bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of a section through the nickeliferous laterite in Fazenda da Roseta, Liberdade, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Soares Gabriel Aragão Rodrigues , Palermo Nely , Pires Fernando Roberto Mendes 
Published: August 2018

Geochemical and mineralogical studies undertaken through a section of the nickeliferous laterite profile in Fazenda da Roseta, Liberdade, Southern Minas Gerais, revealed mineable grades, both in the saprolitic horizon (A-type ore) and in the oxidized one (C-type ore). The A-type ore, well defined in the innermost 1.5 m of the section, boasts representative grades at the order of 1.7 wt.% NiO, with amorphous garnierite-type minerals, besides chlorite and likely serpentine, as the Ni-rich phases. An approximately 2 m-long interval defines a transitional zone from the silicatic toward the oxidized ore, marked by the outward gradual absorption of residual blocks from the parent rock within a goethitic plasma. Impregnations and stockwork-like veins of asbolane, confirmed by local Mn and Co anomalies, delineate the outer edge of this zone. The oxidized ore stretches, based on Ni contents, for roughly 4 m. Average grades lie about 1.2 wt.% NiO, containing goethite as the main Ni ore mineral, plus some secondary talc. Ever since the innermost part of the section, Ni has been continuously washed away, in such a manner that its concentrations become rather low in the outermost part. Anomalous geochemical signatures may indicate the occurrence of dykes of uncommon igneous rocks crosscutting the profile. The absence of smectites in the profile points out that free flow conditions have prevailed, which is reinforced by the substitution of kaolinite by gibbsite, which highlights severe hydrolysis conditions (tendency to alitization). Kaolinite veins in the gibbsite-only zone suggest post-lateritic origin. The laterite development determines an evolution in pH conditions from slightly alkaline in the early stages (quartz–kaolinite–zeolite association) to mildly acidic in the more advanced phases (presence of Al-goethites).
Study of silica-undersaturated magmas through the Kalsilite- Nepheline-Diopside-Silica system at 4.0 GPa and dry conditions
Authors: Souza Márcio Roberto Wilbert de , Conceição Rommulo Vieira , Cedeño Daniel Grings , Quinteiro Roberto Vicente Schmitz 
Published: August 2018

This study experimentally investigates the Kalsilite-Nepheline-Diopside-Silica system at high pressure and temperature, with emphasis on silica-undersaturated volume (leucite-nepheline-diopside — Lct-Nph-Di; and kalsilite-nepheline-diopside — Kls + Nph + Di — planes), at 4.0 GPa (~120 km deep), temperatures up to 1,400ºC and dry conditions, to better understand the influence of K2O, Na2O, and CaO in alkali-rich silica-undersaturated magma genesis. In the Lct-Nph-Di plane, we determined the stability fields for kalsilite (Klsss), nepheline (Nphss) and clinopyroxene (Cpxss) solid solutions, wollastonite (Wo) and sanidine (Sa); and three piercing points: (i) pseudo-eutectic Kls + Nph + Di + liquid (Lct62Nph29Di9) at 1,000ºC; (ii) Kls + Sa + (Di + Wo) + liquid (Lct75Nph22Di2) at 1,200ºC; and (iii) pseudo-eutectic Kls + Di + Wo + liquid (Lct74Nph17Di9) at 1,000ºC. Kalsilite stability field represents a thermal barrier between ultrapotassic/potassic vs. sodic compositions. In the plane Kls-Nph-Di, we determined the stability fields for Klsss, Nphss and Cpxss and two aluminous phases in smaller proportions: spinel (Spl) and corundum (Crn). This plane has a piercing point in Kls + Nph + Di(± Spl) + liquid (Kls47Nph43Di10) at 1,100ºC. Our data showed that pressure extends K dissolution in Nph (up to 39 mol%) and Na in Kls (up to 27 mol%), and that these solid solutions, if present, determinate how much enriched in K and Na an alkaline magma will be in an alkaline-enriched metasomatic mantle. Additionally, we noted positive correlation between K2O and SiO2 concentration in experimental melts, negative correlation between CaO and SiO2, and no evident correlation between Na2O and SiO2.
Reativações pós-silurianas do Lineamento Transbrasiliano na porção sul da Bacia do Parnaíba
Authors: Santos Carla Hemillay de Oliveira , Sá Emanuel Ferraz Jardim de , Silva Fernando César Alves da , Antunes Alex Francisco 
Published: August 2018

O Lineamento Transbrasiliano (LTB) apresenta direção NE-SW. Cerca de 900 km desse sistema interceptam o substrato da Bacia do Parnaíba (BPar), inferido, a partir de dados geológicos e geofísicos, como uma zona de cisalhamento plástica transcorrente dextral. Este trabalho objetivou abordar a assinatura estrutural e os marcadores estratigráficos associados às reativações do LTB na região sul da bacia, ao leste de Palmas (TO). No embasamento cristalino, um estágio tardio do LTB se expressa como uma zona dúctil-frágil também de cinemática dextral de idade ediacarana-cambriana, no NW do Ceará. Nas unidades litoestratigráficas da BPar são distinguidos eventos de reativação em regime frágil ou hidroplástico. Na região de estudo, um evento mais antigo registra cinemática transcorrente sinistral expressa principalmente como bandas de deformação e falhas com direção NE, combinadas a estruturas dilatacionais (incluindo juntas e falhas normais) ou conjugadas/antitéticas de rejeito direcional ou oblíquo, com orientações que variam de NNE a NNW, todas observadas nos litotipos das Formações Sambaíba e Pedra de Fogo, bem como nas mais antigas. Ao sudeste de Alto Parnaíba (MA) são observadas evidências de atividade tectônica sindeposicional durante o Permiano superior. Um segundo conjunto de estruturas composto por falhas normais associadas a uma distensão N/NNW, impressas nos corpos básicos de idade eojurássica da Suíte Mosquito, que, por sua vez, é capeada por depósitos com seixos das vulcânicas, correlacionados à Formação Corda. Um terceiro conjunto de estruturas, caracterizado por falhas normais ou oblíquas com direção NE, registra distensão NW, sendo associada ao evento de rifteamento da Margem Leste brasileira, durante o Cretáceo Inferior. Finalmente, um quarto evento, de ocorrência restrita, envolve distensão NE e está registrado em arenitos correlacionados ao Grupo Urucuia, implicando uma idade máxima neocretácea.
Quantifying the Separation of Enhanced ZDR and KDP Regions in Nonsupercell Tornadic Storms
Authors: Loeffler Scott D. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTornadoes associated with nonsupercell storms present unique challenges for forecasters. These tornadic storms, although often not as violent or deadly as supercells, occur disproportionately during the overnight hours and the cool season—times when the public is more vulnerable. Additionally, there is significantly lower warning skill for these nonsupercell tornadoes compared to supercell tornadoes. This study utilizes dual-polarization Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data to analyze nonsupercell tornadic storms over a three-and-a-half-year period focused on the mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States. A signature found in a large number of cases is the separation of low-level specific differential phase KDP and differential reflectivity ZDR enhancement regions, thought to arise owing to size sorting. This study employs a new method to define the “separation vector,” which comprises the distance separating the enhancement regions and the direction from the KDP enhancement region to the ZDR enhancement region, measured relative to storm motion. While there is some variation between cases, preliminary results show that the distribution of separation distance between the enhancement regions is centered around 3–4 km and tends to maximize around the time of tornadogenesis. A preferred quadrant for separation direction is found between parallel and 90° to the right of storm motion and is most orthogonal near the time of tornadogenesis. Further, it is shown that, for a given separation distance, separation direction increasing from 0° toward 90° is associated with increased storm-relative helicity.
Elevated serum cytokeratin-18 concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chang Yu-Hung , Lin Hsien-Chang , Hwu Der-Wei , Chang Dao-Ming , Lin Kun-Chen , Lee Yau-Jiunn 
Published: August 2018

Background Serum cytokeratin-18 is believed to be a marker of hepatic cell damage. However, few studies have discussed about the serum cytokeratin-18 concentration in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and investigated its association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as metabolic biomarkers. Methods Healthy participants and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled. Physical and metabolic factors were recorded, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was screened by abdominal ultrasound and the fatty liver index. The cytokeratin-18 concentration was detected using two commercially available immunoassay kits (M30 and M65 ELISA kit, Previa AB, Sweden). Results Overall, 22.8% (29/127) and 35.9% (42/117) of the participants were diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the non-diabetes mellitus group and type 2 diabetes mellitus group, respectively. In the non-diabetes mellitus group and type 2 diabetes mellitus group, our result showed that participants with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease had a higher serum cytokeratin-18 M30 and cytokeratin-18 M65 concentration as compared with participants without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, as compared with healthy participants without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, our result also demonstrated that type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease had a higher serum cytokeratin-18 M30 (108.4 ± 66.2 vs. 87.1 ± 34.6 U/L; P = 0.038) and cytokeratin-18 M65 concentration (285.4 ± 115.3 vs. 248.5 ± 111.3 U/L; P = 0.031). The independent relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cytokeratin-18 was further strengthened by the significant positive association between fasting plasma glucose and serum cytokeratin-18 concentration via multivariate regression analyses (cytokeratin-18 M30: β = 0.034, P = 0.029; cytokeratin-18 M65: β = 0.044, P = 0.002). Conclusions Independent of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, our results suggested that the cytokeratin-18 concentration is closely associated with the hyperglycaemic milieu. The association between serum cytokeratin-18 and type 2 diabetes mellitus may be worthy of further investigation.
Creation of a family medicine residency blog
Authors: Jones Kyle Bradford , Fortenberry Katherine , Sanyer Osman , Knighton Rachel , Van Hala Sonja 
Published: August 2018

Objective To describe the process of creating the Family Medicine Vital Signs blog, curated and edited by residents and faculty at the University of Utah Family Medicine Residency Program and to obtain feedback from participants regarding educational impact. Methods Each resident and faculty member contributes at least one blog post per year (with other invited authors), resulting in one post per week on the blog site. An editorial board composed of residents and faculty provides direction and editorial assistance for each post. Residency staff assist in providing authors with reminders and logistical support. A survey was conducted of blog contributors to understand their perceptions of the blog’s educational value. Results The Family Medicine Vital Signs blog was started in July 2014, with 40% (n = 68) of the 170 posts provided by residents, 38.2% (n = 65) by faculty, and 21.8% (n = 37) by invited authors through June 2017. It has averaged nearly 100 unique readers per week and has had 15 posts republished in different venues. The participant survey demonstrated scores above the median-possible score, showing positive impact in support of the educational goals. Conclusion A residency blog provides a venue for educational instruction, supporting physician development of communication skills, community engagement, and advocacy.
Cryptogenic and non-cryptogenic liver abscess: A retrospective analysis of 178 cases revealed distinct characteristics
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Minwei , Chen Jinlong , Ning Yaogui , Cai Xiaoyang , Zhang Li , Xu Hao , Guo Jing 
Published: August 2018

Objective To enhance theoretical support of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) treatment by comparing characteristics of patients with either PLA with an identified infectious origin (non-cryptogenic) or PLA with no obvious underlying cause (cryptogenic). Methods This retrospective study included all first episodes of PLA in adults admitted to a tertiary hospital between 2009 and 2016. Relevant clinical data were collected for patients with cryptogenic or non-cryptogenic PLA and compared across a number of characteristics. Results In all, 178 patients were included: 111 cases (62.4%) of cryptogenic PLA, and 67 cases (37.6%) of non-cryptogenic PLA. Diabetes mellitus was significantly more prevalent in patients with cryptogenic PLA than those with non-cryptogenic PLA. The proportion of multidrug resistance/poly-microbial infection was significantly lower and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection was significantly higher in the cryptogenic versus non-cryptogenic PLA group. Metastatic infection occurred in four patients with cryptogenic PLA only, and all had diabetes and K. pneumoniae infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex, diabetes and K. pneumoniae were independent predictors for cryptogenic PLA. Conclusions Cryptogenic and non-cryptogenic PLA have distinctly different characteristics, suggesting a potential need for different treatment approaches.
Proximal humerus fracture–dislocation managed by mini-open reduction and percutaneous screw fixation
Authors: Johnson NA , Pandey R 
Published: August 2018

Background We describe a minimally open reduction and percutaneous fixation technique for three- and four-part proximal humeral fracture–dislocations which preserves soft tissues. Methods Eleven consecutive patients with three-and four-part proximal humeral fracture–dislocations (eight anterior, three posterior dislocations) were treated this way. The dislocation is reduced using a mini-open deltopectoral approach with a horizontal split in subscapularis. Fracture fragments are fixed with percutaneous screws. Constant and Oxford Shoulder Score were collected prospectively. Results Mean age was 51 years (range 32–65). Mean follow-up was 36 months (range 24–72 months). At last follow-up mean Constant score was 75 (range 64–86) compared to 88 (range 85–92) for the uninjured shoulder. Mean Oxford shoulder score was 41 (range 34–46). One patient developed avascular necrosis. Screw back out was seen in three patients. These were removed under local anaesthesia. There were no screw penetrations of articular surface. One patient suffered a radial nerve neuropraxia which resolved. Conclusion These results are promising and comparable to published literature with other means of fixation for this complex problem. Due to minimal soft tissue dissection the complications rate is low.
Identifying and Measuring the Lifelong Human Capital of “Unskilled” Migrants in the Mexico-US Migratory Circuit
Authors: Hagan Jacqueline , Demonsant Jean Luc , Chávez Sergio 
Published: August 2018

Most human capital and migration studies classify migrants with limited formal education as “unskilled,” despite substantial skills developed through job and life experiences. Drawing on a binational multi-stage research project that involved interviews with 320 Mexican migrants and return migrants in North Carolina and Guanajuato, Mexico, we identify the lifelong human capital they acquired and transferred throughout their careers and discover that these include not only basic education and English, but also technical and social skills and competences acquired informally on and off the job throughout the course of one's life. We further find that the learning and transfer of skills is a lifelong, gendered process, reflecting the different social contexts and jobs in which men and women learn. In this paper we document several mobility pathways associated with the acquisition and transfer of skills across the migratory circuit, including reskilling, occupational mobility, job jumping, and entrepreneurship. Our study has broad implications for the migration policies of both the US and Mexico. US immigration policy confers preference to “skilled” immigrants who rank high on traditional human capital characteristics, such as education levels and other formal credentials, but limits the entry of “unskilled” migrants, a categorization that ignores the substantial informal skills they bring to US labor markets. Instead of focusing only on the continued expansion of immigration policy preferences for narrowly defined skilled migrants, the US government needs to consider more carefully what we mean by skilled workers and design fairer and more effective immigration policies that match their abilities to the specific needs of US industry and thereby recognize the economic contributions of all migrants within a lifelong human capital framework. Mexico can also learn from our findings. Between 2005 and 2010 an estimated 1.4 million Mexicans returned to Mexico from the US, a figure roughly double the number who had returned in the five-year period a decade earlier (Passel et al. 2012). The government of Mexico has a history of developing programs to provide for Mexicans abroad and encourage their remittances. Our research indicates that the Mexican people and their economy would benefit by supporting entrepreneurial ventures and reintegration programs that recognize and reward the enhanced skill sets of return migrants. As we show, some of these individuals are able to fill valued positions and start businesses of their own, creating more jobs in their home communities and thus promoting local economic development.
“Enemy Territory”: Immigration Enforcement in the US-Mexico Borderlands
Authors: Ewing Walter A. 
Published: August 2018

For the last two decades, the guiding strategy of immigration enforcement along the US-Mexico border has been “prevention through deterrence,” or stopping unauthorized immigrants from entering the country rather than apprehending those who have already crossed the border. “Prevention through deterrence” has entailed a massive concentration of enforcement personnel and resources along the border and at ports of entry. It has also led to the detention and removal of increasing numbers of unauthorized immigrants and far greater use of “expedited removal.” As gauged by the doubling in size of the unauthorized immigrant population over the same period, “prevention through deterrence” has not been a successful enforcement strategy. Moreover, it has funneled more migrants to their death in the deserts and mountains of the southwest as they (and smugglers) resort to increasingly dangerous routes to evade border enforcement. In addition, there has been public concern over ethnic profiling and the use of extraordinary authority by Border Patrol agents to conduct arbitrary searches within 100 miles of the border. Despite these problems, the federal government continues to spend billions of dollars each year on the “prevention through deterrence” strategy. A first step in overcoming the deficiencies of this border enforcement strategy is to strengthen accountability within the Border Patrol, so that allegations of excessive force and abuse are investigated and adjudicated promptly and appropriately. The culture of the Border Patrol must be transformed to foster respect for rights. More broadly, the mission of the Border Patrol should be to capture dangerous individuals and to disrupt the operations of the transnational criminal organizations that traffic people, drugs, guns, and money. In addition, providing more pathways to legal entry through immigration reform would enhance border security by attenuating the flow of unauthorized immigrants within which dangerous criminals or terrorists can hide. Finally, the US government should pursue economic policies to promote development in Mexico and Central American countries in order to address the underlying causes of migration.
Reconceiving Citizenship: Noncitizen Voting in New York City Municipal Elections as a Case Study in Immigrant Integration and Local Governance
Authors: Gilbert Lauren 
Published: August 2018

This paper uses New York City's consideration of an amendment to its charter that would extend voting rights to noncitizens in municipal elections as a case study in immigrant integration and local governance. It argues that New York City's biggest challenge in moving this issue forward is dealing successfully with two related questions: (1) why the New York City Council should be able to decide who “the People” are without approval from the state government in Albany and (2) whether it should attempt to enact the measure without a referendum. The analysis first examines the role of local government in regulating the lives of immigrants, contrasting enforcement-oriented strategies with those that are more integration-oriented. It then spotlights federal law obstacles to noncitizen suffrage, concluding that while neither federal criminal nor immigration law prevents state or local governments from extending the franchise to noncitizens in state or local matters, federal law imposes impediments that may deter some noncitizens from registering or that could carry serious immigration consequences for those who vote in violation of federal law. The article then focuses on state law obstacles, including New York's constitution, its state election law and its home rule provisions. It contrasts other recent experiences with noncitizen suffrage around the country, looking at both municipal and school board elections. Finally, it provides some thoughts on best practices in moving forward the issue of noncitizen suffrage in New York City and other locales. New York law is ambiguous enough that good arguments can be made for why neither Albany's approval nor a city-wide referendum is required. However, given New York City's historic relationship with Albany and the state legislature's power to preempt local law on election matters, if the city council attempts to expand the franchise to noncitizen voters without a referendum or comparable measure, it could trigger preemptive action in Albany or lengthy, divisive, and costly battles in the courts.