bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Contributions of Gas‐Particle Partitioning and Heterogenous Processes to Particulate Nitroaromatic Compounds at a Mountain Site Revealed by Observation‐Based and Multiphase Modeling
Authors: Li Min , Wang Xinfeng , Li Jiazheng , Liu Mingxuan , Li Hongyong , Zhao Min , Guo Yingzhe , Liu Yuhong , Dong Shuwei , Wu Di , Guo Zhaoxin , Xue Likun , Zhou Yang , Wang Yan , Wang Wenxing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractParticulate nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), among the major atmospheric components of light‐absorbing brown carbon, have garnered increasing attentions due to their impacts on atmospheric environment and ecological health. However, there is a scarcity of comprehensive understanding on their origins and formation pathways. In this study, 14 particulate NACs were measured at high time resolution at the summit of Mount Tai over North China Plain in winter with an average concentration of 30.5 ng m−3. The relatively higher concentrations and distinct diurnal profiles of NACs suggest the occurrence of strong secondary formation driven from polluted urban plumes transported by mountain‐valley breezes, elevated NOx and precursor levels, and strong oxidation capacity. An observationally constrained multiphase chemical box model was developed and employed to elucidate the origins and formation pathways of NACs. They mainly came from the air mass transport from the polluted urban regions to the mountaintop during the day, while the nocturnal NACs formation is dominated by the partitioning of gaseous NACs to the particle phase and heterogenous processes on aerosols. This work provides observational evidence of elevated NACs levels at high mountain site as well as modeling reference for multiphase processes of particulate NACs and the contributions from different formation pathways to a large degree addressing the problem of underestimation in traditional models.
A handheld HIV detection platform using paper-based sample preparation and real-time isothermal amplification
Authors: Adedokun George , Sidhu Gurjit , Alipanah Morteza , Wang Gary P. , Fan Z. Hugh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEarly and accurate diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is essential for timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of new infections. However, conventional nucleic-acid-based tests for HIV detection require sophisticated laboratory equipment and trained personnel, which are often unavailable at the point-of-care (POC) or unaffordable in resource-limited settings. We report our development of a low-cost, integrated platform for POC testing of HIV. The platform integrates viral nucleic acid extraction on a paper substrate and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) in a portable, battery-powered heating device with real-time detection. The platform does not require laboratory infrastructure such as power outlets. The assay showed a detection limit of 30 copies/mL of HIV RNA in 140 μL human serum or 4 copies/reaction using 50 μL human serum, with no cross-reactivity with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We validated the platform using both plasma samples spiked with HIV and clinical samples from HIV-positive individuals, and compared it with standard laboratory assays based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These results demonstrate the feasibility of our platform for HIV testing at the POC.
Miniaturized silicon-based capacitive six-axis force/torque sensor with large range, high sensitivity, and low crosstalk
Authors: Tan Renjie , Xia Yong , Han Xiangguang , Huang Linya , Gao Wendi , Jia Chen , Yang Ping , Lin Qijing , Ding Shujiang , Wang Chenying , Zhao Libo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMiniaturized six-axis force/torque sensors have potential applications in robotic tactile sensing, minimally invasive surgery, and other narrow operating spaces, where currently available commercial sensors cannot meet the requirements because of their large size. In this study, a silicon-based capacitive six-axis force/torque sensing chip with a small size of 9.3 × 9.3 × 0.98 mm was designed, fabricated, and tested. A sandwich decoupling structure with a symmetrical layered arrangement of S-shaped beams, comb capacitors, and parallel capacitors was employed. A decoupling theory considering eccentricity and nonlinear effects was derived to realize low axial crosstalk. The proposed S-shaped beams achieved a large measurement range through stress optimization. The results of a coupled multiphysics field finite-element simulation agreed well with those of theoretical analyses. The test results show that the proposed sensing chip can detect six-axis force/torque separately, with all crosstalk errors less than 2.59%FS. Its force and torque measurement ranges can reach as much as 2.5 N and 12.5 N·mm, respectively. The sensing chip also has high sensitivities of 0.52 pF/N and 0.27 pF/(N·mm) for force and torque detection, respectively.
Ezrin drives adaptation of monocytes to the inflamed lung microenvironment
Authors: Gudneppanavar Ravindra , Di Pietro Caterina , H Öz Hasan , Zhang Ping-Xia , Cheng Ee-Chun , Huang Pamela H. , Tebaldi Toma , Biancon Giulia , Halene Stephanie , Hoppe Adam D. , Kim Catherine , Gonzalez Anjelica L. , Krause Diane S. , Egan Marie E. , Gupta Neetu , Murray Thomas S. , Bruscia Emanuela M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEzrin, an actin-binding protein, orchestrates the organization of the cortical cytoskeleton and plasma membrane during cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Its role in monocytes/macrophages (MΦs) is less understood. Here, we used a monocyte/MΦ-specific ezrin knock-out mouse model to investigate the contribution of ezrin to monocyte recruitment and adaptation to the lung extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our study revealed that LPS induces ezrin expression in monocytes/MΦs and is essential for monocytes to adhere to lung ECM, proliferate, and differentiate into tissue-resident interstitial MΦs. Mechanistically, the loss of ezrin in monocytes disrupts activation of focal adhesion kinase and AKT serine-threonine protein kinase signaling, essential for lung-recruited monocytes and monocyte-derived MΦs to adhere to the ECM, proliferate, and survive. In summary, our data show that ezrin plays a role beyond structural cellular support, influencing diverse monocytes/MΦ processes and signaling pathways during inflammation, facilitating their differentiation into tissue-resident macrophages.
Lipocalin-2 promotes CKD vascular calcification by aggravating VSMCs ferroptosis through NCOA4/FTH1-mediated ferritinophagy
Authors: Wang Yujia , Zhang Yuxia , Gao Min , Chen Zhiqing , Lu Jing , Li Yongqi , Di Yan , Zhao Yinan , Liu Bicheng , Tang Rining 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVascular calcification (VC) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which no effective therapies are available. Hyperphosphatemia, a feature of CKD, is a well-known inducer of VC. High phosphate (HP)-induced ferroptosis plays a crucial role in CKD-related VC (CKD-VC), but the mechanisms remain unclear. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), an iron-trafficking protein, has been implicated in ferroptosis regulation. In the present study, the role of LCN2 as a potential mediator of CKD-VC was investigated. HP-induced LCN2 expression in the arteries of CKD-VC patients, animal models and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). LCN2 knockout (LCN2KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice fed with a high adenine and phosphate (AP) diet were studied to explore CKD-VC. Compared with WT mice, LCN2KO mice showed an amelioration of the CKD-VC induced by the AP diet. The inhibition of LCN2 also alleviated HP-induced calcium deposition and phenotypic transition in VSMCs. Conversely, VSMCs-targeted LCN2 overexpression or recombinant LCN2 treatment exacerbated CKD-VC in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)/ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1)-mediated ferritinophagy-dependent ferroptosis was involved in LCN2-mediated CKD-VC. Under HP conditions, LCN2 interacted with NCOA4, potentially accelerating the degradation of FTH1 and inducing ferroptosis. The inhibition of LCN2 may rescue the degradation of FTH1 and thus ameliorate ferroptosis, significantly suppressing VSMCs calcification. In summary, our study revealed a novel role for LCN2 induced ferritinophagy-dependent ferroptosis in CKD-VC, and targeting LCN2 might be a promising treatment for CKD-VC.
Recent advances in high-entropy superconductors
Authors: Zeng Lingyong , Li Longfu , Li Kuan , Chen Rui , Luo Huixia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
High-entropy materials (HEMs) exhibit significant potential for diverse applications owing to their tunable properties, which can be precisely engineered through the selection of specific elements and the modification of stoichiometric ratios. The discovery of superconductivity in HEMs has garnered considerable interest, leading to accelerated advancements in this field in recent years. This review provides an overview of various high-entropy superconductors, highlighting their distinct features, such as disordered crystal structure, factors affecting the critical temperature (T
c), unconventional superconductivity, and topological bands. A perspective on this field is subsequently proposed, drawing upon insights from recently published academic literature. The objective is to provide researchers with a comprehensive and clear understanding of the newly developed high-entropy superconductivity, thereby catalyzing further advancements in this domain.
A hypoxia-activated and microenvironment-remodeling nanoplatform for multifunctional imaging and potentiated immunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Song Jianwen , Wang He , Meng Xue , Li Wen , Qi Ji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractActivatable theranostic systems combining precise diagnosis and robust immune activation have significant potential in cancer treatment. Herein, we develop a versatile nanoplatform integrating hypoxia-activatable molecular imaging with effective photoimmunotherapy for cancer treatment. Our molecular probe features turn-on near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence and photoacoustic signals in hypoxic tumor environments. It also induces hypoxia-triggered photodynamic and photothermal effects, promoting immunogenic cell death and activating the STING pathway, engaging both innate and adaptive immunity. The molecular probe is formulated with a vascular disrupting agent to amplify the hypoxia-responsive phototheranostic properties, on which M1-like macrophage membrane is camouflaged to shield against premature release while conferring cancer-targeting affinity. The activatable NIR-II fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging enable precise tumor delineation, while the enhanced phototherapy activates tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells, impeding both primary and distant tumor progression and providing protective immunity against rechallenge in 4T1 tumor-bearing female mice. This work advances activatable theranostic protocols for image-guided immunotherapy.
Towards a molecular picture of the archaeal cell surface
Authors: Gaines Matthew C. , Isupov Michail N. , McLaren Mathew , Mollat Clara L. , Haque Risat Ul , Stephenson Jake K. , Sivabalasarma Shamphavi , Hanus Cyril , Kattnig Daniel , Gold Vicki A. M. , Albers Sonja , Daum Bertram 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArchaea produce various protein filaments with specialised functions. While some archaea produce only one type of filament, the archaeal model species Sulfolobus acidocaldarius generates four. These include rotary swimming propellers analogous to bacterial flagella (archaella), pili for twitching motility (Aap), adhesive fibres (threads), and filaments facilitating homologous recombination upon UV stress (UV pili). Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy to describe the structure of the S. acidocaldarius archaellum at 2.0 Å resolution, and update the structures of the thread and the Aap pilus at 2.7 Å and 2.6 Å resolution, respectively. We define features unique to archaella of the order Sulfolobales and compare their structure to those of Aap and threads in the context of the S-layer. We define distinct N-glycan patterns in the three filaments and identify a putative O-glycosylation site in the thread. Finally, we ascertain whether N-glycan truncation leads to structural changes in archaella and Aap.
Cell-type specific, inducible and acute degradation of targeted protein in mice by two degron systems
Authors: Yamashita Motoi , Ogawa Chihiro , Zhang Baihao , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Nomura Aneela , Barker Clive , Zou Chengcheng , Yamanaka Satoshi , Hayashi Ken-ichiro , Shinkai Yoichi , Moro Kazuyo , Fargarasan Sidonia , Imami Koshi , Seita Jun , Shirai Fumiyuki , Sawasaki Tatsuya , Kanemaki Masato T. , Taniuchi Ichiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite its broad application in in vitro studies, the application of targeted protein degradation (TPD) to animal models faces considerable challenges. Here, we develop inducible and cell-type specific TPD systems in mice using two degron systems: Oryza sativa TIR1F74G (OsTIR1)-auxin-inducible degron 2 (AID2) and human cereblon (hCRBN)-SALL4 degron (S4D). Efficient degradation of Satb1Venus protein by these systems recapitulates phenotypes observed in the Satb1-deficient mice. These TPD are successfully applied in both the fetal and neonatal stages. The OsTIR1-AID2 system proves to be effective for membrane proteins such as PD-1, emulating the effects of the anti-PD-1 antibody. Degradation of Bcl11b reveals a role of Bcl11b which was not characterized by the Cre-loxP system. Collectively, in vivo TPD technologies developed in this study enable inducible, temporal, and cell type-specific depletion of target proteins with high efficacy in mice. These technologies have a wide range of applications in the diverse fields of biological and medical research.
Stereoselective chemical N-glycoconjugation of amines via CO2 incorporation
Authors: Peng Zihan , Xiao Qian , Xia Yan , Xia Mingyu , Yu Jia , Fang Pengfei , Tang Yu , Yu Biao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChemical N-glycoconjugation can provide a unique way to tailor the properties of the ubiquitous amines for further expending their diverse functions and applications. Nevertheless, effective methodology for glycoconjugation of amines remains largely underdeveloped. Inspired by a biotransformation pathway of amine-containing drugs in vivo, we have developed an effective protocol that enables one-step chemical N-glycoconjugation of amines in high stereoselectivity under mild conditions. This protocol involves conversion of the amine moiety into the corresponding carbamate anion under CO2 atmosphere and a subsequent SN2 type reaction with glycosyl halides. This work provides an example of using CO2 as the coupling unit in chemical glycoconjugation reactions. A case study on the resulting N-glycoconjugates of Crizotinib, an anticancer drug, demonstrates a quick cleavage of the glucosyl carbamate linkage, testifying that this N-glyconjugation method could serve as a general approach to procure novel prodrugs.
Soil fungi remain active and invest in storage compounds during drought independent of future climate conditions
Authors: Canarini Alberto , Fuchslueger Lucia , Schnecker Jörg , Metze Dennis , Nelson Daniel B. , Kahmen Ansgar , Watzka Margarete , Pötsch Erich M. , Schaumberger Andreas , Bahn Michael , Richter Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicrobial growth is central to soil carbon cycling. However, how microbial communities grow under climate change is still largely unexplored. Here we use a unique field experiment simulating future climate conditions (increased atmospheric CO2 and temperature) and drought concomitantly and investigate impacts on soil microbial activity. We trace 2H or 18O applied via water-vapor exchange into membrane (and storage) fatty acids or DNA, respectively, to assess community- and group-level adjustments in soil microbial physiology (replication, storage product synthesis, and carbon use efficiency). We show that, while bacterial growth decreases by half during drought, fungal growth remains stable, demonstrating a remarkable resistance against soil moisture changes. In addition, fungal investment into storage triglycerides increases more than five-fold under drought. Community-level carbon use efficiency (the balance between anabolism and catabolism) is unaffected by drought but decreases in future climate conditions, favoring catabolism. Our results highlight that accounting for different microbial growth strategies can foster our understanding of soil microbial contributions to carbon cycling and feedback on the climate system.
Multiple myeloma long-term survivors exhibit sustained immune alterations decades after first-line therapy
Authors: Lutz Raphael , Grünschläger Florian , Simon Malte , Awwad Mohamed H. S. , Bauer Marcus , Yousefian Schayan , Beumer Niklas , Jopp-Saile Lea , Sedlmeier Anastasia , Solé-Boldo Llorenç , Avanesyan Bogdan , Vonficht Dominik , Stelmach Patrick , Steinbuss Georg , Boch Tobias , Steiger Simon , Baertsch Marc-Andrea , Prokoph Nina , Rippe Karsten , Durie Brian G. M. , Wickenhauser Claudia , Trumpp Andreas , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Hübschmann Daniel , Weinhold Niels , Raab Marc S. , Brors Benedikt , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Imbusch Charles D. , Hundemer Michael , Haas Simon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe long-term consequences of cancer and its therapy on the patients’ immune system years after cancer-free survival remain poorly understood. Here, we present an in-depth characterization of the bone marrow immune ecosystem of multiple myeloma long-term survivors, from initial diagnosis up to 17 years following a single therapy line and cancer-free survival. Using comparative single-cell analyses combined with molecular, genomic, and functional approaches, we demonstrate that multiple myeloma long-term survivors exhibit pronounced alterations in their bone marrow microenvironment associated with impaired immunity. These immunological alterations were frequently linked to an inflammatory immune circuit fueled by the long-term persistence or resurgence of residual myeloma cells. Notably, even in the complete absence of any detectable residual disease for decades, sustained changes in the immune system were observed, suggesting an irreversible ‘immunological scarring’ caused by the initial exposure to the cancer and therapy. Collectively, our study provides key insights into the molecular and cellular bone marrow ecosystem of long-term survivors of multiple myeloma, revealing both reversible and irreversible alterations in the immune compartment.
Ontogeny shapes individual dietary specialization in female European brown bears (Ursus arctos)
Authors: Hertel Anne G. , Albrecht Jörg , Selva Nuria , Sergiel Agnieszka , Hobson Keith A. , Janz David M. , Mulch Andreas , Kindberg Jonas , Hansen Jennifer E. , Frank Shane C. , Zedrosser Andreas , Mueller Thomas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIndividual dietary specialization, where individuals occupy a subset of a population’s wider dietary niche, is a key factor determining a species resilience against environmental change. However, the ontogeny of individual specialization, as well as associated underlying social learning, genetic, and environmental drivers, remain poorly understood. Using a multigenerational dataset of female European brown bears (Ursus arctos) followed since birth, we discerned the relative contributions of environmental similarity, genetic heritability, maternal effects, and offspring social learning from the mother to individual specialization. Individual specialization accounted for 43% of phenotypic variation and spanned half a trophic position, with individual diets ranging from omnivorous to carnivorous. The main determinants of dietary specialization were social learning during rearing (13%), environmental similarity (5%), maternal effects (11%), and permanent between-individual effects (9%), whereas the contribution of genetic heritability (3%) was negligible. The trophic position of offspring closely resembled the trophic position of their mothers during the first 3–4 years of independence, but waned with increasing time since separation. Our study shows that social learning and maternal effects were more important for individual dietary specialization than environmental composition. We propose a tighter integration of social effects into studies of range expansion and habitat selection under global change.
Synthetic augmentation of cancer cell line multi-omic datasets using unsupervised deep learning
Authors: Cai Zhaoxiang , Apolinário Sofia , Baião Ana R. , Pacini Clare , Sousa Miguel D. , Vinga Susana , Reddel Roger R. , Robinson Phillip J. , Garnett Mathew J. , Zhong Qing , Gonçalves Emanuel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Integrating diverse types of biological data is essential for a holistic understanding of cancer biology, yet it remains challenging due to data heterogeneity, complexity, and sparsity. Addressing this, our study introduces an unsupervised deep learning model, MOSA (Multi-Omic Synthetic Augmentation), specifically designed to integrate and augment the Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap). Harnessing orthogonal multi-omic information, this model successfully generates molecular and phenotypic profiles, resulting in an increase of 32.7% in the number of multi-omic profiles and thereby generating a complete DepMap for 1523 cancer cell lines. The synthetically enhanced data increases statistical power, uncovering less studied mechanisms associated with drug resistance, and refines the identification of genetic associations and clustering of cancer cell lines. By applying SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for model interpretation, MOSA reveals multi-omic features essential for cell clustering and biomarker identification related to drug and gene dependencies. This understanding is crucial for developing much-needed effective strategies to prioritize cancer targets.
Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and Offspring’s Risk of Cardiovascular diseases in Childhood and Young Adulthood
Authors: Yang Fen , Wang Ziliang , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Janszky Imre , Gissler Mika , Yuan Wei , Miao Maohua , Roos Nathalie , Wikström Anna-Karin , Li Jiong , László Krisztina D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChildren born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and of subclinical cardiovascular disease, but the association between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease in offspring is unclear. We conduct a register-based cohort study of 6 839 703 live singleton births from Denmark (1973–2016) and Sweden (1973–2014) and follow them for up to 48 years. Using Cox regression models, we find that offspring of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome have a higher risk of overall cardiovascular diseases and of its specific subtypes, independently of comorbidities related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Cousin analyzes suggest that familial confounding does not explain our results. If our findings are replicated by future studies, children of women with polycystic ovary syndrome may benefit from early cardiovascular prevention efforts.