bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Backsliding’ in English Dialects
Authors: Bollard John K. 
Published: February 2018

Drawing on evidence found in the Survey of English Dialects (SED), in Joseph Wright’s English Dialect Grammar (1905) and elsewhere, J. Lawrence Mitchell (1979) suggests that the development of Middle English [x] into [θ], [f], [s] and ø in such terms as trough, plough and sigh is the result of a systematic phonological process which he terms ‘sliding.’ This sliding, he maintains, takes place along a consonantal strength scale which determines the order of change as [x] → [θ] → [f] → [s]. The purpose of the present paper is to bring forward some evidence for. [f] → [θ], which runs counter to his theory.In the Merriam-Webster file of transcriptions, which now numbers over 272,000 slips, attention was first drawn to the substitution of [θ] for [f] in 1955 by a citation for aphis consistently pronounced [eθis] by a resident of western Massachusetts. We also have the testimony of a college-educated native English speaker from eastern New England (Waltham, Mass.) that he grew up saying Philadel[θ]ia and epita[θ]. He reports, in addition, that this pronunciation of the Pennsylvania city was used by a college friend from northeastern New England, a usage which was the butt of remarks by other classmates.
Trois principes de description sémantique d’une unité lexicale dans un dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire
Authors: Mel’čuk Igor , Iordanskaja Lidija , Arbatchewsky-Jumarie Nadia , Lessard Adèle 
Published: February 2018

Le but du présent article est de présenter, sous une forme explicite, et d’illustrer trois des principes de base qui régissent la description sémantique des unités lexicales dans un dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire (DEC). Il s’agit des principes suivants: principe d’adéquation, principe de pont sémantique, et principe d’uniformité. Le premier principe concerne un lexeme isolé; le deuxième, tous les lexemes appartenant à un vocable; et le troisième, les vocables différents qui sont sémantiquement apparentés.Il convient de souligner que les principes énoncés sont depuis longtemps bien connus en lexicographie. Ce que nous revendiquons comme originalité, c’est le caractère formel et précis de leur formulation et, beaucoup plus important encore, le caractère strict et systématique de leur application.
La Spirantisation Du [ž]
Authors: Charbonneau l'abbé René 
Published: February 2018

1. Une prononciation tout à fait singulière et maintes fois entendue dans le milieu étudiant au collège classique de l'Assomption, ville située à quelque 25 milles au nord de Montréal, nous fournit l'occasion d'analyser expérimentalement sa structure et d'établir ses principales caractéristiques.Tous les gens de cette agglomération dont le parler est le français emploient, à quelques exceptions près, la fricative palato-alvéolaire /ž/ de façon distincte et constante. Cependant, l'observateur quelque peu exercé entendra chez certains individus toute une gamme de variantes du phonème mentionné. Dans des mots comme agi, japper, à jeun, la fricative sonore peut se realiser comme [H], soit [aHi], [Hape], [aHœ], ces réalisations variant également, pour un même individu, selon le contexte phonétique ou suivant des variations individuelles : [aHi], [ahi], [axi].
The French Element in Newfoundland Place Names
Authors: Seary E. R. 
Published: February 2018

Newfoundland place names derive from several linguistic bases — Portuguese, French, English, Basque, Breton, Micmac Indian, Gaelic and perhaps Scandinavian — with English and French names far out-numbering the rest. My study of the French element is still far from complete but, if it were, the limits of this paper would, of course, not admit of my treating it exhaustively. What I propose to do, then, is simply to give a short sketch of the history of the recording of the names and of their variety in the land of their adoption.If for our present purpose we omit any reference to names which may have been given previously by the indigenous Indians or by early Scandinavian explorers, about which there is some conjecture but little evidence, the first names imposed in Newfoundland were Portuguese, which occur in maps produced within a few years of the discovery of the island in 1497.
VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION IN HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS: RESULTS FROM THREE HOUSEHOLD-BASED METHODS AGAINST THE BENCHMARK OF DNA FINGERPRINTING IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: KOSMOWSKI FRÉDÉRIC , ARAGAW ABIYOT , KILIAN ANDRZEJ , AMBEL ALEMAYEHU , ILUKOR JOHN , YIGEZU BIRATU , STEVENSON JAMES 
Published: February 2018

SUMMARYAccurate crop varietal identification is the backbone of any high-quality assessment of outcomes and impacts. Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) varieties have important nutritional differences, and there is a strong interest to identify nutritionally superior varieties for dissemination. In agricultural household surveys, such information is often collected based on the farmer's self-report. In this article, we present the results of a data capture experiment on sweet potato varietal identification in southern Ethiopia. Three household-based methods of identifying varietal adoption are tested against the benchmark of DNA fingerprinting: (A) Elicitation from farmers with basic questions for the most widely planted variety; (B) Farmer elicitation on five sweet potato phenotypic attributes by showing a visual-aid protocol; and (C) Enumerator recording observations on five sweet potato phenotypic attributes using a visual-aid protocol and visiting the field. In total, 20% of farmers identified a variety as improved when in fact it was local and 19% identified a variety as local when it was in fact improved. The variety names given by farmers delivered inconsistent and inaccurate varietal identities. Visual-aid protocols employed in methods B and C were better than those in method A, but greatly underestimated the adoption estimates given by the DNA fingerprinting method. Our results suggest that estimating the adoption of improved varieties with methods based on farmer self-reports is questionable and point towards a wider use of DNA fingerprinting in adoption and impact assessments.
Use of mycorrhizal inoculum under low fertilizer application: effects on forage yield, milk production, and energetic and economic efficiency
Authors: Uzun P. , Masucci F. , Serrapica F. , Varricchio M. L. , Pacelli C. , Claps S. , Di Francia A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo studies were carried out to assess the effects of seed inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) coupled to a reduced fertilizer supply on yield, economic benefit and energy balance of maize and sorghum forage cropping. The effect of dietary inclusion of mycorrhizal forages on milk yield was also examined. The control treatments (control maize and control sorghum) were non-mycorrhizal seeds fertilized with recommended doses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The inoculated treatments (inoculated maize and inoculated sorghum) were the mycorrhizal seeds fertilized with a half dose of N. For each treatment, two plots, 1.5 ha each, were used. The forages were ensiled and fed to lactating buffaloes (maize) and dairy cows (sorghum). Plant traits and yield parameters were generally found to be higher in inoculated compared to the control plants. Inoculation positively influenced the chemical composition of sorghum silage that resulted in less fibre and more protein and presented higher dry matter degradability. No differences between the control and inoculated maize silages were found. For both inoculated crops, higher profitability (+670 and 732€ for maize and sorghum, respectively), as well as an increment of net energy (+0.24 and 0.60, respectively), and energy use efficiency (+0.53 and 0.85, respectively) were observed. The use of the inoculated silages did not affect milk yield. Results suggest that seed inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi combined with the low rate of fertilizers could be a viable solution to increase the eco-efficiency and profitability in forage production without affecting forage quality and lactating cow productivity.
Socio-economic differences in the change of fruit and vegetable intakes among Dutch adults between 2004 and 2011: the GLOBE study
Authors: Dijkstra S Coosje , Neter Judith E , Brouwer Ingeborg A , Huisman Martijn , Visser Marjolein , van Lenthe Frank J , Kamphuis Carlijn BM 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate socio-economic differences in changes in fruit and vegetable intake between 2004 and 2011 and explore the mediating role of financial barriers in this change.DesignRespondents completed a self-reported questionnaire in 2004 and 2011, including questions on fruit and vegetable intake (frequency per week), indicators of socio-economic position (education, income) and perceived financial barriers (fruits/vegetables are expensive, financial distress). Associations were analysed using ordinal logistic regression. The mediating role of financial barriers in the association between socio-economic position and change in fruit and vegetable intake was studied with the Baron and Kenny approach.SettingLongitudinal GLOBE study.SubjectsA total of 2978 Dutch adults aged 25–75 years.ResultsRespondents with the lowest income in 2004 were more likely to report a decrease in intake of cooked vegetables (P-trend<0·001) and raw vegetables (P-trend<0·001) between 2004 and 2011, compared with those with the highest income level. Respondents with the lowest education level in 2004 were more likely to report a decrease in intake of fruits (P-trend=0·021), cooked vegetables (P-trend=0·033), raw vegetables (P-trend<0·001) and fruit juice (P-trend=0·027) between 2004 and 2011, compared with those with the highest education level. Financial barriers partially mediated the association between income and education and the decrease in fruit and cooked vegetable intake between 2004 and 2011.ConclusionsThese results show a widening of relative income and educational differences in fruit and vegetable intake between 2004 and 2011. Financial barriers explained a small part of this widening.
Dietary energy density is positively associated with body composition of adults in Southwest China
Authors: Yin Jun , Xue Hong-mei , Chen Yuan-yuan , Zhang Xiao , Quan Li-ming , Gong Yun-hui , Cheng Guo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveDietary energy density (ED) might have influences on body composition. We therefore examined whether ED is associated with body composition among Chinese adults.DesignWe collected dietary data through validated two-day 24 h recalls. ED, defined as the amount of energy per unit weight of food consumed, was calculated based on five methods. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between ED and body composition parameters, including BMI, fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), percentage body fat (%BF) and waist circumference (WC).SettingSouthwest China.SubjectsChinese adults (n 1933) in 2013.ResultsAfter adjusting the covariates, all ED definitions were positively associated with BMI, FMI, FFMI, %BF and WC among women (P<0·01). In men, however, ED with foods only was positively associated with BMI, FMI, FFMI and %BF (P<0·05), but not with WC (P=0·07); we also found null associations between ED with foods and all beverages and body composition among men. Additionally, ED contributed to higher increases of body composition in women than in men (P<0·01).ConclusionsThe present study supports the positive association between ED and body composition among adults in Southwest China, in which beverages may play an important role.
Farm service agency employee intentions to use weather and climate data in professional services
Authors: Schattman Rachel E. , Roesch-McNally Gabrielle , Wiener Sarah , Niles Meredith T. , Hollinger David Y. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAgricultural service providers often work closely with producers, and are well positioned to include weather and climate change information in the services they provide. By doing so, they can help producers reduce risks due to climate variability and change. A national survey of United States Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency (FSA) field staff (n = 4621) was conducted in 2016. The survey was designed to assess FSA employees’ use of climate and weather-related data and explore their perspectives on climate change, attitudes toward adaptation and concerns regarding climate- and weather-driven risks. Two structural equation models were developed to explore relationships between these factors, and to predict respondents’ willingness to integrate climate and weather data into their professional services in the future. The two models were compared with assess the relative influence of respondents’ current use of weather and climate information. Findings suggest that respondents’ perceptions of weather-related risk in combination with their personal observations of weather variability help predict whether an individual intends to use weather and climate information in the future. Importantly, climate change belief is not a significant predictor of this intention; however, the belief that producers will have to adapt to climate change in order to remain viable is. Surprisingly, whether or not an individual currently uses weather and climate information is not a good predictor of whether they intend to in the future. This suggests that there are opportunities to increase employee exposure and proficiency with weather and climate information to meet the needs of American farmers by helping them to reduce risk.
Amygdala hyper-connectivity in a mouse model of unpredictable early life stress
Authors: Johnson Frances K. , Delpech Jean-Christophe , Thompson Garth J. , Wei Lan , Hao Jin , Herman Peter , Hyder Fahmeed , Kaffman Arie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChildhood maltreatment is associated with a wide range of psychopathologies including anxiety that emerge in childhood and in many cases persist in adulthood. Increased amygdala activation in response to threat and abnormal amygdala connectivity with frontolimbic brain regions, such as the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, are some of the most consistent findings seen in individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment. The underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes are difficult to study in humans but can be elucidated using animal models of early-life stress. Such studies are especially powerful in the mouse where precise control of the genetic background and the stress paradigm can be coupled with resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) to map abnormal connectivity in circuits that regulate anxiety. To address this issue we first compared the effects of two models of early-life stress, limited bedding (LB) and unpredictable postnatal stress (UPS), on anxiety-like behavior in juvenile and adult mice. We found that UPS, but not LB, causes a robust increase in anxiety in juvenile and adult male mice. Next, we used rsfMRI to compare frontolimbic connectivity in control and UPS adult male mice. We found increased amygdala–prefrontal cortex and amygdala–hippocampus connectivity in UPS. The strength of the amygdala–hippocampal and amygdala–prefrontal cortex connectivity was highly correlated with anxiety-like behavior in the open-field test and elevated plus maze. These findings are the first to link hyperconnectivity in frontolimbic circuits and increased anxiety in a mouse model of early-life stress, allowing for more mechanistic understanding of parallel findings in humans.
Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha-dependent induction of amphiregulin dampens myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Koeppen Michael , Lee Jae W. , Seo Seong-Wook , Brodsky Kelley S. , Kreth Simone , Yang Ivana V. , Buttrick Peter M. , Eckle Tobias , Eltzschig Holger K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMyocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) leads to the stabilization of the transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-alpha) and hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2-alpha). While previous studies implicate HIF1-alpha in cardioprotection, the role of HIF2-alpha remains elusive. Here we show that HIF2-alpha induces the epithelial growth factor amphiregulin (AREG) to elicit cardioprotection in myocardial IRI. Comparing mice with inducible deletion of Hif1a or Hif2a in cardiac myocytes, we show that loss of Hif2-alpha increases infarct sizes. Microarray studies in genetic models or cultured human cardiac myocytes implicate HIF2-alpha in the myocardial induction of AREG. Likewise, AREG increases in myocardial tissues from patients with ischemic heart disease. Areg deficiency increases myocardial IRI, as does pharmacologic inhibition of Areg signaling. In contrast, treatment with recombinant Areg provides cardioprotection and reconstitutes mice with Hif2a deletion. These studies indicate that HIF2-alpha induces myocardial AREG expression in cardiac myocytes, which increases myocardial ischemia tolerance.
Reconstruction of complex single-cell trajectories using CellRouter
Authors: Lummertz da Rocha Edroaldo , Rowe R. Grant , Lundin Vanessa , Malleshaiah Mohan , Jha Deepak Kumar , Rambo Carlos R. , Li Hu , North Trista E. , Collins James J. , Daley George Q. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA better understanding of the cell-fate transitions that occur in complex cellular ecosystems in normal development and disease could inform cell engineering efforts and lead to improved therapies. However, a major challenge is to simultaneously identify new cell states, and their transitions, to elucidate the gene expression dynamics governing cell-type diversification. Here, we present CellRouter, a multifaceted single-cell analysis platform that identifies complex cell-state transition trajectories by using flow networks to explore the subpopulation structure of multi-dimensional, single-cell omics data. We demonstrate its versatility by applying CellRouter to single-cell RNA sequencing data sets to reconstruct cell-state transition trajectories during hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) differentiation to the erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages, as well as during re-specification of cell identity by cellular reprogramming of monocytes and B-cells to HSPCs. CellRouter opens previously undescribed paths for in-depth characterization of complex cellular ecosystems and establishment of enhanced cell engineering approaches.
Spatiotemporal regulation of Aurora B recruitment ensures release of cohesion during C. elegans oocyte meiosis
Authors: Ferrandiz Nuria , Barroso Consuelo , Telecan Oana , Shao Nan , Kim Hyun-Min , Testori Sarah , Faull Peter , Cutillas Pedro , Snijders Ambrosius P. , Colaiácovo Monica P. , Martinez-Perez Enrique 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe formation of haploid gametes from diploid germ cells requires the regulated two-step release of sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) during the meiotic divisions. Here, we show that phosphorylation of cohesin subunit REC-8 by Aurora B promotes SCC release at anaphase I onset in C. elegans oocytes. Aurora B loading to chromatin displaying Haspin-mediated H3 T3 phosphorylation induces spatially restricted REC-8 phosphorylation, preventing full SCC release during anaphase I. H3 T3 phosphorylation is locally antagonized by protein phosphatase 1, which is recruited to chromosomes by HTP-1/2 and LAB-1. Mutating the N terminus of HTP-1 causes ectopic H3 T3 phosphorylation, triggering precocious SCC release without impairing earlier HTP-1 roles in homolog pairing and recombination. CDK-1 exerts temporal regulation of Aurora B recruitment, coupling REC-8 phosphorylation to oocyte maturation. Our findings elucidate a complex regulatory network that uses chromosome axis components, H3 T3 phosphorylation, and cell cycle regulators to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during oogenesis.
An olfactory virtual reality system for mice
Authors: Radvansky Brad A. , Dombeck Daniel A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAll motile organisms use spatially distributed chemical features of their surroundings to guide their behaviors, but the neural mechanisms underlying such behaviors in mammals have been difficult to study, largely due to the technical challenges of controlling chemical concentrations in space and time during behavioral experiments. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a system to control and maintain an olfactory virtual landscape. This system uses rapid flow controllers and an online predictive algorithm to deliver precise odorant distributions to head-fixed mice as they explore a virtual environment. We establish an odor-guided virtual navigation behavior that engages hippocampal CA1 “place cells” that exhibit similar properties to those previously reported for real and visual virtual environments, demonstrating that navigation based on different sensory modalities recruits a similar cognitive map. This method opens new possibilities for studying the neural mechanisms of olfactory-driven behaviors, multisensory integration, innate valence, and low-dimensional sensory-spatial processing.
Conserved roles of C. elegans and human MANFs in sulfatide binding and cytoprotection
Authors: Bai Meirong , Vozdek Roman , Hnízda Aleš , Jiang Chenxiao , Wang Bingying , Kuchar Ladislav , Li Tiejun , Zhang Yuefan , Wood Chase , Feng Liang , Dang Yongjun , Ma Dengke K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that can be secreted and protects dopamine neurons and cardiomyocytes from ER stress and apoptosis. The mechanism of action of extracellular MANF has long been elusive. From a genetic screen for mutants with abnormal ER stress response, we identified the gene Y54G2A.23 as the evolutionarily conserved C. elegans MANF orthologue. We find that MANF binds to the lipid sulfatide, also known as 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide present in serum and outer-cell membrane leaflets, directly in isolated forms and in reconstituted lipid micelles. Sulfatide binding promotes cellular MANF uptake and cytoprotection from hypoxia-induced cell death. Heightened ER stress responses of MANF-null C. elegans mutants and mammalian cells are alleviated by human MANF in a sulfatide-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate conserved roles of MANF in sulfatide binding and ER stress response, supporting sulfatide as a long-sought lipid mediator of MANF’s cytoprotection.