bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the potential of marine Natura 2000 sites to produce ecosystem‐wide effects in rocky reefs: A case study from Sardinia Island (Italy)
Authors: Guidetti Paolo , Addis Piero , Atzori Fabrizio , Bussotti Simona , Calò Antonio , Cau Alessandro , Culioli Jean‐Michel , De Lucia Giuseppe , Di Franco Antonio , Di Lorenzo Manfredi , Follesa Maria Cristina , Gazale Vittorio , Massaro Giorgio , Mura Francesco , Navone Augusto , Pala David , Panzalis Pier Augusto , Pusceddu Antonio , Ruiu Alberto , Cau Angelo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

A number of policy measures have been adopted to cope with ongoing ocean degradation. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are among them. MPAs and their coverage have increased worldwide, including in EU waters. Natura 2000 (Nat2000) sites are at the core of the EU biodiversity conservation strategy and have been established to protect habitats and species included in two EU directives. Besides their specific objectives, their potential to contribute to an ecosystem‐wide conservation and their complementarity with other national and supranational initiatives (e.g. nationally established MPA networks, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Convention on Biological Diversity Ecosystem‐Based Approach) have been called into question.
Using visual censuses on rocky reefs, the biomass of whole fish assemblages and of a set of ecologically important species (widely used as indicators of coastal marine ecosystem health) have been assessed to evaluate the potential ecosystem‐wide effectiveness of Nat2000 marine sites located along the coasts of Sardinia (Italy). The assessment was performed in six fully protected MPAs, in 12 Nat2000 sites established or extending at sea, and in 18 adjacent unprotected control sites.
Results show that the highest fish biomasses are observed in fully protected MPAs. The values observed at Nat2000 sites do not differ or only slightly differ from those observed at control sites. This shows that Nat2000 sites may not presently contribute to effectively protect fish and the related rocky reef ecosystems.
These results do not dismiss at all the role of Nat2000 sites relative to the objectives for which they have been established. However, they show that to achieve ecosystem‐wide benefits it is crucial to rethink and broaden the scope of Nat2000 sites and adapt their management to that. By providing sounder and more comprehensive management plans, and implementing more consistent ecosystem‐wide conservation measures, Nat2000 marine sites could become an extraordinary tool at the EU scale, capable of delivering wider ecological benefits.
Multi‐objective optimal motion control of a laboratory helicopter based on parallel simple cell mapping method
Authors: Qin Zhi‐Chang , Xin Ying , Sun Jian‐Qiao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a study of multi‐objective optimal design of nonlinear control systems and has validated the control design with a twin rotor model helicopter. The gains of the porportional integral differential (PID) control are designed in the framework of multi‐objective opitmization. Eight design paramaters are optimized to minimize six time‐domain objective objective functions. The study of multi‐objective optimal design of feedback control with such a number of design paramaters and objective functions is rare in the literature. The Pareto optimal solutions are obtained by the proposed parallel simple cell mapping method consisting of a robust Pareto set recovery algorithm and a rolling subdivision technique. The proposed parallel simple cell mapping algorithm has two features: the number of cells in the invariant set grows linearly with the rolling subdivisions, and the Pareto set is insensitive to the inital set of seed cells. The current control design is compared with the classical LQE control for linear systems, and is also experimentally validated. The current design provides improved control performance as compares with the LQR control, and is applicable to complex nonlinear systems.
Stabanker für dünne Carbonbetonwände
Authors: Wagner Juliane , Mende Katrin , Kraft Robert , Holschemacher Klaus , Curbach Manfred 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCarbonbeton ist in der Welt der Bauingenieure bei Weitem kein Fremdwort mehr. Aufgrund seiner sehr guten Dauerhaftigkeit und der Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Carbonbewehrung hat er sich vor allem als Baustoff für schlanke und filigrane Bauteile einen Namen gemacht. So ist er beispielsweise auch für die Verwendung in den Wandschalen von Elementwänden und somit zur Verringerung ihrer Schalendicken geeignet. Aufgrund der damit verbundenen geringeren Einbindetiefe wird jedoch die Verwendung herkömmlicher Einbauteile problematisch. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein neuartiger Stabanker zur Verbindung der beiden Wandschalen entwickelt und mechanisch und bauphysikalisch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der ersten Untersuchungen werden in dem vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt.
Mobile‐powered head‐mounted displays versus cave automatic virtual environment experiments for evacuation research
Authors: Ronchi Enrico , Mayorga David , Lovreglio Ruggiero , Wahlqvist Jonathan , Nilsson Daniel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDifferent virtual reality (VR) experimental tools and equipment are available for evacuation research, ranging from highly immersive systems such as cave automatic virtual environments (CAVEs) to head‐mounted displays (HMDs). In particular, mobile‐powered HMDs are an extremely cost‐efficient solution, for which the research potential for evacuation studies needs to be assessed. This study compares the results of tunnel evacuation experiments aimed at investigating the design of flashing lights on emergency exit portals using two different VR methods (CAVE vs. mobile‐powered HMD). The experiments were performed by repeating the same case study in a CAVE laboratory and a low‐cost mobile‐powered HMD. The CAVE experiment involved 96 participants, whereas the HMD experiment involved 55 participants. An affordance‐based questionnaire was used to interview participants immersed in a VR road tunnel emergency evacuation scenario and rank different emergency portal designs. Questionnaire results show consistency between the two experimental methods for the variables investigated, thus leading to be in favor of the use of low‐cost mobile‐powered HMD tools in evacuation scenarios with a relatively limited level of complexity.
Developmental delay, coarse facial features, and epilepsy in a patient with EXT2 gene variants
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Ewing Sarah A. , Renaud Deborah L. , Hasadsri Linda , Raymond Kimiyo M. , Klee Eric W. , Gavrilova Ralitza H. 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageWe report a patient with developmental delay, autism, epilepsy, macrocephaly, facial dysmorphism, gastrointestinal, and behavioral issues due to EXT2 compound heterozygous likely pathogenic variants. This case report expands the EXT2 gene mutation database and the clinical spectrum of patients with deficiencies in the heparan sulfate pathway.
Intravenous administration of Milrinone, as an alternative approach to treat vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage: A case report of transcranial Doppler monitoring
Authors: Santos‐Teles Alex Goes , Passos Rogério Hora , Panerai Ronney B. , Ramalho Clara , Farias Suzete , Rosa João G , Gobatto André , Benigno Paulo , Caldas Juliana Ribeiro 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageThis case illustrates the importance and potential of having TCD monitoring in intensive care. This easy‐to‐use, safe, low‐cost, and bedside tool allows evaluation of the safety and feasibility of an alternative treatment of VSP in SCH and demonstrates the potential to avoid the use of angiography, a high cost, invasive procedure.
Hypermobile type Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome associated with hypogammaglobulinemia and fibromyalgia: A case‐based review on new classification, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management
Authors: Zhang Wei , Windsor Kevin , Jones Richard , Taunton David Oscar 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageHypermobile type Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is an underdiagnosed connective tissue disorder characterized by generalized joint hypermobility, chronic fatigue, widespread joints pain, and impaired quality of life. Here, we reported the first hEDS complicated by hypogammaglobulinemia. New insights into classification, diagnosis, and proper management of hEDS are also reviewed.
Alkali Blues: Blue‐Emissive Alkali Metal Pyrrolates
Authors: Back Oliver , Förster Christoph , Basché Thomas , Heinze Katja 
Published: February 2019

Abstract2‐Iminopyrroles [HtBuL, 4‐tert‐butyl phenyl(pyrrol‐2‐ylmethylene)amine] are non‐fluorescent π systems. However, they display blue fluorescence after deprotonation with alkali metal bases in the solid state and in solution at room temperature. In the solid state, the alkali metal 2‐imino pyrrolates, M(tBuL), aggregate to dimers, [M(tBuL)(NCR)]2 (M=Li, R=CH3, CH(CH3)CNH2), or polymers, [M(tBuL)]n (M=Na, K). In solution (solv=CH3CN, DMSO, THF, and toluene), solvated, uncharged monomeric species M(tBuL)(solv)m with N,N′‐chelated alkali metal ions are present. Due to the electron‐rich pyrrolate and the electron‐poor arylimino moiety, the M(tBuL) chromophore possesses a low‐energy intraligand charge‐transfer (ILCT) excited state. The chelated alkali cations rigidify the chromophore, restricting intramolecular motions (RIM) by the chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect in solution and, consequently, switch‐on a blue fluorescence emission.
Gold(II) Porphyrins in Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions
Authors: Preiß Sebastian , Päpcke Ayla , Burkhardt Lukas , Großmann Luca , Lochbrunner Stefan , Bauer Matthias , Opatz Till , Heinze Katja 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the context of solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion, inspired by natural photosynthesis, the synthesis, electrochemical properties and photoinduced electron‐transfer processes of three novel zinc(II)‐gold(III) bis(porphyrin) dyads [ZnII(P)–AuIII(P)]+ are presented (P: tetraaryl porphyrin). Time‐resolved spectroscopic studies indicated ultrafast dynamics (k
>1010 s−1) after visible‐light excitation, which finally yielded a charge‐shifted state [ZnII(P⋅+)–AuII(P)]+ featuring a gold(II) center. The lifetime of this excited state is quite long due to a comparably slow charge recombination (k
≈3×108 s−1). The [ZnII(P⋅+)–AuII(P)]+ charge‐shifted state is reductively quenched by amines in bimolecular reactions, yielding the neutral zinc(II)–gold(II) bis(porphyrin) ZnII(P)–AuII(P). The electronic nature of this key gold(II) intermediate, prepared by chemical or photochemical reduction, is elucidated by UV/Vis, X‐band EPR, gold L3‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and paramagnetic 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as by quantum chemical calculations. Finally, the gold(II) site in ZnII(P)–AuII(P) is thermodynamically and kinetically competent to reduce an aryl azide to the corresponding aryl amine, paving the way to catalytic applications of gold(III) porphyrins in photoredox catalysis involving the gold(III/II) redox couple.
Drug Discovery for Pemphigoid Diseases
Authors: Kasprick Anika , Bieber Katja , Ludwig Ralf J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPemphigoid diseases (PDs) are a group of autoimmune bullous diseases characterized and caused by autoantibodies targeting structural proteins of the skin and mucous membranes. Chronic inflammation, subepidermal blistering, and often scaring are the clinical characteristics of PDs. Itching and, in severe cases, disabilities resulting from scaring (i.e., blindness, esophageal strictures) are the leading subjective symptoms. Treatment of PDs, which is based on nonspecific immunosuppression, is challenging because of frequent relapses, lack of efficacy, and numerous adverse events. In addition, the incidence of PDs is increasing. Given the high morbidity, limited therapeutic options, and increasing incidence, there is a growing urgency for drug discovery to help treat this condition. The recent development of PD model systems has added to the understanding of PD pathogenesis and, based on these insights, new clinical trials will soon be launched. The (auto‐)antibody transfer PD models allow for investigations into autoantibody‐mediated tissue pathology, while immunization‐induced PD models more closely resemble the clinical situation. The latter duplicate all aspects of the human disease and are useful for investigating PD pathogenesis and testing therapeutic interventions. This article describes antibody transfer and immunization‐induced PD mouse models currently employed for translational PD research. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Near‐Infrared Light Driven Photopolymerization Based On Photon Upconversion
Authors: Chen Zhijun , Wang Xue , Li Shujun , Liu Shouxin , Miao Hui , Wu Si 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light is an ideal source for initiating polymerization because of the lower energy of NIR photons and considering that NIR light usually has deeper penetration depth in materials than UV light. Recently, lanthanide‐doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were used for NIR photopolymerization. UCNPs convert NIR light to UV or visible light, which can subsequently be absorbed by photosensitizers or photoinitiators. Subsequently, the excited photosensitizers/photoinitiators trigger polymerization. This process is referred to UCNP‐assisted photopolymerization. Herein, recent progress in UCNP‐assisted photopolymerization is introduced, applications of materials prepared via this type of reaction are highlighted, and the associated challenges are discussed.
Investigation of maximum lifetime and minimum delay trade‐off in underwater sensor networks
Authors: Yildiz Huseyin Ugur 
Published: February 2019

SummaryUnderwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) are subjected to harsh characteristics of underwater acoustic channel such as severe path losses, noise, and high propagation delays. Among these constraints, propagation delay (more generally, end‐to‐end delay) is the most dominating limitation especially for time‐critical UASN applications. Although the minimization of end‐to‐end delay can be achieved by using the minimum hop routing, this solution cannot lead prolonged lifetimes since nodes consume excessive energy for transmission over long links. On the other hand, the maximization of network lifetime is possible by using energy efficient paths, which consist of relatively short links but high number of hops. However, this solution results in long end‐to‐end delays. Hence, there is a trade‐off between maximizing the network lifetime and minimizing the end‐to‐end delay in UASNs. In this work, we develop a novel multi‐objective–optimization (MOO) model that jointly maximizes the network lifetime while minimizing the end‐to‐end delay. We systematically analyze the effects of limiting the end‐to‐end delay on UASN lifetime. Our results reveal that the minimum end‐to‐end delay routing solution results in at most 72.93% reduction in maximum network lifetimes obtained without any restrictions on the end‐to‐end delay. Nevertheless, relaxing the minimum end‐to‐end delay constraint at least by 30.91% yields negligible reductions in maximum network lifetimes.
Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: A dose‐response meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Tian Gang , Guo Chunmei , Li Quanman , Liu Yu , Sun Xizhuo , Yin Zhaoxia , Li Honghui , Chen Xu , Liu Xuejiao , Zhang Dongdong , Cheng Cheng , Liu Leilei , Liu Feiyan , Zhou Qionggui , Wang Chongjian , Li Linlin , Wang Bingyuan , Zhao Yang , Liu Dechen , Zhang Ming , Hu Dongsheng 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been debated for several decades. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to quantitatively clarify the association between birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on cohort studies. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for cohort study articles on the association between birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus published up to 1 March 2018. Random effects of generalized least square regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR). Restricted cubic splines were conducted to model the dose‐response relationship. We included 21 studies (19 articles) involving 1 041 879 individuals and 35 699 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with follow‐up ranged from 6 to 47 years. We identified significant decreasing trend for the highest versus lowest category of birth weight for the association with type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: The risk was reduced by 35% (RR, 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53‐0.81) and by 12% (RR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85‐0.91) per 500‐g increment in birth weight. Our results showed a dose‐response relationship between birth weight and diabetes risk, which was nonlinear (Pnonlinearity < 0.001) and L‐shaped. With increasing birth weight (<5000 g), the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus decreased substantially. The association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus was curvilinear and L‐shaped.
Burning and mowing similarly increase prairie plant production in the spring, but not due to increased soil temperatures
Authors: Dickson Timothy L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBurning and mowing are two of the most common grassland disturbances across millions of hectares worldwide, but uncertainty remains about when and why these disturbances increase plant production. One of the main hypotheses for increased plant production is that disturbances increase soil temperature in the early growing season and thereby increase plant growth. I tested this hypothesis using a multi‐decade study of the frequency (annual or quadrennial) and season (spring, summer, or autumn) of reconstructed tallgrass prairie burning and mowing. To determine plant production, I measured aboveground biomass during three periods of the 2015 growing season: (1) prior to mid‐May; (2) mid‐May to early July; and (3) early July to the end of the growing season in late September. I also measured soil temperatures from May 2014 to January 2016. This unique dataset allows a detailed picture of when burning and mowing are increasing plant production and whether these increases are likely caused by soil temperatures. I found that, compared to other treatments, autumn burning and mowing similarly increased plant production from the beginning of the growing season to mid‐May (autumn disturbances increased production from 37 to 77 g/m2) and, compared to other treatments, both autumn and spring burning and mowing similarly increased plant production from mid‐May to early July (autumn and spring disturbances increased production from 363 to 439 g/m2). Mowing had little effect on soil temperature but burning increased average daily maximum soil temperature at 2.5 cm depth by 6.4°C in the month after burning. Overall, these results suggest that burning did not increase early growing season plant production due to increased soil temperature, given that mowing similarly affected plant production but did not similarly affect soil temperature. I explore alternate explanations for changes in plant production, including increased light and nutrient availability, and decreased detritus.
Theoretical analysis of the influence of drilling compaction on compressional wave velocity in hydrate‐bearing sediments
Authors: Li Lijia , Luo Yongjiang , Peng Jianming , Liao Zhiwei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBorehole wall would be disturbed during sampling when drilling into gas hydrate‐bearing sediments, thereby changing the reservoir physical characteristics obtained by well logging. It would cause significant errors using such logging data to estimate the reservoir parameters such as hydrate saturation and mechanical properties. In this paper, the theoretical method of combination cavity expansion theory with the time‐average equation to predict the compressional velocity (Vp) of hydrate‐bearing sediment after drilling disturbance were proposed based on the hypothesis that the compaction of hydrate‐bearing sediments only causes the porosity change in sediments. The theoretical derivation process of calculation the porosity change caused by drilling compaction based on both Tresca's yield criteria and Mohr–Coulomb yield criteria were presented in detail. And the influence of drilling compaction on Vp were discussed by theory method developed in this paper and experimental method. Both theory‐based results and experimental results show that the Vp difference caused by drilling compaction is considerable. Drilling compaction would cause the increase in Vp, and the increment increase with the increase of bit weight, and samples with low hydrate concentrations would be more sensitive to bit weight variations. The proposed method is feasible to simplify the influences of complex processes involved in the disturbance of hydrate‐bearing sediments during drilling.
Provenance and palaeoenvironment of Upper Devonian Shetianqiao Formation mudstones in Shaoyang Sag, Xiangzhong Depression, Central China
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Baomin , Zhang Guotao , Li Hai , Lin Weibing , Chen Ping , Hu Haiyan , Tian Wei 
Published: February 2019

The Upper Devonian Shetianqiao Formation mudstones are considered to be the most petroliferous shale gas source rocks in the Shaoyang Sag of Xiangzhong Depression in China. These Shetianqiao dark mudstones have been collected systematically to investigate their geochemical characteristics by analysing their major elements, trace elements, and rare earth elements (REEs), in order to reveal their provenance, palaeoenvironment and tectonic setting. The results show that the total REEs content (ΣREE) of dark mudstone is 34.22–246.62 ppm (average 131.66 ppm) and characterized by low ΣREE, light rare earth element (LREE) enrichments, negative Eu anomalies, and minor negative Ce anomalies. The normalized distribution pattern of REE, Eu anomaly, as well as discrimination diagrams of trace elements and REEs, are applied to explain the source rock types and properties of Shetianqiao mudstones. The results indicate that the sediments have a weak sedimentary recycling and mainly originated from the upper continental crust, and the source rocks of the black mudstones are mainly constituted by felsic granite. The Ce anomaly, Th/U, V/Sc, V/Cr, and V/(Ni + V) ratios of the dark mudstones suggest a long‐term oxidizing depositional environment interrupted by a short period of a dysoxic/anoxic depositional environment in the middle section of the formation. This short period corresponds to a dramatic marine transgression with relatively high TOC. The La/Ce, LaN/SmN, Ce anomaly, and normalized REE distribution pattern characteristics indicate that the depositional process of the Shetianqiao mudstones has consistently been influenced by the regional upwelling hydrothermal activities. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) and Al2O3‐(CaO* + Na2O)‐K2O triangular plot reveal that a warm and humid climate with moderate chemical weathering in the source areas of the Shetianqiao mudstones occurred during the deposition. The ratio of major elements, trace elements, and REEs are used to analyse the tectonic setting of the depositional area which suggests that the source area is dominated by continental island arc tectonic setting. Combined with the previous regional studies, it is concluded that the continental island arc granite formed by plate collisions in the Caledonian stage constitutes the main source of the Shaoyang Sag during the Shetianqiao period. The depositional environment was not stable due to the lasting influence of deep hydrothermal activities. The upwelling currents controlled by hydrothermal activity transport nutrients to the study area, resulting in the formation of organic‐rich mudstones.