bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the employment and vocational rehabilitation concerns	of people with traditional and emerging disabilities
Authors: Nary Dorothy E. , White Glen W. , Budde James F. , Vo Hoang Yen 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study was conducted a) to examine the concerns of people with disabilities regarding their participation in independent living and in society and b) to explore whether people from "emerging" disability groups and those from "traditional" disability groups prioritize issues related to these concerns similarly. Study design: National survey using the "Concerns Report Method for Citizens with Disabilities" (CRM), an agenda-setting instrument, which involves people with disabilities in the research process. The CRM was administered to a national sample of people with a variety of disabilities. Results: Survey items related to employment and vocational rehabilitation are typically rated as "problems" by the entire group of respondents as well as by respondents from specific disability groups. One employment-related item pertaining to adequate salary and benefits emerged as one of the top three issues selected by the entire group and by respondents in specific disability groups. Conclusion(s): Despite progress in many areas of disability policy and quality of life, people with a variety of disabilities remained concerned about employment and vocational rehabilitation issues. The chronically high national unemployment rate of people with disabilities highlights the need for increased attention to programs and policies to address this need.
Supported employment in the public sector for people with	significant disabilities
Authors: Robertson Susan , Lewis Gregory , Hiila Helena 
Published: November 2024

Most jobs secured in supported employment programs for people with disabilities have been found in the private sector. This is in spite of the fact that the public (i.e. government) sector is a significant employer in most countries and usually offers better job stability, salary rates and employment benefits than entry-level positions in the private sector. It has been claimed in the literature that people with disabilities supported in public sector employment would enjoy similar wage and benefit advantages over their counterparts in the private sector workforce. These claims were empirically tested in this study to determine whether similar benefits are available to workers with disabilities in the Australian public sector. Over a period of 18 years, 389 public sector positions secured for people with disabilities by Edge Employment Solutions (a Western Australian supported employment program) have produced significantly superior outcomes in the key areas of hours of work, wages rates and length of employment than have 2,264 private sector positions secured over the same period. This paper reports on these findings and suggests strategies for supported employment programs to improve public sector placement outcomes.
The use of voice recognition software as a compensatory strategy	for postsecondary education students receiving services under the category of	learning disabled
Authors: Roberts Kelly D. , Stodden Robert A. 
Published: November 2024

Research on the use of voice recognition software (VRS) as a compensatory strategy for written language difficulties, often experienced by postsecondary education students receiving services under the category of learning disabled, is minimal, with one study [13] reporting findings. Higgins and Raskind [13] found writing samples of their subjects, completed with VRS, had higher holistic scores than samples completed with assistance from a transcriber, and without assistance. The research presented in this article builds on this finding through investigation of research questions that address ongoing use of VRS, influence of VRS on writing performance, and variables that influence both of these areas. Key findings include ongoing use of the software being dependent upon need and personal issues; written performance improvements contingent upon need; and key variables influencing ongoing use, including: time, ease of use/acquisition of skills, personal issues, use of Standard English, disability (area affected), and the use of other effective compensatory strategies. This article outlines characteristics of individuals who may benefit from using the software, implications for specific populations, and direction for future research.
Performance-based funding of supported employment: A multi-site	controlled trial
Authors: McGrew John H. , Johannesen Jason K. , Griss Melina E. , Born Dennis L. , Katuin Colleen 
Published: November 2024

Background. To help mitigate empirically-identified shortcomings in Supported Employment (SE) outcomes for consumers with severe mental illness in Indiana (e.g., few long-term placements), Vocational Rehabilitation Services (VRS) and the Indiana Division of Mental Health and Addictions (DMHA) proposed the implementation of a results-based funding (RBF) system, in which providers received payment only when clients successfully attained each of 5 employment milestones. The current study presents the results of a multi-site controlled trial of RBF vs. a traditional fee-for-service (FFS) model. Method. The sample included 122 (RBF=81, FFS=41) consumers of SE (52% schizophrenia, 35% mood disorder). Assessments of clinical and life outcomes were conducted quarterly across 12 months. Results. Those served in RBF were more likely to attain all milestones collectively, and to have a completed person-centered plan and attain 9-months of employment, specifically. There were few differences between those in RBF and FFS on non-milestone employment variables (e.g., job match, wages) or clinical measures (e.g., quality of life, functioning). Conclusions. RBF produces better overall vocational outcomes, specifically, higher rates of completion of a person-centered plan and retention of employment for 9 months. However, improvements with RBF were limited to those specified and did not generalize to vocational areas not targeted by the milestones (e.g., wages, benefits) or to changes in other life domains typically valued by psychiatric rehabilitation.
Workplace discrimination and mental retardation: The national EEOC	ADA research project
Authors: Unger Darlene D. , Campbell Leanne R. , McMahon Brain T. 
Published: November 2024

Using the Integrated Mission System of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the employment discrimination experience of Americans with mental retardation is documented. Researchers compare and contrast the key dimensions of workplace discrimination involving Americans with mental retardation and persons with other physical, sensory, and neurological impairments. Specifically, the researchers examine demographic characteristics of the CPs; the industry designation, location, and size of employers against whom complaints are filed; the nature of discrimination (i.e., type of adverse action) alleged to occur; and the legal outcome or Resolution of these complaints. Chi-square analyses revealed that persons with mental retardation were more likely to encounter discrimination involving matters of involuntary termination (discharge), involuntary resignation (constructive discharge), and harassment. They were less likely to encounter discrimination related to reasonable accommodation, promotion, demotion, and reinstatement. Allegations of employment discrimination by persons with mental retardation were more likely to have merit in comparison to allegations by CPs with other disabilities. Implications for policy and advocacy are addressed.
The Ticket to Work Program: Marketing strategies and techniques to	enhance implementation
Authors: Wehman Paul , Revell W. Grant 
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review and critique of the marketing strategies best suited to expanding participation in the Social Security Administration's (SSA) Ticket to Work Program by Ticket holders and to increasing the number and diversity of Employment Networks (ENs). Direct mail, web based outreach, targeted marketing to selected opinion makers, specialized media outlets, and a number of other marketing strategies are critiqued and analyzed as a way to reach beneficiaries and ENs. The emphasis is on cost efficient strategies to maximize utilization of the Ticket. The two main marketing issues related to ENs are: 1) There are not enough quality ENs, and 2) the ENs in place are not taking Tickets and making a sufficient number of placements for the Ticket to Work Program to be successful. Marketing considerations for ENs must expand the base of existing ENs to include the business community. EN partnerships are needed among the rehabilitation and business community, as are marketing strategies that reach business and encourage partnerships. The main marketing issue for reaching beneficiaries of Social Security Disability benefits who are current or potential Ticket holders is recognizing that at its very core, marketing the Ticket to Work involves first marketing employment. Marketing considerations for beneficiaries must recognize and address the employment-related fears, interests and support needs of Ticket recipients.
Technology use by people with intellectual and developmental	disabilities to support employment activities: A single-subject design meta	analysis
Authors: Wehmeyer Michael L. , Palmer Susan B. , Smith Sean J. , Parent Wendy , Davies Daniel K. , Stock Steven 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Technology has the potential to improve employment and rehabilitation related outcomes for persons with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of technology use on employment-related outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Study design: A comprehensive search of the literature pertaining to technology use by people with intellectual disabilities was conducted, and a single-subject design meta analysis was conducted for a subset of those studies, which focused on employment and rehabilitation related outcomes. Results: The use of technology to promote outcomes in this area was shown to be generally effective, in particular when universal design features were addressed. Conclusions: Technology has the potential to enable people with intellectual and developmental disabilities to achieve more positive employment and rehabilitation outcomes. It is important to focus on universal design features important to persons with cognitive disabilities, and there is a need for more research in this area.
The development of supported employment in Scotland
Authors: Ridley Julie , Hunter Susan 
Published: November 2024

Supported employment is consistently identified as an effective employment or practice model. Its economic, social and other benefits are well documented, although several studies show variable outcomes especially in terms of economic benefits. It has been claimed that supported employment is widely implemented, not only in the United States, but also in many European countries including the UK and Scotland. However, this paper uses findings from research commissioned in Scotland to investigate the range of employment support available to people with learning disabilities and/or autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and shows that for the majority, their aspirations for real paid jobs remain unfulfilled. Indeed, some of what currently passes for supported employment would not meet international conventions for defining supported employment. The findings are discussed in the context of a literature review of best practice. The research identified examples of good practice, which provide just cause for celebration and fertile ground for growth. Nonetheless, the inconsistencies found arguably demonstrate that implementation of the model is weak or variable at best, which undermines the potential benefits of supported employment. Better and consistent implementation and, consequently, better outcomes from supported employment requires greater emphasis to be placed on self-determination, person centred planning, a career based approach and quality job development, all ensuring that the person remains at the centre of the process. Establishing a UK definition of, and quality standards in, supported employment would be beneficial.
Vocational rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury: A	quantitative synthesis of outcome studies
Authors: Kendall Elizabeth , Muenchberger Heidi , Gee Travis 
Published: November 2024

This study is a quantitative synthesis of research relating to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and employment outcomes. Using broad inclusion criteria, 26 studies were selected for review. The study comprised a combined sample of 3688 participants aged 16 years and above who had sustained a TBI as an adult. Aggregate results across selected studies indicated that individuals with TBI returned to competitive employment and other productive activities earlier with vocational intervention than without intervention. The current synthesis also demonstrated that the use of a narrow definition of return-to-work (i.e., full-time competitive work only) produced more apparent unemployment than an inclusive definition (i.e., any competitive work or productive activity). Although this finding is not surprising, full-time employed persons seemed more likely to remain 'employed' over time compared to those who were in any type of employment or productive activity. These findings have important implications regarding the timeliness of vocational interventions and highlight the need for competitive employment (full-time) preparation to ensure optimal long-term outcomes following TBI. The definition of employment and the nature of pre-injury employment is crucial to any interpretation of return-to-work in TBI. The current study also highlights the importance of measuring employment outcomes using multiple points over time, rather than single data points or first return-to-work.
General practitioners' awareness and understanding of vocational	rehabilitation in schizophrenia: A Tasmanian perspective
Authors: Crawley Tess , Fitzerald Natalie , Graham Holly 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Meaningful employment is a common goal for those with schizophrenia [27] and can lead to significant clinical gains [18]. General practitioners provide a pivotal role in the care of individuals with schizophrenia, but lack of integration between clinical and rehabilitation services is a significant barrier to receiving vocational rehabilitation [31]. This study investigated general practitioners' awareness and understanding of the benefits of vocational rehabilitation in the treatment of schizophrenia. Method: A 20-item questionnaire was mailed to 498 Tasmanian general practitioners accessed via the mailing lists of the Divisions of General Practice from each of the three Tasmanian regions: South, North, and Northwest. Responses were received anonymously from 102 participants. Results are reported as the percentage of responding general practitioners endorsing each item on the questionnaire. Results: The majority of respondents indicated average knowledge of schizophrenia and the benefits of meaningful employment for these patients. However, results indicated low rates of referral for vocational rehabilitation, which participants attributed to restricted information about available services, poor integration of clinical and rehabilitation services, and lack of time to discuss vocational rehabilitation goals. Conclusions: The current sample of Tasmanian general practitioners recognised the benefits of vocational rehabilitation in the management of schizophrenia, however they lack the appropriate resources (information, consultation time) to effect appropriate referrals to these services. Improved information dissemination to general practitioners, in particular information relating to available services and referral pathways, may improve referral rates for patients with schizophrenia to appropriate vocational rehabilitation services.
Does type of provider organization affect fidelity to	evidence-based supported employment?
Authors: Campbell Kikuko , Bond Gary R. , Gervey Robert , Pascaris Alysia , Tice Shaleigh , Revell Grant 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To compare fidelity of implementation of supported employment in different types of provider organizations. Methods: Using opportunity sampling, a multi-state survey yielded a sample of 106 supported employment programs, including 33 located in community mental health centers (CMHCs), 18 located in psychosocial rehabilitation centers, 31 located in comprehensive rehabilitation centers, and 24 housed in other social service agencies. Program directors completed a telephone interview on the Quality of Supported Employment Implementation Scale (QSEIS), a 33-item supported employment fidelity scale. Results: CMHC-based programs rated significantly higher on fidelity than programs housed in psychosocial rehabilitation or comprehensive rehabilitation centers. Integration with mental health treatment was the key factor differentiating the types of provider organizations. Conclusions: Type of provider organization is an important factor in facilitating implementation of evidence-based principles of supported employment.
Situational assessment in psychiatric rehabilitation: A	reappraisal
Authors: McGuire Alan B. , Bond Gary R. , Evans Jovier D. , Lysaker Paul H. , Kim Hea Won 
Published: November 2024

Background: One widely-used approach in the vocational rehabilitation field is the situational work assessment, in which staff rate general worker behaviors relevant to any employment setting. The Work Behavioral Inventory (WBI) is a standardized situational assessment developed specifically for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). Originally developed in a sheltered workshop environment, its application in community settings has not been studied. We examined the predictive validity for the WBI in a range of community and agency settings. Methods: Using a prospective longitudinal study, we assessed 52 clients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders newly enrolled in a vocational program at a psychiatric rehabilitation agency. Participants were followed for nine months and assessed every two months on the WBI. Findings: WBI ratings were unrelated to employment outcomes in the full sample at nine months. However, among participants who obtained paid employment at some time during follow-up, WBI ratings were positively associated with total wages earned, weeks worked, and paid hours worked. Conclusions: Situational assessment is a useful method for predicting employment outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia who obtain work. However, its utility in predicting initial job acquisition is uncertain. In addition, the limitations in the use of situation assessments in community employment settings raise questions about how it would be best adapted in programs implementing evidence-based supported employment.
Experiences of State Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies with the	Ticket to Work program
Authors: O'Day Bonnie , Revell Grant 
Published: November 2024

This article describes the experience of State Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies (SVRAs) with the Ticket to Work (TTW) program. We examined administrative data from the Social Security Administration and the Rehabilitation Services Administration and conducted site visits and telephone interviews with SVRA officials in 25 states as part of a five-year evaluation of the TTW program. The recession of 2001–2002, along with recent financial constraints due to increased service demand and shrinking state budgets, has negatively affected TTW implementation. SVRAs have spent significant time and energy implementing TTW, particularly assigning Tickets with little apparent benefit to its clients, according to SVRA officials. They also expressed concerns about conflicts between the necessity to obtain Ticket assignments from new and existing clients to receive SSA payments under the traditional cost reimbursement system and the requirements to provide maximum consumer choice under the Rehabilitation Act. New draft regulations rescind this requirement and it remains to be seen what the future role of SVRAs in the Ticket program will be.
The involvement of Employment Networks in Ticket to Work
Authors: Silva Tim 
Published: November 2024

In creating the Ticket to Work (TTW) program to move more disability beneficiaries off the rolls and into self-supporting employment, Congress felt that a major key to success would be increasing consumer choice and establishing a competitive market for return-to-work services. State vocational rehabilitation agencies long had been the dominant players in this field, but under TTW, a wide variety of private and public entities can register as Employment Networks (ENs) to accept Tickets from, and provide services to, disability beneficiaries who want to work at a level that will take them off cash benefits. Given the potential importance of ENs, the national evaluation of TTW has devoted considerable attention to understanding their involvement in the program. For three consecutive years, we analyzed administrative data on EN enrollment and on Ticket assignments and payments, and interviewed many EN representatives from around the country. This paper highlights the evaluation's findings concerning ENs' involvement in Ticket to Work. A variety of measures suggest that ENs' involvement has been limited. By June 2005, about 1,400 organizations were registered as ENs, but they were not necessarily readily available to many Ticket-eligible beneficiaries. A majority of ENs had not accepted a single Ticket, and ENs accounted for less than 10 percent of all Ticket assignments. ENs' involvement in TTW has been substantially influenced by three main factors: concerns about financial feasibility, low demand for EN services, and administrative challenges. These issues became apparent early in the program's rollout and continue to affect EN involvement today. In September 2005, SSA proposed new regulations intended to reduce the financial risk to ENs but, as of this writing (September 2007), the changes had not been implemented. It remains to be seen whether the proposed changes, if implemented, really will stimulate greater EN involvement.