bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat
Authors: Batorska Martyna , Więcek Justyna , Kunowska-Slósarz Małgorzata , Puppel Kamila , Slósarz Jan , Gołębiewski Marcin , Kuczyńska Beata , Popczyk Bartłomiej , Rekiel Anna , Balcerak Marek 
Published: March 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carcass weight on chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of m. longissimus dorsi and m. semimembranosus of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) meat. The research was carried out on 50 wild boars shot during four battues at hunting reserves in the central part of Poland. The carcasses were divided into three groups: ≤30 kg (G1), 31–45 kg (G2), and >45 kg (G3). The protein concentration increased with carcass weight (P ≤ 0.01). The concentration of saturated fatty acids was influenced by carcass weight and was higher when weight increased. A significantly higher level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was found in the carcasses of wild boars from G3 compared with G1 group (P ≤ 0.01). The content of C18:2n-6 was significantly lower in the lightest carcasses compared with the heaviest (P ≤ 0.05). Statistical analysis confirmed that carcasses weight significantly affected polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 content. The lightest carcasses contained a significantly higher concentration of PUFA n-3 (P ≤ 0.01). In addition, in G3, the amount of C22:5n-3 was two-fold lower (P ≤ 0.01) than in G1. The research has shown that the meat quality was affected by the carcass weight, resulting better parameters in the lighter than in the heavier carcasses. Therefore, most of the culled wild boars should be squeakers and young boars after the first year of life.
Metabolizable energy and standardized ileal digestible amino acid contents of a high-protein sunflower meal fed to broiler chicks
Authors: Waititu S.M. , Kim J.W. , Sanjayan N. , Leterme P. , Nyachoti C.M. 
Published: March 2018

This study was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible amino acid (AA) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) contents of a high-protein sunflower meal (HiSFM) fed to broiler chicks. A total of 144 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments with eight replicate cages of six birds. Birds were fed the experimental diets from day 14 to day 21 of age. The results showed that gross energy, crude protein, nonphytate phosphorus, lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), threonine (Thr), and total nonstarch polysaccharide contents of HiSFM were 4178 kcal kg−1, 48.7%, 0.86%, 1.59%, 0.75%, 1.45%, and 14.6%, as-fed basis, respectively. The standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met, and Thr of HiSFM were 12.6, 6.8, and 11.6 g kg−1(dry matter basis), respectively. In addition, the AMEncontent of HiSFM fed to broiler chicks was 1785 kcal kg−1. In conclusion, compared with literature values for sunflower meal, HiSFM had lower standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable AA and higher AMEncontent. The standardized ileal digestible AA and AMEnvalues of HiSFM obtained from the current study could be used when formulating poultry diets and to obtain predictable bird performance.
MISSING DATA AS PART OF THE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN REAL-WORLD FINANCIAL COMPLEX SYSTEMS
Authors: KELMAN GUY , MANES ERAN , LAMIERI MARCO , BRÉE DAVID S. 
Published: March 2018

Many real-world networks are known to exhibit facts that counter our knowledge prescribed by the theories on network creation and communication patterns. A common prerequisite in network analysis is that information on nodes and links will be complete because network topologies are extremely sensitive to missing information of this kind. Therefore, many real-world networks that fail to meet this criterion under random sampling may be discarded.In this paper, we offer a framework for interpreting the missing observations in network data under the hypothesis that these observations are not missing at random. We demonstrate the methodology with a case study of a financial trade network, where the awareness of agents to the data collection procedure by a self-interested observer may result in strategic revealing or withholding of information. The non-random missingness has been overlooked despite the possibility of this being an important feature of the processes by which the network is generated. The analysis demonstrates that strategic information withholding may be a valid general phenomenon in complex systems. The evidence is sufficient to support the existence of an influential observer and to offer a compelling dynamic mechanism for the creation of the network.
Thermal structure of the Dabie eclogite-bearing terrane revealed from the results of Ti-in-zircon thermometry
Authors: Liu Jingbo , Zhang Lingmin , Cheng Nanfei , Gao Yijie , Xie Liewen 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Investigation of thermal structure is critical to the interpretation of regional geological structure. This study sampled 12 gneissic outcrops along an approximately 35 km-long profile striking north–south in the Dabie eclogite-bearing terrane. Nanoscale secondary-ion mass spectrometry (Nano-SIMS) was used to analyse the Ti content of zircons from the rocks, and a Ti-in-zircon thermometer was adopted to measure the metamorphic temperatures of formation. Zircons contain three or four different cathodoluminescent (CL) zones, which correspondingly yield significant metamorphic temperature estimates. The metamorphic temperatures decrease along the formation sequence of zircon zones, suggesting that zircon zones formed along an exhumation pressure–temperature (
P
–
T
) path. The peak metamorphic temperatures recorded in zircons from gneissic samples range from 500 to 800°C and appear to be comparable with the results from the eclogites enclosed in corresponding gneisses. The determined peak metamorphic temperatures yield large temperature differences from 50 to 200°C between neighbouring petrological units or samples, which occur within distances of 1–4 km. The distinct temperature differences suggest that the Dabie eclogite-bearing terrane consists of a stack of seven or eight tectonometamorphic slices along the profile.
Inhibin Is a Novel Paracrine Factor for Tumor Angiogenesis and Metastasis
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Jenkins Laura M. , Horst Ben , Alers Victoria , Pradhan Shrikant , Kaur Prabhjot , Srivastava Tapasya , Hempel Nadine , Győrffy Balázs , Broude Eugenia V. , Lee Nam Y. , Mythreye Karthikeyan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Inhibin is a heterodimeric TGFβ family ligand that is expressed in many cancers and is a selective biomarker for ovarian cancers; however, its tumor-specific functions remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the α subunit of inhibin (INHA), which is critical for the functionality of dimeric inhibin A/B, correlates with microvessel density in human ovarian tissues and is predictive of poor clinical outcomes in multiple cancers. We demonstrate that inhibin-regulated angiogenesis is necessary for metastasis. Although inhibin had no direct impact on tumor cell signaling, both tumor cell-derived and recombinant inhibin elicit a strong paracrine response from endothelial cells by triggering SMAD1/5 activation and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Inhibin-induced angiogenesis was abrogated via anti-inhibin α antibodies. The endothelial-specific TGFβ receptor complex comprising ALK1 and endoglin was a crucial mediator of inhibin signaling, offering a molecular mechanism for inhibin-mediated angiogenesis. These results are the first to define a role for inhibin in tumor metastasis and vascularization and offer an antibody-based approach for targeting inhibin therapeutically.
Significance: Inhibin is a predictor of poor patient survival in multiple cancers and is a potential target for antiangiogenic therapies. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2978–89. ©2018 AACR.
Endogenous Replication Stress Marks Melanomas Sensitive to CHEK1 Inhibitors In Vivo
Authors: Oo Zay Yar , Stevenson Alexander J. , Proctor Martina , Daignault Sheena M. , Walpole Sebastian , Lanagan Catherine , Chen James , Škalamera Dubravka , Spoerri Loredana , Ainger Stephen A. , Sturm Richard A. , Haass Nikolas K. , Gabrielli Brian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitors (CHEK1i) have single-agent activity in vitro and in vivo. Here, we have investigated the molecular basis of this activity.
Experimental Design: We have assessed a panel of melanoma cell lines for their sensitivity to the CHEK1i GNE-323 and GDC-0575 in vitro and in vivo. The effects of these compounds on responses to DNA replication stress were analyzed in the hypersensitive cell lines.
Results: A subset of melanoma cell lines is hypersensitive to CHEK1i-induced cell death in vitro, and the drug effectively inhibits tumor growth in vivo. In the hypersensitive cell lines, GNE-323 triggers cell death without cells entering mitosis. CHEK1i treatment triggers strong RPA2 hyperphosphorylation and increased DNA damage in only hypersensitive cells. The increased replication stress was associated with a defective S-phase cell-cycle checkpoint. The number and intensity of pRPA2 Ser4/8 foci in untreated tumors appeared to be a marker of elevated replication stress correlated with sensitivity to CHEK1i.
Conclusions: CHEK1i have single-agent activity in a subset of melanomas with elevated endogenous replication stress. CHEK1i treatment strongly increased this replication stress and DNA damage, and this correlated with increased cell death. The level of endogenous replication is marked by the pRPA2Ser4/8 foci in the untreated tumors, and may be a useful marker of replication stress in vivo. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2901–12. ©2018 AACR.
p95HER2 Methionine 611 Carboxy-Terminal Fragment Is Predictive of Trastuzumab Adjuvant Treatment Benefit in the FinHer Trial
Authors: Sperinde Jeff , Huang Weidong , Vehtari Aki , Chenna Ahmed , Kellokumpu-Lehtinen Pirkko-Liisa , Winslow John , Bono Petri , Lie Yolanda S. , Petropoulos Christos J. , Weidler Jodi , Joensuu Heikki 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Expression of p95HER2 (p95), a truncated form of the HER2 receptor, which lacks the trastuzumab binding site but retains kinase activity, has been reported as a prognostic biomarker for poor outcomes in patients with trastuzumab-treated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. The impact of p95 expression on trastuzumab treatment efficacy in early HER2-positive breast cancer is less clear. In the current study, p95 was tested as a predictive marker of trastuzumab treatment benefit in the HER2-positive subset of the FinHer adjuvant phase III trial.
Experimental Design: In the FinHer trial, 232 patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer were randomized to receive chemotherapy plus 9 weeks of trastuzumab or no trastuzumab treatment. Quantitative p95 protein expression was measured in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples using the p95 VeraTag assay (Monogram Biosciences), specific for the M611 form of p95. Quantitative HER2 protein expression was measured using the HERmark assay (Monogram Biosciences). Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was used as the primary outcome measure.
Results: In the arm receiving chemotherapy only, increasing log10(p95) correlated with shorter DDFS (HR, 2.0; P = 0.02). In the arm receiving chemotherapy plus trastuzumab (N = 95), increasing log10(p95) was not correlated with a shorter DDFS. In a combined analysis of both treatment arms, high breast tumor p95 content was significantly correlated with trastuzumab treatment benefit in multivariate models (interaction P = 0.01).
Conclusions: A high p95HER2/HER2 ratio identified patients with metastatic breast cancer with poor outcomes on trastuzumab-based therapies. Further investigation of the p95HER2/HER2 ratio as a potential prognostic or predictive biomarker for HER2-targeted therapy is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3046–52. ©2018 AACR.
Association Between 30-Day Episode Payments and Acute Myocardial Infarction Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Wadhera Rishi K. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Wang Yun , Shen Changyu , Bhatt Deepak L. , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Recent policy efforts have focused on improving the value of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) care. Medicare payment programs, for example, increasingly evaluate hospital performance based on spending, as determined by payments made to institutions and providers, and outcome measures for a longitudinal episode of AMI care. Little is known about the relationship between total 30-day payments—both in the inpatient and immediate postdischarge timeframe—and outcomes after an admission for AMI.

Methods and Results:

Using Medicare claims data, we identified Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries ≥65 years of age who were hospitalized at an acute-care hospital for AMI between July 1, 2011, and June 30, 2014, and examined the association between hospital-level 30-day payments for an episode of AMI care and patient 30-day mortality using mixed regression models with a logit link function and random hospital intercepts. Our cohort included 642 105 index hospitalizations for AMI at 2319 acute-care hospitals. Overall mean 30-day episode payments per beneficiary were $22 128 (SD, $1750). The observed 30-day mortality rate was 12.9%. Higher 30-day payments were associated with lower 30-day mortality after adjustment for patient characteristics and comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio for additional $1000 payments, 0.986; 95% confidence interval, 0.979–0.992;
P
<0.001). Additional adjustment for potential mediating factors, including hospital characteristics, coronary revascularization rates, and discharge disposition, did not significantly attenuate the relationship (adjusted odds ratio for additional $1000 payments, 0.987; 95% confidence interval, 0.980–0.994;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
Higher hospital-level 30-day payments—both inpatient and in multiple settings after discharge—for AMI care were associated with lower 30-day mortality among beneficiaries. This may have implications for payment programs that incent reduction in payments without considering value.
Utility-Weighted Modified Rankin Scale as Primary Outcome in Stroke Trials
Authors: Dijkland Simone A. , Voormolen Daphne C. , Venema Esmee , Roozenbeek Bob , Polinder Suzanne , Haagsma Juanita A. , Nieboer Daan , Chalos Vicky , Yoo Albert J. , Schreuders Jennifer , van der Lugt Aad , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. , van Zwam Wim H. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Lingsma Hester F. ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN Investigators*
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—
The utility-weighted modified Rankin Scale (UW-mRS) has been proposed as a new patient-centered primary outcome in stroke trials. We aimed to describe utility weights for the mRS health states and to evaluate the statistical efficiency of the UW-mRS to detect treatment effects in stroke intervention trials.

Methods—

We used data of the 500 patients enrolled in the MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands). Utility values were elicited from the EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire assessed at 90 days after inclusion, simultaneously with the mRS. Utility weights were determined by averaging the utilities of all patients within each mRS category. We performed simulations to evaluate statistical efficiency. The simulated treatment effect was an odds ratio of 1.65 in favor of the treatment arm, similar for all mRS cutoffs. This treatment effect was analyzed using 3 approaches: linear regression with the UW-mRS as outcome, binary logistic regression with a dichotomized mRS (0–1/2–6, 0–2/3–6, and 0–4/5–6), and proportional odds logistic regression with the ordinal mRS. The statistical power of the 3 approaches was expressed as the proportion of 10 000 simulations that resulted in a statistically significant treatment effect (
P
≤0.05).

Results—
The mean utility values (SD) for mRS categories 0 to 6 were: 0.95 (0.08), 0.93 (0.13), 0.83 (0.21), 0.62 (0.27), 0.42 (0.28), 0.11 (0.28), and 0 (0), respectively, but varied substantially between individual patients within each category. The UW-mRS approach was more efficient than the dichotomous approach (power 85% versus 71%) but less efficient than the ordinal approach (power 85% versus 87%).

Conclusions—
The UW-mRS as primary outcome does not capture individual variation in utility values and may reduce the statistical power of a randomized trial.
Role of Surface Enthalpy Fluxes in Idealized Simulations of Tropical Depression Spinup
Authors: Murthy Varun S. , Boos William R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn idealized, three-dimensional, cloud-system-resolving model is used to investigate the influence of surface enthalpy flux variations on tropical depression (TD) spinup, an early stage of tropical cyclogenesis in which the role of surface fluxes remains incompletely understood. A range of simulations supports the hypothesis that a negative radial gradient of surface enthalpy flux outside the storm center is necessary for TD spinup but can arise from multiple mechanisms. The negative radial gradient is typically created by the wind speed dependence of surface enthalpy fluxes, consistent with some previous theories for tropical cyclone intensification. However, when surface enthalpy fluxes are prescribed to be independent of wind speed, spinup still occurs, albeit more slowly, with the negative radial gradient of surface enthalpy flux maintained by an enhanced air–sea thermodynamic disequilibrium beneath the cold core of the incipient vortex. Surface enthalpy flux variations seem more important for intensification than initial conditions. For example, a vortex forms and intensifies even from a state of rest when the center of the domain is initialized to be nearly saturated with water vapor, but this intensification is modest in amplitude and transient, lasting less than 12 h, without interactive surface enthalpy flux. Sustained spinup on time scales longer than a day does not occur when surface enthalpy fluxes are horizontally homogeneous or constant, even when fixed at the high value of 200 W m−2. In the ensemble of simulations presented here, the vortex intensification rate scales linearly with the storm-scale surface enthalpy flux anomaly relative to the undisturbed environment.
Primary Atmospheric Drivers of Pluvial Years in the United States Great Plains
Authors: Flanagan Paul X. , Basara Jeffrey B. , Furtado Jason C. , Xiao Xiangming 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Precipitation variability has increased in recent decades across the Great Plains (GP) of the United States. Drought and its associated drivers have been studied in the GP region; however, periods of excessive precipitation (pluvials) at seasonal to interannual scales have received less attention. This study narrows this knowledge gap with the overall goal of understanding GP precipitation variability during pluvial periods. Through composites of relevant atmospheric variables from the ECMWF twentieth-century reanalysis (ERA-20C), key differences between southern Great Plains (SGP) and northern Great Plains (NGP) pluvial periods are highlighted. The SGP pluvial pattern shows an area of negative height anomalies over the southwestern United States with wind anomalies consistent with frequent synoptic wave passages along a southward-shifted North Pacific jet. The NGP pattern during pluvial periods, by contrast, depicts anomalously low heights in the northwestern United States and an anomalously extended Pacific jet. Analysis of daily heavy precipitation events reveals the key drivers for these pluvial events, namely, an east–west height gradient and associated stronger poleward moisture fluxes. Therefore, the results show that pluvial years over the GP are likely driven by synoptic-scale processes rather than by anomalous seasonal precipitation driven by longer time-scale features. Overall, the results present a possible pathway to predicting the occurrence of pluvial years over the GP and understanding the causes of GP precipitation variability, potentially mitigating the threats of water scarcity and excesses for the public and agricultural sectors.
Workarounds to Intended Use of Health Information Technology: A Narrative Review of the Human Factors Engineering Literature
Authors: Patterson Emily S. 
Published: March 2018

Objective To integrate and synthesize insights from recent studies of workarounds to the intended use of health information technology (HIT) by health care professionals. Background Systems are safest when the documentation of how work is done in policies and procedures closely matches what people actually do when they are working. Proactively identifying and managing workarounds to the intended use of technology, including deviations from expected workflows, can improve system safety. Method A narrative review of studies of workarounds with HIT was conducted to identify themes in the literature. Results Three themes were identified: (1) Users circumvented new additional steps in the workflow when using HIT, (2) interdisciplinary team members communicated via HIT in text fields that were intended for other purposes, and (3) locally developed paper-based and manual whiteboard systems were used instead of HIT to support situation awareness of individuals and groups; an example of a locally developed system was handwritten notes about a patient on a piece of paper folded up and carried in a nurse’s pocket. Conclusion Workarounds were employed to avoid changes to workflow, enable interdisciplinary communication, coordinate activities, and have real-time portable access to summarized and synthesized information. Application Implications for practice include providing summary overview displays, explicitly supporting role-based communication and coordination through HIT, and reducing the risk to reputation due to electronic monitoring of individual performance.
Six hours of task-oriented training optimizes walking competency post stroke: a randomized controlled trial in the public health-care system of South Africa
Authors: Knox Megan , Stewart Aimee , Richards Carol L 
Published: March 2018

Objective: To evaluate a minimal dose intervention of six 1-hour sessions of task-oriented circuit gait training including a caregiver over a 12-week period to persons post stroke in the South African public health sector. Design: Stratified, single blinded, randomized controlled trial with three intervention groups. Participants: Persons post stroke ( n = 144, mean age 50 years, 72 women), mean 9.5 weeks post stroke. Interventions: Task group ( n = 51)—accompanied by a caregiver; task-oriented circuit gait training (to improve strength, balance, and task performance while standing and walking). Strength group ( n = 45); strength training of lower extremities while sitting and lying. Control group ( n = 48); one 90-minute educational session on stroke management. Measures: The six-minute walk test (6MinWT) was the primary outcome; the secondary outcomes included comfortable and fast gait speeds, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG). Particpants evaluated at baseline, post intervention (12 weeks), and at follow-up 12 weeks later. Change scores were compared using generalized repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Task group change scores for all outcomes post intervention and at follow-up were improved compared to the other groups ( P-values between 0.000005 and 0.04). The change scores (mean, 1SD) between baseline and follow-up for the Task, Strength, and Control groups, respectively, were as follows: 6MinWT:119.52 m (81.92), 81.05 m (79.53), and 60.99 m (68.38); comfortable speed 0.35 m/s (0.23), 0.24 m/s (0.22), and 0.19 m/s (0.21); BBS: 9.94 (7.72), 6.93 (6.01), and 5.19 (4.80); and TUG: –14.24 seconds (16.86), –6.49 seconds (9.88), and –5.65 seconds (8.10). Conclusion: Results support the efficacy of a minimal dose task-oriented circuit training program with caregiver help to enhance locomotor recovery and walking competency in these persons with stroke.