bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of wellbore methods of investigating stress state of the upper layers of the earth’s crust
Authors: Dubinya N. V. 
Published: May 2019

The wellbore methods for studying the stress-strain state of the upper layers of the Earth’s crust are overviewed. Some main methods for stress estimating from wellbore data are presented alongside with the analysis of their applicability and uncertainty appearing after their application. The reconstruction of stress profiles along the well trajectory based on the data on wellbore breakouts, drilling-induced tensile fractures, elastic wave propagation in the well surrounding the rock masses, and regularities in the spatial orientation and distribution of natural fractures is discussed. The estimation of stress state parameters based on minifracs and leakoff tests as well as on strain recovery techniques from the oriented core samples from wells is described.
Radial anisotropy in the European upper mantle from surface waves
Authors: Yanovskaya T. B. , Lyskova E. L. , Koroleva T. Yu. 
Published: May 2019

The group velocity dispersion curves of the Rayleigh and Love waves are constructed along the paths intersecting the European continent in the interval of periods from 10 to 100 s from the records of earthquakes and seismic noise. The radial anisotropy of the European upper mantle is estimated from these data. Primarily, along each path, the average velocity sections of the SV- and SH-waves were calculated from the Rayleigh and Love wave data, respectively. Based on these sections, the average anisotropy coefficient was determined for each path in four depth intervals (the crust + three 30-km upper mantle layers). These results were used for identifying variations in lateral anisotropy in the studied region based on tomographic inversion. This approach eliminates different degree of smoothness of lateral variations of the SV- and SH-waves when these variations are determined separately from the Rayleigh and Love waves: in this case, the anisotropy coefficient can have large errors due to the different sets of the paths. The resolution of the data used for tomography was estimated by a “checkerboard test,” which demonstrated the possibility to resolve structural features with a linear size of 1200 to 1300 km in the central part of the studied area, i.e., approximately 15°–50° in longitude and 40°–65° in latitude. The tomographic inversion of lateral variations in the anisotropy coefficient shows that in the continental part of the studied region, the anisotropy coefficient at all depths in the upper mantle is zero within the error limits, whereas in the region of the Black and Baltic seas, it is positive and equal to 4–4.5% in the subcrustal mantle at the depths of 34 to 64 km. In the underlying layer in the Baltic Sea region, this coefficient is close to zero, whereas beneath the Black Sea Basin it remains positive albeit decreases to 2–3%. In the lowermost layer, anisotropy is not observed anywhere in the entire region; however, this can be due to the lack of the data for the large periods. Positive anisotropy (VSH > VSV) is typical of the oceanic areas, which can testify in favor of the oceanic hypothesis of the origin of the Black Sea basin.
Modification of Laptev sea freshened shelf waters based on isotope and salinity relations
Authors: Dubinina E. O. , Miroshnikov A. Yu. , Kossova S. A. , Shсhuka S. A. 
Published: May 2019

This paper is dedicated to the estimation of the river runoff contribution to the Arctic shelf waters, where freezing and melting of desalinated waters are intensively proceeding. A mixing-modification model is offered. The model takes into account the sea ice formation from desalinated waters on the shelf. The model was used to explain the data obtained from 63 and 69 cruises of the research vessel “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” (2015 and 2017). Two sources of water masses — the Atlantic waters and the Lena river were established for the studied area of Laptev Sea. The waters in this zone are modified, i.e. they have a higher salinity than the one that corresponds to the two components mixing. The presence of modified waters generated at the Laptev Sea shelf is traced in the continental slope zone. Desalination in the continental slope zone reaches 15–27% and affects depths no more than 20 m, at more than 50 m depths it is practically disappeared. A mixing-modification model was proposed to calculate river water input in the modified waters. The data obtained for the Laptev Sea shelf were used to calculate the fraction of river waters according to both the proposed model and the conventional three-component mixing model of Ostlund and Hut, 1984. A comparison of the estimates obtained by both models has shown that the application of the three-component mixing model to modified waters leads to an overestimation of the river water contribution, which can reach 20%.
Each sample of shelf waters can be processed using either a mixture-modification model or a three-component mixing model. To choose the appropriate model the special criterion is proposed. Using this criterion, the calculations of river water and melted ice contribution will be free from the unrealistic or negative values.
South Urals and Rudny Altai: a comparative paleovolcanic and metallogenic analysis
Authors: Seravkin I. B. , Kosarev A. M. 
Published: May 2019

A comparative paleovolcanic and metallogenic analysis of two massive-sulphide-bearing regions, the Southern Urals and Ore Altai, located in different parts of the Ural-Mongolian folded belt, was performed. Comparison of the geodynamic evolution of these areas, the formation and facies composition of the ore-bearing strata and types of massive-sulphide deposits has led to the conclusion that the regions are similar only in the most general terms. Fundamental differences in the structure and composition of the crust of the regions led to differences in the profile of island-arc magmatism: basaltoid in the Southern Urals and rhyolitoid in Ore Altai. This, in its turn, determined the predominant composition of massive-sulphide mineralization: copper-zinc in the first of the regions and polymetallic — in the second. Opposite tendencies in the evolution of volcanism are also characteristic: homodromic in the Southern Urals and antidromic in the Ore Altai, which resulted in a different position of the types of massive-sulphide deposits in the ore districts: the bottom-up change of copper — massive-sulphide deposits by the massive-sulphide -polymetallic in the Southern Urals and barite polymetallic by massive-sulphide polymetallic and copper- massive-sulphide in the Ore Altai. Significant differences are also in the lateral distribution patterns of mineralization: a more pronounced control of mineralization by paleovolcanic structures of the central type in the Southern Urals and the frequent position of mineralization in intermediate and remote facies of volcanism in the Ore Altai, which is reflected in the prevalence of volcanic sections in the Urals and the majority of the volcanic sections and the larger majority of the volcanic rocks in the Ore Altai, which is reflected in the prevalence of volcanic rocks in the Urals and the majority of the volcanic sections and in the Ore Altai most of the volcanic minerals and the larger majority of the mineral rocks (20–80%) in the strata containing mineralization in the Ore Altai.
Comparative geodynamics of Aleutian and Izu-Bonin-Mariana island-arc systems
Authors: Chekhovich V. D. , Sukhov A. N. , Kononov M. V. , Sheremet O. G. 
Published: May 2019

Fulfilled comparative analysis of the Aleutian and Izu-Bonin-Marian island-arc systems structure and geodynamic development. Izu-Bonin-Maian island-arc systems situated along сontinental margin of Eurasia in the West of Pacific Ocean. The Aleutian island-arc system is situated between the North American and Eurasian continents. Aleutian and Izu-Bonin-Marian island-arc systems appeared to be of the same age. Both island-arc systems form autonomous Philippine and Beringia small lithospheric plates. Izu-Bonin-Marianas island-arc system formed on exclusively geodynamic interaction of oceanic plate and back-arc basins, with the main role of the Pacific subduction. Aleutian system at the initial stage was formed as a result from separation of the part of Pacific Cretaceous crust by Aleutian subduction zone.
The subsequent process of Aleutian system development was caused by geodynamics of movement of North American and Eurasian lithospheric plates. Pacific plate constant oblique subduction led to expansion of Aleutian island-arc system in the Western direction.
Evolution of gas hydrates accumulation in zones of submarine mud volcanoes
Authors: Sobisevich A. L. , Suetnova E. I. , Zhostkov R. A. 
Published: May 2019

The article examines the processes of evolution of gas hydrate accumulations, related to submarine mud volcanoes. A mathematical model and the results of numerical modeling of the accumulation of gas hydrates in the seabed in the deep structures of underwater mud volcanoes are presented.
Numerical analysis of the influence held feeder layer depth and pressure therein to the evolution of gas hydrate saturation confined to deep water mud volcanoes were performed. Modeling quantitatively showed that hydrate saturation in areas of underwater mud volcanoes is not constant and its evolution depends on the geophysical properties of the bottom medium (temperature gradient, porosity, permeability, physical properties of sediments) and the depth of the supply reservoir and pressure in it, and the rate of hydrate accumulation in tens and hundreds times the rate of hydrate accumulation in the sedimentary basins of passive continental margin.
Modern displacement of active faults in South-Yakutian coal-bearing depression on the GPS data
Authors: Imaev V. S. , Imaeva L. P. , Аshurkov S. V. , Grib N. N. , Kolodeznikov I. I. 
Published: May 2019

For a quantitative assessment of the current horizontal velocity of the surface displacement of the crust in southern Yakutia in recent years, was organized the first and only points of permanent GPS observations in the city of Neryungri (NRG) and the city of Chulman (CHL3). Both points of observation are located within the southern margin of the Eurasian plate, near the system of active structures separating it from the Amur plate.
To estimate the relative displacement, the period of joint operation of these two GPS points was chosen, namely from June 29, 2015 to December 1, 2016. The rate of displacement of the point in Neryungri, calculated for a 5-year period (from 27.10.2011 to 01.10.2016), was 21.83±0.73 mm/year in the East-West direction and 12.26±0.25 mm/year in the North-South direction in the international reference basis ITRF2014. The obtained values differ slightly from the theoretical values of the velocity of the Eurasian lithospheric plate at the specified point. The difference of the measured velocities with velocities according to the known kinematic model of the Eurasian plate obtained in this paper is |0.5| mm/year for the Eastern component and |1.0| mm/year for the Northern one and corresponds to the assessment of other authors [Kreemer et al., 2014]. To improve the accuracy of determining the speed of horizontal displacements of the earth's crust at the station CHL3, it is necessary to continue measurements synchronous with the station NRG2.
Application of remote sensing for detection of zones of cataclastic and metasomatic rocks on the area of the Uvatsky ore cluster (Eastern Sayan)
Authors: Milovsky G. A. , Shemyakina E. M. , Belyakov A. A. 
Published: May 2019

Interpretation materials of the Russian space survey «Resource-P» (Geotone) in the visible and infrared bands made it possible to identify crush belts and faults of the northeastern, sublatitudinal and submeridional strike that determine the structural position of uranium mineralization within the Uvat ore cluster in the East Sayan. The principal possibility of using a high-resolution multi-zone space survey (3 m) for detecting metasomatically altered ore-bearing rocks of the Lower Proterozoic and Riphean-Paleozoic carbonate-terrigenous deposits was determined.
Spectroscopic multi-relaxation dielectric model of thawed and frozen arctic soils considering dependence on temperature and organic matter content
Authors: Mironov V. L. , Savin I. V. 
Published: May 2019

The article presents the temperature spectroscopic dielectric model of moist soils, developed on the basis of measurements of six thawed and frozen Arctic soils with different contents of organic matter, from 30 to 90%. This model allows predicting the complex permittivity values of moist soil, which are in good agreement with the data of dielectric measurements. The model is applicable in the frequency range from 0.05 to 15 GHz, the temperature range from –30° to +25 °C, the humidity range from 0.009 to 1.001 g/g. The model for use in remote sensing algorithms of humidity and soil temperature using space radiometric and radar sensing data can be recommended.
Variations of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere of Antarctica according to ground-based and satellite measurements
Authors: Ustinov V. P. , Baranova E. L. , Visheratin K. N. , Grachev M. I. , Kalsin A. V. 
Published: May 2019

The results of systematic (2003–2017) measurements of the total content and the volume mixing ratio of CO at Novolazarevskaya station with a spectrometer with a resolution of 0.2 cm– 1 are presented. The inverse problem of determining the total CO content, as well as interfering gases (H2O and N2O), was solved using the SFIT4 software package. Data analysis showed that over the measurement period the average total CO content at Novolazarevskaya amounted to (8 ± 2) 1017 molec/cm2, and the average volume mixing ratio amounted to (37 ± 8) ppb. The obtained data are compared with variations in the total content of CO in Arrival-Heights station, with MOPITT satellite data, as well as with surface values of CO concentration at Syova station. The maximum values of CO are observed in September, the minimum — in January–February. For all the considered series, the trends are insignificant, while there are periods of increased CO content (2010). In recent years (2014–2017) there is a tendency towards an increase in the minimum values of CO. For Novolazarevskaya and Arrival-Heights satellite data are characterized by the excess of over ground data, amounting to 19% and 14%, respectively, while there is a seasonal dependence of the deviation with the minimum in December–January. Surface measurements of the total CO content are in fairly good agreement at Novolazarevskaya and Arrival-Heights, and since 2010 the average deviation is 2.4%. The average value of the concentration of CO on Syova 51 ppb is higher than the average volume mixing ratio at Novolazarevskaya. According to the spectral, wavelet and composite analyzes, in all the considered series there are oscillations in the range of 6–45 months with closely coinciding periods and phases.
Foundations of quasiconformal analysis of a two-index scale of spatial mappings
Authors: Vodopyanov S. K. 
Published: May 2019

We define a scale of mappings that depends on two real parameters p and q, and a weight function θ. In the case of q = p = n, θ ≡ 1, we obtain the well known mappingswith bounded distortion. Mappings of a two-index scale inherit many properties of mappings with bounded distortion. They are used for solving a few problems of global analysis and applied problems.
Development of gas-turbine technologies in Russia
Authors: Petrenya Yu. K. 
Published: May 2019

Gas plays the central role in the fuel and energy balance among Russia, USA and Europe. Efficient energy use is encouraged with gas-turbine technologies, which have reached a high level of development. Russia has a great deal of gas-turbine engineering experience and scientific and industrial potential in this area, but has no national program to encourage the development of such technology. To ensure energy security and the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, to address the energy problems of the 21st century, we propose the formation of a national program for the development of gas turbines. This program would fall under the scientific and methodological guidance of the Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics and Management Processes of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Modern approaches to storage and effective processing of agricultural products for obtaining high-quality food products
Authors: Galstyan A. G. , Aksyonova L. M. , Lisitsyn A. B. , Oganesyants L. A. , Petrov A. N. 
Published: May 2019

In the modern world, the problem of providing the population with high-quality food products is reaching a critical point due to the increase in the population of the planet, mediated by an influence on the growth of food consumption; globalization processes, thereby contributing to fundamental changes in the structure and patterns of nutrition i.e., insufficiently effective principles of agricultural raw materials processing, etc.
Today, food independence is a strategic component of a country&apos;s security, which is enshrined in a number of regulatory documents, including: the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation; the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation; the Strategy for Improving the Quality of Food Products in the Russian Federation until 2030; and, others. The stated goals are: updating the priority tasks of group and individual products identification, including on biological and geographical features; unification of evaluation criteria and objective principles for expanding their field; traditional technologies transformation, the potential of which doesn&apos;t have the possibility of unlimited replication, etc.
It is predicted that the growth of production volumes, processes and consumption systems optimization will be based on the application of a number of basic principles: “lifetime” formation of raw materials composition and properties; development of highly efficient production technologies and deep processing of agricultural products; implementation of algorithms for structuring logistics, storage and processing/disposal of food and waste; increasing energy efficiency of production processes, etc. At the same time, the strategic vectors of technology development are specialized and personalized nutrition, cross-border cooperation, food quality and safety, minimization of negative environmental impact, traceability of the food chain “from field to consumer,” etc. A priori, to achieve all this it will require the introduction of widespread modern technologies, including digital ones, as well as the modernization of traditional and the creation of new methodological and process decisions.
Compositions and formation conditions of primitive magmas of the Karymsky volcanic center, Kamchatka: evidence from melt inclusions and trace-element thermobarometry
Authors: Tobelko D. P. , Portnyagin M. V. , Krasheninnikov S. P. , Grib E. N. , Plechov P. Yu. 
Published: May 2019

This paper reports the results of a study of naturally and experimentally quenched melt inclusions in magnesian olivine (Fo77–89) from a basalt sample from the Karymsky volcanic center, which is located in the middle segment of the Eastern Volcanic Front of Kamchatka. The conditions of parental magma formation were estimated using modern methods of trace-element thermometry. Based on direct H2O measurements in inclusions and thermometry of coexisting olivine and spinel, it was shown that the parent melts contained at least 4.5 wt % H2O and crystallized at a temperature of 1114 ± 27°C and an oxygen fugacity of DQFM = 1.5 ± 0.4. The obtained estimates of H2O content and crystallization temperature are among the first and currently most reliable data for the Eastern Volcanic Front of Kamchatka. The primary melt of the Karymsky volcanic center was derived from peridotitic material and could be produced by ~12–17% melting of an enriched MORB source (E-DMM) at ~1230–1250°C and ~1.5 GPa. Our estimates of mantle melting temperature beneath Kamchatka are slightly lower than values reported previously and up to 50°C lower than the dry peridotite solidus, which indicates the influence of a slab-derived hydrous melt. The combined approach to the estimation of the initial H2O content of melt employed in this study can provide a more reliable data in future investigations, and its application will probably to decrease the existing temperature estimates for the mantle wedge above subduction zones.
Conditions, consequences and prevention ways of behind-the-casing flow in deep well injection disposal of liquid waste sites
Authors: Ponizov A. V. , Vereshchagin P. M. , Chulkov N. V. , Sharaputa M. K. , Baidariko E. A. 
Published: May 2019

The main detection methods, signs, geotechnical conditions, factors and potential consequences of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) behind-the-casing flow are described in the paper. Based on the modeling results for the real LRW components behind-the-casing flow, the mechanism of behind-the-casing flows evolution in the intervals of wells with increased permeability of cement stone are presented. The concentration of LRW components in these intervals changes significantly in time and depends not only on their current concentration in the waste and the permeability of the rock, but also on the pressure gradient, the direction and absolute value of which are determined by the well operation mode and natural hydrogeological conditions. It is noted that behind-the-casing flows of groundwater and LRW components are formed primary in injection wells, above its filter and top of aquifer used for LRW disposal (operational aquifer). The behind-the-casing flows lead to technogenic changes in the geological environment, which are local in space and time, and reduce the safety of such facilities as deep-level disposal sites for LRW (DDF LRW).
The vertical channel of increased permeability around injection wells and behind-the-casing flows may be prevented by improving the design and construction materials of wells, adjustment of the LRW disposal mode and other methods, including the use of new sealing materials and clarifying technical solutions.
New method of determining types constitution of animal
Authors: Ulimbasheva M. B. , Aisanov Z. M. , Gosteva E. R. , Eljirokova Z. L. , Ulimbasheva R. A. 
Published: May 2019

A new method for determining the exterior-constitutional types based on the determination of the mass-specific coefficient (CMR) using 4 body measurements and the animal's live weight was developed and proposed according. Depending on the size of the UMK, the cows were classified into three exterior-constitutional types: loose ( 1.36 and less), intermediate (1.37-1.54) and dense (1.55 or more) types. The aim of the work was to differentiate the full-aged cows of the red steppe breed of the intra-breed type "Kubansky" (n =
146) according to the types of constitution and the study of the immunobiological status of the organism, the level of milk productivity and reproductive capacity. It was found that the highest specific gravity of cows was found in a dense body type - 46.2%, which is 11.6% higher in individuals of intermediate type and 27.0% in loose body type. The yield of cows of loose type of constitution was higher than that of other types of individuals on average by 254-335 kg (P 0.95) with an average milk yield for the experimental population - 5496 kg. At the same time, cows belonging to the loose type of constitution, produced more fat and protein milk milk, whose superiority over dense-type contemporaries was 0.11 (P 0.99) and 0.09% (P 0.999), respectively. The best preserved cows were of dense type, the production use of which was much higher than that of peers of loose type. Despite the greater yield of cows of loose type for a separate lactation, this did not provide them with an advantage in terms of lifetime productivity, they were inferior to dense animals on an average of 2109 kg of milk.