bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piggyback search for fast radio bursts using Nanshan 26 m and Kunming 40 m radio telescopes – I. Observing and data analysis systems, discovery of a mysterious peryton
Authors: Men Y P , Luo R , Chen M Z , Hao L F , Lee K J , Li J , Li Z X , Liu Z Y , Pei X , Wen Z G , Wu J J , Xu Y H , Xu R X , Yuan J P , Zhang C F 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We present our piggyback search for fast radio bursts using the Nanshan 26 m Radio Telescope and the Kunming 40 m Radio Telescope. The observations are performed in the L band from 1380 to 1700 MHz at Nanshan and the Sband from 2170 to 2310 MHz at Kunming. We built the roach2-based FFT spectrometer and developed the real-time transient search software. We introduce a new radio interference mitigation technique named zero-DM matched filter and give the formula of the signal-to-noise ratio loss in the transient search. Though we have no positive detection of bursts in about 1600 and 2400 h data at Nanshan and Kunming, respectively, an intriguing peryton was detected at Nanshan, from which hundreds of bursts were recorded. Perytons are terrestrial radio signals that mimic celestial fast radio bursts. They were first reported at Parkes and identified as microwave oven interferences later. The bursts detected at Nanshan show similar frequency swept emission and have double-peaked profiles. They appeared in different sky regions in about tens of minutes observations and the dispersion measure index is not exactly 2, which indicates the terrestrial origin. The peryton differs drastically from the known perytons detected at Parkes, because it appeared in a precise period of p = 1.712 87 ± 0.000 04 s. Its origin remains unknown.
Forecasts of redshift drift constraints on cosmological parameters
Authors: Alves C S , Leite A C O , Martins C J A P , Matos J G B , Silva T A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Cosmological observations usually map our present-day past light cone. However, it is also possible to compare different past light cones. This is the concept behind the redshift drift, a model-independent probe of fundamental cosmology. In simple physical terms, this effectively allows us to watch the Universe expand in real time. While current facilities only allow sensitivities several orders of magnitude worse than the expected signal, it should be possible to detect it with forthcoming ones. Here, we discuss the potential impact of measurements by three such facilities: the Extremely Large Telescope (the subject of most existing redshift drift forecasts), but also the Square Kilometre Array and intensity mapping experiments. For each of these we assume the measurement sensitivities estimated respectively in Liske et al. (2008), Klockner et al. (2015), and Yu, Zhang & Pen (2014). We focus on the role of these measurements in constraining dark energy scenarios, highlighting the fact that although on their own they yield comparatively weak constraints, they do probe regions of parameter space that are typically different from those probed by other experiments, as well as being redshift dependent. Specifically, we quantify how combinations of several redshift drift measurements at different redshifts, or combinations of redshift drift measurements with those from other canonical cosmological probes, can constrain some representative dark energy models. Our conclusion is that a model-independent mapping of the expansion of the universe from redshift z = 0 to z = 4 – a challenging but feasible goal for the next generation of astrophysical facilities – can have a significant impact on fundamental cosmology.
Polynucleotide phosphorylase promotes the stability and function of Hfq-binding sRNAs by degrading target mRNA-derived fragments
Authors: Cameron Todd A , Matz Lisa M , Sinha Dhriti , De Lay Nicholas R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) that bind the RNA chaperone Hfq have a pivotal role in modulating virulence, stress responses, metabolism and biofilm formation. These sRNAs recognize transcripts through base-pairing, and sRNA–mRNA annealing consequently alters the translation and/or stability of transcripts leading to changes in gene expression. We have previously found that the highly conserved 3′-to-5′ exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) has an indispensable role in paradoxically stabilizing Hfq-bound sRNAs and promoting their function in gene regulation in Escherichia coli. Here, we report that PNPase contributes to the degradation of specific short mRNA fragments, the majority of which bind Hfq and are derived from targets of sRNAs. Specifically, we found that these mRNA-derived fragments accumulate in the absence of PNPase or its exoribonuclease activity and interact with PNPase. Additionally, we show that mutations in hfq or in the seed pairing region of some sRNAs eliminated the requirement of PNPase for their stability. Altogether, our results are consistent with a model that PNPase degrades mRNA-derived fragments that could otherwise deplete cells of Hfq-binding sRNAs through pairing-mediated decay.
The NRPD1 N-terminus contains a Pol IV-specific motif that is critical for genome surveillance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ferrafiat Laura , Pflieger David , Singh Jasleen , Thieme Michael , Böhrer Marcel , Himber Christophe , Gerbaud Aude , Bucher Etienne , Pikaard Craig S , Blevins Todd 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRNA-guided surveillance systems constrain the activity of transposable elements (TEs) in host genomes. In plants, RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) transcribes TEs into primary transcripts from which RDR2 synthesizes double-stranded RNA precursors for small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that guide TE methylation and silencing. How the core subunits of Pol IV, homologs of RNA polymerase II subunits, diverged to support siRNA biogenesis in a TE-rich, repressive chromatin context is not well understood. Here we studied the N-terminus of Pol IV’s largest subunit, NRPD1. Arabidopsis lines harboring missense mutations in this N-terminus produce wild-type (WT) levels of NRPD1, which co-purifies with other Pol IV subunits and RDR2. Our in vitro transcription and genomic analyses reveal that the NRPD1 N-terminus is critical for robust Pol IV-dependent transcription, siRNA production and DNA methylation. However, residual RNA-directed DNA methylation observed in one mutant genotype indicates that Pol IV can operate uncoupled from the high siRNA levels typically observed in WT plants. This mutation disrupts a motif uniquely conserved in Pol IV, crippling the enzyme's ability to inhibit retrotransposon mobilization. We propose that the NRPD1 N-terminus motif evolved to regulate Pol IV function in genome surveillance.
Molecular game theory for a toxin-dominant food chain model
Authors: Li Bowen , Silva Jonathan R , Lu Xiancui , Luo Lei , Wang Yunfei , Xu Lizhen , Aierken Aerziguli , Shynykul Zhanserik , Kamau Peter Muiruri , Luo Anna , Yang Jian , Su Deyuan , Yang Fan , Cui Jianmin , Yang Shilong , Lai Ren 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Animal toxins that are used to subdue prey and deter predators act as the key drivers in natural food chains and ecosystems. However, the predators of venomous animals may exploit feeding adaptation strategies to overcome toxins their prey produce. Much remains unknown about the genetic and molecular game process in the toxin-dominant food chain model. Here, we show an evolutionary strategy in different trophic levels of scorpion-eating amphibians, scorpions and insects, representing each predation relationship in habitats dominated by the paralytic toxins of scorpions. For scorpions preying on insects, we found that the scorpion α-toxins irreversibly activate the skeletal muscle sodium channel of their prey (insect, BgNaV1) through a membrane delivery mechanism and an efficient binding with the Asp/Lys-Tyr motif of BgNaV1. However, in the predatory game between frogs and scorpions, with a single point mutation (Lys to Glu) in this motif of the frog's skeletal muscle sodium channel (fNaV1.4), fNaV1.4 breaks this interaction and diminishes muscular toxicity to the frog; thus, frogs can regularly prey on scorpions without showing paralysis. Interestingly, this molecular strategy also has been employed by some other scorpion-eating amphibians, especially anurans. In contrast to these amphibians, the Asp/Lys-Tyr motifs are structurally and functionally conserved in other animals that do not prey on scorpions. Together, our findings elucidate the protein-protein interacting mechanism of a toxin-dominant predator-prey system, implying the evolutionary game theory at a molecular level.
Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of FTND and TTFC Phenotypes
Authors: Chen Jingchun , Loukola Anu , Gillespie Nathan A , Peterson Roseann , Jia Peilin , Riley Brien , Maes Hermine , Dick Daniella M , Kendler Kenneth S , Damaj M Imad , Miles Michael F , Zhao Zhongming , Li Ming D , Vink Jacqueline M , Minica Camelia C , Willemsen Gonneke , Boomsma Dorret I , Qaiser Beenish , Madden Pamela A F , Korhonen Tellervo , Jousilahti Pekka , Hällfors Jenni , Gelernter Joel , Kranzler Henry R , Sherva Richard , Farrer Lindsay , Maher Brion , Vanyukov Michael , Taylor Michelle , Ware Jenifer J , Munafò Marcus R , Lutz Sharon M , Hokanson John E , Gu Fangyi , Landi Maria T , Caporaso Neil E , Hancock Dana B , Gaddis Nathan C , Baker Timothy B , Bierut Laura J , Johnson Eric O , Chenoweth Meghan , Lerman Caryn , Tyndale Rachel , Kaprio Jaakko , Chen Xiangning 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionFTND (Fagerstrӧm test for nicotine dependence) and TTFC (time to smoke first cigarette in the morning) are common measures of nicotine dependence (ND). However, genome-wide meta-analysis for these phenotypes has not been reported.MethodsGenome-wide meta-analyses for FTND (N = 19,431) and TTFC (N = 18,567) phenotypes were conducted for adult smokers of European ancestry from 14 independent cohorts.ResultsWe found that SORBS2 on 4q35 (p = 4.05 × 10−8), BG182718 on 11q22 (p = 1.02 × 10−8), and AA333164 on 14q21 (p = 4.11 × 10−9) were associated with TTFC phenotype. We attempted replication of leading candidates with independent samples (FTND, N = 7010 and TTFC, N = 10 061), however, due to limited power of the replication samples, the replication of these new loci did not reach significance. In gene-based analyses, COPB2 was found associated with FTND phenotype, and TFCP2L1, RELN, and INO80C were associated with TTFC phenotype. In pathway and network analyses, we found that the interconnected interactions among the endocytosis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, axon guidance, MAPK signaling, and chemokine signaling pathways were involved in ND.ConclusionsOur analyses identified several promising candidates for both FTND and TTFC phenotypes, and further verification of these candidates was necessary. Candidates supported by both FTND and TTFC (CHRNA4, THSD7B, RBFOX1, and ZNF804A) were associated with addiction to alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, and were associated with autism and schizophrenia. We also identified novel pathways involved in cigarette smoking. The pathway interactions highlighted the importance of receptor recycling and internalization in ND.ImplicationsUnderstanding the genetic architecture of cigarette smoking and ND is critical to develop effective prevention and treatment. Our study identified novel candidates and biological pathways involved in FTND and TTFC phenotypes, and this will facilitate further investigation of these candidates and pathways.
A case of Lemierre-like Syndrome: internal jugular vein thrombosis secondary to Staphylococcus aureus sternoclavicular joint septic arthritis
Authors: Er Chaozer , Tey Vanessa Hwee Ting , Kuthiah Navin , Aravamudan Veeraraghavan Meyyur 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Lemierre syndrome is the internal jugular vein (IJV) suppurative thrombophlebitis, usually secondary to oropharyngeal infection. Staphylococcus aureus is an emerging responsible pathogen. We report a unique case of IJV thrombosis secondary to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus sternoclavicular joint septic arthritis. We review the existing literature on Lemierre syndrome: its various manifestations, causative pathogens, treatment and management.
Permanent Paraplegia as a Complication of Injection of Contrast Media at L2-L3 Vertebral Level
Authors: Shukla Adarsh B , Vu To-Nhu , Vorobeychik Yakov 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe lumbar intrathecal (subarachnoid) space is accessed for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Occasionally, the needle may unintentionally enter the intrathecal space during lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid injections (LESIs)—one of the most commonly performed medical procedures in the United States. Ordinarily, this merely constitutes a minor complication or even a desired placement (in the case of some diagnostic procedures). However, some patients have a rare condition wherein the spinal cord terminates below the L2 vertebral level (tethered cord). In such cases, injections administered at the lumbar level may potentially result in spinal cord damage and irreversible paraplegia if the physician performing the intervention does not recognize the intramedullary position of the needle.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe and analyze an unintentional L2-L3 injection of contrast medium into a tethered spinal cord. Many physicians may consider lumbar injections “safe” because the spinal cord usually terminates at or above the L2 vertebral level. However, complacency stemming from this false impression of safety contributes to nonadherence to practice guidelines, which may lead to catastrophic neurological complications. Presented here is the first published occurrence of paraplegia that resulted from contrast medium injection into the spinal cord during a myelography study performed below the L2 vertebral level.ConclusionsDisregard of the procedural guidelines by the physicians performing an elective diagnostic intervention may cause devastating neurological complications. The described casualty occurred because of failure to review previous imaging studies, injection of the contrast medium despite unsuccessful attempts to aspirate cerebrospinal fluid, and an unwillingness to terminate the procedure immediately when the patient reported an unusual sensation in both of his lower extremities. Consequently, we suggest that not only for cervical and thoracic but also for lumbar interlaminar ESIs, previous imaging studies should be reviewed before the injection.
Therapeutic Exercise in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Carroquino-Garcia Paloma , Jiménez-Rejano José Jesús , Medrano-Sanchez Esther , de la Casa-Almeida Maria , Diaz-Mohedo Esther , Suarez-Serrano Carmen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Dysmenorrhea is a health problem with a high impact on health and society. Some drugs have been shown to be effective at treating dysmenorrhea. Therapeutic exercise is another option for reducing the symptomatology of this health problem, with a low cost and the absence of side effects.

Purpose
The purposes of this review were to study the efficacy of physical exercise for pain intensity in primary dysmenorrhea and to assess its effectiveness in decreasing the duration of pain and improving quality of life.

Data Sources
Searches were conducted between February 2017 and May 2017 in the databases Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Dialnet, using the terms dysmenorrhea, exercise therapy, exercise movement technique, exercise, physical therapy, physical therapy speciality, treatment, primary dysmenorrhea, prevention, etiology, epidemiology, and pain.

Study Selection
We included randomized controlled trial studies conducted on women who were 16 to 25 years old and had primary dysmenorrhea, studies that included exercise as a type of therapy, studies that assessed the intensity and duration of pain and quality of life, and studies published in English or Spanish. Studies that included women with irregular cycles, women diagnosed with a gynecological disease, women who had had surgery, women with serious diseases, or women who used intracavitary or oral contraceptives were excluded. We started with 455 studies; 16 were included in the systematic review, and 11 were included in the 3 meta-analyses that were carried out.

Data Extraction
Two authors selected the studies and extracted their characteristics (participants, intervention, comparators, and outcomes) and results. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies was carried out by PEDro scale.

Data Synthesis
There was moderate evidence that therapeutic exercise can be considered a useful tool in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in terms of a reduction in pain intensity. Regarding the duration of pain and quality of life, there was low evidence and very low evidence, respectively. In the 3 meta-analyses, the results were significantly positive in favor of exercise for decreases in both the intensity and the duration of pain.

Limitations
Limitations of this study include the great heterogeneity of the interventions applied in the studies in terms of type of exercise, in combination or alone, and dosage. This review includes a small number of studies with risk of bias, so the present findings must be interpreted with caution.

Conclusions
Therapeutic exercise reduces pain intensity in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.
Conceptualizing the societal impact of research in terms of elements of logic models: a survey of researchers in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Boshoff Nelius , de Jong Stefan P L 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study addressed the conceptualization of the societal impact of research from the perspective of programme evaluation, by focusing on the three ‘result’ elements of logic models: outputs, outcomes, and impact. In research evaluation, the distinction could resemble a difference between product, use, and benefit. The study established whether researchers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), South Africa excluded, view societal impact as extending across all three elements or as confined to the last element only. A web survey of 485 SSA researchers was conducted, as researchers from this region are not yet bounded by policy definitions of impact. The survey imposed the three elements of logic models onto five hypothetical descriptions of ‘impactful’ research initiatives. Respondents rated each element in terms of how much it reflects the societal impact of research. For any initiative, use was more likely to be considered a strong example of societal impact compared to a product, but less likely so compared to benefit. Between 23% and 43% of respondents rated all three elements as strong examples of the societal impact of research. Responses were analyzed by SSA region and the research domain and years of research experience of survey participants. An open-ended question about own understandings of societal impact was included as well in the survey. The responses portrayed impact as a (generally) positive effect that contributes to change in the daily life of human kind. The expectation that research should have impact at an almost general level of aggregation could be unique to the SSA context.
Education Program Regarding Labor Epidurals Increases Utilization by Hispanic Medicaid Beneficiaries
Authors: Togioka Brandon M. , Seligman Katherine M. , Werntz Megan K. , Yanez N. David , Noles Lorna M. , Treggiari Miriam M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Hispanic women choose epidural labor analgesia less commonly than non-Hispanic women. This may represent a healthcare disparity related to a language barrier and inadequate opportunities for labor analgesia education. It was hypothesized that a language-concordant, educational program regarding labor epidurals would improve epidural utilization in two independent cohorts of Hispanic and non-Hispanic women.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial, blinded to anesthesia, nursing, and obstetric providers, was completed at an academic hospital (February 2015 to February 2017). Two cohorts of Medicaid beneficiaries of Hispanic (English- and/or Spanish-speaking) and non-Hispanic ethnicity were enrolled concurrently. The patients were randomized to routine care alone or routine care and an additional educational program comprised of three components: a video show, corresponding pamphlet, and in-person counseling. The primary endpoint was use of epidural labor analgesia. The secondary endpoint was change in response before and after delivery on common misconceptions based on a 12-point epidural questionnaire.

Results
Hispanic women randomized to the intervention group were 33% more likely to choose epidural analgesia compared to the routine care group (40 of 50 [80%] vs. 30 of 50 [60%]; risk ratio, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.02 to 1.74]; P = 0.029). For the non-Hispanic cohort, no difference was detected in epidural use between the intervention and routine care groups (41 of 50 [82%] vs. 42 of 49 [86%]; risk ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.80 to 1.14]; P = 0.62), but the study was underpowered to determine a result of no difference. Patients assigned to the intervention had a greater improvement in epidural understanding compared with routine care, among both Hispanic (2.26 vs. 0.74, respectively; difference in change from baseline, 1.52 [95% CI, 0.77 to 2.27]; P < 0.001) and non-Hispanic (1.36 vs. 0.33, respectively; difference in change from baseline, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.23 to 1.75]; P = 0.005) cohorts. There were no adverse events during the trial.

Conclusions
The educational program increased epidural use among Hispanic women. The educational program reduced misconceptions regarding epidural analgesia in both Hispanic and non-Hispanic cohorts.
Positive Side Effects: The Perceived Health and Psychosocial Benefits of Delivering an HIV Self-Management Program for Peer Educators Living With HIV
Authors: Raker Amanda R. , Feldman Matthew B. , Hile Stephen J. , Chandraratna Sahani 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Although there is evidence that peer-led HIV treatment interventions are effective in improving health outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH), few studies have assessed the health and psychosocial benefits of being a peer living with HIV. Qualitative interviews were conducted with nine PLWH who were peers of an HIV self-management intervention, to examine how this experience was perceived to impact their health behaviors, social support, and professional development. Peers reported improved HIV self-management and reduced health risk behaviors, which were attributed to increased self-efficacy and the desire to be a role model for participants. Peers described the experience as an opportunity to expand social networks and develop professional skills that could be leveraged for future employment. Our findings suggested that the benefits of being a peer could be enhanced in trainings and supervision by linking the importance of health-promoting behaviors to being a role model for other PLWH.