bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacities of common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat produced in China upon thermal processing
Authors: Liu Yongxiang , Cai Chunzhi , Yao Yiliang , Xu Baojun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBuckwheat products are receiving increasing attention because of their high nutritive values and significant health‐promoting properties. In the present study, 15 buckwheat products grown in different parts of China were investigated. Representative common or tartary buckwheat samples were further subjected to soaking, roasting, microwave cooking, boiling and steaming treatments. Colorimetric analyses and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were performed to determine the phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacities of the raw and thermally processed buckwheat samples, respectively.RESULTSTartary buckwheat exhibited a remarkably higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) compared to common buckwheat, although there were no significant differences between their 2,2′‐azino‐di‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity. All thermal treatments, particularly microwave cooking, contributed to the greatest losses of phenolics and antioxidant capacities in the common buckwheat samples, whereas boiling and steaming usually resulted in the lowest losses. For the tartary buckwheat samples, all thermal treatments (except roasting), especially boiling and steaming, led to significant increases in TPC, TFC, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, FRAP and ABTS free radical scavenging capacity. However, HPLC analyses indicated that all thermal treatments, especially microwave cooking, gave rise to the greatest losses of the total content of 14 phenolic acids and three flavonoids, whereas boiling led to the lowest losses.CONCLUSIONBoth steaming and boiling treatments are recommended when preparing common or tartary buckwheat food products because they can minimize thermal degradation or promote their phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities to the greatest extent. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Benzenedicarboxylic acid upregulates O48814 and Q9FJQ8 for improved nutritional contents of tomato and low risk of fungal attack
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Akram Waheed , Shahzadi Iqra , Wang Rui , Hu Du , Bashir Zoobia , Jaleel Waqar , Ahmed Shakeel , Tariq Wajeeha , Li Guihua , Wu Tingquan , Ahmad Yasin Nasim , Shafique Shazia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTomato is an important food item and a cocktail of phytonutrients. In the current study, metabolites from a non‐pathogenic fungal speciesPenicillium oxalicumhave been exploited to obtain nutritionally augmented tomato fruits from the plants to better withstand againstAlternaria alternatainfection.RESULTSInitially, bioactivity‐guided assay and chromatographic analyses identified the bioactive metabolites ofP. oxalicum[benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDA) and benzimidazole]. Then, ≥3 times elevated quantities of vitamins and other nutritional elements (protein, fat, fibers, and carbohydrates) were achieved by the foliar application of BDA. The maximum increase (625.81%) was recorded in riboflavin contents; however, thiamine showed the second highest enhancement (542.86%). Plant metabolites analysis revealed that jasmonic acid contents were boosted 121.53% to significantly enhance guaiacyl lignin defenses along with the reduction in coumarin contents. The protein profile analysis explored three most actively responding protein species toward BDA applications, (i) palmitoyltransferase protein Q9FLM3; (ii) serine/threonine‐protein kinase O48814; and (iii) E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase Q9FJQ8. The O48814 improved plant defenses; whereas, Q9FJQ8 protein was negatively regulating cysteine‐type endopeptidase activity and assisted plant to resist schedule alterations. Tomato cultivar with more active innate metabolism was found to be more responsive toward BDA. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds were enriched by using the two‐step extraction method of ethyl acetate and chloroform, respectively.CONCLUSIONPenicillium oxalicuma non‐pathogenic fungal species, produced BDA, induced nutritional contents in tomato and protected it againstAlternaria alternata. The current study is the first report on the bioactivity of BDA and benzimidazole concerning the nutritional enhancement and plant defense improvement. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Fermentation capacities of fructan‐ and pectin‐rich by‐products and purified fractions via an in vitro piglet faecal model
Authors: Uerlings Julie , Bindelle Jérôme , Schroyen Martine , Richel Aurore , Bruggeman Geert , Willems Els , Everaert Nadia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary strategies such as the inclusion of prebiotics have been suggested for modulating intestinal microbiota. In piglets, this strategy could result in a reduction of post‐weaning‐associated disorders and the use of antibiotics. To date, mainly purified fractions have been tested for their prebiotic effects at weaning while trials of potential health‐promoting effects of products and corresponding by‐products remain rare. In this study, fructan‐ and pectin‐based ingredients have been tested in a two‐step in vitro model for their fermentation kinetics as well as for their short‐chain fatty acid production and microbiota profiles in fermentation broth as indicators for their prebiotic activity.RESULTSChicory root, in contrast to chicory pulp, exhibited an extensive and rapid fermentation similar to inulin and oligofructose, although butyrate levels of root and pulp did not reach those of the purified fractions. Chicory pulp showed higher relative levels of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium cluster IV and butyryl‐CoA:acetate‐CoA transferase gene abundance compared to chicory root. Sugar beet pulp, orange and citrus by‐products displayed extensive gas fermentation patterns, equivalent to those of purified pectin, and revealed an elevated butyrate production compared to purified pectin. Moreover, several orange and citrus by‐products displayed significantly higher relative levels of Bifidobacterium spp. in comparison to purified pectin.CONCLUSIONSChicory root and pulp as well as orange and citrus by‐products appear to be promising ingredients for piglet diets for modulating intestinal fermentation for health purposes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Impacts of arterial ischemia or venous occlusion on vascularized groin lymph nodes in a rat model
Authors: Tinhofer Ines E. , Yang Chin‐Yu , Chen Courtney , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundReported ischemia time of vascularized lymph nodes was 5 hours. This study investigated the effects of arterial ischemia and venous occlusion on vascularized lymph node function in rats.MethodsBilateral pedicled groin lymph node flaps were raised in 27 Lewis rats. Femoral artery and vein were separated and clamped for 1, 3, 4, or 5 hour(s). Lymph node flap perfusion and drainage were assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry and indocyanine green lymphography. Histologic changes were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin stain, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL), and glutathione assays.ResultsPerfusion units of 2.84 ± 1.41, 2.46 ± 0.64, 2.42 ± 0.37, and 2.01 ± 0.90 were measured in arterial ischemia groups, and 1.71 ± 0.45, 2.20 ± 0.98, 1.49 ± 0.35, and 0.81 ± 0.20 in venous occlusion groups after 1, 3, 4, and 5 hours of clamping, respectively. Lymphatic drainage showed mean latency periods of 5.33 ± 0.88, 9.00 ± 3.21, 10.00 ± 2.08, and 24.50 ± 11.50 seconds in arterial clamping groups, and 25.00 ± 3.61, 26.00 ± 3.06, 23.33 ± 4.41, and 152.00 ± 0 seconds in venous clamping groups, respectively. Severe medullary and cortical congestion and hemorrhage on histology and cell damage by glutathione levels and TUNEL assay were found after 4 hours of venous clamping.ConclusionsArterial ischemia and venous occlusion impact the function and viability of vascularized lymph node flaps differently. The critical venous occlusion time was 4 hours.
Temporal variability of soil organic carbon in paddies during 13‐year conservation tillage
Authors: Qi Jian‐Ying , Wang Xing , Zhao Xin , Pu Chao , Kan Zheng‐Rong , Li Chao , Liu Peng , Xiao Xiao‐Ping , Lal Rattan , Zhang Hai‐Lin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDecreasing temporal variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) can avoid its temporary loss, which is positive to SOC accumulation and mitigation of climate change. Thus, this study was designed to analyze the temporal variability of SOC stock during 13‐year tillage practices and its driving factors in rice paddies of Southern China. Four tillage practices were studied: no‐till (zero‐tillage) with residues retained on the soil surface (NTS, conservation tillage), rotary tillage with incorporated residues (RTS), moldboard plow tillage with incorporated residues, or with residues removed. The SOC stock at 0–30 cm soil depth varied widely between 2007 and 2017, partly due to the annual temperature and precipitation variations. The temporal variation of SOC was lower under NTS than other tillage practices (p < .05). This was associated with the lower variation of heavy SOC and mineral associated SOC as well as with lower (p < .05) potential mineralizable carbon under NTS. Despite SOC saturated in all treatments, NTS increased (p < .05) the SOC content by 12.1%–35.3% at 0–5 cm soil depth. Thus, NTS in double rice paddies has been proved to be a promising option to maintain high levels of soil C accumulation with low temporal variability, especially at the upper 0–5 cm depth.
The BRadykinesia Akinesia INcoordination (BRAIN) Tap Test: Capturing the Sequence Effect
Authors: Hasan Hasan , Burrows Maggie , Athauda Dilan S. , Hellman Bruce , James Ben , Warner Thomas , Foltynie Thomas , Giovannoni Gavin , Lees Andrew J. , Noyce Alastair J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe BRadykinesia Akinesia INcoordination (BRAIN) tap test is an online keyboard tapping task that has been previously validated to assess upper limb motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesTo develop a new parameter that detects a sequence effect and to reliably distinguish between PD patientsonandoffmedication. In addition, we sought to validate a mobile version of the test for use on smartphones and tablet devices.MethodsThe BRAIN test scores in 61 patients with PD and 93 healthy controls were compared. A range of established parameters captured number and accuracy of alternate taps. The new velocity score recorded the intertap speed. Decrement in the velocity score was used as a marker for the sequence effect. In the validation phase, 19 PD patients and 19 controls were tested using different hardware including mobile devices.ResultsQuantified slopes from the velocity score demonstrated bradykinesia (sequence effect) in PD patients (slope cut‐off −0.002) with 58% sensitivity and 81% specificity (discovery phase of the study) and 65% sensitivity and 88% specificity (validation phase). All BRAIN test parameters differentiated betweenonandoffmedication states in PD. Differentiation between PD patients and controls was possible on all hardware versions of the test.ConclusionThe BRAIN tap test is a simple, user‐friendly, and free‐to‐use tool for the assessment of upper limb motor dysfunction in PD, which now includes a measure of bradykinesia.
Technical Note: Quality assurance and relative dosimetry testing of a 60Co total body irradiator using optical imaging
Authors: Tendler Irwin I. , Bredfeldt Jeremy S. , Zhang Rongxiao , Bruza Petr , Jermyn Michael , Pogue Brian W. , Gladstone David J. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe aim of this study was to create an optical imaging‐based system for quality assurance (QA) testing of a dedicated Co‐60 total body irradiation (TBI) machine. Our goal is to streamline the QA process by minimizing the amount time necessary for tests such as verification of dose rate and field homogeneity.MethodsPlastic scintillating rods were placed directly on the patient treatment couch of a dedicated TBI 60Co irradiator. A tripod‐mounted intensified camera was placed directly adjacent to the couch. Images were acquired over a 30‐s period once the cobalt source was fully exposed. Real‐time image filtering was used; cumulative images were flatfield corrected as well as background and darkfield subtracted. Scintillators were used to measure light‐radiation field correspondence, dose rate, field homogeneity, and symmetry. Dose rate effects were measured by modifying the height of the treatment couch and scintillator response was compared to ionization chamber (IC) measurements. Optically stimulated luminesce detector (OSLD) used as reference dosimeters during field symmetry and homogeneity testing.ResultsThe scintillator‐based system accurately reported changes in dose rate. When comparing normalized output values for IC vs scintillators over a range of source‐to‐surface distances, a linear relationship (R2 = 0.99) was observed. Normalized scintillator signal matched OSLD measurements with <1.5% difference during field homogeneity and symmetry testing. Beam symmetry across both axes of the field was within 2%. The light field was found to correspond to 90 ± 3% of the isodose maximum along the longitudinal and latitudinal axis, respectively. Scintillator imaging output results using a single image stack requiring no postexposure processing (needed for OSLD) or repeat manual measurements (needed for IC).ConclusionImaging of scintillation light emission from plastic rods is a viable and efficient method for carrying out TBI 60Co irradiator QA. We have shown that this technique can accurately measure field homogeneity, symmetry, light‐radiation field correspondence, and dose rate effects.
Laborautomatisierung: Kollisionen vermeiden
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWenn Mensch und Roboter zusammenarbeiten, könnten sich Produktion oder Analytik weiter automatisieren lassen. Planungsprogramme helfen, die optimalen Abstände zu finden, damit das Zusammenspiel gefahrlos und auf möglichst kleiner Fläche abläuft.
Bilanzen 2018: Die Gerätebranche
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBis auf wenige Ausnahmen stiegen bei den größten Herstellern von Labor‐ und Analysentechnik im vergangenen Jahr die Umsätze. Trotz der Unsicherheiten durch den Handelskonflikt zwischen den USA und China sowie durch den Brexit rechnet die Branche mit weiter wachsenden Umsätzen.
Über den Trend vom Molekül zum System
Authors: von Delius Max 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGewisse Materialeigenschaften ergeben sich erst aus dem Zusammenspiel verschiedener Komponenten, und dynamische molekulare Netzwerke können sich an ihre Umgebung anpassen. Eine Besonderheit sind emergente Systeme, also solche Systeme, deren Eigenschaften sich nicht aus den Eigenschaften der Einzelkomponenten ableiten lassen.
Trendbericht Technische Chemie
Authors: Deutschmann Olaf , Dittmeyer Roland , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Kolb Gunther , Löbbecke Stefan , Wehinger Gregor D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChemie 4.0 und Diesel‐Fahrverbot – die technische Chemie setzt zunehmend auf modulare Anlagen auf Basis von Mikroverfahrenstechnik und Flow Chemistry, um die Produktion von Chemikalien flexibler zu gestalten. Zudem forciert sie die Anstrengungen in der Emissionskontrolle, insbesondere in der Abgasnachbehandlung von Verbrennungsmotoren.
52. DGMS‐Jahrestagung gemeinsam mit DPG‐Frühjahrstagung in Rostock
Authors: Gross Jürgen H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMitte März 2019 tagte die DPG‐Frühjahrstagung der Sektion Atome, Moleküle, Quantenoptik und Plasmen (SAMOP) gemeinsam mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Massenspektrometrie (DGMS) an der Universität Rostock. Die rund 350 DGMS‐Teilnehmer hatten für die viertägige Veranstaltung über 60 Vorträge und knapp 130 Poster mitgebracht. Neunzehn Hersteller präsentierten Massenspektrometer, Zubehör und Software an ihren Firmenständen und boten eigene Veranstaltungen am. Für den Sonntagnachmittag vor der Tagung hatten Fachgruppen der DGMS schon vier dreistündige Workshops vorbereitet.
Über Fluoreszenzexperimente mit Alltagsprodukten
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBadezusätze enthalten oft Fluorescein, aus dem sich ein Reagenz für einen Blutnachweis herstellen lässt. Dabei reagieren die ebenfalls in den Produkten enthaltenen Azofarbstoffe, was zu überraschenden Effekten führt.
Interview mit Lena Daumann: "Auf die Lernstile gehe ich ein"
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLena Daumann lehrt bioanorganische Chemie an der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München und setzt auf Interaktion mit den Studierenden. Nun hat sie dafür den Ars‐Legendi‐Fakultätenpreis erhalten.
Nitrogen‐doped carbons derived from poly(ionic liquid)s with various backbones and cations
Authors: Sun Rui , Meek Kelly M , Ho Hoi Chun , Elabd Yossef A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) with various backbone/cation pairings (backbones – ethyl methacrylate, styrene; covalently attached cations – butylimidazolium, trimethylammonium, butylpyrrolidinium) were successfully synthesized as carbon precursors. Pyrolysis of PILs produced carbons with sheet‐like structures with a metallic luster in contrast to the powder form of carbons produced from polyacrylonitrile. The results also show that cation type has a significant impact on surface area, graphitic content, graphitic nitrogen content, nitrogen retention, carbon yield and surface chemistry of the PIL‐derived carbons. The design of nitrogen‐doped carbons based on a diverse set of PILs with various cation and polymer backbone chemistries may be an effective strategy to optimize carbon properties for subsequent application in energy storage devices. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling post‐translational modifications and cancer‐associated mutations that impact the heterochromatin protein 1α‐importin α heterodimers
Authors: Zimmermann Michael T. , Williams Monique M. , Klee Eric W. , Lomberk Gwen A. , Urrutia Raul 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHeterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α) is a protein that mediates cancer‐associated processes in the cell nucleus. Proteomic experiments, reported here, demonstrate that HP1α complexes with importin α (IMPα), a protein necessary for its nuclear transport. This data is congruent with Simple Linear Motif (SLiM) analyses that identify an IMPα‐binding motif within the linker that joins the two globular domains of this protein. Using molecular modeling and dynamics simulations, we develop a model of the IMPα‐HP1α complex and investigate the impact of phosphorylation and genomic variants on their interaction. We demonstrate that phosphorylation of the HP1α linker likely regulates its association with IMPα, which has implications for HP1α access to the nucleus, where it functions. Cancer‐associated genomic variants do not abolish the interaction of HP1α but instead lead to rearrangements where the variant proteins maintain interaction with IMPα, but with less specificity. Combined, this new mechanistic insight bears biochemical, cell biological, and biomedical relevance.
An analytical study of the atmospheric boundary‐layer flow and divergence over an SST front
Authors: Ayet Alex , Redelsperger Jean‐Luc 
Published: June 2019

We present an analytical model reproducing literature‐based numerical simulations of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) over a Sea‐Surface Temperature (SST) front, with wind blowing from the cold to the warm side. Turbulence is parametrized through a varying diffusion coefficient with two critical features: it is parabolic in the vertical and its mean value is decoupled from the MABL height (unlike an Ekman layer model). These two novel features are found essential to recover the internal structure of the MABL from numerical simulations. Different dynamical regimes are obtained and interpreted through non‐dimensional numbers characterizing the relative importance of terms driving the momentum equation.A closed‐form expression of the vertically integrated wind divergence in the MABL is then obtained. The resulting divergence is linearly linked to the SST Laplacian and to the downwind SST gradient. This shows that the response of the MABL wind divergence to an SST front is highly dependent on its spatial scale. The coupling coefficients vary with the ratio of MABL height to turbulence strength, i.e. the inverse Ekman number. We further show different regimes in the rate of variation of the coupling coefficients, depending on the Ekman number value. This can result in qualitatively different vertical winds, having potential implications for the coupling of the MABL with the free troposphere.
Impacts of future urban expansion on urban heat island effects during heatwave events in the city of Melbourne in southeast Australia
Authors: Imran Hosen M. , Kala Jatin , Ng Anne W. M. , Muthukumaran Shobha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe city of Melbourne in southeast Australia is planning to expand urban areas substantially by the year 2050 and this expansion has the potential to alter the Urban Heat Island (UHI), that is, higher temperatures in urban areas as compared to surrounding rural areas. Moreover, Melbourne has been experiencing more frequent heatwaves for last two decades, and the intensity and duration of heatwaves is expected to increase in the future, which could exacerbate the UHI. This study evaluates the potential impacts of future urban expansion on the urban meteorology in Melbourne city during four of the most severe heatwave events during the period 2000–2009. Urban expansion is implemented as high‐density urban with a high urban fraction of 0.9 to investigate the maximum possible impact. Simulations are carried out using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Single‐Layer Urban Canopy Model with current land‐use and future urban expansion scenarios. Urban expansion increases the near‐surface (2‐m) UHI (UHI2) by 0.75 to 2.80 °C and the skin‐surface UHI (UHIsk) by 1.9 to 5.4 °C over the expanded urban areas during the night, with no changes in existing urban areas. No substantial changes in UHI2 and UHIsk occur during the day over both existing and expanded urban areas. This is largely driven by changes in the storage heat flux, with an increase in storage heat at night and a decrease during the day; that is, excess storage heat accumulated during the day is released at night, which causes a slower decrease of near‐surface temperature and increase in the UHI. Urban expansion did not affect human thermal comfort (HTC) in existing urban areas and there were no marked differences in HTC between existing and expanded urban areas.