bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant plagioclase in the Steens Basalt, southeast Oregon, USA: Tracking the balance of differentiation processes in continental flood basalt evolution
Authors: Moore N.E. , Toth C. , Bohrson W.A. , Grunder A.L. , Clark N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Giant plagioclase basalts (GPBs), flows that contain abundant and conspicuous plagioclase crystals ≥1 cm in length, exist at many continental flood basalt provinces, and their presence can provide a window into the crustal differentiation processes and storage conditions that produced the magmas prior to eruption. GPB flows occur in the Steens Basalt of southeast Oregon, USA, one of the earliest members of the Columbia River Flood Basalt Group, but their origin in this province has not been studied in detail. We conducted quantitative textural analysis utilizing crystal size distributions (CSDs) at the outcrop and thin section scale, as well as in situ plagioclase trace element and isotopic compositional analysis, in order to elucidate the processes responsible for generating two end-member textural types of GPB found in the Steens Basalt: daisy stone glomerocryst clusters composed of radiating plagioclase laths and single isolated plagioclase. CSD patterns suggest a changing balance of multiple differentiation processes affected the magmas that created each GPB textural type. In the daisy stone plagioclase, crystals rarely exhibit resorption textures, trace element abundances are comparatively low with minimal variability, and Sr isotopes are commonly in equilibrium with groundmass. In the single isolated plagioclase, resorption textures are common, trace element abundances are generally higher and display within crystal variation, and Sr isotopes are typically not in equilibrium with groundmass. These distinctive characteristics require separate mechanisms to generate each end-member GPB texture. Daisy stone GPBs form by growth of large crystals following mafic recharge events that completely resorb entrained cumulate plagioclase. A large amount of plagioclase may then grow with minimal cooling following recharge due to saturation in plagioclase components. In contrast, single isolated GPBs are the result of partial resorption of both entrained and resident plagioclase following less voluminous and less primitive recharge events; regrowth then occurs on the partially resorbed cores when cooling resumes. Both GPB types are formed by thermal cycling, but each texture reflects the differentiation processes that were prevalent during different eruptive stages of the Steens Basalt, as the balance between recharge, crystal fractionation, and assimilation varied in time.
Petrogenetic relationship of the variably Ni–Cu–platinum-group element (PGE)-mineralized intrusions of the Thunder Bay North Intrusive Complex, Midcontinent Rift, Canada: Implications for mineral exploration in mafic–ultramafic complexes
Authors: Brzozowski Matthew J. , Hollings Pete , Hamilton Mike , Heggie Geoff , Caglioti Connor , Yahia Khalid , Bravo Andrea Corredor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Thunder Bay North Intrusive Complex (TBNIC) of Canada comprises six variably Ni–Cu–platinum-group element (PGE)-mineralized mafic–ultramafic intrusions that intruded the Archean Quetico Subprovince. These are the Current, Escape, Lone Island, Greenwich, and 025 intrusions, with the former three aligned along an east–west-trending intrusion termed the East–West Corridor. These intrusions have a consistent igneous stratigraphy comprising, from bottom to top, peridotite, gabbros, and quartz gabbro. Only the Current and Escape intrusions are known to host sulfide mineralization in the peridotite. Despite the economic significance of the TBNIC, little work has been done to characterize its petrogenetic evolution and the causes of the apparent variable fertility. Our new ages for Escape (1107.6 ± 0.9 Ma) and Greenwich (1105.7 ± 0.9 Ma), combined with previously determined ages for Current (1106.6 ± 1.6 Ma) and Lone Island (1106.3 ± 2.1 Ma), demonstrate that the TBNIC was emplaced as part of the ca. 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift event. The similarities in their rare earth element geochemistry and consistently low Th/La–Sri values indicate that the intrusions crystallized from genetically related magmas that did not assimilate significant amounts of crustal material. Accordingly, their systematically negative εNdt values and Nb anomalies likely reflect that their parent magmas were largely sourced from the subdcontinental lithospheric mantle and not the Keweenaw Plume. Given their genetic relationship, the variable fertility of the intrusions cannot be related to processes that occurred in their mantle sources. Since the gabbros have systematically depleted Cu/Zr–Cu/Pd ratios and the peridotites have enriched ratios, the apparent variable fertility is likely related to the timing and location of sulfide segregation and accumulation, with the barren gabbros preserving magmas that lost sulfide liquid during transport to shallow crustal levels, and the mineralized peridotites recording accumulation of sulfide liquid. This interpretation has important implications for exploration as it implies that sulfide mineralization in the apparently barren intrusions may be located at depth in undiscovered ultramafic cumulates.
Complications of excess weight seen in two tier 3 paediatric weight management services: an observational study
Authors: Hawton Katherine , Apperley Louise , Parkinson Jennifer , Owens Meghan , Semple Claire , Canvin Lauren , Holt Alanna , Easter Shelley , Clark Kate , Lund Kim , Clarke Ellie , O’Brien James , Giri Dinesh , Senniappan Senthil , Shield Julian P H 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundChildren and young people living with severe obesity experience a range of complications of excess weight (CEW); however the prevalence of complications is not well defined. We have evaluated baseline characteristics and CEW of patients from two UK tier 3 paediatric weight management services.MethodsAll new patients aged 2–17 years seen from March 2022 to February 2023 were included. Baseline demographic data was collected, and patients screened for CEW. PedsQL-4.0 questionnaires were used to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL).Results185 patients were included, median age 14.3 years (range 3.3–18.0), 50.8% were girls. Of the patients, 73.8% were white British, with a significant excess of patients living in the most deprived decile (41.4%). Median body mass index SD score was +3.55 (IQR 3.11–3.90) and median body fat was 49.3% (IQR 42.3%–55.1%). Autistic spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning difficulties were vastly over-represented.Dyslipidaemia was the most common (51.6%) complication, followed by hypertension (28.9%), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (17.8%), obstructive sleep apnoea (9.0%) and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (4.3%). Mean glycated haemoglobin was 35.0 mmol/mol (IQR 33–38). 8.1% had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many of these complications were detected through screening in CEW clinics.Both child-reported (mean 51.9/100) and parented-reported (47.8/100) HRQL scores were low. Mental health problems were common: 26.2% with anxiety and 7.7% with depression.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the significant and profound mental and organ-specific pathology resulting from severe obesity in childhood, highlighting the clinical necessity for CEW clinics. A rigorous approach to identify complications at an early stage is essential to improve long-term health outcomes.
Mixed-method Irish study exploring the role of diet in IBD based on an online questionnaire and a patient panel opinion
Authors: Hanrahan Naomi , Spillane Victoria , Moore Kevin , Dineen Mick , Murphy Aoife , Velikonja Ana , Hurley Margot , O’Keeffe Majella , Melgar Silvia 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveDiet is a risk factor in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) pathogenesis. This study aims to examine the dietary patterns and beliefs of Irish patients living with IBD through an online questionnaire and subsequent open discussions with an IBD patient collaborator panel (PCP). All data presented here are selected and presented following the PCP’s suggestions and views.DesignThis mixed-method study included an online questionnaire using a short food frequency questionnaire examining dietary patterns, dietary opinions, beliefs and behaviours (phase I). Six in-person PCP sessions were conducted, where findings from the online questionnaire, diet and lifestyle in the context of IBD were discussed in depth (phase II).ResultsThe questionnaire revealed that respondents with active IBD are associated with the consumption of high-sugar, processed and meat-based foods while reducing their consumption of high-fibre foods. Individuals with active Crohn’s disease have a decrease in overall daily energy consumption and a significant reduction in intake of fibre, non-starch polysaccharides, micronutrients [B vitamins (B1, B2, and B9), vitamin C, calcium] and trace elements (iron, zinc, copper and manganese). The PCP reported that food tolerability is limited during relapse, leading patients to prefer simple carbohydrates for energy, consistent with the dietary intake data. The PCP reported that most dietary advice was received during hospitalisation (relapse), focused on food avoidance, with little follow-up during remission. The consensus among the PCP was that factors, such as disease type, psychological aspects, dietary understanding and support, can influence peoples’ dietary choices.ConclusionIn summary, we show that dietary intake in people with IBD varies and may depend on several factors, not just the disease itself. This PCP desires more dietary information and professional support outside of hospitalisation to assist with disease management.
Association between cannabis use and brain structure and function: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Ishrat Saba , Levey Daniel F , Gelernter Joel , Ebmeier Klaus , Topiwala Anya 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood has been associated with brain harm, yet despite a rapid increase in cannabis use among older adults in the past decade, the impact on brain health in this population remains understudied.ObjectiveTo explore observational and genetic associations between cannabis use and brain structure and function.MethodsWe examined 3641 lifetime cannabis users (mean (SD) age 61.0 (7.1) years) and 12 255 controls (mean (SD) age 64.5 (7.5) years) from UK Biobank. Brain structure and functional connectivity were measured using multiple imaging-derived phenotypes. Associations with cannabis use were assessed using multiple linear regression controlling for potential confounds. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation analyses were used to investigate potential causal relationships.FindingsCannabis use was associated with multiple measures of brain structure and function. Participants with a history of cannabis use had poorer white matter integrity, as assessed by lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity in the genu of the corpus callosum, as well as weaker resting-state functional connectivity in brain regions underlying the default mode and central executive networks. Mendelian randomisation analyses found no support for causal relationships underlying associations between cannabis use and brain structure or function.ConclusionsAssociations between lifetime cannabis use and brain structure and function in later life are probably not causal in nature and might represent residual confounding.Clinical implicationsCannabis use is associated with differences in brain structure and function. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations, which do not appear to be causal.
Knowledge and acceptability of the human papillomavirus vaccine and associated factors among adolescent girls in public primary schools in Dessie Town, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Negesse Simegn Yezbalem , Wossen Samuel Alemtsehay , Gebresilasie Kelelew Rediet , Mohammed Lubaba Ahmed , Liyew Atrsaw Dessie , Abate Belay Mengistu 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the knowledge and acceptability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and the associated factors among adolescent girls in public primary schools in Dessie Town, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia in 2020.Design, participants and methodsThis was an institutional cross-sectional study conducted from 1 November to 30 November 2020 among 844 adolescent girls. A systematic random sampling method was used to select participants, who completed a pretested, self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and exported to SPSS V.25 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model identified the contributing factors to HPV vaccine knowledge and acceptance. Adjusted OR (AOR) and 95% CI computed at p<0.05 were used to assess significance levels.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes of interest were knowledge and acceptability of the HPV vaccine.ResultsThe HPV vaccine is known and acceptable to 47% and approximately 43% of the respondents, respectively. Age (AOR=3.51, 95% CI 1.62 to 7.6), father’s educational level (AOR=2.62, 95% CI 1.57 to 4.38) and parent–child communication about sex and reproductive health (AOR=1.94, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.76) were associated with knowledge of the HPV vaccine. Acceptance of the HPV vaccine was significantly influenced by fathers’ educational level (AOR=1.88, 95% CI:1.02 to 3.29), knowledge of Pap smear tests (AOR=2.54, 95% CI 1.79 to 3.62) and knowledge of the HPV vaccine (AOR=5.30, 95% CI 3.77 to 7.73).ConclusionIn this study, there was generally good and high acceptance of the HPV vaccine, respectively, compared with a study conducted in Southwest Ethiopia. The study, however, had limitations in terms of recall bias, assessment of coverage/effectiveness over time and generalisability due to the institutional sample used.
Grading carcinoembryonic antigen levels can enhance the effectiveness of prognostic stratification in patients with colorectal cancer: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Xie Hailun , Wei Lishuang , Wang Qiwen , Tang Shuangyi , Gan Jialiang 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThis study developed a refined carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) grading system using CEA cut-off points of 5, 20 and 50 ng/mL and to explore the prognostic value of CEA grading in predicting the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.Participants1107 CRC patients who received surgical treatment.Materials and methodsSurvival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. A Cox regression model with a 95% CI was used to evaluate the independent prognostic risk factors for CRC. Prognostic nomograms were constructed to predict the 1–5-year PFS/OS.ResultsElevated serum CEA levels are often indicative of recurrence and death in CRC patients. Higher CEA levels were significantly associated with more aggressive tumour phenotypes. The CEA grading system was an independent predictor of prognosis in CRC patients and effectively stratified PFS (62.0% vs 51.2% vs 33.7% vs 20.2%, p<0.001) and OS (64.7% vs 54.4% vs 36.6% vs 22.5%, p<0.001) in CRC patients. As the CEA grade increased, the risk of poor prognosis gradually increased in a gradient manner, with an approximately 10% difference in risk grade between each CEA grade. The internal validation cohort further confirmed that CEA grade remains an effective prognostic factor for the survival of CRC patients. Prognostic nomograms, which integrate individual characteristics, tumour features and CEA grading, provide a more comprehensive prognostic evaluation for CRC patients.ConclusionsThe CEA grading system is an independent predictor of prognosis for CRC patients and can effectively stratify PFS and OS.
Application of ICU electronic diary platform based on co-design concept in Chinese critically ill patients: a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Li Li , Pan Xiaoying , Tong Qingqing , Gao Huiming , Yuan You , Zhang Xia , Chen Junxi , Chang Yonghu , Zhang Tianxi , Hu Rujun 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionCritically ill patients are at a heightened risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While the intensive care unit (ICU) diary has been shown to improve the mental health and quality of life of ICU patients, the handwritten version still has some limitations such as a lack of support for multimedia content and writing by remote family members, as well as being time-consuming and labour-intensive. We hypothesise that constructing an ICU electronic diary platform based on a co-design approach and verifying its applicability could alleviate these limitations, making the ICU diary more convenient for users.Methods and analysisThis sequential exploratory mixed-methods study will consist of four consecutive phases: understanding the ICU diary research content and implementation, developing an ICU electronic diary platform after conducting qualitative interviews with stakeholders, verifying the applicability of the platform and verifying its effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (approval number: KLL-2023–602). The results of this study will be distributed through peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR2400079903).
Minimal clinically important difference for acupuncture for patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: secondary analysis from a multicentre randomised controlled trial in China
Authors: Xiao Xianjun , Cao Wei , Zou Zihao , Chen Sijue , Yang Qian , Qin Di , Xue Peiwen , Wang Lu , Xi Menghan , Li Ying , Qin Haiyan , Shi Yunzhou 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) value for acupuncture treatment in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), providing guidance for its application in CSU management.DesignSecondary analysis of data from a multicentre randomised controlled trial.SettingThree tertiary hospitals across three cities in China.Participants103 CSU patients (78.7% female) with an average age of 39.97 years.InterventionsParticipants received acupuncture treatment for 4 weeks in the original study.Outcome measuresMCID and minimal detectable change (MDC) for the Urticaria Activity Score over 7 days (UAS7) in acupuncture treatment of CSU. Convergent validity assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Responsiveness evaluated through Spearman correlation between UAS7 improvements and anchor tools (physician’s and patient’s assessments). MDC calculated using SE of measurement of changes in UAS7 scores. MCID estimated using distribution-based and anchor-based methods.ResultsThe ICC for UAS7 was 0.86. Improvements in UAS7 scores were significantly correlated with patient (r=0.44, p<0.01) and physician (r=0.85, p<0.01) assessments of CSU activity shifts. The MDC for UAS7 was 5.08. The MCID for acupuncture treatment in CSU was 8.3.ConclusionsThis study provides the first MCID value for acupuncture treatment in CSU. These findings contribute to the understanding of acupuncture’s effects in treating CSU and may inform future research and clinical practice in the management of this condition.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900022994.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of New York City Health + Hospitals HIV Heart Failure (NYC4H cohort): cohort profile
Authors: Chen Yi-Yun , Borkowski Pawel , Nazarenko Natalia , Biavati Luca , Parker Matthew , Chowdhury Ishmum , Vargas-Pena Coral , Bhakta Shivang , Garg Vibhor , Bock Joshua , Faillace Robert T , Palaiodimos Leonidas 
Published: October 2024

PurposeStudies have elucidated that heart failure (HF) in people living with HIV manifests differently when compared with HF cases in the general population. This cohort aimed to examine the mortality risk factors, including biological and social factors, as well as suitable medical interventions to prevent death in this population.ParticipantsThe New York City Health+Hospitals HIV Heart Failure (NYC4H) cohort encompassed records from 11 major hospital sites. Adult individuals with confirmed HIV and HF were recruited from either inpatient or clinic hospital visits between July 2017 and June 2022. The first follow-up period began on the date of the first clinical encounter until June 2023, and the second follow-up period extended between July 2022 and October 2023.Findings to dateIn total, 1044 patients were enrolled in the study. The cohort comprised 657 (62.9%) males and 387 (37.1%) females. The average age was 61.6 years at baseline and the average follow-up time was 3.8 years. Overall, a total of 259 (24.8%) deaths were identified, of which 193 occurred in the first follow-up period (enrolling date to June 2022) and 66 during the second follow-up period (June 2022 to October 2023). The most common comorbidities within this population were hypertension (75.3%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (39.2%), type II diabetes mellitus (40%) and hyperlipidaemia (35.7%). The most common social adversities were polysubstance use (31.13%), mental health-related issues (20.7%) and lack of family support (14.5%). 601 (57.6%) patients had encountered at least one and more than one social adversity in their lifetime.Future plansCurrently, nutritional notes from licensed dietitians and right and left heart catheterisation reports are under review. We are scheduled to complete the data collection for the comprehensive third follow-up period, which includes follow-up psychosocial evaluations, by the end of 2025. In addition, we intend to conduct annual follow-ups for specific high-risk groups, such as individuals with pulmonary hypertension, those facing higher social adversities and participants with poor HIV control.