bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of (+)‐usnic acid conjugates
Authors: Cirillo Daniela , Borroni Emanuele , Festoso Irene , Monti Diego , Romeo Sergio , Mazier Dominique , Verotta Luisella 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNew therapeutics are urgently needed to fight tuberculosis and mycobacteria‐related diseases that are a major health hazard especially in poor countries. Natural products have been the source of important antitubercular drugs in the past and still need to receive attention as a potent reservoir of chemical structures. Fifteen known and two new (+)‐usnic acid (a benzofurandione formerly isolated from lichens) enamines and hydrazones are here described and tested against sensitive and multidrug‐resistant strains of mycobacteria. Among several (+)‐usnic acid conjugates, PS14 and PS18 showed potent activity against both susceptible and resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (MIC values of 1–32 and 2–32 mg/L, respectively) comparable with MIC of other antitubercular drugs already in use for tuberculosis treatment.
Pharmacokinetics of R‐(−)ondansetron compared with that of S‐(−)ondansetron in rats using an LC–MS/MS method
Authors: Duan Mingyu , Zhao Qi , Zhong Dafang , Yuan Yue 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of R‐(−)ondansetron (R‐ond) compared with that of S‐(−)ondansetron (S‐ond) was studied in rats. R‐ond and S‐ond were injected intravenously into rats at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. The stability of ondansetron enantiomers in rat was determined by chiral HPLC, and the concentrations of R‐ond and S‐ond in plasma were determined by an LC/MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed statistically using the t‐test. The enantiomer inversions between R‐ond and S‐ond did not occur in rat. The pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2, AUC, MRT, CL) of R‐ond and S‐ond differed significantly. The concentration in plasma of the R/S‐enantiomeric ratio reached a maximum value of 9.5 at 4.0 h post‐dose. The pharmacokinetics of R‐ond and S‐ond are stereoselective in rat, which indicates substantial stereoselectivity in the disposition of ondansetron enantiomers in rat. R‐ond has more potential than S‐ond to be developed as a single enantiomer drug.
Right‐wing populism as a social representation: A comparison across four European countries
Authors: Staerklé Christian , Green Eva G.T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe rise of right‐wing populist parties has been widely discussed across the social sciences during the last decade. Taking a social representational approach, we analyse organising principles and anchoring of right‐wing populist thinking across four European countries (France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). Using European Social Survey data (Round 7), we compare political attitudes and self‐appraisals of citizens identifying with right‐wing populist, conservative right‐wing, and traditional left‐wing parties. The findings converge across the four countries to show that right‐wing populist identifiers diverge from both left‐ and right‐wing identifiers on vertical (between the “people” and the “elite”) and horizontal (between nationals and immigrants) dimensions of differentiation. Depending on the context, right‐wing populist identification was fuelled by material and physical insecurity, low political efficacy, and distrust of fellow citizens. We conclude that right‐wing populism requires multiple strategies of differentiation within and between groups to justify and sustain itself.
NAIF1 suppresses osteosarcoma progression and is regulated by miR‐128
Authors: Kong Daliang , Zhang Zhe 
Published: November 2018

Nuclear apoptosis‐inducing factor 1 (NAIF1) acts as an oncogene and involves in tumorigenesis in several cancers. However, the expression and mechanism of NAIF1 in osteosarcoma remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the downregulation of NAIF1 expression in both osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. We next explored the potential role of NAIF1 in osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration. The result showed that overexpression of NAIF1 evidently suppressed the cell proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we investigated the potential mechanisms accounting for dysregulation of NAIF1 in osteosarcoma. The bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR‐128 is a direct upstream regulator of NAIF1 and regulates NAIF1 expression by binding the 3′‐UTR of NAIF1. Consistent with previous study, we found that miR‐128 was upregulated in both osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, miR‐128 expression levels were inversely correlated with that of NAIF1 in osteosarcoma tissues. Finally, functional assay showed that miR‐128 significantly suppressed osteosarcoma progression partially mediated by inhibiting NAIF1 expression. These data indicate that the miR‐128 and its target gene NAIF1 played important roles by regulating OS cell proliferation and migration phenotype.Significance of the studyOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumour and the second leading cause of cancer‐related death affecting children and adolescents. Nuclear apoptosis‐inducing factor 1 (NAIF1) plays an inhibitory role in the initial steps of different carcinomas. However, the expression and mechanism of NAIF1 in osteosarcoma remains unclear. The data of this study indicated that the miR‐128 and its target gene NAIF1 played important roles by regulating OS cell proliferation and migration phenotype. It was demonstrated that NAIF1 would demonstrate important regulative effects and may be a promising therapeutic target of OS.
Temple syndrome diagnosed in an adult patient with clinical autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kimura Takuro , Kagami Masayo , Matsubara Keiko , Yatsuga Shuichi , Mukasa Rio , Yatsuga Chiho , Matsumoto Takako , Koga Yasutoshi 
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical MessageTemple syndrome (TS14) leads to growth failure, precocious puberty, and diabetes mellitus. However, the long‐term prognosis, including the development of social behavior in TS14 patients, remains unclarified. We report the clinical course of a male patient with autism spectrum disorder that received a diagnosis of TS14 at 33 years of age.
Underpotential Deposition of Silver on Au(111) from an Air‐ and Water‐Stable Ionic Liquid Visualized by In‐Situ STM
Authors: Ehrenburg Maria R. , Molodkina Elena B. , Broekmann Peter , Rudnev Alexander V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is a steadily increasing interest in room‐temperature ionic liquids (ILs) as media for metal electrodeposition. However, the fundamental understanding of the underlying surface processes at the electrode/IL interface and of the initial stages of electrodeposition is still at a very preliminary stage. In this article, we investigate the underpotential deposition (upd) of Ag on a well‐defined Au(111) single crystal surface from an air‐ and water‐stable IL, 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide [BMP][DCA]. By employing in‐situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we could visualize individual stages of the Ag upd process as a function of the applied electrode potential and correlate voltammetric responses to the obtained STM data. The initial Ag upd process results in the formation of an Ag‐(4×4) lattice, which is further transformed into a pseudomorphic Ag‐(1×1) monolayer at the underpotential of ∼40 mV. The structural stability of the Au(111) surface in [BMP][DCA] is also examined in the absence of Ag+ ions in both the negative and positive potential regions.
Stable and Persistent Acyclic Diaminocarbenes with Cycloalkyl Substituents and Their Transformation to β‐Lactams by Uncatalysed Carbonylation with CO
Authors: Wallbaum Lars , Weismann Daniel , Löber Dennis , Bruhn Clemens , Prochnow Pascal , Bandow Julia E. , Siemeling Ulrich 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFour new acyclic diaminocarbenes (ADACs), viz. [(cyclo‐CnH2n−1)2N]2C (n=5–7) and iPr2N‐C‐N(cyclo‐C6H11)2, were synthesised by reacting the corresponding formamidinium hexafluorophosphates with NaN(SiMe3)2. Their nucleophilicities and electrophilicities were respectively judged from the 1JCH values determined for the N2CH unit of the corresponding formamidinium cations and from the 77Se NMR chemical shifts of the selenourea derivatives obtained from the reaction of elemental selenium with the corresponding ADACs. An ambiphilic profile essentially identical to that of the “Alder carbene” (iPr2N)2C was found in each case. Similar to the latter carbene, the new ADACs undergo a well‐defined thermal decomposition by β‐fragmentation, affording an alkene and a formamidine. The stabilities of [(cyclo‐CnH2n−1)2N]2C depend strongly on the value of n, following the order 6>5>7, with the latter congener being too unstable for isolation. [(cyclo‐C6H11)2N]2C shows no thermal decomposition at room temperature in solution and is thus significantly more stable than (iPr2N)2C. The stability of iPr2N‐C‐N(cyclo‐C6H11)2 is intermediate between that of (iPr2N)2C and [(cyclo‐C6H11)2N]2C, its β‐fragmentation selectively affording propene and iPrN=CH‐N(cyclo‐C6H11)2. [(cyclo‐CnH2n−1)2N]2C (n=5–7) react readily with CO under mild conditions, selectively affording trisubstituted spirocyclic β‐lactam derivatives with an antimicrobial activity spectrum similar to that of penicillin G.
Indirect pathway to pectoral fin motor neurons from nucleus ruber in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Nakayama Tomoya , Nishino Hirotaka , Narita Junya , Abe Hideki , Yamamoto Naoyuki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSupraspinal motor control systems of pectoral fins remain unclear in teleosts. Nucleus ruber of Goldstein (1905; NRg), which has been identified as the probable homologue of nucleus ruber of tetrapods, is a candidate structure serving for such functions. In the present study, we investigated possible involvement of the NRg in the control of pectoral fin movement by tract‐tracing experiments in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Tracer injections into the NRg revealed the fiber course of rubrospinal tract. Rubrospinal fibers crossed the midline at the level of midbrain, descended through the tegmentum, and terminated in a region ventrally adjacent to the dorsal horn at the spinomedullary junction, without reaching the ventral horn where pectoral fin motor neurons are present. Tracer injection experiments into the dorsal horn region resulted in labeled terminals in proximities of presumed pectoral fin motor neurons in the ventral horn. Tracer injection experiments into the ventral horn resulted in retrogradely labeled neurons ventrally adjacent to the dorsal horn, where labeled terminals were detected following rubral injections. These anatomical analyses suggest that the NRg of actinopterygians is involved in the control of pectoral fin motor neurons through an indirect pathway via interneurons in the dorsal horn.
A Photocrosslinking‐Based RNA Chemical Proteomics Approach to Profile m6A‐Regulated Protein‐RNA Interactions
Authors: Arguello A. Emilia , Srikumar Tharan , Kleiner Ralph E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPost‐transcriptional modifications play an important role in RNA biology. In particular, the addition of small chemical groups to the nucleobases of mRNA can affect how modified transcripts are processed in the cell, thereby impacting gene expression programs. In order to study the molecular mechanisms underlying these modifications, it is necessary to characterize their ‘readers’, that is, proteins that directly bind to these modifications to mediate their functional consequences; this is a major challenge because we lack approaches to precisely manipulate RNA chemistry in the cell and because protein–modified RNA interactions can be low affinity. In this unit, we describe in detail a photocrosslinking‐based RNA chemical proteomics approach to profile the protein–modified RNA interactome modulated by N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA. First, we present protocols for the synthesis and characterization of short, diazirine‐containing synthetic RNA probes, followed by a description of their use in mass spectrometry–based proteomics with HeLa cell lysate and a short commentary on data analysis and result interpretation. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Environmental and evolutionary drivers of diversity patterns in the tea family (Theaceae s.s.) across China
Authors: Rao Mide , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Xiang Xiaoguo , Zhang Minggang , Mi Xiangcheng , Zhang Jintun , Ma Keping , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSubtropical forest is recognized as an important global vegetation type with high levels of plant species richness. However, the mechanisms underlying its diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the roles of environmental drivers and evolutionary dynamics (time‐for‐speciation and diversification rate) in shaping species richness patterns across China for a major subtropical plant group, the tea family (Theaceae s.s.) (145 species), at several taxonomic scales. To this end, we assessed the relationships between species richness, key environmental variables (minimum temperature of the coldest month, mean annual precipitation, soil pH), and phylogenetic assemblage structure (net related index) by using non‐spatial and spatial linear models. We found that species richness is significantly related to environmental variables, especially soil pH, which is negatively related to species richness both across the whole family and within the major tribe Theeae (116 species). Family‐level species richness is unrelated to phylogenetic structure, whereas species richness in tribe Theeae was related to phylogenetic structure with U‐shaped relationship, a more complex relation than predicted by the time‐for‐speciation or diversification rate hypotheses. Overall, these results suggest that both environmental and evolutionary factors play important roles in shaping species richness patterns within this subtropical plant family across China, with the latter mainly important at fine taxonomic scales. Most surprisingly, our findings show that soils can play a key role in shaping macro‐scale diversity patterns, contrary to often‐stated assumptions.
Proactive and reactive cognitive control rely on flexible use of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Ryman Sephira G. , El Shaikh Ansam A. , Shaff Nicholas A. , Hanlon Faith M. , Dodd Andrew B. , Wertz Christopher J. , Ling Josef M. , Barch Deanna M. , Stromberg Shannon F. , Lin Denise S. , Abrams Swala , Mayer Andrew R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe role of ventral versus dorsolateral prefrontal regions in instantiating proactive and reactive cognitive control remains actively debated, with few studies parsing cue versus probe‐related activity. Rapid sampling (460 ms), long cue–probe delays, and advanced analytic techniques (deconvolution) were therefore used to quantify the magnitude and variability of neural responses during the AX Continuous Performance Test (AX‐CPT; N = 46) in humans. Behavioral results indicated slower reaction times during reactive cognitive control (AY trials) in conjunction with decreased accuracy and increased variability for proactive cognitive control (BX trials). The anterior insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (aI/VLPFC) was commonly activated across comparisons of both proactive and reactive cognitive control. In contrast, activity within the dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was limited to reactive cognitive control. The instantiation of proactive cognitive control during the probe period was also associated with sparse neural activation relative to baseline, potentially as a result of the high degree of neural and behavioral variability observed across individuals. Specifically, the variability of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) within motor circuitry increased after the presentation of B relative to A cues (i.e., late in HRF) and persisted throughout the B probe period. Finally, increased activation of right aI/VLPFC during the cue period was associated with decreased motor circuit activity during BX probes, suggesting a possible role for the aI/VLPFC in proactive suppression of neural responses. Considered collectively, current results highlight the flexible role of the VLPFC in implementing cognitive control during the AX‐CPT task but suggest large individual differences in proactive cognitive control strategies.
Preparation, characterization and application of a protein hydrogel with rapid self‐healing and unique autofluoresent multi‐functionalities
Authors: Chen Jun , Dong Qiuchen , Huang Yikun , Ma Xiaoyu , Fan Tai‐Hsi , Bian Zichao , O'Reilly Beringhs André , Lu Xiuling , Lei Yu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA smart hydrogel with dual self‐healing and autofluoresent functionalities is presented. The protein hydrogel is fabricated by denaturing bovine serum albumin in a basic environment. Upon gelation, autofluorescence is induced and the protein hydrogel can be excited by a wide range of spectrum, ranging from 320 to 520 nm. It was also found that the as‐prepared autofluorescent protein hydrogel possessed rapid and repetitive self‐healing capability. Without any external stimulus, more than 90% recovery of the mechanical strength can be obtained within 10 min after destruction. Moreover, the as‐prepared hydrogel exhibits excellent biocompatibility and cell attachment property after its pH adjustment to neutral pH, while both autofluorescence and self‐healing properties were still retained. This study suggests a promising means to prepare multi‐functional protein hydrogel with dual physicochemical functionalities, which holds great potential in biomedical related applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 81–91, 2019.
Influence of chemically modified Luffa on the preparation of nanofiber and its biological evaluation for biomedical applications
Authors: Mary Stella S. , Vijayalakshmi U. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the present investigation, the natural cellulose was extracted from Luffa cylindrica vegetable sponge by chemical modification. Both chemically modified and unmodified Luffa was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The chemically modified cellulose was used for the preparation of a nanofibrous scaffold using the electrospinning method. In order to achieve the uniform and bead free fibers with desired fiber diameter the parameters such as applied voltage, tip to collector distance, solution concentration were optimized. Different ratio of hydroxyapatite (HAP): polylactic acid (PLA) such as 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 have been selected for the current evaluation and was compared with HAP‐treated cellulose (TC)‐PLA. With the increase in the concentration of HAP in the polymeric network, the diameter of the fiber was found to be thin with the high electric field. The functional group, phase formation and dielectric and mechanical properties of the developed nanofiber have been characterized by FTIR, XRD, mechanical property measurements, and SEM. From the results, we observed that the polymer composite developed with the ratio of 70:30 produces a bead free product with enhanced mechanical and bioactivity property by the formation of hydroxy carbonated apatite layer on the surface. All the nanofibrous scaffold fabricated with and without modification have shown good Cyto compatibility on MG‐63 Osteoblast cell lines at 48 hr. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 610–620, 2019.
Granulomonocytapheresis as a cell‐dependent treatment option for patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Concepts and clinical features for better therapeutic outcomes
Authors: Saniabadi Abbi R. , Tanaka Tomotaka , Yamamoto Takayuki , Kruis Wolfgang , Sacco Rodolfo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are major phenotypes of the chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which afflicts millions of individuals throughout the world with debilitating symptoms. The chronic nature of IBD means that patients require life‐long medications, and this may lead to drug dependency, loss of response together with adverse side effects as additional morbidity factors. The efficacy of antitumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α biologics has validated the role of inflammatory cytokines notably TNF‐α in the exacerbation and perpetuation of IBD. However, cytokines are released by myeloid lineage leucocytes like the CD14+CD16+ monocyte phenotype. Additionally in IBD, myeloid leucocytes are elevated with activation behavior, while lymphocytes are compromised. Therefore, patients' leucocytes appear logical targets of therapy. Adsorptive granulomonocytapheresis (GMA) with an Adacolumn uses carriers, which interact with the Fcγ receptor expressing leucocytes and deplete the elevated myeloid leucocytes, while the neutrophils, which re‐enter the circulation via the Adacolumn outflow (≥40%) are phagocytosed by CD19 B‐cells to become interleukin (IL)‐10 producing Bregs or CD19highCD1Dhigh B‐cells. IL‐10 is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine. GMA has been applied to treat patients with IBD. The efficacy outcomes have been impressive as well as disappointing, the clinical response to GMA defines the patients' disease course and severity at entry. Efficacy outcomes in patients with deep ulcers together with extensive loss of the mucosal tissue are not encouraging, while patients without these features respond well and attain a favorable long‐term disease course. Accordingly, for responder patients, GMA fulfills a desire to be treated without drugs.
Image segmentation by graph cut for radiation images of small animal blood vessels
Authors: Kim Taewan , Ahn Chibum , Lee Onseok 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSynchrotron radiation (SR) based X‐ray imaging is an attractive method for analyzing biomedical structure. However, despite its many advantages, there are few gold standards in image processing methods, especially in segmentation. Image segmentation is an essential step in medical imaging for image analysis and three‐dimensional reconstruction. Although there are many algorithms for image segmentation, a decisive method does not exist in SR X‐ray imagery, because of a lack of data. This study focused on finding a suitable algorithm for image segmentation in high‐resolution medical imaging. In this study, we used following four algorithms to segment blood vessel of mouse; interactive graph cuts algorithm, which segments an image using fast min‐cut/max‐flow algorithm to solve global solution, binary partition tree algorithm, which uses an interactive method creating tree nodes to segment an image by using splitting and merging an image, seeded region growing algorithm, which performs segmentation by connecting similar pixel value, simple interactive object extraction, which generates color signature for segmentation based on color model of an image.