bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Alogliptin, Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, and Sitagliptin in Bulk Drug and Formulation by UPLC Q-TOF-MS
Authors: Rathod Ramji , Ali Faraat , Chandra Amrish , Kumar Robin , Dahiya Meenakshi , Singh Gyanendra Nath 
Published: July 2019

Background:A simple and sensitive Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method was developed and validated to measure the concentrations of Alogliptin (ALO), Linagliptin (LIN), Saxagliptin (SAX), and Sitagliptin (SIT) using Pioglitazone (PIO) as an internal standard.Methods:Chromatographic separation of six gliptins was achieved on a C-18 column (100×2.1 mm, 2.7 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of formic acid in water, 0.1%v/v: acetonitrile in gradient elution. Electrospray ionization (ESI) source was operated in the positive ion mode. Targeted MS/MS mode on a QTOF MS was used to quantify the drug utilizing the transitions of 340.1(m/z), 473.2 (m/z), 316.2 (m/z), 408.1 (m/z), and 357.1 (m/z) for ALO, LIN, SAX, SIT and PIO respectively.Results:As per ICH Q2R1 guidelines, a detailed validation of the method was carried out and the standard curves were found to be linear over the concentration ranges of 1516.0-4548.1 ng mL-1, 519.8- 1559.4 ng mL-1, 1531.4-4594.3 ng mL-1and 1519.6-4558.8 ng mL-1for ALO, LIN, SAX and SIT respectively. Precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. The mean recovery was found to be 98.8 _ 0.76 % (GEM), 102.2 _ 1.59 % (LIN), 95.3 _ 2.74 % (SAX) and 99.2 _ 1.75 % (SIT) respectively.Conclusions:The optimized validated UPLC QTOF-MS/MS method offered the advantage of shorter analytical times and higher sensitivity and selectivity. The optimized method is suitable for application in quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical dosage forms for QC laboratory.
Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Silica Dust in Mining Workers in Eastern Iran
Authors: Golbabaei Farideh , Gholami Abdollah , Teimori-Boghsani Gholamheidar , Yaseri Mehdi , Kianmehr Mojtaba 
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective:
Silica dust is present in almost all mining operations and can cause various health problems such as silicosis in workers. The present study aimed to determine the total and respirable dust levels and the crystalline silica content of the soil in the breathing zone of workers in Iranian mines.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2016-2017 on six Iranian silica mines. Dust sampling was performed according to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method No. 0600. The samples were collected from the respiratory zone of workers at 114 stations in different units of the mines. The silica content was measured using the standard NIOSH method No. 7601. The crystalline silica content in bulk samples collected from the soil was determined by using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy method.

Results:
The highest concentration of crystalline silica dust was 2.81±0.49 mg/m3 and was observed in the air of crushing unit of mine no. 6, and the lowest was 0.08±0.208 mg/m3 and was measured in the management/administration unit of mine no.1. The mean silica content in the solid surface of the mines was 91%. The total and respirable dust levels in all units of the mines except management/administration were higher than the permissible limit. The free silica content of all collected samples was substantially higher than the permissible limits, and in some cases, it was as much as 100 times above the standard level, which reflects the extremely high risk of working in these mines.

Conclusion:
Exposure of workers with crystalline silica dust in all units was higher than the standard recommended limits. It is imperative to adopt immediate measures based on technical, managerial, and personal protection solutions to reduce the exposure of workers to silica.
Synthesis of NIR Emitting Rare Earth Doped Fluorapatite Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Girija E.K. , Karthi S. , Karthickraja D. , Kumar G.A. , Sardar D.K. , Santhosh C. 
Published: July 2019

Aim:
To synthesize biocompatible nanoparticles of FAp co-doped with Yb/Er
and Nd/Yb for bioimaging applications.

Methods:
Yb/Er FAp and Nd/Yb FAp was synthesized using microwave assisted wet precipitation
and hydrothermal method respectively. Trisodium citrate was used as an organic
modifier for the synthesis and then subjected to heat treatment for optical activation. For
optical studies, Yb/Er FAp system was excited at 980 nm and Nd/Yb FAp at 800 nm.

Results:
In the case of Nd/Yb FAp the host matrix absorption and emission was observed,
hence Nd/Yb was synthesized without citrate. On heat treatment of this for optical activation
studies, when the Yb3+ concentration was increased to 10 mol%, the YbPO4 secondary
phase was found to appear. Although, the Yb/Er FAp system resulted in large grain
growth, no such grain growth was observed in Nd/Yb FAp and the grains were within the
nano size regime even after heat treatment.

Conclusion:
Both the systems showed successful energy transfer from sensitizer to activator
with a quantum yield of 74% for Yb/Er FAp and energy transfer efficiency of 71% for
Nd/Yb FAp system. Both the samples were found to be cytocompatible and has the potential
for using as probes for bioimaging applications.
Identification of Electric Power Losses on the Basis of Systematization of Registration Data
Authors: Stepanov I. I. , Ganyukova N. P. , Khanova A. A. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of research. is cost reduction of electric grid companies due to development of information management system of commercial losses. Implementation of an information system provides information systematization and formation of electric power balances capable to output information about losses on various sites of network structure such as 0.4 kV air and cable power lines.Methods.Losses estimate method which uses summarized information about network schemes and loadings. This method includes calculation of electric power losses on the basis of losses dependence on total length and lines, total power and equipment received on the basis of technical parameters of lines and equipment or statistical data.Results.There is a problem with losses tracking of electric power on various voltage levels in many power supply organizations. It is connected as with lack of functionality in existing information systems of cuts formation on various levels of network structure and also with network structure maintenance on each connected subscriber. Electric power supply organizations have no opportunity to trace electric power transport systemically from supplying elements (tires of substations) to 0.4 kV air and cable lines of low voltage transfer. It happens due to hierarchy lack in existing structures of supplying elements. It is impossible to define on what network sites losses exceed admissible norms and manage them without registration data systematization.Conclusion.Information system was implemented on the basis of an objective which systematizes registration data and forms electric power balances on various levels of network structure. Review results (data collection) have information about alleged commercial losses on definite electric network sites.
Integration of Mobile Robot Control System Data Using the Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Bezmen P. A. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of research. The article deals with the adaptation of the algorithm of the extended Kalman filter for the integration of data from sensors of physical values of a mobile robotMethods. Integration of data is the process of information (data) fusion for determination or prediction of the state of an object. Integration provides increased robustness of robot control and accuracy of machine perception of information. This process is similar to repeated experiments in order to determine in direct and/or indirect ways the value of a physical quantity with the required accuracy. In the control system of a mobile robot, the integration of sensor data is carried out by one or more computing devices (for example, processors or microcontrollers) [1-5].Results. Advances in digital signal processing and image processing are based on new algorithms, increasing the speed of data processing by computing devices and increasing the speed of access to data stored in storage (storage devices) and the capacity of the latter. Computing devices also perform averaging and filtering of signals of individual sensors and their further matching. The problem of sustainable integration and processing of information from different measuring devices can be solved with the help of the Kalman filter algorithm. The Kalman linear filter algorithm and, in particular, the extended Kalman filter algorithm perform a large amount of computation in the course of their work. In comparison with the linear Kalman filter, the extended Kalman filter significantly increases the requirements for the computing power of the onboard computer (computing device, computer) of amobile robot.Conclusion. The main effect of integration is to obtain fundamentally new information that cannot be obtained from individual sensors. This approach relieves data channels of large (excessive) data flows coming directly from the sensors, and reduces the requirements for computing power of the computing device of the upper level of the structure of the mobile robot control system.
Study of Porosity of Sintered Samples of Electroerosive Powder Copper
Authors: Ageeva Ye. V. , Lоktionova O. G. , Kuts V. V. , Кhorkova N. M. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of research. Powder copper is widely used in various fields of machine engineering for the production of electrical contact and antifriction products. The quality of sintered products is estimated by density and porosity. One of the main methods for determining the porosity of formed and sintered products is a metallographic method with elements of qualitative and quantitative analysis of pore geometry.The properties of sintered products made of electroerosive copper powder have not been studied up to the present, which makes it impossible to predict their properties and scope of practical application.The purpose of the work is to study porosity and pore-size distribution of sintered samples of electroerosive copper powder.Methods. To perform the planned studies, waste of electrical copper wire (GOST 859-2001) was used. As a working fluid distilled water was used. To obtain a powder of copper a unit to produce powders of conductive materials (patent for invention RF № 2449859) was applied. Dispersion parameters were: voltage 220 V, capacity 45.5 µF, pulse repetition rate 100 Hz.Isostatic pressing of electroerosive copper powder obtained in water was carried out in isostatic press "EPSI" CIP 400-200*1000Y. The compacted samples were sintered in a high-temperature furnace "Nabertherm" VHT 8/22 in vacuum at a temperature of 900 °C and 1000 °C for 1 hour.The porosity of the sintered samples of electroerosive copper powder obtained in the water was determined by metallography using optical inverted microscope OLYMPUS GX51 .Results. Based on the results of the conducted studies, it was experimentally proved that the porosity of a sintered sample of electroerosive copper powder at 900 °C is 5.8 %, the porosity of a sintered sample of electroerosive copper powder at 1000 °C is 2.16 %.Conclusion. The obtained experimental data can be used to create resource-saving processes for processing metal alloys and composite materials.
STUDIES ON EFFECT OF FORMULATION AND PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON STABILITY OF KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE ORALLY DISSOLVING FILMS
Authors: SAPKAL NIDHI P. , BONDE MINAL N. , GAWANDE MANGESH , DAUD ANWAR S. 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The objective of the proposed work was to study the effect of various formulation and process parameters of solvent casting method on the physical and chemical stability of Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT) in the orally dissolving film dosage form.
Methods: KT-excipient interaction study was carried out both in solid state and by processing samples through the solvent casting technique. The samples were evaluated using IR spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Solvent casting method was used to prepare KT films using different film-forming polymers, and solvents. The drying temperature and pH of the dispersion were also varied to study the effect of these parameters on the stability of KT. All the formulations were analysed chemically initially and after one month of storage at 40 °C/75% RH.
Results: During KT-excipient interaction study in solid state KT was found to be stable. No significant changes were observed in its impurity profile. Interaction between different polymers and KT was observed after the solvent casting process as revealed by IR and XRD analysis. The interaction was further confirmed in the film formulations upon chemical analysis. The polymers showing interaction with KT in XRD and IR were making it unstable chemically and were responsible for its chemical degradation as revealed by chemical analysis. It was also revealed that KT is most stable when processed using water as the solvent. KT was found to be stable when processed at a higher temperature and at acidic pH during film formation. It was found that chemical stability is more when Polyethylene oxide (PEO) and water under acidic pH are used and films are dried at a higher temperature.
Conclusion: Both formulation parameters and processing conditions of the solvent casting technique affects the stability of drugs and hence should be studied as part of pre-formulation studies while developing orally dissolving films of drugs.
HPLC QUANTIFICATION OF LACTOPEROXIDASE IN THERAPEUTIC DAIRY WASTE ENRICHED BY BUBBLESEPARATION
Authors: Datta Prabir Kumar , Mukhopadhayay Goutam , Ghosh Amitavo 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to enrich therapeutic proteins and remove pollutants from dairy wastewater for establishing foam fractionation as a lucrative unit operation.
Methods: Dairy wastewater collected from dairy industry was processed to fat-free dried protein waste mass diluted to 1-liter feed by distilled water in different concentrations and foam fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulphate (surfactant) to enriched proteins extract (foamate) in a foam fractionator. Foamate were analysed to quantify total proteins and lacto peroxidase respectively. The efficiency was evaluated by varying parameters like pH, initial waste and ionic concentrations, the waste-surfactant mass ratio of feed and flow rate of gas (N2) through feed solution by several experiments. Heat of desorption (λ) and mass transfer coefficient (K) were determined as indicators of adsorptive bubble separation to foam phase governed by Gibb’s equation of adsorption isotherm.
Results: The process was optimized at pH 5.5, initial feed concentration 500μg/ml, waste–surfactant mass ratio (1.5:1), gas flow rate (350 ml/min) and ionic concentration 0.1 gram-mole of NaCL per litre of feed with enrichment factor (49.09), percent recovery (98.18%) observed in foamate. One natural preservative specifically lactoperoxidase was quantified by RP-HPLC analysis as 0.49% (w/w) of total proteins at optimal condition. Heat of desorption(λ), mass transfer coefficient(K)were determined 3140cal/mol and 12.68* 10-9 mol/cal/cm2/s respectively at pH 8.5, initial feed concentration 500μg/ml and gas flow rate 350 ml/min.
Conclusion: The method may be a useful unit operation for recovery of biomolecules and removal of toxic pollutants from industrial wastewater for coming days.
DEVELOPMENT OF MUCOADHESIVE TABLET OF PENTOXIFYLLINE USING A NATURAL POLYMER FROM MANILKARA ZAPOTA LINN
Authors: SELVARAJ GNANASEKARAN JOHN , BALASUBRAMANIAN ARUL , RAMALINGAM KOTHAI 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The present study was designed to develop a mucoadhesive tablet of pentoxifylline using the mucoadhesive natural polymer from the plant Manilkara zapota Linn.
Methods: The tablets were formulated with three different concentrations of the isolated polymer and evaluated for thickness, weight variation, friability, hardness, swelling index, mucoadhesive strength and in vitro drug release. The swelling index was indirectly proportional to the mucoadhesive polymer of Manilkara zapota (MAPMZ) concentration.
Results: The tablets formulated with a high concentration of MAPMZ showed good mucoadhesion strength in 5 min contact time. The in vitro drug release studies indicated that the drug release was directly proportional to MAPMZ concentration. The release kinetics indicated that the drug release was followed the zero-order.
Conclusion: The MAPMZ showed the controlled release of pentoxifylline for a period of 12 h.
IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION OF LESS PAINFUL PROPOFOL NANOEMULSION USING PALM OIL FOR INTRAVENOUS DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: PRASETYO BAYU EKO , AZMI NORAZRINA , SHAMSUDDIN AHMAD FUAD 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The objective of present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of propofol in nanoemulsion based palm oil that called as NEMS™, which was a choice of anesthetic drug to induce and maintenance general anesthesia to reduce pain on injection activity and also to evaluate the in vivo characterization of propofol in NEMS™.
Methods: Preparation of propofol nanoemulsion using NEMS™ technology has been performed for propofol 1% in NEMS™ (P1%), and propofol 2% in NEMS™ (P2%). Determination of free propofol concentration in aqueous phase was conducted using HPLC and rat paw lick test was evaluated as in vivo test to assay the intensity of pain on injection site. The sleep recovery test was conducted to evaluate the pharmacological effect and erythrocyte hemolysis test also conducted to ensure the safety of propofol in NEMS™. All of the test results were compared with Diprivan®1% as a positive standard.
Results: The contents of free propofol in formulation P1% and Diprivan®1% in aqueous-phase were 6.20±0.03 µg/ml and 15.02±0.33 µg/ml, respectively (*P<0.05). The rat paw lick test showed that the formulation P1% was significantly (*P<0.05) less painful when compared to Diprivan®1%. There were no significant differences in pharmacological effect for all of the formulations (*P>0.05). The erythrocyte haemolysis test show that all formulation still safe for our blood.
Conclusion: Palm oil can be used as a carrier for propofol and it was successfully reduced the free propofol contents and the intensity of pain on injection site in rats.
STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC ASSAY OF HYDROCODONE AND IBUPROFEN IN TABLETS
Authors: Kandula Rama Kumar , Sundararajan Raja 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The combination of hydrocodone and ibuprofen is prescribed to temporarily relieve severe pain. A new selective, precise and accurate stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique was developed for identification and estimation of hydrocodone and ibuprofen in tablets.
Methods: The analysis of hydrocodone and ibuprofen was executed on phase Zodiac C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with sodium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1M, pH5.0) and methanol (60:40, v: v) as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection and measurement was done at 234 nm. The stability of hydrocodone and ibuprofen was examined under different conditions recommended by ICH, including alkaline, acidic, neutral, oxidative, photolytic and thermal.
Results: Hydrocodone and ibuprofen are eluted at 4.019 min and 4.999 min, respectively. The assay method was linear (range: 3.75-11.25 µg/ml and 100-300 μg/ml) with R2values of 0.9996 and 0.9999 for hydrocodone and ibuprofen, respectively. Method was accurate (recovery: 99.65% and 99.37% for hydrocodone and ibuprofen, respectively), precise (RSD: 0.262% and 0.261% for hydrocodone and ibuprofen, respectively), selective and robust. In degradation studies, peaks of degradants did not interfere with the peaks of hydrocodone and ibuprofen. This validated method was applied to assay the content of hydrocodone and ibuprofen in tablets.
Conclusion: This method can be opted in the routine quality control test of fixed dose tablet combination comprising of hydrocodone and ibuprofen.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF GLIBENCLAMIDE-SACCHARIN COCRYSTAL TABLET FORMULATIONS TO INCREASE THE DISSOLUTION RATE OF THE DRUG
Authors: BUDIMAN ARIF , HUSNI PATIHUL , SHAFIRA  , Alfauziah Tazyinul Q. 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Cocrystallisation is a promising method in order to increase the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs. The aim of this study was to prepare, formulate and evaluate glibenclamide (GCM) cocrystal in direct compress tablet dosage form using saccharin (SAC) as the coformer.
Methods: GCM cocrystal with various stoichiometric ratios were prepared by the solvent drop grinding method. The co-crystal was characterized by a saturated solubility test and dissolution rate test, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD). The tablet dosage form of GCM was formulated and evaluated compare with the conventional dosage form.
Results: The solubility and disso­lution rate of GCM-SAC cocrystals increased significantly compared with pure GCM, especially for 1:2 of ratio. The dissolution rate of cocrystal with ratio 1:2 increased by almost 91.9% compared with pure GCM. Based on the FTIR analysis, it showed the shifting of characteristic bands of GCM in the spectrum and there was no chemical reaction in GCM cocrystal. In PXRD measurement, the new crystalline peak was detected in the crystal habit of cocrystal compared with pure GCM and coformer. The new single melting of GCM-SAC cocrystal also was detected in DSC measurement. The tablets of GCM-SAC cocrystal were successfully prepared by direct compression method which rapidly disintegrated (1 min) and has higher dissolution compared with its pure form (32.36% greater than glibenclamide after 45 min).
Conclusion: The tablet dosage form of GCM cocrystal with SAC as coformer was successfully prepared, formulated and improved its solubility and dissolution rate.
SIFAT MEKANIK RUBBER SEAL KATUP TABUNG GAS LPG PADA VARIASI UKURAN DAN DOSIS SILIKA
Authors: Handayani Hani , Faturrohman Muhammad Irfan , Prastanto Henry , Ramadhan Arief , Kinasih Norma Arisanti 
Published: July 2019

Keputusan PT. Pertamina (Persero) untuk mengganti warna karet perapat (rubber seal) pada katup tabung gas LPG dari hitam menjadi merah menimbulkan permasalahan tersendiri. Pemakaian warna merah pada karet perapat berpengaruh terhadap desain kompon karena menggunakan silika sebagai bahan pengisi. Berbeda dengan carbon black, silika yang beredar di pasar memiliki keterbatasan ukuran partikel. Ukuran partikel bahan pengisi berpengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik dari produk karet. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis dan dosis silika dengan ukuran partikel yang berbeda terhadap sifat fisika dari vulkanisat karet perapat gas LPG. Silika dengan 3 variasi ukuran partikel (luas permukaan 55, 115, dan 175 m2/g) dan 5 variasi dosis (5, 10, 15, 25, dan 30 bsk) digunakan sebagai bahan pengisi untuk pembuatan kompon karet perapat gas LPG. Kompon yang dirancang kemudian diuji sifat fisikanya sesuai persyaratan di dalam SNI 7655:2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar ukuran partikel silika delta torsinya semakin rendah. Adapun perbedaan dosis silika yang digunakan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan silika di atas 15 bsk untuk jenis 115 m2/g, dan di atas 10 bsk untuk jenis 175 m2/g menyebabkan nilai pampatan tetapnya tidak lagi memenuhi persyaratan SNI. Sementara itu pengaruhnya terhadap nilai perpanjangan putus tidak terlalu signifikan untuk silika 115 m2/g, sedangkan untuk silika 175 m2/g, perpanjangan putus naik sampai dosis silika 15 bsk dan turun kembali pada penambahan silika di atas 15 bsk.