bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quickest Change-point Detection Problems for Multidimensional Wiener Processes
Authors: Gapeev Pavel V. , Stoev Yavor I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe study the quickest change-point (disorder) detection problems for an observable multidimensional Wiener process with the constantly correlated components changing their drift rates at certain unobservable random (change-point) times. These problems seek to determine the times of alarms which should be as close as possible to the unknown change-point times at which some of the components have changed their drift rates. The optimal stopping times of alarm are shown to be the first times at which the appropriate posterior probability processes exit certain regions restricted by the stopping boundaries. We characterise the value functions and optimal boundaries as unique solutions to the associated free-boundary problems for partial differential equations. It is observed that the optimal stopping boundaries can also be uniquely specified by means of the equivalent nonlinear Fredholm integral equations in the class of continuous functions of bounded variation. We also provide estimates for the value functions and boundaries which are solutions to the appropriately constructed ordinary differential free-boundary problems.
Embracing complexity: abductive reasoning as a versatile tool for analyzing international large-scale assessments
Authors: Sandoval-Hernández Andrés , Rutkowski David Joseph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the potential of abductive reasoning to enhance the analysis of international large-scale assessments which have traditionally relied on deductive and inductive reasoning. While these conventional methods have provided valuable insights into global student achievement, they often fail to capture the complexity of educational systems and the nuanced interplay of variables influencing student outcomes. By proposing abductive reasoning as a complementary analytical approach, this study argues for its ability to account for surprising data points and embrace the complexity inherent in educational systems. Abductive reasoning, characterized by the formulation of the most plausible explanations for observed phenomena, offers a promising avenue for generating new hypotheses and uncovering unexpected relationships. Through a detailed examination of the strengths and weaknesses of inductive and deductive reasoning in the context of ILSA data and the introduction of abductive reasoning’s unique characteristics, this paper highlights the benefits and practical applications of abduction in educational research. It also addresses potential limitations and challenges, advocating for a structured application to enhance rigor and mitigate biases. Ultimately, abductive reasoning is presented as a versatile and creative tool that, when used thoughtfully alongside traditional methods, can significantly advance our understanding of global education systems and inform more nuanced and impactful educational policies.
Leaky gut in systemic inflammation: exploring the link between gastrointestinal disorders and age-related diseases
Authors: Escalante Jonathan , Artaiz Olivia , Diwakarla Shanti , McQuade Rachel M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlobal average life expectancy has steadily increased over the last several decades and is projected to reach ~ 77 years by 2050. As it stands, the number of people > 60 years currently outnumbers children younger than 5 years, and by 2050, it is anticipated that the global population of people aged > 60 years will double, surpassing 2.1 billion. This demographic shift in our population is expected to have substantial consequences on health services globally due to the disease burden associated with aging. Osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline associated with dementia are among the most common age-related diseases and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in the aged population. Many of these age-related diseases have been linked to chronic low-grade systemic inflammation which often accompanies aging. Gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction, also known as “leaky gut,” has been shown to contribute to systemic inflammation in several diseases including inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, but its role in the development and/or progression of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation during aging is unclear. This review outlines current literature on the leaky gut in aging, how leaky gut might contribute to systemic inflammation, and the links between gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and common age-related diseases to provide insight into a potential relationship between the intestinal barrier and inflammation.
Standardization and advancements efforts in breast diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Iima Mami , Honda Maya , Satake Hiroko , Kataoka Masako 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have significantly enhanced breast cancer detection and characterization. Breast MRI offers superior sensitivity, particularly valuable for high-risk screening and assessing disease extent. Abbreviated protocols have emerged, providing efficient cancer detection while reducing scan time and cost. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), a non-contrast technique, has shown promise in differentiating malignant from benign lesions. It offers shorter scanning times and eliminates contrast agent risks. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values provide quantitative measures for lesion characterization, potentially reducing unnecessary biopsies. Studies have revealed some correlations between ADC values and hormone receptor status in breast cancers, although substantial variability exists among studies. However, standardization remains challenging. Initiatives such as European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI), Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Screening Trial (DWIST), Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) have proposed guidelines to ensure consistency in imaging protocols and equipment specifications, addressing variability in ADC measurements across different sites and vendors. Advanced techniques like Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and non-Gaussian DWI offer insights into tissue microvasculature and microstructure. Despite ongoing challenges, the integration of these advanced MRI techniques shows great promise for improving breast cancer diagnosis, characterization, and treatment planning. Continued research and standardization efforts are crucial for maximizing the potential of breast DWI in enhancing patient care and outcomes.
Systematics of Mesozoic ‘Arctic’ polar cockroaches
Authors: Vršanský Peter V. V. , Kováčová Zuzana , Vasilenko Dmitrij V. , Pálková Helena , Nagy Štefan , Kosnáč Daniel , Vidlička Ľubomír , Martin Sarah K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis is an exclusively systematic background study reviewing 85 Mesozoic (latest Jurassic and Cretaceous) cockroaches and praying mantises from northern palaeo-polar (i.e. deposited within polar circles) deposits in Yakutia, Taimyr, Khabarovsk, Magadan and Chukotka (Russia), revealing 15 new species, which are herein characterised using systematic two-way analysis. The taphonomic conditions within these ‘Arctic’ paleo- polar sites were strongly influenced by long periods of pre-depositional transport.
A comprehensive review on operating room scheduling and optimization
Authors: Al Amin Md , Baldacci Roberto , Kayvanfar Vahid 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The growing number of publications on Operating Room Scheduling (ORS) in recent years reflects the rapid advancements in the field. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the historical developments and evolving trends in operating room scheduling by systematically examining the literature from 2000 to 2023. A multi-database search, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest and IEEE Xplore was employed to ensure the inclusion of key studies. This paper presents a review of the factors, descriptive fields, and key issues in operating room scheduling. It also focuses on optimization techniques and solution approaches for both deterministic and uncertain conditions. Special attention is given to real-world constraints, such as resource limitations, staff availability and patient variability which significantly impact scheduling. The review identifies that ORS research covers a broad spectrum of problems and solutions, with no singular research trend dominating the field. This indicates that researchers are tackling diverse challenges across various contexts. The final section outlines the significant pitfalls and proposes future research directions, including the integration of emerging technologies and sustainability considerations. This review is a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and academicians in healthcare operations and hospital management, offering insights into current practices and future opportunities for innovation in ORS.
Probiotic Mixture Attenuates Colorectal Tumorigenesis in Murine AOM/DSS Model by Suppressing STAT3, Inducing Apoptotic p53 and Modulating Gut Microbiota
Authors: Leung Hoi Kit Matthew , Lo Emily Kwun Kwan , Chen Congjia , Zhang Fangfei , Felicianna  , Ismaiah Marsena Jasiel , El-Nezami Hani 
Published: December 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The standard CRC chemo drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), has a poor response rate and chemoresistance, prompting the need for a more effective and affordable treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether Prohep, a novel probiotic mixture, would alleviate azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis and enhance 5-FU efficacy and its mechanism. Our results suggested that Prohep showed stronger anti-tumorigenesis effects than 5-FU alone or when combined in the AOM/DSS model. Prohep significantly reduced the total tumor count, total tumor size, caecum weight, colonic crypt depth, colonic inflammation, and collagen fibrosis. Prohep downregulated pro-inflammatory TNF-α and proliferative p-STAT3 and upregulated apoptotic p53. Metagenomics analysis indicated that Prohep-enriched Helicobacter ganmani, Desulfovibrio porci, Helicobacter hepaticus, and Candidatus Borkfalkia ceftriaxoniphila were inversely correlated to the total tumor count. In addition, Prohep-enriched Prevotella sp. PTAC and Desulfovibrio porci were negatively correlated to AOM/DSS enriched bacteria, while forming a co-existing community with other beneficial bacteria. From KEGG analysis, Prohep downregulated CRC-related pathways and enhanced pathways related to metabolites suppressing CRC like menaquinone, tetrapyrrole, aminolevulinic acid, and tetrahydrofolate. From Metacyc analysis, Prohep downregulated CRC-related peptidoglycan, LPS, and uric acid biosynthesis, and conversion. Prohep elevated the biosynthesis of the beneficial L-lysine, lipoic acid, pyrimidine, and palmitate. Prohep also elevated metabolic pathways related to energy utilization of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) and acetate producers. Similarly, fecal acetate concentration was upregulated by Prohep. To sum up, Prohep demonstrated exceptional anti-tumorigenesis effects in the AOM/DSS model, which revealed its potential to develop into a novel CRC therapeutic in the future.
Graphical Abstract
Mindfulness and the Judging Mind in the Context of Buddhist Models of Mind
Authors: Seegers Manfred 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Psychological research on mindfulness has often focused on the effects of mindfulness training, such as clinical application, rather than on the meaning of mindfulness itself as taught in various spiritual, philosophical, and medical traditions. Mindfulness is often seen as a general training in attentional awareness. From a Buddhist perspective, this approach does not allow for the effective solution of deep-rooted problems arising from a deluded state of mind, which requires insight into the nature of mind. In order to apply the practice of mindfulness as a soteriological path, a precise understanding of the full range of functions of mindfulness and the judgmental mind is essential. To this end, this study explores the relevant definitions and levels of this practice in the context of Buddhist models of mind. This paper provides a profound analysis of early Indian Buddhist sources such as the Four Foundations of Mindfulness and later Tibetan Buddhist presentations, in particular those of the Kagyu lineage, such as the Distinction between Consciousness and Wisdom by the 3rd Karmapa Rangjung Dorje (1284–1339). Buddhist epistemology and meditation instructions offer various mind maps and discuss the steps in the process of perception, based on the application of mindfulness, to overcome deluded states of mind and develop highest wisdom. The theoretical and practical findings are intended to be helpful in integrating traditional Buddhist models of mindfulness and the judging mind, including issues of health and happiness, with our modern understanding of cognitive processes as described in applied psychology.
Vermicomposting of gastro waste does not produce high-quality fertilizer
Authors: Dvořáčková H. , Vlček V. , Cwiková O. , Menoušková K. , Záhora J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe production of gastro-waste is an common issue part in all societies, but its disposal, including recycling, is not yet satisfactorily resolved. This research explored whether it is possible to manage this waste directly at its source without special equipment and high initial investments. The study was conducted on a university campus, where a simple three-tier vermicomposter was assembled to process cafeteria leftovers. The vermicomposting process and the quality of the resulting vermicompost were monitored, and a container experiment with a 20% vermicompost concentration was set up.The vermicompost was evaluated from a food perspective and found to attract insects, emite odors, and heat up to over 50 °C within the vermicomposter. The resulting vermicompost parameters were not as favorable for agricultural use as those from thermally untreated waste. The most problematic parameter was the electrical conductivity, which likely caused the early termination of the container experiment due to plant death in the vermicompost-applied variant. Additionally, high concentrations of microorganisms such as Salmonella and E. Coli were found in the vermicompost. In conclusion, using the vermicomposting process for heat-treated food residues is not suitable for regular institutions.
Graphical abstract
Verbal Abuse, Depersonalization, and the Innate Alarm and Defensive Systems: A Single Case Illustration of Treatment with Deep Brain Reorienting
Authors: Frau Costanzo , Corrigan Frank M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to a) discuss the neurobiological mechanisms of depersonalization as arising from activation at the brainstem level and b) assess the effectiveness of deep brain reorienting psychotherapy (DBR) with a patient presenting with depersonalization-derealization disorder (DDD). In the first part of the paper, we discuss verbal abuse as a severe form of relational trauma and how it can be connected to depersonalization. It is argued that suddenly aversive experiences engage the brainstem locus coeruleus in widespread noradrenergic activation of the thalamus and cortex such that the balance of functioning within the cortex becomes disturbed and a subjective experience of chronic depersonalization results. In the second part, the single-case study aims to provide initial evidence of how the patient experienced and responded to DBR therapy. Pre- and post-treatment measures consisted of instruments to measure depersonalization, social anxiety symptoms and quality of life. After 43 DBR sessions, the participant's depersonalization and comorbid symptoms decreased significantly. Patients with DDD may benefit from DBR. Future research is required to address generalizability to a larger population.
An algorithm and computation to verify Legendre’s conjecture up to $$7\cdot 10^{13}$$
Authors: Sorenson Jonathan , Webster Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe state a general purpose algorithm for quickly finding primes in evenly divided sub-intervals. Legendre’s conjecture claims that for every positive integer n, there exists a prime between $$n^2$$

n
2

and $$(n+1)^2$$

(
n
+
1
)

2

. Oppermann’s conjecture subsumes Legendre’s conjecture by claiming there are primes between $$n^2$$

n
2

and $$n(n+1)$$

n
(
n
+
1
)

and also between $$n(n+1)$$

n
(
n
+
1
)

and $$(n+1)^2$$

(
n
+
1
)

2

. Using Cramér’s conjecture as the basis for a heuristic run-time analysis, we show that our algorithm can verify Oppermann’s conjecture, and hence also Legendre’s conjecture, for all $$n\le N$$

n
≤
N

in time $$O( N \log N \log \log N)$$

O
(
N
log
N
log
log
N
)

and space $$N^{O(1/\log \log N)}$$

N

O
(
1
/
log
log
N
)

. We implemented a parallel version of our algorithm and improved the empirical verification of Oppermann’s conjecture from the previous $$N = 2\cdot 10^{9}$$

N
=
2
·

10
9

up to $$N = 7.05\cdot 10^{13} > 2^{46}$$

N
=
7.05
·

10
13

>

2
46

, so we were finding 27 digit primes. The computation ran for about half a year on each of two platforms: four Intel Xeon Phi 7210 processors using a total of 256 cores, and a 192-core cluster of Intel Xeon E5-2630 2.3GHz processors.
Eine Frage der Perspektive: Zur Einordnung von Wahlergebnissen aus Anlass der Europawahl 2024
Authors: Giebler Heiko , Wagner Aiko 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungNach Europawahlen werden von Medien, Parteien und auch der Wissenschaft häufig Rückschlüsse auf die politische Stimmung in einem Mitgliedsland gezogen. Die Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament stellen allerdings Nebenwahlen dar, die von den Bürger:innen häufig als „Denkzettel“ für die nationalen Regierungsparteien genutzt werden. Eine geringere und selektivere Wahlbeteiligung, sowie andere Themenlagen als bei nationalen Hauptwahlen tragen oft zu deutlich abweichenden Wahlergebnissen bei. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, was überhaupt eine sinnvolle Vergleichsperspektive zur Einordnung der Ergebnisse sein kann. Am Beispiel des Abschneidens der europäischen Regierungsparteien bei der Europawahl 2024 wird argumentiert, dass ein Vergleich sowohl mit nationalen Hauptwahlen als auch mit der vorangegangenen Europawahl 2019 sinnvoll und fruchtbar sein kann, wenn die jeweiligen Kontexte berücksichtigt werden. Die verschiedenen Wahlen folgen nicht nur unterschiedlichen Logiken, sondern führen auch zu divergierenden Ergebnissen hinsichtlich der Zustimmung der Wähler:innen und den daraus resultierenden Gewinnen und Verlusten. Eine Kombination beider Perspektiven kann helfen, Fehlschlüsse zu vermeiden.
Robust and Lightweight Challenge Obfuscation Mechanism for Anti-modeling Protection of Arbiter-PUFs
Authors: Ebrahimabadi Mohammad , Younis Mohamed , Mehjabin Suhee Sanjana , Tekeoglu Ali , Sookoor Tamim I. , Karimi Naghmeh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhysically unclonable functions (PUFs) are lightweight hardware security primitives that leverage the imperfection of the manufacturing process of integrated circuits to generate unique signatures (responses) when queried by various bit-strings (challenges). These signatures can be used not only to authenticate interconnected devices but also to generate cryptographic keys for preserving the integrity and confidentiality of data. Among the different designs, the arbiter-PUF and its variants have received the most attention due to the large cardinality of their challenge-response set. To prevent the PUF circuits from being modeled using machine learning techniques, challenge obfuscation is often being pursued. Particularly, the simplicity of bit scrambling makes it an attractive means to achieve such a goal without diminishing the low complexity advantages of PUFs. This paper first shows that the conventional, fixed pattern-based, bit scrambling scheme is vulnerable by developing a detailed attack scenario. Then, we propose a novel lightweight dynamic challenge scrambling (DCS) mechanism that predictably varies the bit-swapping pattern per packet and per node. Such variability severely degrades the PUF modeling accuracy. The results extracted from the FPGA implementation of DCS confirm its effectiveness in thwarting PUF modeling attacks.
Scoring model for exploring factors influencing mortality in dengue patients at a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: Rao Abhishek S. , Pai B. H. Karthik , Adithi K. , Keshav Lakshmi Belur , Malhotra Karan , Nayak Sneha , Sachidananda H. K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis retrospective study took place at a tertiary care hospital involving hospitalized dengue patients in India. Various clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded. A practical score-based model (DENScore) was developed by calculating the risk score for each attribute. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to ascertain notable predictors of mortality. The study also conducted a survival analysis test to illustrate the composite interaction among disease parameters that affect survival probabilities. Among 255 patients, most were under 45 years old, with a survival rate of 96.47%. Univariate logistic regression revealed that patients with ages above 45 years showed symptoms associated with acute kidney injury as significant predictors for reduced survival. Multivariate logistic regression analysis also confirmed that age, acute kidney injury, and Leukocytosis remained the most significant independent predictors of mortality. Gender, hospital stay duration, thrombocytopenia, and SGOT (Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase) levels showed no mortality association. The model was developed using three state-of-the-art algorithms: Logistic Regression (LR), Linear SVM, and Ridge Classifier (RC). The developed model showed higher scores for acute kidney injury, leukocytosis, platelet count, and dengue shock syndrome features, achieving accuracy rates of 95%, 97%, and 91% respectively. The study findings suggest that age, acute kidney injury, Leukocytosis, and dengue shock syndrome are crucial prognostic factors for mortality in dengue fever patients. The developed DENScore model provides an accurate approach to identifying these predictors early, contributing to the enhancement of disease prognostics.
Efficacy of adipose tissue-derived stromal fraction in the treatment of osteochondral defects in rabbits
Authors: De Oliveira Ariane Barboza , Madeira Marina Cazarini , Rosado Isabel Rodrigues , Martin Ian , Bertassoli Bruno Machado , De Macedo Suzilaine Alves Oliveira , Mota Francisco Cláudio Dantas , Alves Endrigo Gabellini Leonel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of stromal derived from adipose tissue in the treatment of osteochondral defects in rabbits. A total of 36 white New Zealand rabbits were used: 24 to perform an osteochondral defect in the trochlear groove of the joints and 12 to collect adipose tissue in the region of the adipose panicle, divided in three digestion times (30, 45 and 50 min). The groups were divided into negative control (C−), stromal fraction of adipose tissue (SFAT) and positive control (C +) with autogenous osteochondral graft. Clinical, radiographic, macroscopic and histopathological evaluations showed that the therapeutic effects of the stromal fraction of adipose tissue minimized the degenerative signs of articular cartilage in the treatment of osteochondral defects in rabbits. The digestion time of 30 min was the best option for obtaining the stromal fraction from adipose tissue of rabbits and its use at the lesion site was satisfactory, without any immunological complications, indicating potential as an alternative for the treatment of osteochondral defects.