bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Smoking Status and Psychological Distress, Optimism, and Health Environment Perceptions at Time of Diagnosis of Actual or Suspected Lung Cancer
Authors: Choi Seung Hee , Chan Roxane R. , Lehto Rebecca H. 
Published: March 2018

Background
While much research and practice resources have addressed smoking cessation among cancer patients, less emphasis has been placed on personal psychological and environment factors associated with smoking at the time of diagnosis.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine differences in psychological distress, optimism, and perceptions of the health environment/illness experience based on smoking status in patients with current, former, and no smoking history with newly diagnosed suspected or actual lung cancer.

Methods
Data were derived from a descriptive study of 52 patients (34 men and 18 women aged 37-83 years) undergoing diagnostic evaluation for actual or suspected lung cancer. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize data. Analysis of variance, χ
2, and Spearman correlation tests were used to determine relationships among main study variables (smoking status, anxiety, worry, perceived cognitive functioning, optimistic outlook, health environment/illness experience perceptions).

Results
Current smoking status was associated with higher psychological distress (anxiety and worry) among patients facing a new suspected or actual cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions
The study was able to provide important information relative to smoking status and psychological distress at the time of diagnosis of suspected or actual lung cancer. Findings demonstrate needs for assessment and targeted interventions to reduce psychological distress and to promote long-term adaptation in patients smoking at time of diagnosis.

Implications for Practice
Nurses are positioned to provide support and resources for cancer patients. It is critical that smoking cessation interventions also address nicotine craving, emotion regulation, and adaptive coping skills.
Nursing Diagnoses, Interventions, and Activities as Described by a Nursing Minimum Data Set
Authors: Sanson Gianfranco , Alvaro Rosaria , Cocchieri Antonello , Vellone Ercole , Welton John , Maurici Massimo , Zega Maurizio , D’Agostino Fabio 
Published: March 2018

Background
Oncological diseases affect the biopsychosocial aspects of a person’s health, resulting in the need for complex multidisciplinary care. The quality and outcomes of healthcare cannot be adequately assessed without considering the contribution of nursing care, whose essential elements such as the nursing diagnoses (NDs), nursing interventions (NIs), and nursing activities (NAs) can be recorded in the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS). There has been little research using the NMDS in oncology setting.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and distribution of NDs, NIs, and NAs and their relationship across patient age and medical diagnoses.

Methods
This was a prospective observational study. Data were collected between July and December 2014 through an NMDS and the hospital discharge register in an Italian hospital oncology unit.

Results
On average, for each of 435 enrolled patients, 5.7 NDs were identified on admission; the most frequent ND was risk for infection. During the hospital stay, 16.2 NIs per patient were planned, from which 25.2 NAs per day per patient were delivered. Only a third of NAs were based on a medical order, being the highest percentage delivered on nursing prescriptions. The number of NDs, NIs, and NAs was not related to patient age, but differed significantly among medical diagnoses.

Conclusions
An NMDS can depict patient needs and nursing care delivered in oncology patients. Such data can effectively describe nursing contribution to patient care.

Implications for Practice
The use of an NMDS raises the visibility of nursing care in the clinical records. Such data enable comparison and benchmarking with other healthcare professions and international data.
Going Off Grid: Modeling an Automated Record Search to Process Electronically Reported Reactive Nontreponemal Syphilis Tests
Authors: Matthias James , Keller Gayle , Cha Susan , Wilson Craig , Peterman Thomas A. 
Published: March 2018

Background
Before searching prior records, sexually transmitted disease programs use syphilis reactor grids to exclude some reactive nontreponemal test results (RNTs) based on patient age, gender, and test titer. We propose a new algorithm that starts with comparing RNTs to previous syphilis nontreponemal tests and current treponemal test results.

Methods
Deduplicated RNTs from Florida's surveillance system (2006–2015) were extracted and stratified on morbidity. An algorithm was developed to triage RNTs. Sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm and the current reactor grid were estimated using reported syphilis cases. A random sample of cases missed by the proposed algorithm, stratified by stage of disease, was reviewed to verify case classification.

Results
Reported RNTs increased 58% from 2006 (n = 34,808) to 2015 (n = 55,001) (total = 372,902). The current reactor grid removed 91,518 (24.5%) RNTs and missed 1149 potential cases. Strictly following the reactor grid would result in a sensitivity of 97.4% and a specificity of 27.5%. The proposed algorithm would remove 242,078 (64.9%) RNTs and miss 2768 potential cases. This results in a slightly lower sensitivity of 93.8%, but nearly triples the specificity, 72.9%. A review of a random sample of the 2768 cases estimated that 72.7% would not have met the syphilis surveillance case definition, resulting in an adjusted sensitivity of 98.4%.

Conclusions
In Florida, an algorithm that starts by searching previous syphilis test results vastly improved specificity and slightly improved sensitivity compared with the current reactor grid. Implementing an automated algorithm could increase case ascertainment efficiency and further prioritize likely cases for investigation.
18F-FDG PET/CT for Monitoring Response of Merkel Cell Carcinoma to the Novel Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Inhibitor Avelumab
Authors: Eshghi Naghmehossadat , Lundeen Tamara F. , MacKinnon Lea , Avery Ryan , Kuo Phillip H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
An 85-year-old man with stage IIIA Merkel cell carcinoma of the left arm was initially treated with local excision and axillary node dissection followed by radiation therapy. Eight months after surgery, whole-body FDG PET/CT demonstrated intensely hypermetabolic hepatic metastases and abdominal lymphadenopathy. Given his age and comorbidities, he was considered a poor candidate for chemotherapy, and therefore the novel programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitor avelumab was initiated. FDG PET/CT after 4 cycles showed complete resolution of hepatic and nodal metastases. Whole-body FDG PET/CT can be used for monitoring response of multisystem metastases from Merkel cell carcinoma to active immunotherapy.
Excess sodium is deleterious on endothelial and glycocalyx barrier function: A microfluidic study
Authors: Martin Jonathan V. , Liberati David M. , Diebel Lawrence N. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND
Hypernatremia is a common problem affecting critically ill patients, whether due to underlying pathology or the subsequent result of hypertonic fluid resuscitation. Numerous studies have been published, suggesting that hypernatremia may adversely affect the vascular endothelial glycocalyx. Our study aimed to evaluate if high sodium concentration would impair the endothelial and glycocalyx barrier function and if stress conditions that simulate the shock microenvironment would exacerbate any observed adverse effects of hypernatremia.

METHODS
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured in microfluidic channels subjected to flow conditions overnight to stimulate glycocalyx growth. Cells were then subjected to sodium (Na+) concentrations of either 150 mEq/L or 160 mEq/L, with Hepes solution applied to media to maintain physiologic pH. Subsets of HUVEC were also exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation and epinephrine (HR + Epi) to simulate shock insult, then followed by Na+ treatment. Perfusate was then collected 60 minutes and 120 minutes following treatments. Relevant biomarkers were then evaluated and HUVEC underwent fluorescent staining followed by microscopy.

RESULTS
Glycocalyx degradation as indexed by hyaluronic acid and syndecan-1 was elevated in all subgroups, particularly those subjected to HR + Epi with Na+ 160 mEq/L. Thickness of the glycocalyx as evaluated by fluorescent microscopy was reduced to half of baseline with Na+ 160 mEq/L and to one third of baseline with additional insult of HR + Epi. Endothelial activation/injury as indexed by soluble thrombomodulin was elevated in all subgroups. A profibrinolytic coagulopathy phenotype was demonstrated in all subgroups with increased tissue plasminogen activator levels and decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels.

CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that hypernatremia results in degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx with further exacerbation by shock conditions. A clinical study using clinical measurements of the endothelial glycocalyx in critically ill or injured patients with acquired hypernatremia would be warranted.
Intravenous administration of synthetic platelets (SynthoPlate) in a mouse liver injury model of uncontrolled hemorrhage improves hemostasis
Authors: Dyer Mitchell R. , Hickman DaShawn , Luc Norman , Haldeman Shannon , Loughran Patricia , Pawlowski Christa , Sen Gupta Anirban , Neal Matthew D. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND
Clinical resuscitative treatment of traumatic hemorrhage involves transfusion of RBC, platelets and plasma in controlled ratios. However, use of such blood components, especially platelets, present many challenges including availability, portability, contamination risks, and short shelf-life, which limit the use of platelet transfusions outside of large trauma centers such as remote civilian hospitals and austere prehospital settings. This has prompted significant research in platelet substitutes that may resolve the above issues while providing platelet-mimetic hemostatic action. In this framework, we have developed a synthetic platelet surrogate, SynthoPlate, by integrative decoration of platelet function mimetic peptides on a biocompatible lipid nanovesicle platform. We have previously demonstrated hemostatic capability of SynthoPlate in correcting tail-bleeding time in thrombocytopenic mice. Building on this, we hypothesized that SynthoPlate transfusion would decrease bleeding in a murine model of acute hemorrhagic shock.

METHODS
A validated model of uncontrolled intraperitoneal hemorrhage, via liver laceration was used to induce hemorrhagic shock in mice. SynthoPlate, control (unmodified) particles, and normal saline were administered as pretreatment and recue infusions to mice undergoing liver laceration and evaluated for hemostatic benefit by determining differences in blood loss and monitoring real-time hemodynamic data.

RESULTS
Pretreatment SynthoPlate transfusion resulted in significant reduction of blood loss following hemorrhage, compared with control particles or normal saline treatment (0.86 ± 0.16 g control particles [CP] vs. 0.84 ± 0.13 g normal saline [NS] vs. 0.68 ± 0.09 g SynthoPlate, p < 0.005). SynthoPlate transfused mice demonstrated improved hemodynamics taking significantly longer to develop post-injury hypotension (168.3 ± 106.6 seconds CP vs. 137 ± 58 seconds NS vs. 546.7 ± 329.8 seconds SynthoPlate, p < 0.05). SynthoPlate infusion following liver laceration, that is, rescue transfusion, also resulted in a significant decrease in blood loss (0.89 ± 0.17 g CP vs. 0.92 ± 0.19 g NS vs. 0.69 ± 0.18 g SynthoPlate, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Transfusion of SynthoPlate particles reduces blood loss in a murine model of liver injury, and SynthoPlates may represent a viable transfusion product for the mitigation of blood loss in acute, severe hemorrhagic shock.
Heel impact forces during barefoot versus minimally shod walking among Tarahumara subsistence farmers and urban Americans
Authors: Wallace Ian J. , Koch Elizabeth , Holowka Nicholas B. , Lieberman Daniel E. 
Published: March 2018

Despite substantial recent interest in walking barefoot and in minimal footwear, little is known about potential differences in walking biomechanics when unshod versus minimally shod. To test the hypothesis that heel impact forces are similar during barefoot and minimally shod walking, we analysed ground reaction forces recorded in both conditions with a pedography platform among indigenous subsistence farmers, the Tarahumara of Mexico, who habitually wear minimal sandals, as well as among urban Americans wearing commercially available minimal sandals. Among both the Tarahumara (
n
= 35) and Americans (
n
= 30), impact peaks generated in sandals had significantly (
p
< 0.05) higher force magnitudes, slower loading rates and larger vertical impulses than during barefoot walking. These kinetic differences were partly due to individuals' significantly greater effective mass when walking in sandals. Our results indicate that, in general, people tread more lightly when walking barefoot than in minimal footwear. Further research is needed to test if the variations in impact peaks generated by walking barefoot or in minimal shoes have consequences for musculoskeletal health.
Different alleles of the same gene vary in pleiotropy, often mediated through currency metabolite production
Authors: Alzoubi Deya , Desouki Abdelmoneim Amer , Lercher Martin J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA major obstacle to the mapping of genotype-phenotype relationships is pleiotropy, the tendency of mutations to affect seemingly unrelated traits. Pleiotropy has major implications for evolution, development, ageing, and disease. Except for disease data, pleiotropy is almost exclusively estimated from full gene knockouts. However, most deleterious alleles segregating in natural populations do not fully abolish gene function, and the degree to which a polymorphism reduces protein function may influence the number of traits it affects. Utilizing genome-scale metabolic models forEscherichia coliand the baker’s yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that most fitness-reducing full gene knockouts of metabolic genes have pleiotropic effects,i.e., they compromise the production of multiple biomass components. Alleles of the same gene with increasingly reduced enzyme function typically affect an increasing number of biomass components. This increasing pleiotropy is often mediated through effects on the generation of currency metabolites such as ATP or NADPH. We conclude that the physiological effects observed in full gene knockouts will in most cases not be representative for alleles with only partially reduced enzyme capacity or expression level.
MiR-505-3p, a New Repressor of Puberty Onset in Female Mice
Authors: Tong Li , Wang Maochun , Zhou Yuxun , Li Yu , Chen Li , Xu Fuyi , Li Kai , Xiao Junhua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPuberty onset is a complex trait regulated by multiple genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we narrowed a puberty-related QTL on chromosome X in female mice to a 1.7 Mb region and deduced that miR-505-3p was the functional gene.In a GT1-7 cell line with stable overexpression of miR-505-3p (pGT1-7), both ribosomes and ribosome biogenesis pathways were affected, and the expression of some puberty-related genes was down-regulated. The amount of mRNA and protein products of theSrsf1gene decreased by 50 percent, and the expression of puberty-related genes was rescued by the overexpression ofSrsf1. With the down regulation ofSrsf1expression through shRNA, the mRNA accumulation of puberty-related genes decreased simultaneously in the GT1-7 cell line. The results of RIP-seq showed that SF2, the protein of theSrsf1gene, primarily bound ribosome protein (RP) mRNAs in GT1-7 cells.miR-505-3p knockout female mice showed earlier vaginal opening, higher serum gonadotrophin levels and higher expression of puberty-related andSrsf1genes in the hypothalamus than their wild-type littermates. B6 female mice with ectopic expression of miR-505-3p in the hypothalamus showed significant growth retardance and later VO than wild types.These results suggest that miR-505-3p may regulate puberty onset via theSrsf1gene and RP expression, which reveals a new regulatory pathway in mammalian puberty onset involving microRNA, SF2 and ribosome proteins.Author summaryIn this study, we identified miR-505-3p in a puberty-related QTL on the X chromosome as a female puberty onset repressor using a positional cloning strategy.GT1-7 cell lines stably overexpressing miR-505-3p (pGT1-7) showedKiss1andGnRHdown-regulation. We also identifiedSrsf1as the functional target gene of miR-505-3p in GT1-7 cells. Compared to wild-type mice, miR-505-3p knockout female mice showed puberty onset four days sooner, along with the overexpression of miR-505-3p in the hypothalamus 2 days later. Thus, miR-505-3p is a new repressor of puberty onset in female mice.
Automated sequential chromogenic IHC double staining with two HRP substrates
Authors: Petersen Kenneth H , Lohse Jesper , Ramsgaard Lasse 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAutomated IHC double staining using DAB and HRP Magenta is illustrated utilizing a new acid block with sulfuric acid to prevent cross-reactivity. Residual cross-reactivity in double staining is determined to arise from chromogenic-bound antibodies and amplification system during the first part of the double staining.
PKD2 influence uric acid levels and gout risk by interacting with ABCG2
Authors: Dong Zheng , Zhou Jingru , Jiang Shuai , Li Yuan , Zhao Dongbao , Yang Chengde , Ma Yanyun , He Hongjun , Ji Hengdong , Jin Li , Zou Hejian , Wang Jiucun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundUric acid is the final product of purine metabolism and elevated serum urate levels can cause gout. Conflicting results were reported for the effect of PKD2 on serum urate levels and gout risk. Therefore, our study attempted to state the important role of PKD2 in influencing the pathogenesis of gout.MethodSNPs in PKD2 (rs2725215 and rs2728121) and ABCG2 (rs2231137 and rs1481012) were tested in approximately 5,000 Chinese individuals.ResultsTwo epistatic interactions between loci in PKD2 (rs2728121) and ABCG2 (rs1481012 and rs2231137) showed distinct contributions to uric acid levels with Pint values of 0.018 and 0.004, respectively, and the associations varies by gender and BMI. The SNP pair of rs2728121 and rs1481012 justly played roles in uric acid in females (Pint = 0.006), while the other pair did in males (Pint = 0.017). Regarding BMI, the former SNP pair merely contributed in overweigh subjects (Pint = 0.022) and the latter one did in both normal and overweigh individuals (Pint = 0.013 and 0.047, respectively). Furthermore, the latter SNP pair was also associated with gout pathology (Pint = 0.001), especially in males (Pint = 0.001). Finally, functional analysis showed potential epistatic interactions in those genes region and PKD2 mRNA expression had a positive correlation with ABCG2’s (r = 0.743, P = 5.83e-06).ConclusionOur study for the first time identified that epistatic interactions between PKD2 and ABCG2 influenced serum urate concentrations and gout risk, and PKD2 might affect the pathogenesis from elevated serum urate to hyperuricemia to gout by modifying ABCG2.
Electron cryo-microscopy structure of the canonical TRPC4 ion channel
Authors: Vinayagam Deivanayagabarathy , Mager Thomas , Apelbaum Amir , Bothe Arne , Merino Felipe , Hofnagel Oliver , Gatsogiannis Christos , Raunser Stefan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTCanonical transient receptor channels (TRPC) are non-selective cation channels. They are involved in receptor-operated Ca2+signaling and have been proposed to act as store-operated channels (SOC). Their malfunction is related to cardiomyopathies and their modulation by small molecules has been shown to be effective against renal cancer cells. The molecular mechanism underlying the complex activation and regulation is poorly understood. Here, we report the electron cryo-microscopy structure of zebrafish TRPC4 in its unliganded (apo), closed state at an overall resolution of 3.6 Å. The structure reveals the molecular architecture of the cation conducting pore, including the selectivity filter and lower gate. The cytoplasmic domain contains two key hubs that have been shown to interact with modulating proteins. Structural comparisons with other TRP channels give novel insights into the general architecture and domain organization of this superfamily of channels and help to understand their function and pharmacology.
Evolution of the mutational process under relaxed selection inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Saxena Ayush Shekhar , Salomon Matthew P. , Matsuba Chikako , Yeh Shu-Dan , Baer Charles F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe mutational process varies at many levels, from within genomes to among taxa. Many mechanisms have been linked to variation in mutation, but understanding of the evolution of the mutational process is rudimentary. Physiological condition is often implicated as a source of variation in microbial mutation rate and may contribute to mutation rate variation in multicellular organisms.Deleterious mutations are a ubiquitous source of variation in condition. We test the hypothesis that the mutational process depends on the underlying mutation load in two groups ofCaenorhabditis elegansmutation accumulation (MA) lines that differ in their starting mutation loads. “First-Order MA” (O1MA) lines maintained under minimal selection for ∼250 generations were divided into high-fitness and low-fitness groups and sets of “second-order MA” (O2MA) lines derived from each O1MA line were maintained for ∼150 additional generations. Genomes of 48 O2MA lines and their progenitors were sequenced. There is significant variation among O2MA lines in base-substitution rate (µbs), but no effect of initial fitness, whereas the indel rate is greater in high-fitness O2MA lines. Overall,µbsis positively correlated with recombination and proximity to short tandem repeats and negatively correlated with 10 bp and 1 Kb GC content. However, probability of mutation is well-predicted by the three-nucleotide motif. ∼90% of the variance in standing nucleotide variation is explained by mutability. Total mutation rate increased in the O2MA lines, as predicted by the “drift barrier” model of mutation rate evolution. These data, combined with experimental estimates of fitness, suggest that epistasis is synergistic.
Bicoid gradient formation mechanism and dynamics revealed by protein lifetime analysis
Authors: Durrieu Lucia , Kirrmaier Daniel , Schneidt Tatjana , Kats Ilia , Raghavan Sarada , Knop Michael , Saunders Timothy E , Hufnagel Lars 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEmbryogenesis relies on instructions provided by spatially organized signaling molecules known as morphogens. Understanding the principles behind morphogen distribution and how cells interpret locally this information remains a major challenge in developmental biology. Here we introduce morphogen-age measurements as a novel approach to retrieve key parameters in morphogen dynamics. Using a tandem fluorescent timer (tFT) as a protein-age sensor we find a gradient of increasing age of Bicoid (Bcd) along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis in the early Drosophila embryo. Quantitative analysis retrieves parameter that are most consistent with the synthesis-diffusion-degradation (SDD) model underlying Bcd-gradient formation, and rule out some other hypotheses for gradient formation. Moreover, we show that the timer can detect transitions in the dynamics associated with syncytial cellularization. Our results provide new insight into Bcd gradient formation, and demonstrate how morphogen age-information can complement knowledge about movement, abundance and distribution, which should be widely applicable for other systems.