bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aryl Radical‐Mediated Alkenylation of Alkyl Halides
Authors: Chaambi Ahmed , Kurtay Gülbin , Abderrahim Raoudha , Robert Frédéric , Landais Yannick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe free‐radical alkenylation of a range of alkyl iodides with a vinyldisulfones has been carried out, leading to the desired vinylsulfones in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. The process is initiated by an aryl radical which abstracts the iodine atom from the alkyl iodide to form a C‐centered radical intermediate, the addition of which onto the vinyldisulfone providing the final vinylsulfone. The aryl radical is generated in situ through a single‐electron transfer from an electron donor‐acceptor complex (EDA) formed between a diaryliodonium salt (Ph2I+ PF6−) and triethylamine.
Outcome of Teriparatide Treatment on Fracture Healing Complications and Symptomatic Bone Marrow Edema in Four Adult Patients With Hypophosphatasia
Authors: Schmidt Tobias , Rolvien Tim , Linke Carolin , Jandl Nico Maximilian , Oheim Ralf , Amling Michael , Barvencik Florian 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe response to teriparatide has been described in very few cases of hypophosphatasia (HPP). In this cross‐sectional study, we report the prevalence of symptomatic bone marrow edema (BME) and fracture healing complications in a large cohort of childhood and adult HPP patients and discuss the results of teriparatide treatment in four cases. From 2016 to 2018, 51 patients with a diagnosis of HPP were seen at our institution. The diagnosis of HPP was established by low serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), elevated serum pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate (PLP), at least one typical clinical symptom of HPP and supported by ALPL mutation analysis. In this study cohort, 28 (56%) and 14 (27%) patients had a history of fracture or a history of BME, respectively. Four patients, including middle‐aged to elderly women and men who all presented with persistent symptomatic BME or fracture healing complications, were treated with teriparatide. DXA was performed prior to treatment and laboratory values were measured on a regular basis during treatment. Treatment with teriparatide showed variable effects in terms of clinical and biochemical response. Although all four patients displayed a temporary increase in ALP activity, only two patients with a mild form of adult HPP and moderately increased PLP levels showed definite clinical and radiological improvement after teriparatide treatment. In conclusion, fracture healing complications and BME occur frequently in HPP patients. Teriparatide shows variable clinical and biochemical effects depending on the severity of the disease. PLP levels and the number of ALPL alleles might be good parameters to predict treatment outcomes. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Glycemic Control and Insulin Treatment Alter Fracture Risk in Older Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lee Richard H , Sloane Richard , Pieper Carl , Lyles Kenneth W , Adler Robert A , Van Houtven Courtney , LaFleur Joanne , Colón-Emeric Cathleen 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus among older men has been associated with increased bone mineral density but paradoxically increased fracture risk. Given the interactions among medication treatment, glycemic control, and diabetes-associated comorbidities, the relative effects of each factor remains unclear. This retrospective study includes 652,901 male veterans aged ≥65 years with diabetes and baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) value. All subjects received primary care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) from 2000 to 2010. Administrative data included ICD9 diagnoses and pharmacy records and was linked to Medicare fee-for-service data. Hazard ratios (HR) for any clinical fracture and hip fracture were calculated using competing risk hazards models, adjusted for fracture risk factors including age, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), alcohol and tobacco use, rheumatoid arthritis, corticosteroid use, as well as diabetes-related comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and peripheral neuropathy. HbA1c &lt;6.5% was associated with a higher risk of any clinical fracture (HR = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.11) compared with the reference HbA1c of 7.5% to 8.5%. Fracture risk was not increased among those with A1c ≥8.5%, nor among those with A1c 6.5% to 7.5%. Use of insulin was independently associated with greater risk of fracture (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.12). There was a significant interaction between insulin use and HbA1c level, (p &lt; 0.001), such that those using insulin with HbA1c &lt;6.5% had HR = 1.23 and those with HbA1c 6.5% to 7.5% had HR = 1.15. Metformin use was associated with decreased fracture risk (HR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.87–0.90). We conclude that among older men with diabetes, those with HbA1c lower than 6.5% are at increased risk for any clinical and hip fracture. Insulin use is associated with higher fracture risk, especially among those with tight glycemic control. Our findings demonstrate the importance of the treatment regimen and avoiding hypoglycemia for fracture prevention in older men with diabetes. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
One‐pot synthesis of highly functionalized benzo [1,3] thiazine from isocyanides, aniline, and heterocumulene via Cu‐catalyzed intramolecular C‐H activation reactions
Authors: Dastjerdi Hossein F. , Nematpour Manijeh , Rezaee Elham , Jahani Mehdi , Tabatabai Sayyed A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of functionalized benzo thiazine derivatives via a Cu‐catalyzed, multicomponent reaction of isocyanides, aniline, and heterocumulenes in acetonitrile at room temperature was developed. Transition metal‐catalyzed activation of C‐H bonds under mild copper‐catalytic reaction conditions, using simple and available starting materials, also obtaining a pure product with high yield without applying column chromatography are the major advantages of the applied method among the other ones used for this purpose. The structures are confirmed spectroscopically (1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, IR, and EI‐MS) and through elemental analyses.
Identification and diagnostic value of pleural fluid periostin and serum periostin of malignant pleural effusions in patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Junjun , Fu Jiali , Shen Qiang , Zhang Fan , Wang Yumin , Wu Ling Ling 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundLimited data are available for the diagnostic value, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of pleural fluid periostin (pPOSTN) and serum periostin (sPOSTN) in malignant pleural effusion (MPE) caused by non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe collected 84 pleural effusion samples, including 44 cases of MPE caused by NSCLC and 40 cases of benign pleural effusions (BPEs) from August 2018 to January 2019. The pPOSTN, sPOSTN, pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), pleural effusion adenosine deaminase (pADA), pleural effusion total protein (pTP), pleural fluid glucose (pGLU), pleural effusion leukocyte count (pWBC), pleural effusion red cell count (pRBC), pleural effusion carbohydrate antigen 199 (pCA199), pleural fluid carbohydrate antigen 125 (pCA125), pleural effusion ferritin (pFer), serum total protein (sTP), and serum C‐reactive protein (sCRP) were tested, and the obtained data were analyzed by statistical software.ResultsCompared to the BPE group, the pPOSTN level in the MPE group was observably lower, while the levels of sPOSTN, sPOSTN/pADA, pCA199/pADA, and pCA199/pPOSTN increased. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) (=0.844, 0.847, 0.841) of sPOSTN/pADA, pCA199/pADA, and pCA199/pPOSTN (cutoff = 11.86, 0.244, 0.015) was observably higher than other indicators for the diagnosis of MPE caused by NSCLC. Thus, the combined detection of pPOSTN, pCA125/pPOSTN, and pCA125/sCRP suggested that the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity was 0.912%, 95.45%, and 77.50% at the cutoff 0.317 and diagnostic performance was higher than sPOSTN/pADA or pCA199/pADA or pCA199/pPOSTN.ConclusionCombined detection of sPOSTN/pADA, pCA199/pADA, and pCA199/pPOSTN can be used as a good indicator for MPE caused by NSCLC.
Protective effects of irisin on hypoxia‐reoxygenation injury in hyperglycemia‐treated cardiomyocytes: Role of AMPK pathway and mitochondrial protection
Authors: Fan Jiamao , Zhu Qing , Wu Zhenhua , Ding Jiao , Qin Shuai , Liu Hui , Miao Pengfei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent evidence has verified the cardioprotective actions of irisin in different diseases models. However, the beneficial action of irisin on hypoxia‐reoxygenation (HR) injury under high glucose stress has not been described. Herein our research investigated the influence of irisin on HR‐triggered cardiomyocyte death under high glucose stress. HR model was established in vitro under high glucose treatment. The results illuminated that HR injury augmented apoptotic ratio of cardiomyocyte under high glucose stress; this effect could be abolished by irisin via modulating mitochondrial function. Irisin treatment attenuated cellular redox stress, improved cellular ATP biogenetics, sustained mitochondria potential, and impaired mitochondrion‐related cell death. At the molecular levels, irisin treatment activated the 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and the latter protected cardiomyocyte and mitochondria against HR injury under high glucose stress. Altogether, our results indicated a novel role of irisin in HR‐treated cardiomyocyte under high glucose stress. Irisin‐activated AMPK pathway and the latter sustained cardiomyocyte viability and mitochondrial function.
Pollen micromorphological analysis of tribe Acacieae (Mimosaceae) with LM and SEM techniques
Authors: Khan Shahzeb U. , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Anjum Farida , Sultana Shazia , Kilic Omer , Ozdemir Fethi A. , Nazir Abdul , Yaseen Ghulam , Aabidin Sheikh Z. U. , Abbas Qamar , Ahmad Manzoor , Ullah Farhat , Majeed Salman 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe morphology of pollen grains of the 06 species of tribe Acacieae (Mimosaceae) belonging to one genus were investigated using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and light microscopic (LM) approach. Lactic acid acetolysis method was used for (LM) while non‐acetolysis for (SEM). The species were examined for the both qualitative and quantitative palynological features. Qualitatively the pollen was studied for the shape, exine sculpturing, pollen shape, and pollen type. Oblate spheroidal shape of pollen was observed in Accacia modesta. Subprolate shape in Accaca nilotica. In Accacia farnesiana, prolate pollen was examined while prolate spheroidal in Acacia tortilis and spheroidal pollen grains were studied in Acacia catechu, respectively. Pollen exine sculpturing of the studied tribe possesses novel variation. Foveolate, reticulate, foveolate‐psilate, faint reticulate, fossulate, perforate, and scrabate exine sculpturing were noticed. Colpi were absent in all species. Excessive variation was observed in both qualitative and quantitative character of pollen. SPSS software was use for the quantitative measurement of the pollen grains. The current study will be helpful for the identification of the problematic species and phylogenetic studies of family Mimosaceae.
Morphological characterization and distribution of antennal sensilla of Diaphania angustalis Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Jing , Chen Dong‐Yu , Chao Xue‐Ting , Dong Zi‐Shu , Huang Zong‐You , Zheng Xia‐Lin , Lu Wen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Diaphania angustalis Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the main defoliator of Alstonia schalaris. In this article, observation of external morphological and ultrastructure structure of adult antennae of D. angustalis was carried out using the scanning and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that both male and female antennae were filiform and could be divided into scape, pedicel, and flagellum. There are eight types and two subtypes of antennal sensilla, namely, sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica (I & II), sensilla coeloconica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla squamiformia, capitate peg, and Böhm bristles. Most sensilla are concentrated in venter and the sides of antennae. Analyses on morphological and quantitative differences of antennal sensilla between male and female adults. The size of SCo is significantly different between male and female. In terms of quantity, only SSt and CP have no significant differences between male and female. By comparing the existing antennal sensilla of Crambidae, it is found that STr, SCh, SCo, and SAu are common sensilla. These results can contribute to further research on the function of sensilla of D. angustalis relating to its behavior.

A detailed description is provided of the antennal sensilla in Diaphania angustalis.

Diaphania angustalis has the rare sensilla of capitate peg in Crambidae.
No sexual dimorphism of sensillum types is found in the species.
The number and distribution of sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla auricillica sensillum are different.
Microscopic techniques used for the identification of medicinal plants: A case study of Senna
Authors: Shaheen Shabnum , Jaffer Mehwish , Khalid Sana , Khan Muhammad Asaf , Hussain Khadim , Butt Muhammad Moeen , Rauf Siddiqui Abdul , Ashfaq Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Khan Farah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of quality control tool for adulteration of Senna (Cassia aungustifolia) a pharmaceutically very important. They were used for multiple health disorders such as constipation, indigestion, epilepsy, asthma, piles, migraine, and heart problems. Two different species of same family or same genus used commercially in Indo‐Pak using the same medicine name Senna. One named as Senna (C. aungustifolia) and its adulterant named as Sickle Senna (Cassia obtusifolia).MethodologyThese two plants were analyzed using classical microscopic techniques light microscopy and the modern chemotaxonomic traits scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence studies and phytochemical studies.ResultsThe C. aungustifolia L. had found to be a perennial herb with trilobed pollen, diacytic, paracytic, and anisocytic stomata having smooth walled epidermal cells, whereas the C. obtusifolia stands out as a perennial shrub with spheroidal and circular pollen and paracytic type of stomata having irregular shaped epidermal cells. The powdered drug of C. aungustifolia is dark grayish green, whereas the powdered drug of C. obtusifolia is light green in color. Investigation and other techniques used in this project provided the basis for the authentication of this species.
Tritiodefluorination of alkyl C–F groups
Authors: Brož Břetislav , Marek Aleš 
Published: July 2019

A straightforward methodology of fluorine substitution by tritium/deuterium is reported. The described method is selective towards the F─C (sp3) group and leaves both the aromatic F─C (sp2) and F2─C (sp3) moieties unaffected. Alkylfluorides, readily synthesized from appropriate alcohols by treatment with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) reagent in an overall yield up to 76%, undergoes activation with the boron‐based Lewis acid B(C6F5)3, and stoichiometric in situ reduction with a tritide/deuteride reagent—the [TMP2(3)H][2(3)HB(C6F5)3] system of frustrated Lewis pair. This methodology provides an isolated yield of up to 93% of regio‐specifically labeled small organic compounds with superior 2H‐enrichment of over 95%. The specific activity of prepared 1‐(2‐[3H]‐ethyl)naphthalene was determined at 29.0 Ci/mmol. The site selectivity of the Lewis acid/ [TMP2(3)H][2(3)HB(C6F5)3] approach is orthogonal to currently used methods and allows for isotopic labeling of complementary positions in molecules. Reported labeling methodology proceeds well at ultra‐mild reaction conditions (220 mbar of T2), allowing very low consumption of the radioactive source (4.2 Ci/156 GBq), and producing limited amount of radioactive waste.
Prevalence of Fabry disease in male dialysis patients: Argentinean screening study
Authors: Frabasil Joaquín , Durand Consuelo , Sokn Silvia , Gaggioli Daniela , Carozza Patricia , Carabajal Ricardo , Politei Juan , Schenone Andrea B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFabry disease (FD) is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by enzyme Alpha‐Galactosidase A (α‐Gal‐A) deficiency, due mutations in GLA gene. Progressive glycolipid accumulation leads to damage in kidney and other organs. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Fabry disease in Argentinean male patients undergoing dialysis.MethodsA prospective screening study was carried out measuring the α‐Gal‐A activity in dried blood spot (DBS) samples of male patients undergoing dialysis from Argentina. Those patients in which DBS α‐Gal‐A level was low (<4.0 μmol/hr/L), underwent GLA genetic testing for diagnosis confirmation.ResultsNine thousand six hundred and four dialysis male patients from 264 centers distributed over 20 of the 23 provinces of Argentina were investigated. Twenty‐four patients showed a decreased or absent α‐Gal‐A activity in DBS and although genetic analysis found a variant in the GLA gene in every one of these patients, we could confirm FD diagnosis in 22 cases.ConclusionThe prevalence rate of FD found in Argentinean male dialysis patients was 0.23%. Classic phenotype was observed in 73% of patients, whereas the remaining 27% presented as late‐onset variant. This was the largest study carried out in dialysis patients from a same country at a worldwide level and the first study performed in Argentina.
Coffee mucilage impact on young coffee seedlings and soil microorganisms
Authors: Castaño Martha Isabel León , Jannoura Ramia , Joergensen Rainer Georg 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA greenhouse pot experiment was carried out to assess the effects of fermented coffee mucilage applied as mulch together with maize leaves on the growth of young coffee plants of two different varieties and on soil microbial biomass indices. The coffee variety Catuai required 32% more water per g plant biomass than the variety Yellow Caturra, but had a 49% lower leaf area, 34% less shoot and 46% less root biomass. Maize and mucilage amendments did not affect leaf area, shoot and root yield, or the N concentration in shoot and root dry matter. The amendments always reduced the water use efficiency values, but this reduction was only significant in the maize+mucilage‐14 (= 14 g mucilage pot−1) treatment. Soil pH significantly increased from 4.30 in the control to 4.63 in the maize+mucilage‐14 treatment. Microbial biomass C increased by 18.5 µg g−1 soil, microbial biomass N by 3.1 µg g−1 soil, and ergosterol by 0.21 µg g−1 soil per g mucilage added pot−1. The presence of mucilage significantly reduced the microbial biomass‐C/N ratio from a mean of 13.4 in the control and maize treatments to 9.3, without addition rate and coffee variety effects. The application of non‐composted mucilage is recommended in areas where drought leads to economic losses and in coffee plantations on low fertility soils like Oxisols, where Al toxicity is a major constraint.
Investigating release kinetics of phenolics from defatted wheat germ incorporated chewing gums
Authors: Özdoğan Ayşe , Gunes Recep , Palabiyik Ibrahim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat germ (WG) is a valuable by‐product of the commercial milling industry and is used as a functional ingredient in various foods. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to utilize defatted wheat germ (DWG) (1%, 3%, 5%, 10%) in chewing gum formulation, which is a different food matrix besides the conventional structures, and investigate the release kinetics of phenolics from DWG incorporated chewing gums with a new centrifugation method.RESULTSAccording to the results, it was observed that DWG was a good source of total phenolics (2254.15 mg GAE kg−1). Based on the results obtained from texture profile and sensory analyses, DWG addition did not cause any reverse effect on the chewing gum texture. Centrifugation method was used to indirectly simulate the physical effects of the chewing process. In particular, after 5 min of chewing and centrifugation, phenolic release levels were 59.07% and 59.41%, respectively. The model used in the previous studies showed a better correlation than Korsmeyer–Peppas model for ABTS (2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid), CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), and DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) assay results.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that phenolics release from gum base polymer matrix might be dominated by erosion of matrix due to chewing action. Similar phenolic release kinetics were obtained by centrifugation and chewing methods. Therefore, centrifuge equipment can be used to simulate the chewing forces acting on the gum when optimization is performed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Curved OLED microdisplays
Authors: Maindron Tony , Chambion Bertrand , Provost Marion , Vandeneynde Aurélie , Peray Patrick , Zussy Marc , Dechamp Jérôme , Rossat Cyrille , Gonnin Stéphanie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTechnical background for CMOS substrate thinning of CEA‐LETI (historically developed for through silicon via technology as well as for more recent activity to provide curved image sensors, for IR as well as for visible spectra) has been applied to realize curved OLED‐based microdisplays. It will be shown that test OLEDs made onto silicon wafers as well as 873 × 500 WVGA, 0.38″ diagonal, and an innovative 1920 × 1200 WUXGA, 1″diagonal, CMOS‐based microdisplays can be curved at R = 45 mm radius of curvature (1D) with no negative impact onto the circuit electrical characteristics. This feature can allow significant innovation on the system and application because it can help to redesign simpler and lighter optical engine systems, in the same manner as for curved image sensors. These results can be obtained owing to the integration of a new protective hard coat layer that has been used in conjunction with a robust thin‐film encapsulation to protect OLEDs from mechanical ingress (from process steps and handling) and oxidizing gas of the atmosphere, respectively. Results have been produced within the framework of the EU‐funded, H2020 project, called Large cost‐effective OLED MIcroDisplays (LOMID and their applications).