bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural fire performance of wood-steel-wood bolted connections with and without perpendicular-to-wood grain reinforcement
Authors: Petrycki Adam Roman , Salem Osama (Sam) 
Published: October 2019

PurposeIn fire condition, the time to failure of a timber connection is mainly reliant on the wood charring rate, the strength of the residual wood section, and the limiting temperature of the steel connectors involved in the connection. The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the effects of loaded bolt end distance, number of bolt rows, and the existence of perpendicular-to-wood grain reinforcement on the structural fire behavior of semi-rigid glued-laminated timber (glulam) beam-to-column connections that used steel bolts and concealed steel plate connectors.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 16 beam-to-column connections, which were fabricated in wood-steel-wood bolted connection configurations, in eight large-scale sub-frame test assemblies were exposed to elevated temperatures that followed CAN/ULC-S101 standard time-temperature curve, while being subjected to monotonic loading. The beam-to-column connections of four of the eight test assemblies were reinforced perpendicular to the wood grain using self-tapping screws (STS). Fire tests were terminated upon achieving the failure criterion, which predominantly was dependent on the connection’s maximum allowed rotation.FindingsExperimental results revealed that increasing the number of bolt rows from two to three, each of two bolts, increased the connection’s time to failure by a greater time increment than that achieved by increasing the bolt end distance from four- to five-times the bolt diameter. Also, the use of STS reinforcement increased the connection’s time to failure by greater time increments than those achieved by increasing the number of bolt rows or the bolt end distance.Originality/valueThe invaluable experimental data obtained from this study can be effectively used to provide insight and better understanding on how mass-timber glulam bolted connections can behave in fire condition. This can also help in further improving the existing design guidelines for mass-timber structures. Currently, beam-to-column wood connections are designed mainly as axially loaded connections with no guidelines available for determining the fire resistance of timber connections exerting any degree of moment-resisting capability.
Antioxidant properties and sensory attributes of blends prepared from standardized milk and soy milk
Authors: Pratap Devendra , Halder Kumaresh , Singh Rakhi , Ojha Ankur , S. Thangalakshmi , Rani Savita 
Published: October 2019

PurposeAlthough milk is considered a vital source of nutrition for the livelihood, as the beginning of civilization, its antioxidant potential is required to be improved. This paper aims to increase antioxidant activities in milk and soy milk (Glycine maxL.) has been found as a good compatible source. Hence, the present work was planned to investigate the impact of blending of different proportions of soy milk with standardized milk (i.e. 50 per cent soy milk with 50 per cent standardized milk, 60 per cent soy milk with 40 per cent standardized milk, 70 per cent soy milk with 30 per cent standardized milk and 100 per cent standardized milk as control sample) on antioxidant properties and sensory attributes of the blends.Design/methodology/approachAntioxidant properties of the blends were determined in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power and total phenol content. Sensory evaluation was carried out using a nine-point hedonic scale based on four selected quality attributes (i.e. smell, taste, color and appearance and mouthfeel) and ranked for their quality traits by fuzzy modeling.FindingsA blend containing 70 per cent soy milk with 30 per cent standardized milk showed the highest antioxidant activities as compared to control milk sample (p < 0.05). Blend of 50 per cent soy milk with 50 per cent standardized milk was found most acceptable on the basis of sensory analysis and its antioxidant activities were also appreciable as compared to control milk sample (p < 0.05). Smell, taste, color and appearance and mouthfeel influenced the acceptability of formulated milk samples in decreasing order of significance (p < 0.05).Originality/valueThe present attempt has been made to formulate liquid milk by mixing standardized milk and soy milk, in which enhancement in the antioxidant activities of standardized milk and masking of off-flavor of soy milk is done. It is not done before and it may improve the nutritional and commercial value of the milk. Further, fuzzy modeling used for choosing appropriate blend in terms of sensory scores is also found as a novel approach.
Preparation of Hexamethyldisilazanomethacryloxyphenyl ketone (HDMK) and its copolymerization in the presence of acrylates
Authors: Naghash Hamid Javaherian , Amiri Ali 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to improve some properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) by copolymerization with butyl acrylate (BA) monomer along with the incorporation of the stable and economical synthesized silicone-containing monomer hexamethyldisilazanomethacryloxyphenyl ketone (HDMK) into the copolymer matrix.

Design/methodology/approach
For this target solution copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), BA and HDMK were carried out using a 250 mL four-necked round-bottom flask. Before solution polymerization start-up, the reaction vessel was first charged with 34.8 mL toluene and heated to 170 Â°C with stirring and reflux cooling. A monomer mixture of 25.86 g (260 mmol) MMA, 26.40 g (200 mmol) BA, 3.00 g (8.60 mmol) HDMK and 0.45 g (2.00 mmol) dibenzoyl peroxide was added continuously from the dropping funnel over a period of 4 h.

Findings
The HDMK was successfully synthesized and the water resistance of acrylic resins was improved because of the existence of HDMK.

Research limitations/implications
The materials that were used in this research paper had a reasonably low cost. Also, the procedures for synthesis of monomers and polymers were extremely easy because there was no need for high pressure or temperature and no dangerous solvents were used.

Practical implications
The acrylic resin that contained HDMK was used to synthesis a white architectural paint for exterior coating. Examining the paint characteristics has shown acceptable washing and abrasion resistance, good brushing, excellent storage stability and great surface coating.

Originality/value
HDMK was synthesized for the first time.
Endovascular treatment of a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm using a novel pericardium covered stent
Authors: Larner Brett , Maingard Julian , Ren Yifan , Kok Hong Kuan , Chandra Ronil V , Lee Michael J , Schelleman Anthony , Brooks Duncan Mark , Asadi Hamed 
Published: October 2019

SummaryVisceral and renal artery aneurysms (VRAAs) and pseudoaneurysms are rare. Their increasing incidence is largely thought to be due to advances in medical imaging. Twenty percent of VRAAs occur in hepatic arteries, with approximately fifty percent of these represented by pseudoaneurysms, which are prone to spontaneous rupture. Many treatments for VRAAs exist, with the endovascular approach being favoured. Treatment aims to preserve visceral perfusion and exclude the aneurysm; however, complex aneurysms may require parent artery or end‐organ sacrifice. Covered stents allow rapid aneurysm exclusion while preserving parent artery patency, a favourable outcome when parent artery or end‐organ sacrifice is undesirable. The AneuGraft pericardium covered stent (PCS) combines the benefits of a low‐profile covered stent with those of a low immunogenic material. We describe the endovascular treatment of a patient with a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, where parent artery sacrifice was considered unacceptable. The AneuGraft PCS was used to provide immediate and complete exclusion, with dual antiplatelet therapy for 1 week, followed by single antiplatelet use. The procedure was a technical success, with preservation of the hepatic arteries and complete exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm. There were no complications immediately following the procedure or on post‐procedural follow‐up. The pseudoaneurysm remained excluded at 6‐week CT angiogram (CTA) follow‐up. This case describes a safe and effective method for completely excluding a complex pseudoaneurysm, utilising the AneuGraft PCS, allowing for the potential management of a wider range of aneurysms with unfavourable morphology.
Modelling misclassification in multi‐species acoustic data when estimating occupancy and relative activity
Authors: Wright Wilson J. , Irvine Kathryn M. , Almberg Emily S. , Litt Andrea R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Surveying wildlife communities provides data for informing conservation and management decisions that affect multiple species. Autonomous recording units (ARUs) can efficiently gather community data for a variety of taxa, but generally require software algorithms to classify each recorded call to a species. Species classification errors are possible during this process and result in both false‐negative and false‐positive detections. Available approaches for analysing ARU data do not model the species classification probabilities, meaning erroneous detections are attributed to an omnibus source instead of the presence of another species. Additionally, counts of call recordings for each species are often summarized to binary detection data for analyses. Expanding statistical models to capture these nuances of ARU data would allow for improved inferences about occupancy and relative activity.

Motivated by bat acoustic surveys, we developed a model to analyse counts of call recordings from multiple species simultaneously while accounting for species classification errors. Our model expands on previously developed false‐positive occupancy models to better describe acoustic data. We used simulations to compare our model to other false‐positive occupancy models for an example scenario with ARU data from two species. We also analyse acoustic data for eight bat species in Montana using our model.

In simulations, single‐species models resulted in biased estimates of occupancy and relative activity because they failed to associate false positives with the presence of the second species. Models analysing binary observations ignored available information on relative activity and led to less precise estimates. Applying our model to bat acoustic data from Montana allowed for species‐specific estimates of occupancy and relative activity. This analysis illustrates the flexibility in our model framework while also highlighting the assumptions and data requirements for implementation. Specifically, additional information on the species classification probabilities is needed and we discuss considerations for reliably estimating these parameters.

Directly modelling the species classification probabilities allows for improved ecological inferences for both occupancy and relative activity using community ARU data. Our statistical framework helps address the challenges posed by acoustic data, allowing ecologists to better utilize this technology to monitor wildlife communities.
Longitudinal associations between family identification, loneliness, depression, and sleep quality
Authors: Wakefield Juliet R. H. , Bowe Mhairi , Kellezi Blerina , Butcher Andrew , Groeger John A. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThe prevalence of depression and loneliness is increasing in Western nations, and both have been shown to cause poor sleep quality, with evidence suggesting that loneliness also predicts depression. The Social Cure perspective can shed light on these relationships and thus informs the present study. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the extent of participants’ identification with a significant social group, their family, would positively predict sleep quality and that this relationship would be mediated by loneliness and depression.DesignA two‐lave longitudinal online survey was used.MethodsParticipants completed an online survey at T1 (N = 387) and 1 year later at T2 (N = 122) assessing the extent to which they identified with their family. Their loneliness, depressive symptomology, and sleep quality/insomnia severity were also measured.ResultsConsistent with predictions, cross‐sectional and longitudinal serial mediation models indicated that family identification was a negative predictor of loneliness, which in turn was a positive predictor of depression, which predicted poor sleep quality/insomnia.ConclusionsThis is the first Social Cure study to explore the mediated relationship between social identification and sleep quality. As well as advancing the Social Cure perspective, these results have implications for how health professionals understand, prevent, and treat sleep problems.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The prevalence of depression and loneliness is increasing in Western nations, and both have been shown to cause poor sleep quality.

Weak social networks have been shown to predict restless sleep over time, and that depressed mood mediates this relationship.

What does this study add?

Family identification negatively predicted poor sleep quality cross‐sectionally.

Depression and loneliness positively predicted poor sleep quality over time.

Depression and loneliness mediated the family identification–sleep quality relationship over time.
Patterns and variation in the mammal parasite–glucocorticoid relationship
Authors: Defolie Charlotte , Merkling Thomas , Fichtel Claudia 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTParasites are ubiquitous and can strongly affect their hosts through mechanisms such as behavioural changes, increased energetic costs and/or immunomodulation. When parasites are detrimental to their hosts, they should act as physiological stressors and elicit the release of glucocorticoids. Alternatively, previously elevated glucocorticoid levels could facilitate parasite infection due to neuroimmunomodulation. However, results are equivocal, with studies showing either positive, negative or no relationship between parasite infection and glucocorticoid levels. Since factors such as parasite type, infection severity or host age and sex can influence the parasite–glucocorticoid relationship, we review the main mechanisms driving this relationship. We then perform a phylogenetic meta‐analysis of 110 records from 65 studies in mammalian hosts from experimental and observational studies to quantify the general direction of this relationship and to identify ecological and methodological drivers of the observed variability. Our review produced equivocal results concerning the direction of the relationship, but there was stronger support for a positive relationship, although causality remained unclear. Mechanisms such as host manipulation for parasite survival, host response to infection, cumulative effects of multiple stressors, and neuro‐immunomodulatory effects of glucocorticoids could explain the positive relationship. Our meta‐analysis results revealed an overall positive relationship between glucocorticoids and parasitism among both experimental and observational studies. Because all experimental studies included were parasite manipulations, we conclude that parasites caused in general an increase in glucocorticoid levels. To obtain a better understanding of the directionality of this link, experimental manipulation of glucocorticoid levels is now required to assess the causal effects of high glucocorticoid levels on parasite infection. Neither parasite type, the method used to assess parasite infection nor phylogeny influenced the relationship, and there was no evidence for publication bias. Future studies should attempt to be as comprehensive as possible, including moderators potentially influencing the parasite–glucocorticoid relationship. We particularly emphasise the importance of testing hosts of a broad age range, concomitantly measuring sex hormone levels or at least reproductive status, and for observational studies, also considering food availability, host body condition and social stressors to obtain a better understanding of the parasite–glucocorticoid relationship.
Frugivory and seed dispersal by chelonians: a review and synthesis
Authors: Falcón Wilfredo , Moll Don , Hansen Dennis M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn recent years, it has become clear that frugivory and seed dispersal (FSD) by turtles and tortoises is much more common than previously thought. We here review published and unpublished records of chelonian FSD, and assess the role of chelonians as seed dispersers, from individual species to the community level. We first discuss the distribution of chelonian FSD and the characteristics of the fruit and/or seed species eaten and dispersed by chelonians. We then use the seed dispersal efficiency framework to explore the quantitative and qualitative components of seed dispersal by tortoises and turtles, embarking on a journey from when the fruits and/or seeds are consumed, to when and where they are deposited, and assess how efficient chelonians are as seed dispersers. We finally discuss chelonian FSD in the context of communities and of chelonians as megafauna. A substantial proportion of the world's aquatic and terrestrial turtles and a major part of testudinid tortoises (71 species in 12 families) include fruits and/or seeds in their diet; fruits of at least 588 plant species in 121 families are ingested and/or dispersed by chelonians. For some chelonians, overall or in certain seasons, fruit may even form the largest part of their diet. Contrary to seed dispersal by lizards, the other major reptilian frugivores, chelonian FSD is not an island phenomenon in terms of geographic distribution. Nevertheless, on islands tortoises are often among the largest native terrestrial vertebrates – or were until humans arrived. We synthesise our knowledge of chelonian FSD, and discuss the relevance of our findings for conservation and restoration, especially in relation to rewilding with large and giant tortoises.
Love Them and Hate Them: The Developmental Appropriateness of Ambivalence in the Adolescent Sibling Relationship
Authors: Campione‐Barr Nicole , Killoren Sarah E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe quality of sibling relationships has important implications for each sibling’s development, and not always in the expected ways, because both conflict and intimacy are associated with both positive and negative developmental outcomes. Additionally, these relationship qualities do not occur in isolation since sibling relationships are known as the quintessential love–hate relationship. The ambivalence (i.e., coexistence of positive and negative feelings) siblings experience toward one another during childhood and adolescence and the prevalence of this feeling make the sibling relationship unique. Ambivalence in the sibling relationship during adolescence is developmentally appropriate and may benefit individuals throughout life. In this article, we argue that adolescence is the tipping point in the sibling relationship that sets the stage for how healthy and engaged, or distant and uninvolved, relationships with siblings become in adulthood.
Safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the same session
Authors: Torres Yuste Raul , Garcia‐Alonso Francisco Javier , Sanchez‐Ocana Ramón , Cimavilla Roman Marta , Peñas Herrero Irene , Carbajo Ana Yaiza , De Benito Sanz Marina , Mora Cuadrado Natalia , De la Serna Higuera Carlos , Perez‐Miranda Manuel 
Published: October 2019

Background and AimEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage (EUS‐GBD) is an emerging option for acute cholecystitis in non‐surgical candidates. Combining endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for common bile duct stones with EUS‐GBD in a single session might become a non‐surgical management strategy to comprehensively treat gallstone disease in selected patients.MethodsSingle‐center retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes between EUS‐GBD alone (group A) and single‐session ERCP combined with EUS‐GBD (group B). Consecutive patients who underwent EUS‐GBD with a lumen‐apposing metal stent (LAMS) between June 2011 and August 2018 were analyzed. Exclusion criteria were subjects included in randomized clinical trials, patients who had had ERCP within 5 days of EUS‐GBD, patients in whom ERCP or EUS‐GBD was carried out for salvage of one or the other procedure, and patients who underwent concurrent EUS‐guided biliary drainage.ResultsOne hundred and nine consecutive patients underwent EUS‐GBD with LAMS during the study period. Seventy‐one patients satisfied the inclusion criteria and 34 patients were in group A and 37 in group B. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. There were no significant differences in technical (97.1% vs 97.3%; P = 0.19) and clinical success rates (88.2% vs 94.6%; P = 0.42) of EUS‐GBD in group A versus group B. Rate of adverse events was similar in both groups, five (14.7%) in group A versus five (13.5%) in group B.ConclusionsSingle‐session EUS‐GBD combined with ERCP has comparable rates of technical and clinical success to EUS‐GBD alone. A combined EUS‐GBD and ERCP procedure does not appear to increase adverse events and makes possible comprehensive treatment of gallstone disease by purely endoscopic means.
Improvements of right ventricular function and hemodynamics after balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kanar Batur Gonenc , Mutlu Bülent , Atas Halil , Akaslan Dursun , Yıldızeli Bedrettin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeRight ventricular (RV) function is an important factor in the prognosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in patients. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the timing and magnitude of regional RV function before and after balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and their relation to clinical and hemodynamic parameters in patients with CTEPH.Material and MethodWe enrolled 20 CTEPH patients and 19 healthy subjects in our study. Enrolled patients underwent echocardiography, right heart catheterization (RHC), and 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD) test at baseline and after the BPA.ResultsIn hemodynamic RHC measurements and clinical evaluations, mean pulmonary artery pressure (median: 53.5 mm Hg vs 37.0 mm Hg, P = .001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (median: 12 Wood units [WU] vs 7 WU, P = .001) and pro‐brain natriuretic peptide level decreased and 6MWD increased after BPA sessions. There was no statistically significant difference between before and after the BPA sessions in conventional echocardiographic measurements. In STE analysis, the electromechanical delay (EMD) between RV free wall (RVF) and LV lateral wall (LVL) (median: 65 ms vs 47.5 ms, P = .01) and RV peak systolic strain dispersion index (52 ms vs 29 ms, P = .001) were higher in patients with CTEPH than healthy controls before the BPA. Both these parameters decreased significantly after BPA.ConclusionChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension was associated with RV electromechanical delay and dispersion based on the STE analysis. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty might have an important impact on the improvement of both RV function and hemodynamics.