bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review concludes that specific recommendations are needed to harmonise the provision of fresh mother's milk to their preterm infants
Authors: Picaud JC , Buffin R , Gremmo‐Feger G , Rigo J , Putet G , Casper C ,   Working group of the French Neonatal Society on fresh human milk use in preterm infants
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThere are no specific recommendations for using a mother's fresh milk for her preterm infant. We reviewed the available evidence on its collection, storage and administration.MethodsThe working group of the French Neonatal Society on fresh human milk use in preterm infants searched the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library up to June 2017 for papers published in English or French. They specifically analysed 282 papers providing information on prospective, retrospective and clinical studies and examined guidelines from various countries.ResultsThe review concluded that fresh mother's own milk should be favoured in accordance with the latest recommendations. However, it must be carried out under stringent conditions so that the expected benefits are not offset by risks related to different practices. The working group has summarised the best conditions for feeding preterm infants with human milk, balancing high nutritional and immunological quality with adequate virological and bacteriological safety. Professionals must provide parents with the necessary conditions to establish breastfeeding, together with specific and strong support.ConclusionBased on their review, the working group has made specific recommendations for using fresh mother's own milk under careful conditions, so that the expected benefits are not offset by risks related to practices.
Influence of peanut matrix on stability of allergens in gastric‐simulated digesta: 2S albumins are main contributors to the IgE reactivity of short digestion‐resistant peptides
Authors: Prodic I. , Stanic‐Vucinic D. , Apostolovic D. , Mihailovic J. , Radibratovic M. , Radosavljevic J. , Burazer L. , Milcic M. , Smiljanic K. , van Hage M. , Cirkovic Velickovic T. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundMost food allergens sensitizing via the gastrointestinal tract are stable proteins that are resistant to pepsin digestion, in particular major peanut allergens, Ara h 2 and Ara h 6. Survival of their large fragments is essential for sensitizing capacity. However, the immunoreactive proteins/peptides to which the immune system of the gastrointestinal tract is exposed during digestion of peanut proteins are unknown. Particularly, the IgE reactivity of short digestion‐resistant peptides (SDRPs; <10 kDa) released by gastric digestion under standardized and physiologically relevant in vitro conditions has not been investigated.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate and identify digestion products of major peanut allergens and in particular to examine IgE reactivity of SDRPs released by pepsin digestion of whole peanut grains.MethodsTwo‐dimensional gel‐based proteomics and shotgun peptidomics, immunoblotting with allergen‐specific antibodies from peanut‐sensitized patients, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent inhibition assay and ImmunoCAP tests, including far ultraviolet‐circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to identify and characterize peanut digesta.ResultsAra h 2 and Ara h 6 remained mostly intact, and SDRPs from Ara h 2 were more potent in inhibiting IgE binding than Ara h 1 and Ara 3. Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 exhibited sequential digestion into a series of digestion‐resistant peptides with preserved allergenic capacity. A high number of identified SDRPs from Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and Ara h 3 were part of short continuous epitope sequences and possessed substantial allergenic potential.Conclusion and Clinical RelevancePeanut grain digestion by oral and gastric phase enzymes generates mixture of products, where the major peanut allergens remain intact and their digested peptides have preserved allergenic capacity highlighting their important roles in allergic reactions to peanut.
The effects of a CCR3 inhibitor, AXP1275, on allergen‐induced airway responses in adults with mild‐to‐moderate atopic asthma
Authors: Gauvreau G. M. , FitzGerald J. M. , Boulet L. P. , Watson R. M. , Hui L. , Villineuve H. , Scime T. X. , Schlatman A. R. , Obminski C. , Kum J. , Boehme S. , Ly T. W. , Bacon K. B. , O'Byrne P. M. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBackgroundCCR3 is the cognate receptor for major human eosinophil chemoattractants from the eotaxin family of proteins that are elevated in asthma and correlate with disease severity.ObjectiveThis proof‐of‐mechanism study examined the effect of AXP1275, an oral, small‐molecule inhibitor of CCR3, on airway responses to inhaled allergen challenge.MethodsTwenty‐one subjects with mild atopic asthma and documented early and late asthmatic responses to an inhaled aeroallergen completed a randomized double‐blind cross‐over study to compare early and late allergen‐induced asthmatic responses, methacholine PC20, blood and sputum eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide after 2 weeks of treatment with once‐daily doses of AXP1275 (50 mg) or placebo.ResultsThere was a significant increase in methacholine PC20 after 12 days of AXP1275 treatment compared to placebo (increase of 0.92 doubling doses versus 0.17 doubling doses, P = .01), but this protection was lost post‐allergen challenge. There was no effect of AXP1275 on allergen‐induced late asthmatic responses, or eosinophils in blood and sputum. The early asthmatic response and exhaled nitric oxide levels were slightly lower with AXP1275, but this did not reach statistical significance. The number of subjects who experienced treatment‐emergent adverse events while receiving AXP1275 was comparable placebo.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceAXP1275 50 mg administered daily was safe and well tolerated, and there was no difference in the type, severity or frequency of treatment‐emergent adverse events in subjects while receiving AXP1275 compared to placebo. AXP1275 increased the methacholine PC20; however, the low and variable exposure to APX1275 over a short treatment period may have contributed to poor efficacy on other outcomes.
Quantity and Diversity: Simulating Early Word Learning Environments
Authors: Montag Jessica L. , Jones Michael N. , Smith Linda B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe words in children's language learning environments are strongly predictive of cognitive development and school achievement. But how do we measure language environments and do so at the scale of the many words that children hear day in, day out? The quantity and quality of words in a child's input are typically measured in terms of total amount of talk and the lexical diversity in that talk. There are disagreements in the literature whether amount or diversity is the more critical measure of the input. Here we analyze the properties of a large corpus (6.5 million words) of speech to children and simulate learning environments that differ in amount of talk per unit time, lexical diversity, and the contexts of talk. The central conclusion is that what researchers need to theoretically understand, measure, and change is not the total amount of words, or the diversity of words, but the function that relates total words to the diversity of words, and how that function changes across different contexts of talk.
Hypertension: New perspective on its definition and clinical management by bedtime therapy substantially reduces cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Hermida Ramón C. , Ayala Diana E. , Fernández José R. , Mojón Artemio , Smolensky Michael H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDiagnosis of hypertension—elevated blood pressure (BP) associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk—and its management for decades have been based primarily on single time‐of‐day office BP measurements (OBPM) assumed representative of systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) during the entire 24‐hours span. Around‐the‐clock ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), however, reveals BP undergoes 24‐hours patterning characterized in normotensives and uncomplicated hypertensives by striking morning‐time rise, 2 daytime peaks—one ~2‐3 hours after awakening and the other early evening, small midafternoon nadir and 10‐20% decline (BP dipping) in the asleep BP mean relative to the wake‐time BP mean. A growing number of outcome trials substantiate correlation between BP and target organ damage, vascular and other risks is greater for the ABPM‐derived asleep BP mean, independent and stronger predictor of CVD risk, than daytime OBPM or ABPM‐derived awake BP. Additionally, bedtime hypertension chronotherapy, that is, ingestion of ≥1 conventional hypertension medications at bedtime to achieve efficient attenuation of asleep BP, better reduces total CVD events by 61% and major events (CVD death, myocardial infarction, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke) by 67%—even in more vulnerable chronic kidney disease, diabetes and resistant hypertension patients—than customary on‐awaking therapy that targets wake‐time BP. Such findings of around‐the‐clock ABPM and bedtime hypertension outcome trials, consistently indicating greater importance of asleep BP than daytime OBPM or ambulatory awake BP, call for a new definition of true arterial hypertension plus modern approaches for its diagnosis and management.
Discriminating species of Sinipta Stål (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Uruguay based on morphological, ethological and molecular data
Authors: Clemente Eulalia , Lorier Estrellita , GarcÍa María‐Dolores , López‐lópez Alejandro , Presa Juan‐José 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo species of the genus Sinipta, S. dalmani and S. hectorisperonii, exist in Uruguay, the latter reported here for the first time. Both species have quite similar morphological features and can only be distinguished by slight details, which have led to misidentifications in the past. Specimens from both taxa were studied in order to detect suitable characters to distinguish them and to clarify their taxonomic status, by integrating previously unstudied morphological, biological and molecular characteristics. Detailed structures of the stridulatory file of both sexes were studied and described for the first time, and the sounds produced by both species were studied and described on the basis of recordings made in captivity with an analog recorder. The signal was digitized and analyzed using Avisoft software. Three different types of sound were described for both species: calling song, courtship song and disturbance song. Oscillograms and frequency spectra were provided, and the physical characteristics of the sounds of interest for species identification were established. Finally, molecular studies showed that the two taxa are reciprocally monophyletic groups. The combined results of the analyses suggest that the two studied taxa are distinct species, and point to features suitable for their identification.
Risk of pharmacokinetic interactions between antiepileptic and other drugs in older persons and factors associated with risk
Authors: Faught Edward , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Richman Joshua , Funkhouser Ellen , Martin Roy C. , Piper Kendra , Dai Chen , Juarez Lucia , Pisu Maria 
Published: February 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo determine the frequency of older Americans with epilepsy receiving concomitant prescriptions for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and non‐epilepsy drugs (NEDs) which could result in significant pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction, and to assess the contributions of racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and demographic factors.MethodsRetrospective analyses of 2008‐2010 Medicare claims for a 5% random sample of beneficiaries ≥67 years old in 2009 augmented for minority representation. Prevalent cases had ≥1 ICD‐9 345.x or ≥2 ICD‐9 780.3x, and ≥1 AED. Among them, incident cases had no seizure/epilepsy claim codes nor AEDs in preceding 365 days. Drug claims for AEDs, and for the 50 most common NEDs within +/− 60 days of the index epilepsy date were tabulated. Interacting pairs of AEDs/NEDs were identified by literature review. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors affecting the likelihood of interaction risk.ResultsInteracting drug pairs affecting NED efficacy were found in 24.5% of incident, 39% of prevalent cases. Combinations affecting AED efficacy were found in 20.4% of incident, 29.3% of prevalent cases. Factors predicting higher interaction risk included having ≥ 1 comorbidity, being eligible for Part D low Income Subsidy, and not living in the northeastern US. Protective factors were Asian race/ethnicity, and treatment by a neurologist.SignificanceA substantial portion of older epilepsy patients received NED‐AED combinations that could cause important PK interactions. The lower frequency among incident vs. prevalent cases may reflect changes in prescribing practices. Avoidance of interacting AEDs is feasible for most persons because of the availability of newer drugs.
Expanding Boundaries: Current and New Directions in Study Abroad Research and Practice
Authors: Marijuan Silvia , Sanz Cristina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn spite of advances in the understanding of the effects of the immersion experience on language and cultural development in the last three decades, many questions in study abroad (SA) research remain unanswered. The present article offers a close examination of the field as it is today with an eye toward future trends and gaps in the literature. The authors discuss how the field is being reshaped in response to the preponderant role of new technologies in research and educational practices; to constant challenges to diversify access for minority students, including heritage language learners; and to meeting the growing demands of a globalized economy and workforce. Current trends in SA program design such as the incorporation of service‐learning, volunteering, and internships into the SA curriculum are also given special consideration. The article focuses on language development first and then on the factors influencing that development that are internal and external to learners. Interfaces between these areas are addressed. Subsections of the article provide an outline of an innovative SA research agenda as well as suggestions for rethinking SA program design and implementation.
A Survey of Neurologists on Postconcussion Syndrome
Authors: Evans Randolph W. , Ghosh Kamalika 
Published: February 2018

Background and ObjectivesPostconcussion syndrome (PCS) has been controversial for more than 150 years. As there have not been any surveys of PCS among neurologists in the United States since 1992, another was performed using most of the prior items to assess current opinions and practices and whether there have been any changes since 1992.MethodsTwo hundred and eighty‐nine neurologists attending the Texas Neurological Society 20th Annual Winter Conference continuing medical education meeting in 2017 were supplied the survey instrument with registration materials. The 25 item instrument (including 7 new items) contained items on demographics, definitions, causation, prognosis, medicolegal aspects, testing, and treatment. Forty percent of attendees completed the survey.ResultsThe majority of respondents agree with the following: PCS is a clearly defined syndrome with a solid basis for determining prognosis with an organic basis; accept the authenticity of patients' reports of symptoms; effective treatment is available for headaches lasting 3 months or more; headaches persist in over 20% 1 year after injury; and cognitive rehabilitation is effective. The majority of the respondents do not agree with the following: symptoms improve in a relatively short period of time and quickly resolve once litigation is settled; effective treatment is available for PCS; and return to play guidelines are strongly evidence based. 68.4% disagree with the following: I would support my son or grandson (or if you do not have one, relative's or friend's) playing football. [Correction added on February 9, 2018, after first online publication: “One year after injury” deleted.]ConclusionsThere has been growing acceptance of the organicity of PCS among neurologists in the last 25 years. There is significant concern over the long‐term sequelae of concussion as most respondents would not recommend that their son or grandson play football.
Untimely illness: When diagnosis does not match age‐related expectations
Authors: Kirkpatrick Susan , Locock Louise , Farre Albert , Ryan Sara , Salisbury Helen , McDonagh Janet E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe explore the concept of “untimely diagnosis,” where the onset of a long‐term condition occurs at a life stage which does not conform to traditional expectations, focusing on two conditions (asthma and arthritis) typically associated with a particular life stage (childhood and older adulthood, respectively). Previous literature has focused on the meaning of chronic illness in terms of life history, and the biographical lens has been used in various ways to make sense of the experience. Less attention has been paid to the condition onset when it seems dissonant with chronological age.MethodsSecondary analysis of two qualitative data sets (total 58 interviews) exploring the experiences of people with adult‐onset asthma and young people diagnosed with arthritis. Data from the original interview transcripts relating to diagnosis and symptom recognition were re‐analysed using a “candidacy” framework to examine how age and diagnosis intersect.ResultsPeople did not always assert their candidacy for either condition because of pre‐conceived expectations around age. Similarly, health professionals sometimes failed to recognize patients’ candidacy, instead pursuing “age‐plausible” possibilities. In some cases, participants were proactive in suggesting a diagnosis to the health professional where diagnosis was delayed.ConclusionThe diagnosis of adult‐onset asthma, and arthritis in young people, may be regarded as “untimely.” We suggest that being diagnosed with what is perceived to be a “childhood” condition in adulthood, or “an older person's” condition in childhood, may be viewed as a “biographical paradox” and an “untimely breach” to the expected order.
High density of M2‐macrophages in acral lentiginous melanoma compared to superficial spreading melanoma
Authors: Zúñiga‐Castillo Miguel , Pereira Naiura V , Sotto Mirian N 
Published: February 2018

AimsAcral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the most common type of melanoma in people with darker skin phototypes. There is some evidence that the aetiology, pathogenesis, risk factors and natural history of ALM differ from those of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM). ALM behaves more aggressively than SSM, but the biological explanation for these differences remains unknown. The presence of one subtype of macrophages, termed M2‐macrophage (M2‐M), has been found to be related to local progression, metastasis and poor prognosis in several neoplasms. The aim of this study was to compare the density of M2‐Ms in ALMs versus SSMs, and to examine whether or not the density of M2‐Ms is associated with histopathological features predictive of adverse prognosis in cutaneous melanoma (CM), as well as development of metastasis.Methods and resultsSixty‐seven ALMs and 67 SSMs cases were analysed. The tumours were classified according to thickness, ulceration, mitosis and metastasis. M2‐M quantity was evaluated using immunohistochemistry with anti‐CD163 and anti‐CD206 antibodies. M2‐Ms were increased in ALM compared with SSM, and were related to the histopathological features predictive of adverse prognosis in CM, such as thickness > 1.0 mm, ulceration and mitotic activity, and the development of metastasis.ConclusionsOur study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate the increased presence of M2‐Ms in ALM compared with SSM. Our findings suggest that the increased M2‐Ms in ALM are associated with the main histopathological features predictive of adverse prognosis in CM, as well as the presence of metastasis, and that these cells can be related to the aggressive behaviour seen in ALMs.
Behavioural intervention to reduce resistance in those attending adult day care centres: PROCENDIAS study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rodriguez‐Sánchez Emiliano , Tamayo‐Morales Olaya , González‐Sanchez Jesús , Mora‐Simón Sara , Losada‐Baltar Andrés , Unzueta‐Arce Jaime , Patino‐Alonso María C. , De Dios‐Rodríguez Elena , Gómez‐Marcos Manuel A , García‐Ortiz Luis 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThis study evaluates the effectiveness of a behavioural intervention programme aimed at reducing the reluctance of dependent people to attend Adult Day Care Centres. We hope that reducing resistance will have a positive influence on the mental health of caregivers.BackgroundCare centres offer important relief and rest services for family caregivers. Some caregivers report being affected by behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia when they prepare dependents for the Care Centres, especially when these have dementia. Caregivers often report the need for information about how to manage the behaviour of the sick. Nurses in community healthcare units can investigate cases of patients who present resistance when attending care centres and can promote the use of interventions aimed at reducing this problem.DesignRandomised controlled clinical trial.MethodsThe reference population will be care centre users in Salamanca (Spain) to select 120 family members responsible for the preparation and transfer of the care‐recipient. Each participant will be randomised to an intervention group or control group (standard care). A baseline assessment and 6 months follow‐up assessment will be performed (study approved in September 2016).InterventionThe intervention group will consist of 8 sessions, one per week, each lasting 90 min. Each session will be run by a psychologist trained in behaviour analysis and will be tailored to the specific behavioural problems reported by the caregivers.DiscussionThe results of a previously published pilot study allow us to be optimistic about the possibilities of a brief intervention.