bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Salmonella Typhimurium infection in pigs disrupts Microbiome composition and functionality principally at the ileum mucosa
Authors: Argüello Héctor , Estellé Jordi , Zaldívar-López Sara , Jiménez-Marín Ángeles , Carvajal Ana , López-Bascón Mª Asunción , Crispie Fiona , O’Sullivan Orla , Cotter Paul D. , Priego-Capote Feliciano , Morera Luis , Garrido Juan J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSalmonella is a major foodborne pathogen which successfully infects animal species for human consumption such as swine. The pathogen has a battery of virulence factors which it uses to colonise and persist within the host. The host microbiota may play a role in resistance to, and may also be indirectly responsible from some of the consequences of, Salmonella infection. To investigate this, we used 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing to determine the changes in the gut microbiota of pigs in response to infection by Salmonella Typhimurium at three locations: ileum mucosa, ileum content and faeces. Early infection (2 days post-infection) impacted on the microbiome diversity at the mucosa, reflected in a decrease in representatives of the generally regarded as desirable genera (i.e., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). Severe damage in the epithelium of the ileum mucosa correlated with an increase in synergistic (with respect to Salmonella infection; Akkermansia) or opportunistically pathogenic bacteria (Citrobacter) and a depletion in anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus, or Dialliser). Predictive functional analysis, together with metabolomic analysis revealed changes in glucose and lipid metabolism in infected pigs. The observed changes in commensal healthy microbiota, including the growth of synergistic or potentially pathogenic bacteria and depletion of beneficial or competing bacteria, could contribute to the pathogen’s ability to colonize the gut successfully. The findings from this study could be used to form the basis for further research aimed at creating intervention strategies to mitigate the effects of Salmonella infection.
Amelioration of Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and DSS induced colitis by NTG-A-009 through the inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cells differentiation
Authors: Acharya Suman , Timilshina Maheshwor , Jiang Liyuan , Neupane Sabita , Choi Dong-Young , Park Sang Won , Lee Sang Yeul , Jeong Byeong-Seon , Kim Jung-Ae , Nam Tae-gyu , Chang Jae-Hoon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCD4+T cells are the central for the mammalian adaptive immune system. Naïve CD4+T cells mainly differentiate in to pro-inflammatory Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells upon antigenic stimulation. IFN-γ secreting Th1 cells and IL-17 secreting Th17 cells are found to play key roles in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study we found NTG-A-009, 6-aminopyridin-3-ol, has great inhibitory effect onin vitrodifferentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells without affecting regulatory T cells. Moreover, NTG-A-009 had no effect on CD4+T cell proliferation and viability.In vivotreatment has shown that NTG-A-009 has ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis through the inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cells differentiation. Mechanistically, NTG-A-009 suppressed Th1 and Th17 cells differentiation via the modulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Thus, our data demonstrated that NTG-A-009 ameliorated inflammation through the inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cells generation making it a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
A Simulation Model for Coupled Heat Transfer and Moisture Transport under the Action of Heat Source in Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Jin Hua , Guo Yi , Deng Hongkai , Qi Xin , Gui Jinpeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGround source heat pump (GSHP) system has been installed as the air-conditioning system worldwide due to it has the characteristics of high efficiency, easy access and environmental protection. Since ground heat exchanger (GHE) plays a key role in the performance of GSHPs, many models of GHE have been proposed to simulate temperature distribution around the borehole. However, most of these models depict only the heat conduction process between buried pipes and surrounding soil based on the line source model or cylindrical source model. And these models do not consider water transfer under the action of heat source, which can cause some prediction errors. The objective of this study is to provide a numerical model to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and moisture caused by a GHE with constant temperature in unsaturated soils. The numerical model is developed by establishing two tridiagonal matrices and adopting Thomas algorithm to achieve the programming. The experiment is operated at the Taiyuan University of Technology and the comparisons between modeled and experimental data prove the high accuracy of this model. The model shows significant engineering values in designs and operations of GSHP.
Photonic glass for high contrast structural color
Authors: Shang Guoliang , Maiwald Lukas , Renner Hagen , Jalas Dirk , Dosta Maksym , Heinrich Stefan , Petrov Alexander , Eich Manfred 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNon-iridescent structural colors based on disordered arrangement of monodisperse spherical particles, also called photonic glass, show low color saturation due to gradual transition in the reflectivity spectrum. No significant improvement is usually expected from particles optimization, as Mie resonances are broad for small dielectric particles with moderate refractive index. Moreover, the short range order of a photonic glass alone is also insufficient to cause sharp spectral features. We show here, that the combination of a well-chosen particle geometry with the short range order of a photonic glass has strong synergetic effects. Using a first-order approximation and an Ewald sphere construction the reflectivity of such structures can be related to the Fourier transform of the permittivity distribution. The Fourier transform required for a highly saturated color can be achieved by tailoring the substructure of the motif. We show that this can be obtained by choosing core-shell particles with a non-monotonous refractive index distribution from the center of the particle through the shell and into the background material. The first-order theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations.
Identification and tissue distribution of chemosensory protein and odorant binding protein genes in Tropidothorax elegans Distant (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)
Authors: Song Yue-Qin , Sun Hui-Zhong , Du Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTropidothorax elegans Distant (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) is an insect pest that inflicts damage to vegetables and flowering plants across China. The olfactory system regulates insect behavior, such as feeding, mating, oviposition and predator avoidance. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and the chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are two groups of small soluble proteins that initiate olfactory signal transduction in insects. In this study, we generated antennal transcriptomes of male and female T. elegans, and identified 19 putative OBP (14 classic OBPs and five plus-C OBPs) and seven CSP genes. Through real-time quantitative PCR analysis, we found that 14 of the 19 OBP genes were highly expressed in the antennae of both adult females and males, and 3 OBP genes were expressed higher in the antennae of males than females. Some OBP genes were also highly expressed in the legs or wings. Three CSP genes were highly expressed in the antennae of both sexes, and TeleCSP7 showed higher expression in male antennae compare to females. Interestingly, one CSP gene, TeleCSP2, was expressed in all olfactory tissues. Our results provide molecular insights into further investigating of the olfactory system of an important plant pest, T. elegans.
Noninvasive low-cycle fatigue characterization at high depth with photoacoustic eigen-spectrum analysis
Authors: Gao Xiaoxiang , Tao Chao , Zhu Rong , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work, photoacoustic eigen-spectrum analysis was proposed for noninvasively characterizing the mechanical properties of materials. We theoretically predicted the relationship between the photoacoustic eigen-spectra of cylindrical optical absorbers and their mechanical properties. Experimental measurements of eigen-spectra extracted from photoacoustic coda waves agreed well with the theoretical predictions. We then applied the photoacoustic eigen-spectrum analysis for contactless monitoring of low-cycle fatigue damage. Experiments showed that the photoacoustic eigen-spectra were closely related to the degree of low-cycle fatigue. This study might enhance the contrast of photoacoustic imaging ford mechanical characterization.
The anxiolytic-like effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on chronic unpredictable stress in rats
Authors: Xu Jia-ning , Chen Li-fang , Su Jun , Liu Zhi-li , Chen Jie , Lin Qing-fen , Mao Wei-dong , Shen Dong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present study is to evaluate the anxiolytic-like activities underlying ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3). The anxiolytic-like activities were induced by GRg3 (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.g), evidenced by blocking the decreased time and entries in the open arms in elevated plus maze test and by reversing the increased latency to feed in novelty-suppressed feeding test. In addition, the decreased levels on progesterone, allopregnanolone, serotonin (5-HT) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) were blocked by GRg3 (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.g). Furthermore, the increased corticotropin releasing hormone, corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone were blocked by GRg3 (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.g). Collectively, the anxiolytic-like effects produced by GRg3 were associated with the normalization of neurosteroids biosynthesis, serotonergic system as well as HPA axis dysfunction.
Association between urinary sodium excretion and uric acid, and its interaction on the risk of prehypertension among Chinese young adults
Authors: Wang Yang , Hu Jia-Wen , Qu Peng-Fei , Wang Ke-Ke , Yan Yu , Chu Chao , Zheng Wen-Ling , Xu Xian-Jing , Lv Yong-Bo , Ma Qiong , Gao Ke , Yuan Yue , Li Hao , Yuan Zu-Yi , Mu Jian-Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHigh uric acid (UA) level and high salt intake are reportedly associated with cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the association between UA and urinary sodium excretion, as well as its interaction on the risk of prehypertension. A total of 1869 participants without hypertension were recruited from a previously established cohort in Shaanxi Province, China. The participants were classified as normotensive or prehypertensive on the basis of their blood pressure. Increasing quartiles of sodium excretion were associated with high urinary UA/creatinine levels in prehypertensive participants. Estimated sodium excretion positively correlated with urinary UA/creatinine excretions in the prehypertensive group. In addition, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for prehypertension compared with normotension were 1.68 (1.27–2.22) for sodium excretion and 1.71 (1.21–2.42) for serum UA. Increasing sodium excretion and serum UA were associated with higher risk of prehypertension. Compared with the lowest quartiles, the highest sodium excretion and serum UA quartiles entailed 3.48 times greater risk of prehypertension. Sodium excretion is associated with urinary UA excretion in prehypertensive participants. The present study shows that high levels of salt intake and serum UA simultaneously are associated with a higher risk of prehypertension.
CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting regulatory genes of HIV-1 inhibits viral replication in infected T-cell cultures
Authors: Ophinni Youdiil , Inoue Mari , Kotaki Tomohiro , Kameoka Masanori 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system provides a novel and promising tool for editing the HIV-1 proviral genome. We designed RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas9 targeting the HIV-1 regulatory genestatandrevwith guide RNAs (gRNA) selected from each gene based on CRISPR specificity and sequence conservation across six major HIV-1 subtypes. Each gRNA was cloned into lentiCRISPRv2 before co-transfection to create a lentiviral vector and transduction into target cells. CRISPR/Cas9 transduction into 293 T and HeLa cells stably expressing Tat and Rev proteins successfully abolished the expression of each protein relative to that in non-transduced and gRNA-absent vector-transduced cells. Tat functional assays showed significantly reduced HIV-1 promoter-driven luciferase expression aftertat-CRISPR transduction, while Rev functional assays revealed abolished gp120 expression afterrev-CRISPR transduction. The target gene was mutated at the Cas9 cleavage site with high frequency and various indel mutations. Conversely, no mutations were detected at off-target sites and Cas9 expression had no effect on cell viability. CRISPR/Cas9 was further tested in persistently and latently HIV-1-infected T-cell lines, in which p24 levels were significantly suppressed even after cytokine reactivation, and multiplexing all six gRNAs further increased efficiency. Thus, the CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting HIV-1 regulatory genes may serve as a favorable means to achieve functional cures.
Levosimendan in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Xing Zhenhua , Tang Liang , Chen Pengfei , Huang Jiabing , peng Xiaofan , Hu Xinqun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPatients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) undergoing cardiac surgery have a high mortality rate. Levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer, improves myocardial contractility without increasing myocardial oxygen demand. It is not clear whether levosimendan can reduce mortality in cardiac surgery patients with LVD. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases were searched to identify randomized trials comparing levosimendan with conventional treatment in cardiac surgery patients with LVD. We derived pooled risk ratios (RRs) with random effects models. The primary endpoint was perioperative mortality. Secondary endpoints were renal replacement treatment, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmia, and hypotension. Fifteen studies enrolling 2606 patients were included. Levosimendan reduced the incidence of perioperative mortality (RR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.45–0.91) and renal replacement treatment (RR:0.71, 95%CI:0.52–0.95). However, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) indicated that more evidence was needed. Furthermore, levosimendan did not reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation (RR:0.82, 95%CI:0.64–1.07), myocardial infarction (RR:0.56, 95%CI:0.26–1.23), or ventricular arrhythmia (RR:0.74, 95%CI:0.49–1.11), but it increased the incidence of hypotension (RR:1.11,95%CI:1.00–1.23). There was not enough high-quality evidence to either support or contraindicate the use of levosimendan in cardiac surgery patients with LVD.
Impact of Surgically and Radiologically Detected Incidental Internal Mammary Lymph Node Enlargement in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Free-Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Khalil Haitham , Kalkat Maninder , Malahias Marco , Rhobaye Saif , Ashour Tarek , Faroq Tahir , Shimal Amar , Tsalic Medy , Naidu Babu 
Published: May 2018

Background The internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) basin is considered the second most important regional nodal basin in breast cancer. IMLNs are often not detected radiologically and left untreated, with symptomatic recurrence being 0.1%. Challenges in accessibility have been an obstacle in achieving a comprehensive treatment plan, especially with undetermined and radiologically enlarged IMLN. Free autologous tissue breast reconstruction is considered the gold standard, and the familiarity of microvascular surgeons in using the internal mammary vessels (IMVs) puts them in a unique position to shed more light on the natural pathological process of IMLN metastases.
Materials and Methods A retrospective data analysis study was conducted evaluating 270 patients who underwent 307 free flaps for breast reconstruction using the IMV in the period between 2009 and 2017. Patient's demographics and clinicopathological data including IMLN harvest, radiological, operative details, adjuvant therapy, postoperative morbidity, and follow-up outcome data were analyzed.
Results Eighty-nine enlarged IMLNs were surgically retrieved from 30.7% (83/270) of the patients (73 delayed, 10 immediate breast reconstructions) with an age range of 29 to 77 years (mean: 45). Eighty six were incidentally encountered during surgery, whereas in three, the enlarged IMLN was preoperatively, radiologically determined and biopsied during computed tomography (CT) scan staging and was retrieved subsequently during surgery. IMLN metastases were confirmed in 8.4% (7/83) of the patients in whom IMLNs were retrieved with subsequent modification of the proposed adjuvant therapy. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 84 months (mean: 42) for the involved IMLN patients. Two patients (28% [2/7]) showed signs of disease progression with mortality.
Conclusion Microvascular surgeons in a multidisciplinary setting would provide a valuable role in improving outcomes of patients with IMLN metastases through better diagnosis and staging of incidentally enlarged metastatic IMLN and provision of an effective approach for locoregional disease control.
Biología del transporte axonal y síndrome de doble compresión
Authors: Rosales R. , Lastra A. , Hernández L. , Fernández A. 
Published: May 2018

ResumenDespués de más de 40 años desde la descripción del Síndrome de Doble Compresión por Upton y McComas en el Lancet, sigue siendo un tema debatido que ha llevado a algunos cirujanos de mano a dudar de su existencia. La evidencia científica demuestra que la alteración del transporte axonal es el mecanismo más plausible en la fisiopatología de ese síndrome de compresión nerviosa. Se ha demostrado que una cuidadosa exploración clínica junto a un buen estudio neurofisiológico bien dirigido incrementa la eficiencia diagnóstica en términos de pacientes correctamente diagnosticados en el SDC. La liberación del Ligamento Transverso del Carpo está indicada en determinados pacientes que cumplen unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión específicos. Los resultados demuestran que la liberación del canal carpiano en esa población diana específica, es capaz de mejorar la gravedad de los síntomas de manera similar a la población afecta de Síndrome del Túnel Carpiano y de manera casi similar, a nivel de la Discapacidad de MMSS. Sólo instrumentos genéricos, como el SF-36, han sido capaces de detectar la diferencia a nivel de ciertas dimensiones de la Salud en relación a la Calidad de Vida entre los resultados del tratamiento en SDC y STC.
Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction: Does Fat Preparation Matter?
Authors: Wood Joshua , Densky Jaron , Boughter John , Sebelik Merry , Shires Courtney 
Published: May 2018

Objectives This article aims (1) to determine whether there is any difference in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rate after anterior skull base autologous fat reconstruction based on how the fat is prepared, and (2) to measure impact on surgical times by reconstruction type.
Design Translational animal model surgical technique 3-arm trial, comparing two different methods of autologous fat skull base reconstruction versus a nonreconstructed control group.
Setting Animal study.
Subjects Adult Sprague-Dawley rats.
Main Outcome Measures Resolution of CSF rhinorrhea after repair of a surgically created anterior skull base defect.
Results Both wet (uncompressed) and dry (compressed) fat reconstruction of an anterior skull base defect demonstrated lower CSF leak rates than nonreconstructed defects. Dry fat reconstruction achieved significance in superiority of controlling CSF leak over no reconstruction (64% success vs. 31%); while wet fat reconstruction trended toward significance (50% vs. 31%). Reconstruction procedure time was longer than nonreconstructed controls, but there was no significant difference between type of fat preparation in surgical time.
Conclusions This study demonstrates that drying and compressing the fat graft improves autologous fat reconstruction success for anterior skull base defects, and does not add significantly to surgical time over nonprepared fat.
Plant acclimation to long-term high nitrogen deposition in an N-rich tropical forest
Authors: Lu Xiankai , Vitousek Peter M. , Mao Qinggong , Gilliam Frank S. , Luo Yiqi , Zhou Guoyi , Zou Xiaoming , Bai Edith , Scanlon Todd M. , Hou Enqing , Mo Jiangming 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Elevated atmospheric N deposition threatens ecosystem health through eutrophication in terrestrial ecosystems, but little is known about consequences of N deposition in N-rich tropical ecosystems. We added several levels of N to an N-rich tropical forest and monitored plant growth dynamics, forest nutrient status, plant water use, and water losses from the ecosystem for a decade. We found that plants can acclimate and maintain nutrient balance by altering hydrological cycling. These results demonstrate that while elevated N deposition to already N-rich tropical forests may have minor effects on forest growth, it can exert a detectable influence on hydrological dynamics. Reduced runoff may threaten water supply in rapidly developing tropical regions.
Lipidomic profiling reveals soluble epoxide hydrolase as a therapeutic target of obesity-induced colonic inflammation
Authors: Wang Weicang , Yang Jun , Zhang Jianan , Wang Yuxin , Hwang Sung Hee , Qi Weipeng , Wan Debin , Kim Daeyoung , Sun Jia , Sanidad Katherine Z. , Yang Haixia , Park Yeonhwa , Liu Jun-Yan , Zhao Xinfeng , Zheng Xiaohui , Liu Zhenhua , Hammock Bruce D. , Zhang Guodong 
Published: May 2018

SignificanceObesity is associated with enhanced colonic inflammation, which is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer. To date, the mechanisms by which obesity increases colonic inflammation are not well-understood, and there are few effective strategies for controlling obesity-induced colonic inflammation and associated diseases. Here, using LC-MS/MS–based metabolomics, we report that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) could be a novel therapeutic target for obesity-induced colonic inflammation. This could lead to rapid human translation, as pharmacological inhibitors of sEH are being evaluated in human clinical trials targeting multiple disorders.
Roughness-dependent tribology effects on discontinuous shear thickening
Authors: Hsu Chiao-Peng , Ramakrishna Shivaprakash N. , Zanini Michele , Spencer Nicholas D. , Isa Lucio 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Shear thickening is a ubiquitous rheological phenomenon whereby dense suspensions of particles in a fluid exhibit a viscosity increase at high shear, which can turn into a viscosity divergence [discontinuous shear thickening (DST)]. Although macroscopically well characterized, the microscopic origin of DST is still debated, especially in connection to particle surface properties, e.g., roughness and friction. We elucidate here the mechanisms underpinning DST by carrying out nanotribological measurements of the interparticle contacts of model rough colloids. We demonstrate that rough particles exhibit DST over a broader range of shear rates and for volume fractions much lower than for smooth colloids, due to interlocking of surface asperities, showing that taking an engineering-tribology approach is a powerful way to tune DST.