bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switch-like enhancement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by YAP through feedback regulation of WT1 and Rho-family GTPases
Authors: Park JinSeok , Kim Deok-Ho , Shah Sagar R. , Kim Hong-Nam , Kshitiz  , Kim Peter , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Levchenko Andre 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCollective cell migration occurs in many patho-physiological states, including wound healing and invasive cancer growth. The integrity of the expanding epithelial sheets depends on extracellular cues, including cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. We show that the nano-scale topography of the extracellular matrix underlying epithelial cell layers can strongly affect the speed and morphology of the fronts of the expanding sheet, triggering partial and complete epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs). We further demonstrate that this behavior depends on the mechano-sensitivity of the transcription regulator YAP and two new YAP-mediated cross-regulating feedback mechanisms: Wilms Tumor-1-YAP-mediated downregulation of E-cadherin, loosening cell-cell contacts, and YAP-TRIO-Merlin mediated regulation of Rho GTPase family proteins, enhancing cell migration. These YAP-dependent feedback loops result in a switch-like change in the signaling and the expression of EMT-related markers, leading to a robust enhancement in invasive cell spread, which may lead to a worsened clinical outcome in renal and other cancers.
Petroleum exploration increases methane emissions from northern peatlands
Authors: Strack Maria , Hayne Shari , Lovitt Julie , McDermid Gregory J. , Rahman Mir Mustafizur , Saraswati Saraswati , Xu Bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPeatlands are globally significant sources of atmospheric methane (CH4). In the northern hemisphere, extensive geologic exploration activities have occurred to map petroleum deposits. In peatlands, these activities result in soil compaction and wetter conditions, changes that are likely to enhance CH4emissions. To date, this effect has not been quantified. Here we map petroleum exploration disturbances on peatlands in Alberta, Canada, where peatlands and oil deposits are widespread. We then estimate induced CH4emissions. By our calculations, at least 1900 km2of peatland have been affected, increasing CH4emissions by 4.4–5.1 kt CH4 yr−1above undisturbed conditions. Not currently estimated in Canada’s national reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, inclusion would increase current emissions from land use, land use change and forestry by 7–8%. However, uncertainty remains large. Research further investigating effects of petroleum exploration on peatland GHG fluxes will allow appropriate consideration of these emissions in future peatland management.
Transparent and tough bulk composites inspired by nacre
Authors: Magrini Tommaso , Bouville Florian , Lauria Alessandro , Le Ferrand Hortense , Niebel Tobias P. , Studart André R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMaterials combining optical transparency and mechanical strength are highly demanded for electronic displays, structural windows and in the arts, but the oxide-based glasses currently used in most of these applications suffer from brittle fracture and low crack tolerance. We report a simple approach to fabricate bulk transparent materials with a nacre-like architecture that can effectively arrest the propagation of cracks during fracture. Mechanical characterization shows that our glass-based composites exceed up to a factor of 3 the fracture toughness of common glasses, while keeping flexural strengths comparable to transparent polymers, silica- and soda-lime glasses. Due to the presence of stiff reinforcing platelets, the hardness of the obtained composites is an order of magnitude higher than that of transparent polymers. By implementing biological design principles into glass-based materials at the microscale, our approach opens a promising new avenue for the manufacturing of structural materials combining antagonistic functional properties.
Provenance of uranium particulate contained within Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 ejecta material
Authors: Martin Peter G. , Louvel Marion , Cipiccia Silvia , Jones Christopher P. , Batey Darren J. , Hallam Keith R. , Yang Ian A. X. , Satou Yukihiko , Rau Christoph , Mosselmans J. Fred W. , Richards David A. , Scott Thomas B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHere we report the results of multiple analytical techniques on sub-mm particulate material derived from Unit 1 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant to provide a better understanding of the events that occurred and the environmental legacy. Through combined x-ray fluorescence and absorption contrast micro-focused x-ray tomography, entrapped U particulate are observed to exist around the exterior circumference of the highly porous Si-based particle. Further synchrotron radiation analysis of a number of these entrapped particles shows them to exist as UO2—identical to reactor fuel, with confirmation of their nuclear origin shown via mass spectrometry analysis. While unlikely to represent an environmental or health hazard, such assertions would likely change should break-up of the Si-containing bulk particle occur. However, more important to the long-term decommissioning of the reactors at the FDNPP (and environmental clean-upon), is the knowledge that core integrity of reactor Unit 1 was compromised with nuclear material existing outside of the reactors primary containment.
Variational quantum state diagonalization
Authors: LaRose Ryan , Tikku Arkin , O’Neel-Judy Étude , Cincio Lukasz , Coles Patrick J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVariational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms are promising candidates for near-term implementation on quantum computers. In these algorithms, a quantum computer evaluates the cost of a gate sequence (with speedup over classical cost evaluation), and a classical computer uses this information to adjust the parameters of the gate sequence. Here we present such an algorithm for quantum state diagonalization. State diagonalization has applications in condensed matter physics (e.g., entanglement spectroscopy) as well as in machine learning (e.g., principal component analysis). For a quantum state ρ and gate sequence U, our cost function quantifies how far $$U\rho U^\dagger$$

U
ρ

U

†

is from being diagonal. We introduce short-depth quantum circuits to quantify our cost. Minimizing this cost returns a gate sequence that approximately diagonalizes ρ. One can then read out approximations of the largest eigenvalues, and the associated eigenvectors, of ρ. As a proof-of-principle, we implement our algorithm on Rigetti’s quantum computer to diagonalize one-qubit states and on a simulator to find the entanglement spectrum of the Heisenberg model ground state.
A new desert-dwelling dinosaur (Theropoda, Noasaurinae) from the Cretaceous of south Brazil
Authors: Langer Max Cardoso , Martins Neurides de Oliveira , Manzig Paulo César , Ferreira Gabriel de Souza , Marsola Júlio César de Almeida , Fortes Edison , Lima Rosana , Sant’ana Lucas Cesar Frediani , Vidal Luciano da Silva , Lorençato Rosangela Honório da Silva , Ezcurra Martín Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNoasaurines form an enigmatic group of small-bodied predatory theropod dinosaurs known from the Late Cretaceous of Gondwana. They are relatively rare, with notable records in Argentina and Madagascar, and possible remains reported for Brazil, India, and continental Africa. In south-central Brazil, the deposits of the Bauru Basin have yielded a rich tetrapod fauna, which is concentrated in the Bauru Group. The mainly aeolian deposits of the Caiuá Group, on the contrary, bear a scarce fossil record composed only of lizards, turtles, and pterosaurs. Here, we describe the first dinosaur of the Caiuá Group, which also represents the best-preserved theropod of the entire Bauru Basin known to date. The recovered skeletal parts (vertebrae, girdles, limbs, and scarce cranial elements) show that the new taxon was just over 1 m long, with a unique anatomy among theropods. The shafts of its metatarsals II and IV are very lateromedially compressed, as are the blade-like ungual phalanges of the respective digits. This implies that the new taxon could have been functionally monodactyl, with a main central weight-bearing digit, flanked by neighbouring elements positioned very close to digit III or even held free of the ground. Such anatomical adaptation is formerly unrecorded among archosaurs, but has been previously inferred from footprints of the same stratigraphic unit that yielded the new dinosaur. A phylogenetic analysis nests the new taxon within the Noasaurinae clade, which is unresolved because of the multiple alternative positions that Noasaurus leali can acquire in the optimal trees. The exclusion of the latter form results in positioning the new dinosaur as the sister-taxon of the Argentinean Velocisaurus unicus.
Effect of NIR laser therapy by MLS-MiS source against neuropathic pain in rats: in vivo and ex vivo analysis
Authors: Micheli Laura , Cialdai Francesca , Pacini Alessandra , Branca Jacopo Junio Valerio , Morbidelli Lucia , Ciccone Valerio , Lucarini Elena , Ghelardini Carla , Monici Monica , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeuropathic pain is characterized by an uncertain etiology and by a poor response to common therapies. The ineffectiveness and the frequent side effects of the drugs used to counteract neuropathic pain call for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. Laser therapy proved to be effective for reducing pain sensitivity thus improving the quality of life. However, its application parameters and efficacy in chronic pain must be further analyzed. We investigated the pain relieving and protective effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy in a rat model of compressive mononeuropathy induced by Chronic Constriction Injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI). Laser (MLS-MiS) applications started 7 days after surgery and were performed ten times over a three week period showing a reduction in mechanical hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain that started from the first laser treatment until the end of the experiment. The ex vivo analysis highlighted the protective role of laser through the myelin sheath recovery in the sciatic nerve, inhibition of iNOS expression and enhancement of EAAT-2 levels in the spinal cord. In conclusion, this study supports laser treatment as a future therapeutic strategy in patients suffering from neuropathic pain induced by trauma.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequencing provides insights into the Manila strain and drug-resistance mutations in the Philippines
Authors: Phelan Jody E. , Lim Dodge R. , Mitarai Satoshi , de Sessions Paola Florez , Tujan Ma. Angelica A. , Reyes Lorenzo T. , Medado Inez Andrea P. , Palparan Alma G. , Naim Ahmad Nazri Mohamed , Jie Song , Segubre-Mercado Edelwisa , Simoes Beatriz , Campino Susana , Hafalla Julius C. , Murase Yoshiro , Morishige Yuta , Hibberd Martin L. , Kato Seiya , Ama Ma. Cecilia G. , Clark Taane G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Philippines has a high incidence of tuberculosis disease (TB), with an increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains making its control difficult. Although the M. tuberculosis “Manila” ancient lineage 1 strain-type is thought to be prevalent in the country, with evidence of export to others, little is known about the genetic diversity of circulating strains. By whole genome sequencing (WGS) 178 isolates from the Philippines National Drug Resistance Survey, we found the majority (143/178; 80.3%) belonged to the lineage 1 Manila clade, with the minority belonging to lineages 4 (European-American; n = 33) and 2 (East Asian; n = 2). A high proportion were found to be multidrug-resistant (34/178; 19.1%), established through highly concordant laboratory drug susceptibility testing and in silico prediction methods. Some MDR-TB isolates had near identical genomic variation, providing potential evidence of transmission. By placing the Philippine isolates within a phylogeny of global M. tuberculosis (n > 17,000), we established that they are genetically similar to those observed outside the country, including a clade of Manila-like strain-types in Thailand. An analysis of the phylogeny revealed a set of ~200 SNPs that are specific for the Manila strain-type, and a subset can be used within a molecular barcode. Sixty-eight mutations known to be associated with 10 anti-TB drug resistance were identified in the Philippine strains, and all have been observed in other populations. Whilst nine putative streptomycin resistance conferring markers in gid (8) and rrs (1) genes appear to be novel and with functional consequences. Overall, this study provides an important baseline characterisation of M. tuberculosis genetic diversity for the Philippines, and will fill a gap in global datasets and aid the development of a nation-wide database for epidemiological studies and clinical decision making. Further, by establishing a molecular barcode for detecting Manila strains it will assist with the design of diagnostic tools for disease control activities.
Cohesive and anisotropic vascular endothelial cell motility driving angiogenic morphogenesis
Authors: Takubo Naoko , Yura Fumitaka , Naemura Kazuaki , Yoshida Ryo , Tokunaga Terumasa , Tokihiro Tetsuji , Kurihara Hiroki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVascular endothelial cells (ECs) in angiogenesis exhibit inhomogeneous collective migration called “cell mixing”, in which cells change their relative positions by overtaking each other. However, how such complex EC dynamics lead to the formation of highly ordered branching structures remains largely unknown. To uncover hidden laws of integration driving angiogenic morphogenesis, we analyzed EC behaviors in an in vitro angiogenic sprouting assay using mouse aortic explants in combination with mathematical modeling. Time-lapse imaging of sprouts extended from EC sheets around tissue explants showed directional cohesive EC movements with frequent U-turns, which often coupled with tip cell overtaking. Imaging of isolated branches deprived of basal cell sheets revealed a requirement of a constant supply of immigrating cells for ECs to branch forward. Anisotropic attractive forces between neighboring cells passing each other were likely to underlie these EC motility patterns, as evidenced by an experimentally validated mathematical model. These results suggest that cohesive movements with anisotropic cell-to-cell interactions characterize the EC motility, which may drive branch elongation depending on a constant cell supply. The present findings provide novel insights into a cell motility-based understanding of angiogenic morphogenesis.
Socio-economic predictors of environmental performance among African nations
Authors: Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Di Minin Enrico 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSocio-economic changes in Africa have increased pressure on the continent’s ecosystems. Most research investigating environmental change has focused on the changing status of specific species or communities and protected areas, but has largely neglected the broad-scale socio-economic conditions underlying environmental degradation. We tested national-scale hypotheses regarding the socio-economic predictors of ecosystem change and degradation across Africa, hypothesizing that human density and economic development increase the likelihood of cumulative environmental damage. Our combined environmental performance rank includes national ecological footprint, proportional species threat, recent deforestation, freshwater removal, livestock density, cropland coverage, and per capita emissions. Countries like Central African Republic, Botswana, Namibia, and Congo have the best relative environmental performance overall. Structural equation models indicate that increasing population density and overall economic activity (per capita gross domestic product corrected for purchasing-power parity) are the most strongly correlated with greater environmental degradation, while greater wealth inequality (Gini index) correlates with better environmental performance. This represents the first Africa-scale assessment of the socio-economic correlates of environmental degradation, and suggests that dedicated family planning to reduce population growth, and economic development that limits agricultural expansion (cf. intensification) are needed to support environmental sustainability.
Cost-effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP compared with device-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted ERCP in patients with Roux-en-Y anatomy
Authors: James Hailey J. , James Theodore W. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Spencer Jennifer C. , Baron Todd H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is the second most common weight loss surgery in the United States. Treatment of pancreaticobiliary disease in this patient population is challenging due to the altered anatomy, which limits the use of standard instruments and techniques. Both nonoperative and operative modalities are available to overcome these limitations, including device-assisted (DAE) endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), laparoscopic-assisted (LA) ERCP, and endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE). The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of ERCP-based modalities for treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases in post-RYGB patients.
Methods A decision tree model with a 1-year time horizon was used to analyze the cost-effectiveness of EDGE, DAE-ERCP, and LA-ERCP in post-RYGB patients. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess a plausible range of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, net monetary benefit calculations, and a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve. One-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were also performed to assess how changes in key parameters affected model conclusions.
Results EDGE resulted in the lowest total costs and highest total quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) for a total of $5188/QALY, making it the dominant alternative compared with DAE-ERCP and LA-ERCP. In probabilistic analyses, EDGE was the most cost-effective modality compared with LA-ERCP and DAE-ERCP in 94.4 % and 97.1 % of simulations, respectively.
Conclusion EDGE was the most cost-effective modality in post-RYGB anatomy for treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases compared with DAE-ERCP and LA-ERCP. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that this conclusion was robust to changes in important model parameters.
Pedagogical Evaluation of Digital Technology to Enhance Dental Student Learning
Authors: Inquimbert Camille , Tramini Paul , Romieu Olivier , Giraudeau Nicolas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective A large number of digital tools supporting students have emerged over recent years which are encouraged in tutoring. A study conducted at the University of Montpellier (France) among 3rd, 4th, and 5th year dentistry students aimed primarily to identify the type of pedagogical support the students preferred according to their discipline. The secondary aim was to evaluate the student satisfaction after establishing a new pedagogical support.
Materials and Methods A total of 165 questionnaires were completed. The main questions concerned pedagogical use of information technology and multimedia tools, choice of dentistry disciplines most justifying their use, and pedagogical gaps in these disciplines. Next, a program of pedagogical videos was developed for the most corresponding discipline. A satisfaction survey was finally conducted.
Results Nearly 95.7% of students found online classes and E-learning via the virtual learning environment useful, with the most requested type being video. Demand was stronger in conservative dentistry and endodontics (27%), prosthetics (19%), and periodontology (18%). The most apprehended disciplines were endodontics in the 3rd year, endodontics and prosthetics in the 4th year, and prosthetics in the 5th year. Regarding satisfaction, 100% of students appreciated these videos and 99.4% considered they fulfilled expectations.
Conclusion All students requested videos, especially for clinical subjects such as endodontics. With digital technology, our world is experiencing a technological revolution resulting in many daily life changes. With students evolving in a digitally saturated society, our ways of learning and teaching need rethinking. Digital technology can help improve learning effectiveness and develop pedagogical practices more adapted to today's students.
Modulating troubles affiliating in initial interactions
Authors: Flint Natalie , Haugh Michael , Merrison Andrew John 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMuch of the research on affiliation to date has focused on how peopledo(dis)affiliation. This paper explores the remedial work thatfollowsinstances of disaffiliation between interactants who are getting acquainted. Building on an interactional pragmatics analytical approach informed by methods and research in conversation analysis, findings indicate that extended remedial accounts recurrently follow moments of disaffiliation in initial interactions. These remedial accounts enable participants to reposition a prior disaffiliative stance as (ostensibly) affiliative. It appears in initial interactions, then, that remedial accounts play an important role in modulating troubles in affiliating. We propose that the considerable interactional work undertaken by these participants to modulate such troubles reflects a general preference for agreeability in initial interactions, at least amongst (Australian and British) speakers of English.
The politics of translation in the press
Authors: Lovett Dustin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTranslations and translation reviews played a major part in furthering the political program of leftwing periodicals in Weimar Germany. However, this remains a relative blind spot in media studies of the period. By exploring the use of translations and their review for political ends in three major Weimar cultural periodicals and undertaking a specific examination of Siegfried Kracauer’s translation reviews, this article illustrates the ways in which both translations and their reviews were employed, directly and indirectly, as instruments of political polemic and ideological mediation.
Novel approach for fabrication and characterisation of porosity-graded material
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Yang , Liang Chaoping , Ma Yunzhu , Liu Wensheng , Yang Yuling , Cai Qingshan , Tang Siwei 
Published: June 2019

A novel continuously graded material that is based on a porosity-graded structure was successfully synthesised via a cold pressing-vacuum sintering-dissolution process (SDP) of powder metallurgy technology. Microscopic observations and the Archimedes method were used to confirm the newly synthesised porosity-graded material, the mechanical properties and the modulus. The results show that the density continuously increased from 1.4 to 2.7 g cm−3, and there was no obvious interfacial transition layer. In addition, the hardness and elastic modulus were obtained from nanoindentation tests and display a stepwise feature along the gradient direction. Moreover, we found that the fractography changes from typical ductile fracture to ductile and cleavage fracture with an increase in the porosity. Highlights A porosity graded material has been successfully synthesised by powder metallurgy. The density continuously transit from 1.4 to 2.7 g cm−3, and it has no obvious interfacial transition layer. The stepwise feature of density and modulus shows great potential in the shields of spacecrafts. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT