bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalidade e a Busca da Comunidade Ideal em Maria da Fé, MG, Brasil
Authors: Leandro Andréa Márcia Gonçalves , Bastos Sênia Regina 
Published: August 2019

Esse artigo tem por objetivo analisar o encontro dos outsiders, sejam estes migrantes ou turistas, com a comunidade de acolhimento no contexto dos movimentos migratórios. O marco temporal inicial corresponde ao início da crise da batata e a intensificação da chegada de migrantes e turistas. Os primeiros, atraídos pelo barateamento das terras e pela agricultura natural no município de Maria da Fé-MG; os turistas, pelas baixas temperaturas, que deram à cidade o status de destino indutor de turismo localizado na Serra da Mantiqueira. A metodologia escolhida para esse estudo é a história oral, entretanto observação direta e pesquisa bibliográfica complementam o corpus da pesquisa. Ao empreenderem o deslocamento, os outsiders têm em mente a comunidade ideal, onde imaginam que obterão segurança e serão imediatamente acolhidos. No entanto, no momento do encontro com o grupo estabelecido percebem a distância entre a comunidade ideal e a comunidade real. A definição de comunidade como círculo aconchegante revela identidade com as motivações dos movimentos migratórios em Maria da Fé, porque, de certa forma, esse lugar se afigura como um locus ideológico. Muito acima das belezas naturais e das facilidades da vida na cidade pequena está a questão social, o “estar em comunidade” relativo ao processo de integração que faz mitigar o sentimento de acolhimento para alguns.
Avaliação do conhecimento dos médicos da atenção primária sobre rastreamento de câncer colorretal em um município de Sergipe
Authors: Custódio Mayara da Silva , Anjos Anderson Santos Dos , Santos Debora do Nascimento , Xavier Fernando Every Belo , Silva Ana Maria Fantini 
Published: August 2019

Modelo do estudo: Estudo observacional transversal.
Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos médicos prestadores de serviço na Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Lagarto, Sergipe, sobre o rastreamento das neoplasias colorretais.
Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo e qualitativo transversal, realizado com médicos atuantes na Atenção Primária do município de Lagarto, Sergipe.
Resultados: Vinte e cinco médicos (92,5%) responderam ao questionário. A maioria deles (76%) informou possuir conhecimento necessário para realização do rastreamento do câncer colorretal (CCR). Ao serem questionados, porém, sobre a idade para início do rastreio, apenas 60% relataram que deve ser aos 50 anos, assim como preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Dezessete (68%) afirmaram que não há limite de idade para encerrar o rastreamento. Entre os motivos justificados para a não realização do rastreio, 50% responderam que não o faz porque o paciente não aceita; 33,33%, por não ter os exames disponíveis no sistema; e 16,66%, por não possuir conhecimento para conduta. A pesquisa de sangue oculto nas fezes (PSOF) foi escolhida por 92% dos médicos e a colonoscopia por 60% deles. Em relação à periodicidade, enquanto 72% informaram de forma assertiva que a PSOF deve ser realizada anualmente, apenas 36% relataram que a retossigmoidoscopia deve ser realizada a cada 5 anos.
Conclusão: Apesar de a maioria dos médicos inseridos na Atenção Primária do município de Lagarto acreditar possuir o conhecimento necessário para realização do rastreamento do câncer colorretal, observou-se significativa inconformidade em relação às respostas sobre faixa etária alvo e métodos de rastreio quando comparadas ao que a Organização Mundial de Saúde e o Instituto Nacional do Câncer preconizam. A ausência de uma política de saúde pública de prevenção, associada à falta de programas de formação e reciclagem dos profissionais sobre prevenção de câncer colorretal, podem impactar diretamente na manutenção dos altos índices de mortalidade por esta neoplasia.
As utopias urbanas ao longo da história
Authors: Lage Selena Duarte Lage e 
Published: August 2019

As primeiras utopias relativas aos espaços urbanos datam do século XV. Desde então, muitas foram as utopias urbanas elaboradas ao longo dos séculos, mas a Pós-Modernidade parece ter provocado a morte das ideias utópicas no Urbanismo. Entretanto, se tomarmos de empréstimo a concepção de “utopia” defendida por Ernst Bloch, podemos considerar o movimento social-urbano “Cidade que Queremos BH” como exemplo de utopia urbana contemporânea. Trata-se de uma utopia que não está apenas no futuro, mas, principalmente, no presente, entendido como única temporalidade detentora das possibilidades de transformação do porvir.
Oficinas e depósitos ferroviários: identificação e análise de algumas companhias férreas paulistas (1867-1930)
Authors: Silva Tainá Maria , Oliveira Eduardo Romero 
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo identificar e analisar características materiais das oficinas ferroviárias construídas no estado de São Paulo no período entre 1860 e 1930. A pesquisa se justifica pela importância desse tipo de edificação e pela grande lacuna de estudos nacionais em relação à arquitetura industrial, principalmente relacionados às oficinas ferroviárias. Para o levantamento, foram priorizadas as companhias de maior relevância econômica e as que dispunham de maior número de documentação. Foram consultados relatórios administrativos de algumas companhias férreas paulistas a fim de identificar a localização de suas oficinas e tratados ferroviários do século XIX para compreender alguns aspectos da espacialização das oficinas e bibliografia nacional especializada em arquitetura industrial e ferroviária. Este trabalho resultou em um mapa de localização das oficinas encontradas, através do qual foi possível identificar questões referentes à implantação, composição arquitetônica, materiais e alguns fornecedores estrangeiros.
Marine Plastic Pollution in Asia: All Hands on Deck!
Authors: Garcia Beatriz , Fang Mandy Meng , Lin Jolene 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Marine plastics pollution (MPP) is an alarming problem affecting many countries, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, and generated mostly from land-based sources. Five Asian countries (i.e. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Sri Lanka) have been identified as the largest sources of MPP globally. This article presents two cases studies focused on the two largest polluters: China and Indonesia. Both countries face similar challenges in dealing with plastic pollution. They have weak legal and institutional frameworks in place to deal with MPP. The two case studies also show that there have been more creative and effective measures taken at the domestic level by local governments and non-state actors, many of which involve partnerships among different stakeholders. This article argues that governance efforts to address MPP require an ‘all hands-on deck’ approach, involving multi-level and multi-actor strategies and targeted regulatory and non-regulatory measures. However, our findings also suggest that most efforts should be directed at the subnational level, from which the problem mainly originates. This article proposes a number of legal and policy recommendations, based on the lessons learned from the case studies, which can be instrumental in reducing the global MPP crisis.
Protection of the Environment and Natural Resources during Armed Conflicts in Africa
Authors: Addaney Michael , Nyarko Michael Gyan , Boshoff Elsabe 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Scarce environmental and natural resources, such as minerals and water, are traditional origins of armed conflicts in Africa. There are persuasive and wide-ranging claims to the effect that environmental degradation will intensify resource scarcity and consequently contribute to an increase in armed conflict. Existing studies show that most governments in Africa overexploit valuable natural resources such as diamonds, oil and timber to finance war, without regard to environmental protection. Environmental protection during armed conflict has therefore gradually gained significant attention at international, national and regional levels. This article explores how regional laws could fill gaps in the international legal frameworks for the protection of the environment and natural resources in the context of armed conflicts in Africa. It considers the extent to which the enforceable content of regional and international norms apply to environmental damage in times of armed conflict and assesses the main shortcomings of existing normative frameworks to make a case for reform. The article argues that regional law (the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) offers strong and direct protection to the natural environment during armed conflict and requires a lower threshold for its application as compared with the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions. It concludes by providing recommendations on finding durable solutions to protection of the environment during resource-fuelled armed conflict in Africa.
An Atheist Perspective on Self-Esteem and Meaning Making while under Death Awareness
Authors: Coleman Thomas J. , Sevinç Kenan , Hood Ralph W. , Jong Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In accordance with Terror Management Theory research, secular beliefs can serve an important role for mitigating existential concerns by providing atheists with a method to attain personal meaning and bolster self-esteem. Although much research has suggested that religious beliefs are powerful defense mechanisms, these effects are limited or reveal more nuanced effects when attempting to explain atheists’ (non)belief structures. The possibility of nonbelief that provides meaning in the “here and now” is reinforced by the importance placed on scientific discovery, education, and social activism by many atheists. Thus, these values and ideologies can, and do, allow for empirically testable claims within a Terror Management framework. Although religious individuals can and largely do use religion as a defense strategy against existential concerns, purely secular ideologies are more effective for atheists providing evidence for a hierarchical approach and individual differences within worldview defenses. Evidence for and implications of these arguments are discussed.
Comparison of Tibial and Talar Bone Density in Patients Undergoing Total Ankle Replacement vs Non–Ankle Arthritis Matched Controls
Authors: Harnroongroj Thos , Volpert Lauren G. , Ellis Scott J. , Sofka Carolyn M. , Deland Jonathan T. , Demetracopoulos Constantine A. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Bone quality in the distal tibia and talus is an important factor contributing to initial component stability in total ankle replacement (TAR). However, the effect of ankle arthritis on bone density in the tibia and talus remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare bone density of tibia and talus in arthritic and nonarthritic ankles as a function of distance from ankle joint. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 93 end-stage ankle arthritis patients who had preoperative nonweightbearing ankle computed tomography (CT) and identified a cohort of 83 nonarthritic ankle patients as a demographic-matched control group. A region of interest tool was used to calculate Hounsfield unit (HU) values in the cancellous region of the tibia and talus. Measurements were obtained on axial cut CTs from 6 to 12 mm above the tibial plafond, and 1 to 4 mm below the talar dome. HU measurements between groups and the decrease of HU at the relative level in each group were compared. Results: Arthritic ankles demonstrated significantly greater mean bone density than nonarthritic ankles at between 6 and 10 mm above the joint in the tibia ( P < .05). No significant difference in bone density between 10 and 12 mm from the joint in the tibia nor at any level of the talus was found between groups. In both groups, bone density decreased significantly at each successive level away from the ankle joint. Conclusion: Ankle arthritis patients demonstrated greater or equal bone density in both the tibia and talus compared to demographic-matched controls. In both groups, bone density decreased with increasing distance away from the articular surface. In TAR, tibial bone resection between 6 and 8 mm may provide improved initial implant stability. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Snuffbox fistula – a first-line approach to haemodialysis: A review
Authors: Idrees Marwan , Suthananthan Arul , Pathmarajah Tishanthan , Sieunarine Kishore 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: To examine the feasibility of snuffbox arteriovenous fistula as a first option for haemodialysis Background: Snuffbox arteriovenous fistula is the most distal native anastomosis possible for haemodialysis access. It was described by Rassat et al. This systematic review evaluates all literature investigating the feasibility and efficiency of performing snuffbox arteriovenous fistula. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were systematically searched for all English articles related to snuffbox arteriovenous fistula. Included studies were appraised using relevant appraisal tools. Results: Eleven papers were included, one prospective trial and the remaining being retrospective. Two trials compared snuffbox arteriovenous fistula to the standard Cimino-Brescia wrist fistula. Factors predicting success included vessel diameter, diabetes, age <70 years, male gender, palpable radial artery, central venous system patency and surgical technique. Patency rates ranged from 61% to 87% at 1-year follow-up and decreased to 36.3%–87% on longer duration follow-up. Ipsilateral radiocephalic fistula was successfully formed in 45%–100% of snuffbox arteriovenous fistula that failed (average of 73.5%). Conclusion: This is a systematic review investigating snuffbox arteriovenous fistula’s efficacy. The current literature is scarce and of poor quality; however, it does reflect that, in the well-selected patient, snuffbox arteriovenous fistula is a good and valid option for first-line haemodialysis. It provides a long segment of vessel for needling and also spares the proximal vessels for future use. Ability to effectively convert to wrist fistula in the event of snuffbox arteriovenous fistula failure provides longevity to native haemodialysis access before prosthetic adjuncts are required. This review provides recommendation for well-constructed randomised controlled trials to help delineate snuffbox arteriovenous fistula efficacy and investigate factors that affect success of these fistulas.
Changes in carotid artery structure with smoking cessation
Authors: Mitchell Carol , Piper Megan E , Smith Stevens S , Korcarz Claudia E , Fiore Michael C , Baker Timothy B , Stein James H 
Published: August 2019

Carotid artery grayscale ultrasound echogenicity and texture features predict cardiovascular disease events. We evaluated the longitudinal effects of smoking cessation on four grayscale ultrasound measures. This was a secondary analysis of data from 188 age, sex, and body mass index (BMI)-matched smokers (94 eventual abstainers [EA], 94 continued smokers [CS]) from a smoking cessation trial that had carotid ultrasound examinations at baseline and after 3 years. General linear models that included time, smoking group (EA or CS), and a time*smoking interaction term were used to examine the impact of smoking abstinence on carotid artery grayscale marker values at year 3. Participants were mean (SD) 50.3 (11.4) years old (57% female, 86% white). The baseline grayscale median value (GSM) was inversely correlated with age, BMI, insulin resistance, and smoking pack-years ( r = −0.20 to –0.30, p < 0.007 for all). There was a significant time*smoking status interaction for predicting GSM at year 3: GSM decreased significantly in the EA group compared to the CS group (–3.63 [13.00] vs CS 0.39 [12.06] units; p = 0.029). BMI increased more in the EA than the CS group (2.42 [3.00] vs CS 0.35 [2.57] kg/m2; p < 0.001). After adjusting for changes in BMI, the time*smoking status interaction no longer was significant ( p = 0.138). From baseline to year 3, contrast increased similarly in both groups. Entropy and angular second moment did not change significantly in either group. Changes in carotid ultrasound echogenicity and grayscale texture features during a smoking cessation attempt are modest and mostly related to weight gain. Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01553084
Personal cell therapy for interstitial cystitis with autologous stromal vascular fraction stem cells
Authors: Lander Elliot B. , Berman Mark H. , See Jackie R. 
Published: August 2019

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether autologous stem-cell-based therapy may mitigate the symptoms of interstitial cystitis. Methods: Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) rich in stem cells and derived from autologous adipose tissue was deployed into 109 men and women with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome as a surgical procedure. This stem-cell-rich biologic product was injected both systemically and regionally into pelvic floor targets. Patients were queried about quality of life and symptom and bother subjective outcomes tests every 3 months for 2 years. Results: A total of 78 patients reported a positive response at 1 year. Symptom and bother metrics were statistically improved at 1 year. There were minimal adverse events associated with the harvesting, procurement, and clinical deployment of SVF. Conclusion: Interstitial cystitis is a complex clinical problem that is known for its resistance to conventional therapies. SVF as an autologous personalized regenerative strategy shows good safety and efficacy and may potentially have a role in the mitigation of interstitial cystitis.
The economic impact of biosimilars in Italy: a scenario analysis
Authors: Mennini Francesco S , Marcellusi Andrea , Bini Chiara , Rotundo Maria Assunta , Giunta Alessandro , Gasbarrini Antonio , Valesini Guido , Canonico Pier Luigi , Novellino Ettore , Orlando Valentina , Mecozzi Alessandra , Gamucci Teresa , Pagano Livio , Di Brino Eugenio , Ruggeri Matteo , Cicchetti Americo 
Published: August 2019

Background: the first generation of biotechnology drugs is reaching, or has already reached, the patent expiry and a large number of biosimilars is entering the Italian pharmaceutical market. The objective of the analysis was to evaluate the economic impacts of biosimilars on the national health expenditure in Italy between 2014 and 2020. Methods: Based on the information deriving from consumption per standard unit and equivalent patients, it was estimated monthly expenditure for some of the biological drugs currently available in Italy that have had or will have a patent expiry within the analysis period (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, insulin glargine, trastuzumab, rituximab, bevacizumab and insulin aspart). Pharmaceutical expenditure was calculated on hospital sales prices net of transparent discounts required by law and visible from the AIFA database. Three alternative scenarios have been developed based on the perceptions of a board of clinical experts, pharmacologists and pharmacoeconomists involved in the study. The experts involved analyzed the estimates of treated patients between 2014 and 2017 and reports their hypothetical biosimilar penetration during the period 2018-2020. The results were represented as the difference between the estimated expenditure in the absence of biosimilars and the estimated expenditure in the presence of biosimilars with the real or hypothetical biosimilar penetration. Results: considering the standard units dispensed for each year, the economic model estimate an annual expenditure in 2014 equal to € 1.47 billion for the molecules considered in the analysis. These estimates rise to € 1.54, € 1.50 billion and € 1.51 billion during 2015, 2016 and 2017 in the scenario without biosimilar introduction. Biosimilar introduction generates cost savings between € 3.8 million in 2015 and € 32.9 million in 2017 if compared with the scenario without. Assuming an increasing biosimilar penetration between 2018 and 2020, scenario analysis estimates a cumulative cost reduction equal to € 597 million. Conclusions: Overall, biosimilar penetration generates important cost reduction that could be re-invested in the National Health Sistem.
Assessment of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Doğan Ali , Demircioğlu Sinan 
Published: August 2019

Background and Objective: Besides known risk scoring systems, studies have recently been conducted in relation to NLR to estimate the prognosis of HL. Some studies found a relationship of NLR with PFS and OS. Our objective was to investigate whether NLR, as an inexpensive and easily accessible test, is a prognostic marker for cHL, as in several previous studies.
Methods: The study included 232 patients in the age range of 18 to 88 years who were diagnosed with classic Hodgkin Lymphoma and received ABVD chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy at Van Yuzuncu Yil University Hematology Clinic from 2000-2018. Analyses were conducted on the disease stage, risk scores, treatment responses and relapse statuses at the time of diagnosis based on the patients’ NLR values at the time of diagnosis.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 39.27 ± 15.90, while 38.8% were female and 61.2% were male. The NLR value at the time of diagnosis was significantly related to stage (p:0.013), early-stage risk score (p:0.022) and treatment response (p:0.032). The cutoff value of NLR was found as 4.23. The Hb value at the time of diagnosis was significantly related to stage (p:0.00), early-stage risk score (p:0.007), treatment response (p:0.006) and the latest status of patients (p:0.005).
Conclusion: High NLR values were found to be significantly related to disease stage, early-stage risk scoring and response to the treatment. These findings need to be supported by prospective studies with larger samples for these data to be used prognostic scores.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.601
How to cite this:Dogan A, Demircioglu S. Assessment of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):1270-1275. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.601
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.