bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New records of Neogene Xenarthra (Mammalia) from eastern Puna (Argentina): diversity and biochronology
Authors: Quiñones Sofía I. , Miño-Boilini Ángel R. , Zurita Alfredo E. , Contreras Silvina A. , Luna Carlos A. , Candela Adriana M. , Camacho María , Ercoli Marcos D. , Solís Natalia , Brandoni Diego 
Published: September 2019

AbstractXenarthra is an endemic South American lineage of mammals, probably the sister clade of the other placental mammals. The oldest records of Xenarthra are from the latest Paleocene, although its current diversity is much lower than that recorded in some intervals of the Cenozoic Era. A new Neogene Xenarthra (Pilosa and Cingulata) assemblage from two localities of the Argentine Eastern Puna (Calahoyo and Casira) is described. The newly recorded taxa—Cingulata, Dasypodidae, Eutatini:Stenotatussp. indet. and Eutatini indet., Euphractini:Macrochorobates scalabrinii(Moreno and Mercerat, 1891), and Tardigrada, Mylodontinae: cf.Simomylodonsp. indet. andSimomylodoncf.S. uccasamamensisSaint-André et al., 2010—and those already published from Calahoyo—Cingulata:Macrochorobates chapadmalensis(Ameghino, 1908),Eosclerocalyptussp. indet., and Tardigrada, Megatheriidae:Pyramiodontherium bergi(Moreno and Mercerat, 1891)—suggest a middle–late Miocene age for the fossil-bearing levels. In Calahoyo, the presence ofStenotatussp. indet., in addition to some rodents currently under study in the lower levels, suggest a closer similarity with the palaeofauna of Cerdas (southern Bolivia), probably involving the last part of the Miocene Climatic Optimum. The Xenarthra recorded in the middle and upper levels of Calahoyo and Casira suggest a late Miocene–Pliocene age. A comparative analysis between Calahoyo and Casira highlights the absence of Cingulata in the latter and a high diversity in the former. This situation probably indicates different paleoenvironmental conditions. Finally, we present the first certain record of the genusSimomylodonSaint-André et al., 2010 in Argentina, which includes the oldest record of dermal ossicles for sloths in South America.
New rhenopyrgid edrioasteroids (Echinodermata) and their implications for taxonomy, functional morphology, and paleoecology
Authors: Ewin Timothy A. M. , Martin Markus , Isotalo Phillip , Zamora Samuel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRhenopyrgids are rare, turreted edrioasterid edrioasteroids from the lower Paleozoic with a distinctive and apparently conservative morphology. However, new, well-preserved rhenopyrgid edrioasteroid material from Canada, along with a review of described taxa, has revealed broader structural diversity in the oral surface and enabled a re-evaluation of rhenopyrgid functional morphology and paleoecology.The floor plates inRhenopyrgus vivianin. sp.,R.coronaeformisRievers, 1961 and,R.flosKlug et al., 2008 are well fused to each other and the interradial oral plate and lack obvious sutures, thereby forming a single compound interradial plate. This differs from other rhenopyrgids where sutures are more apparent. Such fused oral surface construction is only otherwise seen in some derived edrioblastoids and in the cyathocystids, suggesting homoplasy.Our analysis further suggests that the suboral constriction could contract but the flexible pyrgate zone could not. Thus, specimens apparently lacking a sub-oral constriction should not necessarily be placed in separate genera within the Rhenopyrgidae. It also supports rhenopyrgids as epifaunal mud-stickers with only the bulbous, textured, entire holdfasts (coriaceous sacs) anchored within the substrate rather than as burrow dwellers or encrusters.Rhenopyrgus vivianin. sp. is described from the Telychian (lower Silurian) Jupiter Formation of Anticosti Island, Québec, Canada and is differentiated by a high degree of morphological variability of pedunculate plates, broader oral plates, and narrower distal ambulacral zones. Specimens lacking or with obscured diagnostic plates from the Ordovician of Montagne Noire, France, and the Ordovician and Silurian of Girvan, Scotland are also described.UUID:http://zoobank.org/7f81d67f-4155-4719-8a45-b278ad70739d
Stellar accelerations and the galactic gravitational field
Authors: Silverwood Hamish , Easther Richard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTypical stars in the Milky Way galaxy have velocities of hundreds of kilometres per second and experience gravitational accelerations of $\sim\!10^{-10}~{\rm m\,s}^{-2}$, resulting in velocity changes of a few centimetres per second over a decade. Measurements of these accelerations would permit direct tests of the applicability of Newtonian dynamics on kiloparsec length scales and could reveal significant small-scale inhomogeneities within the galaxy, as well increasing the sensitivity of measurements of the overall mass distribution of the galaxy. Noting that a reasonable extrapolation of progress in exoplanet hunting spectrographs suggests that centimetre per second level precision will be attainable in the coming decade(s), we explore the possibilities such measurements would create. We consider possible confounding effects, including apparent accelerations induced by stellar motion and reflex velocities from planetary systems, along with possible strategies for their mitigation. If these issues can be satisfactorily addressed, it will be possible to use high-precision measurements of changing stellar velocities to perform a ‘blind search’ for dark matter, make direct tests of theories of non-Newtonian gravitational dynamics, detect local inhomogeneities in the dark matter density, and greatly improve measurements of the overall properties of the galaxy.
A low-fat diet up-regulates expression of fatty acid taste receptor gene FFAR4 in fungiform papillae in humans: a co-twin randomised controlled trial
Authors: Costanzo Andrew , Liu Dongli , Nowson Caryl , Duesing Konsta , Archer Nicholas , Bowe Steve , Keast Russell 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFatty acid taste (FAT) perception is involved in the regulation of dietary fat intake, where impaired FAT is associated with increased fatty food intake. There are a number of FAT receptors identified on human taste cells that are potentially responsible for FAT perception. Manipulating dietary fat intake, and in turn FAT perception, would elucidate the receptors that are associated with long-term regulation of FAT perception. The present study aimed to assess associations between diet-mediated changes to FAT receptors and FAT perception in humans. A co-twin randomised controlled trial was conducted, where each matching twin within a pair were randomly allocated to either an 8-week low-fat (LF; <20 % energy fat) or an 8-week high-fat (HF; >35 % energy fat) diet. At baseline and week 8, fungiform papillae were biopsied in the fasted state and FAT receptor gene expressions (cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), FFAR4, G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) and a delayed rectifying K+ channel (K+ voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2; KCNA2)) were measured using RT-PCR; and FAT threshold (FATT) was assessed using three-alternate forced choice methodology. Linear mixed models were fitted, adjusting for correlation between co-twins. Intake was compliant with the study design, with the LF and HF groups consuming 14·8 and 39·9 % energy from fat, respectively. Expression of FFAR4 increased by 38 % in the LF group (P = 0·023; time–diet interaction P = 0·063). ΔFFAR4 (Δ, week 8–baseline) was associated with Δfat intake (g) ( = −159·4; P < 0·001) and ΔFATT ( = −8·8; P = 0·016). In summary, FFAR4 is involved in long-term diet-mediated changes to FAT perception. Manipulating dietary fat intake, and therefore FFAR4 expression, might aid in reducing taste-mediated passive overconsumption of fatty foods.
Anticipated Election Result and Protest Voting: Why and When Canadian Voters Signal Discontent
Authors: Schimpf Christian H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article investigates how Canadian voters react to a perceived lack of quality provided by their most preferred parties and how the anticipated election outcome conditions the reactions. The central argument is that a lack of quality motivates voters to signal their discontent by voting insincerely—that is, they cast a protest vote. The effect is expected to be moderated by the anticipated constituency result. The arguments are tested with two-wave panel survey data from the 2015 Canadian federal election, collected by the Making Electoral Democracy Work (MEDW) project. The results support the central argument but remain inconclusive about the expected moderating effects.
Analysis of nasal foreign bodies in 341 children
Authors: Lou Z-C 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the common presentations and treatment outcomes in cases involving nasal foreign bodies.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out over three years, from January 2014 to December 2017. Patient biodata, clinical presentation, nasal foreign body type and management outcome data were obtained from the medical records and analysed.ResultsA total of 341 cases were analysed. The average patient age was 3.7 ± 1.2 years (range, 1–19 years).Of the nine cases involving button batteries, septal perforation was initially seen in four cases and three cases had subsequent septal perforation.ConclusionOnly button battery nasal foreign bodies were associated with increased septal perforation. Use of physiological seawater nasal spray was found to reduce the likelihood of septal perforation. Most nasal foreign bodies could be removed under local anaesthesia.
Cognitive remediation therapy modulates intrinsic neural activity in patients with major depression
Authors: Schneider Isabella , Schmitgen Mike M. , Bach Claudia , Listunova Lena , Kienzle Johanna , Sambataro Fabio , Depping Malte S. , Kubera Katharina M. , Roesch-Ely Daniela , Wolf Robert C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is a core feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). Cognitive remediation may improve cognition in MDD, yet so far, the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear. This study investigated changes in intrinsic neural activity in MDD after a cognitive remediation trial.MethodsIn a longitudinal design, 20 patients with MDD and pronounced cognitive deficits and 18 healthy controls (HC) were examined using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. MDD patients received structured cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) over 5 weeks. The whole-brain fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations was computed before the first and after the last training session. Univariate methods were used to address regionally-specific effects, and a multivariate data analysis strategy was employed to investigate functional network strength (FNS).ResultsMDD patients significantly improved in cognitive function after CRT. Baseline comparisons revealed increased right caudate activity and reduced activity in the left frontal cortex, parietal lobule, insula, and precuneus in MDD compared to HC. In patients, reduced FNS was found in a bilateral prefrontal system at baseline (p < 0.05, uncorrected). In MDD, intrinsic neural activity increased in right inferior frontal gyrus after CRT (p < 0.05, small volume corrected). Left inferior parietal lobule, left insula, left precuneus, and right caudate activity showed associations with cognitive improvement (p < 0.05, uncorrected). Prefrontal network strength increased in patients after CRT, but this increase was not associated with improved cognitive performance.ConclusionsOur findings support the role of intrinsic neural activity of the prefrontal cortex as a possible mediator of cognitive improvement following CRT in MDD.
‘To thine own self be true’: The perceived meanings and functions of political consistency
Authors: Friedman Elie , Kampf Zohar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBeing perceived as consistent is a crucial concern for political actors’ in their efforts to mobilize public opinion. This study comprises an analysis of the self-reflexive performance of consistency by Israeli politicians, focusing on the definitions and types of ‘consistency’ in political talk and their consequences. Through an analysis of 194 meta-discursive statements between 2006 and 2017, we illustrate that consistency constitutes a spatiotemporal coordination among cognitions, actions (words and deeds), and the external world, while also being viewed as potentially transforming political reality. Perceived as a sought-after value indicative of truth-telling, determination, and clarity, political actors view consistency as an essential character trait, associated with ideological fortitude, and a basis for practical policy realization. (Consistency, ideology, political discourse, meta-discourse)*
Features of speech in German and US-American mother–toddler dyads during toy play and book-reading
Authors: DOERING Elena , SCHLUTER Kevin , SUCHODOLETZ Antje von 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious research indicates that features of speech during mother–toddler interactions are dependent on the situational context. In this study, we explored language samples of 69 mother–toddler dyads collected during standardized toy play and book-reading situations across two countries, Germany and the United States (US). The results showed that features of speech differed across situational contexts. However, situational differences were mostly found among the sample from the US but not from Germany. Few significant associations between mothers’ and toddlers’ language variables were found. Findings are discussed with regard to variations in language across situations and countries.
Understanding the Non-medical Costs of Healthcare: Evidence from Inpatient Care for Older People in China
Authors: Yang Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNon-medical costs, including costs associated with carers, travel, food and accommodation for family members who care for older people during their medical visits, can constitute a substantial part of total healthcare costs, especially for older people. Using data from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, this study examines the effects of such non-medical costs on catastrophic health payments and health payment-induced poverty among older people in China. Results indicate that non-medical costs account for approximately 18 per cent of total inpatient costs. The percentage is highest for those in the lowest economic brackets. Rural populations are more likely than urban populations to incur catastrophic health payments and suffer from health payment-induced poverty. Non-medical costs increase the chances of older people incurring catastrophic health payments and suffering from health payment-induced poverty. These findings suggest that policymakers should look to develop new policies that facilitate reimbursement of non-medical costs, particularly for the rural population.
Parental reactions, distress, and sense of coherence after prenatal versus postnatal diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Bratt Ewa-Lena , Järvholm Stina , Ekman-Joelsson Britt-Marie , Johannsmeyer Antje , Carlsson Sven-Åke , Mattsson Lars-Åke , Mellander Mats 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroduction:A diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring triggers psychological distress in parents. Results of previous studies have been inconsistent regarding the psychological impact of a prenatal versus a postnatal diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the time of diagnosis on levels of parental distress.Methods:Pregnant women and their partners with a fetus diagnosed with complex CHD, parents of children with postnatally diagnosed CHD, and pregnant women and their partners with uncomplicated pregnancies were invited to participate. Data were collected during pregnancy and 2–6 months after delivery using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, sense of coherence, life satisfaction, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale.Results:During pregnancy, the prenatal group scored lower sense of coherence compared to controls (p=0.044). Postnatally the prenatal group scored lower on sense of coherence compared to the postnatal group and controls (p=0.001; p=0.001). Postnatally, the prenatal and postnatal groups had higher levels of anxiety compared to controls (p=0.025; p=0.0003). Life satisfaction was lower in the prenatal group compared to that in the postnatal group and in controls (p=0.000; p=0.0004).Conclusion:Parents with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD in offspring report a low sense of coherence already during pregnancy which decreased further at follow-up. The same group reported a lower satisfaction with life compared to parents of a child with postnatal diagnosis of CHD and parents of a healthy child. This motivates further efforts to improve counselling and support during pregnancy and for parents after a prenatal diagnosis.
Onset of Appearance and Potential Significance of Telocytes in the Developing Fetal Lung
Authors: Awad Mahmoud , Gaber Wafaa , Ibrahim Dalia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCD34, vimentin, and vascular endothelial growth factor immunohistochemical analysis and electron microscopic tools were employed to record the initial appearance of telocytes (TCs) and stage-by-stage variations in TC localizations in the developing rabbit lung. TCs could not be identified in the primitive embryonic lung until day 18 of gestation. In the pseudoglandular lung, CD34+TCs had been recorded under the cartilage of the main bronchus, in the wall of large-sized pulmonary vessels and large epithelial tubes. In the canalicular phase, TCs could be demonstrated in the smooth muscle layer of the bronchioles including the terminal ones. The strength of CD34 immunoreactive signals had been amplified by age until the day of parturition. Ultrastructurally, TCs consisted of a tiny body and exceptionally long telopodes (Tps). The Tp consisted of alternating thin segments (podomers) and dilated ones (podoms). The Tp sometimes branched with a dichotomous pattern. TCs interconnected in a network either by homocellular junctions with neighboring TCs or by heterocellular junctions with smooth muscle cells and alveolar cells. Collectively, early detection of TCs in pulmonary vessels suggests a potential role for TCs in their angiogenesis. For the lung tissue, TCs seem to be involved in the regulation of lung histogenesis.
A review of knowledge discovery process in control and mitigation of avian influenza
Authors: Yousefi Naghani Samira , Dara Rozita , Poljak Zvonimir , Sharif Shayan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the last several decades, avian influenza virus has caused numerous outbreaks around the world. These outbreaks pose a significant threat to the poultry industry and also to public health. When an avian influenza (AI) outbreak occurs, it is critical to make informed decisions about the potential risks, impact, and control measures. To this end, many modeling approaches have been proposed to acquire knowledge from different sources of data and perspectives to enhance decision making. Although some of these approaches have shown to be effective, they do not follow the process of knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). KDD is an iterative process, consisting of five steps, that aims at extracting unknown and useful information from the data. The present review attempts to survey AI modeling methods in the context of KDD process. We first divide the modeling techniques used in AI into two main categories: data-intensive modeling and small-data modeling. We then investigate the existing gaps in the literature and suggest several potential directions and techniques for future studies. Overall, this review provides insights into the control of AI in terms of the risk of introduction and spread of the virus.
Prospects for predictive modeling of transition cow diseases
Authors: Wisnieski Lauren , Norby Bo , Pierce Steven J. , Becker Tyler , Sordillo Lorraine M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransition cow diseases can negatively impact animal welfare and reduce dairy herd profitability. Transition cow disease incidence has remained relatively stable over time despite monitoring and management efforts aimed to reduce the risk of developing diseases. Dairy cattle disease risk is monitored by assessing multiple factors, including certain biomarker test results, health records, feed intake, body condition score, and milk production. However, these factors, which are used to make herd management decisions, are often reviewed separately without considering the correlation between them. In addition, the biomarkers that are currently used for monitoring may not be representative of the complex physiological changes that occur during the transition period. Predictive modeling, which uses data to predict future or current outcomes, is a method that can be used to combine the most predictive variables and their interactions efficiently. The use of an effective predictive model with relevant predictors for transition cow diseases will result in better targeted interventions, and therefore lower disease incidence. This review will discuss predictive modeling methods and candidate variables in the context of transition cow diseases. The next step is to investigate novel biomarkers and statistical methods that are best suited for the prediction of transition cow diseases.
Lawyers and law graduates in parliaments as a consequence of SMD electoral systems: a comparison of Japan, South Korea, and Germany
Authors: Joshi Devin K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study addresses the question of why so many of the world's legislators are lawyers or law graduates. Drawing from previous studies on lawyer-legislators and electoral systems, it develops the argument that ‘first-pass-the-post’ single-member district electoral systems presume a principal-agent logic of representation and are therefore conducive to political parties selecting representatives with either occupational experience or educational training in the field of law. By contrast, proportional representation (PR) elections presume a microcosm model of representation incentivizing parties to select candidates representing diverse demographic and occupational backgrounds. This conjecture is tested by examining legislator backgrounds in three large parliaments with mixed electoral systems: Germany, Japan, and South Korea. As expected, single-member plurality elections are linked to a greater share of lawyers and law graduates in parliaments compared to those elected via PR even after controlling for several alternative explanations.