bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient preparative separation of 6‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐methyl‐4, 5‐dihydro‐3(2H)‐pyridazinone enantiomers on polysaccharide‐based stationary phases in polar organic solvent chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Cheng Lingping , Cai Jianfeng , Fu Qing , Ke Yanxiong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract6‐(4‐Aminophenyl)‐5‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3(2H)‐pyridazinone is a key synthetic intermediate for cardiotonic agent levosimendan. Very few studies address the use of chiral stationary phases in chromatography for the enantioseparation of this intermediate. This study presents two efficient preparative methods for the isolation of (R)(−)‐6‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3(2H)‐pyridazinone in polar organic solvent chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography using polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases and volatile organic mobile phases without additives in isocratic mode. Under optimum conditions, Chiralcel OJ column showed the best performance (α = 1.71, Rs = 5.47) in polar organic solvent chromatography, while Chiralpak AS column exhibited remarkable separations (α = 1.81 and Rs = 6.51) in supercritical fluid chromatography with an opposite enantiomer elution order. Considering the sample solubility, runtime and solvent cost, the preparations were carried out on Chiralcel OJ column and Chiralpak AS column (250 × 20 mm i.d.; 10 µm) in polar organic mode and supercritical fluid chromatography mode with methanol and CO2/methanol as mobile phases, respectively. By utilizing the advantages of chromatographic techniques and polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases, this work provides two methods for the fast and economic preparation of (R)(−)‐6‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3(2H)‐pyridazinone, which are suitable for the pharmaceutical industry.
A deep neural network based tuning technique of lossy microwave coupled resonator filters
Authors: Sun Jia‐Jing , Sun Sheng , Yu Xi , Chen Yongpin P. , Hu Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel tuning process of microwave filter is proposed based on deep neural network. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with several layers of convolution and nonlinear units are introduced to extract the coupling matrix of the simulated responses during the design procedure of lossy microwave filters. Then the proposed neural network model has been used to guide the tuning process of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filters. Compared to the traditional tuning method, this method can extract the coupling matrix with high accuracy as well as providing directions for the tuning rapidly. As an example, a fourth‐order bandpass filter centered at 20.45 GHz with 1.72‐dB insertion loss and 21.49‐dB return loss is finally designed using the proposed model. Numerical example validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fast bound pool fraction mapping via steady‐state magnetization transfer saturation using single‐shot EPI
Authors: Battiston Marco , Schneider Torben , Grussu Francesco , Yiannakas Marios C. , Prados Ferran , De Angelis Floriana , Gandini Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A. M. , Samson Rebecca S. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo enable clinical applications of quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging by developing a fast method to map one of its fundamental model parameters, the bound pool fraction (BPF), in the human brain.Theory and MethodsThe theory of steady‐state MT in the fast‐exchange approximation is used to provide measurements of BPF, and bound pool transverse relaxation time (). A sequence that allows sampling of the signal during steady‐state MT saturation is used to perform BPF mapping with a 10‐min‐long fully echo planar imaging‐based MRI protocol, including inversion recovery T1 mapping and B1 error mapping. The approach is applied in 6 healthy subjects and 1 multiple sclerosis patient, and validated against a single‐slice full qMT reference acquisition.ResultsBPF measurements are in agreement with literature values using off‐resonance MT, with average BPF of 0.114(0.100‐0.128) in white matter and 0.068(0.054‐0.085) in gray matter. Median voxel‐wise percentage error compared with standard single slice qMT is 4.6%. Slope and intercept of linear regression between new and reference BPF are 0.83(0.81‐0.85) and 0.013(0.11‐0.16). Bland‐Altman plot mean bias is 0.005. In the multiple sclerosis case, the BPF is sensitive to pathological changes in lesions.ConclusionThe method developed provides accurate BPF estimates and enables shorter scan time compared with currently available approaches, demonstrating the potential of bringing myelin sensitive measurement closer to the clinic.
Implementation of the FLORET UTE sequence for lung imaging
Authors: Willmering Matthew M. , Robison Ryan K. , Wang Hui , Pipe James G. , Woods Jason C. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging of lungs is inherently challenging, but it has become more common with the use of UTE sequences and their relative insensitivity to motion. Spiral UTE sequences have been touted recently as having greater k‐space sampling efficiencies than radial UTE, but few are designed for the shorter T2* of the lung. In this study, FLORET (Fermat looped, orthogonally encoded trajectories), a recently developed spiral 3D‐UTE sequence designed for the short T2* species, was implemented in human lungs for the first time and the images were compared with traditional radial UTE images.MethodsThe FLORET sequence was implemented with parameters optimized for lung imaging on healthy and diseased (cystic fibrosis) subjects. On healthy subjects, radial UTE images (3D‐radial and 2D‐radial with phase encoding) were acquired for comparison to FLORET. Various metrics including SNR, vasculature contrast, diaphragm sharpness, and parenchymal density ratios were acquired and compared among the separate UTE sequences.ResultsThe FLORET sequence performed similarly to traditional radial UTE methods with a much shorter total scan time for fully sampled images (FLORET: 1 minute 55 seconds, 3D‐radial: 3 minutes 25 seconds, 2D‐radial with phase encoding: 7 minutes 22 seconds). Additionally, the FLORET image obtained on the cystic fibrosis subject resulted in the observation of cystic fibrosis lung pathology similar or superior to that of the other UTE‐MRI techniques.ConclusionThe FLORET sequence allows for faster acquisition of high diagnostic‐quality lung images and its short T2* components without sacrificing SNR, image quality, or tissue/disease quantification.
Associations between age and sleep apnea risk among newborn infants
Authors: Matlen Lisa B. , Hassan Fauziya , Shellhaas Renée A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveAmong older children, sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with measurable neurocognitive consequences. However, diagnostic SDB thresholds are lacking for infants < 12 months. We sought to evaluate the relationship between SDB indices, gestational age (GA), and postmenstrual age (PMA) for infants who underwent clinically‐indicated polysomnograms at a tertiary care center.MethodsEvery infant < 3‐months chronological age whose first clinically‐indicated polysomnogram was between 2/2012 and 2/2017 was included. Linear regression was used to evaluate associations between apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), obstructive‐apnea index (OAI), and GA and PMA for infants with and without obvious clinical risk factors for SDB (eg, micrognathia and cleft palate).ResultsFor 53 infants without obvious SDB risk factors (GA 35.6 ± 4.5 weeks; PMA 41.2 ± 4.0 weeks), mean AHI was 27 ± 18 and OAI 2.9 ± 4.5. There was a weak inverse relationship between AHI and PMA (r
2 = 0.12, P = 0.01), but AHI was not predicted by GA (r
2 = 0.04, P = 0.13). Conversely, OAI was more strongly associated with GA (r
2 = 0.33, P < 0.0001) than PMA (r
2 = 0.08, P = 0.036). For 28 infants with congenital structural anomalies that predispose to SDB (GA 38.0 ± 3.1 weeks, PMA 43.1 ± 3.3 weeks, AHI 37.7 ± 30, OAI 8.2 ± 11.8), neither AHI nor OAI were related to PMA or GA.ConclusionsAmong infants who received clinically‐indicated polysomnograms but did not have obvious structural risk for SDB, AHI declined with advancing PMA, but obstructive‐apnea was best predicted by prematurity. In contrast, the SDB risk did not improve with increasing GA or PMA for infants with congenital structural risk factors; such infants may not outgrow their risk for SDB.
Synthesis of Arylvinyl‐Substituted Fulleropyrrolidines: Novel Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Cinnamaldehydes and Amines
Authors: Ma Wan , Zhang Duo , Wang Hui‐Juan , Li Fa‐Bao , Liu Li , Liu Xu‐Feng , Liu Chao‐Yang , Asiri Abdullah M. , Alamry Khalid A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA simple one‐step reaction of [60]fullerene with cinnamaldehydes and primary/secondary amines without the addition of any inorganic salts afforded rare arylvinyl‐substituted fulleropyrrolidines in moderate to good yields with high stereoselectivity. Secondary amines produced N‐alkyl‐2/5‐arylvinyl fulleropyrrolidines with a preference of trans isomers as major products, while primary amines exclusively gave 2‐aryl‐5‐arylvinyl fulleropyrrolidines as cis isomers. A plausible formation mechanism for fulleropyrrolidines was proposed to elucidate the above reaction process.
Deep Ultraviolet Laser Radiation Causes Brittle Fracture of Cα‐Cβ Bonds in Neurotransmitters
Authors: Yang Guanhua , Wu Haiming , Pembere Anthony M. S. , Luo Zhixun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report here a photodissociation study of tyramine, tryptamine and histamine using the customized time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (TOF‐MS) combined deep ultraviolet laser ionization. The cleavage of Cα‐Cβ bond, free of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), is observed under the 177 nm DUV laser excitation, which is different from the HAT‐involved photodissociation by a 118 nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser. With aid of density function theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate the photochemical reaction mechanism of these neurotransmitter molecules with dependence on residual energies after photoionization and donor‐acceptor orbital interactions. This finding helps to enrich the understanding of structure chemistry of neurotransmitters. In particular, the brittle fracture of Cα‐Cβ bond initiated by the ultrafast DUV laser could stimulate research interest in designed synthesis of organic compounds.
Facile Fabrication of Oxidized Lignin‐Based Porous Carbon Spheres for Efficient Removal of Pb2+
Authors: Liu Yudong , Wang Yuefei , Qi Wei , Wang Kang , Xing Qiguo , You Shengping , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith the growing environmental concerns of heavy metal pollution, great attention has been focused on low‐cost biomass to develop ecofriendly sorbents. Herein, oxidized lignin‐based carbon spheres (O‐LPCS) were fabricated by functionalizing mesoporous lignin‐based carbon spheres (LPCS). The surface area of O‐LPCS‐2 was 252.6 m2 g−1, with 0.852 mmol g−1 hydroxyl, 0.794 mmol g−1 carboxyl and 0.617 mmol g−1 sulfonic groups. The suitable‐size spheres also exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity for Pb2+ from aqueous solution and could be easily separated for industrial application. The effects of pH, interfering ions, contact time and the concentration of initial solutions on the sorption process were studied. The adsorption kinetic followed pseudo‐second‐order model. Moreover, by fitting the adsorption data with the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption amount was found to be 63.69 mg g−1. The environmental friendliness and low cost of O‐LPCS make it to be a promising candidate to remove Pb2+ from industrial effluents.
Acidic fermentation in the caecum increases absorption of calcium and magnesium in the large intestine of the rat
Authors: Younes Hassan , Demigné Christian , Rémésy Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effect of fermentation on colonic absorption of Ca and Mg was investigated in 8-week-old rats adapted to diets containing either digestible wheat starch (DS diets) or including resistant starch, i.e. 350 g raw potato starch/kg (RS diets). The dietary Ca level of the DS and RS diets was 2·5 or 7·5 g/kg. RS diets resulted in enlargements of the caecum together with hypertrophy of the caecal wall. Acidification of the caecal contents by mictobial fermentation of RS was influenced by the dietary Ca level. Very acidic pH conditions and relatively low concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, in the presence of lactic acid fermentation, were observed with the 2·5 g Ca/kg level. Rats fed on RS diets had a bhigher pencentage of soluble Ca (and inorganic phosphate) in the caecum, particularly of rats adapted to the high Ca level. As a result of the hypertrophy of the caecal wall and of an elevated concentration of soluble Cas, the caecal absorption of Ca was 5-6 fold higher in the RS groups than in the DS groups. The difference between dietary intakle and faecal excretion (DI-FE) of Ca was higher in rats fed on RS diets than in those fed on DS diets, when the dietary Ca level was 2·5 g/kg. With the higher Ca intake the elevated rate of Ca absorption from the caecum in RS-fed rats was not paralleled by an enhanced DI-EE difference: this suggests a shift of the Ca absorption towards the large intestine. Feeding Rs diets also enhanced Mg caecal absorption, resulting in the substatntially higher DI-FE difference for Mg, especially with the 2·5 g Ca/kg diets, because a high Ca intake tends to inhibit Mg absorption. The present findings support the view that the large intestine may represent a major site of Ca (and Mg) absorption when acidic fermentations take place. This process could improve the digestive Ca balance when the dietary Ca supply is low; when the Ca supply is affluent, it rather shits Ca absorption towards a more distal site fo the digestive tract.
Infrastructures of Pacification: Vital Points, Critical Infrastructure, and Police Power in Canada
Authors: Boyle Philip , Dafnos Tia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThough described as the first milestone towards securing Canada’s critical infrastructure (CI), the 2009 National Strategy for Critical Infrastructure is the most recent effort in decades of federal engagement with the problem of how to secure the material elements that underpin state, economy, and society. In this article, we show how a little-known civil defence program initiated after WWII to protect important industrial facilities from military enemies has transformed in the contemporary period into the monitoring of a range of political and social movements as perceived dangers to what is understood today as CI. We view these changes as indicative of transformations in the exercise of police power through which the contemporary colonial-liberal order is enacted.
Ordovician Trinucleid Trilobites of the Prague Basin, Czech Republic
Authors: Shaw Frederick C. 
Published: May 2019

Review of collections in Prague and at Harvard University, supplemented by additional field observations, has allowed taxonomic updating and revision of Barrandian trinucleid trilobites. Genera identified areBergamia, Declivolithus, Nankinolithus, Tretaspis, Marrolithus, Deanaspis, andOnnia. One earlier described species is assigned to the new genusMarekolithus.Although partly isolated from the rest of north Gondwana during the Ordovician, the Prague Basin shares faunas with Sardinia and Morocco, as all show the transition fromDeanaspistoOnnia. Spain, Britain, and the Baltic also share some species with Bohemia, particularly in the high Caradoc and Ashgill (Bohdalec and Králův Dvůr Formations).
Lower and Middle Ordovician Lithistid Demosponges from the Mingan Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Rigby J. Keith , Desrochers Andre 
Published: May 2019

New collections, as well as original type material, of Lower and Middle Ordovician sponges from the Mingan Island Archipelago are described and figured from the Mingan and Romaine Formations. Archaeoscyphia minganensis (Billings, 1859), Hudsonospongia minganensis Raymond and Okulitch, 1940, H. irregularis Raymond and Okulitch, 1940, H. duplicata Raymond and Okulitch, 1940, Zittelella varians (Billings, 1861a), and Eospongia roemeri Billings, 1861, are redescribed from original type specimens and new collections. The species Archaeoscyphia pulchra (Bassler, 1927), Rhopalocoelia clarkii Raymond and Okulitch, 1940, Psarodictyum magnificum Raymond and Okulitch, 1940, and Lissocoelia ramosa Bassler, 1927 are reported and described from the Mingan Islands for the first time. To these sponges are added the new species Anthaspidella amplia, Archaeoscyphia undulata, Hudsonospongia nodosa, and Zittelella grossa, which are described from type specimens from the Mingan Formation.The assemblage from 12 localities from the Mingan Formation, and one from the Romaine Formation, represents one of the most diverse demosponge faunas from eastern North America. Sponges in most of the localities accumulated as transported debris or lag gravels, but locally, some grew in small reefoidal mounds and also accumulated as adjacent debris.
Forcing the Free to Be Correctly Free
Authors: Goerner E. A. 
Published: May 2019

Liberalism can be understood in considerable part as a reaction against the religious wars of Europe from the end of the Middle Ages through the early modern period. Unfortunately, liberalism itself was so profoundly shaped by the conditions of its birth that it became a perpetuator of the same narrow fanaticism that fueled the fires of the Spanish Inquisition and burned Servetus in Calvin's Geneva. Eamonn Callan's article, “Political Liberalism and Political Education,” is a forceful reminder that liberalism is still a carrier of the same virus of fanaticism that insisted on celebrating masses of Reason in Notre Dame de Paris while setting up guillotines to behead the members of religious orders who refused to disband. That is the same virus of fanaticism that manifested itself in the claim to grasp scientifically the laws of history, a claim that led to the liberation of man via Gulag. Oh, I know, Gulag and the guillotine are out of fashion with rationalistic liberators at the moment. Nevertheless, it is the coercive power of the modern sovereign state produced by the same rationalism that Callan wants to use to force us all to be free.From the perspective of liberalism as the religion of immanent divinity, the Reason of rationalism, Callan sees that John Rawls, in Political Liberalism, is a backslider, objectively a traitor to liberalism, even if not subjectively so. In Political Liberalism Rawls tried to move further away from his roots in rationalistic dogmatism and further toward his roots in pragmatism. Callan shows there is no tenable halfway house of the kind Rawls imagines.
Workplace Goal Orientation
Authors: Theis Leonie , Bipp Tanja 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We investigated the construct and criterion-related validity of workplace goal orientation via two studies. Aiming to extend prior findings on this construct ( Van Dam, 2015 ), in Study 1 ( N = 334), we inspected the predictive role that learning, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goal orientation at work play in terms of employees’ learning, task, and contextual performance. In Study 2 ( N = 201), we examined the mediating role of proactive behavior concerning the relationship between workplace (learning) goal orientation and performance. First, we found evidence for the three-dimensional structure of the translated and adapted German measurement instrument across two independent samples of employees. Second, we found support for the criterion-related validity of workplace goal orientation for important work-related outcomes. Especially learning goal orientation was positively related to learning and performance outcomes within the work context. Third, we demonstrated that the link between workplace learning goal orientation and performance is mediated by proactive behavior. It therefore seems inevitable for organizations to support the setting and pursuit of learning goals within the workplace to increase the probability of the occurrence of proactive behavior and sustain employees’ high performance and continuous learning.
Molecular basis for heat desensitization of TRPV1 ion channels
Authors: Luo Lei , Wang Yunfei , Li Bowen , Xu Lizhen , Kamau Peter Muiruri , Zheng Jie , Yang Fan , Yang Shilong , Lai Ren 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is a prototypical molecular sensor for noxious heat in mammals. Its role in sustained heat response remains poorly understood, because rapid heat-induced desensitization (Dh) follows tightly heat-induced activation (Ah). To understand the physiological role and structural basis of Dh, we carried out a comparative study of TRPV1 channels in mouse (mV1) and those in platypus (pV1), which naturally lacks Dh. Here we show that a temperature-sensitive interaction between the N- and C-terminal domains of mV1 but not pV1 drives a conformational rearrangement in the pore leading to Dh. We further show that knock-in mice expressing pV1 sensed heat normally but suffered scald damages in a hot environment. Our findings suggest that Dh evolved late during evolution as a protective mechanism and a delicate balance between Ah and Dh is crucial for mammals to sense and respond to noxious heat.
Circulating miR-103a-3p contributes to angiotensin II-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis via a SNRK/NF-κB/p65 regulatory axis
Authors: Lu Qiulun , Ma Zejun , Ding Ye , Bedarida Tatiana , Chen Liming , Xie Zhonglin , Song Ping , Zou Ming-Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough angiotensin II (AngII) is known to cause renal injury and fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here we show that hypertensive nephropathy (HN) patients and AngII-infused mice exhibit elevated levels of circulating miR103a-3p. We observe a positive correlation between miR-103a-3p levels and AngII-induced renal dysfunction. miR-103a-3p suppresses expression of the sucrose non-fermentable-related serine/threonine-protein kinase SNRK in glomerular endothelial cells, and glomeruli of HN patients and AngII-infused mice show reduced endothelial expression of SNRK. We find that SNRK exerts anti-inflammatory effects by interacting with activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65. Overall, we demonstrate that AngII increases circulating miR-103a-3p levels, which reduces SNRK levels in glomerular endothelial cells, resulting in the over-activation of NF-κB/p65 and, consequently, renal inflammation and fibrosis. Together, our work identifies miR-103a-3p/SNRK/NF-κB/p65 as a regulatory axis of AngII-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis.
EXOSC10 is required for RPA assembly and controlled DNA end resection at DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Domingo-Prim Judit , Endara-Coll Martin , Bonath Franziska , Jimeno Sonia , Prados-Carvajal Rosario , Friedländer Marc R. , Huertas Pablo , Visa Neus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe exosome is a ribonucleolytic complex that plays important roles in RNA metabolism. Here we show that the exosome is necessary for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells and that RNA clearance is an essential step in homologous recombination. Transcription of DSB-flanking sequences results in the production of damage-induced long non-coding RNAs (dilncRNAs) that engage in DNA-RNA hybrid formation. Depletion of EXOSC10, an exosome catalytic subunit, leads to increased dilncRNA and DNA-RNA hybrid levels. Moreover, the targeting of the ssDNA-binding protein RPA to sites of DNA damage is impaired whereas DNA end resection is hyper-stimulated in EXOSC10-depleted cells. The DNA end resection deregulation is abolished by transcription inhibitors, and RNase H1 overexpression restores the RPA recruitment defect caused by EXOSC10 depletion, which suggests that RNA clearance of newly synthesized dilncRNAs is required for RPA recruitment, controlled DNA end resection and assembly of the homologous recombination machinery.