bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
α/β Hydrolases: Toward Unraveling Entangled Classification
Authors: Ozhelvaci Fatih , Steczkiewicz Kamil 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTα/β Hydrolase‐like enzymes form a large and functionally diverse superfamily of proteins. Despite retaining a conserved structural core consisting of an eight‐stranded, central β‐sheet flanked with six α‐helices, they display a modular architecture allowing them to perform a variety of functions, like esterases, lipases, peptidases, epoxidases, lyases, and others. At the same time, many α/β hydrolase‐like families, even enzymatically distinct, share a high degree of sequence similarity. This imposes several problems for their annotation and classification, because available definitions of particular α/β hydrolase‐like families overlap significantly, so the unambiguous functional assignment of these superfamily members remains a challenging task. For instance, two large and important peptidase families, namely S9 and S33, blend with lipases, epoxidases, esterases, and other enzymes unrelated to proteolysis, which hinders automatic annotations in high‐throughput projects. With the use of thorough sequence and structure analyses, we newly annotate three protein families as α/β hydrolase‐like and revise current classifications of the realm of α/β hydrolase‐like superfamily. Based on manually curated structural superimpositions and multiple sequence and structure alignments, we comprehensively demonstrate structural conservation and diversity across the whole superfamily. Eventually, after detailed pairwise sequence similarity assessments, we develop a new clustering of the α/β hydrolases and provide a set of family profiles allowing for detailed, reliable, and automatic functional annotations of the superfamily members.
Risk Factors and Prediction Model for Pressure Injuries in Patients Undergoing Da vinci Surgery
Authors: Shen Yang , Huang Peipei , Zhu Qin , Niu Shoujun , Hu Jia , Qin Wen , Dai Xiaoyun , Luo Jun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMost patients present at high risk of perioperative pressure injury. Patients may experience severe agony from pressure injuries, which can also result in potentially fatal infections and increase hospital stays and medical expenses. This is a critical issue that requires immediate attention and resolution.MethodsFrom December 2019 to August 2023, 335 patients receiving Da vinci surgery in a grade A tertiary hospital were chosen to serve as the participants, and univariate analysis and patients undergoing Da vinci surgery had their risk factors for pressure injuries screened using logistic regression analysis, and in patients having Da vinci surgery, a pressure injury risk prediction model was developed.ResultsAmong 335 patients, 195 patients acquired pressure injuries, and the results of logistic regression analysis showed that age, length of surgery, BMI, and nasogastric tube (NGT) were independent risk factors for pressure injuries (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWith great risk prediction ability, the risk prediction model for pressure injuries in patients undergoing Da vinci surgery established in this study can be used as an effective assessment tool.
A Backstepping‐Based Nonlinear Controller for Glucose‐Insulin System Dynamics in Type‐1 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Noshad Erfan , Toopchi Yashar , Abbasi Nozari Hasan , Jalil Sadati Rostami Seyed , Castaldi Paolo , Hedayati Shahrzad 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the function of the artificial pancreas, which is devised based on a dynamical backstepping approach. The Bergman's minimal model, used to describe the glucose‐insulin system, has been extended to encompass the dynamics of the insulin pump and external disturbances to closely simulate real‐world scenarios. Three techniques, namely feedback linearization, conventional backstepping, and super‐twisting sliding‐mode control, are evaluated in comparison to dynamical backstepping in the context of regulating blood glucose levels in individuals with type‐1 diabetes. In order to enhance the comparison of the controllers, we have taken into account the measurement noise and faults in the insulin pump as well. Additionally, Monte‐Carlo analysis is utilized as a practical tool to experimentally evaluate the robustness of the nonlinear controllers against measurement errors and variations in model parameters for different individuals, as would be encountered in a clinical trial. The extensive numerical simulations confirm that the dynamical backstepping method closely emulates the functionality of the natural pancreas and surpasses the super‐twisting sliding‐mode control method, the feedback linearization method, and the conventional backstepping method when faced with measurement noise, insulin pump faults, and parameter variations.
Stability Analysis and Stabilization of Fractional‐Order Systems With Distributed Delay
Authors: Chen Yi‐Nan , Lu Jun‐Guo , Zhu Zhen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the stability and stabilization problems of fractional‐order systems with distributed delays (FOSDDs). Firstly, with the frequency sweeping technique and generalized Kalman‐Yakubovi‐Popov (KYP) lemma, a novel stability condition for FOSDDs is proposed. Secondly, based on the proposed stability condition, a robust stability condition for the uncertain FOSDDs with norm‐bounded uncertainties is derived. Thirdly, based on the proposed robust stability condition, a novel stabilization condition for the uncertain FOSDDs with norm‐bounded uncertainties is obtained. Finally, several numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed results. Moreover, in the numerical examples, the comparison of the proposed results with the existing results for FOSDDs is shown to demonstrate that the obtained results are less conservative.
Discrete‐Time Integral Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Predictive Control for Dynamic Positioning Ships With Lumped Uncertainties and Input Constraints
Authors: Deng Fang , Yang Hualin , Ding Qiang , Li Boyang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a robust discrete‐time integral fast terminal sliding mode predictive control (DIFTSMPC) scheme for DP ship trajectory tracking under the consideration of unmodeled dynamics, environmental disturbance, and input constraints. An improved single closed‐loop control strategy is designed by adopting the earth‐fixed reference velocity as the virtual velocity. The improved nonlinear PID discrete‐time integral fast terminal sliding mode is designed to achieve faster convergence. The unknown nonlinear dynamics and the environmental disturbance are combined as a lumped uncertainty term and estimated using the one‐step delay observation method. Then the corrected sliding model state is optimized to track the reference sliding reaching law in the prediction horizon. The lumped uncertainty estimation is integrated into the sliding mode prediction to guarantee the robustness of the control scheme. The stability of the proposed scheme has been verified. Comparison results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority in chattering suppressing and constraint handling of the proposed scheme.
Growth of InxGa1−xAs Films on GaAs (100): Inserting an Ultrathin InxGa1−xAs Buffer Using a Surface Technology
Authors: Fang Qiuyue , Zhao Lei , Liu Yuhua , Guo Zuoxing , Han Shuang , Zhao Liang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe mechanism of the In‐catalyzed reaction of GaAs with In metal to form InxGa1−xAs was explained by comparing the interfacial reactions of metallic In and GaAs at high and low temperatures. Specifically, GaAs dissolved in In metal at the defects under the catalysis of In, and then In diffused into the GaAs crystals to replace Ga in the lattices. Based on this mechanism, a new method was developed for preparing an InxGa1−xAs buffer layer on GaAs by combining the ion‐sputtering method and annealing. The buffer layer and its effect on the quality of the epitaxial layer grown on GaAs were verified and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Hall effect measurements, and Raman scattering. The buffer layer was found to adopt the original dislocations on the GaAs surface, which prevented substrate dislocations from entering the epitaxial layer and reduced the dislocations generated due to the mismatch between the substrate and buffer layer. When the composition of the epitaxial layer is similar to that of the buffer layer, the quality of the epitaxial layer is significantly improved.
Structural Evolution of Stapes Controls the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Bimetallic Cu‐doped Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Ibáñez‐Alé Enric , Hu Jiajun , Albero Josep , Simonelli Laura , Marini Carlo , López Núria , Barrabés Noelia , García Hermenegildo , Goberna‐Ferrón Sara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLigand protected gold nanoclusters have been proposed for electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) as an alternative to polycrystalline catalysts, showing higher selectivity control due to the tailored composition and precise microenvironment. Here, two gold cluster families are studied with different staple motifs (Au25(SR)18 and Au144(SR)60, where SR = thiolate) doped with Ag or Cu to understand the interplay between the composition and the performance of these catalysts. Detailed cluster characterization and Density Functional Theory simulations demonstrate that the dynamic aspects involving ligand removal are crucial to unraveling the role of the dopant, the cluster curvature, and the staple structure. The best activity performance toward CO is obtained for Cu‐doped Au144(SR)60 at U = –0.8 VRHE as ligands are only partially depleted and the staple can bend to stabilize *CO intermediate, while Cu‐containing Au25(SR)18 can produce formate but shows worse CO selectivity. This study points toward the importance of ligand stability during eCO2R on bimetallic gold nanoclusters, paving the way for improving the design and operation of this family of catalysts.
Mapping of Internal Ionic/Electronic Transient Dynamics in Current–Voltage Operation of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: H. Balaguera Enrique , Bisquert Juan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are mixed ionic‐electronic semiconductors that involve an important and particular phenomenology that negatively affects the performance and stability of next‐generation photovoltaic devices based on such material. The ionic nature of perovskites is shown to undergo not only a simple redistribution of charges but also influences the electronic processes and ultimately the steady‐state device operation. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the internal contributions of ionic and electronic conductivities to the evolution of current during device performance experiments and to degradation losses in ageing tests is currently missing. Here the ionic‐ and electronic‐based currents are separately shown in photovoltaic perovskites by means of transient experiments, beyond the external measured response. From an advanced mathematical model, the experimental observations attributing the partial transient features to physical effects in perovskites are rationalized. It is revealed that ion‐driven surface recombination effects are a dominant factor in the slowdown of efficiency measurements and in the long‐term degradation of perovskites under operational conditions. This work contributes to tracing a more accurate physical picture of the complex energy landscape of the perovskite‐based solar cells, which will be key to taking steps toward industrialization.
Spatially Aware Domain Adaptation Enables Cell Type Deconvolution from Multi‐Modal Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics
Authors: Wang Lequn , Bai Xiaosheng , Zhang Chuanchao , Shi Qianqian , Chen Luonan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpatially Resolved Transcriptomics (SRT) offers unprecedented opportunities to elucidate the cellular arrangements within tissues. Nevertheless, the absence of deconvolution methods that simultaneously model multi‐modal features has impeded progress in understanding cellular heterogeneity in spatial contexts. To address this issue, SpaDA is developed, a novel spatially aware domain adaptation method that integrates multi‐modal data (i.e., transcriptomics, histological images, and spatial locations) from SRT to accurately estimate the spatial distribution of cell types. SpaDA utilizes a self‐expressive variational autoencoder, coupled with deep spatial distribution alignment, to learn and align spatial and graph representations from spatial multi‐modal SRT data and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data. This strategy facilitates the transfer of cell type annotation information across these two similarity graphs, thereby enhancing the prediction accuracy of cell type composition. The results demonstrate that SpaDA surpasses existing methods in cell type deconvolution and the identification of cell types and spatial domains across diverse platforms. Moreover, SpaDA excels in identifying spatially colocalized cell types and key marker genes in regions of low‐quality measurements, exemplified by high‐resolution mouse cerebellum SRT data. In conclusion, SpaDA offers a powerful and flexible framework for the analysis of multi‐modal SRT datasets, advancing the understanding of complex biological systems.
Experimental investigation and analytical model for the shear behavior of composite beams with prefabricated U‐shaped RPC permanent formworks
Authors: Wang Xinying , Ju Yanzhong , Wang Dehong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the shear performance of composite beams with prefabricated U‐shaped reactive powder concrete (RPC) permanent formworks with normal strength concrete poured inside. Three‐point bending tests were performed on eight composite beams with prefabricated U‐shaped RPC‐reinforced formworks and one reinforce concrete beam. Additional parameters, such as the stirrup spacing, shear span ratio, and inner core concrete strength, were evaluated. The test results indicated that the prefabricated U‐shaped RPC permanent formworks increased the shear capacity of the composite beams. Under the same configuration, the bending cracking load, stirrup yield load, and peak load of the composite beams increased by 51.54%, 88.02%, and 78.38%, respectively. An analytical model was proposed to predict the shear strength of composite beams with prefabricated U‐shaped RPC formwork and validated using the experimental results.
A retrospective study of the aetiology of increased mean platelet volume in dogs presented to a small animal teaching hospital in Greece
Authors: Oikonomidis Ioannis L. , Antoniadis Harris , Papathanasiou Afroditi , Tsouloufi Theodora K. , Kousi Timokleia , Kalafati Maria Rafaella , Kritsepi‐Konstantinou Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aetiology of increased mean platelet volume in dogs is currently uncertain. Our aim was to investigate the aetiology of increased mean platelet volume in dogs with and without thrombocytopenia.MethodsThe database of a teaching hospital was retrospectively searched for dogs with increased mean platelet volume (>14.4 fL) over a 3‐year period. Complete blood counts were performed with an Advia 120 analyser. Cases with incomplete medical records or belonging to breeds known to be associated with macrothrombocytopenia were excluded.ResultsSixty‐six dogs were included, with Group 1 consisting of non‐thrombocytopenic dogs (49/66, 74.2%) and Group 2 consisting of thrombocytopenic dogs (17/66, 25.8%). Diagnoses significantly differed between the two groups (p = 0.003). In Group 1, inflammatory/infectious diseases (69.4%) were the most common cause, followed by neoplastic diseases (8.2%) and diabetes mellitus (6.1%). Dogs in Group 2 were diagnosed with either inflammatory/infectious diseases (50.0%) or neoplastic diseases (50.0%). The small sample size‐ and a potential delayed haematological analysis of some of the blood samples, could have artifactually affected the mean platelet volume.ConclusionsIn dogs with thrombocytopenia and increased mean platelet volume, inflammatory/infectious or neoplastic diseases should be considered. In non‐thrombocytopenic dogs, increased mean platelet volume is primarily associated with inflammatory/infectious diseases, with neoplasia and diabetes mellitus being infrequent causes.
The Hidden Global Diversity of the Yeast Genus Carlosrosaea: A Biodiversity Databases Perspective
Authors: Félix Ciro Ramon , Navarro Hector M. C. , Landell Melissa Fontes 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBiodiversity gaps in microorganisms, such as yeasts, blur our understanding of microbial diversity, introducing biases in their biogeography, ecology, and taxonomy. The genus Carlosrosaea is a potential plant growth booster, yet it is still a little‐known yeast group. Considering that databases like GBIF and GenBank are powerful tools for exploring biodiversity data, we aimed to map the geographic distribution, ecological patterns, and taxonomic potential of the genus Carlosrosaea. We found 176 records of the genus, with about 70% associated with plant material, mostly leaves. Furthermore, 55% of the records pertained to the tropical region and only 12% to the temperate. The data indicates the existence of more than a dozen possible new species of the genus, cataloged yet undescribed. This study advances our understanding of the geographic, ecological, and taxonomic aspects of Carlosrosaea. It also highlights how public databases and literature reviews provide accessible ways to analyze information about microbial groups with limited data.
Integrated correlators in a $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SYM theory with fundamental flavors: a matrix-model perspective
Authors: Billò M. , Frau M. , Lerda A. , Pini A. , Vallarino P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The D theory is a $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 conformal SYM theory in four dimensions with gauge group SU(N), four matter hypermultiplets in the fundamental and two in the anti-symmetric representation, and a flavor symmetry that contains a U(4) factor. Its holographic dual is obtained via a combination of orbifold and orientifold projections from Type II B string theory on AdS5 × S5 and possesses a sector of open strings attached to D7 branes with U(4) Chan-Paton factors. The AdS Veneziano amplitude of the U(4) gluons is dual to four-point correlators of moment-map operators of the U(4) flavor symmetry in the D theory. An integrated version of these correlators is captured by a deformation of the D theory in which the fundamental hypermultiplets acquire a mass. The partition function of this massive theory can be evaluated with matrix-model techniques using localization. In this paper we analyze the matrix model of the mass-deformed D theory arising from localization using the so-called “full Lie algebra” approach in a 1/N expansion. In particular, we study the partition function and its mass derivatives up to O(1/N2) corrections obtaining exact expressions that are valid for all values of the ’t Hooft coupling. We also analyze their behavior at strong coupling where our results produce useful constraints on the dual open string scattering amplitudes in AdS.
The concealed side of caspases: beyond a killer of cells
Authors: Abdelghany Lina , Sillapachaiyaporn Chanin , Zhivotovsky Boris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSince the late 20th century, researchers have known that caspases are a pillar of cell death, particularly apoptosis. However, recent advances in cell biology have unraveled the multiple roles of caspases. These enzymes have an unconventional role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and invasion. As a result, caspase deregulation can fuel the fire of cancer, incite flames of inflammation, flare neurodegenerative disorders, and exacerbate skin pathologies. Several therapeutic approaches toward caspase inhibition have been investigated, but can caspase inhibitors harness the maladaptive effect of these proteases without causing significant side effects? A few studies have exploited caspase induction for cancer or adoptive cell therapies. Here, we provide a compelling picture of caspases, starting with their evolution, their polytomous roles beyond cell death, the flaws of their deregulation, and the merits of targeting them for therapeutic implications. Furthermore, we provide a deeper understanding of the evolution of caspase-related research up to the current era, pinpointing the role of caspases in cell survival and aiding in the development of effective caspase-targeted therapies.
Graphical Abstract
Vergleichende Bewertung der spongiösen Knochendichte in Hounsfield-Einheiten im lumbalen nativen CT-Schnittbild zur Osteoporosediagnostik und Frakturrisikobestimmung durch verschiedene Untersucher
Authors: Andresen Julian Ramin , Schröder Guido , Haider Thomas , Kopetsch Christoph , Kullen Claus Maximilian , Schober Hans Christof , Andresen Reimer 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Ein zunehmender Verlust an Knochenmineralgehalt (KMG) am Achsenskelett führt zu einer Osteoporose und Frakturen, wobei sich thorakal und thorakolumbal eine Häufung findet.

Fragestellung
Inwieweit eine untersucherunabhängige Abschätzung zum Ausmaß einer Osteoporose und Frakturrisikobestimmung mittels spongiöser Dichtebestimmung in Hounsfield-Einheiten (HU) in der Wirbelsäule möglich ist, sollte überprüft werden. Lassen sich aus den HU-Werten quantitative KMG-Werte berechnen, war die nächste Frage.

PatientInnen und Methode
Es wurden 225 PatientInnen (Pat.) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 64,9 ± 13,1 Jahren und einem Body-Mass-Index (BMI) von 26,8 ± 6,8 kg/m2, hiervon 37 Männer und 188 Frauen, mit der Frage nach dem Vorhandensein einer Osteoporose untersucht. Eine Bestimmung des KMG in mg/cm3 erfolgte mittels quantitativer Computertomographie (QCT) im lumbalen Bereich. Es erfolgte nach Anonymisierung durch drei erfahrene Radiologen eine zusätzliche Messung der Spongiosadichte in HU in denselben Wirbelköpern (insgesamt 675 Wirbelkörper), jeweils durch eine im mittvertebralen spongiösen Raum positionierte „region of interest“ (ROI) im sagittal reformierten CT-Schnittbild. In zusätzlich durchgeführten lateralen Röntgenaufnahmen der Brust- (BWS) und Lendenwirbelsäule (LWS) erfolgte die Detektion und Gradeinteilung von Wirbelkörperfrakturen. Zur gleichen Zeit aufgetretene Sakruminsuffizienzfrakturen wurden miterfasst.

Ergebnisse
Der mediane KMG betrug 73,2 (57,05–104,17) mg/cm3 und der mediane HU 89,93 (67,90–126,95). Bei einer Korrelation von 0,988 (p < 0,001) lassen sich nach der Formel: Xq = 12,1 + 0,68 × HU quantitative Werte in mg/cm3 errechnen. Bei HU-Werten < 69,84 und einem KMG der LWS unterhalb von 59,54 mg/cm3 fanden sich signifikant vermehrte OWF. Bei 137/225 Pat. fanden sich mindestens eine OWF. Bei 17/137 Pat. fanden sich zusätzlich Sakrumfrakturen, diese Pat. zeigten mit einem medianen KMG von 41,81 (16,2–53,7) mg/cm3 die signifikant niedrigsten Werte. Unabhängig von den Untersuchern wurden vergleichbare HU-Werte bestimmt (p > 0,05).

Diskussion
Die spongiösen Dichtemessungen in HU-Werten lassen sich in quantitative KMG-Werte in mg/cm3 umrechnen, womit eine gute Abschätzung einer Osteoporose und Frakturrisikobestimmung möglich wird. Unter Berücksichtigung der gewonnenen Ergebnisse erscheint eine opportunistische Auswertung allein mittels HU-Werten im nativen CT gut möglich. Hierbei kommen erfahrene Untersucher zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen.

Graphic abstract