bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AD3: Introducing a Score for Anomaly Detection Dataset Difficulty Assessment Using VIADUCT Dataset
Authors: Lehr Jan , Philipps Jan , Sargsyan Alik , Pape Martin , Krüger Jörg 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe field of visual Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD) has brought forth many new semi-supervised learning methods in recent years. At the same time, there have been few new datasets for benchmarking the methods. The most popular dataset is MVTec-AD dataset, because of its diversity of categories and availability of industrial objects. But many methods already achieve AUROC scores of more than 99 % on the MVTec-AD dataset. The defects of the categories that the dataset provides appear to be easily detectable. Furthermore, there is no existing approach to statistically describe the defects that need to be found in IAD datasets. This paper presents a new dataset for visual industrial anomaly detection and a novel approach for Anomaly Detection Dataset Difficulty assessment with the AD3 score. The new dataset named VIADUCT contains 49 categories and 10,986 high resolution images from eleven different sectors. Through the support of several manufacturing companies, numerous real inspection problems are presented through the dataset. It contains a large number of different defects with detailed pixel-wise annotations. The VIADUCT dataset is compared with other state of the art datasets to underline its added value. Therefore, we provide an overview for each dataset regarding the number of categories, images, defect categories and defects. In addition to these obvious comparisons the defects of the datasets are described with the AD3 score. This novel score is used to analyze the size of the defects and the similarity between the defect and its corresponding object. Using seven selected methods from industrial anomaly detection, a benchmark is performed on the new dataset, showing that there is still potential for improvement. It is shown that the VIADUCT dataset is the largest dataset in the field of image-based industrial anomaly detection. In addition to its very small defects which are hard to recognize, the dataset also offers the greatest variance of possible defects and the most defect classes. Describing the datasets with AD3 score it can be found that VIADUCT dataset have the most inconspicuous defects. With the AD3 score we are able to create a-priori knowledge for every single defect in IAD datasets. The AD3 score correlates with the results of the IAD method benchmark, showing that it can be used to estimate defect detection difficulty. In the future, new objects can be assessed to see whether defects can be recognized using IAD methods before an energy-intensive benchmark is performed. The simple calculation of the AD3 score generates valuable a-priori knowledge and can save resources.
Stochastic Epigenetic Modification and Evolution of Sex Determination in Vertebrates
Authors: Branciamore Sergio , Rodin Andrei S. , Riggs Arthur D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this report, we propose a novel mathematical model of the origin and evolution of sex determination in vertebrates that is based on the stochastic epigenetic modification (SEM) mechanism. We have previously shown that SEM, with rates consistent with experimental observation, can both increase the rate of gene fixation and decrease pseudogenization, thus dramatically improving the efficacy of evolution. Here, we present a conjectural model of the origin and evolution of sex determination wherein the SEM mechanism alone is sufficient to parsimoniously trigger and guide the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes from the initial homomorphic chromosome configuration, without presupposing any allele frequency differences. Under this theoretical model, the SEM mechanism (i) predated vertebrate sex determination origins and evolution, (ii) has been conveniently and parsimoniously co-opted by the vertebrate sex determination systems during the evolutionary transitioning to the extant vertebrate sex determination, likely acting "on top" of these systems, and (iii) continues existing, alongside all known vertebrate sex determination systems, as a universal pan-vertebrate sex determination modulation mechanism.
Motion in the depth direction appears faster when the target is closer to the observer
Authors: Yoshimura Yusei , Kizuka Tomohiro , Ono Seiji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe target velocity at the retina and the initial phase of target motion are known to affect the perceived velocity of a target in planar motion. For depth motion, however, the role of this information in velocity perception remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to reveal the role of the angular velocity derived from the vergence angle and the initial phase of target motion on the perceived velocity for depth motion. We devised two experimental tasks with five stimuli and used a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm to investigate velocity perception. In the tasks, a target moving toward or away from the observer was used. The five stimuli in each task moved between 40 and 240 cm (standard stimulus), 20 and 240 cm, 20 and 220 cm, 40 and 260 cm, and 60 and 260 cm from the participants. In the comparison of the standard stimulus with other stimuli, the stimuli approaching or receding from a distance of 20 cm were perceived as faster than the standard stimulus approaching or receding from a distance of 40 cm. We also showed that the stimuli that receded starting from a distance of 60 cm were perceived as moving slower than the standard stimulus. Our results suggest that larger changes in angular velocity affect velocity perception for depth motion; thus, observers perceive the target velocity as faster when the target is closer to the observer.
Multitask multilayer-prediction model for predicting mechanical ventilation and the associated mortality rate
Authors: El-Rashidy Nora , Tarek Zahraa , Elshewey Ahmed M. , Shams Mahmoud Y. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a crucial intervention in the intensive care unit (ICU) for severely ill patients. However, it can potentially contribute to lung damage due to the opening and closing of small airways and alveoli. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of mechanical ventilation prediction using a comprehensive dataset from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III). The data were extracted with three time frames, 6, 12, and 24 h. Then, 6 h left as a time gap and the ventilation as well as the mortality during the next 48 h. The proposed model consists of two layers: Layer 1 predicts ventilation and mortality in the ICU, while Layer 2 predicts the duration of ventilation. Classification techniques are applied to identify patients in need of ventilators, employing multilayer multitask long short-term memory (LSTM) models. Regression tasks use neural networks (multilayer perception). The optimum feature subset was obtained using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Additionally, this study examines the correlation between ventilation and mortality among patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The findings of this research can enhance health-care outcomes and inform policymakers about resource allocation in overwhelmed health services. The best results were obtained when utilizing the first 24 h for prediction. The proposed MTL model achieved promising performance of 0.944, 0.923, 0.951, and 0.921 for the first task and 0.971, 0.961, 0.963, and 0.970 for the second task for accuracy, precision, recall, score, and AUC, respectively.
How I do it: Surgical interruption of high-flow dural arteriovenous fistulas at the foramen magnum region
Authors: Egashira Yusuke , Kumagai Masaki , Enomoto Yukiko , Izumo Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) in the foramen magnum region (FMR) are rare entity of dAVFs. There is no established treatment for FMR-dAVFs owing to their rarity and anatomical complexity. Herein, we report cases of high-flow dAVFs located at the posteromedial part of the FMR that were successfully treated by surgical interruption.

Methods
We demonstrated the surgical procedures for the interruption of high-flow FMR-dAVF with representative images and videos. In both cases, endovascular transarterial embolization was performed prior to surgical interruption.

Conclusion
As this type of FMR-dAVF has high-risk clinical features, curative surgical treatment is highly desirable.
Data augmentation methods of dynamic model identification for harbor maneuvers using feedforward neural network
Authors: Wakita Kouki , Miyauchi Yoshiki , Akimoto Youhei , Maki Atsuo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A dynamic model for an automatic berthing and unberthing controller has to estimate harbor maneuvers, which include berthing, unberthing, approaching maneuvers to berths, and entering and leaving the port. When the dynamic model is estimated by the system identification using feedforward neural networks, a large number of tests or trials are required to measure the various motions of harbor maneuvers. However, the amount of data that can be obtained is limited due to the high costs and time-consuming nature of full-scale ship trials. Therefore, this paper introduces data augmentation to improve the generalization performance of dynamic models identified from a limited dataset. This study used slicing and jittering as data augmentation methods and confirmed their effectiveness by numerical experiments using the free-running model tests. Results of numerical experiments demonstrated that slicing and jittering are effective data augmentation methods but could not improve generalization performance for extrapolation states of the original dataset.
Cost-utility of cochlear implantation in single-sided deafness and asymmetric hearing loss: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Marx Mathieu , Mounié Michaël , Mosnier Isabelle , Venail Frédéric , Mondain Michel , Uziel Alain , Bakhos David , Lescanne Emmanuel , N’Guyen Yann , Bernardeschi Daniele , Sterkers Olivier , Godey Benoit , Creff Gwenaëlle , Schmerber Sébastien , Bonne Nicolas-Xavier , Vincent Christophe , Fraysse Bernard , Deguine Olivier , Costa Nadège 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the Incremental Cost-Utility Ratio (ICUR) of cochlear implantation in the treatment of adult patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) and asymmetric hearing loss (AHL).

Methods
This prospective multicenter pragmatic study including a randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolled 155 subjects with SSD or AHL. Subjects chose a treatment option between: abstention, Contralateral Routing Of the Signal hearing aids, Bone Conduction Device or Cochlear Implant (CI). Participants who opted for CI were then randomized between two arms: “immediate CI” where the cochlear implantation was performed within one month and “initial observation” where subjects were first observed. The ICUR of CI was determined at 6 months follow-up by comparing the two arms. Utility was measured using EuroQoL- 5 dimensions (EQ-5D), to calculate the gain in Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY). Individual costs were extracted from the French National Health Insurance database. A Markovian MultiState (MMS) model assessed the ICUR evolution over the lifetime horizon.

Results
Among the 155 included participants, 51 opted for a CI and were randomized. For a 6 months follow-up period, the ICUR was €422,279/QALY gained after CI. Using the MMS model, the ICUR of CI decreased to €57,561/QALY at 10 years follow-up, €38,006/QALY at 20 years, and dropped to €26,715 at 50 years. In the participants with severe tinnitus, mean ICUR was €31,105/QALY at 10 years.

Conclusions
CI can be considered as an efficient treatment in SSD and AHL from 20 years follow-up in the global population, and before 10 years follow-up in patients with severe associated tinnitus.
Turbulence Structure and Mixing in Strongly Stable Couette Flows over Thermally Heterogeneous Surfaces: Effect of Heterogeneity Orientation
Authors: Mironov Dmitrii , Sullivan Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDirect numerical simulations (DNS) of plane Couette flows over thermally heterogeneous surfaces at bulk Reynolds number $$Re=10^4$$

R
e
=

10
4

and bulk Richardson number $$Ri=0.25$$

R
i
=
0.25

are performed. The focus of the present study (that extends previous work by the authors) is the effect of surface heterogeneity orientation on boundary-layer structure. The temperature of the upper and lower walls is either homogeneous or varies sinusoidally, where the temperature-wave crests are either normal or parallel to the mean flow (HETx and HETy cases, respectively). Importantly, the horizontal-mean surface temperature is the same in all simulations. The stratification is strong enough to quench turbulence over a homogeneous surface, but turbulence survives over heterogeneous surfaces. In all heterogeneous cases, both molecular diffusion and turbulence transfer momentum down the gradient of mean velocity. The total (turbulent plus diffusive) heat flux is down-gradient, but quasi-organized eddy motions generated by the surface thermal heterogeneity induce heat transfer up the gradient of the mean temperature. Comparative analysis of HETx and HETy cases shows that the configuration with the spanwise heterogeneity is more turbulent and more efficient in transporting momentum and heat vertically than its counterpart with the streamwise heterogeneity. Vertical profiles of mean fields and turbulence moments differ considerably between the HETx and HETy cases, e.g., the streamwise heat flux differs not only in magnitude but also in sign. A close examination of the second-order turbulence moments, vertical-velocity and temperature skewness, and the flow eddy structure helps explain the observed differences between the HETx and HETy cases. The implications of our DNS findings for modelling turbulence in stably-stratified environmental and industrial flows with surface heterogeneity are discussed.
Diasporic strategizing: Punjabi Sikh immigrant navigations of labor and citizenship within contemporary U.S. racial capitalism
Authors: Bal Harleen Kaur 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo avoid the snowballing of economic and legal challenges that immigrant and diaspora workers face, Punjabi families continue to use an assemblage of social practices and vernacular legal acumen to maneuver around restrictive labor conditions and economic systems, thereby mitigating what Balibar (2015) describes as “ultra-subjective” and “ultra-objective” violence. This essay draws on ethnographic examples to explore these strategies. In one case, a Punjabi family faced bankruptcy from a new motel business following the events of September 11, 2001. The family deployed the legal instrument of a fictive divorce to prevent the loss of their property and home, thereby formally individualizing the financial loss of bankruptcy while actually maintaining their collectively shared resources. Paradoxically, the formal dissolution of the marriage here served to ensure stability within the intergenerational family by securing the home, school enrollment, and community ties. In another case, I consider the role of the intergenerational family in contesting cultural citizenship for working-class immigrant parents working in meatpacking plants. This article explores the way Punjabi immigrant workers experience the contested web of cultural citizenship, racial capitalism, and violence, while concomitantly leveraging their legal acumen and community ties to traverse a legal and economic system that is often inaccessible or hinders their very stability. In doing so, workers challenge the distinction between class struggle and non-class struggle forms of action to ameliorate the objectification of racialized workers under capitalism (as reported by Riley et al., New Left Review, no. 138 (December), 5–27, 2022).
Functional and taxonomic β diversity in fish assemblages is structured by turnover in a tropical coastal lagoon
Authors: Hernández-Mendoza L. C. , Escalera-Vázquez L. H. , Vega-Cendejas M. E. , Núñez-Lara E. , Chiappa-Carrara X. , Arceo-Carranza D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract The study of beta diversity and its turnover and nestedness components allows us to understand the mechanisms that structure biotic communities within an ecosystem, which in turn enables the creation of strategies for their conservation and management. This study analyzed the beta diversity of fish assemblages in a coastal lagoon from two diversity facets: taxonomic and functional. Six bimonthly samplings were conducted by dividing the lagoon into three zones (inlet, mixing, and upper). Three trawls were performed at random points within each zone, and the parameters of dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, temperature, and depth were determined. A total of 1437 fish were captured and identified, and 14 functional traits related to locomotion and feeding were determined. Additionally, the beta diversity and its components for each diversity facet were determined. Differences in physicochemical parameters between climatic seasons and lagoon zones were identified; the external zone showed a higher number of species. However, the mixing zone exhibited greater functional richness, indicating that species with different functional characteristics converged in this area. Functional beta diversity showed higher values than taxonomic beta diversity, demonstrating functional differentiation of fish in the lagoon. In both facets, the turnover component predominantly contributes to beta diversity. The correlation between diversity and physicochemical parameters suggests that an environmental filter determines the presence of certain species and functions within the lagoon.
Preservice Teachers’ Visions and Understandings of Classroom Documentation and Displays of Children’s Work in Elementary Schools
Authors: Eckhoff Angela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAt present, research exploring educator’s understandings of displays of student work is scant yet such displays are regularly exhibited within the community spaces of early learning and elementary schools. These displays communicate messages to those within the space about teacher and student agency, curricular priorities, children and their work, and the relationship between teaching and learning. Grounded in a framework of documentality and teacher vision, this paper explores the ways in which preservice teachers (PSTs) understand teacher-cultivated, student work documentation. This research used a Photo-Elicitation Interview methodology to develop a descriptive account of PSTs' visions and understandings of teacher-cultivated, classroom documentation and displays of children's work. Findings reveal that PSTs held paradoxical views of student work documentation teetering between an appreciation of an adult-centered aesthetic disconnected from their academic and creative capacities to an expressed valuing of an agentic positioning of children in the experiences of the classroom.
Social Purpose and Pedagogy in the Baby Room of UK Nurseries: Exploring the What, How and Why of Working with 0–2 Year Olds
Authors: Sakr Mona , Halls Kayla 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article builds on conversations about the nature of a pedagogy specifically for babies, which are defined in this paper as 0–2 year olds. To do this, we explore articulations of social purpose and social pedagogy among 15 baby room educators working in UK nurseries. Our findings suggest four types of social purpose and four types of social pedagogy that inform what baby educators do, how they do it and why they do it. The baby educators in our study articulated their social purpose in terms of providing a secure foundation for childhood and adulthood; acting as a support system for parents; enabling healthy early development; and inspiring learning across the lifespan. Correspondingly, they identified their social pedagogy in terms of giving care and nurture to meet physical and emotional needs; cultivating parent partnerships; planning activities, interactions and resources around developmental goals; and creating provocations to stimulate learning based on individual interests. We hope that this typology helps to deepen our understanding of what baby educators experience and the pedagogies they enact day to day, as well as acting as a reflective tool for baby room educators to use to deepen their practice.
Teaching Thales’s theorem: relations between suitable mathematical working spaces and specialised knowledge
Authors: Espinoza-Vásquez Gonzalo , Henríquez-Rivas Carolina , Climent Nuria , Ponce Rodrigo , Verdugo-Hernández Paula 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, we analyse a lesson on Thales’s theorem in a Chilean secondary school classroom through the combination of two theories: Mathematics Teachers’ Specialised Knowledge (ThMTSK) and Mathematical Working Spaces (ThMWS). Both theories, first separately and then in relation to one another, are used to analyse two tasks proposed by the teacher in the classroom following a cross-methodology for networking of theories. Through a single case study research design, a content analysis of the transcript of the video recording of the lesson was conducted. The joint analysis of this lesson allows us to better understand the mathematical work taking place in the classroom. In particular, the results show the scope of each model and their complementarity through the detection of meeting points and blind spots, through the role of proof, representations, and the change between geometrical and numerical work in teaching Thales’s theorem. This allows for a deeper understanding of a teacher’s practice and teaching. Ultimately, relationships between the theoretical elements of both theories are established to show their complementarity. We conclude that networking between theories can contribute to the development of these theories by raising questions that involve examining their foundations and assumptions in greater depth.
How to mitigate selection bias in COVID-19 surveys: evidence from five national cohorts
Authors: Narayanan Martina K. , Dodgeon Brian , Katsoulis Michail , Ploubidis George B. , Silverwood Richard J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNon-response to surveys is a common problem; even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic with social distancing measures challenging data collection. As respondents often differ from non-respondents, this can introduce bias. The goal of the current study was to see if we can reduce bias and restore sample representativeness in a series of COVID-19 surveys embedded within five UK cohort studies by using the rich data available from previous waves of data collection. Three surveys were conducted during the pandemic across five UK cohorts: National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD, born 1946), 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS), 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), Next Steps (born 1989-90) and Millennium Cohort Study (MCS, born 2000-02). Response rates in the COVID-19 surveys were lower compared to previous waves, especially in the younger cohorts. We identified bias due to systematic non-response in several variables, with more respondents in the most advantaged social class and among those with higher childhood cognitive ability. Making use of the rich data available pre-pandemic in these longitudinal studies, the application of non-response weights and multiple imputation was successful in reducing bias in parental social class and childhood cognitive ability, nearly eliminating it for the former. Surveys embedded within existing cohort studies offer a clear advantage over cross-sectional samples collected during the pandemic in terms of their ability to mitigate selection bias. This will enhance the quality and reliability of future research studying the medium and long-term effects of the pandemic.