bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Lip Line Cant Change After 1-Jaw and 2-Jaw Surgery
Authors: Lee Ui-Lyong , Nam Ji-Hye , Choi Won-Cheul , Kim Hye-Won , Kim Hye-Jin , Choi Young-Jun 
Published: April 2019

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to compare the lip line cant (LLC) changes after 1 and 2-jaw surgery, and to evaluate the correlations of the craniofacial factors affecting LLC.

Methods:
The study subjects were selected (LLC amount within 1.5–6.0°) from among the patients diagnosed with Class III malocclusion who underwent one (n = 20) or 2-jaw surgery (n = 20). Cone beam computed tomography images were obtained immediately before the operation (T1) and 6 months after the operation (T2). Preoperative and postoperative craniofacial measurements were obtained.

Results:
The study subjects showed 3.12° LLC on average before undergoing 1-jaw surgery, and their LLC changed to 1.27° after the surgery. As for 2-jaw surgery, the subjects showed 3.38° LLC on average before the surgery and 0.98° after the surgery. LLC at pre-treatment may be more affected by a cant of the occlusal plane in the mandible than maxilla. In the comparison of the value of changes of LLC, the value of 2-jaw surgery was bigger than the value of 1-jaw surgery but the difference was statistically insignificant.

Limitations:
This study had a limitation in that the muscles were not considered. And the metal bracket or metal crown and bridge, however, can cause noise and blurring artifacts in CT, which can lead to a low resolution. And the limited number of the patients should be considered.

Conclusions:
In correlation analysis, both pre-surgery LLC and change of LLC have correlation with almost all the craniofacial measurement. Lip-line cant of patients with facial asymmetry has higher correlation with mandibular cant than with other cants. To improve the LLC, a surgical plan should be established to minimize the mandibular cant using the computer simulation as well as the maxillary cant.
Precision Analysis of Supraorbital Transcranial Exits Using Three Dimensional Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Lim Nam Kyu , Kim Young Ho , Kang Dong Hee 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:
Anatomical variation in supraorbital transcranial exits, which can be divided into the lateral supraorbital exit and the medial frontal exit, has been investigated in several studies during the past few decades. However, in previous studies, inconsistent criteria were used for classifying those exits. The authors analyzed variations in supraorbital transcranial exits using 3 dimensional multidetector computed tomography (3D MDCT), and present a consistent classification of the types of those exits with precise location measurements.

Methods:
In 1181 patients (2362 orbits) who underwent facial 3D MDCT, the authors measured a set of qualitative and quantitative parameters. The qualitative parameters included an assessment of the location and type of the exit, and the number of accessory foramina. The quantitative parameters included various distance measurements.

Results:
A frontal exit was present in 2071 orbits and a supraorbital exit in 953. Neither a frontal exit nor a supraorbital exit was found in 11 orbits. The most common type of frontal exit was the notch type, followed by the foramen type and none. The mean distance from the nasion to the frontal exit was 24.70 ± 3.50 mm on the right side and 23.69 ± 3.42 mm on the left side.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, various types of supraorbital transcranial exits were observed, of which the frontal notch was the most common. This is the first study to conduct a consistent analysis of a large sample of skulls to characterize the distribution of supraorbital transcranial exit types using a comprehensive and clear set of criteria.
Neuro-Ophthalmic Symptoms of Primary Headache Disorders: Why the Patient With Headache May Present to Neuro-Ophthalmology
Authors: Smith Stacy V. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Primary headache disorders can cause many ophthalmic symptoms that lead many patients to present for neuro-ophthalmic evaluation. Neuro-ophthalmologists frequently encounter these patients in clinical practice.

Evidence Acquisition:
A literature review was completed in PubMed using the following terms paired with “migraine” and “headache:” dry eye, eye pain, monocular diplopia, binocular diplopia, photophobia, visual field defect, tunnel vision, floaters, amaurosis fugax, transient visual obscuration, autonomic symptoms, anisocoria, visual snow, Alice in Wonderland syndrome, and palinopsia.

Results:
Patients with migraine experience a wide range of visual disturbances including aura and more complex perceptual abnormalities such as Alice in Wonderland syndrome and visual snow. Visual disturbances may consist of positive and/or negative phenomena and may be binocular or monocular. Migraine and other primary headache disorders can be associated with photophobia, eye pain, dry eye, autonomic features, and anisocoria.

Conclusions:
Patients with primary headache disorders may experience a wide range of visual and ophthalmic symptoms. An understanding of the typical features of these disorders allows providers to help patients find appropriate treatment without unnecessary testing and to recognize when atypical presentations require additional evaluation.
A Comprehensive Computational Study of Amino Acid Interactions in Membrane Proteins
Authors: Mbaye Mame Ndew , Hou Qingzhen , Basu Sankar , Teheux Fabian , Pucci Fabrizio , Rooman Marianne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTransmembrane proteins play a fundamental role in a wide series of biological processes but, despite their importance, they are less studied than globular proteins, essentially because their embedding in lipid membranes hampers their experimental characterization. In this paper, we improved our understanding of their structural stability through the development of new knowledge-based energy functions describing amino acid pair interactions that prevail in the transmembrane and extramembrane regions of membrane proteins. The comparison of these potentials and those derived from globular proteins yields an objective view of the relative strength of amino acid interactions in the different protein environments, and their role in protein stabilization. Separate potentials were also derived from α-helical and β-barrel transmembrane regions to investigate possible dissimilarities. We found that, in extramembrane regions, hydrophobic residues are less frequent but interactions between aromatic and aliphatic amino acids as well as aromatic-sulfur interactions contribute more to stability. In transmembrane regions, polar residues are less abundant but interactions between residues of equal or opposite charges or non-charged polar residues as well as anion-π interactions appear stronger. This shows indirectly the preference of the water and lipid molecules to interact with polar and hydrophobic residues, respectively. We applied these new energy functions to predict whether a residue is located in the trans- or extramembrane region, and obtained an AUC score of 83% in cross validation, which demonstrates their accuracy. As their application is, moreover, extremely fast, they are optimal instruments for membrane protein design and large-scale investigations of membrane protein stability.
Modulating pathogenesis with Mobile-CRISPRi
Authors: Qu Jiuxin , Prasad Neha K. , Yu Michelle A. , Looney Mark R. , Chen Shuyan , Lyden Amy , Crawford Emily , Silvis Melanie R. , Peters Jason M. , Rosenberg Oren S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPathogens express a set of proteins required for establishing and maintaining an infection, termed virulence life-style genes (VLGs). Due to their outsized importance in pathogenesis, VLG products are attractive targets for the next generation of antimicrobials. However, precise manipulation of VLG expression in the context of infection is technically challenging, limiting our ability to understand the roles of VLGs in pathogenesis and accordingly design effective inhibitors. We previously developed a suite of gene knockdown tools that are transferred by conjugation and stably integrate into pathogen genomes that we call “Mobile-CRISPRi”. Here we show the efficacy of Mobile-CRISPRi in controlling VLG expression in a murine infection model. We optimize Mobile-CRISPRi inPseudomonas aeruginosafor use in a murine model of pneumonia by tuning the expression of CRISPRi components to avoid non-specific toxicity. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that knockdown of a VLG encoding the type III secretion system (T3SS) activator ExsA blocks effector protein secretion in culture and attenuates virulence in mice. We anticipate that Mobile-CRISPRi will be a valuable tool to probe the function of VLGs across many bacterial species and pathogenesis models.ImportanceAntibiotic resistance is a growing threat to global health. To optimize the use of our existing antibiotics and identify new targets for future inhibitors, understanding the fundamental drivers of bacterial growth in the context of the host immune response is paramount. Historically these genetic drivers have been difficult to manipulate, as they are requisite for pathogen survival. Here, we provide the first application of Mobile-CRISPRi to study virulence life-style genes in mouse models of lung infection through partial gene perturbation. We envision the use of Mobile-CRISPRi in future pathogenesis models and antibiotic target discovery efforts.
A hospital recreation room quality improvement intervention
Authors: Dolan Lorraine , Kane Maria , Timmins Fiona , Prizeman Geraldine , Dempsey Orla 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Patients with extended hospital admissions had no recreation facilities in the ward. They were often confined to spaces around their beds, using the ward corridor for rehabilitation. The purpose of this paper is to outline a quality improvement (QI) intervention-provision of a recreational space for long-stay patients.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory quantitative pre-, post-test design was utilised, and executed in three phases: patients, visitors and staff survey to explore recreation and comfort needs and preferences; store room refurbishment; and patient, visitor and staff satisfaction with the recreation room.

Findings
Overall, 77 questionnaires were completed (n=49 staff; n=28 patient/visitor). Almost two-thirds (64.7 per cent; n=11) of patients had a stay greater than six weeks. Insufficient private space and concerns about disturbing other patients were identified as barriers to taking part in activities. Consequently, a store room was refurbished as a recreation room (9.0 m × 6.0 m) and furnished in three distinct areas. Following refurbishment, over 90 per cent (n=24) of respondents agreed that there was a suitable space where patients could “go and chat” and spend time with family and visitors or speak to the healthcare team.

Practical implications
The physical environment in acute hospitals is seldom prioritised. Needs-based QI projects can improve patient hospital experiences.

Originality/value
This case study highlights how nursing staff can be informed by patients’ and families’ needs and preferences, and initiate QI projects that improve patient hospital experiences.
Can Bahraini patients accept e-health systems?
Authors: Zolait Ali , Radhi Nadeen , Alhowaishi Muna Moahmmed , Sundram Veera Pandiyan Kaliani , Aldoseri Lulwa Mohammed 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether Bahraini individuals accept e-health system and the prominent factors affecting e-health system adoption in Bahrain.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopted a quantitative and qualitative approach, i.e., a self-administered questionnaire, unstructured and a semi-structured interview, which were used to collect the data. A questionnaire was distributed to Bahraini residents selected randomly. The framework was based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of reasoned action (TRA). Important variables from both the TAM model and TRA theory were extracted and jointly used to build the research model.

Findings
The findings indicated that the most factors affecting e-health adoption are trust, health literacy and attitude. Additionally, people in the private and government sectors understand e-health benefits.

Practical implications
If healthcare professionals understand the factors affecting e-health system adoption from an individual and organisational perspective, then nurses, pharmacists and others will be more conscious about e-health and its adoption status.

Originality/value
E-health system adoption has become increasingly important to governments, individuals, and researchers in recent years. A novel research framework, based on TAM and TRA, was used to produce a new integrated model.
Envisioning green solutions for reducing the ecological footprint of a university campus
Authors: Genta Chiara , Favaro Silvia , Sonetti Giulia , Barioglio Caterina , Lombardi Patrizia 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to report strategies towards a green campus project at Politecnico di Torino University, a 33,000-students Italian higher education institution (HEI), and estimate the avoided ecological footprint (EF) of different scenarios accounted for open spaces.

Design/methodology/approach
A consumption-based study has been developed to analyse the current EF of the main campus site. Data were collected from different departments and administrative units to identify the measure of the pressure exerted by the campus activities on the ecosystem. Then, possible scenarios were accounted for open spaces along five different design layers: energy, water, landscape, food and mobility. Acting on the spaces by means of biophilic design and user-driven design requires complex considerations on university’s anticipated future needs and a wide-ranging evaluation of the most appropriate pathways forward according to all university stakeholders, far beyond the mere accounting of avoided EF.

Findings
A reduction of the 21 per cent of the current EF can be achieved through the solutions envisaged in the green campus project along the open space layers. Moreover, universities have the opportunity to not only improve the sustainability of their facilities but also demonstrate how the built environment can be designed to benefit both the environment and the occupants.

Research limitations/implications
The acknowledgement of predicted behavioural change effects is a question left open to further researchers on methods and indicators for social impact accounting and reporting in truly sustainable university campuses.

Originality/value
This is the first research that estimates the EF of an Italian HEI. The research represents also an innovative approach integrating the EF reduction scenarios in the design process of the new masterplan of open spaces, trying to identify the connection between environmental impact reduction and improvement in users’ perception.
Small-scale poultry enterprises in Kenyan medium-sized cities
Authors: Omondi Samuel Onyango 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the profitability of urban chicken production in the medium-sized cities of Kisumu and Thika, Kenya.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected in 2016 from a sample of 157 indigenous chicken producers in the two cities. Descriptive analyses were used to characterize indigenous chicken production, marketing and profitability. In addition, multivariate regression models were estimated to determine factors influencing profitability of the enterprise.

Findings
Urban indigenous chicken production mainly serves a dual role of food provision and income generation. The enterprise is profitable, generating an average gross margin of Ksh. 756/bird. The multivariate regression models show that access to high-value markets, household income level and the type of production system used significantly affect profitability of indigenous chicken farming. However, poultry diseases and high input costs especially feed are the major constraints to poultry farming.

Research limitations/implications
This study has used cross-sectional data that provides information for only one point in time. Future research should be able to capture the seasonality of indigenous chicken production.

Social implications
This study has shown that indigenous chicken production in urban areas is a viable and profitable enterprise, which could provide an avenue for employment and income generation.

Originality/value
Studies assessing profitability of urban agricultural enterprises are scant. Thus, this study provides insights on the profitability of a common urban agriculture enterprise.
Does corruption cause tax evasion? Evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Amoh John Kwaku , Ali-Nakyea Abdallah 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the corruption-tax evasion nexus and to establish the strength of relationships among corrupting activities.

Design/methodology/approach
The research applied structural equation modelling on selected data from the World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey on corruption activities and data on tax evasion triggering factors from the World Development Indicators and the Bank of Ghana to test two hypotheses.

Findings
The test of the first hypothesis suggests that corrupting activities significantly cause tax-evading activities in Ghana; hence, there is at least one corrupting activity triggering tax evasion. Testing the second hypothesis revealed that corruption in Ghana exhibits all of the five dimensions of corruption that were examined. Hence, there is correlation among the corrupting activities.

Research limitations/implications
The research is limited by the availability of data; hence, only data for selected variables for the period were examined.

Practical implications
The results are indicative that most emerging economies tend to have more than one type of dominating corruption dimension, which are tax-evading triggers.

Originality/value
The study extends the literature by examining the various dimensions of corruption, analysing the strength of their relationships and how they impact tax evasion in an emerging economy. By identifying and employing specific corrupting activities, there is a better understanding and appreciation of the corruption-tax evasion nexus in the revenue generation process. This may aid emerging economies in the drafting of tax evasion and corruption reduction policies/programmes to ensure the achievement of sustainable development goals.
Predictors for compliance with anti-terrorist financing standards
Authors: Joosten Erik , Bogers Marion , Beeres Robert , Bertrand Robert 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and test predictors for countries to comply with the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) anti-money laundering and terrorist financing recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conduct a quantitative study to explore which factors predict compliance of countries. They include the compliance scores of 196 countries.

Findings
The results of a forward stepwise regression analysis show that a country’s wealth, measured as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, is the most important predictor for compliance. This result supports earlier academic work about predictors for compliance (Simmons, 1998; Giraldo and Trinkunas, 2007; Whitaker, 2010). The other factors identified suffering from terrorist attacks, relative financial market dominance, tourism sector and the degree of democracy do not explain additional variance in compliance.

Practical implications
This research sheds light on compliance as a concept. For policymakers, accountants, companies and governments, it is important to understand why compliance occurs and why not.

Originality/value
The empirical results indicate that, in contrast to common belief, countries that suffer more from terrorism are not more compliant. Moreover, the rate of democracy, a relative dominant financial market and a strong tourism sector do not stimulate compliance with anti-terrorist financing standards.
The Origins of the Husting and the Folkmoot
Authors: NAISMITH RORY 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the central Middle Ages, London was marked out by its idiosyncratic institutions, prominent among which were two courts or assemblies: the Folkmoot and the Husting. This article re‐examines the early history and origins of both, and suggests that they should be seen as outgrowths of the entities recorded in a legal composition from the reign of King Æthelstan (924–39). The latter describes associations formed by the people of London to defend their interests against thieves from surrounding districts. Provisions made in this text for a gathering of leaders, to be held over food and drink, may be a forerunner of the Husting, while a larger judicial body hinted at in the law‐code could represent a precursor to the Folkmoot. The internal divisions of London from the twelfth century onwards, the wards, are also considered.
Optimal timing of hepatitis B virus DNA quantification and clinical predictors for higher viral load during pregnancy
Authors: Cheung Ka W. , Seto Mimi T. Y. , So Po L. , Wong Daniel , Mak Annisa S. L. , Lau Wai L. , Wang Weilan , Kan Anita S. Y. , Lee Chin P. , Ng Ernest H. Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionAuthorities publish recommendations on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load threshold to initiate antiviral treatment but the timing of quantification during pregnancy is not well defined. HBV DNA levels in pregnancy women at 28‐30 weeks predict the risk of immunoprophylaxis failure. This study compared and evaluated the correlation between HBV DNA levels before 22 and 28‐30 weeks’ gestation. Clinical predictive factors for HBV DNA >6, 7 and 8 log10 IU/mL were studied.Material and methodsA retrospective analysis of HBV DNA levels of women <22 and 28‐30 weeks of gestation was carried out in 352 pregnant HBV carriers. HBV DNA was examined using the COBAS TaqMan HBV Monitor Test coupled with the COBAS Ampliprep extraction system (Both Roche Diagnostics, Branchburg, NJ, USA).ResultsA strong positive correlation was found between the viral loads of women <22 weeks (mean 16.7 weeks) and 28‐30 weeks of gestation, which was independent of the viral load level and gestational age of quantification (r = 0.942, P < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), maternal age <35 years old and body mass index ≤21 kg/m2 were associated with a higher mean viral load at 28‐30 weeks of gestation (P < 0.05). These factors were also associated with a higher chance of viral load >6, 7 and 8 log10 IU/mL at 28‐30 weeks (P < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis, only the viral load of <22 weeks and positive HBeAg remained predictive of a higher mean viral load at 28‐30 weeks of gestation (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the HBV DNA of <22 weeks was an excellent predictor for different viral load cut‐offs at 28‐30 weeks. The area under curve was 0.986, 0.998 and 0.994 for viral load 6, 7 and 8 log10 IU/mL, respectively.ConclusionsHBV DNA quantification should be performed before 22 weeks of gestation. Viral load cut‐offs similar to those at 28 weeks can be used to determine immunoprophylaxis failure at earlier gestation. Maternal positive HBeAg status was associated with a higher chance of viral load >6, 7 or 8 log10 IU/mL.