bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The greater occipital nerve and its spinal and brainstem afferent projections: A stereological and tract‐tracing study in the rat
Authors: García‐Magro Nuria , Martin Yasmina B. , Negredo Pilar , Avendaño Carlos 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe neuromodulation of the greater occipital nerve (GON) has proved effective to treat chronic refractory neurovascular headaches, in particular migraine and cluster headache. Moreover, animal studies have shown convergence of cervical and trigeminal afferents on the same territories of the upper cervical and lower medullary dorsal horn (DH), the so‐called trigeminocervical complex (TCC), and recent studies in rat models of migraine and craniofacial neuropathy have shown that GON block or stimulation alter nociceptive processing in TCC. The present study examines in detail the anatomy of GON and its central projections in the rat applying different tracers to the nerve and quantifying its ultrastructure, the ganglion neurons subserving GON, and their innervation territories in the spinal cord and brainstem. With considerable intersubject variability in size, GON contains on average 900 myelinated and 3,300 unmyelinated axons, more than 90% of which emerge from C2 ganglion neurons. Unmyelinated afferents from GON innervates exclusively laminae I‐II of the lateral DH, mostly extending along segments C2–3. Myelinated fibers distribute mainly in laminae I and III‐V of the lateral DH between C1 and C6 and, with different terminal patterns, in medial parts of the DH at upper cervical segments, and ventrolateral rostral cuneate, paratrigeminal, and marginal part of the spinal caudal and interpolar nuclei. Sparse projections also appear in other locations nearby. These findings will help to better understand the bases of sensory convergence on spinomedullary systems, a critical pathophysiological factor for pain referral and spread in severe painful craniofacial disorders.
Research on traffic sign detection algorithm based on deep learning
Authors: Wang Quan , Fu Weiping 
Published: August 2018

SummaryDue to the respective interests among the main bodies of the supply chain, it is necessary to introduce some mechanisms to coordinate the problem of decrease of detection rate caused by the interconnection of closed‐loop traffic signs. This paper proposes a traffic sign detection algorithm based on deep learning. It uses the red, green, and blue (RGB) normalization‐based color detection algorithm and regional feature decision criteria to automatically identify the multi‐sign interconnection candidate regions and perform edge smoothing and contour tracking for the extracted target regions. It uses deep learner based on global and local curvature characteristics to make traffic sign detection on the extracted contours, and, according to judgment criteria of convexity and concavity of corners as well as matching conditions of detection point pairs, extracts the detection point pairs between the signs from the corners. It seeks the detection lines between detection point pairs and realizes the final detection of signs. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Compared with the existing sign detection algorithm based on watershed transformation and the improved adaptive detection algorithm, it overcomes the sign over‐detection problem and improves the overall performances of the sign detection.
Improved group‐oriented proofs of cloud storage in IoT setting
Authors: Wang Xu An , Liu Yudong , Zhang Jindan , Yang Xiaoyuan , Zhang Minqing 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn the IoT setting, many resource constrained devices outsource their collected data to the Cloud. To ensure the outsourced data has not been lost, these devices need some mechanism to check the integrity of their data. Furthermore, in some settings, ad hoc devices need to act as a group, and in this group, any member may require to verify the integrity of outsourced cloud storage. Aiming at solving this problem, in AISACCS'15, first proposed the concept of group‐based proofs of storage (GPoS). In GPoS, a group manager can authorize data owners as group members, and then these group members can outsource files to the cloud storage server; later, each member can verify the integrity of the outsourced cloud storage. They also give a concrete construction of GPoS. Unfortunately, in this paper, we find their scheme is not secure. Recently, also proposed a dynamic group‐based integrity auditing protocol for outsrouced cloud storage; we also show their scheme is not secure either. Finally, we give an improved scheme and roughly analysis to its security and performance.
Statistics for Immunologists
Authors: Skinner Jeff 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStatistical tests and graphs are an important part of any immunological research publication or presentation, but not all immunologists have the statistical expertise to choose the best methods to evaluate and represent their experiments. These protocols provide a brief overview of the statistical methods most relevant to immunology researchers, so they can either analyze their own data or better understand their statistician collaborators. Protocols cover the basics of t‐tests, ANOVA, nonparametric tests, linear and nonlinear regression models, categorical response models, statistical design of experiments, and advanced methods like re‐sampling tests, Bayesian statistics, and methods for high‐throughput ‐omics data. Each topic receives a brief overview of the theory and usage, followed by brief instructions and code examples for R software. These protocols should be useful to biologists who are learning statistics for the first time and biologists who would like a refresher on basic statistical methods. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performances in Flexible Mesoscopic Solar Cells: An Effective Light‐Scattering Material
Authors: Yang Yuke , Cui Lingling , Wang Bo , Qiao Ru , Chen Dehong , Fan Jiajie , Shao Guosheng , Zhang Xiao Li 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe development of a suitable material with both effective light scattering and high surface adhesion properties that would allow a low‐temperature fabrication of a mechanically stable light trapping layer is critical for today's flexible plastic dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to reach comparable high power conversion efficiency (PEC) towards commercialization. In the present work, submicron‐sized titania particles of intensive surface roughness were strategically synthesized using a combined sol–gel and thermolysis approach. When used as a light‐trapping layer in flexible DSCs, the ideal strong light scattering ability of such materials enabled significant enhancement of light harvesting and thus greatly contributed to the photocurrent performances. This led to a nearly 30 % PEC improvement when compared to the flexible DSCs using nanoparticle‐based photoanodes of a similar film thickness.
Two Useful Directing Modes in Singlet Oxygen Reactivity: Electrostatic Effects in the Ene Reaction with Allylic Alcoholates and a Chemoselectivity Change with α‐Alkoxy Michael Esters
Authors: Kleczka Margarethe , But Diana , Dylong Dominik , Fendinger Carolina , Marmann Verena , Wartke Christian , Griesbeck Axel G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe singlet oxygen reaction with trisubstituted E‐allylic alcohols resulted in the unselective formation of regioisomeric secondary and tertiary allylic hydroperoxides. Increasing the steric demand at the allylic hydroxymethyl group leads to a moderate large‐group effect that can be strongly enhanced by deprotonation of a dimethylated allylic alcohol and even more pronounced by cation complexation. The presence of alkoxide groups did additionally alter the diastereoselectivity of the singlet oxygen ene reactions with chiral allylic alcohols. The molecular combination of Michael ester and enol ether in α‐alkoxy ester substrates made possible the design of chemoselective substrates for singlet oxygen ene versus [2+2] cycloaddition, e. g. a 3,3‐dimethylated Michael ester as a selective substrate for the ene reaction and an adamantyl analogue as a selective 2+2 substrate. The Z/E‐monomethylated substrates as probes for cis regioselectivity revealed that there is no site preference for Z‐alkoxy hydrogen transfer on the way to the corresponding ene product.
Photoinduced Nitrile Formation from O‐(Arylcarbonyl) oxime: Usage as a Photoremovable Protecting Group
Authors: Matsubara Ryosuke , Idros Ubaidah Md , Yabuta Tatsushi , Ma Huiying , Hayashi Masahiko , Eda Kazuo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEmploying a photoremovable protecting group is a useful technique to achieve precise conditional control over a biological function. This Communication reports the development of a photoremovable protecting group for the nitrile moiety. In the process, O‐(arylcarbonyl) oxime was photochemically converted into the corresponding nitrile in the presence of a carbazole photosensitizer by means of an electron transfer from the excited carbazole to the arylcarbonyl unit. A variety of alkyl and (hetero) aryl nitriles were generated from the corresponding O‐(arylcarbonyl) oximes. Moreover, a self‐contained variant, in which O‐(arylcarbonyl) oxime and carbazole units were covalently bonded, exhibited photochemical nitrile formation even in a highly diluted aqueous solution (0.1 mM), thus demonstrating that this molecular motif is potentially applicable in biological systems.
A simple average current control with time‐length equality for primary‐side regulation flyback converter with constant output current control
Authors: Wang Chong , Xu Shen , Kou Xingpeng , Lu Shengli , Sun Weifeng 
Published: August 2018

SummaryPrimary‐side regulation (PSR) flyback converter is widely used in small power applications. To increase the output power, continuous conduction modulation mode is always introduced. In this paper, a simple average current control method with very low cost is proposed for constant current controlled PSR flyback converter in both continuous conduction modulation mode and discontinuous conduction modulation mode. The average current control method is realized with time‐length equality by simply comparing the average current with switch current, such that analog‐to‐digital converter for current sampling in traditional average current control method is removed. In addition, to eliminate the subharmonic oscillation and keep low cost, a fixed switch‐off time control with time‐length compensation algorithm is used. To improve the output current accuracy, a hysteretic multimode control method is applied. The total control requires very low implementation costs that only contain a low‐speed Digital to analog converter (DAC), three comparators, and a digital controller. The performance of the proposed control method is experimentally verified on an Field‐progrannable gate array (FPGA) controlled 3.8 to 16 V/3.8 A PSR flyback converter. In experiments, stable control and high output current accuracy are obtained, and the output current accuracy is within ±1.8% under universe line voltage and output load.
Small‐cell intensities for cellular network affected by cell‐edge and hotspot
Authors: Borah Janmoni , Bora Joyatri 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAt present, every network operator is looking for a cost‐effective and spectrally efficient solution not only for better coverage but also to offer higher data rates. Stochastic‐based heterogeneous cellular networks have taken over the thoroughly planned traditional hexagonal grid networks. Heterogeneous networks typically include multiple tiers of base stations and small cells. This paper presents an analysis of a cellular network with cell‐edge, uncovered, and hotspot (HS) users based on spatial bivariate Poisson Point Process. The work compares the relationship between small cell intensity for cell‐edge and HS user's intensity within macrocell area. The variations in small cell intensity for uncovered and HS users outside macrocells are also presented. The simulation results depict higher small cell intensity in cell‐edge areas as compared with HS areas within the macrocells, while for outside of macrocells, small cell intensity in HS areas is much higher than that for uncovered areas. The expected numbers of small cell inside and outside macrocells are obtained along with the total new cells required for the proposed model.
Treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: learning from pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Graziani Francesca , Varone Francesco , Crea Filippo , Richeldi Luca 
Published: August 2018

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a poor prognosis, and an effective treatment is currently lacking. Increasing evidence suggests a prevailing pathogenic role of cardiac fibrosis in HFpEF, which generates the possibility of a mechanistic overlap with pulmonary fibrosis. Indeed, cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis share some characteristics and molecular pathways, such as that of transforming growth factor‐β. If pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis share common pathways, we can hypothesize a beneficial effect of anti‐fibrotic drugs used in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on cardiac outcomes. Of note, pirfenidone has been tested in animal models of cardiac fibrosis and was found to be effective in reducing ventricular remodelling. Yet, no results are hitherto available for humans.In this review article, we discuss the potential benefit of anti‐fibrotic treatment in HFpEF. In particular, we propose to reappraise safety data collected in placebo‐controlled trials of anti‐fibrotic drugs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, to explore the hypothesis that these might reduce cardiac fibrosis.
Age‐based stereotype threat and negative outcomes in the workplace: Exploring the role of identity integration
Authors: Manzi Claudia , Paderi Fabio , Benet‐Martínez Verónica , Coen Sharon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the presence of age‐based stereotypes in the workplace is often associated with lower levels of work engagement and adjustment among older employees. This study examines possible mediators and moderators of this relationship using data from a sample of 2,348 older (age > 50) employees at the Italian national rail company. We test a model in which the effects of age‐based stereotype threat on organizational involvement, future time perspective, and psychological well‐being are mediated by work–age identity integration (how much individuals see their age and organizational identities as compatible and blended). Secondly, we explored whether these effects are moderated by gender and job status. Results indicate that age‐based stereotypes are associated with negative outcomes for employees’ work and personal adjustment, and that these relationships are partially mediated by variations in work–age identity integration.
Proteomic and metabolomic study of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) fruit during ripening process
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Jameel R. , Jamil Nor Azreen Mohd , Rahmad Norasfaliza , Rosli Nurul Hafiza Mohd 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWax apple is one of the underutilized fruits that is considered a good source of fibers, vitamins, minerals as well as antioxidants. In this study, a comparative analysis of the developments of wax fruit ripening at the proteomic and metabolomic level was reported. 2D electrophoresis coupled with MALDI–TOF/TOF was used to compare the proteome profile from three developmental stages named immature, young, and mature fruits. In general, the protein expression profile and the identified proteins function were discussed for their potential roles in fruit physiological development and ripening processes. The metabolomic investigation was also performed on the same samples using quadrupole LC–MS (LC–QTOF/MS). Roles of some of the differentially expressed proteins and metabolites are discussed in relation to wax apple ripening during the development. This is the first study investigating the changes in the proteins and metabolites in wax apple at different developmental stages. The information obtained from this research will be helpful in developing biomarkers for breeders and help the plant researchers to avoid wax apple cultivation problems such as fruit cracking.
Revisiting design earthquake spectra
Authors: Calvi Gian Michele 
Published: August 2018

SummaryFor several decades, seismologists and engineers have been struggling to perfect the shape of design spectra, analyzing recorded signals, and speculating on probabilities. This research effort produced several improvements, for example, suggesting to adopt more than one period to define a spectral shape or proposing different spectral shapes as a function of the return period of the design ground motion. The spectral shapes recommended in most modern codes are driven by considerations on uniform hazard; however, the basic assumption of adopting essentially three fundamental criteria, ie, constant acceleration at low periods, constant displacement at long periods, and constant velocity in an intermediate period range, has never been really questioned.In this opinion paper, the grounds of a constant velocity assumption is discussed and shown to be disputable and not physically based. Spectral shape based on different logics are shown to be potentially consistent with the experimental evidence and to lead to possible differences of 100% in terms of displacement and acceleration demand in the wide intermediate period range that characterizes the vast majority of structures.In this framework, the historical development of linear and nonlinear spectra is critically revisited, proposing a novel original way of defining seismic demand.
Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Repetitive Eating Questionnaire: Further evidence for two distinct subtypes of grazing behaviour
Authors: Reas Deborah Lynn , Lindvall Dahlgren Camilla , Wonderlich Joseph , Syversen Gro , Lundin Kvalem Ingela 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe Repetitive Eating Questionnaire, Rep(eat)‐Q, is a 12‐item self‐report measure of compulsive and noncompulsive forms of grazing behaviour (i.e., eating modest amounts of food in a repetitive and unplanned manner). The aim was to validate the proposed two‐factor model of the Rep(eat)‐Q in a community sample.MethodA total of 190 university students (78% female) were administered the Rep(eat)‐Q along with other measures of eating behaviour. Mean age was 22.6 (SD = 4.2, 19–43) and mean body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was 22.4 (SD = 2.9, 17–37).ResultsFindings revealed good fit indexes for the two‐factor model by confirmatory factor analysis, supporting the original solution. Internal consistency was excellent for the total score and two subscales (range 0.86 to 0.91). Age and BMI did not correlate significantly with the Rep(eat)‐Q. Moderate to strong correlations (rsp ≥ 0.48 to 0.61) were found between the compulsive grazing subscale and eating‐related measures, whereas weaker correlations (rsp ≥ 0.37 to 0.45) were found between the repetitive eating subscale and eating‐related measures.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the proposed factor structure of the Rep(eat)‐Q in a community sample, offering additional support to the conceptual distinction between compulsive (marked by loss of control) and repetitive (noncompulsive) subtypes of grazing behaviour.
Clines on the seashore: The genomic architecture underlying rapid divergence in the face of gene flow
Authors: Westram Anja M. , Rafajlović Marina , Chaube Pragya , Faria Rui , Larsson Tomas , Panova Marina , Ravinet Mark , Blomberg Anders , Mehlig Bernhard , Johannesson Kerstin , Butlin Roger 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAdaptive divergence and speciation may happen despite opposition by gene flow. Identifying the genomic basis underlying divergence with gene flow is a major task in evolutionary genomics. Most approaches (e.g., outlier scans) focus on genomic regions of high differentiation. However, not all genomic architectures potentially underlying divergence are expected to show extreme differentiation. Here, we develop an approach that combines hybrid zone analysis (i.e., focuses on spatial patterns of allele frequency change) with system-specific simulations to identify loci inconsistent with neutral evolution. We apply this to a genome-wide SNP set from an ideally suited study organism, the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis, which shows primary divergence between ecotypes associated with different shore habitats. We detect many SNPs with clinal patterns, most of which are consistent with neutrality. Among non-neutral SNPs, most are located within three large putative inversions differentiating ecotypes. Many non-neutral SNPs show relatively low levels of differentiation. We discuss potential reasons for this pattern, including loose linkage to selected variants, polygenic adaptation and a component of balancing selection within populations (which may be expected for inversions). Our work is in line with theory predicting a role for inversions in divergence, and emphasizes that genomic regions contributing to divergence may not always be accessible with methods purely based on allele frequency differences. These conclusions call for approaches that take spatial patterns of allele frequency change into account in other systems.
Preparation and in vitro diffusion study of essential oil Pickering emulsions stabilized by silica nanoparticles
Authors: Horváth Barbara , Pál Szilárd , Széchenyi Aleksandar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the field of essential oil research, the low water solubility of essential oils (EOs) causes several problems, not only in pharmaceutical applications, but also in microbiological experiments. The aim of our work was to prepare Pickering emulsions with tea tree, thyme, and anise EOs stabilized with silica nanoparticles, in order to enhance their availability for microbiological tests. We have examined the influence of surface properties and concentration of silica nanoparticles and dispergation energy on emulsion stability and droplet size. In vitro diffusion experiments have been performed on model agar gel membranes, with the stable Pickering emulsions and conventional emulsions of EOs stabilized with Tween 80 surfactant. We have examined the influence of surface modifying group type, surface coverage of silica nanoparticles, and droplet size of the emulsions on the diffusion properties of the EOs. Our results show that highly stable Pickering emulsions can be prepared with silica nanoparticles of 20 nm diameter and 20% of surface covered with ethyl groups, in a wide EO concentration range. The cumulative amount of the EO was more effective in Pickering emulsions than in conventional emulsions for tea tree and thyme EOs, whereas the opposite case was true for anise EO. As the droplet size of the Pickering emulsion decreases, the cumulative concentration of the EO increases. In this work, we have shown that the Pickering emulsions of EOs are a suitable form for EO transport through complex membranes, and hopefully can be effectively applied in microbiological and pharmaceutical experiments.