bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Length of Stay and Discharge Disposition After Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Berman Jacob E. , Mata-Fink Ana , Kassam Hafiz F. , Blaine Theodore A. , Kovacevic David 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
Identifying patient factors that affect length of stay (LOS) and discharge disposition after shoulder arthroplasty is key in managing patient expectations. In this systematic review, we identify patient-specific covariates that correlate with increased LOS and need for discharge to a facility.

Methods:
We searched biomedical databases to identify associations between patient-specific factors and LOS and discharge disposition after shoulder arthroplasty. We included all studies involving hemiarthroplasty, anatomic shoulder arthroplasty, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Reported patient and provider factors were evaluated for their association with increased LOS and discharge to a facility.

Results:
Twenty-two studies were identified. Age >65 years, female sex, obesity, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty were associated with extended LOS and correlated with discharge to a facility. Greater hospital and surgeon volume were associated with decreased LOS and decreased risk of discharge to a facility. Local injection of liposomal bupivacaine combined with intravenous dexamethasone was associated with reduced LOS.

Discussion:
Patient factors affecting LOS and likelihood of discharge to a facility include age >65 years, female sex, diabetes, obesity, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. These factors can be used to develop studies to preoperatively predict outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty and to help identify patients who may be at risk of prolonged postoperative admission.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic level IV
Stem Cells and Platelet-rich Plasma for Knee Osteoarthritis: Prevalence and Cost in South Florida
Authors: Alcerro Jose C. , Lavernia Carlos J. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:The use of stem cell therapy (SCT) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is extremely controversial and at best experimental stage. These treatments are being offered across the nation for “cash-only payments.” Our objectives were to determine (1) what proportion of board-certified orthopedic surgeons in Miami-Dade County offer SCT or PRP and (2) how much do practices charge for these services.Methods:All board-certified orthopedic surgeons' offices in Miami-Dade County were identified by their American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons active membership. Offices were contacted and presented a hypothetical patient with end-stage OA searching for treatment (SCT or PRP injections) before having to undergo surgery.Results:Of the 96 registered American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons member's offices, 91 (94.7%) were contacted, 36% of offices offered PRP, and 24.5% offered SCT. However, 81% of the offices were transparent on the pricing of PRP, whereas 42% gave a price for SCT. Remaining practices stated that pricing would be “determined or discussed” during a scheduled visit. Mean cost for PRP injection was $897 (range, $350 to $1,700), and for SCT injection, it was $3,100 (range, $1,200 to $6,000).Discussion:Biological injectables as treatment of knee OA have potential use in the nonsurgical management of this disease. Data on the effectiveness are lacking and are conflicting. Data should continue to be investigational.Level of Evidence:Level IV
Múltiplos olhares sobre história única
Authors: Lopes Ana Monica Henriques 
Published: November 2018

O artigo traça um diálogo entre autores que escrevem sobre questões relativas à história da África e à reprodução de uma leitura que reafirma estereótipos. Partimos da afirmação de Chimamanda Adichie sobre a história única para dialogar com diferentes tipos de produção escrita e observar em que medida elas se enquadram nessa perspectiva. Num segundo momento, analisamos a constituição de livros de Elikia M'Bokolo e Alberto da Costa e Silva com objetivo de investigar como autores de origens distintas, mas com grande circulação no Brasil, tratam a história da África. Concluímos demonstrando em que medida os diferentes discursos produzidos contribuem para a formação de uma história e um olhar único a respeito da África. Palavras-chave: História da África. Historiografia. Africanos.
Atuação militante de Lélia Gonzalez na discussão da Constituição Federal de 1988
Authors: Garrido Mírian Cristina de Moura 
Published: November 2018

Nos aproximamos da comemoração dos trinta anos de promulgação da famosa “constituição cidadã”. O fato motiva uma reflexão sobre a atuação das entidades civis e de ativistas no processo de discussão do documento e de suas conquistas. O objetivo do presente artigo é compreender a participação da militante Lélia Gonzalez na subcomissão que discutiu questões relacionadas aos negros, bem como, as demandas apresentadas e os embates gerados. As fontes exploradas são a biografia da ativista, escrita por Ratts e Rios, e a Ata da sétima reunião da Subcomissão de Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, intitulada “Subcomissão dos Negros, Populações Indígenas, Pessoas Deficientes e Minorias”, na qual Lélia palestrou. De maneira geral, a participação da militante indica os elementos básicos das demandas do movimento negro contemporâneo e a apreensão da validade de seus discursos não parece ter sido unânime entre os constituintes. Contudo, a participação de ativistas na elaboração da Constituição cria a oportunidade de contato dos parlamentares com argumentos legitimadores da causa negra e de visibilidade para demandas sociais. Palavras-chave: Lélia Gonzalez. Movimento Negro Contemporâneo. Constituinte
Entre rupture et continuité : métamorphose identitaire dans Bleu de Krzysztof Kieślowski
Authors: Dame Isabelle 
Published: November 2018

Cet article vise à présenter comment une lecture existentielle du film Bleu (1993) de Krzysztof Kieślowski permet de mettre en lumière la métamorphose identitaire de son héroïne, Julie. Nous verrons comment la perte brutale de son mari et de sa fille amènera l’héroïne à vivre une rupture identitaire qui brise le « calme » cher à l’oeuvre kieślowskienne. Nous pourrons comprendre que cette rupture est liée, dans l’oeuvre, à une perte traumatique qui ne peut être intégrée à son récit. Julie cherche à apaiser l’irruption traumatique du passé à travers un éloignement de ce qui le lui rappelle. Ce retrait apportera une tentative de dissolution de son identité. Julie sera sauvée par l’intervention de l’autre qui lui permettra de renaître, transformée par sa perte. La démarche herméneutique adoptée entraînera la description existentielle de la thématique identitaire dans l’oeuvre à être mise en dialogue avec un corpus théorique issu de la philosophie continentale et de la psychanalyse.
L’ouvrier et la machine dans les films miniers et sidérurgiques (1930-1960)
Authors: Mariotti Nadège 
Published: November 2018

Cette étude appréhende par le biais de l’anthropologie visuelle l’évolution des représentations dans les relations entre l’ouvrier et la machine de 1930 à 1960 à partir d’exemples choisis de films de divers genres dont la thématique porte sur les mines et la sidérurgie. Ils permettent d’établir que le corps humain est le prolongement de la machine, un instrument (Marcel Mauss). Dans la conception même de l’automate (Jean-Claude Beaune), le geste répétitif, la temporalité cyclique, matérialisée par l’horloge et la communication non verbale occupent une place primordiale. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’homme s’efface de plus en plus pour laisser la machine seule sur scène. L’ouvrier, comme sa représentation filmique, change de statut. D’abord « instrument », il devient « automate » pour finir « effacé ».
The effect of insulin on equine lamellar basal epithelial cells mediated by the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
Authors: Baskerville Courtnay L. , Chockalingham Subu , Harris Patricia A. , Bailey Simon R. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundIn horses and ponies, insulin dysregulation leading to hyperinsulinemia may be associated with increased risk of laminitis, and prolonged infusion of insulin can induce the condition. It is unclear whether insulin may have a direct or indirect effect on the lamellar tissues. Insulin is structurally related to insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and can bind the IGF-1 receptor, albeit at a lower affinity than IGF-1.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed lamellar tissue sections from six normal horses, euthanised for non-research purposes, using an anti-IGF-1 receptor antibody. In further studies, lamellar epithelial cells were obtained by collagenase digestion from the hooves of 18 normal horses, also euthanised for non-research purposes, and incubated for 48 h in the presence of insulin (0–2,000 m IU/ml). The increase in cell numbers was determined using a cell proliferation assay, and compared to the effect of zero insulin using one-way ANOVA.ResultsImmunohistochemistry demonstrated IGF-1 receptors on lamellar epidermal epithelial cells. With cultured cells, insulin caused a concentration-dependent increase in cell proliferation compared to untreated cells (maximal effect 63.3 ± 12.8% more cells after 48 h with 1,000 m IU/ml insulin;P< 0.01). Co-incubation with a blocking antibody against the IGF-1 receptor significantly inhibited the proliferative effect of insulin (P< 0.01).DiscussionThese results demonstrate that IGF-1 receptors are present on lamellar epithelial cells. At high physiological concentrations, insulin may activate these cells, by a mechanism involving IGF-1 receptors, resulting in a proliferative effect. This mechanism could help to explain the link between hyperinsulinemia and laminitis.
Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using Gaussian process and EEMD‐treelet
Authors: Wu Edmond Qi , Wang Jin , Peng Xian‐Yong , Zhang Peidong , Law Rob , Chen Xi , Lin Jin‐xing 
Published: November 2018

SummaryFault detection of rotating machinery is very important for its performance degradation assessment. In this work, an effective feature learning and detecting method based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Gaussian process classifier (GPC) is put forward. Compared with the traditional parameter optimization methods of GPC, this work proposed a bacterial foraging optimization as the optimal solution of the hyperparameters of GP model. To find a valid feature vector, this work also utilized EEMD to decompose the vibration signals and get some time‐frequency features. Then, treelet transform is proposed to reduce the feature dimension. The results of some applications indicate that the EEMD has stronger processing capability of the status signals of rotating machinery. Treelet can transform the high‐dimensional vector to low‐dimensional space, which is used as the input of the proposed BFO‐GP model. The proposed diagnosis method can identify not only the optimal feature vector but also the fault locations.
Defect‐Induced Pt–Co–Se Coordinated Sites with Highly Asymmetrical Electronic Distribution for Boosting Oxygen‐Involving Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhuang Linzhou , Jia Yi , Liu Hongli , Wang Xin , Hocking Rosalie K. , Liu Hongwei , Chen Jun , Ge Lei , Zhang Longzhou , Li Mengran , Dong Chung‐Li , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Shen Shaohua , Yang Dongjiang , Zhu Zhonghua , Yao Xiangdong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRational design and synthesis of hetero‐coordinated moieties at the atomic scale can significantly raise the performance of the catalyst and obtain mechanistic insight into the oxygen‐involving electrocatalysis. Here, a facile plasma‐photochemical strategy is applied to construct atomically coordinated Pt–Co–Se moieties in defective CoSe2 (CoSe2−x) through filling the plasma‐created Se vacancies in CoSe2−x with single Pt atomic species (CoSe2−x‐Pt) under ultraviolet irradiation. The filling of single Pt can remarkably enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of CoSe2. Optimal OER specific activity is achieved with a Pt content of 2.25 wt% in CoSe2−x‐Pt, exceeding that of CoSe2−x by a factor of 9. CoSe2−x‐Pt shows much better OER performance than CoSe2−x filled with single Ni and even Ru atomic species (CoSe2−x‐Ni and CoSe2−x‐Ru). Noticeably, it is general that Pt is not a good OER catalyst but Ru is; thus the design of active sites for electrocatalysis at an atomic level should follow a different intrinsic mechanism. Mechanism studies unravel that the single Pt can induce much higher electronic distribution asymmetry degree than both single Ni and Ru, and benefit the interaction between the Co sites and adsorbates (OH*, O*, and OOH*) during the OER process, leading to a better OER activity.
Multimaterial Microfluidic 3D Printing of Textured Composites with Liquid Inclusions
Authors: Li Xiying , Zhang Jia Ming , Yi Xin , Huang Zhongyi , Lv Pengyu , Duan Huiling 
Published: November 2018

Abstract3D printing with a high degree of spatial and compositional precision could open new avenues to the design and fabrication of functional composites. By combining the direct ink writing and microfluidics, a multimaterial 3D printing system for fabricating textured composites with liquid inclusions of programmable spatial distribution and compositions is reported here. Phase diagrams for the rational selection of desired printing parameters are determined through a combination of simple theoretical analysis and experimental studies. 1D, 2D, and 3D structures programmed with desired inclusion patterns and compositions are fabricated. Moreover, the versatility of this 3D printing framework in fabricating layered composite beams of tunable thermal property and self‐healing materials is demonstrated. The proposed multimaterial microfluidic 3D printing framework could be broadly applicable for structural composites and soft robotic devices.
Alterations of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M levels in the breast milk of mothers with exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers with non‐exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum: The Jordanian cohort study
Authors: Abuidhail Jamila , Al‐Shudiefat Abd Al‐Rahman , Darwish Mona 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to measure changes in the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the mature breast milk of Jordanian mothers during the first 6 months after giving birth between exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) mothers and non‐exclusively breastfeeding (non‐EBF) mothers.MethodsA longitudinal follow‐up design was used to measure changes in the concentration of IgG and IgM in the mothers' mature milk during the first 6 months after giving birth. Sixty‐nine lactating mothers were recruited in this study. Breast milk samples were collected by mothers themselves in the first, fourth, and sixth months of lactation to measure IgG and IgM concentrations using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.ResultsThere was a significant difference in IgG and IgM concentrations between EBF and non‐EBF mothers. IgG was higher in the EBF mothers' milk than in the milk of non‐EBF mothers, whereas IgM was not affected by the type of baby feeding.ConclusionThe concentration of immunoglobulins changes in human breast milk along with breastfeeding intervals. EBF enhances the concentration of IgG in breast milk compared to non‐EBF.
Sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland
Authors: Paskoff Taylor , Sattenspiel Lisa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to understand sex‐ and age‐based differences in mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic on the island of Newfoundland. The pandemic's impact on different age groups has been the focus of other research, but sex‐based differences in mortality are rarely considered. Aspects of social organization, labor patterns, and social behaviors that contribute to mortality between males and females at all ages are used to explain observed mortality patterns.MethodsRecorded pneumonia and influenza deaths on the island (n = 1871) were used to calculate cause‐specific death rates and to evaluate differences in sex‐based mortality. Mortality levels in 17 districts and four regions (Avalon, North, South, and West) were compared using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). A logistic regression model was fit to determine in which regions sex‐based mortality could be predicted using age and region as interactive predictors.ResultsDifferences in sex‐based mortality varied across regions; they were not significant for the aggregate population. SMRs were also variable, with no significant sex‐based differences. Sex‐based differences were highly variable within regions. Results from a logistic regression analysis suggest that females in the South region may have experienced a higher probability of death than other island residents.ConclusionsMortality analysis for aggregate populations homogenizes important epidemiologic patterns. Men and women did not experience the 1918 influenza pandemic in the same way, and by analyzing data at the regional and district geographic levels, patterns emerge that can be explained by the economies and social organization of the people who lived there.
GWAS and network analysis of co‐occurring nicotine and alcohol dependence identifies significantly associated alleles and network
Authors: Xiang Bo , Yang Bao‐Zhu , Zhou Hang , Kranzler Henry , Gelernter Joel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlcohol dependence (AD) and nicotine dependence (ND) co‐occur frequently (AD+ND). We integrated SNP‐based, gene‐based, and protein–protein interaction network analyses to identify shared risk genes or gene subnetworks for AD+ND in African Americans (AAs, N = 2,094) and European Americans (EAs, N = 1,207). The DSM‐IV criterion counts for AD and ND were modeled as two dependent variables in a multivariate linear mixed model, and analyzed separately for the two populations. The most significant SNP was rs6579845 in EAs (p < 1.29 × 10−8) in GM2A, which encodes GM2 ganglioside activator, and is a cis‐expression quantitative locus that affects GM2A expression in blood and brain tissues. However, this SNP was not replicated in our another small sample (N = 678). We identified a subnetwork of 24 genes that contributed to the AD+ND criterion counts. In the gene‐set analysis for the subnetwork in an independent sample, the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment project (predominately EAs), these 24 genes as a set differed in AD+ND versus control subjects in EAs (p = .041). Functional enrichment analysis for this subnetwork revealed that the gene enrichment involved primarily nerve growth factor pathways, and cocaine and amphetamine addiction. In conclusion, we identified a genome‐wide significant variant at GM2A and a gene subnetwork underlying the genetic trait of shared AD+ND. These results increase our understanding of the shared (pleiotropic) genetic risk that underlies AD+ND.
Carbon Vacancies in a Melon Polymeric Matrix Promote Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Conversion
Authors: Yang Pengju , Zhuzhang Hangyu , Wang Ruirui , Lin Wei , Wang Xinchen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhotosynthetic conversion of CO2 into fuel and chemicals is a promising but challenging technology. The bottleneck of this reaction lies in the activation of CO2, owing to the chemical inertness of linear CO2. Herein, we present a defect‐engineering methodology to construct CO2 activation sites by implanting carbon vacancies (CVs) in the melon polymer (MP) matrix. Positron annihilation spectroscopy confirmed the location and density of the CVs in the MP skeleton. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and a DFT study revealed that the CVs can function as active sites for CO2 activation while stabilizing COOH* intermediates, thereby boosting the reaction kinetics. As a result, the modified MP‐TAP‐CVs displayed a 45‐fold improvement in CO2‐to‐CO activity over the pristine MP. The apparent quantum efficiency of the MP‐TAP‐CVs was 4.8 % at 420 nm. This study sheds new light on the design of high‐efficiency polymer semiconductors for CO2 conversion.
Accessing Remote meta‐ and para‐C(sp2)−H Bonds with Covalently Attached Directing Groups
Authors: Dey Aniruddha , Sinha Soumya Kumar , Achar Tapas Kumar , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDirecting group assisted ortho‐C−H activation has been known for the last few decades. In contrast, extending the same approach to achieve activation of the distal meta‐ and para‐C−H bonds in aromatic molecules remained elusive for a long time. The main challenge is the conception of a macrocyclic transition state, which is needed to anchor the metal catalyst close to the target bond. Judicious modification of the chain length, the tether linkage, and the nature of the catalyst‐coordinating donor atom has led to a number of successful studies in the last few years. This Review compiles the significant achievements made in this field of both meta‐ and para‐selectivity using covalently attached directing groups, which are systematically classified on the basis of their mode of covalent attachment to the substrate as well as their chemical nature. This Review aims to create a more heuristic approach for recognizing the suitability of the directing groups for use in future organic transformations.
Robust Adaptive Fractional‐Order Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Lower‐Limb Exoskeleton
Authors: Ahmed Saim , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces a robust adaptive fractional‐order non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode control (RFO‐TSM) for a lower‐limb exoskeleton system subject to unknown external disturbances and uncertainties. The referred RFO‐TSM is developed in consideration of the advantages of fractional‐order and non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode control (FONTSM): fractional‐order is used to obtain good tracking performance, while the non‐singular fast TSM is employed to achieve fast finite‐time convergence, non‐singularity and reducing chattering phenomenon in control input. In particular, an adaptive scheme is formulated with FONTSM to deal with uncertain dynamics of exoskeleton under unknown external disturbances, which makes the system robust. Moreover, an asymptotical stability analysis of the closed‐loop system is validated by Lyapunov proposition, which guarantees the sliding condition. Lastly, the efficacy of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulations in comparison with advanced and classical methods.
Curcumin supplementation increases survival and lifespan in Drosophila under heat stress conditions
Authors: Chen Yong , Liu Xin , Jiang Chenmin , Liu Liang , Ordovas Jose M. , Lai Chao‐Qiang , Shen Lirong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHarsh climate induces physiological stress thus compromising organismal survival. Our previous studies demonstrated that curcumin (CUR) supplementation increased survival of turtle under heat stress (HS). Here, we span this work to investigate the survival and lifespan of HS Drosophila fed a diet supplemented with CUR. For this purpose, female and male flies were fed basal diet (N) and CUR diet (0.2 mg/g), and exposed to three conditions: 25°C and 29°C continuously, and 34 °C for 2 h at days 1, 4, and 7, then kept at 25 °C. Lifespan analysis showed that, compared to N‐25 °C flies, the mean lifespans of N‐29 °C and N‐34 °C flies were decreased significantly by 8.5–15.7% in males, and 3.7–7.9% in females. Conversely, in the CUR‐supplemented diet, mean lifespans of C‐29 °C and C‐34 °C flies were significantly extended by 8.7–16.4% in males, and by 8.9–12.8% in females, compared to that of temperature‐matched flies fed basal diets. The MDA levels of C‐34 °C flies were significantly lower than those of N‐34 °C flies, indicating CUR reduced oxidative stress caused by HS. Furthermore, CUR palliated the increased oxidative stress caused by HS, by increasing the expression of SOD1, CAT, and PHGPx and decreasing the expression of Hsp70 and Hsp83. Our results indicated that CUR supplementation increases the survival rate of Drosophila by enhancing thermal tolerance. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(6):577–587, 2018