bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Splenectomy in the Treatment of Hematological Diseases of the Spleen
Authors: Milosavljevic Vladimir , Grubor Nikola , Tadic Boris , Knezevic Djordje , Cirkovic Andja M , Milicic Vesna , Znidarsic Masa , Matic Slavko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Methods of surgical treatment of hematological diseases of the spleen have changed significantly in the past decade. The introduction of laparoscopic and minimally invasiveprocedures as standard for solving a significant number of conditions in abdominal surgery, has led surgeons toincreasingly use laparoscopic surgery of the spleen. However, some unique anatomical characteristics of the spleen can lead to limitation in the application of laparoscopy. In this study, we investigated the application of laparoscopic splenectomy in the treatment of haematological disorders of the spleen, intraoperative and postoperative characteristics, the presentation ofoperational technique and the evaluation of the success of this procedure. In the treatment of benign hematological diseases, the effectiveness and efficiency of laparoscopy has been proven. The speculation of medical professionals is that laparoscopic splenectomy is an equal, if not the superior way of treating benign hematological diseases of the spleen in relation to the open procedure, and that there is a chance that laparoscopy might completely replace the classical surgery in most of it’s indications.
Olanzapine - Focus on the Cardiometabolic Side Effects
Authors: Mitrovic Miroslav , Nikolic Tamara , Turnic Marko , Djuric Dusan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, we review the recent findings concerning weight gain, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular side effects in patients receiving olanzapine. It will consider the OLZ is associated with an increase in metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular events, and knowledge of these risks is crucial for further monitoring of patients with OLZ-treatment. Although it is one of the most commonly prescribed and effective AATPs, olanzapine causes the most weight gain and metabolic impairments in humans. As noted with glucose abnormalities and antipsychotics, olanzapine has the greatest propensity for causing proatherogenic hyperlipidemia. The mechanism of dyslipidemia with OLZ is poorly understood, but OLZ has been shown to increase lipogenesis, reduce lipolysis, and enhance the antilipolytic effects of insulin in adipocytes. Olanzapine can induce cardiomyopathy in selected patients.Taken together, all mentioned data indicate that interventions aimed at the amelioration of obesity and cardiovascular illness need to be as multipronged and complex as the contributing psychosocial, behavioural, and biological factors that make obesity and cardiovascular illness more likely in patients with severe mental illness, including schizophrenia.
Pleural Empyema Menagement: A Brief Review of Litterature
Authors: Arsenijevic Milos , Milisavljevic Slobodan , Mrvic Stanko , Stojkovic Dragan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pleural empyema, defined as the presence of purulent material within the pleural space, is the consequence of a suppurative process involving the serous pleural layers. Thoracic empyema is a dynamic process, inflammatory in origin and taking place within a preformed space bordered by both the visceral and parietal pleura. It is a complex clinical entity, neither a sole clinical, laboratory, nor a radiological diagnosis. The primary therapeutic aim: ‘ubi pus evacua’ — if you find pus remove it—has not changed since the age of Celsus. Therefore, treatment of the acute empyema of the pleura is directed to early and complete evacuation of empirical fluid and content, achieving full re-expansion of the lungs and eradication of the infection using appropriate surgical procedures, antibiotics and other supportive procedures. The optimum method of treating empyema should be adjusted to the condition of the patient and the stage of the disease in which the patient is located. The method of treatment depends on the etiology (pneumonic or traumatic), the general condition of the patient and the stage of disease development. By reviewing the available literature, it can be concluded that treating the pleural empyemas is a demanding procedure, in which it is necessary for the treating physician to apply all of his knowledge, and that there is good cooperation with the patient.
Effects of Traditional and Vascular Restricted Strength Training Program With Equalized Volume on Isometric and Dynamic Strength, Muscle Thickness, Electromyographic Activity, and Endothelial Function Adaptations in Young Adults
Authors: Ramis Thiago Rozales , Muller Carlos Henrique de Lemos , Boeno Francesco Pinto , Teixeira Bruno Costa , Rech Anderson , Pompermayer Marcelo Gava , Medeiros Niara da Silva , Oliveira Álvaro Reischak de , Pinto Ronei Silveira , Ribeiro Jerri Luiz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ramis, TR, Muller, CHdL, Boeno, FP, Teixeira, BC, Rech, A, Pompermayer, MG, Medeiros, NdS, Oliveira, ÁRd, Pinto, RS, and Ribeiro, JL. Effects of traditional and vascular restricted strength training program with equalized volume on isometric and dynamic strength, muscle thickness, electromyographic activity, and endothelial function adaptations in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 689–698, 2020—The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the acute and chronic effects of partial vascular occlusion training in young, physically active adults. Neuromuscular, morphological, and endothelial function responses were compared between high-intensity resistance training (HI-RT) and low-intensity resistance training with partial vascular occlusion (LI-BFR), despite the same training volume. The 28 subjects (age, 23.96 ± 2.67 years) were randomly assigned into 2 groups: LI-BFR (n = 15) and HI-RT (n = 13). Both groups performed unilateral exercise of elbow flexion (EF) and knee extension (KE) 3 times per week for 8 weeks. This study was approved by the ethics committee. Flow-mediated dilation showed a significant difference in baseline and post-training in the LI-BFR group (4.44 ± 0.51 vs. 6.35 ± 2.08 mm, respectively). For nitrite/nitrate concentrations only, there was a significant difference when comparing pre- and post-acute exercise in both groups. The torque and rep. Sixty percent 1 repetition maximum had improvements in both groups. There were differences between groups only in isometric delta EF and isokinetic delta KE (EF 3.42 ± 5.09 and 9.61 ± 7.52 N·m; KE 12.78 ± 25.61 and 42.69 ± 35.68 N·m; LI-BFR and HI-RT groups, respectively). There was a significant increase of muscle thickness in both groups. An increase of both isokinetic and isometric electromyography (EMG) of biceps of the HI-RT group was observed. The same was observed for the LI-BFR group regarding isokinetic and isometric EMG of vastus lateralis. Thus, in addition to strength and hypertrophy gains, this study also shows benefits related to vascular function. For practical applications, this study demonstrates a clinical importance of LI-BFR training as an alternative methodology.
Field Monitoring of Vertical Movement in a Six-Story Wood-Frame Building in Coastal British Columbia
Authors: Wang Jieying 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Vertical movement was monitored for 24 months in a six-story wood-frame residential building in the coastal climate of British Columbia, Canada, from construction to service. The work was part of a long-term study to assist in the design of mid-rise wood-frame buildings. Displacement sensors were installed from the first floor to the top floor in a party wall, a hallway wall, and an interior partition wall, plus in the bottom two floors of an exterior wall to measure vertical movement, after the roof sheathing was installed. In addition, sensors were installed in the party wall and the exterior wall on the first floor to measure the moisture content of the wood, together with sensors for measuring environmental conditions in service. It was found that downward vertical movement, i.e., building shortening, occurred from construction to service and leveled off after a period of about 17 months. From the top of sill plates to the underside of roof trusses, the shortening reached approximately 34 mm at the party wall, 35 mm at the hallway wall, and 37 mm at the interior partition wall. The average shortening amount of 35 mm exceeded the predicted shrinkage amount based on a commonly used calculation method by about 25 %. The effects of loads on vertical movement should be taken into account in the design of mid-rise wood-frame construction.
Development of Post-weld Electrodynamic Treatment Using Electric Current Pulses for Control of Stress-Strain States and Improvement of Life of Welded Structures
Authors: Lobanov Leonid M. , Kondratenko Igor P. , Zhiltsov Andriy V. , Pashchin Nikolai A. , Mikhodui Olha L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The present work was aimed at the development of a new technological process: a post-weld electrodynamic treatment of welded joints by pulses of a high-density current. Generators of the pulse current and electrode devices, realizing the preset parameters of electrodynamic effects at single- and two-channel schemes, were designed and manufactured. The results of experimental investigations, carried out on specimens of base metal and welded joints, showed that the electrodynamic treatment has a positive effect on the structure of the treated metal and allows the residual stresses in welded joints to decrease gently, increasing their resistance to fatigue and brittle fracture as well as eliminating the distortion deformations in thin-walled elements of structures. The developed technologies and equipment gave an opportunity to perform the electrodynamic treatment of welded joints of hull structures of ships of aluminum alloy AMg6 and repair welds of an intermediate casing of the aircraft engine of heat-resistant magnesium alloy ML10, thus promoting an increase in their service reliability and life.
A Novel Alternative Splicing Mechanism That Enhances Human 5-HT1A Receptor RNA Stability Is Altered in Major Depression
Authors: Le François Brice , Zhang Lei , Mahajan Gouri J. , Stockmeier Craig A. , Friedman Eitan , Albert Paul R. 
Published: August 2018

The serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor is a key regulator of serotonergic activity and is implicated in mood and emotion. However, its post-transcriptional regulation has never been studied in humans. In the present study, we show that the “intronless” human 5-HT1A gene (HTR1A) is alternatively spliced in its 3′-UTR, yielding two novel splice variants. These variants lack a ∼1.6 kb intron, which contains an microRNA-135 (miR135) target site. Unlike the humanHTR1A, the mouseHTR1Alacks the splice donor/accepter sites. Thus, in the mouseHTR1A, splicing was not detected. The two spliced mRNAs are extremely stable, are resistant to miR135-induced downregulation, and have greater translational output than the unspliced variant. Moreover, alternativeHTR1ARNA splicing is oppositely regulated by the splice factors PTBP1 and nSR100, which inhibit or enhance its splicing, respectively. In postmortem human brain tissue from both sexes,HTR1AmRNA splicing was prevalent and region-specific. UnsplicedHTR1Awas expressed more strongly in the hippocampus and midbrain versus the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and correlated with reduced levels of nSR100. Importantly,HTR1ARNA splicing and nSR100 levels were reduced in the PFC of individuals with major depression compared with controls. Our unexpected findings uncover a novel mechanism to regulateHTR1Agene expression through alternative splicing of microRNA sites. Altered levels of splice factors could contribute to changes in regional and depression-related gene expression through alternative splicing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlternative splicing, which is prevalent in brain tissue, increases gene diversity. The serotonin-1A receptor gene (HTR1A) is a regulator of serotonin, which is implicated in mood and emotion. Here we show that humanHTR1ARNA is alternately spliced. Splicing removes a microRNA site to generate ultrastable RNA and increaseHTR1Aexpression. This splicing varies in different brain regions and is reduced in major depression. We also identify specific splice factors forHTR1ARNA, showing they are also reduced in depression. Thus, we describe a novel mechanism to regulate gene expression through splicing. Altered levels of splice factors could contribute to depression by changing gene expression.
A Patient’s Legal Protection as a Victim of Sexual Harassment on Medical Services in Indonesia
Authors: Elvandari Siska , Chan Mey Lin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A medical service’s effort, the real profession is living call for dedicating self on humanity based on 3 (three) standard which must be obedient, including job’s standard, service’s standard, and standard operational procedure (SOP). These three standards are wishes become characteristic of medical workers and other profession to do a special medical action. The special can be seen by the correction given by law which a permission to do medical step for human body. Furthermore, it is proper while attending profession’s duty to respect and always respect of patient’s right based on glorious value, mind and glory. Yet, in practice many abusement are often found in order to taking care of quality of profession and to straighten up the quality of staff, such as: an abusement received by patient on their recovery time after surgery, due to losing an awareness of patient after given by medical procedure, likes any sexual harassment by medical force environment, so that’s why it is necessary to have an effort of a legal protection to the patient as a victim on a criminal law of sexual harassment.Keywords: Legal protection, Sexual Harassment, Medical ServiceAbstrak: Dalam upaya pemberian pelayanan kesehatan, hakikat profesi merupakan panggilan hidup yang mengabdikan diri pada kemanusiaan yang didasarkan pada 3 (tiga) standard yang harus dipenuhi, meliputi Standard Profesi, Standard Pelayanan, dan Standard Operational Procedure (SOP). Ketiga standard inilah yang diharapkan menjadi ciri khusus dari tenaga kesehatan dan profesi lainnya untuk melakukan suatu tindakan medis tertentu yang mempunyai karakteristik yang khas. Dimana kekhasannya terlihat dari adanya suatu pembenaran yang diberikan oleh hukum yakni diperkenankannya melakukan tindakan medis tertentu terhadap tubuh manusia. Selain itu, sudah selayaknya dalam melaksanakan tugas profesi harus menghormati selalu menghormati hak-hak pasien yang didasari nilai-nilai luhur, keluruhan budi dan kemuliaan demi kepentingan pasien. Namun, dalam prakteknya justru sering terjadi berbagai penyalahgunaan dalam upaya memelihara mutu profesi serta menertibkan mutu para anggotanya, seperti; penyimpangan yang diterima oleh pasien dalam masa pemulihan pasca dilakukannya tindakan medis, dikarenakan hilangnya kesadaran pasien setelah dilakukan tindakan medis, seperti terjadinya pelecehan seksual yang dilakukan kalangan profesi kesehatan, sehingga diperlukan suatu upaya perlindungan hukum terhadap pasien sebagai korban dalam tindak pidana pelecehan seksualKata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Pelecehan Seksual, Pelayanan Kesehatan
A Hospital-Based Initiative to Reduce Postdischarge Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths
Authors: Krugman Scott D. , Cumpsty-Fowler Carolyn J. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Sudden unexpected infant deaths (SUID) most often occur because infants are placed in unsafe sleep environments. Although authors of previous literature have demonstrated that parents who receive comprehensive safe sleep education increase knowledge and intention to place children in safe sleep environments, no studies have demonstrated improved outcomes. We describe the development of a hospital-based newborn SUID risk reduction quality improvement project and its effectiveness in reducing subsequent SUIDs in a community using linked outcome data from local Child Fatality Review Teams.

METHODS:
Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of a long-term iterative performance improvement intervention for a nursery-based comprehensive safe sleep program in a community teaching hospital. Key themes and exemplary comments were noted. The rate of infant deaths per 1000 births was the primary quantitative outcome. The rate is calculated quarterly and monitored with control charts by using Child Fatality Review data about infant sleep deaths.

RESULTS:
The average death rate fell from 1.08 infants per 1000 births preintervention to 0.48 infants per 1000 births after complete intervention, and the average number of deaths between deliveries increased from 1 in every 584 deliveries (upper control limit: 3371) to 1 in every 1420 deliveries (upper control limit: 8198). Qualitative observation of nursery providers revealed 3 themes, including routine inclusion of sleep safety information, dissemination of safety information by all staff, and personal commitment to success.

CONCLUSIONS:
A comprehensive sleep safety culture change can be effectively integrated into a nursery setting over time by using feedback from Child Fatality Review and performance improvement methodology. Repeated messaging and education by the entire nursery staff has the potential to play a role in reducing sleep-related deaths in infants born at their hospital.
The Prevalence of Bacterial Meningitis in Febrile Infants 29–60 Days With Positive Urinalysis
Authors: Young Beverly R. , Nguyen Tran H.P. , Alabaster Amy , Greenhow Tara L. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:This study evaluates whether bacterial meningitis prevalence differs by urinalysis result and whether antibiotic treatment of presumed urinary tract infection without cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture produces adverse sequelae in febrile infants 29 to 60 days old.METHODS:This retrospective cohort study identified febrile infants 29 to 60 days old presenting to Kaiser Permanente Northern California sites from 2007 to 2015 who underwent urinalysis and blood, urine, and CSF cultures, comparing the prevalence of meningitis among infants with positive versus negative urinalysis results using a two 1-sided test for equivalence. Additionally, febrile infants treated with antibiotics for positive urinalysis results without CSF culture were identified and their charts were reviewed for adverse sequelae.RESULTS:Full evaluation was performed in 833 febrile infants (835 episodes). Three of 337 infants with positive urinalysis (0.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0%–1.9%) and 5 of 498 infants with negative urinalysis (1%; 95% CI: 0.1%–1.9%) had meningitis. These proportions were statistically equivalent within 1%, using two 1-sided test with a P value of .04. There were 341 febrile infants (345 episodes) with positive urinalysis treated with antibiotics without lumbar puncture. Zero cases of missed bacterial meningitis were identified (95% CI: 0%–1.1%). Zero cases of severe sequelae (sepsis, seizure, neurologic deficit, intubation, PICU admission, death) were identified (95% CI: 0%–1.1%).CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of bacterial meningitis does not differ by urinalysis in febrile infants 29 to 60 days old. Antibiotic treatment of infants with positive results for urinalysis without lumbar puncture may be safe in selected cases.
Premature Clinical Trial Discontinuation in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Khunger Monica , Rakshit Sagar , Hernandez Adrian V. , Pasupuleti Vinay , Glass Kate , Galsky Matthew D. , Grivas Petros 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Clinical trial completion is critical for new cancer therapies. Premature trial termination or withdrawal is common and impairs progress. We assessed factors of early terminated/withdrawn oncology trials focusing on trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), hypothesizing that the latter may be associated with lower rates of premature discontinuation.

Materials and Methods
We reviewed all adult, intervention, oncology trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (November 16, 2011, to April 16, 2015) to identify all terminated/withdrawn trials and reasons for termination. Logistics regression model was used to identify factors associated with early termination/withdrawal. Discontinuation rate was compared in trials with and without ICI.

Results
We identified 12,875 trials (35% industry funded, 12% federal funded), of which 8.5% were prematurely terminated (5%) or withdrawn (3.5%); the main reasons were poor accrual (33%) and logistical (24%). ICI trials (n = 350) had a nonsignificant lower rate of termination or withdrawal compared with all other oncology trials (5.4% vs. 8.5%; p = .9) and were less likely to discontinue due to poor accrual (nonsignificant difference: 21% vs. 33%; p = .4). ICI trials were also less likely to discontinue compared with all other oncology drug trials (e.g., chemotherapy, targeted inhibitors, antiangiogenesis, biologics; 5.4% vs. 7.9%, respectively, nonsignificant difference). The 4-year cumulative incidence of failing to complete for reasons unrelated to toxicity or efficacy was 18% (95% confidence interval 16%–20%). There was no association between annual incidence across different tumor types or accrual goal and rate of trial termination.

Conclusion
Poor accrual represents the main cause of early cancer trial termination. Premature termination/withdrawal rate was not significantly lower in ICI compared with other trials. Clinical trial completion remains a high priority and can be influenced by provider and patient factors.

Implications for Practice
Clinical trial completion is critical for new cancer therapies. Premature trial termination or withdrawal is common and impairs progress. This study assessed factors of early terminated/withdrawn oncology trials, focusing on trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and found that poor accrual represents the main cause of early cancer trial termination. Premature termination/withdrawal rate was not significantly lower in immune checkpoint inhibitor trials compared to other trials. The discussion herein is focused on measures taken by the National Cancer Institute and other institutions to improve clinical trial accrual and prevent premature clinical trial discontinuation.