bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methane Hydrate in Confined Spaces: An Alternative Storage System
Authors: Borchardt Lars , Casco Mirian Elizabeth , Silvestre‐Albero Joaquin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMethane hydrate inheres the great potential to be a nature‐inspired alternative for chemical energy storage, as it allows to store large amounts of methane in a dense solid phase. The embedment of methane hydrate in the confined environment of porous materials can be capitalized for potential applications as its physicochemical properties, such as the formation kinetics or pressure and temperature stability, are significantly changed compared to the bulk system. We review this topic from a materials scientific perspective by considering porous carbons, silica, clays, zeolites, and polymers as host structures for methane hydrate formation. We discuss the contribution of advanced characterization techniques and theoretical simulations towards the elucidation of the methane hydrate formation and dissociation process within the confined space. We outline the scientific challenges this system is currently facing and look on possible future applications for this technology.
Optically Guided Single Cell Mass Spectrometry of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia to Profile Lipids, Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Do Thanh D. , Ellis Joseph F. , Neumann Elizabeth K. , Comi Troy J. , Tillmaand Emily G. , Lenhart Ashley E. , Rubakhin Stanislav S. , Sweedler Jonathan V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe mammalian dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are located on the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves and contain cell bodies of primary sensory neurons. DRG cells have been classified into subpopulations based on their size, morphology, intracellular markers, response to stimuli, and neuropeptides. To understand the connections between DRG chemical heterogeneity and cellular function, we performed optically guided, high‐throughput single cell profiling using sequential matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MS) to detect lipids, peptides, and several proteins in individual DRG cells. Statistical analysis of the resulting mass spectra allows stratification of the DRG population according to cellular morphology and, presumably, major cell types. A subpopulation of small cells contained myelin proteins, which are abundant in Schwann cells, and mass spectra of several larger cells contained peaks matching neurofilament, vimentin, myelin basic protein S, and thymosin beta proteins. Of the over 1000 cells analyzed, approximately 78 % produced putative peptide‐rich spectra, allowing the population to be classified into three distinct cell types. Two signals with m/z 4404 and 5487 were exclusively observed in a cell type, but could not be matched to results of our previous liquid chromatography‐MS analyses.
Structural Characterization of Self‐Assembled Tetra‐Tryptophan Based Nanostructures: Variations on a Common Theme
Authors: Diaferia Carlo , Balasco Nicole , Sibillano Teresa , Giannini Cinzia , Vitagliano Luigi , Morelli Giancarlo , Accardo Antonella 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOver the years, a large number of multidisciplinary investigations has unveiled that the self‐assembly of short peptides and even of individual amino acids can generate a variety of different biomaterials. In this framework, we have recently reported that polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates of short homopeptides, containing aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine (Phe, F) and naphthylalanine (Nal), are able to form elongated fibrillary aggregates having interesting chemical and physical properties. We here extend these analyses characterizing the self‐assembling propensity of PEG6‐W4, a PEG adduct of the tetra‐tryptophan (W4) sequence. A comprehensive structural characterization of PEG6‐W4 was obtained, both in solution and at the solid state, through the combination of spectroscopic, microscopic, X‐ray scattering and computational techniques. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that this peptide is able to self‐assemble in fibrillary networks characterized by a cross β‐structure spine. The present findings clearly demonstrate that aromatic residues display a general propensity to induce self‐aggregation phenomenon, despite the significant differences in the physicochemical properties of their side chains.
Cu/CeO2 Catalyst for Water‐Gas Shift Reaction: Effect of CeO2 Pretreatment
Authors: Chen Chongqi , Zhan Yingying , Zhou Jianke , Li Dalin , Zhang Yanjie , Lin Xingyi , Jiang Lilong , Zheng Qi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCuO/CeO2 is a kind of promising catalysts for the water‐gas shift (WGS) reaction. Efforts were put in to improve its performance through modification of CeO2 support. In this study, portions of CeO2 prepared by a co‐precipitation method were separately annealed at 300 °C in air, under vacuum and with H2, and were used as supports for the fabrication of CuO/CeO2 catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2‐physisorption, inductively coupled plasma, Raman spectroscopy, CO2 temperature‐programmed desorption, and H2 temperature‐programmed reduction techniques. The relation between catalytic performances and physicochemical properties of the CuO/CeO2 catalysts were discussed. Among the three catalysts, the one with CuO supported on H2‐reduced CeO2 shows the highest catalytic activity, mainly due to strong CuO‐CeO2 synergetic interaction and high concentration of Frenkel‐type oxygen vacancies. The superior catalytic activities can also be attributed to the Cu0 crystals of small size and the oxygen vacancies in non‐stoichiometric CeO2‐x.
Analysis and Transformations of Room‐Temperature Liquid Metal Interfaces – A Closer Look through Interfacial Tension
Authors: Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Chen Yuzhen , Zhu Lifei , Zhou Xuechang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRoom‐temperature gallium‐based liquid metals (e. g. Galinstan) are emerging materials for a wide range of applications spanning from soft robotics to a medium for running chemical reactions. However, Galinstan suffers from rapid oxide formation at the surface, limiting its application. Similarly, this surface oxidation renders it difficult to determine the surface free energy of Galinstan. Herein, the interfacial properties of Galinstan in contact with argon, acid, base, water, and organic solvents were investigated, yielding kinetic information regarding the removal by acids and bases, knowledge about oxo‐hydroxide/hydroxide species at the Galinstan/water interface, and an estimated value of the dispersive contribution of the surface free energy. The dispersive contribution of the surface free energy of Galinstan was calculated to be (239.7±9.1) mN/m, around 40 % of the total surface free energy. By employing the dispersive surface tension of Galinstan, the interfacial tension between a liquid and Galinstan can be easily obtained, facilitating the design and application of liquid metal‐based devices.
Selective Probing of Potassium Ion in Solution by Intramolecular Excimer Fluorescence of Dibenzo‐Crown Ethers
Authors: Kida Motoki , Kubo Mayuko , Ujihira Tomoyuki , Ebata Takayuki , Abe Manabu , Inokuchi Yoshiya 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObservation of an excimer fluorescence in solution is proposed for detecting the encapsulation of potassium ion as opposed to other alkali ions by dibenzo‐crown ethers. The scheme has been validated by ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) spectroscopy of dibenzo‐21‐crown‐7 and dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 complexes with potassium ion, K+ ⋅ DB21C7 and K+ ⋅ DB24C8, performed under cold (∼10 K) conditions in the gas phase and by quantum chemical calculations of the geometry and electronic structures of the complexes. Calculations suggest the formation of a closely spaced excimer structure of benzene rings only for the K+ ⋅ DB24C8. Interaction of the rings may lead to lifetime broadening in UV absorption, which is experimentally observed in the gas phase, indeed, only for this cold complex. Consistently, intramolecular excimer fluorescence of DB24C8 in solution is observed only for K+ ⋅ DB24C8. The excimer fluorescence is not observed with other alkali metal ions. The detection of such intramolecular excimer fluorescence can, therefore, potentially serve as a simple, background‐free, selective probe of potassium ion in solution.
Comparison of early maladaptive schemas between borderline personality disorder and chronic depression
Authors: Flink Niko , Honkalampi Kirsi , Lehto Soili M. , Leppänen Virpi , Viinamäki Heimo , Lindeman Sari 
Published: March 2018

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and chronic depression (CD) are common and challenging mental disorders. Maladaptive cognitive schemas have been proposed to increase vulnerability to both disorders. In order to elucidate the role of maladaptive cognitive schemas in BPD and CD, this study compared psychiatric outpatients with BPD (N = 30) and CD (N = 30) in terms of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). The groups were compared using the Young Schema Questionnaire short form‐extended (YSQ‐S2‐extended) and the 15D health status questionnaire. BPD patients showed higher endorsement on the majority of EMSs, poorer social functioning, and greater concurrent distress than CD patients. However, after controlling for concurrent effects of psychological distress, the groups did not differ in 14 out of the 18 EMSs. These findings point to significant similarities in maladaptive beliefs between the 2 disorders and do not support broad, specific patterns of EMSs associated with either disorder. The results highlight the need for further study of the role of maladaptive schemas in the development and treatment of chronic mental disorders.
How social, environmental, and economic CSR affects consumer‐perceived value: Does perceived consumer effectiveness make a difference?
Authors: Currás‐Pérez Rafael , Dolz‐Dolz Consuelo , Miquel‐Romero María J. , Sánchez‐García Isabel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study analyzes the influence of consumer‐perceived dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from a sustainable development approach (i.e. economic, social, and environmental) on the dimensions of perceived value (i.e. utilitarian, emotional, and social value). The study also analyzes the moderating effect of perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) in the value generation process around CSR. A theoretical model is estimated with data from 661 consumers of Inditex or Danone products, leading firms in the textile and dairy sectors, respectively. Results indicate that functional value is determined by economic and social dimensions of CSR. Emotional value can be enhanced through the three CSR dimensions but social dimension has the greatest influence. Finally, firms can only influence social value through social CSR initiatives because it is unaffected by environmental and economic dimensions. The moderating effect of PCE is confirmed by the influence of the social dimension of CSR on the three types of value and the influence of the economic dimension of CSR on consumer functional value.
Consensus‐based perspectives of pediatric inpatient eating disorder services
Authors: O'Brien Amy , McCormack Julie , Hoiles Kimberley J. , Watson Hunna J. , Anderson Rebecca A. , Hay Phillipa , Egan Sarah J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThere are few evidence‐based guidelines for inpatient pediatric eating disorders. The aim was to gain perspectives from those providing and receiving inpatient pediatric eating disorder care on the essential components treatment.MethodA modified Delphi technique was used to develop consensus‐based opinions. Participants (N = 74) were recruited for three panels: clinicians (n = 24), carers (n = 31), and patients (n = 19), who endorsed three rounds of statements online.ResultsA total of 167 statements were rated, 79 were accepted and reached a consensus level of at least 75% across all panels, and 87 were rejected. All agreed that families should be involved in treatment, and thatpsychological therapy be offered in specialist inpatient units. Areas of disagreement included that patients expressed a desire for autonomy in sessions being available without carers, and that weight gain should be gradual and admissions longer, in contrast to carers and clinicians. Carers endorsed that legal frameworks should be used to retain patients if required, and that inpatients are supervised at all times, in contrast to patients and clinicians. Clinicians endorsed that food access should be restricted outside meal times, in contrast to patients and carers.DiscussionThe findings indicate areas of consensus in admission criteria, and that families should be involved in treatment, family involvement in treatment, while there was disagreement across groups on topics including weight goals and nutrition management. Perspectives from patients, carers, and clinicians may be useful to consider during future revisions of best practice guidelines.
Psychosocial correlates of gap time to anabolic–androgenic steroid use
Authors: Klimek Patrycja , Hildebrandt Tom 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTheoretically, legal supplement use precedes and increases the risk for illicit appearance and performance enhancing drug (APED) use—also referred to as the gateway hypothesis. Little is known about associations between the speed of progression, or gap time, from legal to illicit APED use, and psychological risk factors, such as sociocultural influence, eating disorders, body image disturbance, and impulsivity.MethodThe sample taken from two studies included 172 active steroid users (n = 143) and intense‐exercising healthy controls (n = 29) between the ages of 18 and 60 (M = 34.16, SD = 10.43), the majority of whom were male (91.9%). Participants, retrospectively, reported APED use and completed measures assessing psychological and behavioral factors, including eating concern, muscle dysmorphia, and impulsivity. Participants had a gap time from initial APED use to anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) use that ranged from 0 to 38 years.ResultsContinuous survival analysis indicated that interactions between self‐ versus other sociocultural influence on APED onset and both higher eating concern and impulsivity are associated with a shorter gap time from initial legal to illicit APED use.DiscussionThe results indicate the potential value in developing different strategies for individuals with other sociocultural versus self‐influence on illicit APED use, and among more impulsive and eating‐concerned APED users. Future research is needed to assess different trajectories of APED use, such that eating‐concerned and impulsive individuals who perceive less other sociocultural influence may be at greatest risk for a speedier progression to AAS use.
Thinning‐induced canopy opening exerted a specific effect on soil nematode community
Authors: Yang Bing , Pang Xueyong , Bao Weikai , Zhou Kexin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChanges in microclimate, soil physicochemical properties, understory vegetation cover, diversity, and composition as well as soil microbial community resulting from silvicultural practices are expected to alter soil food webs. Here, we investigated whether and how contrasting‐sized canopy openings affect soil nematode community within a 30 year‐aged spruce plantation. The results indicated that the responses of soil nematodes to canopy opening size were dependant on their feeding habit. The abundance of total nematodes and that of free‐living nematodes was negatively correlated with soil bulk density, whereas the abundance of omnivore–predators was negatively correlated with soil bulk density and shrubs cover, respectively. The ratio of the sum abundance of predators and omnivores to the plant parasites’ abundance, Simpson's dominance index, Pielou's evenness index, and sigma maturity index, maturity index (MI), MI2‐5, basal index, enrichment index, and structure index was sensitive to alteration in canopy opening size. Multivariate analysis indicated that thinning‐induced gap size resulted in contrasting nematode assemblages. In conclusion, soil nematodes should be integrated as an indicator to monitor soil multifunctionality change due to thinning.
Carbon use efficiency of hayed alfalfa and grass pastures in a semiarid environment
Authors: Saliendra Nicanor Z. , Liebig Mark A. , Kronberg Scott L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractManagement, environment, and agroecosystem type are key factors influencing photosynthetic carbon (C) uptake and C use efficiency (CUE), calculated as the ratio of net ecosystem production to gross ecosystem production (NEP:GEP). Current literature has mainly emphasized annual C balance in studies involving multiple years with continuous monitoring of ecosystem C fluxes, yet CUE has not been thoroughly analyzed during the growing season, particularly in paired comparisons of contrasting types of pasture under semiarid conditions. From 2009 through 2013, we used eddy covariance method to determine daily, seasonal, and annual C budgets in rainfed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and grass ecosystems subjected to periodic harvest (haying) near Mandan, North Dakota, USA. We found consistently higher magnitudes of C fluxes (ecosystem respiration [ER], NEP, GEP) and hay production in alfalfa than grassland. Leaf area and canopy nitrogen content per unit land area were key driving factors for daily, seasonal, and annual differences in C fluxes between agroecosystems. Net ecosystem C balance indicated C losses occurred through haying in both ecosystems, though no changes in soil C stocks were detected in either ecosystem over the course of the study. Mean NEP:GEP ratios (±standard error) during periods of steady carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake before and after haying were 0.43 ± 0.01 and 0.26 ± 0.03 for alfalfa and grassland, respectively, implying more efficient C use in the former. Moreover, alfalfa had consistently greater CUE than grassland despite variations in sunlight, temperature, and precipitation within and between growing seasons. Ratios of ER to GEP were also repeatedly lower in alfalfa than grassland in all five growing seasons. Under drought conditions, we infer alfalfa roots accessed water in the soil profile unavailable to more shallow‐rooted grass species. Overall, hayed alfalfa was more efficient and tolerant than grassland in assimilating and using atmospheric CO2 under variable intra‐ and inter‐seasonal conditions. Outcomes from this study suggest the inclusion of alfalfa in unirrigated crop rotations can sustain high CUE, C uptake, and hay production while mitigating C losses in a semiarid environment.
Interpersonal feedback in everyday life: Empirical studies in Germany and the United States
Authors: Gallrein Anne‐Marie B. , Bollich‐Ziegler Kathryn L. , Leising Daniel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe present research examines occurrences of interpersonal feedback in everyday life. Drawing upon retrospective self‐reports from three student samples in Germany and the US, we investigate why, how, and with what effect such feedback is shared. We found that feedback was common, occurring mostly within stable interpersonal relationships, and that positive feedback was reported to occur more often than negative feedback. Positive and negative feedback was provided to achieve different goals (acknowledgement vs. behavioral change), and feedback senders perceived negative feedback as less successful than positive feedback. Negative feedback was withheld primarily when potential senders perceived it as futile or potentially dangerous to their relationship with the recipient. However, negative feedback that was shared was not seen as particularly harmful in that regard. We discuss potential barriers to feedback effectiveness, whether and how the exchange of interpersonal feedback in everyday life may be promoted, and give recommendations for future research.
High Loading Pt Core/Carbon Shell Derived from Platinum‐Aniline Complex for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Mohanraju Karuppannan , Lee Hyunjoon , Kwon Oh Joong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel approach to high loaded Pt core/carbon shell catalyst synthesis from a Pt‐aniline complex was reported. The Pt‐aniline complex was successfully synthesized by irradiating an ultrasound to the hexachloro platinic acid and aniline monomer mixture. The highly viscous nature of aniline leads to reproducible hexagonal plate like Pt‐aniline complex crystals. The chemical composition of the Pt‐aniline complex was identified as [PtCl2(C6H5NH2)2] with the help of NMR, XPS, HR ESI‐MS, and TGA analyses. Furthermore, the Pt‐aniline hexagonal plates were sintered at various temperatures like 400 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C for an hour. This formed the highly dispersed carbon covered Pt nano particles with loading of 80.1 wt %, 81.3 wt %, and 83.4 wt % for HP‐4, HP‐5, and HP‐7, respectively. After supporting it on Vulcan XC‐72, Pt core/carbon shell pyrolyzed at a low temperature showed excellent performance in methanol oxidation reaction. In addition, Pt core/carbon shell prepared at a high temperature revealed excellent tolerance to methanol.
Conjugated Molecule Based Sensor for Microbial Detection in Water with E. coli as a Case Study and Elucidation of Interaction Mechanism
Authors: Mallya Ashwini N. , Ramamurthy Praveen C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWater testing for microbial contamination is essential to ensure safe drinking water. In the present work, an organic nanocomposite based sensor is designed and fabricated to detect the presence of E. coli in water. The detection is carried out by measuring the change in two parameters of the organic nanocomposite film – resistance and impedance. The lower detection limit of E. coli cell counts up to 10 CFU mL−1 and 107 CFU mL−1 in 100 mL test solution is observed by impedance spectroscopy and resistance change respectively. A conjugated molecule with a specific pendant amine group was used as the receptor moiety that can interact and exhibit affinity to the functional groups like carboxyl groups present on the outer membrane of the cell wall of the E. coli. The binding of E. coli cells to conjugated molecule was characterized by chemical, physical and structural properties. The electrostatic interaction between positively charged amine groups on conjugated molecule and negatively charged E. coli is utilized for sensing. This interaction is also observed to be acting as p‐dopant to conjugated molecule which synergistically induces a change in electrical resistance in the composite. This work shows that the conjugated molecules designed with suitable moieties could be used for sensing microorganisms, when most sensors for detection of E. coli cells, use antibodies as detecting element.