bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Modulations of Ionospheric Solar and Lunar Migrating Tides During the 2009 Stratospheric Sudden Warming by Using Global Ionosphere Specification
Authors: Lin J. T. , Lin C. H. , Lin C. Y. , Pedatella N. M. , Rajesh P. K. , Matsuo T. , Liu J. Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, Global Ionosphere Specification (GIS) based on Gauss‐Markov Kalman filter assimilation of slant total electron content observed from ground‐based global positioning system receivers and space‐based radio occultation instrumentations is applied to investigate the ionospheric day‐to‐day tidal variability during the 2009 stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) period. Including the improved daily three‐dimensional global electron density distribution from GIS enables us to retrieve the daily solar tidal solution by using least squares tidal analysis. We find prominent reductions followed by enhancements in the amplitude of the solar semidiurnal migrating tide (SW2) after the peak warming, with recurrent phase variations occurring at low magnetic latitudes over a period of about 15 days. This is close to the beating period (15.13 day) between SW2 and lunar semidiurnal (M2), thus suggesting the existence of strong M2, and our results demonstrate that the intensification of M2 exists only during the SSW period. Additionally, M2 acts as the key contributor to make the semidiurnal ionospheric perturbations shift toward later local times. Our tidal analyses of daily GIS thus provide evidence for the combined impact of amplitudes and phases of the SW2 and M2 in producing semidiurnal variations in ionosphere during the 2009 SSW.
Quantification of Vegetation Arrangement and Its Effects on Longitudinal Dispersion in a Channel
Authors: Park Hyoungchul , Hwang Jin Hwan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn nature, aquatic vegetation is one of the important factors—along with hydraulic characteristics and geometric configuration—determining the dispersion of scalars. Previous research has studied the effects of vegetation on longitudinal dispersion, varying plant population with uniform arrangement. However, since vegetation grows more often in clumped and heterogeneous rather than uniform patterns, the present work investigates the effects of the vegetation arrangement on the flows characteristics such as longitudinal dispersion, mean velocities, and drag coefficients. Several types of vegetation arrangement are described with the isometric and allometric concept and quantified with the standardized Morisita index. Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate variations of hydraulic parameters and longitudinal dispersion coefficients according to vegetation arrangements, which were quantified with the standardized Morisita index. The hydraulic parameters of mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and drag depend on the vegetation arrangements, and in particular, the longitudinal dispersion coefficient varies with these arrangements by a factor of 4 or more.
Multilayered skyscraper microchips fabricated by hybrid “all-in-one” femtosecond laser processing
Authors: Wang Chaowei , Yang Liang , Zhang Chenchu , Rao Shenglong , Wang Yulong , Wu Sizhu , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru , Sugioka Koji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultilayered microfluidic channels integrated with functional microcomponents are the general trend of future biochips, which is similar to the history of Si-integrated circuits from the planer to the three-dimensional (3D) configuration, since they offer miniaturization while increasing the integration degree and diversifying the applications in the reaction, catalysis, and cell cultures. In this paper, an optimized hybrid processing technology is proposed to create true multilayered microchips, by which “all-in-one” 3D microchips can be fabricated with a successive procedure of 3D glass micromachining by femtosecond-laser-assisted wet etching (FLAE) and the integration of microcomponents into the fabricated microchannels by two-photon polymerization (TPP). To create the multilayered microchannels at different depths in glass substrates (the top layer was embedded at 200 μm below the surface, and the underlying layers were constructed with a 200-μm spacing) with high uniformity and quality, the laser power density (13~16.9 TW/cm2) was optimized to fabricate different layers. To simultaneously complete the etching of each layer, which is also important to ensure the high uniformity, the control layers (nonlaser exposed regions) were prepared at the upper ends of the longitudinal channels. Solvents with different dyes were used to verify that each layer was isolated from the others. The high-quality integration was ensured by quantitatively investigating the experimental conditions in TPP, including the prebaking time (18~40 h), laser power density (2.52~3.36 TW/cm2) and developing time (0.8~4 h), all of which were optimized for each channel formed at different depths. Finally, the eight-layered microfluidic channels integrated with polymer microstructures were successfully fabricated to demonstrate the unique capability of this hybrid technique.
Signal Interpretation Considerations When Estimating Subglottal Pressure From Oral Air Pressure
Authors: Perrine Brittany L. , Scherer Ronald C. , Whitfield Jason A. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeOral air pressure measurements during lip occlusion for /pVpV/ syllable strings are used to estimate subglottal pressure during the vowel. Accuracy of this method relies on smoothly produced syllable repetitions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral air pressure waveform during the /p/ lip occlusions and propose physiological explanations for nonflat shapes.MethodTen adult participants were trained to produce the “standard condition” and were instructed to produce nonstandard tasks. Results from 8 participants are included. The standard condition required participants to produce /pːiːpːiː.../ syllables smoothly at approximately 1.5 syllables/s. The nonstandard tasks included an air leak between the lips, faster syllable repetition rates, an initial voiced consonant, and 2-syllable word productions.ResultsEleven oral air pressure waveform shapes were identified during the lip occlusions, and plausible physiological explanations for each shape are provided based on the tasks in which they occurred. Training the use of the standard condition, the initial voice consonant condition, and the 2-syllable word production increased the likelihood of rectangular oral air pressure waveform shapes. Increasing the rate beyond 1.5 syllables/s improved the probability of producing rectangular oral air pressure signal shapes in some participants.ConclusionsVisual and verbal feedback improved the likelihood of producing rectangular oral air pressure signal shapes. The physiological explanations of variations in the oral air pressure waveform shape may provide direction to the clinician or researcher when providing feedback to increase the accuracy of estimating subglottal pressure from oral air pressure.
Narrative as a Critical Context for Advanced Language Development in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hewitt Lynne E. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis review details characteristics of narrative language that make it a critical context for advanced language development in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The nature of narrative as a form of communication is outlined, for both fiction and narratives of personal experience. The literature on narrative ability, assessment, and intervention in children and adolescents with ASD is reviewed, and guidance for clinical work with adolescents with ASD is provided.MethodThis report details the results of a narrative review; the work contextualizes findings related to ASD within the broader context of the nature of narrative and how narrative can pose unique challenges for those with ASD owing to social-cognitive concerns in ASD. The article presents an overview of the literature investigating narrative ability in adolescents and children with ASD, including clinical literature detailing assessment and intervention in this area. Information was organized relative to types of narrative to derive guidelines for best practice.ConclusionsAdvanced narrative language is a critical context for later language development, because of its curricular importance and because it provides a significant context for abstract, advanced linguistic structures, social learning, and perspective taking. Narratives of personal experience are central to interactions in a variety of social contexts. The literature shows weaker literacy abilities, especially in more complex contexts, in children and adolescents with ASD and difficulty relative to controls in telling narratives of personal experience. The clinical literature is sparse regarding narrative intervention for adolescents with ASD, but some guidance from small-scale studies is available.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection of polyps involving the appendiceal orifice: a prospective observational case study
Authors: Bronzwaer Maxime E.S. , Bastiaansen Barbara A.J. , Koens Lianne , Dekker Evelien , Fockens Paul 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Colorectal polyps involving the appendiceal orifice (AO) are difficult to resect with conventional polypectomy techniques and therefore often require surgical intervention. These appendiceal polyps could potentially be removed with endoscopic full-thickness resection (eFTR) performed with a full-thickness resection device (FTRD). The aim of this prospective observational case study was to evaluate feasibility, technical success and safety of eFTR procedures involving the AO.
Patients and methods This study was performed between November 2016 and December 2017 in a tertiary referral center by two experienced endoscopists. All patients referred for eFTR with a polyp involving the AO that could not be resected by EMR due to more than 50 % circumferential involvement of the AO or deep extension into the AO were included. The only exclusion criterion was lesion diameter > 20 mm.
Results Seven patients underwent eFTR for a polyp involving the AO. All target lesions could be reached with the FTRD and retracted into the device. Technical success with an endoscopic radical en-bloc and full-thickness resection was achieved in all cases. Histopathological R0 resection was achieved in 85.7 % of patients (6/7). One patient who previously underwent an appendectomy developed a small abscess adjacent to the resection site, which was treated conservatively. Another patient developed secondary appendicitis followed by a laparoscopic appendectomy.
Conclusion This small exploratory study suggests that eFTR of appendiceal polyps is feasible and can offer a minimally invasive approach for radical resection of these lesions. However, more safety and long-term follow-up data are needed to evaluate this evolving technique.
Identification of intestinal abnormalities in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis using small bowel capsule endoscopy
Authors: Saitou Miwako , Nemoto Daiki , Utano Kenichi , Suzuki Tomoko , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Togashi Kazutomo , Niitsuma Katsunao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and study aims Mycobacterium tuberculosis is often detected in the feces of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. However, no study has examined the small intestine using small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). This study aimed to investigate intestinal abnormalities in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.Patients and methods SBCE was performed in sputum/feces smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. From December 2013 to November 2016, 15 patients were enrolled from a dedicated tuberculous ward. The primary outcome was intestinal abnormalities identified by SBCE.Results Fourteen patients (median age 81 years, range 29 – 91; 3 female) underwent SBCE to the terminal ileum. The video was not recorded for one patient who was excluded from the analysis. Intestinal lesions, including 5 annular ulcers in 4 patients, were observed in 64 % (9/14). In subgroup analysis, prevalence tended to be higher in patients undergoing SBCE within 1 month of anti-tuberculous therapy (P = 0.051). Distribution of small intestinal lesions tended to be distal. Four of five annular ulcers were located close to the ileocecal valve.Conclusion Prevalence of intestinal lesions in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is higher than expected before (UMIN 000017292)
Haptic feedback is useful in remote manipulation of flexible endoscopes
Authors: Kume Keiichiro , Sakai Nobuo , Goto Takaaki 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims We developed the Endoscopic Operation Robot (EOR) version 3, offering built-in haptic feedback and manipulation of the entire scope with one hand. Manipulation of the flexible endoscope is done entirely remotely. However, inclusion of haptic feedback places a huge burden on the system. Our purpose in this study was to determine whether haptic feedback is needed in remote manipulation of a flexible endoscope.
Methods Five endoscopists performed total colonoscopy using a colonoscopy training model. A trial was conducted in which the endoscope was inserted up to the cecum five times with haptic feedback and five times without haptic feedback. Insertion time, maximum and mean haptic force, and incidence of sigmoid colon overstretching were compared between groups.
Results Insertion time was significantly shorter with haptic feedback than without, and overstretching of the sigmoid colon was less frequent. Insertion could thus be performed without using excessive force.
Conclusion Haptic feedback is useful for remote control manipulation of flexible endoscopes.
Psychotherapie im Mausmodell
Authors: Spitzer Manfred 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungIn einem Mausmodell der Angstkonditionierung und des Verlernens der Angst durch alternierende bilaterale Stimulation (ABS) wurde dem Wirkungsmechanismus der mittlerweile gut etablierten Therapieform EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) zur Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsreaktion (PTBS) nachgegangen. Hierdurch wurde nicht nur gezeigt, dass alternierende bilaterale Stimulation eine notwendige Bedingung für eine schnellere und länger anhaltende Wirksamkeit des Verlernens von Angst im Vergleich zum reinen Extinktionslernen (ohne ABS) darstellt, sondern auch, dass es sich um eine hinreichende Bedingung handelt (u. a. durch Simulation der ABS mittels optogenetischer Stimulation des Colliculus superior). Das damit vorliegende kausale Modell erscheint vor allem für die weitere Erforschung der Mechanismen von Psychotherapie im Tiermodell und für die Hypothesengenerierung bei Forschung am Menschen bedeutsam.
Editorial
Authors: Reimer Jens 
Published: May 2019

Sehr geehrte Leserinnen und Leser,benötigen abhängige Menschen Fürsorge oder dürfen wir Abstinenz als Leistung von Ihnen erwarten? Die Autoren Fleckenstein, Heer, Leiberg, Gex-Fabry und Lüddeckens aus Gontenschwil bzw. Lenzburg (Schweiz) haben die Frage für sich mit der leistungssensiblen Suchttherapie beantwortet. Nicht im Sinne einer Dichotomie, sondern im Sinne der Anerkennung von Abstinenz als Leistung und Integration dieser Haltung in therapeutische Konzepte.
Mikro-CT-Untersuchung zum Einfluss der mechanischen Belastung auf den Mikrospalt in der Implantat-Abutment-Verbindung
Authors: Freifrau von Maltzahn Nadine , Stietsch Meike , Eisenburger Michael 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einführung Ziel dieser Studie war es, bei 5 verschiedenen Implantatsystemen mit Innen- oder Außenverbindung die Mikrospaltgröße zwischen Implantat und Abutment vor und nach mechanischer Belastung im Mikro-CT zu untersuchen.
Material und Methode Die Probekörper wurden in einer zylindrischen Form in Polyurethan eingebettet. Die entsprechenden Abutments wurden im Anschluss mit Drehmoment laut Herstellerangaben fixiert. Die Probekörper wurden mit 1 × 106 Zyklen im Kausimulator mit einer Kraft von 200 N mechanisch belastet. Von jedem Implantat wurden vor und nach der Belastung Aufnahmen im Mikro-CT bei einer Auflösung von 2 µm angefertigt und hinsichtlich einer Veränderung der Mikrospaltgröße an der Fügefläche untersucht.
Ergebnisse Unter den Belastungsbedingungen von 200 N konnte bei einem der Implantatsysteme mit Außenverbindung eine Veränderung der Fügestelle zwischen Implantat und Abutment beobachtet werden, keine Veränderung wurde bei den Implantatsystemen mit Innenverbindung sowie mit der zweiten untersuchten Außenverbindung festgestellt.
Schlussfolgerung Mechanische Belastungen können die Mikrospaltgröße zwischen Implantat und Abutment beeinflussen. Der Verbindungstyp der Komponenten scheint dabei einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Größe des Fügespalts zu haben.
Extended Postoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics with First-Generation Cephalosporin Do Not Reduce the Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection following Aseptic Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kuo Feng-Chih , Lin Po-Chun , Bell Kerri L. , Ko Jih-Yang , Wang Ching-Jen , Wang Jun-Wen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPostoperative prophylactic antibiotics administered within 24 hours of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been documented to prevent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, the effectiveness of this regimen is still unclear in aseptic revision TKA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether extended postoperative prophylactic antibiotics would reduce the PJI rate compared with the current 24-hour standard postoperative prophylactic antibiotics after aseptic revision TKA. A retrospective review of 236 patients (46 men, 190 women, 252 knees) who underwent aseptic revision TKA between 2005 and 2013 was conducted. Patients who underwent septic revision, had a positive intraoperative culture, or who had less than 2 years of follow-up were excluded. Patients were divided according to the duration of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics to standard group (76 knees, ≤ 24 hours) or extended group (176 knees, > 24 hours). PJI was determined by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed. The mean follow-up was 5.2 ± 2.5 years. Patients with extended postoperative prophylactic antibiotics had a lower PJI rate (1.1%) compared with standard group (3.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.14). Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 was the only independent risk factor of PJI (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 9.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–86.04, p = 0.043). The use of extended postoperative prophylactic antibiotics was not a risk factor for PJI (adjusted HR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.06–2.04, p = 0.238). After 10 years, the two groups had similar infection-free implant survival rate (95.9 vs. 98.9%, p = 0.15). Our findings demonstrate that extended postoperative prophylactic antibiotics did not reduce PJI rate compared with the standard group in aseptic revision TKA. A further prospective, randomized study with a standardized postoperative antibiotic protocol is necessary to address this topic. Level of evidence is prognostic Level III.
Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Huppert Laura , Matthay Michael , Ware Lorraine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute respiratory failure caused by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite five decades of basic and clinical research, there is still no effective pharmacotherapy for this condition and the treatment remains primarily supportive. It is critical to study the molecular and physiologic mechanisms that cause ARDS to improve our understanding of this syndrome and reduce mortality. The goal of this review is to describe our current understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS. First, we will describe how pulmonary edema fluid accumulates in ARDS due to lung inflammation and increased alveolar endothelial and epithelial permeabilities. Next, we will review how pulmonary edema fluid is normally cleared in the uninjured lung, and describe how these pathways are disrupted in ARDS. Finally, we will explain how clinical trials and preclinical studies of novel therapeutic agents have further refined our understanding of this condition, highlighting, in particular, the study of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of ARDS.
Prone Positioning in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Gattinoni Luciano , Busana Mattia , Giosa Lorenzo , Macrì Matteo , Quintel Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProne positioning is nowadays considered as one of the most effective strategies for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The evolution of the pathophysiological understanding surrounding the prone position closely follows the history of ARDS. At the beginning, the focus of the prone position was the improvement in oxygenation attributed to a perfusion redistribution. However, the mechanisms behind the prone position are more complex. Indeed, the positive effects on oxygenation and CO2 clearance of the prone position are to be ascribed to a more homogeneous inflation–ventilation, to the lung/thoracic shape mismatch, and to the change of chest wall elastance. In the past 20 years, five major trials have tried, starting from different theories, hypotheses, and designs, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the prone position, which finally found its definitive place among the different ARDS supportive therapies.
Extracorporeal Strategies in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Cavayas Yiorgos , Thakore Aneesh , Fan Eddy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite the breadth of life-sustaining interventions available, mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains high. A greater appreciation of the potential iatrogenic injury associated with the use of mechanical ventilation has led clinicians and researchers to seek alternatives. Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) may be used to rescue patients with severely impaired gas exchange and provide time for injured lungs to recover while treating the underlying disease. In patients with ARDS, venovenous (VV) ECLS is commonly used, where venous blood is drained into a circuit that passes through a membrane lung, which provides gas exchange, and then returned to the venous system. VV-ECLS can be configured as a system that uses higher blood flows with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) or as one that uses lower blood flows for extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (VV-ECCO2R). Recent studies support the use of VV-ECMO in patients with severe ARDS who present with refractory gas exchange despite the use of lung-protective mechanical ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure optimization, neuromuscular blockade, and prone positioning. The optimal management of patients during ECLS (i.e., anticoagulation, transfusions, mechanical ventilation) and the role of ECCO2R in the management of ARDS remain to be determined.