bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routinely Identifying frailty: Implementing the electronic Frailty Index in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank
Authors: Hollinghurst Joe , Akbari Ashley , Rodgers Sarah , Clegg Andrew 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAging populations with increasing frailty have major implications for health services, and evidence-based treatment becomes increasingly important. The development of the electronic Frailty Index (eFI) using routine primary care data facilitatesthe implementation of evidence-based interventions and care.
MethodOur implementation of the eFI in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank identifies frailty based on 1574 Read codes, which are mapped amongst 36 categories known as deficits. The eFI is based on a cumulative deficitmodel, and each deficit contributes equally to the eFI value.
FindingsAlthough each deficit is equally weighted, only one is currently time dependent. We therefore analysed the cumulative prevalence of each deficit on a year-by-year basis. This led to the identification of time bounds for particular deficits, which willhelp to refine future implementations of the eFI. We also further validated the eFI using data from over 400,000 individuals held in SAIL.
ConclusionThe eFI is particularly useful as it uses existing data to identify frailty, meaning no additional resources are required. Furthermore, our implementation is readily available, meaning that future research related to frailty is easily achievable by others.
A method for Linking Multiple De-identified Datasets
Authors: Waugh Andrew , Rowley David , Clarke Auren 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundNational Statistics Institutes have been exploring the value of using administrative data. The Administrative Data Team within the Scotland’s Census 2021 Programme are exploring bringing administrative datasets together to support the censusand produce alternative population estimates.
ObjectivesWe are developing methods to link de-identified administrative datasets, drawing on existing methods.
MethodsOur method uses hashed linking variables, derived from name, address, date of birth and gender. One linking variable is a names correction, produced by comparing names to each name in a reference set and scoring the difference. The scoring algorithm developed considers transpositions, deletions, insertions, substitutions and moves, and is sensitive to the particular letters involved.
Linking variables are combined at run time to produce thousands of matchkeys, allowing more matches to be linked deterministically using hashed data. Overall link strength scores are calculated as a combination of:

Penalties associated with the matchkey, based on the linking variables used, and
Similarity on dates of birth, measured at run time using weighted Bloom Filters.

We concatenate all the datasets and link the resulting dataset to itself. This allows simultaneous linking across all datasets and resolution of duplicate records within each dataset. This results in potentially complex patterns of links. By considering the records and links as a graph we allocaterecords to unique individuals through a vertex colouring algorithm on the complement of each component. The link strength is considered to prioritize allocation.
FindingsClerical review on links made found that those with stronger scores were more likely to be considered a match.
ConclusionsThis linking method is being used and tested further in linking admin datasets for population estimates. We also plan to use it for several linking tasks in the processing of Scotland’s Census 2021.
Cohort study of osteoporosis and fracture risk in Wales: does secondary prevention achieve any benefit?
Authors: North Laura , Davies Llion , Berridge Damon , Walters Angharad , Akbari Ashley , Lyons Ronan 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundOsteoporosis is a global disease with a 30-40% lifetime fracture risk according to the World Health Organisation. Incidence is rising with aging populations; however, medical secondary prevention treatment may reduce fracture risk.
ObjectivesThe primary aim was to investigate if secondary medical prevention treatment following an index fracture was associated with survival and subsequent fracture risk.
MethodsPatients aged ≥60 years with an index fragility fracture at any anatomical location were identified from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank. A population based e-cohort was created by linking fracture data identified from secondary care datasets and the National Hip Fracture Register data, with linkages to primary care datasets for medical prescription and Office for National Statistics records for mortality.
FindingsThe cohort comprised 81,252 cases between April 2009 and December 2016 of median age 78 years and 22,896 (28%) males. Medical secondary prevention treatment was received by 29,393 cases (36%). Subsequent fractures were reported for 10,907 cases (13%) and 29,026 cases (36%) died during the study period.
ConclusionsPreliminary findings identified that <50% of eligible patients receive secondary medical prevention treatment after an index fragility fracture. These findings may help inform and unify treatment pathways for those at risk of fragility fractures.
Parental belief in ‘healthy risk’ lead to fewer child accidents and injuries: fact or fiction?
Authors: Marryat Louise , Frank John 
Published: June 2018

There has been a substantial amount of debate around the role of parental risk aversity in children's health and wellbeing, with results suggesting that, whilst in the short-term, parents may ensure their children's safety, in the longer-term, children's psychological well-being may be compromised, and a lack of activity may result in a range of other poorer outcomes (Little and Wyver, 2008). Whilst some approaches to risk can be seen as extreme, there appears to be a role for healthy, positive risk in parenting (Bundy et al., 2009). Studies to date in this area have mostly comprised a mixture of survey and observational data, with little evidence on the relationship between parental risk aversity and child outcomes, such as accidents and injuries.
The current study explores these associations, using data exploring parental perceptions of risk, taken at ages 3 and 5, from the Growing Up in Scotland birth cohort study, linked with administrative hospital data about child accidents and injuries up to age 11. This paper will investigate results on associations between parental perceptions of risk, and child accidents and injuries, as well as exploring whether these impacts change through early to middle childhood, and whether they differ by socio-economic classification.
The island effect: a sociospatial theory of health.
Authors: Halliday Kathryn 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundBirthweights are found to be significantly greater on Scottish islands compared to mainland Scotland. This ’island effect’ remains even after adjusting for numerous confounding factors (e.g. ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, smoking, pollutants) that dissolve any significant correlation between locations of varying degrees of rurality and birthweight on the mainland. An unexplored factor is therefore indicated to be conferring a protective advantage for maternal/foetal health on the islands.
ObjectivesMy (PhD) project intends to investigate the island effect. Its dominant discourse will concern the social worlds derived from living in communities of such unique physical geography, most notably the islands’ remoteness. I am interested in how the physical and social character of island communities is distinguishable from those on the mainland and may consequently advantage maternal and foetal health via mediating psychosocial mechanisms.
MethodsI have recruited a mixed-methods approach. A quantitative phase will use R coding software to analyse a number of administrative datasets linked to census data obtained from the Scottish Longitudinal Study. Secondly, a more qualitative fieldwork phase will apply immersive, interview and participant observation techniques on three of the islands (Skye, N.Uist, Shetland) in order to enhance the project’s overall insights and subsequent conclusions.
FindingsThis project is pending. Currently in its first of three years allocated for completion, there are no significant outputs to date.
ConclusionsIt is hypothesised that the islands’ physical circumstances may scaffold particular social values and practices that enhance psychosocial benefits gained from greater informational, instrumental, and emotional support that together comprise greater social capital. If this is the case, the project will illustrate the role and importance of place as socially experienced, with meaningful effects upon psychological and (thereby) physical health outcomes.
The relationship between General Practice metrics of multi-morbidity and secondary healthcare utilisation in Wales, UK
Authors: Lyons Jane , Lyons Ronan , Berridge Damon , Akbari Ashley 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesMulti-morbidity and polypharmacy are increasing and interrelated phenomena but are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of these issues, measure the changing prevalence’s of multimorbidity/ polypharmacy and explore the relationship between multimorbidity as recorded in primary care and the use of outpatient services.
MethodsThe Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank facilitated linkage techniques to create population based e-cohorts of de-identified Welsh residents. Individuals were registered to a SAIL providing General Practice (GP) for at least 360 days in 2000 and 2014. Categories of morbidity were created using the 13 Read drug code chapters. In an initial cross sectional exploratory analysis proportional odds and cumulative logit models were used to relate GP recorded morbidities to outpatient attendance patterns in the same year.
FindingsThe GP e-cohorts included 1.6 million (2000) and 2.1 million (2001) people, with 56.6% and 73.4% having ≥1 recorded morbidity for 2000 and 2014, respectively. In 2014, groups with 5+ morbidities were most prevalent (61.3%) in 85+ year olds and least (2.7%) in 5-9 year olds. Some 35% of individuals attended ≥1 outpatient specialty in 2014; 22.4% in 5-9 year olds and 63.2% for 80-84 year olds.
Results from preliminary models showed the number of GP recorded morbidities was strongly related to increasing outpatient attendances at different specialties, OR=15.3 (95%CI:15.1-15.4) of being in a higher outpatient attendance category for the 5+ morbidity group relative to the zero morbidity group.
ConclusionPreliminary analysis has shown large increases in GP recorded multimorbidity across Wales over fifteen years and strong relationships and NHS service utilisation in cross-sectional analyses. Further work will include creating more refined definitions for multimorbidity metrics, linkage to hospital admission data, comparisons across healthcare settings and the development of longitudinal models.
Factors affecting Modern Apprenticeship completion rates in Scotland
Authors: Greig Malcolm 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundCompleting an apprenticeship has been shown to be a critical to an individual’s future employment, earnings and career. International research, notably in England, Australia and Germany, has identified features of the apprentice, employer and training associated with completion. However there has been no comparable research in Scotland, which operates a distinct apprenticeship system. Access to longitudinal data on apprentices in Scotland provides a unique opportunity to examine this.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to look at potential factors associated with successful apprenticeship completion. Specifically, to identify apprentices most likely to complete, those who may require additional support, and to pinpoint good practice in training provision that could help improve completion rates. The paper considers why some apprentices are more likely to complete and discusses policy implications for Scotland and beyond.
MethodsLogistic regression was conducted on administrative records of apprenticeship leavers in Scotland, covering 2007 to 2015. Altogether 78,952 leavers were analysed, consisting of 59,737 completers and 19,215 non-completers. This isolated the impact of each factor on the probability of completion holding other factors constant. This is the first time that extensive administrative data has been used to model apprenticeship completions in Scotland.
FindingsA positive relationship with completion was found for female apprentices and those from less deprived areas, although women were less likely to complete in certain subjects. Apprentices employed by a large employer, training with public sector organisations and in selected technical frameworks were also more likely to complete.
ConclusionsThis research suggests a number of factors that have a significant impact on the chances of completion. It identifies a need to support apprentices identified as most at risk of not completing, and to create an environment more conducive to completion in frameworks and industries where apprentices are more likely to drop out.
The composition of a linked database on administrative healthcare and employment data in Austria
Authors: Endel Florian , Holl Jürgen , Wagner-Pinter Michael 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionIn Austria, healthcare and employment services are organized by different public entities. Therefore, administrative data are dispersed but share a common individual identifier. We present a linked dataset, matching individual information from both administrative ambits for Austria’s second largest province Lower Austria.
MethodsThe linkage procedure is based on a previously published proof of concept [Endel et al. 2016, European Journal of Epidemiology 31, p. S49, DOI:10.1007/s10654-016-0183-1], which is applied on a larger scale for the first time. Utilizing the established link, selected variables are extracted from the respective sources and are merged on a shared infrastructure per project, thus preserving a high level of data protection and privacy.
ResultsThe linked databases cover employment records from 2002 to 2016, including information on, e.g., earnings and education as well as claims data from the health insurance system for 2006 to 2011, including outpatient contacts, inpatient episodes, prescriptions and leaves of absence. Data quality analysis and an in-depth documentation of major characteristics such as diagnoses and medication are prepared.
ConclusionThe resulting matched database provides the foundation for studying the coherence of burden of disease, healthcare services, employment, and earnings for a large population for several years.
Mapping pediatric A&E respiratory presentations with air quality
Authors: Glackin Dermot 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionWest Belfast Partnership Board undertook a collaborative public health investigation to explore what if any correlation exists between air quality and children from the Falls Divis area presenting to RBHSC with a respiratory condition.
BackgroundAn analysis of Emergency Department Attendances showed monthly trend in 2015/16 differed from previous years with a peak in November 2015 which was 27% higher than the number of attendances in November of 2014. The overall increase in 2015/16 across the 4 main paediatric categories was 10%. The increase for respiratory was 34% higher. West Belfast accounted for 32% (248n) of this spike.
There exists a compelling case for linkage between air quality and a range of conditions which is socially patterned. Falls and Divis area appears in the top 3 areas of multiple deprivation.
ApproachWe identified periods of elevated paediatric presentation at A&E with repository compliant and mapped over air quality monitoring data from the same period in the Falls Divis area; Factoring potential incubation time between exposure to potential harmful air pollutants.
ConclusionBased upon a review of air quality data no causal link was established between air quality and periods of elevated presentation of children at A&E with respiratory evident.
Life history traits of Neretva roach Rutilus basak (Heckel, 1843) (Pisces, Cyprinidae): Biological and ecological contribution for biodiversity conservation of freshwater fish.
Authors: Tutman Pero , Matić-Skoko Sanja , Hamzić Adem , Dulčić Jakov , Glamuzina Branko 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper is a review of the relevant scientific literature on the present status, distribution, habitat, ecological traits, population structure and threats of Neretva roach Rutilus basak (Heckel, 1843). The species inhabits a restricted area of the Adriatic Sea watershed in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The major threats are habitat loss caused by significant hydrological changes in the water regime in the area of distribution and the introduction of non-indigenous species. Still, R. basak is quite widespread and often abundant. Information brought together in this study will improve our knowledge about this species.
Identification and characterization of the fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum on necrotic shoots of declining ash in Slovakia
Authors: Ivanová Helena 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Formerly, before the current Hymenoscyphus fraxineus epidemic, symptomatic ash twigs were habitually colonized by fungi occurring occasionally in the early stages of ash diseases. Some of these fungi are endophytes or facultative parasites. The segments of diseased shoots of the studied trees were collected from a seed orchard situated in southwest Slovakia. The frequently isolated fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum was identified microscopically and characterized with the aid of morphological keys. The disease symptoms comprise wood cankers, bud necrosis, and shoot and branch dieback displayed through bleached, necrotic or discoloured canes in infected trees. Despite the Dothiorella species has not yet been recognized to have significant economic consequences, the cumulative effects of various stressful biotic and abiotic factors may induce disorder and decline of ash trees in Slovakia.
Application of Doppler Radar for Wildlife Detection in Vegetation
Authors: Shapoval V. , Lev J. , Bartoška J. , Kumhála F. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The objective of this paper was to test the suitability of Doppler microwave radar for the detection of wild animals hidden in grassland in front of the harvester. The ability of Doppler radar HB100 sensor to detect a dog or a human person hidden behind different types of crops was tested in laboratory conditions. Relative movement between the radar and the observed object was secured by the assembly acting as mathematical pendulum. The radar always moved in front of different crop samples (arranged in two or one line). The dog or human person was situated behind the crop. In five out of seven cases, the sensor was able to detect the human person. Only in two out of seven cases, the sensor was able to detect the dog. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that microwave radar sensor can be a useful device for detection of wild animals in the crop. Next research is needed in order to better explain the influence of disturbing factors on the measurements.
Strength and deformation parameters of boulder clay to design of buildings at the margin of a moraine plateau in Warsaw
Authors: Rabarijoely Simon , Garbulewski Kazimierz 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The selection of soil parameters suitable to the geotechnical design calculations is regarded widely as one of the most important and simultaneously difficult engineering task, which according to the Eurocode 7 standards should be undertaken into distinct three steps. The second of these steps, namely obtaining the characteristic values requires a careful and a cautions estimation with application of the statistical methods even by using a Bayesian approach as shown in this paper. This paper presents the process of selecting a characteristic strength and deformation parameters from CPT and DMT investigation for boulder clays discovered at the margin of a moraine plateau in Warsaw. This layer was chosen for foundations of design academic buildings. In the selection of the characteristic parameters with application of the numerical program BAYANAL the spatial distribution of strength and deformation properties was taken into account. Particular attention was focused to the affect resulting from in situ test locations at different distances from the design facilities. Finally, the remark conclusions were presented including opinion on the role of aims and spacing of investigation points in geotechnical designing.
TURISMO COMUNITARIO DE CORTE URBANO: PERSPECTIVAS PARA EL DESARROLLO DEL TURISMO CULTURAL, SUSTENTADO EN EL PATRIMONIO Y LA IDENTIDAD, EN EL CANTÓN LA LIBERTAD. PROVINCIA DE SANTA ELENA. ECUADOR.
Authors: López Reyes Erick , Colcha G. Lourdes 
Published: June 2018

La noción de “comunitario” se asocia tradicionalmente al turismo para referirse a todo tipo de iniciativas de desarrollo, emprendimiento o innovación, que en este campo de la realidad y entramado social se suelen dar, como “alternativas productivas” en “comunidades rurales” poco favorecidas económicamente. Obviando así, reduccionistamente, toda la implicación y riqueza semántica del término. En la presente investigación se pretende recuperar dicha riqueza, la esencia medular de lo comunitario, aplicado y desarrollado desde los medios urbanos, vinculándolo a elementos que le son propios, tales como la identidad y la memoria, la historia, la cultura y el patrimonio arqueológico e histórico arquitectónico de dichos entornos. Como alternativas plenamente válidas, incluso altamente deseables, de articulación, equilibrio, innovación, diversificación y desarrollo turístico. Para ello se parte de las potencialidades que en estos campos presenta hoy por hoy la ciudad-cantón de La Libertad, provincia de Santa Elena. Ecuador.
Palabras clave: Comunitario, Comunidad Urbana, Patrimonio Arqueológico, Turismo Cultural, Cantón La Libertad-Ecuador.
ABSTRACT
The notion of "community" is traditionally associated with tourism to refer to all kinds of development, entrepreneurship or innovation initiatives, which in this field of reality and social fabric are usually given as "productive alternatives" in less favored “rural communities”. Thereby obviating, all the implication and semantic richness of the term. This paper seeks to recover this wealth, the core essence of the community, applied and developed from the urban media, linking it to elements that are its own, such as identity and memory, history, culture and archaeological heritage and architectural history of such environments. As fully valid, even highly desirable, alternatives for articulation, balance, innovation, diversification and tourism development. To become part of the potentialities that in these fields presents today the city-canton of La Libertad, province of Santa Elena. Ecuador.