bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borrow or Grow: An Overview of Talent Development/Management Practices in Indian IT Organizations
Authors: Chaudhuri Sanghamitra , Hirudayaraj Malar , Ardichvili Alexandre 
Published: October 2018

The Problem In recent years, as India started to emerge as the IT (information technology) super power and the supplier for human capital trained in IT to the Western world, a plethora of talent management and development issues have started coming to the surface. Given the vastness of India’s young and diverse human resources, the concerns center less around availability of talent and more around managing and developing the available talent to suit local needs. Furthermore, concerns are raised over excessive reliance on Western models of TD/TM (talent development/talent management) in Indian organizations and their implementation without significant adaptation to local cultural and institutional conditions. The Solution This study explores TD/TM strategies in three different business organizations using the case study method. The three organizations are a multinational corporation headquartered in India, a foreign multinational organization with subsidiaries in India, and a smaller local business organization. The article discusses (a) the commonalities and differences in the TD/TM strategies followed by three different types of organizations, (b) the use of home-grown strategies and strategies borrowed from the West, (c) the trends and challenges of TM/TD practices facing the IT industry. The Stakeholders Chief learning officers, directors of human resources, HRD scholars
Intención de implementar un plan de acción para el uso del condón en adolescentes: Action plan for condom use implementation intentions in adolescents
Authors: Orozco Gómez Claudia , Moreno Monsiváis María Guadalupe 
Published: October 2018

Introducción: La intención de implementar un plan para el uso del condón ha sido efectiva para alcanzar diversas conductas de salud, desarrollarla permitirá a los adolescentes contemplar conductas anticipadas para su uso, de esta manera podrán disminuir riesgo de adquirir una Infección de Transmisión Sexual (ITS). El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si los adolescentes cuentan con la intención de implementar un plan de acción para el uso del condón. Método: El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo transversal. La muestra se conformó por 130 adolescentes inscritos en una preparatoria pública del área metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Se incluyeron adolescentes que declararon haber iniciado vida sexual y aceptaron participar en el estudio. Resultados: Los participantes cuentan con la intención de implementar un plan para el uso del condón de forma incompleta, principalmente para negociar y usar el condón. Los hombres mostraron ligeramente mayor intención de implementar un plan de forma general, para adquirir y llevar un condón. Conclusión: Es necesario que los adolescentes adquieran habilidades que le permitan fortalecer la intención de implementar un plan para el uso del condón. Se requiere incorporar en los programas de prevención de ITS diferentes estrategias que puedan brindar o reforzar habilidades para planear el uso del condón.
Cost Implications of Reactive Versus Prospective Testing for Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Murphy Con , Byrne Stephen , Ahmed Gul , Kenny Andrew , Gallagher James , Harvey Harry , O’Farrell Eoin , Bird Brian 
Published: October 2018

Background: Severe toxicity is experienced by a substantial minority of patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy, with approximately 20% of these severe toxicities attributable to polymorphisms in the DPYD gene. The DPYD codes for the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) important in the metabolism of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. We questioned whether prospective DPYD mutation analysis in all patients commencing such therapy would prove more cost-effective than reactive testing of patients experiencing severe toxicity. Methods: All patients experiencing severe toxicity from fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer in an Irish private hospital over a 3-year period were tested for 4 DPYD polymorphisms previously associated with toxicity. The costs associated with an index admission for toxicity in DPD-deficient patients were examined. A cost analysis was undertaken comparing the anticipated cost of implementing screening for DPYD mutations versus current usual care. One-way sensitivity analysis was conducted on known input variables. An alternative scenario analysis from the perspective of the Irish health-care payer (responsible for public hospitals) was also performed. Results: Of 134 patients commencing first-line fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy over 3 years, 30 (23%) patients developed grade 3/4 toxicity. Of these, 17% revealed heterozygote DPYD mutations. The cost of hospitalization for the DPYD-mutated patients was €232 061, while prospectively testing all 134 patients would have cost €23 718. Prospective testing would result in cost savings across all scenarios. Conclusions: The cost of hospital admission for severe chemotherapy-related toxicity is significantly higher than the cost of prospective DPYD testing of each patient commencing fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy.
A systematic review of isolated radial artery harvesting as a conduit for lower limb bypass grafting
Authors: Wee Ian , Choong Andrew MTL 
Published: October 2018

Background Whilst autologous vein conduits have been heralded as the first-line approach for patients undergoing lower limb bypass grafting procedures, patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease may have exhausted venous options given prior use for cardiac surgery, varicose vein surgery, or lower limb revascularization. Hence, the use of a radial artery graft may serve as a viable alternative. Methods The systematic review was performed in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. An electronic search was performed on the following databases: Medline (via PubMed); EMBASE; Cochrane library to search for relevant publications. A narrative analysis was conducted. Results Four publications were included in this review including two retrospective cohort studies, one case series, and one case report, with a total of 43 patients. The most common indication for lower limb bypass grafting was critical limb ischemia, and the radial artery was chosen as graft conduit, most commonly due to the absence of suitable arm or leg vein. There was one case of 30-day mortality and 11 reinterventions. Conclusion Despite the encouraging results, the paucity of high-quality studies prevents the establishment of any firm conclusion. This warrants the need for appropriately conducted randomized controlled trials to compare the radial artery graft to autologous vein grafts and prosthetic grafts for lower limb bypass grafting.
TLR4/NF-κB signaling activation in plantar tissue and dorsal root ganglion involves in the development of postoperative pain
Authors: Xing Fei , Zhang Wei , Wen Jing , Bai Liying , Gu Hanwen , Li Zhisong , Zhang Jian , Tao Yuan-Xiang , Xu Ji-Tian 
Published: October 2018

Background Severe postoperative pain remains a clinical problem that impacts patient’s rehabilitation. The present work aims to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) activation in wounded plantar tissue and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the genesis of postoperative pain and its underlying mechanisms. Results Postoperative pain was induced by plantar incision in rat hind paw. Plantar incision led to increased expression of TLR4 in ipsilateral lumbar 4–5 (L4/L5) DRGs, which occurred at 2 h and was persistent to the third day after surgery. Similar to the change in TLR4 expression, there was also significant increase in phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (p-p65) in DRGs after surgery. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the increased expressions of TLR4 and p-p65 not only in neuronal cells but also in satellite glial cells in DRG. Furthermore, the enhanced expressions of TLR4 and p-p65 were also detected in plantar tissues around the incision, which was observed starting at 2 h and lasting until the third day after surgery. Prior intrathecal (i.t.) injections of TAK-242 (a TLR4-specific antagonist) or 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-dihydrochloride (PDTC, a nuclear factor-kappa B activation inhibitor) dose dependently alleviated plantar incision-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and inhibited the increased expressions of p-p65, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta in DRG. Prior subcutaneous (s.c.) plantar injection of TAK-242 or PDTC also ameliorated pain-related hypersensitivity following plantar incision. Moreover, the plantar s.c. injection of TAK-242 or PDTC inhibited the increased expressions of p-p65, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta not only in local wounded plantar tissue but also dramatically in ipsilateral lumbar 4–5 DRGs. Conclusion TLR4/ nuclear factor-kappa B signaling activation in local injured tissue and DRG contribute to the development of postoperative pain via regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Targeting TLR4/ nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in local tissue at early stage of surgery may be an effective strategy for the treatment of postoperative pain.
Cataracts
Authors: Machin Annabelle 
Published: October 2018

In 2010, the Global Burden of Diseases Study found that worldwide, 10 800 000 people are blind and 35 000 000 visually impaired due to cataracts. In the UK, more than half of people aged over 65 years are affected, with cataract surgery being one of the commonest elective procedures. It is important for GPs to be able to diagnose this common condition, to offer advice to patients about driving restrictions, and refer for surgery when indicated. Prompt identification and referral of infants with suspected cataracts is essential.
Prasugrel or ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome and diabetes: a propensity matched substudy of RENAMI
Authors: Conrotto Federico , Bertaina Maurizio , Raposeiras-Roubin Sergio , Kinnaird Tim , Ariza-Solé Albert , Manzano-Fernández Sergio , Templin Christian , Velicki Lazar , Xanthopoulou Ioanna , Cerrato Enrico , Rognoni Andrea , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Omedè Pierluigi , Montabone Andrea , Taha Salma , Durante Alessandro , Gili Sebastiano , Magnani Giulia , Autelli Michele , Grosso Alberto , Flores Blanco Pedro , Garay Alberto , Quadri Giorgio , Varbella Ferdinando , Caneiro Queija Berenice , Cobas Paz Rafael , Cespón Fernández María , Muñoz Pousa Isabel , Gallo Diego , Morbiducci Umberto , Dominguez-Rodriguez Alberto , Valdés Mariano , Cequier Angel , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Iñiguez-Romo Andrés , Gaita Fiorenzo , Abu-Assi Emad , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: The safety and efficacy of prasugrel and ticagrelor in patients with diabetes mellitus presenting with acute coronary syndrome and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention remain to be assessed. Methods: All diabetes patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome and enrolled in the REgistry of New Antiplatelets in patients with Myocardial Infarction (RENAMI) were compared before and after propensity score matching. Net adverse cardiovascular events (composite of death, stroke, myocardial infarction and BARC 3–5 bleedings) and major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of death, stroke and myocardial infarction) were the co-primary endpoints. Single components of primary endpoints were secondary endpoints. Results: Among 4424 patients enrolled in RENAMI, 462 and 862 diabetes patients treated with prasugrel and ticagrelor, respectively, were considered. After propensity score matching, 386 patients from each group were selected. At 19±5 months, major adverse cardiovascular events and net adverse cardiovascular events were similar in the prasugrel and ticagrelor groups (5.4% vs. 3.4%, P=0.16 and 6.7% vs. 4.1%, P=0.11, respectively). Ticagrelor was associated with a lower risk of death and BARC 2–5 bleeding when compared to prasugrel (2.8% vs. 0.8%, P=0.031 and 6.0% vs. 2.6%, P=0.02, respectively) and a clear but not significant trend for a reduction of BARC 3–5 bleeding (2.3% vs. 0.8%, P=0.08). There were no significant differences in myocardial infarction recurrence and stent thrombosis. Conclusion: Diabetes patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome seem to benefit equally in terms of major adverse cardiovascular events from ticagrelor or prasugrel use. Ticagrelor was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause death and bleedings, without differences in recurrent ischaemic events, which should be confirmed in dedicated randomised controlled trials.
Giant cell tumor of the small bones of the foot
Authors: Co Hannah L , Wang Edward HM 
Published: October 2018

Aims: This study aims to determine whether giant cell tumor of bone of the foot (GCTB-F) is more aggressive than GCTB at other sites using data from a single institution. Patients and Methods: We reviewed all patients with GCTB seen by our Unit from 1993 to 2012. Patients with GCTB-F were compared with all other patients with GCTB in terms of demographics and presentation. This group of GCTB-F was then compared with patients with GCTB of the appendicular skeleton (GCTB-AS) in terms of treatment and oncologic outcome at follow-up of at least 2 years. Results and conclusion: There were seven patients with GCTB-F (2.6%), most consulted over 12 months after symptoms. Compared to other GCTB ( n = 262), a bigger proportion of patients (28.5%) presented as recurrent lesions. All seven patients were classified as Campanacci III but none had lung metastasis at presentation or on follow-up. Compared to the group of 124 GCTB-AS, no GCTB-F patient received intralesional surgery. The 14% recurrence rate can be explained by contaminated non-intralesional surgery due to the advanced presentation and the technically challenging architecture of the foot. It would seem the aggressive tag of GCTB-F is not due to aggressive biologic behavior but to a combination of delayed presentation, delayed diagnosis, and difficult surgery.
Tinospora cordifolia as a potential neuroregenerative candidate against glutamate induced excitotoxicity: an in vitro perspective
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Kaur Gurcharan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background
Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of CNS acts as a neurotoxin at higher concentrations. Prolonged activation of glutamate receptors results in progressive neuronal damage by aggravating calcium influx, inducing mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. Excitotoxic cell death is associated with the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders such as trauma, brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The current study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential of Tinospora cordifolia against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity using primary cerebellar neuronal cultures as a model system.

Methods
Monosodium salt of glutamate was used to induce neurotoxic injury in primary cerebellar neurons. Four extracts including Hexane extract, Chloroform extract, Ethyl acetate, and Butanol extract were obtained from fractionation of previously reported aqueous ethanolic extract of T. cordifolia and tested for neuroprotective activity. Out of the four fractions, Butanol extract of T. cordifolia (B-TCE) exhibited neuroprotective potential by preventing degeneration of neurons induced by glutamate. Expression of different neuronal, apoptotic, inflammatory, cell cycle regulatory and plasticity markers was studied by immunostaining and Western blotting. Neurite outgrowth and migration were also studied using primary explant cultures, wound scratch and gelatin zymogram assay.

Results
At molecular level, B-TCE pretreatment of glutamate-treated cultures normalized the stress-induced downregulation in the expression of neuronal markers (MAP-2, GAP-43, NF200) and anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-xL). Further, cells exposed to glutamate showed enhanced expression of inflammatory (NF-κB, AP-1) and senescence markers (HSP70, Mortalin) as well as the extent of mitochondrial damage. However, B-TCE pretreatment prevented this increase and inhibited glutamate-induced onset of inflammation, stress and mitochondrial membrane damage. Furthermore, B-TCE was observed to promote regeneration, migration and plasticity of cerebellar neurons, which was otherwise significantly inhibited by glutamate treatment.

Conclusion
These results suggest that B-TCE may have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential against catastrophic consequences of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
Effect of plano‐valgus foot posture on midfoot kinematics during barefoot walking in an adolescent population
Authors: Caravaggi Paolo , Sforza Chiarella , Leardini Alberto , Portinaro Nicola , Panou Artemisia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPlano‐valgus is a common alteration of the paediatric foot, characterized by valgus hindfoot, foot pronation and drop of the medial longitudinal arch. Despite their importance in the diagnosis and classification of plano‐valgus foot condition, little information is available on functional alterations of the major joints spanning the medial longitudinal arch – i.e. midtarsal and tarso‐metatarsal. Aim of the study was to provide objective description of the alterations in plano‐valgus midfoot joints with respect to those in an age‐matched normally‐developed feet population.MethodsTwenty adolescents (13.3 ± 0.8 years) with bilateral plano‐valgus feet underwent clinical examination and were gait‐analysed via a validated 4‐segment foot model. This allowed to measure static foot posture, kinematics of the main foot joints, and medial longitudinal arch deformation during walking at comfortable speed. Range of motion and temporal profiles of joint rotations were compared to those from a control population of age‐matched adolescents with normally‐developed feet.ResultsThe plano‐valgus midtarsal joint was more dorsiflexed, everted and abducted than that in the control group, and showed reduced sagittal‐plane RoM (plano‐valgus = 15.9 degrees; control = 22.2 degrees; P <  0.01). The tarso‐metarsal joint was more plantarflexed and adducted, and showed larger frontal‐plane RoM. The MLA showed larger RoM and was lower throughout the stance phase of the gait cycle.ConclusionSignificant postural and kinematic alterations are present at the midtarsal and tarso‐metarsal joints of adolescents with plano‐valgus feet. Objective identification and quantification of plano‐valgus foot alterations, via non‐invasive gait‐analysis, is relevant to improving the diagnosis of this condition and to evaluating the effect of conservative treatments and of surgical corrections by different techniques.
The design of an indirect method for the human presence monitoring in the intelligent building
Authors: Vanus Jan , Machac Jaroslav , Martinek Radek , Bilik Petr , Zidek Jan , Nedoma Jan , Fajkus Michal 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article describes the design and verification of the indirect method of predicting the course of CO2 concentration (ppm) from the measured temperature variables T
indoor (°C) and the relative humidity rHindoor (%) and the temperature T
outdoor (°C) using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the Bayesian Regulation Method (BRM) for monitoring the presence of people in the individual premises in the Intelligent Administrative Building (IAB) using the PI System SW Tool (PI-Plant Information enterprise information system). The CA (Correlation Analysis), the MSE (Root Mean Squared Error) and the DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) criteria were used to verify and classify the results obtained. Within the proposed method, the LMS adaptive filter algorithm was used to remove the noise of the resulting predicted course. In order to verify the method, two long-term experiments were performed, specifically from February 1 to February 28, 2015, from June 1 to June 28, 2015 and from February 8 to February 14, 2015. For the best results of the trained ANN BRM within the prediction of CO2, the correlation coefficient R for the proposed method was up to 92%. The verification of the proposed method confirmed the possibility to use the presence of people of the monitored IAB premises for monitoring. The designed indirect method of CO2 prediction has potential for reducing the investment and operating costs of the IAB in relation to the reduction of the number of implemented sensors in the IAB within the process of management of operational and technical functions in the IAB. The article also describes the design and implementation of the FEIVISUAL visualization application for mobile devices, which monitors the technological processes in the IAB. This application is optimized for Android devices and is platform independent. The application requires implementation of an application server that communicates with the data server and the application developed. The data of the application developed is obtained from the data storage of the PI System via a PI Web REST API (Application Programming Integration) client.
Assessing the role of virtual reality training in Canadian Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Residency Programs: A national survey of program directors and residents
Authors: Lui Justin T , Compton Evan D , Ryu Won Hyung A , Hoy Monica Y 
Published: October 2018

Background Given mounting pressure of work hour restrictions, resource constraints, and variability of clinical exposure, Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS) residency training has shifted away from the apprenticeship model to embrace the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada's “Competence by Design” initiative. As a result, appraising both current and potential educational adjuncts has become increasingly important. In this investigation, a national needs assessment survey was performed to identify strengths, weaknesses, and future opportunities of the current training landscape. Methods An online survey was distributed to all thirteen Canadian OHNS post-graduate administrators for completion by program directors and residents from February to October in 2016. Prior to distribution, the survey was vetted for face validity by a group of staff Otolaryngologists and questions were modified accordingly. Quantitative analysis was performed on SPSS (IBM Corp., Chicago) with non-parametric, two-tailed Mann-Whitney U testing performed on scaled questions. Results Of the 68 responses, 11 of 13 (84.6%) of program directors and 57 of 168 (33.9%) residents responded to the survey. All 13 programs currently utilize cadaveric laboratory dissections. Associated challenges were ranked as specimen availability, faculty participation, insufficient space, and resident time constraints. 30.8% of programs currently utilize some form of virtual reality simulator, which 90.9% of program directors felt would be a fair and effective platform for evaluation. Conclusion A discrepancy exists between the favourable attitudes of both residents and program directors towards virtual reality simulation and its actual adoption. For successful adoption to occur, the existing barriers to unconventional training must be addressed and the tangible benefits for competency based training will need to be explored.