bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hikikomori: debating a XXI century phenomenon from a clinical point of view
Authors: Ranieri Fiorenzo , Luccherino Luciano 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The term hikikomori describes a specific form of social withdrawal that can be observed in children, adolescents, and young adults. Epidemiological research studies have shown that this condition is comorbid with a psychopathological disorder only in 50% of all cases. Many young people in a state of withdrawal do not show symptoms ascribable to already known diagnostic parameters. The authors, psychologist, and psychiatrist at the UFSMIA (Functional Mental Health Unit for Children and Adolescents) in Arezzo, illustrate the current debate on the hikikomori phenomenon from a number of viewpoints: psychiatric, sociological, anthropological, and psychological. On the basis of a clinical case discussed at length in this paper, the authors define their viewpoints and the strategies initiated at the Mental Health Unit in the presence of a patient displaying a state of acute social withdrawal. The multiple actions taken by the UFSMIA are combined according to the concept of modularity. Clinical experiences collected allow the definition of therapeutic protocols useful for the treatment of hikikomori adolescents. The overall objective is to promote the autonomy of the adolescent, as well as the reinforcement of his/her identity and personal resources, as well as the non-traumatic re-entry into the social context.
Using a conductivity–alkalinity relationship as a tool to identify surface waters in reference condition across Canada
Authors: Proulx C. L. , Kilgour B. W. , Francis A. P. , Bouwhuis R. F. , Hill J. R. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The underlying natural relationship between conductivity and alkalinity was used to identify surface water quality monitoring sites that are in a ‘reference’ or minimally disturbed condition. Data from over 40,500 freshwater samples from 1,230 sites were combined for the time period of 2005–2015 from various federal, provincial, and joint federal–provincial/territorial freshwater monitoring programs (e.g., Freshwater Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Program, Ontario's Provincial Water Quality Monitoring Network). Of the samples, 30,347 provided conductivity and alkalinity data. Surface water samples with a measured conductivity that deviated (by more than 41 μS/cm) from the predicted conductivity calculated from the sample's alkalinity were deemed to be non-representative of a reference condition, while samples within 41 μS/cm of the predicted value were deemed representative of a reference condition. The 41 μS/cm cutoff value was determined using signal detection theory. The conductivity–alkalinity model was validated through a comparison with land cover data by demonstrating that samples identified as ‘reference’ were typically from catchments that had minimal anthropogenic disturbances. The proposed approach provides a rapid means of evaluating the reference condition of a watercourse, and of identifying data that provide an estimate of reference condition.
At the Crossroads of Science and Religion: A Sociological Approach
Authors: Rogińska Maria 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The relationship between science and religion has recently become the topic of intense discussions in the public sphere. However, up to now empirical social sciences have neglected qualitative reconstructions of scientists’ worldviews in this area. The material for my analysis is 50 in-depth interviews with biologists and physicists, employees of scientific research institutes of Polish Academy of Sciences and universities in Poland. The largest group of the respondents agreed with the idea that the areas of science and religion do not overlap. Besides, the majority of Polish natural scientists including a little less than half of all non-believers demonstrates aversion to the conflict narrative. My study reconstructs narrative strategies of the respondents that refer to the science-religion interconnection.
Nauczyciel wobec inności ucznia na szkolnej scenie dramatu
Authors: Gajak-Toczek Małgorzata 
Published: June 2018

Głównym celem artykułu: Nauczyciel wobec inności ucznia na szkolnej scenie dramatu jest transpozycja kategorii „inności”, która wywodzi się z filozofii człowieka Józefa Tischnera, na grunt szkolnej dydaktyki i wykorzystanie jej do przedstawienia relacji między nauczycielem i uczeniem. Autorka tego artykułu, bazując na ideach filozofii dialogu, opisuje role ucznia i nauczyciela w procesie edukacyjnym. Wskazuje zarówno przeszkody w możliwościach dialogu (tu zalicza m.in.: bariery wynikające z podstawy programowej, systemu egzaminacyjnego, obligatoryjnego ograniczenia funkcji wychowania, wielości interakcji wychowawczych oddziałujących na jednostkę w społecznym dialogu), jak też określa płaszczyzny, które pozwalają na osiągnięcie porozumienia obu stron w akcie szkolnej komunikacji. Za ważne uznaje wzajemne poznanie w horyzoncie agatologicznym i aksjologicznym, nadanie spotkaniu charakteru wydarzenia uobecniającego. Za cechę niezbywalną właściwie organizowanego procesu dydaktycznego uznaje konieczność przyjęcia przez nauczyciela postawy otwartej wobec inności innego – nie może być Ja-w-sobie-i-dla-siebie, musi się stać ja-z-innym, a nawet ja-dla-innego, znieść własną inność. Głównym celem artykułu: Nauczyciel wobec inności ucznia na szkolnej scenie dramatu jest transpozycja kategorii „inności”, która wywodzi się z filozofii człowieka Józefa Tischnera, na grunt szkolnej dydaktyki i wykorzystanie jej do przedstawienia relacji między nauczycielem i uczeniem. Autorka tego artykułu, bazując na ideach filozofii dialogu, opisuje role ucznia i nauczyciela w procesie edukacyjnym. Wskazuje zarówno przeszkody w możliwościach dialogu (tu zalicza m.in.: bariery wynikające z podstawy programowej, systemu egzaminacyjnego, obligatoryjnego ograniczenia funkcji wychowania, wielości interakcji wychowawczych oddziałujących na jednostkę w społecznym dialogu), jak też określa płaszczyzny, które pozwalają na osiągnięcie porozumienia obu stron w akcie szkolnej komunikacji. Za ważne uznaje wzajemne poznanie w horyzoncie agatologicznym i aksjologicznym, nadanie spotkaniu charakteru wydarzenia uobecniającego. Za cechę niezbywalną właściwie organizowanego procesu dydaktycznego uznaje konieczność przyjęcia przez nauczyciela postawy otwartej wobec inności innego – nie może być Ja-w-sobie-i-dla-siebie, musi się stać ja-z-innym, a nawet ja-dla-innego, znieść własną inność.
Self-referrals versus physician referrals: What new patient visit yields an actual surgical case?
Authors: Herring Eric Z. , Peck Matthew R. , Vonck Caroline E. , Smith Gabriel A. , Mroz Thomas E. , Steinmetz Michael P. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVESpine surgeons in the United States continue to be overwhelmed by an aging population, and patients are waiting weeks to months for appointments. With a finite number of clinic visits per surgeon, analysis of referral sources needs to be explored. In this study, the authors evaluated patient referrals and their yield for surgical volume at a tertiary care center.METHODSThis is a retrospective study of new patient visits by the spine surgery group at the Cleveland Clinic Center for Spine Health from 2011 to 2016. Data on all new or consultation visits for 5 identified spinal surgeons at the Center for Spine Health were collected. Patients with an identifiable referral source and who were at least 18 years of age at initial visit were included in this study. Univariate analysis was used to identify demographic differences among referral groups, and then multivariate analysis was used to evaluate those referral groups as significant predictors of surgical yield.RESULTSAfter adjusting for demographic differences across all referrals, multivariate analysis identified physician referrals as more likely (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.04–2.10, p = 0.0293) to yield a surgical case than self-referrals. General practitioner referrals (OR 0.5616, 95% CI 0.3809–0.8278, p = 0.0036) were identified as less likely to yield surgical cases than referrals from interventionalists (OR 1.5296, p = 0.058) or neurologists (OR 1.7498, 95% CI 1.0057–3.0446, p = 0.0477). Additionally, 2 demographic factors, including distance from home and age, were identified as predictors of surgery. Local patients (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.29, p = 0.018) and those 65 years of age or older (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.72–0.87, p = 0.0023) were both more likely to need surgery after establishing care with a spine surgeon.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, referrals from general practitioners and self-referrals are important areas where focused triaging may be necessary. Further research into midlevel providers and nonsurgical spine provider’s role in these referrals for spine pathology is needed. Patients from outside of the state or younger than 65 years could benefit from pre-visit screening as well to optimize a surgeon’s clinic time use and streamline patient care.
A New Method to Comprehensively Diagnose Shock Waves in the Solar Atmosphere Based on Simultaneous Spectroscopic and Imaging Observations
Authors: Ruan Wenzhi , Yan Limei , He Jiansen , Zhang Lei , Wang Linghua , Wei Yong 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Shock waves are believed to play an important role in plasma heating. The shock-like temporal jumps in radiation intensity and Doppler shift have been identified in the solar atmosphere. However, a quantitative diagnosis of the shocks in the solar atmosphere is still lacking, seriously hindering the understanding of shock dissipative heating of the solar atmosphere. Here, we propose a new method to realize the goal of the shock quantitative diagnosis, based on Rankine–Hugoniot equations and taking the advantages of simultaneous imaging and spectroscopic observations from, e.g., IRIS (Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph). Because of this method, the key parameters of shock candidates can be derived, such as the bulk velocity and temperature of the plasma in the upstream and downstream, the propagation speed and direction. The method is applied to the shock candidates observed by IRIS, and the overall characteristics of the shocks are revealed quantitatively for the first time. This method is also tested with the help of forward modeling, i.e., virtual observations of simulated shocks. The parameters obtained from the method are consistent with the parameters of the shock formed in the model and are independent of the viewing direction. Therefore, the method we proposed here is applicable to the quantitative and comprehensive diagnosis of the observed shocks in the solar atmosphere.
Adaptation of Darwin Core Standards and Development of New Standards for Geologic Specimens
Authors: Byrd Christina 
Published: June 2018

The Darwin Core data standard has rapidly become the go-to standard for biological and paleontological specimens. In order to accommodate all of the timescale data for paleontology specimens, standards for geologic age were developed and incorporated into Darwin Core. At the Sternberg Museum of Natural History (FHSM), digitization of the paleontology collection has been a primary objective. The adoption of the Darwin Core standard for FHSM’s paleontology data spurred the idea to use Darwin Core for the geology collection as well. There are currently no widely accepted data standards for geology specimens, but there are some organizations who have uploaded their data management standards online. Even though Darwin Core was developed for the dissemination of biological information, many of the data fields are applicable to geology. FHSM is working to adopt and adapt Darwin Core standards for its geology collection.
FHSM currently has 84 fields to record geology data. Approximately sixty percent of these data fields directly correspond with Darwin Core terms and have been adopted with the corresponding data format. Seven percent of the fields correspond with Darwin Core terms but require adaptation by adding new shared language within the term. These fields include the classification of rocks and minerals and the addition of “geologicSpecimen” for the Darwin Core term “Basis Of Record”. Fortunately, minerals have a classification system that loosely resembles animal taxonomy. For example, quartz is a mineral species that is part of a group called Tectosilicates, which is subsequently grouped into Silicates. One quarter of the FHSM fields are specific to geology and do not fit within the current Darwin Core data set. When determining terminology for these fields, FHSM staff utilized the terms and standards set by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), an international organization for making open standards for the global geospatial community. The terms adopted from the OGC come from a category called “EarthMaterial.” The remaining fields are specific to FHSM recordkeeping. In order to share these terms with others and hopefully start a larger conversation about data standards for this area of natural history, the terms and definitions will be made available on the FHSM website in the geology section. Using the same terms, formats, and overall standard across the disciplines at FHSM increases usability and uniformity of the different data sets, increases workflow efficiency, and simplifies development of the relational database for paleontological and geological specimens at FHSM.
Longterm Effectiveness of Intraarticular Injections on Patient-reported Symptoms in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Liu Shao-Hsien , Dubé Catherine E. , Eaton Charles B. , Driban Jeffrey B. , McAlindon Timothy E. , Lapane Kate L. 
Published: June 2018

Objective.We examined the longterm effectiveness of corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections in relieving symptoms among persons with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.Using Osteoarthritis Initiative data, a new-user design was applied to identify participants initiating corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections (n = 412). Knee symptoms (pain, stiffness, function) were measured using The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). We used marginal structural models adjusting for time-varying confounders to estimate the effect on symptoms of newly initiated injection use compared to nonusers over 2 years of followup.Results.Among 412 participants initiating injections, 77.2% used corticosteroid injections and 22.8% used hyaluronic acid injections. About 18.9% had additional injection use after initiation, but switching between injection types was common. Compared to nonusers, on average, participants initiating a corticosteroid injection experienced a worsening of pain (yearly worsening: 1.24 points, 95% CI 0.82–1.66), stiffness (yearly worsening: 0.30 points, 95% CI 0.10–0.49), and physical functioning (yearly worsening: 2.62 points, 95% CI 0.94–4.29) after adjusting for potential confounders with marginal structural models. Participants initiating hyaluronic acid injections did not show improvements of WOMAC subscales (pain: 0.50, 95% CI −0.11 to 1.11; stiffness: −0.07, 95% CI −0.38 to 0.24; and functioning: 0.49, 95% CI −1.34 to 2.32).Conclusion.Although intraarticular injections may support the effectiveness of reducing symptoms in short-term clinical trials, the initiation of corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections did not appear to provide sustained symptom relief over 2 years of followup for persons with knee OA.
"Transnational audiences: Media reception on a global scale," by Adrian Athique
Authors: Lee Hye-Kyung 
Published: June 2018

Review of Adrian Athique, Transnational audiences: Media reception on a global scale. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2016, hardcover $69.95 (ISBN 978-0745670218), $24.95 paperback (ISBN 978-0745670225), $19.99 e-book (ASIN B01GTYJ4GG) (224p).
Leishmania donovani Exploits Tollip, a Multitasking Protein, To Impair TLR/IL-1R Signaling for Its Survival in the Host
Authors: Parmar Naveen , Chandrakar Pragya , Vishwakarma Preeti , Singh Kavita , Mitra Kalyan , Kar Susanta 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
IL-1R/TLR signaling plays a significant role in sensing harmful foreign pathogens and mounting effective innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the precise mechanism by which Leishmania donovani, an obligate intramacrophagic pathogen, breaches IL-1R/TLR signaling and host-protective immunity remains obscure. In this study, we report the novel biphasic role of Toll-interacting protein (Tollip), a negative regulator of the IL-1R/TLR pathway, in the disease progression of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. We observed that during early hours of infection, L. donovani induced phosphorylation of IRAK-1, resulting in the release of Tollip from the IL-1R–associated kinase (IRAK)-1 complex in J774 macrophages, which then acted as an endocytic adaptor on cell surface IL-1R1 and promoted its lysosomal degradation. In the later stage, Tollip shuttled back to IRAK-1, thereby inhibiting IRAK-1 phosphorylation in association with IRAK-M to neutralize downstream TLR signaling in infected macrophages. Moreover, during late infection, L. donovani enhanced nuclear translocation and recruitment of transcription factors early growth response protein 2, NF erythroid 2–related factor 2, and Ahr on Tollip promoter for its induction. Small interfering RNA–mediated silencing of Tollip in infected macrophages significantly enhanced NF-κB activation and induced host-defensive IL-12 and TNF-α synthesis, thereby reducing amastigote multiplication. Likewise, abrogation of Tollip in L. donovani–infected BALB/c mice resulted in STAT-1–, IRF-1–, and NF-κB–mediated upregulation of host-protective cytokines and reduced organ parasite burden, thereby implicating its role in disease aggravation. Taken together, we conclude that L. donovani exploited the multitasking function of Tollip for its own establishment through downregulating IL-1R1/TLR signaling in macrophages.
SOIL CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF YERBA MATE LEAVES
Authors: Toppel Fernando Vaccari , Junior Agenor Maccari , Motta Antônio Carlos Vargas , Frigo Cleiton , Magri Ederlan , Barbosa Julierme Zimmer 
Published: June 2018

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) is a raw material used in making a beverage whose chemical composition can be altered by the growing environment and the management adopted during its cultivation. Thus, it is essential that scientific studies are undertaken to understand the chemical composition of yerba mate related to its growing environment. The aim of this work was to determine the elemental composition in the leaves of yerba mate from native cultivations that had never received fertilization and liming, from the Southern Region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Soil and leaf samples were collected at 11 sites located in the municipalities of São Mateus do Sul, Mallet, São João do Triunfo, and Lapa. Leaf analyzes were performed in an Optical Emission Spectrometer with Inductively Coupled Plasma. The mean concentrations observed (mg kg-1), in decreasing order, were: Ca – 7880; K – 7310; Mn – 2418; - Mg – 820; P – 720; Al – 474; Fe – 231; B – 78; Zn – 62; Ba - 62; Cu – 8.9; Ni – 5.6; Cr – 0.82; V – 0.53; Co – 0.17. The Mn concentrations were directly correlated with Al3+ saturation and inversely correlated with base saturation, pH, and the available Ca2+, demonstrating that changes among these soil components can significantly modify the Mn concentrations in the yerba mate leaves. The high concentrations of Mn and Al in the leaves of yerba mate demonstrate the adaptation of this species to acidic soils with high saturation of Al3+.
Can non-destructive DNA extraction of bulk invertebrate samples be used for metabarcoding?
Authors: Carew Melissa E. , Coleman Rhys A. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: June 2018

Background
High throughput DNA sequencing of bulk invertebrate samples or metabarcoding is becoming increasingly used to provide profiles of biological communities for environmental monitoring. As metabarcoding becomes more widely applied, new reference DNA barcodes linked to individual specimens identified by taxonomists are needed. This can be achieved through using DNA extraction methods that are not only suitable for metabarcoding but also for building reference DNA barcode libraries.

Methods
In this study, we test the suitability of a rapid non-destructive DNA extraction method for metabarcoding of freshwater invertebrate samples.

Results
This method resulted in detection of taxa from many taxonomic groups, comparable to results obtained with two other tissue-based extraction methods. Most taxa could also be successfully used for subsequent individual-based DNA barcoding and taxonomic identification. The method was successfully applied to field-collected invertebrate samples stored for taxonomic studies in 70% ethanol at room temperature, a commonly used storage method for freshwater samples.

Discussion
With further refinement and testing, non-destructive extraction has the potential to rapidly characterise species biodiversity in invertebrate samples, while preserving specimens for taxonomic investigation.
Comprehensive circular RNA expression profile in radiation-treated HeLa cells and analysis of radioresistance-related circRNAs
Authors: Yu Duo , Li Yunfeng , Ming Zhihui , Wang Hongyong , Dong Zhuo , Qiu Ling , Wang Tiejun 
Published: June 2018

Background
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Malignant tumors develop resistance mechanisms and are less sensitive to or do not respond to irradiation. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, circular RNA (circRNA) has been identified in an increasing number of diseases, especially cancers. It has been reported that circRNA can compete with microRNAs (miRNAs) to change the stability or translation of target RNAs, thus regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level. However, the role of circRNAs in cervical cancer and the radioresistance mechanisms of HeLa cells are unknown. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of circRNAs in radioresistance in HeLa cells.

Methods
High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of irradiated and sham-irradiated HeLa cells. The reliability of high-throughput RNA sequencing was validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The most significant circRNA functions and pathways were selected by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. A circRNA–miRNA–target gene interaction network was used to find circRNAs associated with radioresistance. Moreover, a protein–protein interaction network was constructed to identify radioresistance-related hub proteins.

Results
High-throughput sequencing allowed the identification of 16,893 circRNAs involved in the response of HeLa cells to radiation. Compared with the control group, there were 153 differentially expressed circRNAs, of which 76 were up-regulated and 77 were down-regulated. GO covered three domains: biological process (BP), cellular component (CC) and molecular function (MF). The terms assigned to the BP domain were peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation and regulation of cell migration. The identified CC terms were cell–cell adherens junction, nucleoplasm and cytosol, and the identified MF terms were protein binding and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. The top five KEGG pathways were MAPK signaling pathway, endocytosis, axon guidance, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport. The protein–protein interaction analysis indicated that 19 proteins might be hub proteins.

Conclusions
CircRNAs may play a major role in the response to radiation. These findings may improve our understanding of the role of circRNAs in radioresistance in HeLa cells and allow the development of novel therapeutic approaches.