bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use and misuse of lasers at protests
Authors: Murphy Patrick 
Published: November 2024

Laser pointers, and more powerful handheld lasers, have been used at protests as early as 2008. In the past few years usage has escalated dramatically, with lasers at protests in Chile, Hong Kong and the United States making worldwide news.
Uses include intentionally interfering with law enforcement officers and cameras, and to visually draw attention in a manner similar to waving signs and banners.
Usage to interfere has resulted in numerous claims of eye injury to law enforcement officers. Many of these claims appear to reference flashblindness/afterimage type temporary effects. There have been a few claims of officers with serious and/or permanent eye injury but these have not been substantiated.
To counter the eye injury potential, and the vision-blocking effects, police can use protective visor strips or eyewear. This has been shown to reduce the use of lasers against officers.
Restrictions or a ban on laser pointer possession or use by the general public probably will not help, at least in the near term. For example, restrictions in Australia and New Zealand intended to bring down the rate of aiming lasers at aircraft did not work; the rates in both countries actually went up for years after the bans.
With respect to all types of eye injuries at protests, there have been hundreds of cases where protesters had serious eye injuries and blindings due to law enforcement use of rubber bullets and lead pellets -- far outstripping the few claimed cases of serious eye injuries to officers caused by lasers.
Laser scanning applications and measurement conditions
Authors: Piok Thomas , Walser Andreas M. , Hinderling Jürg 
Published: November 2024

Traditional metrology devices using laser-based electronic distance meters were designed for single point measurements and scanning of stationary scenes. Newer devices are not mainly built for stationary use anymore. They are usually moved across the scenes like automotive LiDAR sensors. These mobile scanning systems often incorporate multiple laser beams or flash illumination combined with image-based detectors. The differences in design and in the application the devices are made for are illustrated showing some representative Leica Geosystems / Hexagon products.
One important part within the product safety evaluation of these LiDAR systems is the laser safety standard IEC-60825 series. The accessible emission (AE) and the accessible emission limit (AEL) have to be evaluated. Those values are paired and linked together with the measurement conditions defined by the standard with the measurement apertures and the minimum evaluation distance. Especially for unregularly pulsed systems including extended source, one will end up with a complex analysis to find the most restrictive ratio between the accessible emission and the accessible emission limit which might not be at the minimum evaluation distance. In the current edition 3.0 of the IEC-60825-1 standard, the influence of measurement condition 1 for mobile scanning devices does not have to be considered for a laser source with a time-varying origin compared to a stationary frame. In this proceeding, possible limitations of this exception of measurement condition 1 are discussed.
Interdisciplinary safety terms and principles for the industrial LSO
Authors: Paura Randy , Contrata Barbara Sams 
Published: November 2024

The industrial laser safety officer does not work in isolation, but as part of a team that contributes through various disciplines to put into effect a facility's safety program for the safe use of lasers. To achieve regulatory compliance for the build of systems utilizing lasers and their safe use efficiently and successfully, the responsible LSO must understand a core level of safety terms that are in use by other disciplines, such as electrical controls, which may not necessarily be adequately defined in laser user safety standards.
Drawing from specific public domain sources widely accepted in the manufacturing sector, this paper and supporting technical guide provides the industrial LSO with a robust cross-section of core safety terms, enabling effective communication of principles and concepts to achieve the safety goals identified for a specific project or the safety policy in general of their organization. The guide has also been benchmarked against noted industrial consensus standards to ensure the information presented is complimentary and does not conflict.
The target audience for this technical guide is the international industrial/manufacturing community; the two main domains from which the various reference guides, documents, and standards are drawn from, are:
North America: USA: ANSI B11 Series, NFPA 79, OSHACanada: CCOHS, CSA, OHSA
Europe, International: IEC, ISO, EU-OSHAUN: WHO, ILO
All reference materials are noted, providing the LSO a convenient means to locate additional supporting information.
The baseline for this work is the “ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014 Safety aspects — Guidelines for their inclusion in standards” [1], which is directly and indirectly employed by the various ANSI, IEC, and ISO technical safety standards identified in the Appendix of this paper and the technical guide.
The goal of this technical guide is to facilitate succinct communication among industrial safety professionals and non-professionals in their pursuit to achieve Light Applied Safely, Efficiently and Reliably [2] in their place of work.
Use of backscatter radiation from the laser process to provide proactive laser safety guarding and provide process feedback control
Authors: Tyrer John , Jones Lewis , Wheatley Trevor 
Published: November 2024

We report the use of backscatter sensors used to provide proactive laser safety protection as well as providing real-time process control potential in a laser welding process. Rather than use a single optical channel we have used multiple backscatter detectors each with a narrow bandwidth filter to examine the behaviour of backscatter in different spectral regions giving information concerning the state and stability of the laser process. As well as describing the stability of the laser process the backscatter also provides quantitative information concerning the absorption of the laser beam by the industrial process. Any rapid departure from this expected process condition can also be fed back to a laser safety management system to form the basis of a proactive control strategy to detect the onset of beam delivery failure and the possibility of an errant beam condition.
The proactive safety approach described here has significant technical and commercial advantages with regard to producing compact localised guarding systems which only need to provide protection from the errant laser by shutting down the process prior to the full laser beam escaping from its intended location. The protection system now need only provide protection from the laser using a time-based which is based on the shutdown response time of the sensor/management system. Here we seek to investigate the potential benefits and cost saving of the active sensing of the beam to reduce the unnecessary burden of excessive guarding as well as providing a useful laser welding process control system. Laser power sensor information defining the output at the laser aperture combined with backscatter detection from the irradiated component means that the laser safety management system is tracking the performance of the industrial process. Any significant departure from the expected outputs indicates a likely fault condition and the laser can be shut down immediately. Here we wish to define the next level of protection strategy as being proactive control stopping a hazardous situation from developing. Here we will provide results from a fibre laser welding installation using suitable multispectral backscatter detection for process control and a further laser safety management system which provides the necessary proactive laser safety control. This may have useful applications for the expanding use of handheld fibre laser processing systems which currently are proving difficult to adequately control with existing passive or active/reactive guarding strategies.
Extended Authentication Based on Geometric Patterns and Transformations
Authors: Krokosz Tomasz , Rykowski Jarogniew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Authentication by key is successfully applied in many cases. However, this simple approach raises several problems during contextual authentication, when the final decision depends not only on the knowledge of the key but also on some other independent parameters such as time, distance, values fetched from nearby internet of things (IoT) devices, etc. Such contextual parameters are usually considered an independent phase of the whole authentication process. In this paper, we propose a new method of extended authentication because, instead of using just keys, we also applied some mathematical formulas describing the context to be evaluated as a single cryptographic process.
PENGARUH SIKAP WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK UMKM PROVINSI BALI: PERAN ADOPSI E-FORM SEBAGAI PEMEDIASI
Authors: Mas Patni Widyasari Ida Ayu Gede 
Published: November 2024

Tingkat kontribusi usaha mikro kecil menengah (UMKM) terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) sebesar 62%. Namun hal ini tidak sejalan dengan kontribusi UMKM terhadap penerimaan pajak Indonesia. Target tax ratio Indonesia pada tahun 2024 hanya sebesar 9,95% sampai 10,20% masih lebih rendah dari pada target di tahun 2022. Maka dapat dikatakan bahwa kepatuhan pajak masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini ingin menguji apakah sistem e-form bisa memediasi pengaruh sikap wajib pajak terhadap kepatuhan pajak. Populasi UMKM di Provinsi Bali sebesar 439.382. Perhitungan sampel minimal menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan toleransi kesalahan 5% dan didapatkan sampel minimal yaitu 400. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang dikumpulkan dengan penyebaran kuisioner kepada responden secara online melalui media Google Form. Metode analisis menggunakan Path Analysis dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 26.0 dan untuk pengujian variabel mediasi menggunakan Sobel test. Temuan penelitian ini menyatakan jika sikap wajib pajak terhadap kepatuhan pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, adopsi e-form terhadap kepatuhan pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sikap wajib pajak terhadap adopsi e-form berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, dan adopsi e-form dapat memediasi sikap wajib pajak terhadap kepatuhan pajak.
Application of autoplasma enriched with thrombocytes in the comprehensive treatment of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Mikhailov A. Yu. , Khalimov E. V. , Remnyakov V. V. 
Published: November 2024

The OBJECTIVE was to assess the proposed treatment method for patients with acute pancreatitis in the 1 A phase of the disease’s development.METHODS AND MATERIALS. The data from the treatment of patients in the surgical departments of the City Clinical Hospital ¹ 6 in Izhevsk (Clinic of the Department of General Surgery, Izhevsk State Medical Academy) were ana lyzed. Two groups of patients with acute pancreatitis in the 1A phase of the disease development were formed. In the observation group, in addition to the basic treatment, autoplasmic thrombocyte concentrate was administered into the round ligament of the liver. The dynamics of the process and treatment outcomes were assessed based on the criteria scale of primary express assessment of acute pancreatitis severity by the St. Petersburg Research Institute named after I. I. Dzhanelidze (2006), leukocyte index of intoxication by V. K. Ostrovsky (2018), and the J. Ranson scale (1974).RESULTS. The use of autoplasmic thrombocyte concentrate in the observation group allows reducing the number of minimally invasive interventions to 17.7 %, or by 42.1 %, and the number of laparotomies to 5, or by 54.5 %, compared to the comparison group, avoiding fatal outcomes.CONCLUSION. The use of autoplasmic thrombocyte concentrate in the comprehensive treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis in the 1 A phase of development and its targeted delivery through the round ligament of the liver allows preventing lethality, reducing the number of complications of acute pancreatitis requiring surgical intervention.
Цифровизация экономики и распределение первичных доходов между трудом и капиталом
Authors: В. П. Клавдиенко 
Published: November 2024

В статье исследована динамика доли оплаты труда работников в ВВП многих стран мира с различным уровнем технического, экономического и социального развития. Установлено, что распространенный в экономической литературе тезис о стабильности этой доли в долговременном периоде перестал соответствовать реалиям. Выявлена устойчивая тенденция к снижению доли оплаты труда в пользу роста доли прибыли в ВВП, проявляющаяся в последние десятилетия как в странах мирового авангарда, так и во многих развивающихся государствах. Рассмотрен механизм воздействия процесса цифровизации экономики на происходящие сдвиги в структуре ВВП по видам первичных доходов. Высказано убеждение, что развертывающаяся на фоне цифровизации глобальная тенденция к снижению доли доходов, получаемых работниками за выполненную работу в пользу роста доли доходов, получаемых собственниками капитала, может не только содействовать обострению социальных конфликтов в отдельных странах, но и создавать серьезные препятствия для реализации целей устойчивого развития мирового сообщества, сформулированных Парижским соглашением (2015 г.)
The article explores the dynamics of the share of workers' wages in the GDP of many countries with different levels of technical, economic and social development. It has been established that the thesis about the stability of this share in the long term, which is widespread in the economic literature, has ceased to correspond to reality. A steady tendency towards a decrease in the share of wages in favor of an increase in the share of profits in GDP was revealed, which has been clearly manifested in recent decades both in countries of the world vanguard and in many developing countries. The mechanism of the impact of the process of digitalization of the economy on the ongoing shifts in the structure of GDP by types of primary income is considered. It is convinced that the global tendency to reduce the share of income earned by employees for work done in favor of increasing the share of income earned by capital owners, which is developing against the backdrop of digitalization, can not only contribute to exacerbating social conflicts in individual countries, but also create serious obstacles to achieving sustainable goals the development of the international community formulated by the Paris Agreement (2015)
Технологии дополненной реальности в сфере образования
Authors: А. Е. Кирьянов , Р. М. Йылмаз , Д. В. Маслов , Н. Н. Масюк , Б. А. Воробьев 
Published: November 2024

Современная система образования сталкивается с серьезными вызовами, многие из которых являются вызовами технологическими: дистанционные платформы, новые форматы групповой динамики, доступ к большому объему данных и информации и т.д. Методы и инструменты обучения также претерпевают изменения под прессом цифровизации. Одним из перспективных направлений является применение технологий дополненной реальности (AR) в разных сегментах сферы образования. Авторы статьи анализируют имеющиеся исследования по теме и определяют основные тенденции развития AR для разных уровней образования
The modern education system faces serious challenges, many of which are technological challenges: distance platforms, new group dynamics, access to a large amount of data and information, etc. Teaching methods and tools are also undergoing changes under the pressure of digitalization. One of the promising areas of development is the use of augmented reality (AR) technologies in different segments of the education sector. The authors of the article analyze the available research on the topic and determine the main trends in the development of AR for different levels of education
Инновации и конкурентоспособность. Каузальность понятий
Authors: Н. П. Четырбок 
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы корреляции понятий инновационной деятельности и конкурентоспособности с позиции имеющихся между ними причинно-следственных связей. Исследуются исторические подходы к каузальности категорий конкуренции и научно-технического прогресса. Анализируется влияние институциональных условий на конкурентоспособность экономических систем
The issues of correlation between the concepts of innovation and competitiveness from the standpoint of the causal relationships between them are discussed in the article. Historical approaches to the causality of the categories of competition and scientific and technological progress are researched. The influence of institutional conditions on the competitiveness of economic systems is analyzed
Внутренний потенциал технологической модернизации промышленных предприятий
Authors: Е. А. Горин 
Published: November 2024

Обсуждаются ориентиры и механизмы активизации процессов модернизации современных промышленных предприятий. Представлены результаты изучения инновационной активности и влияние различных факторов на промышленные предприятия Санкт-Петербурга. Рассмотрена роль промышленного предприятия как системообразующего социально-экономического элемента, осуществляющего в производственном процессе, наряду с функциями заказчика и потребителя новаций, задачи инновационной модернизации через внутреннюю генерацию новых знаний и технологический трансфер. Выделены социальный аспект и роль производственных коллективов как внутреннего потенциала для повышения эффективности экономики, реализации существующих возможностей и преодоления барьеров
The guidelines and mechanisms for activating the modernization processes of modern industrial enterprises are discussed. The results of the study of innovation activity and the impact of various factors on the industrial enterprises of St. Petersburg are presented. The role of an industrial enterprise as a systemforming socio-economic element that performs in the production process, along with the functions of the customer and consumer of innovations, the tasks of innovative modernization through internal generation of new knowledge and technological transfer are analyzed. The social aspect and the role of production teams as a own potential for improving the efficiency of the economy, realizing existing opportunities and overcoming barriers are highlighted
Prediksi Waktu Kerusakan Mesin Batching plant Menggunakan Metode Support Vector Machine untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Operasional
Authors: Rany Riyantati Dena , Sukmono Tedjo 
Published: November 2024

The increasing need for productivity and the use of high technology in the form of machines increases the need for maintenance functions. At PT. XYZ, which produces ready mix concrete , has problems with the production machine with excess machine load. This results in downtime and delays in the production process, resulting in a decrease in machine operational productivity. The purpose of this study is to predict the time of damage to the engine, so that it can determine the right engine maintenance schedule periodically. In this research, the method used is Support Vector Machine which is implemented to python. This prediction is carried out to improve the efficiency and performance of the machine by predicting damage or failure that may occur in the future. Where this SVM can accurately predict breakdowns and proactively optimize maintenance schedules at the right time. This allows companies to improve efficiency in their operational systems, extend the life of machines, and reduce maintenance costs.
Analysis of a Residential RC Building Subjected to Blast Load Using Time History Method
Authors: Tanvir Siddiky  , Chy Nur Sazzad Hossain 
Published: November 2024

Blast incidents in recent years, such as in the Russia-Ukraine war, indicate that most terrorist attacks target high-occupancy iconic and public buildings using high explosives. This assessment is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies to enhance the building's resilience and safety of buildings like Embassies, banks, hospitals, monumental buildings, headquarters etc. should be designed and analyzed to withstand blast effects within acceptable limits. The theoretical analysis will encompass a thorough review of prevailing design codes, standards, and guidelines concerning blast-resistant design. Furthermore, advanced computational tools will be employed to conduct numerical simulations, allowing for the simulation and analysis of the performance of reinforced concrete structures under blast loads. After collecting required data from the design of a proposed residential building for CUET professors and the soil condition from further field investigation we acquainted these data with ETABS 2018 software which was utilized in this study for load estimation and analysis purposes. After analyzing the model with standard load applications, the blast load for our chosen building (CUET Professor’s Building) subjected to different explosions (100kg, 200kg, and 300kg TNT equivalent weight) from different stand-off distances (10m and 20m) has been calculated with compliance of IS code 4991.The blast load application has been validated in ETABS software by doing a blast load analysis of a portal frame as an example. The time period and the displacement due to blast load obtained by the end of the time history analysis in the software are compared with the values obtained by manual calculation from the book “Dynamics of Structure” by Ray W. Clough which has a slight marginal error of 2.12% for time period value and 1.2% for the displacement value, which is acceptable. Thus, the further blast load applications were carried out using Time History analysis. The response of the building in terms of displacement and drift is more when the blast's standoff distance is less and the charge weight is more. Thus, the response is inversely proportional to the standoff distance and proportional to the charge weight. Considering the values of different parameters, the cases of 100kg 20m blast and 200kg 20m blast are within the safe limit. In contrast, the rest of the cases exceed the allowable limit for this particular building. We have also stated a comparison between the severity of earthquake load to blast loads by plotting a story displacement and a story drift ratio curve.
КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТУРИЗМУ ТА ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННОЇ СПРАВИ: СИСТЕМНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: ПРОКОПЕЦЬ Ярослав , НЕСТОРИШЕН Ігор , РУДНІЧЕНКО Євгеній 
Published: November 2024

В статті досліджено особливості забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємств туризму та готельно-ресторанної справи в контексті їх взаємодії в процесі надання послуг мандрівникам. Авторами зазначено, що запорукою успіху в сучасних умовах є розроблення інноваційних продуктів, забезпечення високого рівня сервісу та зручності для клієнтів, що робить партнерство між готелями, ресторанами та туристичними агенціями надзвичайно важливим.. Зауважено, сучасні реалії диктують високі вимоги до якості послуг та індивідуального підходу до кожного клієнта, оскільки подорожуючі все більше очікують отримати не просто проживання та харчування, а незабутні враження та емоції.