bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Semitransparent Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Yuanpeng , Huo Lijun , Fan Bingbing , Fu Huiting , Cai Yunhao , Zhang Lin , Li Zhiyi , Wang Ying , Ma Wei , Chen Yiwang , Sun Yanming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSemitransparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) are ideal candidates for building‐integrated photovoltaics. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) is one of the most important parameters of STOSCs, which is typically limited by the intrinsic narrow absorption of thin active layer. Ternary structure is demonstrated as an efficient approach to broaden the light absorption and manipulate the morphology, thus leading to improved PCEs by introducing a third component into the binary system. However, STOSCs based on ternary systems are rarely studied. In this contribution, semitransparent ternary solar cells are fabricated using a wide‐bandgap (E
g = 2.10 eV) polymer donor, PBT1‐S, as the third component. It is found that the addition of a small amount of PBT1‐S to PTB7‐Th:PC71BM blend has a negligible influence on its average visible transmittance (AVT) and color perception. A PCE of 9.2% is achieved for the champion ternary device with 20% AVT, which is one of the highest values for STOSCs. The results indicate that ternary structure is a promising approach for the fabrication of high‐performance STOSCs.
Highly Efficient Blue‐Emitting Bi‐Doped Cs2SnCl6 Perovskite Variant: Photoluminescence Induced by Impurity Doping
Authors: Tan Zhifang , Li Jinghui , Zhang Cheng , Li Zha , Hu Qingsong , Xiao Zewen , Kamiya Toshio , Hosono Hideo , Niu Guangda , Lifshitz Efrat , Cheng Yibing , Tang Jiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLead halide perovskites show excellent optoelectronic properties but are unsatisfactory in terms of stability and toxicity. Herein, bismuth (Bi)‐doped lead‐free inorganic perovskites Cs2SnCl6:Bi are reported as blue emissive phosphors. Upon Bi doping, the originally nonluminous Cs2SnCl6 exhibits a highly efficient deep‐blue emission at 455 nm, with a Stokes shift of 106 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) close to 80%. Hybrid density functional theory calculations suggest the preferred formation of [BiSn+VCl] defect complex, which is believed to be responsible for the optical absorption and the associated blue emission. The Cs2SnCl6:Bi also shows impressive thermal and water stability due to its inorganic nature and the formation of protective BiOCl layer. White light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are constructed using Cs2SnCl6:Bi and commercial yellow phosphors combined with commercial UV LED chips, giving the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates of (0.36, 0.37). This work represents a significant step toward the realization of highly efficient, stable, and environmentally benign next‐generation solid‐state lighting.
High Mobility Anisotropic Black Phosphorus Nanoribbon Field‐Effect Transistor
Authors: Feng Xuewei , Huang Xin , Chen Li , Tan Wee Chong , Wang Lin , Ang Kah‐Wee 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAchieving excellent electrostatic control and immunity to short channel effects are the formidable challenges in ultrascaled devices. 3D device architectures, such as nanoribbon, have successfully mitigated these problems by achieving uniform top‐ and side‐wall control of the channel. Here, by leveraging on the merits of 3D structure, high‐mobility black phosphorus nanoribbon field‐effect transistors (BPNR‐FET) are demonstrated and the anisotropic transport properties are systematically investigated. A simple top‐down reactive ion etching method is used to realize both armchair‐ and zigzag‐oriented nanoribbons with various widths down to 60 nm. The mobility of BPNR‐FET is found to be width‐ and thickness‐dependent, with the highest hole mobility of ≈862 cm2 V−1 s−1 demonstrated in armchair‐oriented device at room temperature by combining high‐κ gate dielectric and hydrogen treatment to reduce sidewall scattering. Furthermore, hydrogenation effectively passivates the nanoribbon dangling bonds, leading to hysteresis and contact resistance improvement. This work unravels the superior electrical performance underscore a conceptually new device based on BP nanoribbons, paving the way toward the development of nonplanar devices on 2D materials platform.
Bioinspired LDH‐Based Hierarchical Structural Hybrid Materials with Adjustable Mechanical Performance
Authors: Zhang Youwei , Zheng Jinlong , Yue Yonghai , Zhao Hewei , Li Fengshi , Guo Lin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMaterials with ultrahigh strength, lightweight, and high toughness have an urgent demand for a wide range of applications, which require a careful design of architectures and components from the micrometer to the nanometer scale. Herein, a simple method based on ice templating is exploited to prepare a layered double hydroxide based hierarchical structural hybrid material. There are two orders of interfaces in the hierarchical structure (the first‐order and the second‐order interface). The mechanical properties can be precisely controlled by adjusting interfacial interactions of these two orders of interfaces. The highest strength of this hybrid material with an optimal combination of these two orders of interfacial interactions is about 230 MPa, and the Young's modulus is about 131 GPa. The above‐mentioned values are higher than most common clay‐based hybrids, making the strengthening strategy (strengthening materials by adjusting interfacial interactions of these two orders of interfaces) a new and effective strengthening method.
Chiral 2D Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Wells
Authors: Yang Gaoling , Kazes Miri , Oron Dan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInduced chirality in colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles has raised significant attention in the past few years as an extremely sensitive spectroscopic tool and due to the promising applications of chiral quantum dots in sensing, quantum optics, and spintronics. Yet, the origin of the induced chiroptical effects in semiconductor nanoparticles is still not fully understood, partly because almost all the theoretical and experimental studies to date are based on the simple model system of a spherical nanocrystal. Here, the realization of induced chirality in atomically flat 2D colloidal quantum wells is shown. A strong circular dichroism (CD) response as well as an absorptive‐like CD line shape is observed in chiral CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs), significantly differing from that previously observed in spherical dots. Furthermore, this intense CD signal almost completely disappears after coating with a very thin CdS shell. In contrast, CdSe‐CdS core‐crown NPLs exhibit a spectral response which seems to originate independently from the core and the crown regions of the NPL. This work on the one hand further advances the understanding of the fundamental origin of induced chiroptical effects in semiconductor nanoparticles, and on the other opens a pathway toward applications using chiroptical materials.
Biological Stimulus‐Driven Assembly/Disassembly of Functional Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery, Controlled Activation, and Bioelimination
Authors: Hu Xi , Li Fangyuan , Wang Shuying , Xia Fan , Ling Daishun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNanoassembly technology has emerged as a powerful tool for targeted drug delivery and provides a basis for fabricating medical theranostic nanosystems. However, it is extremely difficult to concentrate nanoparticles at tumor sites, and the poor target‐to‐background ratio undoubtedly obstructs the accurate diagnosis and effective therapy of cancerous tissues. Importantly, the addition of biological stimulus‐responsive groups to nanoassembly systems can enable a biological stimulus‐driven assembly–disassembly mutual switch or structural composition/conformation change, thereby amplifying the imaging signal and/or enhancing the therapeutic effect. This progress report provides an overview of well‐designed biological stimulus‐responsive nanosystems that can realize precise assembly–disassembly switches by disrupting or rebuilding the intricate balance between the entropy and enthalpy of the nanosystems in response to stimuli (pH, redox, enzymes, etc.) in tumor tissues. The discussion encompasses different biological stimulus‐responsive groups, fabrication approaches, and outstanding selective “turn‐on” performance for efficient tumor imaging, therapy, and bioelimination. This progress report is expected to inspire more extensive research for the development of smart “turn‐on” nanomaterials with increased signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios for diagnosis and drug delivery, which may pave the way for precise nanomedicine with site‐specific theranostic features and biocompatibility.
Spoof Plasmonics: From Metamaterial Concept to Topological Description
Authors: Gao Zhen , Wu Lin , Gao Fei , Luo Yu , Zhang Baile 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAdvances in metamaterials have offered the opportunity of engineering electromagnetic properties beyond the limits of natural materials. A typical example is “spoof” surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which mimic features of SPPs without penetrating into metal, but only with periodic corrugations on metal surfaces. They hold considerable promise in device applications from microwaves to the far infrared, where real SPP modes do not exist. The original spoof SPP concept is derived from the description of corrugated surfaces by a metamaterial that hosts an effective plasma frequency. Later, studies have attempted to describe spoof SPP modes with the band structure by strictly solving Maxwell's equations, which can possess band gaps from polaritonic anticrossing principle or Bragg interference. More recently, as inspired by the development of topological framework in condensed matter physics, the topological description of spoof SPPs is used to propose topologically protected waveguiding phenomena. Here, the developments of spoof SPPs from both practical and fundamental perspectives are reviewed.
Molecularly Imprinted Porous Aromatic Frameworks Serving as Porous Artificial Enzymes
Authors: Yuan Ye , Yang Yajie , Faheem Muhammad , Zou Xiaoqin , Ma Xujiao , Wang Zeyu , Meng Qinghao , Wang Lili , Zhao Shuai , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractArtificially designed enzymes are in demand as ideal catalysts for industrial production but their dense structure conceals most of their functional fragments, thus detracting from performance. Here, molecularly imprinted porous aromatic frameworks (MIPAFs) which are exploited to incorporate full host–guest interactions of porous materials within the artificial enzymes are presented. By decorating a porous skeleton with molecularly imprinted complexes, it is demonstrated that MIPAFs are porous artificial enzymes possessing excellent kinetics for guest molecules. In addition, due to the abundance of accessible sites, MIPAFs can perform a wide range of sequential processes such as substrate hydrolysis and product transport. Through its two functional sites in tandem, the MIPAF subsequently manifests both hydrolysis and transport behaviors. Advantageously, the obtained catalytic rate is ≈58 times higher than that of all other conventional artificial enzymes and even surpasses by 14 times the rate for natural organophosphorus hydrolase (Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 27551).
Synergies of Electrochemical Metallization and Valance Change in All‐Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots for Resistive Switching
Authors: Wang Yan , Lv Ziyu , Liao Qiufan , Shan Haiquan , Chen Jinrui , Zhou Ye , Zhou Li , Chen Xiaoli , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Wang Zhanpeng , Xu Zongxiang , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe in‐depth understanding of ions' generation and movement inside all‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (CsPbBr3 QDs), which may lead to a paradigm to break through the conventional von Neumann bottleneck, is strictly limited. Here, it is shown that formation and annihilation of metal conductive filaments and Br− ion vacancy filaments driven by an external electric field and light irradiation can lead to pronounced resistive‐switching effects. Verified by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy as well as energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis, the resistive switching behavior of CsPbBr3 QD‐based photonic resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) is initiated by the electrochemical metallization and valance change. By coupling CsPbBr3 QD‐based RRAM with a p‐channel transistor, the novel application of an RRAM–gate field‐effect transistor presenting analogous functions of flash memory is further demonstrated. These results may accelerate the technological deployment of all‐inorganic perovskite QD‐based photonic resistive memory for successful logic application.
Enhanced Performance of a Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging Agent by Encapsulation in Mesoporous Silicon Nanoparticles
Authors: Kang Jinyoung , Kim Dokyoung , Wang Junxin , Han Yunho , Zuidema Jonathan M. , Hariri Ali , Park Ji‐Ho , Jokerst Jesse V. , Sailor Michael J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) imaging allows visualization of the physiology and pathology of tissues with good spatial resolution and relatively deep tissue penetration. The method converts near‐infrared (NIR) laser excitation into thermal expansion, generating pressure transients that are detected with an acoustic transducer. Here, we find that the response of the PA contrast agent indocyanine green (ICG) can be enhanced 17‐fold when it is sealed within a rigid nanoparticle. ICG encapsulated in particles composed of porous silicon (pSiNP), porous silica, or calcium silicate all show greater PA contrast relative to equivalent quantities of free ICG, with the pSiNPs showing the strongest enhancement. A liposomal formulation of ICG performs similar to free ICG, suggesting that a rigid host nanostructure is necessary to enhance ICG performance. The improved response of the nanoparticle formulations is attributed to the low thermal conductivity of the porous inorganic hosts and their ability to protect the ICG payload from photolytic and/or thermal degradation. The translational potential of ICG‐loaded pSiNPs as photoacoustic probes is demonstrated via imaging of a whole mouse brain.
A Centimeter‐Scale Inorganic Nanoparticle Superlattice Monolayer with Non‐Close‐Packing and its High Performance in Memory Devices
Authors: Wang Ke , Ling Haifeng , Bao Yan , Yang Mengting , Yang Yi , Hussain Mubashir , Wang Huayang , Zhang Lianbin , Xie Linghai , Yi Mingdong , Huang Wei , Xie Xiaolin , Zhu Jintao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDue to the near‐field coupling effect, non‐close‐packed nanoparticle (NP) assemblies with tunable interparticle distance (d) attract great attention and show huge potential applications in various functional devices, e.g., organic nano‐floating‐gate memory (NFGM) devices. Unfortunately, the fabrication of device‐scale non‐close‐packed 2D NPs material still remains a challenge, limiting its practical applications. Here, a facile yet robust “rapid liquid–liquid interface assembly” strategy is reported to generate a non‐close‐packed AuNP superlattice monolayer (SM) on a centimeter scale for high‐performance pentacene‐based NFGM. The d and hence the surface plasmon resonance spectra of SM can be tailored by adjusting the molecular weight of tethered polymers. Precise control over the d value allows the successful fabrication of photosensitive NFGM devices with highly tunable performances from short‐term memory to nonvolatile data storage. The best performing nonvolatile memory device shows remarkable 8‐level (3‐bit) storage and a memory ratio over 105 even after 10 years compared with traditional devices with a AuNP amorphous monolayer. This work provides a new opportunity to obtain large area 2D NPs materials with non‐close‐packed structure, which is significantly meaningful to microelectronic, photovoltaics devices, and biochemical sensors.
Nanoparticle‐Enhanced Silver‐Nanowire Plasmonic Electrodes for High‐Performance Organic Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Kim Taehyo , Kang Saewon , Heo Jungwoo , Cho Seungse , Kim Jae Won , Choe Ayoung , Walker Bright , Shanker Ravi , Ko Hyunhyub , Kim Jin Young 
Published: May 2018

AbstractImproved performance in plasmonic organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) via strong plasmon‐coupling effects generated by aligned silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrodes decorated with core–shell silver–silica nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2NPs) is demonstrated. NP‐enhanced plasmonic AgNW (Ag@SiO2NP–AgNW) electrodes enable substantially enhanced radiative emission and light absorption efficiency due to strong hybridized plasmon coupling between localized surface plasmons (LSPs) and propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) modes, which leads to improved device performance in organic optoelectronic devices (OODs). The discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculation of the electric field verifies a strongly enhanced plasmon‐coupling effect caused by decorating core–shell Ag@SiO2NPs onto the AgNWs. Notably, an electroluminescence efficiency of 25.33 cd A−1 (at 3.2 V) and a power efficiency of 25.14 lm W−1 (3.0 V) in OLEDs, as well as a power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 9.19% in OSCs are achieved using hybrid Ag@SiO2NP–AgNW films. These are the highest values reported to date for optoelectronic devices based on AgNW electrodes. This work provides a new design platform to fabricate high‐performance OODs, which can be further explored in various plasmonic and optoelectronic devices.
Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a Copper(I) Coordination Strategy Employing a 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐Containing Wide‐Bandgap Copolymer Donor
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Li Zuojia , Bi Zhaozhao , Yu Ting , Ma Wei , Feng Kui , Li Ying , Peng Qiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA novel wide‐bandgap copolymer of PBDT‐ODZ based on benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′ ]dithiophene (BDT) and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole (ODZ) blocks is developed for efficient nonfullerene polymer solar cells (NF‐PSCs). PBDT‐ODZ exhibits a wide bandgap of 2.12 eV and a low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of −5.68 eV, which could match well with the low‐bandgap acceptor of 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone)‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylthienyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]‐dithiophene (ITIC‐Th), inducing a good complementary absorption from 300 to 800 nm and a minimal HOMO level offset (0.1 eV). The PBDT‐ODZ:ITIC‐Th devices exhibit a large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.08 eV and a low energy loss (Eloss) of 0.50 eV, delivering a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.12%. By adding a small amount of copper(I) iodide (CuI) as an additive to form coordination complexes in the active blends, much higher device performances are achieved due to the improved absorption and crystallinity. After incorporating 4% of CuI, the PCE is elevated to 12.34%, with a Voc of 1.06 V, a Jsc of 17.1 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 68.1%. This work not only provides a novel oxadiazole‐containing wide‐bandgap polymeric donor candidate for high‐performance NF‐PSCs but also presents an efficient morphology‐optimization approach to elevate the PCE of NF‐PSCs for future practical applications.
MoS2 Negative‐Capacitance Field‐Effect Transistors with Subthreshold Swing below the Physics Limit
Authors: Liu Xingqiang , Liang Renrong , Gao Guoyun , Pan Caofeng , Jiang Chunsheng , Xu Qian , Luo Jun , Zou Xuming , Yang Zhenyu , Liao Lei , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Boltzmann distribution of electrons induced fundamental barrier prevents subthreshold swing (SS) from less than 60 mV dec‐1 at room temperature, leading to high energy consumption of MOSFETs. Herein, it is demonstrated that an aggressive introduction of the negative capacitance (NC) effect of ferroelectrics can decisively break the fundamental limit governed by the “Boltzmann tyranny”. Such MoS2 negative‐capacitance field‐effect transistors (NC‐FETs) with self‐aligned top‐gated geometry demonstrated here pull down the SS value to 42.5 mV dec‐1, and simultaneously achieve superior performance of a transconductance of 45.5 μS μm and an on/off ratio of 4 × 106 with channel length less than 100 nm. Furthermore, the inserted HfO2 layer not only realizes a stable NC gate stack structure, but also prevents the ferroelectric P(VDF‐TrFE) from fatigue with robust stability. Notably, the fabricated MoS2 NC‐FETs are distinctly different from traditional MOSFETs. The on‐state current increases as the temperature decreases even down to 20 K, and the SS values exhibit nonlinear dependence with temperature due to the implementation of the ferroelectric gate stack. The NC‐FETs enable fundamental applications through overcoming the Boltzmann limit in nanoelectronics and open up an avenue to low‐power transistors needed for many exciting long‐endurance portable consumer products.
Rechargeable Al–CO2 Batteries for Reversible Utilization of CO2
Authors: Ma Wenqing , Liu Xizheng , Li Chao , Yin Huiming , Xi Wei , Liu Ruirui , He Guang , Zhao Xian , Luo Jun , Ding Yi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe excessive emission of CO2 and the energy crisis are two major issues facing humanity. Thus, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and its utilization in metal–CO2 batteries have attracted wide attention because the batteries can simultaneously accelerate CO2 fixation/utilization and energy storage/release. Here, rechargeable Al–CO2 batteries are proposed and realized, which use chemically stable Al as the anode. The batteries display small discharge/charge voltage gaps down to 0.091 V and high energy efficiencies up to 87.7%, indicating an efficient battery performance. Their chemical reaction mechanism to produce the performance is revealed to be 4Al + 9CO2 ↔ 2Al2(CO3)3 + 3C, by which CO2 is reversibly utilized. These batteries are envisaged to effectively and safely serve as a potential CO2 fixation/utilization strategy with stable Al.
Ultrathin Transition Metal Dichalcogenide/3d Metal Hydroxide Hybridized Nanosheets to Enhance Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Zhu Zhengju , Yin Huajie , He Chun‐Ting , Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Liu Porun , Jiang Lixue , Zhao Yong , Wang Yun , Yang Hua‐Gui , Tang Zhiyong , Wang Dan , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Zhao Huijun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe vast majority of the reported hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts perform poorly under alkaline conditions due to the sluggish water dissociation kinetics. Herein, a hybridization catalyst construction concept is presented to dramatically enhance the alkaline HER activities of catalysts based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (MoS2 and WS2). A series of ultrathin 2D‐hybrids are synthesized via facile controllable growth of 3d metal (Ni, Co, Fe, Mn) hydroxides on the monolayer 2D‐TMD nanosheets. The resultant Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 hybridized ultrathin MoS2 and WS2 nanosheet catalysts exhibit significantly enhanced alkaline HER activity and stability compared to their bare counterparts. The 2D‐MoS2/Co(OH)2 hybrid achieves an extremely low overpotential of ≈128 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. The combined theoretical and experimental studies confirm that the formation of the heterostructured boundaries by suitable hybridization of the TMD and 3d metal hydroxides is responsible for the improved alkaline HER activities because of the enhanced water dissociation step and lowers the corresponding kinetic energy barrier by the hybridized 3d metal hydroxides.