bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor adaptations to trunk perturbation: effects of experimental back pain and spinal tissue creep
Authors: Abboud Jacques , Daneau Catherine , Nougarou François , Dugas Claude , Descarreaux Martin 
Published: July 2018

In complex anatomical systems, such as the trunk, motor control theories suggest that many motor solutions can be implemented to achieve a similar goal. Although reflex mechanisms act as a stabilizer of the spine, how the central nervous system uses trunk redundancy to adapt neuromuscular responses under the influence of external perturbations, such as experimental pain or spinal tissue creep, is still unclear. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize trunk neuromuscular adaptations in response to unexpected trunk perturbations under the influence of spinal tissue creep and experimental back pain. Healthy participants experienced a repetition of sudden external trunk perturbations in two protocols: 1) 15 perturbations before and after a spinal tissue creep protocol and 2) 15 perturbations with and without experimental back pain. Trunk neuromuscular adaptations were measured by using high-density electromyography to record erector spinae muscle activity recruitment patterns and a motion analysis system. Muscle activity reflex attenuation was found across unexpected trunk perturbation trials under the influence of creep and pain. A similar area of muscle activity distribution was observed with or without back pain as well as before and after creep. No change of trunk kinematics was observed. We conclude that although under normal circumstances muscle activity adaptation occurs throughout the same perturbations, a reset of the adaptation process is present when experiencing a new perturbation such as experimental pain or creep. However, participants are still able to attenuate reflex responses under these conditions by using variable recruitment patterns of back muscles. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study characterizes, for the first time, trunk motor adaptations with high-density surface electromyography when the spinal system is challenged by a series of unexpected perturbations. We propose that the central nervous system is able to adapt neuromuscular responses by using a variable recruitment pattern of back muscles to maximize the motor performance, even under the influence of pain or when the passive structures of the spine are altered.
IL-6 Mediates Cross-Talk between Tumor Cells and Activated Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Karakasheva Tatiana A. , Lin Eric W. , Tang Qiaosi , Qiao Edmund , Waldron Todd J. , Soni Monica , Klein-Szanto Andres J. , Sahu Varun , Basu Devraj , Ohashi Shinya , Baba Kiichiro , Giaccone Zachary T. , Walker Sarah R. , Frank David A. , Wileyto E. Paul , Long Qi , Dunagin Margaret C. , Raj Arjun , Diehl J. Alan , Wong K.K. , Bass Adam J. , Rustgi Anil K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple cancer types, including upper-gastrointestinal (GI) cancers that currently lack effective therapeutic options. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are an essential component of the TME, contributing to tumorigenesis by secreting growth factors, modifying the extracellular matrix, supporting angiogenesis, and suppressing antitumor immune responses. Through an unbiased approach, we have established that IL-6 mediates cross-talk between tumor cells and CAF not only by supporting tumor cell growth, but also by promoting fibroblast activation. As a result, IL-6 receptor (IL6Rα) and downstream effectors offer opportunities for targeted therapy in upper-GI cancers. IL-6 loss suppressed tumorigenesis in physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) organotypic and 3D tumoroid models and murine models of esophageal cancer. Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6Rα antibody, suppressed tumor growth in vivo in part via inhibition of STAT3 and MEK/ERK signaling. Analysis of a pan-cancer TCGA dataset revealed an inverse correlation between IL-6 and IL6Rα overexpression and patient survival. Therefore, we expanded evaluation of tocilizumab to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patient-derived xenografts and gastric adenocarcinoma xenografts, demonstrating suppression of tumor growth and altered STAT3 and ERK1/2 gene signatures. We used small-molecule inhibitors of STAT3 and MEK1/2 signaling to suppress tumorigenesis in the 3D organotypic model of esophageal cancer. We demonstrate that IL6 is a major contributor to the dynamic cross-talk between tumor cells and CAF in the TME. Our findings provide a translational rationale for inhibition of IL6Rα and downstream signaling pathways as a novel targeted therapy in oral–upper-GI cancers.
Significance: These findings demonstrate the interaction of esophageal cancer and cancer-associated fibroblasts through IL-6 signaling, providing rationale for a novel therapeutic approach to target these cancers. Cancer Res; 78(17); 4957–70. ©2018 AACR.
A Comparison of Foster Care Reentry After Adoption in Two Large U.S. States
Authors: Rolock Nancy , White Kevin R. , Ocasio Kerrie , Zhang Lixia , MacKenzie Michael J. , Fong Rowena 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: This study examines foster care reentry after adoption, in Illinois and New Jersey. The provision of services and supports to adoptive families have garnered recent attention due to concern about the long-term stability of adoptive homes. Method: This study used administrative data to examine the pre-adoption characteristics associated with post-adoption foster care reentry. Children were tracked longitudinally, using administrative data, for five to fifteen years (depending on their date of adoption), or the age of majority. Results: Results indicated that most (95%) children did not reenter foster care after adoption. Findings from survival models suggested key covariates that may help to identify children most at risk for post-adoption reentry: child race, age at adoption, number of placement moves in foster care, and time spent in foster care prior to adoption. Conclusion: Study findings may help identify families most at-risk for post-adoption difficulties in order to develop preventative adoption service.
How I treat primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Giulino-Roth Lisa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The World Health Organization now recognizes primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) as a unique clinical and biologic entity. PMBCL is distinct from other B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes and has features that overlap with classical Hodgkin lymphoma, including a peak incidence in the adolescent and young adult population, mediastinal presentation of disease, and molecular alterations in JAK2 and programmed death ligands. Because PMBCL is rare, there are few prospective clinical trials to guide therapy, resulting in no single standard of care. Given the long life expectancy of survivors of PMBCL, treatment approaches must balance maximizing cure while minimizing long-term toxicity. In this article, I review my approach to the treatment of PMBCL, incorporating data from adult and pediatric studies, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of PMBCL.
Intermittent screening and treatment with artemether–lumefantrine versus intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for malaria in pregnancy: a facility-based, open-label, non-inferiority trial in Nigeria
Authors: Esu Ekpereonne , Berens-Riha Nicole , Pritsch Michael , Nwachuku Nuria , Loescher Thomas , Meremikwu Martin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background
The spread of SP resistance may compromise the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (MiP) with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) across Africa. However, there is no recommended alternative medicine for IPTp or alternative strategy for prevention of MiP. This poses problems for the prevention of MiP. This study investigated, whether screening with a rapid diagnostic test for malaria at routine antenatal clinic attendances and treatment of only those who are positive (intermittent screening and treatment) with artemether–lumefantrine is as effective and safe as IPTp-SP in pregnant women.

Methods
During antenatal clinic sessions at the General Hospital Calabar, Nigeria, held between October 2013 and November 2014, 459 pregnant women were randomized into either the current standard IPTp-SP or intermittent screening and treatment with artemether–lumefantrine (ISTp-AL). All women received a long-lasting insecticide-treated net at enrolment. Study women had a maximum of four scheduled visits following enrolment. Haemoglobin concentration and peripheral parasitaemia were assessed in the third trimester (36–40 weeks of gestation). Birth weight was documented at delivery or within a week for babies delivered at home.

Results
In the third trimester, the overall prevalence of severe anaemia (Hb < 8 g/dl) and moderate (8–10.9 g/dl) anaemia was 0.8 and 27.7%, respectively, and was similar in both treatment groups (p = 0.204). The risk of third-trimester severe anaemia did not differ significantly between both treatment arms (risk difference − 1.75% [95% CI − 4.16 to 0.66]) although the sample was underpowered for this outcome due to several participants being unavailable to give a blood sample. The risk of third-trimester maternal parasitaemia was significantly lower in the ISTp-AL arm (RD − 3.96% [95% CI − 7.76 to − 0.16]). The risk of low birthweight was significantly lower in the ISTp-AL arm after controlling for maternal age, gravidity and baseline parasitaemia (risk difference − 1.53% [95% CI − 1.54 to − 1.15]). Women in the ISTp-AL arm complained of fever more frequently compared to women in the IPTp-SP arm (p = 0.022).

Conclusions
The trial results suggest that in an area of high malaria transmission with moderate sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine resistance, ISTp with artemether–lumefantrine may be an effective strategy for controlling malaria in pregnancy.
Trial registration PACTR, PACTR201308000543272. Registered 29 April 2013, http://www.pactr.org/ATMWeb/appmanager/atm/atmregistry?dar=true&tNo=PACTR201308000543272
Feasibility of a novel liquid fiducial marker for use in image guided radiotherapy of oesophageal cancer
Authors: de Blanck Steen Riisgaard , Scherman-Rydhög Jonas , Siemsen Mette , Christensen Merete , Baeksgaard Lene , Irming Jølck Rasmus , Specht Lena , Andresen Thomas Lars , Persson Gitte Fredberg 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
To evaluate the feasibility of a new liquid fiducial marker for use in image-guided radiotherapy for oesophageal cancer.

Methods:
Liquid fiducial markers were implanted in patients with metastatic or inoperable locally advanced oesophageal or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer receiving radiotherapy. Markers were implanted using a conventional gastroscope equipped with a 22 G Wang needle. Marker visibility was evaluated on fluoroscopy, CT, MRI and cone beam CT scans.

Results:
Liquid markers (n = 16) were injected in four patients. No Grade 2 or worse adverse events were observed in relation to the implantation procedure, during treatment or in the follow-up period. 12/16 (75%) markers were available at the planning CT-scan and throughout the treatment- and follow-up period. The implanted markers were adequately visible in CT and cone beam CT but were difficult to distinguish in fluoroscopy and MRI without information from the corresponding CT image.

Conclusion:
Liquid fiducial marker placement in the oesophagus proved safe and clinically feasible.

Advances in knowledge:
This paper presents the first clinical use of a new liquid fiducial marker in patients with oesophageal cancer and demonstrates that marker implantation using standard gastroscopic equipment and subsequent use in three-dimensional image-guided radiation therapy is safe and clinically feasible.
eXamine: Visualizing annotated networks in Cytoscape
Authors: Spohr Philipp , Dinkla Kasper , Klau Gunnar W. , El-Kebir Mohammed 
Published: July 2018

eXamine is a Cytoscape app that displays set membership as contours on top of a node-link layout of a small graph. In addition to facilitating interpretation of enriched gene sets of small biological networks, eXamine can be used in other domains such as the visualization of communities in small social networks. eXamine was made available on the Cytoscape App Store in March 2014, has since registered more than 7,700 downloads, and has been highly rated by more than 25 users. In this paper, we present eXamine's new automation features that enable researchers to compose reproducible analysis workflows to generate visualizations of small, set-annotated graphs.
An Empirical Analysis of Consumer Purchase Behavior of Base Products and Add-ons Given Compatibility Constraints
Authors: Liu Xiao , Derdenger Timothy , Sun Baohong 
Published: July 2018

Despite the common practice of multiple standards in the high-technology product industry, there is a lack of knowledge on how compatibility between base products and add-ons affects consumer purchase decisions at the brand and/or standard level. We recognize the existence of compatibility constraints and develop a dynamic model in which a consumer makes periodic purchase decisions on whether to adopt/replace a base and/or an add-on product under the expectation of future price, quality, and compatibility. Dynamic and interactive inventory effects are included by allowing consumers to account for the long-term financial implications when planning to switch to a base product that is incompatible with their inventory of add-ons. Applying the model to the consumer purchase history of digital cameras and memory cards from 1998 to 2004, we demonstrate that the inventory of add-ons significantly affects the purchase of base products. This “lock-in” effect is enhanced when future prices of add-ons increase. Interestingly, it is more costly for consumers to switch from Sony to other brands than vice versa. In two policy simulations, we explore the impact of alternative compatibility policies. For example, if Sony had not created its proprietary Memory Stick, the market share of its cameras would have been reduced by 6 percentage points. This result provides important insights that leading brands and early movers should implement a proprietary standard. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1080 .
Managing the immunosuppressed adult traveller
Authors: Gawthrop Mary 
Published: July 2018

The number of immunosuppressed individuals travelling is increasing. Mary Gawthrop explains the important points to consider when advising these travellers Immunosuppression is defined as the suppression of the body's immune system and its ability to fight infections and other diseases. The number of immunosuppressed individuals travelling is increasing. As practice nurses deliver the majority of travel health services in the UK, it is important that they are familiar with appropriate sources of advice. Immunosuppressed travellers should be aware that they are vulnerable to developing significant complications if they contract opportunistic infections while travelling. Practice nurses should have the confidence to seek advice from an immunosuppressed traveller's hospital specialist if appropriate, with the consent of the traveller.
Broadening the horizons of student nurses: It's not all about acute care
Authors: Brindley Allison , Carroll Rachael 
Published: July 2018

Allison Brindley and Rachael Carroll discuss their experience of increasing the number of placements available for student nurses in primary care It is important to increase the number of pre-registration nursing placements in general practice to ensure students are aware of the options available to them in primary care. De Montfort University were invited to deliver a workshop on this topic at the annual Midlands and East General Practice Nursing Conference. The workshop aimed to provoke discussion about increasing the number of student nurses on placement in general practice and for facilitators to gain a better understanding of the enablers and barriers. Participants were divided into two groups for discussion: the experienced voice and the student voice. Both groups fed back a summary of their conversation. The workshop was an opportunity for student nurses and professionals to come together and explore the benefits of providing placements in general practice.
Cell dedifferentiation and multiplication of Burdock (Arctium Lappa) as a medicinal plant
Authors: Zebarjadi Alireza , Kazem Samaneh , Kahrizi Danial 
Published: July 2018

Arctium lappa L. (Burdock) is an important plant with various pharmacological effects. According to the importance of this plant, optimization of its tissue culture will lead to more investigation and application of it. The aim of this study was to develop protocols for callus induction and shoot regeneration of A. lappa. In order to optimize of tissue culture in A. lappa, callus induction, indirect regeneration and direct regeneration were carried out in factorial experiment based on Completely Randomized Designs (CRDs). Hypocotyl and cotyledon were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) for callus induction. In indirect regeneration experiment various levels of BAP and Î±-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and two types of explants (calli derived from cotyledon and hypocotyl) were investigated. In direct regeneration section, various levels of BAP plus 2 mg/l NAA and different explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl and bud) were compared. In both cotyledon and hypocotyl, the maximum callus induction was observed on a media containing 2 mg/l 2,4-D plus 1 mg/l BAP (100% and 76.19% respectively). The highest percentage of indirect regeneration (65%) was observed at 1 mg/l BAP plus 0.5 mg/l NAA on calli from hypocotyl. The highest percentage of direct regeneration (90.33) was observed in hypocotyl with a lateral bud explant on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP plus 2 mg/l NAA. In this study, optimization of tissue culture protocol for A. lappa was carried out as a research technique, as well as technique for further exploitation of this plant.
El realismo mágico en "Juan Girador"
Authors: Arguedas María Eugenia 
Published: July 2018

El realismo mágico es un elemento vital en el "Juan girador" una de las leyendas en "El espejo de Lida Sal". Este análisis comprende el barroco y el mito y la leyenda, todos los cuales aparecen en diferentes niveles textuales, dando como resultado una creación literaria altamente inusual. La leyenda se analiza como una narración corta que se utiliza para presentar una realidad mítica. Se da especial importancia al uso de Asturias de un elemento puramente latinoamericano, el indio, como una contribución significativa a nuestra literatura.Magic realism constitutes a vital element in "Juan Girador" one of the legends in El espejo de Lida Sal. This analysis includes the baroque and the myth and the legend, all of which appear at different textual levels, resulting in an highly unusual literary creation. The legend is analysed as a short narrative that is used to present a mythical reality. Special importance is given to Asturias use of a purely Latin American element, the Indian, as a significant contribution to our literature.
Cuatro relatos mitológicos bocotas de los "yé nansére" ("seres malos")
Authors: Margery Peña Emilia 
Published: July 2018

Los cuentos míticos de la tradición oral Bocota comprenden dos tipos de entidades: el "yé nú", los seres positivos creados por Chubé -el gran creador y héroe cultural de este grupo étnico y los "yé nansére", los seres negativos creados por Doiá, tradicional antagonista y enemigo de Chubé. El siguiente artículo incluye cuatro cuentos que se centran en algunos de los "nansére yé" o seres malignos de la mitología Bocota. The mythical tales of Bocotá oral tradition comprise two types of entities: the "yé nú", positive beings created by Chubé -the great originator and cultural hero of this ethnic group- and the "yé nansére", negative beings created by Doiá, traditional antagonist and nemesis of Chubé. The following article includes four tales which focus on some of the "yé nansére" or evil beings of Bocotá mythology.
Actitudes y motivación en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera
Authors: Delgado Carmen 
Published: July 2018

Las actitudes de los alumnos hacia el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras y / o segunda lengua, y la motivación para aprender el idioma son los principales aspectos tratados en este estudio.Ocho grupos de estudiantes de lenguas extranjeras, cuatro grupos de estadounidenses y cuatro grupos de los costarricenses, se administraron y la actitud / cuestionario de motivación y los resultados de sus puntuaciones más tarde se compararon con el fin de informar sobre las diferencias de actitudes hacia la comunidad objetivo, hacia idiomas extranjeros, y hacia el aprendizaje de la lengua y la orientación a los estudiantes a estudiar el idioma.Los resultados indican que un menor número de estudiantes estadounidenses mostran actitudes positivas que los españoles y franceses hacia la cultura meta, estudiar idiomas extranjeros, en general, y hacia el aprendizaje de la lengua. Nivel de ansiedad de apredener el lenguaje de los estudiantes es ligeramente superior en los estudiantes americanos que en los estudiantes costarricenses. La orientación de los estudiantes para aprender el idioma es principalmente integradora en los ocho grupos.Además, se encontró que en los grupos en estudio, las mujeres, los estudiantes mayores de 24 años, los estudiantes con más experiencia en otros idiomas, y los estudiantes que han viajado a un espectáculo en una comunidad del dioma destino, muestran actitudes más positivas que otros estudiantes que no cumplen con estas condiciones.
La aventura en la finca: Aproximación múltiple a una narración oral infantil
Authors: Umaña Aguilar Jeanina 
Published: July 2018

Una experiencia personal contada por una niña de nueve años de edad, se analiza desde diferentes perspectivas para lograr una comprensión cada vez más puntual del texto. Disposición sintagmática de Propp ayuda a clarificar la estructura organizativa de la narrativa; la versión Mandler y Johnson de la teoría de los esquemas explica la información o eliminación de la información; Características de Keenan del discurso no planificado y el despliegue de Chafe de conciencia facilitan un microanálisis del texto. A personal experience told by a nine-year-old girl is analyzed from different perspectives to achieve an increasingly punctual understanding of the text. Propp's syntagmatic arrangement helps to clarify the organizational structure of the narrative; Mandler and Johnson's version of the schema theory explains the information or deletion of information; Keenan's features of unplanned discourse and Chafe's deployment of consciousness facilitate a microanalysis of the text.
Perfecit y denegación final del contrato historiográfico en el Fray Gerundio de Campazas
Authors: Chen Sham Jorge 
Published: July 2018

El análisis de cada espacio liminar también debe incluir la última frase de un texto. Para este efecto se propone una nueva herramienta metodológica para una mejor comprensión de la situación comunicativa de cada texto. En el caso de Fray Gerundio de Campazas, el perfecto destruye el contrato historiográfico propuesto en el prólogo del autor y obliga al texto en una deriva hermenéutica que tiene mayor importancia para el ámbito satírico requerido para neutralizar la posición ideológica. The analysis of every liminar space must also include the last phrase of a text. To this effect I propose a new methodological tool for a better understanding of the communicative situation of every text. In the case of Fray Gerundio de Campazas, the perfect destroys the historiographic contract proposed in the author's prologue and forces the text into a hermeneutic drift that has greater significance for the satirical scope required to neutralise the ideological stance.