bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the efficacy of small‐scale marine protected areas for preserving reef health: A case study applying emerging monitoring technology
Authors: Bayley Daniel T.I. , Mogg Andrew O.M. , Purvis Andy , Koldewey Heather J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used as management tools to conserve species and ecosystems at risk from human impact. Coastal managers often focus MPA designation on biogenic reef environments due to their value and sensitivity to damage. However, difficulties in enforcement and a lack of capacity to adequately monitor MPAs often make it hard for managers to assess the effectiveness of MPAs, particularly in under‐resourced, low‐income coastal countries.
Reef community data were collected at three long‐term managed reserves within the Western Visayas region of the central Philippines in order to assess the state of reef community structure inside and outside of these small‐scale locally managed MPAs. In addition, 3D structural data were captured using recently developed 'Structure from Motion' photogrammetry techniques, demonstrating how multiple quantitative metrics of physical structural complexity and health can be recorded in such analyses.
These community‐run MPAs were shown to be effective even when small (10–20 ha). Mean fish biomass density was five times greater within present‐day protected sites, alongside significantly increased levels of fish diversity, richness, and size. No significant structural differences were observed inside and outside of MPAs; however, average reef rugosity, height, and roughness were significantly higher in unfished reefs compared to blast‐fished reefs. Reef substrate complexity, coral composition, and level of management, were also shown to structure fish community assemblages, with the link between reef structure and fish richness/abundance disrupted outside of MPAs.
The Structure from Motion technique allows a greater range of quantitative morphometrics to be assessed than traditional methods and at relatively low cost. The technique is rapid, non‐destructive and can be archived, increasing the value of data for managers wishing to quantify reef health and efficiently monitor benthic changes through time. We discuss both the limitations and benefits of this technology's future use.
Inorganic pyrophosphatase from the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) modulates mitochondrial polyphosphate metabolism
Authors: Mirra Bianca , Carvalho Klébea , Curitiba Bianca , Ribeiro Lupis , Moraes Jorge , da Silva José R. , Costa Evenilton P. , da Fonseca Rodrigo N. , Campos Eldo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolyphosphates (polyPs) have been found in all cell types examined to date and play diverse roles, depending on the cell type. In eukaryotic organisms, polyPs have been mainly investigated in mammalian cells, with few studies on insects. In this study, we investigated mitochondrial polyphosphate metabolism in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Substrate specificity for different chain lengths demonstrated the presence of two exopolyphosphatase isoforms in mitochondria. T. castaneum mitochondrial polyP levels decreased after injection with soluble pyrophosphatase (Tc‐sPPase) dsRNA, while the membrane exopolyphosphate activity increased. Mitochondrial respiration modulated exopolyphosphatase activity only in wild‐type beetles. Tripolyphosphate was able to increase the F‐ATPase activity in wild‐type and Tc‐sPPase RNAi beetles. We suggest that inorganic pyrophosphatase modulates polyphosphate metabolism in mitochondria and affects the link between mitochondrial activity and polyphosphate metabolism in T. castaneum.
Extensive lymphatic spread of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is associated with an increase in expression of genes involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell‐like properties
Authors: Lee Sohee , Bae Ja Seong , Jung Chan Kwon , Chung Woong Youn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundActive surveillance is an alternative management for patents with low‐risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC); however, there is an absence of specific molecular markers that predict its progression. We compared gene expression patterns between PTMC with lateral neck‐node metastasis (N1b) and PTMC‐lacking nodal metastasis (N0).MethodsWe performed oligonucleotide microarray analysis in three PTMCs without cervical lymph‐node metastases (N0), and five PTMCs with lateral neck‐node metastasis (N1b) at initial diagnosis, using an Illumina HumanHT‐12 v4.0 Expression BeadChip. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis confirmed microarray data. We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to confirm protein overexpression in samples from 20 N0 and 24 N1b PTMC patients who underwent thyroidectomy.ResultsMicroarray analyses identified 52 probes corresponding to 45 genes. Expression of these genes differed significantly between the two PTMC groups. Forty genes were significantly upregulated and five genes were downregulated in N1b PTMC compared to N0. Four genes related to epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell markers, including ALDH1A3, TM4SF1, PROM1, and CAV1 were significantly upregulated in N1b PTMCs. Real‐time qPCR confirmed this expression and western blot analysis confirmed higher expression of ALDH1A3, TM4SF1, PROM1, and CAV1 in N1b than in N0 PTMCs. IHC indicated overexpression of ALDH1A3 and CAV1 in N1b compared to N0 PTMCs.ConclusionsGenes related to EMT and thyroid cancer stem cell‐like properties are upregulated in early extensive lymphatic spread of PTMC.
Deception in psychotherapy: Frequency, typology and relationship
Authors: Curtis Drew A. , Hart Christian L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeception in therapy has been documented anecdotally through various narratives of therapists. The investigation of its occurrence within therapy has largely been overlooked. We explored the reported frequency of deception within psychotherapy, the types of deception used within therapy, the likelihood of people lying to a therapist compared to other groups of people, and client perceptions of the types of deception that therapists use. Ninety‐one participants were provided with a series of deception examples, asked questions about the use of these types of deception within therapy, and asked generally about their use of deception in therapy. We found that a majority of the participants had been deceptive in therapy, and a majority were willing to be deceptive in future therapeutic contexts. Participants were more likely to use white lies than other forms of deception in therapy. Lastly, participants were less likely to lie to therapists compared to strangers and acquaintances. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Dimethyl Aminoethyl Azide in Water via TiO2/Light Expanded Clay Aggregate Catalyst
Authors: Pakdehi Shahram G. , Shaveisi Yaser 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe photocatalytic activity of TiO2 over light expanded clay aggregate granules was determined for degradation of dimethyl aminoethyl azide (DMAZ) in water with mercury lamps as UV sources. First, the catalyst was synthesized and characterized, then, the effect of various parameters on DMAZ degradation was investigated. The results showed that the photodegradation improved with increasing initial concentration of DMAZ. In addition, the DMAZ conversion grew with higher pH value and catalyst dosage. Under optimum conditions, a degradation of 54.7 % for DMAZ could be achieved. A first‐order rate model presented good accordance with the experimental data.
Basal Histamine H4 Receptor Activation: Agonist Mimicry by the Diphenylalanine Motif
Authors: Wifling David , Pfleger Christopher , Kaindl Jonas , Ibrahim Passainte , Kling Ralf C. , Buschauer Armin , Gohlke Holger , Clark Timothy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHistamine H4 receptor (H4R) orthologues are G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) that exhibit species‐dependent basal activity. In contrast to the basally inactive mouse H4R (mH4R), human H4R (hH4R) shows a high degree of basal activity. We have performed long‐timescale molecular dynamics simulations and rigidity analyses on wild‐type hH4R, the experimentally characterized hH4R variants S179M, F169V, F169V+S179M, F168A, and on mH4R to investigate the molecular nature of the differential basal activity. H4R variant‐dependent differences between essential motifs of GPCR activation and structural stabilities correlate with experimentally determined basal activities and provide a molecular explanation for the differences in basal activation. Strikingly, during the MD simulations, F16945.55 dips into the orthosteric binding pocket only in the case of hH4R, thus adopting the role of an agonist and contributing to the stabilization of the active state. The results shed new light on the molecular mechanism of basal H4R activation that are of importance for other GPCRs.
Preparation of a Series of Supported Nonsymmetrical PNP‐Pincer Ligands and the Application in Ester Hydrogenation
Authors: Konrath Robert , Spannenberg Anke , Kamer Paul C. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn contrast to their symmetrical analogues, nonsymmetrical PNP‐type ligand motifs have been less investigated despite the modular pincer structure. However, the introduction of mixed phosphorus donor moieties provides access to a larger variety of PNP ligands. Herein, a facile solid‐phase synthesis approach towards a diverse PNP‐pincer ligand library of 14 members is reported. Contrary to often challenging workup procedures in solution‐phase, only simple workup steps are required. The corresponding supported ruthenium‐PNP catalysts are screened in ester hydrogenation. Usually, industrially applied heterogeneous catalysts require harsh conditions in this reaction (250–350 °C at 100–200 bar) often leading to reduced selectivities. Heterogenized reusable Ru‐PNP catalysts are capable of reducing esters and lactones selectively under mild conditions.
Höre auf Deinen Prozess
Authors: Hefft Daniel Ingo , Alberini Federico 
Published: September 2019

AbstractModerne Produktionsprozesse im chemischen, pharmazeutischen und Lebensmittelsektor sind komplex und basieren meist auf einer kontinuierlichen Prozessführung. Mit Hilfe von Rheality wird es erstmals ermöglicht, die Rheologie von Ein‐ und Mehrphasensystemen live im Prozess zu überwachen (nebst anderen kritischen Faktoren).
Smartifizierung
Authors: Krause Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnde Mai hatte der VDMA Baden‐Württemberg in Kooperation mit dem Mittelstand 4.0‐Kompetenzzentrum Stuttgart und dem Fraunhofer IPA zu einer Veranstaltung nach Weil der Stadt, zur Firma Wolftechnik Filtersysteme eingeladen. Die Gäste kamen von mittelständischen, großen und teilweise sehr großen Firmen, um sich anhand eines Fallbeispiels der Wolftechnik Filtersysteme über die Möglichkeiten der Smartifizierung von Komponenten zu informieren.
Niedertemperatur‐Oxidation
Authors: Kaltenegger Johann 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLinde bietet mit LoTOx eine auf Ozon basierende Technologie zur Abgasreinigung, die die herkömmlichen Verfahren in punkto Flexibilität und Leistungsfähigkeit übertrifft. In Branchen, in denen fossile Energieträger verbrannt werden, kann das System damit einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Einhaltung der Umweltauflagen leisten.
Co‐presence and mobile apps: Technology's impact on being with others
Authors: Clauzel Amélie , Riché Caroline , Le Hegarat Bénédicte , Zerbib Romain 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite a lack of theoretical understanding regarding how consumers react when using mobile applications in a store, the latter are being used more and more often in shared consumption areas. This research explores the impact that using a mobile application has on perceptions of co‐presence. Depending on the consumption experience stage, this technological tool can be a social facilitator that enhances interactions with companions or a device that makes it possible to reduce a negative crowd impression. This paper is positioned at the intersection of interpersonal influence research and research focused on mobile technologies' effect on the purchasing process. It may interest managers of sites where there is high co‐presence and where a mobile application might reduce negative crowd impressions and facilitate in‐group sharing.
A new analytical framework for network vulnerability on subway system
Authors: Xu Jia , Song Shouxin , Zhai Huaiyuan , Yuan Pengwei , Chen Mingli 
Published: September 2019

SummaryAs the network gradually penetrates into all aspects of life, the transportation system as the most network‐specific field, its security management issues need to be innovative from the traditional aspects. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the traffic network from the perspective of vulnerability. First, starting from the conceptual framework of vulnerability, the process of the concept of vulnerability is gradually complicated. At the same time, the main points of vulnerability analysis at each level are defined. Secondly, the analysis model is constructed on two aspects of network vulnerability: station and community. The concept of station vulnerability, which is similar to the traditional vulnerability analysis, is proposed in this paper. Considering the interrelationship between the indicators, the ANP method is used to construct the evaluation model. However, in the community area, the concept of regional vulnerability is proposed, which is based on the community structure of complex networks. Finally, the actual vulnerability analysis was carried out with the Beijing Subway as an example. The result of the calculation not only can obtain important stations that need to be controlled but also divide the lines in the network structure into suitable communities. This improves the collaboration between the subway system and other functional entities in society.
Examining sex as a predictor and moderator of treatment outcomes for binge‐eating disorder: Analysis of aggregated randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Gueorguieva Ralitza , Masheb Robin , White Marney A. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether sex predicted and/or moderated treatment outcomes among men and women who participated in binge‐eating disorder (BED) randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodData were aggregated from RCTs performed at one medical center. RCTs tested cognitive‐behavioral therapy, behavioral weight loss, multimodal treatment, and/or control conditions. Participants were 660 adults, both men (n = 170) and women (n = 490), with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐fourth edition (DSM‐IV)‐defined BED. Doctoral‐level research‐clinicians assessed participants using structured interviews and established self‐report measures of eating‐disorder psychopathology and depression, and measured height and weight. Assessments occurred at baseline, throughout treatment, and at post‐treatment.ResultsSex was not a significant moderator of any treatment outcomes. Mixed models revealed sex had a main effect: men had lower eating‐disorder psychopathology and lost more weight than women over the course of treatment.DiscussionBoth epidemiological and RCT studies report disparities in treatment‐seeking between men and women with BED. Despite this, men have comparable or better treatment outcomes compared with women, including significantly greater weight loss. Thus, disseminating evidence‐based BED treatments is promising for both men and women. Additional research is necessary, however, to understand treatment effects—including other predictors and moderators of outcomes—across diverse providers, treatment settings, and patient groups.
Data‐driven I‐PD gain tuning using closed‐loop step response data
Authors: Masuda Shiro , Park Jongho , Matsui Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a design method for continuous‐time VRFT (Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning) for I‐PD (Integral‐Proportional, Differential) gain tuning using closed‐loop step response data. The I‐PD controllers can avoid an abrupt change of manipulated variables, and have been widely used for industrial process control. The present work derives an optimal prefilter condition, and a design procedure of an optimal prefilter. The efficiency of the proposed method is assured using a numerical example and a helicopter attitude control experimental result.
Surviving drought: a framework for understanding animal responses to small rain events in the arid zone
Authors: Maute Kimberly , Hose Grant C. , Story Paul , Bull C. Michael , French Kristine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLarge rain events drive dramatic resource pulses and the complex pulse‐reserve dynamics of arid ecosystems change between high‐rain years and drought. However, arid‐zone animal responses to short‐term changes in climate are unknown, particularly smaller rain events that briefly interrupt longer‐term drought. Using arthropods as model animals, we determined the effects of a small rain event on arthropod abundance in western New South Wales, Australia during a longer‐term shift toward drought. Arthropod abundance decreased over 2 yr, but captures of 10 out of 15 ordinal taxa increased dramatically after the small rain event (<40 mm). The magnitude of increases ranged from 10.4 million% (collembolans) to 81% (spiders). After 3 months, most taxa returned to prerain abundance. However, small soil‐dwelling beetles, mites, spiders, and collembolans retained high abundances despite the onset of winter temperatures and lack of subsequent rain. As predicted by pulse‐reserve models, most arid‐zone arthropod populations declined during drought. However, small rain events may play a role in buffering some taxa from declines during longer‐term drought or other xenobiotic influences. We outline the framework for a new model of animal responses to environmental conditions in the arid zone, as some species clearly benefit from rain inputs that do not dramatically influence primary productivity.
Native Pathways to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Graduate Degrees
Authors: Mills Jack I. , Thomas Aaron , Galindo Ed , Hartline Beverly Karplus , Dhingra Amit 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is a pressing need for American Indian and Native Alaskan professionals who have the preparation necessary to address the quality of life and natural resource issues in Native communities. We assert that universities should adopt proactive strategies that build pathways for Natives to obtain advanced degrees.
Efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain crude oil in soils using instant Fenton pre‐oxidation
Authors: Xu Jinlan , Li Lu , Du Juan , Wang Huifang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany studies have reported that most Fenton pre‐oxidation steps either do more damage to the indigenous hydrocarbon degraders (IHD) or produce lower concentrations of ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4+‐N) during Fenton oxidation combined with bioremediation for oil‐contaminated soils, which causes the subsequent bioremediation to be unsustainable and poor. The aim of the present study was to find an instant Fenton pre‐oxidation for the efficient sustainable biodegradation of long‐chain alkanes, and to determine the ratio (K) of residual concentration of NH4+‐N to residual population of IHD that can reach a balance after this instant Fenton pre‐oxidation.RESULTSFive Fenton oxidation experiments were carried out with iron bound to soil organic matter (SOM). On this basis, a 75‐day field experiment of instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46 combined with bioremediation was performed. Experimental results showed that a similar efficient biodegradation (≈261 mg kg−1) of long‐chain alkanes C30–C25 at each stage was obtained after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46. So up to 75% of the biodegradation of long‐chain alkanes occurred after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46, which was 2.3‐ and 2.0‐fold greater than the corresponding biodegradation of long‐chain alkanes after noninstant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K ≠ 46.CONCLUSIONThe study indicated that efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain alkanes can be achieved after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46. Analyses of microbial diversity revealed that a possible explanation for the efficient sustainable bioremediation of long‐chain alkanes in soils was that sensitive, slow growth of the IHDs Nocardiode and Noviherbaspirillum was not damaged after instant Fenton pre‐oxidation with K = 46. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The consequences of (not) seeing eye‐to‐eye about the past: The role of supervisor–team fit in past temporal focus for supervisors' leadership behavior
Authors: Briker Roman , Walter Frank , Cole Michael S. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThis study seeks to advance our understanding of the leadership consequences that may ensue when supervisors and their teams have similar versus differing orientations toward the past. Integrating a leader–team fit perspective with functional leadership theory, we cast incongruence between supervisor and team past temporal focus as a key antecedent of supervisors' active (i.e., task‐oriented and relationship‐oriented) and passive (i.e., laissez‐faire) leadership behaviors toward the team. We tested our hypotheses in a team‐level study that included a field sample of 84 supervisors and their teams using polynomial regression and response surface analyses. Results illustrated that supervisors demonstrated more task‐oriented and relationship‐oriented leadership when supervisors' and their team's past temporal focus were incongruent rather than aligned. Furthermore, in situations of supervisor–team congruence, supervisors engaged in less task‐oriented and relationship‐oriented leadership and more laissez‐faire leadership with higher (rather than lower) levels of supervisor and team past temporal focus. In sum, these findings support a complex (mis)fit model such that supervisors' attention to the past may hinder their productive leadership behaviors in some team contexts but not in others. Hence, this research advances a novel, multiple‐stakeholder perspective on the role of both supervisors' and their team's past temporal focus for important leadership behaviors.
Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resistance, Fusarium graminearum DNA content, strain potential toxin production, and disease severity on deoxynivalenol content
Authors: Fan Pingsheng , Gu Kejun , Wu Jingjing , Zhou Mingguo , Chen Changjun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSix wheat cultivars with varied resistance to Gibberella zeae (Anamorph, Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) were inoculated with six monoconidial strains of G. zeae to investigate the effect of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight on deoxynivalenol (DON) contents. Samples were selected from grains from each plot, and heavily infected kernels and sound (uninfected) kernels prepared at 10% and 20% Fusarium‐diseased kernels (FDK). The proportions of scabbed spikelets (PSS) in the field, total DON (containing DON, 3‐acetyl‐deoxynivalenol, and 15‐acetyl‐deoxynivalenol), and F. graminearum DNA (Tri5 DNA) in the samples were quantified in 2006 and 2007. PSS exhibited significant variability among the six wheat cultivars. Potential DON production also had significant differences among the six strains. DON toxin concentrations and F. graminearum DNA (Tri5 DNA) showed no significant differences among the six wheat cultivars following inoculation with similar F. graminearum strains at similar FDK levels and at similar disease severity after culture in similar conditions. DON content in grains of the tested wheat cultivars varied with inoculation strain and FDK level, but not with the resistance level of the cultivars to F. graminearum.