bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bonded aerospace repairs under tensile loading: Wet chemical surface treatment and selected environmental conditions
Authors: Röper Florian , Wolfahrt Markus , Schlögl Sandra , Kucher Georg , Pinter Gerald 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTRepair of composite structures and the impact of demanding environmental conditions is a crucial issue for the aircraft industry because of the increasing use of composites in modern aircraft. Consequently, the impact of environmental conditions common for aircraft applications on repair specimens in comparison to nonrepaired specimens is studied. All specimens are produced from a woven carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy‐based prepreg. For the repair‐specimens, an epoxy‐based film adhesive is used for the soft patch repair approach. During the repair process, the surface of the precured prepreg is prepared by a mechanical method (sanding) and an additional chemical functionalization, respectively. Moisture absorption of the repair specimens is independent of the surface preparation method and higher for the repaired than for the nonrepaired specimens. The key influencing environmental conditions for the tensile strength and the failure mode of the repair specimens are elevated temperature testing as well as hot/wet conditioning and conditioning in deionized water. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47506.
Exploring ligand–protein interaction: A laboratory exercise on herbicide binding to plasma transport protein
Authors: Roslan Amira Adlin , Tayyab Saad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA laboratory exercise on the interaction between the herbicide pendimethalin (PM) and goat serum albumin (GSA), a carrier protein present in mammalian blood circulation, is described. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the binding reaction between PM and GSA. Titration of a constant amount of the protein (GSA) with increasing ligand (PM) concentrations produced a consecutive decrease in the protein's fluorescence. Treatment of the fluorescence quenching data according to the Stern–Volmer equation yielded the values of the Stern–Volmer constant (Ksv) and bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq), whereas values of the binding constant (Ka) and number of binding sites (n) were obtained from the double logarithmic plot. This experiment provides an exciting opportunity for undergraduate students to independently perform ligand binding studies with a protein, in addition to providing the means for the determination of their binding parameters. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(2): 156–160, 2019.
Can multinational companies foster institutional change and sustainable development in emerging countries? A case study
Authors: Forcadell Francisco Javier , Aracil Elisa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEmerging countries present institutional necessities that hinder their sustainable development. In the face of this challenge, companies, and in particular multinational companies (MNCs), can foster sustainable development through their corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. This study focuses on the role of institutional change in transforming CSR into sustainable development in emerging countries. To this end, we propose a view of CSR focused on its institutional determinants and outcomes from a social and developmental perspective. By using quantitative and qualitative data, we analyse the case of three MNCs from different industries based in Europe and operating in Mexico. The case study shows how firms can stimulate institutional change in developing economies and contribute to their sustainable development as measured by the sustainable development goals. Various mechanisms about how this process is made are devised: institutional entrepreneurship, multistakeholder initiatives, interconnection of different institutional dimensions, and subsidiary entrepreneurship. The case study highlights the interaction among MNCs, developing countries, and institutions and how firms' sustainable actions scale up to the macro level.
Mandatory corporate social responsibility in India and its effect on corporate financial performance: Perspectives from institutional theory and resource‐based view
Authors: Nair Asha K.S. , Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe enactment of the Companies Act of 2013 in India mandating CSR spending is a regulatory pressure from the government. Institutional theory suggests that such regulatory pressure has an impact on firm heterogeneity and consequently on the competitive advantage of a firm. On the other hand, a firm's resources and capabilities like R&D expertise, advertising intensity and staff welfare& training intensity leads to firm heterogeneity and helps firm to achieve competitive advantage. So, this paper combines the insights of the resource‐based view with the institutional perspective from the organization theory to study the combined impact of both on financial performance. The study was conducted on Indian firms which belonged to the top thousand firms by sales for the time‐period between the years 2010 and 2018. The data was collected from CMIE Prowess database.
Significant Discovery of Tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridine‐2‐carboxamide Analogs as Potent P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Bhalekar Sujit B. , Shelke Sharad N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA series of analogs containing tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridine‐2‐carboxamide as a building block with numerous alicyclic and aromatic amines were synthesized. All analogs were characterized by spectral analysis and evaluated for their in vitro antiplatelet activity. 4‐Fluorophenyl amide derivatives (compounds 8–11) have been found to be most active in the series with respect to prasugrel and aspirin, a third generation antiplatelet agents (P2Y12 receptor antagonists). Docking study also manifested the admirable binding mode of in vitro active compounds 10 and 11 with the target protein. The results may provide a new perception for future pharmacophore with simple design strategy and avoid tedious synthesis of clopidogrel and prasugrel.
The influence of Elixhauser comorbidity index on percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes
Authors: Potts Jessica , Nagaraja Vinayak , Al Suwaidi Jassim , Brugaletta Salvatore , Martinez Sara C. , Alraies Chadi , Fischman David , Kwok Chun Shing , Nolan Jim , Mylotte Darren , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical outcomes with respect to the evolution of comorbidity burden in national cohorts of patients undergoing PCI have not been reported.ObjectivesWe sought to explore the association between comorbidity burden and periprocedural outcomes in patients treated with PCI in the National Inpatient Sample.Methods6,601,526 PCI procedures were identified between 2004 and 2014 and comorbidities were defined by the Elixhauser classification system (ECS) consisting of 30 comorbidity measures. Endpoints included in‐hospital mortality, periprocedural complications, length of stay and cost. Patients were classified based on their ECS in five categories (ECS I < 0, ECS II = 0, ECS III = 1–5, ECS IV = 6–13, and ECS V ≥ 14).ResultsPatients with a score over 13 had a fivefold increase in the odds of mortality (OR: 5.13, 95% CI: 4.76–5.54), major bleeding (OR: 11.46, 95% CI: 10.66–12.33) and doubled the hospitalization costs ($31,452 vs $17.566).ConclusionsOur study of over six million PCI procedures demonstrates that patients with the greatest comorbid burden (as defined by an ECS of >13) have a fivefold increase risk of in‐hospital mortality, a fourfold increase in in‐hospital periprocedural complications and an 11‐fold increase in major bleeding events once differences in baseline patient characteristics are adjusted for. In addition, ECS significantly impacts the length of stay and doubles the healthcare costs. Comorbid burden is an important predictor of poor outcomes after PCI and should be considered as part of the decision‐making processes in patients undergoing PCI.
Transcatheter redirection of hepatic venous blood to treat unilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in a Fontan circulation by short‐term total exclusion of the unaffected lung
Authors: Adamson Gregory T. , Peng Lynn F. , Lui George K. , Perry Stanton B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractClinically significant unilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) can develop in patients with a Fontan circulation when there is unbalanced distribution of hepatic venous (HV) blood flow to the lungs. There are reported surgical and transcatheter techniques to treat PAVMs by rerouting HV return, with promising short‐term results. We report a case of a novel, technically simple transcatheter approach to redirect HV blood flow in an adult Fontan patient with polysplenia syndrome and severe unilateral PAVMs. Our patient had a two‐stage procedure, the first to redirect all HV blood flow to the affected lung with a single covered stent, and a second to confirm resolution of PAVMs and to reintroduce HV effluent to the unaffected lung. At 10‐month follow‐up, her oxygen saturations had increased from 75% to 93% with a marked improvement in her functional status.
Delayed efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation on arrhythmias originating in the interventricular basal septum
Authors: Mariani Marco V. , Gatto Maria C. , Piro Agostino , Fedele Francesco , Lavalle Carlo 
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical MessageDelayed efficacy of radiofrequency energy can suppress ventricular arrhythmias after a failed ablation procedure. The implant of cardiac defibrillator for arrhythmia‐induced cardiomyopathy should be procrastinated after a period of follow‐up. Waiting for delayed efficacy is a reasonable choice to reduce the risk of complications associated with aggressive ablative approaches.
Peripheral hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome due to oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Kobayashi Shinichiro , Okudaira Sadayuki , Kobayashi Kazuma , Kanetaka Kengo , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical MessageHepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome during oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy has been shown to be associated with severe steatohepatitis. Gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may identify various features of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, even when the lesion cannot be differentiated from sinusoidal obstruction syndrome by other imaging tools.
A comparison of two PLS‐based approaches to structural equation modeling
Authors: Romano Rosaria , Tomic Oliver , Liland Kristian H. , Smilde Age , Næs Tormod 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to path modeling named SO‐PLS path modeling (SO‐PLS‐PM) and compares it with the more well‐known PLS path modeling (PLS‐PM). The new method is flexible and graphically oriented and allows for handling multidimensional blocks and diagnosing missing paths. In order to allow for a thorough comparison between the two methods, new definitions of total, direct, and indirect effects in terms of explained variances are proposed, along with new methods for graphical representation. The two PLS methods are tested on two well‐known data sets in the PLS‐PM literature from customer satisfaction analysis and descriptive sensory analysis. The findings from the empirical applications serve as a basis for recommendations and guidelines regarding the use of the SO‐PLS‐PM versus PLS‐PM.
A porous fibrous hyperelastic damage model for human periodontal ligament: Application of a microcomputerized tomography finite element model
Authors: Ortún‐Terrazas Javier , Cegoñino José , Santana‐Penín Urbano , Santana‐Mora Urbano , Pérez del Palomar Amaya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe periodontal ligament (PDL) is a soft biological tissue that connects the tooth with the trabecular bone of the mandible. It plays a key role in load transmission and is primarily responsible for bone resorption and most common periodontal diseases. Although several numerical studies have analysed the biomechanical response of the PDL, most did not consider its porous fibrous structure, and only a few analysed damage to the PDL. This study presents an innovative numerical formulation of a porous fibrous hyperelastic damage material model for the PDL. The model considers two separate softening phenomena: fibre alignment during loading and fibre rupture. The parameters for the material model characterization were fitted using experimental data from the literature. Furthermore, the experimental tests used for characterization were computationally modelled to verify the material parameters. A finite element model of a portion of a human mandible, obtained by microcomputerized tomography, was developed, and the proposed constitutive model was implemented for the PDL. Our results confirm that damage to the PDL may occur mainly because of overpressure of the interstitial fluid, while large forces must be applied to damage the PDL fibrous network. Moreover, this study clarifies some aspects of the relationship between PDL damage and the bone remodelling process.
Cation Redistribution along the Spiral of Ni‐Doped Phyllosilicate Nanoscrolls: Energy Modelling and STEM/EDS Study
Authors: Krasilin Andrei A. , Khrapova Ekaterina K. , Nominé Alexandre , Ghanbaja Jaafar , Belmonte Thierry , Gusarov Victor V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHere, we study the stress‐induced self‐organization of Mg2+ and Ni2+ cations in the crystal structure of multiwalled (Mg1–x,Nix)3Si2O5(OH)4 phyllosilicate nanoscrolls. The phyllosilicate layer strives to compensate size and surface energy difference between the metal oxide and silica sheets by curling. But as soon as the layer grows, the scrolling mechanism becomes a spent force. An energy model proposes secondary compensation of strain: two cations distribute along the nanoscroll spiral in accordance with preferable radii of curvature. To reveal this, we study synthetic (Mg1–x,Nix)3Si2O5(OH)4 nanoscrolls by the scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (STEM/EDS) technique. For a number of scrolls, we have found indeed a change of Ni concentration with increase in distance from the nanoscroll central axis. The concentration gradient, according to our estimates, can reach 50 at.% over 25 nm of the wall thickness.
Conceptualizing the role of disgust in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Implications for the etiology and treatment of selective eating
Authors: Menzel Jessie E. , Reilly Erin E. , Luo Tana J. , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSelective eating is a common presenting problem in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). Understanding the etiology of selective eating will lead to the creation of more effective treatments for this problem. Recent reports have linked disgust sensitivity to picky eating, and the field has yet to conceptualize the role that disgust might play in ARFID. Disgust has long been tied to formation of taste aversions and is considered at its core to be a food‐related emotion. A brief review of the literature on disgust reveals that disgust has a unique psychophysiological profile compared to other emotions, like anxiety, and that disgust is resistant to extinction procedures. If disgust is implicated in the etiology of selective eating, its presence would have a significant impact on treatment approaches. This article provides an overview of the research on disgust and eating, a clinical example of the treatment challenges that disgust may pose, and an overview of the unique clinical features of disgust as they apply to psychopathology. We pose several research questions related to disgust and selective eating and discuss initial hypotheses for pursing this line of inquiry. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of this line of research for treatment.
Habitat differentiation among three Nigeria–Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) populations
Authors: Abwe Ekwoge E. , Morgan Bethan J. , Tchiengue Barthelemy , Kentatchime Fabrice , Doudja Roger , Ketchen Marcel E. , Teguia Eric , Ambahe Ruffin , Venditti Dana M. , Mitchell Matthew W. , Fosso Bernard , Mounga Albert , Fotso Roger C. , Gonder Mary Katherine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEcological niche models (ENMs) are often used to predict species distribution patterns from datasets that describe abiotic and biotic factors at coarse spatial scales. Ground‐truthing ENMs provide important information about how these factors relate to species‐specific requirements at a scale that is biologically relevant for the species. Chimpanzees are territorial and have a predominantly frugivorous diet. The spatial and temporal variation in fruit availability for different chimpanzee populations is thus crucial, but rarely depicted in ENMs. The genetic and geographic distinction within Nigeria–Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) populations represents a unique opportunity to understand fine scale species‐relevant ecological variation in relation to ENMs. In Cameroon, P. t. ellioti is composed of two genetically distinct populations that occupy different niches: rainforests in western Cameroon and forest–woodland–savanna mosaic (ecotone) in central Cameroon. We investigated habitat variation at three representative sites using chimpanzee‐relevant environmental variables, including fruit availability, to assess how these variables distinguish these niches from one another. Contrary to the assumption of most ENM studies that intact forest is essential for the survival of chimpanzees, we hypothesized that the ecotone and human‐modified habitats in Cameroon have sufficient resources to sustain large chimpanzee populations. Rainfall, and the diversity, density, and size of trees were higher at the rainforest. The ecotone had a higher density of terrestrial herbs and lianas. Fruit availability was higher at Ganga (ecotone) than at Bekob and Njuma. Seasonal variation in fruit availability was highest at Ganga, and periods of fruit scarcity were longer than at the rainforest sites. Introduced and secondary forest species linked with anthropogenic modification were common at Bekob, which reduced seasonality in fruit availability. Our findings highlight the value of incorporating fine scale species‐relevant ecological data to create more realistic models, which have implications for local conservation planning efforts.
Transforming urban water governance through social (triple‐loop) learning
Authors: Johannessen Åse , Gerger Swartling Åsa , Wamsler Christine , Andersson Kim , Arran Julian Timothy , Hernández Vivas Dayana Indira , Stenström Thor Axel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe sustainable development of cities is threatened by a worldwide water crisis. Improved social learning is urgently needed to transform urban water governance and make it more integrated and adaptive. However, empirical studies remain few and fragmented. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse how social learning has supported or inhibited sustainable transformations in urban water governance. On the basis of multiple case studies conducted in urban, flood‐prone areas in Colombia, the Philippines, South Africa, India, and Sweden, we study learning processes related to different aspects of water management and governance. Our results show that transformations in water governance are often triggered by crises, whereas other potentials for transformation are not tapped into. Furthermore, learning is often inhibited by “lock‐ins” created by powerful actors. We conclude that there is a need for more proactive design of governance structures for triple‐loop learning that take into account the identified barriers and supporting principles.
Eye‐movement behaviours when viewing real‐world pain‐related images
Authors: Schoth Daniel E. , Wu Jun , Zhang Jin , Guo Xiaoying , Liossi Christina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPain‐related cues are evolutionarily primed to capture attention, although evidence of attentional biases towards pain‐related information is mixed in healthy individuals. The present study explores whether healthy individuals show significantly different eye‐movement behaviours when viewing real‐world pain‐related scenes compared to neutral scenes. The effect of manipulating via written information the threat value of the pain‐related scenes on eye‐movement behaviours was also assessed.MethodsParticipants were randomized to threatening (n = 28) and non‐threatening (n = 27) information conditions. All completed a free‐viewing task with real‐world pain‐related and neutral images while their eye movements were recorded.ResultsParticipants made significantly fewer fixations of significantly longer duration when viewing pain‐related images compared to neutral images. No significant differences were found between threatening and non‐threatening information groups in their pattern of eye movements.ConclusionsThis study shows that healthy individuals demonstrate attentional biases to pain‐related real‐world complex images compared to neutral images. Future research is needed to establish the implications of these biases, particularly in the context of acute pain, on the onset and/or subsequent maintenance of chronic pain conditions.SignificanceHealthy individuals show different eye‐movement behaviours when viewing pain‐related scenes than neutral scenes, supporting evolutionary accounts of pain. Implications for the onset and/or maintenance of chronic pain need to be explored.
Cationic Dye Modified Sawdust as Electrode Modifier for Electrochemical Detection of Anions
Authors: Ngana Beaufils Ngatchou , Dedzo Gustave Kenne , Nanseu‐Njiki Charles Peguy , Ngameni Emmanuel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBecause of its chemical properties, sawdust displays poor anionic exchange capacity. Here we demonstrate that sawdust modification with methylene blue (MB) dye represents an interesting and facile alternative to render this natural biomaterial capable to accumulate anionic species. MB adsorption onto sawdust was monitored by cyclic voltammetry and experimental parameters carefully optimized. Under the ideal experimental conditions (composition of accumulation and desorption solution, accumulation and desorption time and the nature of the electrolytic solution), the adsorbed MB showed poor mobility, which results in the absence of the characteristic electrochemical signal of MB. The ability of the material to accumulate anionic species was thus evaluated using Fe(CN)63− as a model anions. The slow Fe(CN)63−/4− system recorded onto the electrode modified by pristine sawdust (P/SFE) become fast and reversible after immobilization of MB onto P/SFE (MB/SFE). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms this result through the spectacular decrease of charge transfer resistance after MB adsorption (from 83 kΩ on P/SFE to 637 Ω on MB/SFE). MB/SFE was applied to the electroanalysis of nitrites and a sensitivity of 7.4 μA mM−1 was obtained. Although this sensitivity was less important compared to that obtained on glassy carbon electrode (9.4 μA mM−1), the dye modified electrode displays by far the best reproducibility even at higher nitrite concentration.