bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaked GeV CRs from a Broken Shell: Explaining 9 Years of Fermi-LAT Data of SNR W28
Authors: Cui Yudong , Yeung Paul K. H. , Tam P. H. Thomas , Pühlhofer Gerd 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Supernova remnant (SNR)W28 is well known for its classic hadronic scenario, in which the TeV cosmic rays (CRs) released at the early stage of this intermediate-age SNR illuminate nearby molecular clouds (MCs). Overwhelming evidence has shown that the northeastern part of the SNR (W28-North) has already encountered the MC clumps. Through this broken shell W28-North, CRs with an energy down to <1 GeV may be able to be injected into nearby MCs. To further verify this hadronic scenario, we first analyze nine years of Fermi-LAT data in/around W28 with energies down to 0.3 GeV. Our Fermi-LAT analysis displays a 10–200 GeV skymap that spatially matches the known TeV sources HESS J1801–233 (W28-North) and HESS J1800–240 A, B, and C (240 A B and C) well. At low energy bands, we have discovered a 0.5–1 GeV blob located to the south of 240 B and C, and a low flux of 0.3–1 GeV at 240 A. A hadronic model is build to explain our analysis results and previous multiwavelength observations of W28. Our model consists of three CR sources: the run-away CRs escaped from a strong shock, the leaked GeV CRs from the broken shell W28-North, and the local CR sea. Through modeling the SNR evolution and the CR acceleration and release, we explain the GeV–TeV emission in/around SNR W28 (except for 240 A) in one model. The damping of the magnetic waves by the neutrals and the decreased acceleration efficiency are both taken into account in our model due to the intermediate age of SNR W28.
Exploring Kepler Giant Planets in the Habitable Zone
Authors: Hill Michelle L. , Kane Stephen R. , Duarte Eduardo Seperuelo , Kopparapu Ravi K. , Gelino Dawn M. , Wittenmyer Robert A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Kepler mission found hundreds of planet candidates within the Habitable Zones (HZ) of their host star, including over 70 candidates with radii larger than three Earth radii (R
⊕) within the optimistic HZ (OHZ). These giant planets are potential hosts to large terrestrial satellites (or exomoons) which would also exist in the HZ. We calculate the occurrence rates of giant planets (R
p = 3.0–25 R
⊕) in the OHZ, and find a frequency of (6.5 ± 1.9)% for G stars, (11.5 ± 3.1)% for K stars, and (6 ± 6)% for M stars. We compare this with previously estimated occurrence rates of terrestrial planets in the HZ of G, K, and M stars and find that if each giant planet has one large terrestrial moon then these moons are less likely to exist in the HZ than terrestrial planets. However, if each giant planet holds more than one moon, then the occurrence rates of moons in the HZ would be comparable to that of terrestrial planets, and could potentially exceed them. We estimate the mass of each planet candidate using the mass–radius relationship developed by Chen & Kipping. We calculate the Hill radius of each planet to determine the area of influence of the planet in which any attached moon may reside, then calculate the estimated angular separation of the moon and planet for future imaging missions. Finally, we estimate the radial velocity semi-amplitudes of each planet for use in follow-up observations.
Inter-Institutional Collections Storehouse
Authors: Willemse Luc , Caspers Max 
Published: June 2018

A never ending and universal challenge in the management of biodiversity collections is to find a balance between on the one hand creating optimal conditions for conservation and maximizing accessibility and on the other, achieving this with limited resources, i.e. funding, time and space. If for instance available resources do not allow storage under the conditions required for optimal preservation and accessibility, what compromises and solutions can be made or found? Finding solutions and making compromises is far from easy, differs in each situation and per collection and is by and large carried out independently and single-handedly by each facility.
In this presentation elements that are decisive in collection development are reviewed, starting from strategic choices regarding acquisition up to deaccession. Some examples of compromises and solutions are provided regarding collection acquisition, deselection and efficient storage. A typical phenomenon in natural history collections is asymmetrical space requirements per species: common species take up (a lot) more space in collections than rare species. As a potential solution, this presentation explores the idea of establishing a national or transnational centralized storage facility for 'common species' in combination with digitization and discusses its advantages and disadvantages.
Advancing Collections Management with the Netherlands Biodiversity Data Services
Authors: Caspers Max , Schermer Maarten 
Published: June 2018

By the summer of 2015 Naturalis Biodiversity Center had come to the end of a five-year digitization programme that aimed at digitally disclosing the entire collection of, at the time, 38 million objects. The result was a vast amount of collections data being made available to researchers, collection managers and the public. In order to utilize these data to their full extent, Naturalis has in the past few years been developing the Netherlands Biodiversity Data Services (NBDS). These services “speak” not only to our digitized collection, but to other sources of information as well and lets us query and use these data in a centralized manner.
While the NBDS open up a lot of possibilities for i.e. communication, exhibition, education, policy making, etc., a very important field for its application is collection management. Instead of managing (at this point) 41 million individual objects, the NBDS could provide insight into custom aggregations of data to further professionalize decision making. Not only detailed information about taxonomy, gathering events and collection history can be provided, one can also think about quantifying use, conservation status, change in collection-size over time, etc. Some examples of application for collections management will be given during the presentation and illustrated with a collections dashboard.
Even though we have made great progress in digitization, certain parts of our collection are not digitized to specimen-level and to various degrees of completeness, parts of the physical collection are not identified to species level, not all data are consistent or properly validated, etc. But instead of this limiting the applicability of the NBDS, the data service can be used as a tool to pinpoint these areas for improvement and to allow collection management to properly address and prioritize them. This presentation ultimately deals with the potential the NBDSNBA has for managing collections, both physical as digital, and enhancing their quality and value.
Shining a New Light on Elmer Ottis Wooton’s Legacy Herbarium and Historical Archive: an Exercise to Increase Student Participation while Promoting Public Engagement
Authors: Fuentes-Soriano Sara , Prihodko Lara , Manford Mitchell , Rogers Zachary 
Published: June 2018

Elmer Ottis Wooton (1865–1945) was one of the most important early botanists to work in the Southwestern United States, contributing a great deal of natural history knowledge and botanical research on the flora of New Mexico that shaped many naturalists and scientists for generations. The extensive Wooton legacy includes herbarium collections that he and his famous student Paul Carpenter Standley (1884–1963), prolific botanist and explorer, used for the first Flora of New Mexico by Wooten and Standley 1915 , along with resources covering botany and range management strategies for the northern Chihuahuan Desert, and an extensive, yet to be digitized, historical archive of correspondence, field notes, vegetation sketches, photographs, and lantern slides, all from his travels and field work in the region. Starting in 1890, the most complete set of Wooton’s herbarium collections were deposited in the NMC herbarium at New Mexico State University (NMSU), and his archives, now stored in a Campus library, have together been underutilized, offline resources.
The goals of this ongoing project are to secure, preserve, and promote Wooton’s important historical resources, by fleshing out the botanical history of the region, raising appreciation of herbarium collections within the community, and emphasizing their unique role in facilitating contemporary research aimed at addressing pressing scientific questions such as vegetation responses to global climate change. Students and the general public involved in this project are engaged through hands-on activities including cataloging, databasing and digitization of nearly 10,000 herbarium specimens and Wooton’s archives. These outputs, combined with contemporary data collection and computational biology techniques from an ecological perspective, are being used to document vegetation changes in iconic, climate-sensitive, high-elevation mountainous ecosystems present in southwestern New Mexico. In a later phase of the project, a variety of public audiences will participate through interactive online story maps and citizen science programs such as iNaturalist, Notes from Nature, and BioBlitz. Images of herbarium specimens will be shared via an online database and other relevant biodiversity portals (Symbiota, iDigBio, JStor)
Community members reached through this project will be better-informed citizens, who may go on to become new stewards of natural history collections, with the potential to influence policies safeguarding the future of our planet’s biodiversity. More locally, the project will support the management of Organ Mountains Desert Peaks National Monument, which was established in 2014 to protect the area's human and environmental resources, and for which knowledge and data are currently limited.
Authenticity in an Uncertain World: Ensuring Accuracy in both the Explicit and Implicit Messages of Exhibits
Authors: Sullivan Steven M. , Skidmore Wesley , Dante George 
Published: June 2018

Do you know what a kiwi looks like - all the way down to the orientation of the nostrils? While small details won’t make or break the aesthetics of an exhibit, they can have important impacts on visitor learning and future behavior.
Museums are a traditional bastion of authenticity. From the objects we exhibit to the information we share, audiences know that museums are a trustworthy source of real objects and vetted facts. We strive to ensure accurate label copy, but the traditional constraints of preservation and exhibition of natural history specimens can still convey confusing or implicitly inaccurate information. Problems like sub-standard taxidermy, faded mounts, heedless application of plants, and inaccurate social groupings abound in museums. Visitors are usually not equipped to evaluate such details, yet such details often become a baseline from which visitor’s expectations of nature are derived. Therefore, accurate representations of species are an important way to convey both explicit institutional messages and implicit information about nature.
We will discuss the fundamental details that differentiate award-winning taxidermy from substandard representations of the species. We will show how to employ a few, fundamental principles to overcome the constraints of preservation to make mounts, dioramas, and artificial reproductions as exciting, beautiful, and accurate as possible.
Interns and Volunteers Crucial in Curating and Digitizing Fossil Invertebrates in the Field Museum’s Fast Growing Mazon Creek Collection
Authors: Mayer Paul , Hodge Katherine , Kahn Dana , Best Mackenzie , Dryer Yaal , Pritza Mane , Nelson Janel , Wittry Jack 
Published: June 2018

The Mazon Creek region in Northeastern Illinois is home to a Middle Pennsylvanian (~307 million years old) soft-bodied fossil Lagerstätte of animals and plants that lived along a subtropical swampy coastline. This area was strip mined for coal from 1928 to 1974 and museum geologists and amateur collectors acquired large fossil collections during this time by collecting and splitting millions of nodules unearthed at the mines. These large collections are important because of the rarity of many of the species in the Mazon Creek biota. There are about 250 described fossil invertebrate species from the Mazon Creek region. Fifty-one of these species (mostly insects and arachnids) are represented by just a single specimen in the Field Museum’s collection.
Since the 1980’s collecting has decreased and the mines have been restored to parks and wildlife areas. The Field Museum maintained a collection of 34,000 Mazon Creek invertebrate fossil for many decades. With the new donations from private collectors in the last three years this collection has grown by 20% and now represents 18% of the Fossil Invertebrate systematic collection. The Mazon Creek is also the most used fossil invertebrate collection accounting for about 38% of loans in the last five years.
Dealing with these large and often unexpected donations adds to the already large workload of the collection staff, so interns and volunteers are utilized to process, catalog, digitize, and integrate these fossils into the museum’s collection. In the summer of 2016, interns Mackenzie Best and Yaal Dryer unpacked and sorted into drawers the Thomas V. Testa collection, and digitized the first 1,000 fossils. In 2017, two Women in Science interns, Kate Hodge and Dana Kahn, spent 6 weeks entering the data for 5,000 fossils into our database, numbering these fossils, and printing their labels. Having a well curated collection, as well as volunteer Jack Wittry, who has expert knowledge of Mazon Creek fossils, has also been crucial to the success of these projects. Mane Pritza, a Field Museum volunteer, began photographing these collections and has captured over 11,000 images. Janel Nelson, a former volunteer, has uploaded these images into our multimedia database and linked them to the corresponding records in the catalog module. James and Sylvia Konecny donated their 4,000-specimen Mazon Creek collection in December of 2017, ensuring that interns and volunteers will continue their curation work for at least the next two years.
Mitigation of Mercury Contamination in an Ore Collection
Authors: Hale Leslie , Hawks Catherine , Makos Kathryn 
Published: June 2018

The National Rock and Ore Collection at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History includes mercury ore specimens stored at its Museum Support Center in Suitland, Maryland. Two decades after the ore collection was moved from historic metal clad wooden cabinets with felt gaskets to modern steel cabinets with neoprene foam gaskets, it became apparent that elemental mercury vapor generated from the specimens was accumulating within the storage units, creating visible mercury deposits on cabinet interior surfaces and drawers, as well as the paperboard storage trays and paper specimen labels inside the drawers. Concerns were raised about the potential health hazard to users of the collection, as well as potential cross-contamination of non-mercury-bearing specimens, housing materials and equipment. The Museum’s collection manager, conservator, and industrial hygienist developed three phases of mitigation strategies, which were applied and analyzed for effectiveness between 2011 and 2016.
The first phase involved creating special vapor barrier packaging for each mercury ore using Marvelseal®, welded on three sides by the supplier, and frame sealing tape to secure the fourth side; disposal of all trays and replacement of trays for the non-mercury-bearing specimens; extensive cleaning of the cabinet interiors using Mercury Absorb Sponges; and lining each drawer and cabinet with MicroChamber scavenger sheets. Utilizing a Jerome Mercury Vapor Analyzer, measurements indicated a 40-50% reduction in mercury concentrations within the affected cases.
There were still visible residual mercury deposits, so a second, more rigorous phase of cleaning was conducted on all accessible interior cabinet and drawer surfaces, paying special attention to unpainted metal hardware. A modified solution of Lugol’s iodine was used, followed by isopropyl alcohol wipes to remove the residual iodine solution. This second phase led to a further reduction in mercury vapor of 60-80% from the original measurements.
The cases were securely closed for one year, and subsequent measurements indicated a significant re-accumulation of mercury vapor. During the third phase of mitigation, zeolite scavenger sheets were inserted between drawers and over bagged specimens, and MicroChamber sheets from the second phase were replaced. This resulted in mercury vapor concentration reductions back to 60-80% of the original measurements. However, the median concentration still exceeded the conservative occupational health exposure limit of 0.025 mg/M3. Subsequent investigation suggests that residual mercury residue on inaccessible interior cabinet surfaces is the limiting factor preventing complete and permanent mitigation.
Challenges For Implementing Collections Data Quality Feedback: synthesizing the community experience
Authors: Paul Deborah , Fisher Nicole 
Published: June 2018

Much data quality (DQ) feedback is now available to data providers from aggregators of collections specimen and related data. Similarly, transcription centres and crowdsourcing platforms also provide data that must be assessed and often manipulated before uploading to a local database and subsequently published with aggregators. In order to facilitate broader DQ information use aggregators (GBIF, ALA, iDigBio, VertNet) and others, through the TDWG BDQ Interest Group, are harmonizing the DQ information provided - transforming part of the DQ feedback process. But, collections sharing data face challenges when trying to evaluate and integrate the information changes offered (by aggregators) for given records in local collection management systems and collection databases. Sharing DQ integration experiences can help reveal risks and opportunities. Discovering others have the same conundrums helps develop a community of belonging and may assist in removing duplication of effort. It is important to leverage the knowledge and experience of those who are currently validating data to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the process. Documenting and classifying these challenges also facilitates motivation and community building by informing those who would tackle these challenges. In this case, talks from aggregators and data providers give all of us a chance to learn from their stories about implementing and integrating DQ feedback.
Following the symposium, a special interest group (SIG at SPNHC) meeting offers everyone an opportunity to add their experiences with aggregator DQ feedback. See the SIG meeting: "Add Your Input to Challenges for Implementing Collections Data Quality Feedback: synthesizing the community experience", for details. For tractable issues, we plan to assemble and note the expected ways in which these barriers can be overcome. Where possible, we can tap into existing community resources (SPNHC, TDWG, biology.stackexchange.com, iDigBio, etc.) to help our data providers implement future data updates and track changes. At the same time, we plan to analyze the intractable issues - documenting why they remain challenging - and what, if any potential solutions are available or likely to be available in the future. This information provides future projects like DiSSCo (Distributed System of Scientific Collections) and BCoN (Biodiversity Collections Network) and others worldwide the information required to plan more effectively for cyber/human infrastructure. Synthesizing this input helps visionaries better understand, anticipate and support DQ management and data mobilization efforts going forward by informing design of future proposals and global projects structured with these outcomes in mind. At the end of the workshop, we intend to publish our findings, and merge them with the results of a global survey on the same topic.
The Forgotten Variable: Effects of Sample Preparation and Storage on Geochemistry of Invertebrate Skeletal Carbonate
Authors: Smith Abigail , Key, Jr Marcus , Loxton Jennifer , Righi Anna , Forrester Jeffrey , Buttler Caroline 
Published: June 2018

Standard sample preparation often includes cleaning, bleaching, preservation and storage techniques that may affect temperate invertebrate skeletal carbonate composition and integrity. Here we report on a series of interlinked studies and their key results.
Rinsing with tap or deionised water has little detectable effect on sample composition and integrity. Bleaching with sodium hypochlorite, especially at low concentrations and for short times, results in no change in mineralogy or stable isotopes. High concentrations of bleach, and oxidation using H2O2, result in sample dissolution and the leaching of Mg from high-Mg samples. H2O2 has a significant effect on ∂18O stable isotope concentration. Chemical removal of organic material is often not necessary.
Ultrasonication of samples results in loss of Mg and skeletal material generally, especially from high-Mg specimens. The combination of ultrasound with bleaching (a common shortcut) is even worse. Roasting of specimens to remove organic carbon causes dramatic changes in composition and cannot be recommended.
New studies on the effect of storage in various preservatives and conditions are underway. In order to examine longer-term effects of storage, we have been mining museum collections. This collecting activity is ongoing and we would be glad to hear about material we have missed.
Sample preparation and storage can have considerable effect on subsequent chemical investigations, and must form part of research planning, collection management, and sample labelling.
The Conservation of a Victorian Taxidermy Display Case
Authors: Lai Grace , Bolton Felicity 
Published: June 2018

A Victorian taxidermy display case presented conservation challenges and decisions that included ethical and methodological considerations regarding the treatment required.
The case was donated to Auckland Museum in 2006 by the Howick Historical Society and contains assorted birds from North and South America. With limited records received from the Howick Society, there was no further information regarding its provenance or history of conservation. Therefore consultation was maintained with the Curator of Applied Arts and Design throughout the process.
Firstly, the case contained numerous birds of different species mounted to a tree-like structure, constructed from wire wrapped in natural fibre and foliage. It was completely sealed with access only possible by removing the back panel, and it was not known if any of the components were attached to this. Secondly, the birds were in very poor condition; some had fallen off their branches, many had damaged feathers, and few had either a loose head or missing tail. Lastly, there was also evidence of pest infestation in both the case and its contents, so investigation was required to determine if this was active.
This poster will address the three main concerns covering the approaches to techniques in the remedial treatment of taxidermy birds, the preventive conservation treatments chosen to tackle the pest infestation and how conservation can aid research in determining provenance.