bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Borrelia in Ixodes scapularis ticks by silver stain, immunohistochemical and direct immunofluorescent methods
Authors: Galan Anjela , Kupernik Paul , Cowper Shawn E. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundLyme disease (LD) is one of the most common tick‐borne diseases caused by several Borrelia species of spirochetes. Ixodes scapularis is responsible for the transmission of LD in the northeastern United States. The rate of infection varies with the duration of tick attachment to the host; however, this information may be unknown. In skin biopsies, it is often difficult to identify spirochetes. Testing of ticks is not routinely performed. Treatment is established by clinical presentation.ObjectiveTo test paraffin‐embedded I. scapularis ticks for Borrelia by different methods.Materials/MethodsWe examined 20 paraffin‐embedded ticks by silver stain, immunohistochemical (IHC) and direct immunofluorescent (DIF) methods and compared the percentage of positivity with DIF results from the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station.ResultsThe results were similar by DIF, which proved to be the most sensitive method, followed by the silver stain and IHC.ConclusionWe found that the identification of spirochetes in paraffin‐embedded ticks was less difficult than in tissue with a comparable turnaround time to that of a routine biopsy. Timely identification of Borrelia in ticks may influence the clinical management of the patients.
Digit identity influences numerical estimation in children and adults
Authors: Lai Maxine , Zax Alexandra , Barth Hilary 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLearning the meanings of Arabic numerals involves mapping the number symbols to mental representations of their corresponding, approximate numerical quantities. It is often assumed that performance on numerical tasks, such as number line estimation (NLE), is primarily driven by translating from a presented numeral to a mental representation of its overall magnitude. Part of this assumption is that the overall numerical magnitude of the presented numeral, not the specific digits that comprise it, is what matters for task performance. Here we ask whether the magnitudes of the presented target numerals drive symbolic number line performance, or whether specific digits influence estimates. If the former is true, estimates of numerals with very similar magnitudes but different hundreds digits (such as 399 and 402) should be placed in similar locations. However, if the latter is true, these placements will differ significantly. In two studies (N = 262), children aged 7–11 and adults completed 0–1000 NLE tasks with target values drawn from a set of paired numerals that fell on either side of “Hundreds” boundaries (e.g., 698 and 701) and “Fifties” boundaries (e.g., 749 and 752). Study 1 used an atypical speeded NLE task, while Study 2 used a standard non‐speeded NLE task. Under both speeded and non‐speeded conditions, specific hundreds digits in the target numerals exerted a strong influence on estimates, with large effect sizes at all ages, showing that the magnitudes of target numerals are not the primary influence shaping children's or adults’ placements. We discuss patterns of developmental change and individual difference revealed by planned and exploratory analyses.
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors and the risk of ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kim Young‐Gun , Jeon Ja Young , Han Seung Jin , Kim Dae Jung , Lee Kwan‐Woo , Kim Hae Jin 
Published: March 2018

AimsTo estimate the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) associated with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor treatment compared with the risk associated with dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor treatment.MethodsA nationwide population‐based cohort study using claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2017 was performed. A total of 56 325 patients who were started on SGLT2 inhibitors were included in this study and were matched with same number of patients who were started on DPP‐4 inhibitors using propensity score matching. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of hospitalization for DKA.ResultsThe risk of hospitalization for DKA was not increased in SGLT2 inhibitor users vs DPP‐4 inhibitor users (hazard ratio [HR] 0.956, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.581‐1.572; P = .996). The incidence rate of hospitalization for DKA during the first 30 days after initiation of the SGLT2 inhibitor was 2.501 cases per 1000 person‐years, which was higher than the rate during 3 years (0.614 cases per 1000 person‐years). SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a higher HR in patients with diabetic microvascular complications (HR 2.044, 95% CI 0.900‐4.640; P = .088) and in patients taking diuretics (HR 3.648, 95% CI 0.720‐18.480; P = .118), although these associations were not statistically significant.ConclusionWe found that SGLT2 inhibitor treatment did not increase the risk of DKA compared with DPP‐4 inhibitor treatment. Our findings suggest that patients prescribed diuretics or those with microvascular complications may have a greater tendency to be hospitalized for DKA.
Diagnostic accuracy of dual‐source computed tomography angiography for the detection of coronary in‐stent restenosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Wen‐Jun , Li Gui‐Zhen , Liu Hai‐Feng , Lei Jun‐Qiang 
Published: March 2018

We sought to perform a meta‐analysis to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dual‐source computed tomography angiography (DSCTA) in detecting coronary in‐stent restenosis (CISR) when compared to invasive coronary angiography. The stent‐based research studies in which DSCTA was used as diagnostic tool for CISR, as recent as of October 2017, from several reputed scientific libraries (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were evaluated. Study inclusion, data extraction, and risk bias assessment were conducted by two researchers independently. Pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under summary receiver operator characteristics (SROC) curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value. In addition, heterogeneity and subgroup analysis were also carried out. A total of 13 studies with a total of 894 patients and 1384 assessable stents were included. The pooled results of DSCTA diagnosing CISR were as follows: SEN 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.96), SPE 0.91 (95% CI 0.87–0.94), PLR 9.83 (95% CI 6.93–13.94), NLR 0.09 (95% CI 0.05–0.15), DOR 114.73 (95% CI 64.12–205.28), and AUC 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–0.98), respectively. The subgroup analysis result suggested that DSTCA performed significantly better in CISR detection when the stent diameter was ≥3 mm compared with the stent diameter <3 mm: (0.98 [0.97–0.99] vs 0.82 [0.79–0.86]) with P < .05. This study revealed that DSCTA has excellent diagnostic performance for detecting CISR and may serve as an alternative for further patient evaluation with CISR, especially for stent diameter ≥3 mm.
Role of prephase treatment prior to definitive chemotherapy in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Lakshmaiah K C , Asati Vikas , Babu K Govind , D Lokanath , Jacob Linu Abraham , M C Suresh Babu , K N Lokesh , L K Rajeev , A H Rudresh , Saldanha Smitha , Koppaka Deepak , Patidar Rajesh , C S Premalata 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundDuring the treatment of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, treatment‐related toxicities are higher in the initial phase of treatment (First cycle effect). Toxicities can be tumor lysis syndrome, deterioration in performance status, febrile neutropenia, and rarely mortality. Prephase treatment before definitive chemotherapy is used in European countries to alleviate these toxicities.MethodsThis was a non‐randomized study carried out with the aim to evaluate the role of prephase treatment given prior to definitive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts “prephase cohort” and “non‐prephase cohort.” Prephase cohort received prephase treatment consisting of vincristine (1 mg) on −6th day and prednisolone 100 mg daily for 7 days (−6th day to day 0). Prephase treatment was followed by CHOP/R‐CHOP chemotherapy on day 1. Non‐prephase cohort received chemotherapy without prephase. Both groups were followed up for 30 days post‐first cycle chemotherapy.ResultsA total of 100 patients with DLBCL (50 in each cohort) were enrolled. There was a significant improvement in performance status of the patients who received prephase. A majority of 92% patients attained ECOG performance status of either 0 or 1 before starting chemotherapy in the prephase cohort. Febrile neutropenia was lower (16%) in the prephase cohort as compared with the non‐prephase cohort (34%; P = .037).ConclusionPrephase treatment prior to definitive chemotherapy (CHOP ± Rituximab) improves the performance status and decreases first cycle effect in DLBCL patients.
Structural characterization of POM6 Fab and mouse prion protein complex identifies key regions for prions conformational conversion
Authors: Baral Pravas Kumar , Swayampakula Mridula , Aguzzi Adriano , James Michael N. G. 
Published: March 2018

Conversion of the cellular prion protein PrPC into its pathogenic isoform PrPSc is the hallmark of prion diseases, fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting many mammalian species including humans. Anti‐prion monoclonal antibodies can arrest the progression of prion diseases by stabilizing the cellular form of the prion protein. Here, we present the crystal structure of the POM6 Fab fragment, in complex with the mouse prion protein (moPrP). The prion epitope of POM6 is in close proximity to the epitope recognized by the purportedly toxic antibody fragment, POM1 Fab also complexed with moPrP. The POM6 Fab recognizes a larger binding interface indicating a likely stronger binding compared to POM1. POM6 and POM1 exhibit distinct biological responses. Structural comparisons of the bound mouse prion proteins from the POM6 Fab:moPrP and POM1 Fab:moPrP complexes reveal several key regions of the prion protein that might be involved in initiating mis‐folding events.DatabaseThe structural data of moPrP:POM6 Fab complex are available in the PDB under the accession number www.rcsb.org/pdb/search/structidSearch.do?structureId=6AQ7.
Short Interest and Lottery Stocks
Authors: Bergsma Kelley , Tayal Jitendra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe find short interest‐related mispricing is strongest in lottery stocks. As stocks become more lottery‐like, arbitrage risk increases, resulting in higher overpricing (underpricing) in high (low) relative short interest (RSI) stocks. Monthly portfolio alphas are –1.61% for high RSI lottery stocks, whereas high RSI stocks with the least lottery‐like attributes show statistically insignificant alphas. Among lightly shorted stocks, lottery securities exhibit monthly alphas of 1.80%. Thus, although lottery stocks as a group typically underperform, investors can earn positive abnormal returns in lightly shorted lottery stocks. Our results suggest that lottery stocks’ greater noise trader risk and higher transactions costs impedes arbitrage in short interest‐related mispricing.
Vascular plant‐mediated controls on atmospheric carbon assimilation and peat carbon decomposition under climate change
Authors: Gavazov Konstantin , Albrecht Remy , Buttler Alexandre , Dorrepaal Ellen , Garnett Mark H. , Gogo Sebastien , Hagedorn Frank , Mills Robert T. E. , Robroek Bjorn J. M. , Bragazza Luca 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClimate change can alter peatland plant community composition by promoting the growth of vascular plants. How such vegetation change affects peatland carbon dynamics remains, however, unclear. In order to assess the effect of vegetation change on carbon uptake and release, we performed a vascular plant‐removal experiment in two Sphagnum‐dominated peatlands that represent contrasting stages of natural vegetation succession along a climatic gradient. Periodic measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange revealed that vascular plants play a crucial role in assuring the potential for net carbon uptake, particularly with a warmer climate. The presence of vascular plants, however, also increased ecosystem respiration, and by using the seasonal variation of respired CO2 radiocarbon (bomb‐14C) signature we demonstrate an enhanced heterotrophic decomposition of peat carbon due to rhizosphere priming. The observed rhizosphere priming of peat carbon decomposition was matched by more advanced humification of dissolved organic matter, which remained apparent beyond the plant growing season. Our results underline the relevance of rhizosphere priming in peatlands, especially when assessing the future carbon sink function of peatlands undergoing a shift in vegetation community composition in association with climate change.
Comparison of oral health status and daily nutrient intake between elders who live alone and elders who live with family: Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI) (2013‐2015)
Authors: Kim Eun‐Jeong , Jin Bo‐Hyoung 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo compare the nutritional factors and oral status of elders living alone and elders living with their families in Korea.BackgroundNumerous studies have found that the presence of fewer remaining teeth is associated with decreased nutrient intake; however, there is no study comparing the nutritional status and oral status of elders living alone with that of elders living with family based on a nationally representative sample.MethodsA sample of 2904 individuals who participated in the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was reviewed (65‐84 years of age). Living status was defined according to the participants’ self‐reported questionnaire, and a nutrient intake questionnaire was designed as an open questionnaire and used during the face‐to‐face interviews. The number of existing teeth was used to determine oral status. A complex‐sample general linear analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between the number of teeth and nutrient intake among elders living with family and elders living alone after adjusting for confounders.ResultsElders living alone were significantly older and tended to have the following characteristics: women, lower household income, lower educational level, poor perceived health status, non‐smokers, non‐drinkers and lack of physical activity. Elders living alone had a poorer perceived oral health status, had not received an oral examination in the past year, had chewing problems and had fewer existing teeth (P < .05). Elders living with family showed better oral health and nutrient intake status. Participants who had many existing teeth had higher nutrient intake than the participants who had fewer existing teeth.ConclusionsFor healthy lives at old age, family support or additional social support for elders living alone should be considered.
Applications of ice‐templated ceramics
Authors: White Mary Anne , Conrad Jacy , Chen Ran , Romao Carl , Pereira Anderson , Hill Ian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe freeze‐cast ceramics process involves the use of an aqueous slurry in which ice acts as a fugitive template, providing control of the morphology of the resultant green body, which is then sintered. Here, we report a variety of applications of ice‐templated ceramics, showcasing the versatility of the process. Applications include: as a suitable scaffold for silver loading and release at concentrations that could show antibacterial properties; as a component of a robust composite material with negative thermal expansion but reduced material cost; as thin porous structures for dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Residual thermal stress of SiC/Ti3SiC2/SiC joints calculation and relaxed by postannealing
Authors: Zhou Xiaobing , Li Youbing , Li Yifan , Liu Zhen , Yang Hui , Ding Shurong , Han Young‐Hwan , Lee Jaehyung , Du Shiyu , Huang Qing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractResidual thermal stresses in SiC/Ti3SiC2/SiC joining couples were calculated by Raman spectra and simulated by finite element analysis, and then relaxed successfully by postannealing. The results showed that the thermal residual stress between Ti3SiC2 and SiC was about on the order of 1 GPa when cooling from 1300°C to 25°C. The thermal residual stresses can be relaxed by the recovery of structure disorders during postannealing. When the SiC/Ti3SiC2/SiC joints postannealed at 900°C, the bending strength reached 156.9 ± 13.5 MPa, which was almost twice of the as‐obtained SiC/Ti3SiC2/SiC joints. Furthermore, the failure occurred at the SiC matrix suggested that both the flexural strength of joining layer and interface were higher than the SiC matrix.
The effect and mechanism of ultrasonic treatment on the postharvest texture of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes)
Authors: Ni Zhendan , Xu Shixiang , Ying Tiejin 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFresh shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) are prone to texture softening and quality decline during storage. We investigated the effects of prestorage ultrasonic treatment on the textural changes of the mushrooms during storage. We monitored physiological parameters, such as respiration intensity, weight loss, cell wall composition and resistance‐related enzymes activity. The hardness of the ultrasonic‐treated (40 kHz, 80 W L−1, 20 min) mushrooms after 12 days of storage (0.461 N) was significantly higher than the untreated control group (0.286 N). The weight loss and respiration intensity of the ultrasonic‐treated group were significantly lower, whereas the cell wall contents, including glucan and chitin, were significantly higher. The ultrasonic‐treated mushrooms also had higher phenylalanine ammonia lyase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Thus, ultrasound preserves the texture of mushrooms by reducing metabolic rate, maintaining cell wall compositions, activating the activity of SOD and maintaining the activity of PAL and CAT.
From machismo to co‐parenting: Changing Italy's mindset
Authors: MARTONE Michel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article analyses the complex legislative and judicial processes that would be required to establish the right to co‐parenting in the Italian labour regulation system. Identifying a trend in the Italian legal system that has so far limited family protection to the support of women and maternity, the author then elaborates on the legislative evolution that has led to the acknowledgment of fathers as key partners in their children's upbringing. Lastly, an analysis of case law shows how this has been used to give a modern interpretation of legislated principles, providing a crucial contribution to overcoming the ongoing resistance to these processes from a male‐oriented culture.
Metabolic control of cell fate bifurcations in a hematopoietic progenitor population
Authors: Kratchmarov Radomir , Viragova Sara , Kim Min Jung , Rothman Nyanza J , Liu Kang , Reizis Boris , Reiner Steven L 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGrowth signals drive hematopoietic progenitor cells to proliferate and branch into divergent cell fates, but how unequal outcomes arise from a common progenitor is not fully understood. We used steady‐state analysis of in vivo hematopoiesis and Fms‐related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L)‐induced in vitro differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) to determine how growth signals regulate lineage bias. We found that Flt3L signaling induced anabolic activation and proliferation of DC progenitors, which was associated with DC differentiation. Perturbation of processes associated with quiescence and catabolism, including AMP‐activated protein kinase signaling, fatty acid oxidation, or mitochondrial clearance increased development of cDC2 cells at the expense of cDC1 cells. Conversely, scavenging anabolism‐associated reactive oxygen species skewed differentiation toward cDC1 cells. Sibling daughter cells of dividing DC progenitors exhibited unequal expression of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8, which correlated with clonal divergence in FoxO3a signaling and population‐level bifurcation of cell fate. We propose that unequal transmission of growth signals during cell division might support fate branches during proliferative expansion of progenitors.
Responses of carbon metabolism and antioxidant system of summer maize to waterlogging at different stages
Authors: Ren B. , Zhang J. , Dong S. , Liu P. , Zhao B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA field experiment was performed to explore responses of carbon metabolism, antioxidant system and endogenous hormone content of summer maize hybrids DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958) to waterlogging at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6) and the 10th day after the tasselling stage (10VT). Results showed that waterlogging significantly decreased the contents of zeatin riboside (ZR), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), compared to those of CK. However, leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content was significantly increased by waterlogging at different stages, with the most significant increase was found in the treatment of waterlogging at V3 (V3‐W), with an increase of 30% and 29% for DH605 and ZD958, respectively. Waterlogging significantly decreased antioxidative enzyme activities, accelerating leaf senescence, resulted in the disorder of leaf gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In addition, waterlogging decreased key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), with the most significant reduction in V3‐W, with a decrease of 46% and 49% for DH605, and 53% and 55% for ZD958, respectively. Visibly, waterlogging disturbed carbon metabolism, affected plant endogenous hormone content, accelerated leaf senescence and eventually resulted in a significant reduction in photosynthetic characteristic and grain yield. V3 was most susceptible to waterlogging, followed by V6 and 10VT.
Use of nanocomposites as permeability reducing admixtures
Authors: Valentini Luca , Ferrari Giorgio , Russo Vincenzo , Štefančič Mateja , Zalar Serjun Vesna , Artioli Gilberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPermeability is one of the fundamental properties of concrete structures as it is strictly related to durability. Mitigation of the degradation processes induced by aggressive solutions can be achieved by controlling water penetration through the pore network. In this study, we test the potential use of nanocomposites as waterproofing agents in concrete. Macroscopic measurements show that the addition of a small amount of nanoparticles effectively reduces the extent of the water permeation front. A combination of experiments, based on X‐ray tomography, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and BET nitrogen adsorption, and of numerical simulations, are used to interpret the macroscopic observations. These investigations show that C–S–H precipitation away from cement surfaces, induced by the presence of nanoparticles, leads to a refinement of the pore network. Such a microstructural change in the cement matrix results in a net reduction in the overall concrete permeability.