bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Applying Vulcanization/Inverse Vulcanization Methods to Achieve High‐Performance Sulfur‐Containing Polymer Cathode Materials for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Zhao Fulai , Li Yu , Feng Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have great prospects as next‐generation energy storage devices because of their high energy density, inexpensive raw materials, and low pollution. However, the development of Li–S batteries is currently restricted by the shuttle effect that occurs during the charge–discharge process. Sulfur‐containing polymers are attractive for use as Li–S battery cathode materials to alleviate the shuttle effect through chemical bonds as well as physical confinement. Moreover, polymers have numerous different molecular structures and definable functional groups. A suitable monomer design can result in a final sulfur‐containing polymer possessing favorable properties such as ion and electron conductivity, high sulfur content, appropriate viscosity, processability, and controllable morphology. These characteristics are of great benefit for use in Li–S battery cathodes to achieve high capacity and stable discharge at high rates. This review summarizes recent developments in sulfur‐containing polymer cathode materials. Focusing on polymers prepared by the facile and low‐cost vulcanization/inverse vulcanization methods and the polymer‐based composites, the chemical structures and electrochemical mechanisms are clarified, and the relationship between their structures and performances is discussed comprehensively. It is expected that more polymer electrode materials with high performance will emerge in the coming years.
The size‐dependent apoptotic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on endothelial cells by the intracellular pathway
Authors: Zeng Can , Feng Yuqin , Wang Wuxiang , Zhou Furong , Liao Fen , Liu Yuanfeng , Feng Shaolong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConcerns over the health risk of the widely distributed, commonly used titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐TiO2) are increasing worldwide. Yet, up‐to‐now, our understanding in their potential effects on the cardiovascular system is very limited and the toxicological mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, the CCK‐8 assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of four sizes (10, 30, 50, and 100 nm) of anatase nano‐TiO2 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture, and the flow cytometry was employed to investigate the potential of these nano‐TiO2 to induce the apoptosis of HUVECs. The apoptotic pathway was also probed through the determination of the protein expression and activation of p53, Bax, Bcl‐2, caspases‐9, ‐7, ‐3, and PARP by western blot. The results showed that at the administrative levels (1, 5, 25 μg/mL), all the four sizes of nano‐TiO2 could significantly inhibit the viability of HUVECs and elicit significant apoptosis in them, compared with the negative control (P < .05, P < .01). Moreover, the apoptotic rates of HUVECs were increased respectively with the elevating levels and decreasing sizes of the administrative nano‐TiO2, showing a clear dose‐ and size‐dependent effect relationships. Interestingly, the increasing phosphorylation of p53, decreasing ratio of Bcl‐2/Bax, and enhancing activation of the downstream proteins caspase‐9, ‐7, ‐3, and PARP, were also observed with the decreasing sizes of the administrative nano‐TiO2 in the western blot, indicating that the intracellular approach of apoptosis, the p53‐caspase pathway, is the major way of the nano‐TiO2‐mediated apoptosis in HUVECs in culture and that the size is an important parameter that may determine the potential of nano‐TiO2 to induce cellular response. In conclusion, these results suggested that high levels of nano‐TiO2 exposure may pose potential risks to human cardiovascular health by inducing cardiovascular EC apoptosis.
Perinatal mortality, timing of delivery and prenatal management of monoamniotic twin pregnancy: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: D'Antonio F. , Odibo A. , Berghella V. , Khalil A. , Hack K. , Saccone G. , Prefumo F. , Buca D. , Liberati M. , Pagani G. , Acharya G. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo quantify the rate of perinatal mortality in monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twin pregnancies, according to gestational age, and to ascertain the incidence of mortality in pregnancies managed as inpatients compared with those managed as outpatients.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched for studies on monoamniotic twin pregnancy. The primary outcomes explored were the incidence of intrauterine death (IUD), neonatal death (NND) and perinatal death (PND) in MCMA twins at different gestational‐age windows (24–30, 31–32, 33–34, 35–36 and ≥ 37 weeks of gestation). The secondary outcomes were the incidence of IUD, NND and PND in MCMA twins according to the type of fetal monitoring (inpatient vs outpatient), and the incidence of delivery ahead of schedule. Random‐effects model meta‐analyses were used to analyze the data.ResultsTwenty‐five studies (1628 non‐anomalous twins reaching 24 weeks of gestation) were included. Single and double intrauterine deaths occurred in 2.5% (95% CI, 1.8–3.3%) and 3.8% (95% CI, 2.5–5.3%) of cases, respectively. IUD occurred in 4.3% (95% CI, 2.8–6.2%) of twins at 24–30 weeks, in 1.0% (95% CI, 0.6–1.7%) at 31–32 weeks and in 2.2% (95% CI, 0.9–3.9%) at 33–34 weeks of gestation, while there was no case of IUD, either single or double, from 35 weeks of gestation. In MCMA twin pregnancies managed mainly as inpatients, the incidence of IUD was 3.0% (95% CI, 1.4–5.2%), while the corresponding figure for those managed mainly as outpatients was 7.4% (95% CI, 4.4–11.1%). Finally, 37.8% (95% CI, 28.0–48.2%) of MCMA pregnancies were delivered before the scheduled time, due mainly to spontaneous preterm labor or abnormal cardiotocographic findings.ConclusionsMCMA twins are at high risk of perinatal loss during the third trimester of pregnancy, with the large majority of such losses occurring as apparently unexpected events. Inpatient management seems to be associated with a lower rate of mortality, although further studies are needed in order to establish the appropriate type and timing of prenatal assessment in these pregnancies. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Towards non‐invasive in vivo characterization of the pathophysiological state and mechanical wall strength of the individual human AAA wall based on 4D ultrasound measurements
Authors: Wittek Andreas , Derwich Wojciech , Fritzen Claus‐Peter , Schmitz‐Rixen Thomas , Blase Christopher 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a degenerative disease of the aorta with high associated mortality. Currently, there is a lack of in vivo information, which allows to characterise the individual aneurysmal wall with regard to wall strength or rupture risk. We have used 4D ultrasound strain imaging to compute the spatially resolved distribution of the in‐plane strain tensor and of the local distensibility in three patient groups (young, < 40 y. o.; elderly, > 60 y. o.; AAA). Mean and local maximum deformation and distensibility as well as indices for the local variations of the strain and the distensibility distribution were determined. Mean distensibility is significantly decreasing from young (3.83 [2.83, 5.87] 10−3 mmHg−1) to elderly (0.67 [0.39, 0.87] 10−3 mmHg−1) and AAA (0.27 [0.20, 0.54] 10−3 mmHg−1). Both indices characterising the heterogeneous elastic behaviour are significantly increasing from young through elderly to AAA. Linear dependency of some of the distensibility distribution indices on age and aortic diameter was observed in the young and elderly group. In contrast, none of the indices depended on age or maximum diameter in the AAA group. We hypothesize that the heterogeneous distensibility distribution is indicative of microstructural changes in the aortic and aneurysmal wall and might contribute to a more complete and informative pathophysiological characterisation of the AAA wall, either with respect to wall strength or rupture risk. To confirm this hypothesis, further studies will be necessary in which the correlation between the proposed indices and individual wall strength and rupture risk is tested.
Adhesive wear and particle emission: Numerical approach based on asperity-free formulation of Rabinowicz criterion
Authors: Popov Valentin L. , Pohrt Roman 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn 1953 Archard formulated his general law of wear stating that the amount of worn material is proportional to the normal force and the sliding distance, and is inversely proportional to the hardness of the material. Five years later in 1958, Rabinowicz suggested a criterion determining the minimum size of wear particles. Both concepts became very popular due to their simplicity and robustness, but did not give thorough explanation of the mechanisms involved. It wasn’t until almost 60 years later in 2016 that Aghababaei, Warner and Molinari (AWM) used quasi-molecular simulations to confirm the Rabinowicz criterion. One of the central quantities remained the “asperity size”. Because real surfaces have roughness on many length scales, this size is often ill-defined. The present paper is devoted to two main points: First, we generalize the Rabinowicz-AWM criterion by introducing an “asperity-free” wear criterion, applicable even to fractal roughness. Second, we combine our generalized Rabinowicz criterion with the numerical contact mechanics of rough surfaces and formulate on this basis a deterministic wear model. We identify two types of wear: one leading to the formation of a modified topography which does not wear further and one showing continuously proceeding wear. In the latter case we observe regimes of least wear, mild wear and severe wear which have a clear microscopic interpretation. The worn volume in the region of mild wear occurs typically to be a power law of the normal force with an exponent not necessarily equal to one. The method provides the worn surface topography after an initial settling phase as well as the size distribution of wear particles. We analyse different laws of interface interaction and the corresponding wear laws. A comprehensive parameter study remains a task for future research.
Silurian amplexoid rugose coral generaPilophylliaGe and Yu, 1974 andNeopilophyllianew genus from South China
Authors: Wang Guang-Xu , He Xin-Yi , Tang Lan , Percival Ian G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPilophylliaGe and Yu, 1974 represents a major group of distinctive amplexoid corals in the Silurian, whose taxonomic relationships, species composition, and evolutionary trends remain contentious. A critical revision of type material and new specimens of several species (and subspecies) assigned toPilophyllia, including the type speciesP. involutaGe and Yu, 1974, provides solutions to some of these problems.Pilophylliais revised to include only those forms characterized by a distinct peripheral stereozone and amplexoid major septa with club-shaped rhabdacanths set in thick lamellar stereomes. Other species, previously referred toPilophylliabut having generally short septa with wedge-shaped rhabdacanths, are transferred herein to the new genusNeopilophylliaWang. Both genera, together with other Silurian amplexoid rugosan genera such asAmplexoides, are referred to the new family Amplexoididae Wang, which is thought to be evolutionarily unrelated to the much younger (Devonian to early Carboniferous) amplexoid rugosan family Amplexidae Chapman, 1893. The first appearance ofNeopilophyllian. gen. in the middle Telychian, much later than that ofPilophylliain the late Rhuddanian, probably marks a significant stage during the evolution of Silurian amplexoid corals.UUID:http://zoobank.org/c22423b0-7af2-4be0-8ac2-7d47addde621
Unconventional calibration strategies for micromanipulation work-cells
Authors: Fontana G. , Ruggeri S. , Legnani G. , Fassi I. 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYThis paper presents and compares a set of calibration strategies useful to calibrate vision-based robotised work-cells for micromanipulation and microassembly. To grasp and release microparts precisely, robot calibration, camera calibration and robot-camera registration are needed. Conventional calibration methods are very onerous at the microscale, therefore, two alternative unconventional procedures, called virtual grid calibration and hybrid calibration, are developed for work-cells with high-performance robots, minimising necessary instrumentation. Moreover, an effective calibration of the robot end-effector is designed to compensate for misalignment and orientation errors with respect to the vertical rotational axis. This paper describes the calibration methods and their implementation, the results and the improvements achieved. A detailed comparison between the hybrid and the virtual grid calibrations is provided, demonstrating the higher performance of the latter strategy.
Extending the paradigm: a policy framework for healthy and equitable eating (HE2)
Authors: Pescud Melanie , Friel Sharon , Lee Amanda , Sacks Gary , Meertens Elizabeth , Carter Rob , Cobcroft Megan , Munn Elizabeth , Greenfield Joanne 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe current short communication aimed to provide a new conceptualisation of the policy drivers of inequities in healthy eating and to make a call to action to begin populating this framework with evidence of actions that can be taken to reduce the inequities in healthy eating.DesignThe Healthy and Equitable Eating (HE2) Framework derives from a systems-based analytical approach involving expert workshops.SettingAustralia.SubjectsAcademics, government officials and non-government organisations in Australia.ResultsThe HE2Framework extends previous conceptualisations of policy responses to healthy eating to include the social determinants of healthy eating and its social distribution, encompassing policy areas including housing, social protection, employment, education, transport, urban planning, plus the food system and environment.ConclusionsAs the burden of non-communicable diseases continues to grow globally, it is important that governments, practitioners and researchers focus attention on the development and implementation of policies beyond the food system and environment that can address the social determinants of inequities in healthy eating.
Design principles of chiral carbon nanodots help convey chirality from molecular to nanoscale level
Authors: Ðorđević Luka , Arcudi Francesca , D’Urso Alessandro , Cacioppo Michele , Micali Norberto , Bürgi Thomas , Purrello Roberto , Prato Maurizio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe chirality of (nano)structures is paramount in many phenomena, including biological processes, self-assembly, enantioselective reactions, and light or electron spin polarization. In the quest for new chiral materials, metallo-organic hybrids have been attractive candidates for exploiting the aforementioned scientific fields. Here, we show that chiral carbon nanoparticles, called carbon nanodots, can be readily prepared using hydrothermal microwave-assisted synthesis and easily purified. These particles, with a mean particle size around 3 nm, are highly soluble in water and display mirror-image profile both in the UV–Vis and in the infrared regions, as detected by electronic and vibrational circular dichroism, respectively. Finally, the nanoparticles are used as templates for the formation of chiral supramolecular porphyrin assemblies, showing that it is possible to use and transfer the chiral information. This simple (and effective) methodology opens up exciting opportunities for developing a variety of chiral composite materials and applications.
The dual methyltransferase METTL13 targets N terminus and Lys55 of eEF1A and modulates codon-specific translation rates
Authors: Jakobsson Magnus E. , Małecki Jędrzej M. , Halabelian Levon , Nilges Benedikt S. , Pinto Rita , Kudithipudi Srikanth , Munk Stephanie , Davydova Erna , Zuhairi Fawzi R. , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Jeltsch Albert , Leidel Sebastian A. , Olsen Jesper V. , Falnes Pål Ø. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) delivers aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome and thereby plays a key role in protein synthesis. Human eEF1A is subject to extensive post-translational methylation, but several of the responsible enzymes remain unknown. Using a wide range of experimental approaches, we here show that human methyltransferase (MTase)-like protein 13 (METTL13) contains two distinct MTase domains targeting the N terminus and Lys55 of eEF1A, respectively. Our biochemical and structural analyses provide detailed mechanistic insights into recognition of the eEF1A N terminus by METTL13. Moreover, through ribosome profiling, we demonstrate that loss of METTL13 function alters translation dynamics and results in changed translation rates of specific codons. In summary, we here unravel the function of a human MTase, showing that it methylates eEF1A and modulates mRNA translation in a codon-specific manner.
p53 in AgRP neurons is required for protection against diet-induced obesity via JNK1
Authors: Quiñones Mar , Al-Massadi Omar , Folgueira Cintia , Bremser Stephan , Gallego Rosalía , Torres-Leal Leonardo , Haddad-Tóvolli Roberta , García-Caceres Cristina , Hernandez-Bautista Rene , Lam Brian Y. H. , Beiroa Daniel , Sanchez-Rebordelo Estrella , Senra Ana , Malagon Jose A. , Valerio Patricia , Fondevila Marcos F. , Fernø Johan , Malagon Maria M. , Contreras Raian , Pfluger Paul , Brüning Jens C. , Yeo Giles , Tschöp Matthias , Diéguez Carlos , López Miguel , Claret Marc , Kloppenburg Peter , Sabio Guadalupe , Nogueiras Ruben 
Published: August 2018

Abstractp53 is a well-known tumor suppressor that has emerged as an important player in energy balance. However, its metabolic role in the hypothalamus remains unknown. Herein, we show that mice lacking p53 in agouti-related peptide (AgRP), but not proopiomelanocortin (POMC) or steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) neurons, are more prone to develop diet-induced obesity and show reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity. AgRP-specific ablation of p53 resulted in increased hypothalamic c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity before the mice developed obesity, and central inhibition of JNK reversed the obese phenotype of these mice. The overexpression of p53 in the ARC or specifically in AgRP neurons of obese mice decreased body weight and stimulated BAT thermogenesis, resulting in body weight loss. Finally, p53 in AgRP neurons regulates the ghrelin-induced food intake and body weight. Overall, our findings provide evidence that p53 in AgRP neurons is required for normal adaptations against diet-induced obesity.
Loss of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 represses diet-induced metabolic syndrome through AMPK activation
Authors: Lee Min-Sik , Han Hyun-Ji , Han Su Yeon , Kim Il Young , Chae Sehyun , Lee Choong-Sil , Kim Sung Eun , Yoon Seul Gi , Park Jun-Won , Kim Jung-Hoon , Shin Soyeon , Jeong Manhyung , Ko Aram , Lee Ho-Young , Oh Kyoung-Jin , Lee Yun-Hee , Bae Kwang-Hee , Koo Seung-Hoi , Kim Jea-woo , Seong Je Kyung , Hwang Daehee , Song Jaewhan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in controlling energy metabolism in response to physiological and nutritional status. Although AMPK activation has been proposed as a promising molecular target for treating obesity and its related comorbidities, the use of pharmacological AMPK activators has been met with contradictory therapeutic challenges. Here we show a regulatory mechanism for AMPK through its ubiquitination and degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1). MKRN1 depletion promotes glucose consumption and suppresses lipid accumulation due to AMPK stabilisation and activation. Accordingly, MKRN1-null mice show chronic AMPK activation in both liver and adipose tissue, resulting in significant suppression of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. We demonstrate also its therapeutic effect by administering shRNA targeting MKRN1 into obese mice that reverses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We suggest that ubiquitin-dependent AMPK degradation represents a target therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders.
Nanomedicines reveal how PBOV1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma for effective gene therapy
Authors: Guo Yu , Wu Zhiqiang , Shen Shunli , Guo Ruomi , Wang Jing , Wang Weiwei , Zhao Kun , Kuang Ming , Shuai Xintao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere exists an urgent medical demand at present to develop therapeutic strategies which can improve the treatment outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we explore the biological functions and clinical significance of PBOV1 in HCC in order to push forward the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Using theranostical nanomedicines, PBOV1 is verified to be a key oncogene which greatly promotes HCC proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and stemness by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, single-chain antibody for epidermal growth factor receptor (scAb-EGFR)-targeted nanomedicine effectively silencing the PBOV1 gene exhibits potent anticancer effects. In vivo HCC-targeting siRNA delivery mediated by the theranostical nanomedicine remarkably inhibits the tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals (SPION)-encapsulated nanomedicines possess high MRI detection sensitivity, which endows them with the potential for MRI diagnosis of HCC. This study shows that PBOV1 represents a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
High entropy oxides for reversible energy storage
Authors: Sarkar Abhishek , Velasco Leonardo , Wang Di , Wang Qingsong , Talasila Gopichand , de Biasi Lea , Kübel Christian , Brezesinski Torsten , Bhattacharya Subramshu S. , Hahn Horst , Breitung Ben 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn recent years, the concept of entropy stabilization of crystal structures in oxide systems has led to an increased research activity in the field of “high entropy oxides”. These compounds comprise the incorporation of multiple metal cations into single-phase crystal structures and interactions among the various metal cations leading to interesting novel and unexpected properties. Here, we report on the reversible lithium storage properties of the high entropy oxides, the underlying mechanisms governing these properties, and the influence of entropy stabilization on the electrochemical behavior. It is found that the stabilization effect of entropy brings significant benefits for the storage capacity retention of high entropy oxides and greatly improves the cycling stability. Additionally, it is observed that the electrochemical behavior of the high entropy oxides depends on each of the metal cations present, thus providing the opportunity to tailor the electrochemical properties by simply changing the elemental composition.