bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐locus phylogenetics, lineage sorting, and reticulation in Pinus subsection Australes
Authors: Gernandt David S. , Aguirre Dugua Xitlali , Vázquez‐Lobo Alejandra , Willyard Ann , Moreno Letelier Alejandra , Pérez de la Rosa Jorge A. , Piñero Daniel , Liston Aaron 
Published: April 2018

Premise of the StudyBoth incomplete lineage sorting and reticulation have been proposed as causes of phylogenetic incongruence. Disentangling these factors may be most difficult in long‐lived, wind‐pollinated plants with large population sizes and weak reproductive barriers.MethodsWe used solution hybridization for targeted enrichment and massive parallel sequencing to characterize low‐copy‐number nuclear genes and high‐copy‐number plastomes (Hyb‐Seq) in 74 individuals of Pinus subsection Australes, a group of ~30 New World pine species of exceptional ecological and economic importance. We inferred relationships using methods that account for both incomplete lineage sorting and reticulation.Key ResultsConcatenation‐ and coalescent‐based trees inferred from nuclear genes mainly agreed with one another, but they contradicted the plastid DNA tree in recovering the Attenuatae (the California closed‐cone pines) and Oocarpae (the egg‐cone pines of Mexico and Central America) as monophyletic and the Australes sensu stricto (the southern yellow pines) as paraphyletic to the Oocarpae. The plastid tree featured some relationships that were discordant with morphological and geographic evidence and species limits. Incorporating gene flow into the coalescent analyses better fit the data, but evidence supporting the hypothesis that hybridization explains the non‐monophyly of the Attenuatae in the plastid tree was equivocal.ConclusionsOur analyses document cytonuclear discordance in Pinus subsection Australes. We attribute this discordance to ancient and recent introgression and present a phylogenetic hypothesis in which mostly hierarchical relationships are overlain by gene flow.
A Durable Nickel Single‐Atom Catalyst for Hydrogenation Reactions and Cellulose Valorization under Harsh Conditions
Authors: Liu Wengang , Chen Yinjuan , Qi Haifeng , Zhang Leilei , Yan Wensheng , Liu Xiaoyan , Yang Xiaofeng , Miao Shu , Wang Wentao , Liu Chenguang , Wang Aiqin , Li Jun , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHydrothermally stable, acid‐resistant nickel catalysts are highly desired in hydrogenation reactions, but such a catalyst remains absent owing to the inherent vulnerability of nickel under acidic conditions. An ultra‐durable Ni‐N‐C single‐atom catalyst (SAC) has now been developed that possesses a remarkable Ni content (7.5 wt %) required for practical usage. This SAC shows not only high activities for hydrogenation of various unsaturated substrates but also unprecedented durability for the one‐pot conversion of cellulose under very harsh conditions (245 °C, 60 bar H2, presence of tungstic acid in hot water). Using integrated spectroscopy characterization and computational modeling, the active site structure is identified as (Ni‐N4)⋅⋅⋅N, where significantly distorted octahedral coordination and pyridinic N constitute a frustrated Lewis pair for the heterolytic dissociation of dihydrogen, and the robust covalent chemical bonding between Ni and N atoms accounts for its ultrastability.
Hydrogels based on alkylated chitosan and polyelectrolyte copolymers
Authors: Palacio Daniel A. , Urbano Bruno F. , Rivas Bernabé L. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTHydrogels formed by alkylated chitosan withN‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride and synthetic copolymers forming polyelectrolyte complexes are presented. The copolymer polyelectrolytes were synthesized through free‐radical polymerization. Their compositions and reactivity parameters were determined by the Finemann–Ross and Kelen–Tüdos methods. The copolymers have structures that tend to be alternating. The hydrogels were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and water solubility tests at different pH values. For the formation of the hydrogels, they were prepared using different molar ratios of alkylated chitosan and polyelectrolyte copolymers. Their stability was determined by rheological analysis, evaluating the response as a function of strain and frequency. The rheological tests showed that the stability of the polyelectrolyte complexes followed the trend ChT‐CP2 > ChT‐CP3 > ChT‐CP1 due to the presence of greater electrostatic interactions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46556.
3D Analysis of Human Embryos and Fetuses Using Digitized Datasets From the Kyoto Collection
Authors: Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional (3D) analysis of the human embryonic and early‐fetal period has been performed using digitized datasets obtained from the Kyoto Collection, in which the digital datasets play a primary role in research. Datasets include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquired with 1.5 T, 2.35 T, and 7 T magnet systems, phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography (CT), and digitized histological serial sections. Large, high‐resolution datasets covering a broad range of developmental periods obtained with various methods of acquisition are key elements for the studies. The digital data have gross merits that enabled us to develop various analysis. Digital data analysis accelerated the speed of morphological observations using precise and improved methods by providing a suitable plane for a morphometric analysis from staged human embryos. Morphometric data are useful for quantitatively evaluating and demonstrating the features of development and for screening abnormal samples, which may be suggestive in the pathogenesis of congenital malformations. Morphometric data are also valuable for comparing sonographic data in a process known as “sonoembryology.” The 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks may be useful tools for analyzing the positional change of interesting landmarks and their relationships during development. Several dynamic events could be explained by differential growth using 3D coordinates. Moreover, 3D coordinates can be utilized in mathematical analysis as well as statistical analysis. The 3D analysis in our study may serve to provide accurate morphologic data, including the dynamics of embryonic structures related to developmental stages, which is required for insights into the dynamic and complex processes occurring during organogenesis. Anat Rec, 301:960–969, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sleep disturbances and depression severity in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kay Daniel B. , Tanner Jared J. , Bowers Dawn 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesParkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystem movement disorder associated with sleep disturbance and depression. Sleep disturbances and depression severity share a bidirectional association. This association may be greater in individuals who are more vulnerable to the deleterious consequences of sleep disturbance and depression severity. We investigated whether the association between sleep disturbances and depression severity is greater in patients with PD than in matched controls (MC).Materials and MethodsThe study sample (N = 98) included 50 patients with idiopathic PD and 48 age‐, race‐, sex‐, and education‐matched controls. Sleep disturbances were assessed using self‐reported total sleep time (TST) on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the sleep item on the Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd ed. (BDI‐II), and the Insomnia Severity Index total score. Depression severity was assessed using the BDI‐II total score, excluding the sleep item. Spearman's correlations, chi‐squared tests, and multiple regression were used to assess associations between sleep disturbances and depression severity in PD and MC. Fisher's Z transformation was used to test whether the association between sleep disturbances and depression severity was stronger in patients with PD.ResultsShorter TST, sleeping less than usual, and insomnia severity were associated with depression severity in the total sample, rs(94) = −0.35, p = .001; rs(71) = 0.51, p < .001; rs(78) = −0.47, p < .001; rs(98) = 0.46, p < .001, respectively. The association between shorter TST and depression severity was greater in patients with PD than it was in MC, p < .05.ConclusionShort TST may be an important marker, predictor, or consequence of depression severity in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Discrepancy between catheter and doppler gradients immediately post transcatheter aortic valve replacement in an underexpanded prosthesis
Authors: Hameedullah Imad , Ahmed Elnazeer O. , Alzoobiy Abdalla , Elkhateeb Osama 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageUnderexpansion of an aortic bioprosthetic valve is common after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Significant discrepancy between invasive hemodynamic gradients and echocardiographic Doppler gradients in an underexpanded bioprosthesis can be attributed to pressure recovery phenomenon. This case emphasizes the importance of echocardiographic guidance in implantation and assessment of bioprosthetic valve during TAVR.
Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane to Cyclohexanone Using Chromium Oxide Supported Mesoporous MCM‐41 Nanospheres: Probing the Nature of Catalytically Active Chromium Sites
Authors: Betsy Kurisingal J. , Nayak Chandrani , Lazar Anish , Krishnan Athira , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu , Jha Shambhu N. , Vinod Chathakudath P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHighly dispersed chromium oxide supported mesoporous MCM‐41 nanosphere catalysts have been synthesized using a simple wet impregnation method. This work is devoted to a systematic study to reveal the active Cr sites in chromium oxide supported MCM‐41 nanosphere catalysts for the selective oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone. To probe the nature of the active species, we synthesized 0.5–10 wt % Cr loaded catalysts and characterized them by using XRD, UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, extended X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis, X‐ray absorption near edge structure analysis, N2 sorption analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, 29Si NMR spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM. The liquid‐phase oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone (99 % selectivity) was performed under mild reaction conditions, and the results reveal clearly that the 5 wt % Cr loaded catalyst was optimum for the reaction. The initial composition of isolated Cr3+ species in the catalyst is the major factor that influences the enhanced activity for cyclohexane oxidation.
Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Imidazole‐Modified Bentonite: Environmentally Benign Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Three‐Component Synthesis of Propargylamines in Water
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad , Bonyasi Reza , Najera Carmen , Saadati Fariba , Bahrami Maedeh , Dasvarz Neda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGold nanoparticles supported on imidazole‐modified bentonite, Bent@Im@Au NPs, has been developed for the first time as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of propargylamines under mild reaction conditions in water at a loading of 0.07 mol % of Au. Various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and element mapping by scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The new gold catalyst was found to be highly active providing high to excellent yields of A3 coupling products via the reactions of various aldehydes, having electron‐withdrawing as well as electron‐donating substituents, with different amines and alkynes. The catalysts can be easily recovered and reused without significant loss of activity and the recycled catalyst was characterized.
Controllable Preparation of Uniform Micron‐Sized Barium‐Sulfate Spheres
Authors: Liu Yuejiao , Guo Xiaoyan , Yang Suohe , He Guangxiang , Jin Haibo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this work, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA·2Na) is used as a complexing agent to control the preparation of micron‐sized barium sulfate spheres via a precipitation reaction between sodium sulfate and barium chloride at 35 °C. To better characterize the morphology, structure and particle size of barium sulfate spheres and to understand the formation mechanisms, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), laser particle size analyser (PSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are employed. The influence of the reaction conditions such as pH, [EDTA/Ba2+] ratio, [Ba2+] concentration and reaction time are investigated. These parameters affected the size and morphology of barium sulfate. Moreover, this work attempts to provide a primary understanding of the formation mechanism of micron‐sized spherical barium sulfate spheres
Synthesis of Porous Sulfonamide Polymers by Capturing Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Chen Dong , Chen Nanqing , Huang Kuan , Tao Duanjian , Li Meijun , Dai Sheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe emission of SO2 from the burning of fossil fuel has resulted in a severe atmospheric pollution. The development of efficient strategies for not only capturing but also utilizing SO2 is highly welcome. A simple, mild, and versatile method has been developed that exploits atmospheric SO2 in the synthesis of porous polymers. Inspired by the chemistry of sulfonamides, contorted or bulky monomers with multiple amine groups were cross‐linked by SO2 molecules in the presence of Et3N and I2. The sulfonamide polymers have specific surface areas up to 211 m2 g−1. In contrast to most porous polymers, the porous sulfonamide polymers (PSPs) are soluble in organic solvents, thus offering a chance to study their structures and molecular weights by liquid‐state NMR spectroscopy and gel‐permeation chromatography, respectively. Moreover, these PSPs can be easily processed into organic membranes. The current concept should encourage more studies to design porous polymers with SO2 or CO2 gases as linkages.
Monitoring circulating prostate cancer cells by in vivo flow cytometry assesses androgen deprivation therapy on metastasis
Authors: Pang Kai , Xie Chengying , Yang Zhangru , Suo Yuanzhen , Zhu Xi , Wei Dan , Weng Xiaofu , Wei Xunbin , Gu Zhengqin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt remains controversial whether surgical castration prolongs survival rate and improves therapy prospects in patients suffering from prostate cancer. We used PC3 cell line to establish prostate tumor models. In vivo flow cytometry and ultrasonic imaging were used to monitor the process of prostate cancer growth, development and metastasis. We found out that the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in orthotopic tumor model was higher than that in subcutaneous tumor model. The CTC number in orthotopic tumor model was due to burst growth, while CTC number in subcutaneous tumor model showed a gradual increase with tumor size. After androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) through testicular extraction, we constructed GFP‐PC3 subcutaneous tumor models and orthotopic tumor models. We found dramatically decreased CTC number, relieved symptoms caused by the tumor, and significantly prolonged survival time after testicular extraction in orthotopically transplanted prostate tumor model, while the carcinogenesis process and metastases were little influenced by ADT in subcutaneous tumor model. ADT treatment can restrict tumor growth, decrease the CTC number significantly and inhibit distant invasion through inhibition of tumor proliferation and tumor angiogenesis in orthotopical prostate tumor model. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Speciation analysis of mercury by dispersive solid‐phase extraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Li Jinhua , Liu Junying , Lu Wenhui , Gao Fangfang , Wang Liyan , Ma Jiping , Liu Huitao , Liao Chunyang , Chen Lingxin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA pretreatment method of dispersive solid‐phase extraction (DSPE) along with back‐extraction followed by CE‐UV detector was developed for the determination of mercury species in water samples. Sulfhydryl‐functionalized SiO2 microspheres (SiO2−SH) were synthesized and used as DSPE adsorbents for selective extraction and enrichment of three organic mercury species namely ethylmercury (EtHg), methylmercury (MeHg), and phenylmercury (PhHg), along with L‐cysteine (L‐cys) containing hydrochloric acid as back‐extraction solvent. Several main extraction parameters were systematically investigated including sample pH, amount of adsorbent, extraction and back‐extraction time, volume of eluent, and concentration of hydrochloric acid. Under optimal conditions, good linearity was achieved with correlation coefficients over 0.9990, in the range of 4−200 μg/L for EtHg, and 2−200 μg/L for MeHg and PhHg. The LODs were obtained of 1.07, 0.34, and 0.24 μg/L for EtHg, MeHg, and PhHg, respectively, as well as the LOQs were 3.57, 1.13, and 0.79 μg/L, respectively, with enrichment factors ranging from 109 to 184. Recoveries were attained with tap and lake water samples in a range of 62.3−107.2%, with relative standard deviations of 3.5–10.1%. The results proved that the method of SiO2−SH based DSPE coupled with CE‐UV was a simple, rapid, cost‐effective, and eco‐friendly alternative for the determination of mercury species in water samples.
Novel in silico multivariate mapping of intrinsic and anticorrelated connectivity to neurocognitive functional maps supports the maturational hypothesis of ADHD
Authors: de Lacy Nina , Kodish Ian , Rachakonda Srinivas , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFrom childhood to adolescence, strengthened coupling in frontal, striatal and parieto‐temporal regions associated with cognitive control, and increased anticorrelation between task‐positive and task‐negative circuits, subserve the reshaping of behavior. ADHD is a common condition peaking in adolescence and regressing in adulthood, with a wide variety of cognitive control deficits. Alternate hypotheses of ADHD emphasize lagging circuitry refinement versus categorical differences in network function. However, quantifying the individual circuit contributions to behavioral findings, and relative roles of maturational versus categorical effects, is challenging in vivo or in meta‐analyses using task‐based paradigms within the same pipeline, given the multiplicity of neurobehavioral functions implicated. To address this, we analyzed 46 positively‐correlated and anticorrelated circuits in a multivariate model in resting‐state data from 504 age‐ and gender‐matched youth, and created a novel in silico method to map individual quantified effects to reverse inference maps of 8 neurocognitive functions consistently implicated in ADHD, as well as dopamine and hyperactivity. We identified only age‐ and gender‐related effects in intrinsic connectivity, and found that maturational refinement of circuits in youth with ADHD occupied 3‐10x more brain locations than in typical development, with the footprint, effect size and contribution of individual circuits varying substantially. Our analysis supports the maturational hypothesis of ADHD, suggesting lagging connectivity reorganization within specific subnetworks of fronto‐parietal control, ventral attention, cingulo‐opercular, temporo‐limbic and cerebellar sub‐networks contribute across neurocognitive findings present in this complex condition. We present the first analysis of anti‐correlated connectivity in ADHD and suggest new directions for exploring residual and non‐responsive symptoms.
Reirradiation of head and neck cancer using modern highly conformal techniques
Authors: Ho Jennifer C. , Phan Jack 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLocoregional disease recurrence or development of a second primary cancer after definitive radiotherapy for head and neck cancers remains a treatment challenge. Reirradiation utilizing traditional techniques has been limited by concern for serious toxicity. With the advent of newer, more precise radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), proton radiotherapy, and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), there has been renewed interest in curative‐intent head and neck reirradiation. However, as most studies were retrospective, single‐institutional experiences, the optimal modality is not clear. We provide a comprehensive review of the outcomes of relevant studies using these 3 head and neck reirradiation techniques, followed by an analysis and comparison of the toxicity, tumor control, concurrent systemic therapy, and prognostic factors. Overall, there is evidence that IMRT, proton therapy, and SBRT reirradiation are feasible treatment options that offer a chance for durable local control and survival. Prospective studies, particularly randomized trials, are needed.
Image‐guided chemical and thermal ablations for thyroid disease: Review of efficacy and complications
Authors: Nixon Iain J. , Angelos Peter , Shaha Ashok R. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Williams Michelle D. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractImage‐guided ablation of thyroid disease is increasingly being commonly reported. Techniques including ethanol injection and thermal ablation using radio‐frequency, laser, and microwave devices have been described. Minimally invasive approaches to the management of benign cystic, solid, and functional thyroid nodules as well as both primary and recurrent thyroid malignancy have been reported. The purpose of this article is to review the current evidence relating to image‐guided ablation of thyroid disease with a focus on clinical outcomes and complication rates for patients treated with this minimally invasive approach.
Critical Global Literacies: A New Instructional Framework in the Global Era
Authors: Yoon Bogum , Yol Özge , Haag Claudia , Simpson Anne 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this global era, the importance of promoting global and cross‐cultural perspectives is receiving more attention in the field of literacy education. A specific instructional framework that teachers can use across the curriculum is crucial for adolescents’ literacy learning and life. However, the details on how to promote these perspectives to enact adolescents’ agency as critically conscious global citizens are severely lacking. This article responds to the gap by providing diverse instructional classroom examples guided by a newly developed instructional framework of critical global literacies. The authors aim to move literacy education toward global literacy education with a critical lens in this dynamic interconnected society.