bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest N Dynamics after 25 years of Whole Watershed N Enrichment: The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine
Authors: Patel Kaizad F. , Fernandez Ivan J. , Nelson Sarah J. , Gruselle Marie‐Cécile , Norton Stephen A. , Weiskittel Aaron R. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Chronic N enrichment increased N exports, although ecosystem N retention was still high.
Soil was the largest ecosystem N pool, but it was not significantly altered by chronic N enrichment.
Chronic N enrichment increased biomass N accumulation in hardwood but not in softwood stands.
We examine the temporal trend of input–output N fluxes and net ecosystem N retention, and estimate a mass balance for ecosystem soil and vegetation pools, after 25 yr of chemical manipulation at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). The BBWM is a paired whole watershed manipulation experiment designed to study the effects of elevated N and S deposition on forest ecosystem function. Starting in 1989, 25.2 kg N ha−1 was added annually to the West Bear (treated) watershed. The N additions in West Bear stimulated N loss through stream exports, and West Bear retained 81% of the annual N inputs, compared to 94% retention in the reference, East Bear. After 25 yr of N additions, the West Bear watershed had accumulated ∼700 kg ha−1 more N than East Bear in soils and vegetation, with ∼10% of the accumulated N stored in forest biomass. The treatment increased recent biomass N accumulation rates in the hardwood stands, but not in the softwoods. Soils did not show detectable differences in total N content between watersheds, although the organic soils had greater N in West Bear. This paper presents a unique set of findings from one of the few long‐term whole forest ecosystem N enrichment studies in the world. While N dynamics were clearly altered in West Bear, with evidence of accelerated N cycling, the treated watershed did not attain an advanced stage of N saturation during the study period, based on the evidence from forest growth and stream N exports.
Removal of crystal violet dye by a novel adsorbent derived from waste active sludge used in wastewater treatment
Authors: Sahbaz Deniz Akin , Dandil Sahra , Acikgoz Caglayan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study dealt with preparation of the activated carbon derived from active sludge as an adsorbent for the adsorption of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution. The waste active sludge was activated chemically with KOH and carbonized to get activated carbon with a large surface area and a high porosity. The activated carbon was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) instrument, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption of CV from aqueous solution onto the activated carbon was investigated under varying conditions, such as adsorbent dosage (1–6 g/L), solution pH (4–9), contact time period (0–150 min), initial dye concentration (20–100 mg/L), and temperature (25–55 °C). 4.0 g/L of adsorbent dosage was chosen as the optimum level due to having a high removal rate (96.2%) (initial CV concentration 60 mg/L; 150 rpm; pH 6; 25 °C). The adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherms were well described by the pseudo second order kinetic and the Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption is a spontaneous process and favored at higher temperatures. The results show that the activated carbon derived from active sludge could be employed as a low-cost material for the removal of CV dye.
Skin Disease Classification using Neural Network
Authors: Bajwa Usama Ijaz , Alam Sardar , ul Haq Nuhman , Ratyal Naeem Iqbal , Anwar Muhammad Waqas 
Published: May 2019

Background:
In this study, a novel and fully automatic skin disease classification approach
is proposed using statistical feature extraction and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based
classification using first and second order statistical moments, the entropy of different color channels
and texture-based features.

Aims:
The basic aim of our study is to develop an automated system for skin disease classification
that can help a general physician to automatically detect the lesion and classify it to disease types.

Method:
The performance of the proposed approach is corroborated by extensive experiments performed
on a dataset of 588 images containing 6907 lesion regions.

Results:
The results show that the proposed methodology can be effectively used to construct a
skin disease classification system.

Conclusion:
Our proposed method is designed for a specific skin tone. Future investigation is
needed to analyze the impact of different skin tones on the performance of lesions detection and
classification system.
Efficient Dynamic Resource Allocation in Hadoop Multiclusters for Load- Balancing Problem
Authors: S. Karthikeyan , Seetha Hari , R. Manimegalai 
Published: May 2019

Background:
‘Map-Reduce’ is the framework and its processing of data by rationalizing
the distributed servers. also its running the various tasks in parallel way. The most important problem
in map reduce environment is Resource Allocation in distributed environments and data locality
to its corresponding slave nodes. If the applications are not scheduled properly then it leads to
load unbalancing problems in the cloud environments.

Objective:
This Research suggests a new dynamic way of allocating the resources in hadoop multi
cluster environment in order to effectively monitor the nodes for faster computation, load balancing
and data locality issues. The dynamic slot allocation is explained theoretically in order to address
the problems of pre configuration, speculative execution, delay in scheduling and pre slot allocation
in hadoop environments. Experiment is done with Hadoop cluster which increases the efficiency
of the nodes and solves the load balancing problem.

Methods:
The Current design of Map Reduce Hadoop systems are affected by underutilization of
slots. The reason is the number of maps and reducer is allotted is smaller than the available number
of maps and reducers. In Hadoop most of the times its noticed that dynamic slot allocation policy,
the mapper or reducers are idle. So we can use those unused map tasks to overloaded reducer tasks
in-order to increase the efficiency of MR jobs and vice versa.

Results:
The real time experiment was implemented with Multinode Hadoop cluster map reduce
jobs of file size 1giga bytes to 5 giga bytes and various performance test has been taken.

Conclusion:
This paper focused on Hadoop map reduce resource allocation management techniques
for multi cluster environments. It proposes a novel dynamic slot allocation policy to
improve the performance of yarn scheduler and eliminates the load balancing problem. This
work proves that dynamic slot allocation is outperforms more than yarn framework. In future
it considered to concentrate on CPU bandwidth and processing time.
PESQUISANDO HABEAS CORPUS NOS TRIBUNAIS SUPERIORES
Authors: Bottino Thiago 
Published: May 2019

O artigo apresenta parte dos produtos elaborados durante o Projeto de Pesquisa “Panaceia universal ou remédio constitucional? Habeas corpus nos tribunais superiores”, selecionado na Chamada Pública Simplificada Ipea/PNPD 131/2012, no âmbito do projeto “Pensando o Direito e as Reformas Penais no Brasil’’, financiado pelo Ministério da Justiça (MJ) e pelo Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea), vinculado à Secretaria de Assuntos Estratégicos (SAE). Trata-se de pesquisa empírica que examinou as impetrações de habeas corpus e recurso de habeas corpus perante o STF e o STJ no período de 2008 a 2012.
The Development and Character of Foreign Investment in Late Colonial Indonesia
Authors: Van de Water Mark 
Published: May 2019

This contribution discusses the development of private foreign investment in late colonial Indonesia. The increase in numbers of individual firms, their expanding volume and accumulation of investment in the Netherlands Indies are shown. The focus is on the years 1910-1940 and on Dutch foreign investment, although investment by other countries is touched upon in passing. The data used for this article originate from a database compiled from the Handboek voor cultuuren handelsondernemingen in Nederlandsch-Indië (Handbook for cultivation and trading companies in the Netherlands Indies) and will also be incorporated into my PhD dissertation entitled ‘Foreign investment and colonial economic growth in Indonesia’, which forms part of the larger research project ‘Foreign capital and colonial development in Indonesia’.
“Saudagar Bandoeng”, 1906—1930-an
Authors: Rohayati Dede 
Published: May 2019

The growth of Bandung as a city at the beginning of the 20th century, has produced urban groups that dominate parts of the urban economy. One group was known as Saudagar Bandoeng or the Bandung indigenous Muslim merchants. They started growing as middle-class urban Muslims who rely on their economic life in the commercial sector. There are three reasons for the emergence of Saudagar Bandoeng, namely the rejuvenation of Pasar Baru market in 1906, the rise of batik trading and the modernization of Bandung facilitated the traffic goods and people to and from the city of Bandung. The Saudagar Bandoeng emerged as a community of santri traders which were relatively different from that of rural santri traders. The birth of the Soedara Association (Himpoenan Soedara) as an organization for santri traders to promote indigenous economic sector in Bandung represented one of the rise of merchant nationalist identity as has been seen in other cities such as Surakarta.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN TELEKOMUNIKASI YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Repon Rezky Rahman 
Published: May 2019

This research is descriptive nature of case study research analytical tool used to determine and analyze the financial performance of telecommunications companies listing in BEI using EVA analysis. Assessment of financial performance is measured with the provision that if EVA ≥ 0, then provide economic value added to the company , if EVA ≤ 0 , then it does not give the company's.EconomicValueAdded.Based on the analysis of financial performance of telecommunications companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange fluctuated , In 2010 PT XL Xiata Tbk and PT Inovisi Infrcom tbk give Economic Value Added . In 2011, PT XL Xiata Tbk , PT Indosat Tbk , and PT Infracom Tbk , and PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk otherwise provide Economic Value Added and the year in 2012 Infracom PT Tbk and PT Indosat Tbk otherwise provide Economic Value Added ( EVA)≥0.Telecommunications companies that provide the greatest economic value added in 2011 was PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia tbk Based on the above conclusions , the authors recognize that these results are still far from perfect , due to the limitations of both the data and the object of research , because it is necessary for other researchers conducted research on EVA by using a longer period of study or research use another object. Keywords: Economic Value Added, Financial Performance, telecommunication Companies
ANALISIS PENGARUH PRODUCT PLACEMENT TERHADAP WORD OF MOUTH ATAS MEREK SPEEDY PADA ACARA LIVE SHOW NBL INDONESIA
Authors: Jayanti Alfitri , Jatmiko Rohmat Dwi , Andharini Sri Nastiti 
Published: May 2019

The research aims to analyze the effect of product placement on word of mouth at NBL Indonesia. Population is audience of NBL Indonesia. Sample taken were 100 respondents using purpossive sampling method. Simple Linear Regression used as an analytical tool. The result shows that product placement has a positive effect on word of mouth. Keywords: Product Placement, and Word of Mouth, NBL Indonesia
EVALUASI KELAYAKAN BISNIS PADA RUMAH PEMONDOKAN (KOST) MAHASISWA DI SEKITAR UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
Authors: Violetha Hellen Mayora 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of students boarding house around University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The analytical tool are Net Present Value, Payback Period, Average Rate of Return, Internal Rate of Return, Profitability Index.The results of the analysis of boarding house owned by Mr. Rofiq show that the Net Present Value is 226.968.193,1 rupiahwhich is more than null (eligible). Value Payback Period is six years one month and seven days which is less than 20 years (feasible). Internal Rate of Return is 17,2063 % which is higher than COC, it is declared eligible.The value of Average Rate of Return is 43 % which is more than 15 % (feasible). The value of Profitability Index is 1,44 which is more than one (feasible).The results of the analysis of boarding house owned by Mrs. Atnah show that Net Present Value is 22.370.869,3 rupiah which is more than null, it is declared eligible. Value Payback Period is twelve years two months and twentythree days is less than 20 years (feasible). Internal Rate of Return is 17,8111 % which is higher than COC, it is declared eligible. The value of Average Rate of Return is 38 % which is more than 17 % (feasible). The value of Profitability Index is 1.058 which is more than one (feasible). In other words, the investments wasconducted by both the owner of boarding house was proceed.The results of the analysis of boarding house owned by Mr. Sofi show that Net Present Value is minus 170.035.625,2 rupiah which is not more than null (unfit). Value Payback Period is 32 years 2 months 12 days is more than 20 years (not feasible). The results of the value of the Internal Rate of Return is 3,7435 % is less than COC which is declared unfit. The value of Average Rate of Return is 2% which is not expected (less than 15%) declared unfit. The value Profitability Index is 0.32 which is less than one, it is declared unfit. Keywords:Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Payback Period, Average Rate of Return, Profitability Index.
CAPITAL MARKET REACTIONS TO THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF STOCK SPLIT (Studies on Go Public Compani that Perform A Stock Split Years 2011-2015 in The Indonesia Stock Exchange)
Authors: Langelo Juandy Seiver 
Published: May 2019

The purposes of this research is to investigate the market’s reaction events of the stock split announcement, proxied by abnormal returns and trading volumes. Hypothetical test in this research was using paired sample t test in the differences of abnormal return and wilcoxon signed rank to trading volume.Based on the results of hypothetical test, this research concluded that the market reacts negatively against the event of stock splits. The conclusion obtained from the presence of significant decrease of average volume of trade after the split event, where as the average of abnormal return decreases however not significant after the event of stock splits.
RELEVANSI UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 1 TAHUN 1979 TENTANG EKSTRADISI DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM EKSTRADISI INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS : PERJANJIAN EKSTRADISI INDONESIA-SINGAPURA)
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin 
Published: May 2019

Beberapa tahun terakhir ini, koruptor semakin kreatif dengan melakukan tindak korupsi di negara asalnya dan melarikan diri ke negara lain berikut dengan aset-aset yang telah diambilnya ditanam di negara tempatnya bersembunyi. Kehadiran orang tersebut kenegara lain adalah untuk menghindari upaya penangkapan atas dirinya sehubungan dengan kejahatan yang telah dilakukannya di negara asal. Dengan larinya orang tersebut ke negara lain, ini berarti ada negara lain yang kepentingannya dirugikan karena tidak dapat menangkap orang tersebut, padahal orang tersebut telah melakukan pelanggaran hukum. Komitmen masyarakat internasional untuk menanggulangi kejahatan-kejahatan lintas batas melalui kerjasama internasional dapat terlihat dari instrument-instrumen hukum internasional yang lahir belakangan ini, baik yang bersifat hard law maupun soft law. Salah satunya adanya perjanjian ekstradisi. Pada 27 April 2007, pemerintah Republik Indonesia dengan gagah berani menandatangani perjanjian ekstradisi dan perjanjian kerjasama pertahanan (Defense Cooperation Agreement) dengan Singapura.
Dengan adanya lembaga ekstradisi ini maka pelaku kejahatan yang melarikan diri ke negara lain diharapkan tidak akan lepas dari jangkauan hukum. Dalam penelitian ini yang akan dibahas adalah permasalahan mengenai: Apakah norma-norma yang ada dalam Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1979 Tentang Ekstradisi masih relevan dan selaras/harmonis dengan perkembangan hukum ekstradisi internasional dalam hal ini perjanjian ekstradisi antara Indonesia dan Singapura. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pendekatan normatif yang bersifat Library Research (penelitian Kepustakaan) dan deskriptif, penulisan ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, bahan hukum sekunder seperti buku-buku maupun karya ilmiah, serta bahan hukum tersier berupa kamus. Analisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisa data secara kualitatif yang bersifat perspektif analitis.

Kata Kunci : Ekstradisi, Hukum, Undang-Undang No.1 Tahun 1979 Tentang Ekstradisi
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PEMERINTAH INDIA TERKAIT TINDAKAN PELANGGARAN KEKEBALAN DAN KEISTIMEWAAN YANG DILAKUKAN TERHADAP PERWAKILAN DIPLOMATIK AMERIKA SERIKAT DITINJAU DARI KETENTUAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Geraldi Aldo Rico 
Published: May 2019

Pemerintah India melakukan tindakan pelanggaran terhadap kekebalan dan keistimewaan yang dimiliki oleh perwakilan diplomatik Amerika Serikat di India. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekebalan dan keistimewaan yang dimiliki oleh Perwakilan Diplomatik Amerika Serikat. Selain itu juga menganalisis mengenai keabsahan tindakan yang dilakukan, serta bentuk pertanggungjawaban Pemerintah India terhadap Perwakilan Diplomatik Amerika Serikat.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan dengan mengumpulkan bahan hukum dan informasi yang berupa bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder, maupun tersier. Dalam rangka mendapatkan pemaparan yang jelas, data tersebut kemudian disusun secara sistematis dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perwakilan diplomatik Amerika Serikat yang ada di India memiliki kekebalan dan keistimewaan sebagaimana yang ditentukan dalam Konvensi Wina 1961 tentang Hubungan Diplomatik. Selanjutnya mengenai pertanggungjawaban atas tindakan Pemerintah India, Pemerintah Amerika Serikat berhak meminta pertanggungjawaban untuk menghentikan pelanggaran yang dilakukan terhadap perwakilan diplomatiknya sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. Kata Kunci: Hubungan Diplomatik, Kekebalan dan Kestimewaan, Pertanggungjawaban.
KEABSAHAN UJIAN PENGANGKATAN NOTARIS SEBAGAI SYARAT PENGANGKATAN NOTARIS
Authors: Firmansyah Febriyan Adis , Adjie Habib 
Published: May 2019

Diundangkannya Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dam Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 25 Tahun 2017 Ujian Pengangkatan Notaris menjadi permasalahan karena Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris sebagai peraturan yang lebih tinggi kedudukannya tidak mensyaratkan adanya Ujian Pengangkatan sebagai syarat pengangkatan Notaris.Penulis dalam penelitian ini ingin menelaah dan menganalisa lebih lanjut tentangratio legisadanya persyaratan Ujian Pengangkatan Notaris dan daya laku Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dam Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 25 Tahun 2017 Ujian Pengangkatan Notaris.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau bahan hukum sekunder sedangkan pendekatan masalah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang menjadi ratio legisadanya persyaratan Ujian Pengangkatan Notaris adalah untuk mendapatkan standarisasi dan kualitas tinggi dari tiap Notaris yang akan diangkat sehingga didapatkan Notaris yang benar-benar memiliki pengetahuan yang mumpuni. Peraturan Menteri Hukum Dam Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 25 Tahun 2017 Ujian Pengangkatan Notaris tidak memiliki daya laku karena meskipun dibentuk berdasarkan kewenangan Menteri tetapi bertentangan dengan peraturan yang kedudukannya lebih tinggi.
Concentração da Contabilidade e Análise de Custos nos ENADEs de Ciências Contábeis
Authors: Pereira de Carvalho Francisco José , Gimenez Levi , Silva Oliveira Antonio Benedito 
Published: May 2019

O presente estudo buscou identificar os temais mais freqüentes e os níveis de dificuldade aplicados de 2006 a 2012 aos alunos dos cursos de Ciências Contábeis nos ENADE - Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes. Os temas foram classificados de acordo com o entendimento dos autores, professores de cursos de graduação e pós graduação nas áreas administração e contabilidade. O Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes avalia o rendimento dos concluintes dos cursos de graduação, em relação aos conteúdos programáticos, habilidades e competências adquiridas em sua formação. O exame é obrigatório e a situação de regularidade do estudante no exame deve constar em seu histórico escolar. A primeira aplicação do Enade ocorreu em 2004 e a periodicidade máxima da avaliação é trienal para cada área do conhecimento. O ENADE para os cursos de Ciências Contábeis começaram a ser aplicados em 2006 e já foram realizados também em 2009. 2012 e 2015. O próximo será realizado em novembro de 2018. Como resultado do trabalho, foi identificado que 22 das 106 questões de múltipla escolha do conteúdo específicao de Ciências Contábeis, isto é, mais de 20% do total p, representando mais de 20% das questões formuladas nas provas do ENADE são de Contabilidade e Analise de Custos e desse total 86% foram consideradas como sendo difíceis e muito difíceis, indicando a necessidade de atenção por parte dos coordenadores de cursos de Ciências Contábeis e professores das disciplinas voltadas ao tema “Custos”.
Noted: FOI laws grow stronger but so does intimidation
Authors: Papoutsaki Evangelia 
Published: May 2019

Reviewed book by UNESCO

Publication date:

October, 2011

UNESCO’s recent e-publication based on the 2010 World Press Freedom Day conference, hosted by Queensland University in Brisbane last May, brings together a remarkable selection of presentations by journalists, media and communication professionals from different regions including a substantial contribution from the Pacific. This publication serves as a reminder of the importance of journalists’ work, the risks they face and the urgency of securing their safety and punishing those who violate their right to report freely and safely.