bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in physicochemical properties of yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) obtained using traditional and alternative manufacturing methods
Authors: Holowaty Santiago A. , Thea Ana E. , Alegre Carolina , Schmalko Miguel E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the drying kinetics and physicochemical properties of yerba maté obtained using three different alternative manufacturing methods and to compare these products with those of the yerba maté produced using the traditional process. Additionally, triangle tests were performed to establish whether there were sensory differences between the products studied. The assayed alternative manufacturing methods included the following: (a) zapecado using boiling water (BWZ) and (b) zapecado using steam water (SWZ), both followed by a final hot air drying step, and (c) an integral manufacturing method (zapecado + drying) using high‐frequency radiation (HFR). The HFR integral method yielded a product with a higher caffeine content (>30%; p < .05) than that of traditional yerba maté. Furthermore, HFR yerba maté showed significantly higher total polyphenol content values than those of BWZ and SWZ yerba maté (>10%; p < .05). Likewise, the HFR integral method resulted in a yerba maté that was much more similar in color and with imperceptible sensory differences (p > .05) when compared to the traditional product.Practical applicationsDuring traditional yerba maté manufacturing, freshly harvested branches of Ilex paraguariensis come into direct contact with combustion gases from the burning of forest biomass. This contributes to the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent deposition in yerba maté leaves and stems. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been proved to be carcinogenic, in addition to having other toxic effects on humans.The elimination of combustion gases as a direct source of heat in the manufacturing process of yerba maté is an emerging need. The development of alternative manufacturing methods that avoid the contact of the raw material with the products of the incomplete combustion of forest biomass burning and the subsequent implementation of these methods in the industry will guarantee a higher quality product from a food safety point of view.
Substance Abusing Mothers with a History of Childhood Abuse and Their Children's Depressive Symptoms: The Efficacy of Family Therapy
Authors: Wu Qiong , Slesnick Natasha 
Published: October 2018

This study examined the associations among maternal history of childhood abuse, substance use, and depressive symptoms and the change in children's depressive symptoms in therapy. Mothers (N = 183) were randomly assigned into either a family or an individual treatment condition. Mothers were assessed for their childhood abuse retrospectively, baseline depressive symptoms, and substance use, whereas their children's depressive symptoms were measured five times during 1.5 years. Maternal childhood abuse was associated with a slower decline in child depressive symptoms through elevated maternal depressive symptoms, only in individual treatment. Maternal substance use further moderated this mediation pathway. This study supports the efficacy of family therapy in protecting children of mothers with a substance use disorder and a history of childhood abuse.
Surface damage of dental implant systems and ions release after exposure to fluoride and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Peñarrieta‐Juanito Gabriella , Sordi Mariane B. , Henriques Bruno , Dotto Marta E. R. , Teughels Wim , Silva Filipe S. , Magini Ricardo S. , Souza Júlio C. M. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate surface changes on dental implant systems and ions release after immersion in fluoride and hydrogen peroxide.MethodsTen implant‐abutment assemblies were embedded in acrylic resin and cross‐sectioned along the implant vertical axis. Samples were wet ground and polished. Delimited areas of groups of samples were immersed in 1.23% sodium fluoride gel (F) or in 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for 16 min. Gels (n = 3) were collected from the implant surfaces and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), to detect the concentration of metallic ions released from the implant systems. Selected areas of the abutment and implant (n = 15) were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsSEM images revealed surface topographic changes on implant‐abutment joints after immersion in fluoride. Implants showed excessive oxidation within loss of material, while abutment surfaces revealed intergranular corrosion after immersion in fluoride. ICP‐MS results revealed a high concentration of Ti, Al, V ions in fluoride after contact with the implant systems. Localized corrosion of implant systems could not be detected by SEM after immersion in hydrogen peroxide although the profilometry showed increase in roughness. ICP‐MS showed the release of metallic ions in hydrogen peroxide medium after contact with dental implants.ConclusionTherapeutical substances such as fluorides and hydrogen peroxide can promote the degradation of titanium‐based dental implant and abutments leading to the release of toxic ions.
A temperate labrid fish demonstrates compensatory mechanisms to feed at torpor‐inducing temperatures
Authors: Moran C. J. , Carlowicz R. M. , Gerry S. P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTemperature can have profound impacts on fitness‐related activities in fishes. Feeding is an ecologically relevant task which is controlled by muscle function. Consequently, in ectotherms, muscle function and feeding kinematics can be altered by temperature. This study investigated the effect of decreasing temperature on the feeding kinematics of the northern most labrid in the Western Atlantic. During winter, cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) enter a state of extended torpor in order to conserve energy when water temperatures drop below ~10°C. We hypothesized that feeding kinematics would be slower at lower temperatures especially those associated with torpor (≤10°C). Additionally, we hypothesized that prey type will elicit different feeding behaviors. Feeding events on sandworms and Asian shore crabs were recorded at 5, 10, 15 and 20°C. Fish held at 5°C had slower opening and closing jaw velocities while using more ram than the other temperature treatments. No differences were detected between prey types. For both prey types, the temperature treatment which consistently induced torpor (5°C) slowed oral jaw movements, which likely forced cunner to rely more on ram than suction to capture prey. Torpor temperatures appeared to have less of an effect on feeding than on metabolic rate, steady swimming capabilities and muscle function, suggesting some compensatory mechanisms of feeding musculature in cunner.
Using a nowcasting system to better understand lake water dynamics
Authors: Kimura Nobuaki , Wu Chin H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConstraints in conventional field observations, such as measurement stations and instruments, human resources and occasional inclement weather conditions, hinder our understanding of the biological, chemical and physical processes in aquatic systems. Accordingly, the present study developed an integrated monitoring and prediction system called WISconsin nowCASTing (WIS‐CAST) to better predict spatial and temporal physical lake dynamics (e.g., water movements and temperatures). The system uses either present or past observations from instrumented buoys equipped with flow, water temperature and meteorological measurement sensors, integrating the observed data (i.e., in situ data) with high‐tech data communication tools, databases, a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model and visualization tools. Acoustic Doppler current profiler in the system with radio wave two‐way communication covering a distance of 1,000 m also was utilized in the present study. The WIS‐CAST was deployed in early August 2006 in Trout Lake, a mid‐sized lake Wisconsin. It was maintained until late October 2006 as a local‐level, compacted nowcasting system to show temporal and spatial distributions of water temperature and movement in the water column and the entire lake. The lake dynamics affected by the Coriolis force for a state of summer stratification, a unique event of upwelling/downwelling and a process of overturn, all monitored and predicted during the measurement period with lake current and water temperature distributions, is presented herein. The WIS‐CAST, which was used as a system to assist lake management (e.g., water quality control), indicated the chemical dynamics were caused by a physical process, such as nutrient upwelling and vertical mixing of nutrients.
Showing Is Knowing: The Potential and Challenges of Using Neurocognitive Measures of Implicit Learning in the Classroom
Authors: Dahlstrom‐Hakki Ibrahim , Asbell‐Clarke Jodi , Rowe Elizabeth 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe value of neurocognitive measures to study memory, attention, cognition, and learning is well established. However, the vast majority of work using these tools is performed in tightly controlled lab experiments using simple lab stimuli. This article looks at the viability of using multimodal neurocognitive instruments to measure implicit knowledge in real‐world learning contexts. We focus on some of the most promising neurocognitive tools for this purpose, including eye‐tracking, electroencephalography (EEG), and functional near infra‐red spectroscopy (fNIRS). The specific challenges and potential of each tool are considered for use within learning contexts. These tools may be of particular importance to student populations that typically underperform on traditional learning assessments, including students with disabilities, English language learners, and students from low socioeconomic status backgrounds, among others. This review concludes with recommendations to the field for further work required to bring objective measures of implicit knowledge to real world learning contexts.
Edge‐Enhanced Matching for Gradient‐Based Computer Vision Displacement Measurement
Authors: Luo Longxi , Feng Maria Q. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractComputer vision‐based displacement measurement for structural monitoring has grown popular. However, tracking natural low‐contrast targets in low‐illumination conditions is inevitable for vision sensors in the field measurement, which poses challenges for intensity‐based vision‐sensing techniques. A new edge‐enhanced‐matching (EEM) technique improved from the previous orientation‐code‐matching (OCM) technique is proposed to enable robust tracking of low‐contrast features. Besides extracting gradient orientations from images as OCM, the proposed EEM technique also utilizes gradient magnitudes to identify and enhance subtle edge features to form EEM images. A ranked‐segmentation filtering technique is also developed to post‐process EEM images to make it easier to identify edge features. The robustness and accuracy of EEM in tracking low‐contrast features are validated in comparison with OCM in the field tests conducted on a railroad bridge and the long‐span Manhattan Bridge. Frequency domain analyses are also performed to further validate the displacement accuracy.
Genome and evolution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora epigaea (formerly Glomus versiforme) and its bacterial endosymbionts
Authors: Sun Xuepeng , Chen Wenbo , Ivanov Sergey , MacLean Allyson M. , Wight Haley , Ramaraj Thiruvarangan , Mudge Joann , Harrison Maria J. , Fei Zhangjun 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form endosymbioses with most plants, and they themselves are hosts for Mollicutes/Mycoplasma‐related endobacteria (MRE). Despite their significance, genomic information for AM fungi and their MRE are relatively sparse, which hinders our understanding of their biology and evolution.

We assembled the genomes of the AM fungus Diversispora epigaea (formerly Glomus versiforme) and its MRE and performed comparative genomics and evolutionary analyses.

The D. epigaea genome showed a pattern of substantial gene duplication and differential evolution of gene families, including glycosyltransferase family 25, whose activities are exclusively lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Genes acquired by horizontal transfer from bacteria possibly function in defense against foreign DNA or viruses. The MRE population was diverse, with multiple genomes displaying characteristics of differential evolution and encoding many MRE‐specific genes as well as genes of AM fungal origin. Gene family expansion in D. epigaea may enhance adaptation to both external and internal environments, such as expansion of kinases for signal transduction upon external stimuli and expansion of nucleoside salvage pathway genes potentially for competition with MRE, whose genomes lack purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways.

Collectively, this metagenome provides high‐quality references and begins to reveal the diversity within AM fungi and their MRE.
Optimal spatiotemporal effort allocation for invasive species removal incorporating a removal handling time and budget
Authors: Baker Christopher M. , Diele Fasma , Marangi Carmela , Martiradonna Angela , Ragni Stefania 
Published: October 2018

AbstractImproving strategies for the control and eradication of invasive species is an important aspect of nature conservation, an aspect where mathematical modeling and optimization play an important role. In this paper, we introduce a reaction‐diffusion partial differential equation to model the spatiotemporal dynamics of an invasive species, and we use optimal control theory to solve for optimal management, while implementing a budget constraint. We perform an analytical study of the model properties, including the well‐posedness of the problem. We apply this to two hypothetical but realistic problems involving plant and animal invasive species. This allows us to determine the optimal space and time allocation of the efforts, as well as the final length of the removal program so as to reach the local extinction of the species.
Inflation Sensitivity To Monetary Policy: What Has Changed since the Early 1980s?
Authors: Pancrazi Roberto , Vukotić Marija 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHave conventional monetary policy instruments maintained the same ability to accommodate undesirable effects of shocks throughout the postwar period? Or has the changed economic environment characterizing the last 30 years diminished the sensitivity of macroeconomic volatility to systematic changes in the conduct of monetary policy? The answer is no to the first question and, consequently, yes to the second question. We estimate a medium‐scale New‐Keynesian model in two subsamples, 1955–79 and 1984–2012, and find that the sensitivity of inflation variance to changes in conventional monetary policy has declined. We document that the changed properties of the labour market largely contributed to this decline.
Thinking about feeling: Using trait emotional intelligence in understanding the associations between early maladaptive schemas and coping styles
Authors: Ke Tianyuan , Barlas Joanna 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesMaladaptive interpersonal schemas can trigger distressing emotions and drive dysfunctional behaviour that leads to difficulties in interpersonal relationships and perpetuates the original maladaptive schemas. This study sought to identify patterns of association between trait emotional intelligence (TEI), early maladaptive schemas (EMS), and coping styles in a non‐clinical sample. Emotionality profiles were hypothesized to be associated with EMS severity and poorer coping, as early experiences can shape an individual's self‐perceptions through reinforcement by maladaptive responses.DesignCross‐sectional study with 142 undergraduate students.MethodsWe obtained self‐reports of TEI, coping styles, and EMS.ResultsDisengagement coping was strongly correlated with EMS severity (r = .565, p < .01). TEI was negatively correlated with EMS (r = −.660, p < .01) and Disengagement (r = −.405, p < .01). Emotionality, Impaired Autonomy, and Overvigilance partially mediated the relationship between Disconnection and Emotion‐Focused Disengagement. Self‐Control fully mediated the relationship between Impaired Limits and Problem‐Focused Disengagement.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that lower TEI is associated with the likelihood for maladaptive coping in response to EMS. The preference for certain coping styles associated with a particular domain of EMS may be explained by an individual's perceived metacognitive ability to regulate their stress and emotions. When individuals’ needs for love, safety, and acceptance from others are not met, there might be poorer perceived self‐efficacies in Emotionality and the tendency to cope through emotional avoidance. Individuals with difficulties establishing internal limits are more likely to respond with problem avoidance, possibly due to deficient distress tolerance. Longitudinal studies with a clinical population are warranted to replicate these findings.Practitioner points

Clinicians will likely find it helpful to consider their clients’ TEI to facilitate more individualized formulation and treatment planning, by considering whether related emotional regulation problems might be innate or a deficit in skills

Implies the need to do more basic emotional regulation work to supplement and strengthen the established imagery work in schema therapy (ST).
Cell‐specific Retention and Action of Pheophorbide‐based Photosensitizers in Human Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Tracy Erin C. , Bowman Mary‐Jo , Pandey Ravendra K. , Baumann Heinz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study determined in primary cultures of human lung cancer cells the cell specificity of chlorin‐based photosensitizers. Epithelial cells (ECs) preferentially retained 3‐[1‐hexyloxyethyl]‐2‐devinylpyropheophorbide‐a (HPPH) and related structural variants. Tumor‐associated fibroblasts (Fb) differ from EC by a higher efflux rate of HPPH. Immunoblot analyses indicated dimerization of STAT3 as a reliable biomarker of the photoreaction. Compared to mitochondria/ER‐localized photoreaction by HPPH, the photoreaction by lysosomally targeted HPPH‐lactose showed a trend toward lower STAT3 cross‐linking. Lethal consequence of the photoreaction differed between EC and Fb with the latter cells being more resistant. A survey of lung tumor cases indicated a large quantitative range by which EC retains HPPH. The specificity of HPPH retention defined in vitro could be confirmed in vivo in selected cases grown as xenografts. HPPH retention as a function of the tetrapyrrole structure was evaluated by altering side groups on the porphyrin macrocycle. The presence or absence of a carboxylic acid at position 172 proved to be critical. A benzyl group at position 20 enhanced retention in a subset of cancer cells with low HPPH binding. This study indicated experimental tools that are potentially effective in defining the photosensitizer preference and application for individual patient's cancer lesions.
Modulational instability in a full‐dispersion shallow water model
Authors: Hur Vera Mikyoung , Pandey Ashish Kumar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe propose a shallow water model that combines the dispersion relation of water waves and Boussinesq equations, and that extends the Whitham equation to permit bidirectional propagation. We show that its sufficiently small and periodic traveling wave is spectrally unstable to long wavelength perturbations if the wave number is greater than a critical value, like the Benjamin‐Feir instability of a Stokes wave. We verify that the associated linear operator possesses infinitely many collisions of purely imaginary eigenvalues, but they do not contribute to instability to the leading order in the amplitude parameter. We discuss the effects of surface tension. The results agree with those from a formal asymptotic expansion and a numerical computation for the physical problem.
The Importance of Social Groups for Retirement Adjustment: Evidence, Application, and Policy Implications of the Social Identity Model of Identity Change
Authors: Haslam Catherine , Steffens Niklas K. , Branscombe Nyla R. , Haslam S. Alexander , Cruwys Tegan , Lam Ben C. P. , Pachana Nancy A. , Yang Jie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrevious work in the social identity tradition suggests that adjustment to significant life changes, both positive (e.g., becoming a new parent) and negative (e.g., experiencing a stroke), can be supported by access to social group networks. This is the basis for the social identity model of identity change (SIMIC), which argues that, in the context of life transitions, well‐being and adjustment are enhanced to the extent that people are able to maintain preexisting social group memberships that are important to them or else acquire new ones. Building on empirical work that has examined these issues in the context of a variety of life transitions, we outline the relevance of SIMIC for one particular life transition: retiring from work. We identify four key lessons that speak to the importance of managing social group resources effectively during the transition to retirement from the workforce. These suggest that adjustment to retirement is enhanced to the extent that retirees: (1) can access multiple important group memberships and the psychological resources they provide, (2) maintain positive and valued existing groups, and (3) develop meaningful new groups, (4) providing they are compatible with one another. This theory and empirical evidence is used to introduce a new social intervention, Groups 4 Health, that translates SIMIC's lessons into practice. This program aims to guide people through the process of developing and embedding their social group ties in ways that protect their health and well‐being in periods of significant life change of the form experienced by many people as they transition into retirement.
Finding Common Ground: Synthesizing Divergent Theoretical Views to Promote Women's STEM Pursuits
Authors: Diekman Amanda B. , Clark Emily K. , Belanger Aimee L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNumerous theories seek to explain gender gaps in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), and the literature on social and motivational factors implicated in women's STEM pursuits is burgeoning. We contend that a next‐generation strategy is needed to translate multiple and complex theories to practice: We focus on the overlap of multiple social psychological theories to propose common‐ground strategies to foster women's interest and participation in STEM. Building upon the foundational work of lone‐theory approaches is a next‐generation intervention approach that identifies where different theories have common ground—that is, where a particular intervention strategy might capitalize on multiple psychological mechanisms to yield benefit. We focus in particular on theories relevant to two incongruities that contribute to the gender gap in STEM: the incongruity between women and STEM (discussed in theories about stereotyping/discrimination, social identity, and stereotype threat), and the incongruity between STEM and student values (discussed in theories about expectancy‐value, goal congruity, and work‐family conflict). Three core strategies encompass multiple mechanisms described from these scientific frameworks, and these form the basis for intervention tactics: (1) Challenge stereotypes; (2) Align STEM activities with students’ values; (3) Cultivate growth mindsets related to STEM ability. We outline opportunities for structural change within educational and occupational settings that can enhance and sustain interest.