bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Hepatic CD1d Levels Coincide with Invariant NKT Cell Defects in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Tan Xiaosheng , Ding Yajie , Zhu Peng , Dou Rui , Liang Zhihui , Yang Daofeng , Huang Zhiyong , Wang Wei , Wu Xiongwen , Weng Xiufang 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Activation of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells manifests antiviral immune responses in vivo. However, clinical trials have failed to show consistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA reduction postadministration of iNKT cell–specific agonist α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). In this study, we aimed to investigate HBV infection–related iNKT cell defects and explore iNKT cell–based therapeutic potential for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Liver specimens from 30 HBV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma patients were collected for CD1d/hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) staining and/or intrahepatic iNKT cell assay. Two hundred and six chronic HBV-infected patients (including 130 CHB patients) were enrolled in the study of circulating iNKT cell frequency and function. We found that liver and hepatoma tissue that positively stained for HBsAg had higher CD1d expression as compared with HBsAg negatively stained counterparts. The elevated CD1d expression in infected tissue is supposed to facilitate the iNKT cell–based antiviral effects locally. However, iNKT cell defects that related with disease progression suggested iNKT cells attenuated their effects during chronic HBV infection. The residual iNKT cells in CHB patients showed aberrant activation and hyporesponsiveness to α-GalCer. Exogenous IL-2 fully rescued α-GalCer–induced expansion of iNKT cells from CHB patients, and synergistic effects of IL-2 and IL-15 helped to recover the CD1d-dependent IFN-γ production. In conclusion, our results highlight the increased CD1d expression in HBV-infected liver and differential iNKT cell defects associated with disease progression during chronic HBV infection. The reversibility of iNKT cell defects suggests protective immune responses could be partially recovered in CHB.
Does Metabolic Syndrome Determine Severity and Disability of Chronic Low Backache?
Authors: Kalita Jayantee , Sonkar Kamlesh Kumar , Misra Usha Kant , Bhoi Sanjeev K. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Obesity may be associated with more severe and disabling low backache (LBA) due to alteration in biomechanics, but there are no such studies from developing countries. Aims: We report the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) in chronic LBA (CLBA) and its association with severity and disability of CLBA. Subjects and Methods: Consecutive patients with CLBA attending to the neurology service from October 2015 to February 2016 were included in the study. Clinical and demographic parameters were recorded. Routine biochemical test was done. The severity of pain was assessed by a 0–10 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and disability by Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) version 2. Comparison of variables was done by Chi-square or independent t-test and correlation by Karl Pearson or Spearman's rank correlation test. Results: Seventy-none (39.3%) patients had MS as per the International Diabetic Federation (IDF) criteria and 68 (33.8%) as per the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Abdominal obesity was the most common (171 [85.1%]) feature of MS. The patients with MS had longer duration of sitting work and did less frequently exercise. The NRS score (6.95 ± 1.06 vs. 6.65 ± 0.95; P = 0.04) and ODI score (54.91 ± 8.42 vs. 51.89 ± 8.54; P = 0.01) were higher in CLBA patients with MS compared to those without MS. Conclusion: About 40% patients with CLBA have metabolic syndrome, and they have more severe pain and disability.
Dihydroergotamine Complicating Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in Status Migrainosus
Authors: Mullaguri Naresh , Hepburn Madihah , Newey Christopher Ryan , Nattanmai Premkumar Chandrasekharan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinicoradiological syndrome that occurs due to dysfunction of cerebrovascular autoregulation. It is characterized by recurrent thunderclap headache from cerebral vasoconstriction which can cause ischemic infarction, spontaneous intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhage. This syndrome can be triggered by a variety of etiologies including medications, infectious, and inflammatory conditions. The diagnosis is often delayed due to unawareness among the health-care providers and delayed neuroimaging evidence of vasoconstriction with or without ischemic and/or hemorrhagic infarction. Status migrainosus is a prevalent condition requiring emergency room visits and inpatient admission. Thus, patients with RCVS can be easily misdiagnosed with migraine. We report a patient with RCVS misdiagnosed as status migrainosus with visual aura, treated with intravenous dihydroergotamine with worsening of cerebral vasoconstriction and lead to ischemic and hemorrhagic complications. We discuss this complication and provide guidance on differentiating between migraine and RCVS.
Practical consensus recommendations regarding role of mastectomy in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Somsekhar S. P. , Geeta K. , Jain R. , Nayyer R. , Halder S. , Malik V. K. , Parikh Purvish , Aggarwal S. , Koul R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhether to recommend mastectomy in metastatic disease or not has been a matter of debate. Is local therapy, such as mastectomy, of any benefit in advanced breast cancer is the main question. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.
Practical consensus recommendations regarding role of postmastectomy radiation therapy
Authors: Singh D. , Saini G. , Koul R. , Gupta V. , Abrol D. , De S. , Kulshrestha P. , Hukku S. N. , Lakshmi S. J. , Parikh Purvish M. , Aggarwal S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe use of radiation therapy after mastectomy (PMRT) has been limited to those patients who are at significant risk of cancer recurring in the chest wall or in the nodal basins. The use of PMRT has been widely accepted for patients with four or more positive lymph nodes, [1],[2] but there is still controversy regarding the value of PMRT for those with one to three positive nodes. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.
Practical consensus recommendations on fertility preservation in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Bajpai Jyoti , Majumdar A. , Satwik R. , Rohatgi N. , Jain V. , Gupta D. , Agarwal R. , Mittal S. , Verma S. K. , Parikh P. M. , Aggarwal S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractYoung women diagnosed with cancer today have a greater chance of long-term survival than ever before. Successful survivorship for this group of patients includes maintaining a high quality of life after a cancer diagnosis and treatment; however, lifesaving treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can impact survivors by impairing reproductive and endocrine health. Expert oncologists along with reproductive medicine specialists discuss fertility preservation options in this chapter since fertility preservation is becoming a priority for young women with breast cancer. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.
Practical consensus recommendations regarding the management of sentinel lymph node issues in early breast cancer
Authors: Kabra Vedant , Aggarwal R. , Vardhan S. , Singh M. , Khandelwal R. , Jain S. , Sahani S. , Saini S. , Deo N. , Kaul R. , Parikh P. M. , Aggarwal S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAxillary lymph node involvement is a very important poor prognostic factor in the clinical staging and management of breast cancer patients. Traditionally, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has been used for determining the status of the axillary lymph nodes. More recently the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) procedure has gained wider acceptance as the standard of care, having the advantage of being less invasivewhile providing good accuracy. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations in regards with the use of the two different procedures and other issues in patients with early breast cancer for the benefit of community oncologists.
Practical consensus recommendations on duration of adjuvant hormonal therapy in breast cancer
Authors: Gupta S. , Singh M. , Vora Amish , Babu G. , Walia M. , Nautial V. , Saha R. , Smruti B. K. , Sharma J. B. , Koul R. , Parikh Purvish M. , Aggarwal S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOptimization of adjuvant systemic therapy in women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer includes the consideration of chemotherapy and duration of hormone therapy. Adjuvant hormonal therapy significantly improves long-term survival of breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive disease. Despite the proven clinical efficacy of tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, many breast cancer survivors either fail to take the correct dosage at the prescribed frequency (adherence) or discontinue therapy (persistence). Expert oncologist discussed on the duration of adjuvant hormonal therapy for improvement of OS and quality of life of breast cancer patients by providing reduction in recurrence and mortality. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at this practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.
Practical consensus recommendations on ovarian suppression in early breast cancer (adjuvant)
Authors: Singhal M. , Sahoo T. P. , Aggarwal S. , Singhvi A. , Kaushal V. , Rajpurohit S. , Parthasarthi K. M. , Vora A. , Ganvir M. , Gupta S. , Parikh Purvish M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSubstantial survival benefits exist for patients with early-stage breast cancer who undergo treatment with single-modality ovarian suppression, but its value is uncertain. Expert oncologist discussed to determine whether additional benefits exist with ovarian suppression plus multiple adjuvant therapy which provides a new treatment option that reduces the risk of recurrence in early breast cancer. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at this practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.
Mixing layer height on the North China Plain and meteorological evidence of serious air pollution in southern Hebei
Authors: Zhu Xiaowan , Tang Guiqian , Guo Jianping , Hu Bo , Song Tao , Wang Lili , Xin Jinyuan , Gao Wenkang , Münkel Christoph , Schäfer Klaus , Li Xin , Wang Yuesi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. To investigate the spatiotemporal variability of the mixing layer
height (MLH) on the North China Plain (NCP), multi-site and long-term
observations of the MLH with ceilometers at three inland stations (Beijing, BJ; Shijiazhuang, SJZ; Tianjin, TJ) and
one coastal site (Qinhuangdao) were conducted from 16 October 2013 to 15 July 2015. The MLH of the inland
stations in the NCP were highest in summer and lowest in winter, while the
MLH on the coastal area of Bohai was lowest in summer and highest in spring.
As a typical site in southern Hebei, the annual mean of the MLH at SJZ was
464 ± 183 m, which was 15.0 and 21.9 % lower than that at the BJ
(594 ± 183 m) and TJ (546 ± 197 m) stations, respectively.
Investigation of the shear term and buoyancy term in the NCP revealed that
these two parameters in southern Hebei were 2.8 times lower and 1.5 times
higher than that in northern NCP within 0–1200 m in winter, respectively,
leading to a 1.9-fold higher frequency of the gradient Richardson number > 1 in southern Hebei compared to the northern NCP.
Furthermore, combined with aerosol optical depth and PM2.5 observations,
we found that the pollutant column concentration contrast (1.2 times) between
these two areas was far less than the near-ground PM2.5 concentration
contrast (1.5 times). Through analysis of the ventilation coefficient in the
NCP, the near-ground heavy pollution in southern Hebei mainly resulted from
the lower MLH and wind speed. Therefore, due to the importance of unfavorable
weather conditions, heavily polluting enterprises should be relocated and
strong emission reduction measures should be introduced to improve the air quality in
southern Hebei.
Estimating criteria pollutant emissions using the California Regional Multisector Air Quality Emissions (CA-REMARQUE) model v1.0
Authors: Zapata Christina B. , Yang Chris , Yeh Sonia , Ogden Joan , Kleeman Michael J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The California Regional Multisector Air Quality Emissions (CA-REMARQUE) model is developed to predict changes to criteria pollutant emissions inventories in California in response to sophisticated emissions control programs implemented to achieve deep greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions. Two scenarios for the year 2050 act as the starting point for calculations: a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and an 80 % GHG reduction (GHG-Step) scenario. Each of these scenarios was developed with an energy economic model to optimize costs across the entire California economy and so they include changes in activity, fuels, and technology across economic sectors. Separate algorithms are developed to estimate emissions of criteria pollutants (or their precursors) that are consistent with the future GHG scenarios for the following economic sectors: (i) on-road, (ii) rail and off-road, (iii) marine and aviation, (iv) residential and commercial, (v) electricity generation, and (vi) biorefineries. Properly accounting for new technologies involving electrification, biofuels, and hydrogen plays a central role in these calculations. Critically, criteria pollutant emissions do not decrease uniformly across all sectors of the economy. Emissions of certain criteria pollutants (or their precursors) increase in some sectors as part of the overall optimization within each of the scenarios. This produces nonuniform changes to criteria pollutant emissions in close proximity to heavily populated regions when viewed at 4 km spatial resolution with implications for exposure to air pollution for those populations. As a further complication, changing fuels and technology also modify the composition of reactive organic gas emissions and the size and composition of particulate matter emissions. This is most notably apparent through a comparison of emissions reductions for different size fractions of primary particulate matter. Primary PM2.5 emissions decrease by 4 % in the GHG-Step scenario vs. the BAU scenario while corresponding primary PM0.1 emissions decrease by 36 %. Ultrafine particles (PM0.1) are an emerging pollutant of concern expected to impact public health in future scenarios. The complexity of this situation illustrates the need for realistic treatment of criteria pollutant emissions inventories linked to GHG emissions policies designed for fully developed countries and states with strict existing environmental regulations.
An open trial of individualized face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychological distress in parents of children after end of treatment for childhood cancer including a cognitive behavioral conceptualization
Authors: Ljungman Lisa , Cernvall Martin , Ghaderi Ata , Ljungman Gustaf , von Essen Louise , Ljótsson Brjánn 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveA subgroup of parents of children who have been treated for childhood cancer report high levels of psychological distress. To date there is no empirically supported psychological treatment targeting cancer-related psychological distress in this population. The aim of the current study was to test the feasibility and preliminarily evaluate the effect of individualized face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for parents of children after the end of treatment for childhood cancer. A secondary aim was to present a cognitive behavioral conceptualization of cancer-related distress for these parents.MethodsAn open trial was conducted where 15 parents of children who had completed successful treatment for cancer three months to five years earlier and who reported psychological distress related to a child’s previous cancer disease were provided CBT at a maximum of 15 sessions. Participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up using self-reported psychological distress (including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression, and anxiety) and the diagnostic Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Feasibility outcomes relating to recruitment, data collection, and delivery of the treatment were also examined. Individual case formulations for each participant guided the intervention and these were aggregated and presented in a conceptualization detailing core symptoms and their suggested maintenance mechanisms.ResultsA total of 93% of the participants completed the treatment and all of them completed the follow-up assessment. From baseline to post-assessment, parents reported significant improvements in PTSS, depression, and anxiety with medium to large effect sizes (Cohen’sd= 0.65–0.92). Results were maintained or improved at a three-month follow-up. At baseline, seven (47%) participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder and four (29%) fulfilled the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, compared to none at a post-assessment and a follow-up assessment. The resulting cognitive behavioral conceptualization suggests traumatic stress and depression as the core features of distress, and avoidance and inactivity is suggested as the core maintenance mechanisms.ConclusionThe treatment was feasible and acceptable to the participants. Significant improvements in distress were observed during the study. Overall, results suggest that the psychological treatment for parents of children after end of treatment for childhood cancer used in the current study is promising and should be tested and evaluated in future studies.
Is There a Tectonically Driven Supertidal Cycle?
Authors: Green J. A. M. , Molloy J. L. , Davies H. S. , Duarte J. C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEarth is 180 Myr into the current supercontinent cycle, and the next supercontinent is predicted to form in 250 Myr. The continuous changes in continental configuration can move the ocean between resonant states, and the semidiurnal tides are currently large compared to the past 252 Myr due to tidal resonance in the Atlantic. This leads to the hypothesis that there is a “supertidal” cycle linked to the supercontinent cycle. Here this is tested using new tectonic predictions for the next 250 Myr as bathymetry in a numerical tidal model. The simulations support the following hypothesis: a new tidal resonance will appear 150 Myr from now, followed by a decreasing tide as the supercontinent forms 100 Myr later. This affects the dissipation of tidal energy in the oceans, with consequences for the evolution of the Earth‐Moon system, ocean circulation and climate, and implications for the ocean's capacity of hosting and evolving life.
Ultrahigh‐Performance Self‐Powered Flexible Double‐Twisted Fibrous Broadband Perovskite Photodetector
Authors: Sun Haoxuan , Tian Wei , Cao Fengren , Xiong Jie , Li Liang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSelf‐powered flexible photodetectors without an external power source can meet the demands of next‐generation portable and wearable nanodevices; however, the performance is far from satisfactory becuase of the limited match of flexible substrates and light‐sensitive materials with proper energy levels. Herein, a novel self‐powered flexible fiber‐shaped photodetector based on double‐twisted perovskite–TiO2–carbon fiber and CuO–Cu2O–Cu wire is designed and fabricated. The device shows an ultrahigh detectivity of 2.15 × 1013 Jones under the illumination of 800 nm light at zero bias. CuO–Cu2O electron block bilayer extends response range of perovskite from 850 to 1050 nm and suppresses dark current down to 10−11 A. The fast response speed of less than 200 ms is nearly invariable after dozens of cycles of bending at the extremely 90 bending angle, demonstrating excellent flexibility and bending stability. These parameters are comparable and even better than reported flexible and even rigid photodetectors. The present results suggest a promising strategy to design photodetectors with integrated function of self‐power, flexibility, and broadband response.
Na3V2(PO4)3/C Positive Electrodes with High Energy and Power Densities for Sodium Secondary Batteries with Ionic Liquid Electrolytes That Operate across Wide Temperature Ranges
Authors: Hwang Jinkwang , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPositive electrode materials with a wide operating temperature range and high energy and power densities are required for the construction of practical sodium secondary batteries. High performance is expected at elevated temperatures because electrode reactions and ion diffusion are enhanced under such conditions. In the present study, carbon‐coated Na superionic conductor‐type Na3V2(PO4)3 is prepared via a sol–gel method and investigated as a positive electrode material for sodium secondary batteries operating under low‐to‐intermediate temperature conditions. The Na3V2(PO4)3/C material utilizes fully the safety and large liquid‐phase temperature range of Na[bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide]–[1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium][bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide] ionic liquid electrolytes. Electrochemical testing of the Na3V2(PO4)3/C composite reveals superior cycling and rate performance at 253–363 K. Cycling tests at 1C (117 mA g−1) confirm capacity retention of 99% and Coulombic efficiency of over 99.9% after 300 cycles at 298 and 363 K. Even faster‐current cycling at 20C results in capacity retention of 89.2% after 5000 cycles at 363 K. The high rate capability at 363 K (50.1 mA h g−1 at 58500 mA g−1) leads to excellent power and energy densities that exceed those of NaCrO2 and Na2FeP2O7.
Effect of process parameters on the adhesion strength in two‐component injection molding of thermoset rubbers and thermoplastics
Authors: Bex Gert‐Jan , Six Wim , Laing Brittany , De Keyzer Jozefien , Desplentere Frederik , Van Bael Albert 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTRecently, a novel two‐component injection molding process has been developed for combining thermoplastics with thermoset rubbers. This process is of interest for example when thermoplastic parts include seals which are usually produced out of thermoset rubber. The present study evaluates the influence of different process parameters on the bond strength by means of a half factorial experimental design. The considered process parameters are the mold temperature at the interface, the injection temperature, the injection speed, the holding pressure, and the initial roughness of the thermoplastic part at the later interface. The study indicates a large influence of the mold temperature at the interface. Furthermore, the holding pressure only affects the adhesion strength when it is set too low or when the holding time is too short. The other process parameters have no significant effect on the adhesion strength. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46495.