bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome pattern in adolescents with functional gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Nafarin Andrew R. , Hegar Badriul , Sjakti Hikari A. , Vandenplas Yvan 
Published: February 2019

Background
Functional gastrointestinal disease (FGID) has a worldwide prevalence of 10–45%, and is one of the most common causes of recurrent abdominal pain in children. FGID is characterized with abdominal discomfort and changes in bowel movement. Alteration in gut microbiota is associated with FGID, but data are limited, and there are no data from Indonesia.

Methods
A case–control study was conducted in 22 FGID children and 28 healthy subjects aged 13–18 years at the junior high school and senior high school in Central Jakarta. FGID was diagnosed using Rome IV criteria. Age, sex, and level of education were recorded. Stool samples were collected and investigated for Bifidobacterium spp. and Enterobacteriaceae.

Results
Most of the FGID subjects were females (17/22), with a median age of 16 years. The median values of Bifidobacterium spp. were 138.95 (range: 0.2–22,735.8) CFU/gram for the FGID subjects and 232.5 (range: 1.9–38,985.6) CFU/gram in healthy subjects, which showed no statistically significant difference (P = .49). The median values of Enterobacteriaceae were 58.9 (range: 2.5–9577.8) CFU/gram in FGID subjects and 85 (range: 12.1–3139.4) CFU/gram in healthy subjects, which showed no statistically significant difference (P = .94). Our findings indicate that the gut microbiome of adolescents with FGIDs is characterized by a huge variability in levels of Bifidobacterium spp. and Enterobacteriaceae.

Conclusion
Because of the wide range detected in the number of Bifidobacterium spp. and Enterobacteriaceae in FGID and healthy subjects, no statistically significant difference was observed. More studies in larger groups of selected patients may be needed.
Evaluating and Improving the Performance of Three 1‐D Lake Models in a Large Deep Lake of the Central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Huang Anning , Lazhu  , Wang Junbo , Dai Yongjiu , Yang Kun , Wei Nan , Wen Lijuan , Wu Yang , Zhu Xueyan , Zhang Xindan , Cai Shuxin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ability of FLake, WRF‐Lake, and CoLM‐Lake models in simulating the thermal features of Lake Nam Co in Central Tibetan Plateau has been evaluated in this study. All the three models with default settings exhibited distinct errors in the simulated vertical temperature profile. Then model calibration was conducted by adjusting three (four) key parameters within FLake and CoLM‐Lake (WRF‐Lake) in a series of sensitive experiments. Results showed that each model's performance is sensitive to the key parameters and becomes much better when adjusting all the key parameters relative to tuning single parameter. Overall, setting the temperature of maximum water density to 1.1 °C instead of 4 °C in the three models consistently leads to improved vertical thermal structure simulation during cold seasons; reducing the light extinction coefficient in FLake results in much deeper mixed layer and warmer thermocline during warm seasons in better agreement with the observation. The vertical thermal structure can be clearly improved by decreasing the light extinction coefficient and increasing the turbulent mixing in WRF‐Lake and CoLM‐Lake during warm seasons. Meanwhile, the modeled water temperature profile in warm seasons can be significantly improved by further replacing the constant surface roughness lengths by a parameterized scheme in WRF‐Lake. Further intercomparison indicates that among the three calibrated models, FLake (WRF‐Lake) performs the best to simulate the temporal evolution and intensity of temperature in the layers shallower (deeper) than 10 m, while WRF‐Lake is the best at simulating the amplitude and pattern of the temperature variability at all depths.
Spatiotemporal Variability in Land Surface Temperature Over the Mountainous Region Affected by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake From 2000 to 2017
Authors: Zhao Wei , He Juelin , Yin Gaofei , Wen Fengping , Wu Hua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe mountainous region affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was frequently analyzed to assess its vegetation recovery. However, the dynamic of surface thermal environment was rarely investigated but directly influenced local geophysical and biophysical processes. Under this background, this research aimed to analyze the trend of surface temperature based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer daily land surface temperature product from 2000 to 2017 and understand its change mechanism. An annual temperature cycle model was applied to obtain the daytime and nighttime annual cycle parameters (ACPs), including mean annual surface temperature (MAST), yearly amplitude of surface temperature, and phase shift. The trend analysis with the Mann‐Kendall test illustrated the strong inverse relationship between the two ACPs (MAST and yearly amplitude of surface temperature) and elevation, and the nighttime terms showed a stronger connection than those of the daytime. The areas with significant decreases in vegetation coverage induced by the earthquake exhibited an obvious upward trend in daytime MAST and annual maximum temperature, while the vegetation improved areas presented a cooling effect. Comparatively, the nighttime ACPs was little sensitive to vegetation change and the change magnitude was relatively small. For the high mountain area, with the shrinkage of snow cover duration, the global warming effect resulted in a warming trend by increasing the annual minimum temperature at both the daytime and nighttime. Overall, this study provided insights to the impact of the earthquake to mountain thermal environment and its different responses to changes in vegetation cover and climatic environment.
Groundwater Control and Process Variability on the Equatorial Layered Deposits of Kotido Crater, Mars
Authors: Pondrelli M. , Rossi A. P. , Le Deit L. , Schmidt G. , Pozzobon R. , Hauber E. , Salese F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the origin of the Hesperian‐aged sulfate‐bearing Equatorial Layered Deposits (ELDs) is crucial to infer Mars' climatic conditions during their formation and to assess their habitability potential. We investigated well‐exposed ELDs in Kotido crater (Arabia Terra) and produced a detailed geological map of the crater infill, distinguishing different units within the ELDs based upon their morphological and sedimentological characteristics.The ELDs consist of interbedded light‐toned, darker‐toned deposits and mounds, associated with possible fissure ridges. Although heavily eroded by younger eolian processes, we interpret these deposits and their associated morphologies as remnants of depositional features and propose that they are the result of fluid, gas, and sediment expulsion processes sourced from the groundwater. The textural characteristics, their depositional geometry, the associated morphologies, and the inferred composition of the light‐toned deposits suggest an evaporitic origin, whereas the darker‐toned deposits might reflect clastic sedimentary processes, related or not to fluid expulsion and/or residual deposition following dissolution of the evaporites. The relative ratio of fluids, salts, and clasts controlled the depositional process, analogous to what happens in terrestrial playas. The controls on fluid expulsion is interpreted to depend on groundwater emplacement and fluctuations, possibly related to climatic changes, and to the interactions with the fractures related to the crater formation, which allowed the actual upwelling from a pressurized aquifer.
The Geochemistry of Englacial Brine From Taylor Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Lyons W. Berry , Mikucki Jill A. , German Laura A. , Welch Kathleen A. , Welch Susan A. , Gardner Christopher B. , Tulaczyk Slawek M. , Pettit Erin C. , Kowalski Julia , Dachwald Bernd 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBlood Falls is a hypersaline, iron‐rich discharge at the terminus of the Taylor Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In November 2014, brine in a conduit within the glacier was penetrated and sampled using clean‐entry techniques and a thermoelectric melting probe called the IceMole. We analyzed the englacial brine sample for filterable iron (fFe), total Fe, major cations and anions, nutrients, organic carbon, and perchlorate. In addition, aliquots were analyzed for minor and trace elements and isotopes including δD and δ18O of water, δ34S and δ18O of sulfate, 234U, 238U, δ11B, 87Sr/86Sr, and δ81Br. These measurements were made in order to (1) determine the source and geochemical evolution of the brine and (2) compare the chemistry of the brine to that of nearby hypersaline lake waters and previous supraglacially sampled collections of Blood Falls outflow that were interpreted as end‐member brines. The englacial brine had higher Cl− concentrations than the Blood Falls end‐member outflow; however, other constituents were similar. The isotope data indicate that the water in the brine is derived from glacier melt. The H4SiO4 concentrations and U and Sr isotope suggest a high degree of chemical weathering products. The brine has a low N:P ratio of ~7.2 with most of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the form of NH4+. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations are similar to end‐member outflow values. Our results provide strong evidence that the original source of solutes in the brine was ancient seawater, which has been modified with the addition of chemical weathering products.
Sediment Trapping and Carbon Sequestration in Floodplains of the Lower Atchafalaya Basin, LA: Allochthonous Versus Autochthonous Carbon Sources
Authors: Hupp Cliff R. , Kroes Daniel E. , Noe Gregory B. , Schenk Edward R. , Day Richard H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent studies suggest that about 2 Pg of organic C is stored on floodplains worldwide. The present study indicates the Atchafalaya River, fifth largest river in the United States in terms of discharge, traps 30 mm/year of sediment on average within its floodplain, which is the highest average nonepisodic rate of fluvial deposition on the U.S. Coastal Plain. We installed sediment sampling stations at 23 sites, normally in transect, in the Atchafalaya Basin; these sites represent the range of hydrogeomorphic conditions on the floodplain based on hydrologic connectivity with the river main stem. The rate of sedimentation translates into about 12.5 Tg/year and includes 694 Mg/year of organic C. Highest sedimentation rates are associated with areas of high connectivity to channels and prograding deltaic processes. The δ13C content suggests that 35% of deposited C is derived from river‐suspended sediment compared to litterfall in the basin. Thus, much of the organic C sequestered is allochthonous material. However, isolated interior sites with limited connectivity to the channel may generate and sequester large amounts of autochthonous C. The substantial trapping of both autochthonous and allochthonous C (392 Mg/year) make this freshwater‐forested floodplain critical in storage of material before reaching the coastal delta and estuary. This C deposition rate (340 g C·m−2·yr−1) exceeds all other rates reported in recent Blue Carbon and Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetland studies. Atchafalaya C sequestration occurs in/near areas with tidal influence and like other coastal systems is an important site for trapping mineral and organic sediment and in global C cycling.
The Potential Hidden Age of Dissolved Organic Carbon Exported by Peatland Streams
Authors: Dean Joshua F. , Garnett Mark H. , Spyrakos Evangelos , Billett Michael F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRadiocarbon (14C) is a key tracer for detecting the mobilization of previously stored terrestrial organic carbon (C) into aquatic systems. Old C (>1,000 years BP) may be “masked” by postbomb C (fixed from the atmosphere post‐1950 CE), potentially rendering bulk aquatic dissolved organic C (DOC) 14C measurements insensitive to old C. We collected DOC with a modern 14C signature from a temperate Scottish peatland stream and decomposed it to produce CO2 under simulated natural conditions over 140 days. We measured the 14C of both DOC and CO2 at seven time points and found that while DOC remained close to modern in age, the resultant CO2 progressively increased in age up to 2,356 ± 767 years BP. The results of this experiment demonstrate that the bulk DO14C pool can hide the presence of old C within peatland stream DOC export, demonstrating that bulk DO14C measurements can be an insensitive indicator of peatland disturbance. Our experiment also demonstrates that this old C component is biologically and photochemically available for conversion to the greenhouse gas CO2, and as such, bulk DO14C measurements do not reflect the 14C signature of the labile organic C pool exported by inland water systems more broadly. Moreover, our experiment suggests that old C may be an important component of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from peatland aquatic systems, with implications for tracing and modeling interactions between the hydrological and terrestrial C cycles.
Pyrogenic carbon erosion after the Rim Fire, Yosemite National Park: The Role of Burn Severity and Slope
Authors: Abney Rebecca B. , Kuhn Timothy J. , Chow Alex , Hockaday William , Fogel Marilyn L. , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPyrogenic carbon (PyC) is an incomplete combustion by‐product with longer soil residence times compared with nonpyrogenic components of the soil carbon (C) pool and can be preferentially eroded in fire‐affected landscapes. To investigate geomorphic and fire‐related controls on PyC erosion, sediment fences were established in three combinations of slope (high 13.9–37.3%; moderate 0–6.7%) and burn severity (high; moderate) plots within the perimeter of the Rim Fire in 2013, Yosemite National Park, California, USA. After each major precipitation event following the fire, we determined transport rates of total sediment, fine and coarse sediment fractions, and C and nitrogen (N). We measured stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) compositions and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of soils and eroded sediments. The highest total and fine (<2 mm) sediment transport in high severity burned areas correlated with initial discharge peaks from an adjacent stream, while moderate burn severity sites had considerably more of the >2 mm fraction transported than high burn severity sites. The δ13C and δ15N values and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated that sediment eroded from moderate severity burn areas included fresh organic matter that was not as significantly affected by the fire, whereas sediments from high severity burn areas were preferentially enriched in PyC. Our results indicate that along a single hillslope after the Rim Fire, burn severity acted as a primary control on PyC transport postfire, with slope angle likely playing a secondary role. The preferential erosion of PyC has major implications for the long‐term persistence of PyC within the soil system.
Global Demonstration of Local Liebig's Law Behavior for Tree‐Ring Reconstructions of Climate
Authors: Stine A. R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLiebig's law of the minimum posits that at any given time the growth factor that is least abundant, relative to physiological requirements, controls plant growth. Dendrochronological reconstructions of temperature and precipitation invoke Liebig's law to justify using tree growth as a proxy for climate and when choosing which trees to sample, but historically reconstruction techniques have not accounted for the influence of Liebig's law on differential growth between sampled trees within a given site. Such an influence implies that site‐wide limitations associated with regional climate variability would be most strongly expressed in tree rings experiencing high relative growth in a given year. We demonstrate that local Liebig's law stresses are globally identifiable across ring width and density data sets produced by over 300 different researchers. Furthermore, the local signature of Liebig's law is found at both temperature‐ and moisture‐limited sites. Chronologies based on trees undergoing the highest relative growth in a given year more accurately record climate variability than the mean chronology, especially at sites where more trees were sampled. These results suggest the potential for better reconstructing historical climate variability through pairing intensive tree‐ring sampling with a quantitative focus on those trees experiencing the highest relative growth.
Research on visible light indoor positioning technique using two light sources andspecular reflection cancellation
Authors: Zhang Wenqiang , Feng Lifang , Che Ping 
Published: February 2019

Here, a high accuracy camera‐based visible light indoor positioning system (IPS) has been investigated. A novel two LEDs‐based positioning algorithm is proposed aiming at solving the problems of positioning ambiguity with a good trade‐off between high accuracy and computational complexity. The simulation results show that the positioning errors of the proposed 2‐LED positioning algorithm achieves 2 cm when the resolution of the image sensor (IS) exceeds 2500 pixels/line. A specular reflection cancellation scheme is presented to further reduce the positioning errors when specular reflection interference occurs. The simulation results show that the positioning errors can be reduced to 2.71 cm after using the specular reflection cancellation.
High-resolution confirmation of an extended helium atmosphere around WASP-107b
Authors: Allart R. , Bourrier V. , Lovis C. , Ehrenreich D. , Aceituno J. , Guijarro A. , Pepe F. , Sing D. K. , Spake J. J. , Wyttenbach A. 
Published: February 2019

Context. Probing the evaporation of exoplanet atmospheres is key to understanding the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. The main tracer of evaporation in the UV is the Lyman-α transition, which can reveal extended exospheres of neutral hydrogen. Recently, the near-infrared (NIR) metastable helium triplet (10 833 Å) revealed extended thermospheres in several exoplanets. This opens a new window into evaporation.
Aims. We aim at spectrally resolving the first helium absorption signature detected in the warm Saturn WASP-107b with the Wide Filed Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST/WFC3).
Methods. We obtained one transit of WASP-107b with CARMENES installed on the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto observatory.
Results. We detect an excess helium absorption signature of 5.54 ± 0.27% (20σ) in the planet rest frame during the transit. The detection is in agreement with the previous detection achieved with HST/WFC3. The signature shows an excess absorption in the blue part of the lines, suggesting that He I atoms are escaping from the atmosphere of WASP-107b. We interpret the time-series absorption spectra using the 3D EVE code. Our observations can be explained by combining an extended thermosphere that fills half of the Roche lobe and a large exospheric tail sustained by an escape rate of metastable helium of about 106 g s−1. In this scenario, however, the upper atmosphere needs to be subjected to a reduced photoionisation and radiation pressure from the star for the model to match the observations.
Conclusions. We confirm the presence of helium in the atmosphere of WASP-107b at high confidence. The helium feature is detected from space and from the ground. The ground-based high-resolution signal brings detailed information about the spatial and dynamical structure of the upper atmosphere, and simulations suggest that the He I signature of WASP-107b probes both its thermosphere and exosphere, establishing this signature as a robust probe of exoplanetary upper atmospheres. Surveys with NIR high-resolution spectrographs (e.g. CARMENES, the Spectromètre infrarouge (SPIRou), or the Near-Infrared Planet Searcher (NIRPS)) will deliver a statistical understanding of exoplanet thermospheres and exospheres through the helium triplet.
Analyse und Management von postoperativen Schmerzen nach
Sialendoskopie
Authors: Nachtsheim Lisa , Pick Carina , Klußmann Jens Peter , Löser Johannes , Lüers Jan-Christoffer 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Sialendoskopie ist ein minimal-invasives Verfahren zur
Diagnostik und Therapie von Erkrankungen des Speicheldrüsengangsystems. Sie kann
in ITN und in LA durchgeführt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die
postoperative Schmerzsituation interessant, über deren Ausmaß aktuell jedoch
wenig bekannt ist. Daher wurden in dieser Studie die postoperativen Schmerzen
nach Sialendoskopie in LA und ihr Schmerzmanagement in einer quantitativen
Untersuchung erfasst und analysiert.
Material und Methoden Es wurden 103 Patienten in die retrospektive Studie
eingeschlossen, bei denen im Zeitraum von 2013 bis 2015 eine Sialendoskopie der
Glandula parotis oder der Glandula submanibularis in Lokalanästhesie
durchgeführt wurde. Analysiert wurden die postoperativen Schmerzen in Ruhe und
bei Belastung am Operationstag, sowie am ersten und zweiten postoperativen Tag.
Die Schmerzen wurden anhand einer numerischen Rating Skala (NRS 0–10) erfasst,
welche im Rahmen des QUIPS-Projektes (Qualitätsverbesserung in der
postoperativen Schmerztherapie) verwendet wird.
Ergebnisse Am Operationstag betrug der Schmerz in Ruhe 0,9 ± 1,9 und bei
Belastung 0,7 ± 1,4. Am ersten postoperativen Tag wurden Schmerzen von 1,2 ± 1,8
in Ruhe und 0,9 ± 1,9 bei Belastung festgestellt. Am zweiten postoperativen Tag
zeigte sich eine Reduktion der Schmerzen auf 0,75 ± 1,6 in Ruhe und 0,73 ± 1,5
bei Belastung. Insgesamt wurden Metamizol (Novalgin®) und Ibuprofen
als häufigste postoperative Analgetika eingesetzt. Am Operationstag erhielten
37,9 % der Patienten Schmerzmittel, am ersten postoperativen Tag 26,2 % der
Patienten und am zweiten postoperativen Tag 12,6 % der Patienten.
Schlussfolgerung Sialendoskopien der Glandula submandibularis und parotis
sind mit moderaten postoperativen Schmerzen verbunden, welche sich gut mit
Nicht-Opioiden behandeln lassen.