bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out of the Darkness: High-resolution Detection of CO Absorption on the Nightside of WASP-33b
Authors: Mraz Georgia , Darveau-Bernier Antoine , Boucher Anne , Cowan Nicolas B. , Lafrenière David , Cadieux Charles 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We observed the ultrahot Jupiter WASP-33b with the SpectroPolarimètre InfraRouge on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. Previous observations of the dayside of WASP-33b show evidence of CO and Fe emission indicative of a thermal inversion. We observed its nightside over five Earth nights to search for spectral signatures of CO in the planet’s thermal emission. Our three pretransit observations and two posttransit observations are sensitive to regions near the morning or evening terminators, respectively. From spectral retrievals, we detect CO molecular absorption in the planet’s emission spectrum after transit at ∼6.6σ. This is the strongest ground-based detection of nightside thermal emission from an exoplanet and only the third ever. CO appearing in absorption suggests that the nightside near the evening terminator does not have a temperature inversion; this makes sense if the dayside inversion is driven by absorption of stellar radiation. On the contrary, we do not detect CO from the morning terminator. This may be consistent with heat advection by an eastward jet. Phase-resolved high-resolution spectroscopy offers an economical alternative to space-based full-orbit spectroscopic phase curves for studying the vertical and horizontal atmospheric temperature profiles of short-period exoplanets.
Predicting the Energy Spectra of Solar Energetic Particles with a Machine Learning Regression Algorithm
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Huang Zhendi , Guo Jingnan , Wang Yubao , Liu Jiajia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are a major source of space radiation, especially within the inner heliosphere. These particles, originating from solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), propagate primarily along interplanetary magnetic fields. The energy spectra of SEP events are crucial for assessing radiation effects and understanding the acceleration and propagation mechanisms in their source regions. In this study, we employed a decision tree regression algorithm with cost complexity pruning to predict SEP energy spectra, including peak flux and integral fluence spectra. This approach uses only solar flares, CMEs, and solar wind data as input parameters and demonstrates strong performance to accurately predict SEP spectra. This method holds significant real-time application value for monitoring and forecasting radiation risks in both deep space and near-Earth environments.
Conscience disciplinaire et didactique de la géographie : une approche par le sujet didactique
Authors: Glaudel Anne , Thémines Jean-François 
Published: November 2024

L’article s’inscrit dans le dialogue ouvert par Yves Reuter en 2007 dans cette revue autour du concept de « conscience disciplinaire ». Depuis la didactique de la géographie, ce texte propose une contribution qui a une double visée : mobiliser ce concept pour réinterroger le rapport que les élèves établissent avec la géographie scolaire et poursuivre le dialogue entre didactiques sur la conscience disciplinaire en approchant les élèves en tant que sujets didactiques ayant une dimension spatiale. Des analyses qualitatives de paires de productions d’élèves mettent en évidence des formes de rapport à l’espace, tel qu’il se construit dans le système didactique et/ou hors du système didactique. Ces analyses préluderont à une discussion du concept de conscience disciplinaire à partir du sujet didactique, tel qu’on peut le construire en didactique de la géographie.
‘Let the dead bury the dead’ (Mt 8:22): An African theological funeral thought
Authors: Hove Rabson , Baloyi Elijah M. 
Published: November 2024

In Africa, life, death and burial are issues of survival. There is a perceived connection and dialogue between the living and the dead; hence, life continues after death. Although one seizes to live in this material world, life continues in the spirit world. Like any other rite of passage, funerals are key aspects of African life. The living has a responsibility of decently burying their dead or the living dead. Failure to respect the dead during and after burial is believed to be a curse that disrupts life for the future generations. This article seeks to articulate the understanding of Matthew 8:22, considering the African understanding of death and funeral rites among Africans. There is a need to interpret Jesus’ hyperbolic statement that emphasises the need for unwavering dedication to engage in the ministry of Christ in the context of caring for one’s parents and loved ones even when they die and need burial.Contribution: The study attempts to address the dilemma that some Christians are faced with, when being advised not to consider attending funerals as an important matter of building faith and relationships, with the use or misuse of biblical verses like Matthew 8:22. This study further seeks to demonstrate that community building via funerals is one of the African- rich practices.
Determination of the Level of von Willebrand Factor, ADAMTS13, and Ratio of ADAMTS13:von Willebrand Factor in Sickle Cell Disease Patients
Authors: Onorhide Akaba Kingsley , Idongesit Akpan Samuel , Olanrewaju Osho Patrick 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hypercoagulable state characterized by a significant alteration in hemostatic parameters which may predispose an increased risk of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic disorder in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria bears a high disease burden with an estimated prevalence of 1%–3% of its population being affected by the disease. The study seeks to determine the role of von Willebrand factor (VWF), ADAMTS13, and the ratio of ADAMTS13:VWF antigen in the pathogenesis of VOC.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of VWF, ADAMTS13, and their ratio in SCD subjects in Calabar and to determine their role in the pathogenesis of VOC.

Methodology:
This is a comparative study carried out at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar. Sixty SCA patients were evaluated in VOC and steady states as well as five parented healthy controls. VWF: Ag and ADAMTS13:Ag were evaluated using Assaypro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits with Lot nos. 01751728 and 04222167R, respectively. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Chicago software version 21. The study was approved by the UCTH Institution Ethical Review Board.

Results:
The mean ages of the SCA subjects and controls were 23.5 ± 7.2 years and 26.5 ± 5.6 years, respectively (P = 0.706). There were 23 (38.3%) males in the SCA group and 21 (42.0%) females in the controls. There was no significant difference in their sex distribution (P = 0.063). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of VWF in VOC, steady state, and controls were 2.52 ± 0.34, 1.34 ± 0.23, and 1.41 ± 0.23 IU/mL, respectively. The differences in mean were significantly higher in VOC state (P = 0.003). The mean ± SD of ADAMTS13 in VOC, steady state, and controls were 0.61 ± 0.10, 0.44 ± 0.06, and 0.62 ± 0.10 µg/L, respectively. ADAMTS13 levels did not differ significantly across the groups (P = 0.270). Similarly, there was no significant difference between ADAMTS13:VWF ratios across the groups (P = 0.318).

Conclusion:
VWF level is elevated in VOC state and thus may be implicated in the pathogenesis of VOC. ADAMTS13 and the ratio of ADAMTS13:VWF are not significantly affected in VOC.
Bone Status in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Taoubane Laila , Jennane Salim , El Hani Hajar , Majjad Abedarhim , Toufik Hamza , El Ouardi Najlae , Doghmi Kamal , Achemlal Lahsen , El Maghraoui Abdellah , Bezza Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and to determine the associated factors.

Materials and Methods:
we conducted a case–control study, between January 2019 and April 2019, including patients with MGUS and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (one patient/three controls). For all participants, demographic and clinical data were collected as results of bone mineral density by two-photon X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and femoral neck.

Results:
In our series, we included 120 participants: 30 patients with MGUS and 90 healthy controls. In the MGUS carrier group, the mean age was 66.26 ± 8.61 years. The mean monoclonal peak was 11.57 g/L. Densitometric osteoporosis was noted in 12 (40%) patients with MGUS versus 17 (18.9%) in the control group (P = 0.021). In addition, only one patient with MGUS had a vertebral fracture. On multivariate analysis, associated factors with osteoporosis in the MGUS group were age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14; confidence interval [CI] [1.03–1.26]; P < 0.05) and previous fracture (OR = 3.03; CI [1.22–15.06]; P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Our study suggests an increased risk of osteoporosis in patients with MGUS.
Awareness of Peptic Ulcer Disease among the General Population in Al-Ahsa
Authors: Alali Mohammed Abdulhadi , Alessa Mohammed Yousef , Alhamad Fay Salah , Alaithan Zainab Naji , Alshaqaq Abdullmohssen Hussain , Albawardi Sara Khalid , Alnajjad Ahmed Ibrahim , Al Mousa Ali Mousa 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a condition characterized by discontinuity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract’s inner lining, often caused by factors such as Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID consumption. PUD can lead to various symptoms, but up to 70% of patients may not experience any symptoms. Diagnosing PUD can be challenging due to the unreliability of individual symptoms and signs. PUD can have serious complications if left untreated. Despite its significance, there is a lack of studies measuring the awareness of PUD among the population in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of awareness of PUD among the general population in Al-Ahsa.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, from September to December 2023. The study included 399 adult residents of Saudi Arabia who agreed to participate. A convenient nonprobability sampling technique was used to collect data. An online self-administered questionnaire, distributed through social media platforms, was used to gather information on participants’ awareness of PUD. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and questions related to PUD awareness. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and qualitative data were presented as numbers and percentages. The Chi-square test was used to examine qualitative data between the two groups.

Results:
Of the 399 participants, 71.4% demonstrated a good level of knowledge regarding PUD, whereas 28.6% had a low level of knowledge. The sample consisted of nearly equal numbers of males and females, with participants aged 18–55+ years. The majority of participants had attained a bachelor’s degree and were employed. The findings suggest a relatively high level of education among the study population.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the need for increased public awareness of PUD in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. While some participants showed good knowledge of PUD, a significant number had low awareness. Educational initiatives are essential to improve understanding and knowledge of PUD among the community. By enhancing awareness, early detection and appropriate management of PUD can be promoted, resulting in improved health outcomes for individuals in Al-Ahsa.
Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and Magnesium Sulfate as Adjuvants to 0.5% of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Patient Undergoing Abdominal Hysterectomy by Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized, Double-blind Study
Authors: Ray Preeti , Suwalka Usha , Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Sourabh , Oraon Priyanka , Kumari Reena , Bharati  
Published: November 2024

Objective:
Abdominal hysterectomy is a common gynecological procedure. While spinal anesthesia offers pain relief, its short analgesic effect is limiting. In this context, there are not many research that examined magnesium sulfate, dexmedetomidine, and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Our research addresses this gap as “Comparing Dexmedetomidine and Magnesium Sulfate as Adjuvants to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Abdominal Hysterectomy”.

Methods:
Ninety patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification I and II, aged 30–60, planned for abdominal hysterectomy were randomized to either dexmedetomidine or magnesium sulfate or control group as adjuvants to hyperbaric bupivacaine. The primary objective was to find the effectiveness of the anesthesia in terms of both sensory and motor blocks (onset, duration, and severity), with the secondary objective was to find out any other associated complications.

Results:
In comparison to the magnesium sulfate group, the dexmedetomidine group’s anesthetic effect began significantly more immediately and persisted much longer (P < 0.001). The groups did not vary statistically significant in terms of side effects or hemodynamic instability.

Conclusion:
Adjuvants such as dexmedetomidine or magnesium sulfate along with hyperbaric bupivacaine, for abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia, provide effective anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine (10 µg) and magnesium sulfate (100 mg) both showed safe intrathecal adjuvant usage. Remarkably, dexmedetomidine surpasses magnesium sulfate by swiftly inducing sensory and motor blocks, extending their duration, and enhancing analgesia. Notably, both adjuncts yield no adverse effects. Overall, these findings underscore the potential of dexmedetomidine as a more effective adjuvant in spinal anesthesia protocols for abdominal hysterectomy procedures.
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Mass as the Initial Presentation of Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Baburaj Karthik , Bhasi Remesh , Kurien Sudeep Koshy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and clinical manifestations, including thrombosis and pregnancy-related complications. While cardiac manifestations such as intracardiac thrombi, valvular disease, and intracardiac masses have been reported, the presentation of an intracardiac mass as the initial manifestation of primary APS (PAPS) is relatively uncommon. This case report describes a 40-year-old female patient who presented with an echogenic mass in the right ventricular outflow tract, subsequently diagnosed as a calcified amorphous tumor. Further investigation revealed elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies and beta-2 glycoprotein leading to the diagnosis of PAPS. The patient later developed digital ischemia, strengthening the suspicion of PAPS. This case highlights the importance of considering APS as a potential underlying cause for intracardiac masses, even in the absence of other typical manifestations. Early recognition and appropriate management, including anticoagulation and immunosuppressive therapy, are crucial to prevent further thrombotic complications and improve patient outcomes.
Diagnostic Dilemma: Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy Concurrent with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Nandi Sudipta , Aggarwal Sunita , Singh Ranvijay , Kumar Pradeep , Tomar Anshul , Batra Vineeta V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Renal involvement is a common feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but cases of non-lupus nephritis occurring simultaneously with SLE are rare. IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) and SLE can present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms and laboratory findings. This abstract explores the complexities of diagnosing IgA Nephropathy in patients with concurrent SLE. While IgAN and lupus nephritis share some pathological traits, their laboratory and histopathological profiles, as well as extra-renal manifestations, differ significantly, indicating distinct pathogenesis. It highlights the importance of renal biopsy in distinguishing between these conditions to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective management.
Our Experiences and Learnings in Diagnosing MODY from Non-Institutional-Based Diabetes Care Clinics
Authors: Pande Arunkumar R. , Chaubey Santosh , Kumar Dinesh , Chandra Kumar P. , Geetha Thenral , Sharma Akshita 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare group of disorders characterised by impaired functions or development of pancreatic islets and monogenic diabetes at a young age. Diagnosing MODY can be rewarding for both clinicians and patients as it can change the management from generic to targeted therapy.

Methods:
This study reports the retrospective analysis of data collected from four clinics between March 2016 and February 2023 from Lucknow, a city in northern India. Fifty-three individuals are suspected to be affected by MODY based on ISPAD guidelines. Following a detailed clinical evaluation, they were referred for genetic diagnostic testing.

Results:
The cohort consists of 19 females and 34 males with a mean age of diagnosis of 25.3 years and a body mass index of 22.3 Kg/m2. Genetic testing detected variants in 13/53 (~24.5%) individuals. Five cases had significant pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, HNF1A gene in two [(p.Phe268LeufsTer74) (p.Arg200Gln)], one each in HNF4A (Arg311His), PDX1(p.Ala228GlyfsTer33), and a case with suggestive digenic variants in HNF1A gene (p.Arg200Gln) and HNF1B [(p.Leu13Met)]. Variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) with inconclusive evidence of pathogenicity were reported in eight patients, and five were considered to be clinically significant as they are lean young onset, sulfonylurea-responsive, and presented with diabetes without acanthosis nigricans and with high pretest probability. These individuals harboured variants in HNF1A (p.Thr425_Thr429delinsPro), HNF1B (p.Ser19Phe), CEL (p.Val681ArgfsTer6), ABCC8 (p.Ile872Met), and KCNJ11 (p.Arg221Cys) genes.

Conclusion:
We found a diagnostic yield of around 10% of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in individuals who were suspected to have MODY. As it is a field that is still evolving, we might consider starting with oral agents under close supervision in those individuals who have VUS; there are some proportions of individuals who might not have classical sulfonylurea-responsive genetic variants, but they might respond to it.
Prognosis of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer in elderly patients exceeding seventy-five years old
Authors: Hu Li-Li , Rong Feng , Liu Lei , Zhang Ling , Zhang Lei-Lei , Yang Qun , Xia Zhao-Long , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Esophageal cancer (EC) often occurs in the elderly, with approximately 33% of patients aged ≥ 75 years at the time of diagnosis.
AIM
To evaluate the prognostic factors for radiotherapy (RT) in elderly patients with unresectable EC.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, toxic reactions, and survival information of EC patients aged ≥ 75 years who underwent intensity-modulated RT at Lu’an Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2016 and September 2023. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to draw the overall survival (OS) curves, and Cox regression analysis was employed to evaluate the influence of various clinical factors on the prognosis.
RESULTS
A total of 139 patients were enrolled. The median follow-up time was 52.0 months. The median OS was 20.0 months. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS rates were 69.8%, 38.7%, 28.2%, and 17.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age, radiation dose, and chemotherapy had no significant impact on prognosis. Multivariate analysis indicated that clinical stage [III-IVa vs I-II, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.421, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.242-4.718, P = 0.009; IVb vs I-II, HR = 4.222, 95%CI: 1.888-9.438, P < 0.001), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (0 vs ≥ 1, HR = 1.539, 95%CI: 1.015-2.332, P = 0.042), and nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) (< 3 vs ≥ 3, HR = 2.491, 95%CI: 1.601-3.875, P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for OS.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that CCI and NRS2002 were independent prognostic factors of OS for unresectable elderly EC patients undergoing RT. For elderly patients with EC, full attention should be given to biological age-related indicators, such as comorbidities and nutrition, when formulating treatment protocols. These factors should be considered in future clinical practice.
Deep learning model combined with computed tomography features to preoperatively predicting the risk stratification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Li Yi , Liu Yan-Bei , Li Xu-Bin , Cui Xiao-Nan , Meng Dong-Hua , Yuan Cong-Cong , Ye Zhao-Xiang 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are prevalent neoplasm originating from the gastrointestinal mesenchyme. Approximately 50% of GIST patients experience tumor recurrence within 5 years. Thus, there is a pressing need to accurately evaluate risk stratification preoperatively.
AIM
To assess the application of a deep learning model (DLM) combined with computed tomography features for predicting risk stratification of GISTs.
METHODS
Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images of 551 GIST patients were retrospectively analyzed. All image features were independently analyzed by two radiologists. Quantitative parameters were statistically analyzed to identify significant predictors of high-risk malignancy. Patients were randomly assigned to the training (n = 386) and validation cohorts (n = 165). A DLM and a combined DLM were established for predicting the GIST risk stratification using convolutional neural network and subsequently evaluated in the validation cohort.
RESULTS
Among the analyzed CECT image features, tumor size, ulceration, and enlarged feeding vessels were identified as significant risk predictors (P < 0.05). In DLM, the overall area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.88, with the accuracy (ACC) and AUROCs for each stratification being 87% and 0.96 for low-risk, 79% and 0.74 for intermediate-risk, and 84% and 0.90 for high-risk, respectively. The overall ACC and AUROC were 84% and 0.94 in the combined model. The ACC and AUROCs for each risk stratification were 92% and 0.97 for low-risk, 87% and 0.83 for intermediate-risk, and 90% and 0.96 for high-risk, respectively. Differences in AUROCs for each risk stratification between the two models were significant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
A combined DLM with satisfactory performance for preoperatively predicting GIST stratifications was developed using routine computed tomography data, demonstrating superiority compared to DLM.