bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological correction of periodontitis using synthetic analogues of indolicidin
Authors: Kutepov Igor V. , Lyashev Yuri D. 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The leading role of pathogenic microorganisms in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is beyond doubt. However, the use of antibiotics for periodontitis is associated with a number of problems. Indolicidins have a unique anti-microbial effect. The relevance of the search for new drugs for the treatment of acute periodontitis based on the natural indolicidin peptide becomes obvious.
Materials and methods: The investigation was performed on 320 Wistar male rats, using synthetic analogues of natural indolicidin: No. 7 and No. 8, which were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 500 µg/kg in a volume of 0.2 ml once a day for 7 days. Periodontitis was simulated in animals according to the method proposed by Volozhin A.I. and Vinogradova S.I.
Results and discussion: The correcting effect of indolicidin analogues on the periodontitis course, was manifested by a decrease in edema and in the relative area of cell infiltrates, a significant increase in the relative area of normal tissue, and a correction of the periodontal composition. The use of indolicidin analogues led to an increase in the functional activity of neutrophils and macrophages, acute phase proteins concentration, a correction of pro-oxidantantioxidant balance and production of vasoactive substances. The effect of indolicidin analogues was higher than that of lincomycin. The greater effectiveness of peptide No.8 compared to that of No.7 was established.
Conclusion: The investigation opens up the prospects of the synthesis of new antimicrobial drugs on the basis of the synthetic analogues of indolicidin.
The value of extended amygdala structures in emotive effects of narcogenic with diverse chemical structure
Authors: Roik Roman O. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Shabanov Petr D. 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Studies on the mechanisms of the reinforcing action of opioid and non-opioid narcotics confirmed the existence in the brain of a specialized system named the extended amygdala.
Materials and methods: To clarify the value of the extended amygdala structures (bed nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens shell) in the mechanisms of unconditioned and conditioned reinforcement activated by various narcogenic, this paper carried out a neuropharmacological analysis of these effects, using blockade of dopamine receptors, GABA, opioids and CRF receptors within these brain structures, as well as an analysis of behavioral responses by self-stimulation (unconditioned reinforcement) and conditioned place preference (CPP) (conditioned reinforcement).
Results and discussion: The central amygdala and the bed nucleus have a controlling influence on the hypothalamus, which is predominantly of CRF-, GABA- and dopaminergic nature. Through D1 dopamine receptors,, a direct positive (activating) effect on the lateral hypothalamus is made. The D2 receptor blockade of the nucleus accumbens prevents narcogenic from exerting the reinforcing properties, which are primarily stimulating. The blockade of the D1 receptors of the nucleus accumbens by SCH-23390 prevents the expression of unconditioned and conditioned reinforcing properties of predominantly opiates and opioids. The blockade of GABAA receptors in the nucleus accumbens with bicuculline prevents the manifestation of the primary and secondary reinforcing properties (CPP) of psychostimulant drugs (amphetamine), without affecting the effects of opiates and opioids (fentanyl and leu-enkephalin).
Conclusion: The pharmacological analysis proves that CRF, dopamine and GABA receptors are most important for the correction of reinforcement activated by various narcogenic.
Synthesis, structure and hydrogen sorption properties of a pyrazine-bridged copper(I) nitrate metal-organic framework
Authors: Nfor Emmanuel Ngwang , Burrows Andrew David , Ndosiri Bridget Ndoye , Keenan Luke Lawrence , Offiong Offiong Efanga 
Published: September 2019

A new copper(I) pyrazine-bridged coordination polymer [Cu2(pyz)3(NO3)2]·2DMF] (pyz = pyrazine) (1) has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, TG/DTG, DSC and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The X-ray crystallographic result reveals a two-dimensional network structure containing hexagonal pores. Thermal analysis of compound 1 reveals it is stable to 380 °C, and gas sorption studies showed that it adsorbs 1.04 wt% hydrogen at 1 atm and 77 K. Compound 1 crystallizes in a triclinic system, space group P-1 (no. 2), a = 7.9550(2) Å, b = 7.9810(2) Å, c = 11.0660(3) Å, α = 76.328(1)°, β = 71.115(1)°, γ = 84.577(1)°, V = 645.79(3) Å3, Z = 2, T = 150(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 1.709 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.639 g/cm3, 11111 reflections measured (7° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 54.96°), 2951 unique (Rint = 0.0539) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0346 (>2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.0727 (all data).
Structural and photoluminescent studies of non-centrosymmetric manganese(II) N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-(L)-alanine) dicyanamide
Authors: Ndosiri Bridget Ndoye , Nono Katia Nchimi , Awawou Paboudam Gbambie , Nfor Emmanuel Ngwang , Mohamadou Aminou , Marrot Jerome , Teke Peter Ndifon 
Published: September 2019

The dinuclear compound, [Mn2(Pyala)2(Dca)2(H2O)]n·2H2O (1) (Pyala = N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-L-alanine and Dca = dicyanamide anion) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The crystal data for C22H26Mn2N10O6: orthorhombic, space group P212121 (no. 19), a = 10.3728(8) Å, b = 15.9780(12) Å, c = 16.3585(13) Å, V = 2711.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, T = 198(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.989 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.559 g/cm3, 129607 reflections measured (3.564° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 60.046°), 7923 unique (Rint = 0.0324, Rsigma = 0.0155) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0169 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.0458 (all data). The obtained non-centrosymmetric dinuclear Mn(II) complex contains two unique Mn(II) cations with similar octahedral coordination environment. Photoluminescent measurements on the complex in the solid state show that it displays strong photoluminescence at 442 nm.
Contributions of climate change and groundwater extraction to soil moisture trends
Authors: Wang Longhuan , Xie Zhenghui , Jia Binghao , Xie Jinbo , Wang Yan , Liu Bin , Li Ruichao , Chen Si 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Climate change affects water availability for soil, and groundwater extraction influences water redistribution by altering water demand, both of which significantly affect soil moisture. Quantifying their relative contribution to the changes in soil moisture will further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the global water cycle. In this study, two groups of simulations were conducted with and without groundwater (GW) extraction (estimated based on local water supply and demand) from 1979 to 2010 using the Chinese Academy of Sciences land surface model, CAS-LSM, with four global meteorological forcing datasets (GSWP3, PRINCETON, CRU-NCEP, and WFDEI). To investigate the contribution of climate change and GW extraction, a trajectory-based method was used. Comparing the simulated results with the in situ dataset of the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) and the satellite-based soil moisture product of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) indicated that the CAS-LSM reasonably reproduced the distribution of soil moisture and matched the temporal changes well. Globally, our results suggested a significant decreasing trend in surface soil moisture (0–10 cm, 0.98×10-4 mm3 mm−3 yr−1) over the 32-year period tested. The drying trends were mainly observed in arid regions such as the tropical desert regions in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, while the wetting trends were primarily in tropical forested areas in South America and northeastern Asia. Climate change contributed 101.2 % and 90.7 % to global drying and wetting trends of surface soil moisture, respectively, while GW extraction accounted for −1.2 % and 9.3 %, respectively. In deep soil, GW extraction contributed 1.37 % and −3.21 % to the drying and wetting trends, respectively. The weak influence of GW extraction may be because this activity occurs in limited areas. GW extraction contributed more than 35 % to the change in surface soil moisture in wetting areas where GW overexploitation occurs. GW is mainly extracted for irrigation to alleviate soil water stress in semiarid regions that receive limited precipitation, thereby slowing the drying trend and accelerating the wetting trend of surface soil. However, GW exploitation weakens the hydraulic connection between the soil and aquifer, leading to deeper soils drying up. Overall, climate change dominated the soil moisture trends,
but the effect of GW extraction cannot be ignored.
Por entre narrativas e documentos escritos: uma História da escola primária no Sul de Sergipe (1930-1960)
Authors: Barreto Raylane Andreza Dias Navrro , Santos Laísa Dias 
Published: September 2019

Sob inspiração da História Cultural, neste artigo o objetivo foi analisar os diferentes tipos de escolas primárias existentes nos territórios centro-sul e sul do estado de Sergipe entre os anos de 1930 e 1960. A análise que privilegiou o cruzamento de documentos escritos e memórias de professores revelou que a revelia das reformas educativas e do ideal de escola que elas pressupunham, a sua configuração esteve subordinada aos financiamentos e planos nacionais, mais principalmente, às condições políticas, materiais, culturais e intelectuais dos atores que estiveram diretamente envolvidos em seus específicos processos. Nesse sentido, a união da narrativa e de discursos oficias, possibilitou a compreensão de uma pluralidade de sentidos que além de agregarem características particulares à história da escola primária sergipana, também abre possibilidades para novas versões e escrita da história.
Seleção e os usos dos livros didáticos de História para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: algumas questões a partir do olhar de duas professoras
Authors: Silva Cristiani Bereta da , João David De Souza 
Published: September 2019

A presente discussão constitui recorte de pesquisa mais abrangente desenvolvida no mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UDESC, que investiga as escolhas, representações e usos dos livros didáticos de História de duas professoras que atuam nos 4o e 5o anos do Ensino Fundamental, em escolas públicas estaduais de Laguna/SC. Neste artigo o objetivo é discutir as relações estabelecidas entre as prescrições e avaliações do Estado relativas ao livro didático e as expectativas e representações construídas e reelaboradas pelas professoras, a partir de suas experiências no decorrer do processo de escolha dos livros, no PNLD de 2013. As análises apoiam-se principalmente em entrevistas orais realizadas com duas professoras, nomeadas na pesquisa de Joana e Maria. Neste trabalho, que se utiliza da metodologia da história oral, as fontes orais são compreendidas como possibilidades narrativas portadoras de significados, sujeitas a elaborações subjetivas, versões e interpretações feitas de lembranças, simulações, esquecimentos e ocultações. O interesse principal recai na singularidade com que essas professoras utilizam o livro didático de História e sobre como as políticas públicas voltadas ao livro e ao ensino de História ressoam em seu cotidiano de trabalho e aparecem reelaboradas em suas narrativas. Palavras-chave: livro didático de História; anos iniciais; ensino de História.
The Mw 6.3 Abruzzo (Italy) earthquake of April 6th, 2009
Authors: Oyarzo-Vera Claudio , Griffith Michael C. 
Published: September 2019

On April 6th, 2009, at 3:32 am local time, a Mw 6.3 earthquake struck the Abruzzo region in Italy. This earthquake killed 305 people, with a further 1,500 people injured and approximately 15,000 buildings damaged. Many buildings of significant historical and architectural value were destroyed and several modern buildings were also severely damaged with some having fully collapsed.
The authors visited the disaster zone one month after the earthquake. The most badly affected areas in L’Aquila historical centre and three other villages – San Gregorio, Pagánica and Onna – were inspected.
The main observations made during this reconnaissance trip are briefly presented, highlighting the relevant lessons for engineering practice in New Zealand and Australia.
Building safety evaluation following the 30 September 2009 Padang earthquake, Indonesia
Authors: Brunsdon Dave , Bothara Jitendra , Stannard Mike , Beetham Dick , Brown Roger , Hyland Clark , Lewis Warren , Miller Scott , Sanders Rebecca , Sulistio Yakso 
Published: September 2019

A ten-member team of engineers was deployed by NZAID and the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering to assist Indonesian local and provincial agencies with rapid structural assessments of earthquake-affected buildings in and around Padang. This was the first time that a team of New Zealand engineers had been operationally deployed outside the Pacific region following a major earthquake.
An accompanying paper describes the earthquake and its impacts, and the general observations of the team. This paper outlines the experiences of a team of 10 New Zealand structural engineers deployed on a volunteer basis for two weeks to undertake the deployment process, the arrangements that the team operated under in Padang, the tasks undertaken and the outputs and outcomes achieved. The lessons for building safety evaluation processes in New Zealand are also presented, along with the resulting enhancements to arrangements.
Performance of residential houses in the Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake
Authors: Buchanan Andrew H. , Newcombe Michael P. 
Published: September 2019

This paper focuses on the observed seismic performance of residential houses (mainly single-storey and two-storey houses) in the Darfield earthquake on 4 September 2010 and identifies potential research areas for remediation and resilience.
Overall the residential building stock, consisting predominately of light timber frame construction, performed very well, with very little structural damage due to ground shaking. The most significant structural damage to houses was from differential settlement of foundations, induced by soil liquefaction and/or lateral spreading. Many older buildings (more than 20 years old) suffered damage due to falling chimneys. Close to the fault rupture, in areas such as West Melton and Rolleston, there was significant damage to building contents due to strong shaking, and a few broken windows. Away from the fault zone, very few windows were broken in any buildings, indicating limited inter-storey drift.
Research needs were identified associated mainly with the design and repair of houses on liquefaction-prone soils.
Observations of the performance of earth buildings following the September 2010 Darfield earthquake
Authors: Morris Hugh , Walker Richard , Drupsteen Thijs 
Published: September 2019

A reconnaissance survey of earth walled buildings in the Canterbury area was carried out in mid October 2010 following the Darfield Earthquake. Fifteen earth walled buildings were inspected during the survey including historic earthbuildings and recently constructed reinforced earthbuildings.
Reinforced earth houses constructed since the 1990s performed well provided the overall wall bracing was adequate and detailing of the reinforcement and connections was generally in accordance with the NZ Earth Building Standards. Several unreinforced earth buildings constructed before 1930 (or reconstructed historic buildings) suffered significant structural damage and will require reconstruction or substantial repair. Unreinforced rammed earth buildings, and reinforced cinva ram brick buildings, constructed between 1930 and 1990 with reinforced concrete foundations and bond beams and adequate overall wall bracing generally performed moderately well given the level of shaking they experienced.
Minor cracking was observed in all but one of modern houses, performance was good where reinforcement and construction complied with the New Zealand Standards. Where buildings did not comply the damage could have been prevented by following the Standards.
Damage to potable water reservoirs in the Darfield earthquake
Authors: Davey Robert A. 
Published: September 2019

The Mw 7.1 earthquake that struck 40 km west of Christchurch on 4 September 2010 provided a good test of the robustness of the water storage and distribution system of one of our major cities to provide a secure supply of water.
In this paper we present damage data from inspections of 54 reservoirs that were undertaken on behalf of Christchurch City Council and other owners. These included concrete, steel and timber tanks, five of which collapsed and four severely damaged.
Memoria cultural en el Egipto Faraónico. Algunas reflexiones sobre su origen, función y pervivencia histórica.
Authors: Pérez Largacha Antonio 
Published: September 2019

Los estudios de J. Assmann sobre las características que tiene la memoria cultural en las primeras civilizaciones han originado diferentes debates además de haber abierto nuevas líneas de investigación. En este trabajo analizaremos qué se entiende por memoria cultural para, posteriormente, buscar los orígenes de dicha memoria cultural del Egipto Faraónico cuando apareció el Estado y en tiempos predinásticos. Con posterioridad comprobaremos cómo la memoria cultural pervivió en el Egipto faraónico a lo largo de más tres mil años de historia. Una memoria cultural que se transmitió a través de los textos y, especialmente, de una forma visual con los monumentos, funerarios o no, que transmitían no solo unas creencias funerarias, también una concepción del mundo en el que los antiguos egipcios vivieron. La estrecha relación que existió entre dicha memoria cultural y lo que los antiguos egipcios veían en su entorno explica la perdurabilidad, no solo de sus creencias, también de una civilización que fue capaz de emitir unos mensajes que eran entendidos por todos los miembros de la sociedad.
J. Assmann’s studies on the characteristics observed by the phenomenon known as cultural memory in the earliest civilizations have given rise to various debates and, at the same time, it has opened new lines of research. In this paper, we shall discuss the concept of cultural memory in the Pharaonic Egypt and its origin in predynastic times and whe the State was created. Pharaonic Egypt. A cultural memory that survived through over three thousand years of history. A cultural memory which was transmitted through the texts and, especially, in a visual way with the monuments, funerary or not, that transmitted not only religious beliefs, but also a conception of the world in which the ancient Egyptians lived. The close relationship which existed between the aforementioned cultural memory and what the ancient Egyptians saw in their environment, explain the strength not only of their beliefs, but also of a civilization that was able to emit messages that were understood by all the members of the society.
La “Sala del Fresco” de Micenas. Revisión de las interpretaciones del programa iconográfico y nueva lectura en relación a los espacios.
Authors: Huerta Segovia Pelayo 
Published: September 2019

En el presente estudio se aborda el programa iconográfico de la “Sala del Fresco” de Micenas con el objetivo de entender el significado de las pinturas, el propósito por el cual fueron concebidas, así como su relación con la actividad ritual del lugar. Para ello, revisando las teorías existentes, se procederá al análisis y a la interpretación de cada una de las figuras y de los motivos decorativos. Por último, se atiende al contexto arqueológico de la estancia y del resto de espacios con el fin de establecer un posible vínculo con otras salas vecinas del “Centro cultual”, cuya relación es clave para una nueva lectura de las pinturas.
The present study addresses the iconographic program of the ‘Room 31’ at Mycenae with the aim of understanding the meaning of the paintings, the purpose for which they were created as well as their relationship with the ritual activity carried out in the place. To that end, while reviewing the existing theories, we will proceed to the analysis and interpretation of each figure and the decorative motifs. To conclude, we will keep in mind the archaeological context of the room and the rest of the spaces in order to determinate a possible link with other nearby rooms of the ‘Cultual Center’, whose relationship is essential to give a new interpretation of the paintings.
Computational analysis of functional SNPs in Alzheimer’s disease-associated endocytosis genes
Authors: Tey Han Jieh , Ng Chong Han 
Published: September 2019

Background
From genome wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it has been shown that many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes of different pathways affect the disease risk. One of the pathways is endocytosis, and variants in these genes may affect their functions in amyloid precursor protein (APP) trafficking, amyloid-beta (Aβ) production as well as its clearance in the brain. This study uses computational methods to predict the effect of novel SNPs, including untranslated region (UTR) variants, splice site variants, synonymous SNPs (sSNPs) and non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in three endocytosis genes associated with AD, namely PICALM, SYNJ1 and SH3KBP1.

Materials and Methods
All the variants’ information was retrieved from the Ensembl genome database, and then different variation prediction analyses were performed. UTRScan was used to predict UTR variants while MaxEntScan was used to predict splice site variants. Meta-analysis by PredictSNP2 was used to predict sSNPs. Parallel prediction analyses by five different software packages including SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Mutation Assessor, I-Mutant2.0 and SNPs&GO were used to predict the effects of nsSNPs. The level of evolutionary conservation of deleterious nsSNPs was further analyzed using ConSurf server. Mutant protein structures of deleterious nsSNPs were modelled and refined using SPARKS-X and ModRefiner for structural comparison.

Results
A total of 56 deleterious variants were identified in this study, including 12 UTR variants, 18 splice site variants, eight sSNPs and 18 nsSNPs. Among these 56 deleterious variants, seven variants were also identified in the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Mount Sinai Brain Bank (MSBB) studies.

Discussion
The 56 deleterious variants were predicted to affect the regulation of gene expression, or have functional impacts on these three endocytosis genes and their gene products. The deleterious variants in these genes are expected to affect their cellular function in endocytosis and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of AD as well. The biological consequences of these deleterious variants and their potential impacts on the disease risks could be further validated experimentally and may be useful for gene-disease association study.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Borylative Cyclization of Cyclohexadienone‐Containing 1,6‐Dienes
Authors: He Cheng‐Yu , Li Qing‐Hua , Wang Xin , Wang Feng , Tian Ping , Lin Guo‐Qiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDue to the low reactivity of 1,6‐dienes and the challenge of selectively differentiating such two olefins, the development of metal‐catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of 1,6‐dienes remains largely underdeveloped. Herein, we describe the first copper(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric borylative cyclization of cyclohexadienone‐tethered terminal alkenes (1,6‐dienes) via a tandem process: the regioselective borocupration of the electron‐rich terminal alkene and subsequent conjugate addition of stereospecific secondary alkyl‐copper(I) to the electron‐deficient cyclohexadienone, affording enantioenriched bicyclic skeletons bearing three contiguous stereocenters in all cis‐form. Meanwhile, this mild catalytic protocol is generally compatible with a wide range of functional groups, which allows further facile conversion of the cyclization products.magnified image