bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new map of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) genetic population structure in the western Atlantic Ocean: Hypothesis of an equatorial convergence centre
Authors: Carmo Camila B. , Ferrette Bruno L.S. , Camargo Sâmia M. , Roxo Fábio F. , Coelho Rui , Garla Ricardo C. , Oliveira Claudio , Piercy Andrew N. , Bornatowski Hugo , Foresti Fausto , Burgess George H. , Mendonça Fernando F. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is a common widespread coastal–pelagic shark species whose population genetic structure has only recently been the object of genetic studies.
In this study, the tiger's shark mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced for a sample of 172 individuals from the western Atlantic and from Australia's east coast in the Pacific Ocean.
The results show a moderate variation in genetic diversity (h = 0.615 ± 0.038, π = 0.00184 ± 0.00021) with a strong population structure between Atlantic areas (ΦST = 0.28141, P = 0.00001).
The maternal lineage has high site fidelity, which paradoxically is coupled with connectivity across open ocean stretches to Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, which is identified as an important hotspot for this species. These results help with the understanding of what drives the displacement of this shark, at intra‐ and/or inter‐ocean basins levels, and can help inform the implementation of future conservation and management measures.
We recommend that the conservation of genetic diversity should be maintained at a global level and its maintenance should be pursued diligently in all populations of tiger shark. As the Fernando de Noronha region in the western Atlantic appears to contain the largest global genetic diversity of the species, this area should be treated as a marine reserve or ecological refuge for the tiger shark.
Self‐Assembly of Spherical Organic Molecules to Form Hollow Vesicular Structures in Water for Encapsulation of an Anticancer Drug and Its Release
Authors: Sarkar Koushik , Ahmed Sabir , Dastidar Parthasarathi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeveloping hierarchical supramolecular structures is important for better understanding of various biological functions and possibly generating new materials for biomedical applications. Herein, we report the first examples of functional vesicles derived from cationic spherical organic molecules (C1‐C3) which were readily synthesized by reacting a C3‐symmetric tris‐benzimmidazole derivative (possessing a 1,3,5‐ethyl substituted aromatic core) with 1,3,5‐substituted tris‐bromomethyl benzene derivatives. Vesicle formation by C1‐C3 was probed by high‐resolution microscopy (TEM and AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence microscopic imaging of calcein‐loaded vesicles. One of the vesicles [Vesicle(C3)] displayed the ability to load the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The drug was subsequently released from DOX@Vesicle(C3) in a stimuli‐responsive manner in presence of the well‐known vesicle destroyer Triton X‐100, as revealed by in vitro cell migration assay carried out on a highly aggressive human breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231).
A Twist‐Assisted Biphenyl Photosensitizer Passable Through Glucose Channel
Authors: Tsuga Yuki , Katou Masataka , Kuwabara Satoshi , Kanamori Takashi , Ogura Shun‐ichiro , Okazaki Shigetoshi , Ohtani Hiroyuki , Yuasa Hideya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile the development of low‐molecular‐weight drugs is saturating, agents for photodynamic therapies (PDTs) may become alternative seeds in pharmaceutical industry. Among them, orally administrative, cancer‐selective, and side effect‐free photosensitizers (PSs) that can be activated by tissue‐penetrative near‐infrared (NIR) lights are strongly demanded. We discovered such a PS from scratch by focusing on a twist‐assisted spin‐orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (ISC) mechanism in a biphenyl derivative, which was demonstrated by thorough photophysical studies. The unique ISC mechanism enables the PS to be small and slim so as to pass through glucose transporters and exert a PDT effect selectively on a cancer cell line. The smallness will allow for oral administration and fast clearance, which have been agenda of approved PSs with larger molecular weights. We also demonstrated that our PS was able to be activated with an NIR pulse laser through two‐photon excitation.
Wärmeübertragung in Eisspeichern und Energiegewinne aus dem Erdreich
Authors: Goeke Johannes 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDie Speicherung von Energie ist in der Wärmeversorgung von Gebäuden ein lange bekanntes Prinzip zur Sicherstellung optimaler Effizienz und bei der Einbeziehung erneuerbarer Energie eine Notwendigkeit. Eine neue Form des Eisspeichers als erdvergrabenes Wasserreservoir ist in den letzten Jahren vermehrt zum Einsatz gekommen. Da in vielen Fällen Unklarheit über die möglichen Energieflüsse bei der Beladung und bei der Entladung herrschen, sollen hier die Wärmeübertragungsbedingungen des Entzugswärmeübertragers im Eispeicher und die Wärmegewinne aus dem Erdreich diskutiert werden.
Tumor mutation burden and recurrent tumors in hereditary lung cancer
Authors: Hsu Yi‐Chiung , Chang Ya‐Hsuan , Chang Gee‐Chen , Ho Bing‐Ching , Yuan Shin‐Sheng , Li Yu‐Cheng , Zeng Jhih‐Wun , Yu Sung‐Liang , Li Ker‐Chau , Yang Pan‐Chyr , Chen Hsuan‐Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and cancer relapse accounts for the majority of cancer mortality. The mechanism is still unknown, especially in hereditary lung cancer without known actionable mutations. To identify genetic alternations involved in hereditary lung cancer and relapse is urgently needed. We collected genetic materials from a unique hereditary lung cancer patient's blood, first cancer tissue (T1), adjacent normal tissue (N1), relapse cancer tissue (T2), and adjacent normal tissue (N2) for whole genome sequencing. We identified specific mutations in T1 and T2, and attributed them to tumorigenesis and recurrence. These tumor specific variants were enriched in antigen presentation pathway. In addition, a lung adenocarcinoma cohort from the TCGA dataset was used to confirm our findings. Patients with high mutation burdens in tumor specific genes had decreased relapse‐free survival (P = 0.017, n = 186). Our study may provide important insight for designing immunotherapeutic treatment for hereditary lung cancer.
Phase Modulating of Cu–Ni Nanowires Enables Active and Stable Electrocatalysts for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Tong Wu , Shao Qi , Wang Pengtang , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe design and development of non‐noble metal alternatives with superior performance and promising long‐term stability that is comparable or even better than those of noble‐metal‐based catalysts is a significant challenge. Here, we report the thermal‐induced phase engineering of non‐noble‐metal‐based nanowires with superior electrochemical activity and stability for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) under alkaline conditions. The optimized Cu–Ni nanowires deliver an unprecedented mass activity of 425 mA mg−1, which is 4.3 times higher than that of the untreated one. Detailed catalytic investigations show that the enhanced performance is due to the large active area, the increased number of active sites (NiOOH), and fast methanol electrooxidation kinetics. In addition, the generated hollow feature in the nanowires provides a unique void space to release the volume expansion, where the activity can be maintained for 5 h without a distinct activity decay. The present work emphasizes the importance of precisely phase modulating of nanomaterials for the design of non‐noble metal electrocatalysts towards the MOR, which opens up a new pathway for the design of cost‐effective electrocatalysts with promising activity and long‐term stability.
Catalytic C−H/C−F Coupling of Azoles and Acyl Fluorides
Authors: Ogiwara Yohei , Iino Yurika , Sakai Norio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA method for the palladium/copper‐catalyzed direct acylation of azoles with acyl fluorides is described. This study reports the first examples of acyl fluorides being used as acylation reagents in transition‐metal‐catalyzed aromatic C−H bond functionalization reactions. Depending on the reaction temperature, decarbonylative coupling may also occur. Mechanistic studies suggest that the cleavage of the aromatic C−H bond, promoted by a copper‐phosphine species, is not the rate‐limiting step of this acylation.
Microbial fuel cell–based self‐powered biosensor for environment monitoring in IoT cloud framework
Authors: Saravanakumar K. , Rajeswari R. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryRenewable energy sources are useful for sustainable monitoring, but still very limited today due to various implementation constraints. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are considered a promising renewable power source for remote monitoring applications. They are used as wireless temperature sensors and biosensors due to their ability in powering environmental sensors. MFCs can provide ultralow and dynamic power, and hence, energy improvement is crucial for self‐powered biosensors. Cloud computing–based IoT framework is proposed for environment monitoring using MFC‐based biosensors. This paper presents the electric energy harvesting from Oryza Sativa plants with bacteria as the catalyst. It adopts the technology of MFC in the plants to extract the maximum energy. An effective power management with IoT cloud framework is presented in this work to independently operate multiple MFCs to generate maximum power. Independently operated MFCs with electrically isolated electrodes have been utilized in the design of a suitable power management system. Cloud computing is utilized in this work to process the data generated in continuous monitoring of environment. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can achieve sustainable power for sensor nodes and achieves maximum performance in environment monitoring using cloud‐based IoT platform.
Formal modeling and verification of cloud‐based web service composition
Authors: Raza Kazmi Syed Asad , Qasim Awais , Khalid Adnan , Assad Ruttaba , Shahbaz Muhammad 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWeb service composition is a key technology to resolve cross‐organizational business process integration, and it faces many constraints and requirements as unexpected bugs can cause shutdown of the software. A high degree of reliability is expected from such systems, and formal modeling of web service composition is an active area of research. In this work, we propose a new approach for the formal modeling of diverse web service composition. Our approach verifies the terminate property on all possible runs of the system to ensure deadlock‐free workings. For a verification of the properties of interest, we use the NuSMV model checker and specify the properties in CTL*. The approach can be used to verify the soundness property of diverse web service composition to ensure live and deadlock‐free web services.
Phosphorus alleviation of salinity stress: effects of saltwater intrusion on an Everglades freshwater peat marsh
Authors: Wilson Benjamin J. , Servais Shelby , Charles Sean P. , Mazzei Viviana , Gaiser Evelyn E. , Kominoski John S. , Richards Jennifer H. , Troxler Tiffany G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSaltwater intrusion and salinization of coastal wetlands around the world are becoming a pressing issue due to sea level rise. Here, we assessed how a freshwater coastal wetland ecosystem responds to saltwater intrusion. In wetland mesocosms, we continuously exposed Cladium jamaicense Crantz (sawgrass) plants and their peat soil collected from a freshwater marsh to two factors associated with saltwater intrusion in karstic ecosystems: elevated loading of salinity and phosphorus (P) inputs. We took repeated measures using a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design (n = 6) with treatments composed of elevated salinity (~9 ppt), P loading (14.66 μmol P/d), or a combination of both. We measured changes in water physicochemistry, ecosystem productivity, and plant biomass change over two years to assess monthly and two‐year responses to saltwater intrusion. In the short‐term, plants exhibited positive growth responses with simulated saltwater intrusion (salinity + P), driven by increased P availability. Despite relatively high salinity levels for a freshwater marsh (~9 ppt), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), and aboveground biomass were significantly higher in the elevated salinity + P treated monoliths compared to the freshwater controls. Salinity stress became evident after extended exposure. Although still higher than freshwater controls, GEP and NEP were significantly lower in the elevated salinity + P treatment than the +P treatment after two years. However, elevated salinity decreased live root biomass regardless of whether P was added. Our results suggest that saltwater intrusion into karstic freshwater wetlands may initially act as a subsidy by stimulating aboveground primary productivity of marsh plants. However, chronic exposure to elevated salinity results in plant stress, negatively impacting belowground peat soil structure and stability through a reduction in plant roots.
Prediction of Writing True Scores in Automated Scoring of Essays by Best Linear Predictors and Penalized Best Linear Predictors
Authors: Yao Lili , Haberman Shelby J. , Zhang Mo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany assessments of writing proficiency that aid in making high‐stakes decisions consist of several essay tasks evaluated by a combination of human holistic scores and computer‐generated scores for essay features such as the rate of grammatical errors per word. Under typical conditions, a summary writing score is provided by a linear combination of the holistic scores and the feature scores. The best linear predictor (BLP) is used to approximate the true composite writing score by a linear combination of holistic scores and scores of essay features. However, because the relationship between computer‐generated feature score and human scores may depend on subgroup membership and the same scoring rules must normally be applied to all test takers, Yao, Haberman, and Zhang proposed a modified methodology of the penalized best linear predictor (PBLP) by incorporating a quadratic penalty function into the conventional BLP method. This research report contains full accounts of the BLP results as well as supplementary PBLP results to Yao et al. for three assessments of writing that aid in making high‐stakes decisions: the TOEFL iBT® Writing test, the GRE® General Analytical Writing subject test, and the Praxis® Core Academic Skills for Educators: Writing assessment. Results obtained indicate the added value in using machine features for prediction of composite true scores of essay writings and effectiveness of the penalty function in suppressing the lack of population invariance.
Evaluation of Thymus vulgaris and Thymbra spicata essential oils and plant extracts for chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Gedikoğlu Ayça , Sökmen Münevver , Çivit Ayşe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this study were (a) to obtain the essential oils (by hydrodistillation [HD] and microwave‐assisted extraction [MAE] methods) to determine the effect of the oil extraction method on the chemical composition, oil yield (%), free radical scavenging activity (IC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value, and antimicrobial properties of Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Thymbra spicata (zahter); and (b) to determine the effect of different solvents (methanol [80%] and ethanol [80%]) on extraction by means of the phenolic acid composition, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, IC50, and FRAP value of thyme and zahter. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that the amount of thymol (55.35%; 50.53%) and p‐cymene (11.2%; 11.79%) was found to be highest in thyme, when using HD and MAE, respectively. However, the highest amounts of carvacrol (68.20%; 66.91%) and γ‐terpinene (13.25%; 13.94%) were found in zahter, when using HD and MAE, respectively. Thyme essential oil had higher antioxidant capacity for both HD and MAE in comparison with zahter essential oil. Methanol extracts of both thyme and zahter had higher phenolic composition in comparison with their ethanol extracts. Extracts of both plants did not show any antimicrobial properties. However, essential oils of both thyme and zahter showed antimicrobial activity against chosen bacteria. Highest inhibition zone (radius) was shown against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 by the essential oils.
Progress in developing decellularized bioscaffolds for enhancing skin construction
Authors: Cui Haomin , Chai Yimin , Yu Yaling 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe skin is the largest organ in the human body, and skin defects are very common. Skin flap transplantation is the best treatment for serious wound defects, and donor site tissues are always sacrificed during this process. Decellularized biomaterials, derived mainly from various nonautologous organs and tissues, have promising applications in tissue engineering and repair of wound defects. To date, decellularized mesothelium, intestine, amniotic membrane, dermis, and skin flaps have been developed and applied for skin coverage in animal models and clinical practice. In this review, we discuss recent advances in decellularized biomaterials for skin substitutes and future perspectives. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1849–1859, 2019.
Producing hybrid nanofiber‐based on /PAN/Fe3O4/zeolite/nettle plant extract/urease and a deformed coaxial natural polymer to reduce toxicity materials in the blood of dialysis patients
Authors: Bahramimehr Faranak , Esmaeili Akbar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOn incidence of kidney failure, the concentration of urea increases and there is need for patients to visit the hospital all through the week for blood purification. However, current hemodialysis has been found to reduce only 66‐75% urea in the blood of patients. The main goal of this article is to observe the effect of biocompatible and high mechanical hemodiafiltration in reducing urea and creatinine within the shortest time frame, using two methods of Nano electrospinning fiber (hybrid and coaxial). Hybrid electrospinning was made by zeolite 940‐HOA(beta), Fe3O4, polyacrylonitrile as well as the addition of nettle plant's leaf extract. Dispersing solution and enzymes were added to two different syringes and was used in making hybrid nanofibers by the electrospinning process. Nessler's Reagent adsorption method was used for measuring the concentration of ammonia after urease enzyme activation. Second coaxial filter was made by the core‐shell electrospinning system and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) as well as polyurethane (PU) were utilized. The data show hybrid hemodiafiltration with enzyme coating, decomposed urea and enzymes were activated for two days after electrospinning. The core‐shell filtration can also reduce creatinine. Core‐shell CAP‐PU nanofiber was previously used for intravaginal drug delivery and PU was used as an artificial renal microfluidic chip. Thus, our study focused on using CAP‐PU to reduce creatinine in dialysis patients. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1736–1743, 2019.
Foreign Direct Investment, Political Business Cycles and Welfare in Africa
Authors: Agbloyor Elikplimi Komla 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe examine the relation between foreign direct investment (FDI), elections and welfare in Africa using data from 1990 to 2014. Our results show evidence that elections play a positive role in altering the relationship between FDI and welfare as they are considered by investors as risk reduction events. Interestingly, when we split the sample based on the quality of institutions, we find that the interaction between FDI and elections is mostly insignificant in countries with strong institutions. However, the interaction between FDI and elections is positive and significant in countries with weak institutions. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone development and remodeling in metabolic disorders
Authors: Serra‐Vinardell Jenny , Roca‐Ayats Neus , De‐Ugarte Laura , Vilageliu Lluïsa , Balcells Susanna , Grinberg Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere are many metabolic disorders that present with bone phenotypes. In some cases, the pathological bone symptoms are the main features of the disease whereas in others they are a secondary characteristic. In general, the generation of the bone problems in these disorders is not well understood and the therapeutic options for them are scarce. Bone development occurs in the early stages of embryonic development where the bone formation, or osteogenesis, takes place. This osteogenesis can be produced through the direct transformation of the pre‐existing mesenchymal cells into bone tissue (intramembranous ossification) or by the replacement of the cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification). In contrast, bone remodeling takes place during the bone's growth, after the bone development, and continues throughout the whole life. The remodeling involves the removal of mineralized bone by osteoclasts followed by the formation of bone matrix by the osteoblasts, which subsequently becomes mineralized. In some metabolic diseases, bone pathological features are associated with bone development problems but in others they are associated with bone remodeling. Here, we describe three examples of impaired bone development or remodeling in metabolic diseases, including work by others and the results from our research. In particular, we will focus on hereditary multiple exostosis (or osteochondromatosis), Gaucher disease, and the susceptibility to atypical femoral fracture in patients treated with bisphosphonates for several years.
One‐Step Route to Ladder‐Type C–N Linked Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Ren Xiaojie , Zhang Hailei , Song Meining , Cheng Cong , Zhao Hongchi , Wu Yonggang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA one‐step synthetic method is demonstrated to construct ladder‐type conjugated polymers without the resource to post‐cyclization procedures. The ladder‐type C–N linked conjugated polymers (P1 and P2) and model compounds (1 and 2) are achieved in high yields. The obtained model compounds and polymers display desirable solubility in commonly used solvents and high thermal stability, which show a promising application in photoelectric material field.
Design and Synthesis of a Facile Solution‐Processing and Ultrastable Crosslinkable Branched Nitroxide Polymer
Authors: Qin Herong , Liu Xiu , Huang Jianbing , Liang Hui , Zhang Zishou , Lu Jiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA general critical challenge for nitroxide polymers being used as cathode materials is keeping the good solubility during the processing and good solvent resistance during charging and discharging. To address this issue, herein, a new photo‐crosslinkable branched nitroxide polymer is designed and synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidyl methacrylate, cinnamoyl ethyl methacrylate, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, followed by oxidation using 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The as‐synthesized polymer can dissolve in ethyl alcohol with environmental‐friendly processing, and then can easily change into crosslinked polymer with highly resistance to organic electrolyte after UV irradiation. The crosslinked nitroxide polymer‐based cathode achieves remarkable cycle stability with a capacity retention of 90% over 1000 charge–discharge cycles at 10 C current rate, superior to that of the un‐crosslinked one with capacity retention of 65% over 1000 cycles.