bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using forward genetics in Nicotiana benthamiana to uncover the immune signaling pathway mediating recognition of the Xanthomonas perforans effector XopJ4
Authors: Schultink Alex , Qi Tiancong , Bally Julia , Staskawicz Brian 
Published: August 2018

Summary

The immune pathway responsible for perception of the Xanthomonas perforans effector XopJ4 was identified in the plant Nicotiana benthamiana. This pathogen causes significant yield loss in commercial tomato cultivation.

Genetic mapping and viral‐induced gene silencing were used to identify immune signaling components of the XopJ4 perception pathway in N. benthamiana. Transient complementation assays were performed to determine the functionality of gene variants and co‐immunoprecipitation assays were used to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of the pathway.

Two N. benthamiana ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutants deficient for XopJ4 perception were identified as having loss‐of‐function mutations in the gene encoding the nucleotide binding, leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) protein NbZAR1. Silencing of a receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase family XII gene, subsequently named XOPJ4 IMMUNITY 2 (JIM2), blocks perception of XopJ4.

This study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting mutant screens in N. benthamiana to investigate the genetic basis of the plant immune system and other processes. The identification of NbZAR1 and JIM2 as mediating XopJ4 perception in N. benthamiana supports the model of ZAR1 being involved in the perception of many different pathogen effector proteins with specificity dictated by associated receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinases.
The effectiveness of eHealth interventions on physical activity and measures of obesity among working‐age women: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cotie L. M. , Prince S. A. , Elliott C. G. , Ziss M. C. , McDonnell L. A. , Mullen K. A. , Hiremath S. , Pipe A. L. , Reid R. D. , Reed J. L. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryPhysical inactivity and obesity are modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, particularly in women. eHealth interventions may increase physical activity and improve obesity‐related outcomes among women. The objective of this study was to review the evidence of the effectiveness of eHealth interventions to increase moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity among working‐age women. The secondary objective was to examine their effectiveness on improving obesity‐related outcomes. A comprehensive search strategy was developed for eight electronic databases; through July 2016. All studies consisting of >80% women of working‐age (18–65 years) in high income countries were included. Multiple unblinded reviewers determined study eligibility and extracted data. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and data quality using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model. Sixty studies were included in the review of which 20 were in the meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis demonstrated eHealth interventions improved moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (standard mean difference = 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.58, 1.68, P < 0.0001); an increase of ~25 min week−1. No changes were observed in obesity‐related outcomes; waist circumference (P = 0.06), body mass (P = 0.05) and body mass index (P = 0.35). eHealth interventions are effective at increasing min week−1 of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity among working‐age women from high income countries.
Electricity consumption, economic growth and trade openness in Kazakhstan: evidence from cointegration and causality
Authors: Khan Saleheen , Jam Farooq Ahmed , Shahbaz Muhammad , Mamun Md Al 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe investigate the relation between electricity consumption and economic growth by incorporating trade openness, capital and labour in production function of Kazakhstan using annual data for 1991–2014. We apply the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing and the VECM Granger causality approach to examine long‐run and causality relation between the variables. Our results confirm the existence of a long‐run relation among the series. The empirical evidence reveals that electricity consumption adds in economic growth. Trade openness stimulates economic growth, and capital and labour promote economic growth, as well. The causality analysis shows that electricity consumption Granger causes economic growth and trade openness. We also document feedback effect between trade openness and economic growth. Our study provides new insights for policymakers to articulate a comprehensive economic, trade and energy policy to sustain long‐run economic growth in Kazakhstan.
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: The effects of melatonin administration on disease severity and sleep quality in children with atopic dermatitis: A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Taghavi Ardakani Abbas , Farrehi Maryam , Sharif Mohammad Reza , Ostadmohammadi Vahidreza , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Kheirkhah Davood , Moosavi Seyed Gholam Abbas , Behnejad Milad , Reiter Russel J. , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this clinical trial was to determine the effects of melatonin administration on disease severity and sleep quality in children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD).MethodsThis randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted by recruiting 70 patients, aged 6‐12 years, who had been diagnosed with AD. Study participants were randomly allocated into two intervention groups to receive either 6 mg/d melatonin supplements or placebo (n = 35 each group) for 6 weeks. Severity of disease was assessed using the scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) and objective SCORAD indices. Sleep quality was evaluated by completing the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ).ResultsFollowing 6 weeks of intervention, melatonin supplementation significantly improved SCORAD index (β −3.55; 95% CI, −6.11, −0.98; P = 0.007), objective SCORAD index (β −3.23; 95% CI, −5.08, −1.38; P = 0.001), serum total IgE levels (β −153.94 ku/L; 95% CI, −260.39, −47.49; P = 0.005), and CSHQ scores (β −2.55; 95% CI, −4.34, −0.75; P = 0.006). However, melatonin had no significant impact on pruritus scores, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), sleep‐onset latency, total sleep time, weight, and BMI compared with placebo.ConclusionsOverall, melatonin supplementation had beneficial effects on disease severity, serum total IgE levels, and CSHQ among children diagnosed with AD.
Phylloid terminal hair nevus: A unique clinical entity
Authors: Kittler Nicole W. , Antonov Nina K. , Scripps Tessa B. , Anyane‐Yeboa Kwame , Garzon Maria C. , Lauren Christine T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present a case of an otherwise healthy infant with a localized patch of phylloid hypopigmentation bordered by terminal hairs on the back. We believe that this is a unique clinical entity and propose the term “phylloid terminal hair nevus.” We believe that this is a localized form of phylloid hypomelanosis that is not associated with extracutaneous abnormalities.
A p.478I>T KRT1 mutation in a case of annular epidermolytic ichthyosis
Authors: Zaki Theodore D. , Yoo Ki‐Young , Kassardjian Michael , Choate Keith A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAnnular epidermolytic ichthyosis (AEI; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man [OMIM]# 607602) is a rare subtype of epidermolytic ichthyosis that is characterized by polycyclic, migratory erythematous and scaly plaques. It typically results from dominant mutations in the keratin 1 or keratin 10 genes. We present the case of a 5‐year‐old girl who developed intermittent eruptions of pink, round, scaly, migratory plaques with palmoplantar keratoderma and was originally diagnosed with erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva (EKVP). Genetic analysis revealed a c.1436T>C transition mutation in the keratin 1 gene, and histopathology showed epidermolysis and hyperkeratosis, confirming the diagnosis of AEI.
The effect of bone marrow graft composition on pediatric bone marrow transplantation outcomes
Authors: Fabrizio Vanessa , Wahlquist Amy , Hill Elise , Williams Elizabeth , Kramer Cindy , Jaroscak Jennifer , Duong Angie , Garrett‐Mayer Elizabeth , Hudspeth Michelle 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell graft cellular composition has been generally accepted to impact outcomes. Recent studies question this hypothesis. We conducted a single‐center retrospective study of sixty‐one pediatric BMT recipients for malignant (68%) and nonmalignant diseases (32%) examining effects of graft composition on engraftment, acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and survival at day 100 and 1 year. Grafts contained a median of 3.63 x 08 TNC/kg (range: 0.031‐10.31 x 108 TNC/kg) and 4.09 x 106 CD34+/kg (range: 0.76‐24.15 x 106 CD34+/kg) with median neutrophil and platelet engraftment times of 17 and 29 days, respectively. A univariate analysis showed a trend for increasing TNC and increasing time to neutrophil engraftment HR: 0.875; CI: 0.075‐1.001). Increasing CD34+ counts shortened time to platelet engraftment (HR: 1.085; CI: 1.015‐1.161). No significant relationship was found between TNC, CD34+, or CD3+ and acute or chronic GVHD. TNC or CD34+ did not affect day 100, 1‐year survival, or 2‐year survival. Increasing CD3+ counts demonstrated a negative trend on day 100 survival (HR: 1.108; CI: 1.001‐1.036) but not 1‐year survival or 2‐year survival. These results add additional data questioning the effect of graft composition on outcomes in pediatric BMT patients with important ramifications for the management of donors.
Circumnutational movement in rice coleoptiles involves the gravitropic response: analysis of an agravitropic mutant and space‐grown seedlings
Authors: Kobayashi Akie , Kim Hye‐Jeong , Tomita Yuta , Miyazawa Yutaka , Fujii Nobuharu , Yano Sachiko , Yamazaki Chiaki , Kamada Motoshi , Kasahara Haruo , Miyabayashi Sachiko , Shimazu Toru , Fusejima Yasuo , Takahashi Hideyuki 
Published: August 2018

Plants exhibit helical growth movements known as circumnutation in growing organs. Some studies indicate that circumnutation involves the gravitropic response, but this notion is a matter of debate. Here, using the agravitropic rice mutant lazy1 and space‐grown rice seedlings, we found that circumnutation was reduced or lost during agravitropic growth in coleoptiles. Coleoptiles of wild‐type rice exhibited circumnutation in the dark, with vigorous oscillatory movements during their growth. The gravitropic responses in lazy1 coleoptiles differed depending on the growth stage, with gravitropic responses detected during early growth and agravitropism during later growth. The nutation‐like movements observed in lazy1 coleoptiles at the early stage of growth were no longer detected with the disappearance of the gravitropic response. To verify the relationship between circumnutation and gravitropic responses in rice coleoptiles, we conducted spaceflight experiments in plants under microgravity conditions on the International Space Station. Wild‐type rice seeds were germinated, and the resulting seedlings were grown under microgravity or a centrifuge‐generated 1 g environment in space. We began filming the seedlings 2 days after seed imbibition and obtained images of seedling growth every 15 min. The seed germination rate in space was 92–100% under both microgravity and 1 g conditions. LED‐synchronized flashlight photography induced an attenuation of coleoptile growth and circumnutational movement due to cumulative light exposure. Nevertheless, wild‐type rice coleoptiles still showed circumnutational oscillations under 1 g but not microgravity conditions. These results support the idea that the gravitropic response is involved in plant circumnutation.
Rural and Small Town Residents and the Rural Mystique: Data from Texas
Authors: Theodori Gene L. , Willits Fern K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study used data from a 2012 survey of persons living in small and rural places in Texas to assess their views concerning selected positive and negative descriptions of rural and urban life. Findings suggest that ruraland small town Texans tended to accept positive images of rural life, toreject negative views of rurality, and to be somewhat ambivalent with respect to urban living. Bivariate and multiple correlation and regression analyses found relationships between subjects' selected sociodemographic characteristics and their views related to rural and urban life. The article presents comparisons of these findings with the results of previous research on the rural mystique and advances suggestions for additional exploration of these ideas.
Adolescents’ perceptions of the transition process from parental management to self‐management of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Strand Marianne , Broström Anders , Haugstvedt Anne 
Published: August 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to describe how adolescents perceive the transition from being dependent on their parents to managing their own type 1 diabetes.DesignAn explorative design with a phenomenographic approach was used.MethodsSemistructured interviews took place during 2016–2017 with 18 strategically sampled adolescents (7 boys and 11 girls, aged 16–18 years) with type 1 diabetes from five Norwegian paediatric diabetes centres.FindingsThree descriptive categories, each comprising three perceptions, emerged: (1) Taking responsibility for own diabetes is a process comprised ‘It is natural to take over responsibility for own diabetes’, ‘Expectations from parents and healthcare personnel’, and ‘The adolescents want more independence’. (2) Taking responsibility for own diabetes was dependent on coping comprised ‘Feeling proud to handle their own diabetes’, ‘The transition is like a roller coaster’, and ‘Taking responsibility means that it is your fault if you make mistakes’. (3) It is demanding to take responsibility for own diabetes comprised ‘Taking responsibility for own diabetes requires knowledge and skills’, ‘It is time‐consuming to take responsibility for own diabetes’, and ‘Having responsibility for own diabetes is like being examined every day’.ConclusionsAdolescents want to take over the responsibility for their diabetes treatment from their parents, but they need knowledge, experience and skills to succeed. Parents, friends and health professionals are important supporters during the transition.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth professionals need to know their patients to identify the adolescents’ need for support. Self‐care is considered essential in the management of diabetes. Education sessions are an important part of the transition to control own diabetes. Such education should also include parents and friends.
How to achieve the global 90‐90‐90 target by 2020 in sub‐Saharan Africa? A mathematical modelling study
Authors: Estill Janne , Marsh Kimberly , Autenrieth Christine , Ford Nathan 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectivesThe 90‐90‐90 target states that by 2020, 90% of people living with HIV should be diagnosed, 90% of those diagnosed treated, and 90% of those treated virally suppressed. We assessed the actions needed in each country of sub‐Saharan Africa to achieve the 90‐90‐90 target.MethodsWe developed a mathematical model to assess the number of patients needing to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2017 and 2020 to achieve 81% coverage by 2020 in each country, and the proportion of treated patients who are virally suppressed in four scenarios, combining two scenarios of retention (current‐level or perfect), and routine viral load monitoring (current or universal coverage). We performed two separate simulations, one using observed failure rates from cohort studies, and one with considerably lower failure rates to set a theoretical lower limit.ResultsOur model projected that 2.9 million people started ART in 2017 in sub‐Saharan Africa. If, depending on scenario, at least 2.2–2.7 million patients continue to start ART annually, 81% ART coverage will be reached in 2020 in sub‐Saharan Africa on average. In 37% of the countries, a multiple‐fold increase in annual number of patients starting ART is needed. Virological suppression >90% in 2020 could be reached only in the best‐case scenario assuming low probability of treatment failure, elimination of treatment interruptions, and universal routine viral load monitoring.ConclusionThe 90‐90‐90 target is realistic in sub‐Saharan Africa on average, but not necessarily in all individual countries. Each country should identify and focus on the specific gaps needing attention.
Pest management using mint volatiles to elicit resistance in soy: mechanism and application potential
Authors: Sukegawa Satoru , Shiojiri Kaori , Higami Tomota , Suzuki Syunpei , Arimura Gen‐ichiro 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYPlants can eavesdrop on volatile cues emitted from neighboring plants to boost their defense responses. When 10 categories of mints were tested for their effects on Glycine max (soybean) plants cultivated nearby, candy mint (Mentha × piperita cv. Candy) and peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) induced the strongest enhancement in RNA levels of defense genes in the soybean leaves. The mechanism by which the mint volatiles enhanced these transcript levels was based on histone acetylation within the promoter regions of defense genes. These increases in transcript levels were induced when receiver plants were cultivated near to candy mint, but the priming of the defense responses was instead induced when receiver plants were cultivated at mid‐length intervals. Field assays revealed that anti‐herbivore ability of soy was strengthened both by co‐cultivation and by pre‐incubation of receiver plants with candy mint. The same held true for another receiver, Brassica rapa, when the receiver was co‐cultivated or pre‐incubated with peppermint. Exposure to mint volatiles resulted in lower damage to receiver plants, although ecological effects on the herbivores and predators probably also contributed. Together, our findings indicate that pest management systems relying on mint as companion plants might be commercially useful for reducing herbivore damage in crops.
Immune hemolysis secondary to injection of contrast medium
Authors: Maurin Carole , Vassal Olivia , Darien Marie , Raba Michel , Allaouchiche Bernard , Piriou Vincent 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUNDDrug‐induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is a rare but sometimes severe side effect.CASE REPORTWe describe the case of a 32‐year‐old patient who presented a cardiovascular collapse and a severe hemolysis secondary to the injection of iomeprol, a contrast medium, after a carcinologic surgery.RESULTSThe evolution was favorable after blood transfusion and short catecholamine support. The biology showed drug‐dependent antibodies after incubation with iomeprol.CONCLUSIONThis case is the second report of DIIHA with iomeprol.
Comparison of heel stick sample with placental blood sample for pretransfusion testing
Authors: Aysola Agnes E. , Duque Miriam Andrea , Williams Patty , Alissa Rana 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUNDPublished studies demonstrate that placental blood samples provide acceptable results for various laboratory tests, but these studies did not include pretransfusion testing. The aim of this study was to show concordance between heel stick and placental blood sample pairs for pretransfusion testing and to validate tube and gel method for placental samples. Using placental blood samples for pretransfusion testing potentially reduces the amount of blood collected from newborns for initial laboratory tests.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPlacental samples were collected for pretransfusion tests at birth from 32 newborns with less than 2000 g birthweight and less than 35 weeks to compare the results with the heel stick samples from the same newborns. ABO and D typing, direct antiglobulin test (DAT) with IgG, and antibody screen tests were performed on these sample pairs. For ABO and D typing both tube and gel methods were used to validate both methods for the placental samples.RESULTSThis study shows 100% concordance in 32 sample pairs for ABO, D, and DAT tests. Antibody screen results were compared on 29 sample pairs. All 28 sample pairs were concordant, but one placental blood sample was more sensitive to detect a weak maternal antibody than its corresponding heel stick sample was.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study validated that placental blood samples can be used in place of heel stick samples and are suitable for pretransfusion testing. This study also validated ABO and D typing by tube and gel methods for placental samples.
Detection and Classification of Sensor Anomalies in Gas Turbine Field Data
Authors: Ceschini Giuseppe Fabio , Manservigi Lucrezia , Bechini Giovanni , Venturini Mauro 
Published: August 2018

Anomaly detection and classification is a key challenge for gas turbine monitoring and diagnostics. To this purpose, a comprehensive approach for Detection, Classification and Integrated Diagnostics of Gas Turbine Sensors (named DCIDS) was developed by the authors in previous papers. The methodology consists of an Anomaly Detection Algorithm (ADA) and an Anomaly Classification Algorithm (ACA). The ADA identifies anomalies according to three different levels of filtering. Anomalies are subsequently analyzed by the ACA to perform their classification, according to time correlation, magnitude and number of sensors in which an anomaly is contemporarily identified.
The performance of the DCIDS approach is assessed in this paper based on a significant amount of field data taken on several Siemens gas turbines in operation. The field data refer to six different physical quantities, i.e. vibration, pressure, temperature, VGV position, lube oil tank level and rotational speed. The analyses carried out in this paper allow the detection and classification of the anomalies and provide some rules of thumb for field operation, with the final aim of identifying time occurrence and magnitude of faulty sensors and measurements.
The Effect of Turbulent Scales on Low-Pressure Turbine Aerodynamics: Part B — Scale Resolving Simulations
Authors: Schwarzbach Felix , Müller-Schindewolffs Christoph , Bode Christoph , Herbst Florian 
Published: August 2018

Turbulence contains a wide range of scales which form the turbulent spectrum. In low-pressure turbines (LPT) these scales of the turbulent free-stream influence large-scale mixing, the decay of turbulence kinetic energy and the transition of boundary layers through their reception of the small scales. Although these mechanisms are known in principle, the effect of turbulent scales on LPT aerodynamics has not been quantified and analyzed in detail yet.
By means of Large Eddy Simulations (LES) applying the Incompressible Divergence-Free Synthetic Eddy Method (I-DFSEM) — introduced in Part A of this two-part paper — at the domain inlet to impose any desired turbulent boundary condition, the MTU-T161 LPT cascade is investigated under low-speed conditions. The simulations are successfully validated by the experimental results of the turbulent spectrum. In order to separate the effect of turbulence intensity and length scale on the cascade aerodynamics, the turbulent length scale is systematically varied while ensuring similar turbulence intensity at the profile’s leading edge.
The results show an influence of the turbulent spectrum on separation-induced boundary layer transition. It is shown that the separated shear layer is amplified by integral length scales corresponding to frequencies close to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Consequently it affects the turbulent mixing such that the transition point and lengths differ.