bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Glutathione s-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to acquired sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zong Shimin , Zeng Xue , Guan Yexiao , Liu Tianyi , Luo Pan , Wan Fangmin , Qu Yanji , Chen Pei , Xiao Hongjun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAcquired sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), including age-related hearing loss (ARHL), noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), drug-induced hearing loss (DIHL) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL), is one of the most common sensory deficits in humans. Several studies have reported that antioxidant gene glutathione s-transferase M1 and T1 (GST M1 and T1) polymorphisms have a close relationship with the susceptibility to acquired SNHL, but other articles have reported opposite results. This meta-analysis aims to identify whether an association exists between GST M1 and T1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to acquired SNHL. Seventeen independent studies containing 1749 cases and 2018 controls were included. According to the I2 value of the heterogeneity test, random-effects model was selected to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and p values. The pooled ORs (95% CI, p-value) of GST M1 and T1 were 1.186(0.955–1.473, p = 0.122) and 1.107(0.841–1.458, p = 1.467), respectively. In addition, subgroup analyses according to the type of SNHL and ethnicity showed no relationship between GST M1 and T1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to acquired SNHL. Our results suggest that no significant relationship was found between GST M1 and T1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to acquired SNHL.
Orthohantaviruses belonging to three phylogroups all inhibit apoptosis in infected target cells
Authors: Solà-Riera Carles , Gupta Shawon , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Klingström Jonas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOrthohantaviruses, previously known as hantaviruses, are zoonotic viruses that can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. The HPS-causing Andes virus (ANDV) and the HFRS-causing Hantaan virus (HTNV) have anti-apoptotic effects. To investigate if this represents a general feature of orthohantaviruses, we analysed the capacity of six different orthohantaviruses – belonging to three distinct phylogroups and representing both pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses – to inhibit apoptosis in infected cells. Primary human endothelial cells were infected with ANDV, HTNV, the HFRS-causing Puumala virus (PUUV) and Seoul virus, as well as the putative non-pathogenic Prospect Hill virus and Tula virus. Infected cells were then exposed to the apoptosis-inducing chemical staurosporine or to activated human NK cells exhibiting a high cytotoxic potential. Strikingly, all orthohantaviruses inhibited apoptosis in both settings. Moreover, we show that the nucleocapsid (N) protein from all examined orthohantaviruses are potential targets for caspase-3 and granzyme B. Recombinant N protein from ANDV, PUUV and the HFRS-causing Dobrava virus strongly inhibited granzyme B activity and also, to certain extent, caspase-3 activity. Taken together, this study demonstrates that six different orthohantaviruses inhibit apoptosis, suggesting this to be a general feature of orthohantaviruses likely serving as a mechanism of viral immune evasion.
Adequate vegetative cover decreases nitrous oxide emissions from cattle urine deposited in grazed pastures under rainy season conditions
Authors: Chirinda Ngonidzashe , Loaiza Sandra , Arenas Laura , Ruiz Verónica , Faverín Claudia , Alvarez Carolina , Savian Jean Víctor , Belfon Renaldo , Zuniga Karen , Morales-Rincon Luis Alberto , Trujillo Catalina , Arango Miguel , Rao Idupulapati , Arango Jacobo , Peters Michael , Barahona Rolando , Costa Ciniro , Rosenstock Todd S. , Richards Meryl , Martinez-Baron Deissy , Cardenas Laura 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA decline in pasture productivity is often associated with a reduction in vegetative cover. We hypothesize that nitrogen (N) in urine deposited by grazing cattle on degraded pastures, with low vegetative cover, is highly susceptible to losses. Here, we quantified the magnitude of urine-based nitrous oxide (N2O) lost from soil under paired degraded (low vegetative cover) and non-degraded (adequate vegetative cover) pastures across five countries of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region and estimated urine-N emission factors. Soil N2O emissions from simulated cattle urine patches were quantified with closed static chambers and gas chromatography. At the regional level, rainy season cumulative N2O emissions (3.31versus1.91 kg N2O-N ha−1) and emission factors (0.42versus0.18%) were higher for low vegetative cover compared to adequate vegetative cover pastures. Findings indicate that under rainy season conditions, adequate vegetative cover through proper pasture management could help reduce urine-induced N2O emissions from grazed pastures.
Amino acid substitutions at sugar-recognizing codons confer ABO blood group system-related α1,3 Gal(NAc) transferases with differential enzymatic activity
Authors: Cid Emili , Yamamoto Miyako , Yamamoto Fumiichiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFunctional paralogous ABO, GBGT1, A3GALT2, and GGTA1 genes encode blood group A and B transferases (AT and BT), Forssman glycolipid synthase (FS), isoglobotriaosylceramide synthase (iGb3S), and α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GT), respectively. These glycosyltransferases transfer N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc) or d-galactose forming an α1,3-glycosidic linkage. However, their acceptor substrates are diverse. Previously, we demonstrated that the amino acids at codons 266 and 268 of human AT/BT are crucial to their distinct sugar specificities, elucidating the molecular genetic basis of the ABO glycosylation polymorphism of clinical importance in transfusion and transplantation medicine. We also prepared in vitro mutagenized ATs/BTs having any of 20 possible amino acids at those codons, and showed that those codons determine the transferase activity and sugar specificity. We have expanded structural analysis to include evolutionarily related α1,3-Gal(NAc) transferases. Eukaryotic expression constructs were prepared of AT, FS, iGb3S, and GT, possessing selected tripeptides of AT-specific AlaGlyGly or LeuGlyGly, BT-specific MetGlyAla, FS-specific GlyGlyAla, or iGb3S and GT-specific HisAlaAla, at the codons corresponding to 266–268 of human AT/BT. DNA transfection was performed using appropriate recipient cells existing and newly created, and the appearance of cell surface oligosaccharide antigens was immunologically examined. The results have shown that several tripeptides other than the originals also bestowed transferase activity. However, the repertoire of functional amino acids varied among those transferases, suggesting that structures around those codons differentially affected the interactions between donor nucleotide-sugar and acceptor substrates. It was concluded that different tripeptide sequences at the substrate-binding pocket have contributed to the generation of α1,3-Gal(NAc) transferases with diversified specificities.
Environmental filtering of bacterial functional diversity along an aridity gradient
Authors: Song Ho-Kyung , Shi Yu , Yang Teng , Chu Haiyan , He Jin-Sheng , Kim Hyoki , Jablonski Piotr , Adams Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStudying how metagenome composition and diversity varies along environmental gradients may improve understanding of the general principles of community and ecosystem structuring. We studied soil bacterial metagenomes along a precipitation gradient on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, varying between 500 mm and 60 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP). We found that lower MAP was strongly associated with reduced functional diversity of bacterial genes. It appears that extreme environmental conditions associated with aridity constrain the diversity of functional strategies present in soil biota – analogous to broad scale patterns found in plant functional diversity along environmental gradients. In terms of specific functions, more extreme arid conditions were also associated with increased relative abundance of genes related to dormancy and osmoprotectants. Decreased relative abundance of genes related to antibiotic resistance and virulence in more arid conditions suggests reduced intensity of biotic interaction under extreme physiological conditions. These trends parallel those seen in earlier, more preliminary comparisons of metagenomes across biomes.
Study of the whole genome, methylome and transcriptome of Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Chen Yujiao , Wu Yuqian , Liu Li , Feng Jianhua , Zhang Tiancheng , Qin Sheng , Zhao Xingyu , Wang Chaoxia , Li Dongmei , Han Wei , Shao Minghui , Zhao Ping , Xue Jianfeng , Liu Xiaomin , Li Hongjie , Zhao Enwei , Zhao Wen , Guo Xijie , Jin Yongfeng , Cao Yaming , Cui Liwang , Zhou Zeqi , Xia Qingyou , Rao Zihe , Zhang Yaozhou 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe complete genome of Cordyceps militaris was sequenced using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology at a coverage over 300×. The genome size was 32.57 Mb, and 14 contigs ranging from 0.35 to 4.58 Mb with an N50 of 2.86 Mb were assembled, including 4 contigs with telomeric sequences on both ends and an additional 8 contigs with telomeric sequences on either the 5′ or 3′ end. A methylome database of the genome was constructed using SMRT and m4C and m6A methylated nucleotides, and many unknown modification types were identified. The major m6A methylation motif is GA and GGAG, and the major m4C methylation motif is GC or CG/GC. In the C. militaris genome DNA, there were four types of methylated nucleotides that we confirmed using high-resolution LCMS-IT-TOF. Using PacBio Iso-Seq, a total of 31,133 complete cDNA sequences were obtained in the fruiting body. The conserved domains of the nontranscribed regions of the genome include TATA boxes, which are the initial regions of genome replication. There were 406 structural variants between the HN and CM01 strains, and there were 1,114 structural variants between the HN and ATCC strains.
Reliability and Construct Validity of the TBI-QOL Communication Short Form as a Parent-Proxy Report Instrument for Children With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Cohen Matthew L. , Tulsky David S. , Boulton Aaron J. , Kisala Pamela A. , Bertisch Hilary , Yeates Keith Owen , Zonfrillo Mark R. , Durbin Dennis R. , Jaffe Kenneth M. , Temkin Nancy , Wang Jin , Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the internal consistency and construct validity of the Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life Communication Item Bank (TBI-QOL COM) short form as a parent-proxy report measure. The TBI-QOL COM is a patient-reported outcome measure of functional communication originally developed as a self-report measure for adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but it may also be valid as a parent-proxy report measure for children who have sustained TBI.

Method

One hundred twenty-nine parent-proxy raters completed the TBI-QOL COM short form 6 months postinjury as a secondary aim of a multisite study of pediatric TBI outcomes. The respondents' children with TBI were between 8 and 18 years old (
M
age
= 13.2 years old) at the time of injury, and the proportion of TBI severity mirrored national trends (73% complicated–mild; 27% moderate or severe).

Results
The parent-proxy report version of the TBI-QOL COM displayed strong internal consistency (ordinal α = .93). It also displayed evidence of known-groups validity by virtue of more severe injuries associated with more abnormal scores. The instrument also showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity by displaying a pattern of correlations with other constructs according to their conceptual relatedness to functional communication.

Conclusions
This preliminary psychometric investigation of the TBI-QOL COM supports the further development of a parent report version of the instrument. Future development of the TBI-QOL COM with this population may include expanding the content of the item bank and developing calibrations specifically for parent-proxy raters.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7616534
Modulation of Tongue Pressure According to Liquid Flow Properties in Healthy Swallowing
Authors: Steele Catriona M. , Peladeau-Pigeon Melanie , Barbon Carly A. E. , Guida Brittany T. , Tapson Melanie S. , Valenzano Teresa J. , Waito Ashley A. , Wolkin Talia S. , Hanson Ben , Ong Jane Jun-Xin , Duizer Lisa M. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
During swallowing, the tongue generates the primary propulsive forces that transport material through the oral cavity toward the pharynx. Previous literature suggests that higher tongue pressure amplitudes are generated for extremely thick liquids compared with thin liquids. The purpose of this study was to collect detailed information about the modulation of tongue pressure amplitude and timing across the range from thin to moderately thick liquids.

Method

Tongue pressure patterns were measured in 38 healthy adults (aged under 60 years) during swallowing with 4 levels of progressively thicker liquid consistency (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative, Levels 0 =
thin
, 1 =
slightly thick
, 2 =
mildly thick
, and 3 =
moderately thick
). Stimuli with matching gravity flow (measured using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Flow Test;
Cichero et al., 2017
;
Hanson, 2016
) were prepared both with/without barium (20% weight per volume concentration) and thickened with starch and xanthan gum thickeners.

Results
After controlling for variations in sip volume, thicker liquids were found to elicit significantly higher amplitudes of peak tongue pressure and a pattern of higher (i.e., steeper) pressure rise and decay slopes (change in pressure per unit time). Explorations across stimuli with similar flow but prepared with different thickeners and with/without barium revealed very few differences in tongue pressure, with the exception of significantly higher pressure amplitudes and rise slopes for nonbarium, starch-thickened slightly and mildly thick liquids.

Conclusions
There was no evidence that the addition of barium led to systematic differences in tongue pressure parameters across liquids with closely matched gravity flow. Additionally, no significant differences in tongue pressure parameters were found across thickening agents.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7616537
Planning for and Working With Children With an Auditory Brainstem Implant: What Therapists Need to Know
Authors: Hammes Ganguly Dianne M. , Schrader Debra K. , Martinez Amy S. 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionInvestigations of auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) in children started around 2012 in the United States. The team at the University of Southern California-Caruso Family Center for Childhood Communication began seeing children, implanted abroad, in 2006. ABIs are indicated for children who cannot benefit from cochlear implants (CIs). The habilitation and educational needs of children with ABIs versus CIs differ.PurposeThis document provides information professionals can use when implementing habilitation programs for children with ABIs.MethodThe University of Southern California-Caruso Family Center for Childhood Communication, as part of the Los Angeles Pediatric ABI team, is conducting an ABI safety and feasibility clinical trial. This article shares experiences from the viewpoint of a multidisciplinary team. The article provides background knowledge, an outcomes review, and considerations to guide ABI intervention.ResultsABIs and CIs differ in the acoustic information they provide. Outcome studies suggest progress is slow with ABIs but that children can develop some auditory or spoken language skills. The children require highly supportive learning experiences. Visual communication support remains important. The considerations outlined reflect the children's need for explicit instruction.ConclusionsWhen serving children with ABIs, therapists must apply their broad knowledge about working with children with hearing loss, tempering that knowledge, and recognizing that auditory access and progress differ with ABIs compared to CIs. Educational and program placement decisions may require unconventional thinking.
Impact du nucléaire sur la santé et l’environnement en situation non accidentelle
Authors: Stéphan Claude , Barbey Pierre 
Published: January 2019

Quel est l’impact du fonctionnement d’une centrale nucléaire sur l’environnement, les terres et les populations avoisinantes ? Quelles sont les phases industrielles de la filière, de l’extraction du minerai à l’exploitation des centrales, qui comportent les effets sensibles les plus controversés ?
Deux chercheurs répondent à nos questions en exprimant des points de vue opposés.
Autologous Patellar Tendon Reconstruction after Total Knee Arthroplasty Infection with Skin Loss: Anatomical Study and Case Report
Authors: Pérez-García Alberto , Esteban-Vico Juan Ramon , García-Sánchez Jose María , Baeza José , Soriano Francisco Martínez , Valverde Navarro Alfonso Amador , García-Granero Álvaro , Simón-Sanz Eduardo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDisruption of patellar tendon after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a devastating complication. If associated with infection or soft tissue defect, knee arthrodesis is usually indicated. The purpose of this study is to analyze, by means of an anatomical study, the feasibility of our novel technique for reconstruction of extensor apparatus after TKA infections with skin defects, combining gracilis (G) and semitendinosus (ST) tendon autografts and chimeric medial gastrocnemius-sural artery perforator (SAP) flap. In addition, to report on the use of this reconstruction, we described an illustrative clinical case. Ten fresh cadaver lower limbs were dissected. The width of the gastrocnemius, number of medial SAP, length of hamstrings tendons, and distance from the lower pole of the patella to anterior tibial tuberosity (ATT) were measured. A mean of 1.37 perforator branches (range 1–3) was found. In all cases, the tendon length for gracilis and ST, and the width in the middle third of gastrocnemius related to the patella-ATT distance were enough to make the reconstruction. We performed this technique in a 78-year-old man with an infected TKA with skin defect. After 1 year and two-stage procedure, the patient achieved full active knee extension and was able to ambulate without aids. Extensor apparatus reconstruction combining tendon autografts and chimeric medial gastrocnemius-SAP flap is an available technique and may be considered as an alternative to arthrodesis in extensor mechanism ruptures after infection in TKA.
Evidence-based dialogue: the relationship between religion and poverty through the lens of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sedmak Clemens 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRather than speculating about the relationship between poverty and religion or making use of anecdotal knowledge, it seems to be a more transparent way to make use of empirical evidence and the empirically obtained insights into the relationship between religion and poverty. Of particular interest is the role of religious institutions and religious beliefs in poverty reduction efforts. One systematic way to explore empirical findings is the use of a specific database, namely the database of the Abdul Jameel Poverty Action Lab—this is the premier institution for empirical and policy-oriented poverty research, committed to the “gold standard” of recent poverty research, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). The database of the Jameel PAL rendered 14 studies (with a total of 18 research papers). Some of them were not sufficiently relevant for the topic; as such, in this study 11 of these studies are considered and the key findings of them are reconstructed insofar as they relate to the link between religion and poverty. This will be my first step. In a second step this paper offers some comments based on these studies and look at the relationship between religion and poverty more broadly; finally, some conclusions for poverty alleviation are presented.
In vitro decidualisation of human endometrial stromal cells is enhanced by seminal fluid extracellular vesicles
Authors: Rodriguez‐Caro Helena , Dragovic Rebecca , Shen Mengni , Dombi Eszter , Mounce Ginny , Field Kate , Meadows Jamie , Turner Karen , Lunn Daniel , Child Tim , Southcombe Jennifer Helen , Granne Ingrid 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles are highly abundant in seminal fluids and have a known role enhancing sperm function. Clinical pregnancy rates after IVF treatment are improved after female exposure to seminal fluid. Seminal fluid extracellular vesicles (SF‐EVs) are candidate enhancers, however, whether SF‐EVs interact with cells from the endometrium and modulate the implantation processes is unknown. Here, we investigated whether SF‐EVs interact with endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and enhance decidualisation, a requisite for implantation. SF‐EVs, isolated from human seminal fluid (n = 11) by ultracentrifugation, were characterised by nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting, and purified using size exclusion chromatography. Non‐decidualised and decidualised primary ESCs (n = 5) were then treated with SF‐EVs. Binding of bio‐maleimide‐labelled SF‐EVs was detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Prolactin and IGFBP‐1 protein levels in culture media were also analysed after single and multiple SF‐EV exposure. SF‐EVs size ranged from 50 to 300 nm, and they expressed exosomal markers (ALIX, SYNTENIN‐1, CD9 and CD81). SF‐EVs bound to non‐decidualised and decidualised ESCs at similar levels. ESCs prolactin secretion was increased after single (p = 0.0044) and multiple (p = 0.0021) SF‐EV exposure. No differences were found in IGFBP‐1 protein levels. In conclusion, SF‐EVs enhance in vitro ESC decidualisation and increase secretion of prolactin, an essential hormone in implantation. This elucidates a novel role of SF‐EVs on endometrial receptivity. Abbreviations: ECACC: European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures; ESCs: endometrial stromal cells; EVs: extracellular vesicles; FCS: foetal calf serum; HRP: horse‐radish peroxidase; IFNγ: interferon‐gamma; IGF: insulin‐like growth factor; IGFBP‐1: insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1; IVF: in vitro fertilisation; MVB: multivesicular bodies; NTA: nanoparticle tracking analysis; PRLR−/−: homozygous prolactin receptor knockout; RT: room temperature; SF‐EVs: seminal fluid extracellular vesicles; STR: short tandem repeat; TGFβ: transforming growth factor β; uNK: uterine natural killer
Impact of the 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2 Guideline Focused Update
Authors: Gordian-Arroyo Adlin M , Zynger Debra L , Tozbikian Gary H 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) guideline focused update revises the HER2 scoring criteria. We evaluated the impact on HER2 rates in breast carcinoma diagnosed at our center.MethodsIn a retrospective series of breast core biopsies with invasive carcinoma diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 (n = 1,350), HER2 status was classified according to 2013 and 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines and changes in HER2 status identified.ResultsThe 2018 guidelines reclassified the HER2 status of 6% of patients. Most changed from HER2 equivocal status (equivocal by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization under the 2013 guidelines) to HER2-negative status (2018 guidelines). The HER2-positive rate decreased by 0.4%.ConclusionsThe 2018 guidelines decrease the rate of HER2 equivocal and positive breast cancer and reduce repeat HER2 testing on excision specimens. Approximately 0.4% of patients will become newly ineligible for anti-HER2 therapy.