bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding Critical Links for Closeness Centrality
Authors: Veremyev Alexander , Prokopyev Oleg A. , Pasiliao Eduardo L. 
Published: May 2019

Closeness centrality is a class of distance-based measures in the network analysis literature to quantify reachability of a given vertex (or a group of vertices) by other network agents. In this paper, we consider a new class of critical edge detection problems, in which given a group of vertices that represent an important subset of network elements of interest (e.g., servers that provide an essential service to the network), the decision maker is interested in identifying a subset of critical edges whose removal maximally degrades the closeness centrality of those vertices. We develop a general optimization framework, in which the closeness centrality measure can be based on any nonincreasing function of distances between vertices, which, in turn, can be interpreted as communication efficiency between them. Our approach includes three well-known closeness centrality measures as special cases: harmonic centrality, decay centrality, and [Formula: see text]-step reach centrality. Furthermore, for quantifying the centrality of a group of vertices we consider three different approaches for measuring the reachability of the group from any vertex in the network: minimum distance to a vertex in the group, maximum distance to a vertex in the group, and the average centrality of vertices in the group. We study the theoretical computational complexity of the proposed models and describe the corresponding mixed integer programming formulations. For solving medium- and large-scale instances of the problem, we first develop an exact algorithm that exploits the fact that real-life networks often have rather small diameters. Then we propose two conceptually different heuristic algorithms. Finally, we conduct computational experiments with real-world and synthetic network instances under various settings, which reveal interesting insights and demonstrate the advantages and limitations of the proposed models and algorithms. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0829 .
Expanded New World Distributions of Genera in the Termite Family Kalotermitidae
Authors: Scheffrahn Rudolf H. 
Published: May 2019

The New World Kalotermitidae constitute about one-fourth of all termite species in this region. The geographic distributions of all fifteen kalotermitid genera are updated based on records in the University of Florida Termite Collection and in the literature. Range-appropriate exotic records of four pest species are also given. New distribution records are presented on maps, and representative soldier photographs are provided for each genus.
Telephone Counselling for Pregnant Smokers: Essential Elements
Authors: Cummins Sharon E. , Tedeschi Gary J. , Anderson Christopher M. , Quinlan-Downs Raechelle , Harris Patricia , Zhu Shu-Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCounselling pregnant smokers to quit is as difficult as it is essential. This article discusses a telephone counselling protocol designed to promote tobacco cessation among pregnant smokers. The protocol, validated in a large randomised, controlled trial, addresses three key elements of change for addictive behaviour — motivation, cognition and skill building — in ways tailored to pregnant smokers' unique needs. Details concerning scheduling, counsellor training and broader applicability are also presented.
Long-Term Abstinence After 5 Years Follow-Up of Two Types of Intensive Interventions for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Barrueco Miguel , Torrecilla Miguel , Jiménez-Ruiz Carlos , Otero María José , Palomo Luis , Plaza Dolores 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis is an open study, with 5 years follow-up, of 502 smokers who received treatment according to their degree of physical nicotine dependence. Those least dependent (BCG) were not given nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), while those with the highest level of dependence (NRTG) used nicotine patches during a 12-week period. A total of 267 subjects completed a 5-year period of followup; 123 were from the BCG and 144 from the NRTG. The abstinence was greater for those who used NRT than for those in the BCG: 29.9% as opposed to 24.4%, for intermittent abstinence (OR 0.93; CI 95 %: 0.53–1.62), and 20.1% as opposed to 15.4% for continual abstinence (OR 1.41; IC 95 %: 0.75–2.66). The 74.4% of subjects who achieved 5 years of abstinence and belonged to the NRTG had correctly completed the pharmacological therapy and 25.6% had not done so. Of those who were not able to achieve nonsmoking status at 5 years, 37.6% had correctly completed the therapy and 62.4% had not done so (p < .05). At the 5-year follow-up 20.1% of subjects who used NRT for 3 months remained abstinent, while only 15.4% of those without patches remained abstinent. Those patients who were more likely to achieve abstinence were those who were older and who were male.
Women and Tobacco Harm Reduction in Appalachia, Ohio
Authors: Ferketich Amy K. , Pirie Phyllis , Wewers Mary Ellen , Barquero Dalisa , Hardikar Sheetal 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to extend research regarding the perceptions smokers have of the advantages and disadvantages of using potential reduced exposure products (PREPs). Five focus groups with female current smokers were conducted in the Appalachian region of Ohio. The semistructured discussion guide was developed to capture information on reasons why women smoke, why and how they quit smoking, and reasons why women would switch to PREPs. The results suggest that these smokers did not express enthusiasm for using PREPs as an aid to smoking cessation or as a harm reduction product. In general, the concept of harm reduction in the sense of reducing disease risks did not engage the participants. Early in the discussion the women had identified some problems caused by their smoking and later PREPs were viewed as reducing these. The results suggest that PREPs may be attractive to some smokers because they offer benefits that other products lack.
Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Lutein Dunaliella salina pada Salinitas yang Berbeda
Authors: Kimberly Faith Dibri , Supriyantini Endang , Sedjati Sri 
Published: May 2019

Dunaliella salina adalah salah satu mikroalga yang mengandung pigmen lutein. Lutein memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan untuk melawan radikal bebas pada mata. Pertumbuhan mikroalga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor lingkungan, salah satunya adalah salinitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan salinitas terbaik guna mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan produksi pigmen lutein pada D. salina. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratoris. Mikroalga D. salina dikultivasi dengan lima perlakuan salinitas yang berbeda yaitu 20, 25, 30, 35, dan 40 ppt. Pertumbuhan sel D. salina diamati selama 9 x 24 jam kemudian dipanen untuk perhitungan biomassanya. Biomassa basah hasil kultivasi diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut aseton. Ekstrak aseton D. salina kemudian dianalisis kandungan pigmen luteinnya secara spektrofotometrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan salinitas berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan sel dan kandungan pigmen lutein D. salina. Pertumbuhan sel D. salina optimum pada perlakuan salinitas 30 ppt,yaitu sebesar 125,86 x 104 sel/mL, sedangkan untuk kandungan pigmen lutein D. salina diproduksi optimum pada salinitas 25 ppt, yaitu sebesar 0,0077 µg/g. Dunaliella salina is a microalga containing lutein pigment. Lutein has the role of being an antioxidant to fight free radicals in the eye. Microalgae growth is influenced by a variety of environmental factors, such as salinity. The purpose of this research is to determine the best salinity to optimize the growth and production of lutein pigments in D. salina. The method used in this research was a laboratory experiment. Microalgae D.salina was cultivated with five different salinity treatments, which 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ppt. Growth of D. salina cells was observed for 9 x 24 hours and then harvested for the biomass determination. The wet biomass from the cultivation results was extracted using acetone solvent. D. salina acetone extract was then analyzed for its lutein pigment content spectrophotometrically. The results showed that salinity treatment had a significant effect on cell growth and pigment content of lutein D. salina. The optimum growth of D. salina cell is optimally achieved in 30 ppt salinity treatment at the amount of 125,86 x 104 cell/mL, while for the lutein pigment content of D. salina is optimally achieved in 25 ppt salinity at the amount of 0,0077 µg/g.
Komposisi Dan Kelimpahan Fitoplankton Di Laguna Segara Anakan, Cilacap
Authors: Wiyarsih Budhy , Endrawati Hadi , Sedjati Sri 
Published: May 2019

Segara Anakan merupakan laguna yang terletak di selatan Pulau Jawa tepatnya di perbatasan antara Jawa Barat dengan Jawa Tengah. Kawasan Segara Anakan merupakan tempat bertemunya sungai besar, sehingga mengalami perubahan penurunan kualitas perairan berupa penyempitan dan pedangkalan akibat proses sedimentasi yang tinggi. Hal ini dikhawatirkan dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya kualitas perairan yang dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan fitoplankton di perairan. Fitoplankton merupakan parameter biologi yang dapat dijadikan bioindikator untuk mengevaluasi kualitas dan tingkat kesuburan suatu perairan. Kondisi tentang lingkungan perairan diperkirakan berubah sepanjang waktu, maka perlu penelitian fitoplankton, untuk mengetahui tingkat kesuburan perairannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi dan kelimpahan fitoplankton di Laguna Segara Anakan, Cilacap. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan pengambilan data menggunakan purposive sampling method. Hasil menunjukkan ditemukan 34 genera yaitu Kelas Bacillariophyceae (21 genera), Kelas Cyanophyceae (4 genera), Dinophyceae (6 genera), Chlorophyceae (2 genera), dan Euglenophyceae (1 genus). Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar antara 12.945,8-38.194,1 sel/liter. Indeks Keanekaragaman termasuk kategori sedang dengan nilai berkisar 1,60 - 2,32. Indeks keseragaman termasuk kategori sedang hingga tinggi, dengan nilai berkisar 0,59 - 0,81. Indeks dominansi berkisar antara 0,18 - 0,44. menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada genus yang mendominasi. Segara Anakan is a lagoon located in the south of Java Island precisely on the border between West Java and Central Java. Segara Anakan area is the place where the big river meets. Water quality decrease because of narrowing the lagoon due to the high sedimentation process. This may affect the presence of phytoplankton in the water. The quality and the fertility level of aquatic can be evaluated through the phytoplankton existence since phytoplankton is used as a biological indicator for the marine environment. The condition of the aquatic environment is expected to change over time, so it is necessary to study phytoplankton. The purpose of this research is to know about the composition and abundance of phytoplankton in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap. This research used the descriptive explorative method by data sampling using purposive sampling method. The study showed 34 genera of Bacillariophyceae (21 genera), Cyanophyceae (4 genera), Dinophyceae (6 genera), Chlorophyceae (2 genera), and Euglenophyceae (1 genus). The abundance of phytoplankton ranging from 12.945,8-38.194,1 cells/liter. The Diversity Index is a medium category with values ranging from 1.60 to 2.32. The evenness index is moderate to high, with values ranging from 0.59 to 0.81. The Dominant index ranges from 0.18 to 0.44. The value indicates the category of no dominating genus.
Minimizing cost by reducing scaling operations in distributed stream processing
Authors: Borkowski Michael , Hochreiner Christoph , Schulte Stefan 
Published: May 2019

Elastic distributed stream processing systems are able to dynamically adapt to changes in the workload. Often, these systems react to the rate of incoming data, or to the level of resource utilization, by scaling up or down. The goal is to optimize the system's resource usage, thereby reducing its operational cost. However, such scaling operations consume resources on their own, introducing a certain overhead of resource usage, and therefore cost, for every scaling operation. In addition, migrations caused by scaling operations inevitably lead to brief processing gaps. Therefore, an excessive number of scaling operations should be avoided.
We approach this problem by preventing unnecessary scaling operations and over-compensating reactions to short-term changes in the workload. This allows to maintain elasticity, while also minimizing the incurred overhead cost of scaling operations. To achieve this, we use advanced filtering techniques from the field of signal processing to pre-process raw system measurements, thus mitigating superfluous scaling operations. We perform a real-world testbed evaluation verifying the effects, and provide a break-even cost analysis to show the economic feasibility of our approach.
Explain
3D
Authors: Wang Xiaolan , Meliou Alexandra 
Published: May 2019

Data plays an important role in applications, analytic processes, and many aspects of human activity. As data grows in size and complexity, we are met with an imperative need for tools that promote understanding and explanations over data-related operations. Data management research on explanations has focused on the assumption that data resides in a single dataset, under one common schema. But the reality of today's data is that it is frequently unintegrated, coming from different sources with different schemas. When different datasets provide different answers to semantically similar questions, understanding the reasons for the discrepancies is challenging and cannot be handled by the existing single-dataset solutions.
In this paper, we propose explain3D, a framework for explaining the disagreements across disjoint datasets (3D). Explain3D focuses on identifying the reasons for the differences in the results of two semantically similar queries operating on two datasets with potentially different schemas. Our framework leverages the queries to perform a semantic mapping across the relevant parts of their provenance; discrepancies in this mapping point to causes of the queries' differences. Exploiting the queries gives explain3D an edge over traditional schema matching and record linkage techniques, which are query-agnostic. Our work makes the following contributions: (1) We formalize the problem of deriving optimal explanations for the differences of the results of semantically similar queries over disjoint datasets. Our optimization problem considers two types of explanations, provenance-based and value-based, defined over an evidence mapping, which makes our solution interpretable. (2) We design a 3-stage framework for solving the optimal explanation problem. (3) We develop a smart-partitioning optimizer that improves the efficiency of the framework by orders of magnitude. (4) We experiment with real-world and synthetic data to demonstrate that explain3D can derive precise explanations efficiently, and is superior to alternative methods based on integration techniques and single-dataset explanation frameworks.
国际汉语教材中的中国人物性别角色
Authors: 彭 增安 , 闫 晓莉 
Published: May 2019

提要：国际汉语教材既是外国学习者学习汉语知识的工具，也是了解中国的一个重要窗口。教材中的人物设置及性别刻板印象会对学习者产生潜移默化的影响。本文从人物设定、作者性别、角色职业分布和角色职业出现的频次等方面着手，对较有代表性的五套国际汉语综合教材进行了数据统计和文本分析，发现国际汉语教材中确实存在对中国男女角色的性别刻板印象。文章分析总结了国际汉语教材中出现中国男女性别刻板印象的一些原因，并对如何消解教材中的中国性别角色刻板印象提出了几点建议。
汉语作为外语写作焦虑的质性研究
Authors: 剑 吴 , 欣 刘 
Published: May 2019

提要：汉语作为外语写作时产生的焦虑是一种极其复杂的心理现象。我们在 Cheng（2004）研制的 “第二语言写作焦虑量表” 基础上结合汉语特点稍作修改制成 “汉语作为外语写作焦虑量表”，并根据量表进行了问卷调查，得到 204 份有效问卷。考虑写作焦虑本身的主观性、动态性、阶段性，本研究在 204 份有效问卷答题者中选定六名外国留学生做了深度访谈，同时对四名担任他们写作课的任课教师做了深度访谈。学生访谈提纲和教师访谈提纲参考了Horwitz et al (1986)、Macintyre and Gardner (1991)、Aida（1994）、Gregersen (2003)、Ewald (2007)的研究结论。通过对六名受访学生和四名受访教师的访谈，本文研究发现：（一）受访学生写作焦虑的主要影响因素是性格、写作策略、评价恐惧，其中关键因素是性格。（二）受访学生认为大量的写作训练是减少写作焦虑的最好办法，然而该解决方案受访教师没有提及并予以足够重视，可见教师与学生在降低汉语写作焦虑方法论上的侧重点有所不同。（三）受访教师认为华裔与非华裔在写作方法和写作效果上存在显著差异，然而在写作焦虑上并无显著差异，今后在汉语写作焦虑研究设计中没有必要设置华裔/非华裔这一身份变量了。（四）总体焦虑值高于 3 的受访学生会有明显的写作焦虑自我认知，反之，总体焦虑低于 3 的受访学生会有明显的无写作焦虑自我认知。（五）写作焦虑是否会随着学习时间增加而减少，受访学生有不同意见。持肯定意见的学生认为只要克服语言表达上的障碍，写作焦虑就会越学越少。持反对意见的学生则认为随着自身汉语水平的提高，自己对写作表达能力的要求也在不断加码，因此写作焦虑不会随着学习时间变长而发生太大变化。（六）过程写作教学法在降低汉语写作焦虑上行之有效，为大部分学生所接受，但仍需要根据实际教学情况做出一定的修改。
人文社會科學語料庫與學術搭配詞檢索系統之建置與專業華語教學
Authors: 貞妤 劉 , 浩然 陳 , 鑑城 吳 
Published: May 2019

提要：有鑑於專業華語的研究與教材仍為不足，本研究基以人文社會科學領域之高頻詞，應用以網路為語料庫的概念，自網頁擷取了約 4 千 3 百萬字之語料建置人文社會科學語料庫，並據此建置學術搭配詞檢索系統，可提供豐富搭配詞資訊與例句為教學與教材編纂所用。與收錄一般語料之中央研究院平衡語料庫相比亦發現，本系統可提供較多學術相關之搭配詞，彰顯此語料庫之學術色彩，亦顯示此種語料庫建置方式有其效用，可應用於未來專業華語之探究。
Developing a Linearization Method to Determine Optimum Blending for Surimi with Varied Moisture Contents Using Linear Programming
Authors: Park Hyeon W. , Park Jae W. , Yoon Won B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Novel algorithm to determine the least cost formulation of a surimi blend was developed using linear programming (LP). Texture properties and the unit cost of surimi blend at the target moisture content were used as constraint functions and the objective function, respectively. The mathematical models to describe the moisture content dependence of the ring tensile properties were developed using critical moisture content, and the model parameters were used for the least cost LP (LCLP) model. The LCLP model successfully predicted the quality of surimi blend. Sensitivity analysis was used to obtain an additional information when the perturbations of design variables are provided. A standard procedure to determine the least cost formulation for blending surimi with varied moisture contents was systematically developed.
The pragmatics of amicable interstate communication
Authors: Kampf Zohar , Aldar Lee , Danziger Roni , Schreiber Mia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a research agenda for studying the building blocks of amicable communication and their role in fostering sociability between states. Against the backdrop of linguistic-pragmatic, international relations, and communication theories, it first theorizes the state as a communicating actor in social interactions and conceptualizes amicable actions and their potential to advance relations in interstate communication. On the basis of 2,180 amicable statements performed by a variety of international actors in a range of communicative contexts, a classification according to variations, intended goals, and prevalence of amicable actions is suggested. The findings show a preference to perform interstate communication through solidarity-oriented and expressive actions. Asserting friendship and thanking were found to be the most popular actions, frequently utilized by international actors in a range of ceremonial contexts. Paying respect and expressions of honor were found to be the most frequent strategy for showing one’s deference to the other’s sovereignty and autonomy. In the conclusions, we argue for the importance of studying the pragmatics of interstate communication and point to factors that need to be confronted in the future in order to answer the overarching question: Under what conditions do amicable actions achieve their ends?
Investigating test-takers’ strategy use in task-based L2 pragmatic speaking assessment
Authors: Youn Soo Jung , Bi Nick Zhiwei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study explicates cognitive validity of task-based L2 pragmatic speaking assessment by examining reported strategy use of test takers at varying performance levels across different task types. Thirty university-level ESL learners completed four pragmatic speaking tasks that differ in the formality of pragmatic actions. Two trained raters scored the task-based pragmatic performances using analytical rating criteria and displayed a satisfactory level of consistency and accuracy in scoring the performances. The test-takers’ retrospective reports were transcribed and analyzed to develop a valid coding scheme that consists of cognitive, metacognitive, and pragmatic strategies. An association between the test-takers’ pragmatic performances scored by the trained raters and their reported strategy use was examined. The higher-ability test takers utilized diverse strategies more frequently, ranging from varied pragmatic strategies to strategies specifically related to managing task demands, compared to the lower-ability test takers. Further, the test takers utilized distinct types of strategies appropriate to handling unique pragmatic task situations and complexities involved in each pragmatic assessment task. These findings explain how the test takers cognitively interacted with the assessment tasks and what strategies potentially led to successful pragmatic performances. The implications of examining pragmatic strategy use were discussed in terms of advancing practices of teaching and assessing L2 pragmatics.
How to put yourself in someone else’s shoes: The role of point-of-view in the interpretation of mixed messages
Authors: Vergis Nikos 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDoes having a communicative role other than the speaker’s make a difference to the way pragmatic meaning is construed? Standard paradigms in interpersonal pragmatics have implicitly assumed a speaker-centric perspective over the years, however modern approaches have re-considered the role of listener evaluations. In the present study, I examine whether assuming different communicative roles (speaker, listener, observer) results in varying interpretations. A web-based experiment revealed that participants who took the perspective of different characters in short stories differed in the way they interpreted what the speaker meant. In most cases, participants in the role of the listener interpreted speaker meaning in more negative ways than participants in the other roles. The present study suggests that the directionality of the difference (negative inferences under the listener’s perspective) could be explained by taking into account affective factors.
A cross-linguistic perspective on the Right-Hand Head Rule: the rule and the exceptions
Authors: Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman Mitib 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The study investigates the patterning of headedness in compounding, in particular the patterning of regularities and exceptions to the Right-Hand Head Rule (RHHR). An examination of the grammatical descriptions of compounds in English, French, Italian, German, Arabic, Hebrew, Dutch and Spanish indicates that languages such as German and Dutch are strongly right-headed, other languages such as French and Arabic are strongly left-headed, whereas English, Spanish and Italian tend to be mixed between left-headed and right-headed. Despite the existence of some exceptions to RHHR in some of these languages, the rule remains viable, as these exceptions may have a systematic pattern. While in Romance languages the exceptions seem to be phonologically conditioned, in Germanic languages the exceptions appear to be syntactically conditioned. This study raises the question whether internal headedness in a language could be regarded as a fairly arbitrary property, unconnected to the language’s other characteristics, or not.