bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are trajectories of neck–shoulder pain associated with sick leave and work ability in workers? A 1-year prospective study
Authors: Hallman David Michael , Holtermann Andreas , Dencker-Larsen Sofie , Birk Jørgensen Marie , Nørregaard Rasmussen Charlotte Diana 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThe study aimed to determine the extent to which latent trajectories of neck–shoulder pain (NSP) are associated with self-reported sick leave and work ability based on frequent repeated measures over 1 year in an occupational population.MethodsThis longitudinal study included 748 Danish workers (blue-collar, n=620; white collar, n=128). A questionnaire was administered to collect data on personal and occupational factors at baseline. Text messages were used for repeated measurements of NSP intensity (scale 0–10) over 1 year (14 waves in total). Simultaneously, self-reported sick leave (days/month) due to pain was assessed at 4-week intervals, while work ability (scale 0–10) was assessed using a single item (work ability index) at 12-week intervals over the year. Trajectories of NSP, distinguished by latent class growth analysis, were used as predictors of sick leave and work ability in generalised estimation equations with multiple adjustments.ResultsSick leave increased and work ability decreased across all NSP trajectory classes (low, moderate, strong fluctuating and severe persistent pain intensity). In the adjusted model, the estimated number of days on sick leave was 1.5 days/month for severe persistent NSP compared with 0.1 days/month for low NSP (relative risk=13.8, 95% CI 6.7 to 28.5). Similarly, work ability decreased markedly for severe persistent NSP (OR=12.9, 95% CI 8.5 to 19.7; median 7.1) compared with low NSP (median 9.5).ConclusionSevere persistent NSP was associated with sick leave and poor work ability over 1 year among workers. Preventive strategies aiming at reducing severe persistent NSP among working populations are needed.
Association between periductal fibrosis and bile duct dilatation among a population at high risk of cholangiocarcinoma: a cross-sectional study of cholangiocarcinoma screening in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Chamadol Nittaya , Khuntikeo Narong , Thinkhamrop Bandit , Thinkhamrop Kavin , Suwannatrai Apiporn T , Kelly Matthew , Promthet Supannee 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo assess associations between periductal fibrosis (PDF) and bile duct dilatation (BDD) in ultrasonography (US) screening of population at risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) due to residence in an endemic area forOpisthorchis viverrini.CCA survival rates are low, and early identification of risk factors is essential. BDD is one symptom that can identify patients at risk of CCA. Detection of PDF by US can also identify at-risk patients, at an earlier stage of CCA development. Identification of association between PDF and BDD will inform screening practices for CCA risk, by increasing the viability of PDF screening for CCA risk.SettingNine tertiary care hospitals in Northeast Thailand.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsStudy subjects in the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP) in Northeast Thailand. CASCAP inclusion criteria are all residents of Northeast Thailand aged ≥40 years. Participants are recruited through CCA screening centres and through primary healthcare units. So far, 394 026 have been enrolled.MethodsPDF and BDD were identified through US. PDF was categorised into three groups, PDF1, 2 and 3, depending on their high echo locality in the peripheral, segmental and main bile duct, respectively. Associations between PDF and BDD were determined by adjusted OR and 95% CI using multiple logistic regression.ResultsBDD was found in 6.6% of PDF3, 1.7% of PDF2 and 1.4% of PDF1 cases. Among PDF cases, especially in PDF3, BDD was found in men more than in women (8.9% and 4.6%, respectively). Compared with non-PDF, the association between PDF3 and BDD was highly significant (adjusted OR=5.74, 95% CI 4.57 to 7.21, p<0.001).ConclusionsOur findings reveal that there is a relationship between PDF and BDD, which is associated with CCA. Therefore, PDF can also be an indicator for suspected CCA diagnosis through US.
Experiences of community-dwelling older adults living with multiple chronic conditions: a qualitative study
Authors: Ploeg Jenny , Canesi Marta , D Fraser Kimberly , McAiney Carrie , Kaasalainen Sharon , Markle-Reid Maureen , Dufour Sinead , Garland Baird Lisa , Chambers Tracey 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to understand the experiences of living with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) from the perspective of community-living older adults with MCC.DesignA qualitative study using an interpretive description approach.SettingParticipants were recruited from southern Ontario, Canada.Participants21 community-living, older adults (≥65 years) with an average of 7.4 chronic conditions including one of diabetes, dementia or stroke.MethodsData were collected through digitally-recorded, in-depth, semi-structured in-person interviews. Interview transcripts were analysed and coded using Thorne’s interpretive description approach.ResultsFive themes were identified representing older adults' experiences of living with MCC: (a) trying to stay healthy while living with MCC, (b) depending on family caregivers for support with just about everything, (c) paying the high costs of living with MCC, (d) making healthcare decisions by proxy and (e) receiving healthcare services that do not address the complex needs of persons living with MCC.ConclusionsThe experience of living with MCC in the community was complex and multi-faceted. The need for a person-centred and family-centred approach to care in the community, which includes the coordination of health and social services that are tailored to the needs of older adults and their informal caregivers, was underscored. Such an approach would facilitate improved information-sharing and discussion of care management options between health professionals and their patients, enable older adults with MCC to actively engage in priority-setting and decision-making and may result in improved health and quality of life for older adults with MCC.
Familial aggregation of myocardial infarction and coaggregation of myocardial infarction and autoimmune disease: a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Chun-Li , Kuo Chang-Fu , Yeh Yung-Hsin , Hsieh Mei-Yun , Kuo Chi-Tai , Chang Shang-Hung 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis study examined how a history of myocardial infarction (MI) in a person’s first-degree relatives affects that person’s risk of developing MI and autoimmune diseases.DesignNationwide population-based cross-sectional studySettingAll healthcare facilities in Taiwan.ParticipantsA total of 24 361 345 individuals were enrolled.MethodsUsing data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, we conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of data collected from all beneficiaries in the Taiwan National Health Insurance system in 2015, of whom 259 360 subjects had at least one first-degree relative affected by MI in 2015. We estimated the absolute risks and relative risks (RRs) of MI and autoimmune disease in those subjects, and the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to their MI susceptibility.ResultsThe absolute risks of MI for subjects with at least one affected first-degree relative and the general population were 0.87% and 0.56%, respectively, in 2015. Patients with affected first-degree relatives were significantly associated with a higher RR of MI (1.76, 95% CI: 1.68 to 1.85) compared with the general population. There was no association with a higher RR of autoimmune disease. The sibling, offspring and parental MI history conferred RRs (95% CI) for MI of 2.35 (1.96 to 2.83), 2.21 (2.05 to 2.39) and 1.60 (1.52 to 1.68), respectively. The contributions of heritability, shared environmental factors and non-shared environmental factors to MI susceptibility were 19.6%, 3.4% and 77.0%, respectively.ConclusionsIndividuals who have first-degree relatives with a history of MI have a higher risk of developing MI than the general population. Non-shared environmental factors contributed more significantly to MI susceptibility than did heritability and shared environmental factors. A family history of MI was not associated with an increased risk of autoimmune disease.
Trends, patterns and predictive factors of infant and child mortality in well-performing and underperforming states of India: a secondary analysis using National Family Health Surveys
Authors: Bhatia Mrigesh , Dwivedi Laxmi Kant , Ranjan Mukesh , Dixit Priyanka , Putcha Venkata 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThis paper analyses the patterns and trends in the mortality rates of infants and children under the age of 5 in India (1992–2016) and quantifies the variation in performance between different geographical states through three rounds of nationally representative household surveys.DesignThree rounds of cross-sectional survey data.SettingThe study is conducted at the national level: India and its selected good-performing states, namely Haryana, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab and Tamil Nadu, and selected poor-performing states, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.ParticipantsAdopting a multistage, stratified random sampling, 601 509 households with 699 686 women aged 15–49 years in 2015–2016, 109 041 households with 124 385 women aged 15–49 years in 2005–2006, and 88 562 households with 89 777 ever married women in the age group 13–49 years in 1992–1993 were selected.ResultsThrough the use of maps, this paper clearly shows that the overall trend in infant and child mortality is on a decline in India. Computation of relative change shows that majority of the states have witnessed over 50% reduction in both infant and under-5 mortality rates from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-I to NFHS-4. However, the improvements are not evenly distributed, and there is huge variation in performance between states over time. Funnel plots show that the most populous states like Uttar Pradesh Bihar and Madhya Pradesh have underperformed consistently across the survey period from 1992 to 2016. Regression analysis comparing high-performing and low-performing states revealed that female infants and women with shorter birth intervals had greater risk of infant deaths in poor-performing states.ConclusionAttempts to reduce infant and child mortality rates in India are heading in the right direction. Even so, there is huge variation in performance between states. This paper recommends a mix of strategies that reduce child and infant mortality among the high-impact states where the biggest improvements can be expected, including the need to address neonatal mortality.
Physicians’ patient base composition and mortality among people living with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy in a universal care setting
Authors: Allan Beverly , Closson Kalysha , Collins Alexandra B , Kibel Mia , Pan Shenyi , Cui Zishan , McLinden Taylor , Parashar Surita , Lima Viviane Dias , Chia Jason , Yip Benita , Barrios Rolando , Montaner Julio S G , Hogg Robert S 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of physicians’ patient base composition on all-cause mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV) who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in British Columbia (BC), Canada.DesignObservational cohort study from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2013.SettingBC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS’ (BC-CfE) Drug Treatment Program, where HAART is available at no cost.ParticipantsPLHIV aged ≥ 19 who initiated HAART in BC in the HAART Observational Medical Evaluation and Research (HOMER) Study.Outcome measuresAll-cause mortality as determined through monthly linkages to the BC Vital Statistics Agency.Statistical analysisWe examined the relationships between patient characteristics, physicians’ patient base composition, the location of the practice, and physicians’ experience with PLHIV and all-cause mortality using unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsA total of 4 445 PLHIV (median age = 42, Q1, Q3 = 34–49; 80% male) were eligible for our study. Patients were seen by 683 prescribing physicians with a median experience of 77 previously treated PLHIV in the past 2 years (Q1, Q3 = 23–170). A multivariable Cox model indicated that the following factors were associated with all-cause mortality: age (aHR = 1.05 per 1-year increase, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.06), year of HAART initiation (2004–2007: aHR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.81, 2008-2011: aHR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.61, Ref: 2000–2003), CD4 cell count at baseline (aHR = 0.88 per 100-unit increase in cells/mm3, 95% CI = 0.82 to 0.94), and < 95% adherence in first year on HAART (aHR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.88 to 2.76). In addition, physicians’ patient base composition, specifically, the proportion of patients who have a history of injection drug use (aHR = 1.11 per 10% increase in the proportion of patients, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.15) or Indigenous ancestry (aHR = 1.07 per 10% increase , 95% CI = 1.03–1.11) and being a patient of a physician who primarily serves individuals outside of the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority region (aHR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.47) were associated with mortality.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that physicians with a higher proportion of individuals who face potential barriers to care may need additional supports to decrease mortality among their patients. Future research is required to examine these relationships in other settings and to determine strategies that may mitigate the associations between the composition of physicians’ patient bases and survival.
Obesity and recovery from acute kidney injury (Ob AKI): a prospective cohort feasibility study
Authors: MacLaughlin Helen L , Blacklock Rochelle M , Wright Kelly , Pot Gerda , Jayawardene Satish , McIntyre Christopher W , Macdougall Iain C , Selby Nicholas M 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo test the methodology of recruitment, retention and data completeness in a prospective cohort recruited after a hospitalised episode of acute kidney injury (AKI), to inform a future prospective cohort study examining the effect of obesity on AKI outcomes.DesignFeasibility study.SettingSingle centre, multi-site UK tertiary hospital.Participants101 participants (67M; 34F) with a median age of 64 (IQR 53–73) years, with and without obesity, recruited within 3 months of a hospitalised episode of AKI.Outcome measuresFeasibility outcomes were recruitment (>15% meeting inclusion criteria recruited), participant retention at 6 and 12 months (≥80%) and completeness of data collection. Exploratory measures included recovery from AKI (regaining >75% of pre-AKI estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) at 6 months, development or progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (kidney function decrease of ≥25% +  rise in CKD category) at 12 months, and associations with poorer kidney outcomes.Results41% of eligible patients consented to take part, exceeding the target recruitment uptake rate of 15%. Retention was 86% at 6 months and 78% at 12 months; 10 patients died and three commenced dialysis during the study. Data were 90%–100% complete. Median BMI was 27.9 kg/m2(range 18.1 kg/m2–54.3 kg/m2). 50% of the cohort had stage 3 AKI and 49% had pre-existing CKD. 46% of the cohort met the AKI recovery definition at 6 months. At 12 months, 20/51 patients developed CKD (39%) and CKD progression occurred in 11/49 patients (22%). Post-AKI interleukin-6 and cystatin-C were associated with 12 months decline in eGFR.ConclusionsFeasibility to conduct a long-term observational study addressing AKI outcomes associated with obesity was demonstrated. A fully powered prospective cohort study to examine the relationships between obesity and outcomes of AKI is warranted.
Impact of first and second eye cataract surgery on physical activity: a prospective study
Authors: Meuleners Lynn B , Feng Ying Ru , Fraser Michelle , Brameld Kate , Chow Kyle 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of first eye and second eye cataract surgery on the level of physical activity undertaken by older adults with bilateral cataract.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThree public ophthalmology clinics in Western Australia.ParticipantsFifty-five older adults with bilateral cataract aged 55+ years, awaiting first eye cataract surgery.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was participation in moderate leisure-time physical activity. The secondary outcomes were participation in walking, gardening and vigorous leisure-time physical activity. Participants completed a researcher-administered questionnaire, containing the Active Australia Survey and visual tests before first eye cataract surgery, after first eye surgery and after second eye surgery. A Generalised Estimating Equation linear regression model was undertaken to analyse the change in moderate leisure-time physical activity participation before first eye surgery, after first eye surgery and after second eye surgery, after accounting for relevant confounders.ResultsParticipants spent significantly less time per week (20 min) on moderate leisure-time physical activity before first eye cataract surgery compared with after first eye surgery (p=0.04) after accounting for confounders. After second eye cataract surgery, participants spent significantly more time per week (32 min) on moderate physical activity compared with after first eye surgery (p=0.02). There were no significant changes in walking, gardening and vigorous physical activity throughout the cataract surgery process.ConclusionFirst and second eye cataract surgery each independently increased participation in moderate leisure-time physical activity. This provides a rationale for timely first and second eye cataract surgery for bilateral cataract patients, even when they have relatively good vision.
Frequency of television viewing and association with overweight and obesity among women of the reproductive age group in Myanmar: results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Das Gupta Rajat , Sajal Ibrahim Hossain , Hasan Mehedi , Sutradhar Ipsita , Haider Mohammad Rifat , Sarker Malabika 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to discern the association between the frequency of television viewing and overweight and obesity among reproductive age women of Myanmar.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015–2016) data.ParticipantsTotal of 12 021 women both aged 15–49 years and also not pregnant or did not deliver a child within the 2 months prior to the survey were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was overweight (23.0 kg/m2to <27.5 kg/m2) and obesity (≥27.5 kg/m2), which was measured using the Asian body mass index cut-off. Ordered logistic regression analysis was conducted to find the association between the explanatory and outcome variables. The potential confounders controlled in the multivariable analyses were age, place of residence, region of residence, highest educational status, current employment status, wealth index, parity and number of household members.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight was 26.5% and obesity was 12.2% among the study participants. The odds of being overweight and obese were 20% higher (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32; p=0.023) among those who watched television at least once a week compared with those who did not watch television at all. Rural women who watched television at least once a week were 1.2 times more likely to be obese (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.34; p=0.040) compared with those who did not watch television at all.ConclusionsFrequent television watching was associated with obesity among rural women of reproductive age in Myanmar.
App to support Recovery in Early Intervention Services (ARIES) study: protocol of a feasibility randomised controlled trial of a self-management Smartphone application for psychosis
Authors: Steare Thomas , O’Hanlon Puffin , Eskinazi Michelle , Osborn David , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Jones Rebecca , Rostill Helen , Amani Sarah , Johnson Sonia 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionMental health interventions delivered through digital technology have potential applications in promoting recovery and improving outcomes among people in the early stages of psychosis. Self-management approaches are recommended for the treatment of psychosis and could be delivered via applications (apps) installed on Smartphones to provide low-cost accessible support. We describe the protocol for a feasibility trial investigating a self-management Smartphone app intervention for adults using Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services.Methods and analysisIn this feasibility randomised controlled trial, 40 participants will be recruited from EIP services in London and Surrey. Twenty participants will be randomised to receive a supported self-management Smartphone app (My Journey 3) plus Treatment As Usual (TAU), while the other 20 participants will receive TAU only. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a full-scale trial of this intervention in EIP services. Participant data will be collected at baseline and at two follow-up assessments conducted 4 months and 12 months post-baseline. Analysed outcome measures will include relapse of psychosis (operationalised as admission to a hospital or community acute alternative), mental health and well-being, recovery, quality of life and psychopathology. Semi-structured interviews with participants and EIP service clinicians will additionally explore experiences of using My Journey 3 and participating in the trial and suggestions for improving the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThe App to support Recovery in Early Intervention Services study has been reviewed and approved by the National Research Ethics Service Committee London—Brent (Research Ethics Committee reference: 15/LO/1453). The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals and conferences, magazines and web publications.Trial registration numberISRCTN10004994.