bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socket healing with and without immediate implant placement
Authors: Araújo Mauricio G. , Silva Cleverson O. , Souza Andrė B. , Sukekava Flavia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present review was to describe the studies produced in Latin America that contributed to the elucidation of the effect of tooth extraction with and without immediate implant installation. An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs, and Embase to include clinical and experimental (animal) studies on immediate implants. The studies selected had to fulfill the following inclusion criteria: (i) to present clinical and/or histological data on socket healing with or without immediate implant installation; (ii) to be approved by a Latin American Ethic Committee or comparable; and (iii) to include at least one author from a Latin American institution or to be conducted in a Latin America institution. Latin American studies that fulfilled these criteria demonstrated that immediate implant installation was conducive for predictable osseointegration and high survival rates but failed to prevent bone modeling and dimensional reduction of the alveolar ridge. In addition, it was also shown that regenerative approaches, including hard and soft tissue grafts at the time of immediate implant placement, may be beneficial to compensate for the alveolar ridge reduction. Regenerative approaches immediately after tooth extraction may decrease the amount of dimension reduction of the alveolar ridge.
Cold acclimation of SnRK2.2 kinases mutant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Unal Dilek , Cekic Fazilet Ozlem 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARYIn Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, plant‐specific serine/threonine kinases (SnRK2 kinases) play a central role in sulfur metabolism. However, their role in environmental stress has not been clearly understood. Cold stress is one of the most important factors that limit the growth, productivity, and development of photosynthetic organisms. In this report, the effect of cold stress on some physiological parameters were investigated in SnRK2.2 mutant and wild type C. reinhardtii culture. Our results showed that cold stress had significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation rate in wild type, while no significant change was observed in SnRK2.2 mutant culture. Our data also indicated a decline in Rubisco protein amount of wild type culture under low temperature exposure. Low temperature reduced glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the wild type, while GR activity was enhanced in SnRK2.2 mutant. This result indicated the potential of SnRK2 kinase in cold acclimation process.
Discrete effect of each mild behavioural impairment category on dementia conversion or cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Yokoi Yuma , Takano Harumasa , Sakata Masuhiro , Maruo Kazushi , Nakagome Kazuyuki , Matsuda Hiroshi 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have been recognized as risk factors for conversion to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Early detection of NPS may allow for possible interventions in such patients. The present study used mild behavioural impairment to explore the role of NPS in a wide range of patients, from those who are cognitively intact to those with dementia.MethodsA total of 234 patients with mild cognitive impairment were followed up for up to 3 years in a Japanese cohort study. Longitudinal data from patients who developed dementia during the study and those who did not were statistically analyzed.ResultsCox regression analysis revealed that only abnormal perception and thought was significant in terms of dementia conversion. Moreover, mixed‐effects models indicated that baseline mild behavioural impairment symptoms did not affect cognitive trajectories such as changes in Mini‐Mental State Examination or Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐cognitive subscale scores.ConclusionWe conclude that only abnormal perception and thought content were risk factors for dementia and that NPS may not lead to deterioration of cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
Communicating with the Public About Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attacks: Results from a Survey Experiment on Factors Influencing Intention to “Run, Hide, Tell” in the United Kingdom and Denmark
Authors: Pearce Julia M. , Lindekilde Lasse , Parker David , Rogers M. Brooke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEffective risk communication is an integral part of responding to terrorism, but until recently, there has been very little pre‐event communication in a European context to provide advice to the public on how to protect themselves during an attack. Following terrorist attacks involving mass shootings in Paris, France, in November 2015, the U.K. National Police Chiefs’ Council released a Stay Safe film and leaflet that advises the public to “run,” “hide,” and “tell” in the event of a firearms or weapons attack. However, other countries, including Denmark, do not provide preparedness information of this kind, in large part because of concern about scaring the public. In this survey experiment, 3,003 U.K. and Danish participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: no information, a leaflet intervention, and a film intervention to examine the impact of “Run, Hide, Tell” advice on perceptions about terrorism, the security services, and intended responses to a hypothetical terrorist firearms attack. Results demonstrate important benefits of pre‐event communication in relation to enhancing trust, encouraging protective health behaviors, and discouraging potentially dangerous actions. However, these findings also suggest that future communications should address perceived response costs and target specific problem behaviors. Cross‐national similarities in response suggest this advice is suitable for adaptation in other countries.
Decision making for the initiation and termination of dialysis in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Latcha Sheron 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAge is a risk factor for both cancer and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Newer cancer treatments are allowing patients to live longer with their cancer, the renal toxicity from the cancer itself or from the therapies that was used to treat the malignancy. Consequently, nephrologists will increasingly be asked to evaluate and counsel patients with ESRD and advanced cancer regarding the initiation of dialysis. Data on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life (QOL) outcomes in this population are sparse. Expectations regarding what dialysis can reasonably accomplish in this cohort can be unrealistically high among patients, their family members and the rest of the health care team. This article will discuss some results from the available studies on mortality and QOL outcomes in this cohort and advise the nephrologist about how to approach these challenging discussions.
Hepatic serum amyloid A1 upregulates interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) in γδ T cells through Toll‐like receptor 2 and is associated with psoriatic symptoms in transgenic mice
Authors: Choi Minjee , Kim Myoung Ok , Lee Jinhee , Jeong Jain , Sung Yonghun , Park Song , Kwon Wookbong , Jang Soyoung , Park Si Jun , Kim Hyeng‐Soo , Jang Woo Young , Kim Sung Hyun , Lee Sanggyu , Choi Seong‐Kyoon , Ryoo Zae Young 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSerum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein with pro‐inflammatory cytokine‐like properties. Recent studies have revealed that SAA promoted interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) production by various cells, including γδ T cells. γδ T cells are innate immune cells and express Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) on their surface, which is one of the SAA receptors. In this study, we investigated the relationship between γδ T cells and SAA1 through TLR2, by using hepatic SAA1‐overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice. By injecting CU‐CPT22, which is a TLR2 inhibitor, into the mice, we confirmed that SAA1 induced IL‐17 in γδ T cells through TLR2. In vitro studies have confirmed that SAA1 increased IL‐17 secretion in γδ T cells in combination with IL‐23. We also observed a thickened epidermis layer and granulocyte penetration into the skin similar to the pathology of psoriasis in TG mice. In addition, strongly expressed SAA1 and penetration of γδ T cells in the skin of TG mice were detected. The exacerbation of psoriasis is associated with an increase in IL‐17 levels. Therefore, these symptoms were induced by IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells increased by SAA1. Our study confirmed that SAA1 was a prominent protein that increased IL‐17 levels through TLR2 in γδ T cells, confirming the possibility that SAA1 may exacerbate inflammatory diseases through γδ T cells.
Self‐regulatory skills: Are they helpful in the prevention of overuse injuries in talented tennis players?
Authors: van der Sluis Alien , Brink Michel S. , Pluim Babette M. , Verhagen Evert A.L.M , Elferink‐Gemser Marije T. , Visscher Chris 
Published: March 2019

Talented athletes use metacognitive skills to improve their performance. Also, it is known that these skills are important for managing one's health. The goal of this study was to identify the relationship between metacognitive skills and overuse injuries in talented tennis players. Metacognitive skills were measured in 73 talented tennis players (45 boys and 28 girls, age 11‐14) at the start of the season, using the Self‐Regulation of Learning Self‐Report Scale. Overuse injuries were monitored for one season using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems. Ordinal regression indicated that moderate or low selfmonitoring skills (compared to high selfmonitoring) (OR 4.555, CI 1.096‐18.927, P = 0.037) and exposure time (OR 1.380, CI 1.106‐1.721, P = 0.004) were associated with more time loss overuse injuries. A second analysis showed that this was the case in girls (OR 10.757, CI 1.845‐62.714, P = 0.008), but not in boys. Linear regression revealed that higher reflection scores and exposure time predicted overuse severity (F(5,58) = 2.921, P = 0.020, R2 = 0.201). Possibly, selfmonitoring can help players to prevent themselves from time loss overuse injuries. Coaches should be aware that players can differ in selfmonitoring ability and thus in the ability to prevent overuse injuries. The role of reflection needs more research.
Successful ceftazidime‐avibactam treatment of post‐surgery Burkholderia multivorans genomovar II bacteremia and brain abscesses in a young lung transplanted woman with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Daccò Valeria , Claut Laura , Piconi Stefania , Castellazzi Luca , Garbarino Francesca , Teri Antonio , Colombo Carla 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBurkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) includes several phenotypically similar but genotypically distinct gram‐negative bacteria (GNB) that can colonize the respiratory tract of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. Pathogens are difficult to treat due to intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics and are associated to a more rapid decline in lung function and to increased mortality, particularly after lung transplantation. For all these reasons, chronic infection by Burkholderia (B) cenocepacia is presently considered a relative or absolute contraindication in almost all lung transplant centres. We report the case of a young adult CF patient chronically colonized by B multivorans genomovar II, with diabetes and end‐stage renal disease treated with renal replacement therapy: a few months after lung transplantation, she developed post‐surgery B multivorans bacteremia and multiple brain abscesses. This severe infection did not improve despite multiple standard antibiotic regimen. The introduction of ceftazidime‐avibactam, a new β‐lactam/ β‐lactamase inhibitor combination resulted in clinical recovery and in radiological and biochemical improvement.
The
Effect of Aspect Ratio on Compressor
Performance
Authors: To Ho-On , Miller Robert
J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The optimum aspect ratio at which maximum efficiency occurs is relatively low, typically between 1 and 1.5. At these aspect ratios, inaccuracies inherently exist in the decomposition of the flow field into freestream and endwall components due to the absence of a discernible freestream. In this paper, a unique approach is taken: a “linear repeating stage” concept is used in conjunction with a novel way of defining the freestream flow. Through this approach, physically accurate decomposition of the flow field for aspect ratios as low as ∼0.5 can be achieved. This ability to accurately decompose the flow leads to several key findings. First, the endwall flow is found to be dependent on static pressure rise coefficient and endwall geometry, but independent of the aspect ratio. Second, the commonly accepted relationship that endwall loss coefficient varies inversely with the aspect ratio is shown to be physically inaccurate. Instead, a new term, which the authors refer to as the “effective aspect ratio,” should replace the term “aspect ratio.” Moreover, not doing so can result in efficiency errors of ∼0.6% at low aspect ratios. Finally, there exists a low aspect ratio limit below which the two endwall flows interact causing a large separation to occur along the span. From these findings, a low-order model is developed to model the effect of varying aspect ratio on compressor performance. The last section of the paper uses this low-order model and a simple analytical model to show that to a first order, the optimum aspect ratio is just a function of the loss generated by the endwalls at zero clearance and the rate of change in profile loss due to blade thickness. This means that once the endwall configuration has been selected, i.e., cantilever or shroud, the blade thickness sets the optimum aspect ratio.
The safety of morphine use in acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ghadban Rugheed , Enezate Tariq , Payne Joshua , Allaham Haytham , Halawa Ahmad , Fong Hee Kong , Abdullah Obai , Aggarwal Kul 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundMorphine is widely used for pain control in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Several studies have questioned the safety of morphine in this setting with a concern of interaction with and reduced efficacy of antiplatelet agents.ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review the safety of morphine use in ACS.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were queried from inception through April 2018. Studies comparing morphine to nonmorphine use in ACS were included. Study endpoints included: in-hospital myocardial infarction (MI), all-cause mortality, stroke, major bleeding, minor bleeding and dyspnoea.ResultsA total of 64 323 patients with ACS were included from eight studies, seven of which were observational studies and one was a randomised controlled trial. The use of morphine was associated with increased risk of in-hospital recurrent MI (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.43, p < 0.00001). There was, however, no significant difference in terms of all-cause mortality (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.22, p = 0.44), stroke (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.66, p = 0.57), major bleeding (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.00, p = 0.05), minor bleeding (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.41 to 2.34, p = 0.97), or dyspnoea (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.83, p = 0.33).ConclusionThe use of morphine for pain control in ACS was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital recurrent MI. Randomised clinical trials are needed to further investigate the safety of morphine in ACS.
Coding the Everyday Discrimination Scale: implications for exposure assessment and associations with hypertension and depression among a cross section of mid-life African American women
Authors: Michaels Eli , Thomas Marilyn , Reeves Alexis , Price Melisa , Hasson Rebecca , Chae David , Allen Amani 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundStudies suggest that racial discrimination impacts health via biological dysregulation due to continual adaptation to chronic psychosocial stress. Therefore, quantifying chronicity is critical for operationalising the relevant aetiological exposure and hence maximising internal validity. Using one of the most common discrimination scales in the epidemiological literature, we develop a novel approach for more accurately assessing chronicity and compare it with conventional approaches to determine whether coding influences differential exposure classification and associations with hypertension and depression among African American women.MethodsData are from a socioeconomically diverse cross section of 208 mid-life African American women in Northern California (data collection: 2012–2013). Racial discrimination was assessed using the Everyday Discrimination Scale (α=0.95), and was coded using two conventional approaches: (1)situation-based coding: number of different situations ever experienced; (2)frequency-based coding: sum of Likert scale responses ranging from 'never' to 'almost everyday'; and (3) a newchronicity-based codingapproach: sum of responses, weighted to capture annual chronicity (eg, ‘a few times a month’=3×12=36×/year). Outcomes are hypertension and depressive symptomatology (10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale).FindingsExposure classification differed by coding approach, by up to 41%. There was a positive association between racial discrimination and hypertension prevalence for chronicity coding only (prevalence ratio=1.61, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.49). For depressive symptoms, a dose–response relationship of similar magnitude was observed for all three coding approaches.ConclusionScale coding is an important methodological consideration for valid exposure assessment in epidemiological research. Coding can impact exposure classification and associations with important indicators of African American women’s mental and physical health.
It is safe to use transdermal glyceryl trinitrate to lower blood pressure in patients with acute ischaemic stroke with carotid stenosis
Authors: Appleton Jason P , Woodhouse Lisa J , Belcher Andrew , Bereczki Daniel , Berge Eivind , Caso Valeria , Chang Hui Meng , Christensen Hanne K , Collins Ronan , Gommans John , Laska Ann C , Ntaios George , Ozturk Serefnur , Sare Gillian M , Szatmari Szabolcs , Wang Yongjun , Wardlaw Joanna M , Sprigg Nikola , Bath Philip M 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThere is concern that blood pressure (BP) lowering in acute stroke may compromise cerebral perfusion and worsen outcome in the presence of carotid stenosis. We assessed the effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in patients with carotid stenosis using data from the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) Trial.MethodsENOS randomised 4011 patients with acute stroke and raised systolic BP (140–220 mm Hg) to transdermal GTN or no GTN within 48 hours of onset. Those on prestroke antihypertensives were also randomised to stop or continue their medication for 7 days. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at day 90. Ipsilateral carotid stenosis was split: <30%; 30–<50%; 50–<70%; ≥70%. Data are ORs with 95% CIs adjusted for baseline prognostic factors.Results2023 (60.5%) ischaemic stroke participants had carotid imaging. As compared with <30%, ≥70% ipsilateral stenosis was associated with an unfavourable shift in mRS (worse outcome) at 90 days (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.44 to 2.44, p<0.001). Those with ≥70% stenosis who received GTN versus no GTN had a favourable shift in mRS (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.93, p=0.024). In those with 50–<70% stenosis, continuing versus stopping prestroke antihypertensives was associated with worse disability, mood, quality of life and cognition at 90 days. Clinical outcomes did not differ across bilateral stenosis groups.ConclusionsFollowing ischaemic stroke, severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis is associated with worse functional outcome at 90 days. GTN appears safe in ipsilateral or bilateral carotid stenosis, and might improve outcome in severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis.
Optimization of neon soft X-ray yield in a low-energy dense plasma focus device
Authors: Malek M. A. , Islam M. K. , Akel M. , Salahuddin M. , Saw S. H. , Lee S. 
Published: March 2019

The modified version of Lee model code is used in numerical experiments for characterizing and optimizing neon soft X-ray yield ([Formula: see text]) of the United Nations University/International Center for Theoretical Physics Plasma Focus Facility (UNU/ICTP PFF) device operated at 14 kV and 30 [Formula: see text]. In our present work, the neon yield [Formula: see text] is improved with an optimized UNU/ICTP PFF device by computing the optimum combination of static inductance ([Formula: see text]), anode length ([Formula: see text]), anode radius ([Formula: see text]) and cathode radius ([Formula: see text]), keeping fixed their ratio ([Formula: see text]) at 3.368, through a lot of numerical experiments at six operating pressures ([Formula: see text]). At lower [Formula: see text] (e.g. 2.0, 2.5 and 3.3 Torr), the optimum [Formula: see text] value, together with the corresponding optimum combination of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], is found to be 15 nH, whereas at higher [Formula: see text] (e.g. 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 Torr), it is obtained as 10 nH. Though the computed maximum neon yield [Formula: see text] (57.2 J with the corresponding efficiency of 1.94%) is found at [Formula: see text], assuming an achievable range of incorporating low-inductance technology, the best optimum combination of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is found to be at [Formula: see text], resulting in the computed optimum neon yield [Formula: see text] of 54.60 J with a corresponding efficiency of 1.9%. This computed neon yield [Formula: see text] is about 11 times higher than the measured value [Formula: see text] at optimum [Formula: see text] of UNU/ICTP PFF. It is also observed that our computed neon yield [Formula: see text] is improved by around six times from the previously computed value, which was 9.5 J at the optimum [Formula: see text] Torr for optimum anode configuration of this machine. In addition, neon yield [Formula: see text] is obtained with our optimized combination of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at 11.5 kV and compared with the measured neon yield [Formula: see text] of the NX2 machine.