bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and platinum-containing chemotherapy for later-line advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective three-arm real-world study using propensity-score matching
Authors: Wang Zeyang , Ren Bingnan , Yang Haotian , Qiu Xuejia , Wu Yin , Xue Chaojun , Zhao Yue , Li Xiao , Yu Ze , Zhang Jinyuan 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsClinical data on patients with advanced NSCLC were collected from June 2019 to October 2022 at Hebei General Hospital, China. The efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with ICIs and platinum-containing chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoint was the disease control rate (DCR) and overall survival (OS). Survival curves were created using the Kaplan–Meier method. The efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated according to the RECIST 1.1 and CTCAE 5.0 standards.ResultsA total of 54 patients were enrolled in this study after propensity score matching (PSM), including 27 men and 17 women, with a median age of 59. A total of 26 patients received anlotinib + ICIs + platinum-containing chemotherapy (AIC), 15 patients received anlotinib + platinum-containing chemotherapy (AC), and 13 patients received ICIs + platinum-containing chemotherapy (IC). The PFS of the AIC group was 7.76 months (95% CI: 3.71–NC). The DCR was 65.38%. The OS endpoint had not been reached, The AIC combination regimen group had a significantly longer PFS than the IC group (mPFS, 7.76 vs. 2.33 months, p=0.012, HR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.06–0.8). There was no significant difference in the DCR between the two groups (65.38% vs. 53.85%, p=0.326). There was a statistically significant difference in PFS between the AC group and the IC group (mPFS, 9.2 vs. 2.33 months, p=0.02, HR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.65). There was no significant difference in the DCR between the two groups (40% vs. 53.85%, p=0.445). The common adverse reactions of the combination of anti-angiogenic agents, ICIs, and platinum-containing chemotherapy were anemia (34.62%), allergic reactions (19.23%), thrombocytopenia (11.54%), gastrointestinal reactions (15.38%), and hepatobiliary disorders (11.54%). Most of them were manageable.ConclusionsAnlotinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and platinum-containing chemotherapy regimens offers a good survival benefit for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who fail to respond to standard therapy. When both efficacy and safety are considered, a combination of anti-angiogenic agents, ICIs, and platinum-containing chemotherapy can be used as a choice for the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
Salvage chemotherapy after progression on immunotherapy in recurrent/metastatic squamous cell head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Llop Sandra , Plana Maria , Tous Sara , Ferrando-Díez Angelica , Brenes Jesús , Juarez Marc , Vidales Zara , Vilajosana Esther , Linares Isabel , Arribas Lorena , Duch Maria , Fulla Marta , Brunet Aina , Lozano Alicia , Cirauqui Beatriz , Mesía Ricard , Oliva Marc 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesAnti-PD-(L)1 agents changed the landscape of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) treatment. Previous studies showed improved response rates to salvage chemotherapy (SCT) after progression to anti-PD-(L)1 agents. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of SCT and to identify predictors of response and survival in patients with R/M HNSCC.Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort analysis of 63 R/M patients treated with SCT after antiPD-(L1)-based therapy between January 2015 and August 2022. The overall response rate (ORR) was evaluated. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with Kaplan–Meier method. Progression-free survival 2 was calculated from anti-PD-(L)1-therapy start until progression to SCT (PFS2-I). Logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of outcome.ResultsA total of 63 patients were included: 76% were men, and median age was 60 years. PD-L1 status was available in 68% (61% positive). Up to 71% received SCT as third line or beyond. ORR to SCT was 49% with higher rates in PD-L1 positive tumors, 71% vs. 18% (p=0.001), and cetuximab-containing regimens, 68% vs. 39% (p=0.026). PD-L1 status was the only predictor of ORR in the adjusted model (OR=8.6, 95% CI 1.7–43.0). OS and PFS were 9.3 months (95% CI, 6.5–12.3) and 4.1 months (95% CI, 3.0–5.8) respectively. PFS2-I was 8.6 months (95% CI, 6.6–10.5). In the multivariate analysis, PD-L1 was the only independent factor for OS (HR=0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.7), PFS (HR=0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.5; p&lt;0.001), and PFS2-I (HR=0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.5; p&lt;0.001).ConclusionPDL1 status appeared as a strong predictor of response of efficacy for SCT after anti-PD-(L)1 agents. Patients receiving cetuximab-containing regimens trended towards greater benefit. This highlights the importance of treatment sequencing and personalized treatment strategies.
A novel comprehensive metric balancing imaging dose and setup accuracy in image-guided radiotherapy: concept proposal and clinical validation
Authors: Liu Jiang , Fu Xinhui , Luo Zhiyao , Yin Chuou , Li Qiao , Fan Xigang , Li Tian , Lin Chen , Xu Shouping , Zhang Yibao 
Published: November 2024

PurposeTo propose and validate a comprehensive novel metric balancing the registration accuracy and imaging dose for image-guided-radiotherapy based on real patient data.Materials and methodsWith written informed consent and ethical approval, 56 patients were scanned using 6MV CBCT, 140 kV CBCT, and 100 kV CBCT on Halcyon system for three consecutive treatment fractions. Online registration was performed by various on-duty therapists under routine clinical pressure and time limitation. Offline registration was carried out by an experienced physicist without pressure. The consistency between the online and offline results was used as a surrogate of the missing ground-truth of registration accuracy, which was usually developed by introducing ‘known’ setup errors and rescan the phantoms, yet is ethnically not applicable to real patients. The registration differences (ΔD) between various imaging methods and observers were analyzed. The weighted CT dose index (CTDIw) for kV and MV CBCT was acquired using the PTW CTDI head phantom. The weighted-Dose-Accuracy-Product (DAPw) index was defined as DAPw =ΔD(mm) w1* CTDIw(mGy) w2, where w1 and w2 are the weighting factors of accuracy and dose respectively (w1+w2 = 1).ResultsThe mean and interquartile range (IQR) of ΔD decreased monotonically for MV CBCT, 100 kV CBCT, and 140 kV CBCT, supporting the registration consistency as a surrogate metric of image quality. Significant differences of ΔD were observed between the online and offline registration across three imaging methods (P&lt;0.05). The 140 kV CBCT provides superior positioning accuracy, less dependency on observer subjectivity and time pressure of clinical workflow. Using w1=w2 = 0.5 as an example, the smallest mean, standard deviation, and IQR of DAPw were observed on the 100 kV CBCT, indicating optimal balance between dose and accuracy than the other two methods. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant differences in DAPw among the different imaging methods (P&lt;0.01, F=50.57).ConclusionUsing registration consistency as a surrogate indicator of image quality, this study proposed and validated a novel “DAPw” parameter based on real patient data, providing a purpose-specific tool for balancing setup accuracy and radiation dose in clinic.
Efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy and lymph node dissection in advanced gallbladder cancer without distant metastases: a SEER database analysis
Authors: Dong Jun , Zhu Zhengqiu 
Published: November 2024

PurposeTo investigate the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy and lymph node dissection(LND) on overall survival (OS) in patients with stage III/IV gallbladder cancer without distant metastases.MethodsData from 101 patients who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy, and 1412 patients who received direct surgical treatment followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, were collected from the SEER database from 2004 to 2020. Patients were divided into group A (neoadjuvant therapy) and group B (direct surgery) based on the treatment modality. A total of 202 cases were obtained after propensity score matching, with 101 cases in each group (A and B). Cox unifactorial and multifactorial analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for patients with advanced cholecystic carcinoma, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze overall survival (OS). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the effect of different subgroups on OS in both patient groups. Further survival analyses were conducted to determine whether lymph node dissection(LND) was beneficial for patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy for gallbladder cancer.ResultsCox univariate analysis showed that marital status, AJCC stage, number of LND, tumor size, and treatment modality were associated with OS (P&lt;0.05). Cox multifactorial regression analysis indicated that AJCC stage, LND, tumor size, and treatment modality were independent risk factors for OS in patients with non-metastatic advanced gallbladder cancer (P&lt;0.05). Survival curves demonstrated that the OS in group A was longer than in group B (median OS: 30 months vs. 14 months, P&lt;0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that neoadjuvant therapy had a consistent effect on the OS of patients with advanced gallbladder cancer, improving both survival time and outcomes. Survival curves indicated that lymph node dissection was not significant in group A patients (p&gt;0.05) but was significant in group B (p&lt;0.05).ConclusionNeoadjuvant therapy can improve the OS of patients with non-metastatic stage III/IV gallbladder cancer and is an independent risk factor affecting prognosis; however, the significance of lymph node dissection in these patients still needs further study.
Diagnostic and prognostic values of HCG15 and morrbid in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Huang Min , Wu Bohua , Ou Xiuxia , Sun Shuo , Han Kedong , Li Lijian , Liang Haiyan , Qiu Chunchan , Xu Qingbo 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) represents the gravest manifestation of ischemic heart disease, with the primary cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although timely and accurate diagnosis of AMI is crucial in clinical practice, they are impeded by the limitation of current biomarkers. We aimed to explore the potential predictive value of two novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HCG15 and Morrbid in AMI diagnosis and prognosis.MethodWe measured the lncRNA levels in the blood samples of 412 AMI patients and 111 healthy volunteers with the RT-PCR method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to access the diagnostic value of selected lncRNAs. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) and the Kaplan-Meier method were utilized to examine the predictive value of the selected lncRNAs in AMI diagnosis.ResultROC curves identified an acceptable diagnostic value of HCG15 and Morrbid (AUC for HCG15: 0.937; AUC for Morrbid: 0.940). RCS and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the cut-off value of 3.6 for HCG15 and 4.0 for Morrbid have a good predictive value in MACCE within 12 months once AMI was diagnosed (p-value for HCG15: p = 0.025; p-value for Morrbid: p &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionHCG15 and Morrbid were confirmed as promising lncRNA biomarkers for both diagnosis and prognosis of AMI in this study. Additionally, their importance of application in real-world clinical practice and underlying mechanisms in AMI diagnosis and prognosis remain to be explored.
Integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular responses of tobacco to magnesium deficiency
Authors: Liang Tingmin , Lin Jinbin , Wu Shengxin , Ye Rongrong , Qu Mengyu , Xie Rongrong , Lin Yingfeng , Gao Jingjuan , Wang Yuemin , Ke Yuqin , Li Chunying , Guo Jinping , Lu Jianjun , Tang Weiqi , Chen Songbiao , Li Wenqing 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionMagnesium (Mg) is a crucial macronutrient for plants. Understanding the molecular responses of plants to different levels of Mg supply is important for improving cultivation practices and breeding new varieties with efficient Mg utilization.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedling leaves to investigate changes in gene expression in response to different levels of Mg supply, including Mg-deficient, 1/4-normal Mg, normal Mg, and 4×-normal Mg, with a particular focus on Mg deficiency at 5, 15 and 25 days after treatment (DAT), respectively.ResultsA total of 11,267 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the Mg-deficient, 1/4-normal Mg, and/or 4×-normal Mg seedlings compared to the normal Mg seedlings. The global gene expression profiles revealed potential mechanisms involved in the response to Mg deficiency in tobacco leaves, including down-regulation of genes–two DEGs encoding mitochondria-localized NtMGT7 and NtMGT9 homologs, and one DEG encoding a tonoplast-localized NtMHX1 homolog–associated with Mg trafficking from the cytosol to mitochondria and vacuoles, decreased expression of genes linked to photosynthesis and carbon fixation at later stages, and up-regulation of genes related to antioxidant defenses, such as NtPODs, NtPrxs, and NtGSTs.DiscussionOur findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying how tobacco responds to Mg deficiency.
Functional connectivity density of different suicidal behaviors in adolescents with major depressive disorders
Authors: Zhong Hui , Zhang Jianzhao , Mo Daming , Zheng Hongyu , Li Mengting , Liu Wenyuan , Shen Xiaoshuang , Cao Xiaomei , Jia Yanbin 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundSuicidal behavior including suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) is a common clinical feature of adolescent patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). We hypothesized that differences in functional connectivity density (FCD) exist between adolescent patients with SA and SI, and aimed to investigate the different suicidal behaviors in adolescents patients with MDD17.Methods37 MDD adolescents with SA, 34 MDD adolescents with SI, 20 MDD adolescents without SA and SI (non-suicidal group), and 20 adolescents healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. All participants were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluated the FCD. Between-group differences of all variables were analyzed. The relationships between FCD values and clinical scale scores were also analyzed.ResultsThe FCD of the left inferior occipital gyrus in the SI group was higher than those in the other groups. The FCD in the SA group was higher than that in the control group. The FCD of the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus in the SI group was lower than that in the other three groups. The FCD values of the left precentral gyrus in the SI group were higher than those in the other three groups. The left inferior occipital gyrus FCD positively correlated with the suicide factor score of Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus negatively correlated with the HAMD suicide factor score but not with the HAMD total score.ConclusionChanges in FCD in adolescent patients with depression and SI can reflect changes in functional connections in the brain.
Canopy height mapping in French Guiana using multi-source satellite data and environmental information in a U-Net architecture
Authors: Lahssini Kamel , Baghdadi Nicolas , le Maire Guerric , Fayad Ibrahim , Villard Ludovic 
Published: November 2024

Canopy height is a key indicator of tropical forest structure. In this study, we present a deep learning application to map canopy height in French Guiana using freely available multi-source satellite data (optical and radar) and complementary environmental information. The potential of a U-Net architecture trained on sparse and unevenly distributed GEDI data to generate a continuous canopy height map at a regional scale was assessed. The developed model, named CHNET, successfully produced a canopy height map of French Guiana at a 10-m spatial resolution, achieving relatively good accuracy compared to a validation airborne LiDAR scanning (ALS) dataset. The study demonstrates that relevant environmental descriptors, namely, height above nearest drainage (HAND) and forest landscape types (FLT), significantly contribute to the model’s accuracy, highlighting that these descriptors bring important information on canopy structural properties and that the CHNET framework can efficiently use this information to improve canopy height prediction. Another critical aspect highlighted is the necessity of addressing GEDI data inaccuracies and geolocation uncertainties, which is essential for any GEDI-based application. However, challenges remain, particularly in characterizing tall canopies, as our CHNET model exhibits a tendency to underestimate canopy heights greater than 35 m. A large part of this error arises from the use of GEDI measurements as reference, given the fact these data exhibit certain saturation in tropical biomes. Future improvements in the analysis of GEDI signal as well as the implementation of robust models are essential for better characterization of dense and tall tropical forest ecosystems.
Risk factors associated with human echinococcosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kakamad Fahmi H. , Anwar Khanda A. , Ahmed Harem K. , Habibullah Imad J. , Kaka Ali Hemn H. , Nasralla Hawkar A. , Abdullah Hiwa O. , Tahir Soran H. , Kareem Honar O. , Hasan Ali H. , Gharib Dana T. , Asaad Hoshmand R. , Mohammed Ayoob A. , Abdalla Berun A. , Esmaeil Deari A. , Rashid Rezheen J. , Hamahussein Karokh F. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionEchinococcosis is a widespread zoonotic disease caused by tapeworms of the Echinococcus genus, manifesting in mature or larval forms. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are the primary types affecting humans, linked, respectively, to Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk factors associated with CE and AE in humans.MethodsRelevant English publications were found through a thorough search of eligible databases. The inclusion criteria focused on cross-sectional and case–control studies investigating risk factors for human echinococcosis. Collected data included author, country, study design, demographics, sample size, literacy, occupation, drinking water source, dog ownership, and hand hygiene.ResultsA total of 1,594 studies were found in the initial search, with only 36 papers (involving 1,207,436 cases) meeting the inclusion criteria. Most of the study population (99.35%) showed no echinococcosis infection, while 0.65% were infected. Of the infected cases, 77.92% had CE, while 22.08% had AE. Among 629,996 (52.18%) females, 4,830 (0.76%) were infected, compared to 2,968 (0.52%) infections among 565,872 (46.86%) males (p &lt; 0.001). Rural areas, low education levels, agricultural/livestock workers, dog owners, water sources, and poor hand hygiene were all significantly associated with the infection (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionEchinococcosis remains a global health concern, particularly among rural residents, those with lower education, agricultural workers, and dog owners. Targeted public health measures, including improved hygiene practices and access to clean water, are essential to reducing its impact.
Energy, Exergy, and Economic Performance Comparison and Parametric Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycles Using Isobutane, Isopentane, and Their Mixtures for Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Feng Junsheng , Yan Yaru , Zhao Liang , Dong Hui 
Published: November 2024

The possibility of applying the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) to further recycle the low-grade waste heat efficiently is studied in the present work. The energy, exergy, and economic models of the ORC system are established, and the isobutane, isopentane, and their mixtures are selected as the organic working mediums (OWMs). Due to the slip characteristics of mixed OWM, four operational conditions of the ORC system are proposed, and then the contrastive analysis of energy, exergy, and economic performances under the four operational conditions are conducted. Finally, the optimal mixture mass fraction and crucial parameters of the ORC system are separately determined through the bi-objective optimization. The results show that the ORC system using the mixed OWM can achieve a larger net power output and exergy efficiency by comparing the pure OWM when the condensing temperature is set as the saturated vapor temperature during the condensation process. The electricity production cost first rises and then decreases with the rising mass fraction of isobutane in mixed OWM, and the ORC system using the isopentane can achieve the smallest electricity production cost. By taking the low-grade flue gas of 433.15 K as the ORC heat source, four operational conditions have the same optimal ORC crucial parameters, namely the evaporating temperature of 393.15 K, condensing temperature of 308.15 K, and superheat degree of 0 K. The pure OWM of isobutane can achieve better overall performance by setting the condensing temperature as the saturated liquid temperature.
Earnings Persistence Determinants in Indonesia’s Automotive Industries
Authors: Latifah Yuni , Hernawati Erna 
Published: November 2024

The financial performance of companies, particularly as reflected in financial statements, is crucial for decision-making. Earnings persistence, which is defined as the ability of a company to maintain stable earnings from one period to the next, is a key indicator in assessing the financial health and stability of a company. This research aims to analyze the patterns, trends, and best strategies in the use of digital technology and digital transformation implemented by companies in the global market. The study's population includes automotive sub-sector companies, and their components listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023, with purposive sampling serving as the sampling method, and 18 companies were selected as the samples. The technique applied for data analysis is the multiple regression method. The discoveries from this research prove that company size, accrual reliability, and book tax differences do not significantly affect earnings consistency. Meanwhile, the debt ratio has a significant effect on earnings persistence.
Keywords: Firm Size; Accrual Reliability; Book Tax Differences; Debt Asset to Ratio; Earning Persistence.