bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclohexane Oxidation to Adipic Acid Under Green Conditions: A Scalable and Sustainable Process
Authors: Mazzi Alberto , Paul Sébastien , Cavani Fabrizio , Wojcieszak Robert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work reports a 1 mol scale catalytic process to synthesize adipic acid directly from cyclohexane in solvent‐free conditions using air as oxidant. Catalysts based on vanadium phosphorus oxides were prepared, characterized and tested. They showed good activity and remarkably high selectivity to adipic acid in comparison to other already known heterogeneous catalysts. The use of solvent‐free conditions permits the easy separation of the product from the reactant mixture, which is very important from the industrial point of view. The process can be used at industrial scale for sustainable adipic acid synthesis.
Partially Oxidized Bimetallic Nanocrystals as Efficient Non‐Noble Metal Alcohol Electrooxidation Catalysts
Authors: Shao Qi , Song Jia , Feng Yonggang , Zhu Xing , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough extensive efforts have been devoted to pursuing active nanomaterials for fuel cell reactions, they still suffer from serious structure changes and loss of active sites during the electrocatalysis. Herein, we have successfully constructed bimetallic Cu−Ni nanocrystals with unique yolk‐shell architecture via partial oxidation, which can largely release the particle expansion and effectively prevent the particle from aggregation and dissolution during the electrocatalysis. As a consequent, the optimized Cu−Ni yolk‐shell electrocatalyst delivers excellent durability with only 19.6 % activity decay after 10 h‐methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), in contrast with that of the commercial Pt/C (96.0 %), and can even maintain 62.6 % activity after long‐term MOR (5 days). XPS analysis indicates that the large downshift of d‐band center of Cu−Ni yolk‐shell electrocatalyst leads to the release of “poison effect” for enhancing the alcohol electrooxidation. The present work provides a new approach for achieving low‐cost catalysts with ultrahigh stability for electrooxidation and beyond.
Black Phosphorus‐Based Compound with Few Layers for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Yan Junqing , Ji Yujin , Kong Lingqiao , Li Youyong , Navlani‐García Miriam , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Che Michel , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough black phosphorus (BP) is an interesting 2D nanosheet material with a high hole mobility, its application in the photocatalytic water oxidation for O2 evolution is not reported yet. Herein the use of BP coupled with a reductive hydroxide, Ni(OH)2, is reported for the first time. The developed photo‐assisted process confirms that the BP XPS measurements confirm that the oxidation state of BP is reduced through the photo‐assisted loading method. The obtained P−Ni(OH)2 samples present the steady and efficient photocatalytic water splitting for O2 generation. Under the simulated sunlight irradiation in 0.1 M Na2S2O4 solution, the O2 generation rate can reach up to 15.7 μmol/(gcatalyst*h) or 224.3 μmol/(gBP*h). The density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that the electrons and holes move to surface of BP and Ni(OH)2, respectively. The merit of self‐polarization of P−Ni(OH)2 ensures the stability of BP and achieves the photocatalytic O2 generation from water.
Durable Platinum‐Based Electrocatalyst Supported by Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Modified with CeO2
Authors: Li Yuping , Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Suli , Sun Gongquan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe stability of a carbon support is especially essential for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts in fuel cells. The state‐of‐the‐art support, generally active carbons, usually have poor corrosion resistance and weak interaction with noble metals, leading to degradation of electrocatalyst performance. Herein, a composite electrocatalyst support denoted CeO2/MWNT, combining high corrosion resistance and strong interaction with platinum, was fabricated through ceria deposited on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). On the one hand, high electronic conductivity, medium surface area, and abandoned surface functional groups of MWNTs guarantee fine dispersion and performance of platinum. On the other hand, high corrosion resistive MWNTs and strong interactions between platinum and CeO2 prevent the platinum from degrading. The durability of the electrocatalyst and support are evaluated, referring to the NREL standard. After accelerated testing, the mean particle size of Pt‐CeO2/MWNT increases from 3.1 to 3.5 nm, whereas the loss of electrochemical surface area and specific activity are 14.7 and 9.2 %, respectively, which are much lower than those of commercial Pt/C, which uses activated carbon as the support.
Embedding MnO2 Ultrafine Nanoparticles within Graphene‐Based Hybrid Elastomer as an Anode for Enhanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhou Xiangyang , Cheng Fangyan , Tang Jingjing , Sun Antao , Bai Tao , Yu Yawen , Yang Juan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite its high theoretical capacity, the practical application of MnO2 anodes for lithium‐ion batteries is still hindered by poor rate capability, owing to its low electronic conductivity and large volume variation during Li+ insertion/extraction. Herein, these tough issues are tackled by embedding MnO2 ultrafine nanoparticles within polydopamine‐modified reduced graphene oxide. This smart design skillfully utilizes the reduction and self‐polymerization properties of dopamine to reduce graphene oxide while MnO2 ultrafine nanoparticles are embedded in the polydopamine and form a stable interface. The polydopamine, acting as an elastomer, can cushion the stress associated with the expansion of MnO2 ultrafine nanoparticles, and the reduced graphene oxide, as the highly conductive matrix, can greatly improve the rate performance. The resultant composites exhibit a high reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability, and good rate performance, owing to the synergistic effects among conductive graphene, elastic polydopamine, and ultrafine MnO2.
Inside Cover: Ir‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Alkylidene β‐Lactams and Cyclobutanones (Chin. J. Chem. 7/2018)
Authors: Xia Jingzhao , Nie Yu , Yang Guoqiang , Liu Yangang , Gridnev Ilya D. , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: June 2018

The inside cover picture shows Chiral β‐lactams and cyclobutanones are present in numerous natural and pharmaceutical products. A direct preparation of chiral four‐membered rings via metal‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation has not been described yet. In this article, we report an Ir/BiphPHOX‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐alkylidene β‐lactams and cyclobutanones for the direct preparation of β‐lactams and cyclobutanones bearing an α‐substituted stereocenter. Our tropos phosphine‐oxazoline biphenyl ligand is essential for the preparation of the desired products with high enantioselectivities. More details are discussed in the article by Zhang et al. on page 612–618.
image
Pharmacokinetics of Co‐Suspension Delivery Technology Budesonide/Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate (BGF MDI) and Budesonide/Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate (BFF MDI) Fixed‐Dose Combinations Compared With an Active Control: A Phase 1, Randomized, Single‐Dose, Crossover Study in Healthy Adults
Authors: Maes Andrea , DePetrillo Paolo , Siddiqui Shahid , Reisner Colin , Dorinsky Paul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis randomized, phase 1, single‐dose, crossover study (NCT02189304) compared the 12‐hour pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety profiles of budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate metered dose inhaler (BGF MDI) 320/14.4/10 μg and budesonide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate (BFF) MDI 320/10 μg (both formulated using innovative co‐suspension delivery technology) to an active comparator (budesonide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate dry powder inhaler [BUD/FORM DPI] 320/9‐μg delivered dose) in healthy adults. The potential for PK interaction between glycopyrronium and budesonide/formoterol within BGF MDI was assessed. Of 72 subjects randomized, 59 completed treatment. Systemic budesonide exposure (primary objective) based on area under the plasma drug concentration‐time curve 0‐12 hours (AUC0‐12; % coefficient of variation) was 1598.38 (49.7), 1657.09 (50.4), and 1276.75 (70.4) pg·h/mL for BGF MDI, BFF MDI, and BUD/FORM DPI, respectively; and formoterol exposure (AUC0‐12 [% coefficient of variation]) was 39.16 (45.9), 39.53 (40.5), and 23.24 (59.2) pg·h/mL, respectively. BGF MDI and BFF MDI were bioequivalent for budesonide and formoterol. All treatments were well tolerated. While systemic exposure to budesonide and formoterol was higher for BGF MDI and BFF MDI than for BUD/FORM DPI, there were no appreciable differences in the incidence of pharmacologically predictable adverse events. This, coupled with the absence of PK interactions, suggests the BGF MDI safety profile will be comparable to BUD/FORM DPI.
Effect of non‐extensivity parameter q on the damping rate of dust ion acoustic waves in non‐extensive dusty plasma
Authors: Rehman Aman‐ur , Ahmad Mushtaq , Hamza M.Y. 
Published: June 2018

Kinetic theory has been applied to study the damping characteristics of dust ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) in a dusty plasma comprising q‐non‐extensive distributed electrons and ions, while the dust particles are considered extensive following the Maxwellian velocity distribution function. It is found that the results of the three‐dimensional velocity distribution function are more accurate compared to the results of the one‐dimensional velocity distribution function. The numerical solution of the dispersion relation is carried out to study the effect of the non‐extensivity parameter q on the dispersion, the damping rate, and the range of the values of the normalized wavenumber ( k λD) for which the DIAWs are weakly damped. It is found that the change in the value of the electron non‐extensivity parameter qe has a minor effect on the dispersion, the damping rate, and the range of the values of the normalized wavenumber ( k λD) for which the DIAWs are weakly damped, while on the other hand, ion non‐extensivity parameter qi has a strong effect on these arguments. The effect of other parameters, such as the ratio of electron to ion number density and ratio of electron to ion temperature, on the damping characteristics of DIAWs is also highlighted.
Identifying drivers of spatial variation in occupancy with limited replication camera trap data
Authors: Hepler Staci A. , Erhardt Robert , Anderson T. Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOccupancy models are widely used in camera trap studies to analyze species presence, abundance, and geographic distribution, among other important ecological quantities. These models account for imperfect detection using a latent variable to distinguish between true presence/absence and observed detection of a species. Under certain experimental setups, parameter estimation in a latent variable framework can be challenging. Several studies have issued guidelines on the number of independent replicated observations (surveys) needed for each unchanging occupancy field (season) to ensure reliable estimation. In this paper, we present a spatio‐temporal occupancy model, and show through a simulation study that it can be fit to data obtained from a single survey per season, so long as the number of seasons is sufficiently large. We include an application using camera‐trap data on the Thomson's gazelle in the Serengeti in Tanzania.
Echocardiographic predictors of change in renal function with intravenous diuresis for decompensated heart failure
Authors: Gannon Stephen A. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Chang James D. 
Published: June 2018

AimsThe aim of this study was to identify echocardiographic predictors of improved or worsening renal function during intravenous diuresis for decompensated heart failure. Secondary aim included defining the incidence and clinical risk factors for acute changes in renal function with decongestion.Methods and resultsA retrospective review of 363 patients admitted to a single centre for decompensated heart failure who underwent intravenous diuresis and transthoracic echocardiography was conducted. Clinical, echocardiographic, and renal function data were retrospectively collected. A multinomial logistic regression model was created to determine relative risk ratios for improved renal function (IRF) or worsening renal function (WRF). Within this cohort, 36% of patients experienced WRF, 35% had stable renal function, and 29% had IRF. Patients with WRF were more likely to have a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction compared with those with stable renal function or IRF (P = 0.02). Patients with IRF were more likely to have a dilated, hypokinetic right ventricle compared with those with stable renal function or WRF (P ≤ 0.01), although this was not significant after adjustment for baseline characteristics. Left atrial size, left ventricular linear dimensions, and diastolic function did not significantly predict change in renal function.ConclusionsAn acute change in renal function occurred in 65% of patients admitted with decompensated heart failure. WRF was statistically more likely in patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. A trend towards IRF was noted in patients with global right ventricular dysfunction.
Hysteresis Design of Magnetocaloric Materials—From Basic Mechanisms to Applications
Authors: Scheibel Franziska , Gottschall Tino , Taubel Andreas , Fries Maximilian , Skokov Konstantin P. , Terwey Alexandra , Keune Werner , Ollefs Katharina , Wende Heiko , Farle Michael , Acet Mehmet , Gutfleisch Oliver , Gruner Markus E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMagnetic refrigeration relies on a substantial entropy change in a magnetocaloric material when a magnetic field is applied. Such entropy changes are present at first‐order magnetostructural transitions around a specific temperature at which the applied magnetic field induces a magnetostructural phase transition and causes a conventional or inverse magnetocaloric effect (MCE). First‐order magnetostructural transitions show large effects, but involve transitional hysteresis, which is a loss source that hinders the reversibility of the adiabatic temperature change ΔTad. However, reversibility is required for the efficient operation of the heat pump. Thus, it is the mastering of that hysteresis that is the key challenge to advance magnetocaloric materials. We review the origin of the large MCE and of the hysteresis in the most promising first‐order magnetocaloric materials such as Ni–Mn‐based Heusler alloys, FeRh, La(FeSi)13‐based compounds, Mn3GaC antiperovskites, and Fe2P compounds. We discuss the microscopic contributions of the entropy change, the magnetic interactions, the effect of hysteresis on the reversible MCE, and the size‐ and time‐dependence of the MCE at magnetostructural transitions.
Sustainable Energy System Utilizing High‐Voltage‐Stable and Energy‐dense Supercapacitors Based on Porous Fe2O3@Graphene Electrode in Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Yang Cheng , Shi Minjie , Tian Yuyu , Song Xuefeng , Zhao Liping , Liu Jing , Zhang Peng , Gao Lian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnergy‐dense supercapacitors (SCs) based on metal oxides@graphene electrode and ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte hold great promise in sustainable energy system. However, these types of SCs suffer from poor cycling stability, especially at high working voltage. Herein, a porous ferric oxide/graphene (P−Fe2O3/G) electrode has been developed, in which Fe2O3 nanoparticles exhibit abundant and suitable mesoporous channels. This structure ensures the high ionic diffusion kinetics of the IL ions during the repeated charging‐discharging processes, thereby providing the P−Fe2O3/G electrode with outastanding capacitance behavior and cycling performance in IL electrolyte. As a result, an ingenious asymmetric electrode concept has been put forward to fabricate energy‐dense SCs based on this P−Fe2O3/G as negative electrode, carbon dodecahedrons/graphene (CDs/G) as positive electrode and IL electrolyte. Remarkably, the fabricated devices exhibit superior high‐voltage cycling stability with 95 % retention after 20 000 cycles, which are much better than that of most previously reported SCs based on metal oxides/graphene electrode and IL electrolyte. On this basis, a sustainable energy system combining wind harvesting with asymmetric SCs has been established, wherein the asymmetric SCs can be effectively recharged by harvesting sustainable wind power and repeatedly supply power without decline of electrochemical performance. Therefore, this work can provide a promising porous electrode for high performance SCs in sustainable energy system.
Parental diet affects embryogenesis of the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) exposed to cadmium, pyraclostrobin, and tributyltin
Authors: Reátegui-Zirena Evelyn G. , Salice Christopher J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Diet quality has a strong impact on life-history traits, but it is not usually considered as a factor in toxicity tests. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate how diets differing in nutritional content affect sensitivity to cadmium, pyraclostrobin, and tributyltin in Lymnaea stagnalis offspring. Three groups were fed a different diet each: lettuce, high-caloric pellets, or a combination of both. Snails fed pellets and both diets had similar growth; however, snails fed lettuce showed lower growth until the fourth month. Egg masses were collected from adult snails fed each diet and exposed to 3 concentrations of either cadmium, pyraclostrobin, or tributyltin. We quantified time to hatch, hatching success, and the developmental stages of embryos. We measured fecundity in adults and total lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in adult snails and egg masses. Adult snails fed different diets produced a similar number of egg masses, but the number of eggs per egg mass in snails fed pellets was lower than for snails fed the other 2 diets. We found that adult snails fed pellets had a higher lipid content compared to snails fed the other 2 diets. However, egg masses from parental snails fed pellets did not hatch, including those from the controls. Interestingly, egg masses exposed to the lowest concentration of tributyltin had low hatching success. These observations on offspring performance suggest that there are important diet effects that can strongly influence responses that could be diet- and chemical-dependent. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2428–2438. © 2018 SETAC.
A failure to show the efficacy of a dot‐probe attentional training in dysphoria: Evidence from an eye‐tracking study
Authors: Duque Almudena , Vazquez Carmelo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines whether a 4‐day dot‐probe attentional training to orient attention toward positive words could lead participants with dysphoria to change selective attention to emotional faces. It was also explored whether this positive attentional bias training could lead to a decrease in depressive symptoms.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to Positive Training Group (PTG) and No Training Group (NTG). PTG was composed of 16 subjects, whereas NTG was composed of 15 subjects. All participants were women with a mean age of 22.87 (SD = 3.21).ResultsResults showed that dysphoric participants in the PTG did not show changes in attentional patterns to emotional faces. Furthermore, depressive symptoms did not significantly change after the 4‐session training.ConclusionsThese results suggest that cognitive training procedures based on dot‐probe paradigms are probably not adequate to modify attentional patterns in individuals with depressive symptoms. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Automated GMP‐production of α‐[11C]methyl‐L‐tryptophan using a tracer production system (TPS)
Authors: Nordeman Patrik , Yngve Ulrika , Wilking Helena , Gustavsson Sven Åke , Eriksson Jonas , Antoni Gunnar 
Published: June 2018

The radiosynthesis and GMP validation of [11C]AMT for human use are described. Three consecutive batches were produced giving 940‐3790 MBq (4%‐17% RCY, decay corrected, based on [11C]CO2) of the tracer. The molar activity at the end of synthesis was 19 to 35 GBq/μmol, the radiochemical purity was ≥98%, and the enantiomeric purity was >99%. While the synthesis method was automated using a new generation of synthesis equipment, tracer production system developed in house, the method should be readily applicable to other synthesis platforms with minor modifications.
Change in the hepatic profile of hepatitis C virus genotype 4–infected patients with compensated cirrhosis receiving ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir plus ribavirin: A subanalysis of the AGATE‐II study
Authors: Waked Imam , Esmat Gamal , Fouad Rabab , Allam Naglaa , Hassany Mohamed , Mohey Mohammad , Shiha Gamal , Soliman Reham , Qaqish Roula B. , Hall Coleen , Alami Negar N. , Kopecky‐Bromberg Sarah , Mobashery Niloufar 
Published: June 2018

In AGATE‐II, treatment with ombitasvir coformulated with paritaprevir/ritonavir plus ribavirin (RBV) in Egyptians infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 4 resulted in high rates of sustained virologic response at post‐treatment week 12. This subanalysis examined the effects of treatment in AGATE‐II on liver biomarkers in patients with compensated cirrhosis. AGATE‐II was a phase 3, open‐label, partly randomized trial of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir with weight‐based RBV daily once in treatment‐naive or treatment‐experienced patients. Patients without cirrhosis received treatment for 12 weeks and patients with compensated cirrhosis were randomized 1:1 to the same regimen for either 12 or 24 weeks. Sixty patients with compensated cirrhosis were randomized to treatment for 12 weeks (n = 31) or 24 weeks (n = 29). In the 12‐week arm, significant improvements were observed in biomarkers of liver injury (alanine aminotransferase: –53.7 U/L, P < 0.001; aspartate aminotransferase: –35.9 U/L, P < 0.001) and liver fibrosis (aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index: –0.987, P < 0.001; fibrosis‐4 index: –1.165, P < 0.001). Similar results were reported in the 24‐week arm. Treatment with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus RBV in hepatitis C virus genotype, 4‐infected Egyptians with compensated cirrhosis resulted in improvements in certain biomarkers of liver synthetic function, injury, and fibrosis, independent of treatment duration.