bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Evidence of the Benzylium and Tropylium Cations as the Two Long‐Lived Isomers of C7H7+
Authors: Jusko Pavol , Simon Aude , Banhatti Shreyak , Brünken Sandra , Joblin Christine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDisentangling the isomeric structure of C7H7+ is a longstanding experimental issue. We report here the full mid‐infrared vibrational spectrum of C7H7+ tagged with Ne obtained with infrared‐predissociation spectroscopy at 10 K. Saturation depletion measurements were used to assign the contribution of benzylium and tropylium isomers and demonstrate that no other isomer is involved. Recorded spectral features compare well with density functional theory calculations. This opens perspectives for a better understanding and control of the formation paths leading to either tropylium or benzylium ions.
Magneto‐Controlled Biocatalytic Cascades with Logically Processed Input Signals – Substrate Channeling versus Free Diffusion
Authors: Filipov Yaroslav , Zakharchenko Andrey , Minko Sergiy , Katz Evgeny 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with various enzymes (amyloglucosidase, glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase) were used to perform biocatalytic cascades in two different states, solute suspension or aggregated, produced in the absence or presence of an external magnetic field. The biocatalytic reactions proceeded through bulk solution diffusion of intermediate substrates or substrate channeling, when the systems were dispersed or aggregated, respectively. The both pathways have shown very similar kinetics, unless the intermediate substrate was consumed by an additional biocatalytic process called “filter” for brevity. In the presence of the “filter” process, the diffusional process in the bulk solution was significantly inhibited, while the process based on the substrate channeling was still active. The systems were switched reversibly between the inhibited dispersed state and the active aggregated state by removing and applying the external magnetic field, respectively. The signal‐controlled biocatalytic cascades were considered as Boolean logic circuits with the inputs consisting of biomolecules and the magnetic field on‐off.
Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA)
Authors: Alam Muhammad S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProximity ligation assay (PLA), also referred to as Duolink® PLA technology, permits detection of protein‐protein interactions in situ (at distances <40 nm) at endogenous protein levels. It exploits specific antibodies identifying (either directly or indirectly) the two proteins of interest and utilizes specific DNA primers covalently linked to the antibodies. A hybridization step followed by DNA amplification with fluorescent probes permit visualization of spots of proximity by fluorescence microscopy. Since the development of PLA in 2002, it has been increasingly used to detect the interaction between two proteins with high sensitivity and specificity. It is a simple and sensitive technique to study protein‐protein interaction in cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enantioselective Activity of Hemin in Supramolecular Gels Formed by Co‐Assembly with a Chiral Gelator
Authors: Wang Song , Jiang Hejin , Zhang Li , Jiang Jian , Liu Minghua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSupramolecular co‐assembly provides an efficient way to combine structural and functional units through noncovalent interactions and produce materials with enhanced performance. Here, using a chiral amphiphilic histidine derivative (LHC18 or DHC18) as a gelator, we have successfully co‐assembled the gelator and hemin through gelation. During the co‐assembly, the chiral information of the gelator was transcribed into the assemblies, and thus right‐ and left‐handed helical ribbons from LHC18‐Hemin and DHC18‐Hemin co‐assemblies were obtained, respectively, which were confirmed by CD spectra and SEM observations. These helical ribbons were used as artificial enzymes to catalyse the oxidation reaction of 3,4‐dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (L‐DOPA). The catalytic activity of hemin in supramolecular gels can be effectively enhanced over that of free hemin. Moreover, by virtue of induced chirality, the supramolecular gels of LHC18‐Hemin and DHC18‐Hemin exhibited obvious enantioselective activity. This work provides a way to combine chirality transfer and supramolecular asymmetric catalysis.
Pulsed Electrodeposition of Co3O4 Nanocrystals on One‐Dimensional ZnO Scaffolds for Enhanced Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Wu Hao , Li Shangyi , Lu Xinxin , Toe Cui Ying , Chung Hoi Ying , Tang Yiming , Lu Xunyu , Amal Rose , Li Laisheng , Ng Yun Hau 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the collaborative groups of Dr. Yun Hau Ng at University of New South Wales, Australia and Dr. Yiming Tang at South China Normal University, China. The front cover picture shows ultrathin Co3O4 nanoflakes that are deposited on ZnO nanorods by pulsed electrodeposition. The performance of the nanostructured hybrid Co3O4/ZnO anode in electrochemical O2 evolution is better than that of neat Co3O4. Well‐aligned one‐dimensional ZnO nanorod arrays are integrated as a scaffold which functions as a “highway” to facilitate improved charge transfer, while the porosity of the anode material allows the penetration of the electrolyte, thus promoting efficient utilization of the catalytically active species. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201800218.
Vacuum‐Assisted Technique to Modify the SR Method for Unidirectional Crystal Growth
Authors: Saranraj Arumugam , Jenipriya Anthony Samy , Sahaya Jude Dhas Sathiyadhas , Jose Michael , Martin Britto Dhas Sathiyadhas Amalapusham 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe design and fabrication of a vacuum‐assisted Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) method is reported by making modifications in the original SR setup for the growth of bulk single crystals with selective orientation at room temperature using volatile solvents. Utilizing this technique, the growth of bulk‐sized and technologically important single crystals, such as KDP, TGS, ADP, and benzophenone, is demonstrated. The powder XRD patterns of the grown crystals are obtained so as to confirm the growth plane of each crystal. UV–visible spectra show good transparency in the entire visible region for the grown crystals. The crystalline perfection of the grown crystals is analyzed using HRXRD. This handy and cost‐effective technique will pave the way for the growth of single crystals satisfying the requirements of the photonic industry.
Controls on gross production in an aspen–sagebrush vegetation mosaic
Authors: Fellows Aaron W. , Flerchinger Gerald N. , Seyfried Mark S. , Lohse Kathleen A. , Patton Nicholas R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe critical zone (CZ; defined as the zone between the top of the vegetation canopy and the groundwater) mediates the impact of precipitation amount and timing on water availability and plant productivity. However, CZ structure, including soil and subsurface properties, are almost always unknown, leading to considerable uncertainty in the links between precipitation, plant water availability, and gross production. Using multiyear records of gross ecosystem CO2 exchange (GEE), micrometeorology, and streamflow, we examined the sensitivity of GEE to environmental controls in a sagebrush shrubland and an aspen forest. The sites were within 500 m of each other and had similar precipitation and temperature but marked differences in CZ structure. Cumulative growing season GEE was approximately two times greater at the aspen compared with the sagebrush, underscoring the importance of CZ properties in structuring spatial “hot spots” for carbon cycling. Larger soil water holding capacity and topography that produced lateral subsurface flow to the aspen enabled marked difference in plant functional type. Annual variability in growing season GEE within each site was not driven by annual precipitation; this lack of relationship was attributed to the CZ's limited ability to store water and an associated increase in water yield. Instead, both seasonal timing and cumulative growing season GEE for the sagebrush varied with spring and summer rain, whereas aspen GEE responded to spring snowpack conditions. These results emphasized how mapping and understanding CZ structure will help predict the spatial variability in plant functional type and temporal sensitivity of growing season GEE.
Eddy covariance based surface‐atmosphere exchange and crop coefficient determination in a mountainous peatland
Authors: Gerling Lars , Weber Tobias K.D. , Reineke Daniela , Durner Wolfgang , Martin Sabrina , Weber Stephan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum, fluxes of water, energy, and carbon determine the water and carbon balance of peat bogs. We used eddy covariance (EC) measurements to study surface atmosphere exchange and its drivers above an ombrotrophic peat bog (Odersprungmoor) in the Harz Mountains, Germany, with nonideal measurement conditions during the growing season in 2013. For montane peatlands, only very few EC flux measurements exist due to site constraints, for example, surface slope, limited fetch, and frequent dew formation on open path sensors. The measured data were carefully filtered resulting in valid and representative fluxes for the bog. The evapotranspiration (ET) was further characterized by determining the adjusted crop coefficient (Kc*) for July and August and comparing it with Kc* values from 7 years of the FLUXNET site Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, Canada. While soil moisture was taken into consideration, the adjustment was nevertheless necessary as plant health and nutrient supply were not evaluated as required by FAO guidelines. Actual ET at OM was well described by the Kc* model (Kc* = 0.85, R2 = 0.85). The primary control on ET was available energy and atmospheric conditions and, marginally, the soil moisture conditions. This Kc* value is comparable to the calculated Kc* values for MB, which ranged between 0.82 and 0.86 (R2 between 0.84 and 0.97). Since these Kc* ranges are narrow for the different sites and years, we hypothesize that these values are good estimates for the true crop coefficients of Sphagnum‐dominated peat bogs.
A Glucose Selective Non‐enzymatic Potentiometric Chitosan‐Goldnanoparticle Nanocomposite Sensor Based on Boronic Acid‐Diol Recognition
Authors: Çelik Filiz , Çiftçi Hakan , Tamer Uğur 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA new non‐enzymatic glucose sensor based gold nanoparticle (AuNp)‐chitosan (Ch/AuNp) was developed in this study. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by using the green synthesis method, in which chitosan is used as both reducing and stabilizing agent. Gold nanoparticle surfaces were modified with different molecular agents (4‐mercaptophenyl boronic acid,MPB, and 1‐decanethiol,DT) being sensitive to glucose. Modified gold nanoparticles were immobilized to electrode surfaces and used for the glucose measurements by the potentiometric method. The best working conditions were determined for the glucose measurements. It was found that linear working range is 0.5–30 mM, while limit of detection is 0.3 mM for the glucose measurement of the prepared non‐enzymatic sensor. It was stated that the prepared sensor could be used at least 6 times and glucose response decreased approximately 10.97 % when it is waited for 30 days. Interference effect of some molecules for glucose measurement was investigated and usability of developed sensor was tested in human blood serum.
Stripe‐shaped Electrochemical Biosensor for Organophosphate Pesticide
Authors: Celebanska Anna , Jedraszko Justyna , Lesniewski Adam , Jubete Elena , Opallo Marcin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDetection of organophosphate pesticides is indispensable to improve the quality of the water and therefore required by the European Union law. Here, we propose a novel architecture of a pesticide biosensor where the enzyme and the electrode are placed into neighboring zones in the stripe form. This separation permits to use the optimal conditions for their immobilization resulting in undisrupted mechanical stability of the biosensor. The enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, generates thiocholine which is further oxidized at the carbon nanoparticles film electrode, exhibiting high electrocatalytic activity. The whole device was tested as a biosensor for malaoxon employing a wild or recombinant acetylcholinesterase. The latter allowed for incubation time decrease down to 10 minutes and lowered the detection limit to 0.25 nM. Moreover, the encapsulated enzyme activity was visualised by a scanning electrochemical microscopy.
Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen Catalyzed by Porous Carbon Containing Trace Amount of Metal Residues
Authors: Feng Xin , Dong Xiaomei , Zhang Qingcheng , Cui Cuixia , Zhang JingJing , Chen Zhen , Wu Changmi , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Wang Jichang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study carbon materials with a hierarchical pore structure have been fabricated through a scalable and template free solvothermal method in the presence of metal catalysts, where the presence of metal catalysts was found to be essential for the initial polymerization process. The as‐prepared carbon contained trace amounts of metal residues and exhibited highly efficient catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Among all the metal catalysts studied, cobalt containing porous carbon exhibited the highest ORR electrocatalytic activity with great tolerance to methanol crossover and excellent long‐term cycling stability, outperforming the commercial 30 % (w/w) Pt/C catalysts. The great performance may be contributed to the unique porous structure, the large specific surface area of cobalt‐doped carbon and chemical activity of cobalt. The result provides useful guidance for the development of carbon‐based electrocatalysts.
The Effect of Metal Components in the Quaternary Electrocatalysts on the Morphology and Catalytic Performance of Transition Metal Phosphides
Authors: Cao Qiao , Gu Wenling , Li Jing , Wang Erkang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDevelopment of low‐cost, earth‐abundant alternative electrocatalysts to platinum catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great significance. Some multimetallic transition metal phosphides have been synthesized recently. However, the impacts of metal components on the morphology and performance of catalyst were less discussed. In this communication, taking the quaternary phosphides CoxNiyMnzP (x+y+z=1) grown on carbon cloth (CC) as an example, the influence of proportion of metals in catalysts on the morphology and HER performance was investigated in detail. The results indicated that When x/y/z=6/1/1(Co0.75Ni0.125Mn0.125P), a nanowire morphology was grown on CC with the optimal HER performance, which had a Tafel slope of 48.87 mV/dec and needed 137 and 190 mV to realize a current density of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, the electrocatalysts exhibited an excellent long‐term electrochemical durability for at least 12.5 h.
Critical Effect of Film Thickness on Preconcentration Electroanalysis with Oriented Mesoporous Silica Modified Electrodes
Authors: Nasir Tauqir , Vodolazkaya Natalya A. , Herzog Grégoire , Walcarius Alain 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectrogenerated silica thin films exhibiting a regular hexagonal packing of vertically‐aligned mesopore channels are promising for preconcentration electroanalysis. This work demonstrates the critical role of film thickness on their sensing performance using paraquat as a model analyte, based on mesoporous silica films prepared by electrochemically assisted self‐assembly performed for various deposition times. Films prepared with too short synthesis times (<10 s) led to deposits covering partially the electrode surface and suffered from rather poor sensing performance. Then, uniformly deposited films were obtained (between 10 and 15 s), and sensitivity rose up by increasing deposition times, whereas some limitations started to occur with much thicker films (>15 s deposition times) as a result of less electrochemically accessible paraquat accumulated far away from the electrode surface and restricted mass transport through the whole film thickness. These limitations were also confirmed on the basis of multi‐layered mesoporous silica films, suggesting a behavior that might be typical for other types of film‐modified electrodes.
Identifying and confirming demotivating factors for village health workers in rural communities of Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Dolley , Tejativaddhana Phudit , Siripornpibul Taweesak , Cruickshank Mary , Briggs David 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundBhutan achieved over 95% of health coverage through its primary health care network and geared towards achieving and ensuring Universal Health Coverage. About 62.2% of the Bhutanese people are rural dwellers, living in villages. Village health workers (VHWs) are essential for primary health care delivery at the community level in order to bridge the gap between the health care system and the communities. However, increasing numbers of VHWs leaving the health care system remain a challenge for Bhutan. This study intends to find existing problems of motivation and retention among VHWs in Bhutan and to devise appropriate strategies for making effective policy interventions.MethodsThis quantitative study with a cross‐sectional survey design aims to determine demotivating factors. One stage cluster sampling technique was applied for VHWs from 12 districts in three regions. Data were collected by the trained enumerators using a pre‐tested semi‐structured questionnaire.ResultsThe Confirmatory factor analysis identified and confirmed a four‐factor model of demotivation among VHWs in Bhutan. Among the four factors, the social factor was the main factor for VHWs leaving the health care system. However, the holistic combination of both financial and non‐financial motivator needs to be taken into consideration. The content analysis revealed six areas of recommendation for improving motivation and retention among VHWs.ConclusionThe study concluded that managers and policymakers must give more emphasis to non‐financial motivators through the holistic approach to existing altruism and intrinsic needs.
Witches, fire, and fairies: Parent–child conversations during fantastic and real emotionally charged stories
Authors: Carrick Nathalie , Sawaya Stephanie , Palisoc Jennifer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPreschoolers' fantasy–reality distinctions vary by the emotional content of the information; they report that happy and sad fantastic or real events can occur more often than frightening events. Given that children rely on parents' testimony when evaluating information, the present study examined the role parents play in children's fantasy–reality distinctions for emotionally charged events. Fifty‐nine parents and their 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds read happy, frightening, and sad stories that contained either fantastic or real events. Conversations during the readings were coded and analysed for patterns across story conditions. Findings reveal that topics of conversations differed significantly by discrete emotion and at times by reality status. Parents and children engaged with happy and sad events (e.g., by relating events to children's lives and helping the story characters) and distanced themselves from frightening events (e.g., by ameliorating the situation and switching negative tone to positive). Findings provide new insights into how parents talk to children about emotionally charged fantasy and reality that contribute to our understanding of how children construct their understanding of real and unreal information.Highlights

The study examined parent–child conversations about happy, frightening, and sad fantastic and real events.
While reading stories, parents and children interacted with the happy and sad events and distanced themselves from the frightening events.
Conversations about fantasy and reality may influence children's fantasy–reality distinctions.
polyMOF Formation from Kinked Polymer Ligands via ortho‐Substitution
Authors: Palomba Joseph M. , Ayala Sergio , Cohen Seth M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractReticular chemistry is an important tool in the crystal engineering of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). Isoreticular chemistry allows for the preparation of MOFs of the same topology from ligands with related geometries. In this work, reticular chemistry is used to explore the scope of polyMOFs, which are frameworks synthesized from polymer ligands. “Linked” ortho‐substituted benzene dicarboxylate polymer ligands with varying length alkyl spacers were used to synthesize polyMOFs and elucidate the effects of polymer architecture on resulting crystal formation. It was found that these “kinked” polymer ligands were able to form polyIRMOF architectures, but did not readily form polyUiO‐66 topologies.
Long‐term efficacy follow‐up of tension‐free vaginal tape obturator in patients with stress urinary incontinence with or without cystocele
Authors: Bakas Panagiotis , Papadakis Emmalouel , Karachalios Charalampos , Beta Anastasia , Liapis Angelos 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the long‐term outcomes of tension‐free vaginal tape obturator (inside‐out) (TVTO) with or without anterior colporrhaphy.MethodsThe present prospective follow‐up observational study included patients attending the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Greece, between April 3 and December 20, 2017, for follow‐up care after treatment for urodynamic stress urinary incontinence (USUI) with or without cystocele. Patients without cystocele had been treated with TVTO only; those with cystocele underwent TVTO with anterior colporrhaphy. The primary outcome was the objective cure rate assessed by the cough stress test during filling cystometry.ResultsFollow‐up data were available for 70 patients who underwent TVTO only and 38 who underwent TVTO and anterior colporrhaphy. The mean follow‐up period was 13 years. Objective cure was achieved for 57 (81%) patients in the TVTO‐only group and 32 (84%) patients in the TVTO and anterior colporrhaphy group. Regarding cystocele management, objective cure was recorded for 35 (92%) patients.ConclusionAt 13‐year follow‐up, anterior colporrhaphy demonstrated a cure rate of 92% in the management of cystocele, and 84% in the management of cystocele and USUI when combined with TVTO. TVTO alone for the management of USUI had an objective cure rate of 81%.
Adult attachment as a predictor and moderator of psychotherapy outcome: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Levy Kenneth N. , Kivity Yogev , Johnson Benjamin N. , Gooch Caroline V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBowlby’s attachment theory describes characteristic patterns of relating to close others and has important implications for psychotherapy. Attachment patterns have been characterized as secure (healthy interdependence with others), anxious (overdependence on others), and avoidant (difficulty relying on others). We update a previous meta‐analysis to determine the association of patient attachment with psychotherapy outcome. Meta‐analysis of 36 studies (3,158 patients) suggested that patients with secure attachment pretreatment show better psychotherapy outcome than insecurely attached patients. Further, improvements in attachment security during therapy may coincide with better treatment outcome. Finally, preliminary moderator analyses suggest that those who experience low pretreatment attachment security may find better treatment outcome in therapy that incorporates a focus on interpersonal interactions and close relationships. The article closes with research limitations, diversity considerations, and therapeutic practices.