bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trap Height Affects Catches of Bark and Woodboring Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Cerambycidae) in Baited Multiple-Funnel Traps in Southeastern United States
Authors: Miller D R , Crowe C M , Sweeney J D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In north-central Georgia, trap height affected catches of some species of bark and woodboring beetles (Coleoptera) in traps baited with lures used in surveillance programs to detect non-native forest insects. Traps were placed within the canopy and understory of mature oak trees (Quercus spp.) with collection cups placed 18–23 m above ground level (AGL), and 0.3–0.5 m AGL, respectively. Traps were baited with ethanol to target ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in one experiment, ethanol + syn-2,3-hexanediol + racemic 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one + racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one to target hardwood woodborers (Cerambycidae) in a second experiment, and α-pinene + racemic ipsenol + racemic ipsdienol to target pine bark beetles (Curculionidae) and woodborers (Cerambycidae) in a third experiment. Canopy traps were more effective than understory traps for detecting Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford) (Curculionidae), Neoclytus scutellaris (Olivier), and Monochamus titillator (F.) (Cerambycidae). The reverse was true for Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) (Curculionidae), and Neoclytus acuminatus (F.) (Cerambycidae). Catches of a third group which included Hylobius pales (Herbst), Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae), Neoclytus mucronatus (F.), and Anelaphus pumilus (Newman) (Cerambycidae) were largely unaffected by trap height. Similar patterns were noted for species of Cleridae, Scarabaeidae, Trogossitidae, and Zopheridae but not Histeridae or Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). Catches of the bee assassin Apiomerus crassipes (F.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in traps baited with the hardwood borer blend were greater in canopy traps than in understory traps.
The A to B of starch granule formation in wheat endosperm
Authors: Lloyd James R 
Published: September 2019

This article comments on:Chia T, Chirico M, King R et al. 2019. A carbohydrate-binding protein, B-granule content 1 influences starch granule-size distribution in a dose dependent manner in polyploid wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 70, 105–115.
A new method for target selection in direct imaging programmes with COPAINS
Authors: Fontanive C , Mužić K , Bonavita M , Biller B 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present COPAINS (Code for Orbital Parametrization of Astrometrically Inferred New Systems), an innovative tool developed to identify previously undiscovered companions detectable via direct imaging, based on changes in stellar proper motions across multiple astrometric catalogues. This powerful procedure allows for dynamical predictions of the possible masses and separations of unseen companions compatible with observed astrometric trends, marginalized over unknown orbital elements. Validating our approach using well-constrained systems, we found that our tool provides a good indication of the region of the parameter space where undetected secondaries may be located. Comparing the output of the code to the measured or expected sensitivity from various imaging instruments, this in turn enables us to robustly select the most promising targets for direct imaging campaigns searching for low-mass companions. Such an informed selection method promises to reduce the null detection rates from current programmes and will significantly increase the current census of wide brown dwarfs and planetary companions to stars, which remain extremely rare in the surveys conducted so far.
The orbital content of bars: the origin of ‘non-x1-tree’, bar-supporting orbits
Authors: Patsis P A , Athanassoula E 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Recently, many orbital studies in barred galaxy potentials have revealed the existence of orbits that are not trapped around x1-tree orbits, but could be potentially appropriate building blocks for bars. These findings question the uniqueness of the x1 family as the standard paradigm of orbital motion in galactic bars. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the role that such orbits could play in shaping the morphology of bars. We trace the morphological patterns appearing in the face-on and edge-on views of the non-periodic orbits presented in these studies and we show that they are introduced in the system by second type (‘deuxième genre’) bifurcations of x1. For this purpose, we use a typical 3D Ferrers bar model and follow the radial and vertical bifurcations of the x1 family considered as being mul-periodic, with mul = 2, 3, 5. The variation of the stability indices of x1 in the mul = 2, 3 cases gives us also the 4- and 6-periodic orbits, respectively. We tabulate these orbits including all information necessary to assess their role as appropriate building blocks. We discuss their stability and their extent, as well as their size and morphological evolution, as a function of energy. We conclude that even the most important of the mul-periodic orbits presented in Tables 2–5 are less appropriate building blocks for bars than the families of the x1-tree at the same energy.
Desorption of N2, CO, CH4, and CO2 from interstellar carbonaceous dust analogues
Authors: Maté B , Jimenez-Redondo M , Peláez R J , Tanarro I , Herrero V J 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe interaction of volatile species with carbonaceous interstellar dust analogues is of relevance in the chemistry and physics of dense clouds in the interstellar medium. Two deposits of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (HAC), with different morphologies and aromatic versus aliphatic ratio in their structure, have been grown to model interstellar dust. The interaction of N2, CO, CH4, and CO2 with these two surfaces has been investigated using thermal programmed desorption (TPD). Desorption energy distributions were obtained by analysing TPD spectra for one monolayer coverage with the Polanyi–Wigner equation. The desorption energies found in this work for N2, CO, and CH4 are larger by 10–20 per cent than those reported in the literature for siliceous or amorphous solid water surfaces. Moreover, the experiments suggest that the interaction of the volatiles with the aromatic substructure of HAC is stronger than that with the aliphatic part. Desorption of CO2 from the HAC surfaces follows zero-order kinetics, reflecting the predominance of CO2–CO2 interactions. A model simulation of the heating of cold cloud cores shows that the volatiles considered in this work would desorb sequentially from carbonaceous dust surfaces with desorption times ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands of years, depending on the molecule and on the mass of the core.
The Genome of the Endangered Dryas Monkey Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of the Vervets
Authors: van der Valk Tom , Gonda Catalina M , Silegowa Henri , Almanza Sandra , Sifuentes-Romero Itzel , Hart Terese B , Hart John A , Detwiler Kate M , Guschanski Katerina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGenomic data can be a powerful tool for inferring ecology, behavior, and conservation needs of highly elusive species, particularly, when other sources of information are hard to come by. Here, we focus on the Dryas monkey (Cercopithecus dryas), an endangered primate endemic to the Congo Basin with cryptic behavior and possibly &lt;250 remaining adult individuals. Using whole-genome sequencing data, we show that the Dryas monkey represents a sister lineage to the vervets (Chlorocebus sp.) and has diverged from them ∼1.4 Ma with additional bidirectional gene flow ∼750,000–∼500,000 years ago that has likely involved the crossing of the Congo River. Together with evidence of gene flow across the Congo River in bonobos and okapis, our results suggest that the fluvial topology of the Congo River might have been more dynamic than previously recognized. Despite the presence of several homozygous loss-of-function mutations in genes associated with sperm mobility and immunity, we find high genetic diversity and low levels of inbreeding and genetic load in the studied Dryas monkey individual. This suggests that the current population carries sufficient genetic variability for long-term survival and might be larger than currently recognized. We thus provide an example of how genomic data can directly improve our understanding of highly elusive species.
Urinary N7-(1-hydroxy-3-buten-2-yl) guanine adducts in humans: temporal stability and association with smoking
Authors: Jokipii Krueger Caitlin C , Madugundu Guru , Degner Amanda , Patel Yesha , Stram Daniel O , Church Timothy R , Tretyakova Natalia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a known human carcinogen found in cigarette smoke, automobile exhaust, and urban air. Workers occupationally exposed to BD in the workplace have an increased incidence of leukemia and lymphoma. BD undergoes cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic activation to 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EB), 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) and 1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxybutane (EBD), which form covalent adducts with DNA. We have previously reported a quantitative nanoLC/ESI+-HRMS3 method for urinary N7-(1-hydroxy-3-buten-2-yl) guanine (EB-GII) adducts as a mechanism-based biomarker of BD exposure. In the present study, the method was updated to include high throughput 96-well solid phase extraction (SPE) and employed to establish urinary EB-GII biomarker stability and association with smoking. Urinary EB-GII levels were measured bimonthly for 1 year in 19 smokers to determine whether single adduct measurement provides reliable levels of EB-GII in an individual smoker. In addition, association of EB-GII with smoking was studied in 17 individuals participating in a smoking cessation program. EB-GII levels decreased 34% upon smoking cessation, indicating that it is associated with smoking status, but may also originate from sources other than exposure to cigarette smoke.
Evidence of Partisan Agenda Fragmentation in the American Public, 1959–2015
Authors: Gruszczynski Mike 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This research examines the extent to which partisan agenda fragmentation is occurring within the American public. Though numerous scholars of public opinion and political communication have warned of the deleterious effects of agenda fragmentation, to this point such fragmentation has been demonstrated only across a small number of issues over short periods of time. This research is the first to utilize both a large set of issues and a long time frame to assess the state of partisan agendas from 1959 to 2015 through the use of individual-level Gallup’s “Most Important Problem” polls. Findings show that the public agenda has fragmented on a large number of issues, in terms of both the level of and shifts in attention that partisans accord to issues of the day. Additionally, this research highlights the importance of recent increases in agenda diversity and carrying capacity to fragmentation, demonstrating that while the presence of large, obtrusive issues tends to be associated with correspondence in partisan agendas, the ordering of partisan issue agendas has decoupled substantially in recent decades.
Incidence of myocardial infarction and associated mortality varies by latitude and season: findings from a Swedish Registry Study
Authors: Harvey Nicholas C , Lorentzon Mattias , Kanis John A , McCloskey Eugene , Johansson Helena 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
We investigated whether the incidence of death following myocardial infarction (MI) varied by season and latitude in the Swedish population.

Methods
We studied deaths following MI from January 1987 to December 2009, using the Swedish National Cause of Death Register. County of residence was used to determine latitude and population density. An extension of Poisson regression was used to study the relationship between risk of death following MI with age, latitude, time (from 1987), population density and calendar days.

Results
Over the study period, there was a secular decrease in the incidence of MI-related death. In men, MI-related death incidence increased by 1.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–1.5] per degree of latitude (northwards). In women, MI-related death incidence increased by 0.6% (95% CI = 0.4–0.9) per degree of latitude. There was seasonal variation in the risk of MI-related death with peak values in the late winter and a nadir in the summer months in both the north and the south of Sweden. Findings were similar with incident MI as the outcome.

Conclusions
The incidence of MI-related death varied markedly by season and latitude in Sweden, with summer months and more southerly latitude associated with lower rates than winter months and more northerly latitude.
Priscilla Wordsworth’s Pocketbook Diaries and Interfaces of Subjectivity
Authors: Eckert Lindsey 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Pocketbook diaries were one of the most pervasive platforms for autobiography in Britain throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The relative standardization of the genre’s bibliographic and textual elements encouraged users to record their lives in discrete day-by-day blocks and their finances in neat columns. As culturally ubiquitous interfaces, pocketbooks had the potential to shape the records that users wrote in them as well as, this article argues, users themselves. I draw on the case study of Priscilla Wordsworth’s pocketbooks from the early 1800s, contextualizing them alongside other largely unknown female diarists from the period. I show that, in addition to the content of diary entries, the way Wordsworth and others interact with the material and cultural expectations of their pocketbooks reveals much about pocketbooks’ affordances and their potential to influence their users. This article suggests that the interfaces that people used might affect not only their interactions with a particular interface—such as a pocketbook—but also their sense of self. Employing theories of interface design often applied to digital media, this article offers connections between old and new media and within scholarship on media studies, book history, and material culture.
Exosomes in intercellular communication and implications for osteoarthritis
Authors: Asghar Sabha , Litherland Gary J , Lockhart John C , Goodyear Carl S , Crilly Anne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent of the musculoskeletal conditions and represents a significant public health burden. While degeneration of articular cartilage is a key feature, it is now increasingly recognized as a complex condition affecting the whole joint, with synovial inflammation present in a significant proportion of patients. As a secretory tissue, the OA synovium is a rich source of both soluble inflammatory mediators and extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, which have been implicated in cell–cell communication. Exosome cargo has been found to include proteins, lipids and various RNA subtypes such as mRNA and miRNA, potentially capable of regulating gene expression in target cells and tissues. Profiling of exosome cargo and understanding effects on cartilage could elucidate novel regulatory mechanisms within the joint, providing insight for targeted treatment. The aim of this article is to review current literature on exosome biology, highlighting the relevance and application for OA pathogenesis.
How Consistent Is Competent? Examining Variance in Psychomotor Skills Assessment
Authors: Labbé Mathilde , Young Meredith , Mascarella Marco , Husein Murad , Doyle Philip C. , Nguyen Lily H.P. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Direct assessment of trainee performance across time is a core tenet of competency-based medical education. Unlike variability of psychomotor skills across levels of expertise, performance variability exhibited by a particular trainee across time remains unexplored. The goal of this study was to document the consistency of individual surgeons’ technical skill performance.

Method
A secondary analysis of assessment data (collected in 2010–2012, originally published in 2015) generated by a prospective cohort of participants at Montreal Children’s Hospital with differing levels of expertise was conducted in 2017. Trained raters scored blinded recordings of a myringotomy and tube insertion performed 4 times by junior and senior residents and attending surgeons over a 6-month period using a previously reported assessment tool. Descriptive exploratory analyses and univariate comparison of standard deviations (SDs) were conducted to document variability within individuals across time and across training levels.

Results
Thirty-six assessments from 9 participants were analyzed. The SD of scores for junior residents was highly variable (5.8 out of a scale of 30 compared with 1.8 for both senior residents and attendings [F(2,19) = 5.68, P < 0.05]). For a given individual, the range of scores was twice as large for junior residents than for senior residents and attendings.

Conclusions
Surgical residents may display highly variable performances across time, and individual variability appears to decrease with increasing expertise. Operative skill variability could be underrepresented in direct observation assessment; emphasis on an adequate amount of repetitive evaluations for junior residents may be needed to support judgments of competence or entrustment.
Health Care in the United States: Individual Right or Government Duty?
Authors: Holtzman Jessica N. , Schwartzstein Richard M. 
Published: September 2019

The authors discuss the notion of health care as a governmental duty rather than a right of individuals. The notion of individual rights was proposed by political philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries, who posited that people existed in a state of nature before coming together to form communities. Members of communities relinquish certain freedoms in exchange for services provided by government, including protection of the natural rights of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” In this tradition, there are natural rights that exist before government and must be protected from government infringement. The U.S. Constitution almost exclusively enshrines negative rights, which protect natural rights from government interference. Rights belong to individuals, whereas the government has duties to provide services, such as basic education, that society deems to be important. The discussion of health care as a positive right, one requiring government to provide citizens with services, runs counter to this tradition of natural rights.
The authors propose that reframing the discussion to see universal access to health care as an obligation of government, rather than a right of individuals, will center the discussion more accurately within U.S. political tradition. This may drain the emotional charge associated with claims to “rights” from public debate and allow for productive negotiations over the extent of health care appropriate for government to provide, within the context of the other obligations that form the social contract between the citizenry and its government.
Teaching Professionalism in Postgraduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Berger Arielle S. , Niedra Elizabeth , Brooks Stephanie G. , Ahmed Waleed S. , Ginsburg Shiphra 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis systematic review sought to summarize published professionalism curricula in postgraduate medical education (PGME) and identify best practices for teaching professionalism.MethodThree databases (MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC) were searched for articles published from 1980 through September 7, 2017. English-language articles were included if they (1) described an educational intervention addressing professionalism, (2) included postgraduate medical trainees, and (3) evaluated professionalism outcomes.ResultsOf 3,383 articles identified, 50 were included in the review. The majority evaluated pre- and posttests for a single group (24, 48%). Three (6%) were randomized controlled trials. The most common teaching modality was small-group discussions (28, 56%); other methods included didactics, reflection, and simulations. Half (25, 50%) used multiple modalities. The professionalism topics most commonly addressed were professional values/behavior (42, 84%) and physician well-being (23, 46%). Most studies measured self-reported outcomes (attitude and behavior change) (27, 54%). Eight (16%) evaluated observed behavior and 3 (6%) evaluated patient outcomes. Of 35 studies that evaluated statistical significance, 20 (57%) reported statistically significant positive effects. Interventions targeting improvements in knowledge were most often effective (8/12, 67%). Curriculum duration was not associated with effectiveness. The 45 quantitative studies were of moderate quality (Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument mean score = 10.3).ConclusionsMany published curricula addressing professionalism in PGME are effective. Significant heterogeneity in curricular design and outcomes assessed made it difficult to synthesize results to identify best practices. Future work should build upon these curricula to improve the quality and validity of professionalism teaching tools.
Airway Pressure Release Ventilation in Adult Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Lim Jolene , Litton Edward 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of airway pressure release ventilation in critically ill adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Data Sources:
A systematic literature search of MEDLINE via PUBMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, published conference proceedings and abstracts, reference lists of eligible studies and review articles, and hand searches of relevant journals and trial registers.

Study Selection:
Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials published between years 2000 and 2018, comparing airway pressure release ventilation to any ventilation mode, in critically ill adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and reporting at least one mortality outcome.

Data Extraction:
Screened citations were reviewed and extracted independently by two investigators onto a prespecified proforma.

Data Synthesis:
There were 412 patients from seven randomized controlled trials included in the qualitative and quantitative data synthesis. Airway pressure release ventilation was associated with a significant mortality benefit (relative risk, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48–0.94; I
2 < 0.1%; p = 0.97) and improvement in day 3 Pao
2/Fio
2 ratio (weighted mean difference, 60.4; 95% CI, 10.3–110.5). There was no significant difference in requirement to initiate rescue treatments including inhaled pulmonary vasodilators, prone positioning, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (relative risk, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.22–1.21; I
2 = 64.7%; p = 0.04). The risk of barotrauma was only reported in three studies and did not differ between groups (relative risk, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.12–1.19; I
2 < 0.1%; p = 0.99).

Conclusions:
In adult patients requiring mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxic respiratory failure, airway pressure release ventilation is associated with a mortality benefit and improved oxygenation when compared with conventional ventilation strategies. Given the limited number of patients enrolled in the available studies, larger multicenter studies are required to validate these findings.