bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OXIDATION KINETICS AND QUANTIFICATION METHOD OF CHOLESTEROL USING CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE ENZYME CATALYST
Authors: Falah Iip Izul , Ritmaleni Ritmaleni , Yahya M. Utoro 
Published: January 2019

In view of health, cholesterol is believed as one of many sources can raise several diseases. Hence, both of research in quantification and developing simple, rapid and accurate analysis method of cholesterol in a sample is very important. Aim of this research was to investigate cholesterol oxidation kinetics and its quantification method based on oxidation of cholesterol and formation complex compound of hexathiocyanato ferat(III), {Fe(SCN)6}-3. The kinetics analysis and quantification, involved cholesterol oxidation in 0.1 M and pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution to produce cholest-4-en-3-one and hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of cholesterol oxidase enzyme. The formed hydrogen peroxide was used to oxidize iron(II) ion, which was reacted furthermore with thiocyanate ion to raise the red-brown complex compound. Results of the study showed that the complex was stable at 10-120 min since the reaction was started, with maximum wavelength of 530-540 nm. While the kinetics analysis gave first order oxidation reaction with a reaction rate constant, kapp = 5.22 x 10-2 min-1. Based on this kinetics data, cholesterol analysis method could be developed i.e. by oxidizing cholesterol within 1.5 h using cholesterol oxidase as a catalyst, and then reacted with Fe2+, in a solution containing thiocyanate ion. Absorbencies of solutions of the complex compound, measured at wavelength of 535 nm, were linearly proportional to their cholesterol concentrations, in the range of 50-450 ppm. Keywords: cholesterol, quantification, kinetics, hexathiocyanato ferat(III)
CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES OF LIGNANS FROM <i>Durio oxleyanus</i> Griff. (<i.Bombacaceae</i>)
Authors: Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah , Lambert Lynette K , Garson Mary J 
Published: January 2019

Searching for secondary metabolites from the wood bark of Durio oxleyanus has afforded two new lignans, namely threo-carolignan Y (1) and erythro-carolignan Y (2) together with three other known lignans erythro-carolignan X (3), boehmenan X (4) and boehmenan (5). The relative configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were established by J-based configurational analysis and 2D NOESY studies. Keywords: carolignan, threo, erythro, Durio, Bombacaceae
THE EFFECT OF FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE AND YOGURT SUPPLEMENTATION ON PROFILE AND CHARACTER OF HEPAR TISSUE PROTEIN OF RATS (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>)
Authors: Mahdi Chanif , Aulaniam Aulaniam 
Published: January 2019

Formaldehyde is a simplest organic compound of aldehyde or alkanal group. Formaldehyde is a toxic and carcinogenic substance. Formaldehyde contamination through food or feeding diet continuously is very dangerous for the body, especially for bodies organ for instances likes hepar and kidney. Because formaldehyde is sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals substances for the body. This purpose of the study is to know the effect of formaldehyde exposure and yogurt supplementation on profile and characters of rats (Rattus norvegicus) protein hepar tissues. The research methods is laboratory methods. The protein profiles determined by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) methods. The character of hepar protein tissue determined by ELISA, Dot Blot and Western Blot methods. The result showed that formaldehyde exposure through the feeding diet of rats affect on profile of hepar protein tissue, that characterized by appear of new band of specific protein with molecule weigh is 29.6 kDa (PSForm 29.6). Yogurt supplementation on rat that exposure by formaldehyde through the feeding diet of rat, that characterized by expressing of new band of specific protein with relative molecule weight 24.8 kDa (PSYogh 24.8 kDa), and followed by depressed or dispear of protein specific band of 29.6 kDa(PSForm 29.6 kDa). The result showed that isolated protein PSForm 29.6 kDa have a antigenecity character. Keywords: Formaldehyde exposure, yogurt, ROS, profile and protein character
SEPARATION OF PENICILLIN G FROM FERMENTATION BROTH BY EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Santoso Imam , Amran Bachri , Fitri Apriliana Laily 
Published: January 2019

The separation of penicillin G from fermentation broth can be done by emulsion liquid membrane technique. The aim of this research is to establish the optimal conditions for the extraction and separation of penicillin G using emulsion liquid membrane technique. The optimal conditions were found to be at ratio of internal phase volume to membrane phase volume of 1:1 ; time of making emulsion, 1 min ; emulsion contact rate, 300 rpm; rate of stirring of emulsion, 2000 rpm ; rest time of emulsion, 13 min; concentration of penicillin G as external phase, 375 ppm; and concentration of surfactant, 5% (v/v). pH of internal phase is 8; pH of external phase 5; ratio of emulsion phase volume to external phase volume, 1:2 and concentration of carrier 2 mM. The concentration of penicillin G and phenylacetic acid from fermentation results were 24771 mg/L and 32675 mg/L. Extraction by emulsion liquid membrane technique gave the percentage of penicillin G 53.38% and phenylacetic acid 60.41%. The percentage phenylacetic acid which is still higher (60.41%) indicated that the penicillin G could not completely be separated from phenylacetic acid by emulsion liquid membrane technique. Keywords: penicillin G, fermentation, emulsion liquid membrane technique
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HDPE PLASTIC FILM FOR HERBICIDE CONTAINER USING FLY ASH CLASS F AS FILLER
Authors: Ni’mah Yatim Lailun , Atmaja Lukman , Juwono Hendro 
Published: January 2019

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic plays an important role in various applications, for example, it can be used as a container (bottle). Petrokimia Kayaku Company, a branch of Petrokimia Company of Gresik, produces herbicides using HDPE plastic bottles as their container. Those plastic bottles undergo degradation (kempot) for certain period of time. The aim of this research is to characterize and to synthesize the HDPE plastic film with class F fly ash as filler. The results expected from this research are producing the plastic with a better properties and durability. This research was initiated by taking the sample of HDPE plastic bottle and herbicides (containing Gramakuat, on active material parakuat dichloride) at Petrokimia Kayaku Company. Both the initial HDPE and the degraded bottles was analyzed their tensile strength and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FTIR) spectral. The next step was to synthesize the HDPE plastic film using class F fly ash as filler and a coupling agent. The filler concentrations were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20wt %. The best result was 5% filler concentration with tensile strength of 27.7 lbs. This HDPE film was then subjected to degradation test using pyridine solution with various concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%) for two weeks, thermal degradation at 100 °C for two weeks and chemical resistance by xylene with soak time variation of 24 h, 98 h and 168 h. The result of degradations test show that the value of tensile strength was decreased with the increase of filler consentration. The chemical resistance, however, was increased. Keywords: degradation, filler, fly ash, HDPE, Herbicide
SYNTHESIS OF COPPER OXIDE NANO PARTICLES BY USING Phormidium cyanobacterium
Authors: Rahman Abdul , Ismail Amri , Jumbianti Desi , Magdalena Stella , Sudrajat Hanggara 
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we report a suitable method for extracellular synthesis of copper oxide nano particles by using Phormidium cyanobacterium. We hypothesize that synthesis of copper oxide nano particles is believed to occur by extracellular hydrolysis of the cationic copper by certain metal chelating anionic proteins/reductase secreted by bacteria under simple experimental conditions like aerobic environment, neutral pH and room temperature. Proteins not only reduce Cu (II) into copper oxide nano particles (CONPs) but also plays significant role in stabilization of formed nanoparticles at room temperature. Further TEM, SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis have confirmed the synthesis of nano particles through microbial route. Extracellular induction of metal chelating proteins/reductase was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Keywords: Synthesis, copper oxide nano particles, Phormidium cyanobacterium
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, ACTIVITY, DEACTIVATION, AND REGENERATION TESTS OF CoO-MoO/ZnO AND CoO-MoO/ZnO-ACTIVATED ZEOLITE CATALYSTS FOR THE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM FUSEL OIL
Authors: Trisunaryanti Wega , Emmanuel Ignatius 
Published: January 2019

Preparation, characterization, activation, deactivation, and regeneration tests of CoO-MoO/ZnO and CoO-MoO/ZnO-Activated Zeolite (AZ) catalysts for the hydrogen production using steam reforming of alcohols in fusel oil have been conducted. Both catalysts were prepared by impregnation of Co and Mo onto ZnO or ZnO-AZ powder then followed by calcination at 400 °C for 5 h under N2 stream. The BET method and pyridine adsorption were used for catalysts characterization. The study of activation, deactivation, and regeneration of catalysts were conducted by using steam reforming method in the semi flow reactor. The reaction condition were: weight ratio of catalysts/feed = 0.1, temperature: 450 °C, duration: 45 min. The gas product was trapped in a 250 mL vacuum pyrex bottle filled with 50 mL of 4 M NaOH solution and analyzed by GC with TCD system to determine H2 existance and HCl titration to determine CO2 produced during the process that was dissolved in NaOH solution. The results showed that CoO-MoO/ZnO-AZ catalyst produced higher gas conversion than CoO-MoO/ZnO catalyst. However, it had short catalyst lifetime due to its high amount of coke deposited during the process. The regeneration test could enhance the catalyst activity. The gas product consisted of H2 (14.70%) and CO2 (24.41%). Keywords: fusel oil, steam reforming, deactivation, regeneration, hydrogen production.
SCREENING OF THERMOPHYLIC MICROORGANISM FROM IJEN CRATER BANYUWANGI AS PHYTASE ENZYME PRODUCER
Authors: Kusumadjaja Aline Puspita , Budiati Tutuk , Puspaningsih Ni Nyoman Tri , Sajidan Sajidan 
Published: January 2019

Phytase is enzyme which hydrolysis phytic acid to anorganic phosphate and myo-inositol pentakis-, tetrakis-, tris-, bis-, and monophosphate. The use of phytase in feed industry can overcome environment and nutrition problems which were arisen from unmetabolism phytic acid or its salt by poultry, swine and fish. The feed industry needs a thermostable enzyme due to the need of high temperature in pelleting process, i.e. 81 °C. By using thermostabile phytase, the pelleting process will not affect the enzyme activity. Thermostabile phytase can be isolated from microorganism live in hot spring water or volcano crater. In this study, the screening of thermophylic microorganism having thermostabile phytase activity in Ijen Crater, Banyuwangi, has been done. From this process, it was obtained 33 isolates that produce phytase enzyme. Isolate was code by AP-17 yields highest phytase activity, that is 0.0296 U/mL, so this isolate was choosen for further study. The activity of crude phytase enzyme was measured based on the amount of anorganic phosphate that was produced in enzymatic reaction using UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 392 nm. Based on morphology test to identify the gram type of microorganism, isolate AP-17 has a bacill cell type and identified as positive gram bacteria. This isolate was assumed as Bacillus type. Keywords: Phytase, thermophilic microorganism, phytase activity
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE PETROLEUM ETHER EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF Lagerstroemia speciosa Linn
Authors: Rahman S.M. Mizanur , Pervin Shayla , Quader Md. Abdul , Hossain M. Amzad 
Published: January 2019

Two new compounds, normal alcohol containing of higher carbons and isomer of β-sitosterol were isolated for the first time from the petroleum extract of the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa. The structure of the compound has been established on the basis of UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectra and identified as nonanol and isomer of β-sitosterol. Keywords: Lagerstroemia speciosa, petroleum ether extracts, isolation, 1-nonanol, 2 β-sitostero, spectral analyses.
ANTI DIABETIC FLAVANONE COMPOUND FROM THE LEAVES OF Artocarpus communis
Authors: Lotulung Puspa D.N. , Fajriah Sofa , Sundowo Andini , Filaila Euis 
Published: January 2019

The Flavanone compound with anti diabetic activity was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Artocarpus communis leaves using column chromatography techniques. The structure of the flavanone compound was elucidated on the basic of spectroscopic evidence and comparison to published values. This compound, 8-geranyl-4,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, showed strong anti diabetic activity on α-glucosidase inhibition assay with IC50 18.120 µg mL-1. Keywords: Artocarpus communis, 8-geranyl-4,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, anti diabetic activity
PREPARATION AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY FOR ISOPROPYL BENZENE CRACKING OF Co, Mo AND Co/Mo-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PILLARED MONTMORILLONITE CATALYSTS
Authors: Hasanudin Hasanudin , Wijaya Karna , Santoso Budi 
Published: January 2019

It has been prepared Co, Mo and Co/Mo-Al2O3-pillared montmorillonite catalysts using montmorillonite clay as raw material. The structure and porosity of the catalysts were determined using N2 adsorption-desorption and FT-IR spectroscopy analysis methods. Isopropyl benzene cracking using these catalysts were used to test the catalytic activity and performance of Co, Mo and Co/Mo-Al2O3-pillared montmorillonites. Characterization results showed that pillarization resulted in the increase of the total pore volume and specific surface area of the clay. Meanwhile, transition metals (Co, Mo and Co/Mo) loaded on Al2O3-pillared monmorillonites could increase the catalytic activity of the catalysts for isopropyl benzene cracking significantly. Keywords: pillared monmorillonite, isopropyl benzene and cracking catalyst
APPLICATION OF NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS IN CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SRM SAMPLES
Authors: Lestiani Diah Dwiana , Muhayatun Muhayatun , Adventini Natalia 
Published: January 2019

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a nuclear technique that is excellent, multi-elemental, sensitive and has limit detection up to nanogram level. The application of NAA in analysis of Standard Reference Material (SRM) National Institute of Standard Technology (NIST) 1633b Coal Fly Ash and SRM NIST 1646a Estuarine Sediment was carried out for NAA laboratory inter-comparison program. The samples were distributed by Technology Centre for Nuclear Industry Material, National Nuclear Energy Agency as a coordinator of the inter-comparison program. The samples were irradiated in rabbit facility of G.A. Siwabessy reactor with neutron flux ~ 1013 n.cm-2.s-1, and counted with HPGe spectrometry gamma detector. Several trace elements in these samples were detected. The concentration of Al, Mg, K, Na and Ti in SRM NIST 1633b were 15.11, 7.35, 2.09, 0.192 and 0.756% respectively and the concentration of As, Cr, Mn, Se, V, Sb, Co, Cs, La, Sc and Sm were 137.0, 195.6, 129.4, 9.61, 305.8, 5.45, 56.2, 11.18, 83.73, 41.1 and 19.13 mg/kg respectively. The analysis result in SRM NIST 1646a of the concentration of Al and Na were 2.15 and 0.70% and the concentration of As, Cr, Co, La and Sc were 5.75, 36.3, 4.58, 15.67 and 4.00 mg/kg respectively. These results analysis had relative bias and u-test ranged from 0.4-11.3% and 0.15-2.25. The accuracy and precision evaluation based on International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) criteria was also applied. The result showed that NAA technique is applicable for the environmental samples analysis, and it also showed that the NAA laboratory in BATAN Bandung has a good performance. Keywords: NAA, inter-comparison, estuarine sediment, coal fly ash, environmental samples
ESTIMATION OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY IN THE DETERMINATION OF Fe CONTENT IN POWDERED TONIC FOOD DRINK USING GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Budiman Harry , Sri H Fransiska , Krismastuti Krismastuti , Nuryatini Nuryatini 
Published: January 2019

The evaluation of uncertainty measurement in the determination of Fe content in powdered tonic food drink using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was carried out. The specification of measurand, source of uncertainty, standard uncertainty, combined uncertainty and expanded uncertainty from this measurement were evaluated and accounted. The measurement result showed that the Fe content in powdered tonic food drink sample was 569.32 µg/5g, with the expanded uncertainty measurement ± 178.20 µg/5g (coverage factor, k = 2, at confidende level 95%). The calibration curve gave the major contribution to the uncertainty of the final results. Keywords: uncertainty, powdered tonic food drink, iron (Fe), graphite furnace AAS
DETERMINATION OF TRACE NITRITE AS 4-(4-NITROBENZENAZO)- 1-AMINONAPHTHALENE COMPLEX BY EXTRACTION-SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: Amri Choirul , Siswanta Dwi , Mudasir Mudasir 
Published: January 2019

A study of extraction-spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace nitrite as 4-(4-nitrobenzenazo)-1-aminonaphthalene complex using n-amylalcohol and chloroform as organic solvents has been done. Results of the study showed that extraction-spectrophotometric determination of nitrite using n-amylalcohol or chloroform was very sensitive and had low limit of detection. Extraction-spectrophotometric method of nitrite using n-amylalcohol gave range of linear concentration 0.000-0.054 mg/L NO2--N, detection limit of 2.09x10-4 mg/L NO2--N, and sensitivity of 34.514 ± 0.398 absorbance unit per mg/L of NO2--N. Meanwhile, extraction-spectrophotometric of nitrite using chloroform had range of linear concentration of 0.000-0.100 mg/L NO2--N, detection limit of 8.99x10-4 mg/L NO2--N, and sensitivity of 18.353 ± 0.456 absorbance unit per mg/L NO2--N. Keywords: Nitrite Trace, 4-(4-Nitrobenzenazo)-1-Aminonaphthalene, Extraction-Spectrophotometry
TRANSFORMATION OF RICINOLEIC OF CASTOR OIL INTO LINOLEIC (OMEGA-6) AND CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID BY DEHYDRATION
Authors: Sitorus Marham , Ibrahim S. , Nurdin H. , Darwis D. 
Published: January 2019

The ricinoleic of Castor Oil was dehydrated by various dehydrator agent (P2O5, K2CO3, H3PO4, NaHSO4, Al2O3, molecular sieve and activated bentonite at 450 °C - HCl) on the same condition (150 °C, mol ratio 1:1 and 2 hours ). The compositions of Refined Ricinus Castor Oil as starting material were : 0.92% palmitic , 5.56% linoleic , 4.07% octadecanoic , 1.22% stearic and 85.06% ricinoleic. The spesific wave number of IR was bandwith 3411 cm-1 caused of hydroxyl (-OH) group of ricinoleic at C-12 as main component. The product was Dehydrated Castor Oil (DCO) mixed of linoleic (omega 6) [C18 : 2 (9,12)] and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) [C18: 2 (9,11)]. The best dehydrator was P2O5 based on three parameters were : Free Fatty Acid (FFA) nearly the same (1.855% of Castor oil and 2.139% of DCO), the most increased of Iodium value (49.860 mg/g of Castor oil in to 63.090 mg/g of DCO), and the most decresed of hydroxyl number (28.27 mg of Castor oil in to 17.75 mg/g of DCO). To optimized the dehydration was done by various number of P2O5 (3g, 5g and 7g), tempereture (room, 100 °C and 150 °C) and time (2h, 2.5h, 3h, and 3.5h). The optimal conditon of dehydration was not found yet. Some of sugestted or idea for dehydration were: dehydration must be done by base or netral, non oxydator dehydrator, mol ratio 1:1, temperature (100-150 °C) and 2-3.5 h. Based on GC-MS the best DCO (7g P2O5, 150 °C and 3.5 h) were showed that the decrease of ricinoleic 14.13% (85.08% of Castor Oil in to 70.93% of DCO), increased linoleic 2.09% (5.56 of Castor oil in to 7.65% of DCO) and conducted of 9.09% CLA. Some new peaks between linoleic and ricinoleic are maybe isomer's of linoleic and CLA. The wave number of cunjugated alkene (C=C) (1666.3 cm-1) of IR spectra of DCO together with GC-MS chromatogram's to indicated that linoleic and CLA were conducted. Keywords: castor oil, risinoleic, dehydration, omega 6 dan CLA
MOLECULAR INTERACTION BETWEEN BENZONITRILE AND HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE BY <sup>13</sup>C NMR T<sub>1</sub> RELAXATION TIME STUDIES AND AB INITIO QM CALCULATIONS: EXTENDED INVESTIGATION
Authors: Siahaan Parsaoran , Radiman Cynthia L. , Rahayu Susanto Imam , Martoprawiro Muhamad A. , Ziessow Dieter 
Published: January 2019

It has been obtained the anisotropy ratio a = T1(ortho-,meta-13C)/T1(para-13C) of dilute solutions of bn change from 1.7 in fa solution and 1.5 in neat bn to 1.0 in HMPT. Thus the anisotropy ratio comes out to be a = 1. In HMPT, obviously, solvent molecules cluster around Ph-CºN in such a way, that non-covalent interactions lead to isotropic reorientational motion like a spherical molecule. To conform with the T1 times, a layer arrangement with at least two HMPT molecules per Ph-CºN seems to be likely. From computational quantum calculations of non-covalent intermolecular interactions and Mie potential analysis, the solute-solvent molecular pairs in bnּּּHMPT have almost equal interaction energies for the ortho, meta, and para configuration and the layered configurations are energetically permitted Keywords: 13C T1 spin-lattice relaxation times, ab initio quantum chemistry calculations, intermolecular interactions, isotropic and anisotropic rotational motion
QUERCETIN DERIVATIVES DOCKING BASED ON STUDY OF FLAVONOIDS INTERACTION TO CYCLOOXYGENASE-2
Authors: Kartasasmita Rahmana Emran , Herowati Rina , Harmastuti Nuraini , Gusdinar Tutus 
Published: January 2019

Due to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), certain flavonoids show anti-inflammatory effects. Quercetin is a flavonoid suitable to be chosen as the lead compound for development of safe anti-inflammatory agent, because in addition to its anti-inflammatory effect, quercetin shows also protective effect in gastrointestinal track. The objective of this research is to study the binding modes of certain flavonoids and predict the quercetin derivatives inhibiton activity on COX-2 by means of docking method using ArgusLab 4.0.1 software. Some flavonoids (7-hydroxyflavone, apigenin, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, naringenin and daidzein) and quercetin derivatives were used as ligands for docking study. The COX-2 structure was obtained from Brookhaven protein databank. After assigning hydrogen atoms and charges, computational docking was performed. The docking results were evaluated based on the binding energy and hydrogen bonding of the ligands on binding site of COX-2. A curve constructed by plotting binding energy versus logarithm of IC50 of flavonoids shows a good correlation with a regression equation of log IC50 = 0.8069 ΔGbind + 9.4456 (r = 0.9226; P
COMPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STRUCTURE AND NMR CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF ENDO-CONE [CS<sub>2</sub>(p-METHYLCALIX[4]ARENE)] COMPLEX
Authors: Sudrajat Hanggara , Saefullah Muhammad S. , Sriwijaya Danis , Putri Mirta A. , Armunanto Ria 
Published: January 2019

The structure and NMR chemical shifts of endo-cone [CS2(p-methylcalix[4]arene)] complex have been computationally investigated using BIO+ force fields, semi-empirical (PM3) and ab initio (RHF/6-311G++(d,p)) calculations. The first comparison of ab initio NMR chemical shift calculations for a calix[4]arene inclusion complex with solid-state 13C NMR chemical shifts based on the 1:1 complex of p-methylcalix[4]arenes with carbon disulfide in endo-cone complexation mode has been reported. The results showed that ab initio (RHF/6-311G++(d,p)) NMR calculations of the host-guest [CS2(p-methylcalix[4]arene)] complex are in good agreement with experimental solid-state NMR data. Keywords: computational investigation, structure, NMR chemical shifts, [CS2(p-methylcalix[4]arene)].