bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of pregnancy outcomes among women with and without threatened miscarriage in the first trimester in Abakaliki Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nwafor Johnbosco Ifunanya , Onuchukwu Victor Jude Uchenna , Obi Vitus Okwuchukwu , Ugoji Darlinghton-Peter Chibuzor , Onwe Blessing Idzuinya , Ibo Chukwunenye Chukwu , Obi Chuka Nobert 
Published: August 2019

Background:Threatened miscarriage is the commonest complication of pregnancy and has been aBackground: Threatened miscarriage is the commonest complication of pregnancy and has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the association between threatened miscarriage and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study undertaken at the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. The study involved 228 women presenting with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester and 228 asymptomatic matched controls. The statistical analysis was done using Epi info version 7.1.5, March 2015 (CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA).Results: Women with threatened miscarriage were more likely to have preterm delivery (OR = 7.1, 95% CI = 3.51-14.32, P <0.0001), placenta praevia (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.13 - 5.26, P = 0.03), placental abruption (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.40 - 9.03, P = 0.01) and retained placenta (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.18 - 6.97, P = 0.02). Similarly, women with first trimester threatened miscarriage were more likely to develop postpartum haemorrhage (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.17 - 5.06, P = 0.02). There was no significant differences in the stillbirth rate, Apgar scores at 5 minutes less than 7, admission into neonatal intensive care unit and early neonatal death. Threatened miscarriage was associated with intrauterine growth restriction (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.77 - 6.88, P <0.0001) and low birth weight <2.kg (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.33 - 7.69, P = 0.01).Conclusions: Women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the risk factors should be taken into consideration when deciding upon antenatal surveillance and management of their pregnancies.
Gradual distraction for treatment of severe knee flexion contractures using the Ilizarov’s apparatus
Authors: Sud Ajay Deep , Kaul Rajiv , Prasad Manish , Pande Hrishikesh , Philip Vivek M. 
Published: August 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Knee flexion contractures result in a significant amount of functional disability due to reduced mobility and limb length discrepancy. Treatment options include non-surgical methods like serial casting, dynamic splinting and traction or surgical methods like osteotomies and soft tissue procedures. External fixation has emerged as a highly successful means of achieving controlled gradual correction of joint contractures with low rates of complications including recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome in terms of residual deformity and change in ambulatory status following correction using the Ilizarov’s apparatus.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 12 patients with knee flexion contractures ranging from 20°-70° underwent correction using the Ilizarov’s external fixator (IEF). The use of simple mathematic formulae enabled us to calculate and estimate the rate and duration of distraction. End results were assessed at one year by the residual contracture as: Excellent: 0-5°, Good: 6-15°, Fair: 16-30° and Poor: &gt;30°.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The functional assessment was graded as excellent in 7, good in 4 and fair in 1 out of 12 patients. All patients were independent ambulators and only 1 out of 12 patients required an additional orthosis for maintenance of the correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The IEF is a safe and precise modality even for the most complex contractures of the knee. Accurate placement of the hinges along the center of rotation of the knee avoids undue subluxation of the tibia during correction. In order to ensure a low rate of complications, it is imperative to have a detailed pre-operative plan and all principles of fixation should be meticulously adhered to. </p>
De los retos a las ideas y de las ideas a la innovación
Authors: Luque Diana 
Published: August 2019

Diseñadores, artistas, científicos, pensadores; la comunidad académica en la Universidad El Bosque tiene un mismo objetivo: que los resultados de una investigación vayan más allá de un marco teórico para que puedan ser aplicados en la realidad. Que las ideas no queden en los salones de clase, la biblioteca o los laboratorios sino que todas las personas puedan sacar provecho de ello. Los biciparqueaderos de la Universidad El Bosque son el ejemplo perfecto de ello, de cómo una idea de diseño y creatividad puede solucionar una necesidad, volverse una realidad para que todos la usen y se apropien de ella. Pero además, esta idea y su aplicación se convirtieron en la primera patente de invención que tiene la Universidad.
¿Cómo se logra que un problema pase a ser una idea, de ahí a una solución y de ahí a una patente? Les contamos el proceso que vivieron los integrantes del Centro de Diseño y Comunicación con la ayuda de la Vicerrectoría Administrativa y la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones a través del Centro de Transferencia de Resultados de Investigación (CETRI).
Justicia constitucional, deliberación y democracia en Colombia: Jeremy Waldron reflexivo en Bogotá
Authors: Roa Roa Jorge Ernesto 
Published: August 2019

Este artículo contesta el argumento de Jeremy Waldron en contra de la revisión judicial de las leyes. La tesis principal del artículo es que las cuatro condiciones waldronianas (core of the case) necesarias para que exista una sociedad bien ordenada son demasiado exigentes para el sistema democrático de Colombia. Por esa razón, las objeciones formuladas por Waldron al control de constitucionalidad no son aplicables al caso colombiano. Solo una interpretación excesivamente minimalista de las cuatro condiciones de una sociedad core of the case permitiría aplicar esa crítica al control de constitucionalidad en Colombia. Además, el artículo mantiene que el argumento de Waldron resulta afectado por una paradoja. Esta consiste en que una interpretación exigente de las cuatro condiciones del core of the case deja fuera a la mayor parte de las democracias del mundo. Por el contrario, una interpretación flexible de esas condiciones aumenta el potencial aplicativo de las objeciones waldronianas, pero les resta fuerza. El artículo demuestra que, en contextos que apenas satisfacen las cuatro condiciones bajo mínimos, el control de constitucionalidad puede resultar necesario y útil para el propio sistema democrático con el fin de superar las cargas de inercia y los puntos ciegos del proceso legislativo que afectan la protección efectiva de los derechos constitucionales. En estos casos, los jueces ordenan remedios directos que no pueden ser objeto de reproche democrático en virtud de que el propio legislador ha defraudado las expectativas respecto del rol que le corresponde dentro de la organización política.
Do “Interactive” Educational Technologies Promote Interactive Literacy Instruction?
Authors: Lovell-Johnston Meridith Ann 
Published: August 2019

This article explores the concept of lesson interactivity within six primary and elementary teachers’ use of whole-class and personal digital devices over multiple lessons including Interactive Whiteboards, data projectors, laptop computers, and others. The analysis focuses on the differences between technical vs pedagogic interactivity (Smith, Higgins, Wall, & Miller, 2005) where technical interactivity refers to direct tactile interaction with technology and pedagogic interactivity refers to the interaction between teachers, students, and lesson content which may occur with or without technology use. Technical interactivity varied in duration between teachers and lessons, but teachers’ use of whole-class devices typically exceeded students’ use. Use of personal devices by students was infrequent, and often supported the content displayed on a whole-class device. In terms of pedagogic interactivity facilitated by technology use, the most frequent activities were teacher-directed questioning and guided practice, during which the teachers had a correct answer or method in mind. Use of deeper pedagogic interaction through discussion, student inquiry, or research were not observed. Teachers expressed that they faced barriers to interactive technology use including program and resource constraints as well as lack of teacher comfort with technology. This research was conducted following Tri-Council guidelines for the Ethical Conduct of Research Involving Humans. It has passed the research ethics board of two universities and two school districts.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE JABUTICABAS (CV. SABARÁ), SUBMETIDAS AO ARMAZENAMENTO REFRIGERADO E ACONDICIONADAS EM DIFERENTES EMBALAGENS
Authors: Morgado Cristiane Maria Ascari , Guariglia Bruna Ariel Dias , Trevisan Marcos José , Façanha Rafaela Vieira , Jacomino Angelo Pedro , Corrêa Gilmarcos de Carvalho , Cunha Junior Luis Carlos 
Published: August 2019

A jabuticaba [Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell) Berg] ‘Sabara’ é um fruto muito apreciado in natura, pelo seu sabor adocicado, porém é extremamente perecível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar embalagens para a conservação dos frutos sob refrigeração. Os frutos foram colhidos no ponto de consumo, lavados, higienizados, acondicionados nas embalagens PET com tampa Neoform N-90©; PVC 12 micras; PD- 900®; PEBD 15 micras; PP 10 micras; Controle (sem embalagem) e armazenados em câmara fria a 12º  1ºC e 85  5%UR. As embalagens reduziram a perda de massa e mantiveram a firmeza das jabuticabas. O filme de PVC proporcionou melhor conservação de ácido ascórbico e luminosidade dos frutos. A atmosfera passiva no interior das embalagens PEBD e PP apresentaram as maiores concentrações de CO2 e menores de O2 do que as outras embalagens, afetando de maneira negativa a conservação das jabuticabas. A embalagem PVC de 12 micras, associada à refrigeração apresentou bons resultados para conservação das jabuticabas ‘Sabará’.
Palavras-chave: Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell) Berg, embalagem, refrigeração.
EFEITO DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE PROGRAMAS DE SINALIZAÇÃO PARA PREVENÇÃO DE ACIDENTES VIÁRIOS NA RODOVIA FEDERAL BR-153/TO
Authors: Marques Jordana Tomaz , Pereira Lilian dos Santos Fontes 
Published: August 2019

Tendo em vista a necessidade de um planejamento estratégico para melhorar a segurança viária, alguns programas foram criados pelo Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes (DNIT) a fim de reduzir o número de acidentes nas rodovias. O Programa Nacional de Segurança e Sinalização Rodoviária (BR-Legal) e o Programa de Contratação de Restauração (CREMA) foram criados com a finalidade de assegurar a implantação e manutenção estruturada da sinalização nas rodovias e garantir a manutenção e restauração regular das pistas, auxiliando na redução da severidade e do número de acidentes de trânsito. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os resultados da implantação do CREMA e do BR Legal na rodovia federal do estado do Tocantins, BR-153, uma importante rodovia do Brasil. Para tanto, foram comparados dados de acidentes entre trechos com e sem implantação dos programas. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados da Polícia Rodoviária Federal (PRF) referente aos anos de 2007 a 2017, para a coleta dos registros dos acidentes. O estudo se concentrou na análise de acidentes com causas relacionadas à sinalização. Após a implantação dos programas, a linha de tendência nos registros de acidentes apresenta uma redução, com queda de 6% na taxa de acidentes no período analisado.
MANCHA-BACTERIANA DA MANGUEIRA (XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV. MANGIFERAEINDICAE)
Authors: Araujo Mirelle Ribeiro , Leão Geovanka Marcelle Aguiar , Silva Raul da Conceição Alves da , Oliveira Adriana Idalina Torcato , Silva Juliana Fonseca Oliveira da 
Published: August 2019

A vida pós-colheita da manga é limitada pela deterioração fisiológica causada pelo excessivo amadurecimento da fruta e pelo desenvolvimento de patógenos que ocasionam podridões. A Mancha angular é provocada pelo microrganismo Xanthomonas campestris PV mangiferaeindicae é uma doença que ataca ramos, folhas, inflorescências e frutos da mangueira, em períodos úmidos prolongado. A crescente preocupação com o conceito de qualidade mercadológica e a preservação do ambiente têm aumentado a procura por frutas saudáveis e sem resíduos de agroquímicos, havendo uma necessidade crescente de estratégias de controle alternativas. A primeira medida de controle é a escolha do local, deve-se evitar locais sob influência de grandes massas de água, como represas das hidroelétricas, pois criam um ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento da bactéria. A segunda medida é o uso de mudas sadias e de viveiros localizados em regiões onde a doença não ocorra. Várias pesquisas estudam a estrutura química e a atividade antimicrobiana natural de plantas, frutos, hortaliças, grãos e ervas. Os esforços têm-se concentrado na utilização de recursos naturais como extratos e óleos essenciais.
Palavras-chave: Xanthomonas campestris, manga, controle biológico.
Low heart rate variability predicts stroke and other complications in the first six postoperative months after a hip fracture operation.
Authors: Ernst Gernot , Watne Leiv Otto , Frihagen Frede , Wyller Torgeir Bruun , Dominik Andreas , Rostrup Morten 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

1-year mortality after hip fractures is underestimated and is reported as 25%. An improved risk stratifying could contribute to a better follow up of these patients. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is an easy point-of-care investigation and is used in cardiology, endocrinology and perioperative care. This observational study intended to explore relevant associations between HRV parameters and 6-months mortality and morbidity after a hip fracture.

Methods

165 patients admitted to two hospitals were included and short-time HRV measurements were obtained. Mortality data were gathered from the Norwegian central address register. Patients, close relatives of patients and in some cases their general physicians or nursery home physicians were interviewed six months postoperatively regarding the incidence of pneumonia, cardiac events or stroke.

Results

157 (95.2%) patients were followed up after six months. 21 (13%) died during this period. Twenty patients (13%) developed pneumonia, eight (5%) stroke and four (2%) myocardial infarction. No HRV parameter was associated with six-month general mortality. However, patients who developed stroke, had significantly lower High Frequency Power (HF, p< 0.001) and lower Very Low Frequency Power (VLF, p=0.003) at inclusion compared to patients without complications. Patients who developed pneumonia had at inclusion lower root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD, p = 0.044). Patients with a history of coronary heart disease (n = 41) showed a mortality of 7%. Mortality in this group was associated with the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN, p = 0.006), Total Power (TP, p = 0.009), HF (p = 0.026), and Low Frequency Power (LF, p = 0.012). Beta-blocker intake was not associated with differences in HRV parameters.

Conclusions

We present for the first time significant associations between different preoperative HRV parameters and stroke, myocardial infarction and pneumonia during a 6-month period after hip fracture. HRV might be a simple and effective tool to identify patients at risk that would warrant better follow-up.
Systemic treatment of hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 negative metastatic breast cancer: retrospective analysis from Leeds Cancer Centre
Authors: Twelves Chris , Cheeseman Sue , Sopwith Will , Thompson Matthew , Riaz Majid , Ahat-Donker Necibe , Myland Melissa , Lee Adam , Przybysz Raymond , Turner Stuart , Hall Geoff , Perren Tim 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND Study aimed to characterise treatment and outcomes for patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor 2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) within a large regional cancer centre, as a benchmark for evaluating real-world impact of novel therapies.METHODS Retrospective longitudinal cohort, using electronic patient records of adult females with a first diagnosis of HR+/HER2- MBC January 2012 - March 2018.RESULTS 196 women were identified with HR+/HER2- MBC. Median age was 67 years, 85.2% were post-menopausal and median time between primary diagnosis and metastasis was 5.4 years. Most (75.1%) patients received endocrine therapy as first line systemic treatment (1st LoT); use of 1st LoT chemotherapy halved between 2012 and 2017. Patients receiving 1st LoT chemotherapy were younger and more likely to have visceral metastasis (p<0.01). Median OS was 29.5 months and significantly greater for patients with exclusively non-visceral metastasis (p<0.01). The adjusted hazard ratio for death of patients with visceral (or CNS) metastasis was 1.91 relative to those with exclusively non-visceral metastasis.CONCLUSIONS Diverse endocrine therapies predominate as 1st LoT for patients with HR+/HER2- MBC, chemotherapy being associated with more aggressive disease in younger patients, emphasising the importance of using effective and tolerable therapies early.
Impact of Cleft lip and Palate on Mother-to-Infant Bonding: a Cross-Sectional Study in the Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Tsuchiya Shinobu , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Momma Haruki , Koseki Takeyoshi , Igarashi Kaoru , Nagatomi Ryoichi , Arima Takahiro , Yaegashi Nobuo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is among the most prevalent congenital birth defects. They negatively affect maternal psychological status and may consequently result in higher prevalence of child maltreatment. However, the association of CL/P births with bonding disorders still remains unclear. To address this question, we examined the impact of CL/P birth on mother-to-infant bonding, using the nationwide birth cohort study, Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Methods

This study was conducted as a nationwide birth cohort study of the Japan environment and children’s study (JECS), an ongoing nationwide birth cohort study in Japan. 104,065 of foetuses in fifteen regional centres in JECS were enrolled. Finally, the participants consisted of 79,140 mother-infant pairs, of which 211 mothers with CL/P infants were included in our analyses.

Results

First, no increased risk of bonding disorders was observed among all the mothers with CL/P births (odds ratio [95% CI]; 0.97 [0.63-1.48], p = 0.880), and advanced maternal age or multiple parity would adversely affect the associations between bonding disorders and CL/P births, respectively. Thus, after stratification with a combination of maternal age and parity, a significant association of CL/P birth with bonding disorders was found only among advanced-age multiparae (OR [95% CI] = 2.51 [1.17-5.37], p = 0.018), but it was weakened after additional adjustment for maternal depression.

Conclusion

CL/P birth may increase the risk of bonding disorders among advanced-age multiparae possibly through maternal depression. This finding provides valuable information for the provision of multidisciplinary cleft care.
Deep Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects Grain Yield, Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency, and Root Characteristics in Direct-seeded Rice
Authors: Chen Yunyan , Fan Pingshan , Tian Hua , Ashraf Umair , Mo Zhaowen , Duan Meiyang , Li Lin , Tang Xiangru , Pan Shenggang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Deep placement of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has become one of the effective management practices for increasing crop yield and improving N recovery efficiency (NRE). However, the effects of N fertilization depth on direct-seeded rice are not well understood. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of N fertilization depth at four fertilization depths (0, 4, 8, and 12 cm, D0, D4, D8 and D12, respectively) with a conventional ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer (TN=17.7%) (150 kg N ha-1) and a control (no N fertilizer applied, CK) on grain yield, NRE and root characteristics of direct-seeded rice.

Results

The results indicated that both D8 and D12 increased grain yields by 72.91 and 81.84%, respectively, compared with CK. The main reason was ascribed to the increases of productive panicle and spikelet number. The highest nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) and NRE were found under D12 treatment, which were increased by 165.42 and 129.45% compared to D0, respectively. We also found that deep placement of N fertilizer (both D8 and D12) could also promote rice root growth such as larger root length, root superficial area, and heavier root diameter, increase nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GOGAT), and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities at the heading stage.

Conclusions

The results show that 8 cm is relatively proper fertilizer placement depth when ammonia bicarbonate fertilizer is used in direct-seeded rice production because of requiring less mechanical power input.
HIV-free survival among breastfed infants born to HIV-positive women in post-conflict northern Uganda: a perspective from two tertiary health facilities
Authors: Nyeko Richard , Aguti Irene , Kimbugwe Charles , Apai Patricia , Munyaga Siraji 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Without interventions, the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is up to 25% during pregnancy, labour and delivery with an additional risk of 5-20% during breastfeeding period, leading to an overall rate of up to 45%. Giving anti-retroviral therapy to the mother and anti-retroviral prophylaxis to the infant has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding to less than 5%. According to the World Health Organization standard, the effectiveness of interventions towards prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in any setting is measured by its HIV-free survival rate. We therefore carried out a study aimed at determining the HIV-free survival among breastfed infants in a resource poor setting in relation breastfeeding duration.
Methods
A cross-sectional retrospective study using routine clinical data and involving 365 HIV exposed infants followed up in two tertiary facilities in northern Uganda between 2014 and 2016. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists version 16 software package.
Results
Of the three hundred and sixty five (365) infants sampled for this study, 86.8% (317/365) were enrolled within the first 2 months of life, 12.1% (44/365) between 3-12 months of age and 1.1% (4/365) enrolled after 12 months of age. Almost all the infants (98.4%) were initiated on Nevirapine prophylaxis, 97.5% (356/365) of whom were initiated within 72 hours. The overall HIV-free survival rate in the current study was 93.7% (342/365), while 6.3% (23/365) were either HIV-infected (2.7%) or died (3.6%). The infants’ age at enrolment was the single most important factor significantly associated with HIV-free survival. The overall duration of breastfeeding did not significantly affect the HIV-free survival: 98.1% (304/310) for children breastfed > 12 months versus 100% (15/15) for those breastfed ≤12 months, though exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months was protective.
Conclusions
Adherence to current approaches to prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with support to breastfeeding in low income countries can greatly enhance HIV-free survival for breastfed infants, and supports the current infant and young child feeding recommendations.
Key words: HIV-free survival, Mother-to-child transmission, Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral therapy