bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor Impairment Trends in Extremely Preterm Children: 1991–2005
Authors: Spittle Alicia J. , Cameron Kate , Doyle Lex W. , Cheong Jeanie L. ,   for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
There are increasing numbers of surviving children who were born extremely preterm (EP; gestational age &lt;28 weeks) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW; birth weight &lt;1000 g). Our objective in this study was to compare the rates of motor impairment at 8 years of age between 3 cohorts of EP and/or ELBW and term-born children to establish if motor impairment rates are changing over time.

METHODS:
All children born EP and/or ELBW in the calendar years of 1991–1992, 1997, and 2005 in Victoria, Australia, were recruited at birth. Randomly selected normal birth weight (&gt;2499 g) and term-born controls were matched for expected date of birth, sex, and sociodemographic status. At 8 years’ corrected age, motor impairment was defined as cerebral palsy (CP) or a score less than the fifth centile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children for the 1991–1992 and 1997 cohorts and less than or equal to the fifth centile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition for the 2005 cohort.

RESULTS:
Motor impairment was more likely in children born EP and/or ELBW compared with children born at term for all epochs. There was a significant increase in motor impairment in EP and/or ELBW children over the 3 eras, from 23% in 1991–1992 and 26% in 1997 to 37% in 2005 (χ2trend = 10.2; P = .001). This was due to an increase in non-CP motor impairment (13% in 1991 to 1992; 15% in 1997; 26% in 2005; χ2trend = 12.5; P &lt; .001), not CP (11% in 1991 to 1992; 11% in 1997; 12% in 2005).

CONCLUSIONS:
The rate of motor impairment in EP and/or ELBW children assessed at 8 years of age increased between eras, an increase caused by non-CP motor impairment.
Legal Considerations in Sign Code Development
Authors: Weinstein Alan 
Published: March 2018

Legal considerations have always played a critical role in the development of a sign code, but that role has taken on renewed importance in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court's recent ruling in Reed v. Town of Gilbert, Ariz., 135 S.Ct. 2218 (2015). A detailed analysis of Reed is obviously beyond the scope of this paper. For our purposes, it is sufficient to note that the Reed Court announced a far more stringent test to determine whether a sign code's provisions are "content-neutral" or "content-based." In short, the Court ruled that any sign code provision that "on its face" considers the message on a sign to determine how it will be regulated is content-based. The practical effect of finding that a sign code provision is content-based is to heighten the judicial scrutiny of such a provision if challenged. A provision that is content-neutral is subjected only to intermediate judicial scrutiny: the provision will be upheld if government can demonstrate that the regulation serves a substantial governmental interest and is narrowly-tailored to achieve that interest. In contrast, a provision that is content-based is subjected to strict judicial scrutiny: the provision will be upheld only if government can demonstrate that the regulation serves a compelling governmental interest and is the least restrictive alternative to achieve that interest.
Inconel 718 Süper Alaşımın Plazma Kaynak Yöntemi ile Birleştirilmesinde Akım Şiddetinin Etkisi
Authors: Katı Nida , Bölükbaşı Mustafa , Ozan Sermin 
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmada Havacılık ve
Nükleer enerji sektöründe sıklıkla kullanılmakta olan Nikel bazlı Inconel 718
süper alaşımı plazma Kaynağı ile birleştirilmiştir ve birleştirme işleminde
130-140-160-180 ve 200 A olmak üzere beş farklı akım kullanılarak akım
şiddetinin kaynaklı birleştirme üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Yapılan kaynak
işleminde ilerleme hızı 0.1 m/dk ve gaz
debisi ise 0.5 lt/dk. olarak sabit tutulmuş olup, kaynak işlemi numunelerin
sadece tek yüzeyine uygulanmıştır. Kaynak işlemi sonrasında numunelere çekme
testi uygulanmış ve mikrosertlik ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda
numunelerin birleşme noktalarında akım şiddetinin artması ile birlikte
nüfuziyetin ve çekme mukavemetinin arttığı sertlik değerlerinin ise akım
şiddetinden etkilenmediği gözlemlenmiştir.
Evaluating ‘homegrown’ research networks in Africa
Authors: Adelle Camilla , Elema Nico , Chakauy Ereck , Benson David 
Published: March 2018

Attempts to improve the policy environment have led to a growing pressure on governments in Africa to embark on policymaking that is more evidence based and considers a wide spectrum of scientific and indigenous knowledge. Local – or ‘homegrown’ – research networks on the continent can help strengthen the role of scientific knowledge in policymaking by increasing the capacity of researchers and by enhancing the visibility and communication of the research produced. While a large number of regional and sub-regional research networks have sprung up in Africa, the mere existence of networks does not guarantee their success. In reality, the impact of research networks on the science–policy interface depends on how well the networks operate in practice. We present a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of research networks in a way that is comparable across networks. The evaluation framework was used to evaluate two sub-regional research networks: the NEPAD Southern African Networks of Water Centres of Excellence (SANWACTE) and the NEPAD Southern African Network for Biosciences (SANBio). The evaluation revealed some shared constraints limiting the effectiveness of both networks, including uneven regional representation, asymmetry between network members, and difficulties in securing sufficient, diverse and sustainable resources. Further research into network design and funding models is suggested in order to enhance the role of these networks in providing locally appropriate knowledge for policymaking on the continent.
Significance:

While a large number of research networks have sprung up in Africa, the mere existence of networks does not guarantee success.
Uneven regional representation, power asymmetries, and limited funding constrain the effectiveness of research networks.
role of the Square Kilometre Array in South Africa’s economic development strategy
Authors: Bhogal Nishana 
Published: March 2018

This study was undertaken to understand factors inhibiting and enabling the impact of the Square Kilometre Array South Africa (SKA SA) on the South African knowledge economy. A critical review of relevant literature revealed four themes, which are considered to be the main pillars crucial for engendering a knowledge economy: institutions, interrelationships, innovation and individuals. These pillars form the basis for the 4I model developed in this paper, the relevance of which in stimulating a knowledge economy was investigated. This study revealed no additional pillars, thus validating the 4I model in relation to SKA SA’s contribution to the knowledge economy. SKA SA’s success is underpinned by open and inclusive institutions, fostering and leveraging interrelationships, promoting innovation that may be commercialised, and attracting, retaining and training suitable individuals. Furthermore, this study provides a deeper insight into the 4I model by revealing new sub-themes that apply in a broader context, including the role of a nation’s inherent competitive advantage in informing its competitive and innovation strategy, the nature of interrelationships that may be multidimensional, and politically astute leadership that is crucial for the ongoing support of a publicly funded project. This deeper understanding of the 4I model forms a basis for strengthening each pillar and its impact on the knowledge economy.
Significance:

The 4I model, which is necessary for engendering a knowledge-based economy, is introduced.
The role of a nation’s inherent competitive advantage may inform its competitive and innovation strategy.
A nation’s institutions must be both inclusive and open for a knowledge-based economy to thrive.
Interrelationships may be multidimensional in nature, including multidisciplinary, international and cross-sector collaboration.
Politically astute leadership is crucial for the ongoing support of publicly funded projects.
review of South Africa’s National Research Foundation’s ratings methodology from a social science perspective
Authors: Callaghan Chris 
Published: March 2018

One of South Africa’s National Research Foundation’s (NRF) activities is to award ratings to academics who apply according to predefined categories. Explicitly or not, these ratings are part of submissions academics make for promotions and for employment in South African universities. As such, methodological assessment of the validity of this system is important. This paper seeks to conceptually evaluate certain characteristics of this system against certain general principles of reliability and validity. On the basis of the results of this evaluation, it is argued that assumptions that the NRF rating system is always valid or reliable as a differentiator of individual academics cannot be made unconditionally. Using Management Science as an example of a social science field that draws from multidisciplinary theoretical and methodological frameworks, this paper identifies certain validity issues associated with the current NRF rating system, and makes recommendations for improvements.
Significance:

Certain validity issues are highlighted and arguments are made to improve the methodology used by the NRF to rate researchers.
Issues related to multidisciplinarity and mode two knowledge production are considered.
Technological advances that have made it possible for scientific measurement of research productivity and impact are discussed.
Problems with subjective methodologies are identified, together with their ethical consequences.
DIAGNÓSTICO BIOCLIMÁTICO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE AVES DE CORTE EM DIFERENTES MUNICÍPIOS DO RS
Authors: Oliveira Zanandra Boff , Knies Alberto Eduardo 
Published: March 2018

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o diagnóstico bioclimático para a produção de aves de corte em diferentes municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados de temperatura média compensada (TMC) e umidade relativa compensada (URC), referentes ao período compreendido entre 1961 e 1990, disponíveis no site do INMET, para os municípios de: Cachoeira do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Guaporé, Lagoa Vermelha, Passo Fundo, Santana do Livramento, São Gabriel e Uruguaiana. Os valores do Índice de Umidade e Temperatura (ITU) para avicultura de corte foram calculados através da equação proposta por Bunffington et al. (1982). Os resultados demonstram que nas três primeiras semanas de vida dos animais, prevalece o ITU inferior ao de conforto, já a partir da terceira semana, prevalece o ITU superior ao de conforto. Na média dos municípios, o ITU fica na faixa de conforto durante quatro meses do ano para a criação de aves com uma, duas, três e seis semanas de vida e, cinco meses do ano para a criação de aves com quatro e cinco semanas de vida. Assim, o presente diagnóstico indica, para o RS, a necessidade de modificações no ambiente de criação, tanto de aquecimento quanto de resfriamento, para atender as das aves de corte em diferentes idades.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Índice de Temperatura e Umidade; Avicultura; Ambiência. BIOCLIMATIC DIAGNOSIS FOR BROILERS PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT RIO GRANDE DO SUL MUNICIPALITIESABSTRACT: This study aimed the bioclimatic diagnosis of broilers production in different municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. For this average temperature compensated (TMC) and offset relative humidity (URC) INMET data from 1961 to 1990 were used. from the following municipalities: Cachoeira do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Guapore, Lagoa Vermelha, Passo Fundo, Santana do Livramento, Sao Gabriel, and Uruguaiana. The values of Temperature and Humidity Index (ITU) for poultry production were calculated using the equation proposed by Bunffington (1977). The results demonstrate that in the first three weeks of life of the animals, the prevailing ITU lower than comfort, as from the third week, reigns ITU higher than comfort. The average of the municipalities, the ITU is the comfort range for four months of the year for rearing birds with one, two, three and six weeks of life, and five months for poultry with four and five weeks life. Thus, the present diagnostic indicates to the RS, the need for changes in the environment, either as heating cooling, to meet as the broilers of cut at different ages.KEYWORDS: Temperature and Humidity Index; Poultry farming; Ambience.
CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM DOS GRÃOS DE FEIJÃO CULTIVAR IPR TANGARÁ
Authors: Quequeto Wellytton Darci , Siqueira Valdiney Cambuy , Ferranti Lineu Franco , Schoeninger Vanderleia , Leite Rafael Araujo 
Published: March 2018

O feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é um produto de grande importância na alimentação humana devido as suas excelentes propriedades nutricionais, sendo uma das mais tradicionais fontes de proteína consumida. No entanto, se os processos pós-colheita aplicados a esta cultura forem realizados de forma inadequada podem comprometer essas propriedades. Diante da importância da cultura e das consequências dos processos pós-colheita mal conduzidos na sua qualidade, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho descrever o comportamento da secagem dos grãos de feijão cultivar IPR Tangará, por meio do ajuste de diferentes modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais de secagem, determinar as propriedades termodinâmicas, bem como o coeficiente de difusão efetivo e a energia de ativação do processo. Os grãos de feijão foram coletados com teor de água inicial de aproximadamente 30% (b.u., base úmida), e submetidos à secagem nas temperaturas de 40, 45, 50, 55 e 60 ºC, em condições controladas. Aos valores de razão de umidade dos grãos de feijão foram ajustados nove modelos matemáticos, utilizados para a representação do fenômeno de secagem de diversos produtos agrícolas. Os modelos de Page, Midilli, Dois Termos, Logarítmico, Thompson, Aproximação da Difusão, e Valcam são adequados para a representação da secagem dos grãos de feijão cultivar IPR Tangará. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo aumenta com a elevação da temperatura do ar de secagem. Os valores de entalpia e entropia específica são inversamente proporcionais à temperatura do ar de secagem, enquanto que a energia livre de Gibbs aumenta com a elevação da temperatura do ar.
АНОДНОЕ ОКИСЛЕНИЕ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ИОННЫХ ФОРМ СЕРИНА НА Pt(Pt)-ЭЛЕКТРОДЕ
Authors: Kuleshova N. E. , Vvedenskii A. V. , Bobrinskaya E. V. 
Published: March 2018

Методами циклической линейной вольтамперометрии, вращающегося дискового электрода и кулонометрии, а также ИК-спектроскопии изучено влияние рН среды на процессы анодного окисления серина на платинированном платиновом электроде. Определены области потенциалов электрохимического превращения аминокислоты. Показано, что электроокисление серина происходит с участием 2 электронов в кислой и щелочной средах и 4 электронов – при окислении цвиттериона. Установлено, что вне зависимости от рН раствора анодное окисление серина осуществляется из адсорбированного состояния; предложена возможная кинетическая схема процесса.
О ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МЕТАСТАБИЛЬНОЙ ФАЗЫ Al3Si В КОМПОЗИТНЫХ ПЛЕНКАХ Al-Si, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ ИОННО-ЛУЧЕВЫМ И МАГНЕТРОННЫМ НАПЫЛЕНИЕМ
Authors: Terekhov V. A. , Usoltseva D. S. , Serbin O. V. , Zanin I. E. , Kulikova T. V. , Nesterov D. N. , Barkov K. A. , Sitnikov A. V. , Lazaruk S. K. , Domashevskaya E. P. 
Published: March 2018

Исследованы фазовый состав и электронное строение композитных пленок Al-Si вблизи состава Al0.75Si0.25 на подложке Si(100), полученных магнетронным и ионно-лучевым напылением. При магнетронном напылении в поликристаллической Al матрице образуются нанокристаллы кремния размерами ~25 нм и упорядоченный твердый раствор Al3Si кубической сингонии Рm3m с параметром примитивной ячейки a = 4.085 Å. Пленки, полученные ионно-лучевым напылением, однофазны и содержат только упорядоченный твердый раствор Al3Si.
При этом образование фазы Al3Si сопровождается изменением характера распределения плотности Al 3s-состояний. Вместо параболического характера роста плотности состояний в нижней и средней части валентной зоны (как в чистом металле) наблюдается почти линейный. Аналогичный эффект отмечается для Si 3s-состояний.
Кроме того, взаимодействие атомов Al и Si приводит к уменьшению плотности Al 3s-состояний вблизи уровня Ферми в результате перехода части электронов на более электроотрицательные атомы кремния.
Селективное вытравливание алюминия в случае магнетронной пленки приводит к формированию нанопористой губчатой структуры, а для ионно-лучевой пленки селективное травление не приводит к появлению развитой морфологии, что подтверждает ее однофазность.
Последующий импульсный фотонный отжиг (ИФО) ионно-лучевых пленок дозами 145-216 Дж/см2 приводит к частичному распаду фазы Al3Si с формированием металлического алюминия и нанокристаллов кремния с размерами 50-100 нм в зависимости от дозы ИФО. Последующее травление образца, подвергнутого ИФО, ведет к получению развитой нанопористой структуры.

Работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки России в рамках государственного задания ВУЗам в сфере научной деятельности на 2017-2019 годы. Проект № 3.6263.2017/ВУ.
МИКРОВОЛНОВЫЙ СИНТЕЗ ОРТОФЕРРИТА ВИСМУТА
Authors: Tomina E. V. , Ivanova O. V. 
Published: March 2018

Предложена методика активированного микроволновым и ультразвуковым излучением синтеза нанопорошка ортоферрита висмута. Микроволновое воздействие с последующей ультразвуковой обработкой синтезируемых образцов BiFeO3 при использовании в качестве осадителя гидроксида натрия позволяет получать химически однородный нанопорошок (данные рентгенофазового анализа, инфракрасной спектроскопии) при значительном снижении энергоемкости процесса. Методом просвечивающей электронной микроскопии установлено, что частицы BiFeO3 имеют близкую к сферической форму, для них характерна небольшая дисперсия по размерам в интервале 35-60 нм.

Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РФФИ (№ 16-43-360595 р_а). Исследования проведены с использованием оборудования Центра коллективного пользования научным оборудованием Воронежского государственного университета
Razones poéticas en los umbrales de la Ilustración temprana. Desde los «Fragmentos del ocio»
Authors: Ruiz Pérez Pedro 
Published: March 2018

RESUMENDesde la segunda mitad del XVII hasta mediados del siglo siguiente se extiende una línea poética que trabaja con elementos persistentes desde la primera fase del barroco, pero con una articulación y un significado en el que se perciben las huellas del cambio. Una de las líneas de esta estética bajobarroca representa un paso en la dirección adoptada después por la poética neoclásica e ilustrada, y puede concretarse en la reordenación de las relaciones entre sentimiento y razón. Este estudio toma como punto de partida el poemario anónimo Fragmentos del ocio (1668, reeditado en 1683), reconocido como de Juan Gaspar Enríquez de Cabrera, y, a partir de un análisis del empleo del término «razón» y su concepto, se apoya en las variantes de una diacronía que lo acerca al siglo XVIII para abordar una proyección de los rasgos observados en la caracterización de la poética bajobarroca. Se destacan como elementos distintivos un novedoso sentido de la inmanencia, la redefinición del lugar social de la poesía y de la posición de su autor y, finalmente, la tendencia a la poesía de circunstancias. Con ellas la sentimentalidad abandona su condición de componente definitorio de la lírica y abre paso a una racionalidad ligada a los nuevos modelos de sociabilidad e ideales expresivos.PALABRAS CLAVEEnríquez de Cabrera, Fragmentos del ocio, razón, bajo barroco, poética, campo literario. ABSTRACTSince the second half of the seventeenth century a poetic current is developed until the middle of the next century, working with persistent elements from the first phase of the Baroque, but with a joint and a meaning where the traces of change are perceived. One line of this bajobarroca aesthetic represents a step in the direction that the neoclassical and illustrated poetry take after, and it may be materialized in the reconstructing of the relationship between feeling and reason. This study takes as its starting point the anonymous book of poetry Fragmentos del ocio (1668, reprinted 1683), whose author was Juan Gaspar Enriquez de Cabrera. From an analysis of the use “reason” and its concept, the study is based in the variants in a diachrony that brings the work near the eighteenth century. So, it is possible to map out the features observed in the characterization of the low baroque poetic. They are outstanding categories a new sense of immanence, the redefinition of the social place of poetry and of position of the author, and, finally, the tendency to the poetry of circumstances. With them, the sentimentality leaves his condition of essential component of lyric and gives way to rationality linked to models of sociability and expressive ideals.KEYWORDSEnríquez de Cabrera, Fragmentos del ocio, reason, low baroque, poetics, literary field
La musa casera: poesía de circunstancias y estética bajobarroca en el «Ramillete poético de las discretas flores» (1706) de José Tafalla Negrete
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez Antonio 
Published: March 2018

RESUMENAl estudiar los textos preliminares del Ramillete poético de las discretas flores (1706) de José Tafalla y Negrete comprobamos la ambigua reacción de los editores ante la posición de la poesía en la sociedad del Bajo Barroco. El «discreteo», actitud relajada, tono oral e incluso prosaico de esta poesía fue consecuencia de su nuevo papel en la sociedad, en la que servía para promover la interacción en reuniones informales. El Ramillete representa esas características estéticas del Bajo Barroco (prosaísmo, oralidad, predominio de la circunstancia, tono y temática distendidos), pero los prologuistas las percibieron como un problema, al menos en contraste con una decisión (imprimir los poemas) que alteraba esencialmente la función social de los textos de Tafalla.PALABRAS CLAVEJosé Tafalla y Negrete, Ramillete poético de las discretas flores, prosaísmo, función social de la poesía, paratextos, Bajo Barroco. ABSTRACTThe preliminary texts to José Tafalla y Negrete’s Ramillete poético de las discretas flores (1706) shows the editors’ ambiguous reaction to the position of poetry in Low Baroque society. This poetry’s discreteo, its relaxed attitude, and its oral —even prosaic— tone, stemmed from its new social role as facilitator of interaction in informal meetings. Tafalla’s Ramillete clearly represents these Low Baroque aesthetics (prosaic and oral tone, importance of the social circumstances surrounding the poem, relaxed tone and themes), but the writers who penned the preliminary texts to the book perceived them as problematic, as they were in contrast to a decision (printing the poems in a book) that essentially altered the social function of Tafalla’s poems.KEYWORDSJosé Tafalla y Negrete, Ramillete poético de las discretas flores, prosaic tone, social function of poetry, paratexts, Low Baroque.