bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal medicine residents’ evaluation of fevers overnight
Authors: Howard-Anderson Jessica , Schwab Kristin E. , Chang Sandy , Wilhalme Holly , Graber Christopher J. , Quinn Roswell 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Scant data exists to guide the work-up for fever in hospitalized patients, and little is known about what diagnostic tests medicine residents order for such patients. We sought to analyze how cross-covering medicine residents address fever and how sign-out systems affect their response.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate febrile episodes that residents responded to overnight. Primary outcomes included diagnostic tests ordered, if an in-person evaluation occurred, and the effect of sign-out instructions that advised a “full fever work-up” (FFWU).

Results
Investigators reviewed 253 fevers in 155 patients; sign-out instructions were available for 204 fevers. Residents evaluated the patient in person in 29 (11%) episodes. The most common tests ordered were: blood cultures (48%), urinalysis (UA) with reflex culture (34%), and chest X-ray (30%). If the sign-out advised an FFWU, residents were more likely to order blood cultures [odds ratio (OR) 14.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.52–28.90], UA with reflex culture (OR 12.07, 95% CI 5.56–23.23), chest X-ray (OR 16.55, 95% CI 7.03–39.94), lactate (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.47–7.55), and complete blood count (CBC) (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.17–8.51). In a multivariable regression, predictors of the number of tests ordered included hospital location, resident training level, timing of previous blood culture, in-person evaluation, escalation to a higher level of care, and sign-out instructions.

Conclusions
Sign-out instructions and a few patient factors significantly impacted cross-cover resident diagnostic test ordering for overnight fevers. This practice can be targeted in resident education to improve diagnostic reasoning and stewardship.
Teaching novice clinicians how to reduce diagnostic waste and errors by applying the Toyota Production System
Authors: Radhakrishnan Nila S. , Singh Hardeep , Southwick Frederick S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic waste, defined as the ordering of low value tests, increases cost, causes delays, increases complexity, and reduces reliability. The Toyota Production System (TPS) is a powerful approach for process improvement that has not been applied to the diagnostic process. We describe a curriculum based on tools and principles of TPS that provides medical students with an approach for reducing diagnostic waste and improving patient management.

Methods
A 2-day elective course “Fixing Healthcare Delivery” was offered to medical students at the University of Florida, Gainesville. A section within the course had three learning objectives related to TPS: (1) define value in health care; (2) describe how diagnostic waste leads to time delays and diagnostic errors; and (3) apply sequential and iterative value streams for patient management. Instruction methods included videos, readings, and online quizzes followed by a 2-h seminar with facilitated discussion and active problem solving.

Results
During the 3 years the course was offered students (n = 25) achieved average scores of 95% on a pre-seminar test of manufacturing principles applied to the diagnostic and management process. Course evaluations averaged 4.94 out of 5 (n = 31).

Conclusions
Students appreciated the application of the TPS principles to the diagnostic process and expressed the desire to apply these manufacturing principles in their future diagnostic and management decision-making.
Stil und Abgeschiedenheit
Authors: Hvattum Mari 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In his famous essay “Der moderne Denkmalkultus. Sein Wesen und seine Entstehung” from 1903, the Austrian historian and art theorist Alois Riegl pondered why it is that the modern observer is able to appreciate the monuments of the past. It seems an odd question. The nineteenth century was obsessed with history; its artists and architects were often accused of appreciating nothing but the past. Yet, Riegl’s question is prescient. If, as the historicists had long professed, there are no absolute or eternal standards in art – if the value of art and architecture is relative, changing with time and circumstance – then logically, the past should be inaccessible to us. How come it is not?
Riegl’s seemingly naïve question sums up historicism’s most pressing dilemmas and reveals the epochal determinism lurking in nineteenth-century Zeitgeist-thinking. This essay investigates Riegl’s attempted answers and their intellectual presuppositions.
Skeptizismus und negative Theologie
Authors: Gutschmidt Rico 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Scepticism and negative theology are best understood not as theoretical positions, but rather as forms of philosophical practice that performatively undermine our knowledge claims or our seeming understanding of God. In particular, I am arguing that both scepticism and negative theology invoke the failure of the attempt to understand the absolute, be it God or the notion of absolute objectivity. However, with reference to L. A. Paul’s notion of epistemically transformative experience, I am arguing that we still understand something about the absolute through the experience of failing to think it. This, of course, is a non-propositional form of understanding, and I am arguing that there is something about the finitude of the human condition that can only be understood through a transformative philosophical experience with respect to the absolute.
Denken und Welt – Wege kritischer Metaphysik
Authors: Haag Johannes , Hoeppner Till 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe begin by considering two common ways of conceiving critical metaphysics. According to the first (and polemical) conception, critical metaphysics analyses nothing more than the form of thought and thereby misses the proper point of metaphysics, namely to investigate the form of reality. According to the second (and affirmative) conception, critical metaphysics starts from the supposed insight that the form of reality can’t be other than the form of thought and it is thus not necessary to analyse anything but that form. We argue that the first conception is too weak while the second is too strong. Then we sketch an alternative conception of critical metaphysics, a conception we find expressed both in Kant’s B-Deduction and in the way Barry Stroud has recently investigated the possibilities of metaphysics. According to such a conception, a properly critical metaphysics needs to proceed in two steps: first, it needs to analyze the most general and necessary form of any thought that is about an objective reality at all; second, it needs to investigate how that form of thought relates to the reality it purports to represent. But unlike Kant, Stroud remains sceptical regarding the possibility of a satisfying transition from thought to reality in metaphysics. We argue that this dissatisfaction can be traced back to a notion of objectivity and reality in terms of complete mind-independence. Then we sketch an alternative notion of objectivity and reality in terms of distinctness from subjects and acts of thinking, and argue that it is that notion that allows Kant, with his Transcendental Idealism, to make the transition required for any satisfying metaphysics, namely that from the form of thought to reality.
Effectiveness and feasibility of a humor training in a routine care setting for people suffering from mental disorders
Authors: Tagalidou Nektaria , Faschingbauer Marlene , Mussuros Teresa , Ruch Willibald , Laireiter Anton-Rupert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe study tested effectiveness and feasibility of a humor training for members of a community mental health center suffering from schizophrenia, personality disorders, depression, or anxiety. The training group (n=28) was compared to a treatment-as-usual control group (n=26). Outcomes were divided into primary (coping humor and cheerfulness) and secondary ones (well-being, depression, anxiety, and symptomatology), and were assessed prior to and after treatment and at a six-week follow-up. Additionally, gelotophobia was explored as a confounding variable of the training outcome. Linear mixed models showed improvements in coping humor and cheerfulness compared to the control group. However, effects did not remain stable at follow-up, and secondary outcomes were unaffected by the training. Interestingly, people with higher levels in gelotophobia tended to score worse on many outcomes before training. These differences disappeared after completion but recurred in the follow-up. Feedback indicated feasibility of the training within the institution. Summarizing the results, this is one of the first studies that tried to implement humor training in a routine care setting for people with mental disorders. Results are promising, however further research is needed to investigate humor trainings in clinical samples more profoundly.
Application of the Optimal Auxiliary Functions Method to a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
Authors: Herisanu N. , Marinca V. , Madescu G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Analysis and control of electrical and mechanical behavior of electrical machines devoted to capture the wing energy is a subject of huge interest nowadays, due to the need to respond to the actual demands related to green energy, more specific to the demand to convert the mechanical wind energy into electrical energy. The working regime of a permanent magnet synchronous generator associated with a wind turbine under a variable wind profile is investigated in this paper starting from the reality that the wind speed and especially its variation generate significant electrical and mechanical loads in the system, which could lead to various damages. A new and effective analytical technique, namely the Optimal Auxiliary Functions Method is employed to obtain approximate analytical solutions to the governing equations which are expressed in non-dimensional form. It is found that the analytical results obtained by means of our new method agree very well with numerical integration results, if an appropriate number of convergence-control parameters are employed in the construction of the auxiliary functions. A detailed analysis of the convergence of approximate analytical solutions is developed and it is concluded that the convergence of solutions greatly depends on the number of convergence-control parameters, whose optimal values are rigorously determined using various reliable procedures. Several numerical examples are developed in order to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, which proves to be highly efficient and controls the convergence of the approximate solutions, ensuring a very fast convergence after only one iteration.
In pursuit of a secure UI: The cycle of breaking and fixing Android’s UI
Authors: Bove Davide , Kalysch Anatoli 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Hijacking user clicks and touch gestures has become a common attack vector and offers a stealthy approach at escalating the privileges of a process without raising red flags among users or AV software. Exploits falling into this category are categorized as clickjacking attacks and have gained increased popularity on mobile devices, Android being the recent victim of a series of UI vulnerabilities.
Focusing on the Android OS this paper highlights previous and current UI-based attack vectors and finishes with an overview of security mechanisms, covering both system-wide as well as app-level protection measures.
Phylogeography of Miniopterus fuliginosus (Chiroptera) with special reference to Jeju Island, South Korea
Authors: Endo Kanako , Iida Keisuke , Nunome Mitsuo , Kim Yoo-Kyung , Han Sang-Hyun , Sohn Joon-Hyuk , Ohmori Yasushige , Oh Hong-Shik , Kimura Junpei , Hondo Eiichi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
To better understand the genetic relatedness of the eastern bent-wing bat Miniopterus fuliginosus across East Asia, mitochondrial D-loop sequences were analyzed from 39 M. fuliginosus individuals living on Jeju Island, South Korea. Seven different haplotypes were identified. Neighbor-joining analysis was performed and divergence time was calculated in combination with available online data on D-loop and ND2 sequences of M. fuliginosus in East Asia, respectively. Results suggest that M. fuliginosus populations living on Jeju Island and in Japan originated from China in the past 20,000 years.
Spurred by Threats or Afraid of War? A Survey Experiment on Costs of Conflict in Support for Military Action
Authors: Gleditsch Kristian Skrede , Tago Atsushi , Tanaka Seiki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is commonly assumed that perceived threats from a rival state will make individuals more likely to “rally-round-the-flag” and support military action. Previous studies have looked at how information about threats affects public support for military action. To date, however, there has been less attention to how information about the costs of conflict affects support for military action in response to threats. In this article, we present a survey experiment designed to evaluate how information about the likely military and economic costs of conflict influences support for military action. We provide Japanese respondents with information about relations with China, and probe how support for military action in the context of the ongoing territorial dispute changes with varying information on the military costs of conflict and its economic consequences. We find that information about trade ties and military capacity exerts a pacifying effect and strengthens opposition to military action. Consistent with our proposed mechanism, we show that greater awareness of military costs is associated with stronger opposition to military action. Our results indicate that even under the existence of external threats, greater awareness of the costs of conflict affects attitudes to military action and can increase support for peaceful solutions to territorial rivalries.
99mTc(I) carbonyl-radiolabeled lipid based drug carriers for temozolomide delivery and bioevaluation by in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Arı Kadir , Uçar Eser , İçhedef Çiğdem , Yurt Kılçar Ayfer , Medine Emin İlker , Parlak Yasemin , Sayıt Bilgin Bedriye Elvan , Aydın Burcu , Gümüşer Fikriye Gül , Teksöz Serap 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In preclinical research radiolabeled nanoparticles have been attracting interest as a new class of imaging probes. Assuming good stability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) under physiological conditions, radiolabeled SLNs can be used for imaging and measuring uptake in target tissue. Present study was performed to evaluate biological behavior of temozolomide (TMZ) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-TMZ) in vivo and in vitro. Lipid nanoparticles were prepared by emulsification and low-temperature solidification method. ζ potential, morphology and particle size of nanoparticles were determined. Biological behavior of 99mTc(CO)3
+ radiolabeled SLN-TMZ were investigated in vitro on U87/Daoy cell lines and in vivo on female Wistar Albino rats. Obtained results of in vitro incorporation, in vivo biodistribution and gamma imaging studies on radiolabeled SLN-TMZ show that the radiolabeled solid lipid nanoparticles could have potential as a drug delivery system for TMZ.
Charles S. Peirce’s sign typology of 1903 and the semeiotic of universe, man, and culture
Authors: Sørensen Bent , Thellefsen Torkild , Thellefsen Martin , Nurma Dewi Amalia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article offers an interpretation of Peirce’s pan-semeiotic view of the universe. According to Peirce, the entire universe is composed of signs or processes of signification (see for example CP 5.448 footnote). The consequence of this can be seen as twofold: processes of signification have a naturalistic foundation and the universe has an inherent semeiotic character. Peirce understands the universe as depending on the relationship between things, which can become signs and signs, can only become interpreted by other signs and so on ad infinitum (CP 8.191; see also Fisch 1986). Furthermore, man himself is a symbol, says Peirce, and, of course, the cultures of which he is a member must also be interpenetrated and work by the logic of signs. Hence, universe, man, and culture come together because of the sign relation having a rationale in a strong ontology. Or put in other words: Peirce’s sign is truly general and ontological and he sees continuity wherever he looks and for him there is no absolute separation between the processes of the universe, the existence of man, and culture mediating between the first mentioned. Peirce himself did not, however, to the best of our knowledge, explicitly unfold this semeiotic relationship between universe, man, and culture, and the aim of the following is to show a glimpse of this semeiotic relationship also remembering, to some extent, the ontological rationale it purports to yield with its metaphysical synechism. We see the glimpse of the relationship between universe, man, and culture from Peirce’s three sign trichotomies of 1903 where we find some of his most mature thoughts concerning semeiotic.
An intuitive skewness-based symmetry test applicable to stationary time series data
Authors: Hartigan Luke 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
I propose a simple skewness-based test of symmetry suitable for a stationary time series. The test is based on the difference between the squared deviation of a process above its median with that below it. The test has many attractive features: it is applicable to weakly dependent processes, it has a familiar form, it can be implemented using regression, and it has a standard Gaussian limiting distribution under the null hypothesis of symmetry. The finite sample properties of the test statistic are examined via Monte Carlo simulation and suggest that it has better size-adjusted power compared to competing tests in the literature when examining moderately persistence processes. I apply the test to a range of US economic and financial data and find stronger support for asymmetry in financial series compared to economic series.
Similarity Solutions for the Complex Burgers’ Hierarchy
Authors: Halder Amlan K. , Paliathanasis A. , Rangasamy S. , Leach P.G.L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A detailed analysis of the invariant point transformations for the first four partial differential equations which belong to the complex Burgers’ hierarchy is performed. Moreover, a detailed application of the reduction process through the Lie-point symmetries is presented while we construct the similarity solutions. We conclude that the differential equations of our consideration are reduced to first-order equations such as the Abel, Riccati, and to a linearisable second-order differential equation by using similarity transformations.
The Effect of Grain Size and Shape on Sliding Friction of Wet Granular Media
Authors: Aliasgari Mojgan , Maleki-Jirsaraei Nahid , Rouhani Shahin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The wet granular material creates networks in which interstitial liquid provides capillary bridges needed to hold grains together. There is an optimal fraction of the interstitial liquid in which the bridges are formed and the friction coefficient is minimal. We found that the size of the grains affects the friction of wet granular media. Our observations demonstrates that the optimum volume fraction, in which the friction coefficient is minimized, increases with grain size, but for sand immersed in water, this minimum friction coefficient itself increases with size and for glass beads immersed in silicone oil it decreases, indicating that the shape of the grains also has an effect on this friction. It is also shown that there is a crossover point for grain size at which the network effect created by capillary bridges is dominated by wet granular media. This crossover point is found.
Flow Rate Evaluation of Biplanar Geonets and Geonet Composites with a Recommended Generic Specification
Authors: Koerner Robert M. , Koerner George R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Geonets and geonet composites (or simply geocomposites) have been quite successful in replacing sand drainage layers in many applications, particularly in landfill leachate collection situations in which space is at a premium. This article evaluates four commercially available biplanar geonets and finds remarkable similarity of one to another insofar as comparable flow rates are concerned. It also evaluates one of these products in two different thicknesses with six covering geotextile variations, indicating that geotextile intrusion is significant in reducing flow rates when testing under simulated field conditions, i.e., using compressible and flexible end platens. With the data generated, as well as collecting related physical and mechanical properties, a generic specification is included for this class of geosynthetic drainage products.
How Linked Selection Shapes the Diversity Landscape inFicedulaFlycatchers
Authors: Rettelbach Agnes , Nater Alexander , Ellegren Hans 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe effect of selection on linked neutral sites is widely used to detect selected loci. While existing models provide a good description of the patterns expected from background selection or sweeps on a small...There is an increasing awareness that selection affecting linked neutral sites strongly influences on how diversity is distributed across the genome. In particular, linked selection is likely involved in the formation of heterogenous landscapes of genetic diversity, including genomic regions with locally reduced effective population sizes that manifest as dips in diversity, and “islands” of differentiation between closely related populations or species. Linked selection can be in the form of background selection or selective sweeps, and a long-standing quest in population genetics has been to unveil the relative importance of these processes. Here, we analyzed the theoretically expected reduction of diversity caused by linked selection in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) genome and compared this with population genomic data on the distribution of diversity across the flycatcher genome. By incorporating data on recombination rate variation and the density of target sites for selection (including both protein-coding genes and conserved noncoding elements), we found that background selection can explain most of the observed baseline variation in genetic diversity. However, positive selection was necessary to explain the pronounced local diversity dips in the collared flycatcher genome. We confirmed our analytical findings by comprehensive simulations. Therefore, our study demonstrates that even though both background selection and selective sweeps contribute to the heterogeneous diversity landscape seen in this avian system, they play different roles in shaping it.