bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Deubiquitinating Enzyme Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 11 Potentiates TGF-β Signaling in CD4+ T Cells to Facilitate Foxp3+ Regulatory T and TH17 Cell Differentiation
Authors: Istomine Roman , Alvarez Fernando , Almadani Yasser , Philip Anie , Piccirillo Ciriaco A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (TREG) cells are central mediators in the control of peripheral immune responses. Genome-wide transcriptional profiles show canonical signatures for Foxp3+ TREG cells, distinguishing them from Foxp3− effector T (TEFF) cells. We previously uncovered distinct mRNA translational signatures differentiating CD4+ TEFF and TREG cells through parallel measurements of cytosolic (global) and polysome-associated (translationally enhanced) mRNA levels in both subsets. We show that the mRNA encoding for the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11), a known modulator of TGF-β signaling, was preferentially translated in TCR-activated TREG cells compared with conventional, murine CD4+ T cells. TGF-β is a key cytokine driving the induction and maintenance of Foxp3 expression in T cells. We hypothesized that differential translation of USP11 mRNA endows TREG cells with an advantage to respond to TGF-β signals. In an in vivo mouse model promoting TREG cells plasticity, we found that USP11 protein was expressed at elevated levels in stable TREG cells, whereas ectopic USP11 expression enhanced the suppressive capacity and lineage commitment of these cells in vitro and in vivo. USP11 overexpression in TEFF cells enhanced the activation of the TGF-β pathway and promoted TREG or TH17, but not Th1, cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo, an effect abrogated by USP11 gene silencing or the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Thus, USP11 potentiates TGF-β signaling in both TREG and TEFF cells, in turn driving increased suppressive function and lineage commitment in thymic-derived TREG cells and potentiating the TGF-β–dependent differentiation of TEFF cells to peripherally induced TREG and TH17 cells.
A Classified Bibliography on Ecclesiastes
Authors: Meek Russell L. , Beldman David J. H. 
Published: September 2019

This volume is a comprehensive listing of bibliographical references to writings on the book of Ecclesiastes, beginning from 1900. Rather than being presented in alphabetical order, these references are classified according to genre, chapter, subject and theme; among the myriad of classifications are biblical theology, commentaries, death and the afterlife, God/the divine, joy, language, sexuality, structure and wisdom.
These classifications have been selected by specialists of Ecclesiastes, in order to guide scholars and researchers through the wealth of secondary material available and to prompt further research on the text. Through its collation of the incredible amount of bibliographical data on the book of Ecclesiastes, this collection will prove a vital resource for those working on Ecclesiastes for years to come.
Investigation of fascial treatment effectiveness on pain, flexibility, functional level, and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Endamlı Doğan Burak , Bayramlar Kezban , Turhan Begümhan 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionFascial manipulations have received attention in the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of fascial manipulation on pain, flexibility, functional level, and kinesiophobia in patients with CLBP.MethodsOverall, 55 individuals with a history of CLBP, without neurological deficits, lumbar disc herniation, lumbarization, spondylosis, or lumbar surgical history were included in the study. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups depending on the patient protocol numbers. Subjects with odd protocol numbers were assigned to the study group (fascial manipulation) and those with even numbers to the control group (conventional physiotherapy). Both groups were assessed before and after the treatment in terms of pain, flexibility, functional level, and kinesiophobia.ResultsThere were significant differences after both treatment methods in terms of pain, functional level, and flexibility (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, pain levels decreased more statistically significantly in the fascial manipulation group than in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of functional level, flexibility, or kinesiophobia after the treatment (<i>p</i> > 0.05).ConclusionsWe stated that fascial manipulation was more effective on pain than conventional physiotherapy methods (hot pack, microwave diathermy, interferential flow-vacuum applications, posterior pelvic tilt and abdominal exercises, stretching hip flexors and lumbar extensors) in patients with CLBP.
Dynamics of psychophysiological functions and indicators of physical and technical readiness in young football players aged 12–13 and 15–16 years during a 3-month training process
Authors: Kozina Zhanneta , Cretu Marian , Safronov Danil , Gryn Ivan , Shkrebtii Yurii , Bugayets Nataliya , Shepelenko Tatiana , Tanko Andrii 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThe purpose of the research was to provide a comparative characteristic of the dynamics of psychophysiological functions and indicators of physical and technical readiness of young footballers aged 12–13 and 15–16 years during 3 months of training.MethodsThe study involved 24 football players; 12 were 12–13 years old, 12 were 15–16 years old. Parameters characteristic of determining the psychophysiological status, indicators of the nervous system work capacity, and attention indicators were analysed with the help of computer programs for psychophysiological testing. Also, the level of physical preparedness (60-m running, 1000-m running, shuttle running, pull-ups, standing long jump), and of technical preparedness (juggling, running throw) were established. Testing was carried out at the beginning of the preparatory period and at the beginning of the competition period of an annual training process cycle. The gap between the tests was 3 months.ResultsChanges of psychophysiological indicators and indicators of physical and technical fitness that occurred in the observed period were more expressed among the 12–13 years old football players than in those aged 15–16 years.ConclusionsAt the age of 12–13 years, emphasis should be put on the development of psychophysiological functions since at an older age the level of these functions is more difficult to influence, which can be decisive for the perfection of the athlete in football.
A new discrete wavelength backscattered ultraviolet algorithm for consistent volcanic SO2 retrievals from multiple satellite missions
Authors: Fisher Bradford L. , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Bhartia Pawan K. , Li Can , Carn Simon A. , Hughes Eric , Leonard Peter J. T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This paper describes a new discrete wavelength algorithm
developed for retrieving volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) vertical column
density (VCD) from UV observing satellites. The Multi-Satellite SO2
algorithm (MS_SO2) simultaneously retrieves column densities
of sulfur dioxide, ozone, and Lambertian effective reflectivity (LER) and its
spectral dependence. It is used operationally to process measurements from
the heritage Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) onboard NASA's
Nimbus-7 satellite (N7/TOMS: 1978–1993) and from the current Earth
Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard Deep Space Climate Observatory
(DSCOVR: 2015–ongoing) from the Earth–Sun Lagrange (L1) orbit. Results from
MS_SO2 algorithm for several volcanic cases were assessed
using the more sensitive principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm. The
PCA is an operational algorithm used by NASA to retrieve SO2 from
hyperspectral UV spectrometers, such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Earth Observing System Aura satellite and Ozone Mapping and
Profiling Suite (OMPS) onboard NASA–NOAA Suomi National Polar Partnership
(SNPP) satellite. For this comparative study, the PCA algorithm was
modified to use the discrete wavelengths of the Nimbus-7/TOMS instrument,
described in Sect. S1 of the Supplement. Our results demonstrate good
agreement between the two retrievals for the largest volcanic eruptions of
the satellite era, such as the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. To estimate SO2
retrieval systematic uncertainties, we use radiative transfer simulations
explicitly accounting for volcanic sulfate and ash aerosols. Our results
suggest that the discrete-wavelength MS_SO2 algorithm,
although less sensitive than hyperspectral PCA algorithm, can be adapted to
retrieve volcanic SO2 VCDs from contemporary hyperspectral UV
instruments, such as OMI and OMPS, to create consistent, multi-satellite,
long-term volcanic SO2 climate data records.
eSCAPE: Regional to Global Scale Landscape Evolution Model v2.0
Authors: Salles Tristan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The eSCAPE model is a Python-based landscape evolution model that simulates over geological time (1) the dynamics of the landscape, (2) the transport of sediment from source to sink, and (3) continental and marine sedimentary basin formation under different climatic and tectonic conditions. The eSCAPE model is open-source, cross-platform, distributed under the GPLv3 licence, and available on GitHub (http://escape.readthedocs.io, last access: 23 September 2019). Simulated processes rely on a simplified mathematical representation of landscape processes – the stream power and creep laws – to compute Earth's surface evolution by rivers and hillslope transport. The main difference with previous models is in the underlying numerical formulation of the mathematical equations. The approach is based on a series of implicit iterative algorithms defined in matrix form to calculate both drainage area from multiple flow directions and erosion–deposition processes. The eSCAPE model relies on the PETSc parallel library to solve these matrix systems. Along with the description of the algorithms, examples are provided to illustrate the model current capabilities and limitations. It is the first landscape evolution model able to simulate processes at the global scale and is primarily designed to address problems on large unstructured grids (several million nodes).
The role of corticosteroids in the management of childhood asthma
Authors: Van Asperen Peter P , Mellis Craig M , Sly Peter D 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo formulate recommendations for the role of corticosteroid therapy in the management of childhood asthma.Data sourcesThe recommendations are based on a review of the available literature and a variety of review articles on the efficacy and safety of corticosteroid therapy supplemented by personal experience in managing children with asthma.Data synthesis1. Preventive therapy. Sodium cromoglycate should be considered first‐line treatment. Inhaled corticosteroids are indicated in children who fail to achieve control on this therapy or those with severe disease. An initial dosage of 400‐600 pg/day is recommended with subsequent variation in dosage related to clinical response. Large volume spacers can be used to improve aerosol delivery and minimise side effects. Indications for specialist assessment include: use of inhaled corticosteroids in children under 3 years of age; the requirement for high dose therapy (>600 pg/day); or the need for regular oral corticosteroids.2. Acute severe asthma. Systemic corticosteroid therapy is a valuable adjunct in the treatment of acute severe asthma and can be used safely in the short term. The efficacy of high dose inhaled corticosteroids in the management of acute severe asthma requires further evaluation. The need for systemic corticosteroid therapy signals the need for reassessment of that child's usual maintenance therapy.ConclusionThese recommendations are presented as a guide to the use of corticosteroid therapy in childhood asthma. In the individual child, the benefits of therapy need to be weighed against the possible risks, with the aim of maintaining good asthma control with the minimum dose of corticosteroid.
Firearms suicides in Australia
Authors: Snowdon John , Harris Lynne 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the rates of suicide by firearms in the five larger Australian States during 1968‐1989, and to relate them to differences between those States. We hypothesised that (i) restrictive gun legislation will have reduced the firearms suicide rate in South Australia after 1980, and (ii) firearms suicides would be shown to be more common in States with larger rurahurban population ratios.DesignData supplied by the Australian Bureau of Statistics were analysed by sex, State and year of suicide. Differences between the firearms suicide rates of capital city and rural dwellers, and of different age‐ groups, were recorded.ResultsFirearms suicide rates in South Australia declined significantly after 1980, following proclamation of gun legislation, in contrast to the four other larger States where an increase in firearms suicides was recorded. The firearms suicide rate in Queensland has remained consistently higher than in the other four larger States during 1968‐1989. The number of Australian firearms suicides per year fell by 25% from a peak of 572 in 1987 to 451 in 1989.ConclusionsFurther reductions in the Australian firearms suicide rate might be achieved by tightening gun laws and by a media campaign aimed at reducing easy access by males to guns in rural households.
Geografi kejahatan, teori disorganisasi sosial, dan kajian terhadap kejahatan di ruang perkotaan
Authors: Olii Mohammad Irvan 
Published: September 2019

<p><em>Persebaran kejahatan di ruang perkotaan secara keruangan telah lama menjadi bagian kajian secara geografis. Salah satu teori yang untuk membahas persebaran tersebut adalah teori disorganisasi sosial. Tulisan ini mengulas pemanfaatan teori disorganisasi sosial dalam sebuah artikel jurnal internasional karya Melo, Andersen dan Matias (2017) yang membahas geografi kejahatan pada sebuah kota di negara Brazil. Hasil ulasan memaparkan sejarah ringkas dari teori disorganisasi dan hubungannya dengan pengkajian permasalahan perkotaan, khususnya kejahatan, termasuk dasar-dasar pemikiran yang ada. Selain itu, hasil ulasan juga memaparkan kritik-kritik terhadap teori disorganisasi sosial. Pada bagian penutup akan dipaparkan perlunya perhatian terhadap adanya perbedaan pemahaman atas ruang kota yang didasarkan teori disorganisasi sosial dengan konteks ruang kota di Indonesia.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Kata Kunci: geografi kejahatan, teori disorganisasi sosial, ruang kota.</em><em></em></p>
Behavioural responses of southern mountain caribou to helicopter and skiing activities
Authors: Wilson Steven F. , Wilmshurst John F. 
Published: September 2019

Helicopter- and snowcat-supported backcountry skiing is a unique industry that is widespread throughout southern mountain caribou habitat in British Columbia. We analyzed standardized caribou encounter data collected by operators under an agreement between the BC government and Helicat Canada. Average reported encounter rates were low for helicopters (0.6%) and skiing groups (0.1%); however, encounters were likely underreported due to factors that affect caribou sightability. Although helicopters encountered caribou more frequently than skiing groups, caribou were detected from helicopters at greater distances than by skiers. We used Bayesian network models to assess the independent contribution of different factors to the behavioural response of caribou to encounters. Encounter distance was the most important factor in both helicopter and skiing models. Larger groups of caribou responded strongly to skiers but not to helicopters, although the independent effect of this factor was small in both models. Larger helicopters elicited stronger reactions from caribou than smaller machines and was responsible for 25% of the modelled variation in caribou response. Encounters with helicopters at distances of 100–500m had a 78% probability of eliciting a concerned-to-very-alarmedresponse from caribou, while skiers at a similar distance had a 60% probability of eliciting the same response. The probability of concerned-to-very-alarmed responses dropped to <20% at encounter distances of >1000 m. These results indicate that initial encounter distance is the key variable to manage risk to caribou of helicopter and skiing encounters. Ongoing feedback on the effectiveness of management practices is critical to ensure the continued viability of industries operating in caribou habitat.
Ironed Out: A Bacterial Siderophore Primer
Authors: Lakes Andrew L. , Rees Julian A. , Abergel Rebecca J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNearly all living organisms require iron, the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust, for survival. However, despite its abundance, ferric ion has extremely low solubility in aerobic environments at physiological pH (10−18M), and the FeII/FeIIIredox couple leads the production of destructive oxygen radicals via Fenton chemistry. To solubilize and regulate iron in biological systems, many organisms rely on proteins and small molecules to chelate iron and make it bioavailable. This tedious management of the distribution of iron has led to an arms race between mammals and microorganisms, each with the purpose to ensure their own supply of iron at the expense of the other. In order to acquire iron, microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi have developed small‐molecule chelators called siderophores that bind environmental iron and are actively reincorporated into the cell via specific receptors. When a bacterial pathogen invades a mammalian host, its ability to steal iron from the host's iron stores is determinant in the success of its pathogenicity. This article seeks to provide a high‐level perspective on the structural variety and coordination properties of siderophores, as well as on the biological relevance of siderophore‐mediated iron acquisition for bacterial survival. The promise of using or altering these iron acquisition pathways for medicinal and theranostic applications is also discussed.
Active‐Site Imprinting: Preparation of Fe–N–C Catalysts from Zinc Ion–Templated Ionothermal Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons
Authors: Menga Davide , Ruiz‐Zepeda Francisco , Moriau Léonard , Šala Martin , Wagner Friedrich , Koyutürk Burak , Bele Marjan , Petek Urša , Hodnik Nejc , Gaberšček Miran , Fellinger Tim‐Patrick 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAtomically dispersed Fe–N–C catalysts are considered the most promising precious‐metal‐free alternative to state‐of‐the‐art Pt‐based oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells. The exceptional progress in the field of research in the last ≈30 years is currently limited by the moderate active site density that can be obtained. Behind this stands the dilemma of metastability of the desired FeN4 sites at the high temperatures that are believed to be a requirement for their formation. It is herein shown that Zn2+ ions can be utilized in the novel concept of active‐site imprinting based on a pyrolytic template ion reaction throughout the formation of nitrogen‐doped carbons. As obtained atomically dispersed Zn–N–Cs comprising ZnN4 sites as well as metal‐free N4 sites can be utilized for the coordination of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions to form atomically dispersed Fe–N–C with Fe loadings as high as 3.12 wt%. The Fe–N–Cs are active electocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media with an onset potential of E0 = 0.85 V versus RHE in 0.1 m HClO4. Identical location atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging, as well as in situ electrochemical flow cell coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurements, is employed to directly prove the concept of the active‐site imprinting approach.
Artificial Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Enabled High‐Capacity and Stable Cycling Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Huwei , Hu Junyang , Dong Jiahui , Lau Kah Chun , Qin Lei , Lei Yu , Li Baohua , Zhai Dengyun , Wu Yiying , Kang Feiyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSecondary batteries based on earth‐abundant potassium metal anodes are attractive for stationary energy storage. However, suppressing the formation of potassium metal dendrites during cycling is pivotal in the development of future potassium metal‐based battery technology. Herein, a promising artificial solid‐electrolyte interphase (ASEI) design, simply covering a carbon nanotube (CNT) film on the surface of a potassium metal anode, is demonstrated. The results show that the spontaneously potassiated CNT framework with a stable self‐formed solid‐electrolyte interphase layer integrates a quasi‐hosting feature with fast interfacial ion transport, which enables dendrite‐free deposition of potassium at an ultrahigh capacity (20 mAh cm−2). Remarkably, the potassium metal anode exhibits an unprecedented cycle life (over 1000 cycles, over 2000 h) at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2 and a desirable areal capacity of 4 mAh cm−2. Dendrite‐free morphology in carbon‐fiber and carbon‐black‐based ASEI for potassium metal anodes, which indicates a broader promise of this approach, is also observed.
Patterns and effects of heterospecific pollen transfer between an invasive and two native plant species: the importance of pollen arrival time to the stigma
Authors: Suárez‐Mariño Alexander , Arceo‐Gómez Gerardo , Sosenski Paula , Parra‐Tabla Víctor 
Published: September 2019

PremiseInvasive plant species can integrate into native plant–pollinator communities, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Competitive interactions between invasive and native plants via heterospecific pollen (HP) and differential invasiveHPeffects depending onHParrival time to the stigma may mediate invasion success, but these have been little studied.MethodsWe evaluated patterns and effects ofHPreceipt on pollen tube growth in two native and one invasive species in the field. We also used hand‐pollination experiments to evaluate the effect of invasiveHPpollen and its arrival time on native reproductive success.ResultsNative species receive smaller and less‐diverseHPloads (5–7 species) compared to invasive species (10 species). The load size ofHPhad a negative effect on the proportion of pollen tubes in both native species but not in the invasive, suggesting higherHPtolerance in the latter. InvasiveHParrival time differentially affected pollen tube success in native species.ConclusionsOur results highlight the need to study reciprocalHPeffects between invasive and native species and the factors that determine differential responses toHPreceipt to fully understand the mechanisms facilitating invasive species integration into native plant–pollinator communities.