bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host‐dependent contributions of the Cfcdp1 protease gene to virulence in the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps fumosorosea
Authors: Huang Wenyou , Huang Yü , Hao Yongfen , Huang Song , Gao Tianni , Keyhani Nemat O , Huang Zhen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe genomes of broad host range insect pathogenic fungi, including Cordyceps fumosorosea, encode for a suite of secreted proteases implicated in targeting, penetration, and degradation of the host exoskeleton or cuticle. These cuticle‐degrading proteases act as critical virulence factors, but their functions within the biological context, particularly in relation to host specificity, remain poorly characterized.RESULTA C. fumosorosea protease gene, Cfcdp1, was identified and a targeted gene‐knockout strain constructed. Minor growth defects were observed for the ΔCfcdp1 strain when compared to the wild‐type parent and complemented (ΔCfcdp1::Cfcdp1) strains, with delayed and decreased sporulation noted for the mutant. Decreased subtilisin‐like protease activity was seen for the ΔCfcdp1 strain, although total secreted protease activity was similar between the mutant and wild‐type strains. Insect bioassays using whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and cabbageworm, Pieris rapae, showed decreased infectivity, i.e. 2.4–3.4‐fold increase in lethal dose (LC50) and an increased time to death (LT50), for the ΔCfcdp1 strain. In contrast, insect bioassays using the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, or the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, showed increased infectivity, i.e. a 3–5‐fold decrease in LC50, and a decreased LT50. Differential effects were also seen on the fecundity of B. tabaci infected by the different fungal strains.CONCLUSIONThese data reveal host‐dependent effects of a protease implicated in cuticle degradation on C. fumosorosea virulence. The implications of these findings in suggesting context‐dependent requirements of cuticle‐degrading enzymes and their potentially differential roles in mediating virulence towards different hosts are discussed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Self‐service traps inspected by avian and terrestrial predators as a management option for rodents
Authors: Schlötelburg Annika , Plekat Alexandra , Bellingrath‐Kimura Sonoko , Jacob Jens 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWorldwide, serval rodent species are major pests in agricultural landscapes. A vole‐specific tub‐trap combining trapping and natural predators was developed to minimize the migration of rodents into agricultural crops. The trap was tested in enclosures in terms of its trapability of common voles (Microtus arvalisPallas) and in the field regarding predator access and removal of voles, both in comparison to a commercially available self‐service trap (standby‐box).RESULTSThe trapability of voles was equal for tub‐traps and standby‐boxes. The removal of voles occurred four times more often from tub‐traps by a wider variety of predators (e.g. smaller terrestrial predators, birds of prey). Visits by predators were most likely if study sites were not surrounded by artificial surfaces (70% visit probability by terrestrial predators) or if they were in areas that were more than 25% (semi)natural (95% visit probability by avian predators). Furthermore, visits by avian predators increased with time and a learning effect could be demonstrated for magpies (Pica picaL.). From the first to the fifth day, the visit probability of magpies quadrupled.CONCLUSIONSVisits by predators decreased with increasing cover of artificial surfaces or decreasing cover of (semi)natural areas, proving the importance of (semi)natural areas in the agricultural landscape. Long‐term trials with different baiting techniques and in landscapes characterized by organic farming should be conducted to ensure the regular removal of voles. The use of tub‐traps that are frequently visited by predators could support crop protection, which might limit the use of rodenticide and the associated exposure risk of non‐target wildlife. © 2019 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of hair, nail, and breath from tropical African human populations
Authors: Correia Maria Ana , Foley Robert , O'Connell Tamsin C. , Ramírez‐Rozzi Fernando , Mirazón Lahr Marta 
Published: July 2019

RationaleStable isotopic analyses are increasingly used to study the diets of past and present human populations. Yet, the carbon and nitrogen isotopic data of modern human diets collected so far are biased towards Europe and North America. Here, we address this gap by reporting on the dietary isotopic signatures of six tropical African communities: El Molo, Turkana (Kerio), Luhya (Webuye), Luhya (Port Victoria), and Luo (Port Victoria) from Kenya, and Baka from Cameroon; representing four subsistence strategies: fishing, pastoralism, agriculturalism, and hunter‐gatherer.MethodsWe used an elemental analyser coupled in continuous‐flow mode to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer to measure the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of hair (n = 134) and nail (n = 80) and the carbon isotopic ratios of breath (n = 184) from these communities, as well as the carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios of some food samples from the Kenyan communities.ResultsWe expand on the known range ofδ13C values in human hair through the hunter‐gatherer Baka, with a diet based on C3plants, and through the agriculturalist Luhya (Webuye), with a diet based on C4plants. In addition, we found that the consumption of fish from East African lakes is difficult to detect isotopically due to the combined effects of high nitrogen isotopic ratios of plants and the low nitrogen isotopic ratios of fish. Finally, we found that some of the communities studied are markedly changing their diets through increasing sedentism and urbanisation.ConclusionsOur findings contribute substantially to the understanding of the environmental, demographic, and economic dynamics that affect the dietary landscape of different tropical populations of Africa. These results highlight the importance of studying a broader sample of human populations and their diet, with a focus on their precise context – from both isotopic and more general anthropological perspectives.
Current State of Mixed Reality Technology for Digital Retail: A Literature Review
Authors: Jain Shubham , Werth Dirk 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Immersive 3D environments have been a major research area in different scientific domains such as Human-Computer Interaction, display devices, etc. Mixed Reality (MR) technologies are one of the most interesting sections of immersive environments that have a huge potential of deployment in a diverse range of industries, Retail being one of them. Retail started from traditional physical in-store setups and has been evolving ever since. Integration of technologies gave birth to Digital and Omnichannel Retail and for efficient development and deployment of MR in Omnichannel Retail, appropriate research must be made to provide proper frameworks and guidelines to developers and managers to optimize User Experiences. This paper investigates the current state of the art of MR in Retail by reviewing the present literature in the domain. It proposes important research gaps based on the analysis and understanding to provide further researches a clear picture of the different aspects associated with optimal application of MR technology in Retail sector.
Exploring schizophrenia spectrum psychopathology in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Zandersen Maja , Parnas Josef 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe have previously argued that the current borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis is over-inclusive and clinically and conceptually impossible to distinguish from the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study involves 30 patients clinically diagnosed with BPD as their main diagnosis by three BPD dedicated outpatient treatment facilities in Denmark. The patients underwent a careful and time-consuming psychiatric evaluation involving several senior level clinical psychiatrists and researchers and a comprehensive battery of psychopathological scales. The study found that the vast majority of patients (67% in DSM-5 and 77% in ICD-10) in fact met the criteria for a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, i.e., schizophrenia (20%) or schizotypal (personality) disorder (SPD). The schizophrenia spectrum group scored significantly higher on the level of disorders of core self as measured by the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experiences Scale (EASE). The BPD criterion of “identity disturbance” was significantly correlated with the mean total score of EASE. These findings are discussed in the light of changes from prototypical to polythetic diagnostic systems. We argue that the original prototypes/gestalts informing the creation of BPD and SPD have gone into oblivion during the evolution of polythetic criteria.
Institutional Perspectives on the Process of Enterprise Architecture Adoption
Authors: Dang Duong , Pekkola Samuli 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Organizations often adopt enterprise architecture (EA) when planning how best to develop their information technology (IT) or businesses, for strategic management, or generally for managing change initiatives. This variety of different uses affects many stakeholders within and between organizations. Because stakeholders have dissimilar backgrounds, positions, assumptions, and activities, they respond differently to changes and the potential problems that emerge from those changes. This situation creates contradictions and conflicts between stakeholders that may further influence project activities and ultimately determine how EA is adopted. In this paper, we examine how institutional pressures influence EA adoption. Based on a qualitative case study of two cases, we show how regulative, normative, and cognitive pressures influence stakeholders’ activities and behaviors during the process of EA adoption. Our contribution thus lies in identifying roles of institutional pressures in different phases during the process of EA adoption and how it changes overtime. The results provide insights into EA adoption and the process of institutionalization, which help to explain emergent challenges in EA adoption.
Effects of deliberate reflection on diagnostic accuracy, confidence and diagnostic calibration in dermatology
Authors: Costa Filho Galileu B. , Moura Alexandre S. , Brandão Paulo R. , Schmidt Henk G. , Mamede Silvia 
Published: July 2019

Background Deliberate reflection on initial diagnoses improved diagnostic accuracy in internal medicine and general practice, but it is unknown if the same occurs in specialties that rely mostly on visual perception, such as dermatology. Moreover, whether reflection influences diagnostic calibration has not been studied yet. Diagnostic calibration, the relationship between diagnostic accuracy and confidence in that accuracy, affects diagnostic performance because overconfidence tends to induce premature closure. This study evaluated the effects of deliberate reflection on diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic calibration in dermatology.
Methods Sixty-one sixth-year students from a Brazilian medical school were allocated to either a reflection group (RG) or a control group (CG). In both groups, students worked with the same 12 dermatological images, presented sequentially, providing an initial diagnosis and confidence in that diagnosis. Subsequently, RG students reflected on the case using a structured procedure, while CG students performed a time-filler activity. All students then provided a final diagnosis and confidence in that diagnosis. Outcome measurements were diagnostic accuracy, confidence, and calibration.
Results Reflection increased diagnostic accuracy relative to control (49.7 ± 12.1 vs 38.4 ± 14.6; p = 0.002) but did not affect confidence (64.3 ± 13.2 vs 58.9 ± 20.1; p = 0.228) nor calibration (0.15 ± 0.16 vs 0.20 ± 0.19, p = 0.197). Overall, case difficulty influenced calibration, with students showing more overconfidence on more difficult cases (p <0.001).
Conclusions Deliberate reflection increased diagnostic accuracy in dermatology but did not affect confidence and calibration.
Scientific activity by medical students: the relationship between academic publishing during medical school and publication careers after graduation
Authors: Waaijer Cathelijn J. F. , Ommering Belinda W. C. , Van der Wurff Lambertus J. , Van Leeuwen Thed N. , Dekker Friedo W. , NVMO Special Interest Group on Scientific Education  
Published: July 2019

Introduction Engagement of clinicians in research is important for the integration of science and clinical practice. However, at this moment, there is a shortage of clinician-scientists. Success experiences can stimulate student interest in a research career. Conducting actual research leading to publication is a potential method to gain success experience. This study assessed whether publication as a medical student is associated with publication after graduation. We determined whether medical students in the Netherlands who are involved in research, as measured by publication in international journals before graduation: 1) are more likely to publish, 2) publish a greater number of papers, and 3) have higher citation impact scores after graduation.
Methods We matched 2005–2008 MD graduates (with rare names, n = 4145 in total) from all eight Dutch university medical centres to their publications indexed in the Web of Science and published between 6 years before and 6 years after graduation. For sensitivity analysis we performed both automatic assignment on the whole group and manual assignment on a 10% random sample.
Results Students who had published before graduation: 1) were 1.9 times as likely to publish, 2) published more papers, and 3) had a slightly higher citation impact after graduation.
Discussion Medical students who conducted research leading to a publication before graduation were more likely to be scientifically active after graduation. While this is not a causal relationship per se, these results cautiously suggest that successful early involvement in research could influence the long-term scientific activity of clinicians.
Short height and poor education increase the risk of dementia in Nigerian type 2 diabetic women
Authors: Oghagbon Efosa Kenneth , Giménez‐Llort Lydia 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionThere is urgent need to investigate type 2 diabetes and dementia crosstalk in sub‐Saharan African countries with special attention to women who have higher vulnerability. Nigeria which has the highest number of diabetics on the African continent is a good location for the investigation.MethodsBiophysical parameters, occupation, education, burden of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular health, and cognition were evaluated in 102 type 2 diabetics and 99 controls.ResultsShort physical stature and lower level of education were hallmarks of diabetes in females. Two dementia scales (Mini–Mental State Examination and six‐item Cognitive Impairment Test) showed cognitive impairment status, with the six‐item Cognitive Impairment Test scale being more specific and sensitive. Both scales showed correlations with age, education, weight, height, and disease onset, whereas fasten blood glucose was negatively correlated with height and their blood pressure was normal.DiscussionHeight, an easy‐to‐measure parameter in Nigeria, may reveal increased risk of dementia in poorly educated female Nigerian diabetics, thus helping to improve preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Interventions to Treat Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Ciocanel Oana , Power Kevin , Eriksen Ann 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionSexual dysfunction in men is common, and optimal treatment is complex. Although several systematic reviews concerning treatment approaches exist, a comprehensive overview without limitations concerning the population, interventions, or outcomes is lacking.AimTo conduct a “review of reviews” to compare the effectiveness of pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and combined interventions.Methods9 electronic databases, relevant journals, and reference lists up to July 2018 were searched. For each intervention, only the most recent and comprehensive meta-analysis or systematic review was included. The methodologic quality of the reviews was appraised using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews–2 tool.Main Outcome MeasureSexual functioning (via intravaginal ejaculatory latency time and international index of erectile function), sexual satisfaction, and adverse effects.Results30 systematic reviews were included. For premature ejaculation, several treatments, including oral pharmacotherapy (selective serotonin inhibitors, phosphodiesterase type 5 [PDE5] inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and opioid analgesics), topical anesthetics, and combined drug and behavioral therapies demonstrated significant improvements of 1–5 minutes in the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time. Pharmacologic interventions (PDE5 inhibitors, penile injection, and testosterone), shockwave therapy, lifestyle modifications, and combined therapies (PDE5 inhibitors and psychological intervention) were effective in treating erectile dysfunction. Most pharmacologic therapies were associated with adverse effects.ConclusionsThere is suggestive evidence that pharmacologic interventions or combined therapies are more effective than non-pharmacologic interventions for treating sexual dysfunction in men; however, a range of treatment options should be presented to individual patients so they may consider the risks and benefits of treatments differently. Evidence related to behavioral and psychological interventions is insufficient compared with that related to drug trials, highlighting the necessity for larger and better randomized controlled trials.
Food habits during treatment of childhood cancer: a critical review
Authors: Beaulieu-Gagnon S. , Bélanger V. , Marcil V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeveral factors can affect the nutritional status of children undergoing cancer therapy. The present review aims to describe children’s food intake during cancer treatments and to explore the contributing determinants. It also assesses the nutritional educational interventions developed for this clientele. Scientific literature from January 1995 to January 2018 was searched through PubMed and MEDLINE using keywords related to childhood cancer and nutritional intake. Quantitative and qualitative studies were reviewed: forty-seven articles were selected: thirty-eight related to food intake and parental practices and nine related to nutritional interventions. Patients’ intakes in energy, macronutrients and micronutrients were compared with those of healthy controls or with requirement standards. Generally, patients ate less energy and proteins than healthy children, but adhered similarly to national guidelines. There is a lack of consensus for standard nutrient requirement in this population and a need for more prospective evaluations. Qualitative studies provide an insight into the perceptions of children, parents and nurses on several determinants influencing eating behaviours, including the type of treatment and their side effects. Parental practices were found to be diverse. In general, savoury and salty foods were preferred to sweet foods. Finally, most interventional studies in childhood cancer have presented their protocol or assessed the feasibility of an intervention. Therefore, because of the variability of study designs and since only a few studies have presented results, their impact on the development of healthful eating habits remains unclear. A better understanding of children’s nutritional intakes and eating behaviours during cancer treatment could guide future nutritional interventions.
Codegree Conditions for Tiling Complete k-Partite k-Graphs and Loose Cycles
Authors: Gao Wei , Han Jie , Zhao Yi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGiven twok-graphs (k-uniform hypergraphs)FandH, a perfectF-tiling (orF-factor) inHis a set of vertex-disjoint copies ofFthat together cover the vertex set ofH. For all completek-partitek-graphsK, Mycroft proved a minimum codegree condition that guarantees aK-factor in ann-vertexk-graph, which is tight up to an error termo(n). In this paper we improve the error term in Mycroft’s result to a sublinear term that relates to the Turán number ofKwhen the differences of the sizes of the vertex classes ofKare co-prime. Furthermore, we find a construction which shows that our improved codegree condition is asymptotically tight in infinitely many cases, thus disproving a conjecture of Mycroft. Finally, we determine exact minimum codegree conditions for tilingK(k)(1, … , 1, 2) and tiling loose cycles, thus generalizing the results of Czygrinow, DeBiasio and Nagle, and of Czygrinow, respectively.
Reducing radiation dose in paediatric interventional cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Bai Jiarong , Wang Feng , Yang Haosheng , Lu Ying , Wu Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:Radiation exposure during paediatric cardiac catheterisation procedures should be minimised to “as low as reasonably achievable”. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a modified radiation safety protocol in reducing patient dose during paediatric interventional cardiac catheterisation.Methods:Radiation dose data were retrospectively extracted from January 2014 to December 2015 (Standard group) and prospectively collected from January 2016 to December 2017 (Low-dose group) after implementation of a modified radiation safety protocol. Both groups included five most common procedures: atrial septal defect closure, patent ductus arteriosus closure, perimembranous ventricular septal defect closure, pulmonary valvuloplasty, and supraventricular tachycardia ablation.Results:Median air Kerma was 48.4, 50.5, 29.75, 149, 218, and 12.9 mGy for atrial septal defect closure, pulmonary valvuloplasty, patent ductus arteriosus closure <20 kg, ventricular septal defect closure <20 kg, ventricular septal defect closure ≧20 kg, and supraventricular tachycardia ablation in Standard group, respectively, which significantly decreased to 18.75, 20.7, 11.5, 41.9, 117, and 3.3 mGy in Low-dose group (p < 0.05). This represents a reduction in dose to each patient between 46 and 74%. Among five procedural types in Low-dose group, dose of ventricular septal defect closure was the highest with median air Kerma of 62.5 mGy, dose area product of 364.7 μGy.m2, and dose area product per body weight of 21.5 μGy.m2/kg, respectively, along with the longest fluoroscopy time of 9.9 minutes.Conclusion:We provided a feasible radiation safety protocol with specific settings on a case-by-case basis. Increasing awareness and adequate training of a practical radiation dose reduction program are essential to improve radiation protection for children.