bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact representation of the full Broyden class of quasi‐Newton updates
Authors: DeGuchy Omar , Erway Jennifer B. , Marcia Roummel F. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we present the compact representation for matrices belonging to the Broyden class of quasi‐Newton updates, where each update may be either rank one or rank two. This work extends previous results solely for the restricted Broyden class of rank‐two updates. In this article, it is not assumed that the same Broyden update is used in each iteration; rather, different members of the Broyden class may be used in each iteration. Numerical experiments suggest that a practical implementation of the compact representation is able to accurately represent matrices belonging to the Broyden class of updates. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to compute the compact representation for the inverse of these matrices and a practical algorithm for solving linear systems with members of the Broyden class of updates. We demonstrate through numerical experiments that the proposed linear solver is able to efficiently solve linear systems with members of the Broyden class of matrices with high accuracy. As an immediate consequence of this work, it is now possible to efficiently compute the eigenvalues of any limited‐memory member of the Broyden class of matrices, allowing for the computation of condition numbers and the ability to perform sensitivity analysis.
Treatment Options for Severe Obesity in the Pediatric Population: Current Limitations and Future Opportunities
Authors: Ryder Justin R. , Fox Claudia K. , Kelly Aaron S. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveSevere obesity is the only obesity classification increasing in prevalence among children and adolescents. Treatment options that produce meaningful and sustained weight loss and comorbidity resolution are urgently needed.MethodsThe purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the current treatment options for pediatric severe obesity and offer suggestions regarding future opportunities for accelerating the development and evaluation of innovative treatment strategies.ResultsAt present, there are three treatment options for youth with severe obesity: lifestyle modification therapy, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Lifestyle modification therapy can be useful for improving many chronic disease risk factors and comorbid conditions but often fails to achieve clinically meaningful and sustainable weight loss. Pharmacotherapy holds promise as an effective adjunctive treatment but remains in the primordial stages of development in the pediatric population. Bariatric surgery provides robust weight loss and risk factor/comorbidity improvements but is accompanied by higher risks and lower uptake compared to lifestyle modification therapy and pharmacotherapy. New areas worth pursuing include combination pharmacotherapy, device therapy, identification of predictors of response aimed at precision treatment, and interventions in the postbariatric surgical setting to improve long‐term outcomes.ConclusionsTreating pediatric severe obesity effectively and safely is extremely challenging. Some progress has been made, but substantially more effort and innovation are needed in the future to combat this serious and ongoing medical and public health issue.
Fabrication of Magnetically Stirrable Anisotropic Microparticles via the Microfluidic Method
Authors: Xia Ming , Kim Kyung Hak , Park Bumkyo , Yu Taekyung , Park Bum Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA one‐step strategy to fabricate magnetically stirrable microparticles with geometric/chemical anisotropies via a microfluidic technique combined with partial phase separation is presented. Monodisperse oil‐in‐water microemulsions composed of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and two polymers, polystyrene and poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA), dissolved in chloroform are generated using the microfluidic method. Upon incubating the microemulsions in pure water at ambient conditions, the solvent contained in the microemulsions is gradually removed and partial phase separation between the two polymers occurs spontaneously. In the meantime, the microemulsion droplets are vertically aligned due to the density difference of the two polymer phases. During the spontaneous phase separation, the MNPs become unstable and the aggregated MNPs segregate downward by gravity to the denser PLGA phase. After complete removal of the solvent, the resulting particles adopt geometric/chemical anisotropies, and they are magnetically rotatable under an external magnetic field. It is demonstrated that the morphology of the anisotropic particles can be controlled readily by adjusting the ratio of the two polymers as well as the concentration of MNPs. It is believed that the developed method based on the partial phase separation and the gravity‐induced segregation of the MNPs enables large‐scale production of magnetically stirrable microparticles.
Optical Force Sensing with Cylindrical Microcontainers
Authors: Meissner Robert , Oliver Neus , Denz Cornelia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantitative force sensing reveals essential information for the study of biological systems. Forces on molecules, cells, and tissues uncover functioning conditions and pathways. To analyze such forces, spherical particles are trapped and controlled inside an optical tweezers (OT) trap. Although these spherical particles are well‐established sensors in biophysics, elongated probes are envisioned for remote force sensing reducing heat damage caused by OT. There is thus a growing demand for force metrology with OT using complexly shaped objects, e.g., sac‐like organelles or rod‐like bacteria. Here, the employment of Zeolite‐L crystals as cylindrical force sensing probes inside a single optical trap is investigated. It is shown that cylindrical objects can be used as force probes since existing calibration assays can be performed with suitable corrections. Forces of active driving assays are compared with passive calibration methods. Finally, the investigations are extended to direct force measurements based on momentum calibration, in which the influence of rotation due to torque in a single optical trap is unveiled. Simulations reveal the relation between torque and the position of equilibrium in the trap. The results highlight the functionality of Zeolite‐L crystals as probes for force sensing, while opening perspectives for enhanced, accurate force metrology in biophotonics.
Structure dissection of zebrafish progranulins identifies a well‐folded granulin/epithelin module protein with pro‐cell survival activities
Authors: Wang Ping , Chitramuthu Babykumari , Bateman Andrew , Bennett Hugh P.J. , Xu Ping , Ni Feng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe ancient and pluripotent progranulins contain multiple repeats of a cysteine‐rich sequence motif of ∼60 amino acids, called the granulin/epithelin module (GEM) with a prototypic structure of four β‐hairpins zipped together by six inter‐hairpin disulfide bonds. Prevalence of this disulfide‐enforced structure is assessed here by an expression screening of 19 unique GEM sequences of the four progranulins in the zebrafish genome, progranulins 1, 2, A and B. While a majority of the expressed GEM peptides did not exhibit uniquely folded conformations, module AaE from progranulin A and AbB from progranulin B were found to fold into the protopypic 4‐hairpin structure along with disulfide formation. Module AaE has the most‐rigid three‐dimensional structure with all four β‐hairpins defined using high‐resolution (H–15N) NMR spectroscopy, including 492 inter‐proton nuclear Overhauser effects, 23 3J(HN,Hα) coupling constants, 22 hydrogen bonds as well as 45 residual dipolar coupling constants. Three‐dimensional structure of AaE and the partially folded AbB re‐iterate the conformational stability of the N‐terminal stack of two beta‐hairpins and varying degrees of structural flexibility for the C‐terminal half of the 4‐hairpin global fold of the GEM repeat. A cell‐based assay demonstrated a functional activity for the zebrafish granulin AaE in promoting the survival of neuronal cells, similarly to what has been found for the corresponding granulin E module in human progranulin. Finally, this work highlights the remaining challenges in structure‐activity studies of proteins containing the GEM repeats, due to the apparent prevalence of structural disorder in GEM motifs despite potentially a high density of intramolecular disulfide bonds.
Bonding/antibonding character of “lone pair” molecular orbitals from their energy derivatives; consequences for experimental data
Authors: Chaquin Patrick , Fuster Franck , Volatron François 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe derivative of molecular orbitals (MO) energies with respect to a bond length (dynamic orbital force [DOF]) is used to estimate the bonding/antibonding character of valence MOs along this bond, with a focus on lone pair MOs, in a series of small molecules: AH (A = F, Cl, Br), AH2 (A = O, S, Se), AX3 (A = N, P, As; X = H, F), and H2CO. The HOMO DOF agrees with the calculated variation of bond length and force constant in the corresponding ground state cation, and of bond length variation by protonation. These results also agree with available experimental data. It is worthy to note that the p‐type HOMOs in AH and AH2 are found bonding. The lone pair MO is bonding in NH3, while it is antibonding in PH3, AsH3, and AF3.
Colloidal Behavior of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Presence of Sodium Chloride
Authors: Moud Aref Abbasi , Arjmand Mohammad , Yan Ning , Nezhad Amir Sanati , Hejazi Seyed Hossein 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAggregation and gelation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) induced by sodium chloride (NaCl) were investigated as a function of NaCl and CNC concentrations. Incorporation of NaCl improved CNCs ability to form clusters via screening surface charges of CNCs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the formation of porous CNC clusters following NaCl addition. The confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) micrographs indicated the presence of regions with colloid‐rich and colloid‐poor patterns in CNC clusters. Fluorescent brightener 28 was found to have a strong hydrogen bonding to the cellulose surface and used as the staining agent in CLSM. The CLSM images also indicated a dynamic structure for gels, continually rearranging over the course of time. Zeta potential data coupled with CLSM images confirmed the impact of NaCl on the gel formation of CNCs.
Fabrication of a Vertically Aligned Au Nanorod Array via Block‐Copolymer‐Templated Electroplating
Authors: Komiyama Hideaki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHexagonally assembled gold (Au) nanorod arrays oriented perpendicular to the substrate are fabricated by block‐copolymer‐templated electroplating. An amphiphilic diblock copolymer consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(methacrylate) bearing an azobenzene mesogen on the side chain (PEO‐b‐PMA(Az)) thin film is used as a template without any nanopore‐generation processes. The PEO within the microphase‐separated cylindrical domains of the template function as an electrolytic medium to electroplate Au. The Au nanorods selectively grow through the PEO cylindrical domains. The growth process of the Au nanorods is monitored using cyclic voltammetry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The feature size (diameter, periodicity, and length) of the Au nanorods is controlled by the feature size and thickness of the template and the amount of passed charge. The optical characteristics of the resulting Au nanorod array are carefully investigated, including angle‐dependent ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectra and surface enhanced Raman scattering activity. In addition, the morphology of Au nanorods in the template change into Au nanoparticles based on Rayleigh instability.
Sandwichbauteile mit vorgehängter Fassade – Bemessungskonzepte
Authors: Berner Klaus , Misiek Thomas , Raabe Oliver 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerrn Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Jörg Lange zur Vollendung seines 60. Lebensjahres gewidmetEine neue Bauweise bestehend aus Sandwichbauteilen mit vorgehängten Fassadenelementen hat sich in den letzten Jahren für Außenwände entwickelt. Deren wesentlichen Ausführungsvarianten werden eingeführt: Sie unterscheiden sich durch die Tragrichtung der einzelnen Bauteile. Im folgenden Beitrag werden die sich aus der Konstruktion ergebenden zusätzlichen Besonderheiten, Schnittgrößen und Beanspruchungen vorgestellt und deren Behandlung bei der Bemessung erläutert. Auf die aufgrund der Beanspruchungen erforderlichen Versuche wird ebenfalls eingegangen.
Concise Review: The Regenerative Journey of Pericytes Toward Clinical Translation
Authors: Cathery William , Faulkner Ashton , Maselli Davide , Madeddu Paolo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the single leading cause of death worldwide. Advances in treatment and management have significantly improved patient outcomes. On the other hand, although mortality rates have decreased, more people are left with sequelae that require additional treatment and hospitalization. Moreover, patients with severe nonrevascularizable CAD remain with only the option of heart transplantation, which is limited by the shortage of suitable donors. In recent years, cell-based regenerative therapy has emerged as a possible alternative treatment, with several regenerative medicinal products already in the clinical phase of development and others emerging as competitive preclinical solutions. Recent evidence indicates that pericytes, the mural cells of blood microvessels, represent a promising therapeutic candidate. Pericytes are abundant in the human body, play an active role in angiogenesis, vessel stabilization and blood flow regulation, and possess the capacity to differentiate into multiple cells of the mesenchymal lineage. Moreover, early studies suggest a robustness to hypoxic insult, making them uniquely equipped to withstand the ischemic microenvironment. This review summarizes the rationale behind pericyte-based cell therapy and the progress that has been made toward its clinical application. We present the different sources of pericytes and the case for harvesting them from tissue leftovers of cardiovascular surgery. We also discuss the healing potential of pericytes in preclinical animal models of myocardial ischemia (MI) and current practices to upgrade the production protocol for translation to the clinic. Standardization of these procedures is of utmost importance, as lack of uniformity in cell manufacturing may influence clinical outcome.
System engineering risk analysis of diesel engine durability in Latin America
Authors: Azevedo Kurt , Olsen Daniel B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBetween 2010 and 2015, engines in 20‐ton excavators in Latin American countries failed with low hours of usage. System maintenance data such as engine oil samples are critical to address engine durability issues seen in equipment operating in the Latin America region. Risk analysis addressing premature engine wear in the Latin America region has not been described in peer‐reviewed literature. Thus, the primary objective of this paper is to apply a system engineering standard risk model evaluation to identify, quantify, and prioritize cost risks associated with diesel engine durability in Latin America. This research is based on several data sources, including a database of 7561 engine oil analysis results for the period of 2010 through 2015. These results were obtained from oil analysis laboratories located in the following Latin American countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. This research applied the standard risk model and cataloged the root‐causes of risks under two groups: fuel and environment. The paper identified a cause and effect correlation between risk drivers and abnormal oil sample analysis results. After calculating, prioritizing, and mapping each risk, the research concludes that diesel sulfur content and diesel quality are the primary risks that should be addressed in machinery operating in Latin America. Risk and cost threshold formulas are presented in this research and support the conclusions.
Quantifying damage from wild pigs with small unmanned aerial systems
Authors: Samiappan Sathishkumar , Prince Czarnecki Joby M. , Foster Hearne , Strickland Bronson K. , Tegt Jessica L. , Moorhead Robert J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWild pig (Sus scrofa) population expansion and associated damage to crops, wildlife, and the environment is a growing concern in the United States. The destructive rooting behavior of wild pigs indicates where they have foraged and their general presence on the landscape. We used aerial imagery with a small unmanned aerial system to assess damage of corn (Zea mays) fields by wild pigs in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Mississippi, USA, during the 2016 growing season. Images were automatically classified using segmentation‐based fractal texture analysis and support vector machines. We assessed the accuracy of automated classification with 5,400 Global Positioning System ground reference points collected in the fields. Classification accuracies for identification of damaged and nondamaged areas were between 65% and 78%. In general, automated classification underestimated the area of damage present within fields. Kappa values ranged from 0.26 to 0.51, on a scale of 0.0–1.0. Small unmanned aerial systems overcome limitations of existing methods because they can survey an entire field rapidly and without significant field labor. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Transcriptome remodeling of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 during mcl-PHAs synthesis: effect of different carbon sources and response to nitrogen stress
Authors: Mozejko-Ciesielska Justyna , Pokoj Tomasz , Ciesielski Slawomir 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Bacterial response to environmental stimuli is essential for survival. In response to fluctuating environmental conditions, the physiological status of bacteria can change due to the actions of transcriptional regulatory machinery. The synthesis and accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are one of the survival strategies in harsh environments. In this study, we used transcriptome analysis of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to gain a genome-wide view of the mechanisms of environmental-friendly biopolymers accumulation under nitrogen-limiting conditions during conversion of metabolically different carbon sources (sodium gluconate and oleic acid). Transcriptomic data revealed that phaG expression is associated with medium-chain-length-PHAs’ synthesis not only on sodium gluconate but also on oleic acid, suggesting that PhaG may play a role in this process, as well. Moreover, genes involved in the β-oxidation pathway were induced in the PHAs production phase when sodium gluconate was supplied as the only carbon and energy source. The transition from exponential growth to stationary phase caused a significant expression of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, energy supply, and transport system. In this study, several molecular mechanisms, which drive mcl-PHAs synthesis, have been investigated. The identified genes may provide valuable information to improve the efficiency of this bioprocess and make it more economically feasible.
Modelling and simulation studies of the runway capacity of Changi Airport
Authors: Tee Y. Y. , Zhong Z. W. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTInternational air travel becomes more affordable over the years with the introduction of low-cost carriers (LCCs) in Asia Pacific. As a result, this region has seen an exponential growth in its air traffic movements. Asia Pacific has been recording faster air traffic growths, compared to regions such as Europe and North America. This is largely due to emerging markets and developing economies in Asia Pacific. This is especially seen in the demand and supply for LCCs in Southeast Asia. Changi Airport, being one of the major air traffic hubs in Asia, is facing overloaded traffic in the future due to this exponential growth. Although a new runway and new terminals are proposed and in the process of being built, the coming years could still bring a huge challenge to the airport, if its existing capacity is not maximised to cope with the increasing traffic demand. Hence, we studied the impacts of increasing LCC flights on the airport runway capacity. Different runway operational scenarios were simulated to investigate their advantages and disadvantages. It is found that the segregated parallel arrival-departure runway operation is beneficial. By simulating various operational scenarios with the projected increasing flight movements, it is found that a dedicated runway to medium-sized arrival aircraft may be more beneficial, as this would possibly enable it to have a higher runway capacity.
Blood Stream Infection in Patients on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure
Authors: Na Soo Jin , Chung Chi Ryang , Choi Hee Jung , Cho Yang Hyun , Yang Jeong Hoon , Suh Gee Young , Jeon Kyeongman 
Published: May 2018

Bloodstream infection (BSI) occurred in 21 of 121 patients (17%) receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation within the median time of 6 days after initiation (interquartile range, 4–19 days). Longer duration of arterial catheterization and more blood transfusions were independently associated with BSI, which is associated with poor clinical outcomes.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;1–4
The effect of buttressing on grounding line dynamics
Authors: HASELOFF MARIANNE , SERGIENKO OLGA V. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTDetermining the position and stability of the grounding line of a marine ice sheet is a major challenge for ice-sheet models. Here, we investigate the role of lateral shear and ice-shelf buttressing in grounding line dynamics by extending an existing boundary layer theory to laterally confined marine ice sheets. We derive an analytic expression for the ice flux at the grounding line of confined marine ice sheets that depends on both local bed properties and non-local ice-shelf properties. Application of these results to a laterally confined version of the MISMIP 1a experiment shows that the boundary condition at the ice-shelf front (i.e. the calving law) is a major control on the location and stability of the grounding line in the presence of buttressing, allowing for both stable and unstable grounding line positions on downwards sloping beds. These results corroborate the findings of existing numerical studies that the stability of confined marine ice sheets is influenced by ice-shelf properties, in contrast to unconfined configurations where grounding line stability is solely determined by the local slope of the bed. Consequently, the marine ice-sheet instability hypothesis may not apply to buttressed marine ice sheets.
The Influence of Top Management Team on Chinese Firms’ FDI Ambidexterity
Authors: Li Yi , Cui Lin 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTStrategic ambidexterity has been under researched in the context of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (FDI). An ambidextrous FDI, balancing between exploratory and exploitive activities, is strategically desirable but managerially challenging. We examine the role of top management team (TMT) functional diversity in influencing Chinese firms’ degree of FDI ambidexterity, and its boundary conditions in relation to the informal and formal institutional environments within which the TMT operates. Based on a panel of Chinese outward-investing manufacturing firms, our empirical analyses show that a marginal positive effect of TMT functional diversity on a firm's FDI ambidexterity is strengthened by the social faultline presence in the firm's TMT, but is weakened by the development of formal institutions in the firm's external environment.