bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient photolytic degradation of disinfection by-products by using a high photon flux UV system: monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid
Authors: Li Ting , Zhang Qian , Li Chaolin , Ai Weidang , Zhang Liangchang 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Photon UV irradiation is promising for organic pollutant decomposition, such as disinfection by-products (DBPs). However, due to the photostability and high water solubility, chloroacetic acids (CAAs) decomposition using routine UV photolysis is very slow. The present study employed a high photon flux UV (3.13 × 104 μmol m−2 s−1) system to investigate its feasibility and suitability for enhancing CAAs (MCAA, DCAA and TCAA) decomposition. The results showed that increasing UV photon flux accelerated the photolysis remarkably. Under the condition of high UV photon flux 3.13 × 104 μmol m−2 s−1, almost complete degradation of 20 mg L−1 MCAA, 20 mg L−1 DCAA, and 20 mg L−1 TCAA in a mixed solution can be achieved within 50, 30 and 25 min, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, efficient photolytic degradation of CAAs in such short time has not been reported. The pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) steadily increases with the increasing of UV intensity, indicating that the utilization of light energy is efficient. In addition, the variation of pH from 3.2 to 9.0 showed minor effect on CAAs decomposition in this present studied system. The outcome of this study would be helpful for future employment of high photon flux UV systems for those photolytic resistant pollutants' decomposition.
Öğretmenlik Uygulaması Alan Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Sınıfta Kullandıkları Beden Dilinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Sadioğlu Ömür 
Published: February 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı sınıf öğretmeni
adaylarının Öğretmenlik Uygulaması dersinde kullandıkları beden dilini
incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının (16 kız, 4
erkek) Öğretmenlik Uygulaması kapsamında ders anlatırken video çekmeleri
istenmiş, bu videolar araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Beden Dili Kriterleri
Formu doğrultusunda analiz edilmiştir. Doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanan
veriler, belirlenen kriterler çerçevesinde betimlenmeye çalışılmış, ayrıca
araştırmada videoların analizi sürecinde sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının
kullandıkları beden dillerine ait frekans ve yüzde değerlerle birlikte
araştırmacı tarafından tutulan notlardan doğrudan alıntılara da yer
verilmiştir. Araştırmanın güvenirlik
çalışması için random yoluyla seçilen 10 video başka bir araştırmacı tarafından
izlenerek, beden dili kriterleri formunun doldurulması sağlanarak araştırmanın
güvenirliği hesaplaması yapılmıştır. Yapılan hesaplamada elde edilen % 86’ lık
oran, araştırma için güvenilir kabul edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak yapılan bu araştırmada sınıf
öğretmeni adaylarının öğrenciyi dinleme, öğrenciye yönelme ve anlayışlı
gülümseme gibi olumlu beden dili kullandıkları gibi, elleri göğüs hizasında
kavuşturmak, küçük ve dar alanlı el kol hareketleri gibi güvensiz olduklarına
dair mesajlar ileten ya da öğrencilerle göz hizasında iletişim kurmamak, göz
temasında bulunmamak, tek bir yöndeki öğrenciye ders anlatmak gibi sınırlı
iletişim mesajları veren beden dili kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu
sonuçlar sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının beden dilinin kullanımına yönelik
bilgilendirilmeleri gerektiğini düşündürmektedir.
Pengaruh metode latihan (resiprokal dan inklusi) persepsi kinestetik terhadap teknik overhead lob forehand bulu tangkis
Authors: Tamim Muhammad Husni 
Published: February 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan pengaruh metode latihan resiprokal dan inklusi terhadap peningkatan teknik overhead lob forehand pada bulu tangkis. (2) Perbedaan keterampilan teknik overhead lob forehand bulu tangkis pada persepsi kinestetik tinggi dan persepsi kinestetik rendah. (3) Pengaruh interaksi antara metode latihan (resiprokal dan inklusi) dan persepsi kinestetik terhadap peningkatan teknik overhead lob forehand pada bulu tangkis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimen faktorial. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan uji normalitas (Kolmogorov Smirnov) dan uji homogenitas (Levene) signifikansi a = 0.05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada perbedaan pengaruh antara metode latihan resiprokal dan inklusi terhadap keterampilan teknik overhead lob forehand pada bulu tangkis, (2) ada perbedaan antara keterampilan teknik overhead lob forehan bulu tangkis pada persepsi kinestetik tinggi dan persepsi kinestetik rendah, (3) tidak ada interaksi antara metode latihan (resiprokal dan inklusi) dan persepsi kinestetik terhadap keterampilan teknik overhead lob forehand pada bulu tangkis.Kata Kunci: metode latihan resiprokal dan inklusi, persepsi kinestetik, dan peningkatan teknik overhead lob forehand pada bulu tangkis The Effect of Training Method (Reciprocal and Inclusion) and Kinesthetic Perception on the Improvement of Overhead Lob Forehand in Badminton AbstractThe objectives of this research are to know: (1) the effect difference of reciprocal and inclusion teaching methods on technique improvement of overhead lob forehand in badminton, (2) the difference of overhead lob forehand technique skill in badminton in high kinesthetic perception and low kinesthetic perception, and (3) the interaction effect of training method (reciprocal and inclusion) and kinesthetic perception on technique improvement of overhead lob forehand in Badminton. The research employed factorial experiment research design. The data analysis techniques used were normality test (Kolmogorov Smirnov) and homogeneitytest (Levene) with the significance of a = 0.05 The result of this research shows that: (1) there are significant effect differences between reciprocal and inclusion training method on overhead lob forehand technique skill in Badminton, (2) there are significant differences between technique skill of badminton overhead lob forehand on high kinesthetic perception and low kinesthetic perception, and (3) there is no significant interaction between training method (reciprocal and inclusion) and kinesthetic perception on overhead lob forehand technique skill in Badminton.Keyword: reciprocal and inclusion training method, kinesthetic perception, and overhead lob forehand improvement technique in badminton
Pengembangan model pembelajaran pengenalan teknik dasar tenis meja untuk siswa SD kelas atas
Authors: Purwanto Danang Dwi , Suharjana Suharjana 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan model pembelajaran pengenalan teknik dasar tenis meja untuk siswa sekolah dasar kelas atas. Model yang dikembangkan adalah teknik forehand dan backhand yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik siswa SD kelas atas. Model pengenalan teknik dasar tenis meja bertujuan agar digunakan guru dalam penyelenggaraan kegiatan belajar mengajar tenis meja untuk siswa SD kelas atas. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahapan yaitu tahap penelitian pendahuluan dan tahap pengembangan. Hasil penelitian berupa pengembangan model pembelajaran pengenalan teknik dasar tenis meja terdiri atas: (1) teknik dasar peganggan, (2) kontrol bola dan (3) teknik dasar memantulkan bola. Model disusun dalam buku panduan berjudul ”pengembangan model pembelajaran pengenalan teknik dasar tenis meja siswa SD kelas atas”. Berdasarkan penilaian para ahli materi dan guru disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan model pembelajaran pengenalan teknik dasar tenis meja untuk siswa SD kelas atas layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran tenis meja untuk siswa SD kelas atas.Kata Kunci: model, pengenalan, tenis meja, SD kelas atas Developing a Learning Model of Introduction to Table Tennis Basic Techniques for Elementary School Upper Class Students AbstractThis research aims to produce a model of the introduction to the basic techniques of learning table tennis for elementary school upper class students. The model are developed covering forehand and backhand table tennis, that adapted characteristics of elementary school upper class students. Introduction to the basic model of table tennis techniques was used by the teacher in teaching and learning activities of upper grade students. The development of research carried out by adapting the steps of research development consisting of two stages: preliminary research stage and development stage. The results of the research are a development learning model of the introduction to basic techniques of table tennis consisting of: (1) grip basic technique, (2) Ball control basic technique, and (3) Hit ball basic technique. Models arranged in a handbook entitled "Introduction to basic engineering models of table tennis". Based on the assessment of matter experts and teachers, it can be concluded that the model of learning the basic techniques of table tennis for upper classes is with the curriculum. The model of introduction to basic techniques can develop in learning table tennis for upper grade elementary school students.
Photoelectrochemical solar water splitting: From basic principles to advanced devices
Authors: Alfaifi Bandar Y. , Ullah Habib , Alfaifi Sulaiman , Tahir Asif A. , Mallick Tapas K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC) offers a promising path for sustainable generation of hydrogen fuel. However, improving solar fuel water splitting efficiency facing tremendous challenges, due to the energy loss related to fast recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers, electrode degradation, as well as limited light harvesting. This review focuses on the brief introduction of basic fundamental of PEC water splitting and the concept of various types of water splitting approaches. Numerous engineering strategies for the investgating of the higher efficiency of the PEC, including charge separation, light harvesting, and co-catalysts doping, have been discussed. Moreover, recent remarkable progress and developments for PEC water splitting with some promising materials are discussed. Recent advanced applications of PEC are also reviewed. Finally, the review concludes with a summary and future outlook of this hot field.
DISAIN DAN PENGUJIAN SISTEM KENDALI SUHU ASAP KAYU KARET UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PEMBUATAN KARET SIT ASAP BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER
Authors: Wibowo Suhermanto Agung , Subrata I Dewa Made , Suprapto Anjar , Lisyanto Lisyanto 
Published: February 2018

Pengasapan karet RSS adalah metode pengawetan dan pengeringan karet lembaranmenggunakan asap kayu bakar agar jamur tidak tumbuh saat penyimpanan. Pada umumnya pengasapan karet RSS konvensional membutuhkan waktu 5-6 hari dan konsumsi kayu asap sebanyak 4 m3 per ton karet kering. Selain itu mutu RSS juga ditentukan oleh pengontrolan yang rutin mengenai bahan bakar kayu dan suhu ruang pengasapan. Penelitian ini berupaya meningkatkan mutu karet RSS dan efisiensi energi proses pengasapan karet RSS dengan menerapkan sistem kendali otomatis berbasis mikrokontroller yang dapat mengatur konsentrasi asap dan suhu. Sistem kendali ini merupakan sistem yang akan mengatur suhu dan kepekatan asap pada setiap tingkatan suhu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan perancangan dan pengujian pengendalian suhu dan konsentrasi ruang asap karet RSS menggunakan mikrokontroller. Prosedur penelitian ini mencakup; 1) Disain dan Konstruksi, 2) Merancang perangkat keras kendali, 3) Merancang perangkat lunak, 4) Kalibrasi Sensor LM 35 dan 5) Pengujian sistem kendali pada ruang pengasap. Hasil pengujian sistem kendali suhu dan konsentrasi asap adalah proses pengasapan karet RSS terbagi pada 4 tingkatan suhu yaitu suhu 400C-450C selama 12 jam, suhu 450C-500C selama 12 jam, suhu 500C-550C selama 12 jam, dan suhu 550C-600C selama 24 jam. Keberhasilan pengujian ini dicapai selama 60 jam atau 2,5 hari. Mutu karet RSS berwarna coklat transparan, tidak timbul gelembung dan lembaran tidak tambah panjang atau putus. Karet RSS menjadi dominan mutu RSS 1 setelah terjadi penguapan air sebesar 35,78%. Adapun panjang karet RSS berkurang sebesar 3,81%, lebar berkurang sebesar 8,95% dan ketebalan bertambah sebesar 4,36%. Penggunaan kayu bahan bakar asap sekitar 2 m3 dengan kapasitas karet RSS 1.000 Kg.
Impact of Solar Reflectance Attenuation and Roof Cleaning on a Cool Roof: Assessing Return on Investment for Facility Management
Authors: Haverstic Todd , Sullivan Kenneth , Smithwick Jake 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Research has shown roofing systems with high solar reflectance and thermal emissivity lead to less heat absorption, a consequential reduction in cooling load demand, and a resultant reduction on energy expenditure. Studies on energy savings from cool roof coatings have been conducted for decades and when compared to more traditional roofing systems have demonstrated energy savings ranging from 2-40%, with average savings estimated at 20%. The 20% average is widely used by cool roof industry professionals, designers, and contractors to market and sell the technology in the commercial sector to owners and owner representatives researching new roofs. While the 20% energy savings is a documented average, unfortunately there is no average roof. Each roof is unique considering size, materials, and location to name a few. In addition, the ability of the cool roof to maintain the original solar reflectance is integral to realizing energy savings. The case study calculated project payback for a 20-year cool roof design using both 30% and 20% estimated annual energy savings. In addition, building material specifications and solar reflectance attenuation in respect to reductions in cooling energy were projected into the payback calculations. Lastly, the cost impact of cleaning maintenance was added to the calculations to provide an analysis on affect to anticipated payback schedules. The results showed cleaning costs only added 1 year to project paybacks and saved over 262,244 kWh over 20 years.
Salicylic acid-induced germination, biochemical and developmental alterations in rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Yanik Fatma , Aytürk Özlem , Çetinbaş-Genç Aslihan , Vardar Filiz 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSalicylic acid (SA) is one of the endogenous plant growth regulators that modulate various metabolic and physiological events. To evaluate the exogenous SA-induced germination, biochemical and developmental alterations, different concentrations (10, 100, 500 and 1000 µM) of SA were applied to rye (Secale cerealeL.) seeds in hydroponic culture conditions for 15 days. The observations revealed that seed germination and root elongation were stimulated in 10 µM SA treatment, however they were inhibited in higher concentrations (100 and 500 µM) of SA. Furthermore, there was no germination in 1000 µM SA. The analysis of antioxidant enzymes revealed that although superoxide dismutase activity increased, catalase activity decreased in comparison to control. Besides, lipid peroxidation and peroxidase activity increased in 10 µM SA, whereas they decreased in higher concentrations. Similarly total chlorophyll content increased in 10 µM SA, but it decreased in 100 and 500 µM SA treatments. Moreover anthocyanins and carotenoids increased after SA treatment. In conclusion, exogenous SA application causes developmental and biochemical alterations in rye.
Effects of carrageenan as elicitor to stimulate defense responses of basil against Cuscuta campestris Yunck
Authors: Mousavi Effat Ahmadi , Manochehri Kalantari Khosrow , Nasibi Fatemeh , Oloumi Hakimeh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCuscuta campestrisis a holostemparasitic plant that obtains its resources from its hosts. Sweet basil is an important commercial plant, widely cultivated in many countries. It is a common host forC. campestris. Generally,C. campestrishas negative effect on the growth of infected plants and its infestation is difficult to control. Therefore, environmental friendly control ofC. campestrisseems to be useful. In this work, the relationship betweenC. campestrisand its host, sweet basil, and effects of κ-carrageenan on protection againstC. campestrisand suppression of its invasion were studied. Basil was sprayed with a solution of carrageenan at a final concentration of 1 g L−1, once a week, 3 times in total. Infection of basil withC. campestriswas performed 2 days after the last carrageenan treatment and the plants were collected two weeks afterC. campestrisattachment. In this study, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (PAL), phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidant content increased remarkably in the basil plants parasitized withC. campestris, and therefore it seems that the parasitic plant induced a defense response in the host plants. Treatment with carrageenan significantly increased shoot length and leaf area of basil and decreasedC. campestrisinfestation by about 26%. Carrageenan treatment caused a significant increase in PAL activity, phenols, antioxidant and lignin content in basil. Thus, the present observation suggested the phenylpropanoid pathway was activated and defense responses were stimulated. Our results showed that carrageenan spraying induced beneficial effects in plants, corresponding to growth stimulation and defense compound synthesis. Thus carrageenan treatment is recommended as a natural biostimulator for the protection of plants againstC. campestris.
Comparativism and the New Hungarian Fundamental Law – Taking Raz Seriously
Authors: Badó Attila , Mezei Péter 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Comparative law plays a role both at the time of the creation and interpretation of constitutions. Hungary is not an exception in this respect. The comparative analysis of Hungarian constitutional law is an ordinary one both in terms of quantity and quality. The new Fundamental Law of 2011 as well as the “two-third majority statutes”, however, led to an international scandal. Several studies have suggested that the method of acceptance of the new Fundamental Law and its content are unique in several aspects. The reviews of the Fundamental Law by scholars and international organizations show, however, contradictory opinions. We argue that such opposition is mainly due to differing conceptions of the ideal democratic society. Proponents of the Fundamental Law asserting national sovereignty and the supremacy of legislation accept any constitutional regulation that is backed by the necessary amount of votes. On the other hand, opponents have disliked everything that has happened in Hungarian constitutional law since 2010 on the premises of global constitutional values, the lack of consensus, self-restraint or elegance. The present paper aims to evaluate the Fundamental Law of Hungary through the lens of Joseph Raz’s seven constitutional criteria that might serve as a structured approach to analysis that is acceptable to those who express supportive as well as critical opinions on the Fundamental Law. Indeed, based upon Raz’s criteria we have come to the conclusion that the new constitutional regime does not meet one single criterion that is connected to its acceptance. As the Fundamental Law was accepted rapidly, without any endorsement by the opposing parties or any referendum, it cannot be demonstrated that it mediates general values accepted by the whole society.
The Legal Fiction of a Genuine Link as a Requirement for the Grant of Nationality to Ships and Humans – the Triumph of Formality over Substance?
Authors: Gauci Gotthard Mark , Aquilina Kevin 
Published: February 2018

Summary
This paper discusses nationality of a person, whether physical or legal, and compares and contrasts the international legal regime which regulates the nationality of both persons. Whilst humans are granted nationality because they are citizens of a state to which they owe allegiance, in the case of a res which enjoy nationality – such as a ship – the relationship between such a res and its national state is based on a functional dimension. A ship oftentimes navigates in areas beyond state jurisdiction (such as on the high seas) ending up in a legal vacuum if she enjoys no nationality to regulate its behaviour and whatever happens on board that ship during its extra-territorial voyages. The authors thus discuss the juridical nature of nationality, nationality of a res and of humans, and reflect upon the recent sale by states of their nationality to non-citizens thereby shifting human nationality closer to the commodification of nationality of which ships are a traditional instance. It concludes that nationality of ships and of humans has in some legal systems moved away from the classical International Court of Justice’s Nottebohm case requirement of a pre-existing genuine link to one where nationality is reduced to a commodity.
Appointing a President that Represents the Unity of the People in Kosovo
Authors: Muçaj Florent , Mucaj Avdylkader 
Published: February 2018

Summary
The article examines the constitutional position of the president of republic in the view of the appointment procedure established in Hamiti et al and Derguti et al. Both constitutional court decisions have construed a rhetorical interpretation of the expected role of the president of republic as representative of the unity of the people in a constitutional nutshell. The article questions both decisions’ structural rationality and legitimacy in what is likely a tough political controversy requiring two-third majority for the appointment of the president of republic in the first two rounds. To better designate the logic upon which the court relied when ruling in the two decisions, the article considers relevant comparative literature and case-law to channel the analysis. The article concludes that though the court demonstrated a rather activist tone in interpreting the procedure for the appointment of the president of republic, it also showed quite unprecedented willingness to constitutionally empower the position of the president of republic on basis of appointment-related preconditions.
Stroke Secondary to Traumatic Carotid Artery Injury – A Case Report
Authors: Bajkó Zoltán , Maier Smaranda , Moțățăianu Anca , Bălașa Rodica , Vasiu Smaranda , Stoian Adina , Andone Sebastian 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Introduction: Lesions of the carotid and vertebral arteries secondary to direct trauma, called blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) are relatively rare and are markedly different from spontaneous dissections. Ischaemic stroke is a significant complication, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The basis of a diagnosis relies on appropriate, high sensitivity imaging screening.

Case report: We present the case of a 31 years old male patient with polytraumatism secondary to a motor vehicle accident, who was admitted to an orthopaedic clinic for multiple lower extremity fractures. His fractures were treated surgically. He developed in the 3rd day after the admission left sided hemiparesis secondary to ischaemic stroke. The diagnosis of traumatic carotid artery injury (TCAI) was based on duplex ultrasound and angio CT scans. The outcome was favourable despite the severe carotid lesions presenting with occlusion secondary to dissection.

Conclusions: In the majority of BCVI cases there is a variable latent period between the time of injury and the development of stroke. The management of cases is challenging because in the majority of cases there are multiple associated injuries. Although antithrombotics are widely used in the treatment, there is no consensus regarding the type of agent, the optimal dose or treatment duration.