bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Information Content of Biodiversity Datasets is Affected by Patterns of Citizen Science Participation both Between and Within Projects
Authors: Pocock Michael , August Tom , Fox Richard , Logie Mark 
Published: July 2019

Citizen science is a powerful way to undertake monitoring of biodiversity, both for detecting rare events (e.g. invasive species, animal and plant health issues or presence of rare species) and assessing trends. However, in order to use citizen science effectively we need to understand better the patterns of people’s participation in projects considering

variation in participation between citizen science approaches and

individual variation in participation within a project.

variation in participation between citizen science approaches and
individual variation in participation within a project.
Here, we particularly focus on the information content of the data collected through citizen science (although we recognise that citizen science has many other benefits, in addition to data collection).
Firstly, we assessed participation in five projects for biodiversity monitoring in the UK, from mass participation to monitoring by volunteer experts, representing up to two thousand people per activity per year. We quantified the patterns of participation (in terms of retention of participants, spatial patterns of participation, and unevenness of contributions per participant - as in the 90:10 rule). We found that the data from mass participation projects were more strongly spatially correlated with human population density and retention of individuals was lower compared to projects targeted on those with existing interest in the subject.
Secondly, we quantified the recording behaviour of recorders in a butterfly citizen science project. We developed this with four thousand users of a smartphone app designed for recording sightings of butterflies in the UK. The majority of these users were active for less than 10 days, a feature common to many citizen science projects. The users who engaged for longer produced most of the records for the project. We characterised their recording behaviour using 11 metrics that describe the variation in temporal and spatial recording behaviour as well as the data they recorded. Results showed that citizen scientists in this project fall on a continuum along 4 main axes describing their behaviour. We then used a 20-year butterfly dataset to assess the contribution of different types of recorders to the overall estimate of biodiversity trends and their precision. Overall, variation in participation, both between projects and between individuals within projects, contributes to variation in the information content (and hence the usefulness) of citizen science datasets. We show how different approaches can provide data to meet different needs for data users and how this understanding can be used to improve analyses of these data, allowing us to better design citizen science activities in the future.
Pourquoi et comment contourner la contrainte budgétaire
Authors: Schnatterer Tinette 
Published: July 2019

Cet article ambitionne de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des conditions de réalisation des promesses électorales, en adoptant une perspective empruntée à l’analyse des politiques publiques, centrée sur les populations cibles , et en mobilisant une stratégie de recherche complémentaire. Alors que la littérature relative aux pledges s’appuie jusqu’ici sur des analyses macro-statistiques, il propose l’étude approfondie d’un cas déviant de promesse tenue : l’engagement de Jacques Chirac à mettre en place une Prestation d’accueil du jeune enfant (PAJE) lors de son second mandat. La première section de cet article revient sur l’historique de la promesse et sur les caractéristiques qui en font un cas déviant de promesse tenue. Nous analysons ensuite le pourquoi de cette réalisation, en montrant qu’elle répond au souci de ménager une clientèle électorale très large. Enfin, nous mettons en évidence que les incitations électorales liées à la prise en compte des populations ciblées par les engagements programmatiques varient en fonction du contexte de compétition politique.
Pour une approche des politiques électorales par les idées
Authors: Ehrhard Thomas , Canelas Rapaz Paulo José 
Published: July 2019

L’article étudie la réduction du nombre de parlementaires en France, au Portugal et au Royaume-Uni. Il vise à en comprendre le sens grâce à une approche discursive et argumentative comparée, réalisée à partir de l’étude d’un large corpus documentaire. Après avoir constaté les limites des approches rationnelles et mathématiques, l’étude des arguments pour et contre la réforme permet de construire deux référentiels, « décisionniste » et « représentativiste », du rôle du Parlement. La question électorale initiale (du nombre) est transfigurée pour devenir une réforme institutionnelle (du Parlement) dont les enjeux en concurrence sont l’utilité et les fonctions. En démontrant que la question du nombre importe moins que les fonctions et les conséquences que les acteurs politiques attribuent à sa baisse, l’article apporte une contribution à la place des idées dans l’analyse des politiques publiques.
Beowulf au paradis
Authors: Gautier Alban 
Published: July 2019

Les autorités et les penseurs chrétiens du Moyen Âge ont, en règle générale, tenu un discours extrêmement négatif à l'égard de ceux qu'ils appelaient les païens, qu'il s'agisse de figures polythéistes du passé ou d'individus professant au présent une autre religion : stupides, brutaux, sans foi ni loi, les païens sont ordinairement donnés pour damnés.

Pourtant, dans l'Europe du Nord entre la fin du vie et le début du xiie siècle, une poignée de personnages ont été reconnus comme de « bons païens » par des auteurs chrétiens : certains sont regardés comme fondateurs, vertueux, voire exemplaires, et il arrive même qu'on laisse entendre que l'un ou l'autre d'eux a pu accéder au salut. Ainsi le poème anglo-saxon Beowulf met en scène des personnages héroïques et positifs, laissant planer le doute sur leur sort ultime, enfer ou paradis. De fait, selon les contextes politiques, sociaux, et culturels, les réponses à ce double problème de la vertu et du salut des païens ont été très variables : ainsi, si certaines sociétés ont rapporté sans trop de réticences l'histoire héroïque de leurs ancêtres païens, d'autres ont été amenées à refouler l'essentiel d'un passé jugé incompatible avec le nouveau contexte religieux.

L'enquête progresse de façon à la fois géographique et chronologique, explorant tour à tour l'Irlande, les marges septentrionales du royaume des Francs, l'Angleterre, le pays de Galles, la Scandinavie et le monde slave occidental. Dans toutes ces régions, la question des bons païens permet d'éclairer la manière dont, au prix d'accommodements et de bricolages théologiques, les sociétés nouvellement converties ont appris à parler d'elles-mêmes à travers le miroir de l'Autre païen.
Job crafting, proactive personality and meaningful work: Implications for employee engagement and turnover intention
Authors: Vermooten Nicola , Boonzaier Billy , Kidd Martin 
Published: July 2019

Orientation: Jobs in the financial services industry are in constant flux because of the ever-changing nature of the products and services provided to customers. This could result in employee disengagement and turnover intention.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the role of job crafting, proactive personality and meaningful work in predicting employee engagement and turnover intention among employees in the financial services industry based on the central tenets of the Job Demands-Resources theory.Motivation for the study: Organisations or incumbents may redesign jobs. The self-initiated proactive behaviour that incumbents exhibit to shape the meaning of their work is known as job crafting. The relationships that exist among job crafting, proactive personality, meaningful work, employee engagement and turnover intention were, therefore, investigated.Research design, approach and method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used to gather primary data in service-providing firms across South Africa (n = 391).Main findings: Results demonstrated that job crafting, proactive personality and meaningful work significantly predict variance in employee engagement and turnover intention.Practical and managerial implications: Specific human resource practices and interventions are proffered to foster job crafting, proactivity and meaningful work and, in doing so, address employee disengagement and turnover intention.Contribution or value-add: The study highlights the importance of encouraging employees to craft their jobs as it has specific implications for prominent work-related outcomes, such as employee engagement and turnover intention, among employees in the financial services industry.
A robust automated technique for operational calibration of ceilometers using the integrated backscatter from totally attenuating liquid clouds
Authors: Hopkin Emma , Illingworth Anthony J. , Charlton-Perez Cristina , Westbrook Chris D. , Ballard Sue 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A simple and robust method for calibrating ceilometers has been
tested in an operational environment, demonstrating that the calibrations are
stable to better than ±5 % over a period of a year. The method
relies on using the integrated backscatter (B) from liquid clouds that
totally extinguish the ceilometer signal; B is inversely proportional to the
lidar ratio (S) of the backscatter to the extinction for cloud droplets. The
calibration technique involves scaling the observed backscatter so that B
matches the predicted value for S of 18.8±0.8 sr for cloud droplets,
at ceilometer wavelengths. For accurate calibration, care must be taken to
only use profiles where the range correction is implemented and to exclude
any profiles having targets with different values of S, such as drizzle
drops and aerosol particles, profiles that do not totally extinguish the
ceilometer signal, profiles with low cloud bases that saturate the receiver,
and any profiles for which the window transmission or the lidar pulse energy
falls below 90 %. A range-dependent multiple-scattering correction that
depends on the ceilometer optics should also be applied to the profile. For
ceilometers operating at around 910 nm wavelength, a simple correction for
water vapour attenuation is applied to the signal using the vapour profiles
from a forecast analysis. For a generic ceilometer in the UK the 90 d
running mean of the calibration coefficient over a period of 20 months is
constant to within 3 % with no detectable annual cycle, thus confirming
the validity of the humidity and multiple-scattering correction. For
Gibraltar, where cloud cover is less prevalent than in the UK, the
90 d
running mean calibration coefficient was constant to within 4 %. The more
sensitive ceilometer model operating at 1064 nm is unaffected by water
vapour attenuation but is more prone to saturation in liquid clouds; such
profiles can be recognised and rejected and, despite the more restricted
sample of cloud profiles, a robust calibration is readily achieved. In the
UK, the running mean 90 d calibration coefficients varied by about 4 %
over a period of 1 year. The consistency of profiles observed by nine
pairs of co-located ceilometers in the UK Met Office network operating at
around 910 and 1064 nm provided independent validation of the calibration
technique. In all cases, if quantitative and reliable backscatter
observations are to be obtained it is essential to keep the window clean.
This may be a challenge in dusty locations. EUMETNET is currently networking
700 European ceilometers so they can provide ceilometer profiles in near
real time to European weather forecast centres and has adopted the cloud
calibration technique described in this paper for ceilometers with a
wavelength of around 910 nm.
A New Hybrid Preconditioner for the Interior Point Method
Authors: Heredia Manolo Rodriguez , Castro Cecilia Orellana , Oliveira Aurélio Ribeiro Leitte 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to improve the computation of the search direction in the primal-dual Interior Point Method through preconditioned iterative methods. It is about a hybrid approach that combines the Controlled Cholesky Factorization preconditioner and the Splitting preconditioner. This approach has shown good results, however, in these preconditioners there are factors that reduce their efficiency, such as faults on the diagonal when performing the Cholesky factorization, as well as a demand for excessive memory, among others. Thus, some modifications are proposed in these preconditioners, as well as a new phase change, in order toimprove the performance of the hybrid preconditioner. In the Controlled Cholesky Factorization, the parameters that control the filling and the correction of the faults which occur on the diagonal are modified. It considers the relationship between the components from Controlled Cholesky Factorization obtained before and after the fault on the diagonal. In the Splitting preconditioner, in turn, a sparse base is constructed through an appropriate ordering of the columns from constrained matrix optimization problem. In addition, a theoretical result is presented, which shows that, with the proposed ordering, the condition number of the preconditioned Normal Equation matrix with the Splitting preconditioner is uniformly limited by an amount that depends only on the original data of the problem and not on the iteration of the Interior Point Method. Numerical experiments with large scale problems, corroborate the robustness and computational efficiency from this approach.
De impact van werken met zedenplegers op de professional
Authors: Wilpert Julia , Keulen-de Vos Marije , De Boeck Minne , Uzieblo Kasia 
Published: July 2019

The impact of working with sex offenders: summary of a symposium
The forensic sector is considered to be a stressful, demanding work environment. Due to the continuous confrontation with disturbing files and challenging clients, (secondary) traumatization and other stressors lurk. Attention to the well-being of the professional working with sex offenders is essential to keep the psychosocial workload under control. However, this appears to be an underexposed topic in practice and literature. To generate more attention, the Dutch-Flemish branch of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (NL-ATSA) organized a symposium on the impact of working with sex offenders. This article is a report of the symposium.
Weerbaarheid jegens ongewenste omgangsvormen op het werk
Authors: Maris Margriet 
Published: July 2019

Resilience against workplace harassment
This article explores the boundary conditions an organization has to take to make the workplace, where all kind of people work together, a safe place. Employers are responsible for a safe working environment according to the Arbowet. The confidential councilor is an important part of the infrastructure against workplace harassment. Next to commitment from the top of the organization, a code of conduct based on the support of the employees, a complaints procedure with access to an independent complains committee, the confidential councilor is key to discover and act on workplace harassment. Not all confidential councilors are trained and aware of the pitfalls of the job. Organizations have to set boundary conditions. For example legal privilege within the organization and some sort of protection against retaliation. The confidential councilor follows the lead of the complainant and can put down the responsibility of solving the issue of harassment at the proper authority within the organization.
Kan man lære at skifte gear? En multimodal tilgang til plot i den litterære tekst
Authors: Holsting Alexandra , Maagaard Cindie Aaen , Nørgaard Nina 
Published: July 2019

Med udgangspunkt i den multimodale socialsemiotik præsenterer denne artikel en multimodal tilgang til narrativ med særlig fokus på plot i den litterære tekst. Vi argumenterer for, at plot som en strukturering af tekstens begivenheder er særligt kendetegnende for den litterære tekst, og at det realiseres multimodalt gennem billede, grafik, verbalsprog, layout og typografi. Gennem en eksemplarisk analyse af Dorthe Nors’ roman Spejl, skulder, blink viser vi dels den multimodale socialsemiotiks udsigelseskraft i forhold til en roman, der ikke eksplicit fremhæver sin multimodalitet, dels de analytiske fordele ved at inddrage plot som et helt centralt element. Artiklens primære bidrag til det socialsemiotiske multimodale forskningsfelt består i at inddrage plotbegrebet i den multimodale analyse og derved belyse, hvordan den narrative kategori plot, der ofte opfattes som en rent verbalsproglig konstruktion designet af forfatteren, kan ses som resultatet af valg truffet gennem forskellige semiotiske ressourcer og på forskellige realisationsniveauer.
Les spécificités du contrôle de gestion dans les pays de l’Europe centrale et orientale : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Paladi Irina , Fenies Pierre 
Published: July 2019

L’objectif de ce papier est d’étudier la littérature sur les pratiques de contrôle de gestion dans les pays ex-communistes de l’Europe Centrale et Orientale (PECO). Ces pays sont classés selon deux critères : le développement économique associé au processus de transition (post-transition/transition) et l’appartenance à l’ex-URSS (soviétique/non-soviétique). L’examen de 115 études empiriques montre divers niveaux de développement de la recherche et des pratiques de contrôle de gestion dans les différentes familles des PECO. Le papier expose la manière dont les études empiriques sont menées et présente les opportunités d’avancement de la recherche dans le domaine du contrôle de gestion contextualisé dans une perspective post-communiste.
L’autoritarisme du verdissement hydroélectrique au Panama : les paradoxes dérégulateurs de l’action climatique vus depuis le Sud
Authors: Lacuisse Marie-Esther 
Published: July 2019

Cet article interroge les effets dérégulateurs du Mécanisme de développement propre (MDP). Créé en 2001 par les Nations Unies, ce mécanisme incite les pays industrialisés soumis à des objectifs de réduction d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans le cadre du protocole de Kyoto à investir dans les énergies non polluantes au Sud en échange de crédits-carbone. L’objectif de ce « verdissement énergétique » est de favoriser la réduction du réchauffement climatique et de stimuler un développement durable au Sud, notion répondant à des buts de justice environnementale et de protection des ressources. À partir du cas du développement de l’énergie hydroélectrique au Panama, cet article montre à l’encontre de cette justification que les critères de la certification propre soutiennent des pratiques économiques ultralibérales qui s’opposent aux principes du développement durable et qui sont à même de conforter des politiques de développement autoritaire. Il donne à voir de ce fait que la valorisation de l’enjeu climatique permet de réaffirmer les principes de la théorie de la modernisation dans le champ du développement en affaiblissant des initiatives durables antérieures. Dans ce cadre, cet article ouvre une réflexion sur les enjeux économiques et politiques de cet effet de régression au regard de la problématique de la souveraineté gouvernementale au Sud. Il développe une sociologie compréhensive du MDP à partir de conflits locaux autour des barrages au Panama. Il valorise une approche analytique depuis la réception, ce qui contribue à approfondir la théorie critique sur ce mécanisme, jusqu’ici principalement étudié depuis ses caractéristiques techniques.
‘Los hòmens no són perfets’: revelacions dels processos de fiscalització institucional
Authors: Capdeferro Josep , San Miguel Adrià 
Published: July 2019

Resum: Els processos de visita o fiscalització d’una institució poden donar informacions molt valuoses sobre l’exercici de les seves competències regulars i sobre els seus engranatges interns de poder i de gestió; també sobre aspectes tangencials o col·laterals inesperats, que sovint reflecteixen disfuncions de funcionament, per exemple apropiacions temporals per part de càrrecs públics d’esclaus o forçats institucionals per a usos privats. La Diputació del General, amb amplis poders fiscals, financers, jurídico-polítics i defensius a la Catalunya moderna, comptà amb un mecanisme de retiment de comptes força sofisticat al seu temps. Gràcies a la informació que llegà, fins i tot es poden conèixer processos instruïts arran de denúncies de persones que consideraven que algun càrrec o oficial públic havia abusat de la seva autoritat o actuat amb prepotència. Es reflecteix, així, que existia una ètica del servei públic i no respectar-la es considerava reprobable.

Paraules clau: Visita, Diputació del General, Catalunya, edat moderna, funcionaris, poder

Abstract: In early modern Catalonia, every three years a powerful provincial representative institution called Diputació del General or Generalitat was subject to a strict accountability procedure which lasted nine months. Many records from these procedures provide us with priceless data about the fiscal, financial and political regular functions of the institution. They also inform us that some officials better cared about themselves than about the organism they were supposed to work for in unexpected ways such as using public slaves for private purposes. Through these records, especially testimonies at trial, we perceive that common people understood quite well what was the attitude that public officers were socially required to keep towards citizens. Arrogant behaviours were thus reprobated, such as other sorts of abuse of power.

Keywords: Catalonia, Generalitat, 17th century, Public service, Political Institutions, Accountability