bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of organic/inorganic Fe3O4@MCM‐41@Zr‐piperazine magnetite nanocatalyst for the promotion of the synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H‐chromene and pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidinone derivatives
Authors: Pourhasan‐Kisomi Reyhaneh , Shirini Farhad , Golshekan Mostafa 
Published: May 2018

Fe3O4@MCM‐41@Zr‐MNPs modified with piperazine is easily prepared and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The characterization results showed that Zr highly dispersed in the tetrahedral environment of silica framework and piperazine is successfully attached to the surface of the nanocatalyst in connection with zirconium. The prepared nanosized reagent (10–30 nm), shows excellent catalytic activity in the synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H‐chromene and pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidinone derivatives. All reactions are performed under mild and completely heterogeneous reactions conditions in high yields during short reaction times. On the other hand and due to its superparamagnetic nature the catalyst can be easily separated by the application of an external magnetic field and reused for several times.
Spectroscopic, thermal, biological activity, molecular docking and density functional theoretical investigation of novel bis Schiff base complexes
Authors: Zayed Ehab M. , Mohamed Gehad G. , Hassan Walid M.I. , Elkholy Asmaa K. , Moustafa H. 
Published: May 2018

New Schiff base ligand (H2L, 1,2‐bis[(2‐(2‐hydroxyphenylimino)‐methyl)phenoxy]ethane) came from condensation reaction of bisaldehyde and 2‐aminophenol was synthesized in a molar ratio 1:2. Metal complexes and the ligand were completely discussed with spectroscopic and theoretical mechanism. The complexes with Fe(III), Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Th(IV) and Zn(II) have been discussed and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, IR, mass spectroscopy, thermal, magnetic measurements, and 1H NMR. The results proved that the Schiff base was a divalent anion with hexadentate O4N2 donors came from the etheric oxygens (O1, O2), azomethine nitrogens (N1, N2) and deprotonated phenolic oxygens (O3, O4). Density Functional Theory using (B3LYP/6‐31G*) level of theory were implemented to predict molecular geometry, Mulliken atomic energetic and charges of the ligand and complexes. The calculation display that complexes had weak field ligand. The binding energy ranged from 650.5 to 1499.0 kcal/mol for Mn(II) and Th(IV) complexes, respectively. The biological behavior of the Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes were displayed against bacteria and fungi organisms. Fe(III) complex gave remarkable biological activity in comparison with the parent bis Schiff base.
Grain Thin Stillage Protein Utilization: A Review
Authors: Ratanapariyanuch Kornsulee , Shim Youn Young , Wiens Daniel J. , Reaney Martin J. T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEthanol production from grains produces wet grain and thin stillage (TS) as major coproducts. The grain fuel ethanol industry is massive, producing 58 billion L per year in the USA alone, and TS production is four to five times this volume. In short, through its coproducts TS and distiller's grains, the ethanol industry is a major supplier of inexpensive protein. However, obtaining this protein can be costly. In spite of its high water content, TS is typically concentrated by evaporation and then sold as distiller's solubles, or combined with wet grain and dried for use as an animal feed ingredient called “distillers’ dried grains with solubles”. The processes used for protein concentration and TS clarification are reviewed, including the addition of clarifying agents, centrifugation, dissolved air and anoxic gas flotation, filtration, size exclusion, and biorefinery processes. Biorefinery processes are being developed that will lower the energy inputs required for evaporation while greatly improving protein concentration. The protein concentrates could potentially be used in higher‐quality animal feed or even in food products.
Physicochemical Characterization, Fatty Acid And Tocopherol Content of Moringa ovalifolia (African Moringa) Oil From Namibia
Authors: Cheikhyoussef Natascha , Kandawa‐Schulz Martha , Böck Ronnie , de Koning Charles , Cheikhyoussef Ahmad , Muhammad Umar Badeggi , Hussein Ahmed A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMoringa ovalifolia tree is indigenous to Namibia and is a multipurpose tree whose leaves, pods, fruits, and flowers are edible. The tree is well adapted to the harsh climatic conditions of the region and easily cultivated. In this paper, we investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the oil extracted from M. ovalifolia seeds collected from Remhoogte Farm, Khomas region, Namibia. The oil yield was 34.86 ± 2.47%. The oil contained a high level of monounsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid (18:1) being the dominant one. The oil had high levels of tocopherol, with a total of 44.56 mg 100 g−1 of oil, comprising α‐tocopherol (33.94 mg 100 g−1), β‐tocopherol (6.64 mg 100 g−1), and δ‐tocopherol (3.98 mg 100 g−1). High levels of stigmasterol (142.41 mg 100 g−1) and β‐sitosterol (330.70 mg 100 g−1) were also detected. The seed oil exhibited good‐quality characteristics, making it a useful new seed oil to be considered for food and nonfood applications.
The determination of capreomycin in human plasma by LC–MS/MS using ion‐pairing chromatography and solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Thuboy Blessings , Kellermann Tracy , Castel Sandra , Norman Jennifer , Joubert Anton , Garcia‐Prats Anthony J. , Hesseling Anneke C. , Wiesner Lubbe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of capreomycin (Cm) analogs, Cm IA and Cm IB, in human plasma. This implemented ion‐pairing solid phase extraction, followed by ion‐pairing high‐performance liquid chromatography, with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Discovery C18, 5 μm, 4.6 × 50 mm analytical column. An isocratic mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid and 4mm heptafluorobutyric acid (80:20; v/v) was used at a flow‐rate of 500 μL/min. An AB Sciex API 3000 mass spectrometer at unit resolution, in multiple reaction monitoring mode, was used for detection. Electrospray ionization was used for ion production. The method was successfully validated for the range 469–30,000 ng/mL for Cm IA and for Cm IB, with cefotaxime as the internal standard. The within‐ and between‐day precision determinations for Cm IA and IB, expressed as the percentage coefficient of variation, were < 20.0% at the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and < 8.2% at all other test concentrations. Recovery of both analogs was > 72.3% and reproducible at the low, medium and high end of the calibration range. No significant matrix effects were observed for the analyte. The assay performed well when applied to clinical samples generated from children in a clinical multidrug resistant tuberculosis research study in South Africa.
Development and validation of an HPLC‐UV method for quantification of elvitegravir and two other new antiretrovirals, dolutegravir and rilpivirine, in the plasma of HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Tempestilli Massimo , Ammassari Adriana , D'Avolio Antonio , Cicalini Stefania , Gallo Anna Loredana , Fazio Simone , Antinori Andrea , Pucillo Leopoldo P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring may be crucial in selected clinical conditions for the management of HIV infection. In recent years, new antiretrovirals have been introduced and in particular elvitegravir (EVG) is now recommended for first‐line and simplification treatment as well as dolutegravir (DTG) and rilpivirine (RPV). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) method for determining EVG and new antiretrovirals DTG and RPV in human plasma. Solid‐phase extraction was applied to a 600 μL plasma sample. Chromatographic separation of the three drugs and internal standard was achieved with a gradient of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer on a C18 reverse‐phase analytical column with a 20 min analytical run time. EVG and DTG were detected at 265 nm and RPV at 290 nm. Mean intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were < 10%; the mean accuracy was <15%. Extraction recovery ranged between 105 and 82% for the drugs analyzed. Calibration curves were optimized according to the expected ranges of drug concentrations in patients; the coefficient of determination was >0.997 for all drugs. This method allows for monitoring EVG, DTG and RPV in the plasma of HIV‐positive patients using HPLC‐UV.
Development, validation and comparison of surrogate matrix and surrogate analyte approaches with UHPLC–MS/MS to simultaneously quantify dopamine, serotonin and γ‐aminobutyric acid in four rat brain regions
Authors: Liu Rong‐xia , Xian You‐yan , Liu Sha , Yu Fei , Mu Hong‐jie , Sun Kao‐xiang , Liu Wan‐hui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs biomarkers, endogenous neurotransmitters play critical roles in the process of neuropsychiatric diseases, and neurotransmitter levels in different brain regions can contribute to neurological disease diagnosis and treatment. Due to the lack of a blank matrix for endogenous neurotransmitters, surrogate‐matrix and surrogate‐analyte approaches have been used for the determination of neurotransmitters to solve this problem. In this study, we capitalised on the high accuracy, precision, and throughput of UHPLC‐MS/MS and developed new methods based on the two approaches. Both approaches satisfied FDA and EMA validation criterias after an appropriate parallelism assessment, and they were used to further quantify the three endogenous neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA), serotonin (5‐HT) and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rat brain four regions (cortex, striatum, hypothalamus and hippocampus) which represent the catecholamines, indolamines, and amino acids, respectively. Comparison of the results in the same rats (n = 10) showed there was no significant difference in DA, 5‐HT, or GABA levels between the two approaches (P > 0.05). The concentrations of DA and GABA were highest in striatum and hypothalamus, respectively, and the levels of 5‐HT were paralleled in striatum and hippocampus almost 2‐fold higher than other regions. This is the first study to compare these two approaches in the determination of endogenous neurotransmitter content in the rat brain, and the surrogate‐matrix approach proved to be simple, rapid, and reliable, considering cost, matrix similarity, and practicality.
Criminal responsibility: Meta‐analysis and study space
Authors: Kois Lauren E. , Chauhan Preeti 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile some correlates of criminal responsibility (CR) outcomes are consistent, others are not. Study‐level characteristics, such as sample selection, variability in the operational definition of insanity, or other unknown influences may explain discrepant findings. It is critical to systematically consolidate and assess the literature in order to guide future work. We conducted the first meta‐analysis and study space analysis (see Malpass et al., ) in this area. 15 studies met inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis, which encompassed 19,500 cases. Summary effects for psycholegal cases indicated that older age, female sex, educational attainment, and unemployment were associated with insanity. Those classified insane more often had psychiatric histories and psychotic disorders. Finally, individuals opined or found insane were less likely to have criminal histories but more likely to have been opined incompetent to stand trial in the past. Importantly, virtually all summary effects were impacted by study design. Study space analyses (N = 7) revealed a dearth of literature that thoroughly addressed theoretically important variables. Taken together, the project provides a comprehensive, empirical analysis of CR correlates and a systematic call for future research.
Add‐on Preferential Groups (APG): Analyzing student preferences of teaching methods
Authors: Vieira Camilo , Magana Alejandra J. , Boutin Mireille 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes an assessment approach herein called the Add‐on Preferential Groups (APG) model. The proposed model is used to analyze and identify students' perceptions and preferences between add‐on instructional methods and base traditional methods such as classroom lectures. The model groups students based on their responses to the perceived usefulness of a set of instructional approaches, and uses a traditional lecture‐based method as base for comparison. It includes three levels of analysis that focus on different aspects and groupings of student perceptions and relative preferences; each level is visualized using a 2D gray‐scale graph representing the fractions of students falling into different perception and preference groups. In addition, the model uses permutation tests to validate the significance of the differences among the perception and preference groups. The paper shows how this model was applied to analyze students' responses to an end of the semester survey in a graduate course.
Inverse association of vitamin D3 levels with lung cancer mediated by genetic variation
Authors: Haznadar Majda , Krausz Kristopher W. , Margono Ezra , Diehl Christopher M. , Bowman Elise D. , Manna Soumen Kanti , Robles Ana I. , Ryan Bríd M. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Harris Curtis C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVitamin D is an essential micronutrient required for normal physiological function and recognized for its role regulating calcium metabolism. Recent work is beginning to emerge demonstrating a role for vitamin D in chronic illnesses, such as cancer. Circulating serum levels of 25(OH)D2/3 were quantitatively measured using sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) in 406 lung cancer cases and 437 population controls, while 1,25(OH)2D2/3 levels were measured in a subset of 90 cases and 104 controls using the same method, from the NCI‐MD case–control cohort. 25(OH)D3 levels were inversely associated with lung cancer status across quartiles (Q2 vs. Q1: ORadjusted = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.8; Q3 vs. Q1: ORadjusted = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.8; Q4 vs. Q1: ORadjusted = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.2–0.9; Ptrend = 0.004). Levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 were also inversely associated with lung cancer status (Q2 vs. Q1: ORadjusted = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.03–0.7; Q3 vs. Q1: ORadjusted = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.01–0.4; Q4 vs. Q1: ORadjusted = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01–0.3; Ptrend<0.0001). Although the observed trends were similar for the 25(OH)D2 (Ptrend = 0.08), no significant associations were seen between vitamin D2 and lung cancer status. Additionally, genotyping of 296 SNPs in the same subjects resulted in findings that 27 SNPs, predominantly in CYP24A1 and VDR genes, were significantly associated with lung cancer status, affected mRNA expression, and modulated vitamin D levels. These findings suggest a protective role for vitamin D3 in lung cancer, with similar trends but insignificant findings for D2. Vitamin D3 levels appeared to be modulated by genetic variation in CYP24A1 and VDR genes. Additional research to illuminate the mechanism(s) through which vitamin D exacerbates effects against lung carcinogenesis is warranted.
Long‐term oncological outcomes of local excision versus radical resection for early colorectal cancer in young patients without preoperative chemoradiotherapy: a population‐based propensity matching study
Authors: Cao Bin , Min Li , Zhu Shengtao , Shi Haiyun , Zhang Shutian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma are rising in young adults. This population‐based propensity matching study aimed to compare long‐term oncological outcomes of local excision with radical resection for early localized colorectal cancer (CRC) in young patients without preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Patients under 45 years old with T1 colon or rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent local excision or radical resection were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 1998 and 2014. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cancer‐specific survival (CSS) was compared using adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) between local excision and radical resection. After propensity score matching procedure, total of 1719 patients were included in the analysis, among which 573 treated with local excision and 1146 treated with radical resection. The median follow‐up was 80 months (interquartile range(IQR): 37–132), with 1074 patients followed for ≥5 years and 508 patients followed for ≥10 years. Five‐year CSS of local excision versus radical resection was 93.4% versus 96.7% for colon cancer and 96.6% versus 98.4% for rectal cancer. Ten‐year CSS of local excision versus radical resection was 91.4% versus 94.0% for colon cancer and 92.8% versus 96.7% for rectal cancer. On multivariable analysis, compared with radical resection, local excision was not associated with inferior CSS for colon (HR 1.74, 95% CI: 0.92–3.29, P = 0.090) and rectal cancer (HR 2.16, 95% CI: 0.99–4.71, P = 0.052). There is no evidence of differential long‐term oncological outcomes between local excision and radical resection. These findings supported clinical application of local excision for early colon and rectal cancer in young adults.
Conformation Analysis of GalNAc‐Appended Sugar Amino Acid Foldamers as Glycopeptide Mimics
Authors: Sunkari Yashoda Krishna , Pulukuri Kiran Kumar , Kandiyal Pancham Singh , Vaishnav Jayanti , Ampapathi Ravi Sankar , Chakraborty Tushar Kanti 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSugar amino acid (SAA)‐based foldamers with well‐defined secondary structures were appended with N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) sugars to access sequence‐defined, multidentate glycoconjugates with full control over number, spacing and position. Conformation analysis of these glycopeptides by extensive NMR spectroscopic studies revealed that the appended GalNAc units had a profound influence on the native conformational behaviour of the SAA foldamers. Whereas the 2,5‐cis glycoconjugate showed a helical structure in water, comprising of two consecutive 16‐membered hydrogen bonds, its 2,5‐trans congener displayed an unprecedented 16/10‐mixed turn structure not seen before in any glycopeptide foldamer.
Long‐term outcomes of patent foramen ovale closure or medical therapy after cryptogenic stroke: A meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Abdelaziz Hesham K. , Saad Marwan , Abuomara Hossamaldin Z. , Nairooz Ramez , Pothineni Naga Venkata K. , Madmani Mohamed E. , Roberts David H. , Mahmud Ehtisham 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo examine long‐term clinical outcomes with transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure versus medical therapy alone in patients with cryptogenic stroke.BackgroundA long‐standing debate regarding the optimal approach for the management of patients with PFO after a cryptogenic stroke exists.MethodsAn electronic search was performed for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting clinical outcomes with PFO closure vs. medical therapy alone after stroke. Random effects DerSimonian‐Laird risk ratios (RR) were calculated. The main outcome was recurrence of stroke. Other outcomes included transient ischemic attack (TIA), new‐onset atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL), major bleeding, serious adverse events, and device‐related complications. All‐cause mortality was also examined.ResultsFive RCTs with a total of 3,440 patients were included. At a mean follow‐up of 4.02 ± 1.57 years, PFO closure was associated with less recurrence of stroke (RR = 0.43; 95% CI 0.19–0.91; P = .027) compared with medical therapy alone. No difference was observed between both strategies for TIA (P = .21), major bleeding (P = .69), serious adverse events (P = .35), and all‐cause death (P = .48). However, PFO closure, was associated with increased new‐onset AF/AFL (P < .001), risk of pulmonary embolism (P = .04), and device‐related complications (P < .001). On a subgroup analysis, stroke recurrence rate remained lower in PFO closure arm regardless of the type of closure device used (Pinteraction = .50), or the presence of substantial shunt in the majority of study population (Pinteraction = .13).ConclusionsTranscatheter PFO closure reduces the recurrence of stroke compared with medical therapy alone, with no significant safety concerns. Close follow‐up of patients after PFO closure is recommended to detect new‐onset atrial arrhythmias.
Comparison of paravalvular aortic leak characteristics in the Medtronic CoreValve versus Edwards Sapien Valve: Paravalvular aortic leak characteristics
Authors: Gilbert Olivia N. , Choi Charles H. , Franzil Jodie L. , Caughey Melissa , Qureshi Waqas , Stacey R. Brandon , Pu Min , Applegate Robert J. , Gandhi Sanjay K. , Zhao David X. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTemporally quantify and localize paravalvular aortic leak (PVL) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the Medtronic CoreValve (MCV) versus the Edwards Sapien Valve (ESV).BackgroundIn order to increase the precision of THV selection and PVL intervention, an understanding of PVL characteristics is essential.MethodsThe frequency, severity, and location of post‐TAVR PVL were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography pre‐discharge, one month, and one‐year post‐procedure in 202 patients receiving a MCV (N = 120) or ESV (N = 81). This was done through application of a clock face to the short axis of the aortic valve in order to divide the area into three tertiles.ResultsPre‐discharge differences between PVL frequency and severity in the MCV and ESV lost significance over time. Localizing these trends, MCV PVL frequency and severity significantly decreased in the first and third tertiles during most time periods while PVL in the second tertile of the MCV or in any of the tertiles of the ESV failed to improve. Presence of pre‐discharge PVL was predictive of 30‐day HF readmission and/or death (OR = 3.16, 95% CI: 0.99–10.12). Presence of pre‐discharge and 30‐day PVL was predictive of 1‐year HF readmissions and/or death (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.09–4.13 and OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 0.96–4.12).ConclusionsWhen comparing the MCV and ESV, not all locations of PVL improve equally over time, which has implications for heart failure readmissions. This could be used to influence valve selection and to identify cases in which earlier intervention on PVL may be appropriate.
Successful exclusion of an aortic aneurysm with a novel PTFE‐tube covered cobalt‐chromium stent in a pediatric patient with native coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Nordmeyer Johannes , Kramer Peter , Berger Felix , Schubert Stephan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTreatment of aneurysmal lesions in the context of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a challenging task and these lesions are rare in children. An 11‐year‐old boy was incidentally diagnosed with native CoA and concomitant complex aneurysmal lesions during medical check‐up for arterial hypertension. Pre‐catheterization imaging was performed with computed tomography (CT), which showed a mild CoA and two native aneurysms that were juxtaposed to the origin of the left subclavian artery. For planning and guidance of the catheter procedure, image fusion software was used with an overlay from pre‐registered three‐dimensional reconstruction images on live fluoroscopy. Here, we report the first case of successful treatment of an aneurysmal lesion in the context of native coarctation with a novel PTFE‐tube covered cobalt‐chromium stent (BeGraft, Bentley) in a pediatric patient.