bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of ferric carboxymaltose to treat iron deficiency anemia in cancer patients.
Authors: Aktas Burak Yasin , Kayku Vildan Eda , Aslan Alma , Kertmen Neyran , Dizdar Omer , Yalçin Şuayib , Aksoy Sercan 
Published: May 2019

e23153 Background: Most cancer patients are faced with anemia during the disease course. Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the major causes of anemia in cancer patients.Bleeding, malabsorption and organ dysfunction may cause iron deficiency in cancer patients. Anemia may result in a decrease in the patient's performance and delayed chemotherapy. Administration of intravenous (IV) iron is a therapeutic option in cancer patients with iron-deficiency related anemia. In this study we analyzed effectiveness and tolerability of ferric carboxymaltose in cancer patients with iron deficiency anemia Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 603 cancer patients who were treated with ferric carboxymaltose for anemia and iron-deficiency between October 2014 and April 2017 in a tertiary cancer clinic. Demographic data, cancer diagnoses, pre- and post-treatment hemoglobin levels, pre-treatment ferritin, serum iron, and transferrin saturation (TSA) levels were recorded. Results: The median age of the population was 55 (22-90) years, and 52% were male. Of 603 patients, 47.9% (n = 289) had gastrointestinal malignancies and 17% (n = 103) had breast cancer. A total of 331 patients (55%) received cytotoxic chemotherapy and 272 patients (45%) were not on anti-cancer treatment. Median dose of the ferric carboxymaltose is 1000 mg (500-2000). The median baseline hemoglobin, ferritin and TSA were 10.7 (7-13) g/dl, 28 (2.9-2200) ng/ml and 9.3 (1-19) %, respectively. The median hemoglobin level at the 12th week of treatment was 12.7 g/dl. The median increase in hemoglobin was 2.9 (-0.10-6.9) g/dl in patients whom received cytotoxic chemotherapy. Only 2 patients had allergic reaction during IV ferric carboxymaltose administration and treatment was discontinued. Conclusions: Intravenous-iron improved hemoglobin levels both in actively treated and not-actively treated cancer patients. The effect has been shown in the first 3 months after injection. This approach is safe and tolerable. However, the impact of tumor progression on IV iron replacement is unclear, further studies are required.
Implementation of complex perioperative intervention in older patients with cancer (IMPROVED program).
Authors: Paillaud Elena , Peschaud Frederique , Cudennec Tristan , Caillet Philippe , Gisselbrecht Mathilde , De Decker Laure , De Angelis Nicola , Cattan Pierre , Plaud Benoit , Tournigand Christophe , Aparicio Thomas , Touzet Sandrine , Moszkowicz David , Laurent Marie , Canoui-Poitrine Florence , Brain Etienne 
Published: May 2019

TPS11630 Background: Nearly 50% of patients are older than 70 years at diagnosis of digestive cancer. Surgical resection is the first line strategy of treatment. Despite improvement in surgical techniques and development of rehabilitation programs, the rate of postoperative complications remains high. Peri-operative involvement of geriatricians may improve care management older cancer patients. Methods: During a 6 months run-up period (emerging project), we structured a multi-professional network (digestive surgeons, anesthetists, geriatricians, digestive oncologists, epidemiologists), we elaborated a innovative peri-operative geriatric intervention (Improved program) in digestive surgery setting based on evidence-based data. We build a dedicated evaluation plan by determinate the best design for assessing geriatric intervention in this complex context and choose the more appropriate endpoints. Results: We will include 554 patients aged 75 or more with resectable digestive cancer in a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial. The intervention is based on 1/ a preoperative geriatric assessment, focusing on frailty parameters and developing a coordinated program of tailored geriatric interventions 2/ a postoperative shared care with an integrated care model where both surgeon and geriatrician share responsibility for the patient management in surgical ward. This geriatric postoperative management will be focus on prevention and correction of complications, early mobilization, optimal nutritional support. The main endpoint Is is Grade II or higher post-surgical complications rate according Clavien-Dindo classification within 30 days after the surgical procedure. Conclusion: We expected to demonstrate a benefit of a peri-operative shared management model to decrease the risk of post-surgical complications In older patients with digestive cancer.
A randomized trial of a healthy lifestyle intervention versus usual care on chemotherapy and endocrine therapy adherence rate in women with breast cancer: The Lifestyle Exercise and Nutrition Early After Diagnosis (LEANER) Study.
Authors: Sanft Tara B. , Harrigan Maura , Cartmel Brenda , Ferrucci Leah M. , Basen-Engquist Karen , Hershman Dawn L. , Ligibel Jennifer A. , Neuhouser Marian , Chagpar Anees B. , Jones Beth A. , Knobf M. Tish , Silber Andrea , Li Fangyong , Irwin Melinda L. 
Published: May 2019

TPS11633 Background: The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Cancer Society provide diet and exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. Many women with breast cancer do not follow these guidelines. Adoption of recommended lifestyle behaviors soon after diagnosis may prevent adverse changes in body composition, breast cancer biomarkers, and may improve adherence to treatment thereby improving breast cancer prognosis. The Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition Early after Diagnosis (LEANER) study is testing the impact of a healthy lifestyle intervention on chemotherapy completion and endocrine therapy adherence. Secondary endpoints include changes in inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers, body composition, and patient reported outcomes. Methods: Eligible participants are women with stage I-III breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. 250 participants are being recruited and randomized 1:1 to a yearlong, 16 session, healthy diet and exercise counseling intervention or usual care group. The intervention is delivered in person and/or via telephone by registered dietitians with training in exercise science. Materials include workbooks, videos, cookbooks, fit bits, and home-based exercise equipment. Intervention is focused on graduated goal setting to meet the recommended diet and exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. The primary endpoint, chemotherapy completion rate, is gathered from the Electronic Medical Record and the average Relative Dose Intensity for the originally planned regimen is calculated based on standard formulas. Assessments are completed at baseline, post chemotherapy, 1- and 2- year time points (to assess adherence to endocrine therapy). Body composition is measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood samples and patient reported outcomes are collected. At time of submission, 39 women have been randomized. Discussion: If successful, this study has the potential to make healthy lifestyle interventions initiated shortly after diagnosis a standard component of breast cancer treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT03314688.
Impact of a regular exercise program on amount of exercise and QOL metrics in patients on immune therapy.
Authors: Quenelle Nicole Brenna , Bollin Kathryn Blount 
Published: May 2019

TPS11636 Background: Studies show physical activity has a positive impact on fatigue and quality of life both during cancer treatment with chemotherapy and radiation and post-treatment (1, 2). There may also be a survival benefit to increasing physical activity both during and after treatment (3). To date there is no published research on the role of exercise in ameliorating the fatigue patients can experience during treatment with immune therapy. Our study proposes to use the existing framework of the LIVESTRONG at the YMCA program to objectively measure improvement in activity level and objective quality of life measurements. Methods: Randomized controlled prospective study evaluating patient participation in LIVESTRONG at YMCA program during active cancer treatment to assess change in minutes per week of self-reported physical activity over 12 weeks. Assessments will be done based on attendance of 12 week program, activity log, functional assessments of physical activity pre- and post- program (6 min walk test, % change in weight, % change in max weight lifted and flexibility), and questionnaires evaluating fatigue (PROMIS 13a FACIT-F), pain (PROMIS pain intensity scale, ASCQ-Me short form), quality of life (FACT-G), Godin Leisure Time Activity Questionnaire, and inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP). Data will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat analysis. A sample size of 100 participants per group will achieve 80% power to detect a 60 minute difference with a standard deviation of 150 minutes 1 and with a significance level (alpha) of 0.050 using a two-sided two-sample t-test. Enrollment is targeted at 108 participants per arm to allow for 8% attrition, 216 total. Secondary endpoints will be assessed at a baseline functional assessment session for all participants and a follow up session after 12 weeks, including administration of questionnaires at both sessions. For physical activity measurements and survey completions, percent change in baseline and completion measurements will be calculated for each patient, then comparison using a chi-square test will be done to determine statistical significance.(Tomlinson et al. Effect of exercise on cancer-related fatigue: a meta-analysis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;93:675-686; Irwin et al. Effect of the LIVESTRONG at the YMCA Exercise Program on Physical Activity, Fitness, Quality of Life, and Fatigue in Cancer Survivors. 2016 (published online October 28, 2016); Li T et al. The dose–response effect of physical activity on cancer mortality: findings from 71 prospective cohort studies . Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:339-345).
The CANOPY program: Canakinumab in patients (pts) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Paz-Ares Luis G. , Garon Edward B. , Ardizzoni Andrea , Barlesi Fabrice , Cho Byoung Chul , Castro Gilberto , De Marchi Pedro , Felip Enriqueta , Goto Yasushi , Greystoke Alastair , Lu Shun , Lim Darren Wan Teck , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki , Reck Martin , Solomon Benjamin J. , Spigel David R. , Tan Daniel Shao-Weng , Thomas Michael , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Johnson Bruce E. 
Published: May 2019

TPS9124 Background: Inflammatory pathways can be pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic. The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) can promote the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment leading to a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment that promotes carcinogenesis, tumor invasiveness, and immunosuppression. Canakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes IL-1β. Previous clinical data (CANTOS study) has shown that canakinumab could significantly reduce lung cancer incidence and mortality. This data along with the preclinical results that IL-1β does support tumorigenic inflammation provide the rationale to investigate the therapeutic role of canakinumab in lung cancer. Methods: Three Phase 3 trials have been designed in parallel to evaluate canakinumab in NSCLC (Table). Clinical trial information: NCT03447769, NCT03631199, NCT03626545. [Table: see text]
Chemotherapy in KRAS-mutated chemotherapy naive non-small cell lung cancer patients: A phase III comparing cisplatin-pemetrexed with carboplatin-paclitaxel-bevacizumab: NVALT 22 (NCT02743923).
Authors: Dingemans Anne-Marie C. , Smit Egbert F. , De Langen Joop , van Tinteren Harm ,   NVALT ONCOLOGY
Published: May 2019

TPS9127 Background: In a retrospective analysis of KRAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients response and progression free survival (PFS) to first line chemotherapy was better for carboplatin-paclitaxel-bevacizumab then other first line combinations (Mellema Lung Cancer, 2015:90:249-54). Methods: Trial Design: Multi-center open label randomized phase III study. After stratification for KRAS mutation (G12V versus G12C versus other), performance status (0-1 vs. 2) and brain metastasis (yes of no) patients will be 1:1 randomized to carboplatin-paclitaxel-bevacizumab or cisplatin-pemetrexed q3wks for up to six cycles. Continuation maintenance with bevacizumab and pemetrexed is allowed until progression. Study population: histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IIIB or stage IV KRAS mutated NSCLC patients who are eligible for platinum-based chemotherapy and are chemotherapy naïve. Previous anti-PD(L1) therapy for advanced disease is allowed (amendment 25.1.2018). Response will be assessed according to RECIST 1.1, CT scans will be made every 6 weeks until progression. Blood and archival tissue will be optionally collected for translational research. This may help to identify subgroups of patients who are likely better treated with a specific treatment regimen. Statistical analysis: The trial was designed to demonstrate superiority of the carboplatin-paclitaxel-bevacizumab treatment over cisplatin-pemetrexed with an assumed hazard ratio of 0.67. In total 201 events are required for the final analysis, corresponding to a total sample size of 240 patients to be accrued. There is a single interim analysis planned after 101 events have been observed. Primary endpoint: PFS defined by the response criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) and assessed by independent review. Secondary endpoints: Overall response rate, Overall Survival, outcome according to type of KRAS mutation, response assessed by CRABB criteria. Study progress: Currently 25 sites are open across the Netherlands and 170 of the 240 required patients are randomized (February 12, 2019). Clinical trial information: NCT02743923.
Hypoglycemia After Gastric Bypass Successfully Treated With Calcium Channel Blockers: Two Case Reports
Authors: Ames Angharad , Lago-Hernandez Carlos A , Grunvald Eduardo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is an uncommon yet well-established complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) that can result in serious morbidity and adversely affect quality of life. It is often unrecognized and may be difficult to diagnose. Management is challenging. As the number of bariatric procedures increases in parallel with the obesity epidemic, clinicians will be tasked to offer effective medical therapies for this complication. Two patients presented several years after RYGB with severe postprandial hypoglycemia. In one of the patients, we were able to document simultaneous postprandial hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Conventional treatment approaches, including medical nutrition therapy, acarbose, diazoxide, and octreotide, were either ineffective or limited by poor tolerance. Nifedipine and verapamil were used adjunctively with dietary modification, resulting in resolution of symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes. These agents are therapeutic options that can be used for some patients refractory to more traditional treatments. They should be tried before surgical procedures are considered for affected patients. These two cases demonstrate that calcium channel blockers may be efficacious and appropriate for select patients refractory to dietary interventions alone.
Health and saliva microbiomes of a semi-urbanized indigenous tribe in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Yeo Li-Fang , Aghakhanian Farhang F. , Tan James S. Y. , Gan Han Ming , Phipps Maude E. 
Published: May 2019

Background: The indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia, also known as Orang Asli, have gradually been urbanized. A shift towards non-communicable diseases commonly associated with sedentary lifestyles have been reported in many tribes. This study engaged with a semi-urbanized Temiar tribe from Kampong Pos Piah, Perak, who are experiencing an epidemiological transition. Methods: Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, HbA1C and lipid levels were measured as indicators of cardio-metabolic health. DNA was extracted from saliva using salting-out method followed by PCR amplification of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequencing on Illumina MiSeq. Microbiome analysis was conducted on Qiime v1.9. Statistical analysis was conducted using Qiime v1.9 and R. Results: The study revealed that 60.4% of the Temiar community were overweight/obese, with a higher prevalence among women. HbA1C levels showed that 45% of Temiar had pre-diabetes. Insulin resistance was identified in 21% of Temiar by using a surrogate marker, TG/HDL. In total, 56.5% of Temiar were pre-hypertensive, and the condition was prevalent across all age-groups. The saliva microbiome profiles of Temiar revealed significant differences by gender, BMI, abdominal obesity as well as smoking status. The relative abundance of the genus Bifidobacterium was increased in men whereas the genera Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, Neisseria and Streptococcus were increased in women. Proteobacteria was significantly depleted in smokers. Conclusions: Temiar from Pos Piah had a high prevalence of cardio-metabolic risks, including general and abdominal obesity, pre-diabetes, prehypertension and hypertension. This phenomenon has not been previously reported in this tribe. The saliva microbiome profiles were significantly different for individuals of different gender, BMI, abdominal obesity and smoking status.
Introduction of subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate through use of community-based distributors in Zambia
Authors: Phiri John , Smith Gina M. , Tembo Felix , Silungwe Gertrude , Mwape Doris Ngosa , Katyetye George , Munthali Loyce , Mutombo Namuunda , Mwale Mwanjinga , Manda Handson , Nqumayo Masauso , Soerensen Elise , Chintu Namwinga 
Published: May 2019

Background: The majority of women in Sub-Saharan countries including Zambia use intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA IM) as their preferred method of contraception. However, nearly one-third of the women who start on DMPA IM discontinue within 12 months due to access barriers. Sayana® Press, low-dose, prefilled subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC), suitable for even lower-level healthcare providers and potential for self-injection administration, has been developed. This pilot aimed to understand the feasibility of DMPA-SC in Zambia through use of community-based distributors (CBDs). Methods: The pilot was implemented from May 2017 to July 2017 in 29 public health facilities in three districts. A total of 161 CBDs received a comprehensive training in DMPA-SC, which included counselling about the method, potential side effects, correct administration and waste management. Post-training mentorship and supervision was conducted. Routine client level data was collected through Ministry of Health management information system. Results: During the pilot, 12,818 clients were provided with modern voluntary FP methods, with 16.4% (2,100) opting for DMPA-SC. The age range of clients opting for DMPA-SC was between 15 and 50 years, with an average of 31 years. Slightly less than half (43%) of DMPA-SC clients were adolescents and young women, with 11% aged 15–19 and 32% aged 20–24. No adverse events were reported during or immediately subsequent to the introduction of DMPA-SC administration by CBDs. Conclusion: The pilot demonstrated that CBDs can safely provide DMPA-SC at the community level with appropriate public sector coordination and oversight.
“On Vivo” and Wearable Clinical Laboratory Testing Devices for Emergency and Critical Care Laboratory Testing
Authors: Wu Alan H B 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices are designed for clinical laboratory testing at the bedside or near the patient and can significantly reduce the turnaround time for laboratory test results. The next generation for clinical laboratory testing may be devices that are worn or attached to the patient.

Content
POCT devices that are designed where samples are tested directly on the patient include bilirubinometers, pulse oximeters, breathalyzers (for alcohol and, more recently, cannabinoid detection), transcutaneous blood gas analyses, and novel testing applications such as glucose and tumor signatures following surgical excision. The utility of these devices with special reference for use within the intensive care unit and the emergency department is reviewed.

Summary
It is likely that wearable POCT devices will be developed in the future that can meet current and emerging clinical needs. Advancements in biomedical engineering and information technology will be needed in the creation of next-generation devices.
Социально-экологическая "устойчивость через изменения" российских городов: поиск теоретико-методологических перспектив
Authors: Ермолаева Полина Олеговна , Яницкий Олег Николаевич , Башева Ольга Александровна , Ермолаева Юлия Вячеславовна , Кузнецова Ирина Борисовна 
Published: May 2019

Статья направлена на критическое осмысление концептуальных основ исследования социально-экологической устойчивости и изменчивости городов на примере концепта «зеленый город», анализа исторического, социального, экономического и политического контекстов формирования подобных городов для России, а также рассмотрения релевантных теоретико-методологических подходов к исследованию «устойчивости через изменения», структуры и функций российских городов на основе метаанализа более 150 рецензируемых научных трудов. Под «зеленым городом» понимается город, сочетающий высокую эффективность и инновативность; город, в котором созданы наилучшие (при имеющихся ограничениях и возможностях) условия жизни его населения, город, способный сохраняться, реагируя на глобальные изменения. Среди основных особенностей формирования «зеленых городов» в России авторы выделили их «двойную трансформацию», непосредственную связанность с современными геополитическими процессами в мире и ресурсной политикой государства, стремительную информатизацию и цифровизацию, обострение старых и появление новых экологических рисков (в первую очередь, проблему утилизации отходов в крупных городах), влияющих на здоровье и качество жизни населения в городах. Анализ основных авторских и корпоративных методик по измерению устойчивости и экологичности российских городов показал, что все методики расчета, за исключением методики «Зеленого патруля», основываются на количественных (статистических) данных, что, с одной стороны, является их преимуществом, делая их результаты максимально объективными, но, с другой стороны, выступает и недостатком, так как в связи с задержкой публикации статистики или вовсе ее отсутствия не позволяет наблюдать ежегодную динамику. Авторы статьи полагают, что основными теоретико-методологическими подходами к исследованию социально-экологической «устойчивости через изменения» городов в российском контексте должны стать проблемно-ориентированные и междисциплинарные подходы, включая концепцию СБТ-систем, социально-экологического метаболизма, подхода устойчивых переходов и отдельных теорий среднего уровня. В рамках данных подходов, во-первых, изменения в городских системах понимаются как комплексные, динамические, системные (происходят сразу во множестве систем) и нелинейные процессы, во-вторых, траектории изменений возникают из совместных взаимодействий между множественными системами
Благодарность. Статья написана при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект «Российские мегаполисы в условиях новых социально-экологических вызовов: построение комплексной междисциплинарной модели и стратегий формирования «зеленых» городов России», грант № 17-78-20106.