bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Orinoco Low‐Level Jet: An Investigation of Its Characteristics and Evolution Using the WRF Model
Authors: Jiménez‐Sánchez Giovanni , Markowski Paul M. , Jewtoukoff Valerian , Young George S. , Stensrud David J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe structure and evolution of the low‐level jet over the Orinoco River basin is characterized using finer horizontal, vertical, and temporal resolution than possible in previous studies via dynamical downscaling. The investigation relies on a 5‐month‐long simulation (November 2013 to March 2014) performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting model, with initial and boundary conditions provided by the Global Forecast System analysis. Dynamical downscaling is demonstrated to be an effective method to better resolve the horizontal and vertical characteristics of the Orinoco low‐level jet (OLLJ), improving not only the representation of small‐scale jet streaks within the broader region of low‐level wind enhancement but also its diurnal and austral‐summer evolution. The OLLJ is found to be a single stream tube over Colombia and Venezuela with wind speeds greater than 8 m/s and four distinctive cores varying in height under the influence of sloping terrain. The OLLJ has its maximum monthly mean wind speed (13 m/s) and largest spatial extent (2,100 km × 400 km) in January. The maximum mean wind speeds (13–17 m/s) in the diurnal cycle occur in the early morning, whereas wind speeds are a minimum (8–9 m/s) in the late afternoon when a deep, convective boundary layer is present. The intraseasonal variability of the wind speed and potential temperature only presents significant periodicity in the diurnal and semidiurnal scales, with no other meaningful cycles evident during the austral summer.
Mountain‐Block Recharge: A Review of Current Understanding
Authors: Markovich Katherine H. , Manning Andrew H. , Condon Laura E. , McIntosh Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMountain‐block recharge (MBR) is the subsurface inflow of groundwater to lowland aquifers from adjacent mountains. MBR can be a major component of recharge but remains difficult to characterize and quantify due to limited hydrogeologic, climatic, and other data in the mountain block and at the mountain front. The number of MBR‐related studies has increased dramatically in the 15 years since the last review of the topic was conducted by Wilson and Guan (2004), generating important advancements. We review this recent body of literature, summarize current understanding of factors controlling MBR, and provide recommendations for future research priorities. Prior to 2004, most MBR studies were performed in the southwestern United States. Since then, numerous studies have detected and quantified MBR in basins around the world, typically estimating MBR to be 5–50% of basin‐fill aquifer recharge. Theoretical studies using generic numerical modeling domains have revealed fundamental hydrogeologic and topographic controls on the amount of MBR and where it originates within the mountain block. Several mountain‐focused hydrogeologic studies have confirmed the widespread existence of mountain bedrock aquifers hosting considerable groundwater flow and, in some cases, identified the occurrence of interbasin flow leaving headwater catchments in the subsurface—both of which are required for MBR to occur. Future MBR research should focus on the collection of high‐priority data (e.g., subsurface data near the mountain front and within the mountain block) and the development of sophisticated coupled models calibrated to multiple data types to best constrain MBR and predict how it may change in response to climate warming.
Z-Isomers of lycopene exhibit greater liver accumulation than the all-E-isomer in mice
Authors: Honda Masaki , Nakayama Yuki , Nishikawa Sho , Tsuda Takanori 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The effect of oral administration of all-E-isomer-rich and Z-isomer-rich lycopene on liver accumulation in mice was investigated. When a diet rich in the Z-isomers was administered for 4 weeks, the total lycopene concentration in the liver was more than 3 times higher than that of all-E-isomer administration. This result clearly indicates that lycopene Z-isomers show greater bioavailability and/or liver accumulation than the all-E-isomer in mice.
Association between student characteristics and rankings when applying for a residency in health-system pharmacy administration
Authors: Morbitzer Kathryn A , Eckel Stephen F 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeResults of a study to identify characteristics associated with pharmacy residency applicant success in obtaining an invitation to interview and a top candidate ranking are reported. Subsequent development and initial validation of a predictive model based on those characteristics are described.MethodsBivariable analyses were performed for planned stratifications of applicants to a health-system pharmacy administration residency program according to whether they were offered an on-site interview or were among the 8 top candidates by final candidate ranking. A Random Forest algorithm was created to identify predictors of the likelihood of an applicant being offered an on-site interview.ResultsApplicants who were offered interviews had a higher median pharmacy school grade point average (GPA) than those not invited to interview: 3.63 (interquartile range [IQR], 3.46–3.79) versus 3.35 (IQR, 3.2–3.49); p < 0.001. Invited applicants also received more scholarships during pharmacy school (median, 2 [IQR, 1–3) versus 1 [IQR, 0–2]; p = 0.002). Applicants with prior work experience as a hospital pharmacy intern were also more likely than those without such experience to be offered an interview (70.0% versus 37.8% were invited, p = 0.001), as were applicants who presented a poster at a national meeting during pharmacy school (80% versus 60%, p = 0.02) or who served in a national pharmacy organization leadership position (41.4% versus 20%, p = 0.03). Pharmacy school GPA was associated with final candidate ranking; top-ranked candidates had a significantly higher median GPA than lower-ranked applicants (3.68 [IQR, 3.51–3.8] versus 3.48 [IQR, 3.23–3.7]; p = 0.003).ConclusionObjective criteria within the realms of academic performance and prior work experience may be used to streamline the applicant screening process when determining candidates to invite for an on-site interview. Pharmacy school GPA was the only characteristic found to be associated with applicant final ranking.
Inpatient pain management in sickle cell disease
Authors: Zassman Stefanie M , Zamora Francis J , Roberts John D 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeA novel strategy for management of acute pain associated with sickle cell disease (SCD), referred to as the oral tier approach, is described.SummarySCD is an inherited blood disorder characterized by episodic acute pain known as vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), which is the most common reason for emergency department visits and hospital admissions in patients with SCD; these patients are often treated with parenteral opioids on admission and then transitioned to oral opioids prior to discharge. In this report, experience with use of the oral tier approach in 3 patients with SCD hospitalized for management of VOC is reported. As per usual practice, acute pain was initially managed with parenteral opioids via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Once pain control was established, an oral tier was added. The oral tier consisted of 3 orders. The first order was for an oral opioid, to be administered every 3 hours on a scheduled basis; however, the patient could refuse 1 or more of these scheduled doses. Two additional orders specified that the patients could receive additional oral opioids in incremental doses for moderate (grade 4–7) or severe (grade 8–10) pain if appropriate. To facilitate transition to an oral regimen with which the patients might be discharged, they were encouraged to use oral opioids in preference to parenteral opioids. Opioid usage and average daily pain scores for the 3 patients are reported.ConclusionHealthcare providers can use the oral tier approach to facilitate rapid inpatient conversion from i.v. PCA to oral opioids while providing adequate pain control in patients with SCD who develop VOC.
The Use of An EHR Patient Portal (Mychart-Epic) in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Reich Jason , Canakis Andrew , Shankar Divya , Harrington Jill , Apte Manisha , Weinberg Janice , Jones Eric , Noronha Ansu , Wasan Sharmeel K , Farraye Francis A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a significant effect on patients’ overall quality of life (QoL). We hypothesized that an Electronic Health Record (EHR) patient portal (EPIC’s Mychart) can be utilized to improve QoL in IBD patients and increase vaccine uptake.

Methods
Patients were randomized to receive specific disease (INT) information and to a control arm (CTRL) that received periodic non-IBD related messages. Disease severity was assessed using the Harvey-Bradshaw index, and Simple Clinical Colitis Activity index. QoL was measured using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ). Secondary outcome measures included overall satisfaction with the portal and influenza and pneumococcal vaccine uptake.

Results
One hundred twenty-seven patients were randomized: At baseline the CTRL group had a statistically significant higher QoL (Median SIBDQ 53.7) compared with the INT group (median SIBDQ 49.3), P = 0.04. At 6 months, the INT group had a trend towards a significantly greater increase in QoL (median SIBDQ 58) when compared with the CTRL group (median SIBDQ 57.5), P = 0.06. At 6 months more frequent portal use showed a significantly lower median SIBDQ (median 53) compared with patients with less frequent portal use (median 59), P = 0.038. At 6 months 88% of patients felt that the MyChart portal was useful with respect to IBD management. Patients had high rates of portal utilization with one-third of patients logging on weekly, and one-third logging on monthly. With respect to vaccine uptake, both influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia had higher rates of vaccine uptake.

Conclusions
Patients showed a trend towards improved QoL after receiving disease-specific information through our EHR portal. A significant increase in vaccine uptake was also seen. Frequent automated messages sent via an EHR portal can improve patient’s overall QoL. Larger studies will be needed to determine if automated portal reminders have a significant association with improved QoL, and furthermore to determine if there is any impact on disease activity.
European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) international consensus document on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cardiac implantable electronic device infections—endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS), International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)
Authors: Blomström-Lundqvist Carina , Traykov Vassil , Erba Paola Anna , Burri Haran , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Bongiorni Maria Grazia , Poole Jeanne , Boriani Giuseppe , Costa Roberto , Deharo Jean-Claude , Epstein Laurence M , Saghy Laszlo , Snygg-Martin Ulrika , Starck Christoph , Tascini Carlo , Strathmore Neil ,   ESC Scientific Document Group, Kalarus Zbigniew , Boveda Serge , Dagres Nikolaos , Rinaldi Christopher A , Biffi Mauro , Gellér LászlóA , Sokal Adam , Birgersdotter-Green Ulrika , Lever Nigel , Tajstra Mateusz , Kutarski Andrzej , Rodríguez Diego A , Hasse Barbara , Zinkernagel Annelies , Mangoni EmanueleDurante 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices are potentially life-saving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions, but are not without risk. Most concerning is the risk of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, which is associated with significant morbidity, increased hospitalizations, reduced survival, and increased healthcare costs. Recommended preventive strategies such as administration of intravenous antibiotics before implantation are well recognized. Uncertainties have remained about the role of various preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures such as skin antiseptics, pocket antibiotic solutions, anti-bacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, and others. Guidance on whether to use novel device alternatives expected to be less prone to infections and novel oral anticoagulants is also limited, as are definitions on minimum quality requirements for centres and operators and volumes. Moreover, an international consensus document on management of CIED infections is lacking. The recognition of these issues, the dissemination of results from important randomized trials focusing on prevention of CIED infections, and observed divergences in managing device-related infections as found in an European Heart Rhythm Association worldwide survey, provided a strong incentive for a 2019 International State-of-the-art Consensus document on risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CIED infections.
The nonsmooth landscape of phase retrieval
Authors: Davis Damek , Drusvyatskiy Dmitriy , Paquette Courtney 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We consider a popular nonsmooth formulation of the real phase retrieval problem. We show that under standard statistical assumptions a simple subgradient method converges linearly when initialized within a constant relative distance of an optimal solution. Seeking to understand the distribution of the stationary points of the problem, we complete the paper by proving that as the number of Gaussian measurements increases, the stationary points converge to a codimension two set, at a controlled rate. Experiments on image recovery problems illustrate the developed algorithm and theory.
The orientation of planes of dwarf galaxies in the quasi-linear Universe
Authors: Libeskind Noam I , Carlesi Edoardo , Müller Oliver , Pawlowski Marcel S , Hoffman Yehuda , Pomarède Daniel , Courtois Helene M , Tully R , Gottlöber Stefan , Steinmetz Matthias , Sorce Jenny , Knebe Alexander 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
To date at least 10 highly flattened planes of dwarf galaxies are claimed to have been discovered in the Local Universe. The origin of these planes of galaxies remains unknown. One suggestion is that they are related to the large-scale structure of the cosmic web. A recent study found that the normal of a number of these dwarf galaxy planes is very closely aligned with the eigenvector of the shear tensor corresponding to the direction of greatest collapse obtained by reconstructing the full velocity field in the linear regime. Here we extend that work by both considering an additional 5 planes beyond the five examined previously and examining the alignment with respect to the quasi-linear field, a more sophisticated reconstruction, which is a better approximation on smaller (quasi-linear) scales. Our analysis recovers the previous result while not finding a significantly tight alignment with the additional five planes. However, the additional five plane normals also do not appear to be randomly oriented. We conclude that this could be due either to the normals of the new planes being poorly defined and described; the quasi-linear field at those locations being poorly constrained; or different formation mechanisms for the orientation of planes of dwarf galaxies.
Size and density sorting of dust grains in SPH simulations of protoplanetary discs – II. Fragmentation
Authors: Pignatale F C , Gonzalez J-F , Bourdon Bernard , Fitoussi Caroline 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTGrain growth and fragmentation are important processes in building up large dust aggregates in protoplanetary discs. Using a 3D two-phase (gas–dust) sph code, we investigate the combined effects of growth and fragmentation of a multiphase dust with different fragmentation thresholds in a time-evolving disc. We find that our fiducial disc, initially in a fragmentation regime, moves towards a pure-growth regime in a few thousands years. Time-scales change as a function of the disc and dust properties. When fragmentation is efficient, it produces, in different zones of the disc, Fe/Si and rock/ice ratios different from those predicted when only pure growth is considered. Chemical fractionation and the depletion/enrichment in iron observed in some chondrites can be linked to the size–density sorting and fragmentation properties of precursor dusty grains. We suggest that aggregation of chondritic components could have occurred where/when fragmentation was not efficient if their aerodynamical sorting has to be preserved. Chondritic components would allow aerodynamical sorting in a fragmentation regime only if they have similar fragmentation properties. We find that, in the inner disc, and for the same interval of time, fragmenting dust can grow larger when compared to the size of grains predicted by pure growth. This counter-intuitive behaviour is due to the large amount of dust that piles up in a fragmenting zone followed by the rapid growth that occurs when this zone transitions to a pure growth regime. As an important consequence, dust can overcome the radial-drift barrier within a few thousands years.
An unusually large gaseous transit in a debris disc
Authors: Iglesias Daniela P , Olofsson Johan , Bayo Amelia , Zieba Sebastian , Montesinos Matías , Smoker Jonathan , Kennedy Grant M , Godoy Nicolás , Pantoja Blake , Talens Geert Jan , Wahhaj Zahed , Zamora Catalina 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe present the detection of an unusually large transient gas absorption in several ionized species in the debris disc star HD 37306 using high-resolution optical spectra. We have been analysing a large sample of debris discs searching for circumstellar gas absorptions aiming to determine the frequency of gas in debris discs. HD 37306 stood out showing remarkably broad absorptions superimposed on to several photospheric Ca ii, Fe ii, and Ti ii lines. The observed absorptions, unlike typical exocometary transits, lasted for at least eight days. Here, we analyse simultaneous spectroscopic and photometric data of the event and evaluate different scenarios that might explain the observed features. We conclude that the most likely scenario might be an exocometary break-up releasing a significant amount of gas close to the star, producing an occulting ‘ring’/‘torus’ shape.
The chaotic wind of WR 40 as probed by BRITE
Authors: Ramiaramanantsoa Tahina , Ignace Richard , Moffat Anthony F J , St-Louis Nicole , Shkolnik Evgenya L , Popowicz Adam , Kuschnig Rainer , Pigulski Andrzej , Wade Gregg A , Handler Gerald , Pablo Herbert , Zwintz Konstanze 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Among Wolf–Rayet stars, those of subtype WN8 are the intrinsically most variable. We have explored the long-term photometric variability of the brightest known WN8 star, WR 40, through four contiguous months of time-resolved, single-passband optical photometry with the BRIght Target Explorer nanosatellite mission. The Fourier transform of the observed light curve reveals that the strong light variability exhibited by WR 40 is dominated by many randomly triggered, transient, low-frequency signals. We establish a model in which the whole wind consists of stochastic clumps following an outflow visibility promptly rising to peak brightness upon clump emergence from the optically thick pseudo-photosphere in the wind, followed by a gradual decay according to the right-half of a Gaussian. Free electrons in each clump scatter continuum light from the star. We explore a scenario where the clump size follows a power-law distribution, and another one with an ensemble of clumps of constant size. Both scenarios yield simulated light curves morphologically resembling the observed light curve remarkably well, indicating that one cannot uniquely constrain the details of clump size distribution with only a photometric light curve. Nevertheless, independent evidence favours a negative-index power law, as seen in many other astrophysical turbulent media.
Combined epigenetic signature and gene copy number variations in IDH-mutant glioblastomas showed varied risk stratification
Authors: Keung Ng Ho , Li Kay Ka-Wai , Malta Tathiane M , Shi Zhi-feng , Noushmehr Houtan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The number of IDH-mutant glioblastoma examined in the literature and TCGA is few. We used Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array to classify 64 IDH-mutant-GBM into methylation groups. Gene copy number variations were determined from methylation. 53.1%, 35.9%, and 10.9% of tumors belonged to G-CIMP-high, G-CIMP-low and codel groups respectively. G-CIMP-low group of IDH-mutant glioblastoma was associated with worse survival as compared to G-CIMP-high (p=0.005) and Codel groups (p=0.009). CDKN2A deletion (24/64; 37.5%) was the most common gene copy number variation, and was significantly associated with GCIMP-low subgroup (p=0.001). Amplification of MET was identified in 3/64 (9.4%), CCND2 11/64 (17.2%), PDGFRA 9/64 (14.1%), CDK4 8/64 (12.5%) and EGFR 8/64 cases (12.5%). Both CDKN2A deletion (p=0.008) and MET amplification (p<0.001) were associated with poor survival. Combined methylation signature and gene copy number variations separated IDH-mutant glioblastoma into Group 1 (codeleted), Group 2 (GCIMP-high without CDKN2A deletion), Group 3 (GCIMP-high with CDKN2A deletion), Group 4 (GCIMP-low without CDKN2A and MET alterations), and Group 5 (GCIMP-low with CDKN2A and/or MET alterations). Group 1 had a favorable overall survival with a median survival of 1240 days. Groups 2, 3, and 4 exhibited an intermediate outcome with a median survival of 536, 619, and 655 days respectively. Group 5 exhibited a poor outcome with a median survival of 255 days. Groups based on combined methylation signature and CDKN2A/MET status are an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: IDH mutant glioblastomas should be stratified for risk with combined epigenetic signature and CDKN2A/MET status and some cases have unfavorable outcomes.
Utilising functional imaging to predict survival in paediatric brain tumours.
Authors: Grist James , Withey Stephanie , MacPherson Lesley , Oates Adam , Stephen Powell Mr , Novak Jan , Abernethy Laurence , Pizer Barry , Grundy Richard , Bailey Simon , Mitra Dipayan , Arvantis Theodoros , Auer Dorothee , Avula Shivaram , Peet Andrew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Brain tumours are a common cause of death in the paediatric population. We have previously shown that MR imaging and spectroscopy can be used to non-invasively differentiate between tumour types. Here, we demonstrate that functional imaging can be highly predictive of survival and grade in a paediatric cohort.

Methods
Perfusion (PWI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were performed in a multi-site (Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Alder Hey, Nottingham) cohort ([grade, 5-year survival alive:dead number] = [I,15:1],[II, 5:1],[III,2:3],[IV,8:11]). ROIs were drawn on T2 imaging and functional imaging features (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) were derived. Supervised machine learning was used to predict 5-year survival and tumour grade from features. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to assess differences in features between grade and 5-year survival status.

Results
5-year survival was predicted with 89%, 85%, and 87% accuracy with all imaging, perfusion, or diffusion features, respectively.
A significant difference in perfusion was found between surviving and diseased participants (1.71 ± 0.82 vs 2.62 ± 1 mL/100g/min, respectively, p < 0.05). A significant difference in ADC (mm2 s-1) between tumour grades was found (1 vs 4 (1533 ± 458 vs 857 ± 239), 4 vs 3 (857 ± 239 vs 1197 ± 137), 4 vs 2 (857 ± 239 vs 1440 ± 557), corrected p < 0.05).

Conclusion
We have shown that perfusion and diffusion imaging features can be used to non-invasively assess tumour grade and estimate 5-year survival status in a cohort of paediatric brain tumours.