bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crack tip plastic zone evolution during an overload cycle and the contribution of plasticity‐induced shielding to crack growth rate changes
Authors: Vasco‐Olmo J.M. , Díaz F.A. , James M.N. , Yang B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work explores the contribution to crack growth rate acceleration and deceleration that arises from plasticity‐induced shielding during an overload cycle. The CJP model of crack tip displacements and stress fields was proposed to better capture the influences on the applied elastic stress field of the plastic enclave that is generated around a growing fatigue crack. The model does this through a set of elastic stresses applied at a notional elastic‐plastic boundary, and it has been shown to accurately model plastic zone shape and size, whilst its ability to predict the effective range of stress intensity factor during a fatigue cycle has been independently verified. In this paper, the CJP model is used to follow plastic zone size and shape through an overload fatigue cycle and to assess the extent that plasticity‐induced shielding accounts for the observed crack growth changes. The changes in effective stress intensity factor range during the overload demonstrate that the observed growth rate changes during overload cycles can only be partially rationalised through plasticity‐induced shielding (closure).
Fatigue life prediction of notched specimen for ultrahigh‐strength steel TM210A
Authors: Yin G.Q. , Ji X.H. , Kang X. , Zhao G.P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effective stress model of the fatigue life prediction for notched components based on smooth specimens is presented. The model used surface area elements in the high‐stress region surrounding the root of a notch. The weakest link theory incorporating the stress field intensity model was used in this approach. The effects of stress gradient and component size were considered. A constant amplitude rotating bending fatigue experiment was performed at room temperature at stress ratio R = −1 for smooth and notched specimens of the ultrahigh‐strength steel TM210A. The proposed prediction method was checked against the experimental results of the TM210A notched specimens. Prediction results of 50% survival rate were all within a factor of 2 scatter band of the experimental results.
The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on functional dyspepsia in Turkish children
Authors: Ünlüsoy Aksu Aysel , Yılmaz Güldal , Eğritaş Gürkan Ödül , Sarı Sinan , Dalgıç Buket 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on dyspepsia symptom scores in children with functional dyspepsia (FD).Materials and MethodsOne hundred and fifty functional dyspeptic children (ages 8‐18 years, mean: 13.3 ± 2.84 years; 30% male) were enrolled to this prospective study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on all patients, and the samples from the gastric antrum and corpus were obtained for the existence of H. pylori. 13Carbon‐urea breath test was performed to evaluate the eradication therapy's efficacy. The symptoms were assessed at first visit and at the 8th week and 16th week.ResultsForty‐nine (33%) children were in the H. pylori‐positive group, and 101 (67%) children were in the H. pylori‐negative group. Dyspepsia symptom scores improved at 8th week in both groups (P < .05). Helicobacter pylori was eradicated in 30 patients (61%), while in the H. pylori‐eradicated group, all dyspepsia symptoms' scores decreased, and in the H. pylori‐uneradicated group, only three symptoms' scores decreased. Symptom scores were lower in H. pylori‐eradicated group than H. pylori‐uneradicated group.ConclusionsAlthough the tests used for the diagnosis of H. pylori in functional dyspeptic patients increased the cost of health care, the dyspepsia symptom scores decreased with the eradication therapy in a high prevalence community. The findings may differ in low prevalence communities where the diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection are not recommended in children in the absence of alarm signs or symptoms.
Refugee Hospitality in Lebanon and Turkey. On Making ‘The Other’
Authors: Carpi Estella , Pınar Şenoğuz H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the hospitality provided to Syrian refugees during the refugee crisis spanning from 2011 to 2016 in the border areas of Gaziantep (southeastern Turkey) and the Akkar region (northern Lebanon). Hospitality, apart from a cultural value and societal response to the protracted refugee influx, is a discursive strategy of socio‐spatial control used by humanitarian agencies, local and national authorities. This paper, first, argues against hospitality as an assessment to ethically compare host countries (i.e. more welcoming versus less welcoming states). Second, drawing on Walters’ notion of “humanitarian border”, it shows how the governmental, humanitarian, and everyday workings of hospitality exercise an assertive politics of sovereignty over the social encounter between locals and refugees. We examine the state‐centered hospitality in the Turkish case and a humanitarian‐promoted hospitality in the Lebanese case. We also show how the hospitality discourse shapes the spaces that refugees, citizens, and earlier migrants partake in.
How do mental health services respond when child abuse or neglect become known? A literature review
Authors: Read John , Harper David , Tucker Ian , Kennedy Angela 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChild abuse and neglect are strongly associated with many subsequent mental health problems. This review summarizes the research on how adult mental health services respond when child abuse or neglect become known. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for studies with rates of responding in various ways to child abuse and neglect by mental health professionals. Thirteen studies were identified: seven case note reviews, three surveys of staff, and three sets of interviews with service users. Rates of inclusion of abuse or neglect in treatment plans ranged from 12% to 44%. Rates of referral to abuse‐related therapy ranged from 8% to 23%. Rates were lower for neglect than for abuse and were also lower for men and people with a diagnosis of psychosis. Two per cent or less of all cases were referred to legal authorities. The studies varied in focus and methodology, but all indicated inadequate clinical practice. The rates of abused or neglected people referred for therapy are actually lower than indicated by this review because most users of adult mental health services are not asked about abuse or neglect in the first place. The barriers to good practice, and the need for trauma‐informed services, are discussed.
Change of sensing vector in the subcutaneous ICD during follow‐up and after device replacement
Authors: Bettin Markus , Rath Benjamin , Ellermann Christian , Leitz Patrick , Bögeholz Nils , Reinke Florian , Köbe Julia , Eckardt Lars , Frommeyer Gerrit 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) has been established as a valuable alternative to transvenous ICD for prevention of sudden cardiac death. The system automatically chooses the optimal sensing vector. However, during follow‐up and especially after device replacement we observed a change of the suggested sensing vector in automatic setup. Therefore, we analyzed frequency and reasons of vector change and its impact on inappropriate shocks (IAS).Material and methodsBetween June 2010 and December 2017, a total of 216 patients with S‐ICD® were included in this analysis. In all patients sensing vectors at the time of implantation, during follow‐up, and after device replacement were investigated. Median follow‐up time was 27.3 ± 25.3 months.ResultsA change of the initial vector was seen in 77 patients (35.7%). The most frequent reason for vector change was the postoperative setup in supine and erect position in 54 patients (70.1%). In 12 patients (15.5%), the vector was manually changed due to inappropriate sensing and/or therapies. Routine setup during follow‐up led to automatic vector change in 10 cases (13.0%). In only 1 patient the vector was manually changed due to oversensing in an exercise treadmill test. In 27 patients, the device was replaced due to battery depletion and in 6 of these patients the sensing vector was changed by the automatic setup. Vector change did not have an impact for inappropriate therapies in the follow‐up; only 1 patient received an IAS due to an inadvertent vector change after device replacement.ConclusionIn the present study, a significant number of S‐ICD® patients had a manual or automatic vector change during follow‐up and after device replacement. The study underlines the importance of a thoroughly performed screening and at least two valuable sensing vectors preimplant. Further studies are needed to evaluate the necessity of a routine automatic setup during follow‐up.
Alcohol‐mediated miR‐34a modulates hepatocyte growth and apoptosis
Authors: Iwagami Yoshifumi , Zou Jing , Zhang Hongyu , Cao Kevin , Ji Chengcheng , Kim Miran , Huang Chiung‐Kuei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRs) have been recently shown to be heavily involved in the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and suggested as a potential therapeutic target in ALD. The miR‐34a was consistently reported to be significantly elevated in several ALD rodent models, but it remains unclear how miR‐34a modulates the cellular behaviours of hepatocytes in ALD development and progression. This study aims to characterize alcohol‐induced miR‐34a impact on hepatocytes growth and apoptosis. The miRNA array was performed to assess changes in miRNA after chronic alcohol feeding. Liver and blood samples were used to examine ALD progression. The miR‐34a was overexpressed in human hepatocytes to evaluate its impact on cell growth and apoptosis. Real‐time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to determine the growth and apoptosis molecular signalling pathways associated with miR‐34a. Alcohol feeding significantly promoted fatty liver progression, serum ALT levels, apoptosis and miR‐34a expression in rat liver. Overexpression of miR‐34a in human hepatocytes suppressed cell growth signallings, including c‐Met, cyclin D1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). The miR‐34a might also inhibit the expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and its target, B‐cell lymphoma 2. Interestingly, the expression of miR‐34a reverses the suppressive effects of ethanol on cell growth. But, miR‐34a promotes hepatocyte senescence and apoptosis. Although the miR‐34a‐mediated down‐regulation of cell growth‐associated genes may contribute to cell growth retardation, other miR‐34a targets, such as Sirt1, may reverse this phenotype. Future studies will be needed to clarify the role of miR‐34a in ALD progression.
Phenotypic selection on growth rhythm in whitebark pine under climatic conditions warmer than seed origins
Authors: Warwell Marcus V. , Shaw Ruth G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGrowth rhythm that is well synchronized with seasonal changes in local climatic conditions is understood to enhance fitness; however, rapid ongoing climate change threatens to disrupt this synchrony. To evaluate phenotypic selection on growth rhythm under expected warmer and drier future climate, seedlings from 49 populations of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) were grown and measured over more than 10 years in two common garden field experiments on sites that approximate the projected future climate of the seed origins. Selection on growth rhythm was assessed by relating individual plant fitness to timing and rate of shoot elongation. Differential survival clearly evidenced selection on growth rhythm. We detected directional and stabilizing selection that varied in magnitude between experimental sites and among years. The observed phenotypic selection supports the interpretation of clinal variation among populations within tree species as reflecting adaptive variation in response to past natural selection mediated by climate. To the extent that growth rhythm is heritable, results of the present study suggest evolution of whitebark pine toward a more distinct timing of shoot elongation and generally more rapid elongation in the immediate next generation under ongoing climate change in environments similar to the study sites.
Prolonged (>100 Ma) ultrahigh temperature metamorphism in the Napier Complex, East Antarctica: A petrochronological investigation of Earth's hottest crust
Authors: Clark Chris , Taylor Richard J. M. , Kylander‐Clark Andrew R. C. , Hacker Bradley R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Napier Complex in East Antarctica preserves a record of ultrahigh temperature (UHT) metamorphism during the late Archean to early Palaeoproterozoic. While there is little argument that the UHT metamorphic event began at c. 2,580 Ma, the duration over which the rocks resided at UHT has been the subject of intense debate, with estimates for the end of metamorphism ranging from 2,545 to 2,440 Ma—a discrepancy of some 105 Ma. To resolve the time‐scale of UHT metamorphism, a zircon and garnet petrochronological (U–Pb, REE and Ti) data set from a suite of rocks from the Tula Mountains region of the Napier Complex was analysed. Individual concordant populations define zircon U–Pb ages for (a) reset zircon cores of 2,502–2,439 Ma; (b) zircon rims of 2,491–2,454 Ma; and (c) neocrystallized sector‐zoned zircon from 2,492 to 2,443 Ma. Ti‐in‐zircon thermometry places a minimum estimate of 830°C for zircon crystallization, with the majority of concordant populations yielding temperatures >900°C. Zircon–garnet partitioning (DYb vs. DYb/Gd) arrays reveal that the bulk of metamorphic zircon defines an equilibrium relationship with the garnet that forms part of the peak assemblage. Combined with existing geochronological constraints, the new petrochronological data demonstrate that the Napier Complex remained at UHT from c. 2,585 Ma until at least 2,450 Ma, a residence time of 135 Ma. In the absence of evidence for contemporaneous emplacement of large volumes of igneous rocks, a number of factors likely combined to drive and maintain these extreme temperatures. We propose that the P–T conditions experienced by the Napier Complex were achieved through a combination of orogenic plateau formation, preconditioning of the crust by a high‐T magmatic and UHT metamorphic event at c. 2,850 Ma, inefficient removal of heat‐producing elements during partial melting and slow exhumation. This style of long duration, regional, extreme metamorphism is becoming more commonly identified in the rock record as larger and more robust data sets are collected (e.g. the Eastern Ghats of India and the Gondwanan East African Orogen) and is commonly associated with the amalgamation phases of supercontinents/cratons.
Maternal Confidence for Physiologic Childbirth: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Neerland Carrie E. 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionConfidence is a term often used in research literature and consumer media in relation to birth, but maternal confidence has not been clearly defined, especially as it relates to physiologic labor and birth. The aim of this concept analysis was to define maternal confidence in the context of physiologic labor and childbirth.MethodsRodgers’ evolutionary method was used to identify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of maternal confidence for physiologic birth. Databases searched included Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts from the years 1995 to 2015. A total of 505 articles were retrieved, using the search terms pregnancy, obstetric care, prenatal care, and self‐efficacy and the keyword confidence. Articles were identified for in‐depth review and inclusion based on whether the term confidence was used or assessed in relationship to labor and/or birth. In addition, a hand search of the reference lists of the selected articles was performed. Twenty‐four articles were reviewed in this concept analysis.ResultsWe define maternal confidence for physiologic birth as a woman's belief that physiologic birth can be achieved, based on her view of birth as a normal process and her belief in her body's innate ability to birth, which is supported by social support, knowledge, and information founded on a trusted relationship with a maternity care provider in an environment where the woman feels safe.DiscussionThis concept analysis advances the concept of maternal confidence for physiologic birth and provides new insight into how women's confidence for physiologic birth might be enhanced during the prenatal period. Further investigation of confidence for physiologic birth across different cultures is needed to identify cultural differences in constructions of the concept.
Caspase 1 activity influences juvenile Batten disease (CLN3) pathogenesis
Authors: Burkovetskaya Maria , Bosch Megan E. , Karpuk Nikolay , Fallet Rachel , Kielian Tammy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractJuvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in CLN3. Symptoms appear between 5 and 10 years of age, beginning with blindness and seizures, followed by progressive cognitive and motor decline, and premature death. Glial activation and impaired neuronal activity are early signs of pathology in the Cln3Δex7/8 mouse model of JNCL, whereas neuron death occurs much later in the disease process. We previously reported that Cln3Δex7/8 microglia are primed toward a pro‐inflammatory phenotype typified by exaggerated caspase 1 inflammasome activation and here we extend those findings to demonstrate heightened caspase activity in the Cln3Δex7/8 mouse brain. Based on the ability of caspase 1 to cleave a large number of substrates that have been implicated in JNCL pathology, we examined the functional implications of caspase 1 inflammasome activity by crossing Cln3Δex7/8 and caspase 1‐deficient mice to create Cln3Δex7/8/Casp‐1−/− animals. Caspase 1 deletion influenced motor behavior deficits and astrocyte activation in the context of CLN3 mutation, since both were significantly reversed in Cln3Δex7/8/Casp‐1−/− mice, with phenotypes approaching that of wild‐type animals. We also report a progressive age‐dependent reduction in whisker length in Cln3Δex7/8 mice that was partially caspase 1‐dependent. However, not all CLN3 phenotypes were reversed following caspase 1 deletion, since no significant differences in lysosomal accumulation or microglial activation were observed between Cln3Δex7/8 and Cln3Δex7/8/Casp‐1−/− mice. Although the molecular targets of aberrant caspase 1 activity in the context of CLN3 mutation remain to be identified, our studies suggest that caspase 1 may represent a potential therapeutic target to mitigate some attributes of CLN3 disease.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Lysosomal Storage Disorders”.
The Relationship of Frailty and Hospitalization Among Older People: Evidence From a Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chang Shu‐Fang , Lin Hsiang‐Chun , Cheng Chih‐Ling 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis research explored the relationship between the stages of frailty and risk for hospitalization in older adults and evaluated the risk for hospitalization among the elderly in relation to various frailty assessment indexes.MethodsA systematic literature review and meta‐analysis were carried out. A total of 32,998 older people, 8,666 of whom were hospitalized, were included in this study. Two of the researchers independently collected and reviewed the literature. The key search terms used were “frailty” or “frail,” “hospitalization,” and “older people” or “older” or “geriatric” or “senior.” Data were recorded from January 2001 to July 2016. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted for quality assessment. A systematic search was carried out using Embase and Scopus to analyze the collected literature.FindingsA meta‐analysis was conducted on eight studies that discussed the relationship between frailty and hospitalization risk in older adults 65 years of age or older. The results showed that frail older people exhibited the highest risk for hospitalization, following by prefrail and robust older people. Next, different frailty assessment indicators were used to predict the risk for hospitalization among older people. All of these indexes also showed that older persons with frailty had the highest risk for hospitalization, followed by prefrail older people.ConclusionsFrailty is a vital issue in geriatric care and is a crucial factor in the hospitalization of older people. Frail older people were at the highest risk for hospitalization, following by prefrail and robust older people. Assessing frailty as early as possible can reduce the hospitalization risk among older people.Clinical RelevanceProfessional nursing staff should use frailty indicators in a timely fashion to assess the status of frailty in older people and should effectively develop frailty prevention strategies to decrease the risk for hospitalization and to enhance quality of life for older adults.
Maternal characteristics and behavioural/emotional problems in preschoolers: how they relate to sleep rhythmic movements at sleep onset
Authors: Laganière Christine , Gaudreau Hélène , Pokhvisneva Irina , Atkinson Leslie , Meaney Michael , Pennestri Marie‐Hélène 
Published: June 2018

SummarySleep rhythmic movements have been speculated to be a form of self‐soothing. While this sleep‐related movement has been associated with lower socioeconomic status, psychopathologies and maternal characteristics, prospective studies with sizeable sample and objective measurements are lacking. The objectives were: (a) to identify maternal characteristics predicting sleep rhythmic movements in children; and (b) to document behavioural/emotional problems in preschoolers with sleep rhythmic movements. Participants were mother–child dyads (N = 529) from the Adversity: Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment cohort. Questionnaires evaluating socioeconomic status (prenatal), maternal depressive symptoms (prenatal, 48 months), sleep rhythmic movements (12, 18, 24, 36, 48 months), maternal anxiety trait (24 months) and children's behavioural/emotional problems (48 months) were used. Maternal sensitivity (accuracy and appropriateness of mother's responses to her baby's needs) was assessed objectively with a filmed mother–infant interaction (6 months). Generalized estimating equation was used to investigate associations between sleep rhythmic movements and maternal characteristics (depression, anxiety and sensitivity). Linear regressions were used to assess associations between sleep rhythmic movements and behavioural/emotional problems in children. Lower maternal sensitivity, higher maternal depressive symptoms and lower socioeconomic status predicted sleep rhythmic movements in children (p < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that sleep rhythmic movements are associated with lower maternal sensitivity, measured objectively. This study also builds on previous reports, by documenting an association between sleep rhythmic movements and behavioural/emotional problems even in preschoolers. The presence of psychosocial factors in sleep rhythmic movements aetiology should be considered in treatment.