bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo de evidencias de validez de una prueba de desempeño sobre competencias docentes: EDOE
Authors: Lobato Valverde Marlette , Alpuche Hernández Amílcar , Trejo Mejía Juan Andrés , Martínez González Adrián 
Published: January 2019

Introducción: La evaluación de competencias docentes se relaciona con la mejora de la actividad educativa, orientada hacia el desarrollo personal y formativo. No se cuenta con evaluaciones de alta fidelidad en nuestro medio. El objetivo es obtener fuentes de evidencia de validez del Examen Docente Objetivo Estructurado (EDOE) para evaluar las competencias docentes.
Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo en 3 fases: 1) Planeación: análisis del modelo de competencias, validación por jueces, validación de contenido por alumnos instructores y taller de trabajo con expertos para la creación de estaciones. 2) Piloto: se obtuvo el grado de concordancia de los evaluadores, validación y estructura interna de las estaciones (análisis de discriminación, alpha de Cronbach, medias y desviación estándar). 3) Final: Aplicación a la muestra por conveniencia no aleatoria conformada por 20 profesores del Departamento de Informática Biomédica de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM.
Resultados: Se realizó un análisis de discriminación de reactivos de 8 estaciones 2 tienen 5 reactivos que discriminan .05, 7 obtienen cargas factoriales aceptables; explicando un 88.35% de la varianza, un alpha de Cronbach de .68. La media de desempeño docente en el EDOE fue de 73.23 con desviación estándar de 8.4. La estación mejor evaluada fue estrategias de aprendizaje (85 ± 16.98) y la menor fue orientar la discusión (67.48 ± 15.62). Se detectó evidencia confirmatoria con exámenes similares utilizados en la Facultad de Medicina, se cumplieron los objetivos planteados en la creación de este instrumento, se detectó una media preevaluación EDOE y los profesores fueron realimentados sobre su desempeño con fines formativos.
Discusión y conclusiones: Se propone un instrumento de evaluación EDOE con suficiente evidencia de validez que puede ser utilizado en la evaluación del grado de competencia docente. Lo anterior orienta a crear instrumentos de evaluación docente que sigan buenas prácticas en cuanto a la elaboración de instrumentos con base en la cadena de evidencia de validez.
La curva de rendimiento y su relación con la actividad económica en México durante el periodo 1978-2017
Authors: Mota Aragón Martha Beatriz , Mata Mata Leovardo 
Published: January 2019

<p>En este trabajo se estudian los componentes principales de la variación de las tasas de interés de los instrumentos de deuda, emitidos por el Gobierno mexicano, en el periodo 1978-2017. Mediante un vector autorregresivo se encuentra una relación entre dichos componentes y las variables: brecha del PIB, tasa de inflación y tasa de crecimiento económico. Asimismo, se encuentra evidencia de causalidad en el sentido de Granger, lo que establece un puente entre la curva de rendimiento y la actividad económica en México. </p>
Contracting debt and the quality of financial reporting in private firms
Authors: Sousa Paiva Inna 
Published: January 2019

<p class="Default"><span lang="EN-US">This study investigates whether the quality of firms’ financial reporting is influenced by the con­tracting of debt, using data on Portuguese private firms from 2013 to 2015. More specifically, the study uses earnings smoothing, magnitude of absolute discretionary accruals, and timeliness of disclosure as proxies for financial reporting quality. I find that private firms which contract more debt exhibit higher levels of financial reporting quality. Additionally, firms that contract larger amounts of debt and with a good financial performance tend to exhibit lower quality financial reporting. The results provide strong evidence that private firms have an interest in camouflaging their performance in the presence of higher levels of bank debt. </span></p>
FURTADO VS. PREBISCH: A LATIN AMERICAN CONTROVERSY
Authors: Dutra Fonseca Pedro Cezar , Colangelo Salomão Ivan 
Published: January 2019

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The second half of the 1950s saw a conflict between Raúl Prebisch —the Executive Secretary of Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)— and Celso Furtado, who was one of the most respected economists in the institution. The conflict is little explored in the literature and, somehow, it has become taboo within the institution itself, since it motivated Furtado’s abandonment of ECLAC in 1957. By investigating two official documents they prepared to subsidize the Argentinian and the Mexican governments, the current study highlights the main differences regarding anti-inflation and external insertion policies and, taking a broader view, the role played by the State in leading the development process.</p><p align="center"> </p><p align="center">FURTADO VS. PREBISCH: UNA CONTROVERSIA LATINOAMERICANA</p><p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p>En la segunda mitad de la década de 1950 se registró un conflicto entre Raúl Prebisch, el Secretario Ejecutivo de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), y Celso Furtado, uno de los economistas más respetados de la institución. El conflicto está poco explorado en la literatura y se ha convertido en un tabú dentro de la propia institución, ya que motivó el abandono de la CEPAL por parte de Furtado en 1957. Al investigar dos documentos oficiales que ellos prepararon para subsidiar a los gobiernos de Argentina y México, el presente artículo destaca las principales diferencias respecto a las políticas de combate a la inflación y de inserción externa y, a partir de una visión más amplia, el papel desempeñado por el Estado en la conducción del proceso de desarrollo.
Chitosan anchored nanoparticles for breast cancer: preparation and evaluation: part-I
Authors: Thagele Rajkumari , Bagre Archana , Kori Mohan Lal 
Published: January 2019

The objective of present research work was to develop methotrexate loaded chitosan anchored shell nanoparticles for drug delivery in breast cancer. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) were synthesized by ionic gelation of chitosan using sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). The optimized nanoparticles were characterized for particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) revealed particle size were found to be between 57.08 nm to169.5 nm and PDI 0.252 to 0.639 respectively. The results signpost that stirring speed during ionic gelation reaction was also decisive parameters for the size of the nanoparticles obtained. Further characterization involved to show polymer-drug interaction was FTIR and DSC. This paper grants a revision of the physical factors elaborate in attaining nanoparticles in order to regulate the particle size of polymeric nanoparticles made from chitosan, without any surplus chemical treatment.
Keywords: Breast cancer, Nanoparticles, Chitosan, Methotrexate
Quality by Design based formulation and evaluation of acyclovir microsponges
Authors: Dev Asish , Dwivedi Jayesh , Momin Munira 
Published: January 2019

Objective: The proposed study is focussed at developing acyclovir microsponges for oral drug delivery systems. QbD was applied for better understanding of the process and to generate design space, using quality target product profile, critical quality attributes, and risk assessment. The aim of the experiment is to prepare a safe, efficacious, stable and patient compliant microsponge dosage form of Acyclovir. Materials and methods: Pre-formulation studies were carried out which helped in developing a suitable dosage form. UV, FTIR, DSC, and SEM studies were done for pre-formulation and post-formulation evaluations. QbD was applied to generate design space, using QTPP, CQA, and risk assessment. Microsponges of acyclovir were developed by 23 factorial designs. Three variables Drug: Polymer ratio (X1), Concentration of surfactant (X2) and Stirring speed (RPM) (X3) at two levels low and high were selected and response surface plots were generated. The microsponges were prepared by Quassi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. Various characterizations that were carried out include entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, particle size determination, in-vitro drug release studies and kinetic modelling of drug release. Statistical analyses of batches and surface response studies were done to understand the effect of various independent variables on the dependent variables. Results and Discussions: The λmax was confirmed at 251 nm by UV spectroscopy. The melting point was determined experimentally to be 2460C which confirms the drug to be Acyclovir. FTIR and DSC studies confirmed that the drug is Acyclovir. Eight trials were taken as per the by 23 factorial designs. Conclusion: The study indicates that microsponges of Acyclovir by QbD approach were successfully developed.
Keywords: Microsponge, Acyclovir, DoE, QbD
Preparation and evaluation of poly herbal hair oil
Authors: Kuber B. Ramya , Lavanya Ch. , Haritha Ch.Naga , Preethi S. , Rosa G. 
Published: January 2019

In Ayurvedic medicine, herbs are used as an integral part of health care system. Besides healthcare, herbs are also used for beautification of the body and for preparation of various cosmetics and colours. The aim of present study involves preparation of poly herbal hair oil using fresh leaves of various plants. The prepared herbal oils were subjected to phytochemical screening, General characterization, Physical and Biological evaluation.The aim of present study involves preparation of poly herbal hair oil using fresh leaves of Sphaeranthus indicus, Wrightia tinctoria, Eclipta alba, Hibiscus Rosa sinensis. The oil was prepared according to Ayurvedic pharmacopeia. The evaluation of prepared poly herbal hair oil was carried out by various parameters such as organoleptic, phytochemical, specific gravity, pH, viscosity, acid value, saponification value, refractive index and stability studies. Antimicrobial activity of the poly herbal hair oil was studied by the zone of inhibition method. The Antioxidant activity of the oil was studied by DPPH radical scavenging test. The prepared formulations are assessed for primary skin irritation test on our forearm. Above parameters were found to be good and within the standards and among three concentrations of prepared poly herbal hair oil, third concentration showed better results than other two concentrations. All the values in the evaluation of finished product showed that they are within the acceptable limits. Hence, it is concluded that the oil is beneficial in maintaining good growth of hairs, turning grey hairs to black, providing protection from dandruff, and results in lustrous looking hairs.
Keywords: Hair, Herbal formulations, Hair oil, Stability studies.
Formulation and evaluation of deflazacort loaded mucoadhesive microsphere for colon drug delivery system
Authors: Purohit Akash , Bhowmick Mithun , Rathi Jagdish 
Published: January 2019

Irritable bowel disease is very common colon disease. Deflazacort is one of the best drug with clinical activity against Irritable bowel disease. Microsphere system are effectively protect drugs against premature degradation, to localize drug molecules at the target site of action and to control the time and rate of release. Mucoadhesive microspheres enhance the bioavailability of orally given drugs by lengthened contact time of drug with the intestinal mucosa. The main disadvantage of these microspheres is adherence to the substrate by non-specific interaction. To overcome this limitation, microspheres are prepared by emulsification method to treat irritable bowel disease. Chitosan microspheres were prepared by Ionotropic Gelation method. Microspheres were coated with Eudragil S using solvent evaporation method.
Keywords: Deflazacort, Mucoadhesive, Microspheres, Irritable bowel disease
Phytochemicals and GC–MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in ethanolic leaves extract of Taraxacum officinale (L).
Authors: Sasikala P , Ganesan S , Jayaseelan T , Azhagumadhavan S , Padma M , Senthilkumar S , Mani P 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To identify the phytochemical constituents present in ethanolic leaves extract of Taraxacum officinale (T. o) and to elucidate the bioactive compounds.
Methods: The fresh leaves of T. officinale (1000g) were shade dried at room temperature for 30 days and the dried leaves were made into a fine powder. The ethanolic leaves extract obtained was dried with help of desiccator and rotatory evaporator. The dried samples tested for phytochemical analysis and bioactive compounds profiling through GC-MS analysis.
Results: The phytochemical screening studies showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones. in the leaves extract of T. officinale. GC-MS analysis showed 10 essential bioactive compounds and it revealed the presence of significant anticancer, Antimicrobial and antidiabetic compounds.
Conclusions: The ethanol extract of T. o possess the most important phytochemical compounds and it has various medicinal properties to cure dangerous diseases and disorders.
Keywords: Taraxacum officinale, Phytochemicals analysis, GC–MS analysis, Biological compounds.
Pharmacognostical standardization, formulation and evaluation of tablets incorporated with stem bark of Butea monosperma for anti cancer activity
Authors: Rao Pragada Venkateswara , Nagaraju Bura , Venkanna Pajjuri , Bakshi Vasudha , Boggula Narender 
Published: January 2019

The plant Butea monosperma (Palas) popularly known as 'dhak' or 'palas' and commonly known as ‘Flame of forest’ belongs to family Fabaceae. This herb is indigenous to India. The plant is traditionally reported to possess astringent, bitter, alterative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, antibacterial and anti-asthmatic, anthelmintic, anti-conceptive, anti-convulsive, anti-diabetic, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-estrogenic, anti-fertility, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-stress, chemopreventive, hepatoprotective. The present research investigation was envisaged on pharmacognostical standardization, formulation and evaluation of tablets incorporated with methanolic extract of stem bark Butea monosperma for anti cancer activity. Conventional release tablets of methanolic extract of Butea monosperma stem bark (MEBMSB) were formulated using Microcrystalline Cellulose as a filler and PVP-k30 as a binder by direct compression method. Finally from this research investigation it can be concluded that methanolic extract of Butea monosperma stem bark has moderate anti-cancer activity when compare to standards and be suggested as a better substitute for the synthetic anti cancer drugs.
Keywords: Butea monosperma, anti cancer activity, MTT assay, EAC cells, DAC cells, HepG2 cell lines.
In vitro study on screening antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of Ramalina fastigiata
Authors: Soundararajan Sureshrajan , Shanmugam Poornima , Nagarajan Nagarjun , Palanisamy Divya , Ponnusamy Ponmurugan 
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present study is to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of lichen Ramalina fastigiata collected from Kolli hills, Eastern Gahts of Tamil Nadu, India. Phytochemical study revealed that acetone extract of Ramalina fastigiata confirmed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides and phenols. Acetone extract of Ramalina fastigiata was tested against human pathogens, which exposed antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida krusei with the inhibition rate of 2.1 mm and 1.3 mm respectively. The acetone extract of lichen Ramalina fastigiata exhibited significant antioxidant activity as well. Radical scavenging ability of Ramalina fastigiata was reported in terms of 61.53 % inhibition.
Keywords: Lichen, Ramalina fastigiata, acetone extract, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory potential
Novel RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of metformin, voglibose and pioglitazone in bulk and triple fixed drug combinations pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Shende Mulchand A. , Budde Balkrishna R 
Published: January 2019

Reducing treatment complexity can be achieved through the use of single-tablet triple fixed-dose combinations of oral hypoglycemic agents. A simple, precise and accurate reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Metformin (MET), Voglibose (VOG) and Pioglitazone (PIO) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Younglin (SK) gradient System with UV 730 D detector and Cosmosil C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μm) column, maintained at 45°C using 0.1% v/v acetonitrile: triethylamine (30:70, v/v), pH 2.5 with flow rate 0.8 ml/min with injection volume at 20 μl and wavelength ultraviolet detection at 232 nm. MET, PIO and VOG obey Beer–Lambert’s law over the concentration range of 200-600 µg/ml, 30-90 µg/ml and 0.08-0.24 µg/ml, respectively, with regression equations y=2.021x -186.7 (MET) (R2 = 0.998), y=9.876x-202.31 (PIO) (R2 = 0.999), and y= 502.3x-17.23 (VOG) (R2 = 0.999). % RSD and recoveries were 100.57-101.60 for MET, 99.79-102.61 for PIO and 100.02-101.05 for VOG indicate good accuracy of method. The marketed formulation analyzed using developed method and mean % amount were found 101.62, 100.38 and 98.75 for MET, PIO and VOG respectively with % RSD values NMT 2.0%. The developed spectrophotometric method can be employed for routine analysis of MET, VOG and PIO in bulk and tablet formulation. The developed RP-HPLC method was sensitive and selective for estimation of metformin, voglibose and pioglitazone in combined dosage form. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.
Keywords: RP-HPLC, ICH guidelines, Metformin, Voglibose, Pioglitazone, Validation
Novel Method development and Validation of Bortezomib in Bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage form by RP- HPLC
Authors: Laxmi Prasanna Pasupuleti , Sandhya Pedapanga , Geetha Pittala , Anuhya Vallapatla M 
Published: January 2019

A simple, rapid, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Bortezomib, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation is achieved on RP-HPLC using a PDA detector by incorporation of enpower 2 software with a flow rate of 1.0ml/min using a mixture of Methanol and water (15:85% v/v) as mobile phase. The column used was Hypersil C18 (4.6×150mm, 5µ) at a wave length of 284nm. The retention time of the Bortezomib was 3.515min.. The linearity of the drug was 25-125µg/m and the method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0% RSD. The proposed method was validated and applied for the estimation of Bortezomib in quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Keywords: Bortezomib, RP-HPLC, validation.
Morphoanatomical and physicochemical studies on Ailanthus excelsa roxb. stem bark: a tree of heaven
Authors: Kalaskar Mohan G. , Sapkal Priyanka R , Tatiya Anil U , Jain Prashant D , Surana Sanjay J 
Published: January 2019

Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (Simaroubaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant used widely in India and China in various health conditions. The morphology and microscopical evaluation are most preferred quality control parameter, in order to establish its quality and purity, we report some important pharmacognostic profile of A. excelsa stem-bark for the purpose of its identification and differentiation from related species. The study of the fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of the stem bark were carried out to determine the morphological, microscopical, some physicochemical and phytochemical parameters. Presence of lignified multicellular trichrome, stone cells, scleroids, lignified pericyclic fibre, phloem fibre, prismatic calcium oxalate, starch grains and uni to multiserrate non-lignified medullary rays observed as distinguishing microscopical characteristics in transverse section and powder studies. The result of preliminary phytochemical screening indicated presence of alkaloids, glycoside, steroids, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. In addition, quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed significant amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content. The present study will be useful for its identification prior to carrying out further research work.
Keywords: Ailanthus excelsa; stem-bark; pharmacognostic; quantitative phytochemical analysis.
Indian Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Potential
Authors: Chhipa Abu Sufiyan , Sisodia S.S. 
Published: January 2019

Medicinal plants should be evaluated extensively to determine the active principles present in them that are responsible for the hypoglycemic activity of these plants. Herbal drugs have gained popularity among the general population due to their ability to treat ailments with minimum side effects. The multi-target approaches of medicinal plants make them least susceptible to failure during the treatment therapy. Medicinal plants showing prominent anti-diabetic activity during the initial studies should be further explored to identify the active principles present in them that can become the promising drug candidates for the disease treatment in the coming future.
Keywords: Anti-diabetic, Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin, hypoglycemic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic
Occurrence of anemia among the people of Gurugram, Haryana: a cross sectional study
Authors: Sah Ashok Kumar , Jayaswal Rajesh Prasad 
Published: January 2019

Anemia is considered a condition, not a disease in which numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are insufficient to meet the body’s metabolical and physiological needs for oxygen. Anemia may also develop due to nutritional deficiencies such as iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and vitamin A; moderate and severe inflammation; parasitic infestation; and acquired or inherited disorders that affect hemoglobin synthesis, red blood cell development or red blood cell endurance. This proposed work depicts the distribution of different morphological types of anemia on people of Gurugram, Haryana. All the samples were analyzed for CBC and peripheral blood smear by using Sysmax (three parts) hematology analyzer and microscopy. In the present study, 300 patients in 6 months study period were included to diagnose anemia. Only 166 cases were positive. Out of 166 cases, 85 (51.2%) were female and 81 (48.8%) were male. The highest number of participants showed RBCs count in the range of 4.5-5.5 million/mm3, 24 (14.5%) with P value 0.000. Most of the cases that we revealed were having hypochromic red cells along with morphological variation in RBCs which may be due to iron deficiency. The further confirmatory analysis may be required in order to know the detail classification of anemia.
Keywords: Anemia, Hemoglobin, Iron Deficiency, Hypochromic, Red Blood Cells
Virtual screening of synthesized thiazole derivatives for M. tuberculosis and dTDP-rhamnose inhibitors
Authors: Dighe Rajendra Dnyandeo , Bairagi Vinod A , Pathade Parag A , Sonawane Yogesh T 
Published: January 2019

To determine antimycobacterium and dTDP rhamnose inhibitor activity of the synthesized azetidinone, thiazolidinone derivatives of thiazole, we studied different derivatives for the activity. One pot synthesis of 2-amino-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester has been carried out and synthesized different derivative compounds. Compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against different strains of microorganism and antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Compounds 7c, 7d, 7i, 8d, 8e, 8g and 8h, were showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhosa using Gentamycin as standard, while 7b, 7e, 7f, 7i, 8b, 8e, 8f and 8i showed very strong antimycobacterial activity using rifampicine as a standard. Thiazole derivatives especially with carbonyl group scaffold inhibit an enzyme RmlC, which is an essential component for the biosynthesis of dTDP-rhamnose and produce good antimycobacterium and antimicrobial activity.
Keywords: Thiazole, thiazolidinone derivatives, azetidinone derivative, well diffusion method, broth microdilution assay, antitubercular activity, antimicrobial activity.