bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of binding, functional activity, and contractile responses of the selective 5‐HT1F receptor agonist lasmiditan
Authors: Rubio‐Beltrán Eloísa , Labastida‐Ramírez Alejandro , Haanes Kristian A. , van den Bogaerdt Antoon , Bogers Ad J.J.C. , Zanelli Eric , Meeus Laurent , Danser A.H. Jan , Gralinski Michael R. , Senese Peter B. , Johnson Kirk W. , Kovalchin Joseph , Villalón Carlos M. , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeTriptans are 5‐HT1B/1D receptor agonists (that also display 5‐HT1F receptor affinity) with antimigraine action, contraindicated in patients with coronary artery disease due to their vasoconstrictor properties. Conversely, lasmiditan was developed as an antimigraine 5‐HT1F receptor agonist. To assess the selectivity and cardiovascular effects of lasmiditan, we investigated the binding, functional activity, and in vitro/in vivo vascular effects of lasmiditan and compared it to sumatriptan.Experimental ApproachBinding and second messenger activity assays of lasmiditan and other serotoninergic agonists were performed for human 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT1B, 5‐HT1D, 5‐ht1E, 5‐HT1F, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT2B, and 5‐HT7 receptors, and the results were correlated with their potency to constrict isolated human coronary arteries (HCAs). Furthermore, concentration–response curves to lasmiditan and sumatriptan were performed in proximal and distal HCA, internal mammary, and middle meningeal arteries. Finally, anaesthetized female beagle dogs received i.v. infusions of lasmiditan or sumatriptan in escalating cumulative doses, and carotid and coronary artery diameters were measured.Key ResultsLasmiditan showed high selectivity for 5‐HT1F receptors. Moreover, the functional potency of the analysed compounds to inhibit cAMP increase through 5‐HT1B receptor activation positively correlated with their potency to contract HCA. In isolated human arteries, sumatriptan, but not lasmiditan, induced contractions. Likewise, in vivo, sumatriptan decreased coronary and carotid artery diameters at clinically relevant doses, while lasmiditan was devoid of vasoconstrictor activity at all doses tested.Conclusions and ImplicationsLasmiditan is a selective 5‐HT1F receptor agonist devoid of vasoconstrictor activity. This may represent a cardiovascular safety advantage when compared to the triptans.
A prospective study of the clinical outcomes of peri‐implant tissues in patients treated for peri‐implant mucositis and followed up for 54 months
Authors: Fernandes‐Costa Anderson N. , Menezes Karyna de M. , Borges Samuel B. , Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe , Calderon Patrícia dos S. , de V. Gurgel Bruno C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implant mucositis is very common and, when left untreated, can progress to the more serious condition of peri‐implantitis. Therefore, early diagnosis, adequate treatment and, in particular, adherence to a peri‐implant supportive therapy are extremely important for the management of peri‐implant mucositis.PurposeCharacterize the clinical conditions of peri‐implant tissues in patients diagnosed with peri‐implant mucositis after undergoing peri‐implant supportive therapy for 54 months.Materials and MethodsThirty‐eight patients (131 dental implants) who received peri‐implant supportive therapy, associated with oral hygiene instructions, were assessed at baseline and at 54 months for visible plaque and gingival bleeding indexes, probing depth and bleeding on probing. Data were statistically analyzed using the Chi‐square test and relative risk assessment using a significance level set at 5%.ResultsNone of the independent variables evaluated (age, gender, smoking, type of prosthesis, time using the prosthesis, keratinized mucosa, phenotype peri‐implant, classification of visible plaque index and classification of gingival bleeding index) presented significant associations with “worsening” or “improvement” of clinical parameters.ConclusionThe implementation of peri‐implant support therapy was not sufficient for the resolution of peri‐implant mucositis, although reductions in clinical parameters with respect to baseline were observed and maintained during follow‐up.
Guideline implementation and early risk assessment in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Deng Xiaoxian , Jin Bowen , Li Shanshan , Li Yaping , Zhou Hongmei , Wu Yang , Yan Menghuan , Hu Yuanping , Qiu Qiu , Zhang Gangcheng , Zheng Xuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionCurrent guidelines emphasize that accurate risk stratification is important for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), however, few suggestions have been specified for PAH associated with congenital heart disease (PAH‐CHD).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to propose an accurate and simple system based on current guidelines for risk stratification in PAH‐CHD patients during 12‐month follow‐up.MethodsWe reviewed 288 Chinese PAH‐CHD patients between January 2014 and December 2016 in this retrospective cohort study. The low‐risk criteria according to 2015 European Society of Cardiology guidelines and the adverse events (AEs) during follow‐up were collected. The association between low‐risk criteria and AEs was assessed with Cox regression, and a simplified risk stratification system was proposed.ResultsThere were 105 PAH‐CHD patients included in the final analysis. Twenty‐nine patients had AEs defined as death, initiation of new or combined medication treatment, or re‐hospitalisation because of the PAH worsening. Among the low‐risk criteria, WHO/NYHA functional class, 6‐minute walking distance (6MWD), NT‐proBNP and SvO2 were significantly different between AE and AE‐free groups. However, 6MWD (HR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03‐0.19, P < 0.001) and NT‐proBNP (HR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16‐0.78, P = 0.01) were the only independent predictors of AEs in multivariable model. When taking them into a simplified system for risk stratification, the number of low‐risk criteria at diagnosis discriminated the risk of AEs (P < 0.001).ConclusionsAmong the low‐risk criteria proposed by current guidelines, 6MWD and NT‐proBNP predicted AEs independently for PAH‐CHD patients. Simplified risk stratification system by taking these two parameters numerically provides accurate prognostic information in PAH‐CHD patients.
Associations between personality and uptake of tobacco smoking: Do they differ across adolescence?
Authors: Kelly Erin V. , Grummitt Lucinda , Teesson Maree , Newton Nicola C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTobacco use is one of the leading causes of death globally, yet it is entirely preventable. Tobacco smoking typically begins in adolescence, and thus efforts to intervene early are vital. Personality has been identified as a risk factor for smoking in adolescence. The current study aimed to examine whether associations between personality traits (impulsivity, sensation‐seeking, anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness) and new onset tobacco smoking differ across adolescence.Design and MethodsAt baseline, 527 secondary‐school students (mean age 13 years) completed a validated personality questionnaire and were surveyed on recent tobacco smoking. Participants were followed‐up at 12‐, 24‐ and 36‐months. Logistic regression was conducted to examine prospective associations between the four personality types and tobacco smoking at each follow‐up.ResultsResults revealed age‐related differences in the associations between personality and smoking in adolescence. Baseline sensation‐seeking was significantly associated with new onset tobacco smoking at age 14; baseline impulsivity was significantly associated with new onset tobacco smoking at age 15; and baseline hopelessness was significantly associated with new onset tobacco smoking at age 16.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study extends knowledge by demonstrating age‐specific effects on the association between personality and smoking. This has important implications for prevention and could inform the development of tailored smoking interventions to be delivered at different ages. Future research will examine personality‐targeted intervention in reducing tobacco smoking in Australian adolescents across different ages.
Vertical dynamics of dissolved organic carbon in relation to organic input quality and microaggregate formation in a coarse– textured Ultisol
Authors: Kunlanit Benjapon , Rasche Frank , Puttaso Aunnop , Cadisch Georg , Vityakon Patma 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAgainst the background of current understanding of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) adsorption onto clay surfaces, it remains unclear if bulk DOC or its fractions contribute to microaggregate formation in the top layers of coarse‐textured soils. We therefore investigated the effects of long‐term inputs of biochemically contrasting organic residues on the chemical characteristics and vertical distribution of DOC in a coarse‐textured Ultisol. During 2007–2008, DOC samples were extracted from soil profiles of a long‐term residue quality field experiment initiated in 1995. In this field experiment, groundnut stover, dipterocarp and tamarind leaf litter, as well as rice straw of contrasting biochemical quality, were applied yearly at 10 Mg ha−1. Groundnut, dipterocarp and tamarind produced large amounts (7.1–11.8 g C m−2) of high‐molecular‐weight (HMW; > 10 kDa) DOC, which was found in high concentrations (30–50 mg C kg−1) in the topsoil (0–15 cm). Rice straw, however, produced large amounts (3.5 g C m−2) of low‐molecular‐weight (LMW; < 1 kDa) DOC during the initial stage of decomposition. Although the HMW DOC was retained in the topsoil (0–15 cm), the LMW DOC was rapidly translocated to lower soil depths (60–80 cm). This translocation was facilitated by the low adsorption potential of the rice straw‐derived LMW DOC on colloidal surfaces of the topsoil. There was a significant positive correlation of C in the HMW DOC with that in fine particles, indicating their contribution to microaggregate formation and thus C accumulation. It was concluded that biochemical quality of residues as a determinant of concentration and chemistry of DOC and its vertical dynamics along the soil profile must be considered for SOC accumulation in coarse‐textured soils. Furthermore, we found reasonable indications that HMW DOC contributes to microaggregate formation in topsoils.Highlights
Residue quality determined vertical dynamics of DOC in coarse– textured Ultisols.
Lignin‐ and polyphenol‐rich residues produced HMW DOC in topsoil.
LMW DOC derived from cellulose‐rich residues was translocated to the subsoil.
There were indications that HMW DOC supported microaggregate formation in topsoils.
A review of methods for quantifying spatial predator–prey overlap
Authors: Carroll Gemma , Holsman Kirstin K. , Brodie Stephanie , Thorson James T. , Hazen Elliott L. , Bograd Steven J. , Haltuch Melissa A. , Kotwicki Stan , Samhouri Jameal , Spencer Paul , Willis‐Norton Ellen , Selden Rebecca L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies that attempt to measure shifts in species distributions often consider a single species in isolation. However, understanding changes in spatial overlap between predators and their prey might provide deeper insight into how species redistribution affects food web dynamics.Predator–prey overlap metricsHere, we review a suite of 10 metrics [range overlap, area overlap, the local index of collocation (Pianka's O), Hurlbert's index, biomass‐weighted overlap, asymmetrical alpha, Schoener's D, Bhattacharyya's coefficient, the global index of collocation and the AB ratio] that describe how two species overlap in space, using concepts such as binary co‐occurrence, encounter rates, spatial niche similarity, spatial independence, geographical similarity and trophic transfer. We describe the specific ecological insights that can be gained using each overlap metric, in order to determine which is most appropriate for describing spatial predator–prey interactions for different applications.Simulation and case studyWe use simulated predator and prey distributions to demonstrate how the 10 metrics respond to variation in three types of predator–prey interactions: changing spatial overlap between predator and prey, changing predator population size and changing patterns of predator aggregation in response to prey density. We also apply these overlap metrics to a case study of a predatory fish (arrowtooth flounder, Atheresthes stomias) and its prey (juvenile walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus) in the Eastern Bering Sea, AK, USA. We show how the metrics can be applied to understand spatial and temporal variation in the overlap of species distributions in this rapidly changing Arctic ecosystem.ConclusionsUsing both simulated and empirical data, we provide a roadmap for ecologists and other practitioners to select overlap metrics to describe particular aspects of spatial predator–prey interactions. We outline a range of research and management applications for which each metric may be suited.
Starting somewhere different: methodological cosmopolitanism and the study of world politics
Authors: SELCHOW SABINE 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, I contribute to the debate on Ulrich Beck's idea of ‘methodological cosmopolitanism’ from a political science perspective. How fruitful is Beck's idea for the study of world politics? How can a political science perspective turn ‘methodological cosmopolitanism’ into a more transdisciplinary subject of debate? Guided by these questions, I speak to two audiences. First, I offer political scientists a distinct strategy for empirical ‘cosmopolitan political science’ research. At the heart of this strategy is a novel object of research, the ‘cosmopolitan outlook’, understood as a discourse that breaks with the ‘national outlook’ to open possibilities for a world beyond ‘reflexive modernization’. With that, I shift the perspective from structure to discourse and broaden the normative grounds on which to assess cosmopolitan reality. Rather than just considering the emergence of normative cosmopolitan ideals, I build into cosmopolitan research the normative, empirical question of whether we see an emergence of a world beyond reflexive modernization. Second, I address scholars outside the field of political science who are interested in methodological cosmopolitanism by offering the ‘cosmopolitan outlook’ as a novel object of study that could also be explored from other disciplinary perspectives and by proposing they put the question of the purpose of methodological cosmopolitanism centre stage. This question can, I argue, constitute grounds for substantial debates on methodological cosmopolitanism not already precluded through disciplinary premises and concerns. Contributing to such a transdisciplinary debate, I distinguish between the long‐term and immediate purpose of methodological cosmopolitanism, the former being about the development of a cosmopolitan language and grammar and the latter about empirical explorations of the reality of the ‘cosmopolitan outlook’, eventually and in a collective and transdisciplinary endeavour building up to contribute to the former.
Perspectives on decision making amongst older people with end‐stage renal disease and caregivers in Singapore: A qualitative study
Authors: Han Emeline , Haldane Victoria , Koh Joel Jun Kai , Quek Rina Yu Chin , Ozdemir Semra , Finkelstein Eric Andrew , Jafar Tazeen Hasan , Choong Hui‐Lin , Gan Sheryl , Lim Lydia W. W. , Shiraz Farah , Legido‐Quigley Helena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnd‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing both globally and in Asia. Singapore has the fifth highest incidence of ESRD worldwide, a trend that is predicted to rise. Older patients with ESRD are faced with a choice of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or conservative management, all of which have their risks and benefits.ObjectiveThis study seeks to explore perspectives on decision making amongst older (≥70) Singaporean ESRD patients and their caregivers to undergo (or not to undergo) dialysis.DesignQualitative study design using semi‐structured interviews.Setting and participantsTwenty‐three participants were recruited from the largest tertiary hospital in Singapore: seven peritoneal dialysis patients, five haemodialysis patients, four patients on conservative management and seven caregivers.ResultsWhile some patients believed that they had made an independent treatment decision, others reported feeling like they had no choice in the matter or that they were strongly persuaded by their doctors and/or family members to undergo dialysis. Patients reported decision‐making factors including loss of autonomy in daily life, financial burden (on themselves or on their families), caregiving burden, alternative medicine, symptoms and disease progression. Caregivers also reported concerns about financial and caregiving burden.Discussion and conclusionThis study has identified several factors that should be considered in the design and implementation of decision aids to help older ESRD patients in Singapore make informed treatment decisions, including patients' and caregivers' decision‐making factors as well as the relational dynamics between patients, caregivers and doctors.
Blue light disrupts the circadian rhythm and create damage in skin cells
Authors: Dong K. , Goyarts E. C. , Pelle E. , Trivero J. , Pernodet N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOn a daily basis, the skin is exposed to many environmental stressors and insults. Over a 24‐h natural cycle, during the day, the skin is focused on protection; while at night, the skin is focused on repairing damage that occurred during daytime and getting ready for the next morning. Circadian rhythm provides the precise timing mechanism for engaging those different pathways necessary to keep a healthy skin through clock genes that are present in all skin cells. The strongest clue for determining cellular functions timing is through sensing light or absence of light (darkness). Here, we asked the question if blue light could be a direct entrainment signal to skin cells and also disrupt their circadian rhythm at night. Through a reporter assay for per1 transcription, we demonstrate that blue light at 410 nm decreases per1 transcription in keratinocytes, showing that epidermal skin cells can sense light directly and control their own clock gene expression. This triggers cells to “think” it is daytime even at nighttime. Elsewhere, we measured different skin cell damage because of blue light exposure (at different doses and times of exposure) vs. cells that were kept in full darkness. We show an increase in ROS production, DNA damage and inflammatory mediators. These deleterious effects can potentially increase overall skin damage over time and ultimately accelerates ageing.
The link between economic and social upgrading in global supply chains: Experiences from the Southern Cone
Authors: REINECKE Gerhard , POSTHUMA Anne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article uses nine case studies of global supply chains (GSCs) in Southern Cone countries to explore the extent to which economic and social upgrading are linked and spread from lead firms to their supply chain. While economic and social upgrading are found in lead firm segments throughout the case studies, the impacts on suppliers are varied. Pattern groupings enable the authors to develop a three‐part typology of development in GSCs, in the light of which they consider the roles of public policies, company behaviour and social actors in addressing developmental outcomes for GSC lead firms and suppliers.
Does previous application of silver diammine fluoride influence the bond strength of glass ionomer cement and adhesive systems to dentin? Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fröhlich Tatiana Tambara , Rocha Rachel de Oliveira , Botton Graziela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSilver diammine fluoride (SDF) applied before a restoration may prevent recurrent caries; therefore, its effect on the bonding of restorative materials is contradictory.AimTo assess through a systematic review and meta‐analysis the influence of SDF on the bonding performance of adhesive materials to dentine.DesignA systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, and Scopus. Studies comparing bond strength of adhesive systems or glass ionomer cement to SDF‐treated and ‐untreated (control) dentine were included. Global analysis comparing the bond strength data was performed, separately for adhesive systems and glass ionomer cement, using RevMan5.1, with a random‐effect model, at a 5% significance level.ResultsEleven studies were included in the review and ten in the meta‐analyses. Overall pooled effect for glass ionomer cement has shown no significant difference between the groups (Z = 0.47; P = .64). SDF treatment significantly impairs the bonding of adhesive systems to dentine (Z = 2.11; P = .03); this effect can be eliminated by the rinsing step (Z = 0.85; P = .40).ConclusionsThe previous application of SDF does not influence the dentine bond strength of glass ionomer cement, but compromises the bonding of adhesive systems.
What drives subscribing to premium in freemium services? A consumer value‐based view of differences between upgrading to and staying with premium
Authors: Mäntymäki Matti , Islam A.K.M. Najmul , Benbasat Izak 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFostering the conversion of free users to premium subscribers and retaining those premium users are critical objectives for freemium service providers. Building on consumer value theory, we empirically examine the differences between basic and premium users in terms of the emotional, functional, social, epistemic, and economic values driving basic users' decisions to upgrade to premium subscriptions and premium users' decisions to retain their paid subscriptions. We employ enjoyment, intrusiveness of advertising in the free subscription, ubiquity, social connectivity, the discovery of new content, and the price value of the premium subscription as drivers of intentions and test our model using data from a leading digital content service that employs the freemium model. Our results show that enjoyment and price value of the premium subscription predict the intention to upgrade to premium, whereas the intention to retain the premium subscription is driven by ubiquity and the discovery of new content. Interestingly, social connectivity has no effect on the intention to upgrade but does have a small negative effect on the intention to retain the premium subscription. Contrary to our expectations, intrusiveness of advertising in the free subscription had a negative effect on the price value of the premium subscription. Collectively, our results imply that the intention to retain the premium subscription is influenced by attribute‐level value perceptions such as ubiquity, the discovery of new content, and social connectivity whereas the intention to upgrade is driven by benefits, ie, enjoyment and price value of the premium subscription.