bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapeutic resistance: a nano-mechanical point of view
Authors: Nyongesa Collins Otieno , Park Soyeun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Chemotherapeutic resistance is one of the main obstacles for cancer remission. To understand how cancer cells acquire chemotherapeutic resistance, biochemical studies focusing on drug target alteration, altered cell proliferation, and reduced susceptibility to apoptosis were performed. Advances in nano-mechanobiology showed that the enhanced mechanical deformability of cancer cells accompanied by cytoskeletal alteration is a decisive factor for cancer development. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM)–based nano-mechanical studies showed that chemotherapeutic treatments reinforced the mechanical stiffness of drug-sensitive cancer cells. However, drug-resistant cancer cells did not show such mechanical responses following chemotherapeutic treatments. Interestingly, drug-resistant cancer cells are mechanically heterogeneous, with a subpopulation of resistant cells showing higher stiffness than their drug-sensitive counterparts. The signaling pathways involving Rho, vinculin, and myosin II were found to be responsible for these mechanical alterations in drug-resistant cancer cells. In the present review, we highlight the mechanical aspects of chemotherapeutic resistance, and suggest how mechanical studies can contribute to unravelling the multifaceted nature of chemotherapeutic resistance.
Iodine in excess in the alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pattern as well as histomorphometric changes in associated organs
Authors: Sarkar Deotima , Chakraborty Arijit , Saha Adipa , Chandra Amar K 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Iodine is a nonpareil constituent of thyroid hormones (THs) and a prime regulator of thyroid gland functioning. Although essential at recommended levels for the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), exposure to excess iodine reportedly causes hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and several other emerging deleterious impacts. The objective of the present study is to explore the influence of excess iodide exposure on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism along with the histoarchitecture of certain associated organs such as the pancreas, liver, kidney, and skeletal and cardiac muscle because information on those aspects was found to be scanty.

Methods
Twelve rats were taken, six were fed with iodine through gavage at a dose of 3.5 mg potassium iodide (KI)/100-g body weight, which corresponded to 500 times of the physiological daily dosage of iodide for a period of 60 days, while the other six formed the control group.

Results
KI-treated rats presented high body weight and urinary iodine with low TH levels, suggesting a primary thyroid dysfunction. There was an increase in blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), while high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels decreased. Tissue glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscle was decreased and was increased in the heart and kidney. Histological sections of the pancreas showed a complete disruption with hardly recognizable histoarchistructure. Treated liver sections displayed the broadened central vein with degenerated hepatocytes, while skeletal muscle sections showed dissolution of muscle fibre cells linked with loss of glycogen from these organs. Histological changes in the heart include features similar to those of a fatty heart with cardiac muscles mutilation, while that of the kidney shows an increase in glomerular tuft size and Bowman’s space expansion with general deterioration.

Conclusions
It may thus be concluded that excess iodine exposure for a long duration causes the development of a biochemical state of hypothyroidism. The developed hypothyroidism was found responsible for the hyperglycaemic and hypercholestromic status evident by high blood glucose and cholesterol levels and the depletion of glycogen at its storage sites in the liver and skeletal muscle but the extra deposition in the cardiac muscle and kidney; histomicrophotographs showed severe destruction of the pancreatic structure. All these alterations are conducive for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
Immune response and inflammatory pathway of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Tatiya-aphiradee Nitima , Chatuphonprasert Waranya , Jarukamjorn Kanokwan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic relapsing inflammatory disease. Although the etiology of UC remains unclear, it could be characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, starting from the rectum and potentially involving the entire colon. The immune response and inflammatory pathway of UC have shown that tissue damage is driven by dynamic and complexes of cells and cytokines. Various types of cells, including antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), T helper cells, regulatory T cells, and natural killer T cells, play a crucial role in UC pathogenesis by regulation, suppression, and maintenance of inflammation. Moreover, cytokine networks become an important part due to their signaling function, which is indispensable for cell communication. Pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-33] play significant roles in upregulation, while anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-β, IL-10, and IL-37) play significant roles in downregulation of disease progression. The pathogenesis of UC consists of immuno-inflammatory pathways related to the multiple components of the intestine, including the epithelial barrier, commensal microflora, antigen recognition, dysregulation of immunological responses, leukocyte recruitment, and genetic factors. The understanding of immuno-inflammatory pathways of UC might lead to the development of a specific therapy and/or a novel treatment that could be more efficient.
Medieval Transculturality in the Mediterranean from a Literary-Historical Perspective. The Case of Rudolf von Ems’ Der guote Gêrhart (ca. 1220–1225)
Authors: Classen Albrecht 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Most scholars working on the concept of transculturality consider it a modern phenomenon, but we can discover forms of transculturality already in the Middle Ages, and this in terms of political, scholarly, artistic, medical and literary exchanges. Within the framework of Mediterranean Studies, this article examines the extraordinary case of Rudolf von Ems’ Der guote Gêrhart (ca. 1220–1225) which illustrates how much the Mediterranean world proved to be a highly useful backdrop for the description of transcultural exchanges between the protagonist and a Moroccan castellan, Stranmûr. The verse narrative is based on the experiences of a wealthy Cologne merchant who proves to be extraordinarily open to other cultures, languages and religions and encounters an equally minded Muslim lord. We would not be far off by describing the poet’s projections as a case of medieval tolerance.
Substitutional effect of copper on the cation distribution in cobalt chromium ferrites and their structural and magnetic properties
Authors: Zeeshan Talat , Anjum Safia , Iqbal Hina , Zia Rehana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA series of copper substituted cobalt chromium ferrites, CuxCo1-xCr0.5Fe1.5O4(x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) has been synthesized, by employing powder metallurgy method. Calcination of the samples has been carried out for 24 hours at 1100 °C. The resultant materials have been investigated by using a variety of techniques, including X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The XRD patterns confirmed that all compositions had a cubic spinel structure with a single phase and the lattice parameter was found to increase with increasing copper concentration. FT-IR spectroscopy has been used for studying the chemical bonds in the spinel ferrite. Shifting of the bands ν1and ν2has been observed. It has been revealed from VSM analysis that saturation magnetization and coercivity decrease with rising the Cu+2doping. Magnetic properties have been explained on the basis of cation distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to study the surface morphology of prepared samples. UV-Vis analysis revealed the optical absorption of the samples. An increase in band gaps has been observed with increasing copper concentration in the sample.
Crystal structure of di-μ2-aqua-tetraaqua-bis(4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoato-κN)disodium(I) C18H24N6Na2O10
Authors: Gao Xiaonan , Zhang Cun-Lan , Fu Ai-Yun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
C18H24N6Na2O10, triclinic, P1̄, a = 6.223(2) Å, b = 7.385(2) Å, c = 14.295(4) Å, α = 75.491(6)°, β = 77.953(6)°, γ = 70.523(6)°, V = 593.9(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0517, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1533, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of (4-nitrophenyl) (5-ferrocenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) methanone, C21H12F3FeN3O3
Authors: Guo Ying , Ruan Ban-Feng 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
C21H14F3FeN3O3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.961(3) Å, b = 11.136(4) Å, c = 11.588(4) Å, α = 76.357(10)°, β = 84.998(10)°, γ = 76.989(10)° V = 972.1(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0509, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1304, T = 273(2) K.
Application of Fenton’s reagent degrades dissolved and colloidal substances in old corrugated container white water
Authors: Li Mingfu , Li Guangxing , Liu Yi , Jin Ye , Zhang Kelei , Luo Lianxin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Fenton’s reagent has strong oxidizing properties and can effectively remove refractory organic pollutants. Fenton’s reagent was applied to deal with the dissolved colloidal substance (DCS) in the white water of old corrugated container (OCC). The optimum reaction condition on Fenton treatment was analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM) based on response values of DCS and CODCr. The result indicated that the optimized condition is as following, pH is 2.45, a mass ratio of H2O2 and CODCr is 1.1 and a mole ratio of FeSO4 and H2O2 is 0.35. Under the optimum condition of a single factor experiment, the experimental results showed that the removal rate of CODcr and DCS was 90.68 % and 1.61 g/L respectively, which was consistent with the response surface analysis prediction values. During the Fenton oxidation, the particle sizes of DCS decreased, the ions content and turbidity of the white water decreased, however the electrical conductivity and zeta potential of the white water raised slightly. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis proved that benzoic acid and nonandioic acid can be effectively removed by Fenton’s reagent, however the content of dehydroabietic acid decreased by 24.07 %.
Effect of oil cakes and garlic aqueousbased formulations of trichoderma viride on management of meloidogyne incognita in chilli
Authors: Nirosha A. , Rajeshkanna S. , Mikunthan G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) is a major threat to chilli (Capsicum annum) cultivation, by forming root galls and subsequent wilting. These nematodes live in soil, roots debris and reported surviving in other Solanaceae crops. Chemical application of nematicides cause impact on environment, therefore biocontrol using antagonistic fungi is desired to tackle this problem. This research is aimed to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma viride and its formulations on management of M. incognita. Oil cakes such as neem (Azadiracta indica), gingelly (Sesamum indicum), Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) and garlic (Allium sativum) extracts were used to evaluate the growth and sporulation of T. viride. Chilli variety MI-2 was used. Among the four preparations, neem oil cake recorded high spore yield of 1.75 ×107 spores/ml. Similarly gingelly oil cake and garlic produced the spore yields of 1.57 ×107 spores/ml and 1.368 ×107 spores/ml, respectively. Comparatively Mahua oil cake obtained low spore yield of 7.87×106 spores/ml. Plant growth was significant (P<0.05) in the application of neem oil cake formulation (30.42 cm). Extent of galling was significantly low with garlic (9.00) and neem (9.25). These results confirmed that the formulations of neem, gingelly oil cake extracts and garlic aqueous extract stimulated the chilli plant growth, productivity and reduced the nematode infestation. Above all, neem oil cake and garlic are the best formulations that can be used to manage M. incognita
Trends in Academic Library Space: From book boxes to learning commons
Authors: Oliveira Silas M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Top management in academic/university libraries must play a more significant role within the academic setting by reorganizing library spaces or building new libraries that will be aligned with the new teaching pedagogies and today’s students’ learning preference styles. The aim of this review is to present and discuss trends related to how librarians are redefining academic libraries’ buildings and spaces in order to be better aligned to current pedagogies and students’ learning styles and needs
Cross-Sectional HIV Incidence Estimation with Missing Biomarkers
Authors: Morrison Doug , Laeyendecker Oliver , Konikoff Jacob , Brookmeyer Ron 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in the development of approaches for HIV incidence estimation based on a cross-sectional survey for biomarkers of recent infection. Multiple biomarkers when used in combination can increase the precision of cross-sectional HIV incidence estimates. Multi-assay algorithms (MAAs) for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation are hierarchical stepwise algorithms for testing the biological samples with multiple biomarkers. The objective of this paper is to consider some of the statistical challenges for addressing the problem of missing biomarkers in such testing algorithms. We consider several methods for handling missing biomarkers for (1) estimating the mean window period, and (2) estimating HIV incidence from a cross sectional survey once the mean window period has been determined. We develop a conditional estimation approach for addressing the missing data challenges and compare that method with two naïve approaches. Using MAAs developed for HIV subtype B, we evaluate the methods by simulation. We show that the two naïve estimation methods lead to biased results in most of the missing data scenarios considered. The proposed conditional approach protects against bias in all of the scenarios.
Swollen Scapula as the First Clinical Feature of Disseminated Malignant Disease
Authors: Babic Aleksandra , Vukov Vladimir , Milanovic Sofija , Aleksic Aleksandra , Tomasic Ljiljana 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Metastases to the scapula are very rare as a primary clinical presentation of malignancies. In this Case Report have been described two cases of metastases to the scapula which gave the presenting clinical features of different disseminated carcinomas in patients in good performance status (ECOG 1). In the first case, detailed examination revealed that swollen scapula was the result of cancer that had spreadfrom the rectum. In the second case, the scapulacancer metastasisoriginated from the cervix. Good condition of patients, despite widespread diseases, allowed the systemic and palliative treatment, which had resulted in the clinical improvement, slower progress of disease and improvement of patient’s quality of life.
Ginnalin A and SB203580 show additive effect on Hep-3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
Authors: Vural Hasibe , Özden Pınar , Avcı Ebru 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
Investigation of the anticarcinogenic effects of natural products with low toxicity is very important in the development of new therapeutic strategies against cancer. Ginnalin A (GA) is one of the most important phenolic compounds of Acer genus and its anticancer effect has been shown that in various cancer cell lines. SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, can inhibit cell proliferation independently of p38 MAPK. The objective of this study was to investigate combination effect of GA and SB203580 on Hep-3B cell line.

Material and methods
Cell viability was determined by using XTT method after the treatment with GA, SB203580 and combination of both. Anticarcinogenic effects of GA and SB203580 both in single and in combination have been analyzed with Caspase-3 activity assay and expression levels of important genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by qPCR.

Results
GA and SB203580 have shown additive effect on Hep-3B cells in the combination inhibited 50% of cell viability. And, SB203580 increased the effect of GA on activation of Caspase-3 and expressions of genes important in apoptosis and cell cycle.

Conclusion
This study indicates that GA and SB203580 can be an effective for development of new therapeutic strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Actuators for Flow Control in Turbine Engines: Simulation of Flight Conditions in the Laboratory by Density Matching
Authors: Ashpis David E. , Thurman Douglas R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We address requirements for laboratory testing of AC Dielectric Barrier Discharge (AC-DBD) plasma actuators for active flow control in aviation gas turbine engines. The actuator performance depends on the gas discharge properties, which, in turn, depend on the pressure and temperature. It is technically challenging to simultaneously set test-chamber pressure and temperature to the flight conditions. We propose that the AC-DBD actuator performance depends mainly on the gas density, when considering ambient conditions effects. This enables greatly simplified testing at room temperature with only chamber pressure needing to be set to match the density at flight conditions. For turbine engines, we first constructed generic models of four engine thrust-classes; 300-, 150-, 50-passenger, and military fighter, and then calculated the densities along the engine at sea-level takeoff and altitude cruise conditions. The range of chamber pressures that covers all potential applications was found to be from 3 to 1256 kPa (0.03 to 12.4 atm), depending on engine-class, flight altitude, and actuator placement in the engine. The engine models are non-proprietary and can be used as reference data for evaluation requirements of other actuator types and for other purposes. We also provided examples for air vehicles applications up to 19,812 m (65,000 ft).
Biodiversity and full genome sequence of potato viruses Alfalfa mosaic virus and potato leaf roll virus in Egypt
Authors: Abdel Aleem Engy E. , Taha Radwa M. , Fattouh Faiza A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Solanum tuberosum (potato) is the second most important vegetable crop in Egypt. It is locally consumed, manufactured or supplied for export to Europe and other Arab countries. Potato is subject to infection by a number of plant viruses, which affect its yield and quality. Potato virus Y (PVY), potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) were detected in major potato-growing areas surveyed. Multiplex-RT-PCR assay was used for the detection of these three viruses in one reaction using three specific primer pairs designed to amplify genomic parts of each virus (1594 bp for PLRV, 795 bp for AMV, 801 bp for PVY). All three viruses were detected in a single reaction mixture in naturally infected field-grown potatoes. Multiplex RT-PCR improved sensitivity necessary for the early detection of infection. Incidence of single, double, or triple infection has been recorded in some locations. Full-length sequencing has been performed for an Egyptian FER isolate of PLRV. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was shown to occupy the same clade with isolate JokerMV10 from Germany. Complete nucleotide sequence of an Egyptian FER isolate of AMV and phylogenetic analysis was also performed; we propose that it is a new distinct strain of AMV belonging to a new subgroup IIC. This is the first complete nucleotide sequence of an Egyptian isolate of AMV. Genetic biodiversity of devastating potato viruses necessitates continuous monitoring of new genetic variants of such viruses.
Recursive Algorithms for Modeling Genomic Ancestral Origins in a Fixed Pedigree
Authors: Zheng Chaozhi , Boer Martin P , van Eeuwijk Fred A 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe study of gene flow in pedigrees is of strong interest for the development of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping methods in multiparental populations. We developed a Markovian framework for modeling ancestral origins along two homologous chromosomes within individuals in fixed pedigrees. A highly beneficial property of our method is that the size of state space depends linearly or quadratically on the number of pedigree founders, whereas this increases exponentially with pedigree size in alternative methods. To calculate the parameter values of the Markov process, we describe two novel recursive algorithms that differ with respect to the pedigree founders being assumed to be exchangeable or not. Our algorithms apply equally to autosomes and sex chromosomes, another desirable feature of our approach. We tested the accuracy of the algorithms by a million simulations on a pedigree. We demonstrated two applications of the recursive algorithms in multiparental populations: design a breeding scheme for maximizing the overall density of recombination breakpoints and thus the QTL mapping resolution, and incorporate pedigree information into hidden Markov models in ancestral inference from genotypic data; the conditional probabilities and the recombination breakpoint data resulting from ancestral inference can facilitate follow-up QTL mapping. The results show that the generality of the recursive algorithms can greatly increase the application range of genetic analysis such as ancestral inference in multiparental populations.
Clinical Characteristics and Health Outcomes of Neonates Reporting to the Emergency Department With Hypothermia
Authors: Wood Julie K. , Halvorson Elizabeth E. , Auriemma Jeanna R. , Ervin Sean E. , Thurtle Danielle P. , Keskinyan Vahakn S. , DeWeese David M. , Marsh Melanie C. , Theroux Lindly A. , Rushing Julia , Haberman Cara 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:Although hypothermia has long been considered a sign of serious bacterial infection (SBI) in neonates, there is a lack of medical literature on this topic, and little is known about the prevalence of serious infection in these patients. Our primary objective was to assess the prevalence and type of serious infection in neonates with hypothermia. Our secondary objective was to describe the prevalence and type of significant pathology overall in this cohort.METHODS:We examined neonates (≤28 days old) evaluated in the emergency department and/or admitted to the hospital with hypothermia over a 3-year period. Demographics and relevant clinical data were extracted from the medical record. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine differences in the prevalence of clinical and demographic characteristics in patients with and without a diagnosis of serious infection.RESULTS:Sixty-eight neonates met inclusion criteria, and 63 (93%) were admitted. Of those admitted to the hospital, 5 (7.9%) had a diagnosis of serious infection, including SBI (n = 4) and disseminated herpes simplex virus (n = 1). The types of SBI included urinary tract infection, septicemia, and meningitis. Eighty percent and 60% of neonates with hypothermia and diagnosed with serious infection had a temperature ≤34.4°C and ill appearance, respectively. Significant pathology was found in 9 (14.3%) patients and included both infectious and noninfectious diagnoses.CONCLUSIONS:Neonates presenting with hypothermia have a substantial risk for SBI or other significant pathology. This population merits further investigation; a multicenter prospective study should be conducted to better understand associations between risk factors and outcomes.