bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renin–Angiotensin Inhibition and Outcomes in Nursing Home Residents With Heart Failure
Authors: Arundel Cherinne , Sheriff Helen M. , Lam Phillip H. , Mohammed Selma F. , Jones Linda G. , Jurgens Corrine Y. , Morgan Charity J. , Faselis Charles , Allman Richard M. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Ahmed Ali 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs-ARBs) improve outcomes in heart failure (HF). Less is known about this association in nursing home (NH) residents.

Methods:
Of the 8024 hospitalized HF patients, 542 were NH residents, of whom 250 received ACEIs-ARBs. We assembled a propensity score–matched cohort of 157 pairs of NH residents receiving and not receiving ACEIs-ARBs balanced on 29 baseline characteristics (mean age, 83 years, 74% women, 17% African American), in which we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcomes associated with ACEI-ARB use. We then checked for interaction in a matched cohort of 5130 patients (378 were NH residents) assembled from the 8024 patients.

Results:
Among 314 matched NH residents, HRs (95% CIs) for 30-day all-cause readmission, HF readmission, and all-cause mortality were 0.78 (0.47–1.28), 0.68 (0.29–1.60), and 1.26 (0.70–2.27), respectively. Respective HRs (95% CIs) at 1 year were 0.76 (0.56–1.02), 0.68 (0.42–1.09), and 1.04 (0.78–1.38). Among 5130 matched patients, ACEI-ARB use was associated with a significantly lower risk of all outcomes at both times, with no significant interactions, except for 1-year mortality, which was only significant in the non-NH subgroup (P for interaction, 0.026).

Conclusions:
We found no evidence that the use of ACEIs or ARBs is associated with improved outcomes in patients with HF in the NH setting. However, we also found no evidence that this association is different in NH residents with HF versus non-NH patients with HF. Future larger studies are needed to demonstrate effectiveness of these drugs in the NH setting.
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infection in solid organ transplant recipients: implications for outcome and treatment
Authors: Silva Jose Tiago , Fernández-Ruiz Mario , Aguado Jose Maria 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the best therapeutic option for both acute and chronic end-stage diseases. The development of more potent and safer immunosuppressants and the improvement of prophylactic practices have significantly diminished the morbidity and mortality associated with rejection and opportunistic infections. However, infections produced by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) have recently emerged as a significant threat.

Recent findings
The Spanish Society of Transplantation (SET), the Group for Study of Infection in Transplantation of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (GESITRA-SEIMC) and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI) have recently published their recommendations concerning the management of MDR GNB infections in SOT recipients. We review this guideline, and also the most recent available evidence, focusing on donor-derived infections, colonized recipients and therapeutic approaches.

Summary
Overall, donor and recipient colonization is associated with an increased risk of infection by MDR GNB, although none of these circumstances constitutes an absolute contraindication to transplantation. SOT recipients with risk factors for MDR GNB infection should receive an empirical treatment which includes potentially active antibiotics. Targeted therapy should be adjusted according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and severity of infection.
Current management of Gram-negative septic shock
Authors: Vincent Jean-Louis , Mongkolpun Wasineenart 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Sepsis is a common condition in critically ill patients and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis is the result of infection by many potential pathogens, including Gram-negative bacteria. There are no specific antisepsis therapies and management relies largely on infection control and organ support, including hemodynamic stabilization. We discuss these key aspects and briefly mention potential immunomodulatory strategies.

Recent findings
New aspects of sepsis management include the realization that early treatment is important and that fluids and vasopressor agents should be administered simultaneously to insure rapid restoration of an adequate perfusion pressure to limit development and worsening of organ dysfunction. New immunomodulatory therapies, both suppressive and stimulatory, are being tested.

Summary
Early diagnosis enabling rapid treatment can optimize outcomes. The multiple components of adequate sepsis management necessitate a team approach.
The ligand-mediated affinity of escort proteins determines the directionality of lipophilic cargo transport
Authors: Cheng Yi-Yun , Huang Yun-Fang , Lin Hsin-Hui , Wayne Chang Wun-Shaing , Lyu Ping-Chiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntracellular cargo transport is a highly dynamic process. In eukaryotic cells, the uptake and release of lipophilic ligands are executed by escort proteins. However, how these carriers control the directionality of cargo trafficking remains unclear. Here, we have elucidated the unliganded structure of an archetypal fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) and found that it possesses stronger binding affinity than its liganded counterpart towards empty nanodiscs. Titrating unliganded FABP and nanodiscs with long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) rescued the broadening of FABP cross-peak intensities in HSQC spectra due to decreased protein-membrane interaction. Crystallographic studies revealed that the tails of bound LCFAs obstructed the charged interfaces of the FABP–nanodisc complexes. We conclude that the lipophilic ligands, by taking advantage of escort proteins with high conformational homogeneity and nanodiscs as the third interaction partner involved in this transport study, participate directly in the control of their own transportation in an irreversible, unidirectional fashion.
BioModelos: a collaborative online system to map species distributions
Authors: Velásquez-Tibatá Jorge , Olaya-Rodríguez María H. , López-Lozano Daniel , Gutiérrez César , González Iván , Londoño-Murcia y María C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInformation on species distribution is recognized as a crucial input for biodiversity conservation and management. To that end, considerable resources have been dedicated towards increasing the quantity and availability of species occurrence data, boosting their use in species distribution modeling and online platforms for their dissemination. Currently, those platforms face the challenge of bringing biology into modeling by making informed decisions that result in meaningful models. Here we describe BioModelos, a modeling approach supported by an online system and a core team, whereby a network of experts contributes to the development of species distribution models by assessing the quality of occurrence data, identifying potentially limiting environmental variables, establishing species’ accessible areas and validating qualitatively modeling predictions. Models developed through BioModelos become publicly available once validated by experts, furthering their use in conservation applications. This approach has been implemented in Colombia since 2013 and it currently consist of a network of nearly 500 experts that collaboratively contribute to enhance the knowledge on the distribution of a growing number of species and where it has aided the development of several decision support products such as national risk assessments and biodiversity compensation manuals. BioModelos is an example of operationalization of an essential biodiversity variable at a national level through the implementation of a research infrastructure that enhances the value of open access species data.
A novel approach reveals that HLA class 1 single antigen bead-signatures provide a means of high-accuracy pre-transplant risk assessment of acute cellular rejection
Authors: Wittenbrink Nicole , Herrmann Sabrina , Blazquez-Navarro Arturo , Gulberti Alessandro , Bauer Chris , Lindberg Eric , Reinke Petra , Sawitzki Birgit , Thomusch Oliver , Hugo Christian , Babel Nina , Seitz Harald , Or-Guil Michal 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAcute cellular rejection (ACR) is associated with complications after kidney transplantation, such as graft dysfunction and graft loss. Early risk assessment is therefore critical for the improvement of transplantation outcomes. In this work, we retrospectively analyzed a pre-transplant HLA antigen bead assay data set that was acquired by the e:KID consortium as part of a systems medicine approach. The data set included single antigen bead (SAB) reactivity profiles of 52 low-risk graft recipients (negative complement dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch, PRA<30%) who showed detectable pre-transplant anti-HLA 1 antibodies. To assess whether the reactivity profiles provide a means for ACR risk assessment, we established a novel approach which differs from standard approaches in two aspects: the use of quantitative continuous data and the use of a multiparameter classification method. Remarkably, it achieved significant prediction of the 38 graft recipients who experienced ACR with a balanced accuracy of 82.7% (sensitivity=76.5%, specificity= 88.9%). The resultant classifier achieved one of the highest prediction accuracies in the literature for pre-transplant risk assessment of ACR. Importantly, it can facilitate risk assessment in non-sensitized patients who lack donor-specific antibodies. As the classifier is based on continuous data and includes weak signals, our results emphasize that not only strong but also weak binding interactions of antibodies and HLA 1 antigens contain predictive information.
A hierarchical watershed model of fluid intelligence in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Fuhrmann D. , Simpson-Kent I. L. , Bathelt J. ,   the CALM team, Kievit R. A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFluid intelligence is the capacity to solve novel problems in the absence of task-specific knowledge, and is highly predictive of outcomes like educational attainment and psychopathology. Here, we modelled the neurocognitive architecture of fluid intelligence in two cohorts: CALM (N= 551, aged 5 - 17 years) and NKI-RS (N= 335, aged 6 - 17 years). We used multivariate Structural Equation Modelling to test a preregistered watershed model of fluid intelligence. This model predicts that white matter contributes to intermediate cognitive phenotypes, like working memory and processing speed, which, in turn, contribute to fluid intelligence. We found that this model performed well for both samples and explained large amounts of variance in fluid intelligence (R2CALM= 51.2%,R2NKI-RS= 78.3%). The relationship between cognitive abilities and white matter differed with age, showing a dip in strength around ages 7 - 12 years. This age-effect may reflect a reorganization of the neurocognitive architecture around pre- and early puberty. Overall, these findings highlight that intelligence is part of a complex hierarchical system of partially independent effects.
Fetal bovine serum-triggered Titan cell formation and growth inhibition are unique to theCryptococcusspecies complex
Authors: Dylag Mariusz , Colon-Reyes Rodney , Kozubowski Lukasz 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn the genusCryptococcus,C. neoformansandC. gattiistand out by the number of virulence factors that allowed those fungi to achieve evolutionary success as pathogens. Among the factors contributing to cryptococcosis is a peculiar morphological transition to form giant (Titan) cells. Formation of Titans has been describedin vitro. However, it remains unclear whether non-C. neoformans/non-C. gattiispecies are capable of titanisation. Based on a survey of several basidiomycetous yeasts, we propose that titanisation is unique toC. neoformansandC. gattii. In addition, we find that underin vitroconditions that induce titanisation, fetal bovine serum (FBS) possesses activity that inhibits growth ofC. gattiiand killsC. neoformansif incubation is conducted in the absence of 5% CO2. Moreover, lowering of pH or addition of an antioxidant, rescues growth in the presence of FBS and allows titanisation even in the absence of 5% CO2. Strikingly, acapsular mutants,cap10Δ andcap59Δ, show complete or partial reduction of titanisation, respectively and a partial resistance to growth inhibition imposed by the FBS. Our data implicate titanisation as a unique feature ofC. neoformansandC. gattiiand provide novel insights about the nature of this unusual morphological transition.
Study on the Difference of Prokaryotic Flora Structure on the Surface of Micro-nano Coating with Different Antifouling Property
Authors: Gu Qingze , Zhang Aihan , Yan Zhengyu , Guo Changlu , Zhang Zhizhou 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTLow surface energy composite antifouling coatings prepared from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have good values for investigation of biofouling-related biological questions on marine biofilm. In order to deeply study the mechanism of antifouling on the surface of CNTs-PDMS coatings, it is necessary to investigate the structure of the microbial flora in the early biofilm on the coating surface. In the present study, the specific aim of this study was to investigate the structure differences of prokaryotic flora in biofilm samples at the early stage of biofouling through 16S rDNA based high-throughput DNA sequencing. By annotating high-throughput DNA sequencing results, this study identified dominant prokaryotic phyla and genera in biofilms of CNTs-PDMS coatings and identified significant differences in microbial composition and its dynamics among different coatings. Though the analysis of the Shannon index, Simpson index, Chao1 index and ACE index, coatings with better antifouling properties and antifouling properties have significant differences in community diversity and abundance, indicating different antifouling properties can affect the type and content of biofilm communities. According to the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), time and temperature are more related to microbial community distribution, while the diameter and length of nanomaterials are less correlated. Through this study, the differences in microbial composition and content of prokaryotic communities, differences in diversity and abundance of sample communities, the differences between multiple samples and the correlation with important environmental factors were preliminarily analyzed, which laid a decent foundation for further research on the mechanism of anti-fouling on the surface of CNTs and PDMS coatings.
The dynamics of spawning acts by a semelparous fish and its associated energetic costs
Authors: Tentelier Cédric , Bouchard Colin , Bernardin Anaïs , Tauzin Amandine , Aymes Jean-Christophe , Lange Frédéric , Recapet Charlotte , Rives Jacques 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring the reproductive season, animals have to manage both their energetic budget and gamete stock. In particular, for semelparous capital breeders with determinate fecundity and no parental care other than gametic investment, the depletion of energetic stock must match the depletion of gametic stock, so that individuals get exhausted just after their last egg is laid and fertilized. Although these budgets are managed continuously, monitoring the dynamics of mating acts and energy expenditure at a fine temporal scale in the wild is challenging.This study aimed to quantify the individual dynamics of spawning acts and the concomitant energy expenditure of female Allis shad (Alosa alosa) throughout their mating season.Using eight individual-borne accelerometers for one month, we collected tri-axial acceleration, temperature, and pressure data that we analysed to i) detect the timing of spawning acts, ii) estimate energy expenditure from tail beat frequency and water temperature, and iii) monitor changes in body roundness from the position of the dorsally-mounted tag relative to the vertical plane.Female shad had a higher probability to spawn during warmer nights, and their spawning acts were synchronized (both individually and inter-individually) within each active night. They experienced warmer temperature, remained deeper, swan more slowly and spent less energy during daytime than night time. Over one month of spawning, they performed on average 15.75 spawning acts, spent on average 6 277 kJ and died with a significant portion of residual oocytes. The acceleration-based indicator of body roundness was correlated to condition coefficient measured at capture, and globally decreased through the spawning season, although the indicator was noisy and was not correlated to changes in estimated energy expenditure.Despite significant individual variability, our results indicate that female shad exhausted their energetic stock faster than their egg stock. Water warming will increase the rate of energy expenditure, which might increase the risk that shad die with a large stock of unspent eggs. Although perfectible, the three complementary analyses of acceleration data are promising for in situ monitoring of energy expenditure related to specific behaviour.
Conditional approach as cooperation in predator inspection: a role for serotonin?
Authors: Nogueira Pimentel Ana Flávia , dos Santos Carvalho Tamires , Lima Fernando , Lima-Maximino Monica , Soares Marta Candeias , Maximino Caio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn guppies (Poecilia reticulata), a small number of individuals break away from a shoal and approach a potential predator, a behavior termed “predator inspection”. These animals often employ a “conditional approach” strategy, in which an individual approaches the predator in the first move and subsequently approaches it only if a second individual swims even with it during inspection. This strategy is analogous to the “tit-for-tat” strategy of the Prisoner’s Dilemma, suggesting that it could be used to study cooperation. Serotonin is thought to mediate cooperative behavior in other fish species. Exposure to the animated image of a predator in a tank that contained a parallel mirror – mimicking an equally cooperating conspecific – promoted inspection and decreased refuge use, but increased freezing, suggesting that conditional approach is also associated with fear. To understand whether serotonin participates in conditional approach in guppies, we treated animals with either vehicle (Cortland’s salt solution), fluoxetine (2.5 mg/kg) or metergoline (1 mg/kg), and tested then in a predator inspection paradigm. Fluoxetine increased the time the animal spent inspecting the predator image, while metergoline decreased it. Fluoxetine also decreased time spent avoiding the predator and increased freezing, while metergoline decreased freezing. These results suggest that phasic increases in serotonin levels promote conditional approach, suggesting a role for this neurotransmitter in cooperation.Preprint: https://doi.org/10.1101/436345; Data and scripts: https://github.com/lanec-unifesspa/TFT
A complex symbiosis involving within species variation in the response ofDictyosteliumamoebae toBurkholderiabacteria
Authors: Shu Longfei , Brock Debra A. , Geista Katherine S. , Miller Jacob W. , Queller David C. , Strassmann Joan E. , DiSalvo Susanne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent symbioses, particularly facultative ones, are well suited for unravelling the evolutionary give and take between partners. Here we look at variation in wild-collected samples of the social amoebaDictyostelium discoideumand their relationships with bacterial symbionts,Burkholderia hayleyellaandBurkholderia agricolaris. Only about a third of field-collected amoebae carry a symbiont. We cured and cross-infectedD. discoideumhosts with different symbiont association histories and then compared the responses of the amoebae to each symbiont type. Before curing, field-collected clones did not vary significantly in overall fitness, but infected hosts produced morphologically different multicellular structures. After curing and re-infecting, host fitness declined overall. However, naturalB. hayleyellahosts suffered fewer fitness costs when re-infected withB. hayleyella,indicating that they have evolved mechanisms to tolerate their naturally acquired symbiont. Exploring relationships between endosymbionts and hosts that vary within species may also reveal much about disease dynamics.
Measuring the Importance of Vertices in the Weighted Human Disease Network
Authors: Almasi Seyed Mehrzad , Hu Ting 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany human genetic disorders and diseases are known to be related to each other through frequently observed co-occurrences. Studying the correlations among multiple diseases provides an important avenue to better understand the common genetic background of diseases and to help develop new drugs that can treat multiple diseases. Meanwhile, network science has seen increasing applications on modeling complex biological systems, and can be a powerful tool to elucidate the correlations of multiple human diseases. In this article, known disease-gene associations were represented using a weighted bipartite network. We extracted a weighted human diseases network from such a bipartite network to show the correlations of diseases. Subsequently, we proposed a new centrality measurement for the weighted human disease network in order to quantify the importance of diseases. Using our centrality measurement to quantify the importance of vertices in the weighted human disease network, we were able to find a set of most central diseases. By investigating the 30 top diseases and their most correlated neighbors in the network, we identified disease linkages including known disease pairs and novel findings. Our research helps better understand the common genetic origin of human diseases and suggests top diseases that likely induce other related diseases.
Diffusion Acceleration with Gaussian process Estimated Reconstruction (DAGER)
Authors: Wu Wenchuan , Koopmans Peter J , Andersson Jesper , Miller Karla L 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeImage acceleration provides multiple benefits to diffusion MRI (dMRI), with in-plane acceleration reducing distortion and slice-wise acceleration increasing the number of directions that can be acquired in a given scan time. However, as acceleration factors increase, the reconstruction problem becomes ill-conditioned, particularly when using both in-plane acceleration and simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging. In this work, we develop a novel reconstruction method for in-vivo MRI acquisition that provides acceleration beyond what conventional techniques can achieve.Theory and MethodsWe propose to constrain the reconstruction in the spatial (k) domain by incorporating information from the angular (q) domain. This approach exploits smoothness of the signal in q-space using Gaussian processes, as has previously been exploited in post-reconstruction analysis. We demonstrate in-plane acceleration exceeding the theoretical parallel imaging limits, and SMS combined with in-plane acceleration at a total factor of 12. This reconstruction is cast within a Bayesian framework that incorporates estimation of smoothness hyper-parameters, with no need for manual tuning.ResultsSimulations and in vivo results demonstrate superior performance of the proposed method compared with conventional parallel imaging methods. These improvements are achieved without loss of spatial or angular resolution and require only a minor modification to standard pulse sequences.ConclusionThe proposed method provides improvements over existing methods for diffusion acceleration, particularly for high SMS acceleration with in-plane undersampling.