bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol withdrawal-related outcomes associated with gabapentin use in an inpatient psychiatric facility
Authors: Nichols Taylor A. , Robert Sophie , Taber David J. , Cluver Jeffrey 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Limited evidence exists evaluating the impact of gabapentin in conjunction with benzodiazepines for the management of alcohol withdrawal. A review of outcomes associated with combination gabapentin and benzodiazepine therapy may illuminate new therapeutic uses in clinical practice.

Methods
This retrospective study evaluated the impact of gabapentin on as-needed use of benzodiazepines in inpatients being treated for acute alcohol withdrawal. The treatment cohort consisted of patients prescribed gabapentin while on a symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal protocol. The control cohort consisted of patients on symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal protocol without concurrent gabapentin use. Secondary objectives included length of hospital stay, duration on alcohol withdrawal protocol, frequency of complicated withdrawal, and use of additionally prescribed as-needed or scheduled benzodiazepines.

Results
The gabapentin cohort was on the alcohol withdrawal protocol for a similar duration, compared with the control cohort (median of 4 [interquartile range: 2,6] days vs 3 [2,4] days, P = .09, respectively). Similarly, the gabapentin cohort required a median of 1 [1,2] benzodiazepine dose for alcohol withdrawal symptoms compared with a median of 1 [1,2] dose in the control cohort, P = .89. No significant difference was found between cohorts for as-needed and scheduled benzodiazepine use. Length of stay in hospital was similar between groups.

Discussion
These results suggest that gabapentin use, in conjunction with benzodiazepines, impacts neither the time on alcohol withdrawal protocol or the number of benzodiazepine doses required for withdrawal. Larger, prospective studies are needed to detect if gabapentin alters benzodiazepine usage and to better elucidate gabapentin's role in acute alcohol withdrawal.
Antipsychotic use and fracture risk: An evaluation of incidence at a Veterans Affairs medical center
Authors: Weaver Jabe , Kawsky Jaclyn , Corboy Alexander 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Recent meta-analyses have found a correlation between schizophrenia and increased fracture risk with one contributing factor potentially being antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia, which may accelerate bone turnover. The objective of this study is to evaluate fracture rates in patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy to see if screening for osteoporosis should be included with routine monitoring.

Methods
Patients exposed to antipsychotics for ≥3 months during a 10-year study period were included in this retrospective analysis. The primary outcome was to compare fracture rates in those exposed to long-term antipsychotics to a control group with similar demographics and comorbidities not receiving antipsychotics. Secondary outcomes included examining the risk of fracture by medication use and comorbid disease states associated with causing osteoporosis, vitamin D level monitoring and fracture presence, and the time to first fracture.

Results
Long-term use of antipsychotics was not associated with an increased rate of fractures compared to the control group in this study. End-stage renal disease, tobacco use, alcohol use, glucocorticoids, antiepileptics, and proton pump inhibitors were associated with higher risk of fracture (P &lt; .05). Vitamin D level monitoring and supplementation was found to be a protective factor and lowered the risk of fracture.

Discussion
Long-term antipsychotic use is not associated with an increased risk of fractures. Further long-term prospective studies are necessary to further investigate this correlation. Screening for osteoporosis should follow guideline-driven recommendations for at-risk populations.
Evaluation of oral antipsychotic supplementation of select second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics in an acute-care psychiatric setting
Authors: Alastanos Jennifer N. , Paxos Chris , Emshoff Jessica 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics were developed to increase medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved LAI dosing provides guidance regarding oral antipsychotic supplementation. Previous studies have concluded concomitant use of oral and LAI antipsychotics requires further investigation. The aim of this study was to examine oral antipsychotic supplementation among patients receiving select second-generation LAIs.

Methods
Patients were included if they were admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit and received a second-generation LAI. The primary outcome was to determine the percentage of patients receiving oral antipsychotic supplementation prescribed in accordance with FDA recommendations. Secondary outcomes described oral supplementation prescribed in an inconsistent manner with FDA recommendations and identified patient-specific predictors associated with oral supplementation prescribed consistent with FDA recommendations.

Results
Of the 422 patients evaluated, 376 patients met inclusion criteria. Oral supplementation was prescribed in a manner consistent with FDA recommendations in 30% of patients. The following predictors were associated with oral supplementation prescribed in accordance with FDA recommendations: LAI initiation (odds ratio 1.868, 95% confidence interval 1.120-3.125) and the use of the once-monthly paliperidone LAI (odds ratio 20.278, 95% confidence interval 10.472-39.873).

Discussion
In the patient population evaluated, oral supplementation of LAI antipsychotics were prescribed in 30% of patients in a manner consistent with FDA recommendations. Of the patients who were prescribed oral antipsychotic supplementation inconsistent with FDA labeling, 223 patients were prescribed oral supplementation longer than the recommended duration and 8 patients received oral supplementation for a shorter duration than recommended.
Relationship between mirtazapine dose and incidence of adrenergic side effects: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Shuman Michael , Chukwu Athena , Van Veldhuizen Nathan , Miller Steven A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Mirtazapine is an antidepressant with US Food and Drug Administration approval for management of major depressive disorder. Low doses of mirtazapine are often used for management of insomnia, with higher doses expected to provide more noradrenergic effect, and thus a higher degree of activation. If so, use of higher doses at bedtime may not be advisable and may worsen certain neuropsychiatric symptoms. No studies have been performed to evaluate these outcomes.

Methods
This study consisted of a retrospective review of data submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System from January 1, 1995, to August 1, 2015. Cases that were deemed by study authors to represent activation of the noradrenergic system, and for which other confounders could not be identified, were included in the final analysis. The frequency of each specific adverse event was evaluated based on dose and compared to recent prescribing rates to determine if likelihood of a side effect increased with higher dose.

Results
The study identified 308 incidences of anxiety, agitation, delusion, hallucination, hypertension, insomnia, nightmare, or tachycardia. After controlling for frequency of prescribing at a given dose, there was a statistically significant increase in rates of tachycardia which correlated with dose. However, after correction for multiple comparisons, results were no longer significant.

Discussion
This study failed to support the hypothesis that mirtazapine is more activating at higher doses and appears to support the safety of increasing dose without increasing risk of noradrenergic side effects. Prospective studies will be necessary to confirm these findings.
The bicycle accident in Brazil: an integrative review / Os acidentes de bicicleta no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Tavares Fábio Lucio , Costa Leite Franciele Marabotti , Lima Eliane de Fatima Almeida , Mendes de Melo Evandro Bernardino , Monteiro da Silva Thiago Augusto Soares , Coelho Maria José 
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica acerca dos acidentes de bicicleta produzidos no Brasil. Método: revisão integrativa com propósito de responder à questão “Qual o conhecimento científico já produzido no Brasil sobre acidentes de bicicleta?” Os dados foram coletados no período de junho a agosto de 2015 nas bases MEDLINE e LILACS, artigos em português e inglês, utilizando-se os descritores: “ciclismo”, “acidentes de trânsito”, “Brasil”, “saúde pública”, “epidemiologia” e “mortalidade”. Resultados: Foram analisados 15 artigos agrupados em duas categorias: perfil epidemiológico das lesões e perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes. Conclusões: Nota-se ser necessário ampliar os estudos referentes a este tema, nos diferentes estados brasileiros, uma vez que os acidentes de bicicleta passam a ter papel importante no campo da Saúde, em especial para a Enfermagem, que irá planejar e implementar cuidados com as vítimas.
Knowledge of nurses about the clinical management of breastfeeding: knowledge and practices / O conhecimento do enfermeiro acerca do manejo clínico da amamentação: saberes e práticas
Authors: Souza Rosangela de Mattos Pereira de , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Branco Maria Bertilla Lutterbach Riker , Lopes Fernanda de Oliveira , Santos Márcia Vieira dos 
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros na realização das estratégias para o manejo clínico da amamentação. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, sendo participantes quarenta e sete enfermeiros das maternidades públicas da Região Metropolitana II do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entrevistados com base em um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, sendo os dados coletados submetidos à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Na análise, optou-se pela formulação de categorias temáticas. Resultados: no manejo clínico do aleitamento materno evidencia-se o conhecimento teórico e científico acerca da amamentação pelos enfermeiros, além de serem eles facilitadores da prática da amamentação, intervindo nos agravos resultantes da prática do aleitamento materno inadequado. Conclusão: Percebeu-se que os enfermeiros estão capacitados com competência e habilidades necessárias para favorecer a saúde da mulher e da criança em prol do sucesso da amamentação.
High‐Performance Ambipolar Polymers Based on Electron‐Withdrawing Group Substituted Bay‐Annulated Indigo
Authors: Yang Jie , Jiang Yaqian , Tu Zeyi , Zhao Zhiyuan , Chen Jinyang , Yi Zhengran , Li Yifan , Wang Shuai , Yi Yuanping , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor donor–acceptor conjugated polymers, it is an effective strategy to improve their electron mobilities by introducing electron‐withdrawing groups (EWGs, such as F, Cl, or CF3) into the polymer backbone. However, the introduction of different EWGs always requires a different synthetic approach, leading to additional arduous work. Here, an effective two‐step method is developed to obtain EWG substituted bay‐annulated indigo (BAI) units. This method is effective to introduce various EWGs (F, Cl, or CF3) into BAI at different substituted positions. Based on this method, EWG substituted BAI acceptors, including 2FBAI, 2ClBAI, and 2CF3BAI, are reported for the first time. Furthermore, four polymers of PBAI‐V, P2FBAI‐V, P2ClBAI‐V, and P4OBAI‐V are developed. All the polymers show ambipolar transport properties. Particularly, P2ClBAI‐V exhibits remarkable hole and electron mobilities of 4.04 and 1.46 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. These mobilities are among the highest values for BAI‐based polymers.
Inherent Guanidine Nanogels with Durable Antibacterial and Bacterially Antiadhesive Properties
Authors: Han Hua , Zhu Jie , Wu De‐Qun , Li Fa‐Xue , Wang Xue‐Li , Yu Jian‐Yong , Qin Xiao‐Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSince bacterial infections seriously threaten human's health, considerable attention is devoted to the design of nanoscale antibacterial materials. Among them, metal nanoparticles cannot meet the requirements of durable antibacterial effects and are harmful to biological environments. In this study, environmentally friendly nanogels with durable antibacterial and antiadhesion properties are prepared by copolymerization of styrene, polycaprolactone‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride methacrylate. The resultant nanogels possess regular spherical morphologies with the size of about 200 nm. The nanogels exhibit a strong ability to kill bacteria and the mechanism is different from that of conventional antibacterial agent loaded nanoparticles. In addition, anti‐infection experiments explored by a wound model confirm the nanogels have the capability to prevent infection. Furthermore, the nanogels grafted on the surface of cotton fibers display good thermal stability, which is essential for finishing of fabrics. The cotton fabrics finished with nanogels can prevent the adhesion of bacteria by enhancing the hydrophobicity and the bacteriostatic rate. The antibacterial fabrics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are still more than 86% active after 50 times of mechanical washing. The biocompatible nanogels are unleachable from the antibacterial fabrics which demonstrate that they are ideal candidates for durable and environmental‐friendly nanoscaled antimicrobial materials.
Improved Interface and Electrical Properties by Inserting an Ultrathin SiO2 Buffer Layer in the Al2O3/Si Heterojunction
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Choi Jae‐Young , Ryu Sang Wook , Kim Woo‐Byoung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn ultrathin SiO2 interfacial buffer layer is formed using the nitric acid oxidation of Si (NAOS) method to improve the interface and electrical properties of Al2O3/Si, and its effect on the leakage current and interfacial states is analyzed. The leakage current density of the Al2O3/Si sample (8.1 × 10−9 A cm−2) due to the formation of low‐density SiOx layer during the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, decreases by approximately two orders of magnitude when SiO2 buffer layer is inserted using the NAOS method (1.1 × 10−11 A cm−2), and further decreases after post‐metallization annealing (PMA) (1.4 × 10−12 A cm−2). Based on these results, the influence of interfacial defect states is analyzed. The equilibrium density of defect sites (Nd) and fixed charge density (Nf) are both reduced after NAOS and then further decreased by PMA treatment. The interface state density (Dit) at 0.11 eV decreases about one order of magnitude from 2.5 × 1012 to 7.3 × 1011 atoms eV−1 cm−2 after NAOS, and to 3.0 × 1010 atoms eV−1 cm−2 after PMA. Consequently, it is demonstrated that the high defect density of the Al2O3/Si interface is drastically reduced by fabricating ultrathin high density SiO2 buffer layer, and the insulating properties are improved.
Enhancing Efficiency and Stability of Photovoltaic Cells by Using Perovskite/Zr‐MOF Heterojunction Including Bilayer and Hybrid Structures
Authors: Lee Chia‐Chen , Chen Chih‐I , Liao Yu‐Te , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Chueh Chu‐Chen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, the effectiveness of using a perovskite/Zr‐metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) heterojunction in realizing efficient and stable inverted p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is demonstrated. Two types of Zr‐MOFs, UiO‐66 and MOF‐808, are investigated owing to their respectable moisture and chemical stabilities. The MOFs while serving as an interlayer in conjunction with the perovskite film are shown to possess the advantages of UV‐filtering capability and enhancing perovskite crystallinity. Consequently, the UiO‐66/MOF‐808‐modified PVSCs yield enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 17.01% and 16.55%, outperforming the control device (15.79%). While further utilizing a perovskite/Zr‐MOF hybrid heterojunction to fabricate the devices, the hybrid MOFs are found to possibly distribute over the perovskite grain boundary providing a grain‐locking effect to simultaneously passivate the defects and to reinforce the film's robustness against moisture invasion. As a result, the PCEs of the UiO‐66/MOF‐808‐hybrid PVSCs are further enhanced to 18.01% and 17.81%, respectively. Besides, over 70% of the initial PCE is retained after being stored in air (25 °C and relative humidity of 60 ± 5%) for over 2 weeks, in contrast to the quick degradation observed for the control device. This study demonstrates the promising potential of using perovskite/MOF heterojunctions to fabricate efficient and stable PVSCs.
Improved Efficiency and Stability of Pb/Sn Binary Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated by Galvanic Displacement Reaction
Authors: Zhu Zonglong , Li Nan , Zhao Dongbin , Wang Liduo , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHere, a simple and generally applicable method of fabricating efficient and stable Pb‐Sn binary perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on a galvanic displacement reaction (GDR) is demonstrated. Different from the commonly used conventional approaches to form perovskite precursor solutions by mixing metal halides and organic halides such as PbI2, SnI2, MAI, FAI, etc., together, the precursor solutions are formulated by reacting pure Pb‐based perovskite precursor solutions with fine Sn metal powders. After the ratios between Pb and Sn are optimized, high PCEs of 15.85% and 18.21% can be achieved for MAPb0.4Sn0.6I3 and (FAPb0.6Sn0.4I3)0.85(MAPb0.6Sn0.4Br3)0.15 based PVSCs, which are the highest PCEs among all values reported to date for Pb‐Sn binary PVSCs. Moreover, the GDR perovskite‐based PVSCs exhibit significantly improved ambient and thermal stability with encapsulation, which can retain more than 90% of their initial PCEs after being stored in ambient (relative humidity (RH) ≈50%) for 1000 h or being thermal annealed at 80 °C for more than 120 h in ambient conditions. These results demonstrate the advantage of using GDR to prepare tunable bandgap binary perovskites for devices with greatly improved performance and stability.
Single‐Ion Conducting Electrolyte Based on Electrospun Nanofibers for High‐Performance Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Cuicui , Qin Bingsheng , Zhang Yunfeng , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano , Wang Jiaying , Dong Jiaming , Zeng Danli , Liu Zhihong , Cheng Hansong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHerein, a novel electrospun single‐ion conducting polymer electrolyte (SIPE) composed of nanoscale mixed poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) and lithium poly(4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone, bis(4‐carbonyl benzene sulfonyl)imide) (LiPSI) is reported, which simultaneously overcomes the drawbacks of the polyolefin‐based separator (low porosity and poor electrolyte wettability and thermal dimensional stability) and the LiPF6 salt (poor thermal stability and moisture sensitivity). The electrospun nanofiber membrane (es‐PVPSI) has high porosity and appropriate mechanical strength. The fully aromatic polyamide backbone enables high thermal dimensional stability of es‐PVPSI membrane even at 300 °C, while the high polarity and high porosity ensures fast electrolyte wetting. Impregnation of the membrane with the ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (v:v = 1:1) solvent mixture yields a SIPE offering wide electrochemical stability, good ionic conductivity, and high lithium‐ion transference number. Based on the above‐mentioned merits, Li/LiFePO4 cells using such a SIPE exhibit excellent rate capacity and outstanding electrochemical stability for 1000 cycles at least, indicating that such an electrolyte can replace the conventional liquid electrolyte–polyolefin combination in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In addition, the long‐term stripping–plating cycling test coupled with scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of lithium foil clearly confirms that the es‐PVPSI membrane is capable of suppressing lithium dendrite growth, which is fundamental for its use in high‐energy Li metal batteries.
Visible‐Light Driven Hydrolysis of Benzyl Halides with Water for Preparation of Benzyl Alcohols
Authors: Xu Jianbin , Liu Na , Zou Lingling , Cheng Feixiang , Shen Xianfu , Liu Teng , Lv Haiping , Khan Ruhima , Fan Baomin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVisible‐light‐mediated hydrolysis of benzyl halides has been achieved that is efficiently catalyzed by metal‐free catalyst rhodamine B. Benzyl bromides and chlorides can smoothly react with water to prepare a series of benzyl alcohol compounds in good yields.
Selective C−H Functionalization of Methane and Ethane by a Molecular SbV Complex
Authors: Koppaka Anjaneyulu , Park Sae Hume , Hashiguchi Brian G. , Gunsalus Niles J. , King Clinton R. , Konnick Michael M. , Ess Daniel H. , Periana Roy A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOwing to the strong nonpolar bonds involved, selective C−H functionalization of methane and ethane to esters remains a challenge for molecular homogeneous chemistry. We report that the computationally predicted main‐group p‐block SbV(TFA)5 complex selectively functionalizes the C−H bonds of methane and ethane to the corresponding mono and/or diol trifluoroacetate esters at 110–180 °C with yields for ethane of up to 60 % with over 90 % selectivity. Experimental and computational studies support a unique mechanism that involves SbV‐mediated C−H activation followed by functionalization of a SbV‐alkyl intermediate.
Selektive Funktionalisierung von Graphen an defektaktivierten Bereichen durch Arylazocarbonsäure‐tert‐butylester
Authors: Halbig Christian E. , Lasch Roman , Krüll Jasmin , Pirzer Anna S. , Wang Zhenping , Kirchhof Jan N. , Bolotin Kirill I. , Heinrich Markus R. , Eigler Siegfried 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDie Entwicklung vielseitiger Funktionalisierungskonzepte für Graphen steht derzeit im Fokus der Forschung. Mittels Oxo‐Funktionalisierung von Graphit wird die gesamte Oberfläche von Graphen für die C‐C‐Bindungsbildung zugänglich, um Addenden einzuführen. Hier stellen wir die Arylierung von Graphen durch Arylazocarbonsäure‐tert‐butylester vor, die nach Aktivierung durch Säuren Arylradikale erzeugen. Überraschenderweise korreliert der Funktionalisierungsgrad mit der Konzentration der Strukturdefekte im Graphengitter. Folglich ist Graphen inert, wenn es frei von Defekten ist. Die Reaktion kann auch auf in Lösemitteln dispergiertes Graphen angewendet werden und führt zu einer bitopen Funktionalisierung. Ist Graphen auf Oberflächen abgeschieden wird eine monotope Funktionalisierung erreicht. Da Arylazocarbonsäure‐tert‐butylester vielfältig an verschiedene Moleküle gebunden werden kann, ebnet das vorgestellte Verfahren den Weg zu funktionellen Graphenderivaten, wobei die Defektdichte im Graphen den Grad der Funktionalisierung bestimmt.
Spectroscopic and Computational Evidence of Intramolecular AuI⋅⋅⋅H+−N Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Straka Michal , Andris Erik , Vícha Jan , Růžička Aleš , Roithová Jana , Rulíšek Lubomír 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite substantial evidence of short Au⋅⋅⋅H−X contacts derived from a number of X‐ray structures of AuI compounds, the nature of AuI⋅⋅⋅H bonding in these systems has not been clearly understood. Herein, we present the first spectroscopic evidence for an intramolecular AuI⋅⋅⋅H+−N hydrogen bond in a [Cl−Au−L]+ complex, where L is a protonated N‐heterocyclic carbene. The complex was isolated in the gas phase and characterized with helium‐tagging infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectra, in which H+−N‐mode‐derived bands evidence the intramolecular AuI⋅⋅⋅H+−N bond. Quantum chemical calculations reproduce the experimental IRPD spectra and allow to characterize the intramolecular Au⋅⋅⋅H+−N bonding with a short rAu⋅⋅⋅H distance of 2.17 Å and an interaction energy of approximately −10 kcal mol−1. Various theoretical descriptors of chemical bonding calculated for the Au⋅⋅⋅H+−N interaction provide strong evidence for a hydrogen bond of moderate strength.