bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Submucosal Intravesical Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome
Authors: Saleh Ismail Mahdy , Mourad Mohamed Sherif , Hassan Ahmed Tawfik , Ramsis Samir Younan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic condition predominantly affecting women, characterized by urinary symptoms and pelvic pain. Diagnosis entails exclusion and the presence of symptoms for 6 weeks to 6 months. Various treatments, including intravesical therapies like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, aim to improve bladder function and quality of life by addressing symptom severity and recurrence.

Aim of the Work
To assess the effectiveness of submucosal intravesical injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of IC/PBS resistant to conventional methods of treatment.

Patients and Methods
This is a one-arm clinical trial conducted at Ain Shams University hospitals in Cairo, Egypt, from April 1, 2021, to April 1, 2023, involving 30 Egyptian patients aged 30-50 with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Patients undergo preoperative assessments, receive 20 submucosal injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) solution, and are followed up postoperatively. The treatment outcome is evaluated using the Global Response Assessment (GRA) scale at 6 months.

Results
The study demonstrates significant improvements in multiple parameters post- treatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome (IC/PBS). Reductions were observed in ICSI, ICPI, OSS, VAS for pain, frequency, nocturia, and FBC after 1, 3, and 6 months compared to baseline, all with p-values &lt; 0.001. Additionally, postoperative complications, notably hematuria and UTI, significantly decreased. The GRA at 6 months showed a 63.3% success rate. Significant differences between improvement and failure groups were noted in multiple parameters, supporting PRP's efficacy in managing IC/PBS resistant to conventional therapies.

Conclusion
The study demonstrates that submucosal intravesical injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) offers a promising treatment option for IC/PBS patients resistant to conventional therapies, with a 63.3% success rate and significant symptom improvement, suggesting PRP's potential in urothelial regeneration. Further research is warranted.
Incidence of Pathological Types of Urinary Bladder Tumors Diagnosed at Ain Shams University Hospitals
Authors: Ragy Shereen Ibrahim , Fekry Elshorbagy Ahmed Amr , Halim Ibrahim Mariam Ibrahim , Mortagy Yassa Kyrillos Naguib 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Bladder cancers are the most common genitourinary malignancy in both males and females. They are broadly categorized as urothelial and non-urothelial tumors. The response to treatment and the overall survival among the cases with cancer bladder depend greatly on the pathological type of the tumors.

Objective
Detection of the incidence of different pathological types of bladder tumors diagnosed at Ain Shams University Hospitals.

Patients and Methods
This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients admitted and treated for urinary bladder cancer along five years duration from January 2017 to December 2021. We applied our study on 1000 patients.

Results
TCC was the most common type among our cases 945 (94.5%) followed by SCC 1.5%, adenocarcinoma 1.0% and others (3.0%). As regard lymph nodes, metastasis and type of treatment, our study revealed that they were negative or couldn't be detected in 90% of cases that proved that the majority of urinary bladder tumors are usually localized with less liability of spread so most of cases (74%) treated by follow up cystoscopy with less need for radical cystectomy or chemo-radiotherapy. However, most of the SCC cases were positive lymph nodes (66.7%) with positive metastasis (66.7%) and required radical cystectomy. Most of tumors were located in posterior and posterolateral (right and left) parts of the urinary bladder. Bladder tumors were more frequent in age group of 57.34 ± 15.08 years with male predominance (86.0%).

Conclusion
Screening of bladder tumors should be scheduled for high risk cases.
Transurethral Diode Laser Ablation of Prostate Vs Bipolar Transurethral Vaporization of Prostate, A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Salim Mohamed S , Hegazy Ahmed Salah Eldin , Rashed Mostafa Mohammad Mohammad Ebraheem , Elnagar Ashraf Elsayed , Mahmoud Mahmoud Saeed , Abuelnaga Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Vaporization/Ablation of prostate is becoming one of the standard modalities for treating of symptomatic cases of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) especially in men with bleeding tendency.

Objective
to compare the short term safety and efficacy of bipolar plasma versus laser ablation of prostate and follow up over 6 months post operative.

Patients and Methods
This prospective randomized control study (double armed) included 60 patients with prostates less than 80 gm operated upon and followed up in the Urology Department of Ain Shams University hospitals. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A 30 Patients underwent Transurethral Diode Laser Ablation, Group B 30 Patients underwent Bipolar Transurethral Vaporization as the control group.

Results
When we compared both groups of patients there was no great difference and both techniques proved great efficiency and safety on patients especially in high risk group of patients, and both of them resulted in improvement in all parameters of LUTS secondary to BPH (decrease of IPSS, increase of Q max, decrease of residual urine and PSA). There was no risk or major complication encountered in the study e.g. no significant bleeding and no risk of TUR syndrome. However operation time was shorter in laser group 22 (mean) min compared to 49 min in bipolar group. Also the mean cost of laser group was about 30000 EGP and the mean cost of bipolar group was 20000 EGP in Ain Shams University hospital. Also catheter time was shorter in laser prostatectomy 24 hours versus 48 hours in bipolar, this is done in trial to lessen the irritative effect of vaporization on the nerve ending, and avoid the expected dysuria.

Conclusion
Both techniques are considered safe and effective, similar in the outcome and both techniques has excellent hemostatic profile with no serious complications occurred in both groups. Laser is a faster technique than bipolar however it's more expensive.
Intralesional Injection of Mitomycin C Following Visual Internal Urethrotomy for Recurrent Urethral Stricture
Authors: mostafa Diaaeldin , higazy Ahmed , Mohammed Mostafa Lotfy , Salim Mohamed S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Urethral stricture is one of the oldest known urologic diseases with high recurrence rate. It is defined as narrowing of the urethral lumen caused by scarring. Injuries to the urethral epithelium or the underlying corpus spongiosum may lead to scar formation which causes narrowing of the urethral lumen leading to urethral stricture and spongiofibrosis which can lead to total replacement of the spongy tissue by scar tissue.

Aim of the Work
To asses the efficacy of Intralesional injection of mitomycin C following visual internal urethrotomy (VIU) in the management of recurrent urethral stricture.

Patients and Methods
This is prospective randomized interventional study carried on 50 male patients with recurrent bulbar urethral stricture of &lt; 1.5 cm. They were randomised to undergo either VIU only (Group-A) or VIU with MMC injections (Group-B). The urethrotomy was performed under direct vision using a cold-knife and incisions were made at the 12-, 3-, and 9- o’clock positions followed by intralesional injection of 10 mL MMC (0.4 mg/mL) using Botox injection needle. All patients were objectively evaluated pre- and postoperatively at 3 and 6 months using uroflowmetry (maximum urinary flow rate), post-void residual urine volume, and retrograde urethrography.

Results
Of all 50 patients; five missed follow-up (three in Group-A, two in Group-B), therefore 45 cases were available for analysis (22 in Group-A and 23 in Group-B). The mean (SD) age of patients was 32.0 (8.1) and 34.0 (6.2) years in Group-A and Group-B, respectively (P = 0.314). The most common cause of a urethral stricture in both groups was iatrogenic injury. Regarding stricture recurrence, there was significant decrease in Group-B (four patients, 17.4%) compared with Group- A; (ten patients, 45.5%) (P = 0.042). This study demonstrated that visual internal urethrotomy for recurrent urethral stricture with intralesional injection of 10 mL mitomycin C MMC (0.4mg/mL) decreases the recurrence rate of the urethral stricture.

Conclusion
Intralesional injection of mitomycin C following visual internal urethrotomy for recurrent urethral stricture seems to be a safe and effective modality of treatment in reducing the incidence of recurrent stricture after VIU.
The Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles (Tetrasilver Tetroxide) in Treatment of Diabetc Foot Ulcer
Authors: Soliman Abdelbary Mostafa , Rizk Mohamed Abdelmonem , Mahmoud Amr Abdelghaffar , Mohamed Hossam Abdelaziz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Uncontrolled diabetes contributes to the development of neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease by complex metabolic pathways. Loss of sensation caused by peripheral neuropathy, ischemia due to peripheral arterial disease, or a combination of these may lead to foot ulcers.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this work is to know the efficacy of the tetra silver tetroxide (silver nanoparticles) in treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. the primary endpoint is limb salvage. the secondary endpoint is wound healing, time of wound healing and number of days of dressings.

Patients and Methods
This is a prospective randomized cohort study that was conducted on 40 patients presented with DFU between 1st of January 2021to 1st of January 2022 at Ain Shams University Hospitals and Nasser institute Hospital.

Results
This study included 40 patients presented with DFU 20 Patients were treated with conventional dressing.and the other 20 Patients were treated using silver nanopartcles dressing (tetrasilver tetroxide spray and gel.) There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the number of cases with complete healing (P = 0.064). There was highly statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding time of complete healing by weeks (P = 0.000) and number of days of dressing (P = 0.000). There was statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the infection which is more in group b (P = 0.035). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding limb salvage(P = 0.136), minor amputation (P = 0.064) major amputation(P = 0.136) and mortality

Conclusion
Nano silver dressings are superior to convetional dressings regarding secondary end point (infection and time for complete wound healing and number of days of dressings) and non superior in primary endpoint (limb salvage).
Mechanical Thrombectomy by Rotarex® Device versus Chemical Thrombolysis in The Management of Acute Lower Limb Ischemia (prospective randomized study)
Authors: Ibrahim Hossameldin Ibrahim Abdelhamid , Mahmoud Abdelbary Mostafa Soliman , Abdelsalam Rizk Mohamed Abdelmonem , Omar Abdelmohsen Elkerdawi Sherif Mohamed , Mohamed El-Awady Karim Shalaby 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is one of the most frequent causes for amputation and a potentially life-threatening condition, affecting approximately 1.5 persons per 10 000 per year worldwide.

Aim of the Work
To compare safety (peri operative complications) and efficacy (the success rate, the patency rate and the limb salvage rate) of Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy (PMT) versus Catheter Directed Thrombolysis (CDT) in the management of acute thrombotic lower limb ischemia.

Patients and Methods
This prospective randomized study was conducted on 50 patients with acute thrombotic lower limb ischemia (Rutherford class I, II A) at Ain Shams University Hospitals and Helwan University Hospitals in the period between September 1st, 2021, and August 31st, 2023. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A: included 25 patients, who were treated with percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy using the Rotarex™S device (Becton, Dickinson and Company, New Jersey, USA) and Group B: included 25 patients, who were treated with catheter directed thrombolysis using drug Actilyse® (Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany) and catheter Fountain® Infusion System with Squirt® (Merit Medical Systems, Inc. California, USA).

Results
In our study, we achieved technical success rate 96% (n = 24) and 80% (n = 20) in group A and group B respectively. Regarding peri operative complications, group A showed 2 cases (8%), (1 perforation and 1 distal embolization / trash foot), and group B showed 2 cases (8%), (1 intracranial hemorrhage and 1 puncture site pseudo aneurysm). 30-day mortality wasn’t reported in any case in group A, while 2 cases were reported in group B. At 1 month follow-up, primary patency rate was 84.0% (21/25) and 81% (17/21) in group A and group B respectively and this rate declined to 62.5% (15/24) and 55.6% (10/18) at 1 year follow up. Late complications (major amputations) were recorded, 1 patient in group A and 2 patients in group B had below knee amputation, non of the patients had above knee amputation in group A, while 3 patients had above knee amputation in group B.

Conclusion
Despite that the results of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy and catheter directed thrombolysis were comparable, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy is considered more safe and efficient technique. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy was done in single session. PMT had lower mortality and morbidity, higher limb salvage and patency rate than CDT, but in PMT special attention should be given to the potential for distal embolism.
A Comparative Study on the Effect of Melatonin and Orlistat Combination vs. Orlistat Alone on High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Changes in the Adult Male Albino Rats (A Histological and Morphometric Study)
Authors: El-Sayed Gehan A , Kamar Sherif A , Mansour Maha A , El-Sayed Sayed M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis (HS), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Orlistat is a drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for long term management of weight loss, although it was linked to few cases of severe liver injury. Melatonin is one of the most potent antioxidants; it also regulates metabolic processes that lead to obesity and accumulation of fat.

Aim of the Work
to compare the effect of orlistat, melatonin, and their combination on the structural changes of the hepatic tissue of adult male albino rats fed with high fat diet (HFD).

Material and Methods
Thirty adult male albino rats divided into five groups. First group (6 rats) served as (control), second group (6 rats) served as (HFD), third group (6 rats) served as (orlistat-treated), fourth group (6 rats) served as (melatonin-treated), fifth group (6 rats) served as (orlistat and melatonin-treated). Hx&E sections were obtained. Morphometric study and statistical analysis were done.

Results
Tissues from the HFD group showed steatosis, ballooning, and inflammation and all these parameters were moderately improved-except for inflammation which was worsened with orlistat therapy- with both orlistat-treated and melatonin-treated groups. Combined orlistat and melatonin-treated group showed marked improvement of all these parameters as well as marked improvement in the hepatic fibrosis.

Conclusion
Orlistat when combined with melatonin is both safe and effective in comparison to orlistat therapy alone in treatment of obesity induced hepatic changes.
The Possible Effect of Ivermectin on the Liver of Adult Male Albino Rats
Authors: Mohamed Amin Heba Yassin , Tawfik Mohamed Kamal , Ibrahim Hussein Mohamed , Adel Khalifa Engy Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Ivermectin is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved broad-spectrum anti- parasitic agent but not FDA-approved as an antiviral drug. It was shown to have anti-viral activity against a broad range of viruses and its consumption increased significantly during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the worst pandemic in the past 100 years. So, further studies are required to detect the possible effect on the liver according to the admitted dose of ivermectin when used as an antiviral.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the current work was to study the structural changes in the liver and the biochemical changes in the liver function parameters of adult male albino rats after exposure to ivermectin in two different doses.

Material and Methods
18 adult male albino rats weighing 200 – 250 grams were used in this study. The rats were randomized into 3 groups; Group I was composed of 6 rats and served as the control group without any treatment. Group II (low dose ivermectin treated) was composed of 6 rats and received (0.4 mg/kg body weight) 4 times daily. Group III (high dose ivermectin treated) was composed of 6 rats and received (4 mg/kg body weight) 4 times daily orally via oral gavage for 28 days dissolved in distilled water. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Albumin. All the animals were sacrificed, and the liver was extracted and processed into paraffin blocks for light microscopic examination and were used for staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson Trichrome, and caspase-3 immunohistochemical reaction. A morphometric study and a statistical analysis were conducted.

Results
The general cellular morphology of the hepatocytes after ivermectin administration was greatly affected. This ranged from cellular swelling with hydropic degeneration and granular cytoplasm up to necrosis of hepatocytes. Other hepatocytes had indistinct cell boundaries and rarefied nuclei. Regarding the portal tract and blood sinusoids, they showed congestion and mononuclear cellular infiltration. Collagen deposition also showed an increase in its deposition around portal tracts and central veins. Caspase-3 showed a positive reaction. All these findings were more obvious in (Group III). Morphometric studies revealed a highly statistically significant increase in the area percentage of collagen fibers deposition and in the area percentage of caspase-3 expression. However, significant deterioration was observed in the level of ALT, AST, and ALP with no statistically significant increase in albumin levels.

Conclusion
Ivermectin oral intake as an antiviral evoked histopathological changes in the tissue when used in low and high doses which are higher doses than those required in treatment when used as an antiparasitic drug.
The Possible Ameliorative Effect of L-Carnitine against Chlorambucil Induced Testicular Oxidative Stress in Adult Male Albino Rat
Authors: Mohammed Elsaid Elrashidy Mennatulla Medhat , Rizkalla Nawal Foad , Sadek Ahmed S , Aziz Diana Eid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The upsurge in the use of anticancer agents has generated questions about the safety of these substances on normal tissues. One of these drugs is chlorambucil, which is used in the treatment of CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia). Recent clinical observational studies claimed that the use of L- carnitine might have a protective effect against a wide variety of testicular damage that might progress to male infertility.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the current work was to demonstrate the possible protective capacity of L- carnitine on the oxidative histological changes of the testes induced by chlorambucil on adult male albino rat.

Material and Methods
Forty adult male albino rats were assigned into four groups for experiment for 21 successive days. In the control group (I) rats were not subjected to any treatment. In group (II), rats received daily oral L-carnitine in dose of 500 mg per kg per day. In group (III), rats received chlorambucil orally by gastric tube at a dose of 0.2 mg per kg per day dissolved in distilled water. In group (IV), rats were co-administered L-carnitine and chlorambucil. Animals were then sacrificed, and testes specimens were weighted then processed into paraffin blocks, sectioned, and stained with H&E and PAS. Specimens were also processed for semithin sections. Morphometric study and statistical analysis were done.

Results
The histomorphology of the testes sections from chlorambucil treated groups were strongly altered by rarefaction and vacuolization in the seminiferous epithelium, germ cell exfoliation and the presence of giant cells. Further study revealed a high percentage of damaged tubules, decreased germinal epithelial height, and absence of sperms in lumina. Histological examination of testis sections from L-carnitine protected group showed a considerable amelioration of damage and vacuolations. Moreover, many sections showed normal seminiferous tubules with intact spermatogenic cells. In addition to statistically significant increase in number of damaged tubules, statistically significant decrease in weight of testis and germinal epithelial height of seminiferous tubules were found in chlorambucil treated group compared to the control group. However, statistically significant decrease in number of damaged tubules in the L- carnitine protected group was found compared to chlorambucil group. Moreover, there was significant increase in weight of testis of the L- carnitine protected group compared to chlorambucil group.

Conclusion
It is concluded that treatment with antioxidants such as L-carnitine protects against various tissue injuries such as chlorambucil induced testicular damage.
Role of Elevated Arterial Lactate as a Predictor for Contrast Induced Nephropathy Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Diabetic Patients with ACS
Authors: Shawky Elserafy Ahmed , Elshazly Ahmed , Mohamed Ali Baraka Mahmoud , Amin Elsayed Ahmed Shokry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Estimated incidence of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) from variable prospective studies varied widely and ranged from 0% and up to 24%. This is mainly due to the variation in comorbidities, basal creatinine level and other causes of acute kidney injury. The mechanism of CIN is multifactorial. It has been demonstrated that contrast media decreases the antioxidant activity in the nephron and cause direct cytotoxicity to the renal cells, as well.

Objective
To assess the role of elevated arterial lactate as a predictor for contrast induced nephropathy following percutaneous coronary intervention in Diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods
This prospective descriptive study was done on 200 diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in Ain Shams University during the study period (6 months) from 9/2023 to 2/2024.

Results
We found that higher pre procedure arterial lactate level was associated with an increased risk of CIN in diabetic patients with ACS after PCI. We found by multivariate analysis that the most statistically significant predictors for occurrence of CIN in the studied group were presence of arterial lactate &gt; 1 and whole procedure time &gt;69 min

Conclusion
Pre procedure arterial lactate is a strong independent predictor of contrast-induced nephropathy in diabetic patient with acute coronary syndrome underwent PCI.