bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Anticancer Drug Delivery Using Amphiphilic Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐b‐Polyketal‐b‐Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) Block Copolymer as Micellar Nanocarrier
Authors: Mitra Kheyanath , Hira Sumit Kumar , Singh Shikha , Vishwakarma Niraj Kumar , Vishwakarma Sambhav , Gupta Uttam , Manna Partha Pratim , Ray Biswajit 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe have first synthesized acid‐degradable alkyne‐terminated aliphatic polyketal and thereof synthesized novel pH‐responsive double hydrophilic amphiphilic block copolymer of poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PNVP) and aliphatic polyketal (PK) (PNVP‐b‐PK‐b‐PNVP via click chemistry upon reaction with azide‐terminated PNVP. Formation of block copolymer is confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. pH‐dependent degradation study of the block copolymer shows faster degradation at lower pH. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has revealed the formation of tiny (∼3.8 nm) micellar nanoparticles. Loading of the anticancer drugs doxorubicin (Dox) and imatinib in the micelle is confirmed from UV‐Visible, and TEM studies. Drug release study from drug‐loaded micelles has shown that imatinib is being released faster than Dox and both systems have shown higher load release at acidic pH of 6.4. Doxorubicin‐ and imatinib‐ loaded micelles demonstrate significant tumoricidal properties against parental and drug resistant human erythroleukemia K‐562 and Dalton's lymphoma cells with respect to enhanced cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and growth inhibition.
KA2‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Semi‐Heterogeneous Magnetically Graphene Oxide Supported Copper Catalyst under Microwave Condition
Authors: Xiong Xingquan , Chen Huixin , Liao Xu , Lai Shilin , Gao Lizhu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFunctional Schiff base chelating groups (PCA) were covalently grafted onto the surface of magnetic graphene oxide (GO‐Fe3O4) via a facile silanization reaction under mild condition. The obtained GO‐Fe3O4‐PCA was further chelated with CuCl2 as an efficient, robust, and recyclable semi‐heterogeneous catalyst (GO‐Fe3O4‐CuCl2) for one‐pot three‐component KA2 coupling of ketones, amines, and alkynes. It exhibited environmentally benign, excellent magnetic separation performance, and higher catalytic activity than other commercially available copper sources. A series of propargylamines are prepared from cycloketones, cycloamines, and phenylacetylene in moderate to excellent yields under microwave (MW) irradiation (70–93%). Interestingly, the catalyst can be separated conveniently by a simple magnetic separation and reused at least four consecutive runs with a slight drop in the product yields. The semi‐heterogeneous property and excellent accessibility of GO‐Fe3O4‐CuCl2 might cause high catalytic activity.
HKUST‐1‐Catalyzed Formation of C–C and C‐N Bonds: Rapid Assembly of Substituted Pyridines from Propargylamine and Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Meng Yan‐Yu , Kang Wei‐Fen , Si Xiao‐Ju , Song Yuan‐Yuan , Li Yan‐Jie , Xu Fen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of 2,3‐fused pyridines through a HKUST‐1 (copper(II) 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate) catalyzed sequential amination/annulation/aromatization reaction of carbonyl compounds and N‐propargylamine is presented herein. The reaction is not restricted to reactive ketones, wherein the five‐, six‐membered cyclic ketones and benzyl, aryl ketones show good reactivity with N‐propargylenamine, delivering pyridines in moderate to good yields. Under reaction conditions devoid of high temperature and expensive catalyst, this method exhibits broad tolerance of functional groups, including CN, alkyl, benzyl and methoxy moieties as well as unprotected phenolic hydroxy group. Additionally, the role of organic link for HKUST‐1 has been considered as a key parameter for this transformation.
Cascade Reactions of α‐Phenylcinnamic Acid to Polycyclic Compounds Promoted by High Valent Transition Metal Halides
Authors: Bartalucci Niccolò , Biancalana Lorenzo , Bortoluzzi Marco , Pampaloni Guido , Giordano Luca , Zacchini Stefano , Marchetti Fabio 
Published: August 2018

Abstractα‐Phenylcinnamic acid converts into polycyclic derivatives by interaction with high valent transition metal halides in chloroform at reflux temperature. Different products, featured by local structural differences depending on the nature of the metal halide system (i. e. WCl6, PCl5/NbF5 or PCl5/NbCl5), are easily isolable after treatment with water. In particular, WCl6 configures as an efficient multitasking agent, working as 1) chlorinator of the carboxylic acid function, 2) catalytic precursor for intra‐ and intermolecular rearrangements, and 3) catalytic precursor for Baeyer‐Villiger lactonization in water at ambient temperature, exploiting air as oxidant. The products have been purified by alumina chromatography, and identified by analytical and spectroscopic (IR, NMR) techniques, and by single crystal X‐ray diffraction in three cases. Their formation probably involves a common reaction pathway which has been rationalized by DFT calculations.
The survival of firms founded by immigrants: Institutional distance between home and host country, and experience in the host country
Authors: Mata José , Alves Claudia 
Published: August 2018

Research Summary: We propose that the liability of foreignness (LOF) applies to individuals and not only to firms. To identify such a liability, we study entrepreneurial firms created by natives and immigrants. Firms created by immigrants have a lower rate of survival than those founded by natives. Work experience in the host country and size of the immigrant's national community improves the chances of survival of firms founded by immigrants, in particular, for firms founded by immigrants from institutionally distant countries. In contrast, the impact of firm age on survival is not significantly different for firms created by natives and immigrants. This indicates that learning by individuals before the creation of firms is more important than learning that occurs at the firm level after firms have been created.Managerial Summary: We explore how the characteristics of individuals running firms affect firm performance. We focus on foreignness and study the chances of survival of firms created by immigrants. Firms created by individuals who have longer work experience in the host country and who are integrated in larger national communities are more likely to survive than those created by their counterparts with less experience and smaller communities. The effect is stronger for immigrants from countries with different institutions to those of the host country. This indicates that, when choosing new countries to operate in, it is important to carefully choose the management team and the location within the host country, in particular, if the countries being considered are relatively dissimilar to the firm's home country.
Phase Behavior of Bowl‐Shaped Colloids: Order and Dynamics in Plastic Crystals and Glasses
Authors: Meijer Janne‐Mieke , Crassous Jérôme J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCharged fluorescent bowl‐shaped colloids consisting of a polystyrene core surrounded by a poly(N‐isopropylmethacrylamide) shell are obtained by nanoengineering spherical composite microgels. The phase diagram of these soft bowl‐shaped colloids interacting through long‐range Yukawa‐type interactions is investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The bowl‐shaped structure leads to marked differences in phase‐behavior compared to their spherical counterpart. With increasing number density, a transition from a fluid to a plastic crystal phase, with freely rotating particles, followed by a glass‐like state is observed. It is found that the anisotropic bowl shape frustrates crystallization and slows down crystallization kinetics and causes the glass‐like transition to shift to a significantly lower volume fraction than for the spheres. Quantitative analysis of the positional and orientational order demonstrates that the plastic crystal phase exhibits quasi‐long range translational order and orientational disorder, while in the disordered glass‐like phase the long‐range translational order vanishes and short‐range rotational order appears, dictated by the specific bowl shape. It is further shown that the different structural transitions are characterized by decoupling of the translational and orientational dynamics.
There and back again: Outlier detection between statistical reasoning and data mining algorithms
Authors: Zimek Arthur , Filzmoser Peter 
Published: August 2018

Outlier detection has been a topic in statistics for centuries. Over mainly the last two decades, there has been also an increasing interest in the database and data mining community to develop scalable methods for outlier detection. Initially based on statistical reasoning, however, these methods soon lost the direct probabilistic interpretability of the derived outlier scores. Here, we detail from a joint point of view of data mining and statistics the roots and the path of development of statistical outlier detection and of database‐related data mining methods for outlier detection. We discuss their inherent meaning, review approaches to again find a statistically meaningful interpretation of outlier scores, and sketch related current research topics.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Statistics
Algorithmic Development > Scalable Statistical Methods
Technologies > Machine Learning
Challenges of Costing a Surgical Procedure in a Lower–Middle‐Income Country
Authors: Ekanayake Chanil , Pathmeswaran Arunasalam , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Herath Rasika , Wijesinghe Prasantha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is vital to enquire into cost of health care to ensure that maximum value for money is obtained with available resources; however, there is a dearth of information on cost of health care in lower–middle‐income countries (LMICs). Our aim was to develop a reproducible costing method for three routes of hysterectomy in benign uterine conditions: total abdominal (TAH), non‐descent vaginal (NDVH) and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH).MethodsA societal perspective with a micro‐costing approach was applied to find out direct and indirect costs. A total of 147 patients were recruited from a district general hospital (Mannar) and a tertiary care hospital (Ragama). Costs incurred from preoperative period to convalescence included direct costs of labour, equipment, investigations, medications and utilities, and indirect costs of out‐of‐pocket expenses, productivity losses, carer costs and travelling. Time‐driven activity‐based costing was used for labour, and top‐down micro‐costing was used for utilities.ResultsThe total cost [(interquartile range), number] of TAH was USD 339 [(308–397), n = 24] versus USD 338 [(312–422), n = 25], NDVH was USD 315 [(316–541), n = 23] versus USD 357 [(282–739), n = 26] and TLH was USD 393 [(338–446), n = 24] versus USD 429 [(390–504), n = 25] at Mannar and Ragama, respectively. The direct cost of TAH, NDVH and TLH was similar between the two centres, whilst indirect cost was related to the setting rather than the route of hysterectomy.ConclusionsThe costing method used in this study overcomes logistical difficulties in a LMIC and can serve as a guide for clinicians and policy makers in similar settings.Trial registrationThe study was registered in the Sri Lanka clinical trials registry (SLCTR/2016/020) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (U1111‐1194‐8422) on 26 July 2016.
Nurses’ roles in the management of chronic inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Vivienne Lion , Michael Schirmer 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In 2011 EULAR first published recommendations for the potential role of nurses in the management of patients with rheumatic diseases. To perform a literature update for the role of nurses in the management of chronic inflammatory arthritis (CIA) from 2010 to 2018. A systematic literature review (SLR) was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines, in accordance with the search strategies and eligibility criteria of the EULAR taskforce. The eligibility criteria were “inflammatory arthritis”, “interventions undertaken by nurses” and “relevant outcomes to answer the research questions”. Exclusion criteria were in itself contradictory outcomes, insufficient data, consideration if they did not clearly distinguish between nurses and health professionals or focused on chronic other than rheumatic diseases. Systematic reviews were classified as descriptive and excluded. Quality of selected trials was determined according to Oxford—levels of evidence 2009. A total of 48 articles and 10 abstracts were identified fulfilling the eligibility and exclusion criteria. Recommendation 1 has been well established in Europe so far. New evidence strengthens the recommendation 3, and—at least in part—recommendation 6. High evidence strengthens recommendation 4, especially for outpatients with low and stable disease activity. Some new evidence also exists for recommendations 7 and 8. This SLR reveals new evidence for the role of nurses in managing CIA patients since 2010, especially for RA-patients with low disease activity or in remission.
Exploratory mathematics talk in a second language: a sociolinguistic perspective
Authors: Robertson Sally-Ann , Graven Mellony 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper illuminates challenges confronting teachers and students at the literacy/numeracy interface in contexts where students have not developed sufficient English language proficiency to be learning mathematics through English but, due to socio-politically and economically driven perceptions are being taught in English. We analyse transcript data of classroom talk in a South African grade 4 mathematics lesson on fractions. Together with interview data, the lesson data highlight some of the consequences students’ diminished access to their home language appear to have on their access to mathematical meaning-making.
Erratum to: Superlubricity of epitaxial monolayer WS2 on graphene
Authors: Büch Holger , Rossi Antonio , Forti Stiven , Convertino Domenica , Tozzini Valentina , Coletti Camilla 
Published: August 2018

The article Superlubricity of epitaxial monolayer WS2 on graphene, written by Holger Büch, Antonio Rossi, Stiven Forti, Domenica Convertino, Valentina Tozzini, and Camilla Coletti, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on June 18th 2018 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed in August 2018 to © The Author(s) 2018 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.The original article has been corrected.
Gender and the Politics of Death: Female Representation, Political and Developmental Context, and Population Health in a Cross-National Panel
Authors: Macmillan Ross , Shofia Naila , Sigle Wendy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere is considerable speculation that female political empowerment could improve population health. Yet, evidence to date is limited, and explanations for why political empowerment would matter and the conditions under which this might be enhanced or muted are not well understood. In this article, we draw on theoretical work on the politics of representation to frame an investigation of whether increases in the percentage of females in a country’s parliament influence mortality rates. We further examine whether the relationship is conditioned by extent of democracy and economic and social development. Through multivariate longitudinal regression, we analyze four indicators of mortality in 155 countries spanning 1990 to 2014 with controls for initial country conditions, time-stable structural predispositions to higher mortality, and a number of time-varying potential confounders. Results indicate that a high level of female representation—30 % or greater in our models—has large negative associations with mortality, that these are particularly strong in lesser developed and weak democratic contexts, that high female political representation effectively offsets liabilities associated with low development, and that the relationships are robust to various operationalizations of social development. In the end, our research provides a particularly thorough accounting of the relationship between female political representation and population health, particularly by specifying the conditions under which female representation is most salient. In doing so, the research suggests important links between issues of female empowerment, political context, and developmental trajectories of countries more generally.
Estimate dynamic changes of dysfunction and lifelong spent for psychiatric care needs in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Su Chien-Chou , Bai Ya Mei , Chou Ming-Hui , Wang Jung-Der , Yang Yen Kuang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground:Disturbance of functionality is one of the core features of schizophrenia, and has deleterious effects on a patient’s employment, increased healthcare costs, and a large societal burden. Thus, if a patient’s disability status could be predicted, and interventions needed identified in advance, poor outcomes could be prevented. To achieve this aim, we developed a method by which to assess dynamic changes of dysfunction and estimate the lifetime duration of disability in patients with schizophrenia, as a proxy for assessing their specialized healthcare needs.Methods:The proposed method was developed based on a nationwide database and a cross-sectional survey. The primary analysis investigated the dynamic change in the proportion of patients with manifested disability over time, while the secondary analysis estimated the lifetime duration of disability, obtained as the proportion of patients with manifested disability multiplied by the survival probability throughout the life of patients.Results:The average lifetime duration of manifested disability of global functioning was estimated to be 20.9 years, which represents approximately 73% of the whole lifetime of patients. The duration of disability in socially-useful activities was estimated to be 15.6 years, while that in personal and social relationships was 17.5 years. The female patients had a longer duration of manifested disability (22.9 years) than the male patients (19.5 years).Conclusions:The developed method of analysis indicated that the longest lifetime durations of manifest disability were observed in the areas of socially-useful activities and personal and social relationships, and the proportions of patients with these disabilities rapidly increased at 200 months after diagnosis.
Virtual Reality for Neurorehabilitation: Insights From 3 European Clinics
Authors: O'Neil Owen , Fernandez Manuel Murie , Herzog Jürgen , Beorchia Marta , Gower Valerio , Gramatica Furio , Starrost Klaus , Kiwull Lorenz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVirtual reality for the treatment of motor impairment is a burgeoning application of digital technology in neurorehabilitation. Virtual reality systems pose an opportunity for health care providers to augment the dose of task‐oriented exercises delivered both in the clinic, and via telerehabilitation models in the home. The technology is almost exclusively applied as an adjunct to traditional approaches and is typically characterized by the use of gamified exergames which feature task‐oriented physiotherapy exercises. At present, evidence for the efficacy of this technology is sparse, with some reviews suggesting it is the same or no better than conventional approaches. The purpose of this article is to provide real‐world insights on the adoption of a virtual reality by 3 European clinics in 3 different service delivery models. These include an inpatient setting for Parkinson disease, a kiosk model for pediatric neurorehabilitation, and a home‐based telerehabilitation model for neurologic patients. Motivations, settings, requirements for the pathology, outcomes, and challenges encountered during this process are reported with the objective of priming clinicians on what to expect when implementing virtual reality in neurorehabilitation.
Misery loves company. Strategies for retrenchment in the era of constrained public finance
Authors: Cavalieri Alice , Russo Federico , Verzichelli Luca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe policy agenda literature shows that budget cuts tend to be rarer and less extreme than budget expansions. This article argues that the character of retrenchment policies is shaped by a combination of domestic and international factors, such as budgetary procedures, intra-coalitional conflicts, and the emergence of urgency situations. Building on the findings of several quantitative studies on budgetary changes, we develop two propositions explaining why the necessity to reduce expenditures usually leads to across-the-board cuts. We also hypothesize two mechanisms which can occasionally produce selective outcomes. This article focuses on the last 30 years to observe how the annual package of public finance corrections has impacted on the main categories of public spending. This analysis combines an original measure of the transformative nature of the yearly fiscal packages approved by parliament with process-tracing methodology. The qualitative analysis focuses on three cases of linear cuts and one deviant case of selective cuts. Findings show that the persistence of frictions in the Italian budgetary process is often a basic reason for the introduction of linear cuts, but the logic of urgency triggered by the European external constraint was able to produce a selective outcome.
Cross-linguistic automated detection of metaphors for poverty and cancer
Authors: DAVID OANA , MATLOCK TEENIE 
Published: August 2018

abstractConceptual metaphor research has benefited from advances in discourse analytic and corpus linguistic methodologies over the years, especially given recent developments with Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies. Such technologies are now capable of identifying metaphoric expressions across large bodies of text. Here we focus on how one particular analytic tool, MetaNet, can be used to study everyday discourse about personal and social problems, in particular, poverty and cancer, by leveraging reusable networks of primary metaphors enhanced with specific metaphor subcases. We discuss the advantages of this approach in allowing us to gain valuable insights into cross-linguistic metaphor commonalities and variation. To demonstrate its utility, we analyze corpus data from English and Spanish.