bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplemental breast cancer screening after negative mammography in US women with dense breasts
Authors: Foster Victoria M , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Stout Natasha K , Lee Christoph I , Ichikawa Laura E , Eavey Joanna , Henderson Louise , Miglioretti Diana L , Tosteson Anna N A , Bowles Erin A , Kerlikowske Karla , Sprague Brian L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The extent and determinants of supplemental screening among women with dense breasts are unclear. We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 498 855 women aged 40-74 years with heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts who obtained 1 176 251 negative screening mammography examinations during 2011-2019 in the United States. Overall, 2.8% and 0.3% of mammograms had supplemental ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 1 year, respectively. Onsite availability was associated with ultrasound (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.21 to 4.49) but not MRI (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.04). Facility academic affiliation and for-profit status were inversely associated with supplemental ultrasound (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.57, and OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.81 to 0.86, respectively) and positively associated with supplemental MRI (OR = 3.04, 95% CI = 2.86 to 3.46, and OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.66 to 2.12, respectively). Supplemental screening was more likely to occur after passage of state-specific density notification laws than before passage (OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 3.30 to 3.84, and OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.60 to 2.00, respectively). These results show that supplemental breast imaging utilization has been uncommon and was related to facility factors and density legislation.
A phylogenetic study of South-Western Tibetic
Authors: Dhakal Dubi Nanda , List Johann-Mattis , Roberts Seán G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study performs primary data collection, transcription, and cognate coding for eight South West Tibetic languages (Lowa, Gyalsumdo, Nubri, Tsum, Yohlmo, Kagate, Jirel, and Sherpa). This includes partial cognate coding, which analyses linguistic relations at the morpheme level. Prior resources and inferences are leveraged to conduct a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. This helps estimate the extent to which the historical relationships between the languages represent a tree-like structure. We argue that small-scale projects like this are critical to wider attempts to reconstruct the cultural evolutionary history of Sino-Tibetan and other families.
Micromechanical simulation of interfacial fracture behavior using cohesive zone modeling for TRIP steel composite with ceramic particles
Authors: Chiu ChenChun , Tseng ShaoChen , Qayyum Faisal , Hama Takayuki , Prahl Ulrich , Chao ChingKong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
In this work, ceramic particle and metal matrix interfacial delamination in transformation-induced plasticity steel composite reinforced with magnesium partially stabilized zirconia particles is investigated using a parametric modeling approach. The global behavior of the composite is modeled using elastic and Johnson-Cook plasticity models for the ceramic particles and the austenite matrix. Interfacial degradation is implemented through a cohesive zone model with a traction-separation law. Both perfect and damaged models are considered in the global stress-strain curve analysis. In the damaged model, the plastic region is characterized by softening and hardening stages, corresponding to unstable and stable crack propagation, respectively. To comprehensively identify the interfacial evolution, parameters such as normal contact strength, normal separation and stiffness degradation are evaluated along the particle/matrix interface. From a statistical perspective, the mechanical behavior of the system is analyzed through the kernel distribution plots for both the particles and the matrix. As the strain level increases, right- and left-skewed distributions are observed in the particles and matrix, respectively, particularly under high-strain conditions. Consequently, in the plastic hardening region, the median value exceeds the mean value, indicating that relying solely on the average stress value results in an underestimation during significant delamination.
Viewing the PLATO LOPS2 field through the lenses of TESS
Authors: Eschen Yoshi Nike Emilia , Bayliss Daniel , Wilson Thomas G , Kunimoto Michelle , Pelisoli Ingrid , Rodel Toby 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
PLATO will begin observing stars in its Southern Field (LOPS2) after its launch in late 2026. By this time, TESS will have observed the stars in LOPS2 for at least four years. We find that by 2025, on average each star in the PLATO field will have been monitored for 330 d by TESS, with a subset of stars in the TESS continuous viewing zone having over 1000 d of monitoring. There are currently 101 known transiting exoplanets in the LOPS2 field, with 36 of these residing in multiplanet systems. The LOPS2 field also contains more than 500 TESS planet candidate systems, 64 exoplanets discovered by radial velocity only, over 1000 bright (V&lt;13) eclipsing binary systems, 7 transiting brown dwarf systems, and 2 bright white dwarfs (G&lt;13). We calculate TESS and PLATO sensitivities to detecting transits for the bright FGK stars that make up the PLATO LOPS2 P1 sample. We find that TESS should have discovered almost all transiting giant planets out to approximately 30 d within the LOPS2 field, and out to approximately 100 d for the regions of the LOPS2 field within the TESS CVZ ($\sim 20$ per cent of the LOPS2 field). However, we find that for smaller radius planets in the range 1 – 4 R$_{\oplus }$PLATO will have significantly better sensitivity, and these are likely to make up the bulk of new PLATO discoveries.
The effect of helium reionization on the Ly α forest hydrogen flux statistics
Authors: Meiksin Avery , Puchwein Ewald 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We assess the impact of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) on the high-redshift ($z\gt 4$) intergalactic medium using Monte Carlo realizations of QSO populations and the He $\rm \scriptstyle III$ regions they generate, applied to the Sherwood–Relics simulations, allowing for uncertainties in the QSO luminosity function, its evolution, and QSO spectra and ages. While QSO luminosity functions based on optical–infrared selection are unable to reproduce the broadening H $\rm \scriptstyle I$ Ly $\alpha$ optical depth distributions at $z\gt 5$, much broader distributions are found for the higher numbers of QSOs based on X-ray selection, suggesting a large QSO contribution to the ultraviolet background at $z\gt 5$ may offer an alternative to late reionization models to account for the broad H $\rm \scriptstyle I$ Ly $\alpha$ optical depth distributions. Realizations using QSOs based on the higher QSO counts also much better recover the measured pixel flux autocorrelation function at $z\gt 5$. The He $\rm \scriptstyle III$ regions from QSO sources according to both types of luminosity function suppress the pixel flux power spectrum on small scales, $k\gt 0.02\, \mathrm{s\, km^{-1}}$, while enhancing it on larger, both by amounts of up to tens of per cent at $z\gt 4$, with the magnitude increasing with the intergalactic He $\rm \scriptstyle III$ filling factor and the boost in temperature within the He $\rm \scriptstyle III$ regions.
The Meissner effect in neutron stars
Authors: Lander S K 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the first model aimed at understanding how the Meissner effect in a young neutron star affects its macroscopic magnetic field. In this model, field expulsion occurs on a dynamical time-scale, and is realized through two processes that occur at the onset of superconductivity: fluid motions causing the dragging of field lines, followed by magnetic reconnection. Focusing on magnetic fields weaker than the superconducting critical field, we show that complete Meissner expulsion is but one of four possible generic scenarios for the magnetic-field geometry, and can never expel magnetic flux from the centre of the star. Reconnection causes the release of up to $\sim 5\times 10^{46}\, \mathrm{erg}$ of energy at the onset of superconductivity, and is only possible for certain favourable early-phase dynamics and for pre-condensation fields $10^{12}\, \mathrm{G}\lesssim B\lesssim 5\times 10^{14}\, \mathrm{G}$. Fields weaker or stronger than this are predicted to thread the whole star.
Alternative substrate kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 endonuclease reveals a specificity landscape dominated by RNA structure
Authors: Kalia Nidhi , Snell Kimberly C , Harris Michael E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Coronavirus endoribonuclease Nsp15 contributes to the evasion of host innate immunity by suppressing levels of viral dsRNA. Nsp15 cleaves both ssRNA and dsRNA in vitro with a strong preference for unpaired or bulged U residues, and its activity is stimulated by divalent ions. Here, we systematically quantified effects of RNA sequence and structure context that define its specificity. The results show that sequence preference for U↓A/G, observed previously, contributes only ca. 2-fold to kcat/Km. In contrast, dsRNA structure flanking a bulged U residue increases kcat/Km by an order of magnitude compared to ssRNA while base pairing in dsRNA essentially blocks cleavage. Despite enormous differences in multiple turnover kinetics, the effect of RNA structure on the cleavage step is minimal. Surprisingly, although divalent ion activation of Nsp15 is widely considered to be important for its biological function, the effect on kcat/Km is only ∼2-fold and independent of RNA structure. These results reveal a specificity landscape dominated by RNA structure and provide a quantitative framework for identifying interactions that underlie specificity, determining mechanisms of inhibition and resistance and defining targets important for coronavirus biology.
Understanding Use of E-cigarettes for Smoking Cessation Among a Sample of U.S. Adults
Authors: Sharma Akshika , Morean Meghan E , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , O’Malley Stephanie S , Bold Krysten W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Many adults who smoke cigarettes report trying e-cigarettes to quit smoking. Understanding the use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and the type of support that adults desire when trying to quit smoking is important for supporting cessation attempts and maximizing smoking abstinence.

Aims and Methods
In the summer of 2021, an online survey of 857 adults who reported a history of regular cigarette smoking and endorsed using e-cigarettes in a recent smoking cessation attempt was conducted. Survey items assessed reasons for using e-cigarettes to quit smoking, what was helpful about e-cigarettes, and what information participants desired when using e-cigarettes to quit smoking.

Results
Common reasons for using e-cigarettes to quit smoking included beliefs that vaping would be helpful for quitting (53.6%), vaping is safer than smoking (50.5%), and favorable comparisons relative to other nicotine replacement treatments like nicotine patches and gum (24.7%). 23.8% selected e-cigarettes because they were cheaper than other smoking cessation aids. 89% of participants reported still smoking cigarettes at the time of the survey. The most common information people wanted when quitting was advice on how to gradually reduce nicotine over time to become nicotine-free (46.3%), how different vaping devices work (39.7%), and what nicotine concentration to start with (37.7%).

Conclusions
Findings identified common beliefs about e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid and how they compare to other treatments including nicotine replacement treatment. Understanding factors that support cessation is critical especially due to high relapse rates. Results may help to inform support programs, especially for individuals who are interested in using e-cigarettes to quit smoking.

Implications
Despite greater reporting, there is a limited understanding of e-cigarette use for quitting among those who smoke cigarettes. Our study highlights the reasons for using e-cigarettes among those who have recently tried e-cigarettes for quitting smoking, and the components of e-cigarettes that were helpful. We also examined the desired support in a program designed to use e-cigarettes for quitting smoking. The majority of participants who attempted to quit smoking using an e-cigarette relapsed to smoking, indicating the gap in cessation support that can be filled with a greater understanding of the desired support.
Impact of microvascular invasion risk on tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma after conventional transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Yang Guanhua , Chen Yuxin , Wang Minglei , Wang Hongfang , Chen Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess tumor progression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without macrovascular invasion who underwent treatment with conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) based on microvascular invasion (MVI) risk within 2 years.

Methods
This retrospective investigation comprised adult patients with HCC who had either liver resection or cTACE as their first treatment from January 2016 to December 2021. A predictive model for MVI was developed and validated using preoperative clinical and MRI data from patients with HCC treated with liver resection. The MVI predictive model was applied to patients with HCC receiving cTACE, and differences in tumor progression between the MVI high- and low-risk groups were examined throughout 2 years.

Results
The MVI prediction model incorporated nonsmooth margin, intratumoral artery, incomplete or absent tumor capsule, and tumor DWI/T2WI mismatch. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the prediction model, in the training cohort, was determined to be 0.904 (95% CI, 0.862-0.946), while in the validation cohort, it was 0.888 (0.782-0.994). Among patients with HCC undergoing cTACE, those classified as high risk for MVI possessed a lower rate of achieving a complete response after the first tumor therapy and a higher risk of tumor progression within 2 years.

Conclusions
The MVI prediction model developed in this study demonstrates a considerable degree of accuracy. Patients at high risk for MVI who underwent cTACE treatment exhibited a higher risk of tumor progression within 2 years.
Chemical neurolysis of genicular nerves for chronic non-cancer knee pain: a scoping review
Authors: Tay Matthew Rong Jie , Mittal Nimish , Yao Samantha , Farag Jordan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Chemical neurolysis of the genicular nerves is a treatment option for intractable non-cancer knee pain. This scoping review synthesizes the available literature on the effectiveness, adverse events, and procedural techniques of chemical neurolysis of genicular nerves for the management of knee pain.

Design
Scoping review.

Setting
All clinical and research settings.

Subjects
Adult participants with chronic non-cancer knee pain undergoing chemical neurolysis of genicular nerves.

Methods
A literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library was conducted up to September 4, 2023. Articles were searched via terms and keywords relating to “knee,” “pain,” “knee osteoarthritis,” “ablation,” “alcohol,” “phenol,” and “chemical neurolysis.” Included articles were full-text primary studies and in English. Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers using an electronic database.

Results
Eight studies were included in this review (including 1 randomized controlled trial), comprising 192 patients. Of the 8 studies, 4 used phenol, 3 used alcohol, and 1 used either alcohol or phenol for chemical neurolysis. Fluoroscopy, ultrasound guidance, or both were used for nerve target identification. All studies demonstrated that chemical neurolysis resulted in improved pain or functional outcomes, with no serious adverse events reported.

Conclusions
Chemical neurolysis of the genicular nerves is a promising treatment strategy for chronic knee pain. Interpretation of the available studies is limited by study heterogeneity and small sample sizes. High-quality randomized controlled trials are required to clarify the selection of appropriate nerve targets and choice of image guidance and to compare with other ablative modalities.

Study registration
Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jg8wh).
Exercise and footwear in medial knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial comparing flat flexible footwear to stable supportive shoes
Authors: Dainese Paolo , Stautemas Jan , De Mits Sophie , Wittoek Ruth , Van Ginckel Ans , Huysse Wouter , Demeyer Heleen , Mahieu Hanne , Calders Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated whether adding daily use of flat flexible footwear (FFF) to a strengthening and aerobic exercise program improved short- and longer-term outcomes compared with adding stable supportive shoes (SSS) in people with medial tibiofemoral OA.

Methods
Participants (n = 97) with medial tibiofemoral OA were randomly assigned (1:1) to the FFF (n = 50) or SSS (n = 47) group. Participants in both groups received a 9-month intervention (3 months supervised followed by 6 months unsupervised exercise). The primary outcome was the change in knee pain on walking at 3 months measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcomes included the change from baseline to 3 and 9 months in the severity of knee pain overall (NRS), physical function (WOMAC subscale), habitual physical activity level (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly), quality of life (QoL) (European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 5-Levels questionnaire) and markers of inflammation (effusion and Hoffa synovitis) and structural disease progression (bone marrow lesions).

Results
There were no significant differences between the groups in the change in pain on walking [between-group difference −0.67 (95% CI −1.62, 0.29)] at 3 months. Knee pain on walking and overall knee pain significantly decreased in both groups at 3 and 9 months. Physical function and QoL improved in both groups at 3 and 9 months. We found no between-group differences in any secondary outcome at any time.

Conclusions
FFF added to exercise therapy did not provide additional better symptom nor structure-modification benefit compared with conventional SSS and exercise in people with medial tibiofemoral OA.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov), NCT03796832.
Freshwater jellyfish in northeastern Argentina: a risk to human health
Authors: Casafús Milena Gisela , Gritti Micaela Andrea , Miranda Cecilia , Guimarães Paula , Montalto Luciana , Peichoto María Elisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Although cnidarians are mostly marine organisms, the occurrence of freshwater jellyfish frequently arouses the interest of ecologists, due to their sudden and unusual appearances in natural and artificial water bodies around the world.

Methods
This study describes a series of cases compatible with cnidarian envenomation that occurred coincidentally in time and space with the presence of Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 jellyfish in the province of Misiones (El Saltito stream) in January 2022. A year later, its presence was confirmed in another watercourse of this province (Cazador stream). Based on these findings, its possible toxicological consequences in humans were evaluated by characterizing the jellyfish extract using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and enzymatic/toxic activities.

Results
We revealed the presence of proteolytic enzymes and cytolytic toxin(s), which—by means of activating the inflammatory cascade—could explain the stinging skin lesions observed in the suspected cases described.

Conclusions
In addition to recording for the first time the occurrence of this cnidarian in northeastern Argentina, this work provides, for the first time, a toxinological explanation for the clinical observations after contact with the most widespread freshwater jellyfish species in the world, giving support to health professionals in the diagnosis and management of such accidents/envenomation.
The Benefits of Early Rehabilitation for Patients With Acute Heart Failure Requiring IV Inotropic Drugs
Authors: Ueno Kensuke , Kaneko Hidehiro , Kamiya Kentaro , Okada Akira , Konishi Masaaki , Imamura Teruhiko , Suzuki Yuta , Fujiu Katsuhito , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Ako Junya , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Takeda Norihiko , Komuro Issei 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:
The benefits of early rehabilitation for patients with acute heart failure (HF) requiring IV inotropic drugs have yet to be determined. We investigated the association between early rehabilitation and short-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute HF requiring IV inotropic drugs.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
This study used data including more than 90% of patients at a tertiary emergency hospital in Japan.

PATIENTS:
This study included patients with acute HF who required IV inotropic drugs within 2 days of admission.

INTERVENTIONS:
We compared patients who commenced rehabilitation within 2 days of admission (the early rehabilitation group) and those who did not (the control group).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Propensity score matching was used to compare in-hospital mortality, 30-day all-cause and HF readmissions, length of stay, and Barthel Index (BI) at discharge between patients who received early rehabilitation and those who did not. Totally, 38,302 patients were eligible for inclusion; of these, 5,127 received early rehabilitation and 5,126 pairs were generated by propensity score matching. After propensity score matching, the patients who received early rehabilitation had a lower in-hospital mortality rate than those who did not (9.9% vs. 13.2%; p < 0.001). The relative risk (95% CI) of early rehabilitation for in-hospital mortality was 0.75 (0.67–0.83). Patients undergoing early rehabilitation exhibited a shorter mean length of stay (25.5 vs. 27.1; p < 0.001), lower 30-day all-cause (14.1% vs. 16.4%; p = 0.001) and HF (8.6% vs. 10.4%; p = 0.002) readmissions, and higher BI scores at discharge (68 vs. 67; p = 0.096). Consistent findings were observed across subgroups, including in patients 80 years old or older, those with a body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2, and those with BI scores less than 60.

CONCLUSIONS:
The early prescription of rehabilitation was associated with favorable short-term outcomes even for patients with acute HF requiring IV inotropic drugs.