bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and hematological cancer: epidemiological, biological and molecular evidence
Authors: Navarrete-Meneses María del Pilar , Pérez-Vera Patricia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used worldwide. The chronic effects of these compounds are of concern given that epidemiological studies have suggested an association with hematological cancer, particularly in children. However, the biological evidence at molecular and cellular levels is limited. A review on the molecular and cellular effects of pyrethroids is helpful to guide the study of the biological plausibility of the association of pyrethroids with hematological cancer. We reviewed studies suggesting that pyrethroids are genotoxic, induce genetic rearrangements, alter gene expression and modify DNA. All of these biological modifications could potentially contribute to the carcinogenic process in hematopoietic cells.
Zum Mechanismus der Molekülfelder von Diderivaten des Benzols
Authors: Schüler Hermann 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Auf Grund der Befunde der Emission sowie der Absorption in Lösungen und in der Gasphase wird bei Benzolderivaten eine Zuordnung der beobachteten Spektren getroffen, die von den Deutungen anderer Autoren abweicht. Bei Diderivaten des Benzols, die eine C=0-Gruppe in Konjugation zum Ring und als zweiten Substituenten eine NH2 -, OH-, OCH3 -oder CH3 -Gruppe enthalten, kann die spektroskopische Mannigfaltigkeit der Erscheinungen durch das Wechselspiel von drei Effekten erklärt werden.
Es handelt sich 1. um einen in der Arbeit näher diskutierten ,,S-Effekt", der eine Erhöhung der Ubergangswahrscheinlichkeit der CO-Anregung bei o-und m-Derivaten sowie eine Violettverschiebung der Benzolringanregung bei o-, m-und p-Derivaten bewirkt; 2. kann bei Substanzen der gleichen Gruppe in o-Stellung eine H-Brückenbildung erfolgen und 3. wird (nur bei den p-Derivaten) in Lösungen, aber nicht in der Gasphase, eine "Doppelmolekül"-Bildung beobachtet. Da die erwähnten Effekte sich bei den drei Isomeren (o-, m-, p-Stellung) verschieden auswirken, sollte man erwarten, daß diese Differenzierung auch im chemischen und biologischen Verhalten zum Ausdruck kommt, im Gegensatz zu den üblichen Diderivaten, bei deren Isomeren keine solche Unterschiedlichkeit auftritt.
Verdampfungsgleichgewichte von Mehrstoffgemischen III: Vielkomponentensysteme mit mehreren flüssigen Phasen
Authors: Haase Rolf 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Mehrphasengleichgewichte bei Systemen mit beliebig vielen Komponenten werden thermodynamisch behandelt. Eine Ableitung der verallgemeinerten Clausius-Clapeyronschen Gleichung für univariante Gleichgewichte mit Bestimmung der die Phasenreaktion kennzeichnenden Mengenkoeffizienten wird angegeben. Sätze über die Druck-und Temperaturextrema bei bivarianten Gleichgewichten werden gewonnen. Daraus er-geben sich Folgerungen für die Verdampfungsgleichgewichte von Mehrstoffsystemen mit mehreren flüssigen Phasen. Die kontinuierliche Verdampfung (einfache Destillation) von flüssigen Mehrphasensystemen wird diskutiert. Der Begriff der Destillationslinien (bei drei Komponenten) wird erläutert. Die Berechtigung der Übertragung dieses Begriffs auf ternäre Systeme mit zwei flüssigen Phasen wird begründet. I n einer früheren Arbeit 1 wurde die beschränkte
Double trouble: two cases of dual adrenal pathologies in one adrenal mass
Authors: Chortis Vasileios , May Christine J H , Skordilis Kassiani , Ayuk John , Arlt Wiebke , Crowley Rachel K 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Context
Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) represent an increasingly common problem in modern endocrine practice. The diagnostic approach to AIs can be challenging and occasionally reveals surprising features. Here we describe two rare cases of complex adrenal lesions consisting of phaeochromocytomas with synchronous metastases from extra-adrenal primaries.

Case descriptions
Patient 1 – a 65-year-old gentleman with a newly diagnosed malignant melanoma was found to harbour an adrenal lesion with suspicious radiographic characteristics. Percutaneous adrenal biopsy was consistent with adrenocortical adenoma. After excision of the skin melanoma and regional lymphatic metastases, he was followed up without imaging. Three years later, he presented with abdominal discomfort and enlargement of his adrenal lesion, associated with high plasma metanephrines. Adrenalectomy revealed a mixed tumour consisting of a large phaeochromocytoma with an embedded melanoma metastasis in its core. Patient 2 – a 63-year-old lady with a history of NF-1-related phaeochromocytoma 20 years ago and previous breast cancer presented with a new adrenal lesion on the contralateral side. Plasma normetanephrine was markedly elevated. Elective adrenalectomy revealed an adrenal tumour consisting of chromaffin cells intermixed with breast carcinoma cells.

Conclusions
Adrenal incidentalomas require careful evaluation to exclude metastatic disease, especially in the context of a history of previous malignancy. Adrenal biopsy provides limited and potentially misleading information. Phaeochromocytomas are highly vascularised tumours that may function as a sieve, extracting and retaining irregularly shaped cancer cells, thereby yielding adrenal masses with intriguing dual pathology.

Learning points:

Adrenal incidentalomas require careful evaluation focused on exclusion of underlying hormone excess and malignant pathology.

Adrenal biopsy can be misleading and should only be considered in select cases.

Phaeochromocytomas harbouring intratumoural metastases from other, extra-adrenal primary malignancies represent rare pathological entities that highlight the complexities that can be presented by adrenal tumours.
Differences in Effective Ploidy Drive Genome-Wide Endosperm Expression Polarization and Seed Failure in Wild Tomato Hybrids
Authors: Roth Morgane , Florez-Rueda Ana M , Städler Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractParental imbalances in the endosperm leading to impaired development and eventual hybrid seed failure are common causes of postzygotic isolation in flowering plants. Endosperm sensitivity to parental dosage is reflected by canonical phenotypes of “parental excess” in reciprocal interploid crosses. Moreover, parental-excess traits are also evident in many homoploid interspecific crosses, potentially reflecting among-lineage variation in “effective ploidy” driven by endosperm properties. However, the genetic basis of effective ploidy is unknown and genome-wide expression perturbations in parental-excess endosperms from homoploid crosses have yet to be reported. The tomato clade (Solanum section Lycopersicon), encompassing closely related diploids with partial-to-complete hybrid seed failure, provides outstanding opportunities to study these issues. Here, we compared replicated endosperm transcriptomes from six crosses within and among three wild tomato lineages. Strikingly, strongly inviable hybrid crosses displayed conspicuous, asymmetric expression perturbations that mirror previously characterized parental-excess phenotypes. Solanum peruvianum, the species inferred to have evolved higher effective ploidy than the other two, drove expression landscape polarization between maternal and paternal roles. This global expression divergence was mirrored in functionally important gene families such as MADS-box transcription factors and E3 ubiquitin ligases, and revealed differences in cell cycle tuning that match phenotypic differences in developing endosperm and mature seed size between reciprocal crosses. Our work starts to uncover the complex interactions between expression divergence, parental conflict, and hybrid seed failure that likely contributed to plant diversity.
Two approaches to hydrograph separation of the glacial river runoff using isotopic methods
Authors: Chizhova Yu. N. , Rets E. P. , Vasil'chuk Yu. K. , Tokarev I. V. , Budantseva N. A. , Kireeva M. B. 
Published: March 2019

Application of the stable isotope method in the balance equations used to calculate separation of the runoff hydrograph from the Djankuat Glacier basin is demonstrated. Simultaneous solution of equations of water, isotope and ion balances is applied to estimate contributions of different components and processes to formation of the Djankuat River runoff regime. For June 2014, we made calculations for the purpose to separate contributions of the spring (isotopically weighted) snow and winter (isotopically depleted) snow. Field works in the glacial basin Djankuat were performed during two ablation seasons, i.e. from June to September of 2013 and 2014. Two approaches were used when calculating separation of the runoff hydrograph by means of solution of systems of equations for isotopic and ion balances: 1) taking account of the isotope fractionation during snow melting, and 2) with no account for the fractionation. Separation of the hydrograph for June 2014 have shown that about 15–20% of the Djankuat River runoff is formed by spring snow melting, sometimes increasing up to 36%. Contribution of spring meltwater to the total runoff increases when the isotope fractionation during the snow melting is taken into account for the calculations. In this case, the contribution of spring snow changes from 30 to 50%.
History of sea ice in the Arctic basin: Lessons from the past for future
Authors: Borzenkova I. I. 
Published: March 2019

The process of the sea ice formation in the Arctic Ocean is analyzed for the period of the last 65 million years, i.e. from the Paleocene to the present time. Appearance of sea ice in the high latitudes is demonstrated to be caused by the negative trend in global temperatures due to decreasing of the CO2 concentration in the ancient atmosphere. Formation of seasonal and perennial ice cover in the limited area near the Pole could take place during the mid-Neogene period, about 12–13 Ma ago. However, areas of the sea icing could be obviously changed for this time during periods of the climate warming and cooling. Permanent sea ice had been formed in the early Pleistocene, i.e. about 2.0–1.8 Ma ago only. Paleoclimatic reconstructions, based on the indirect data and modeling simulation for the Holocene optimum (10–6 ka ago) and for the Last Interglacial period (the isotopic substage in the marine cross-section 5e, about 125–127 ka ago) had shown that rising of global temperatures by 1.0–1.5 °C resulted in strong decreasing of the sea ice area, and the perennial ice cover became the seasonal one. Relatively small changes in the incoming solar radiation originating during the spring-summer time due to the orbital factors played the role of a trigger for onset of the melting process. Further on, the process could be enhanced owing to difference in the albedo between the ice cover and open water. Recently, the rapid shortening of the sea ice area is noted, and in some parts of the Arctic Ocean the area is twice cut down as compared with the normal. In 2015, the record low area of the winter sea ice was observed, and therewith the maximum of the ice area shifted to the earlier period (by 15 days) as compared with the period of 1981–2010. The winter fluctuations of the sea ice areas are as much important as the summer ones, since they are the best indicators of the present-day global warming. Thus, it can be supposed that some mechanism of replacing the perennial sea ice by the seasonal ones has been started up, that is the natural process of transition from seasonal ices to the next stage that is the ice-free Arctic. On the assumption that increasing of the CO2 concentration will continue despite the efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and the radiation forcing will approach to doubling of the CO2 content, one of the scenarios of the past can be realized now.
Value of Tumor Growth Rate (TGR) as an Early Biomarker Predictor of Patients’ Outcome in Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET)—The GREPONET Study
Authors: Lamarca Angela , Crona Joakim , Ronot Maxime , Opalinska Marta , Lopez Lopez Carlos , Pezzutti Daniela , Najran Pavan , Carvhalo Luciana , Franca Bezerra Regis Otaviano , Borg Philip , Vietti Violi Naik , Vidal Trueba Hector , de Mestier Louis , Schaefer Niklaus , Sundin Anders , Costa Frederico , Pavel Marianne , Dromain Clarisse ,   on behalf of The Knowledge Network
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Tumor growth rate (TGR; percent size change per month [%/m]) is postulated to be an early radiological biomarker to overcome limitations of RECIST. This study aimed to assess the impact of TGR in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and potential clinical and therapeutic applications.

Materials and Methods
Patients (pts) with advanced grade (G) 1/2 NETs from the pancreas or small bowel initiating systemic treatment (ST) or watch and wait (WW) were eligible. Baseline and follow-up scans were retrospectively reviewed to calculate TGR at pretreatment (TGR0), first follow-up (TGRfirst), and 3(±1) months of study entry (TGR3m).

Results
Out of 905 pts screened, 222 were eligible. Best TGRfirst (222 pts) cutoff was 0.8 (area under the curve, 0.74). When applied to TGR3m (103 pts), pts with TGR3m &lt;0.8 (66.9%) versus TGR3m ≥ 0.8 (33.1%) had longer median progression-free survival (PFS; 26.3 m; 95% confidence interval [CI] 19.5–32.4 vs. 9.3 m; 95% CI, 6.1–22.9) and lower progression rate at 12 months (7.3% vs. 56.8%; p = .001). WW (vs. ST) and TGR3m ≥ 0.8 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.75; 95% CI, 2.21–6.34; p &lt; .001) were retained as factors associated with a shorter PFS in multivariable Cox regression. TGR3m (HR, 3.62; 95% CI, 1.97–6.64; p &lt; .001) was also an independent factor related to shorter PFS when analysis was limited to pts with stable disease (81 pts). Out of the 60 pts with TGR0 data available, 60% of pts had TGR0 &lt; 4%/month. TGR0 ≥ 4 %/month (HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.15–4.31; p = .018) was also an independent factor related to shorter PFS.

Conclusion
TGR is an early radiological biomarker able to predict PFS and to identify patients with advanced NETs who may require closer radiological follow-up.

Implications for Practice
Tumor growth rate at 3 months (TGR3m) is an early radiological biomarker able to predict progression-free survival and to identify patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors who may require closer radiological follow-up. It is feasible to calculate TGR3m in clinical practice and it could be a useful tool for guiding patient management. This biomarker could also be implemented in future clinical trials to assess response to therapy.
Government and school community member perception on childhood obesity prevention in the primary school settings of Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Ahmad Siti Rohaiza , Schubert Lisa , Bush Robert 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Childhood obesity is increasing in the Southeast Asian region, including in the nation of Brunei Darussalam. Within the public health focus on obesity prevention, specific settings, including primary schools, have been singled out as suitable sites for action. Recognizing that stakeholders are, in their various roles, producers of policy or implementers of practice, the purpose of this study in Brunei was to establish a baseline for interventions as well as to establish strengths and limitations in the current practice.
Methods: Semi-structured interview with government and school community stakeholders was conducted, and transcriptions were thematically analyzed.
Results: Three themes emerged from the data. The first theme was “children’s eating habits today = healthy adult population tomorrow;” many of the stakeholders believed that, if healthy eating is not practiced from an early stage, this can lead to the development of harmful diet-related diseases in the future. The second theme was “barriers to effectively addressing the issue of childhood obesity;” all were able to identify barriers such as workforce issues to address obesity prevention and health promotion activities. The third theme was “parental responsibility for children’s diet and physical activity habits.” The majority of respondents believed that parents are responsible for the rise in childhood obesity in Brunei.
Conclusions: The widespread ethos of personal responsibility for health behaviors has resulted in policies having a heavy emphasis on individual health behavior management and blame for the problem being directed primarily at parents. This individualization of the problem of childhood obesity is a barrier to the planning and implementation of ecological interventions.
Assessment of risk factors for hypertension in Dormaa municipality in Ghana using the World Health Organization STEPS approach
Authors: Atibila Fidelis , Dabo Ellis Owusu , Asamani James Avoka , Adjei Charles Ampong , Akugri Francis Abande , Attafuah Priscilla Adumoah 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Hypertension (HPT) is a significant public health challenge worldwide and is the single most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. As life expectancy rates improve in Ghana and the prevalence of risk factors increase, the burden of non-communicable diseases such as HPT is also expected to increase. However, little is known about the specific factors that predispose of Ghanaians to a higher risk of HPT.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Dormaa Municipality in Ghana using the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to investigate risk factors for HPT. Study participants were recruited by probability proportional sampling technique. In all, 202 males and 198 females participated in this study.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 50.06 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.46–51.66). In all, 40% of all participants in this study had elevated blood pressure (BP) (BP ≥140/90 mmHg). Further, the rate of isolated systolic HPT was 11.2% among the study population (12.9% in males and 9.6% in females). Risk factors as measured in the population were advancing age >45 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.745, CI 1.20–6.30, p = 0.017), gender (44.6% males versus 35.4% females with elevated BP, male OR = 0.492, CI 0.28–0.86, p = 0.012), and tobacco use (OR = 2.66, CI 1.41–5.04, p = 0.003). Males reported higher mean portions of fruits (p = 0.036) and vegetable servings than females (p = 0.009) and spent more time each day on physical activities compared to females (p = 0.000).
Conclusion: The results of the present study provide useful data on HPT prevalence and associated risk factors in the Dormaa Municipality and the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. To be able to control HPT in the municipality, health practitioners and policymakers should focus on these modifiable risk factors.
Contractual Preemptive Rights: Russian Doctrine and European Tradition in the Context of Russian Civil Code Reform
Authors: Velichko Veronika , Terdi Ekaterina 
Published: March 2019

Problems associated with the possibility of the stipulation of preemptive rights by contract and their effective protection are researched in this article. Based on the examples of German, French and Swiss civil legislation, we establish that contractual preemption is widely used in Europe as a convenient instrument to formalize the interests of the participants in a civil turnover. In this connection, in Russian civil doctrine, the widespread idea that preemptive rights may be stipulated only by law, not by contract, should be revised.We state that the essence of the institution of preemptive rights predetermines its remedy. Historically Russian civil law provides specific remedy in case of breach of the most spread statutory preemptive rights. It is a claim by the entitled person (holder of preemption) against a third party (counterparty of obliged person whose contract breached the preemption) to transfer from the third party to the entitled person the rights and duties that arose under the contract between the third party and the obliged person. This remedy is more efficient for the entitled person than damages. In accordance with the principle of good faith, it may be used only in cases in which the third party knew or should have known about preemption. However, this requirement is complied in relation to protection of statutory preemptions only. As far as both contractual preemptive rights and contracts stipulated the latter are not recognized and not registered in Russia, such suit will be dismissed by court. The lack of effective protection of contractual preemptions impedes the creation of full-fledge system of preemptive rights in Russian civil law.In order to create effective mechanism of protection of contractual preemptive rights by giving the participants of a civil turnover the opportunity to ascertain if there is a contractual preemptions, we suggest that Russian civil legislation should be added by two registration systems. The first is a system for the registration of contracts that stipulate preemptions over immovable property (or registration of the preemptions itself which is better) provided by the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography of the Russian Federation. The second is a system for the registration of notifications on the conclusion of contracts that stipulate contractual preemptive rights over movable things that could be established by an expansion of the existing system for the e-registration of notifications оf pledges of movable things under the jurisdiction of the Federal Chamber of Notaries of the Russian Federation.
The Adversarial System in the Criminal Process of Ukraine: Technical and Legal Aspects
Authors: Stolitnii Anton 
Published: March 2019

This article substantiates the author’s scientific concept of electronic criminal proceedings, as regards the use thereof in the adversarial system, which would involve the formation of criminal proceedings as an electronic file, and the procedural interaction of the subjects of proceedings in an electronic law enforcement environment. The tasks of this article are as follows: analysis of issues that may arise when establishing such adversarial system in the criminal process of Ukraine; study of foreign experience of involving a defense lawyer in electronic criminal procedural processes; and development of proposals for improving the domestic practice of law enforcement.The Uniform Register of Pre-trial Investigations (URPI) has been defined as an electronic procedural document and an integral segment of criminal proceedings. The analysis of the electronic segment of the pre-trial investigation shows that the lawyer’s procedural status needs to be improved by his/her involvement in the URPI. Based on the analysis of the experience of electronic criminal proceedings in the province of Alberta (Canada), the Czech Republic, Sweden, and Kazakhstan, proposals have been drawn up to bring the defense to the URPI.As a result of the study, the author identified the legal and technical aspects of involving an attorney in electronic criminal proceedings, which suggested successive practical steps in creating personal virtual accounts, an algorithm for involving a defense lawyer in proceedings, and reforming the Uniform Register of Lawyers of Ukraine (URLU) as an electronic procedural legalization instrument.