bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active transport of GSSG from reconstituted erythrocyte ghosts
Authors: Prchal J , Srivastava SK , Beutler E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human erythrocyte ghosts were loaded with 35S-labeled GSSG and with a sucrose marker, and the transport of GSSG to the suspending medium was studied. GSSG transport from ghosts occurred only when ATP was also present in the ghosts, proceeded against a concentration gradient, and was inhibited by fluoride. The rate of transport was dependent upon the intracellular concentration of GSSG. The relationship between GSSG concentration and rate of transport was sigmoidal. Half-maximal transport was observed at a GSSG concentration of approximately 9.6mM. The maximal velocity was estimated to be in the range of 0.27 umole GSSG per ml of ghosts per hr. These data suggest that the rate of GSSG transport a physiologic concentrations of GSSG is not sufficiently rapid to account for the turnover of glutathione by red cells. It seems more likely that the GSSG transport system serves an emergency function of erythrocytes.
Group-specific human granulocyte antigens on a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line with a Philadelphia chromosome marker
Authors: Drew SI , Terasaki PI , Billing RJ , Bergh OJ , Minowada J , Klein E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Group-specific human granulocyte antigens are serologically detectable with granulocytotoxic-positive human alloantisera on a cell line, K562, of chronic myelogenous leukemia origin which bears a Philadelphia chromosomal marker. The same cell line lacks serologically detectable HLA, B2 microglobulin, and B-lymphocyte antigens. Granulocyte antigens are important cell markers for cell lines of suspected myeloid lineage.
A mechanism for the hydroperoxide-mediated inactivation of prostacyclin synthetase
Authors: Weiss SJ , Turk J , Needleman P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hydroxyl radical generation was demonstrated during heme-catalyzed decomposition of 15-hydroperoxy arachidonic acid. The hydroperoxide- mediated inactivation of prostacyclin synthetase seems to be related to the generation of this highly reactive species. A relationship between hydroperoxides and the hydroxyl radical may be important in the modulation of prostacyclin synthesis in diseased states.
Improved survival of increased-risk myeloma patients on combined triple- alkylating-agent therapy: a study of the CALGB
Authors: Harley JB , Pajak TF , McIntyre OR , Kochwa S , Cooper MR , Coleman M , Cuttner J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two hundred fifty-two previously untreated evaluable patients with multiple myeloma were entered into a study testing a regimen of three intravenous alkylating agents, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and carmustine (BCNU), given in combination (BCMP) against a regimen employing oral melphalan (MP). Both regimens included a tapering course of prednisone. Objective responses based on the Myeloma Task Force criteria were significantly more frequent in the group receiving BCMP. Survival for the entire group of BCMP-treated patients was not significantly better than that for MP-treated patients (p = 0.62). However, when the survival of the poor-risk (high tumor cell load) group of patients treated with BCMP was compared with the survival of the poor-risk (high tumor cell load) group of patients treated with MP, an improvement in survival attributable to BCMP therapy was seen (p = 0.049 and 0.02, respectively). In the good-risk (low and intermediate tumor cell load) group, BCMP treatment resulted in a trend toward poorer survival, but this did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.080 and 0.23, respectively). These results indicate that optimal therapy in myeloma may be dependent on the extent of disease at the time of first treatment. Additional studies to explore the effects of treatment intensity and duration are needed in order to design improved myeloma treatment based on the patient's extent of disease.
A New Inherited Abnormality of Hemoglobin and Its Interaction with Sickle Cell Hemoglobin
Authors: KAPLAN EUGENE , ZUELZER WOLF W. , NEEL JAMES V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Through clinical, genetic and physicochemical studies a new inherited abnormality of hemoglobin has been recognized in American Negroes. The new hemoglobin, provisionally called hemoglobin III, can be separated from both normal and sickle cell hemoglobin by electrophoretic analysis. The structural anomaly of the hemoglobin molecule is determined by a gene inherited as a simple Mendelian dominant.
A distinct hemolytic syndrome which is intermediate between the benign sickle cell trait and sickle cell anemia results from the combination of the new hemoglobin with sickle cell hemoglobin. A tentative characterization of the syndrome is presented. In contrast to classical sickle cell anemia this form of sickle cell disease is characterized by a mild hemolytic anemia with slowly progressive splenomegaly in the absence of cardiac or musculo-skeletal manifestations. In vitro, the erythrocytes sickle like those of sickle cell anemia. The bone marrow shows erythroid hyperplasia, fecal urobilinogen excretion is increased, and the survival time of the erythrocytes in normal recipients is shortened, but in the patients the red cell count and hemoglobin concentration are only slightly depressed. Reticulocytosis is slight and icterus is not observed. Whereas in sickle cell anemia both parents are expected to have the sickle trait, only one parent of these individuals shows sickling, while the nonsickling parent is a carrier of the hemoglobin III. The new syndrome does not appear to be identical with that resulting from the simultaneous presence of the sickling gene and the thalassemiagene.
The presence of hemoglobin III when combined with structurally normal hemoglobin is expressed as an asymptomatic carrier state. The erythrocytes do not sickle but have a high incidence of target cell deformity and increased resistance to hypotonic saline. Although there is no evidence of hemolysis in such individuals their erythrocytes are eliminated with abnormal rapidity from the circulation of normal recipients.
The homozygous state with respect to this new hemoglobin has not yet been identified but may well be some already recognized atypical form of chronic hemolytic anemia.
Studies are now in progress to determine the incidence of this new molecular abnormality of hemoglobin.
Chronic Hemolytic Anemia with Erythrocyte Fragility to Cold and Acid
Authors: LIU S. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two cases previously diagnosed as aplastic anemia were found to have abnormal susceptibility of the red blood cells to hemolysis after chilling and after addition of acid in the presence of their own as well as control serum. The serum of the patients had no such effect on control erythrocytes. This erythrocyte abnormality was accompanied by a severe anemia of the macrocytic type, slight reticulocytosis, depression of granulocytes and platelets, and erythropoietic hyperactivity of the bone marrow in the early stages and hypoactivity in the late stages. Increased blood destruction was evidenced not by jaundice, but by persistent hyperhemoglobinemia in the serum and increased iron excretion in the urine, without nocturnal intensification. Chilling in vivo produced hemoglobinuria in Case 1, but only slight evidence of increased blood destruction in Case 2. Administration of large doses of ammonium chloride failed to produce hemoglobinuria in either case, although evidence of an increase in blood destruction was detectable. Both patients had historical and serologic evidence of syphilis. Autopsy of Case 1 showed, in addition to syphilitic aortitis, marked hemosiderosis of the kidneys, liver, spleen and lymph nodes.
These were clearly not cases of paroxysmal hemoglobinuria é frigore (Donath-Landsteiner). They resembled cases of chronic hemolytic anemia with nocturnal paroxysmal hemoglobinuria (Marchiafava-Micheli), but the erythrocyte fragility to chilling, the absence of nocturnal increase in the hemolytic process and the presence of syphilis rendered the acceptance of such diagnosis difficult.
Growth factor-mediated proliferation in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Ford RJ , Kouttab NM , Sahasrabuddhe CG , Davis FM , Mehta SR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of human lymphoid tumors, primarily of B cell lineage, which appear to represent arrested stages in B lymphocyte differentiation. Control of cell proliferation is a fundamentally important but poorly understood area of study in these tumors. We have studied a representative group of B cell NHLs to assess their potential for growth factor-mediated proliferation in vitro. Our results show that purified monoclonal NHL B cells of the small cell (well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, etc) type, that were positive for the human malignancy-associated nucleolar antigen could be stimulated by human B cell growth factor (BCGF) to proliferate in vitro. Other B cell activators such as insoluble anti-Ig and the mitogen protein A also could stimulate thymidine incorporation in the lymphoma cell populations. In vitro lymphoma cell growth could be maintained in the presence of the growth factor for up to five weeks. The large B cell type NHL, however, appeared to be refractory to in vitro stimulation by BCGF as well as other stimulators of normal B cells. These studies suggest that human B cell lymphoid tumors are not only phenotypically similar to their normal B lymphocyte counterparts, but are also sensitive in some cases, to the same types of immunoregulatory molecules that control normal lymphoid cell growth.
The characterization of protein 4.1 Presles, a shortened variant of RBC membrane protein 4.1
Authors: Morle L , Garbarz M , Alloisio N , Girot R , Chaveroche I , Boivin P , Delaunay J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a previous report (Blood 60:265, 1982), we described a family with an abnormal RBC membrane protein doublet, which we considered a shortened protein 4.1 on the basis of biochemical and genetic data. Using an anti-4.1 monoclonal antibody, we confirm here that the shortened protein derives from protein 4.1. One of the members of the family contemporaneously displayed the 4.1 (-) trait, eg, the heterozygous state of this variety of hereditary elliptocytosis that lacks protein 4.1. The 4.1a/4.1b ratio was low whenever the 4.1 trait was present, regardless of the type of protein 4.1 involved. The RBCs of the compound heterozygote, containing only the shortened species of protein 4.1, made it possible to analyze without interference the contact between shortened protein 4.1 and sialoglycoprotein beta, or glycoconnectin. Shortened protein 4.1 did not alter the amount of glycoconnectin in the ghosts nor did it change its extractability into the Triton shells. Limited proteolysis of shortened polypeptides 4.1a and 4.1b showed that they are sequence related. It is conflicting that the persons carrying the shortened protein 4.1 are devoid of specific clinical and morphological abnormalities, apart from those pertaining to the 4.1- trait, when the latter is present.
Studies on the Radiosensitivity of Bone Marrow
Authors: VALENTINE WILLIAM N. , PEARCE MORTON LEE , LAWRENCE JOHN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Six animals (cats) were subjected to four whole body irradiation exposures over a period of one and one-half years. Irradiation dosage was 200 r to the whole body, an amount producing severe hematopoietic abnormalities in the cat. Irradiation in each case was immediately preceded by a large phlebotomy, so that functional impairment of erythropoiesis resulting from irradiation could be assessed in terms of a defective regeneration of erythrocytes. The effect of multiple radiation exposures could also be evaluated for each animal in terms of its prior response to phlebotomy and irradiation. The effects of repeated exposures on the leukocytes could likewise be assessed by means of the comparative leukocyte regeneration curves.
2. Little evidence of permanent functional damage of erythropoietic tissue by repeated exposures under the conditions of this experiment were observed. Erythrocyte and hemoglobin regeneration patterns were very similar from one exposure to another. However, hemoglobin regeneration was slightly slower after the fourth and last irradiation. Whether this represents encroachment on marrow reserve by multiple irradiations or whether it was an artifact resulting from iron deficiency cannot be said with certainty. Multiple exposures exerted little apparent effect on the leukocyte regeneration curves.
3. After recovery from the fourth irradiation, the percentage of mononuclear leukocytes was somewhat less than that prior to the first.
4. It is concluded that while repeated irradiation insults under the conditions of our experiment probably result in hidden damage even in the presence of apparent complete recovery, this damage is so subtle that it is difficult to detect by the tests of marrow reserve employed in this study.
A Second Example of Anti-Cellano (Anti-K)
Authors: LEVINE PHILIP , KUHMICHEL A. B. , WIGOD MILTON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A second example of anti-Cellano along with anti-D is described in a patient immunized by a series of transfusions. For the final analysis of antibodies acting on almost all bloods, it is essential to have on hand a carefully selected list of bloods with known antigenic constitution.
The Relative Biologic Effectiveness of 200 KV and 23.5 MEV (Beatatron) X-Radiation
Authors: TING T. P. , JOHNS H. E. , JAQUES L. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The leukocyte value in the peripheral blood of three different strains of mice was followed after a single dose of whole body x-radiation. The maximum leukocyte depression was used as a basis for comparing the biologic effectiveness of the betatron radiation and the 200 KV x-radiation.
2. The ratio of effectiveness in producing 70 per cent leukocyte reduction, for betatron radiation to 200 KV x-radiation, for the three strains was 0.65.
3. The onset of recovery from leukopenia for equal doses of radiation occurred earlier in animals treated with betatron radiation than in those treated with a similar dose of 200 KV x-radiation.
4. The degree of leukopenia and delay in recovery was found to increase somewhat with age of animals treated with 200 KV x-radiation and to a less extent in animals treated with betatron radiation.
5. At a dose of 600 r, over 90 per cent of the animals treated with 200 KV died within a few days, while none of the animals exposed to the same dose of betatron radiation died in the same period. The leukocyte count immediately before death was about 2 per cent of control values.
6. For a dose of 600 r, the lymphocytes were equally reduced by 200 KV and betatron radiation, while the granulocytes were much less reduced by betatron than by 200 KV radiation.
The Mechanism of Quinidine Purpura
Authors: LARSON ROGER K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of thrombocytopenic purpura was studied and evidence of a specific hypersensitivity mechanism was found. The following experimental observations and their conclusions were discussed.
1. A rapid fall in circulating platelets occurred in the patient after a test dose of the drug. This fall was too rapid to be accounted for by inhibition of the bone marrow megakaryocytes alone.
2. Inhibition of clot retraction could be produced in the patient's blood by the addition of minute quantities of quinidine in vitro. This was assumed to demonstrate a specific peripheral action of quinidine on this patient's platelets.
3. No inhibition of clot retraction could be produced by the addition of quinine (an optical isomer of quinidine) to the blood of this patient in vitro. This was further evidence of the marked specificity of the reaction.
4. Complete inhibition of clot retraction could be produced in the blood of a normal individual by the addition of serum from the patient together with quinidine. No inhibition occurred if one or the other was added alone. This was assumed to demonstrate that quinidine did not effect the platelets directly but did so through a combined action with some other element in platelet-free serum. It was felt that this was strong support for an antigen-antibody type of reaction.
5. No significant fall in platelet concentration by the addition of quinidine in vitro could be demonstrated. This was interpreted as evidence against a complete lysis of the platelets as the method of destruction. The disparity between the platelet counts at the end of 2 hours in vivo and in vitro suggested that the platelets were injured in such a manner as to effect their rate of removal by the reticulo-endothelial system and their ability to produce clot retraction.
Red Cell Stroma in Dogs
Authors: TISHKOFF G. H. , ROBSCHEIT-ROBBINS F. S. , WHIPPLE G. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Red cell stroma has not been prepared free of iron and/or hemoglobin. It is not certain whether the iron is a contaminant or an essential constituent of the stroma. Extensive washing does not eliminate iron from the stroma but does cause loss of the stroma constituents, protein and lipid.
Red cell stroma protein is increased in anemia due to blood loss in the dog, on the average in severe anemia, almost twice the figures recorded in the pooled normal samples of red cell stroma.
Lipid fractions under the same conditions show minor fluctuations: approximately 90 per cent of total lipids in the red cells are recovered in the stroma by these methods.
The technic for isolation and fractionation of dog erythrocyte stroma is described. Analyses made from the same blood sample by 3 different workers give comparable results.
Red cell stroma deserves careful study in controlled experimental conditions.
Study of prognosis in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: a proposal for a simple binary classification with clinical and investigational utility
Authors: Gobbi PG , Bettini R , Montecucco C , Cavanna L , Morandi S , Pieresca C , Merlini G , Bertoloni D , Grignani G , Pozzetti U 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Prognostic evaluation of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) is unreliable, few studies considered prognostic factors in WM and only one was derived from a multivariate analysis. One hundred forty-four retrospective, previously untreated patients with clinically overt WM were studied to learn whether overall survival was related to any of the various clinical features presented at diagnosis. Patients were homogeneously treated with intermittent doses of chlorambucil for as long as this showed an effect on the monoclonal component. The population was randomly subdivided into a 90-patient exploratory sample, on whom investigation would be conducted, and in a 54-patient test sample, on whom the results would be validated. In the exploratory sample univariate analysis identified the following parameters as the most important for prognosis: age (< or > or = 70 years), platelet count (< or > or = 120 x 10(9)/L), presence or absence of an abnormal number of red blood cells in the urine, hemoglobin concentration (< or > or = 9 g/dL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (< or > or = 110 mm at first hour), presence or absence of cryoglobulinemia and of weight loss. Cox multivariate analysis showed that only hemoglobin, age, weight loss, and cryoglobulinemia independently affected survival. These four clinical variables were also shown to be able to discriminate survival significantly in the test sample. Moreover, it was possible to demonstrate (both in the exploratory and the test sample) that clear-cut, albeit dichotomic, survival discrimination can be reached with the presence at diagnosis of either no more than one, or any two or more, of these four prognosticators. These simple clinical criteria could be the basis of an initial binary, prognostic classification of WM, which could help in differentiating therapy according to the severity of the disease, and in properly designing future clinical trials.
Two acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Burkitt's lymphomas produce specific anti-i IgM cold agglutinins using somatically mutated VH4-21 segments
Authors: Riboldi P , Gaidano G , Schettino EW , Steger TG , Knowles DM , Dalla-Favera R , Casali P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We analyzed the reactivity and the structure of the VH and VL segments of two IgM monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) produced by spontaneously in vitro outgrowing cell lines, HBL-2 and HBL-3, established from two acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). These B-cell clones were representative of the respective neoplastic parental clones, as determined by immunophenotypic and molecular genetic analysis. The IgM MoAbs were highly specific for the i determinant on red blood cells (cold agglutinins), but bound none of the other eight self and nine foreign antigens (Ags) tested, including those most commonly recognized by natural antibodies or autoantibodies. Structural analysis showed that the IgM MoAb VH segment sequences were 93.5% and 84.2% identical with that of the germline VH4–21 gene, which encodes the vast majority of cold agglutinins that are specific for the i/l carbohydrate Ag and are produced under chronic lymphoproliferative conditions. The HBL-2 MoAb VH4–21 gene segment was juxtaposed with 20P3 and JH6 genes and paired with a V lambda 1 segment, the sequence of which was 95.5% identical to that of the germline Humlv117 gene; the HBL-3 MoAb VH4–21 gene segment was juxtaposed with DXP'1 and JH5 genes and paired with a V lambda 1 segment, the sequence of which was 86.7% identical to that of the germline Humlv1L1 gene. The high degree of conservation of the VH4–21 gene in the human population, the nature of the nucleotide differences in the expressed VH4–21 segments, and the presence of nucleotide substitutions in the HBL-2 and HBL-3 IgM MoAb JH and/or J lambda segments suggested that the MoAb V segments underwent a process of somatic hypermutation. This was formally shown in the HBL-3 MoAb VH segment, by differentially targeted polymerase chain reaction amplification of the HBL-3 MoAb-producing cell genomic DNA. In addition, cloning and sequencing of the genomic DNA from fibroblasts of the same patient whose neoplastic B cells gave rise to the HBL-3 cell line yielded a germline copy of the VH4–21 gene. Thus, the expression of VH4–21 gene products may be involved in a self Ag-driven process of clonal B-cell expansion and selection associated with BL in these AIDS patients.