bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Home‐based Exercise Program on Anxiety and Mood Disturbances in Older Adults with Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Loh Kah Poh , Kleckner Ian R. , Lin Po‐Ju , Mohile Supriya G. , Canin Beverly E. , Flannery Marie A. , Fung Chunkit , Dunne Richard F. , Bautista Javier , Culakova Eva , Kleckner Amber S. , Peppone Luke J. , Janelsins Michelle , McHugh Colin , Conlin Alison , Cho Jonathan K. , Kasbari Sameer , Esparaz Benjamin T. , Kuebler J. Philip , Mustian Karen M. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEExercise interventions improve anxiety and mood disturbances in patients with cancer. However, studies are limited in older adults with cancer. We assessed the effects of exercise on anxiety, mood, and social and emotional well‐being in older patients with cancer during their first 6 weeks of chemotherapy.DESIGNExploratory secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT).SETTINGCommunity oncology practices.PARTICIPANTSOlder patients (aged 60 years or older) undergoing chemotherapy (N = 252).INTERVENTIONPatients were randomized to Exercise for Cancer Patients (EXCAP) or usual care (control) for the first 6 weeks of chemotherapy. EXCAP is a home‐based, low‐ to moderate‐intensity progressive walking and resistance training program.MEASUREMENTSAnalysis of covariance, with study arm as the factor, baseline value as the covariate, and study arm × baseline interaction, was used to evaluate arm effects on postintervention anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), mood (Profile of Mood States [POMS]), and social and emotional well‐being (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General subscales) after 6 weeks.RESULTSMedian age was 67 years; 77% had breast cancer. Statistically significant group differences were observed in the STAI score (P = .001), POMS score (P = .022), social well‐being (P = .002), and emotional well‐being (P = .048). For each outcome, EXCAP patients with worse baseline scores had larger improvements at 6 weeks; these improvements were clinically significant for STAI score and social well‐being.CONCLUSIONSAmong older cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, a 6‐week structured exercise program improved anxiety and mood, especially among those participants with worse baseline symptoms. Additional RCTs are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the appropriate exercise prescription for managing anxiety, mood, and well‐being in this patient population. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1005–1011, 2019.
Malnourished adults’ receipt of hospital discharge nutrition care instructions: a pilot study
Authors: Brooks M. , Vest M. T. , Shapero M. , Papas M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition remains an important yet under‐recognised problem among hospitalised adults. Although interventions exist aiming to improve nutritional status beyond hospitalisation, few studies examine how often and what type of nutrition care instructions are given at discharge. The present study sought to review nutrition‐focused discharge care provided to malnourished adults.MethodsWe reviewed the electronic medical record for discharge nutrition care instructions provided to adult patients identified by dietitians as malnourished over a 4‐month period.ResultsSeventy‐six eligible patients were identified during the study period. More than half of malnutrition cases (64.5%) were attributed to chronic illness. According to electronic medical record documentation, 6.6% received discharge instructions to consume oral nutrition supplements and 30.3% received new or changed prescriptions for vitamins/noncaloric supplements. Almost half of patients (47.4%) received general diet instructions that did not address malnutrition and 44.8% received inappropriate instructions to limit caloric intake.ConclusionsA majority of malnourished adult patients receive inappropriate or inadequate nutrition care instructions at the time of discharge. Clinician education and redesign of nutrition care options in the electronic medical record may improve the provision of post‐discharge nutrition care instructions.
Examination of Alzheimer's disease by a combination of electrostatic force and mechanical measurement
Authors: ZHAO W. , CUI W. , XU S. , CHEONG L.‐Z. , SHEN C. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia and neurodegenerative disorder disease in central nervous system, and threatens the people's health seriously. But till now there are no effective ways to diagnose and treat AD. Herein, the differences between charge propagation, surface morphology, and Young's modulus of the hippocampus, in healthy and AD mice have been investigated using advanced modes of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The ability of charge transfer in AD samples has decreased compared with healthy samples. There are compact layered structures in hippocampus from healthy sample, whereas there are no obvious layered structures in hippocampus from AD sample. The Young's modulus of hippocampus from AD sample is about half of that from healthy sample. The results demonstrate that AFM will be helpful in the further study of the functions of hippocampus and pathogeny of AD.Lay DescriptionAlzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, a neurodegenerative disease which especially affects elderly people, threatens people's health seriously. The pathological features of AD are senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebral atrophy. The main clinical symptoms of AD are progressive memory impairment, cognitive dysfunction, and loss of language skills, as there are disorder in limbic and cortices. The morbidity rate increases with age and is currently at 5% and 20% among people older than 65 and 85, respectively. Thus AD has a heavy socioeconomic burden, especially in an aging society. So far, there are no effective therapeutic clinical treatments, and no effective means and methods to test and diagnose early stage AD. This means that further studies are essential to gain a deeper, fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis of AD.In this work, the surface morphology, electrical and mechanical properties of the hippocampi from healthy and AD mice have been investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) at nanometre scale for the first time. The hippocampi from healthy mice are composed of compact layered structures, whereas there are no obvious characteristic features in the hippocampi from AD mice. The electrical properties of hippocampus slices were studied by the Electrostatic Force Microscopy (EFM) mode of AFM. The charge propagation ability of axons from AD mice has decreased dramatically compared to that of healthy mice. After charge injection (injection voltage was +10 V) the charge density was 2.3 × 105 C μm–2 in healthy samples, which was larger than that from the AD samples (1.0 × 105 C μm–2). The Young's modulus of hippocampi from healthy and AD mice were 104.0 and 40.1 kPa, respectively, as revealed by the quantitative nanomechanical mapping (QNM) mode of AFM. It indicates that when AD occurs, the Young's modulus will be lower than the healthy sample. These observations and experimental approaches will be useful in future studies of the pathogeny of AD.
Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Supplementary Motor Area to Motor and Language Networks in Patients with Brain Tumors
Authors: Bathla Girish , Gene Madeleine N. , Peck Kyung K. , Jenabi Mehrnaz , Tabar Viviane , Holodny Andrei I. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEWe examined the resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in brain tumor patients. We compared the SMA subdivisions (pre‐SMA, SMA proper, central SMA) in terms of RSFC projected from each region to the motor gyrus and language areas.METHODSWe retrospectively identified 14 brain tumor patients who underwent task‐based and resting‐state fMRI, and who completed motor and language paradigms that activated the SMA proper and pre‐SMA, respectively. Regions of interest (ROIs) obtained from task‐based fMRI were generated in both areas and the central SMA to produce RSFC maps. Degree of RSFC was measured from each subdivision to the motor gyrus and Broca's area (BA).RESULTSAll patients showed RSFC between the pre‐SMA and language centers and between the SMA proper and motor gyrus. Thirteen of 14 patients showed RSFC from the central SMA to both motor and language areas. There was no significant difference between subdivisions in degree of RSFC to BA (pre‐SMA, r = .801; central SMA, r = .803; SMA proper; r = .760). The pre‐SMA showed significantly less RSFC to the motor gyrus (r = .732) compared to the central SMA (r = .842) and SMA proper (r = .883) (P = .016, P = .001, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThe region between the pre‐SMA and SMA proper produces reliable RSFC to the motor gyrus and language areas in brain tumor patients. This study is the first to examine RSFC of the central SMA in this population. Consequently, our results provide further validation to previous studies, supporting the existence of a central SMA with connectivity to both motor and language networks.
Manufacturing of Metal Frameworks for Full‐Arch Dental Restoration on Implants: A Comparison between Milling and a Novel Hybrid Technology
Authors: Ciocca Leonardo , Meneghello Roberto , Savio Gianpaolo , Scheda Lorenzo , Monaco Carlo , Gatto Maria Rosaria , Micarelli Costanza , Baldissara Paolo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine the trueness and precision of frameworks manufactured with a selective laser melting/milling hybrid technique (SLM/m) and conventional milling by comparing the implant‐platform/framework interface with those of the original computer‐aided design (CAD).Materials and MethodsUsing a virtual 6‐implant‐supported full‐arch framework CAD drawing, 27 titanium replicas were manufactured by 3 independent manufacturing centers (n = 9/center) using a hybrid SLM/m technology (labs 1 and 2) or the conventional milling technique (lab 3). Using an opto‐mechanical coordinate measuring machine, the frameworks’ misfit distribution and patterns were analyzed, and the position error between paired platform positions within each framework was evaluated to calculate the misfit tendency for each group. A multilevel analysis using a mixed‐effects model was conducted (α = 0.05). The trueness was evaluated as the dimensional difference from the original, while the precision as the dimensional difference from a repeated scan.ResultsThe 3 dimensional misfits differed significantly among the 3 groups, with the milled group exhibiting the least accurate outcome (p = 0.005). The mean 3D positioning errors ranged from 8 to 16 µm and from 9 to 22 µm for the SLM/m technique (labs 1 and 2, respectively), and from 20 to 35 µm for conventional milling (lab 3). Regarding the misfit distribution pattern, the misfit increased with the distance between paired platform positions in all groups.ConclusionsAll groups had 3D misfits well within the error limits reported in the literature. The 3D misfits of new hybrid (SLM/milling) and conventional (milling) procedures differed significantly among them, with the milling technique the less accurate and precise. The largest errors in all groups were found between the most distant implants, resulting in a correlation between the framework span and the inaccuracies.
High incidence of respiratory disease in Australian infants despite low rate of maternal cigarette smoking
Authors: Gray Lawrence E K , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Lin Tiffany X , O'Hely Martin , Collier Fiona , Ranganathan Sarath , Sly Peter D , Pezic Angela , Tang Mimi L K , Burgner David , Vuillermin Peter 
Published: May 2019

AimThe burden of wheezing illnesses in Australian infants has not been documented since the success of initiatives to reduce maternal cigarette smoking. We aimed to determine the incidence of wheeze and related health‐care utilisation during the first year of life among a contemporary Australian birth cohort.MethodsA birth cohort of 1074 infants was assembled between 2010 and 2013. Parents completed questionnaires periodically. Several non‐exclusive infant respiratory disease phenotypes were defined, including any wheeze, wheeze with shortness of breath and recurrent wheeze. Skin prick testing was performed to determine atopic wheeze. Health‐care utilisation for respiratory disease was determined from questionnaires and hospital medical records.ResultsRetention to 1 year was 840/1074 (83%). The incidence of any wheeze was 51.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 48.3–55.2%), wheeze with shortness of breath 20.6% (95% CI 17.9–23.5), recurrent wheeze 19.4% (95% CI 16.8–22.2) and atopic wheeze 6% (95% CI 4.6–7.8). Respiratory illness resulted in primary health‐care utilisation in 82.2% (95% CI 79.3–84.8) of participants and hospital presentation in 8.8% (95% CI 7.2–10.6). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was uncommon (15.7%) and was not associated with wheeze or health resource utilisation. Male gender, familial atopy and asthma and smaller household size were associated with a higher incidence of wheeze.ConclusionsThe incidence of wheezing illness among Australian infants remains high despite relatively low rates of maternal smoking during pregnancy. The majority of the health‐care burden is borne by primary health‐care services. Further research is required to inform novel prevention strategies.
Simultaneous determination of 19 mycotoxins in lotus seed using a multimycotoxin UFLC-MS/MS method
Authors: Wei Fang , Liu Xiaofei , Liao Xiaofang , Shi Linchun , Zhang Shuwei , Lu Jinghua , Zhou Lidong , Kong Weijun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
In relevance to the internal components and improper environmental conditions, lotus seeds are susceptible to fungal contamination and mycotoxins residue, leading to harmful impacts on the quality and safety, as well as their pharmaceutical efficacy and clinical use. It is necessary and urgent to assess various mycotoxins residue in lotus seeds. This study aimed to develop a sensitive method for accurate assessment of multimycotoxin residues in lotus seeds.

Methods
A simple and reliable modified ultrasonication-assisted extraction, QuEChERS purification based ultrafast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method was successfully developed for ultrasensitive determination of 19 multiclass mycotoxins in starch-rich lotus seeds. Four extraction modes and three clean-up sorbents for improving the recoveries of mycotoxins were optimized. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification, linearity, precision, accuracy, and matrix effect were studied for method validation. For simultaneous qualitation and quantification, the 19 chemically diversified mycotoxins were well separated on a CAPCELL CORE C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.7 μm) and detected in positive/negative electrospray ionization mode within 7 min.

Key findings
The validated method exhibited satisfactory linearity (r &gt; 0.995), ultragood selectivity (LODs of 0.1–15.0 μg/kg), excellent precision (RSDs &lt;13.0%) and convincing accuracy (recoveries between 79.4% and 131.6% with RSDs &lt;14.4%). Matrix effect, between 54.5% and 113.6%, appeared especially for aflatoxins B1 and B2, deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxins. Matrix-matched curve-based quantification showed that 26 (57.8%) out of 45 lotus seed samples were contaminated with one or more mycotoxins, and ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin B1 and citrinin were the most prevalent mycotoxins.

Conclusions
This study reports for the first time the incidence of a wide range of 19 mycotoxins in lotus seeds and the proposed method will get broad application for more trace components in other complex matrices.
Stunting trajectories from post‐infancy to adolescence in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam
Authors: Gausman Jewel , Kim Rockli , Subramanian S.V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany interventions focus on preventing stunting in the first 1,000 days of life. We take a broader perspective on childhood growth to assess the proportions of children who suffer persistent stunting, recover, and falter and become newly stunted between birth and adolescence. We use longitudinal data collected on 7,128 children in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. Data were collected in five survey waves between the ages of 1 to 15 years. We use descriptive and graphical approaches to compare the trajectories of children first stunted by age 1, first stunted by age 5, and those remained not stunted until age 5. On average, 29.6% of children were first stunted by age 1, 12.9% of children were first stunted by the age 5, and 68.7% of children were not stunted at either age 1 or age 5. A larger percentage of children stunted by age 1 remained stunted at age 15 (40.7%) compared with those who were first stunted by age 5 (32.3%); 33.7% of children first stunted by age 1 and 31.1% of children first stunted by age 5 go on to recover, but then falter during later childhood. 13.1% of children who were not stunted at age 1 or age 5 become newly stunted between the ages of 8 and 15. Our results show that children both become stunted and recover from stunting into adolescence. More attention should be paid to interventions to support healthy growth throughout childhood.
Genomic evidence of genetic variation with pleiotropic effects on caterpillar fitness and plant traits in a model legume
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Brady Megan , Chalyavi Farzaneh , Saley Tara C. , Philbin Casey S. , Tucker Matthew J. , Forister Matthew L. , Lucas Lauren K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlant–insect interactions are ubiquitous, and have been studied intensely because of their relevance to damage and pollination in agricultural plants, and to the ecology and evolution of biodiversity. Variation within species can affect the outcome of these interactions. Specific genes and chemicals that mediate these interactions have been identified, but genome‐ or metabolome‐scale studies might be necessary to better understand the ecological and evolutionary consequences of intraspecific variation for plant–insect interactions. Here, we present such a study. Specifically, we assess the consequences of genome‐wide genetic variation in the model plant Medicago truncatula for Lycaeides melissa caterpillar growth and survival (larval performance). Using a rearing experiment and a whole‐genome SNP data set (>5 million SNPs), we found that polygenic variation in M. truncatula explains 9%–41% of the observed variation in caterpillar growth and survival. Genetic correlations among caterpillar performance and other plant traits, including structural defences and some anonymous chemical features, suggest that multiple M. truncatula alleles have pleiotropic effects on plant traits and caterpillar performance (or that substantial linkage disequilibrium exists among distinct loci affecting subsets of these traits). A moderate proportion of the genetic effect of M. truncatula alleles on L. melissa performance can be explained by the effect of these alleles on the plant traits we measured, especially leaf toughness. Taken together, our results show that intraspecific genetic variation in M. truncatula has a substantial effect on the successful development of L. melissa caterpillars (i.e., on a plant–insect interaction), and further point toward traits potentially mediating this genetic effect.
Rich pictures: a companion method for qualitative research in medical education
Authors: Cristancho Sayra M , Helmich Esther 
Published: May 2019

ContextWithin the social sciences, researchers increasingly build on visual methods to explore complex phenomena and understand how people experience and give meaning to this complexity. Amongst the variety of visual methods available, rich pictures are beginning to gain traction in health professions education (HPE) research.ApproachA rich picture is a pictorial representation of a particular situation, including what happened, who was involved, how people felt, how people acted, how people behaved, and what external pressures they acted upon. Rich pictures expand our perspective; they may highlight connections, illuminate the big picture and reveal unexpected emotions. Although new methods bring excitement to the field, it is our responsibility to also be cautious and insightful about their limitations. Rich pictures are a method in evolution in HPE research, with many unknowns about what is possible and what is optimal.PurposeIn the current paper, we aim to map out the background, describe the process and share some reflective insights of using rich pictures as a data collection method.
Dynamic headway control for high‐frequency bus line based on speed guidance and intersection signal adjustment
Authors: Bie Yiming , Xiong Xinyu , Yan Yadan , Qu Xiaobo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo prevent bus bunching, a dynamic headway control method in the V2I (vehicle to infrastructure) environment for a high‐frequency route with bus lane is developed. Bus operating speed guidance on the mid‐blocks and intersection signal adjustment are two main strategies in the proposed method. A forecasting model of bus travel time under the dynamic control method is developed. The objective function is set up by taking into account differences between actual bus headways and dispatching headways, and the scaling ratios of intersection cycle lengths. The optimization model is solved using genetic algorithm. The proposed method is applied to a real bus route in Meihekou city, China, and compared with the current control plan as well as holding strategy. Results show that the proposed method can reduce bus headway deviations in all investigating periods; negative impacts on cars can be limited by setting reasonable values for the parameters.
The Consubstantial Otherness of God: Divine Simplicity and the Trinity in Hans Urs von Balthasar
Authors: Martin Jennifer Newsome 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMartin explores divine simplicity according to the twentieth‐century Catholic theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar. She grants that Balthasar does not provide a traditional presentation of the attribute of divine simplicity. In his doctrine of the Trinity, Balthasar emphasizes such themes as distance, “hiatus,” and infinite difference, none of which seems to promise a robust doctrine of divine simplicity. Indeed, some have suggested that Balthasar's Trinitarian theology does not allow for traditional claims about divine simplicity. Martin argues, however, that one finds in Balthasar's Trinitarian theology the doctrine of divine simplicity, assumed as an internalized starting point and rooted in his understanding of the analogia entis. This can be seen, for example, in his various engagements with Aquinas as well as with contemporary thinkers such as Gustav Siewerth and Erich Przywara. Likewise, when addressing the issue of whether the Trinitarian Persons can be “counted” according to our normal understanding of number, he insists with Evagrius that God is simple. In the same context, he similarly draws upon Plotinus, Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, Gregory Nazianzen, Tertullian, Ambrose, and Aquinas. Martin therefore gives particular attention to the Theo‐Logic and to Balthasar's affirmation in his Trinitarian theology of the points that the divine Persons are fully God, the divine attributes are identical with each other in God, and the distinction of Persons has to do not with three parts of God but with opposed subsistent relations.