bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The novel PEI-modified biochars and their application for the efficient elimination of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Lv Zhimin , Yang Shimin , Liu Yan , Zhou Jin , Xing Lingbao , Chen Lei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this study, the polyethyleneimine (PEI) was grafted onto the biochars from chestnut shells and nori via the cross-linking reaction. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transferred infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the PEI was successfully grafted on the surface of biochars. The PEI modified and pristine biochars were used as adsorbents to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions as a function of pH, ionic strength, contact time and initial concentrations of Cr(VI) through batch technique. The strongly pH-dependent and ionic strength-independent of Cr(VI) sorption indicated that the sorption was mainly dominated by electrostatic interaction and inner-sphere surface complexation. The maximum sorption capacities of PEI modified chestnut shell and nori biochars were 141.42 and 222.84 mg/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of pristine biochars. The PEI grafted onto the biochars significantly enhanced Cr(VI) sorption capacity because PEI, which contains volumes of amine/imine groups, provided an excellent platform for Cr(VI) ions removal. In addition, the sorption–desorption experimental results indicated that the PEI modified biochars possessed a stable and recyclable performance. All these results manifested that the PEI modified biochars could be applied as environmentally friendly and efficient adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater.
Cribriform Plate, Crista Galli, Olfactory Fossa and Septal Deviation
Authors: Şahan Mehmet Hamdi , Inal Mikail , Muluk Nuray Bayar , Şimşek Gökçe 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: In the present study, we investigated the relationship between olfactory
fossa, cribriform plate, crista galli and nasal Septal Deviation (SD). Keros classification of olfactory
fossa was also performed.

Methods:
This study was performed retrospectively. Computerized Tomography (CT) images of
200 adult subjects were observed. Unilateral nasal Septal Deviation (SD) cases were included into
the study. On coronal CT scans, SD side and location, SD angle, cribriform plate width, olfactory
fossa depth (Keros classification) and width, area of the olfactory fossa, crista galli length, width
and pneumatization were evaluated.

Results:
Anterior and anteroposterior deviations were detected mainly. In females, 64.0% and in
males, 45.3% of the SDs were located anteriorly. In males, anteroposterior SDs (40.0%) were detected
more than females. In anteroposterior SDs, SD angle was higher than anterior SDs. With
higher SD angle, crista galli width and height decreased. Cribriform plate width, olfactory fossa
height, width and area values of contralateral side were significantly higher than those of the ipsilateral
side. For Keros classification, in male group, type 1 (53.3%) and in females, type 2 (57.6%)
was detected at ipsilateral side. For contralateral side, type 2 Keros was detected in both genders.
Complete crista galli pneumatization was observed in 4.0% and partial pneumatization was detected
in 12.0%. In 84% of the patients, there is no Crista galli pneumatization. With the presence
of pneumatized crista galli, contralateral Keros values decreased. Crista galli height and contralateral
olfactory fossa width showed positive correlation. In older patients, cribriform plate width decreased.

Conclusion:
In our study, there was no Keros type 3 olfactory fossa. In males’ contralateral side
of SD; and in females both ipsilateral and contralateral side of SD, Keros type 2 olfactory fossa
were detected. Therefore, during sinus surgery, surgeons should work carefully not to made intracranial
penetration.
Radioprotective Effects of Amifostine, L-Carnitine and Vitamin E in Preventing Early Salivary Gland Injury due to Radioactive Iodine Treatment
Authors: Torun Nese , Muratli Asli , Serim Burcu Dirlik , Ergulen Alev , Altun Gulay Durmus 
Published: March 2018

<P>Objective: Standard treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer includes total thyroidectomy
and high-dose Radioactive Iodine Therapy (RIT) for ablation of remnant thyroid tissue.
When administered systemically, RIT can cause radiation-induced damage in non-targeted normal
tissues. The aim of the present study was to compare the protective effects of amifostine (AMI), LCarnitine
(LC), and Vitamin E (EVIT) against high dose radioactive iodine treatment induced Salivary
Gland (SG) damage using SG scintigraphy and histopathological examination.

Methods:
Forty adult guinea pigs were studied. Twenty guinea pigs receive 555-660 MBq
131Iodine intraperitoneally (IP) to ablate the thyroid and impair the parenchymal function of the
SGs. The animals were divided into eight groups as follows: (1) Group 1 (control): 1 mL IP PS
(physiological saline); (2) Group 2: single dose of 200 mg/kg IP AMI one hour prior to 1 mL IP
PS; (3) Group 3: 200 mg/kg IP LC and 1 mL IP PS for 10 days; (4) Group 4: 40 mg/kg intramuscular
(IM) EVITand 1 mL IP PS for 10 days; (5) Group 5: IP RIT after premedication; (6) Group 6:
Single dose of 200 mg/kg IP AMI one hour prior to RIT and IP RIT after premedication; (7) Group
7: IP RIT after premedication and 200 mg/kg IP LC for 10 days starting one day before RIT; and
(8) Group 8: IP RIT after premedication and 40 mg/kg IM EVIT for 10 days starting one day before
RIT. Scintigraphy was performed 1 month after treatment. SGs were examined by light microscopy
and a histopathological scoring system was used to assess the degree of SG damage.

Results:
There were significant differences in the body weight and thyroid hormone levels between
the groups after treatment.

Conclusion:
The individual use of AMI, LC and EVIT for radioprotection yield different levels of
protection against radioactive iodine treatment injury in SGs; however, none of the agents could
provide absolute protection at the doses administered in this experimental model.</P>
Development and Validation of a Pre-Column Derivatization HPLC Method for the Assay of Amikacin Sulfate in Pure and Parenteral Dos age Forms
Authors: Usmani Muneeba , Ahmed Sofia , Ali Sheraz Muhammad , Ahmad Iqbal 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Amikacin sulfate (AMK) belongs to the class of aminoglycoside antibiotics. It
is effective against the infections caused by Gram-negative and positive bacteria. AMK lacks a chromophore
group in its structure and, therefore, it does not absorb light in the 200-800 nm region which
makes it a difficult molecule to analyze by UV detector using high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC).

Objective:
This study has been carried out to develop and validate a relatively simple, accurate, precise,
rapid, economical, and stability-indicating pre-column derivatization HPLC method for the determination
of AMK in pure and parenteral dosage forms.

Methods:
The stock solution of AMK was derivatized prior to its analysis. The mobile phase used for
the analysis was acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 50:50 (v/v) at pH 6.0. The method has been validated
according to the guideline of International Council for Harmonization (ICH) and different parameters
such as linearity, range, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, robustness, solution stability, specificity
and system suitability have been studied. AMK was subjected to stress degradation studies including
thermolysis, humidity exposure, acid-base hydrolysis, and oxidation in order to determine the specificity
of the test method.

Results:
The retention time of AMK has been found to be 4.7 min. The results indicated that the method
is linear in the concentration range of 12.5-125% and possesses high accuracy (99.88±0.42%), precision
((<1.2%) and robustness (<0.5%). The obtained results are compared statistically with a reference
method.

Conclusion:
It was observed that the stress degradation studies do not affect the accuracy of the
method. Hence the proposed method can be used for the assay of AMK and its parenteral dosage form.
Simultaneous Determination of Six Components in Jingzhiguanxin Tablet by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Jiang Hui , Fu Lianhao , Wang Yu , Wang Shaozhi , Zhang Xiaoxu , Zhang Xijie , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: March 2018

Background:Jingzhiguanxin (JZGX) tablet, a traditional Chinese prescription, is commonly used for treating coronary heart disease and angina pectoris in the clinic. There are six active components (Danshensu (DSS), Protocatechuic aldehyde (PD), Paeoniflorin (PF), Ferulic acid (FA), Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and Tanshinone IIA (TA)) in JZGX tablet. </P><P> Objective: In this paper, a simple and reliable method was used for simultaneous determining the six active components by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD).Methods:These six active components were separated on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 mmx4.6 mm, 5 µm) at 30 °C. Acetonitrile (A), methanol (B) and 0.5% H3PO4 aqueous solution (C) were used as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL/min and the detection wavelengths were set at 280 nm for DSS, PD and Sal B, 230 nm for PF, 320 nm for FA and 270 nm for TA, respectively.Results:All of the six components showed good linearity regressions (r2≥0.9997) in the detected concentration range. The recovery rates and coefficient of variation (CV) for all analytes were 98.66%- 100.18% and 0.75%-1.89%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to simultaneously determine the six components in JZGX tablet from different batches and manufacturers.Conclusion:The validated method can be used in routine quality control analysis of JZGX tablet without any interference.
68Ga-labeled HBED-CC Variant of uPAR Targeting Peptide AE105 Compared with 68Ga-NODAGA-AE105
Authors: Vats Kusum , Sharma Rohit , Sarma Haladhar D. , Satpati Drishty , Dash Ashutosh 
Published: March 2018

Aims: The urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptors (uPAR) over-expressed on tumor cells and
their invasive microenvironment are clinically significant molecular targets for cancer research. uPARexpressing
cancerous lesions can be suitably identified and their progression can be monitored with radiolabeled
uPAR targeted imaging probes. Hence this study aimed at preparing and evaluating two 68Ga-labeled AE105
peptide conjugates, 68Ga-NODAGA-AE105 and 68Ga-HBED-CC-AE105 as uPAR PET-probes.

Method:
The peptide conjugates, HBED-CC-AE105-NH2 and NODAGA-AE105-NH2 were manually synthesized
by standard Fmoc solid phase strategy and subsequently radiolabeled with 68Ga eluted from a commercial
68Ge/68Ga generator. In vitro cell studies for the two radiotracers were performed with uPAR positive U87MG
cells. Biodistribution studies were carried out in mouse xenografts with the subcutaneously induced U87MG
tumor.

Results:
The two radiotracers, 68Ga-NODAGA-AE105 and 68Ga-HBED-CC-AE105 that were prepared in >95%
radiochemical yield and >96% radiochemical purity, exhibited excellent in vitro stability. In vivo evaluation
studies revealed higher uptake of 68Ga-HBED-CC-AE105 in U87MG tumor as compared to 68Ga-NODAGAAE105;
however, increased lipophilicity of 68Ga-HBED-CC-AE105 resulted in slower clearance from blood and
other non-target organs. The uPAR specificity of the two radiotracers was ascertained by significant (p<0.05)
reduction in the tumor uptake with a co-injected blocking dose of unlabeled AE-105 peptide.

Conclusion:
Amongst the two radiotracers studied, the neutral 68Ga-NODAGA-AE105 with more hydrophilic
chelator exhibited faster clearance from non-target organs. The conjugation of HBED-CC chelator (less hydrophilic)
resulted in negatively charged 68Ga-HBED-CC-AE105 which was observed to have high retention in
blood that decreased target to non-target ratios.
Single-chain Fv Antibodies for Targeting Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Chia Kin Yen , Ng Khuen Yen , Koh Rhun Yian , Chye Soi Moi 
Published: March 2018

Background & Objective:
Protein misfolding and aggregation have been considered the
common pathological hallmarks for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s
disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). These abnormal proteins aggregates
damage mitochondria and induce oxidative stress, resulting in neuronal cell death. Prolonged
neuronal damage activates microglia and astrocytes, development of inflammation reaction and further
promotes neurodegeneration. Thus, elimination of abnormal protein aggregates without eliciting any
adverse effects are the main treatment strategies. To overcome this, recent studies have deployed single-
chain fragment variable antibodies (scFvs) to target the pathological protein aggregates, such as
amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, α-synuclein (α-syn) and Huntingtin (Htt). To date scFv has been effective
at inhibiting abnormal protein aggregates formation in both in vitro and in vivo model system of AD,
PD and HD.

Conclusion:
Currently active research is still ongoing to improve the scFv gene delivery technology,
to further enhance brain penetration, intracellular stability, solubility and efficacy of scFv intrabody.
Physiological and Morphological Principles Underpinning Recruitment of the Cerebellar Reserve
Authors: Kakei Shinji , Ishikawa Takahiro , Lee Jongho , Honda Takeru , Hoffman Donna S. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
In order to optimize outcomes of novel therapies for cerebellar ataxias (CAs),
it is desirable to start these therapies while declined functions are restorable: i.e. while the so-called
cerebellar reserve remains.

Objective:
In this mini-review, we tried to define and discuss the cerebellar reserve from physiological
and morphological points of view.

Method:
The cerebellar neuron circuitry is designed to generate spatiotemporally organized outputs, regardless
of the region. Therefore, the cerebellar reserve may be defined as a mechanism to restore its
proper input-output organization of the cerebellar neuron circuitry, when it is damaged. Then, the following
four components are essential for recruitment of the cerebellar reserve: operational local neuron circuitry;
proper combination of mossy fiber inputs to be integrated; climbing fiber inputs to instruct favorable
reorganization of the integration; deep cerebellar nuclei to generate reorganized outputs.

Results:
We discussed three topics related to these resources, 1) principles of generating organized
cerebellar outputs, 2) redundant mossy fiber inputs to the cerebellum, 3) plasticity of the cerebellar
neuron circuitry.

Conclusion:
To make most of the cerebellar reserve, it is desirable to start any intervention as early as
possible when the cerebellar cell loss is minimal or even negligible. Therefore, an ideal future therapy
for degenerative cerebellar diseases should start before consuming the cerebellar reserve at all. In the
meantime, our real challenge is to establish a reliable method to identify the decrease in the cerebellar
reserve as early as possible.
Oil’s Rural Reach: Social Licence in Saskatchewan’s Oil-Producing Communities
Authors: Eaton Emily Marie , Enoch Simon 
Published: March 2018

Background This article investigates the unusually robust social licence that the oil industry enjoys in Saskatchewan, where rural oil-producing communities exhibit what Thomson and Boutilier characterize as “psychological identification” with industry. Analysis The authors explore what this psychological identification looks like on the ground by examining the corporate social responsibility practices of the oil industry. They probe the beliefs and perceptions of variously positioned individuals living in oil-producing communities through 25 interviews. Conclusion and implications The research findings point to the need to understand social licence as much more than only the practice of garnering consent for local operations. Rather, the intense identification with industry in the communities studied clearly favoured the reproduction of industry discourses for understanding a wide array of energy issues.
In the Corporate Interest: Fossil Fuel Industry Input into Alberta and British Columbia’s Climate Leadership Plans
Authors: Blue Gwendolyn , Rajewicz Lise , Daub Shannon , Yunker Zoë 
Published: March 2018

Background This article examines the narrative strategies used by fossil fuel industries in responding to and shaping Alberta and BC’s climate leadership plans.Analysis This article makes inferences about fossil fuel industry influence by examining submissions of industry players to both regions’ public consultation processes.Conclusions and implications Key themes include: a need to take a leadership stance, a balance between environmental protection and economic growth, an appeal to protect industry competitiveness, and an emphasis on demand-side policies. These themes align with a policy discourse of weak ecological modernization and are central to advisory panel recommendations and subsequent subnational climate policies that facilitate market expansion and increased oil and gas production at a time when strong greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts are urgently required.
Energy’s Citizens: The Making of a Canadian Petro-Public
Authors: Wood Tim 
Published: March 2018

Background Canada’s fossil fuel industry has recently put citizen outreach at the centre of its political strategy. This is manifest in a public outreach campaign known as Canada’s Energy Citizens (CEC), undertaken by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP).Analysis This article uses interviews with CEC organizers and members to demonstrate how participation subsidies are used to enlist members. While much scholarly literature assumes corporate grassroots campaigns will hide the use of professional public relations labour and industry ties, findings show instead that CEC foreground its members’ professional backgrounds and connections to the oil sector. Conclusions and implications Transparency does ideological work in the campaign, framing pro-oil advocacy as a licit social aim, and public relations labour as a normative model of citizen political participation.Contexte L’industrie des combustibles fossiles au Canada a récemment centré sa stratégie politique sur la sensibilisation des citoyens. Par exemple, l’Association canadienne des producteurs pétroliers (ACPP) a mené une campagne de sensibilisation publique du nom de « Canada’s Energy Citizens » (CEC).Analyse Cet article a recours à des entrevues avec des organisateurs et membres de CEC afin de démontrer dans quelle mesure cette campagne de sensibilisation utilise des subventions de participation afin de recruter ses membres. Plusieurs recherches savantes font la supposition que les campagnes locales menées par les entreprises ont tendance à cacher leurs liens avec l’industrie et leur recours aux services de relations publiques, mais les données de cette étude démontrent que CEC, au contraire, affiche les liens professionnels de ses membres au secteur pétrolier.Conclusions et implications Cette transparence sert la campagne d’un point de vue idéologique, présentant l’appui à l’industrie pétrolière comme un objectif social légitime, et les relations publiques comme moyen d’encourager l’engagement politique des citoyens.
Framing the Pipeline Problem: Civic Claimsmakers and Social Media
Authors: Bakardjieva Maria , Felt Mylynn , Teruelle Rhon 
Published: March 2018

Background This article responds to the need for additional research into the role that social media play in the debate on energy transition in Canada.Analysis Based on a qualitative case study of the most recent protests against the Kinder Morgan pipeline project, this article raises questions concerning the strengths and weaknesses of the contemporary communication opportunity structure for “claimsmaking” (as Joel Best defines it in Social Problems) and achieving public resonance by the civic grassroots in Canada.Conclusions and implications This article investigates the ways in which social media have become a site for framing collective action by pipeline opponents. It documents how citizens and civic organizations combine online and offline tools and tactics to take part in the shaping of public understanding of pipeline projects in Canada and in the influencing of energy policy and decision-making.Contexte Cet article répond au besoin de recherches additionnelles sur le rôle joué par les médias sociaux dans le débat sur la transition énergétique au Canada.Analyse Cet article se base sur une étude de cas qualitative sur les manifestations les plus récentes contre le projet de pipeline Kinder Morgan afin de relever les forces et faiblesses de la structure d’opportunités communicationnelles contemporaines pour la formulation de demandes (telle que définie par Joel Best dans Social Problems) et la conscientisation du public par les mouvements populaires au Canada.Conclusions et implications Cet article explore les manières dont les médias sociaux sont devenus un site important pour déterminer l’action collective que les opposants aux pipelines peuvent mener. Il documente comment les citoyens et les organismes civiques combinent des outils et tactiques en ligne et hors ligne afin d’influencer la perception publique à l’égard de projets de pipeline au Canada ainsi que les politiques et la prise de décisions sur l’énergie en général.This article responds to the need for additional research into the role that social media play in the debate on energy transition in Canada. Based on a qualitative case study of the most recent protests against the Kinder Morgan pipeline project, we raise questions concerning the strengths and weaknesses of the contemporary communication opportunity structure forclaimsmaking and achieving public resonance by the civic grassroots in Canada. We investigate the ways in which social media have become a site for framing collective action by pipeline opponents. We document how citizens and civic organizations combine online and offline tools and tactics to take part in the shaping of public understanding of pipeline projects in Canada and to influence energy policy and decision-making.