bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Mediated Functionalization of Natural Peptides and Proteins: Panning for Bioconjugation Gold
Authors: Ohata Jun , Martin Samuel C. , Ball Zachary T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSelective modification of natural proteins is a daunting methodological challenge and a stringent test of selectivity and reaction scope. There is a continued need for new reactivity and new selectivity concepts. Transition metals exhibit a wealth of unique reactivity that is orthogonal to biological reactions and processes. As such, metal‐based methods play an increasingly important role in bioconjugation. This Review examines metal‐based methods as well as their reactivity and selectivity for the functionalization of natural proteins and peptides.
Improved processibility of silicone composites by MQ silicone resins
Authors: Huihui Di , Li Wang , Yan Zhang , Liting Luo , Houbin Li , Ronghua Huang 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTProcessibilities of silicone composites were always a problem for their high content of SiO2powders. This article found that the substitution of silicone resins for linear polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) made processibilities easier. Three silicone resins (MQ1.0, MQ1.1, and MQ1.2) with clarified chemical structures (by FT IR,29Si NMR, and GPC) were adopted. Their shearing viscosities [η()] were greatly higher than PDMS with higher molecular weight, which could be assigned to stronger molecular interactions as surface tension and flowing activation energy ΔEindicated. On the contrary, η() of MQ‐PDMS binary blends greatly decreased to that even lower than either components (about 85% utmost decrease comparing to PDMS), for the variation of molecular interaction rather than dilution effect. Furtherly, when PDMS were partly replaced with MQ resins, process time of PDMS–SiO2silicone composites were greatly shortened (from >6 to 2 h), while with better SiO2dispersion (Mooney viscosity greatly decreased from 30.0 to 5.0 MU). Better dispersion of SiO2fillers in composites could be confirmed by SEM and mechanical properties. For the better dispersion, mechanical properties of composites were improved with higher elastic modulus, higher tensile strength, and higher hardness, especially with higher elongation at break (utmost increased from 190% to 277%). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46445.
Olefin Bifunctionalization: A Visible‐light Photoredox‐catalyzed Aryl Alkoxylation of Olefins
Authors: Yamaguchi Eiji , Tanaka Wakako , Itoh Akichika 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOlefin bifunctionalization is a facile route to obtain complex molecules from abundant and commercially available olefin feedstocks. Visible light together with a catalytic amount of tris(bipyridine)ruthenium salt catalyzes the aryl alkoxylation of styrenes with aryl diazonium salts in alcohol solvents via a photoredox process. The scope of this proposed reaction with respect to various aryl diazonium salts and styrenes has been investigated.
Deep learning for spatio‐temporal modeling: Dynamic traffic flows and high frequency trading
Authors: Dixon Matthew F. , Polson Nicholas G. , Sokolov Vadim O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDeep learning applies hierarchical layers of hidden variables to construct nonlinear high dimensional predictors. Our goal is to develop and train deep learning architectures for spatio‐temporal modeling. Training a deep architecture is achieved by stochastic gradient descent and dropout for parameter regularization with a goal of minimizing out‐of‐sample predictive mean squared error. To illustrate our methodology, we first predict the sharp discontinuities in traffic flow data, and secondly, we develop a classification rule to predict short‐term futures market prices using order book depth. Finally, we conclude with directions for future research.
Efficient MCMC estimation of some elliptical copula regression models through scale mixtures of normals
Authors: Wichitaksorn Nuttanan , Gerlach Richard , Choy S.T. Boris 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes an efficient estimation method for some elliptical copula regression models by expressing both copula density and marginal density functions as scale mixtures of normals (SMN). Implementing these models using the SMN is novel and allows efficient estimation via Bayesian methods. An innovative algorithm for the case of complex semicontinuous margins is also presented. We utilize the facts that copulas are invariant to the location and scale of the margins; all elliptical distributions have the same correlation structure; and some densities can be represented by the SMN. Two simulation studies, one on continuous margins and the other on semicontinuous margins, highlight the favorable performance of the proposed methods. Two empirical studies, one on the US excess returns and one on the Thai wage earnings, further illustrate the applicability of the proposals.
Two‐stage carbon distribution and cofactor generation for improving l‐threonine production of Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Jiaheng , Li Huiling , Xiong Hui , Xie Xixian , Chen Ning , Zhao Guangrong , Caiyin Qinggele , Zhu Hongji , Qiao Jianjun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractL‐Threonine, a kind of essential amino acid, has numerous applications in food, pharmaceutical, and aquaculture industries. Fermentative l‐threonine production from glucose has been achieved in Escherichia coli. However, there are still several limiting factors hindering further improvement of l‐threonine productivity, such as the conflict between cell growth and production, byproduct accumulation, and insufficient availability of cofactors (adenosine triphosphate, NADH, and NADPH). Here, a metabolic modification strategy of two‐stage carbon distribution and cofactor generation was proposed to address the above challenges in E. coli THRD, an l‐threonine producing strain. The glycolytic fluxes towards tricarboxylic acid cycle were increased in growth stage through heterologous expression of pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and citrate synthase, leading to improved glucose utilization and growth performance. In the production stage, the carbon flux was redirected into l‐threonine synthetic pathway via a synthetic genetic circuit. Meanwhile, to sustain the transaminase reaction for l‐threonine production, we developed an l‐glutamate and NADPH generation system through overexpression of glutamate dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, and pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase. This strategy not only exhibited 2.02‐ and 1.21‐fold increase in l‐threonine production in shake flask and bioreactor fermentation, respectively, but had potential to be applied in the production of many other desired oxaloacetate derivatives, especially those involving cofactor reactions.
Animal maltreatment law: Evolving efforts to protect animals and their forensic mental health implications
Authors: Holoyda Brian James 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnimals have long formed an important part of human communities and served various roles in human activities. Some of the earliest human civilizations developed laws that protected animals for assorted reasons, including their economic value, religious beliefs pertaining to animals, and societal concerns about cleanliness. In the 1800s, Western thinkers began to view animals as having rights of their own and proposed legislation that changed the legal landscape regarding animal maltreatment. In the United States today there are widely varying laws designed to address the various forms of animal maltreatment. Each state's laws are different. Some states have modern statutes designed to identify and punish animal maltreatment, and others are relatively lax in their consideration of what constitutes abuse. The purpose of this article is to review the development of animal maltreatment legislation from ancient civilization to the present day in the United States; to identify current legislative reforms designed to assist in investigating and prosecuting animal abusers; to describe the role that forensic mental health experts may play in evaluating abusers for a variety of related concerns, including violence risk, sexual violence risk, and fitness for guardianship of an animal; and to delineate areas requiring further research to improve the forensic evaluation of animal abusers.
Essential Oil Composition, Antioxidant and Allelopathic Activities of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Delile
Authors: Abd El‐Gawad Ahmed M. , El‐Amier Yasser A. , Bonanomi Giuliano 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPeople rely on the synthetic chemical pesticides in most of the agricultural practices, which have a serious problem on human health and ecosystem. Essential oil (EO), derived from wild plants, offers a new opportunity to explore eco‐friendly green biocides. This study aimed to characterize the chemical constituents of EO from Egyptian ecospecies of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Delile and evaluate its antioxidant and allelopathic potential. The EO was extracted from aerial parts by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. To assess the allelopathic potential, EO concentrations from 50 to 200 μL L−1 were tested on Trifolium repens and three weeds. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH. Hydrodistillation yielded 0.64 % of dark yellow oil, which comprises 35 compounds, in which sesquiterpene was a major class and represented by 61.97 % of the total essential oil. Moreover, the dominant sesquiterpenes are cis‐nerolidol, α‐cadinol, δ‐cadinene, and γ‐muurolene. The speed of germination index, shoot and root length of clover and weeds were reduced in a concentration‐dependent manner. The IC50 values of C. droserifolia EO on germination of T. repens, Cuscuta trifolii, Melilotus indicus, and Chenopodium murale were 181.6, 183.5, 159.0, and 157.5 μL L−1, respectively. From the obtained data, we concluded that C. droserifolia EO could provide a hope to produce environment‐friendly bioherbicide as well as a natural resource of antioxidants.
Developments in the Atomistic Modelling of Catalytic Processes for the Production of Platform Chemicals from Biomass
Authors: García‐Muelas Rodrigo , Rellán‐Piñeiro Marcos , Li Qiang , López Núria 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe transformation of biomass‐derived molecules into platform chemicals that can directly be employed by the chemical industry is one of the challenges in catalysis in this century. While some processes are cost‐effective and industrially available, the molecular insight has been advancing at a slow pace when compared to other areas (like energy conversion). In the present review we describe the main challenges imposed on the theoretical simulations for the study of these complex molecules and how the most crucial issues are typically addressed. In particular, we focus on technical aspects like the need for London dispersion and solvation contributions. We also deal with the complexity of reaction networks, which requires new approaches and ways to compile the results in the form of databases. This allows the study of large reaction networks for the decomposition of C2 alcohols, or the plethora of functional groups of cyclic molecules such as lignin and sugars. Finally, we put forward a few applications that show the potential of atomistic simulations in the field.
High‐Sensitivity Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Based on Silver‐Carbon Nitride for the Detection of Dopamine utilizing Enhancement Effects
Authors: Wang Yinfang , Guo Weiwei , Jia Nengqin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for detecting dopamine was successfully constructed based on chemically stable and easily available carbon nitride materials as signal probe. Herein, the newly synthesized silver‐carbon nitride (Ag−g−C3N4) nanocomposites were modified on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface via the film‐forming properties of chitosan, generating a relative weak ECL signal. When dopamine was added to the detection solution containing 80 mM S2O82−, a strong ECL signal was observed, which might be ascribed to the fact that the amino group of dopamine promoted the coreactant conversion of S2O82− into SO4.−, leading to enhanced ECL intensity. Under optimal experimental conditions, the as‐prepared ECL sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 0.015 to 150 μM and a low detection limit of 0.005 μM for dopamine determination. Moreover, the recovery experiments exhibited that the sensor can be applied to precisely detect dopamine in real serum samples, suggesting that the as‐prepared ECL sensor established a new method and a promising platform for sensitive dopamine evaluation.
Comparative effectiveness of radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy versus radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation therapy for men with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Jang Thomas L. , Patel Neal , Faiena Izak , Radadia Kushan D. , Moore Dirk F. , Elsamra Sammy E. , Singer Eric A. , Stein Mark N. , Eastham James A. , Scardino Peter T. , Lin Yong , Kim Isaac Y. , Lu‐Yao Grace L. 
Published: September 2018

Background:Men with locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPCa) or regionally advanced prostate cancer (RAPCa) are at high risk for death from their disease. Clinical guidelines support multimodal approaches, which include radical prostatectomy (RP) followed by radiotherapy (XRT) and XRT plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, there are limited data comparing these substantially different treatment approaches. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare data, this study compared survival outcomes and adverse effects associated with RP plus XRT versus XRT plus ADT in these men.Methods:SEER‐Medicare data were queried for men with cT3‐T4N0M0 (LAPCa) or cT3‐T4N1M0 (RAPCa) prostate cancer. Propensity score methods were used to balance cohort characteristics between the treatment arms. Survival analyses were analyzed with the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.Results:From 1992 to 2009, 13,856 men (≥65 years old) were diagnosed with LAPCa or RAPCa: 6.1% received RP plus XRT, and 23.6% received XRT plus ADT. At a median follow‐up of 14.6 years, there were 2189 deaths in the cohort, of which 702 were secondary to prostate cancer. Regardless of the tumor stage or the Gleason score, the adjusted 10‐year prostate cancer–specific survival and 10‐year overall survival favored men who underwent RP plus XRT over men who underwent XRT plus ADT. However, RP plus XRT versus XRT plus ADT was associated with higher rates of erectile dysfunction (28% vs 20%; P = .0212) and urinary incontinence (49% vs 19%; P < .001).Conclusions:Men with LAPCa or RAPCa treated initially with RP plus XRT had a lower risk of prostate cancer–specific death and improved overall survival in comparison with those men treated with XRT plus ADT, but they experienced higher rates of erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence.
Input–output organization of the mouse claustrum
Authors: Zingg Brian , Dong Hong‐Wei , Tao Huizhong Whit , Zhang Li I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProgress in determining the precise organization and function of the claustrum (CLA) has been hindered by the difficulty in reliably targeting these neurons. To overcome this, we used a projection‐based targeting strategy to selectively label CLA principal neurons. Combined with adeno‐associated virus (AAV) and monosynaptic rabies tracing techniques, we systematically examined the pre‐synaptic input and axonal output of this structure. We found that CLA neurons projecting to retrosplenial cortex (RSP) collateralize extensively to innervate a variety of higher‐order cortical regions. No subcortical labeling was found, with the exception of sparse terminals in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). This pattern of output was similar to cingulate‐ and visual cortex‐projecting CLA neurons, suggesting a common targeting scheme among these projection‐defined populations. Rabies virus tracing directly demonstrated widespread synaptic inputs to RSP‐projecting CLA neurons from both cortical and subcortical areas. The strongest inputs arose from classically defined limbic regions, including medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, BLA, ventral hippocampus, and neuromodulatory systems such as the dorsal raphe and cholinergic basal forebrain. These results suggest that the CLA may integrate information related to the emotional salience of stimuli and may globally modulate cortical state by broadcasting its output uniformly across a variety of higher cognitive centers.
Enabling shared memory communication in networks of MPSoCs
Authors: Lant Joshua , Concatto Caroline , Attwood Andrew , Pascual Jose A. , Ashworth Mike , Navaridas Javier , Luján Mikel , Goodacre John 
Published: September 2018

SummaryOngoing transistor scaling and the growing complexity of embedded system designs has led to the rise of MPSoCs (Multi‐Processor System‐on‐Chip), combining multiple hard‐core CPUs and accelerators (FPGA, GPU) on the same physical die. These devices are of great interest to the supercomputing community, who are increasingly reliant on heterogeneity to achieve power and performance goals in these closing stages of the race to exascale. In this paper, we present a network interface architecture and networking infrastructure, designed to sit inside the FPGA fabric of a cutting‐edge MPSoC device, enabling networks of these devices to communicate within both a distributed and shared memory context, with reduced need for costly software networking system calls. We will present our implementation and prototype system and discuss the main design decisions relevant to the use of the Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+, a state‐of‐the‐art MPSoC, and the challenges to be overcome given the device's limitations and constraints. We demonstrate the working prototype system connecting two MPSoCs, with communication between processor and remote memory region and accelerator. We then discuss the limitations of the current implementation and highlight areas of improvement to make this solution production‐ready.
One‐Step Plasma Synthesis of Nb2O5 Nanofibers and their Enhanced Photocatalytic activity
Authors: Kajita Shin , Mimuro Fumiaki , Yoshida Tomoko , Ohno Noriyasu , Yoshida Naoaki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFiberform nanostructured niobium (Nb) was fabricated by one step helium (He) plasma irradiation. He ion implantation formed He nano‐bubbles on a Nb plate and led to formation of protrusions while migrating in Nb matrix; fiberform nanostructures (FN) were grown when the fluence became high (>1026 m−2). The necessary conditions for the formation of Nb FN were revealed to be the surface temperature range of 900–1100 K and the incident ion energy higher than 70 eV. The sample was oxidized at 573–773 K in an air atmosphere, and Pt nanoparticles were photo‐deposited on the Nb2O5 samples. The surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry. Photocatalytic activity of the fabricated materials was studied using methylene blue (MB) decolorization process. An enhanced photocatalytic performance was identified on FN Nb2O5 substrate with Pt deposition.
Modification of Carbon Fibre Surfaces by Sulfur‐Fluoride Exchange Click Chemistry
Authors: Randall James D. , Eyckens Daniel J. , Stojcevski Filip , Francis Paul S. , Doeven Egan H. , Barlow Anders J. , Barrow Andrew S. , Arnold Chantelle L. , Moses John E. , Henderson Luke C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTechnologies that enable surface modification are in high demand and are critical for the implementation of new functional materials and devices. Here, we describe the first modification of a carbon surface (in this case carbon fiber) using the sulfur‐fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction. The parent sulfur (VI) fluoride moiety can be installed directly to the surface via electrochemical deposition of the fluorosulfate phenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salt, or by ‘SuFExing’ a phenol on the carbon surface followed by treatment of the material with SO2F2; similar to a ‘graft to’ or ‘graft from’ functionalization approach. We demonstrate that these SuFEx‐able surfaces readily undergo exchange with aryl silyl ethers, and that the subsequent sulfate linkages are themselves stable under electrochemical redox conditions. Finally, we showcase the utility of the SuFEx chemistry by installing a pendant amino group to the fiber surface resulting in interfacial shear strength improvements of up to 130 % in epoxy resin.
Neuroinflammation Quantification for Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Amo‐Aparicio Jesús , Martínez‐Muriana Anna , Sánchez‐Fernández Alba , López‐Vales Rubèn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) leads to irreversible devastating neurological disabilities. Accumulated evidence in the literature indicates that the inflammatory response that occurs in the spinal cord following injury contributes importantly to spread tissue damage to healthy regions adjacent to the lesion site, and consequently, to increase neurological deficits. Therefore, targeting inflammation could lead to the development of new therapies to prevent tissue damage and neurological impairments after SCI.Inflammation is regulated, in part, by the expression of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines synthesized, mainly, by glial cells. Hence, methodologies that could ease the quantification of multiple cytokines and immune cells from spinal cord tissue samples are needed to assess the potential of new anti‐inflammatory therapies. In the present unit, we describe how to induce contusion injuries in the mouse spinal cord, as well as, two useful methodologies to assess neuroinflammation in lesioned spinal cord tissue samples. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantification of HIV DNA Using Droplet Digital PCR Techniques
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth M. , Maldarelli Frank 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHIV persists, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, in long‐lived cells, posing a major barrier toward a cure. A key step in the HIV replication cycle and a hallmark of the Retroviridae family is the integration of the viral DNA into the host genome. Once integrated, HIV expression is regulated by host machinery and the provirus persists until the cell dies. A reservoir of cells harboring replication‐competent proviruses can survive for years, and mechanisms that maintain that reservoir are under investigation. The majority of integrated proviruses, however, are defective or have large deletions, and the composition of the proviral landscape during therapy remains unknown. Methods to quantify HIV proviruses are useful in investigating HIV persistence. Presented in this unit is a method for total HIV DNA quantification of various HIV genome targets that utilizes the next‐generation PCR platform, digital PCR. The abundance of various HIV gene targets reflects the overall proviral composition. In this protocol, total genomic DNA is isolated from patient‐derived cells and then used as a template for droplet digital PCR, in which the PCR reaction is partitioned into approximately 20,000 individual droplets, PCR amplified to an end point, and subjected to absolute quantification by counting the number of positive and negative droplets. Copy number is directly calculated using straightforward Poisson correction. Additionally, this methodological approach can be used to obtain absolute quantification of other DNA targets. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.