bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes Following Peripheral Nerve Transfers for Treatment of Non-Obstetric Brachial Plexus Upper-Extremity Neuropathy
Authors: Rinkinen Jacob R. , Giladi Aviram M. , Iorio Matthew L. 
Published: April 2018

* Interposition nerve grafting and tendon transfer lead to suboptimal functional and sensory recovery after proximal upper-extremity nerve injuries. Techniques to treat proximal nerve injuries are evolving, with growing use of distal nerve transfers to reduce recovery delay and achieve reinnervation before permanent muscle loss.* Patients undergoing distal nerve transfer for treatment of peripheral nerve pathology have improved functional results compared with patients who undergo traditional nerve grafting and tendon transfer.* Factors influencing outcomes following peripheral nerve surgical procedures include length of time since injury, compressive pathology, type of nerve injured, and specific transfer technique.* There are multiple techniques of distal nerve transfers. We provide outcomes-based guidance in deciding among the different treatment modalities available for patients who present with mononeuropathies.
Rethinking Fracturing at the Point of Attack
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: April 2018

Paul Weddle describes himself as a “perforation geek.” The completion manager for Liberty Resources is among a small group that has an obsessive interest in all the details that can alter the performance of the openings blasted through casing, cement, and into rock during hydraulic fracturing.
The shaped charges that create circular openings with amazing force are a well-established technology that gets little notice so long as the guns go off as planned. But Weddle is among a few who see perforations as the point of attack for raising fracturing performance.
At the recent SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference, Liberty reported completions in North Dakota that routinely stimulated more than 12 of 15 clusters, resulting in wells producing 1.7 to 2.5 times more than comparable wells (SPE 189880). By changing the way perforations were used, the operator was able to reduce the number of stages to 27 along a 9,500-ft lateral, which it estimates saved 15% on its finding and developing costs per barrel.
It stimulated those stages, which are about 350 ft long, with 15 clusters of perforations, with two perforations in each. This represents a significant break from the standard design of four or five clusters each with as many as six perforations. Since the tests reported in the paper, Weddle said Liberty has “gone all in on it.”
ConocoPhillips is working on designs with as many as 10 clusters per stage and two or three perforations per cluster, with all of them located at the top of casing, said Dave Cramer, a senior engineering fellow in completions for ConocoPhillips.
More clusters per stage allow operators to fracture longer wells without the cost of added stages, but Liberty and ConocoPhillips have not had a lot of company.
“I would say these ideas are not yet common to the industry, but at least a few operators and service companies are thinking about them,” said Robert Barree, president of Barree & Associates. The fracturing consultant said that “15 clusters are a lot. Most people are at the five to eight level … and some are at three.”
Grouping clusters with many perforations would seem to offer safety in numbers. The hard part about what is new is the old problem of directing a sufficiently strong stream of water into many small holes spread out along a long horizontal wellbore. Tight clusters of perforations can add stress that can interfere with fracture growth.
Liberty’s method depends on its ability to limit the fluid into each of the perforations to ensure that the high-pressure flow is distributed equally enough to stimulate most of the perforations. Liberty’s new method, called eXtreme Limited Entry (XLE), is based on work going back decades, including a paper in 1987 by Cramer (SPE 16189) on limited entry fracturing.
Technology Focus: Offshore Drilling and Completion (April 2018)
Authors: Rylance Martin 
Published: April 2018

Technology Focus
On occasion, there is a tendency to equate new advances in automation and intelligent systems with an inevitable workforce reduction, to an extent that people can begin to resist their application. However, as we all know from our own oilfield experiences, intelligent systems require well-prepared and creative engineers to deliver a successful and economic outcome and a synergetic relationship enhances the business and opportunity set as a whole.
These technology advances offer a newer dimension to those options for qualified engineers to select, develop, and apply effective applications to ever-more-complex issues. As the resources that the industry develops become increasingly challenging, access to a broader range of options and new and developing approaches allows more-efficient and -effective recovery.
This month, I have selected a suite of papers that considers intelligent systems, all clearly demonstrating that these approaches are becoming increasingly mainstream in their selection and use. All the papers presented and suggested here demonstrate that the equipment, the techniques, or the systems alone cannot deliver the solutions. Instead, the systematic and innovative ways considered in their applications are responsible.
In time, the use of intelligent and automated systems will mature further into just another set of tools that the engineering community uses with increasing frequency to deliver the most-efficient development solutions. When that occurs, the industry preoccupation will have moved on to the next wave of innovations, technologies, and advancements, which no doubt will raise new and specific challenges.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
OTC 28103 Intelligent Completions Used During Extended Well Test of Exploratory Wells in Brazil by L. Costa, Halliburton, et al.
OTC 27748 The Qualification Methodology Behind an Integrated Multizone Frac-Pack and Intelligent Completion for the Lower Tertiary by R. Jannise, Halliburton, et al.
SPE 187071 Real-Time Downhole Measurements During Deepwater Frac-Pack Completions in the Gulf of Mexico by A. Hawthorn, XACT Downhole Telemetry, et al.
Ultradeep-Field Study: Extreme-Underbalanced HP/HT Coiled-Tubing-Conveyed Perforating
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: April 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 186948, “Extreme-Underbalanced High-Pressure/High-Temperature Coiled-Tubing-Conveyed Perforating: KN Ultradeep-Field Study,” by Miguel Rosato, Mohd Farris Bakar, and Fadzliana Azmi, Petronas, prepared for the 2017 SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Bali, Indonesia, 17–19 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
At an initial stage in a project to carry out the first high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) field development offshore Malaysia, a locally conventional initial design considered the use of coiled-tubing-conveyed perforating (CTCP) to perforate a 7-in. liner and then to complete the well in open hole with overbalanced completion fluid. This solution posed several challenges that would have affected the safety of the completion process and the future integrity of the well architecture. A different approach, in which a fully cased hole well was completed in underbalance and then perforated once the completion was installed and tested, was used by the operator for the first time.
Introduction
The KN field is located west/northwest of Labuan offshore Sabah. The operator has been tasked to develop the KN ultradeep HP/HT reservoir (pressures exceeding 12,000 psi, temperature exceeding 300°F). The well production-casing envelope consisted of a single 10¾-×10⅛-×9⅞-in. production casing, while the reservoir section was drilled and then covered with a 7-in. production liner. This liner was cemented, secured at the top with a liner hanger, and secured at the bottom with a bridge plug.
Once these barriers were installed, the next operation in the well was to run a wellbore-cleanup assembly with a scraper, brushes, magnets, and an inflow-test packer. After wellbore cleanup, the drillpipe volume was displaced with inhibited fresh water, an initial inflow test was conducted, and, then, after good indication of well integrity, the well was displaced completely to inhibited fresh water. Immediately, an extended inflow test was conducted. At the time of the inflow test, the well was in an underbalanced condition of 6,000 psi at total depth. Fig. 1 shows the results.
Completion Design
The completion philosophy for the ultradeep well was a single completion string to be run in the closed well immediately after the wellbore-cleanup tools were out of the hole. After running the completion, the following operations were performed:
Setting the tubing hanger
Setting the production packer
Pressure testing the production packer from above and below
Nippling down the blowout preventer (BOP)
Nippling up the tree
Function and pressure testing the wellhead system
In the case of this well, these operations were conducted safely and within the allocated time and cost as per the approval for expenditure.
Prawa człowieka w polityce zagranicznej Unii Europejskiej – aspekty prawne
Authors: Miedzińska Iwona 
Published: April 2018

Przedmiotem artykułu są zagadnienia prawne związane z prawami człowieka w unijnej polityce zagranicznej. Unia Europejska („UE”) promuje poszanowanie praw człowieka nie tylko w państwach członkowskich, ale również w swoich działaniach zewnętrznych – stosunkach z państwami trzecimi i organizacjami międzynarodowymi. Zgodnie z art. 21 Traktatu o Unii Europejskiej, działania UE na arenie międzynarodowej oparte są na zasadach: demokracji, państwa prawnego, powszechności i niepodzielności praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności, poszanowania godności ludzkiej, zasad równości i solidarności oraz poszanowania zasad Karty Narodów Zjednoczonych i prawa międzynarodowego. Do głównych instrumentów realizacji celów UE w dziedzinie praw człowieka należy zaliczyć: przyjmowanie wytycznych polityki UE w zakresie kluczowych problemów dotyczących praw człowieka, włączanie problematyki praw człowieka i demokratyzacji do wszystkich aspektów związanych z podejmowaniem przez UE decyzji politycznych i ich wdrażaniem, w tym do pomocy zewnętrznej, włączanie klauzuli dotyczącej praw człowieka i demokracji do umów zewnętrznych zawieranych przez UE oraz europejski instrument na rzecz demokracji i praw człowieka.
PENGGUNAAN SELULOSA-DIETILENTRIAMINA SEBAGAI LAPISAN PENGIKAT LOGAM Cu(II) DENGAN METODE GRADIEN DIFUSI DALAM FILM TIPIS
Authors: Khairuddin Khairuddin , Puspitasari Dwi Juli 
Published: April 2018

This researh aims to application of cellulose-diethylenetriamine as a binding layer on the diffusive gradients in thin films method with modification of cellulose with diethylenetriamine. The method of diffusive gradients in thin films in principle uses a simple instrument such as round plastic with a diameter of 2.5 cm, which is filled with metal binding gel, diffusive gel, and membrane filter of 0.45 µm. The metal ions were diffuse through the membrane filter and diffusive gel according to the Fick's Law I, and then is accumulated in the binding layer gel. Based on the results of FTIR analysis, the formation of the binders of the copper ions at the binding layer of cellulose-dietilentriamina involves amine and hydroxyl functional groups.The results of the application of cellulose- diethylenetriamine using as binding layer with polyacrylamide diffusive gel showed a liniar concentration up to 12 hours of contact time and initial copper ion concentration up to 1000 mg/L. The maximum concentration of copper was obtained at pH 4.Keywords: copper, cellulose- diethylenetriamine, polyacrylamide gel.
ADSORBSI ION Pb2+ MENGGUNAKAN ARANG AKTIF KULIT DURIAN DENGAN METODE KOLOM ADSORBSI
Authors: Nurhaeni Nurhaeni , Musafira Musafira , Rahmatullah Agus 
Published: April 2018

Research has conducted using of activated charcoal from durian skin as an adsorbent of ion Pb2+ on water. This study aims to determine the effect of high adsorbent activated charcoal of durian skin and influence of adsorbent elution time. The method used in this study is SSA. The research design is applied is an RAL, with an independent variable are high adsorbent and adsorbent elution time. In this research, the variation applied adsorbent is 13.5 cm high, 18 cm, 22.5 cm, and 27 cm and variations adsorbent of the elution time are first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth hour. The results showed that activated charcoal of durian’s skin 27 cm has a higher adsorption with the variation of high adsorbent with high levels of ion Pb is 80.019% and for variations in elution time adsorbent obtained the use of the first hour is more effective , Activated charcoal durian skin can be used as an adsorbent decreased levels of Pb ion in the water until the sixth hour.Keywords: activated charcoal, adsorbent, durian skin, Pb2+.
PEMANFAATAN KULIT UBI KAYU SEBAGAI BIOSORBEN PADA PENJERNIHAN AIR DI KELURAHAN BALAROA
Authors: Bahri Syaiful , Musafira Musafira , Hardi Jaya , Satrimafitrah Pasjan 
Published: April 2018

Kajian mengenai penjerapan ion logam Fe dalam air tanah menggunakan biosorben kulit ubi kayu telah berhasil dilakukan. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh biosorben kulit ubi kayu terhadap sejumlah ion Fe dengan modifikasi perangkat alat penjernihan. Air tanah diperoleh dari Kelurahan Balaroa, Kota Palu, Indonesia. Biosorben kulit ubi kayu dikombinasikan dengan arang dan kerikil dalam perangkat alat penjernihan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa air tanah hasil penyaringan lebih jernih dibandingkan sebelum perlakuan. Air tanah hasil penyaringan tidak menghasilkan endapan besi setelah penyimpanan selama dua minggu. Kata kunci: ion Fe, biosorben, kulit ubi kayu, air tanah
Comparison of the effect of rest interval between sets and set – repetition configuration during bouts of eccentric exercise on muscle damage and inflammatory markers
Authors: Mohammadi Hossein , Afzalpour Mohammad Esmaiel , Abtahi Ivary Seyed Hossein 
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective: Various studies have demonstrated that different rest Intervals has a significant effect on hormonal, metabolic and cardiovascular responses. This factors can lead to different muscle damage responses. Materials and Methods: 40 untrained subjects (25.4 ± 0.068 years, height 1.74 ± 0.97 cm and weight 30.8 ± 8.48 kg) in three sessions of eccentric resistance exercise with 24 hours rest between each session Participated in this study. Subjects were divided into 4 groups, A group: 5 sets of 10 repetition with the interset rest interval 1 minutes, B group: 10 sets of 5 repetition with the interset rest interval 3 minutes, C group: 10 sets of 5 repetition with the interset rest interval 3 minutes and D group: 5 sets of 10 repetition with the interset rest interval 3 minutes that performed 50 eccentric contractions with 85% of one repetition maximum. Each set includes 10 or 5 contractions that lower a person’ s weight in 3 s and at least 2 s to reach the next contraction without weights placed in full ﬂexion Around 1- or 3-min rest was given between each set. The experimental protocol was repeated for three consecutive days. The range of motion, the arm circumference, soreness and Alpha necrosis tumor factor were measured immediately before , immediately after and 24 hours after training. Results: Variance analysis with repeated measure demonstrated, non-dominant arm circumference(P= 0.44), soreness (P= 0.76) and alpha necrosis tumor factor (P= 0.37) in different time points in 4 groups significantly increased and the range of motion (P= 0.44) decreased, but no significant difference in all dependent variables were found in 4 groups at different time points (P <0.05). Conclusion: Mechanisms of muscular damage caused by consecutive eccentric activities is independent of manipulating resistance exercise components (rest and the number of set-repetition) and possibly related to the muscular pressure entering to the muscles.
PEMANFAATAN AIR KELAPA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN AKAR STEK TUNAS AKSILAR Andrographis paniculata Nees
Authors: Prihatini Retno 
Published: April 2018

The research has been conducted to find out the best concentration of coconut water in the induction of roots of cuttings axillary buds Andrographis paniculata Nees. This research was conducted in Plant Physilogy of Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Math and Natural Science, AndalasUniversity, for 12 weeks. The research used Completely Randomized Design. The material used was axillary buds A. paniculata with nodal number 3. treated for 30 minutes in coconut water 10, 15 and 20% and aquadest as a controle each with 6 replications. Observations were done on live percentage, root length, root numerous and cuttings height after 12 weeks planting. The results showed that the concentration 10 to 15% of coconut water was able with significant to induce the root growth of cutting axillary buds A. Paniculat. The concentration 15% of coconut water was the best in inducing cutting height growth, each with an average root length is 8.2 cm and the average number of roots that formed is 16, 0 and the average cutting height is 22.7 cm. There was an increase of average of cuttings height growth by 86% which was supported by the average increase of root length and root number of 105.0% and 280.9% on the occasion of cuttings of axillary buds in coconut water concentration 15%.
Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penentuan Opini pada Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah (LKPD) Provinsi Sumatra Selatan Berdasarkan Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (SAP)
Authors: Safitri Rika Henda 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors influencing opinion determination by the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) based on the application of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) in South Sumatra Province. Using qualitative descriptive method based on Local Government Financial Statement (LKPD) data from South Sumatera Province from 2010 until 2016.
The result of the research indicates that the determination of opinion on Local Government Financial Report (LKPD) South Sumatra Province based on several factors such as: (1) The existence of internal control system, (2) Presentation of financial statements not yet in accordance with Government Accounting Standards (SAP) Lack of Human Resources (HR) financial managers to local governments.
Fenomena Multikulturalisme Dalam Musik: Sebuah Telaah Elemen Elemen Musikal Non Barat dalam Karya Komposer Musik Barat
Authors: Maestro Esy 
Published: April 2018

The study of the music phenomenon has long been an important discussion due to its role in upholding the accretion of the history of literature of the world of music. Among the two poles music’s idealism, which is between European and American, they both have different opinion about multiculturalism. The multiculturalism in the Europe is the unification of the music culture with the lowest integrity level between the music cultures which possibly experience the multicultural process. It means, with the music culture base which just established like music classic, so that the multicultural process will cannot be seen easily from the music which recommended, because its interference usually dissolved is the music substance which intrinsically used, at rhythmic, melodies, form and others. Meanwhile the multiculturalism phenomenon in the America will offers the explicit structures, which accurately occurs the powerful and influential multiculturalism process. This thing also based on the heterogeneous America’s people as the interference of many cultures by means of the difference music. The multiculturalism music in America also develop faster because in its accretion it influence with the political period and the crime-infested unsafe makes the countries which moves to America feels that they the same. So, it is not surprise if the performance of the African-American music or the America’s World Music will demonstrate the music multiculturalism process which actual and has been growth for a long time. Keywords: the music, multiculturarism, America and Europe
Analisis Kontrastif Pemarkah Lokatif ‘di’ dalam Bahasa Indonesia dengan ‘ni’ dan ‘de’ dalam Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Aprilia Nindia Rini Elizabeth Ika Hesti 
Published: April 2018

Understanding the mother tongue is as important as understanding the second language for language learners. Contrastive analysis provides a means to compare and find similarities and differences between the two languages so that the exchange f meaning can be done with accuracy. The word “di”, “ni”, and “de” have the same function as a locative marker, however, each has distinct uses in the sentence. Kata kunci : Analisis Kontrastif, ‘di’, Partikel Kasus ‘ni’ dan ‘de
An Analysis of the Written Grammatical Errors Produced by Freshment Students in English Essay Writing
Authors: . Hamzah 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat taksonomi kesalahan gramatikal yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa di dalam menulis esei bahasa Inggris. Dua puluh esei yang dikerjakan mahasiswa baru sebagai tugas mata kuliah Writing dijadikan sebagai sumber data penelitian. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima belas kelompok kesalahan gramatikal yang dibuat mahasiswa. Lima kelompok utama adalah kesalahan dalam pemilihan kata, kelompok verba, artikel,preposisi, pluralitas, dan ejaan, sedangkan kesalahan tata bahasa lain adalah kesesuaian subjek dan verba, susunan kata dalam kalimat, kesesuaian pronomina, penghilangan pronomina, penggunaan pronomina relativa, kopula, penanda kepunyaan, dan mekanik. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, guru disarankan agar melakukan pengajaran yang lebih eksplisit tentang aspek gramatikal yang bermasalah tersebut. Di samping itu, guru juga perlu melakukan replikasi untuk melihat taksonomi kesalahan gramatikal yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa yang diajarnya. Kata kunci: kesalahan gramatikal, koreksi kesalahan, analisis kesalahan, antar bahas