bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diacylglycerol kinase control of protein kinase C
Authors: Mérida Isabel , Arranz-Nicolás Javier , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Cristina , Ávila-Flores Antonia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The diacylglycerol kinases (DGK) are lipid kinases that transform diacylglycerol (DAG) into phosphatidic acid (PA) in a reaction that terminates DAG-based signals. DGK provide negative regulation to conventional and novel protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes, limiting local DAG availability in a tissue- and subcellular-restricted manner. Defects in the expression/activity of certain DGK isoforms contribute substantially to cognitive impairment and mental disorders. Abnormal DGK overexpression in tumors facilitates invasion and resistance to chemotherapy preventing tumor immune destruction by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Effective translation of these findings into therapeutic approaches demands a better knowledge of the physical and functional interactions between the DGK and PKC families. DGKζ is abundantly expressed in the nervous and immune system, where physically and functionally interacts with PKCα. The latest discoveries suggest that PDZ-mediated interaction facilitates spatial restriction of PKCα by DGKζ at the cell–cell contact sites in a mechanism where the two enzymes regulate each other. In T lymphocytes, DGKζ interaction with Sorting Nexin 27 (SNX27) guarantees the basal control of PKCα activation. SNX27 is a trafficking component required for normal brain function whose deficit has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The enhanced PKCα activation as the result of SNX27 silencing in T lymphocytes aligns with the recent correlation found between gain-of-function PKCα mutations and AD and suggests that disruption of the mechanisms that provides a correct spatial organization of DGKζ and PKCα may lie at the basis of immune and neuronal synapse impairment.
Normal Visual Recovery after Optic Neuritis Despite Significant Loss of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sherif Mohamed , Bergin Ciara , Borruat François-Xavier 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background Optic neuritis (ON) is a frequent manifestation of demyelinating attack in multiple sclerosis (MS). Initial visual loss can vary from minimal to complete. Visual improvement occurs in about 95% of patients, some of them recovering to normal [visual acuity (VA), color vision, visual field (VF)]. We analyzed retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL) thickness in MS patients who recovered their normal vision after ON to determine whether a relative preservation of RGCL existed in these patients.
Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective study of all patients with MS and ON examined by one of us (F. X. B.) between 2013 and 2018. Inclusion criteria were strictly unilateral ON, full recovery of vision, computerized visual field, and OCT examinations. Full recovery of vision was defined as VA ≥ 10/10, Ishihara ≥ 11/13, and VF mean defect (MD) ≤ 2.6 dB. Evaluation of RGCL was obtained with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The normal fellow eye of all patients served as the control group. Relative thinning of RGCL, expressed as percentage, was calculated by comparing results from the affected eye to the fellow eye of the same patient.
Results Twenty-one patients (21 affected eyes – Group 1, 21 normal fellow eyes – Group 2) satisfying the inclusion criteria were retrieved from our database. All patients exhibited the relapsing-remitting form of MS. There were 16 women and 5 men. Mean age was 39.3 years old. There were no statistically significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2 for either VA (p = 0.3934) or Ishihara (p = 0.140), but a significant difference was found for VF MD (p = 0.0405). A markedly significant difference for RGCL thickness (p = 0.0001) was found, without any correlation with the degree of visual recovery. A subgroup of patients (n = 14) was examined at the time of initial visual loss. We correlated their results of visual function to the final RGCL thickness, and a correlation was found between either the initial VA loss or the initial VF loss and the final loss of RGCL (R2 = 0.4075 and R2 = 0.00739, respectively).
Conclusions In our study, all patients with ON lost a significant amount of RGCL despite a full recovery of vision, as defined by our criteria. The percentage of RGCL loss varied from 5 – 27% and could not be correlated with any final visual indices. However, a correlation was found with the degree of initial visual loss. Despite sometimes marked RGCL loss after ON, patients with MS can recover normal visual function, according to standard clinical tests.
Feasibility of transabdominal Doppler ultrasonography for
studying ovarian blood flow characteristics in cycling gilts
Authors: Stark Rosa , Herlt Catherine , Sigmarsson Haukur L. , Kauffold Johannes 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess ovarian blood flow
characteristics by applying transabdominal color Doppler ultrasonography during
the course of the estrous cycle in gilts.
Materials and methods Estrus and ovulation were synchronized in 15
pubertal gilts. During their consecutive spontaneous estrous cycle the gilts
were sonographically scanned daily and ovarian blood flow was determined by
imaging perfused areas of the ovarian hilus and the ovarian tissue. Recorded
video clips were then analyzed for the parameters perfused area (Amix), blood
flow velocity (vmix) as well as resistance (RIvmix) and pulsatility index
(PIvmix) using the software PixelFlux®.
Results All blood flow parameters showed an estrous cycle dependent
course, with Amix and vmix being highest in diestrus, followed by proestrus,
while RIvmix and PIvmix patterns were inversely proportional.
Conclusion and clinical relevance Transabdominal color Doppler
ultrasonography proved feasible to study ovarian perfusion characteristics in
pubertal gilts. The ovarian blood flow was dependent on the stage of estrous
cycle and highest in diestrus. The results of this study encourage the use of
color Doppler ultrasonography to also investigate reasons of ovary-caused
infertility including corpus luteum insufficiency or seasonal effects on ovary
function.
Schmerz- und Stressbestimmung bei der Injektion und
Kastration von Saugferkeln unter Lokalanästhesie mit Procain und
Lidocain
Authors: Hofmann Katharina , Rauh Anna , Harlizius Jürgen , Weiß Christine , Scholz Tobias , Schulze-Horsel Theodor , Escribano Damián , Ritzmann Mathias , Zöls Susanne 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Vergleich der Wirksamkeit der Lokalanästhesie (LA) mit Procain 2 %
und Lidocain 5 % bei skrotaler kombiniert mit inguinaler Applikation mit der
testikulären Applikation von Lidocain 1 % zur Beurteilung der schmerzbedingten
Stressreaktion auf Injektion und Kastration.
Material und Methoden In 2 Teilversuchen (TV) wurden 232 männliche
Saugferkel eingeschlossen und verschiedenen Gruppen zugeordnet. TV1 (n = 112):
Gruppe H: Fixation der Ferkel wie bei der Injektion, keine Applikation; Gruppe
L5: Applikation von Lidocain 5 % inguinal und skrotal; Gruppe P2: Applikation
von Procain 2 % inguinal und skrotal; Gruppe L1: intratestikuläre Injektion von
Lidocain 1 %. Eine Blutentnahme erfolgte jeweils 45 Minuten vor sowie 30 Minuten
nach der Injektion (p. i.). TV2 (n = 120): Gruppe H: nur Handling wie bei der
Injektion und Kastration; Gruppe K: Fixation wie bei der Injektion und
betäubungslose Kastration nach 30 Minuten; Gruppen L5, P2 und L1: Verfahren wie
in TV1 mit Kastration 30 Minuten nach Injektion. Jedem Ferkel wurde 75 Minuten
vor sowie 30, 60 und 240 Minuten nach der Kastration (p. c.) Blut entnommen.
Untersuchte Parameter waren Serumkonzentration von Kortisol und Chromogranin A
(CgA) sowie Wundheilung, Gewichtsentwicklung und Verluste bis zum Absetzen.
Ergebnisse TV1: In Gruppe P2 ergab sich p. i. ein signifikant höherer
Anstieg der Kortisol- und CgA-Konzentration als in den anderen Gruppen. Die
mittlere Kortisolkonzentration der Gruppe P2 war p. i. im Vergleich zu denen der
übrigen Gruppen signifikant höher. TV2: Alle Gruppen wiesen im Vergleich zu
Gruppe H 30 Minuten p. c. einen signifikanten Anstieg der Kortisolkonzentration
auf. In Gruppe P2 wurde die höchste Kortisolkonzentration 60 Minuten p. c.
gemessen und der Anstieg der Kortisolkonzentration fiel im Vergleich zu den
restlichen Gruppen signifikant höher aus. In Gruppe L1 zeigte sich 60 Minuten p.
c. ein signifikant höherer Anstieg der CgA-Konzentration als in den anderen
Gruppen. Wundheilung, Körpergewicht und Verluste ließen keine signifikanten
Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen erkennen.
Schlussfolgerung Die inguinale und skrotale Injektion von Procain 2 %
erzeugte eine höhere neuroendokrine Stressreaktion als die inguinale und
skrotale Applikation von Lidocain 5 % sowie die intratestikuläre Injektion von
Lidocain 1 %. Die LA mit Procain 2 % sowie Lidocain 1 % und 5 % führte zu keiner
vollständigen Schmerzausschaltung. Die Kastration unter LA mit Procain 2 %
verursachte eine höhere Schmerzreaktion als die betäubungslose Kastration. In
beiden Lidocaingruppen (L1, L5) traten nach Kastration tendenziell geringere
Schmerzreaktionen auf als in Gruppe K. Diese Ergebnisse bieten eine Grundlage
für weitere Untersuchungen und können Ansätze bieten, um Lokalanästhetika mit
höherer analgetischer Potenz längerer Wirksamkeit auf geeignete Weise zu
applizieren.
Therapeutische Möglichkeiten bei obstruktiver Urolithiasis
des kleinen Wiederkäuers
Authors: Sickinger Marlene 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose der obstruktiven Urolithiasis beim kleinen Wiederkäuer stellt
behandelnde Tierärzte mitunter vor eine Vielzahl an Entscheidungen. Bei der Wahl
der bestmöglichen Therapie müssen sowohl die Nutzungsrichtung, ökonomische
Aspekte, die Möglichkeiten in der einzelnen Praxis als auch emotionale Aspekte
der Besitzer von Hobbytieren in die Entscheidung zur Therapie (oder Euthanasie)
einbezogen werden. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die prinzipiell vorhandenen
Therapieoptionen aufzuzeigen, um eine Behandlungsentscheidung auf Grundlage der
aktuellen Forschung zu ermöglichen. Die für den Einzelfall gewählte Methode kann
dabei selbstverständlich von der wissenschaftlich betrachteten bestmöglichen
Auswahl abweichen.
Melanose von Fettgewebe bei einem 17 Monate alten Stier der
Rasse Deutsches Fleckvieh (Bos taurus)
Authors: Breuer Wolfram , Hafner-Marx Angela , Sticklat Rebecca 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungBei der fleischhygienischen Untersuchung eines 17 Monate alten Stiers (Deutsches
Fleckvieh) fiel eine ungleichmäßige Schwarzfärbung verschiedener Gewebe auf.
Besonders auffällig war das perirenale Fettgewebe. Die histopathologische
Untersuchung ermöglichte die Diagnose einer Melanose im Sinn einer kongenitalen
melanozytären Dystopie. Nach Kenntnis der Autoren ist die Melanose von
Fettgewebe beim Rind bislang nicht beschrieben worden. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen
Adipositas und Pigmentanomalie wird diskutiert.
Auswirkungen von Chlamydien auf
Rinderspermien
Authors: Schneider Florian 
Published: April 2019

Eckert T, Goericke-Pesch S, Heydel C et al. Interaction of different Chlamydiae
species with bovine spermatozoa. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19: 23
Bei der Frau spielt die Chlamydieninfektion im Rahmen von
Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen eine wichtige Rolle. Auch beim weiblichen Nutztier
werden Reproduktionsstörungen mit Chlamydieninfektionen in Zusammenhang
gebracht. Erkenntnisse über die Beeinflussung der Fortpflanzung durch diese
Erreger beim männlichen Tier gibt es kaum. Die Studie untersuchte daher die
Auswirkung einer Chlamydieninfektion auf Rindersperma in vitro.
PRRSV: Risikofaktoren und Herdenprävalenz in
Deutschland
Authors: Ganz Sebastian 
Published: April 2019

Nathues C, Janssen E, Duengelhoef A et al. Cross-sectional study on risk factors
for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus sow herd instability in
German breeding herds. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60 (1): 1–8
In mit PRRSV (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrom Virus) infizierten
Schweinebeständen zeigen die Tiere oftmals ernsthafte klinische Symptome.
Die Schwere der Symptomatik hängt von der Virulenz der jeweiligen
Virusstämme ab. Deshalb ist die Impfung gegen diesen Erreger sinnvoll und
wird empfohlen, auch wenn sie nicht immer klinische Fälle verhindert bzw.
das Virus vollends eliminiert. Aufgrund dessen rückt die Prävention durch
Verbesserung der innerbetrieblichen Abläufe zunehmend in den Fokus. Um
solche Maßnahmen erfolgreich etablieren zu können, ist es wichtig, den
epidemiologischen Status der Herde und mögliche Risikofaktoren zu kennen.
Ziel der Studie war deshalb, die Prävalenz der Infektion in Sauenbetrieben
in Norddeutschland zu eruieren und verschiedene Arbeitsabläufe hinsichtlich
des Risikos der Erregerverbreitung zu untersuchen.
Optimization of Whole-Body CT Examinations of Polytrauma Patients in Comparison with the Current Diagnostic Reference Levels
Authors: Schäfer Stefan B. , Rudolph Claudia , Kolodziej Martin , Mauermann Frank , Roller Fritz Christian , Krombach Gabriele Anja 
Published: April 2019

Purpose Evaluation of the dose values of a polytrauma whole-body CT examination used in clinical practice with regard to the 2016 updated diagnostic reference levels and reduction of the mean exposure levels using simple optimization steps.
Materials and Methods In each case, 100 exposure values before and after dose optimization were compared with the old and new diagnostic reference levels. The grayscale values and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were determined for the lung, the aortic arch and the liver. A visual assessment of the image quality was performed by two radiologists on the basis of a Likert scale (0 – non-diagnostic, 1 – poor visualization, 2 – moderate visualization, 3 – good visualization, 4 – excellent visualization) for CT examinations both before and after optimization.
Results The acquired exposure values after dose optimization were below the old and new diagnostic reference levels (1319.98 ± 463.16 mGy · cm) while the mean value of the exposure values before optimization (1774.96 ± 608.78 mGy · cm) exceeded the current diagnostic reference levels. The measured grayscale values (HU) were (before versus after optimization): lung – 833 HU vs. – 827 HU (p = 0.43), aortic arch 341 HU vs. 343 HU (p = 0.70) and liver 68 HU vs. 67 HU (p = 0.35). After dose optimization the SNR in the lung was minimally higher, while it was minimally lower in the two other regions than before the optimization. Visual assessment of the image quality showed almost identical values with 3.85 evaluation points before and 3.82 evaluation points after dose optimization (p = 0.57).
Conclusion Due to the updating of the diagnostic reference levels, an analysis of the own exposure values is necessary in order to be able to detect high values promptly and to initiate appropriate measures for dose reduction. Appropriate adaptation of the examination parameters with consideration of the necessary image quality allows a significant reduction of the radiation exposure in most cases, also on CT devices of older generations.
Key Points:

Citation Format
Oligodendroglioma with Sarcomatous Transformation: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Figueiredo Gonçalo Cerdeira , Pinheiro Célia Maria , Calheiros Alfredo Luís 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOligodendrogliomas are infiltrative tumors of the central nervous system considered to be morphologically stable and to offer a better prognosis. Here, we describe the case of a 36-year-old man with an initial diagnosis of oligodendroglioma, World Health Organization (WHO) grade II, who presented transformation to a sarcomatous form, while maintaining the oligodendroglial component as well as the genetic characteristics of the initial tumor without having undergone any complementary treatments previously. Despite the favorable genetic characteristics, the tumor presented poor response to complementary treatments, and rapid progression, including spinal metastasis.
The Lowering of Bilirubin Levels in Full-Term Newborns by the Effect of Combined Massage Therapy and Phototherapy Practice
Authors: Ahmadipour Shokoufeh , Mardani Mahnaz , Mohsenzadeh Azam , Baharvand Parastoo , Nazeri Mohammad Ghaed 
Published: April 2019

Objective Various therapeutic treatments have been prescribed for decreasing the bilirubin level. Massage therapy is one of the neonate treatments for jaundice. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of combined massage therapy and phototherapy on neonatal jaundice.
Study Design This study was performed at Shahid Madani Hospital in the city of Khorramabad in 2016, where 83 healthy full-term infants were enrolled. They were selected through convenience sampling and then were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The control group (n = 43) received phototherapy, whereas infants in the intervention group (n = 40) received 4 days of massage and phototherapy. The serum bilirubin level, frequency of stooling and amount of urination, duration of hospitalization, and feeding frequency were analyzed using SPSS by descriptive and analytical statistics (mixed regression models).
Results Baseline levels of bilirubin were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). The bilirubin level was measured as 13.4 ± 0.7 mg/dL in the intervention group on day 1. It stood at 14.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL in the control group, which was not statistically significantly different. However, the mean bilirubin level was decreased on day 4 of hospitalization to 7.4 ± 0.56 mg/dL and 9.0 ± 2.3 mg/dL, showing a significant difference decrease in the intervention and control group (p < 0.05), respectively.
Conclusion Intervention had a significant role in decreasing the bilirubin level, amount of urination, and duration of hospitalization of full-term infants suffering from hyperbilirubinemia.
Phase-conjugate mirror for water waves driven by the Faraday instability
Authors: Bacot Vincent , Durey Guillaume , Eddi Antonin , Fink Mathias , Fort Emmanuel 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceNonlinear and parametric processes are central in mastering wave propagation. They are at the core of numerous applications in optics and acoustics. In the case of water waves, the Faraday instability is the archetype of a parametric excitation. A periodic vertical excitation results in the destabilization of a liquid interface. However, it has always been interpreted as an instability, completely overshadowing its potential to control water-wave propagation. In this paper, we unveil the ability of this temporal modulation to act as a phase-conjugate mirror. We show that waves refocus to any initial emitting source position, whatever the shape of the mirror. This paper thus revisits this historical instability and opens up exciting perspectives in water-wave manipulation.
Cutaneous perfusion of the human lactating breast: a pilot study with laser Doppler perfusion monitoring
Authors: van der Hoek Miriam , den Haan Lya , Kaspers Ageeth , Steenbergen Wiendelt , Bosschaart Nienke 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective: Knowledge on the hemodynamics of the human lactating breast contributes to our understanding of lactation physiology, as well as the development and management of breastfeeding problems. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate whether laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM) can be employed to measure physiological changes in mammary cutaneous perfusion during milk extraction. Approach: We evaluated mammary cutaneous perfusion with LDPM in nine lactating women during milk extraction in both the ipsilateral (‘milk extracting’) and contralateral (‘passive’) breast. Fourier domain filtering of the LDPM signal was applied to correct for the influence of the periodic tissue movement caused by the breast pump. Main results: Cutaneous perfusion increased temporary during 23.7  ±  18.9 s by 18%–74% for all women who sensed their milk ejection reflex (n  =  6) in both the ipsilateral and contralateral breast. For those women who did not sense a milk ejection reflex (n  =  3), the changes in cutaneous perfusion were less outspoken (maximally 26%). Significance: This pilot study provides new insights into mammary hemodynamics and demonstrates that LDPM is a promising method for the further investigation of physiological changes in mammary cutaneous perfusion during milk ejection. Objective feedback on the occurrence and progression of milk ejection can support lactation research in general, maternal breastfeeding confidence, and may be an early indicator for the development of breastfeeding problems.
Magnetism and magneto-optical effects in bulk and few-layer CrI3: a theoretical GGA + U study
Authors: Kumar Gudelli Vijay , Guo Guang-Yu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The latest discovery of ferromagnetism in atomically thin films of semiconductors Cr2Ge2Te6 and CrI3 has unleashed numerous opportunities for fundamental physics of magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) limit and also for technological applications based on 2D magnetic materials. To exploit these 2D magnetic materials, however, the mechanisms that control their physical properties should be thoroughly understood. In this paper, we present a comprehensive theoretical study of the magnetic, electronic, optical and magneto-optical (MO) properties of multilayers (monolayer (ML), bilayer (BL) and trilayer) as well as bulk CrI3, based on the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation plus on-site Coulomb repulsion scheme. Interestingly, all the structures except the BL, are found to be single-spin ferromagnetic semiconductors. They all have a large out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of ∼0.5 meV/Cr, in contrast to the significantly thickness-dependent MAE in multilayers of Cr2Ge2Te6. These large MAEs suppress transverse spin fluctuations and thus stabilize long-range magnetic orders at finite temperatures down to the ML limit. They also exhibit strong MO effects with their Kerr and Faraday rotation angles being comparable to that of best-known bulk MO materials. The shape and position of the main features in the optical and MO spectra are found to be nearly thickness-independent although the magnitude of Kerr rotation angles increases monotonically with the film thickness. Magnetic transition temperatures estimated based on calculated exchange coupling parameters, calculated optical conductivity spectra, MO Kerr and Faraday rotation angles agree quite well with available experimental data. The calculated MAE as well as optical and MO properties are analyzed in terms of the calculated orbital-decomposed densities of states, band state symmetries and dipole selection rules. Our findings of large out-of-plane MAEs and strong MO effects in these single-spin ferromagnetic semiconducting CrI3 ultrathin films suggest that they will find valuable applications in semiconductor MO and spintronic nanodevices.