bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of maternal or post‐weaning methyl donor supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of pig offspring
Authors: Zhao Yang , Jin Chao , Xuan Yuedong , Zhou Pan , Fang Zhengfeng , Che Lianqiang , Xu Shengyu , Feng Bin , Li Jian , Jiang Xuemei , Lin Yan , Wu De 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDLimited studies have examined links between maternal methyl donor (MET) supplementation and the growth‐development characteristics of offspring, and possible underlying mechanisms for such links. This study investigated the effect of maternal or post‐weaning MET‐supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of the finishing (d 180) offspring. Twenty‐four sows were placed on a control (C) or MET‐supplemented diet during pregnancy and lactation. Forty‐eight female offspring were fed the control or MET‐supplemented diet from weaning to 6 months of age, resulting in four study groups (six litters per group): C/C, C/MET, MET/C, and MET/MET.RESULTSMaternal MET‐supplementation increased average daily gain (ADG), body weight (BW), lean percentage and longissimus dorsi (LD) of the offspring at day 180 (P < 0.05), and upregulated the myosin heavy chain IIx, myogenic differentiation and muscle regulatory factor 4 mRNA levels in the LD muscle (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, offspring from maternal MET‐supplementation exhibited a higher pH24h post mortem and superoxide dismutase activity, a lower L*45min, glycolytic potential, malonaldehyde content in the LD muscle, and plasma homocysteine concentration (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONMaternal MET‐supplementation has a remarkable effect on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of the offspring, which is associated with increased expression levels of myogenic genes and anti‐oxidant capacity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Insights on Light Dispersion in Semi‐Alicyclic Polyimide Alignment Layers to Reduce Optical Losses in Display Devices
Authors: Barzic Andreea Irina , Hulubei Camelia , Stoica Iuliana , Albu Raluca Marinica 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwo polyimide structures are prepared from an alicyclic dianhydride and aromatic diamines, containing or lacking fluorine. The polymer films are characterized for display technology purposes. Light dispersion data of the studied samples are compared with those of some nematics to evaluate optical losses in the liquid crystal cell. It is shown for the first time that matching refractive indices of polyimide and nematic at several wavelengths is essential for reduction of Fresnel reflections, thus improving the device performance. Resistivity measurements indicate that rubbing generates a few surface charges on the surface of the fluorine‐derived polymer, which contribute to a more uniform orientation of liquid crystals, as supported by polarized microscopy analysis. Both pristine polyimide films exhibit a smooth surface with isotropic features, which are changed into anisotropic ones after rubbing, as a consequence of microgrooves’ appearance. Their thickness uniformity is affected by the structure of the diamine moieties. The adhesion of all nematics to the polyimide films is enhanced by the rubbing procedure.
Transition probabilities of Lévy‐type processes: Parametrix construction
Authors: Kühn Franziska 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe present an existence result for Lévy‐type processes which requires only weak regularity assumptions on the symbol with respect to the space variable x. Applications range from existence and uniqueness results for Lévy‐driven SDEs with Hölder continuous coefficients to existence results for stable‐like processes and Lévy‐type processes with symbols of variable order. Moreover, we obtain heat kernel estimates for a class of Lévy and Lévy‐type processes. The paper includes an extensive list of Lévy(‐type) processes satisfying the assumptions of our results.
Imaginary‐distance beam‐propagation method based on Yee's mesh in cylindrical coordinates
Authors: Ito Masato , Shibayama Jun , Yamauchi Junji , Nakano Hisamatsu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn imaginary‐distance beam‐propagation method based on Yee's mesh (ID‐YM‐BPM) is developed in cylindrical coordinates, in which the mode number of the eigenmode field is strictly considered. The ID‐YM‐BPM is second‐order accurate with respect to the spatial mesh size. A segmented cladding fiber is analyzed, showing good agreement with other methods.
Background field removal for susceptibility mapping of human brain with large susceptibility variations
Authors: Fang Jinsheng , Bao Lijun , Li Xu , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Chen Zhong 
Published: October 2018

PurposeIn quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of human brain, the background field induced by air‐tissue interface varies significantly with respect to the rotation angle between the head and the static field, which may result in substantial error in the estimated magnetic susceptibility values. The goal of this study was to develop a strategy to better remove such orientation dependent background field.MethodsAn improved background field removal method is proposed based on the sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data using a region adaptive kernel (R‐SHARP), named iRSHARP. It uses a spatially weighted spherical Gaussian kernel exploiting the amplitude, gradient, and wrap count of the phase map. The method was validated using both numerical simulations and in vivo human brain data at multiple head orientations. Performance was compared with the variable kernel (V‐SHARP) and R‐SHARP methods.ResultsThe proposed iRSHARP method showed improved background removal over R‐SHARP while cutting the computational time in half. As compared to V‐SHARP and R‐SHARP, the iRSHARP generated local field and susceptibility maps showed fewer artifacts in regions of large susceptibility variations, and for the in vivo human brain, the susceptibilities of the deep gray matter nuclei were consistent with the in vivo gold‐standard “Calculation of Susceptibility through Multiple Orientation Sampling” (COSMOS) values.ConclusioniRSHARP can remove the orientation dependent background field effectively. Using iRSHARP, the paranasal sinus regions can be preserved in the brain mask and the brain integrity was conserved, which may facilitate further data analysis and clinical application.
Simultaneous perfusion and permeability assessments using multiband multi‐echo EPI (M2‐EPI) in brain tumors
Authors: Wu Junjie , Saindane Amit M. , Zhong Xiaodong , Qiu Deqiang 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo study a multiband multi‐echo EPI (M2‐EPI) sequence for dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging with leakage correction and vascular permeability measurements, and to evaluate the benefits of increased temporal resolution provided by this acquisition strategy on the accuracy of perfusion and permeability estimations.MethodsA novel M2‐EPI sequence was developed, and a pharmacokinetic model accounting for contrast agent extravasation was used to produce perfusion maps and additional vascular permeability maps. The advantage of M2‐EPI for DSC perfusion imaging was demonstrated in vivo in 5 patients with brain tumors, and numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the advantage of improved temporal resolution afforded by the technique.ResultsIn contrast to underestimations of cerebral blood volume (CBV) in tumors using the single‐echo acquisition strategy, M2‐EPI provided more plausible estimates of CBV. A quantitative evaluation showed higher estimated values of CBV and mean transit time in tumor tissues using M2‐EPI (CBV: 3.08 ± 0.78 mL/100 g versus 1.56 ± 1.38 mL/100 g [P = .006]; mean transit time: 4.94 ± 1.17 seconds versus 1.83 ± 2.06 seconds [P = 0.033]). Numerical simulations showed that higher temporal resolution provided by M2‐EPI was associated with more accurate estimates of cerebral blood flow, CBV, and permeability parameters.ConclusionThe novel M2‐EPI acquisition strategy for DSC imaging facilitates leakage‐corrected perfusion measurements with additional permeability assessments and more accurate estimates of perfusion/permeability parameters, and may be used as a quantitative tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of brain tumors.
Front Cover: Cover Image, Volume 67, Issue 11
Authors: Chen Keping , Cao Fen , Liang Shuen , Wang Jianhua , Tian Chunrong 
Published: October 2018

The front cover image is based on the Research Article Preparation of poly(ethylene oxide) brush‐grafted multiwall carbon nanotubes and their effect on morphology and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam by Keping Chen et al., DOI: 10.1002/pi.5676. Illustration Credit: Jie Yang.
image
Brush‐First ROMP of poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers of varied length: impact of polymer architecture on thermal behavior and Li+ conductivity
Authors: Shibuya Yoshiki , Tatara Ryoichi , Jiang Yivan , Shao‐Horn Yang , Johnson Jeremiah A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe properties of polymeric materials are dictated not only by their composition but also by their molecular architecture. Here, by employing brush‐first ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), norbornene‐terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macromonomers (MM‐n, linear architecture), bottlebrush polymers (Brush‐n, comb architecture), and brush‐arm star polymers (BASP‐n, star architecture), where n indicates the average degree of polymerization (DP) of PEO, are synthesized. The impact of architecture on the thermal properties and Li+ conductivities for this series of PEO architectures is investigated. Notably, in polymers bearing PEO with the highest degree of polymerization, irrespective of differences in architecture and molecular weight (~100‐fold differences), electrolytes with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as an Li+ source exhibit normalized ionic conductivities (σn) within only 4.9 times difference (σn = 29.8 × 10−5 S cm−1 for MM‐45 and σn = 6.07 × 10−5 S cm−1 for BASP‐45) at a concentration of Li+ r = [Li+]/[EO] = 1/12 at 50 °C. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 448–455
RNA‐based markers in biopsy cores with atypical small acinar proliferation: Predictive effect of T2E fusion positivity and MMP‐2 upregulation for a subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Eryilmaz I. Ezgi , Aytac Vuruskan Berna , Kaygısız Onur , Egeli Unal , Tunca Berrin , Kordan Yakup , Cecener Gulsah 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAtypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) is a precursor lesion of prostate cancer (PC), and PC develops from this suspicious focus or an unsampled malignant gland nearby. However, PC‐related molecular alterations that could guide the timing of repeat biopsies and help monitor PC risk in ASAP‐diagnosed patients have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to first investigate the expression of seven different PC‐related RNAs that included serine 2 (TMPRSS2): erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) gene (TMPRSS2‐ERG, T2E) fusion, alpha‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR), kallikrein related peptidase 3 (KLK3), androgen receptor (AR), prostate cancer specific antigen 3 (PCA3), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐2 and 9.MethodsPC‐related RNAs were evaluated using a real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) system in pathologically ASAP‐diagnosed prostate biopsy cores from 55 patients presenting with a normal digital rectal examination and a PSA level of 4‐10 ng/mL.ResultsWe detected that positive T2E fusion status (P = 0.013) and the expression of AMACR (P = 0.016), AR (P = 0.016) and MMP‐2 (P = 0.013) were independently and significantly associated with PC risk in ASAP patients. There were also several statistically significant correlations between expression levels. Additionally, we demonstrated that T2E fusion positive ASAP patients with higher MMP‐2 expression were more likely to be diagnosed with PC at a subsequent biopsy during the follow‐up period (P = 0.003).ConclusionsAlthough, more clinical validations are needed for the stratification of PC risk in ASAP‐diagnosed biopsy cores, our current results indicate that the coexistence of T2E fusion positivity with MMP‐2 upregulation may help clinicians adjust their biopsy timetable and/or assessment of PC risk in ASAP‐diagnosed patients with a PSA level of 4‐10 ng/mL.
Bond selective dissociation of the BrHBr transition state complex using linear chirp laser pulses
Authors: Garzón‐Ramírez Antonio J. , López José G. , Arango Carlos A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe control of chemical reaction pathways has been of great interest in chemistry. One way of controlling the course of a chemical reaction is through manipulation of its transition state. In this work, we suggest the possibility of bond selective dissociation of the collinear BrHBr transition state complex by the use of an infrared linear chirped laser pulse to drive vibrational states of the BrHBr. The initial vibrational state of the BrHBr is prepared as a linear combination of two quasi‐bound vibrational states of the BrBr degree of freedom. We employ state of the art potential energy and dipole moment surfaces for the BrHBr to simulate the interaction of the initially prepared BrHBr with an optimized linear chirp laser pulse. The results of these quantum simulations show (i) that the bond selective dissociation depends on the initial preparation of the vibrational state of the BrHBr, (ii) the feasibility of manipulating the quasi‐bound vibrational states of a XHX type complex (X halogen atom) to enhance its rate of dissociation, and (iii) the possibility of controlling the branching ratio of the product channels (Br + HBr and BrH + Br) with a relatively broad range of values to choose.
An Efficient Synthesis of Oxazolidines by Tandem Ring‐Opening / Closing Reaction of Ts‐Aziridine Using Formic Acid
Authors: Chakraborty Ghosal Nirnita , De Aramita , Mahato Sachinta , Santra Sougata , V. Zyryanov Grigory , Majee Adinath 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSynthesis of oxazolidines has been reported from aziridines by the reaction with formic acid and formaldehyde in neat conditions. We have also observed a regio‐selective nucleophilic ring opening of aziridines by HCOOH under same conditions in absence of formaldehyde where the HCOO− ion acts as a nucleophile. In this present method formic acid is not acting as reducing agent as classical organic reactions. The formic acid initially activates the aziridines whereas the formate group generated from formic acid acts as a nucleophile itself instead of the source of hydride ion affording the nucleophilic ring opening products. The synthesized formate ester was successfully hydrolyzed to the corresponding hydroxyl compound which is the key building block for the synthesis of heterocycles. Operational simplicity, mild and neat reaction conditions, broad substrates scope, good yields and uses of less expensive reagents are the notable advantages of the present procedures.
Direct Measurement of Electronic Band Structure in Single Quantum Dots of Metal Chalcogenide Composites
Authors: Benetti Daniele , Cui Daling , Zhao Haiguang , Rosei Federico , Vomiero Alberto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetal chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) are among the most promising materials as light harvesters in all‐inorganic systems for applications in solar cells and production of solar fuels. The electronic band structure of composite QDs formed by lead and cadmium chalcogenides directly grafted on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces through successive ionic layer absorption and reaction is investigated. Atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) are applied to investigate PbS, CdS, and PbS/CdS QD systems. The variation of the surface potential of individual QDs is measured, investigating the evolution of the electronic band structure as a function of QD size and composition. A shift of the Fermi level toward more negative values occurs when QD size is increased. The shift is more pronounced in CdS than in PbS, while the composite PbS/CdS exhibits an intermediate behavior. The calculated shift is in good agreement with the experiments. These results highlight the ability of KPFM to directly measure the electronic band structure in individual QDs of metal chalcogenide composites. This feature regulates charge dynamics in composite systems, thereby affecting device performance. This work provides valuable insights for applications in several fields, in which charge injection plays a major role.
Solvate Ionic Liquids for Li, Na, K, and Mg Batteries
Authors: Mandai Toshihiko , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFrom the viewpoint of element strategy, non‐Li batteries with promising negative and positive electrodes have been widely studied to support a sustainable society. To develop non‐Li batteries having high energy density, research on electrolyte materials is pivotal. Solvate ionic liquids (SILs) are an emerging class of electrolytes possessing somewhat superior properties for battery applications compared to conventional ionic liquid electrolytes. In this account, we describe our recent efforts regarding SIL‐based electrolytes for Li, Na, K, and Mg batteries with respect to structural, physicochemical, and electrochemical characteristics. Systematic studies based on crystallography and Raman spectroscopy combined with thermal/electrochemical stability analysis showed that the balance of competitive cation−anion and cation−solvent interactions predominates the stability of the solvate cations. We also demonstrated battery applications of SILs as electrolytes for non‐Li batteries, particularly for Na batteries.
What Is Justice? Gifted Students’ Meaning Making
Authors: Barone Diane , Barone Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this exploratory study, the authors investigated students’ perceptions of justice. A stanza from a poem was used to stimulate student writing, drawing, and conversation. Students were engaged with the exploration and considered issues surrounding being good or bad, race, and power. They also represented justice abstractly in their drawings and included popular culture.
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Galvin Jim 
Published: October 2018

This month, we focus on two papers that follow on from excellent presentations made at the 2017 Student Conference. The first of these, by James Warner, discusses the teleconnection between Arctic sea ice and the North Atlantic Oscillation. In ‘Arctic sea ice – a driver of the winter NAO’, beginning on p. 307, the effects of ice on the pressure systems of the Atlantic region are explored, showing that there is a link between the two and that further exploration of this might allow us to improve seasonal forecasts for winter.The second of these papers is a refinement of our knowledge of fog. In ‘Numerical modelling of the evolution of the boundary layer during a radiation fog event’ on p. 310, D K E Smith, I A Renfrew, J D Price and S R Dorling look at how well we are able to model the development of fog that forms under predominantly clear skies, the difficulties imposed by our lack of knowledge of some aspects of the process and how we might better predict its formation.On p. 322, Dani V and B K Pal explore ‘Climate variability and changes in local climate’ focussing on Angul (India). Here they identify trends in climatic variables consistent with a warming globe.The second in our series of short introductory papers on climate change appears on p. 332.The persistence or absence of snow on British mountains is also a well‐established marker of the weather and climate here. In the 8th of the series on p. 333: ‘Snow patches in England and Wales during spring and summer 2018’, Iain Cameron reveals that snow‐melt dates in 2018 were broadly in line with the mean, even though there was considerable snowfall across much of Britain in early spring.On p. 335, Prof. Stephen Belcher and Prof. Sir Brian Hoskins write about climate change and the summer just gone in ‘Summer temperatures 2018 – the “new normal”?’I encourage members to vote for those whose work with and for the Royal Meteorological Society deserves recognition through one of the Society's awards. And finally, please complete the Weather journal survey supplied with this issue (also available at https://www.rmets.org/news/weather‐journal‐survey). We want to know your views on the journal, so that the Editorial Board and I can guide its development in 2019 and beyond.
Assessment of energy‐efficient appliances: A review of the technologies and policies in India's residential sector
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Henriques Carla Oliveira , Martins António Gomes 
Published: October 2018

The promotion of energy efficiency has been at the forefront of the energy policy agenda. New technological inventions and increasing environmental concerns related to contemporary energy policy are the main drivers of the adoption of more energy‐efficient appliances in the domestic sector. Additionally, the mandatory star labeling program and incentive design mechanisms are also raising awareness and motivation for their use, thus contributing to the reduction of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable energy policies generally pursue programs aiming for energy efficiency among domestic appliances. In India there are currently nine domestic electrical appliances/end‐uses certified with star labeling programs, in particular lighting sources, refrigerators, air conditioners, water heaters, televisions, computers, washing machines, ceiling fans, and water pumps. This study reviews main issues affecting selection of energy‐efficient technologies in India's domestic sector highlighting the main challenges impacting design of energy efficiency policies and programs in the country.This article is categorized under:
Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Energy Efficiency > Economics and Policy
Energy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure
Pollen Class
Authors: Halbritter Heidemarie , Ulrich Silvia , Grímsson Friðgeir , Weber Martina , Zetter Reinhard , Hesse Michael , Buchner Ralf , Svojtka Matthias , Frosch-Radivo Andrea 
Published: October 2018

Abstractpollen class: artificial grouping of pollen grains that share one or more distinctive characters
Shape and Polarity
Authors: Halbritter Heidemarie , Ulrich Silvia , Grímsson Friðgeir , Weber Martina , Zetter Reinhard , Hesse Michael , Buchner Ralf , Svojtka Matthias , Frosch-Radivo Andrea 
Published: October 2018

Abstractoutline: describes the contour of pollen grains in polar and/or equatorial view