bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mn4+‐related photoemission enhancement via energy transfer in La2MgGeO6:Dy3+, Mn4+ phosphor for plant growth light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Wei , Shen Linli , Shen Chenyang , Zhang Zelong , Liang Xiaojuan , Xiang Weidong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA double perovskite‐type substrate of La2MgGeO6 (LMGO) was successfully synthesized via a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method and was codoped with Mn4+ and Dy3+ to form a new deep‐red phosphor (LMGO:Mn4+,Dy3+) for artificial plant growth light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). This extraordinary phosphor can exhibit strong far‐red emission with a maximum peak at 708 nm between 650 and 750 nm, which can be ascribed to the 2Eg → 2A2 g spin‐forbidden transition of Mn4+. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) clarified that the La3+ sites in the host were partly replaced by Dy3+ ions. Moreover, we discovered energy transfers from Dy3+ to Mn4+ by directly observing the significant overlap of the excitation spectrum of Mn4+ and the emission spectrum of Dy3+ as well as the systematic relative decline and growth of the emission bands of Dy3+ and Mn4+, respectively. With the increase in the activator (Mn4+) concentration, the relationship between the luminescence decay time and the energy transfer efficiency of the sensitizer (Dy3+) was studied in detail. Finally, an LED device was fabricated using a 460 nm blue chip, and the as‐obtained far‐red emitting LMGO:Mn4+,Dy3+ phosphors for Wedelia chinensis cultivation. As expected, the as‐fabricated plant growth LED‐treated Wedelia chinensis cultured in the artificial climate box with overhead LEDs demonstrated that after 28 days of irradiation, the average plant growth rate and the total chlorophyll content were better than those of specimens cultured using the commercial R‐B LED lamps, indicating that the as‐prepared phosphor could have a potential application in the agricultural industry.
α‐Alumina and spinel react into single‐phase high‐alumina spinel in <3 seconds during flash sintering
Authors: Kok David , Yadav Devinder , Sortino Emanuele , McCormack Scott J. , Tseng Kuo‐Pin , Kriven Waltraud M. , Raj Rishi , Mecartney Martha L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn situ X‐ray diffraction measurements at the Advanced Photon Source show that α‐Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 react nearly instantaneously and completely, and nearly completely to form single‐phase high‐alumina spinel during voltage‐to‐current type of flash sintering experiments. The initial sample was constituted from powders of α‐Al2O3, MgAl2O4 spinel, and cubic 8 mol% Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) mixed in equal volume fractions, the spinel to alumina molar ratio being 1:1.5. Specimen temperature was measured by thermal expansion of the platinum standard. These measurements correlated well with a black‐body radiation model, using appropriate values for the emissivity of the constituents. Temperatures of 1600‐1736°C were reached during the flash, which promoted the formation of alumina‐rich spinel. In a second set of experiments, the flash was induced in a current‐rate method where the current flowing through the specimen is controlled and increased at a constant rate. In these experiments, we observed the formation of two different compositions of spinel, MgO•3Al2O3 and MgO•1.5Al2O3, which evolved into a single composition of MgO•2.5Al2O3 as the current continued to increase. In summary, flash sintering is an expedient way to create single‐phase, alumina‐rich spinel.
Dynamin‐related protein 1‐mediated mitochondrial fission contributes to IR‐783‐induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Tang Qin , Liu Wuyi , Zhang Qian , Huang Jingbin , Hu Changpeng , Liu Yali , Wang Qing , Zhou Min , Lai Wenjing , Sheng Fangfang , Li Guobing , Zhang Rong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIR‐783 is a kind of heptamethine cyanine dye that exhibits imaging, cancer targeting and anticancer properties. A previous study reported that its imaging and targeting properties were related to mitochondria. However, the molecular mechanism behind the anticancer activity of IR‐783 has not been well demonstrated. In this study, we showed that IR‐783 inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondrial apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Exposure of MDA‐MB‐231 cells to IR‐783 resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and cytochrome c (Cyto C) release. Furthermore, we found that IR‐783 induced dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) translocation from the cytosol to the mitochondria, increased the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) and fission‐1 (Fis1), and decreased the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins mitofusin1 (Mfn1) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). Moreover, knockdown of Drp1 markedly blocked IR‐783‐mediated mitochondrial fission, loss of MMP, ATP depletion, mPTP opening and apoptosis. Our in vivo study confirmed that IR‐783 markedly inhibited tumour growth and induced apoptosis in an MDA‐MB‐231 xenograft model in association with the mitochondrial translocation of Drp1. Taken together, these findings suggest that IR‐783 induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by increasing Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission. Our study uncovered the molecular mechanism of the anti‐breast cancer effects of IR‐783 and provided novel perspectives for the application of IR‐783 in the treatment of breast cancer.
The oncogenic potentials and diagnostic significance of long non‐coding RNA LINC00310 in breast cancer
Authors: Li Juan , Peng Wanxin , Du Lutao , Yang Qifeng , Wang Chuanxin , Mo Yin‐Yuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in different physiological processes and human diseases. However, to date, the function and overall clinical significance of the vast majority of lncRNAs in breast cancer remain largely unexplored. Here, we focused on LINC00310 by interrogating the breast invasive carcinoma data set of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The results showed that LINC00310 was increased as breast cancer progressed, and the deregulation of LINC00310 was significantly associated with patients’ survival. Experiments with knockout (KO) approach by CRISPR/Cas9 system and the subsequent rescue experiments revealed that LINC00310 promoted cell proliferation by regulating c‐Myc expression in vitro. Nude mouse xenograft assay demonstrated that LINC00310 KO significantly suppressed tumour growth in vivo. Furthermore, we found that serum LINC00310 expression was significantly up‐regulated in patients with breast cancer, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that LINC00310 had a powerful capability of distinguishing patients with breast cancer from healthy individuals (the area under curve 0.828). Taken together, these results provide a more intuitive approach to explore the clinical relevance and functional roles of lncRNAs. As a result, lncRNAs, such as LINC00310, may be used in clinical applications as circulating markers for breast cancer.
Dienogest therapy during the early stages of recurrence of endometrioma might be an alternative therapeutic option to avoid repeat surgeries
Authors: Koshiba Akemi , Mori Taisuke , Okimura Hiroyuki , Akiyama Kanoko , Kataoka Hisashi , Takaoka Osamu , Ito Fumitake , Matsushima Hiroshi , Kusuki Izumi , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate whether hormonal therapy immediately after postsurgical recurrence of ovarian endometrioma controls disease progression and can be an alternative therapeutic option to avoid multiple repeat surgeries.MethodsWe enrolled 146 patients treated for endometrioma at the University Hospital of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine between 2009 and 2015. After laparoscopic cystectomy using the stripping technique, opening of cul‐de‐sac obliterations and complete resection of the deep infiltrating endometriosis lesions, the patients either received no treatment (n = 83), oral contraceptives (OC; n = 32) or dienogest (DNG; n = 27), depending on their medical history. Four patients were excluded because they changed their regimens during the follow‐up period. All patients were followed up every 3 months. Patients who developed recurrence of endometrioma immediately received DNG, OC or gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist.ResultsOverall, 16 patients developed a recurrence of the endometrioma (12 in the nontreatment group, three in the OC group and one in the DNG group). The 11 patients with recurrence were treated with DNG immediately after the diagnosis of recurrent endometrioma. Among them, seven patients continued treatment with DNG (2 mg) for 24 months. After 24 months of treatment with DNG, complete resolution of recurrent endometrioma was achieved in four (57.1%) of seven patients. There was no improvement in the three patients who received OC and one patient who underwent secondary surgery.ConclusionDNG therapy early after recurrence of postsurgical endometrioma appears to be viable for reducing the risk of repeated surgery.
Relationship Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Weight Status, and Academic Performance: Longitudinal Evidence From 1 School District
Authors: Aske Denise Burke , Chomitz Virginia Rall , Liu Xiaodong , Arsenault Lisa , Bhalotra Sarita , Acevedo‐Garcia Dolores 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESWe examined the longitudinal relationship between cardiovascular fitness (CRF) and academic performance (AP) among students in a diverse public school district. Furthermore, we determined whether the relationship between CRF and AP varied by student sociodemographic characteristics.METHODSThis study used data from 2005‐2006 to 2008‐2009. AP was assessed by Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) math (N = 1224) and English Language Arts (ELA) (N = 1248) z‐scores. CRF was assessed by an age‐ and sex‐adjusted 20‐yard shuttle run (pass/fail). Multilevel growth models were used to estimate the relationship between MCAS z‐scores and changes in grade, CRF, and weight status, controlling for student sociodemographic characteristics.RESULTSStudents who passed the fitness test performed better on MCAS tests (ELA: .159, p < .001; Math: 0.346, p < .001) at each study wave relative to those who did not pass. The relationship between AP and fitness was attenuated for low socioeconomic status(ELA: −.111, p < .05) and minority (Math: black −0.249, p < .01; Latino −0.216, p < .01) students.CONCLUSIONSThese results add to the literature highlighting the role of CRF as an important predictor of performance on standardized tests. More research is needed to understand the disparities experienced by low‐income and minority students.
School Professionals' Knowledge and Beliefs About Youth With Chronic Illness
Authors: Berger Carolyn , Valenzuela Jessica , Tsikis Joanna , Fletcher Cynthia 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDExisting research demonstrates that youth with chronic illness often experience challenges including poor academic performance, attendance, and social success. However, past research demonstrates a lack of support for teachers to best educate students with chronic illness. In this study, we aim to describe the needs of local educators when working with students with chronic illness.METHODSA questionnaire was completed by 383 middle or high school professionals. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. ANOVA was used to examine differences between school professional groups and chronic illness types.RESULTSParticipants tended to disagree that students with chronic illness faced challenges in school and agreed that they had enough support to meet students' needs. They tended to agree that more collaboration between the health care team, schools, and families was needed. Participants reported feeling least prepared in working with students who had cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, or sickle cell disease. School nurses were more likely to recognize the challenges, supports, and collaboration needed.CONCLUSIONSMore training and support is needed for school professionals in their work with students with chronic illness. Assessments may be useful at a local level to help schools develop better policies and plans for educating youth with chronic illness.
School‐Level Socioeconomic Status Influences Adolescents' Health‐Related Lifestyle Behaviors and Intentions
Authors: Shrewsbury Vanessa A. , Foley Bridget C. , Flood Victoria M. , Bonnefin Amy , Hardy Louise L. , Venchiarutti Rebecca L. , Byth Karen , Shah Smita 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐level socioeconomic status (SES) influences on adolescents' lifestyle behaviors is understudied. We examined how school‐level SES and sex influence adolescents' health‐related lifestyle behaviors and intentions.METHODSGrade 8 students aged 13‐14 years completed an online questionnaire regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, physical activity participation and recreational screen‐time, and intentions regarding these behaviors. School‐level SES, based on an Index of Community Socio‐Educational Advantage (ICSEA), was categorized as low or high. Generalized estimating equations estimated individual‐level summary statistics, adjusted for clustering.RESULTSStudents (N = 2538; response rate = 79%) from 23 high schools (low ICSEA = 16) participated. Compared with low ICSEA students, high ICSEA students were more likely to report eating breakfast daily (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.5, 2.4]), not drinking sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) daily (2.9 [1.9, 4.3]), and were more likely to have intentions to eat breakfast (1.8 [1.3, 2.3]) and ≥ 5 vegetable serves (1.2 [1.0, 1.5]) daily. Boys were more likely than girls to meet recommendations for breakfast eating, vegetable intake, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and screen‐time, but boys were less likely to meet recommendations regarding SSB intake.CONCLUSIONSStudents from low ICSEA schools would benefit from additional support to improve dietary‐related behaviors and intentions. More research is required to identify what targeted approaches will address sex differences in adolescents' lifestyle behaviors.
Evaluation of a Free Milk in Schools Program in New Zealand: Effects on Children's Milk Consumption and Anthropometrics
Authors: Marsh Samantha , Jiang Yannan , Carter Karen , Wall Clare 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWhile dietary sources of calcium are important for bone health, the intake of milk and milk products decreases as children get older. A free milk in schools program may mitigate this decrease in milk consumption. We evaluated the Fonterra Milk for schools program (a free milk initiative) by determining changes in children's milk consumption and anthropometric measures over a 2‐year period.METHODSThe evaluation was conducted in children aged 7‐9 years in a representative sample of primary schools participating in the free milk program, in Auckland, New Zealand. The primary outcome was the proportion of children meeting the New Zealand guidelines for dairy and milk product consumption over 7 days (≥2 servings per day). Changes in anthropometric measures were also assessed as secondary outcomes.RESULTSNine schools (N = 511 children) participated in the evaluation. The proportion of children meeting the New Zealand guidelines for milk and milk product consumption over 7 days increased significantly from baseline to 2 years' follow‐up (72% vs 94%; p < .001). Body mass index z scores did not change significantly between baseline and 2 years' follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSThe Fonterra Milk for Schools initiative appears to be an effective way of increasing milk/milk product consumption behaviors in school‐aged children.
Generalized Finite Element Formulation of Fiber Beam Elements for Distributed Plasticity in Multiple Regions
Authors: Park Kyoungsoo , Kim Hyungtae , Kim Dae‐Jin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA generalized fiber beam element formulation is proposed to accurately capture the formation of multiple plastic regions with a coarse mesh, which usually occurs in the process of structural collapses. The strong gradient of displacement near plastic regions in a fiber beam element can be accurately described using a special plastic enrichment function. The two types of the plastic enrichment functions are suggested for the cases where the plastic region is located fully inside an element and spread over a node, respectively. In this approach, the optimal shape of the plastic enrichment function can be updated by reflecting plastic deformation at the previous loading step. Furthermore, if plastic regions appear in multiple locations in an element, the corresponding plastic enrichment function can be adaptively reconstructed on the basis of plastic region distribution without introducing additional degrees of freedom. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated in terms of accuracy and computational cost through several numerical experiments.
Diets of giants: the nutritional value of sauropod diet during the Mesozoic
Authors: Gill Fiona L. , Hummel Jürgen , Sharifi A. Reza , Lee Alexandra P. , Lomax Barry H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA major uncertainty in estimating energy budgets and population densities of extinct animals is the carrying capacity of their ecosystems, constrained by net primary productivity (NPP) and its digestible energy content. The hypothesis that increases in NPP due to elevated atmospheric CO2 contributed to the unparalleled size of the sauropods has recently been rejected, based on modern studies on herbivorous insects that imply a general, negative correlation of diet quality and increasing CO2. However, the nutritional value of plants grown under elevated CO2 levels might be very different for vertebrate megaherbivores than for insects. Here we show plant species‐specific responses in metabolizable energy and nitrogen content, equivalent to a two‐fold variation in daily food intake estimates for a typical sauropod, for dinosaur food plant analogues grown under CO2 concentrations spanning estimates for Mesozoic atmospheric concentrations. Our results potentially rebut the hypothesis that constraints on sauropod diet quality were driven by Mesozoic CO2 concentration.
The red bayberry genome and genetic basis of sex determination
Authors: Jia Hui‐Min , Jia Hui‐Juan , Cai Qing‐Le , Wang Yan , Zhao Hai‐Bo , Yang Wei‐Fei , Wang Guo‐Yun , Li Ying‐Hui , Zhan Dong‐Liang , Shen Yu‐Tong , Niu Qing‐Feng , Chang Le , Qiu Jie , Zhao Lan , Xie Han‐Bing , Fu Wan‐Yi , Jin Jing , Li Xiong‐Wei , Jiao Yun , Zhou Chao‐Chao , Tu Ting , Chai Chun‐Yan , Gao Jin‐Long , Fan Long‐Jiang , van de Weg Eric , Wang Jun‐Yi , Gao Zhong‐Shan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMorella rubra, red bayberry, is an economically important fruit tree in south China. Here, we assembled the first high‐quality genome for both a female and a male individual of red bayberry. The genome size was 313‐Mb, and 90% sequences were assembled into eight pseudo chromosome molecules, with 32 493 predicted genes. By whole‐genome comparison between the female and male and association analysis with sequences of bulked and individual DNA samples from female and male, a 59‐Kb region determining female was identified and located on distal end of pseudochromosome 8, which contains abundant transposable element and seven putative genes, four of them are related to sex floral development. This 59‐Kb female‐specific region was likely to be derived from duplication and rearrangement of paralogous genes and retained non‐recombinant in the female‐specific region. Sex‐specific molecular markers developed from candidate genes co‐segregated with sex in a genetically diverse female and male germplasm. We propose sex determination follow the ZW model of female heterogamety. The genome sequence of red bayberry provides a valuable resource for plant sex chromosome evolution and also provides important insights for molecular biology, genetics and modern breeding in Myricaceae family.
Payoffs for layoffs? An examination of CEO relative pay and firm performance surrounding layoff announcements
Authors: Bentley F. Scott , Fulmer Ingrid S. , Kehoe Rebecca R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, we theorize that chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) peer pay comparisons influence their decisions to engage in layoffs, and we consider the conditions under which layoffs deliver “payoffs” in the form of increases in subsequent CEO relative pay. Our results indicate that CEOs receiving compensation below their peers are significantly more likely to announce layoffs in the subsequent year, relative to those receiving compensation above their peers. Further, we find that the relationship between layoffs and subsequent changes in CEO relative pay depends on postlayoff changes in firm performance, with CEOs in firms with the largest performance gains receiving the largest increases in relative pay. We also show that our results are robust to an alternative operationalization of CEO relative pay. We provide evidence that external social comparisons may have predictable consequences for both CEOs’ propensities to engage in particular strategic actions and future changes in CEOs’ relative pay.
Leaderless mRNAs in the Spotlight: Ancient but Not Outdated!
Authors: Beck Heather J. , Moll Isabella 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Previously, leaderless mRNAs (lmRNAs) were perceived to make up only a minor fraction of the transcriptome in bacteria. However, advancements in RNA sequencing technology are uncovering vast numbers of lmRNAs, particularly in archaea,
Actinobacteria
, and extremophiles and thus underline their significance in cellular physiology and regulation. Due to the absence of conventional ribosome binding signals, lmRNA translation initiation is distinct from canonical mRNAs and can therefore be differentially regulated. The ribosome’s inherent ability to bind a 5′-terminal AUG can stabilize and protect the lmRNA from degradation or allow ribosomal loading for downstream initiation events. As a result, lmRNAs remain translationally competent during a variety of physiological conditions, allowing them to contribute to multiple regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the abundance of lmRNAs can increase during adverse conditions through the upregulation of lmRNA transcription from alternative promoters or by the generation of lmRNAs from canonical mRNAs cleaved by an endonucleolytic toxin. In these ways, lmRNA translation can continue during stress and contribute to regulation, illustrating their importance in the cell. Due to their presence in all domains of life and their ability to be translated by heterologous hosts, lmRNAs appear further to represent ancestral transcripts that might allow us to study the evolution of the ribosome and the translational process.