bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpine Trekkers and Tours: economic condition and its impacts on tourism industry of Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Syed Shaan , Akhtar Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

Learning outcomes
The paper has the following learning outcomes: to understand the historical and geographical aspect of Pakistan vis-à-vis other countries of South East Asia and the world; to be able to understand the different marketing strategies of the tourism company; to gather the knowledge of many unknown facts which remain out of sight and hardly surface; to boost economy if its facts and figures are given due weight age and followed with true letter and spirit; and to give a big boost to an industry which remains mostly dormant for many decades. The ratio analysis of service sector is explained. How finances can be arranged in shortest time and generates profitability for the company is also discussed.

Case overview/synopsis
The study provides an overview on the following topics: lack of interest by the Government in promotion; training of tour operators and guide; and managing the expected income from this industry. This study makes the masses aware that how much potential exist in the field of tourism in Pakistan. How the tour operators find huge potential in all segments of tourism and how the big force of trained manpower can be formed and creates employment. Service sector mostly run on equity finances because of lack of collateral, how efficiently they manage the finance for the business year. It gives details of extensive marketing strategy, the huge profit margin in foreign currency and cost volume profit systems of tourism companies.

Complexity academic level
BBA, MBA and MS.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
Effect of absorber plate surface shape and glass cover inclination angle on the performance of a passive solar still
Authors: Goshayeshi Hamid Reza , Safaei Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Solar-driven water desalination technologies are rapidly developing with various links to other renewable sources. However, the efficiency of such systems severely depends on the design parameters. This paper presents results from an investigation on the effect of the glass cover inclination angle on the performance of two stepped solar still geometries (flat and convex) and the amount of produced distilled water.

Design Methodology Approach
Studied inclination angles of 25°, 27.5°, 30°, 32.5° and 35° were chosen, while other design parameters were fixed.

Findings
The investigation showed that the unit with the convex absorber plate had higher average water daily production rate, compared to the output of the flat absorber plate unit. The results also depicted that the inclination angle of the still has a noticeable effect on the performance of solar stills. The value of the critical angle is 32.5°, and the higher inclination angle results in less heat transfer coefficient. This value can be used for design purposes and erases the typical assumption to use lower angles to optimize the productivity of the still.

Practical Implications
Finally, obtained data were used to correlate the Nusselt number for the flat and convex surfaces with different inclination angles of the glass cover.

Originality Value
The outcome of this investigation may find applications to develop highly efficient solar stills to secure more drinkable water in warm, dry lands.
High-order approximation for generalized fractional derivative and its application
Authors: Yadav Swati , Pandey Rajesh K. , Shukla Anil K. , Kumar Kamlesh 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to present a high-order scheme to approximate generalized derivative of Caputo type for μ ∈ (0,1). The scheme is used to find the numerical solution of generalized fractional advection-diffusion equation define in terms of the generalized derivative.

Design/methodology/approach
The Taylor expansion and the finite difference method are used for achieving the high order of convergence which is numerically demonstrated. The stability of the scheme is proved with the help of Von Neumann analysis.

Findings
Generalization of fractional derivatives using scale function and weight function is useful in modeling of many complex phenomena occurring in particle transportation. The numerical scheme provided in this paper enlarges the possibility of solving such problems.

Originality/value
The Taylor expansion has not been used before for the approximation of generalized derivative. The order of convergence obtained in solving generalized fractional advection-diffusion equation using the proposed scheme is higher than that of the schemes introduced earlier.
Redesigning the efficiency process analysis for working capital models
Authors: Seth Himanshu , Chadha Saurabh , Sharma Satyendra 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to get insights into working capital management (WCM) practices and the determinants of its efficiency prevailing in the Indian manufacturing sector using firm-specific as well as macro-economic variables by examining three efficiency models, i.e. cash conversion cycle (CCC), cash conversion efficiency (CCE) and net working capital level (NWCL).

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses panel data techniques on 1,207 firms of the Indian manufacturing sector, as well as on its nine key manufacturing industries from 2008 to 2018 for the analysis.

Findings
Several firm-specific variables such as net fixed asset ratio, size of the firm, profitability, firm’s growth, asset turnover ratio, age of the firm, interest rate and leverage have significant effect on WCM efficiency, whereas total assets growth rate, gross domestic product growth rate and inflation rate have insignificant effect on WCM efficiency.

Research limitations/implications
The study provides new empirical evidence on the short-term liquidity management of manufacturing firms prevailing in the developing countries such as India. The findings are particularly relevant in the present scenario when the liquidity levels are decelerating and there is a marked slowdown in private credit flows to the manufacturing sector due to the problem of burgeoning non-performing assets.

Originality/value
This study examines WCM efficiency exhaustively by incorporating both firm-specific and macro-economic variables using three efficiency measures, i.e. CCC, CCE and NWCL, results of which emerged as an answer to an efficient WCM.
To what extent does Sussex Recovery College reflect its community? An equalities and diversity audit
Authors: Meddings Sara , Walsh Lucy , Patmore Louise , McKenzie Katie Louise Emily , Holmes Sophie 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore whether one Recovery College reflects its community.

Design/methodology/approach
Recovery College students’ demographics and protected characteristics were compared with the general population and the population of people using local mental health services.

Findings
Recovery College students were representative of the local community in terms of ethnicity, religion or belief and sexual orientation. Fewer Recovery College students were over 60 years old or men.

Practical implications
Recovery Colleges may be more accessible to people who are often under-served and under-represented in mainstream mental health services, including people from BAME backgrounds and people who identify as LGBT. Recovery Colleges may need to engage more men and more older people. Recovery Colleges aim to be inclusive and open to all but need to ensure that this is a reality in practice.

Originality/value
This is the first study to explore who accesses Recovery Colleges and whether they are inclusive and open to all.
Measuring the word recognition abilities of children who are both verbal and nonverbal with ASD using a traditional paper‐based and a novel digital test format
Authors: Arnold Sharon , Reed Phil 
Published: July 2019

Approximately 30% of school‐aged individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are nonverbal (that is, they have little or no spontaneous spoken language). Most reading tests require verbalisation, which may under‐estimate reading ability in this group. To determine decoding abilities of nonverbal children with ASD (with an age range of 72 to 229 months), a novel digital form of reading assessment, comparable to the widely used New Salford Reading Test, was created. Three groups were tested: verbal ASD (n = 33); nonverbal ASD (n = 24); and verbal non‐ASD with a Statement of special educational needs (n = 24). Reading ages were compared for all three groups using the paper‐based version of the test, and a digital format that was not reliant on participants' ability to verbalise. The reading scores of nonverbal students with ASD were much lower than the scores of verbal students with ASD when tested with the paper version of the scale, but this difference was eradicated when the digitised version was employed. These results suggest that the use of the nonverbal digital test may offer a good assessment of the reading abilities of nonverbal children with ASD.
Use of an energy‐based/critical plane model to assess fatigue life under low‐cycle multiaxial cycles
Authors: Gan Lei , Wu Hao , Zhong Zheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor engineering components subjected to multiaxial loading, fatigue life prediction is crucial for guaranteeing their structural security and economic feasibility. In this respect, energy‐based models, integrating the stress and strain components, are widely used because of their availability in fatigue prediction. Through employing the plastic strain energy concept and critical plane approach, a new energy‐based model is proposed in this paper to evaluate the low‐cycle fatigue life, in which the critical plane is defined as the maximum damage plane. In the proposed model, a newly defined NP factor κ* is used to quantify the nonproportional (NP) effect so that the damage parameter can be conveniently calculated. Moreover, a simple estimation method of weight coefficient is developed, which can reflect different contributions of shear and normal plastic strain energy on total fatigue damage. Experimental data of 10 kinds of materials are employed to assess the effectiveness of this model as well as three other energy‐based models.
In the making: Open Creative Labs as an emerging topic in economic geography?
Authors: Schmidt Suntje 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the past 15 years, we have witnessed an upsurge of collaborative spaces providing an arena for individual and collective creativity, (co)creating craft‐based products, urban manufacturing, and experimentation with business or creative ideas using innovative technologies such as 3D printing or CNC milling machines. The discourses on spaces such as coworking, hacker‐ or makerspaces, accelerators, Fab Labs, and open workshops promise new communities, more innovation, and a transformation of work. This has called for interdisciplinary scholarly attention, primarily from organization and management studies, sociology, and entrepreneurship studies. However, little attention has so far been paid to this development from the perspective of geography. This paper employs Open Creative Labs as an umbrella term for the diversity of spaces and aims at, first, providing an overview of recent interdisciplinary perspectives on the functions of labs in coordinating creativity and entrepreneurship, as well as the motivations of users to utilize these spaces for their projects, and, second, offers an approach to a multiscalar spatial conceptualizations of labs. The paper concludes by exploring policy implications that may benefit from an economic‐geography perspective.
In vivo analysis of the presence of heme oxygenase‐1, transcription factor Jun‐D and CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45‐ cells in the pulp of bleached teeth
Authors: Benetti F. , Briso A. L. F. , de Araújo Lopes J. M. , Carminatti M. , Conti L. C. , Gallinari M. O. , Ervolino E. , Cintra L. T. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced responsiveness in pulp cells using heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) immunolabelling, Jun‐D immunolabelling to study the effects of H2O2 on odontoblastic differentiation and CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45‐ cell counting for in vivo identification of mesenchymal stem cells in the pulp.MethodologyThe maxillary molars of 50 rats were treated with a bleaching gel (35% H2O2, 1 × 30 min) or placebo gel (control groups). At 2, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after the treatment (n = 10), inflammation in pulp tissue was analysed by haematoxylin–eosin staining, HO‐1‐ and Jun‐D‐immunolabelled cells were counted in each third of the pulp chamber, and the number of CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45‐ cells was quantified by immunofluorescence. The results were assessed using the Paired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (P < 0.05).ResultsSignificant H2O2‐induced inflammation was noted at 2 and 3 days (P < 0.05), with tertiary dentine formation occurring from 7 days. The bleached specimens had greater HO‐1 immunolabelling in the middle and cervical thirds of the coronal pulp at 2 and 3 days, in all thirds at 7 days, and in the occlusal third at 15 days (P < 0.05), and significant nuclear Jun‐D immunolabelling in the cervical third at 2 and 3 days and in the occlusal and middle thirds at 7 days (P < 0.05). Bleached and control groups had low numbers of CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45‐ cells in the pulp at all periods (P > 0.05).ConclusionsPulp cells responded to oxidative stress by expressing HO‐1 during the post‐bleaching inflammation phase until the beginning of the repair phase. Jun‐D expression occurred during the reduction of inflammation and the beginning of tertiary dentine production. The presence of oxidative stress did not influence the number of CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45‐ cells identified in vivo in the dental pulp.
Nurse‐led post‐thoracic surgery pain management programme: its outcomes in a Nigerian Hospital
Authors: Odejobi Y.O. , Maneewat K. , Chittithavorn V. 
Published: July 2019

AimThe overarching aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a nurse‐led pain management programme on pain intensity, side effects of treatment, shoulder range of motion and length of stay after thoracic surgery.BackgroundPost‐thoracic surgical pain is a major source of stress and distress for patients. It has profound effects ranging from increased risks in developing chronic post‐thoracic surgery pain to an increased length of stay after surgery. The post‐thoracic surgical pain management in the Nigerian context is based on the traditional approach that is dependent on the attending medical and nursing staff.MethodsThe study was a quasi‐experimental design (two‐group post‐test only). The study was conducted in a Nigerian hospital. Forty‐two patients were recruited and consecutively assigned into either the usual pain management group or the intervention group after they had met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected utilizing the following: (1) the modified McGill Pain Questionnaire; (2) a Numeric Rating Scale; (3) the documentation form for thoracic surgery pain management outcomes and (4) a goniometer.ResultsThe findings indicated that pain intensity, nausea and drowsiness were significantly reduced among the patients in the experimental group than the control group, while the duration of stay after surgery and the shoulder range of motion were not different between the groups.ConclusionThis study's results suggest that the intervention in question for patients undergoing thoracic surgery had a positive effect on reducing pain intensity, nausea and drowsiness but not the shoulder range of motion and length of stay after surgery.Implications for nursing policyNursing policymakers may need to give a serious consideration to the revision of policies related to the nursing education curriculum as well as the in‐service training curriculum regarding pain management by nurses especially after surgery. Likewise, future research on other populations employing an improved methodology as well as utilizing up‐to‐date evidence by nurses across different hospitals may be necessary.
Extended distribution‐free newsvendor models with demand updates using experts’ judgment
Authors: Nagare Madhukar , Dutta Pankaj , Cheikhrouhou Naoufel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRetailers of short lifecycle products, such as life and style goods, are required to commit an order with their suppliers far ahead of their selling seasons using scant demand information. Most of the time, they practice pre‐season two‐stage single ordering (instants) model that provides an opportunity to modify an initial order based on an updated demand forecast obtained at a later stage. The present paper utilizes expert judgment to assess potential demand impacts of contextual information acquired between two instants to update the initial demand forecast. Additionally, the scant demand information available may not reveal the underlying demand distribution. In this context, we develop inventory models under distribution‐free newsvendor setting to determine optimal weight factor and order size, considering the updated demand forecast. The models consider bidirectional demand changes and different cases of demand variability: a constant variance case (CVC), a constant coefficient of variation case (CCVC), and a general case (GC). The models are further extended by subjecting them to constraints for practical considerations and to a multi‐item case. The closed‐form expressions are presented for the decision variables and the lower bound of expected profit and the results are discussed using numerical examples. The results show economic benefits in revising the demand forecast using expert judgment, the deleterious impact of constraints, and negative role of demand variability. In addition, a real‐life case study illustrates an assessment of potential demand impact and the applicability of the proposed models.
A new perspective on post‐earnings‐announcement‐drift: Using a relative drift measure
Authors: Clement Michael , Lee Joonho , Yong Kevin Ow 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrior research finds that there is a delayed reaction to both analyst‐based earnings surprises and random‐walk‐based earnings surprises. Focusing on the market reaction from the post‐announcement window, prior studies show that analyst‐based drift is larger than random walk‐based drift. This finding is counter‐intuitive if we believe large, sophisticated investors tend to trade on analysts’ forecast earnings news and thus react faster and more completely than smaller and less sophisticated investors react to random walk earnings news. In this study, we construct a relative measure of post‐earnings‐announcement drift (PEAD) (i.e., drift as a proportion of total market reaction to earnings news) which we refer to as the ‘drift ratio’, and we provide evidence, consistent with our intuition, that analyst‐based drift ratio is smaller (not greater) than random‐walk‐based drift ratio. We find that this difference is more pronounced in more recent periods and for firms with more sophisticated investors. Our approach to measure the PEAD is more intuitive than that in traditional PEAD literature. Our results thus complement existing research findings by utilizing the drift ratio measure to generate new insights about the drift phenomenon.
Does modality play a role? Visual‐verbal cognitive style and multimedia learning
Authors: Koć‐Januchta Marta M. , Höffler Tim N. , Eckhardt Marc , Leutner Detlev 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study presented in this paper aimed to examine the effect of visual and verbal cognitive style on learning from different types of visualization and modalities of explanatory text. Learning materials in the form of either computer‐based animation or a series of static pictures with written or spoken explanations were presented to 197 students. We found that a more developed visual cognitive style was related to a better learning outcome, when learning from a combination of static pictures and written text. Higher developed visualizers achieved poorer learning outcomes when learning with an animation and written text. The results are partially in line with an ability‐as‐compensator effect and the expertise reversal effect. Additionally, we found a modality effect as the versions with spoken text provided better results on learning outcome than the versions with written text regardless of the prominence of visual cognitive style. No significant interaction effects were found regarding verbal cognitive style.
Sex differences and gonadal hormone regulation of brain cardiolipin, a key mitochondrial phospholipid
Authors: Acaz‐Fonseca Estefania , Ortiz‐Rodriguez Ana , Garcia‐Segura Luis Miguel , Astiz Mariana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid that is almost exclusively located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells. As a result of its unique structure and distribution, CL establishes non‐covalent bonds with a long list of proteins involved in ATP production, mitochondria biogenesis, mitophagy and apoptosis. Thus, the amount of CL, as well as its fatty acid composition and location, strongly impacts upon mitochondrial‐dependent functions and therefore the metabolic homeostasis of different tissues. The brain is particularly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of its high metabolic demand. Several mitochondrial related‐neurodegenerative disorders, as well as physiological ageing, show altered CL metabolism. Furthermore, mice lacking enzymes involved in CL synthesis show cognitive impairments. CL content and metabolism are regulated by gonadal hormones in the developing and adult brain. In neuronal cultures, oestradiol increases CL content, whereas adult ovariectomy decreases CL content and alters CL metabolism in the hippocampal mitochondria. Transient sex differences in brain CL metabolism have been detected during development. At birth, brain CL has a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the brain of male mice than in the brain of females. In addition, the expression of enzymes involved in CL de novo and recycling synthetic pathways is higher in males. Most of these sex differences are abolished by the neonatal androgenisation of females, suggesting a role for testosterone in the generation of sex differences in brain CL. The regulation of brain CL by gonadal hormones may be linked to their homeostatic and protective actions in neural cells, as well as the manifestation of sex differences in neurodegenerative disorders.