bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental habituation to human disturbance over time reduces fear of humans in coyote offspring
Authors: Schell Christopher J. , Young Julie K. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Santymire Rachel M. , Mateo Jill M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA fundamental tenet of maternal effects assumes that maternal variance over time should have discordant consequences for offspring traits across litters. Yet, seldom are parents observed across multiple reproductive bouts, with few studies considering anthropogenic disturbances as an ecological driver of maternal effects. We observed captive coyote (Canis latrans) pairs over two successive litters to determine whether among‐litter differences in behavior (i.e., risk‐taking) and hormones (i.e., cortisol and testosterone) corresponded with parental plasticity in habituation. Thus, we explicitly test the hypothesis that accumulating experiences of anthropogenic disturbance reduces parental fear across reproductive bouts, which should have disparate phenotypic consequences for first‐ and second‐litter offspring. To quantify risk‐taking behavior, we used foraging assays from 5–15 weeks of age with a human observer present as a proxy for human disturbance. At 5, 10, and 15 weeks of age, we collected shaved hair to quantify pup hormone levels. We then used a quantitative genetic approach to estimate heritability, repeatability, and between‐trait correlations. We found that parents were riskier (i.e., foraged more frequently) with their second versus first litters, supporting our prediction that parents become increasingly habituated over time. Second‐litter pups were also less risk‐averse than their first‐litter siblings. Heritability for all traits did not differ from zero (0.001–0.018); however, we found moderate support for repeatability in all observed traits (r = 0.085–0.421). Lastly, we found evidence of positive phenotypic and cohort correlations among pup traits, implying that cohort identity (i.e., common environment) contributes to the development of phenotypic syndromes in coyote pups. Our results suggest that parental habituation may be an ecological cue for offspring to reduce their fear response, thus emphasizing the role of parental plasticity in shaping their pups’ behavioral and hormonal responses toward humans.
Observer‐free experimental evaluation of habitat and distance effects on the detection of anuran and bird vocalizations
Authors: MacLaren Andrew R. , Crump Paul S. , Royle J. Andrew , Forstner Michael R. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAcoustic surveys of vocalizing animals are conducted to determine density, distribution, and diversity. Acoustic surveys are traditionally performed by human listeners, but automated recording devices (ARD) are becoming increasingly popular. Signal strength decays, or attenuates, with increasing distance between source and receiver and some habitat types may differentially increase attenuation beyond the effects of distance alone. These combined effects are rarely accounted for in acoustic monitoring programs. We evaluated the performance of three playback devices and three ARD models using the calls of six anurans, six birds, and four pure tones. Based on these evaluations, we determined the optimal playback and recording devices. Using these optimal devices, we broadcast and recorded vocalizations in five habitat types along 1,000 m transects. We used generalized linear models to test for effects of habitat, distance, species, environmental, and landscape variables. We predicted detection probabilities for each vocalization, in each habitat type, from 0 to 1,000 m. Among playback devices, only a remote predator caller simulated vocalizations consistently. Differences of ~10 dB were observed among ARDs. For all species, we found differences in detectability between open and closed canopy habitats. We observed large differences in predicted detection probability among species in each habitat type, as well as along 1,000 m transects. Increases in temperature, barometric pressure, and wind speed significantly decreased detection probability. However, aside from differences among species, habitat, and distance, topography impeding a line‐of‐sight between sound source and receiver had the greatest negative influence on detections. Our results suggest researchers should model the effects of habitat, distance, and frequency on detection probability when performing acoustic surveys. To optimize survey design, we recommend pilot measurements among varying habitats.
Predicting one‐year mortality in heart failure using the ‘Surprise Question’: a prospective pilot study
Authors: Straw Sam , Byrom Rowenna , Gierula John , Paton Maria F. , Koshy Aaron , Cubbon Richard , Drozd Michael , Kearney Mark , Witte Klaus K. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe Surprise Question: ‘would you be surprised if this patient were to die within the next year?’ has been shown to predict mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and cancer. This prospective study aimed to determine whether the Surprise Question could identify heart failure patients with a prognosis of less than 1 year, and whether the Surprise Question can be used by different healthcare professionals.Methods and resultsOverall, 129 consecutive patients admitted with decompensated heart failure were included. Doctors and nurses were asked to provide a ‘surprised’ or ‘not surprised’ response to the Surprise Question for each patient. Patients were followed up until death or 1 year following study inclusion. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the Surprise Question were assessed. Cox regression was used to determine covariates significantly associated with survival. The Surprise Question showed excellent sensitivity (0.85) and negative predictive value (0.88) but only fair specificity (0.59) and positive predictive value (0.52) when asked of cardiologists. There were similar levels of accuracy between doctors and specialist nurses. The Surprise Question was significantly associated with all‐cause mortality in multivariate regression analysis (hazard ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.0–7.9, P = 0.046).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the Surprise Question can identify heart failure patients within the last year of life. Despite over‐classification of patients into the ‘not surprised’ category, the Surprise Question identified nearly all patients who were within the last year of life, whilst also accurately identifying those unlikely to die.
Hillslope and point based soil erosion – an evaluation of a Landscape Evolution Model
Authors: Hancock G.R. , Wells T. , Dever C. , Braggins M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExcessive soil erosion and deposition is recognised as a significant land degradation issue. Quantifying soil erosion and deposition is a non‐trivial task. One of these methods has been the mathematical modelling of soil erosion and deposition patterns and the processes that drive them. Here we examine the capability of a landscape evolution model to predict both soil erosion rate and pattern of erosion and deposition. This numerical model (SIBERIA) uses a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to represent the landscape and calculates erosion and deposition at each grid point in the DEM. To assess field soil redistribution rates (SRR) and patterns the distribution of the environmental tracer 137Cs has been analysed. Net hill slope SRR predicted by SIBERIA (a soil loss rate of 1.7 to 4.3 t ha‐1 yr‐1) were found to be in good agreement with 137Cs based estimates (2.1 – 3.4 t ha‐1 yr‐1) providing confidence in the predictive ability of the model at the hillslope scale. However some differences in predicted erosion/deposition patterns were noted due to historical changes in landscape form (i.e. the addition of a contour bank) and possible causes discussed, as is the finding that soil erosion rates are an order of magnitude higher than likely soil production rates. The finding that SIBERIA can approximate independently quantified erosion and deposition patterns and rates is encouraging, providing confidence in the employment of DEM based models to quantify hillslope erosion rates and demonstrating the potential to upscale for the prediction of whole catchment erosion and deposition. The findings of this study suggest that LEMs can be a reliable alternative to complex and time consuming methods such as that using environmental tracers for the determination of erosion rates. The model and approach demonstrates a new approach to assessing soil erosion that can be employed elsewhere. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combined finite volumes ‐ finite elements method for a low‐Mach model
Authors: Calgaro Caterina , Colin Claire , Creusé Emmanuel 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we develop a finite volumes ‐ finite elements method based on a time splitting to simulate some low‐Mach flows. The mass conservation equation is solved by a vertex‐based finite volume scheme using a τ‐limiter. The momentum equation associated with the compressibility constraint is solved by a finite element projection scheme. The originality of the approach is twofold. First, the state equation linking the temperature, the density, and the thermodynamic pressure is imposed implicitly. Second, the proposed combined scheme preserves the constant states, in the same way as a similar one previously developed for the variable density Navier‐Stokes system. Some numerical tests are performed to exhibit the efficiency of the scheme. On the one hand, academic tests illustrate the ability of the scheme in term of convergence rates in time and space. On the other hand, our results are compared to some of the literature by simulating a transient injection flow as well as a natural convection flow in a cavity.
The term structure of systematic and idiosyncratic risk
Authors: Hollstein Fabian , Prokopczuk Marcel , Wese Simen Chardin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe study the term structure of variance (total risk), systematic, and idiosyncratic risk. Consistent with the expectations hypothesis, we find that, for the entire market, the slope of the term structure of variance is mainly informative about the path of future variance. Thus, there is little indication of a time‐varying term premium. Turning the focus to individual stocks, we cannot reject the expectations hypothesis for systematic variance, but we strongly reject it for idiosyncratic variance. Our results are robust to jumps and potential statistical biases.
Functional fat injection under local anesthesia to treat severe postsurgical dysphagia, case report
Authors: Ottaviani Francesco , Schindler Antonio , Klinger Francesco , Scarponi Letizia , Succo Giovanni , Mozzanica Francesco 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we present the first application of functional fat injection performed under local anesthesia in the treatment of severe dysphagia secondary to head and neck cancer surgery.MethodsFunctional fat injection was performed using a transcervical approach. Control of injection depth and site was performed through a transnasal flexible endoscope. The effect of surgery was evaluated through videofluoroscopy (VFS), Fiberendoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), and Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10).ResultsBefore the functional fat injection, the patient was dependent on permanent tube feeding; the VFS and FEES revealed a severe impairment of swallowing abilities. The EAT‐10 scored 26. Twelve months after surgery, the patient was on oral diet, the VFS demonstrated mild to moderate dysphagia, the FEES demonstrated aspiration only with liquids and the EAT‐10 improved.ConclusionFunctional fat injection under local anesthesia could be useful in the treatment of chronic dysphagia in selected patients.
Activity and pharmacology of homemade silver nanoparticles in refractory metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer
Authors: Singh Jasmine , Moore William , Fattah Farjana , Jiang Xingya , Zheng Jie , Kurian Pamela , Beg Muhammad S. , Khan Saad A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundSilver nanoparticles (AgNP) show efficacy in cancer cell lines. We present the first in‐human outcome of AgNP in a cancer patient.MethodsHomemade AgNP solution is manufactured using online instructions by a 78‐year old male. He started consuming AgNP while on hospice after he developed nasal cavity squamous cell cancer metastatic to liver and lung.ResultsElectron microscopy of AgNP solution revealed bimodal nanoparticle size distribution: 3 and 12 nm. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed basal silver ion concentrations of 32 ng/g, rising to 46 ng/g 1 hour after ingesting 60 mL of AgNP solution. Urine showed no AgNP. No toxicities were observed and he had complete radiographic resolution of his cancer. He remains without evidence of cancer 18 months later.ConclusionsAgNP ingestion was associated with sustained radiographic resolution of cancer. Further testing of AgNP should be done to confirm its efficacy in head and neck cancer.
Outcomes of relapsed human papillomavirus‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with curative intent
Authors: Pipkorn Patrik , Sinha Parul , Kallogjeri Dorina , Adkins Douglas , Thorstad Wade T. , Rich Jason T. , Jackson Ryan S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWith most centers reporting excellent disease control following transoral surgery for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal cancer, data are still lacking regarding management and outcomes in patients who relapse. We describe the treatment outcomes after curative intent therapy for locoregional and distant relapse following transoral surgery for HPV‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).MethodsA single institution retrospective study in which patients were identified with curatively treated loco‐regional or single site distant relapse of HPV‐related OPSCC treated initially with transoral surgery (TOS) between 1996 and 2014.ResultsAmong 279 patients, 38 (13.6%) relapsed. 21 (7.5%) had local‐regional relapse and 18 were treated with curative intent. Three‐year overall survival for loco‐regional recurrence with curatively intended treatment was 75.3% (95% confidence intervals 54.3‐96.0) with a median follow‐up 33 (range: 5‐65) months. Among 4 patients with isolated distant metastasis who were treated with curative intent, all subsequently developed second relapse of disease.ConclusionSalvage curative treatment of isolated local‐regional relapse after TOS is associated with favorable prognosis and should be offered in appropriate candidates.
Orange is the new black: Kinases are the new master regulators of tumor suppression
Authors: An Elvira , Brognard John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFor many decades, kinases have predominantly been characterized as oncogenes and drivers of tumorigenesis, because activating mutations in kinases occur in cancer with high frequency. The oncogenic functions of kinases relate to their roles as growth factor receptors and as critical mediators of mitogen‐activated pathways. Indeed, some of the most promising cancer therapeutic agents are kinase inhibitors. However, cancer genomics studies, especially screens that utilize high‐throughput identification of loss‐of‐function somatic mutations, are beginning to shed light on a widespread role for kinases as tumor suppressors. The initial characterization of tumor‐suppressing kinases— in particular members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family, MKK4 of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase family, and DAPK3 of the death‐associated protein kinase family— laid the foundation for bioinformatic approaches that enable the identification of other tumor‐suppressing kinases. In this review, we discuss the important role that kinases play as tumor suppressors, using several examples to illustrate the history of their discovery and highlight the modern approaches that presently aid in the identification of tumor‐suppressing kinases. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(6):738–748, 2019
Induction of CRMP‐2 phosphorylation by CDK5 restricts the repair of damaged optic nerve
Authors: Chen Xiaofan , Yuan Rongdi , Gao Ling , Huang Chanjuan , Fan Wei , Ye Jian , Chen Chunlin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo study the mechanism of collapsin response mediator protein‐2 (CRMP‐2) phosphorylation changes and cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) expression after optic nerve injury.MethodsOptic nerve injury rat models were constructed, the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of CRMP‐2 in optic nerve tissues was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) after building models 0, 3, 7, and 14 days. The protein expression of CRMP‐2, phospho‐CRMP‐2 (p‐CRMP‐2), and CDK5 were also determined by western blot analysis. Lentivirus overexpressing CRMP‐2 and CRMP‐2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) plasmid were designed and transfected to retina ganglion cells (RGCs), and then the neurites outgrowth of RGCs were cultured with CDK5 inhibitor or CDK5 activator was determined by tubulin staining. Inhibition on CDK5 promotes injured optic nerve by using carrying CDK5 siRNA inject into vitreous chamber.ResultsThere was no significant change in CRMP‐2 expression in optic nerve injury rat, while p‐CRMP‐2 expression was evidently increased compared with sham operation group. The expression level of CDK5 in optic nerve tissue was upregulated after optic nerve injury in rat, and the upward trend of p‐CRMP‐2 and CDK5 was consistent with the time after the injury was prolonged. Inhibition on CDK5 evidently decreased the expression of p‐CRMP‐2. CDK5 siRNA had an obvious repair effect on the injured optic nerve.ConclusionThe increase of CDK5 activity can lead to CRMP‐2 hyperphosphorylation, which results in the difficult repair of damaged optic nerve. Therefore, inhibition on CDK5 could promote the repair of damaged optic nerve.
Palbociclib plus endocrine therapy in HER2 negative, hormonal receptor‐positive, advanced breast cancer: A real‐world experience
Authors: Pizzuti Laura , Giordano Antonio , Michelotti Andrea , Mazzotta Marco , Natoli Clara , Gamucci Teresa , De Angelis Claudia , Landucci Elisabetta , Diodati Lucrezia , Iezzi Laura , Mentuccia Lucia , Fabbri Agnese , Barba Maddalena , Sanguineti Giuseppe , Marchetti Paolo , Tomao Silverio , Mariani Luciano , Paris Ida , Lorusso Vito , Vallarelli Simona , Cassano Alessandra , Aroldi Francesca , Orlandi Armando , Moscetti Luca , Sergi Domenico , Sarobba Maria Giuseppina , Tonini Giuseppe , Santini Daniele , Sini Valentina , Veltri Enzo , Vaccaro Angela , Ferrari Laura , De Tursi Michele , Tinari Nicola , Grassadonia Antonino , Greco Filippo , Botticelli Andrea , La Verde Nicla , Zamagni Claudio , Rubino Daniela , Cortesi Enrico , Magri Valentina , Pomati Giulia , Scagnoli Simone , Capomolla Elisabetta , Kayal Ramy , Scinto Angelo Fedele , Corsi Domenico , Cazzaniga Marina , Laudadio Lucio , Forciniti Samantha , Mancini Maria , Carbognin Luisa , Seminara Patrizia , Barni Sandro , Samaritani Riccardo , Roselli Mario , Portarena Ilaria , Russo Antonio , Ficorella Corrado , Cannita Katia , Carpano Silvia , Pistelli Mirco , Berardi Rossana , De Maria Ruggero , Sperduti Isabella , Ciliberto Gennaro , Vici Patrizia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractData from 423 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (HER2−), hormone receptor‐positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (aBC) patients treated with palbociclib and endocrine therapy (ET) were provided by 35 Italian cancer centers and analyzed for treatment outcomes. Overall, 158 patients were treated in first line and 265 in second/later lines. We observed 19 complete responses and 112 partial responses. The overall response rate (ORR) was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.6–35.4) and clinical benefit was 52.7% (95% CI, 48–57.5). ORR was negatively affected by prior exposure to everolimus/exemestane (
p = 0.002) and favorably influenced by early line‐treatment (
p < 0.0001). At 6 months, median progression‐free survival was 12 months (95% CI, 8–16) and median overall survival was 24 months (95% CI, 17–30). More favorable outcomes were associated with palbociclib in early lines, no visceral metastases and no prior everolimus/exemestane. The main toxicity reported was neutropenia. Our results provide further support to the use of palbociclib with ET in HER2−, HR+ aBC. Differences in outcomes across patients subsets remain largely unexplained.
Uric acid and angiotensin II additively promote inflammation and oxidative stress in human proximal tubule cells by activation of toll‐like receptor 4
Authors: Milanesi Samantha , Verzola Daniela , Cappadona Francesca , Bonino Barbara , Murugavel Abitha , Pontremoli Roberto , Garibotto Giacomo , Viazzi Francesca 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRenal proximal tubular cells (PTECs) participate in several mechanisms of innate immunity, express toll‐like receptors (TLRs), and proinflammatory cytokines. Hyperuricemia may be a promoter of inflammation and renal damage. Angiotensin II (Ang II) modulate immune and inflammatory responses in renal tubular cells. With the aim to evaluate the effect of uric acid (UA) and Ang II on oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in human PTECs, human kidney 2 (HK2) were incubated for 24 hr with UA (12 mg/dl) and Ang II (10
−7 M). HK2 were pretreated with an antagonist of TLR4 (TAK 242), valsartan or losartan. The genic expression of TLR4, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP1), and Nox4 was quantified with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, proteins were evaluated with Western blot. The incubation of HK2 either with UA or with Ang II determines an increased expression of TLR4, production of proinflammatory cytokines as MCP1 and pro‐oxidants as Nox4 (
p < 0.05). TAK 242 attenuates the expression of MCP1 induced both by UA and Ang II. Valsartan attenuated all the effects we described after exposure to Ang II but not those observed after UA exposure. At variance, pretreatment with losartan, which inhibits UA internalization, attenuates the expression of TLR4, MCP1, and Nox4 in cells previously treated with UA, Ang II, and UA plus Ang II. Proinflammatory pathways are induced in an additive manner by UA and Ang II (
p < 0.05) and might be mediated by TLR4 in PTECs. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, hyperuricemia, and innate immunity interplay in the development of chronic tubular damage and the interaction of several nephrotoxic mechanisms blunt the protective effect of RAAS inhibition.