bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis: clinical evidence and future prospects in cystic fibrosis therapy
Authors: Lommatzsch Sherstin T. , Taylor-Cousar Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2019

Years of tremendous study have dawned a new era for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). For years CF care was rooted in the management of organ dysfunction resulting from the mal-effects of absent anion transport through the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein. CFTR, an adenosine triphosphate binding anion channel, has multiple functions, but primarily regulates the movement of chloride anions, thiocyanate and bicarbonate across luminal cell membranes. Additional roles include effects on other electrolyte channels such as the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and on pulmonary innate immunity. Inappropriate luminal anion movement leads to elevated sweat chloride concentrations, dehydrated airway surface liquid, overall viscous mucous production, and inspissated bile and pancreatic secretions. As a result, patients develop the well-known CF symptoms and disease-defining complications such as chronic cough, oily stools, recurrent pulmonary infections, bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis and malnutrition. Traditionally, CF has been symptomatically managed, but over the past 6 years those with CF have been offered a new mode of therapy; CFTR protein modulation. These medications affect the basic defect in CF: abnormal CFTR function. Ivacaftor, approved for use in the United States in 2012, is the first medication in CF history to improve CFTR function at the molecular level. Its study and approval were followed by two additional CFTR modulators, lumacaftor/ivacaftor and tezacaftor/ivacaftor. To effectively use currently available CF therapies, clinicians should be familiar with the side effects of the drugs and their impacts on patient outcomes. As many new modulators are on the horizon, this information will equip providers to discuss the benefits and shortcomings of modulator therapy especially in the context of limited healthcare resources.
Optimal Timing of Entry‐Level Otolaryngology Simulation
Authors: Kovatch Kevin J. , Wertz Aileen P. , Carle Taylor R. , Harvey Rebecca S. , Bohm Lauren A. , Thorne Marc C. , Malloy Kelly M. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveAppropriate timing of subspecialty simulation is critical to maximize learner benefit and guide resource utilization. We aimed to determine optimal timing of a simulation‐based curriculum designed to teach entry‐level procedural skills for otolaryngology residency.Study DesignSimulation curriculum intervention tested among 3 comparison groups of varying clinical levels.SettingAcademic otolaryngology training program and medical school.Subjects and MethodsWe developed a simulation‐based technical skills curriculum incorporating the following task trainers: flexible laryngoscopy, peritonsillar abscess drainage, and myringotomy and tube insertion. Preclinical medical students (n = 40), subintern rotators (n = 35), and midyear interns (n = 8) completed the simulation‐based curriculum. Pre‐ and postintervention knowledge/confidence and “level appropriateness” were rated on a 5‐point Likert scale, and effect size was calculated.ResultsOverall self‐reported knowledge/confidence levels improved in all 3 groups preintervention (1.05, 2.15, 3.17) to postintervention (2.79, 3.45, 4.38, respectively; all P <. 01). Preclinical medical students uniformly reported very little to no familiarity with the procedures prior to the curriculum, while interns approached independence following the intervention. Large effect sizes were seen in all tasks for preclinical students (d = 3.13), subinterns (d = 1.46), and interns (d = 2.14). Five‐point Likert scale measures of level appropriateness (1 = too challenging, 5 = too easy) for preclinical students, subinterns, and interns were 2.70 (95% CI, 2.56‐2.84), 3.11 (95% CI, 2.97‐3.25), and 3.75 (95% CI, 3.35‐4.15), respectively.ConclusionSubinternship may represent the optimal timing for entry‐level skills simulation training. The proposed curriculum shows utility for clinical levels ranging from medical students to postgraduate year 1 resident levels, with large effect sizes for all tested groups.
The allocation of resources in the care for patients with panic disorder in Germany: an excess cost analysis informing policy and science
Authors: Brettschneider Christian , Bleibler Florian , Hiller Thomas S. , Konnopka Alexander , Breitbart Jörg , Margraf Jürgen , Gensichen Jochen , König Hans-Helmut ,   for the Jena-PARADISE Study-Group, Blank Wolfgang , Bleibler Florian , Breitbart Jörg , Brettschneider Christian , Freytag Antje , Gensichen Jochen , Hiller Thomas S. , Hoyer Heike , Huenges Bert , König Hans-Helmut , Mainz Armin , Margraf Jürgen , Sänger Sylvia , Schelle Mercedes , Schmidt Konrad , Schneider Nico , Schöne Elisabeth , Schumacher Ulrike , Sommer Michael , Teismann Tobias , Thiel Paul , Wensing Michel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Panic disorder is a mental disorder of high prevalence, which frequently co-occurs with agoraphobia. There is a lack of studies measuring excess costs of panic disorder patients with and without agoraphobia. We compared costs of panic disorder patients with or without agoraphobia with costs of the anxiety-free population in Germany.

Methods
Primary data from a cluster-randomized trial of adults suffering from panic disorder (n = 419) and from a representative survey of the German general population (N = 5005) were collected between 2012 and 2014. Missing data from the cluster-randomized trial were first imputed by multiple imputation using chained equations and subsequently balanced with the data from the survey by Entropy Balancing. The societal perspective was chosen. Excess costs were calculated by generalized linear models and two-part-models.

Results
Entropy Balancing led to an exact match between the groups. We found 6-month total excess costs of 3220€ (95% CI 1917€–4522€) for panic disorder patients without agoraphobia and of 3943€ (95% CI 2950€–4936€) for patient with agoraphobia. Panic disorder patients with or without agoraphobia had significantly higher costs for psychotherapy, general practitioners, general hospital stays and informal care Indirect costs accounted for approximately 60% of the total excess costs.

Conclusions
Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia is associated with significant excess costs. Agoraphobia changes the pattern of resource utilization. Especially indirect costs are relevant. Agoraphobia influences resource utilization in the inpatient sector.
Trial registration ISRCTN64669297
Assessment of perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes of parents regarding children’s schoolbags and related musculoskeletal health
Authors: Alsiddiky Abdulmonem , Alatassi Raheef , Alsaadouni Fayez N. , Bakerman Khalid , Awwad Waleed , Alenazi Abdulrahman , Alsiddiqi Sara , Alyaseen Husain 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Heavy schoolbags and their adverse musculoskeletal effects are a cause of great concern. Parents’ awareness and knowledge about this are crucial to prevent such health problems. Thus, this study aimed to assess parents’ perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes regarding children’s schoolbags and related musculoskeletal health.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting parents with children of school age. In January 2015, a self-administered, validated questionnaire was distributed to all participants, consisting of questions about their awareness, knowledge, and attitude regarding the negative effects of carrying inappropriate schoolbags on children’s musculoskeletal health.

Result
A total of 616 parents (284 fathers and 332 mothers) completed the questionnaire (response rate of 100%). A total of 247 (87.3%) fathers and 301 (90.9%) mothers knew that carrying heavy schoolbags produces back problems. However, only 105 (36.9%) fathers and 107 (37.6%) mothers knew that incorrect schoolbag weight and inadequate way to carry it may impede the normal alignment and growth of the spine. Only 107 (37.6%) fathers and 96 (28.9%) mothers knew the ideal weight of the schoolbag, while 49.6% of fathers and 42.8% of mothers did not check their children’s schoolbags for unnecessary contents.

Conclusion
Awareness of parents about the consequences of heavy schoolbags and correct use is still limited and suboptimal. Educational sessions for parents and awareness campaigns may help to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal health problems among children.
Teachers’ experiences of collaborative learning culture based on examples from Estonian general education schools
Authors: Slabina Pille , Aava Katrin 
Published: April 2019

Koostöine õpikultuur võimestab õpetajaid, suurendab eneseusaldust, annab julgust situatsioone juhtida ja suurendab agentsust. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada õpetajate koostöökultuuri kogemused. Kriitilist diskursuseanalüüsi kasutades kirjeldame, kuidas 15 üldhariduskooli 45 õpetajat konstrueerivad koostöise õpikultuuri kogemust individuaalsel, suhtlus- ja sotsiaalsel tasandil ning väljendavad enda agentsust. Uuringus eendus agentsete õpetajate koostöise õpikultuuri diskursus, mille aluseks on üksteiselt õppimine, mittevõistlev keskkond, usalduslikud suhted ja tunnustamine. Konkurentsidiskursusele on omane piiratud koostöö, kuna kolleegides või juhtides nähakse takistusi. Võimestamata õpetaja diskursust iseloomustavad ei-sõnumid ja agentsuse puudumine: sellised õpetajad ei usu koostöösse, neil puuduvad head koostöökogemused, nad ei koge kolleegide ega juhtkonna toetust-tunnustust.
Summary
Academic burnout among Estonian and Russian middle school students
Authors: Vinter Kati , Aus Kati , Arro Grete 
Published: April 2019

Uuringu eesmärk on analüüsida erinevusi eesti ja vene õppekeelega õpilaste akadeemilises läbipõlemises ning akadeemilise läbipõlemise seoseid erinevate kognitiivsete (matemaatikaoskused ja üldvõimekus) ja sotsiaal-kognitiivsete teguritega (arenguuskumused ja akadeemiline psühholoogiline säilenõtkus). Uuringus osales 429 kaheksanda klassi õpilast viiest vene (n = 174) ja seitsmest eesti (n = 255) õppekeelega Tallinna koolist. Tulemustest selgus, et läbipõlemise tase oli eri õppekeelega õpilastel sarnane. Kognitiivsed tegurid ei seostunud läbipõlemisega kummaski rühmas, kuid sotsiaal-kognitiivsed tegurid, kalduvus jäävususkumustele ja madal säilenõtkuse tase olid läbipõlemisega seotud mõlemas rühmas. Samuti ilmnes, et eesti õpilaste hulgas olid läbipõlemisele altimad madala säilenõtkuse taseme ja paremate matemaatikaoskustega õpilased. Edasistes uurimustes võiks keskenduda võimalustele, kuidas arendada nii arenguuskumuste kui ka säile nõtkusega seotud teadmisi ja oskusi.
Summary
Students’ views on plagiarism and plagiarism detection systems
Authors: Remmik Marvi , Tasa Tiina , Roos Liana , Löfström Erika 
Published: April 2019

Plagiaat on ülikoolides endiselt suur probleem. Tehnoloogia areng on võimaldanud üliõpilastele lihtsa juurdepääsu veebimaterjalidele, see aga mõjutab nende pla gieerimiskäitumist, muutes selle levinumaks kui kunagi varem. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada üliõpilaste arusaamad plagiaadist ja plagiaadituvastussüsteemide kasutamisest. Selleks analüüsiti 380-lt eri valdkonna ja õppetaseme üliõpilaselt küsimustikuga kogutud andmeid, millest ilmneb, et üle poole vastajatest ei pea plagiaati levinud probleemiks ega tea täpselt, milles plagiaat seisneb. Sotsiaalteaduste ning humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkonna üliõpilased on võrreldes loodus- ja täppisteaduste ning meditsiinivaldkonna üliõpilastega plagiaadi olemusest ja plagiaadituvastussüsteemidest teadlikumad. Plagiaadi leviku pidurdamiseks peetakse oluliseks ennetustööd: akadeemiliste tekstide kirjutamise oskuse ja õpioskuste arendamist, plagiaadi olemuse kohta ühtsete arusaamade kujundamist ja plagiaadijuhtumite menetlemiseks institutsioonisiseste eeskirjade kehtestamist. Plagiaadituvastussüsteemide kasutamine on üliõpilaste hinnangul õiglane, aga ka hirmu teki tav. Sellised tulemused osutavad vajadusele suurendada õppejõudude vastutust teema käsitlemisel ainekursuste raames.
Summary
High frequency of non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia form among children with persistently elevated levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone after newborn screening
Authors: Castro Patrícia S. , Rassi Tatiana O. , Araujo Raquel F. , Pezzuti Isabela L. , Rodrigues Andresa S. , Bachega Tania A.S.S. , Silva Ivani N. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Early diagnosis after newborn screening (NBS) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) allows proper treatment, reducing mortality rates and preventing development of hyperandrogenic manifestations and incorrect sex assignment at birth. Despite the high NBS sensitivity to detect CAH classical forms, one of the main issues is identifying asymptomatic children who remained with increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels. In this study, we aimed to contribute to understanding the diagnosis of these children.

Methods
Children with increased serum 17-OHP levels, and without disease-related clinical features during follow-up, underwent the entire CYP21A2 gene sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis (SALSA MLPA P050B CAH). Patients’ genotypes were subsequently sorted as compatible with CAH disease, and children were evaluated to determine the clinical status.

Results
During the study period, 106,476 newborns underwent CAH NBS. During follow-up, 328 children (0.3%) were identified as having false-positive tests and 295 were discharged after presenting with 17-OHP levels within reference values. Thirty-three remained asymptomatic and with increased serum 17-OHP levels after a mean follow-up of 3.4 years, and were subjected to molecular analysis. Seventeen out of the 33 children carried mutations: seven in the heterozygous state, nine carried non-classical genotypes and the remaining child carried a classical genotype.

Conclusions
We found a high frequency of non-classical CAH (NCCAH) diagnosis among children with persistent elevation of 17-OHP levels. Our findings support molecular study as decisive for elucidating diagnosis in these asymptomatic children. Molecular analysis as a confirmatory test is relevant to guide their follow-up, allows genetic counseling and avoids over treating NCCAH form.
Synthesis and crystal structure of bis{4-methyl-2-((E)-((4-((E)-1-(benzyloxyimino)ethyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolato-κ3
N,O,O}copper(II), C92H84Cu2N8O8
Authors: Huang Jing , Ma Jin-Xia , Wei Ping , Zhao Ji-Xing 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
C92H84Cu2N8O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 18.315(2) Å, b = 12.1533(12) Å, c = 17.518(2) Å, β = 105.289(4)°, Z = 2, V = 3761.3(7) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0658, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1809, T = 173(2)K.
The crystal structure of dichlorido(1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl)-1H-3λ4-imidazol-2-yl)(3-phenyl-pyridine-κN)palladium(IV), C38H45N3Cl2Pd
Authors: Bao Zhen , Lin Ping 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
C38H45N3Cl2Pd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.8249(8) Å, b = 16.0552(9) Å, c = 20.5611(10) Å, β = 115.396(3)°, V = 3824.5(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0287, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0879, T = 173(2) K.
Burst Pressures of High-Density Polyethylene Pipes Considering the Notch Effect: Testing and Prediction
Authors: Zheng Xiaotao , Wang Jiqiang , Chen Haofeng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This work aims at testing and predicting burst pressures of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes with various groove conditions. Four types of notches, including U-type, V-type, linear-type (L-type), and rectangular-type (R-type) notches, with different depth ratios are discussed. A unified damage model is proposed to predict the damage behaviors of notched HDPE pipes for different notch shapes. Results indicate that the notch shape has an important influence on the burst pressure of HDPE pipes. Generally, the notch types ordered by impact extent from highest to lowest are R-type, U-type, V-type, and L-type, according to the experimental data. The burst pressure obviously decreases with the increment of the notch-depth ratio. However, when the notch depth is less than 0.5 mm in this work, the burst pressure reduces slightly compared with that of the virgin pipe because of its good fracture toughness. Moreover, the predicted damage factors given by the proposed model agree very well with the experimental data under different groove shapes. This work provides important experimental data and damage assessment approaches for various notched HDPE pipes.
Effect of Sample Tilt on Measurement of Friction Coefficient by Constant-Load Scratch Testing of Copper with a Spherical Indenter
Authors: Gao Chenghui , Liu Ming 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A copper microscratch test was carried out with a spherical indenter under constant normal load of 150 mN. The effect of sample tilt on the measurement of friction coefficient was investigated by rotating the sample with surface inclination between successive tests so that the indenter could experience different surface height slopes. It was found that the experimentally measured friction coefficients linearly depended on surface height slope (or surface tilt angle) under small angle tilt and became larger when the indenter climbed over the sample surface, which was explained by a geometrical intersection model. Accurate determination of the friction coefficient requires either two scratch tests with reversed sliding directions or 180° rotation of the sample with the average value being used as the coefficient of friction under nontilting condition. The true friction angle for the condition without surface inclination can be obtained by summing the experimentally measured friction angle and surface tilt angle.
Strength and Shrinkage Properties of Heat-Cured Fly Ash–Based Geopolymer Mortars Containing Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregate
Authors: Saha Suman , Rajasekaran Chandrasekaran 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Geopolymer has obtained significant importance as an alternative eco-friendly binder material for ordinary portland cement (OPC) as it can be produced from the reaction between the industrial by-product materials rich in alumina, silica, and alkaline solutions. Therefore, usage of geopolymer effectively in the construction industry will help to reduce the consumption of a huge quantity of natural resources for the energy processes required for the production of OPC. It is also one of important solution to control carbon dioxides emission by the usage of OPC. On the other hand, using construction and demolition waste (C&DW) as the source of recycled aggregates in construction industry helps to reduce the huge consumption of natural aggregates and protect the environment from the disturbances caused by the unorganized dumping of C&DW. In this study, an attempt has been made to produce fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer mortar mixes using C&DW effectively as fine aggregates partially. The effects of recycled fine aggregates (RFA), the ratio of alkaline liquid (AL) to FA, and duration of heat curing on the properties of the produced geopolymer mortar mixes have been discussed in this article. To determine the influence of RFA on the strength and volume change behavior of mixes, natural fine aggregates were replaced by RFA at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 % by mass. The AL/FA ratio was adopted as 0.4 and 0.6. Higher compressive strength was observed for most of the mortar mixes having RFA up to 20 %, and higher drying shrinkage value was found for the mixes with higher RFA content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were also studied for knowledge about the signature of the formed structures in the mortar mixes, which were observed having higher strength.
Fuzzy Cost Optimization and Admission Control for Machine Interference Problem with General Retrial
Authors: Jain Madhu , Sanga Sudeep Singh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the present investigation, we study the performance analysis of a machine repair system operating under admission control F-policy in fuzzy environment. As per F-policy, when the system reaches its full capacity K, no further failed machines are allowed to join the system until the system size ceases down to a prespecified threshold value F. To deal with general reattempts made by a failed machine from the orbit for the repair, the supplementary variable corresponding to retrial times is used to construct the steady-state governing equations, and then explicit formulae for the queue size probability distributions are derived by using Laplace transform and recursive method. A fuzzy cost function is formulated by considering the cost elements as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and then α − cut approach is implemented to develop lower and upper bounds of the cost elements. In order to defuzzify the cost function, the signed distance method is used. The genetic algorithm is applied to determine the optimal control parameter and corresponding minimum cost of the system.
Determinant of Stock Price: Evidence on Food and Beverage Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Nasarudin Indo Yama , Suhendra Suhendra , Anggraini Luthfia Farida 
Published: April 2019

One aspect that concerns investors in valuing stocks is financial performance. The better the company's financial performance will increase the demand for the company's shares, so that it can also increase the company's stock price. The purpose of this research to examine the effect of Financial Performance which is measured by using Earning per Share, Net Profit Margin, Retun On Equity, Firm Size which is measured by Total Revenue, Total Asset,, and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure which is measured by Economic Aspects, Environmental Aspects,Social Aspect to the Extend of stock price on food and beverage sector companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The stock price data was used the stock price determined by the closing price.The sample collection method has been done by using purposive sampling method and eleven of eighteen companies, which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the years of 20013-2017, are used as the research samples. The method used in this study was Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The result of the research shows that the variable Financial Performance was significantly influenced stock price. variable Firms Size was significantly influenced stock price, and variable Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure was significantly influenced stockprice.
Analysis of Potential Sectors and Policy Priorities of Regional Economic Development in Maluku Province
Authors: Kharisma Bayu , Hadiyanto Ferry 
Published: April 2019

The development policy in Maluku Province cannot separate from the small islands that dominate the areas. Its central potentials are in the field of fisheries, agriculture, and mining. This research aims to analyze the potentials of the leading sector and to formulate policy priorities for regional development in Maluku Province. The research used in this research is Location Quotient (LQ), Growth-Ratio Model (MRP), Overlay, SWOT and Analytic Network Process (ANP). The results showed that in Maluku Province there are eight economic categories that have base sectors. The result of Growth-Ratio Model (MRP) shows that the sector with the highest average the ratio of growth in the study area (RPs) is mining and quarrying sector. Furthermore, Overlay analysis shows that government administration, defense, social security sectors are obliged to contribute to and the highest growth. The result of SWOT-ANP shows that policy priority in regional development is the acceleration of infrastructure development