bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EKSISTENSI BURUH MIGRAN PEREMPUAN DAN GAMBARAN KEMISKINAN KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Aeni Nurul 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHIndonesian migrant workers are dominated by women. It is an evidence of women participation in local development due to the remittance. This research aimed to describe the distribution of woman migrant workers in Pati District and to compare the poverty level between the subdistricts whose high concentration of woman migrant workers and their counterparts. It used qualitative research design with secondary data that were obtained from Employement and Transmigration Service as well ase Local Development Agency of Pati District. The result of reserach were: (1) The growth of woman migrant workers in Pati District during 2015-2016 was 24%. They mostly works in domestic sector with the main destination country is Taiwan. The highest consentration of woman migrant workers was Sukolilo Subdistrict and the lowest’s was Batangan Subdistrict. (2) Poverty is probably one of the international migration’s triggers. The subdistricts with high concentration of woman migrant workes tend to have higher percentage of poor families compare to their counterparts. INDONESIABuruh Migran Indonesia (BMI) dari Kabupaten Pati didominasi oleh perempuan. Hal tersebut menjadi bukti peran serta perempuan dalam pembangunan daerah berkaitan dengan pengiriman remitan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menggambarkan persebaran buruh migran perempuan di Kabupaten Pati dan membandingkan kondisi kemiskinan di kecamatan dengan jumlah buruh migran perempuan terbanyak dan tersedikit. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan data sekunder yang didapatkan dari Disnakertrans, Bappeda Kabupaten Pati serta referensi lain yang relevan. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1)Pertumbuhan buruh migran perempuan di Kabupate Pati periode 2015-2016 adalah sekitar 24%. Sebagian besar buruh migran tersebut bekerja di sektor domestik dengan destinasi utama Taiwan. Konsentrasi buruh migran tertinggi berada di Kecamatan Sukolilo dan terendah di Kecamatan Batangan. (2) kemiskinan diindikasikan menjadi salah satu faktor yang melandasi keputusan menjadi buruh migran. Bukti akan hal tersebut adalah kecamatan dengan jumlah buruh migran perempuan banyak memiliki persentase keluarga miskin yang lebih tinggi.
APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE- REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Khan Fasiha F. , Ahmad Kaleem , Ahmed Aleem , Haider Shujjah 
Published: March 2019

Agricultural biotechnology plays a key role in research tools that scientists use to understand and manipulate the genetic makeup of organisms for use in agriculture: crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries. Biotechnology has vast application than genetic engineering; it also includes genomics and bioinformatics, markers-assisted selection, micropropagation, tissue culture, cloning, artificial insemination, embryo transfer and other technologies. However, genetic engineering, mainly in crop sector, is the area in which biotechnology is most directly affecting agriculture in developing countries and in which the most vital public concerns and policy issues have arisen. Therefore, this review report tries to touches all the aspect of biotechnology in the field of agriculture.
Out of Amazonia and Back Again: Historical Biogeography of the Species-Rich Neotropical Genus Philodendron (Araceae)
Authors: Canal Dubán , Köster Nils , Celis Marcela , Croat Thomas B. , Borsch Thomas , Jones Katy E. 
Published: March 2019

The origin of Neotropical species diversity is strongly associated with the geological history of South America. Since the Miocene, a number of species radiations across different Neotropical lineages coincided with the rise of the Andes and the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. The species-rich genus Philodendron Schott (Araceae) is widely distributed across Neotropical rainforests, originating in the Late Oligocene and diversifying more intensely from the Miocene onward. It is likely that its diversification process and distribution patterns are associated with recent geological changes in the Americas. To test this hypothesis, we sampled the species diversity of Philodendron across its entire geographic range and used a combination of three non-coding plastid regions (petD, rpl16, and trnK/matK) to obtain a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny. We then inferred geographic range evolution and explored the impact of the Andean orogeny on speciation, extinction, and dispersal. The genus Philodendron originated ~29 million years ago (mya) and experienced the earliest diversification events ~25 mya in the Pan-Amazonian rainforests. From the Middle Miocene onward, multiple geographic range expansion events occurred from Amazonia to southeast Brazil and to the area which would become the Chocó and the northern Andes. From the Pliocene onward, Philodendron reached Central America and the Caribbean islands, and Andean lineages recolonized and diversified in Amazonia. In Philodendron, higher diversification rates are found in the adjacent lowland rainforests of the northern Andes compared with other regions in the Neotropics, demonstrating a potential indirect impact of the Andean uplift on species radiations in lowland regions.
Effects of Excessive Body Fat Accumulation on Long-Term Outcomes during Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Kim Jwa-Kyung , Park Hyeong-Cheon , Song Young Rim , Kim Hyung Jik , Moon Sung Jin , Kim Sung Gyun 
Published: March 2019

Background Significant body fat accumulation is an inevitable but potentially serious problem in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Whether excessive fat gain predicts long-term outcomes in these patients remains unknown. Methods In this prospective cohort study ( n = 297), the associations of excessive fat accumulation with patient survival and PD failure rate were examined. Based on dialysis duration at the time of study enrollment, patients were divided into short-(< 2 years) and long-term (> 2 years) groups. Body weight (BW) and body composition were measured twice, 12.8 ± 4.6 months apart. Excessive fat accumulation was defined as a 1-year change in the percentage of body fat (ΔPBF) over the highest quartile (5.0% for men, 5.4% for women). Results Substantial 1-year increases in BW and PBF were observed only in the short-term group ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively); changes were insignificant in the long-term group. In the short-term group, the ΔPBF was associated closely with unfavorable baseline metabolic profiles, including old age, diabetes, obesity, elevated blood pressure, and edema. Accordingly, the mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with, than in those without, excessive fat accumulation (hazard ratio [HR] 3.26, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 – 10.26). It also increased the incident risk of PD failure 2.22-fold (95% CI, 1.08 – 4.54), even after adjustment for diabetes, obesity, and fluid status. In the long-term group, fat gain had no impact on long-term prognosis. Conclusions Excessive fat accumulation during the early period of PD was associated with baseline unhealthy metabolic profiles, a higher mortality rate, and a higher PD failure rate, independent of baseline obesity and fluid status.
Are ISPD Guidelines on Peritonitis Diagnosis Too Narrow? A 15-Year Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study on PD-Associated Peritonitis Accounting for Untrained Patients
Authors: Balzer Michael S. , Claus Robert , Haller Hermann , Hiss Marcus 
Published: March 2019

Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis remains by far the most important complication requiring patients to transfer to hemodialysis and has a major impact on patient morbidity and mortality. Current International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) guidelines on peritonitis recommend analysis of peritonitis episodes only in trained patients. In a large tertiary care center, we analyzed peritonitis episodes accounting for different groups of untrained patients and compared these with episodes in the trained patient population. Methods We analyzed data collected prospectively over a 15-year time span regarding differences between peritonitis episodes in trained patients and episodes in untrained patients post-catheter insertion but prior to training completion as well as on in-center intermittent PD with respect to incidence rates, pathogenic organisms, outcome, and peritonitis predictors. Results In 275 patients, a total of 160 peritonitis episodes in trained patients were counted. A total of 27 additional episodes in untrained patients were recorded. When accounting for these episodes, the peritonitis incidence significantly increased and the percentage of peritonitis-free patients decreased. Peritonitis episodes in untrained patients were most often culture-negative and the pathogen spectrum differed significantly compared with episodes counted as per ISPD recommendations, while outcome of peritonitis episodes did not differ. Predictors of peritonitis after multivariate logistic regression analysis included glomerulonephritis as primary kidney disease, being on home PD rather than being on in-center intermittent PD, and higher dialysis vintage. Conclusions Depending on local practice patterns, we argue that centers should additionally monitor peritonitis episodes in untrained patients because computation of statistics as per ISPD recommendations could underestimate peritonitis incidence and may depict a distorted pathogen spectrum.
The Misaligned Orbit of the Earth-sized Planet Kepler-408b
Authors: Kamiaka 上赤 Shoya 翔也 , Benomar Othman , Suto 須 Yasushi 藤靖 , Dai 戴 Fei 飛 , Masuda 増田 Kento 賢人 , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Kepler-408 is one of the 33 planet-hosting Kepler stars for which asteroseismology has been used to investigate the orientation of the stellar rotation axis relative to the planetary orbital plane. The transiting hot Earth, Kepler-408b, has an orbital period of 2.5 days and a radius of 0.86 R
⊕, making it much smaller than the planets for which spin–orbit alignment has been studied using the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect. Because conflicting asteroseismic results have been reported in the literature, we undertake a thorough re-appraisal of this system and perform numerous checks for consistency and robustness. We find that the conflicting results are due to the different models for the low-frequency noise in the power spectrum. A careful treatment of the background noise resolves these conflicts, and shows that the stellar inclination is

degrees. Kepler-408b is, by far, the smallest planet known to have a significantly misaligned orbit.
Dark Hole Maintenance and A Posteriori Intensity Estimation in the Presence of Speckle Drift in a High-contrast Space Coronagraph
Authors: Pogorelyuk Leonid , Kasdin N. Jeremy 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Direct exoplanet imaging via coronagraphy requires maintenance of high contrast in a dark hole for lengthy integration periods. Wavefront errors that change slowly over that time accumulate and cause systematic errors in the star’s point-spread function (PSF) that limit the achievable signal-to-noise ratio of the planet. In this paper we show that estimating the speckle drift can be achieved via intensity measurements in the dark hole together with dithering of the deformable mirrors to increase phase diversity. A scheme based on an Extended Kalman Filter and Electric Field Conjugation is proposed for maintaining the dark hole during the integration phase. For the post-processing phase, an a posteriori approach is proposed to estimate the realization of the PSF drift process and the intensity of the planet light incoherent with the speckles.
Flows around Averaged Solar Active Regions
Authors: Braun D. C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We explore the general properties of near-surface flows around solar active regions. Helioseismic holography is applied to HMI Dopplergrams yielding nearly 5000 flow measurements of 336 unique active regions observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory between 2010 and 2014. Ensemble averages of the flows, over subsets of regions sorted on the basis of magnetic flux, are performed. These averages show that converging flows, with speeds of about 10 m s−1 and extending up to 10° from the active-region centers, are prevalent and have similar properties for all regions with magnetic flux above 1021 Mx. Retrograde flows are also detected, with amplitudes around 10 m s−1, which predominantly, but not exclusively, flank the polar side of the active regions. We estimate the expected contribution of these active-region flows to longitudinal averages of zonal and meridional flows and demonstrate the plausibility that they are responsible for at least some component of the time-varying global-scale flows. The reliability of our flow determination is tested using publicly available MHD simulations of both quiet-Sun convection and of a sunspot. While validating the overall methodology in general, the sunspot simulation demonstrates the presence of artifacts that may compromise quantitative flow inferences from some helioseismic measurements.
Multiwavelength Study of Equatorial Coronal-hole Jets
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Karpen Judith T. , Antiochos Spiro K. , Wyper Peter F. , DeVore C. Richard , DeForest Craig E. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Jets (transient/collimated plasma ejections) occur frequently throughout the solar corona and contribute mass/energy to the corona and solar wind. By combining numerical simulations and high-resolution observations, we have made substantial progress recently on determining the energy buildup and release processes in these jets. Here we describe a study of 27 equatorial coronal-hole jets using Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager observations on 2013 June 27–28 and 2014 January 8–10. Out of 27 jets, 18 (67%) are associated with mini-filament ejections; the other nine (33%) do not show mini-filament eruptions but do exhibit mini-flare arcades and other eruptive signatures. This indicates that every jet in our sample involved a filament-channel eruption. From the complete set of events, six jets (22%) are apparently associated with tiny flux-cancellation events at the polarity inversion line, and two jets (7%) are associated with sympathetic eruptions of filaments from neighboring bright points. Potential-field extrapolations of the source-region photospheric magnetic fields reveal that all jets originated in the fan-spine topology of an embedded bipole associated with an extreme ultraviolet coronal bright point. Hence, all our jets are in agreement with the breakout model of solar eruptions. We present selected examples and discuss the implications for the jet energy buildup and initiation mechanisms.
Angular Sizes, Radii, and Effective Temperatures of B-type Stars from Optical Interferometry with the CHARA Array
Authors: Gordon Kathryn D. , Gies Douglas R. , Schaefer Gail H. , Huber Daniel , Ireland Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present interferometric observations of 25 spectral type-B stars that were made with the Precision Astronomical Visible Observations and the CLassic Interferometry with Multiple Baselines beam combiners at the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array (CHARA). The observations provide the angular sizes of these stars with an average error of 6%. The stars range in size from 1.09 mas for β Tau down to 0.20 mas for 32 Ori. We collected ultraviolet to infrared spectrophotometry and derived temperatures, angular diameters, and reddening estimates that best fit the spectra, as well as solutions with the angular size fixed by the interferometric measurements. There is generally good agreement between the observed and spectral fit angular diameters, indicating that the fluxes predicted from model atmospheres are reliable. On the other hand, the temperatures derived from angular diameters and fluxes tend to be larger (by ≈4%) than those from published results based on analysis of the line spectrum. This discrepancy may in part be attributed to unexplored atmospheric parameters or the existence of unknown companions. The physical radii of the stars are calculated from the angular diameters and Gaia DR2 parallaxes, and the target stars are placed in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for comparison with evolutionary tracks.
Morphology of Hydrodynamic Winds: A Study of Planetary Winds in Stellar Environments
Authors: McCann John , Murray-Clay Ruth A. , Kratter Kaitlin , Krumholz Mark R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Bathed in intense ionizing radiation, close-in gaseous planets undergo hydrodynamic atmospheric escape, which ejects the upper extent of their atmospheres into the interplanetary medium. Ultraviolet detections of escaping gas around transiting planets corroborate such a framework. Exposed to the stellar environment, the outflow is shaped by its interaction with the stellar wind and by the planet’s orbit. We model these effects using Athena to perform 3D radiative-hydrodynamic simulations of tidally locked hydrogen atmospheres receiving large amounts of ionizing extreme-ultraviolet flux in various stellar environments for the low-magnetic-field case. Through a step-by-step exploration of orbital and stellar wind effects on the planetary outflow, we find three structurally distinct stellar wind regimes: weak, intermediate, and strong. We perform synthetic Lyα observations and find unique observational signatures for each regime. A weak stellar wind—which cannot confine the planetary outflow, leading to a torus of material around the star—has a pretransit, redshifted dayside arm and a slightly redward-skewed spectrum during transit. The intermediate regime truncates the dayside outflow at large distances from the planet and causes periodic disruptions of the outflow, producing observational signatures that mimic a double transit. The first of these dips is blueshifted and precedes the optical transit. Finally, strong stellar winds completely confine the outflow into a cometary tail and accelerate the outflow outward, producing large blueshifted signals posttransit. Across all three regimes, large signals occur far outside of transit, offering motivation to continue ultraviolet observations outside of direct transit.
A New View on Auger Data and Cosmogenic Neutrinos in Light of Different Nuclear Disintegration and Air-shower Models
Authors: Heinze Jonas , Fedynitch Anatoli , Boncioli Denise , Winter Walter 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We study the implications of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) data from the Pierre Auger Observatory for potential accelerator candidates and cosmogenic neutrino fluxes for different combinations of nuclear disintegration and air-shower models. We exploit the most recent spectral and mass composition data (2017) with a new, computationally efficient simulation code, PriNCe. We extend a systematic framework, which has been previously applied in a combined fit by the Pierre Auger Collaboration, with the cosmological source evolution as an additional free parameter. In this framework, an ensemble of generalized UHECR accelerators is characterized by a universal spectral index (equal for all injection species), a maximal rigidity, and the normalizations for five nuclear element groups. We find that the 2017 data favor a small but constrained contribution of heavy elements (iron) at the source. We demonstrate that the results moderately depend on the nuclear disintegration (Puget–Stecker–Bredekamp, Peanut, or Talys) model and more strongly on the air-shower (EPOS-LHC, Sibyll 2.3, or QGSjetII-04) model. Variations of these models result in different source evolution and spectral indices, limiting the interpretation in terms of a particular class of cosmic accelerators. Better-constrained parameters include the maximal rigidity and the mass composition at the source. Hence, the cosmogenic neutrino flux can be robustly predicted. Depending on the source evolution at high redshifts, the flux is likely out of reach of future neutrino observatories in most cases, and a minimal cosmogenic neutrino flux cannot be claimed from data without assuming a cosmological distribution of the sources.
Kras Frmilske doline v Krajinskem parku Boč-Donačka gora // Karst of Frmile Valley in the Landscape Park Boč-Donačka Gora
Authors: Bahar Igor 
Published: March 2019

V Krajinskem parku Boč-Donačka gora, na vzhodnem robu slovenskega krasa, imamo šolski primer pokrajine v kateri se je zakrasevanje površja »pravkar« pričelo. Ohranjene so oblike iz katerih lahko spoznamo postopni prehod iz rečnega v kraški relief. Frmilska dolina je bila prvotno porečje v nekarbonatnih kamninah, ki pa je zaradi erozije »nasedlo« na karbonatno podlago in se prestavilo v podzemlje. Iz nekdaj enotnega porečja je nastalo 14 aktivnih slepih dolin in 14 zakraselih rečnih dolin brez površinskega vodnega toka. Razčlenjen površinski odtok se nadaljuje v sklenjen podzemni odtok vse do kraških izvirov pri Studeniškem samostanu v dolini Dravinje. Na območju Frmilske doline lahko opazujemo še več rečnih in kraških pojavov: jame, izvire, presihajočo mlako, udorno steno, sufozijske vrtače in požiralnike v nekarbonatnih kamninah, rečne terase in suhe ali fosilne meandre v zakraseli dolini, obvisele doline in spodmole. In the Landscape Park Boč-Donačka Gora (eastern Slovenia), on the eastern edge of the Slovenian karst, we have a textbook example of a territory in which the karstic process has "just" started. There are preserved features, which allow us to understand the transformation from a fluvial landscape to a karstic one. Frmile Valley was originally a river valley in non-carbonate rocks, but due to erosion it became stranded on carbonate rocks. Its waters were mostly transferred to the underground drainage. Fragmentation of the former river valley formed 14 active blind valleys and 14 inactive river valleys that already lost all surface water to the underground drainage. The disconnected surface runoff recharges the same karst aquifer which springs are located at the Studenice Monastery in the Dravinja Valley. In the area of Frmile Valley several fluvial and karstic features can be observed, i.e. caves, springs, a periodic pond, a hill slope collapsed into an underground cave, numerous suffosion dolines and ponors in the non-carbonate rocks, river terraces, dry or fossil meanders in karst valley, hanging valleys, a rock shelter.
Primerjava kulturne pokrajine Hraških listnekov in tamkajšnjega kmetovanja v prvi polovici 19. stoletja in danes // Comparing the cultural landscape of Hraški listneki and farming there in the first half of the nineteenth century and today
Authors: Geršič Matjaž , Gabrovec Matej , Zwitter Žiga 
Published: March 2019

Analiziramo območje Hraških listnekov v dnu Ljubljanske kotline, kjer je kulturna pokrajina ohranila v primerjavi z okolico številne elemente, ki so omogočali uspešno kmetovanje v preteklosti (mejice, razgiban relief), danes pa njihovo ohranjanje predstavlja poseben izziv. Z njim se velja soočiti zaradi posebnega ekosistemskega pomena. Primerjava kategorij rabe tal in načinov kmetovanja v zgodnjem 19. in zgodnjem 21. stoletju dokazuje z ekosistemskega vidika pomembne kontinuitete in diskontinuitete. Za ustrezno ohranitev tamkajšnje kulturne pokrajine, bo potrebeno mnogo bolj poglobljeno sodelovanje med kmeti in okoljevarstveniki od dosedanjega. This article analyses the Hraše Leaf Litter Forests (Hraški listneki) at the bottom of the Ljubljana Basin, where, unlike the surrounding area, the cultural landscape has preserved many elements that facilitated farming in the past (hedges between fields and rough terrain), but today their conservation represents a special challenge. This challenge is worth addressing because the area’s ecosystem has special significance. A comparison of land-use categories and forms of farming in the early nineteenth and twenty-first centuries shows important continuities and discontinuities from an ecosystem perspective. Appropriate conservation of this cultural landscape calls for significantly stronger cooperation between farmers and nature conservationists than has taken place to date.