bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerobic exercise for axial spondyloarthritis ‐ its effects on disease activity and function as compared to standard physiotherapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Verhoeven Frank , Guillot Xavier , Prati Clément , Mougin Fabienne , Tordi Nicolas , Demougeot Céline , Wendling Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of an aerobic fitness program on disease activity, defined by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and on C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) in case of axial spondyloarthritis.MethodsA systematic review of the literature, following the Prisma recommendations, was performed by two reviewers on the PubMed and Embase databases. Controlled trials assessing the efficacy of aerobic exercises compared to physiotherapy on axial spondyloarthritis disease activity were included. The diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis was meeting the New York criteria and/or the Assessment in Axial Spondyloarthritis International Working Group criteria. Aerobic fitness was defined as an exercise performed at 50%‐90% of the maximal heart rate or between 50% and 80% oxygen consumption (VO2) peak.ResultsFive hundred and twenty abstracts were identified and 93 abstracts were analyzed. Eight studies met the selection criteria and 6 were finally included in this study because of the presence of a control group. Both groups were similar in terms of age, sex ratio, disease duration. Aerobic exercise provided a positive impact on the BASDAI in the intervention group (148 patients) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.52 [95% CI: −0.9 to −0.13]) (I2: 10.3%, P = 0.35). However, when compared to a control group (152 patients), the improvement of BASDAI didn't reach significance (WMD: −0.25 [95% CI: −0.83 to 0.32]) (I2: 0%, P = 0.41). Aerobic exercise did not improve BASFI, CRP or ESR.ConclusionAerobic exercise did not provide beneficial effects either on disease activity or on physical function and biological parameters when compared to a control group in axial spondyloarthritis.
Effects of a federal housing voucher experiment on adolescent binge drinking: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Osypuk Theresa L. , Joshi Spruha , Schmidt Nicole M. , Glymour M. Maria , Nelson Toben F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsTo test how a housing voucher generating residential mobility to lower‐poverty neighborhoods, compared with public housing controls, influenced adolescent binge drinking, and whether gender modified effects.DesignA multi‐site household‐level three‐arm randomized trial of a housing intervention executed 1994–98, evaluated 2001–02.SettingFive US cities: Baltimore, MD; Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA; and New York, NY.ParticipantsA total of 3537 adolescents in 4248 low‐income eligible families were randomized; 2829 adolescents were analyzed at the interim evaluation (1950 in treatment; 879 in the control group). Attrition bias was accounted for with a 3‐in‐10 oversampling of hard‐to‐reach participants (effective response rate: 89%).InterventionsThe Moving to Opportunity (MTO) trial randomized volunteer low‐income families in public housing to receive (1) rental subsidies redeemable in neighborhoods with < 10% tract poverty plus housing counseling, (2) unrestricted Section 8 rental subsidies or (3) to remain in public housing. We pooled the subsidy (‘treatment’) groups because they were conceptually similar and there was no evidence of statistical differences between groups on binge drinking.MeasurementsPrimary outcome: past month binge drinking (five or more drinks in one sitting).FindingsAdolescent binge drinking prevalence was 3.9% for treatment and 3.2% for control. The intention‐to‐treat (ITT) main effect of subsidy treatment (versus control) on binge drinking was non‐significant, but treatment effects were different for girls and boys (treatment–gender interaction P = 0.002). MTO treatment reduced girls’ binge drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.24–0.96, P = 0.037], but increased boys’ binge drinking (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.13–4.97, P = 0.023), compared with controls. Results were similar for secondary alcohol outcomes. Instrumental variable (IV) results adjusting for treatment compliance were comparable with ITT, but larger.ConclusionsA housing subsidy treatment that enables low‐income families to move from public to private housing appears to lessen girls’ binge drinking but increases boys’ binge drinking, compared with controls.
A Biomimetic Human Gut‐on‐a‐Chip for Modeling Drug Metabolism in Intestine
Authors: Guo Yaqiong , Li Zhongyu , Su Wentao , Wang Li , Zhu Yujuan , Qin Jianhua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDrug metabolism in the intestine is considered to substantially contribute to the overall first‐pass metabolism, which has been neglected for a long time. It is highly desirable to develop a reliable model to evaluate drug metabolism in the intestine in vitro. In this work, we made the first attempt to develop a biomimetic human gut‐on‐a‐chip for modeling drug metabolism in intestine. In this chip, constant flow, together with porous nitrocellulose membrane and collagen I, mimics an in vivo‐like intestinal microenvironment. The Caco‐2 cells grown in the chip formed a compact intestinal epithelial layer with continuous expression of the tight junction protein, ZO‐1. Furthermore, higher gene expression of villin, sucrase‐isomaltase, and alkaline phosphatase demonstrated that cells in the biomimetic human gut‐on‐a‐chip device were more mature with near‐physiological functions compared to the control on planar substrate. In particular, cellular metabolic activity was assessed on different substrates, indicating higher metabolic efficiency of ifosfamide and verapamil in the biomimetic human gut‐on‐a‐chip model. Taken together, our results suggested that this biomimetic human gut‐on‐a‐chip promoted the differentiation of intestinal cells with enhanced functionality by creating a biomimetic 3D microenvironment in vitro. It might offer a bioactive, low‐cost, and flexible in vitro platform for studies on intestinal metabolism as well as preclinical drug development.
A follow‐on study on vision‐related quality of life assessment using the NEI‐VFQ‐25 in those with a history of unilateral and bilateral congenital cataracts
Authors: Fox Aoife , O'Keefe Michael , Lanigan Bernadette 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess vision‐specific health‐related quality of life (using the NEI‐VFQ‐25), educational attainment and visual acuity (VA) in patients with a history of congenital cataracts and appraise these in relation to Kirwan et al.'s (Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 49, 2012, 26) study.MethodsA retrospective hospital‐based study of patients with unilateral and bilateral congenital cataracts whounderwent surgery aged younger than 12 months. Those 13 years or older at follow‐up were selected for inclusion. Patients with glaucoma, other associated ocular complications or systemic abnormalities were excluded. Educational attainment and VA at latest review were recorded.ResultsTwelve patients with unilateral cataract (mean age: 26 ± 4.5) and fifteen with bilateral cataract (mean age 22 ± 4.3) were included. Bilateral group had greater difficulty with near and distance activities, vision‐specific role difficulties, vision‐specific dependency and general health than the unilateral group. There were no significant differences with regard to ocular pain, vision‐specific social functioning, vision‐specific mental health, driving, colour vision, peripheral vision or educational attainment between the groups. All patients attended mainstream school, and majority progressed to third‐level education. Follow up at an increased time from surgery − 6.2 ± 5.13 (unilateral) and 6.5 ± 6.4 years (bilateral) – compared to Kirwan et al.'s study.ConclusionResults were in keeping with Kirwan et al.'s. Bilateral group had greater difficulty with day‐to‐day tasks compared to the unilateral group, including near and distance vision activities. They had greater vision‐specific role difficulties and vision‐specific dependency. There was no difference between the groups in regard to vision‐specific social functioning, vision‐specific mental health or educational attainment. This can be a source of reassurance to parents and patients.
30‐year cross‐sectional trends in waist‐to‐height ratio in Australian school age children; 1985 to 2015
Authors: Hardy L L , Xu J , Guo C Z , Garnett S P 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo report 30‐year changes in the proportion of children with abdominal obesity measured by waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) ≥ 0.5.MethodsSecondary analysis of WHtR ≥ 0.5 data on Australian children age 7 to 15 years from five national cross‐sectional population surveys conducted in 1985, 1995, 2007, 2012 and 2015. Changes in the proportions of children with a WHtR ≥ 0.5 across survey years, by age and sex were assessed using chi‐squared tests.ResultsBetween 1985 and 2012, the proportion of children with WHtR ≥ 0.5 increased from 8.6% [95%CI: 8.0, 9.2] to 25.1% [95%CI: 23.5, 26.7]. An increase of ~5% each decade was observed between 1985 and 2007, and a 6.6% increase was observed between 2007 and 2012. Overall, there was a non‐significant decrease in the proportion of children with WHtR ≥ 0.5 between 2012 (25.1% [95%CI: 23.5, 26.7] and 2015 (23.3% [95%CI: 21.6, 25.2].ConclusionAbdominal obesity has increased over the last 30 years in Australian children. In 2015, one in five children had WHtR ≥ 0.5, a marker of cardiometabolic risk in children. Our finding highlights the importance of including WHtR as a routine measurement in primary health care and population health surveys. This information is needed to guide policy and practice to manage long‐term cardiovascular risk in children.
Randomised controlled trial showed that neonates received better pain relief from a higher dose of sucrose during venepuncture
Authors: Kristoffersen Laila , Malahleha Moelo , Duze Zama , Tegnander Eva , Kapongo Ndaye , Støen Ragnhild , Follestad Turid , Eik‐Nes Sturla H. , Bergseng Håkon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimWe compared the effect of two different doses of sucrose on neonatal pain scores during venepuncture.MethodsThis randomised crossover study focused on neonates born weighing more than 1000 g from December 2014 to June 2016, who received neonatal intensive care at two hospitals: one in Empangeni, South Africa, and one in Trondheim, Norway. During two consecutive venepuncture procedures, 27 neonates from South Africa and 26 neonates from Norway were randomised to receive 0.2 mL or 0.5 mL sucrose. Half was administered two minutes before venepuncture and the rest immediately before the procedure. South Africa used 25% sucrose and Norway 24%. Pain scores were measured twice using the Premature Infant Pain Profile‐Revised: during skin puncture and after the needle was removed.ResultsThe mean pain scores during skin puncture were significantly lower with 0.5 mL sucrose than with 0.2 mL (5.3 versus 6.8, p=0.008), but the mean pain scores after the needle was removed were similar with both doses (4.7 versus 5.4, p=0.29). We found no significant association between weight and pain scores.ConclusionWe showed that neonates received better pain relief from 0.5 mL than 0.2 mL sucrose during venepuncture but not after the needle was removed.
Economic disadvantage and math achievement: The significance of perceived cost from an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Hentges Rochelle F. , Galla Brian M. , Wang Ming‐Te 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundChildren growing up in poverty tend to perform worse in school than their more economically advantaged peers.AimsThe current study integrates an educational theory of motivation and an evolutionary theory of life history strategies to examine how economic disadvantage predicts children's mathematics achievement through their academic beliefs and values.SampleParticipants were 1,536 students (Mage = 12.88) in a large metropolitan city in the United States.MethodsEconomic disadvantage was assessed via school reports of the student being eligible to receive free or reduced‐price lunch during the 2014–2015 school year (i.e., at or below 185% of the federal poverty line). Students reported on their perceived interest, usefulness, and cost of learning mathematics during the first half of the 2015–2016 school year (August to December). Mathematics achievement for both school years was assessed via school reports of mathematics grades.ResultsChildren receiving free or reduced‐price lunch showed higher perceived cost of learning mathematics, and this in turn predicted changes in mathematics achievement over time, indirect effect = −0.57, 95% CI (−0.97, −0.23). However, neither interest nor perceived usefulness or ability in mathematics mediated the association between economic disadvantage and changes in mathematics achievement.ConclusionsResults underscore the potential for interventions to target students’ perceived cost of learning as a way to increase school engagement, particularly among disadvantaged students.
Responsiveness to change of the Malay‐ECOHIS following treatment of early childhood caries under general anaesthesia
Authors: Hashim Nor Azlina , Yusof Zamros Yuzadi Mohd , Saub Roslan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the sensitivity and responsiveness of the Malay version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (Malay‐ECOHIS) to dental treatment of early childhood caries (ECC) under general anaesthesia (GA) and determine the minimally important difference (MID) for the Malay‐ECOHIS.MethodsA sample of 158 preschool children with ECC awaiting dental treatment under GA was recruited over an 8‐month period. Parents self‐completed the Malay‐ECOHIS before and 4 weeks after their child's dental treatment. At 4 weeks follow‐up, parents also responded to a global health transition judgement item. Data were analysed using independent and paired samples t tests, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsThe response rate was 87.3%. The final sample comprised 76 male (55.1%) and 62 female (44.9%) preschool children with mean age of 4.5 (SD = 1.0) years. Following treatment, there were significant reductions in mean scores for total Malay‐ECOHIS, child impact section (CIS), family impact section (FIS) and all domains, respectively (P < 0.001). The effect size (ES) for the Malay‐ECOHIS was +1.0; across the domains, it ranged from +0.4 to +1.9. There was a weak, positive correlation for Malay‐ECOHIS change scores (r = 0.165) and CIS change scores (r = 0.175) with the number of decayed teeth (dt), respectively. Similar correlation was also observed between Malay‐ECOHIS change scores and the number of extracted teeth (r = 0.129). Based on the global health transition judgement, 62.3% of parents reported their child's oral condition to be “a little improved” while 37.7% reported it to be “much improved” following treatment, with Malay‐ECOHIS mean change scores of 6.7 (ES = +1.1) and 9.6 (ES = +1.2), respectively. There was an observed gradient in the Malay‐ECOHIS change scores and ES in relation to parents’ perception of their child's oral health improvement after treatment, supporting the responsiveness of the measure. The Malay‐ECOHIS MID was found to be 7 scale points.ConclusionThe Malay‐ECOHIS is empirically shown to be sensitive and responsiveness to dental treatment of ECC under GA.
Socioeconomic and psychosocial associations with oral health impact and general health
Authors: Brennan David S. , Spencer A. John , Roberts‐Thomson Kaye F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is debate whether both subjective and objective measures of socioeconomic status (SES) are needed to predict health, and whether these factors are explained by psychosocial characteristics. The aims were to investigate the association of socioeconomic and psychosocial variables with oral health impact and general health utility.MethodsA random sample of 45‐ to 54‐year‐olds from Adelaide, South Australia, was surveyed by self‐complete questionnaire in 2004‐2005. Oral health impact was assessed using OHIP‐14 and general health utility by EQ‐5D. SES was determined using objective (income, education) and subjective (McArthur scale) measures. Psychosocial variables comprised social support, health self‐efficacy, well‐being, coping and affectivity.ResultsData were collected from 879 participants (response rate = 43.8%). Both objective and subjective socioeconomic status measures were associated with OHIP and EQ‐5D scores. Higher income and subjective social status were both associated (P < 0.05) with less oral health impact (β = −0.28 and β = −0.73, respectively) and better general health utility (both with β = 0.01, respectively). Psychosocial variables accounted for a relatively large percentage of variance in OHIP (20.7%) and EQ‐5D (21.9%) scores.ConclusionsFor both oral health impact and general health utility, objective SES was significant in the presence of subjective SES. Psychosocial variables had important independent associations with both oral and general health.
Exploring the multidimensional constructs of transformative school–community collaboration from a critical paradigm
Authors: Kim Jangmin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSchool–community collaboration has become an important approach to enhancing the quality of services to meet the multifaceted needs of students. However, there is little understanding of how to create and maintain successful school–community collaboration. Drawing on a critical paradigm, this study developed a comprehensive framework for transformative school–community collaboration (TSCC) and developed a valid scale to assess the major dimensions of TSCC. Using school survey data, an exploratory factor analysis identified four multidimensional constructs: (a) critical member capacity representing members' organizing, interpersonal, and critical analysis skills, (b) equal relations with respect to joint membership, interaction, and outcome distribution, (c) democratic network governance measuring the basic elements of democracy in decision‐making, and (d) empowering coordination reflecting a responsive, flexible, and supportive coordination system. This study also showed that low‐income and urban schools reported significantly lower levels of equal relations and empowering coordination. The developed scale can be used as an evaluation tool that monitors and evaluates school–community collaboration ensuring equal, democratic, and empowering structures and processes. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest practice implications and future research agendas to create and maintain successful school–community collaboration.
Testing the transferability of track‐based habitat models for sound marine spatial planning
Authors: Péron Clara , Authier Matthieu , Grémillet David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are statistical tools aiming at mapping and predicting species distributions across landscapes. Data acquisition being limited in space and time, SDM are commonly used to predict species distribution in unsampled areas or years, with the expectation that modelled habitat–species relationships will hold across spatial or temporal contexts (i.e., model transferability). This key aspect of habitat modelling has major implications for spatial management, yet it has received limited attention, especially in the dynamic marine realm. Our aims were to test geographical and temporal habitat model transferability and to make recommendations for future population‐scale habitat modelling.LocationTwo contrasted regions of the North Western Mediterranean Sea: the cold and productive waters of the Gulf of Lion, and the warm and oligotrophic waters of Corsica.MethodsWe GPS‐tracked 189 Scopoli's shearwaters, Calonectris diomedea, at four breeding sites during the chick‐rearing period in 2011 and 2012 (418 foraging trips), and analysed their fine‐scale foraging behaviour. We then built colony‐specific habitat models (GAMMs) to test SDM geographical and temporal transferability and investigated the effect of extrinsic (environmental extrapolation) and intrinsic (trip characteristics) factors on transferability.ResultsScopoli's shearwaters from our four study sites had comparable foraging strategies (as assessed from trip characteristics and isotopic diet tracers). Despite such similarities, SDMs revealed colony‐specific habitat associations. Geographical and temporal model transferability was better within than between regions.Main conclusionsCrucially, our study illustrates how habitat–species relationships can vary between colonies located <200 km apart, and underlines the effect of spatio‐temporal extrapolation in habitat modelling. We therefore warn that defining adequate spatial scales for model predictions is critical to sound marine spatial planning and conservation.
Inhibitory effect of lidocaine on colonic spasm during colonoscopy: A multicenter double‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nemoto Daiki , Suzuki Sho , Mori Hideki , Katsuki Shinichi , Iwaki Tomoyuki , Aizawa Masato , Takeuchi Yoji , Uraoka Toshio , Matsuda Tomoki , Fujita Tomoki , Hewett David G. , Togashi Kazutomo 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesColonic spasm can interfere with colonoscopy, but antispasmodic agents can cause complications. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory effect of topical lidocaine compared with a placebo control.MethodsIn five tertiary‐care hospitals in Japan, 128 patients requiring endoscopic resection of a colorectal lesion were enrolled and randomly and double‐blindly allocated to colonoscopy with topical administration of 2% lidocaine solution 20mL (LID, n = 64) or normal saline 20mL (control, n = 64). During colonoscopy, the assigned solution was applied with a spray catheter near the lesion and the area was observed for three minutes. primary endpoint was the inhibitory effect at three time‐points (1, 2 and 3 minutes after dispersion), using a three‐point scale (excellent, fair, poor). Secondary endpoints were rebound spasm and adverse events. All endpoints were scored in real time. Serum lidocaine levels were measured in 32 patients (LID 16, control 16).ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups in patient demographics. At all time‐points, the proportion of patients with “excellent” scores was greater in LID group than control group, with significant differences observed at 2 minutes (p = 0.02) and 3 minutes (p = 0.02). In LID group, the rate of “excellent” scores increased by 12.5% at 2 minutes and was maintained at 3 minutes. Rebound spasm did not occur in LID group, compared with 15.6% of control group (p = 0.001). There were no adverse events in LID group. All serum lidocaine levels were below detectable levels.ConclusionsTopical lidocaine is an effective and safe method for suppressing colorectal spasm during colonoscopy (UMIN000024733).