one-month follow-up.

Research limitations/implications
The implications of these results are limited by the lack of a control group in the study’s design, relatively homogenous sample and participant dropout.

Originality/value
Despite the study’s limitations, these results represent an initial step in empirically examining the impact of CBPFA trainings and providing evidence that CBPFA may be an effective preparedness and development program in high-stress healthcare settings.
Performance of gas nanosensor in 1-4 per cent hydrogen concentration
Authors: Behzadi Pour Ghobad , Fekri Aval Leila , Esmaili Parisa 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the fabrication of hydrogen gas sensor based on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) microstructure. The palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) as gate metal have been deposited on the oxide film using spin coating.Design/methodology/approachThe PdNPs and the surface of oxide film were analyzed using Transmission electron microscopy. The capacitance-voltage (C-V) curves for the MOS sensor in 1, 2 and 4 per cent hydrogen concentration and in 100 KHz frequency at the room temperature were reported.FindingsThe response times for 1, 2 and 4 per cent hydrogen concentration were 2.5 s, 1.5 s and 1 s, respectively. The responses (R per cent) of MOS sensor to 1, 2 and 4 per cent hydrogen concentration were 42.8, 47.3 and 52.6 per cent, respectively.Originality/valueThe experimental results demonstrate that the MOS hydrogen gas sensor based on the PdNPs gate, shows the fast response and recovery compared to other hydrogen gas sensors based on the Pd.
Platycodin D inhibits proliferation, migration and induces chemosensitization through inactivation of the NF‐κB and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Wei , Chen Ying , Ma Hong , Wang Mengchang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells. Platycodin D (PLD) is a triterpenoid saponin that exerts anti‐tumour activity through multiple mechanisms. However, the role of PLD in MM remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of PLD on MM cell lines NCI‐H929 and U266B1, and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay showed that the proliferation of NCI‐H929 and U266B1 cells was significantly decreased after PLD treatment. Transwell assay confirmed that PLD treatment suppressed migration of NCI‐H929 and U266B1 cells. Flow cytometry results indicated that the apoptotic rates of bortezomib (BTZ)‐treated NCI‐H929 and U266B1 cells were markedly increased after PLD treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that bcl‐2 expression was decreased, while bax expression was increased in PLD‐treated NCI‐H929 and U266B1 cells compared with that in BTZ‐treated cells. Furthermore, PLD treatment blocked the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling pathways in NCI‐H929 cells. Taken together, these data showed that PLD inhibited proliferation and migration, and enhanced chemosensitization to BTZ through inactivation of the NF‐κB and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in MM cell lines. These findings indicated that PLD might serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of MM.
Special clinical characteristics and outcomes in Chinese pediatric patients with early‐onset Crohn's disease
Authors: Tang Wen Juan , Shi Peng , Zheng Cui Fang , Shi Jie Ru , Qiu Xiao Xia , Wang Sheng Nan , Huang Ying 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo study the clinical and nutritional characteristics of early‐onset Crohn's disease (EO‐CD) in China.MethodsPatients were defined as having EO‐CD (age at diagnosis <10 y) or late‐onset Crohn's disease (LO‐CD; age at diagnosis of 10‐17 y). Their characteristics, clinical, and nutritional data were collected at baseline and at each follow‐up visit. Statistical analyses were used to compare differences in both groups.ResultsFrom July 1993 to February 2017, of the 137 children enrolled, 68 (49.6%) had EO‐CD and 69 (50.4%) had LO‐CD. More patients with EO‐CD than those with LO‐CD presented with diarrhea, hematochezia, growth delay, anemia and skin disease, and had higher pediatric Crohn's disease activity index scores at diagnosis (all P < 0.05). Fewer patients with EO‐CD achieved their first remission (42.6% vs 76.8%, P < 0.0001) during follow‐up. Patients with EO‐CD required a longer treatment time to reach remission (P = 0.0049) and had a higher mortality rate (P = 0.0133), as well as lower height and weight percentiles (P = 0.0200 and 0.0288, respectively), hemoglobin (P = 0.0185) and albumin levels (P = 0.0002), zinc (P = 0.0024) and iron (P = 0.0110) concentrations in blood at diagnosis.ConclusionThe EO‐CD group had worse clinical outcomes and nutritional status than the LO‐CD group.
Association of IRF5 rs2004640 polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jia‐Min , Huang An‐Fang , Yuan Zhi‐Chao , Su Lin‐Chong , Xu Wang‐Dong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to discuss the relationship between interferon regulatory factor (IRF)5 gene rs2004640 T/G polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility.MethodsA meta‐analysis was calculated on the association between rs2004640 polymorphism and SLE by allelic contrast (T vs G), additive model (TT vs GG), recessive model (TT vs TG + GG) and dominant model (TT + TG vs GG).ResultsA total of 28 comparisons were identified, including 11 228 SLE cases and 14 374 controls. Meta‐analysis revealed a significant association between allele T and SLE in overall populations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.393, 95% CI: 1.276‐1.522, P < 0.001). Stratification by ethnicity indicated strong associations between T allele and SLE in Asians, Europeans and Latin Americans (OR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.073‐1.469, P = 0.004; OR = 1.338, 95% CI: 1.080‐1.659, P = 0.008; OR = 1.853, 95% CI: 1.488‐2.308, P < 0.001). Results also showed significant associations between the additive model and SLE in all subjects and Asians (OR = 1.999, 95% CI: 1.442‐2.771, P < 0.001; OR = 1.544, 95% CI: 1.009‐2.362, P < 0.045). In addition, we found significant associations between the dominant model and SLE in all populations and Asians (OR = 1.521, 95% CI: 1.257‐1.841, P < 0.001; OR = 1.270, 95% CI: 1.136‐1.421, P < 0.001). A marginal association was detected between the recessive mode and SLE in overall subjects (OR = 1.480, 95% CI: 1.022‐2.144, P = 0.038).ConclusionThe current study suggested that individuals carrying rs2004640 T allele correlated with a high risk of SLE, and the IRF5 rs2004640 polymorphism was associated with SLE susceptibility.
Rag1 immunodeficiency‐induced early aging and senescence in zebrafish are dependent on chronic inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Novoa Beatriz , Pereiro Patricia , López‐Muñoz Azucena , Varela Mónica , Forn‐Cuní Gabriel , Anchelin Monique , Dios Sonia , Romero Alejandro , Martinez‐López Alicia , Medina‐Gali Regla María , Collado Manuel , Coll Julio , Estepa Amparo , Cayuela María Luisa , Mulero Victoriano , Figueras Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn mammals, recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) plays a crucial role in adaptive immunity, generating a vast range of immunoglobulins.Rag1−/−zebrafish (Danio rerio) are viable and reach adulthood without obvious signs of infectious disease in standard nonsterile conditions, suggesting that innate immunity could be enhanced to compensate for the lack of adaptive immunity. By using microarray analysis, we confirmed that the expression of immunity‐ and apoptosis‐related genes was increased in therag1−/−fish. This tool also allows us to notice alterations of the DNA repair and cell cycle mechanisms inrag1−/−zebrafish. Several senescence and aging markers were analyzed. In addition to the lower lifespan ofrag1−/−zebrafish compared to their wild‐type (wt) siblings,rag1−/−showed a higher incidence of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, a greater amount of phosphorylated histone H2AX, oxidative stress and decline of the antioxidant mechanisms, an upregulated expression and activity of senescence‐related genes and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase, respectively, diminished telomere length, and abnormal self‐renewal and repair capacities in the retina and liver. Metabolomic analysis also demonstrated clear differences between wt andrag1−/−fish, as was the deficiency of the antioxidant metabolitel‐acetylcarnitine (ALCAR) inrag1−/−fish. Therefore, Rag1 activity does not seem to be limited to V(D)J recombination but is also involved in senescence and aging. Furthermore, we confirmed the senolytic effect of ABT‐263, a known senolytic compound and, for the first time, the potential in vivo senolytic activity of the antioxidant agent ALCAR, suggesting that this metabolite is essential to avoid premature aging.
Feline hip joint anatomy in magnetic resonance images
Authors: Głodek Joanna , Milewska Kamila , Tobolska Angelika , Grabarczyk Łukasz , Maksymowicz Wojciech , Bada Isaac , Adamiak Zbigniew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an anatomical model of the feline hip joint for low‐field magnetic resonance imaging (LF‐MRI) based on high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (HF‐MRI). The study was performed on six adult clinically healthy European shorthair cats, aged 1–3 years, with body weight of 2.8–4.4 kg. The animals were examined with the use of the Vet‐MRI Grande Esaote LF (0.25 T) scanner and high‐field Siemens Magnetom TRIO (3 T) MRI scanner. In the LF‐MRI, most satisfactory results in T1‐weighted images were obtained when TE was 26 ms in all three planes and when TR was 350–950 ms in the transverse plane, 950–1150 ms in the sagittal plane and 520–750 ms in the dorsal plane. In T2‐weighted images, TE was 90 ms in the transverse and dorsal plane and 120 ms in the sagittal plane. The results were presented as images acquired with LF‐MRI scanners in three planes. The slice thickness was 3 mm for each plane. In LF‐MRI, muscles in the hip joint region and round ligament were well visualized. Unlike in LF‐MRI, the cross section of the femoral nerve was identified in HF‐MRI scans. In examinations of the feline hip joint, the main limitations of LF‐MRI were a lack of reliable contrast between articular cartilage and synovial fluid as well as longer scan time. Despite the above, LF‐MRI images were characterized by good contrast between bones and the surrounding soft tissues.
A novel nonsense variant in PLS3 causes X‐linked osteoporosis in a Chinese family
Authors: Wang Lianqing , Bian Xinchao , Cheng Guangying , Zhao Peiqing , Xiang Xinxin , Tian Wenxiu , Li Tao , Zhai Qiaoli 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis is a complex bone metabolic disorder. Genetic factors play an important role in the development of osteoporosis. Mutations in more than 15 genes have been identified to be responsible for osteoporosis to date. Most recently, the gene PLS3 encoding plastin 3 was recognized to be involved in X‐linked osteoporosis. Here, we recruited a four‐generation Chinese family with X‐linked osteoporosis, which had its onset in childhood and was characterized by peripheral fractures and low bone mineral density. All affected individuals shared a nonsense variant (c.244C > T) in exon 4 of PLS3 on Xq23. The variant in affected individuals segregated with the osteoporosis phenotype. By restriction analysis using Dra I, this variant was confirmed in all affected individuals but was not detected in unaffected family members or in 100 unrelated Chinese male controls. The variant was predicted to cause a premature termination of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation (p.Gln82*). The mutant mRNA degraded via the mechanism of “nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay.” In the present study, we identified a novel nonsense variant of PLS3 in early‐onset X‐linked osteoporosis and provided a novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Secondary to Cigarette Smoking in a 40‐Year‐Old Man: A Case Report
Authors: Neilsen Beth K. , Aloi Joseph , Sharma Ashish 
Published: July 2019

Background and ObjectivesCarbon monoxide is one of the most common causes of fatal intoxications in the United States, and multiple previous studies have demonstrated that cigarette smokers have higher levels of carbon monoxide in their blood. However, the potential negative effects due to acute carbon monoxide poisoning from excessive cigarette smoking have not been well established.MethodsThis is a single patient case report.ResultsIn this case report, a 40‐year‐old male with a past medical history of depression, anxiety, panic attacks, and substance use disorder developed symptomatic, acute carbon monoxide poisoning secondary to heavy cigarette smoking in a confined space. In this patient, the cessation of clonazepam therapy coincided with increasing anxiety and panic disorder with agoraphobia triggering an escalation in his cigarette smoking. The patient smoked three packs of cigarettes in 3 hours and developed worsening of his symptoms. He required inpatient treatment with benzodiazepines and hyperbaric oxygen.Discussion and ConclusionsTherefore, it is important to recognize cigarette smoke as a significant source of carbon monoxide exposure.Scientific SignificanceWhile the negative effects of cigarette smoking are often perceived as being chronic and only coming to fruition after numerous years of exposure, it is important for both physicians and patients to recognize the possibility for potentially life‐threatening acute toxicity secondary to carbon monoxide exposure. (Am J Addict 2019;28:413–415)
The quest for the human ocular accommodation mechanism
Authors: de Jong Paulus T.V.M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe have known the accommodation phenomenon since 400 BC. Hypotheses about its mechanisms varied widely for two millennia. Early in the 17th century, when people became more aware of ophthalmic optics, Scheiner and Descartes were close to solving that accommodation worked by changes in the lens. Others rejected their idea, and people even denied the existence of accommodation because there was no clear proof. In the early 19th century, evidence accumulated for accommodation mechanisms studying bird, fish, insect, mammal and human eyes. On the discovery of muscle fibres in the ciliary body, attention shifted to its role in accommodation. Around 1850, came the proof that accommodation occurs by a change in the anterior lens curvature. Still for another 50 years, controversies remained about the exact changes in the lens and the precise accommodation mechanism. On looking back, this is not surprising because only late in the 20th century did it become clear that one cannot extrapolate from the multitude of accommodation mechanisms in the animal kingdom to human eyes.
Gastric MALT lymphoma in a population‐based study in France: clinical features, treatments and survival
Authors: Matysiak‐Budnik Tamara , Jamet Philippe , Ruskoné‐Fourmestraux Agnès , de Mascarel Antoine , Velten Michel , Maynadié Marc , Woronoff Anne‐Sophie , Trétarre Brigitte , Marrer Emilie , Delafosse Patricia , Ligier Karine , Lapôtre Ledoux Bénédicte , Daubisse Laetitia , Bouzid Laïla , Orazio Sébastien , Cowppli‐Bony Anne , Monnereau Alain 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundGastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare disease, and most available data on gastric MALT lymphoma (GML) come from clinical studies of selected patients treated in centres of excellence.AimsTo analyse the clinical features, management and survival of GML patients in a population‐based study in FranceMethodsAll new cases of GML diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 in 11 French areas covered by cancer registries were included. Pathology reports were verified and, if necessary, reviewed by an expert pathologist. All clinical data were retrospectively collected from medical files and analysed using stata V. 14 software.ResultsFour hundred and sixteen patients with confirmed GML (50% male, median age 67 years) were identified. Among them, 44 showed an early transformation into diffuse large B cell lymphoma and were considered to have had an initially missed high‐grade lymphoma. At diagnosis, 76% of patients were at stage IE/II, and 24% at stage III/IV of the disease. Helicobacter pylori infection was found in 57% of the patients. Eradication treatment was administered to 76% of patients and complete remission (CR) was obtained in 39%. One hundred and ninety patients received at least one other treatment, including 10 already in CR after eradication. Altogether, CR was obtained in 70% of patients and the 5‐year overall survival was 79% (95% CI [75‐83]).ConclusionsIn comparison to clinical series, in the general population, GMLs are more frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, their clinical management is heterogeneous, and there is a risk of misdiagnosis and overtreatment. These results highlight the necessity of following currently available guidelines in this field.
A risk stratification for systemic immunoglobulin light‐chain amyloidosis with renal involvement
Authors: Li Ting , Huang Xianghua , Wang Qingwen , Zhao Liang , Ren Guisheng , Chen Wencui , Zheng Chunxia , Zhou Minlin , Jiang Qi , Yin Ru , Liu Zhihong 
Published: July 2019

SummaryRenal involvement is found in about 70% of patients with systemic immunoglobulin light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis. However, there is no risk stratification system specialized for renal AL concerning patients’ survival. Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) has been reported to portend poor prognosis in other renal diseases. We measured Gal‐3 and several traditional risk biomarkers of AL in baseline samples from 253 consecutive patients diagnosed with renal AL. At baseline, Gal‐3 [Hazard ratio (HR): 1·46; P = 0·033], high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) (HR: 2·65; P < 0·001) and difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains (dFLC) (HR: 1·81; P = 0·001) were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality. The cut‐off points for Gal‐3, hs‐cTnT, and dFLC were 20·24 ng/ml, 0·026 ng/ml, and 75·89 mg/l, respectively. Patients were stratified into four stages by assigning a score of 1 for each of the three biomarkers above the cut‐off point. The proportions of patients with disease stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 17·0%, 37·2%, 29·2% and 16·6%, and the median overall survival times from diagnosis were 100, 60, 29 and 15 months, respectively (P < 0·01). Higher level of Gal‐3 is associated with increased risk for mortality, and the risk stratification based on Gal‐3 is a reliable model for predicting mortality in AL amyloidosis with renal involvement.