bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Surface Engineering of BiVO4 Photoanodes for Improved Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Shan , Shi Zhijian , Du Kunrong , Ren Zhizhen , Feng Haifeng , Wang Jiaou , Wang Liang , Cui Dandan , Du Yi , Hao Weichang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSurface engineering of BiVO4 photoanodes is effective and feasible for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. To achieve superior PEC performance, however, more than one surface engineering method is usually indispensable, for which a positive synergistic effect is vital and thus highly desired. Herein, it is reported that the incorporation of borate moieties into ultrathin p‐type NiOx catalysts can induce the reconfiguration of surface catalytic sites to form new highly active species, in addition to enhanced fast charge separation and transfer. The photocurrent density of BiVO4 photoanodes is enhanced from 1.49 to 5.76 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM 1.5G illumination, which is achieved by successive modifications of NiOx and borate moieties. It is found that BO3 groups anchored to Ni atoms by replacing the surface hydroxyl sites of NiOx catalysts not only increase the relative ratio of Ni3+ species to facilitate charge transfer but also provide efficient active sites for H2O molecule adsorption and oxidation reactions. This work demonstrates the positive synergistic effect of these two surface engineering methods and provides an effective pathway to construct highly efficient and stable photoanodes for PEC water splitting.
Colorimetric Fabry‐Pérot Sensor with Hetero‐Structured Dielectric for Humidity Monitoring
Authors: Li Zhihuan , Tian Lejie , Wu Wei , Feng Li , Khaniyev Bakyt , Mukhametkarimov Yerzhan , Ibraimov Margulan , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin , Liu Jianxi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA full‐color colorimetric humidity sensor with high brightness is proposed by using a hetero‐structured dielectric film in a metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) resonator. A humidity‐responsive polymer is designed to graft on top of a metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) thin film (MOFs‐Polymer) as insulator layer in the resonator. Programmable tuning of reflected color is achieved by controlling the polymer thicknesses, and finite difference time domain simulation of light‐matter interactions at subwavelength scales proves the dependence of the reflected wavelength on dielectric layer thickness of the resonator. Vivid full‐color changing is realized during tracking humidity process due to swelling of the stimuli‐responsive polymer. Ultrafast response (≈0.75 s) is achieved for tracking trace H2O from H2O/methanol mixture, which is ≈104 faster than that of the pure polymer‐based MIM resonator. Meanwhile, the study observes significant spectral redshift because the porous MOFs film facilitates the preconcentration of external stimulus and improves the detection sensitivity of the resonator. Further, double‐channel anti‐counterfeiting multiplexing imaging is devised on the MIM resonator by photomask technology. Patterned encoding for security label is achieved on the MIM resonator by engineering humidity‐tunable pixels of Au/MOFs‐Polymer/Au and humidity‐invalid pixels of Au/MOFs/Au.
Diversity of limb long bone morphology among proboscideans: how to be the biggest one in the family
Authors: Bader Camille , Delapré Arnaud , Göhlich Ursula B. , Houssaye Alexandra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFrom its first small representatives to its later giant species, the Order Proboscidea evolved increasingly large forms. Limb long bones are heavily affected by shifts in body mass, and this is especially true in proboscideans, in which an increase in body mass is associated with a reorientation of the limb into the parasagittal plane, reducing the need for strong musculature. We investigated shape variation in the six long bones elements of the limb of extant and extinct proboscideans with regard to body mass evolution in this lineage. To do so, we used three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics and qualitative comparisons to describe shape variability. Our analysis indicates that the shift from a flexed posture to a columnar one results in reorientations of articular surfaces in the six bones, and a decrease in robustness, thus reducing bending stresses on the bones. We also identify two main morphotypes among graviportal proboscideans: one (MA) corresponding to bones with a thin diaphysis and narrow epiphyses, as in deinotheres and elephantids, and the other (MB) to bones with a large diaphysis and wide epiphyses, seen in gomphotheres and mammutids. Both morphotypes are observed in species of similar mass, indicating that adaptation to high body weight support has been achieved in two different ways among proboscideans, and that once acquired, it remains fixed within the taxon.
An unexpected late paroxyclaenid (Mammalia, Cimolesta) out of Europe: dental evidence from the Oligocene of the Bugti Hills, Pakistan
Authors: Solé Floréal , Baqri Syed Rafiqul Hassan , Iqbal Nayyer , Roohi Ghazala , Benammi Mouloud , Crochet Jean‐Yves , De Franceschi Dario , Antoine Pierre‐Olivier , Marandat Bernard , Métais Grégoire , Marivaux Laurent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEight isolated mammal molars were discovered in lower Oligocene deposits of the Bugti Hills, Pakistan (Paali Nala, DB‐C2; lower Chitarwata Formation). Because of their unusual morphology, these molars have long remained enigmatic. Extensive comparisons with fossil eutherian and metatherian mammals and the recent description of new paroxyclaenids (Mammalia, Cimolesta) from the lower Eocene (Ypresian) of Europe have highlighted the plausible affinities of these teeth from the Oligocene of Pakistan and suggest a referral to Paroxyclaenidae. The dental morphology of this taxon is singular among Paroxyclaenidae, and as such it allows us to propose here a new species and a new genus: Welcommoides gurki. The occurrence of a paroxyclaenid in the Oligocene of Pakistan remains somewhat unexpected inasmuch as these mammals have so far been known only from the Eocene of Europe. At c. 4.2 kg, W. gurki is the largest paroxyclaenid ever discovered, and is assigned to the subfamily Merialinae, which became extinct in Europe around the Ypresian–Lutetian transition, long before the occurrence of this new taxon from Pakistan. Welcommoides has a suite of unusual characters compared with merialines, suggesting that this South Asian lineage had diverged for some time from its European Ypresian counterparts. Such a hypothesis is supported by the faunal similarities between European and Indian subcontinent faunas during the Ypresian. Moreover, our discovery strengthens support for the hypothesis that low latitudes of South Asia were a tropical refugium, at least during the first steps of the global climatic deterioration started at the Eocene–Oligocene transition.
LPSRUA–MIoT: Lightweight and Provable Secure Remote User Authentication Scheme for Multi‐Gateway Computing Framework in Internet of Things
Authors: Das Priyanka , Ray Sangram , Sadhukhan Dipanwita , Dasgupta Mou , Das Ashok Kumar , Govil Mahesh Chandra 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTInternet of Things (IoT) has evolved into a new era of information and communication technology where several day‐to‐day usable physical objects have been interconnected to form an intelligent ad‐hoc network that is deployed into various hostile environments to monitor, gather and process the surveillance data. However, there is a huge potential gap between communication in traditional wired network and wireless IoT network. IoT network is susceptible to several security threats due to their distributed and decentralized architecture, open nature of communication channel, dynamic nodal infrastructure, high possibilities of malicious penetrations, and so forth. In this scenario, a secure, efficient, and lightweight remote user authentication and key agreement scheme can play a significant role to mitigate the above‐mentioned issues and to provide well‐protected communication between the communicating entities in the IoT environment. Therefore in this paper, we have proposed a provable secure, robust and lightweight biometric‐enabled mutual authentication scheme for a multi‐gateway IoT environment using an irreversible hash function and fuzzy extractor. To support our claim, we have formally verified our scheme using the broadly accepted Random Oracle Model (ROM) and further simulated using the widely used AVISPA simulation tool. Additionally, the performance analysis in terms of computation and communication overheads of the proposed scheme is compared with other existing relevant authentication schemes that clearly shows that the proposed protocol maintains an acceptable efficiency security trade‐off for implementation in real‐life scenarios.
Sustainability of column‐supported slabs for buildings: A multi‐criteria assessment
Authors: Monserrat‐López Andrea , Josa Irene , Aidarov Stanislav , Pujadas Pablo , de la Fuente Albert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe global construction industry is experiencing significant growth, driving the demand for building floor area. However, this expansion comes with substantial environmental consequences, including high‐energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, together with economic and social impacts. To address these challenges, this research aims at providing designers and decisions‐makers with an approach that will aid the quantification of those impacts relevant for the sustainability performance of flooring systems. A holistic sustainability assessment was performed considering economic, environmental, and social aspects using the Integrated Value Model for Sustainability Evaluations. This study focused on various flooring typologies, including reinforced concrete (RC) and fiber‐RC (FRC) slabs with solid and waffle (for RC solution) configurations. The most representative criteria and indicators of sustainability for concrete column‐supported slabs were identified, measured, and weighted—aggregated in a decision‐making tree—in order to obtain a representative a sustainability index (SI) for each alternative. The results of the analysis evidence that the RC solid slab has a higher overall SI than the other alternatives, the FRC alternatives performing with similar SI of that quantified for the RC solid slab solution and the RC waffle slab being that with the lower sustainability performance among those flooring systems considered in this study. The results of a sensitivity analysis showed that those alternatives using FRC have potential for improving the overall sustainability performance.
Effects of Attached Afterbody Shapes on Wind Forces on Rectangular Tall Buildings
Authors: Li Mao‐Jie , Li Qiu‐Sheng , Li Yong‐Gui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe knowledge of aerodynamic forces has important implications for the wind‐resistant design of tall buildings. At present, the aerodynamic characteristics of conventional rectangular‐shaped tall buildings have been extensively studied, while those of irregular‐shaped tall buildings have received relatively less attention. Therefore, in the current study, several tall building models are designed to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of a rectangular tall building with and without attaching different shapes of afterbody. The influences of the afterbody shapes (i.e., semicircle, rectangle, and triangle attached to a rectangular tall building called the basic model in this paper), atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flows, and models' aspect ratios on the aerodynamic forces are analyzed and discussed in detail based on wind tunnel test of pressure measurements on the models. It is shown that the attached afterbodies can significantly increase the local fluctuating lift coefficients and base fluctuating moment coefficients comparing to those of the basic model. Moreover, a larger aspect ratio causes the increase of local fluctuating lift coefficients and base fluctuating moment coefficients of the basic model attached with rectangular afterbody in suburban terrain. On the other hand, the above increases are strongly attenuated or even suppressed by the ABL flow over urban terrain. The results of this study are expected to provide useful information for the wind‐resistant design of irregular‐shaped tall buildings.
Intragastric botulinum toxin‐A injection: A novel approach to successfully manage feline obesity as an alternative technique to conventional treatment
Authors: Antakyalioglu Burak , Ozturan Yalcin Alper , Parlatir Yasin , Akin Ibrahim , Ural Kerem 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFeline obesity, a global concern, poses health risks and affects the well‐being of cats. This case report explores an innovative treatment for feline obesity using intragastric botulinum toxin‐A injections in a cat that did not respond favourably to conventional methods. A 3‐year‐old, tabby cat, weighing 8.480 kg, exhibited excessive appetite and lameness, with a body condition score of 9. Despite a year of conventional management and dietary supplements, no significant improvement was observed, and an alternative technique to conventional treatment was performed. Under anaesthesia and gastroscopic guidance, 24 units of botulinum toxin‐A were injected subserosally into the antrum. Six months after intervention, the cat's weight reduced to 4.220 kg, with a body condition score of 5, indicating excellent health. The present approach may offer an alternative to traditional obesity management, but further research is required to assess its full potential.
Application‐Based Review of Soft Computational Methods to Enhance Industrial Practices Abetted by the Patent Landscape Analysis
Authors: Tamilselvan S. , Dhanalakshmi G. , Balaji D. , Rajeshkumar L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSoft computing is a collective methodology that touches all engineering and technology fields owing to its easiness in solving various problems while comparing the conventional methods. Many analytical methods are taken over by this soft computing technique and resolve it accurately and the soft computing has given a paradigm shift. The flexibility in soft computing results in swift knowledge acquisition processing and the information supply renders versatile and affordable technological system. Besides, the accuracy with which the soft computing technique predicts the parameters has transformed the industrial productivity to a whole new level. The interest of this article focuses on versatile applications of SC methods to forecast the technological changes which intend to reorient the progress of various industries, and this is ascertained by a patent landscape analysis. The patent landscape revealed the players who are in the segment consistently and this also provides how this field moves on in the future and who could be a dominant country for a specific technology. Alongside, the accuracy of the soft computing method for a particular practice has also been mentioned indicating the feasibility of the technique. The novel part of this article lies in patent landscape analysis compared with the other data while the other part is the discussion of application of computational techniques to various industrial practices. The progress of various engineering applications integrating them with the patent landscape analysis must be envisaged for a better understanding of the future of all these applications resulting in an improved productivity.
Exploring Serum Ferritin's Connection to the Acute Phase Response in Zoo‐Managed African Rhinoceroses
Authors: Rispoli Louisa A. , Wojtusik Jessye , Roth Terri L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDespite serum ferritin's potential as an iron status indicator, its concentrations vary significantly throughout a black rhinoceros's (Diceros bicornis) life, sometimes irrespective of iron load. We explored acute phase response‐related biomarkers, serum amyloid A (SAA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp), to better understand the mechanisms influencing serum ferritin changes in managed black rhinoceroses. The objective was to evaluate the relationships between circulating levels of ferritin, SAA, and Cp in black and white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum). We analyzed banked serum samples collected serially from 11 black (n = 222) and 7 white (n = 134), rhinoceroses (rhinos) and classified samples based on SAA values: clinically healthy (< 1 mg/L), subclinical (1–7 mg/L), or clinically abnormal (> 7 mg/L). In black rhinos, serum ferritin was not different between health status categories (p = 0.5292), nor was it correlated with SAA (p = 0.4164). However, Cp activity was significantly lower in clinically healthy sera (p < 0.0001) and had a moderate positive association with SAA (r = 0.477, p < 0.0001). Among the white rhino samples, only five had SAA values greater than 1 mg/L, limiting the assessment of ferritin and Cp activity in the health context. Minor, yet significant, relationships were observed between serum ferritin and Cp activity, negative in black rhinos (r = −0.206; p = 0.0022) and positive in white rhinos (r = 0.289, p = 0.0008). Cp activity may aid in diagnosing illness in black and white rhinos, based on values observed in sera collected near the time of death. However, acute inflammatory processes do not appear to be one of the primary drivers of the high ferritin concentrations detected in some black rhinos.
Systemic Potential Aspects of CBDCs
Authors: Ghymers Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCentral Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) appear as a necessary step for preserving monetary sovereignty and seizing the benefits of digitalization for the efficiency of payments and financial inclusion. Their blockchain technology permits significantly faster, safer, cheaper payments than cash or bank accounts, particularly for cross-border payments. They will probably affect bank profitability, increasing competition for funding them and they will also increase the effects of interest rate adjustments on the economy (higher efficiency of monetary policy). But, more importantly, CBDCs carry the necessary potential to shake up the status quo of the international monetary system thanks to their technological properties. Basically, CBDCs eradicate the difference between domestic and cross-border transactions, eliminating the intermediary costs, risks (credit and liquidity risks), and delays required by the traditional cross-border payments. Moreover, they might act as a systemic “game-changer” by triggering two mutually supportive developments: (i) a strong increase in currency substitution implying higher exchange-rate volatility and (ii) a fast-growing demand for digital SDRs that will become costless by bundling and unbundling their five CBDCs components, therefore providing the most competitive safe asset and the best vehicle for the Forex and “repo” transactions. This e-SDR could become the missing tool for stabilizing global liquidity and emerge as a multilateral reserve currency, which would upgrade the IMF into a global Lender-of-Last-Resort. The IMF could issue or withdraw e-SDRs for stabilizing global liquidity, and the costly Triffin Dilemma could be efficiently solved.
Consumer Protection and Financial Innovation: Microeconomic, Policy, and Behavioral Considerations for the Digital Era
Authors: Barkas Panagiotis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the digital era, financial innovation has transformed the financial services landscape, providing greater accessibility and convenience for consumers. Yet, the comparative advantages it presents and the facilities it has recently offered to firms and investors do not always come at a low cost, particularly in the form of externalities. These costs may appear while consumers use financial innovations or services that may engender predatory lending practices, the misuse of complex financial products, or other consumer threats. At the same time, governments and international bodies have introduced various investor protection measures, such as consumer disclosures, consumer education programs, and stricter regulatory oversight. While financial innovation has brought about great opportunities for international portfolio allocation and risk diversification, the contagion and regulatory shortcomings render the international regulatory cooperation imperative. The chapter closes by examining the way that future regulatory frameworks should ensure their relevance by embedding more behavioral components in the analysis of digital and other financial innovations when endeavoring to align efficiency and growth targets with consumer protection.
Fighting Crime and Preserving Democracy in Latin America
Authors: Breda Tiziano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis academic article examines the expansion of Nayib Bukele’s popular crackdown on gangs throughout Latin America and its potential risks to democratic setbacks. While Bukele’s approach has garnered widespread attention for its effectiveness in reducing gang-related violence, questions arise regarding its implications for democracy. This article evaluates whether Bukele’s tactics have been an electoral game changer in the region by analysing the experiences of Latin American countries, particularly focusing on the 2023 elections where candidates proposing similar anti-gang strategies have not ascended to the presidency. Through a comprehensive examination of these cases, we elucidate the complex interplay between anti-gang policies, democratic stability, and electoral outcomes in Latin America.
Revisiting the Democratic Foundations of European Integration During the Permacrisis
Authors: Katsikas Dimitris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe European Union (EU) has experienced several shocks in recent years. During this time, its performance as crisis manager was not consistent; in some cases, like the Eurocrisis and the refugee crisis, its handling cannot be considered successful, while in others, like the pandemic and, up to a point, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, EU’s performance was undoubtedly better. Given the EU’s inconsistent performance across different crisis episodes, we employ Easton’s diffuse support concept, to gauge the impact of permacrisis, as an extended period of stress and insecurity, on citizens’ support for European integration. We use Eurobarometer data on different aspects of public attitudes vis-à-vis the EU during the last 15 years. The findings show that overall, the EU seems to have benefited in terms of popular support, strengthening thereby its democratic legitimacy. On the other hand, the share of people who state that they do not trust the EU or that they are dissatisfied with the way democracy works in the EU has also risen over time. In other words, we observe a bifurcation of citizens’ attitudes, whereby both positive and negative answers have risen. This outcome is consistent with the idea that the EU has become more politicized during a period marked by successive crises.
Introduction and Background
Authors: Nuttall William J. , Powell Joseph B. , Anaya-Stucchi Karim L. , Bakenne Adetokunboh T. , Wilson Andy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe origins of the book are introduced. The book derives from a knowledge exchange set of meetings primarily between industrial experts and academics. The chapter introduces the principal issues around hydrogen as an energy carrier. In particular its potential role in a low carbon energy system is described. The concept of the ‘rainbow colours of hydrogen’ is introduced and key colours of hydrogen denoting various production methods are explained.
Innovations to Watch
Authors: Nuttall William J. , Powell Joseph B. , Anaya-Stucchi Karim L. , Bakenne Adetokunboh T. , Wilson Andy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces a set of ideas that go beyond those presented in chapter 3. The chapter gives voice to independent experts, sometimes in collaboration with book authors to explore emerging concepts. The ideas presented have the potential to shape the future trajectory of the hydrogen industry. The key concepts include: geological hydrogen, hydrogen and nuclear energy, methane pyrolysis, hydrogen cryomagnetics, and hydrogen for aviation.