bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faunal Composition of the Sumisu Caldera Hydrothermal Vent Field as a Key Baseline for Conservation in Light of Deep‐Sea Mining
Authors: Chen Chong , Hookabe Natsumi , Hashimoto Rina , Shimooka Satoshi , Shiraki Shoki , Uyeno Daisuke , Kawagucci Shinsuke 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHydrothermal vents are biodiversity hotspots on the deep seafloor powered by chemosynthetic primary production, inhabited by a specially adapted fauna whose composition varies between regions. Sumisu Caldera, located approximately 500 km south of Tokyo, hosts a hot vent with an unusual species composition among the Izu–Ogasawara Arc sites and has been suggested as a priority site for conservation in light of upcoming deep‐sea mining for massive sulfides. However, this was based on just five species serendipitously recorded from geological surveys. Here, we carried out the first comprehensive biological sampling of Sumisu using two dives of the human‐occupied vehicle Shinkai 6500. Together with literature records, we count a total of 54 animal species of which at least 25 are endemic to chemosynthetic ecosystems, drastically increasing the known faunal diversity—including three sponges, one cnidarian, 12 molluscs, 23 annelids, 13 arthropods, one echinoderm, and one fish. The presence of sediments facilitating the occurrence of burrowing species and three non‐endemic predators contribute to the high species richness. Our findings make Sumisu the most species‐rich vent community in the entire northwestern Pacific and our work serves as a prime example for detailed faunal surveys to obtain key piece of baseline data for future environmental assessments. Although the apparent lack of massive sulfide deposits means Sumisu is unlikely to be an immediate target of mining, its close distance to Bayonnaise Knoll with a major deposit and the possibility that it acts as a critical stepping‐stone population for many species, as well as the presence of several endangered ones, presents a case for its protection.
Essential work, invisible workers: The role of digital curation in COVID‐19 Open Science
Authors: Pasquetto Irene V. , Abdu Amina A. , Chtena Natascha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the role digital curation practices and practitioners played in facilitating open science (OS) initiatives amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. In Summer 2023, we conducted a content analysis of available information regarding 50 OS initiatives that emerged—or substantially shifted their focus—between 2020 and 2022 to address COVID‐19 related challenges. Despite growing recognition of the value of digital curation for the organization, dissemination, and preservation of scientific knowledge, our study reveals that digital curatorial work often remains invisible in pandemic OS initiatives. In particular, we find that, even among those initiatives that greatly invested in digital curation work, digital curation is seldom mentioned in mission statements, and little is known about the rationales behind curatorial choices and the individuals responsible for the implementation of curatorial strategies. Given the important yet persistent invisibility of digital curatorial work, we propose a shift in how we conceptualize digital curation from a practice that merely “adds value” to research outputs to a practice of knowledge production. We conclude with reflections on how iSchools can lead in professionalizing the field and offer suggestions for initial steps in that direction.
Who, when, where, and why: A systematic review of “late diagnosis” in autism
Authors: Russell Alison S. , McFayden Tyler C. , McAllister Margaret , Liles Kimberly , Bittner Sophie , Strang John F. , Harrop Clare 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn autism diagnosis can be a critical milestone toward effective and affirming support. Despite the sharp increase in the number of studies focused on late diagnosis over the last 15 years, there remains no consensus as to what constitutes a late diagnosis of autism, with cutoffs ranging from infancy to middle adulthood. This preregistered systematic review evaluated (a) the field's current quantification of late diagnosis in autism, (b) how the threshold for late diagnosis varies as a function of demographic and population factors, and (c) trends over time. Of the 11,697 records retrieved, N = 420 articles met inclusion criteria and were extracted. Articles spanned 35 years (1989–2024) and included participants from every continent except Antarctica. Only 34.7% of included studies provided a clear threshold for “late diagnosis” (n = 146/420). Late diagnosis cutoffs averaged 11.53 years (range = 2–55 years; median = 6.5 years) with a bimodal distribution (3 and 18 years). The threshold for late diagnosis varied by participant location, F(5,140) = 10.4, p < 0.0001, and sample age, F(5,140) = 20.1, p < 0.0001. Several key rationales for age determinations emerged, including access to services, considerations for adult diagnoses, and data driven approaches. What authors consider to be a “late” diagnosis of autism varies greatly according to research context. Justifications for a specific late‐diagnosis age cutoff varied, underscoring the need for authors to contextualize their conceptualizations.
Simulating Data From Marginal Structural Models for a Survival Time Outcome
Authors: Seaman Shaun R. , Keogh Ruth H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMarginal structural models (MSMs) are often used to estimate causal effects of treatments on survival time outcomes from observational data when time‐dependent confounding may be present. They can be fitted using, for example, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). It is important to evaluate the performance of statistical methods in different scenarios, and simulation studies are a key tool for such evaluations. In such simulation studies, it is common to generate data in such a way that the model of interest is correctly specified, but this is not always straightforward when the model of interest is for potential outcomes, as is an MSM. Methods have been proposed for simulating from MSMs for a survival outcome, but these methods impose restrictions on the data‐generating mechanism. Here, we propose a method that overcomes these restrictions. The MSM can be, for example, a marginal structural logistic model for a discrete survival time or a Cox or additive hazards MSM for a continuous survival time. The hazard of the potential survival time can be conditional on baseline covariates, and the treatment variable can be discrete or continuous. We illustrate the use of the proposed simulation algorithm by carrying out a brief simulation study. This study compares the coverage of confidence intervals calculated in two different ways for causal effect estimates obtained by fitting an MSM via IPTW.
Diverse Motions and Responses in Crowd Simulation
Authors: Ma Yiwen , Liu Tingting , Liu Zhen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA challenge in crowd simulation is to generate diverse pedestrian motions in virtual environments. Nowadays, there is a greater emphasis on the diversity and authenticity of pedestrian movements in crowd simulation, while most traditional models primarily focus on collision avoidance and motion continuity. Recent studies have enhanced realism through data‐driven approaches that exploit the movement patterns of pedestrians from real data for trajectory prediction. However, they have not taken into account the body‐part motions of pedestrians. Differing from these approaches, we innovatively utilize learning‐based character motion and physics animation to enhance the diversity of pedestrian motions in crowd simulation. The proposed method can provide a promising avenue for more diverse crowds and is realized by a novel framework that deeply integrates motion synthesis and physics animation with crowd simulation. The framework consists of three main components: the learning‐based motion generator, which is responsible for generating diverse character motions; the hybrid simulation, which ensures the physical realism of pedestrian motions; and the velocity‐based interface, which assists in integrating navigation algorithms with the motion generator. Experiments have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in different aspects. The visual results demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.
Neolignan Kadsurenin F Modulates Proteostatic Pathways and Possesses Potent Anti‐Inflammatory Properties
Authors: Evangelakou Zoi , Schwaiger Stefan , Gianniou Despoina D. , Trougakos Ioannis P. , Stuppner Hermann 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKadsurenin F, a natural neolignan‐type compound, has been described as a constituent of various members of the Lauraceae family such as Aniba spp. or Nectandra spp., but can also be found in various Piper species such as Piper kadsura Ohwi (Piperaceae). This species is traditionally used to treat asthma, rheumatic pain, arthritis, and digestive problems. Recently, several studies have highlighted the significant anti‐inflammatory potential of P. kadsura extracts and secondary metabolites. Here, we report the isolation of kadsurenin F as an active component of P. kadsura. We found that kadsurenin F increases oxidative load and suppresses proteasome functionality in normal diploid human fibroblasts, and after administration in Drosophila flies. Moreover, kadsurenin F likely possesses anti‐inflammatory properties, as apart from suppressing proteasome activity, it reversed inflammatory phenotypes and inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells when administered in parallel with LPS. Our findings suggest that the kadsurenin F scaffold can be used for the development of novel highly bioactive proteasome inhibitors and/or anti‐inflammatory compounds.
Craniosynostosis in Siblings, an Extremely Rare Occurrence: A Case Report
Authors: Bhavsar Tirth , Chaudhary Sachin Mahendrakumar , Singh Sumesh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCraniosynostosis (CS) is the premature fusion of skull sutures, with all sutures except the metopic suture typically fusing in adulthood. Premature fusion constrains brain growth, leading to abnormal skull shape and potential neurocognitive or neurological issues, along with syndromic features in some cases. While CS is rare, its occurrence in siblings is exceptionally uncommon and holds significant academic importance. We report a case of CS in siblings: a 13‐month‐old boy and his five‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old sister. Neither parent exhibits craniofacial dysmorphism or signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). The younger sibling presents with dolichocephaly and normal neurological, cognitive, and motor development, while the elder sibling exhibits proptosis, midface hypoplasia, and normal developmental milestones. Neither sibling displays limb or systemic anomalies. Imaging studies, including multislice plain CT brain with 3D skull reconstruction and MRI, revealed multiple suture closures. The younger sibling has complete sagittal suture closure with partial closure of other sutures, while the elder sibling shows multisutural CS. Ophthalmologic evaluations and developmental assessments excluded increased ICP and systemic issues. Most CS cases follow an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, making this case particularly significant. CT with 3D skull reconstruction remains the diagnostic gold standard. Management aims to preserve cosmetic appearance and prevent complications from increased ICP. Treatment options range from conservative follow‐up to surgical interventions, including endoscopic suturectomy, open craniotomy, and distraction osteogenesis, depending on the presence of neurocognitive issues or elevated ICP. Both siblings currently show normal neurological, cognitive, and motor development without increased ICP, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring to identify new developments or recurrence after treatment. Differential diagnoses, such as deformational plagiocephaly, must also be considered in such cases.
Electrochemical Radical Allylation Reaction of Arylphosphine Oxides
Authors: Huang Jianming , Wang Qiannan , Wang Xinyu , Song Jin , Guo Chang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFunctionalized organophosphorus compounds are key structural motifs in many natural products and pharmaceutical chemicals. Herein, we describe the electrochemical radical allylation reaction for the direct and efficient construction of C(sp3)─P bonds. A wide range of arylphosphine oxides and allylsilanes were well tolerated, providing valuable organophosphorus compounds with generally good yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that a phosphoryl radical is generated through a single‐electron transfer oxidation process and plays a pivotal role in the reaction pathway.
Role of Copper Species in Copper Phyllosilicate Catalysts for the Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Furfural to γ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Shoosri Tanyarat , Thongratkaew Sutarat , Rungtaweevoranit Bunyarat , Kraithong Wasawat , Faungnawakij Kajornsak , Teerawatananond Thapong , Sooknoi Tawan , Kuboon Sanchai , Panpranot Joongjai , Weerachawanasak Patcharaporn 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCopper phyllosilicate (CuPS) catalysts were synthesized and evaluated for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural to γ‐valerolactone (GVL). Various copper loadings (10–30 wt.%) were studied to elucidate the impact of copper species on catalytic performance. Notably, a high dispersion of copper (%DCu ≈ 70%) and a substantial BET surface area (620 m2/g) were achieved, even at the maximum copper loading of 30 wt.%. TR‐XANEs and XPS analyses identified the two geometric structures of Cu2⁺ on the CuPS catalysts; square planar and octahedral alongside Cu⁺/Cu⁰ species were formed upon reduction at temperatures exceeding 200 °C. The reduced 30% CuPS‐R catalyst, enriched in metallic Cu⁰, achieved complete conversion of furfural, but exhibited low GVL selectivity (22%). Conversely, the as‐synthesized 30% CuPS, predominantly composed of Cu2⁺, showed a lower furfural conversion (14%) but higher selectivity for GVL (37%). The physical mixing of 30% CuPS‐R and 30% CuPS in a 50:50 ratio yielded the best catalytic performance, resulting in 100% furfural conversion and 86% GVL selectivity. The findings suggest that metallic Cu⁰ is essential for initiating the conversion of furfural, while Cu2⁺ plays a critical role in GVL formation. An optimal Lewis/Brønsted acidity (L/B) ratio of 5.7 is proposed for the mixed catalysts. The proposed reaction mechanism underscores the complex interplay between different copper species and acid sites, emphasizing the need for optimizing both metal and acid functionalities in catalyst design.
Nanostructured Ceria–Niobia Catalyst for Selective Synthesis of N‐Benzylideneanilines
Authors: Putla Suresh Babu , Swapna Bhattu , Kumar Mudavath Arun , Sudarsanam Putla , Srinivasu Pavuluri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe shape and structure engineering of metal oxide nanomaterials are the potential strategies to optimize surface‐active sites with tunable selectivity for heterogeneous catalysis. This work reports the synthesis of two types of nanostructured CeO2–Nb2O5 catalysts: (i) one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis of CeO2–Nb2O5 (CeNb2O5‐HTS, HTS stands for hydrothermal synthesis) and (ii) CeO2 impregnation on hydrothermally synthesized Nb2O5 nanorods (CeNb2O5‐WI, WI stands for wet‐impregnation) to elucidate the role of particle shape and CeO2 addition in the structure–activity efficacy of Nb2O5 nanocatalyst for the selective oxidative C–N coupling of benzyl alcohol with aniline to produce N‐benzylideneaniline (NBA). The characterization studies showed nanorod morphology of Nb2O5 and high dispersion of CeO2 on Nb2O5 nanorods in the CeNb2O5‐WI catalyst with strong acidic sites and more oxygen vacancies. Consequently, a significantly enhanced catalytic activity was achieved with CeNb2O5‐WI nanocatalyst in the coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline with 96% yield to NBA, whereas 62% conversion of aniline with 92% selectivity to NBA was obtained with pure Nb2O5 nanorods. In contrast, the CeNb2O5‐HTS catalyst gave 37% conversion of aniline only. The versatile efficiency of the CeNb2O5‐WI nanocatalyst is showcased by synthesizing various functional NBA products. The CeNb2O5‐WI catalyst can be recycled 4 times without much variation in NBA selectivity by achieving reasonably good conversion of aniline.
Design and Construction of an Artificial Light‐Harvesting System Based on Polyacrylic Acid and a Cyanostilbene Derivative
Authors: Duan Qunpeng , Chen Dengli , Zhang Qiaona , Lin Shihao , Zeng Rong , Xiao Tangxin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of materials with tunable fluorescence properties is critical for advancing applications in sensing, imaging, and information encryption. In this study, we synthesized a cyanostilbene derivative (CSA) that combines the benefits of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and self‐assembly in water. CSA, featuring a cyanostilbene core and hydrophilic carboxylate groups, exhibits weak fluorescence in solution but forms highly fluorescent nanoaggregates (CSA‐PAA) upon self‐assembly with polyacrylic acid (PAA). By integrating rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) as an energy acceptor, we constructed a light‐harvesting system (CSA‐PAA‐Rh6G) with high Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency and tunable emission from green to yellow. This work presents a facile approach for the development of aqueous light‐harvesting systems and shows promise for future applications in tunable luminescent materials.
Biomass Valorization via Paired Electrocatalysis
Authors: Huddleston Morgan , Sun Yujie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrochemical valorization of biomass represents an emerging research frontier, capitalizing on renewable feedstocks to mitigate carbon emissions. Traditional electrochemical approaches often suffer from energy inefficiencies due to the requirement of a second electrochemical conversion at the counter electrode which might generate non‐value‐added byproducts. This review article presents the advancement of paired electrocatalysis as an alternative strategy, wherein both half‐reactions in an electrochemical cell are harnessed to concurrently produce value‐added chemicals from biomass‐derived feedstocks, potentially doubling the Faradaic efficiency of the whole process. The operational principles and advantages of different cell configurations, including 1‐compartment undivided cells, H‐type cells, and flow cells, in the context of paired electrolysis are introduced and compared, followed by the analysis of various catalytic strategies, from catalyst‐free systems to sophisticated homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysts, tailored for optimized performance. Key substrates, such as CO2, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural, glycerol, and lignin are highlighted to demonstrate the versatility and efficacy of paired electrocatalysis. This work aims to provide a clear understanding of why and how both cathode and anode reactions can be effectively utilized in electrocatalytic biomass valorization leading to innovative industrial scalability.
Covalent Organic Frameworks with Regulated Water Adsorption Sites for Efficient Cooling of Electronics
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Yong , Hu Yu , Han Wang‐Kang , Fu Jia‐Xing , Zhu Ruo‐Meng , Pang Huan , Zhang Jiangwei , Gu Zhi‐Guo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe excessive heat accumulation has been the greatest danger for chips to maintain the computing power. In this paper, a passive thermal management strategy for electronics cooling was developed based on the water vapor desorption process of the covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The precise regulation for the number of carbonyl group and the ratio of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity within pore channels was achieved by water adsorption sites engineering. In particular, COF‐THTA with abundant water adsorption sites exhibited highest water uptake and desorption energy, which facilitate efficient cooling of electronics. In proof‐of‐concept testing, COF‐THTA coating (40×40 mm) provided a temperature drop of 7.5 °C in 25 minutes at a heating power of 937.5 W/m2, and remained stable after 10 intermittent heat cycles. Furthermore, the equivalent enthalpy of COF‐THTA coating can reach up to 1136 J/gcoating. In real application scenarios, COF‐THTA coating improved the performance of two real computing devices by 26.73 % and 22.61 %, respectively. This strategy based on COFs provides a new thinking for passive thermal management, exhibiting great potential in efficient cooling of electronics.
Wireless Power Transfer System for Cardiac Pacemakers Based on Spiral Ring mu‐Negative Materials
Authors: Guirreh Souleiman Hassan , Zhu Feiyu , Chen Weihua , Peng Jishen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTConsidering the impact of metamaterials on the magnetic coupling effect and electromagnetic response characteristics in wireless power transfer systems for implantable cardiac pacemakers, this paper proposes a wireless power transfer system operating at the 300‐kHz frequency band, enhanced by spiral ring mu‐negative materials (SR‐MNG) to improve magnetic coupling efficiency. First, based on the resonance principle, the SR‐MNG is designed, and the system's mutual inductance coupling is analyzed using the magnetic dipole coupling model theory. Second, the impact of metamaterial thickness and loss on the system's coupling strength is investigated, and the performance of the system is analyzed when using FR4, polyimide, and aluminum nitride as dielectric substrate. The system's tolerance to misalignment is discussed bearing in mind the special implantation environment of the peacemaker. The experimental results indicate that, at a transmission distance of 20 mm, the system achieves optimal magnetic coupling strength with a thickness of 1.6 mm, resulting in a minimum power transmission efficiency of 71%. Increasing the thickness to 2 mm disrupts the trend of increasing efficiency, causing it to drop by at least 23.3%. The SR‐MNG with polyimide as the dielectric plate performs exceptionally well, maintaining an efficiency range of 17.3%–73.1% for lateral displacements between 0 and 30 mm and achieving a minimum efficiency of 39.2% for angular misalignment of 15°.
Performance of plasma p‐tau217 and NfL in an unselected memory clinic setting
Authors: Rousset Rebecca Z. , Claessen Thomas , van Harten Argonde C. , Lemstra Afina W. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Braber Anouk den , Jeromin Andreas , Verberk Inge M. W. , Teunissen Charlotte E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPlasma phosphorylated tau‐217 (p‐tau217) and neurofilament light (NfL) can differentiate between different dementias in selected cohorts. We aim to test the discrimination potential of these markers in a real‐world cohort.METHODSWe measured p‐tau217 (ALZpath) and NfL (Quanterix) in 415 (unselected) consecutive memory clinic patients. Biomarker levels were dichotomized as low/high to create four biomarker profiles based on p‐tau217 and NfL levels.RESULTSp‐Tau217 levels were highest in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, whereas NfL levels were highest in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Low p‐tau217/low NfL was associated mostly with non‐neurological diagnoses (79%), and high p‐tau217/low NfL indicated AD pathology at any stage (84%). Low p‐tau217/high NfL indicated FTD (38%) and high p‐tau217/high NfL indicated AD dementia (87%).DISCUSSIONp‐Tau217 can identify AD pathology at any disease stage. NfL can differentiate FTD from other diagnoses (e.g., AD dementia). Plasma p‐tau217 and NfL can support clinical decision‐making, and we suggest using them as complements to standard clinical assessment.Highlights
Phosphorylated tau‐2017 (p‐tau217) can detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) across the clinical continuum.
Neurofilament light (NfL) can differentiate frontotemporal dementia (FTD) from other diagnoses (AD dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies [DLB], and Psychiatry).
p‐Tau217 may detect AD co‐pathology in other diseases or dementia types (e.g., DLB).
p‐Tau217 and NfL show potential for clinical implementation.