bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random Wave Energy Conversion of a Spar–Floater System via the Inerter Pendulum Vibration Absorber Integration
Authors: Li Guoxin , Tai Wei-Che 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Incorporating wave energy converters (WECs) into existing oceanographic instrument systems and offshore floating platforms can not only enhance the performance of these applications but reduce operational expenses. This article studies a system integrating a floater WEC with a floating spar platform via the inerter pendulum vibration absorber with a power take-off (IPVA-PTO) mechanism, with a focus on random wave excitation. Experiments and simulations performed on a simplified system in which the WEC is held fixed and radiation damping is absent reveal that the power spectral density (PSD) of the system consists of odd-order superharmonics when the peak frequency of wave excitation is equal to the natural frequency of the system. It is found that the odd-order superharmonics are created by the IPVA and have a strong correlation with an enhancement in power output. Simulations without the aforementioned simplifications confirm the odd-order superharmonics and the correlation, and demonstrate an improvement in the capture width ratio (CWR) of 161.4% at resonance without compromising the response amplitude operator (RAO) of the spar, in comparison with a linear benchmark with optimal electrical damping.
Inactivation of deposited bioaerosols on food contact surfaces with UV-C light emitting diode devices
Authors: Sharma Aakash , Singh Amritpal , Pendyala Brahmaiah , Balamurugan Sampathkumar , Patras Ankit 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The airborne transmission of infectious diseases and bioaerosol-induced cross-contamination pose significant challenges in the food, dairy, and pharma industries. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 279 nm UV-C LED irradiation for decontaminating bioaerosols, specifically containing microorganisms such as
Escherichia coli
(C3040- Kanamycin resistant),
Salmonella
Enteritidis (ATCC 4931), and
Pseudomonas fragi
(ATCC 4973), on food contact surfaces. Borosilicate glass, silicon rubber, and stainless steel (316L) surfaces were selected for experimentation for their usage in the food industry. A 50 µL cell suspension was aerosolized at 25 psi pressure using a 4-jet BLAM Nebulizer within a customized glass chamber and then deposited onto the surface of the coupons. The serial dilution approach was used for the microbial enumeration, followed by duplicate plating. With a low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and high
R
2
values, the biphasic kinetic model for UV-C inactivation curves of all three pathogens demonstrated the excellent goodness of fit parameters. At a UV-C dose of 6 mJ cm
−2
, glass surfaces showed the maximum microbial inactivation (i.e., 2.80, 3.81, and 3.56 log CFU/mL for
E. coli
,
Salmonella
, and
P. fragi
, respectively). Stainless steel and silicon rubber surfaces showed significant microbial inactivation, but log
10
reductions observed were consistently lower than glass surface. Our research indicates that UV-C LEDs (279 nm) can effectively disinfect bioaerosols on food contact surfaces.

IMPORTANCE

Food safety is a major public health concern, with contaminated food causing serious illnesses. UV-C light, used for germicidal action, is effective in disinfecting surfaces and is not subject to the same strict legal restrictions as chemical disinfectants, simplifying compliance with food safety regulations. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of UV-C (279 nm) LED systems for inactivation of surface-deposited bioaerosols of kanamycin-resistant
Escherichia coli
(C3040),
Salmonella
Enteritidis (ATCC 4931), and
Pseudomonas fragi
(ATCC 4973). The research outcomes can be used to develop UV-based surface disinfection systems to minimize the risk of foodborne illnesses and enhance safety in high-traffic food preparation areas.
Insights into the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in plant-virus interactions
Authors: Secco Nicola , Sheikh Arsheed H. , Hirt Heribert 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common and dynamic epitranscriptomic modification in eukaryotic RNAs, affecting stability, splicing, translation, and degradation. Recent technological advancements have revealed the complex nature of m6A modifications, highlighting their importance in plant and animal species. The m6A modification is a reversible process, with “writers” depositing methylation, “erasers” demethylating it, and “reader” proteins recognizing m6A and executing various biological functions. Studying the relationship between m6A methylation and viral infection is crucial. Animal viruses, including retroviruses, RNA viruses, and DNA viruses, often employ the host’s m6A machinery to replicate or avoid immune responses. In plant viruses, host methyltransferases or demethylases can stabilize or degrade viral RNA, depending on the virus-host interaction. Additionally, viral infections can modify the host’s m6A machinery, impacting the viral life cycle. This review examines the role of m6A modifications in plant viral pathogenesis, focussing on RNA viruses infecting crops like alfalfa, turnip, wheat, rice, and potato. Understanding the role of m6A in virus-host interactions can aid in studying plant viral disease development and discovering novel antiviral targets for crop protection. In this review, we summarize current information on m6A in RNA biology, focussing on its function in viral infections and plant-virus interactions.
On the relationship between the uppermost mantle (≤220 km) seismic velocity, crustal thickness, and topography in Tibet
Authors: Rowley David B. , Liu Chujie , Grand Stephen P. , Liang Xiaofeng , Sandvol Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We propose that the mantle lithospheric density and crustal thickness are correlated in such a way as to produce a flat Tibetan Plateau. We observe that the mantle lithosphere is relatively uniform beneath the Himalaya and southern and central Tibet, despite a near doubling of crustal thickness relative to India. Farther north, cratonic mantle lithosphere disappears over large regions of north-central Tibet, giving rise to large lateral variations in uppermost mantle Vs anomalies (&gt;12%) that are uncorrelated with changes in surface elevation but are closely related to changes in crustal thickness. This decoupling of surface topography from spatial variations in upper mantle seismic velocity, and assumed buoyancy, implies that Tibetan topography is controlled by a crust-mantle interaction that is able to maintain its near constant elevation. This crust-mantle interaction is likely driven by gravitational potential energy with a very weak crust. Magmatism, with ages of ca. 20 Ma to Present, spatially correlated with this region with no sub-Moho mantle lithosphere implies destabilization of mantle lithosphere in northern Tibet. Cratonic Indian underthrusting for the past 25 m.y. has also not led to significant topography in the plateau through time. The magmatism may have helped weaken the crust, allowing it to respond to changes in uppermost mantle buoyancy, resulting in a flat plateau.
Colloidal gold dispersions in orogenic gold from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa
Authors: La Cock Rutger A. , von der Heyden Bjorn P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The mechanisms of gold grain growth, as a necessary precursor to gold hyper-accumulation and the formation of high-grade ore deposits, remain equivocal. This is particularly true for orogenic gold deposits where primary growth textures may be poorly preserved due to episodic fault re-activations during successive seismic events. A sample collected from the Fairview Mine in the Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa) and subjected to non-destructive SELFRAG sample preparation and subsequent scanning electron microscopy provides rare capture of images of millimeter-scale gold grains associated with dispersed spheroidal gold colloids and nanoparticles (&lt;5 nm to &gt;1 µm diameter). Although the ultimate provenance of these gold spheroids remains equivocal, textural evidence suggests a net addition of mass to the adjacent gold grains. We suggest that Ostwald ripening (a process of particle growth or coarsening by diffusion) and coalescence may contribute to gold grain growth in this sample.
A dendritic growth mechanism for producing oscillatory zoning in igneous zircon
Authors: Gillespie Jack , Klein Benjamin Z. , Moore Jo , Müntener Othmar , Baumgartner Lukas P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The concentric oscillatory zoning pattern of igneous zircon is generally interpreted as evidence for core to rim growth during magmatic crystallization. This interpretation anchors a wide variety of qualitative and quantitative studies of zircon age, chemistry, and texture. We show, via detailed trace element mapping, that euhedral magmatic zircon with apparently typical cathodoluminescence oscillatory zoning instead displays evidence of dendritic growth. This observation challenges the unique interpretation of oscillatory zoning in zircon. Dendritic growth occurs under conditions of substantial undercooling, resulting in disequilibrium trace element concentrations in the zircon. Geochronological and geochemical analyses of zircon with this type of growth history require a different interpretative framework, with implications for time scales of magmatic and volcanic systems.
Clinical study of a micro-implantable pulse generator for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain: 12-month results from the COMFORT-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hatheway John , Hersel Alexander , Engle Mitchell , Gutierrez Genaro , Khemlani Vishal , Kapural Leonardo , Moore Gregory , Ajakwe Reginald , Trainor Drew , Hah Jennifer , Staats Peter S , Makous James , Heit Gary , Kottalgi Shilpa , Desai Mehul J 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThere is paucity of data from randomized controlled trials supporting the use of peripheral nerve stimulation, a well-established therapy for the treatment of chronic pain. This study was undertaken, in part, to provide randomized controlled trial data in support of patient access to appropriate peripheral nerve stimulation therapy. The COMFORT study is the first large, postmarket, multicenter randomized controlled trials investigating the use of a Food and Drug Administration-cleared micro-implantable pulse generator (IPG) for treating chronic pain via peripheral nerve stimulation therapy.MethodsConsented, eligible subjects were randomized to either the active arm, which received peripheral nerve stimulation and conventional medical management, or the control arm, which received conventional medical management alone and were allowed to cross over to the active arm, after 3 months. Pain and patient-reported outcomes were captured. Therapy responders were subjects who achieved at least a 50% reduction in pain scores compared with baseline. We are reporting the 12-month results of this 36-month study.ResultsAt 12 months, the responder rate was 87% with a 69% average reduction in pain compared with baseline (7.5±1.2 to 2.3±1.7; p<0.001). Statistical significance was achieved for all patient-reported outcomes. There was an excellent safety profile with no serious adverse device effects or reports of pocket pain. A majority of subjects used unique programming options and found this device easy to use and comfortable to wear.ConclusionsThese 12-month results are consistent with previously reported 6-month outcomes from this study, showing durability of peripheral nerve stimulation treatment with the micro-IPG system; subjects realized sustained large reduction in pain and improvement in patient-reported outcomes following treatment with this micro-IPG system.Trial registration numberNCT05287373.
DC and RF Performance Optimization of Source Pocket Designed Hybrid-Dielectric Vertical Nanowire Tunnel-FET: Low Power Perspective
Authors: Macherla Swaroop Kumar , Goel Ekta , Singh Ashish Kumar , Pandey Archana 
Published: November 2024

This article addresses a new source pocket designed hybrid-dielectric vertical nanowire tunnel-FET (SP-HD-VNW-TFET). The existence of a source pocket at the source and channel boundary is shown such that the potential barrier at the tunnel-junction is minimized which causes ON current to rise. This article studied a comparison between a SP-HD-VNW-TFET device and source pocket vertical nanowire tunnel field effect transistor (SP-VNW_TFET). Using a hetero/hybrid-dielectric material boosts the electric field, resulting in higher tunneling current (1.72 × 10−6 A μm−1). The device has undergone detailed investigation of both DC and AC characteristics like On-current, Off-current, ION/IOFF, Subthreshold-swing, VT, gm, fT, GWB, and TFP. Source Pocket engineering and Hybrid dielectric inclusion increase device properties, including on-current and subthreshold swing (SS). The device’s electrical properties have been evaluated and compared using the Sentaurus TCAD Tool.
The Effect of Digital Competence on Nurses’ Career Sustainability: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Zhao Shuang , Shao Yujiao , Duan Xiaocui , Sun Ping , Chen Lingling , Wang Fei , Yuan Changjiang , Yang Xiumu 
Published: November 2024

Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between digital competence (DC), nurses’ career sustainability (CS), and the moderating role of family‐supportive supervisory behavior.Background: Nurses’ CS is crucial in promoting medical digital transformation in China. Thus, clarifying the influencing factors of nurses’ CS has become a priority.Methods: This cross‐sectional investigation was carried out in Anhui Province, China. Eight hundred and fifty‐four nurses received self‐administered questionnaires, which included the Digital Competence Questionnaire, Career Self‐Efficacy Scale, Career Sustainability Scale, and Family‐Supportive Supervisory Behavior Scale. A hierarchical regression analysis was used to test a hypothesized model.Results: Nurses’ CS is significantly predicted by DC (r = 0.52, p < 0.01), and career self‐efficacy (CSE) mediates this association (β = 0.682, p < 0.01). In addition, family‐supportive supervisor behavior (FSSB) moderates the relationship between DC and CSE (β = 0.146, p < 0.01).Conclusions: Our study investigates the positive impact of DC on nurses’ CS at both the individual and organizational levels, identifies potential boundary conditions, and advances theoretical research on nurses’ CS while providing a solid foundation for developing effective strategies to improve nurses’ CS.Implications for Nursing Management: Hospital managers and leaders should focus on organizational support for nurses and their families, formulate intervention measures to increase nurses’ DC and CSE, and improve their CS.
Rescue Stenting for Failed Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusions: Analysis of the PC-SEARCH Registry
Authors: Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Rodriguez-Calienes Aaron , Mierzwa Adam T. , Galecio-Castillo Milagros , Dibas Mahmoud , Al Kasab Sami , Nelson Ashley , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Desai Shashvat , Toth Gabor , Alrohimi Anas , Abdalkader Mohamad , Klein Piers , Nguyen Thanh N. , Salahuddin Hisham , Pandey Aditya , Koduri Sravanthi , Vora Niraj , Aladamat Nameer , Gharaibeh Khaled , Afreen Ehad , Zaidi Syed , Jumaa Mouhammad 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
We aimed to investigate whether rescue stenting (RS) following failed mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute basilar artery occlusion results in superior functional outcomes and enhanced safety compared with the natural history of failed MT.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Evaluation: Analyzing Radiographic and Intra-Procedural Predictors for Mechanical Thrombectomy registry, encompassing 8 high-volume centers in the United States and covering the period from 2015 to 2021. Patients with basilar artery occlusion who experienced failed MT (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 0–2a after at least 1 attempt of clot retrieval) were categorized based on whether they received additional intervention with RS. The primary outcome was a shift analysis of the 90-day modified Rankin Scale. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess both efficacy and safety outcomes.

RESULTS:

Of a total of 444 patients, 119 presented failed MT and were included in the analysis. The RS group comprised 65 (14.6%) patients, while the control group consisted of 54 (12.2%) patients. After adjusting, the RS group showed a favorable shift in the overall 90-day modified Rankin Scale distribution (adjusted common odds ratio, 4.56 [95% CI, 1.67–12.45];
P
=0.003) and higher rates of 90-day 0 to 3 modified Rankin Scale score (RS: 44.6% versus control: 18.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 7.57 [95% CI, 1.91–30.12];
P
=0.004) compared with the control group. RS also showed lower rates of 90-day mortality (RS: 43.1% versus control: 64.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.09–0.80];
P
=0.018) and comparable rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (RS: 3.1% versus control: 13%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.05–1.95];
P
=0.214).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study demonstrated that RS is associated with improved functional outcomes and reduced mortality in basilar artery occlusion patients presenting MT failure. Further randomized trials are needed to validate these findings.
Globalization, Immigrant-Origin Students & the Quest for Educational Equity
Authors: Suárez-Orozco Carola , Suárez-Orozco Marcelo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Globalization has come to define the modern world. Originally venerated as a force that would bring humanity to the peak of its flourishing through economic integration and positive cross-cultural exchange, globalization has deepened economic inequities, driven the dangerous degradation of the environment, and destabilized regions over fights for resources. Migration, a natural response to this precarity, has swelled, making the children of immigrants a growing, key demographic in schools across many high- and middle-income countries. The resilience, flexible thinking, and multilingualism of immigrant-origin students make them valuable community members in our globalized world. However, their schools are not always equipped to meet their psychosocial needs. While the current primary focus on language acquisition is an important foundation for supporting these students, an equitable whole-child approach is necessary to address their unique challenges and create an environment in which they can flourish.
Migration & the Quest for Educational Equity in Germany
Authors: Georgi Viola B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Germany has undergone a significant transformation from a nation that saw itself as culturally homogeneous to a society characterized by diversity and immigration. The education system, however, continues to struggle to meet the needs of children and young people from diverse backgrounds. This manifests in forms of unequal treatment and discrimination that impede the effective integration and education of students from different ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and religious groups. This is particularly true for students from nonacademic, low-socioeconomic status backgrounds, as well as for students from immigrant families: categories that frequently overlap. However, there are promising educational interventions and initiatives that address issues of democracy, diversity, and equal opportunity in schools. I provide an overview of select issues in the production and reproduction of inequality in the German school system and in everyday teaching practices, with a focus on including students of immigrant origin.
Multicultural Education in Nigeria
Authors: Obiakor Festus E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nigeria is the most populous Black nation in the world and richest nation in Africa. It has multiple tribes, cultures, languages, religions, and values. It gained its independence from British colonial rule on October 1, 1960. Even with independence, colonialism has had aftereffects that have exacerbated sociocultural maladies such as tribalism, religious fanaticism, massive corruption, military coups, and devastating conflicts (like the 1967-1970 Biafra-Nigeria War, which took millions of lives). While education is a powerful tool in socioeconomic and political developments, it has not been philosophically changed to respond to the cultural, linguistic, and religious diversities of Nigeria's citizenry. Can an adequate educational foundation be instituted without valuing the multicultural strengths of Nigeria? Can Nigeria's progress be advanced without paradigm and power shifts in the education of all students? Can Nigerians 'freedoms be equalized without respect for all tribes? Nigeria must foster multicultural education to advance itself at all levels.
Disrupted Institutional Pathways for Educational Equity in Conflict-Affected Nations
Authors: Akar Bassel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Areas and systems affected by compounded crises, protracted conflicts, and structural violence often struggle to reform education for social reconstruction. At the forefront, we observe tireless and ambitious ventures among donor agencies, government institutions, and international and local organizations. However, in many of these cases, we also witness deepening political gridlock, stagnation, and marginalization that undermine the progress of an empowering education for citizenship that upholds principles of human rights. Causal factors to these institutional failures are often either overlooked, redacted, or undocumented in research. Evidence from Morocco, Iraqi Kurdistan, and, most of all, Lebanon illustrates the extent to which governance systems in education can either hinder or even prevent equity in education.
Predicting Human Translation Difficulty with Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Lim Zheng Wei , Vylomova Ekaterina , Kemp Charles , Cohn Trevor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Human translators linger on some words and phrases more than others, and predicting this variation is a step towards explaining the underlying cognitive processes. Using data from the CRITT Translation Process Research Database, we evaluate the extent to which surprisal and attentional features derived from a Neural Machine Translation (NMT) model account for reading and production times of human translators. We find that surprisal and attention are complementary predictors of translation difficulty, and that surprisal derived from a NMT model is the single most successful predictor of production duration. Our analyses draw on data from hundreds of translators operating across 13 language pairs, and represent the most comprehensive investigation of human translation difficulty to date.
Peng Chun Chang and the Justification for Human Rights in East Asia
Authors: O’Dwyer Shaun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper reviews recent scholarship on P.C. (Peng Chun) Chang’s pivotal roles as a Confucian and diplomat in the drafting of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights to argue that he articulated a pioneering Confucian justification for human rights, distinctive from then-influential Western, Christian justifications. However, it also argues that theorizing the human rights advocacy of mid-20th-century Confucians like Chang does not suffice on its own to advance the compatibilist case for Confucianism and human rights, especially when it is recalled how Chang’s advocacy was forgotten. Relative to the influential human rights advocacy of East Asian churches, Confucianism also suffers from a reputational deficit in East Asian human rights thought due to its lack of civic visibility and its negative associations with developmental authoritarianisms in East Asia. The paper concludes that Confucians aiming for a more authoritative Confucian advocacy of human rights must also acknowledge and confront this reputational deficit.