bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neues zur Therapie von neuroendokrinen Tumoren des gastroenteropankreatischen Systems
Authors: Auernhammer Christoph Josef , Spitzweg Christine , Böck Stefan , Knösel Thomas , Bartenstein Peter 
Published: October 2019

Was ist neu?
Pathologische Klassifikation und Genetik Neu in der Klassifikation der neuroendokrinen Tumoren des GEP-Systems ist seit 2017 die seltene Entität des NET G3 in Abgrenzung vom NEC. Darüber hinaus wurde der Begriff des „mixed-neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine neoplasms“ (MINEN) eingeführt.
Therapie Über die leitlinienbasierte Therapie von NEN des GEP-Systems hinaus besteht ein „medical need“ für neue systemische Therapieansätze. Genetik, Biomarker, neue Multi-Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren und Chemotherapie-Protokolle sowie kombinierte multimodale Therapieansätze wie die Peptid-Receptor-ChemoRadio-Therapie (PRCRT) sind vielversprechende neue Optionen.
Neue zukünftige Therapiekonzepte und Perspektiven Die Immuntherapie bei NET des GEP-Systems zeigt bisher in der Monotherapie eine nur geringe Effektivität und sollte deshalb vorzugsweise in Kombinationstherapien in klinischen Studien weiter evaluiert werden.
Neue Therapieoptionen für die hereditäre Transthyretin-Amyloidose
Authors: Zibert Andree , Hüsing-Kabar Anna , Schmidt Hartmut 
Published: October 2019

Therapiekonzepte Ersetzen, Stabilisieren und Reduzieren markieren die 3 aktuellen Säulen der Therapie:
Invasive versus nichtinvasive Therapie Die Lebertransplantation (LTx) ist ein etabliertes Verfahren bei ATTR-Patienten. Eine LTx verlängert, insbesondere bei Patienten im frühen Stadium (< 50 Jahre) mit ATTRV30 M, signifikant das Überleben. Einige Nicht-ATTRV30M-Varianten weisen dagegen eine höhere Letalität nach LTx im Langzeitverlauf auf. Das Fortschreiten der Krankheit kann verlangsamt, aber nicht verhindert werden. Nichtinvasive Therapie:
Therapiealgorithmen werden aktuell durch Erfahrungen aus der gerade beginnenden Ära der TTR-Gene-Silencer aktualisiert.
Dual-Pathway-Inhibition bei Atherosklerose – wer profitiert?
Authors: Hardung David , Behne Andrea , Langhoff Ralf 
Published: October 2019

Was ist neu?
Dual-Pathway-Inhibition Die duale antithrombotische Therapie (DAT) mit Rivaroxaban in niedriger Dosis in Kombination mit Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) steht für Patienten mit stabiler Atherosklerose als neue therapeutische Option zur Verfügung 1.Die Ergebnisse der COMPASS-Studie zeigen unter der niedrig dosierten DAT eine deutliche relative Risikoreduktion der kardiovaskulären Endpunkte um 24 % bei Patienten mit stabiler peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK) oder koronarer Herzerkrankung (KHK) 2.Trotz einer leitliniengerechten medikamentösen Sekundärprophylaxe liegt die kardiovaskuläre Ereignisrate unter ASS während der mittleren Studiendauer von fast 2 Jahren bei 5,4 %. Die absolute Reduktion der Ereignisrate durch die niedrig dosierte DAT ist mit 1,3 % gering. Umso wichtiger ist es, anhand von Hochrisikomerkmalen Patientengruppen mit einer schlechteren kardiovaskulären Prognose und höherer Ereignisrate zu identifizieren, die sich für diesen Therapieansatz besonders qualifizieren 3.
Polyvaskuläre Atherosklerose Die quo ad vitam reduzierte Prognose der Patienten mit einer polyvaskulären Atherosklerose spricht für ein polyvaskuläres Screening, auch bei vermeintlich stabilen KHK- und PAVK-Patienten. Das individuelle ischämische Risikoprofil kann durch das Vorhandensein einer polyvaskulären Atherosklerose, von Begleiterkrankungen und bereits stattgehabten ischämischen Ereignissen näher bestimmt werden.
Einschränkungen der Anwendung Die niedrig dosierte Gabe von Rivaroxaban zusätzlich zur ASS-Therapie ersetzt keine therapeutische Antikoagulation. Ebenfalls liegen für die stabile Atherosklerose bisher keine Daten zu einer niedrig dosierten Rivaroxaban-Therapie und einer begleitenden dualen Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung (DAPT) vor. Aus diesem Grund kann eine Therapie nach dem „COMPASS-Schema“ nach einer endovaskulären Therapie in der klinischen Praxis frühestens nach dem Ende der DAPT begonnen werden.
Beurteilung des Blutungsrisikos Eine Intensivierung der antithrombotischen Therapie ist naturgemäß mit einer Erhöhung des Blutungsrisikos verknüpft. Daher ist die Reduktion des ischämischen Risikos individuell gegenüber dem Risiko einer Blutung abzuwägen. Eine niedrig dosierte DAT kommt besonders für Patienten mit hohem Ischämie-Risiko und niedrigem Blutungsrisiko infrage.
Ambulant erworbene Pneumonie
Authors: Rohde Gernot 
Published: October 2019

Was ist neu?
Pathogene Die Bedeutung von Atemwegsviren bei der CAP wird zunehmend beschrieben. Influenza und Rhinoviren stehen aktuell im Fokus, aber auch andere Atemwegsviren werden genannt.
Risikostratifizierung: Zusätzlich zu den etablierten Parametern stellt der Blutglukosespiegel bei Aufnahme einen zusätzlichen Risikofaktor dar.
Antibiotika Der Stellenwert der zusätzlichen Makrolid-Gabe im Rahmen einer Kombination mit einem Betalaktam-Antibiotikum wird zunehmend differenziert. Patienten mit Bakteriämie und/oder ausgeprägter Entzündungsreaktion profitieren besonders. Bei Patienten mit schwerer Pneumonie sollte immer eine Kombinationstherapie durchgeführt werden. Omadacycline und Solithromycin stellen neue interessante Antibiotika mit erweitertem Spektrum dar.
Das Lemierre-Syndrom – eine häufig übersehene Infektionserkrankung
Authors: Joost Alexander , Loose Stefan , Kramme Evelyn , Derad Inge 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 30-jähriger Lastwagenfahrer stellte sich mit Fieber und Erschöpfung vor, seit 1 Woche traten zunehmender Husten und Halsschmerzen auf. Laborchemisch waren Nierenretentionswerte und Entzündungsparameter erhöht und es zeigte sich eine ausgeprägte Thrombozytopenie. Die klinische Untersuchung ergab einen druckschmerzhaften Hals, ein Sklerenikterus, eine gerötete Rachenhinterwand und gerötete Tonsillen.
Untersuchungen Sonografisch zeigte sich eine Jugularvenenthrombose mit unscharf abgrenzbarer echoreicher Umgebungsreaktion und Lufteinschlüssen. In der Blutkultur wurde Fusobacterium necrophorum nachgewiesen.
Diagnose Lemierre-Syndrom mit eitriger abszedierender Thrombophlebitis der Vena jugularis externa rechts.
Therapie und Verlauf Unter dem klinischen Aspekt einer Sepsis mit Lungenbeteiligung, Nierenversagen, Thrombopenie, Hämolyse und Leberschädigung wurde nach Abnahme von Blutkulturen eine Antibiotikatherapie mit Ceftazidim plus Levofloxacin begonnen. Das Befinden des Patienten verschlechterte sich erneut, nachdem die Eingangsantibiotikatherapie auf Ampicillin und Clindamycin gewechselt wurde. Unter einer gezielten Antibiotikatherapie mit Meropenem und Clindamycin besserten sich die Entzündungsparameter, Nierenretentionswerte, Transaminasen und Bilirubinwerte, sodass der Patient nach insgesamt 19 Tagen in deutlich gebessertem Zustand entlassen werden konnte.
Folgerung Das Lemierre-Syndrom ist eine seltene und häufig übersehene septische Erkrankung nach Entzündung im pharyngealen Bereich, die sich typischerweise entlang der kleinen Venen mit Ausbildung einer eitrigen Thrombophlebitis nach kaudal ausbreitet, bei entsprechender Antibiogramm-gerechter antibiotischer Therapie jedoch gut beherrschbar ist.
Refluxdiagnostik – Pro MUS
Authors: Waginger Matthias , Mentzel Hans-Joachim 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der Diagnostik des vesikoureterorenalen Refluxes existieren verschiedene diagnostische Modalitäten. Im Kindesalter ist es wichtig, möglichst schonende bildgebende Verfahren einzusetzen. Mit der Miktionsurosonografie (MUS) existiert ein bildgebendes Verfahren ohne ionisierende Strahlung, das sich durch hohe Sensitivität und diagnostische Sicherheit auszeichnet. Im Beitrag wird das Vorgehen bei der Untersuchung dargestellt und die Vorteile aufgezeigt.
Establishing Reliability Criteria for Liver ElastPQ Shear Wave Elastography (ElastPQ-SWE): Comparison Between 10, 5 and 3 Measurements
Authors: Roccarina Davide , Iogna Prat Laura , Buzzetti Elena , Guerrero Misas Marta , Aricó Francesco Marcello , Saffioti Francesca , Rosselli Matteo , Pinzani Massimo , Marshall Aileen , Thorburn Douglas , Tsochatzis Emmanuel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose ElastPQ is a new elastography technique for non-invasive liver fibrosis staging. However, it does not have validated reliability criteria. We tested the reliability of a different number of measurements in patients with chronic liver disease and explored whether the application of quality criteria improves the diagnostic performance.
Materials and Methods All patients underwent liver stiffness assessment (LSM) with ElastPQ and Fibroscan (F-TE). The mean, median, standard deviation (SD) and interquartile range (IQR) of 10, 5 and 3 measurements were retrospectively collected for each patient and compared to each other. Liver histology was available in a subset of patients.
Results Overall, 400 patients met the inclusion criteria. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was the most represented etiology (75 %), followed by primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The correlation of medians was significantly better between 10 and 5 measurements than between 10 and 3. The difference of medians was significant only in the comparison between 10 and 3 measurements. The correlation between ElastPQ and F-TE was equally good for 10 and 5 measurements and significantly improved after an IQR/median ≤ 30 % was applied. The diagnostic performance of ElastPQ was better with the median value of 10 and 5 measurements and improved if LSM values were obtained with IQR/M ≤ 30 %.
Conclusion The median value of 5 valid LSMs suffices for the reliable estimation of liver stiffness using ElastPQ. The quality criterion of IQR/M ≤ 30 % should also be followed when using this technique.
Fetishizing Captain America’s sidearm: iconography, exceptionality, and the politics of representing guns
Authors: Posada Tim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn 2007, Captain America, or Cap to his peers, died outside the courthouse where he would answer for leading a band of superheroes against the government’s Superhuman Registration Act in a plot line Fox and Friends took issue with, condemning Marvel Comics for killing Cap “while we’re at war,” referring to President George W. Bush’s war on terror. In 2008, former sidekick Bucky took up the Cap banner. Legacy characters are common in comics, but fans noted an unexpected addition to the costume: a handgun. Cap’s shield, a symbol of defense, now had an offensive accent. News media outlets lauded the new gun as a “sign of the times,” as Rolling Stone said, considering it a critique on the post-9/11 cultural landscape, but fan communities felt uneasy about the decision. The gun’s presence on Bucky Cap’s belt marks a continuous period of exceptionality, the kind Giorgio Agamben warns against in State of Exception. When Bucky’s predecessor would return to the role of Captain America, the sidearm would no longer remain, but the character would confront issues related to guns, and media and fans would once again respond. Even though Cap only encounters guns a few times during the 2010s, reception to these moments is more significant than that of characters who regularly use lethal weapons. Fetishistic emphasis on Captain America’s gun exposes the state of exception inherent in all superhero media, prompting a digital discourse across professional and amateur platforms on gun-related subjects. This project analyzes how superhero media portray gun use and the subsequent reception from both news media and digital fandom. A sampling of comics, television series, and films are textually analyzed, along with digital news media and online fan forums pertaining to those examples.
Individualization of practice distribution in second language grammar learning
Authors: Suzuki Yuichi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present study was establishing to what extent individual differences in cognitive aptitudes were
associated with second language (L2) morphological acquisition under different practice distribution. Sixty participants studied
morphological rules of a novel miniature-language system in order to use them for oral production. They engaged in four training
sessions in either shorter-spaced learning (twice a week) or longer-spaced learning conditions (once a week). Their oral
production performance both during and after the training was related to their metalinguistic rule rehearsal ability (MRRA) and
working memory capacity (WMC). Multiple regression analyses revealed that MRRA predicted learners’ training and posttest
performance mainly under the longer-spaced condition, while WMC played a limited role at best under both learning conditions.
These results suggest that practice distribution may be individualized based on learners’ aptitude strengths to optimize L2
morphological learning.
Phonological short-term memory capacity and L2 oral performance
Authors: Granena Gisela , Yilmaz Yucel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhonological short-term memory (PSTM) capacity is the ability to retain verbal information briefly (Archibald & Gathercole, 2006). Since PSTM facilitates the storage of verbal material, one expects a positive relationship between PSTM and several aspects of second language (L2) learning. Some studies have found a relationship between PSTM and oral production skills, such as fluency (e.g.,O’Brien et al., 2006). This paper reports on the results of a study that looked at the inter-relations between complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF), and between these dimensions and PSTM. One hundred and thirty-five L2 learners of Spanish participated in the study. Results showed that performance in one L2 speech dimension did not have a negative impact on performance in another dimension, but that as complexity increased or decreased, there was a better chance of fluency than accuracy also increasing or decreasing. PSTM capacity was related to complexity and fluency, but not to accuracy. These results were interpreted as lending some support to Skehan’s Trade-off Hypothesis (Skehan, 2009).
IR and Raman markers of Fe(II) spin state in the spin-crossover complex of iron(II) nitrate with tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane
Authors: Gerasimova T P , Vandyukov A E , Katsyuba S A , Lavrenova L G , Shekurov R P , Khrizanforov M N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The spin-scrossover transition of [Fe(HC(3,5-Me2pz)3)2](NO3)2 complex has been studied by means of vibrational spectroscopy. Analysis of experimental and quantum-chemically computed IR and Raman spectra allows to find vibrational markers of LS and HS states of the complex under study. It was shown that in a whole being once found the IR-markers can be used for related compounds with substituted ligands if the substitution do not involve the groups responsible for the markers. The bands of such groups can be used as internal standart due to their insensitivity to metal spin state.
Global unsustainable virtual water flows in agricultural trade
Authors: Rosa Lorenzo , Chiarelli Davide Danilo , Tu Chengyi , Rulli Maria Cristina , D’Odorico Paolo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the reliance of global food production on unsustainable irrigation practices, which deplete freshwater stocks and environmental flows, and consequently impair aquatic ecosystems. Unsustainable irrigation is driven by domestic and international demand for agricultural products. Research on the environmental consequences of trade has often concentrated on the global displacement of pollution and land use, while the effect of trade on water sustainability and the drying of over-depleted watercourses has seldom been recognized and quantified. Here we evaluate unsustainable irrigation water consumption (UWC) associated with global crop production and determine the share of UWC embedded in international trade. We find that, while about 52% of global irrigation is unsustainable, 15% of it is virtually exported, with an average 18% increase between year 2000 and 2015. About 60% of global virtual transfers of UWC are driven by exports of cotton, sugar cane, fruits, and vegetables. One third of UWC in Mexico, Spain, Turkmenistan, South Africa, Morocco, and Australia is associated with demand from the export markets. The globalization of water through trade contributes to running rivers dry, an environmental externality commonly overlooked by trade policies. By identifying the producing and consuming countries that are responsible for unsustainable irrigation embedded in virtual water trade, this study highlights trade links in which policies are needed to achieve sustainable water and food security goals in the coming decades.
Hierarchical Urchin-like Spinel CuxCo3-xO4 Particles as Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Acedera R A E , Balela M D L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, spinel CuxCo3-xO4 (x = 0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50) was synthesized through a typical ethanol-assisted hydrothermal route. The effect of the incorporation of copper on the resulting morphology, structure, and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of the spinel Co oxides was investigated. In general, Cu-doped samples exhibited improved OER activity associated to the reduction of electrical resistivity of the spinel due to the presence of Cu2+ into the lattice. Further, the ionic bonding of OH− with Cu2+ is weaker relative to the Co3+ ions at the octahedral sites, which could have facilitated OER better. Among the Cu concentration experimented, Cu0.5Co2.5O4 exhibited the best OER catalytic with an onset overpotential and Tafel slope of about 271 mV and 100.4 mV·dec−1, respectively. This is attributed to its better conductivity due to the absence of a resistive secondary CuO phase.
Thermal Degradation of Polysiloxanes Containing Chloropropyl Groups
Authors: Dong Fuying , Li Shuaijie , Wang Chenxing , Zhang Meng , Xie Guoqiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We synthesized a series of polysiloxanes containing chloropropyl groups, and studied its thermal stability and degradation mechanism through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of the introduced chloropropyl units on the thermal degradation behavior of polysiloxanes was discussed. The depolymerization of the main chain of polysiloxane was accelerated by increasing the molar content of chloropropyl groups. The introduction of chloropropyl groups can cause the formation of a cross-linking network in the residue of polysiloxanes at 800 °C and restrain the formation of volatile components.
MOCVD growth GaN on sapphire
Authors: Abdullaev O , Mezhenny M , Chelny A , Savchuk A , Ahmerov Yu , Rabinovich O , Murashev V , Didenko S , Osipov Yu , Sizov S , Orlova M , Aluyev A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The n-type and p-type a-GaN films were successfully grown on a r-sapphire substrate, according to X-ray diffractometer and SEM results parameters measurement. The growth rate versus the growth temperature was investigated. The holes concentration (8x1017 cm−3) was achieved by the Cp2Mg flow optimization and the parameters of thermal annealing in nitrogen. The GaN film growth rate dependence versus temperature at a constant hydrogen flow through a TEG source was investigated. The results indicate that defects density is reduced upto 104 cm−2, the surface morphology uniformity was improved. During growth the influence from V/III flows ratio was detected.
Effect of sintering parameters on the densification and hardness of NiAl-CNTs composite
Authors: Awotunde M A , Ayodele O O , Adegbenjo A O , Okoro A M , Shongwe M B , Olubambi P A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nickel aluminides have attracted considerable interest in the past few decades owing to its unique properties. In this work, nickel aluminide (NiAl) was formed in-situ during spark plasma sintering of admixed powders of nickel, aluminium and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) after ball milling. 1 wt % CNTs was incorporated into the intermetallic matrix and the effect of varying sintering parameters investigated, particularly the sintering temperature and pressure. Results showed that a combination of higher sintering temperature with lower pressure yielded better results than lower sintering temperature and higher pressure. Thus the former parameters yielded better densification and subsequently higher micro hardness values of the NiAl-CNTs composites as compared to the latter.
Tensile properties of the reclaimed steel rail flash butt joint
Authors: Pawan Anuar , Salleh Zuraidah , Zulkefli Akid H , Taib Ya’kub Md , Alisibramulisi Anizahyati , Masdek Nik Roslin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The development of the public transportation vehicles such as railway train had an incredible impact on the expansion of human mobility. In constructing the railways, quality assurance must be considered as it is very important to the project. The Malaysian Public Works Department (PWD) has undertaken the East Coast Line Track Rehabilitation Project between Gemas to Mentakab, which is estimated to cost RM220mil, these 123 km-long railway rehabilitation projects would use the reclaimed rails rather than the new rails. The reclaimed rail was manufactured according to the European standard EN 13674-1 and previously installed on site were examined and tested before could safely use in this track rehabilitation project. The reclaimed rails are analysed using ultrasonic inspection, hardness test, tensile test and micro examination to ascertain the safety values of mechanical properties such as tensile properties, hardness properties and microscopic morphology which regards to the composition of the welding joint and rail. Thus, to determine the reclaimed rails able to withstand forces applied on it without causing failure.
Analysis of deformation characteristics of high-strength reinforced concrete beams under explosion load
Authors: Liao Z , Tang D G , Shao L Z , Li Z Z , Yang D P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The dynamic response and failure characteristics of reinforced concrete beams under explosion loads are affected by various factors. To study the effect of reinforcement strength on the deformation properties of RC beams and to analyze the deformation differences of high-strength RC beams under different explosion loads, comparative explosion tests on two kinds of simply supported RC beams with longitudinal reinforcement yield strength of 400 MPa and 700 MPa were carried out respectively in this paper. The test results show that the deformation of the mid-span section concrete of the high-strength RC beam is basically the same as that of the ordinary RC beam when the peak overpressure value is small, and the strength advantage of the high-strength reinforcement has not been fully exerted. With the increase of explosion load, the maximum tensile strain and compressive strain of concrete at the mid-span section of high-strength RC beams are 46.6% and 43.5% of ordinary RC beams respectively. Under the action of high overpressure explosion load, the deformation of RC beams can be significantly reduced by high-strength reinforcement, which limits the development of cracks.