bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic determinants and an epistasis ofLILRA3and HLA-B*52 in Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Terao Chikashi , Yoshifuji Hajime , Matsumura Takayoshi , Naruse Taeko K. , Ishii Tomonori , Nakaoka Yoshikazu , Kirino Yohei , Matsuo Keitaro , Origuchi Tomoki , Shimizu Masakazu , Maejima Yasuhiro , Amiya Eisuke , Tamura Natsuko , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Takahashi Meiko , Setoh Kazuya , Ohmura Koichiro , Watanabe Ryu , Horita Tetsuya , Atsumi Tatsuya , Matsukura Mitsuru , Miyata Tetsuro , Kochi Yuta , Suda Toshio , Tanemoto Kazuo , Meguro Akira , Okada Yukinori , Ogimoto Akiyoshi , Yamamoto Motohisa , Takahashi Hiroki , Nakayamada Shingo , Saito Kazuyoshi , Kuwana Masataka , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Tabara Yasuharu , Ueda Atsuhisa , Komuro Issei , Kimura Akinori , Isobe Mitsuaki , Mimori Tsuneyo , Matsuda Fumihiko 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceTakayasu arteritis (TAK) is a systemic vasculitis with unknown etiology. We identified four unreported susceptibility genes to TAK through genome-wide association studies. We successfully fine-mapped HLA associations and showed that HLA-G is associated with TAK in addition to HLA-B*52. The association between PTK2B and TAK could be explained by expression regulation of PTK2B. We showed an epistasis effect of LILR3A, one of the four genes, with HLA-B52 on TAK susceptibility. Enhancer enrichment analysis of significant non-HLA markers showed natural killer cells as important cells in TAK. Not only the associations in the HLA region but also nonsignificant associations from GWAS suggest the involvement of NK cells. These findings would lead to a better understanding of TAK.
Impact of parthenium weed on human and animal health.
Authors: Allan S. , Shi BoYang Shi BoYang , Adkins S. W. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter deals with various human and animal health impacts of pathenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). Diseases caused by the weed include dermatitis, rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. The detrimental health effects of parthenium weed are attributed to the sesquiterpene lactones and in particular parthenin in the plant which are toxic to farm animals and responsible for allergic diseases in humans. As parthenium weed continues to spread through Africa and Asia, information needs to be collected from those countries which have recently been invaded and those that are proximal to infestations. The collection of data and the monitoring of parthenium invasion may ultimately be used to manage both the spread and impact of the weed.
Probing Nonclassicality of Two-Mode SU(2) Generator Based on Quantum Fisher Information*
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zheng Qiang , Wang Xiao-Guang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Nonclassicality is an essential but still open question in quantum mechanics. Here, utilizing the maximum value of quantum Fisher information, we suggest a new version of the nonclassical criterion for SU(2) generator realized by two bosonic modes. As an application of the criterion, the system of two coupled nonlinear nanomechanical resonators is considered. And the nonclassicality of the phonon state in the dynamical evolution is explored. The system has a dynamical phase transition from the tunnelling phase to the self-trapping phase by tuning the coupling strength. It is found that for the tunnelling phase, the phonon state is nonclassical in the full time evolution. And for the self-trapping phase, the evolved phonon state is still nonclassical in the full time with a relatively large coupling strength, while it is nonclassical i n the most of time (but not all) with a small coupling strength. Quantum coherence has distinct different behaviors in the two phases.
The Impact of Prior Season Vaccination on Subsequent Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness to Prevent Influenza-related Hospitalizations Over 4 Influenza Seasons in Canada
Authors: Nichols M K , Andrew M K , Ye L , Hatchette T F , Ambrose A , Boivin G , Bowie W , Dos Santos G , Elsherif M , Green K , Haguinet F , Katz K , Leblanc J , Loeb M , MacKinnon-Cameron D , McCarthy A , McElhaney J E , McGeer A , Powis J , Richardson D , Semret M , Sharma R , Shinde V , Smyth D , Trottier S , Valiquette L , Webster D , McNeil S A ,   Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS) Network of the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN)
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of negative associations between prior influenza vaccines and subsequent influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE), depending on season and strain. We investigated this association over 4 consecutive influenza seasons (2011–2012 through 2014–2015) in Canada.

Methods
Using a matched test-negative design, laboratory-confirmed influenza cases and matched test-negative controls admitted to hospitals were enrolled. Patients were stratified into 4 groups according to influenza vaccine history (not vaccinated current and prior season [referent], vaccinated prior season only, vaccinated current season only, and vaccinated both current and prior season). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate VE; prior vaccine impact was assessed each season for overall effect and effect stratified by age (<65 years, ≥65 years) and type/subtype (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, influenza B).

Results
Overall, mainly nonsignificant associations were observed. Trends of nonsignificant decreased VE among patients repeatedly vaccinated in both prior and current season relative to the current season only were observed in the A/H3N2-dominant seasons of 2012–2013 and 2014–2015. Conversely, in 2011–2012, during which B viruses circulated, and in 2013–2014, when A/H1N1 circulated, being vaccinated in both seasons tended to result in a high VE in the current season against the dominant circulating subtype.

Conclusions
Prior vaccine impact on subsequent VE among Canadian inpatients was mainly nonsignificant. Even in circumstances where we observed a trend of negative impact, being repeatedly vaccinated was still more effective than not receiving the current season’s vaccine. These findings favor continuation of annual influenza vaccination recommendations, particularly in older adults.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01517191.
Anuran forelimb muscle tendinous structures and their relationship with locomotor modes and habitat use
Authors: De Oliveira-Lagôa Silvia , Cruz Félix B , Azócar Débora L Moreno , Lavilla Esteban O , Abdala Virginia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe interaction between organisms and their environment is central in functional morphology. Differences in habitat usage may imply divergent morphology of locomotor systems; thus, detecting which morphological traits are conservative across lineages and which ones vary under environmental pressure is important in evolutionary studies. We studied internal and external morphology in 28 species of Neotropical anurans. Our aim was to determine if internal morphology (muscle and tendons) shows lower phylogenetic signal than external morphology. In addition, we wanted to know if morphology varies in relation to the habitat use and if there are different functional groups. We found differences in the degree of phylogenetic signal on the groups of traits. Interestingly, postaxial regions of the forelimb are evolutionarily more labile than the preaxial regions. Phylomorphospace plots show that arboreal (jumpers and graspers) and swimmer frogs cluster based on length of fingers and the lack of sesamoid, also reflected by the use of habitat. These functional clusters are also related to phylogeny. Sesamoid and flexor plate dimensions together with digit tendons showed to be important to discriminate functional groups as well as use of habitat classification. Our results allow us to identify a “grasping syndrome” in the hand of these frogs, where palmar sesamoid and flexor plate are absent and a third metacarpal with a bony knob are typical. Thus, a lighter skeleton, long fingers and a prensile hand may be key for arboreality.
How we can all stop killing whales: a proposal to avoid whale entanglement in fishing gear
Authors: Moore Michael J 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Whales are federally protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act; endangered species, such as the North Atlantic right whale, receive additional protection under the Endangered Species Act. However, their regulations have failed to satisfy conservation and animal welfare concerns. From 1990 to 2011 the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis, NARW) population grew at a mean of 2.8% annually. However, population trends reversed since 2011; the species is in decline, with only ∼100 reproductively active females remaining. This failure is driven by vessel collisions and increasingly fatal and serious entanglement in fixed fishing gear, whose rope strength has increased substantially. Chronic entanglement, drag, and associated morbidity have been linked to poor fecundity. Genuine solutions involve designating areas to be avoided and speed restrictions for ships and removing fishing trap ropes from the water column. A trap fishing closure for NARW habitat in the Cape Cod Bay (U.S.) area has been in place seasonally since 2015. 2017 mortalities in Eastern Canada elicited substantive management changes whereby the 2018 presence of NARW in active trap fishing areas resulted in an effective closure. To avoid these costly closures, the traditional trap fishery model of rope end lines attached to surface marker buoys has to be modified so that traps are marked virtually, and retrieved with gear that does not remain in the water column except during trap retrieval. Consumer demand for genuinely whale-safe products will augment and encourage the necessary regulatory changes so that trap fisheries conserve target and nontarget species.
Cancer Outcomes in DCIS Patients Without Locoregional Treatment
Authors: Ryser Marc D , Weaver Donald L , Zhao Fengmin , Worni Mathias , Grimm Lars J , Gulati Roman , Etzioni Ruth , Hyslop Terry , Lee Sandra J , Hwang E Shelley 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
The vast majority of women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergo treatment. Therefore, the risks of invasive progression and competing death in the absence of locoregional therapy are uncertain.

Methods
We performed survival analyses of patient-level data from DCIS patients who did not receive definitive surgery or radiation therapy as recorded in the US National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1992–2014). Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate the net risk of subsequent ipsilateral invasive cancer. The cumulative incidences of ipsilateral invasive cancer, contralateral breast cancer, and death were estimated using competing risk methods.

Results
A total of 1286 DCIS patients who did not undergo locoregional therapy were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 60 years (inter-quartile range = 51–74 years), with median follow-up of 5.5 years (inter-quartile range = 2.3–10.6 years). Among patients with tumor grade I/II (n = 547), the 10-year net risk of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer was 12.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.6% to 17.1%) compared with 17.6% (95% CI = 12.1% to 25.2%) among patients with tumor grade III (n = 244) and 10.1% (95% CI = 7.4% to 13.8%) among patients with unknown grade (n = 495). Among all patients, the 10-year cumulative incidences of ipsilateral invasive cancer, contralateral breast cancer, and all-cause mortality were 10.5% (95% CI = 8.5% to 12.4%), 3.9% (95% CI = 2.6% to 5.2%), and 24.1% (95% CI = 21.2% to 26.9%), respectively.

Conclusion
Despite limited data, our findings suggest that DCIS patients without locoregional treatment have a limited risk of invasive progression. Although the cohort is not representative of the general population of patients diagnosed with DCIS, the findings suggest that there may be overtreatment, especially among older patients and patients with elevated comorbidities.
Stand-Alone Artificial Intelligence for Breast Cancer Detection in Mammography: Comparison With 101 Radiologists
Authors: Rodriguez-Ruiz Alejandro , Lång Kristina , Gubern-Merida Albert , Broeders Mireille , Gennaro Gisella , Clauser Paola , Helbich Thomas H , Chevalier Margarita , Tan Tao , Mertelmeier Thomas , Wallis Matthew G , Andersson Ingvar , Zackrisson Sophia , Mann Ritse M , Sechopoulos Ioannis 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems performing at radiologist-like levels in the evaluation of digital mammography (DM) would improve breast cancer screening accuracy and efficiency. We aimed to compare the stand-alone performance of an AI system to that of radiologists in detecting breast cancer in DM.

Methods
Nine multi-reader, multi-case study datasets previously used for different research purposes in seven countries were collected. Each dataset consisted of DM exams acquired with systems from four different vendors, multiple radiologists’ assessments per exam, and ground truth verified by histopathological analysis or follow-up, yielding a total of 2652 exams (653 malignant) and interpretations by 101 radiologists (28 296 independent interpretations). An AI system analyzed these exams yielding a level of suspicion of cancer present between 1 and 10. The detection performance between the radiologists and the AI system was compared using a noninferiority null hypothesis at a margin of 0.05.

Results
The performance of the AI system was statistically noninferior to that of the average of the 101 radiologists. The AI system had a 0.840 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.820 to 0.860) area under the ROC curve and the average of the radiologists was 0.814 (95% CI = 0.787 to 0.841) (difference 95% CI = −0.003 to 0.055). The AI system had an AUC higher than 61.4% of the radiologists.

Conclusions
The evaluated AI system achieved a cancer detection accuracy comparable to an average breast radiologist in this retrospective setting. Although promising, the performance and impact of such a system in a screening setting needs further investigation.
A Simple, Rapid and Non-Radiolabeled Immune Assay to Detect Anti-AChR Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Bokoliya Suresh , Patil Shripad , Nagappa Madhu , Taly Arun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the practicality of dot-blot testing for rapid and sensitive detection of the antiacetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibodies in myasthenia gravis (MG).MethodsIn this case-control study, we tested serum specimens of 85 patients with MG, 85 healthy control individuals, and 85 patients without MG who have other autoimmune and neurological illnesses. All the serum specimens were tested for anti-AChR antibodies using 3 assays: in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the dot-blot assay, and commercial ELISA.ResultsIn-house ELISA, commercial ELISA, and dot-blot test results were positive for anti-AChR antibodies in 65 (76.5%) patients with MG. The results of all 3 tests were negative for anti-AChR antibodies in healthy controls and patients without MG. We observed perfect concordance (K = 1, P <.001) between all 3 tests. In-house ELISA correlated significantly (r = 0.873, P <.001) with commercial ELISA. In-house ELISA and the dot-blot test demonstrated similar diagnostic performance in detecting anti-AChR antibodies.ConclusionsThe dot-blot assay is a simple, nonradioactive immune assay for rapid detection of anti-AChR antibodies in MG.
The digital humanist: Contested status within contesting futures
Authors: Papadopoulos Costas , Reilly Paul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe fluctuating role and status of digital humanists—for example as adjunct technicians, hybrid cross-disciplinary scholars, para-academics, or so-called Alt-Acs—is not solely contingent on disciplinary challenges in the academy. Uncontrollable external factors such as economic instability, political change, and technological disruption can radically change and redefine roles and career trajectories. Therefore, the possibility of having to deal with the consequences of not just constant change but also potentially massively disruptive upheaval needs to be considered seriously on an ongoing basis. To avoid, or mitigate, the destructive aspects of such destabilizing change to the Digital Humanities we apply the futurity technique of scenario analysis. In this analysis, we develop and explore four plausible, contesting, but not mutually exclusive, potential futures and ask three fundamental questions to inform future organizational designs and development plans: What could happen? What would be the impact? What needs to be done to be ready and able to respond effectively (to all scenarios)? We conclude that, to remain relevant and resilient in a world constantly threatened by disruption, the Digital Humanities should adopt more flexible and less hierarchical divisions, open processes, and policies, and embrace flatter organizational structures, incorporating extended and inter-operable networks of communities, sources, and technologies, while employing a blended basket of criteria that will prevent identified schisms from becoming dangerous chasms.
Be a force for science: an interview with Barbara Schaal and Bill Moran
Authors: Qiu Jane 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the world's largest general science membership society, is an international non-profit organization with the stated goals of advancing science, engineering and innovation for the benefit of all people, communicating science broadly, defending scientific freedom, providing a voice for science on societal issues, strengthening and diversifying the science and technology workforce, and advancing international cooperation in science. Founded in 1848, AAAS today has individual members from around 100 countries, and is the publisher of the Science family of journals, including the open-access journal Science Advances.
NSR talks to Barbara Schaal—an evolutionary biologist at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri, 2017 President of AAAS, former Vice President of the US National Academy of Sciences, and a former advisor of the President's Council of Advisors in Science and Technology under the Obama administration—and also to Bill Moran, the publisher of Science, about why science is a global public good, how basic science is the engine of economic growth and prosperity, the importance of social science, and why the need to defend the free flow of ideas and people across national boundaries is urgent.
Disseminating a Smoke-free Homes Program to Low Socioeconomic Status Households in the United States Through 2-1-1: Results of a National Impact Evaluation
Authors: Bundy Łucja T , Haardörfer Regine , Kegler Michelle C , Owolabi Shadé , Berg Carla J , Escoffery Cam , Thompson Tess , Mullen Patricia Dolan , Williams Rebecca , Hovell Mel , Kahl Tanya , Harvey Dayanne , Price Adrianne , House Donnie , Booker Becky W , Kreuter Matthew W 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Given homes are now a primary source of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the United States, research-tested interventions that promote smoke-free homes should be evaluated in real-world settings to build the evidence base for dissemination. This study describes outcome evaluation results from a dissemination and implementation study of a research-tested program to increase smoke-free home rules through US 2-1-1 helplines.

Methods
Five 2-1-1 organizations, chosen through a competitive application process, were awarded grants of up to $70 000. 2-1-1 staff recruited participants, delivered the intervention, and evaluated the program. 2-1-1 clients who were recruited into the program allowed smoking in the home, lived in households with both a smoker and a nonsmoker or child, spoke English, and were at least 18 years old. Self-reported outcomes were assessed using a pre-post design, with follow-up at 2 months post baseline.

Results
A total of 2345 households (335–605 per 2-1-1 center) were enrolled by 2-1-1 staff. Most participants were female (82%) and smokers (76%), and half were African American (54%). Overall, 40.1% (n = 940) reported creating a full household smoking ban. Among the nonsmoking adults reached at follow-up (n = 389), days of SHS exposure in the past week decreased from 4.9 (SD = 2.52) to 1.2 (SD = 2.20). Among the 1148 smokers reached for follow-up, 211 people quit, an absolute reduction in smoking of 18.4% (p &lt; .0001), with no differences by gender.

Conclusions
Among those reached for 2-month follow-up, the proportion who reported establishing a smoke-free home was comparable to or higher than smoke-free home rates in the prior controlled research studies.

Implications
Dissemination of this brief research-tested intervention via a national grants program with support from university staff to five 2-1-1 centers increased home smoking bans, decreased SHS exposure, and increased cessation rates. Although the program delivery capacity demonstrated by these competitively selected 2-1-1s may not generalize to the broader 2-1-1 network in the United States, or social service agencies outside of the United States, partnering with 2-1-1s may be a promising avenue for large-scale dissemination of this smoke-free homes program and other public health programs to low socioeconomic status populations in the United States.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Serotype Distribution of Group B Streptococcus Colonization in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Living in Belgium: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dauby Nicolas , Adler Catherine , Miendje Deyi Veronique Y , Sacheli Rosalie , Busson Laurent , Chamekh Mustapha , Marchant Arnaud , Barlow Patricia , De Wit Stéphane , Levy Jack , Melin Pierrette , Goetghebuer Tessa 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection is a leading cause of severe neonatal infection. Maternal GBS carriage during pregnancy is the main risk factor for both early-onset and late-onset GBS disease. High incidence of GBS infection has been reported in HIV-exposed but -uninfected infants (HEU). We aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for GBS colonization in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women living in Belgium.

Methods
Between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, HIV-infected (n = 125) and -uninfected (n = 120) pregnant women had recto-vaginal swabs at 35–37 weeks of gestation and at delivery for GBS detection. Demographic, obstetrical, and HIV infection–related data were prospectively collected. GBS capsular serotyping was performed on a limited number of samples (33 from HIV-infected and 16 from HIV-uninfected pregnant women).

Results
There was no significant difference in the GBS colonization rate between HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnant women (29.6% vs 24.2%, respectively). HIV-infected women were more frequently colonized by serotype III (36.4% vs 12.5%), and the majority of serotype III strains belonged to the hypervirulent clone ST-17. Exclusively trivalent vaccine serotypes (Ia, Ib, and III) were found in 57.6% and 75% of HIV-infected and -uninfected women, respectively, whereas the hexavalent vaccine serotypes (Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V) were found in 97% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions
HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnant women living in Belgium have a similar GBS colonization rate. A trend to a higher colonization rate with serotype III was found in HIV-infected women, and those serotype III strains belong predominantly to the hypervirulent clone ST17.