bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Azithromycin-Based Extended-Spectrum Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Noninfectious Cesarean Wound Complications
Authors: Ausbeck Elizabeth B. , Jauk Victoria C. , Boggess Kim A. , Saade George R. , Longo Sherri , Clark Erin A. S. , Esplin Sean , Cleary Kirsten , Wapner Ronald , Letson Kellett , Owens Michelle , Abramovici Adi , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Szychowski Jeff M. , Andrews William , Tita Alan T. N. ,   for the Cesarean Section Optimal Antibiotic Prophylaxis Trial Consortium
Published: February 2019

Objective Adding azithromycin to standard antibiotic prophylaxis for unscheduled cesarean delivery has been shown to reduce postcesarean infections. Because wound infection with ureaplasmas may not be overtly purulent, we assessed the hypothesis that azithromycin-based extended-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis also reduces wound complications that are identified as noninfectious.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of the C/SOAP (Cesarean Section Optimal Antibiotic Prophylaxis) randomized controlled trial, which enrolled women with singleton pregnancies ≥24 weeks who were undergoing nonelective cesarean. Women were randomized to adjunctive azithromycin or identical placebo up to 1 hour preincision. All wound complications occurring within 6 weeks were adjudicated into infection and noninfectious wound complications (seroma, hematoma, local cellulitis, and other noninfectious wound breakdown). The primary outcome for this analysis is the composite of noninfectious wound complications.
Results At a total of 14 sites, 2,013 women were randomized to adjunctive azithromycin (n = 1,019) or placebo (n = 994). Groups were similar at baseline. Although there was a lower rate of noninfectious wound complications in the azithromycin group compared with placebo (2.9 vs. 3.8%), this was not statistically significant (p = 0.22).
Conclusion While adding azithromycin to usual antibiotic prophylaxis for nonelective cesarean delivery does reduce the risk of postcesarean infections, it did not significantly reduce the risk of postcesarean noninfectious wound complications.
Changes in Dermal Thickness in Biopsy Study of Histologic Findings After a Single Injection of Polycaprolactone-Based Filler into the Dermis
Authors: Kim Jong Seo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundDuring aging, facial skin thins, atrophies, and loses elasticity. Subdermal filler injections can volumize and treat wrinkles but cannot directly change dermal thickness. Polycaprolactone (PCL) fillers can improve skin texture and quality through dermal thickening and inducing neocollagenesis. Through biopsy study, evidence of neocollagenesis will be introduced.ObjectivesIn this single-clinic prospective study, 13 patients received a single injection of diluted 0.5 cc of PCL filler in the facial dermis except the right temple area for intra-individual control study.MethodsA biopsy was performed from temple skin at 1 year for all patients. An additional biopsy was performed at 2 weeks and 4 years posttreatment for 3 patients. Dermal thickness was measured with sonography after 1 year.ResultsOn average, the mean rate of temporal skin thickness in biopsy specimens (n = 117 points in 13 patients) at 1 year posttreatment increased by 26.74% ± 9.26% from 1412.41 μm ± 69 μm to 1781.11 μm ± 110 μm (P < 0.001). On average, the mean thickness of facial skin (n = 39 points in 13 patients) measured by ultrasound at 1 year increased by 21.31% ± 4.34%. Around PCL particles, many fibroblasts, giant cells, new capillaries, new collagen, and elastic fibers were found in various stains.ConclusionsFacial dermal thickness increased after intradermal injection of PCL filler by neocollagenesis to treat skin atrophy. PCL filler may last more than 4 years in the dermis.Level of Evidence: 4
CausalTAB: the PSI-MITAB 2.8 updated format for signalling data representation and dissemination
Authors: Perfetto L , Acencio M L , Bradley G , Cesareni G , Del Toro N , Fazekas D , Hermjakob H , Korcsmaros T , Kuiper M , Lægreid A , Lo Surdo P , Lovering R C , Orchard S , Porras P , Thomas P D , Touré V , Zobolas J , Licata L 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Combining multiple layers of information underlying biological complexity into a structured framework represent a challenge in systems biology. A key task is the formalization of such information in models describing how biological entities interact to mediate the response to external and internal signals. Several databases with signalling information, focus on capturing, organizing and displaying signalling interactions by representing them as binary, causal relationships between biological entities. The curation efforts that build these individual databases demand a concerted effort to ensure interoperability among resources.

Results
Aware of the enormous benefits of standardization efforts in the molecular interaction research field, representatives of the signalling network community agreed to extend the PSI-MI controlled vocabulary to include additional terms representing aspects of causal interactions. Here, we present a common standard for the representation and dissemination of signalling information: the PSI Causal Interaction tabular format (CausalTAB) which is an extension of the existing PSI-MI tab-delimited format, now designated PSI-MITAB 2.8. We define the new term ‘causal interaction’, and related child terms, which are children of the PSI-MI ‘molecular interaction’ term. The new vocabulary terms in this extended PSI-MI format will enable systems biologists to model large-scale signalling networks more precisely and with higher coverage than before.

Availability and implementation
PSI-MITAB 2.8 format and the new reference implementation of PSICQUIC are available online (https://psicquic.github.io/ and https://psicquic.github.io/MITAB28Format.html).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Improving coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of adopting transit-time flow measurement
Authors: Thuijs Daniel J F M , Bekker Margreet W A , Taggart David P , Kappetein A Pieter , Kieser Teresa M , Wendt Daniel , Di Giammarco Gabriele , Trachiotis Gregory D , Puskas John D , Head Stuart J 
Published: February 2019

Summary

Despite there being numerous studies of intraoperative graft flow assessment by transit-time flow measurement (TTFM) on outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the adoption of contemporary TTFM is low. Therefore, on 31 January 2018, a systematic literature search was performed to identify articles that reported (i) the amount of grafts classified as abnormal or which were revised or (ii) an association between TTFM and outcomes during follow-up. Random-effects models were used to create pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of (i) the rate of graft revision per patient, (ii) the rate of graft revision per graft and (iii) the rate of graft revision among grafts deemed abnormal based on TTFM parameters. The search yielded 242 articles, and 66 original articles were included in the systematic review. Of those articles, 35 studies reported on abnormal grafts or graft revisions (8943 patients, 15 673 grafts) and were included in the meta-analysis. In 4.3% of patients (95% CI 3.3–5.7%, I2 = 73.9) a revision was required and 2.0% of grafts (95% CI 1.5–2.5%; I2 = 66.0) were revised. The pooled rate of graft revisions among abnormal grafts was 25.1% (95% CI 15.5–37.9%; I2 = 80.2). Studies reported sensitivity ranging from 0.250 to 0.457 and the specificity from 0.939 to 0.984. Reported negative predictive values ranged from 0.719 to 0.980 and reported positive predictive values ranged from 0.100 to 0.840. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that TTFM could improve CABG procedures. However, due to heterogeneous data, drawing uniform conclusions appeared challenging. Future studies should focus on determining the optimal use of TTFM and assessing its diagnostic accuracy.
Brief smoking cessation in acute Welsh hospitals: a realist approach
Authors: Davies Siân , Burton Christopher R , Williams Lynne , Tinkler Angela 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This implementation study sought to determine what works to support brief smoking cessation (BSC) in acute hospital settings, through exploration of organizational delivery and the role of healthcare professionals (HCPs). We used a realist approach, with embedded stakeholder engagement, within a large health organization. We conducted interviews (n = 27), a survey (n = 279) and organization documentation review (n = 44). The final programme theory suggests HCPs implement BSC when they value it as part of their role in contributing to improved patient outcomes; this is due to personal and professional influences, such as knowledge or experience. Organizational support, training and working in an environment where BSC is visible as standard care, positively influences implementation. However, the context exerts a strong influence on whether BSC is implemented, or not. HCPs make nuanced judgements on whether to implement BSC based on their assessment of the patient’s responses, the patient’s condition and other acute care demands. HCPs are less likely to implement BSC in dynamic and uncertain environments, as they are concerned about adversely impacting on the clinician–patient relationship and prioritize other acute care requirements. Organizations should actively promote BSC as a core function of the acute hospital setting and improve professional practice through leadership, training, feedback and visible indicators of organizational commitment. HCPs can be persuaded that implementing BSC is an acute care priority and an expectation of standard practice for improving patient outcomes.
Possibilities and challenges in developing and implementing an empowerment-based school-intervention in a Swedish disadvantaged community
Authors: Jonsson L , Fröberg A , Korp P , Larsson C , Berg C , Lindgren E -C 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we describe and critically reflect on the possibilities and challenges of developing and implementing an empowerment-based school intervention regarding healthy food and physical activity (PA), involving participants from a Swedish multicultural area characterized by low socioeconomic status. The 2-year intervention was continually developed and implemented, as a result of cooperation and shared decision making among researchers and the participants. All 54 participants were seventh graders, and the intervention comprised health coaching, health promotion sessions and a Facebook group. We experienced that participants valued collaborating with peers, and that they took responsibility in codeveloping and implementing the intervention. Participants expressed feeling listened to, being treated with respect and taken seriously. However, we also experienced a number of barriers that challenged our initial intentions of aiding participation and ambition to support empowerment. Moreover, it was challenging to use structured group health coaching and to work with goal-setting in groups of participants with shared, and sometimes competing, goals, wishes and needs related to food and PA. Successful experiences from this intervention was the importance of acquiring a broad and deep understanding of the context and participants, being open to negotiating, as well as adjusting the intervention.
Successful percutaneous treatment of an anomalous left circumflex coronary artery occlusion after tricuspid valve repair
Authors: Hergault Hélène , Mouillet Gauthier , Ternacle Julien , Bergoend Eric 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The risk of coronary artery injury during valve surgery is higher in case of anomalous coronary artery origin and trajectory. Unlike previous reports on coronary obstruction related to aortic or mitral surgery, we report the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of an anomalous left circumflex artery occlusion after tricuspid valve repair, and its successful percutaneous treatment.
Flexibility of Heterocercal Tails: What Can the Functional Morphology of Shark Tails Tell Us about Ichthyosaur Swimming?
Authors: Crofts S B , Shehata R , Flammang B E 
Published: February 2019

SynopsisThe similarities between ichthyosaurs and sharks are a text-book example of convergence, and similarities in tail morphology have led many to theorize that they had similar swimming styles. The variation of ichthyosaur tail shapes is encompassed within the diversity of shark families. In particular early ichthyosaurs have asymmetrical tails like the heterocercal tails of carcharhinid sharks, while later occurring ichthyosaurs have lunate tails similar to those of lamnid sharks. Because it is not possible to measure ichthyosaur tail function, the goal of this study is to measure and compare the flexibility and stiffness of lunate and heterocercal shark tails, and to measure skeletal and connective tissue features that may affect tail flexibility. We measured flexibility in 10 species and focused on five species in particular, for dissection: one pelagic and one bottom-associated individual from each order, plus the common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus), a tail-slapping specialist. As expected, lunate tails were overall less flexible than heterocercal tails and had greater flexural stiffness. Our results suggest that the cross-sectional profile of the skeletally supported dorsal lobe dictates flexural stiffness, but that changing tissue composition dictates flexural stiffness in the ventral lobe. We also found structural differences that may enable the tail slapping behavior of the common thresher shark. Finally, we discuss how our morphological measurements compare to ichthyosaur measurements from the literature; noting that similarities in functional morphology suggest sharks may be a good analog for understanding ichthyosaur swimming biomechanics.
Tegavivint and the β-Catenin/ALDH Axis in Chemotherapy-Resistant and Metastatic Osteosarcoma
Authors: Nomura Motonari , Rainusso Nino , Lee Yi-Chien , Dawson Brian , Coarfa Cristian , Han Ruolan , Larson Jeffrey L , Shuck Ryan , Kurenbekova Lyazat , Yustein Jason T 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is closely associated with osteosarcoma (OS) development and metastatic progression. We investigated the antitumor activity of Tegavivint, a novel β-catenin/transducin β-like protein 1 (TBL1) inhibitor, against OS employing in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo cell line and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models that recapitulate high risk disease.

Methods
The antitumor efficacy of Tegavivint was evaluated in vitro using established OS and PDX-derived cell lines. Use of an ex vivo three-dimensional pulmonary metastasis assay assessed targeting of β-catenin activity during micro- and macrometastatic development. The in vivo activity of Tegavivint was evaluated using chemoresistant and metastatic OS PDX models. Gene and protein expression were quantified by quantitative Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or immunoblot analysis. Bone integrity was determined via microCT. All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
Tegavivint exhibited antiproliferative activity against OS cells in vitro and actively reduced micro- and macrometastatic development ex vivo. Multiple OS PDX tumors (n = 3), including paired patient primary and lung metastatic tumors with inherent chemoresistance, were suppressed by Tegavivint in vivo. We identified that metastatic lung OS cell lines (n = 2) exhibited increased stem cell signatures, including enhanced concomitant aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1) and β-catenin expression and downstream activity, which were suppressed by Tegavivint (ALDH1: control group, mean relative mRNA expression = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.68 to 1.22 vs Tegavivint group, mean = 0.011, 95% CI = 0.0012 to 0.056, P < .001; β-catenin: control group, mean relative mRNA expression = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.71 to 1.36 vs Tegavivint group, mean = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.52, P < .001). ALDH1high PDX-derived lung OS cells, which demonstrated enhanced metastatic potential compared with ALDHlow cells in vivo, were sensitive to Tegavivint. Toxicity studies revealed decreased bone density in male Tegavivint-treated mice (n = 4 mice per group).

Conclusions
Tegavivint is a promising therapeutic agent for advanced stages of OS via its targeting of the β-catenin/ALDH1 axis.
Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Lessons From Polio
Authors: Gilsdorf Janet R 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith the eradication of poliomyelitis in the United States, the appearance of acute flaccid myelitis outbreaks has raised questions regarding their causation. Review of the epidemiology, clinical aspects, and laboratory findings of bygone cases of poliomyelitis have revealed shows important similarities with those of newer cases of acute flaccid myelitis. Many occurrences are preceded by an apparent viral illness, and a number of viruses, particularly enteroviruses A71 and D68, can be isolated from respiratory or stool specimens. Our inability to detect these viruses in cerebrospinal fluid samples from these patients does not eliminate them as etiologic agents, because poliovirus is often not detected in cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with paralysis caused by poliomyelitis.
Using Response Propensity Modeling to Allocate Noncontingent Incentives in an Address-Based Sample: Evidence from a National Experiment
Authors: Jackson Michael T , McPhee Cameron B , Lavrakas Paul J 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMonetary incentives are frequently used to improve survey response rates. While it is common to use a single incentive amount for an entire sample, allowing the incentive to vary inversely with the expected probability of response may help to mitigate nonresponse and/or nonresponse bias. Using data from the 2016 National Household Education Survey (NHES:2016), an address-based sample (ABS) of US households, this article evaluates an experiment in which the noncontingent incentive amount was determined by a household’s predicted response propensity (RP). Households with the lowest RP received $10, those with the highest received $2 or $0, and those in between received the standard NHES incentive of $5. Relative to a uniform $5 protocol, this “tailored” incentive protocol slightly reduced the response rate and had no impact on observable nonresponse bias. These results serve as an important caution to researchers considering the targeting of incentives or other interventions based on predicted RP. While preferable in theory to “one-size-fits-all” approaches, such differential designs may not improve recruitment outcomes without a dramatic increase in the resources devoted to low RP cases. If budget and/or ethical concerns limit the resources that can be devoted to such cases, RP-based targeting could have little practical benefit.
Slowing the spins of stellar cores
Authors: Fuller Jim , Piro Anthony L , Jermyn Adam S 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
The angular momentum (AM) evolution of stellar interiors, along with the resulting rotation rates of stellar remnants, remains poorly understood. Asteroseismic measurements of red giant stars reveal that their cores rotate much faster than their surfaces, but much slower than theoretically predicted, indicating an unidentified source of AM transport operates in their radiative cores. Motivated by this, we investigate the magnetic Tayler instability and argue that it saturates when turbulent dissipation of the perturbed magnetic field energy is equal to magnetic energy generation via winding. This leads to larger magnetic field amplitudes, more efficient AM transport, and smaller shears than predicted by the classic Tayler–Spruit dynamo. We provide prescriptions for the effective AM diffusivity and incorporate them into numerical stellar models, finding they largely reproduce (1) the nearly rigid rotation of the Sun and main sequence stars, (2) the core rotation rates of low-mass red giants during hydrogen shell and helium burning, and (3) the rotation rates of white dwarfs. We discuss implications for stellar rotational evolution, internal rotation profiles, rotational mixing, and the spins of compact objects.
The ‘Big Dipper’: the nature of the extreme variability of the AGN SDSS J2232−0806
Authors: Kynoch Daniel , Ward Martin J , Lawrence Andy , Bruce Alastair G , Landt Hermine , MacLeod Chelsea L 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
SDSS J2232−0806 (the ‘Big Dipper’) has been identified as a ‘slow-blue nuclear hypervariable’: a galaxy with no previously known active nucleus, blue colours, and large-amplitude brightness evolution occurring on a time-scale of years. Subsequent observations have shown that this source does indeed contain an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Our optical photometric and spectroscopic monitoring campaign has recorded one major dimming event (and subsequent rise) over a period of around 4 yr; there is also evidence of previous events consistent with this in archival data recorded over the last 20 yr. Here we report an analysis of the 11 optical spectra obtained to date and we assemble a multiwavelength data set including infrared, ultraviolet, and X-ray observations. We find that an intrinsic change in the luminosity is the most favoured explanation of the observations, based on a comparison of continuum and line variability and the apparent lagged response of the hot dust. This source, along with several other recently discovered ‘changing-look’ objects, demonstrate that AGNs can exhibit large-amplitude luminosity changes on time-scales much shorter than those predicted by standard thin accretion disc models.
Introduction
Authors: Murphy Kelly J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The introduction starts with a brief history of the Gideons International, an organization that was named after the character of Gideon found in the biblical book of Judg 6–8. While the Gideons chose the name because they found Gideon to be a man willing to do God’s work, the biblical text portrays him much more ambiguously, from a hesitant, insecure man in need of multiple divine assurances to a clever tactician, a persuasive leader, a ruthless military manner, and, perhaps, an idolater. The chapter sets out key concepts for the following chapters, including a discussion of how the book will explore the story of Gideon and its reception history through masculinity studies and redaction criticism.
Decisional Conflict
Authors: Shortland Neil D. , Alison Laurence J. , Moran Joseph M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Members of the Armed Forces, at all levels, are required to make decisions in which every outcome appears to be averse and high risk. Neither the current military decision-making process nor contemporary psychological theory (e.g., recognition-primed decision-making) satisfactorily explains the process of making decisions such as these. This chapter discusses the prevalence of least-worst decisions, showing that they can occur at all levels, from the President’s decision to use a military option (e.g., in Syria) to the soldier on the ground who must decide whether to shoot or not (and the implications of the former on the latter and vice versa). The chapter also shows that effectively navigating combat, at all levels of command, is not a case of being able to select the best choice but, rather, often being able to grapple with choosing the least-worst.