bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and risk of breast cancer recurrence after breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator flap
Authors: Svee A , Mani M , Sandquist K , Audolfsson T , Folkvaljon Y , Isern A E , Ringberg A , Manjer J , Falk-Delgado A , Wärnberg F 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Women who undergo autologous breast reconstruction have been reported to have an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence compared with those who have mastectomy alone. It has been suggested that more extensive surgery possibly activates dormant micrometastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether delayed unilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap reconstruction after mastectomy increases the risk of breast cancer recurrence or affects mortality among women previously treated for breast cancer.

Methods
This was a matched retrospective cohort study including women with a previous unilateral invasive breast cancer who received a delayed DIEP flap breast reconstruction and a control cohort of individually matched women with unilateral breast cancer who underwent mastectomy but no autologous breast reconstruction. Matching criteria comprised: year of diagnosis (+/–3 years), age at diagnosis (+/–5 years), type of cancer and demographic region. The primary endpoints were local recurrence or distant metastasis, and overall mortality was a secondary endpoint. Absolute risk of recurrent disease and mortality was analysed, and relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards analysis.

Results
There were 225 women in the DIEP cohort and 450 in the no-DIEP cohort. The median follow-up time was 125 months. There was no difference in absolute risk of recurrence between the cohorts. The hazard ratio for breast cancer recurrence in DIEP versus no-DIEP cohorts was 0·76 (95 per cent c.i. 0·47 to 1·21).

Conclusion
There is no increased risk in breast cancer recurrence after delayed DIEP flap reconstruction compared with mastectomy alone.
Meta-analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Bird N T E , McKenna A , Dodd J , Poston G , Jones R , Malik H 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is staged using the AJCC staging system. Numerous other prognostically important histopathological and demographic characteristics have been reported. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess statistically the effect of postresectional tumour characteristics on overall survival of patients undergoing attempted radical curative resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods
Relevant studies were identified by searching the Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The search was limited to studies published between 2009 and 2017. Papers referring to intrahepatic or distal cholangiocarcinoma were excluded from review. Data extraction used standard Parmar modifications to determine pooled univariable hazard ratios (HRs).

Results
Twenty-four articles, containing 4599 patients, were assessed quantitatively. In pooled analyses, age (HR 1·16, 95 per cent c.i. 1·04 to 1·28), T category (HR 1·49, 1·30 to 1·70), lymph node involvement (HR 1·78, 1·65 to 1·93), microvascular invasion (HR 1·49, 1·34 to 1·68), perineural invasion (HR 1·54, 1·40 to 1·68) and tumour differentiation (HR 1·54, 1·38 to 1·72) were significant prognostic factors, with low heterogeneity. Portal vein resection (HR 1·54, 1·15 to 1·70) and resection margin status (HR 1·77, 1·57 to 1·99) had significant effects, but with high heterogeneity. Sex, tumour size and preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels did not have a statistically significant effect on postoperative prognosis.

Conclusion
Several tumour biological variables not included in the seventh edition of the AJCC classification affect overall survival. These require incorporation into prognostic models to ensure a personalized approach to prognostication and treatment.
Multicentre factorial randomized clinical trial of perioperative immunonutrition versus standard nutrition for patients undergoing surgical resection of oesophageal cancer
Authors: Mudge L A , Watson D I , Smithers B M , Isenring E A , Smith L , Jamieson G G , Aly A , Archer S , Ballal M , Barbon J , Barbour A , Benton K , Bessell J , Bond M , Berryman Melissa , Bright T , Cade R , Cardamis A , Carroll R , Cashman K , Chan L , Chapman B , Chapman S , Chen D , Chisholm J , Davidson W , Devitt P , Dong C , Doola R , Edwards S , Epari K , Farley M , Farrow J , Ferguson M , Fletcher D , Forbes K , Fullerton K , Game P , Gan S , Gotley D , Gout B , Gray J , Heaney S , Johnson M A , Johnstone M , Kariyawasam S , Karnon J , Kelaart A , Kellett L , Kennedy E , Krane R , Lemass S , Lindstrom-Sowman R , Loeliger J , Lord A , Ludbrook John , McFarlane C , McPhee M , Ooi S Y-X , Pearce L , Pettigrew K , Putrus E , Rassias G , Shanks A , Shenfine J , Smith E L , Singleton J , Spillane J , Sputore L , Steer B , Sullivan T , Teleni L , Tolcher D , Thomas J , Thompson S , Thorpe T , Watterson C , Wills V , Wilton A , Wright K , Wright T 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Preoperative immunonutrition has been proposed to reduce the duration of hospital stay and infective complications following major elective surgery in patients with gastrointestinal malignancy. A multicentre 2 × 2 factorial RCT was conducted to determine the impact of preoperative and postoperative immunonutrition versus standard nutrition in patients with oesophageal cancer.

Methods
Patients were randomized before oesophagectomy to immunonutrition (IMPACT®) versus standard isocaloric/isonitrogenous nutrition, then further randomized after operation to immunonutrition versus standard nutrition. Clinical and quality-of-life outcomes were assessed at 14 and 42 days after operation on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary outcome was the occurrence of infective complications. Secondary outcomes were other complications, duration of hospital stay, mortality, nutritional and quality-of-life outcomes (EuroQol EQ-5D-3 L™, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-OES18). Patients and investigators were blinded until the completion of data analysis.

Results
Some 278 patients from 11 Australian sites were randomized; two were excluded and data from 276 were analysed. The incidence of infective complications was similar for all groups (37 per cent in perioperative standard nutrition group, 51 per cent in perioperative immunonutrition group, 34 per cent in preoperative immunonutrition group and 40 per cent in postoperative immunonutrition group; P = 0·187). There were no significant differences in any other clinical or quality-of-life outcomes.

Conclusion
Use of immunonutrition before and/or after surgery provided no benefit over standard nutrition in patients undergoing oesophagectomy. Registration number: ACTRN12611000178943 (https://www.anzctr.org.au).
Determination of halquinol residual levels in animal‐derived food products using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Weijia , Choi Jeong‐Min , Kim Seong‐Kwan , Shim Jae‐Han , Kang Young‐Sun , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Hacımüftüoğlu Ahmet , Shin Ho‐Chul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA reliable and highly sensitive detection method based on liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis has been developed for determination and quantification of halquinol, including 5,7‐dichloroquinolin‐8‐ol and 5‐chloroquinolin‐8‐ol. The target analytes were extracted from porcine muscle, egg, milk, eel, flatfish and shrimp using a mixture of acetonitrile and ethyl acetate followed by liquid–liquid purification with n‐hexane. The analytes were separated on an Agilent Eclipse XDB‐C18 reversed‐phase analytical column using 0.05% formic acid in distilled water and acetonitrile as mobile phases. Good linearity from six‐point matrix‐matched calibration was obtained with correlation coefficients (R2) ≥ 0.9904. Recoveries from three spiking levels (5, 10 and 20 μg/kg) ranged between 70.6 and 101.7% in various matrices with relative standard deviations ≤8.6%. Samples acquired from markets located in Seoul, Republic of Korea, tested negative for the target analytes. In conclusion, the proposed method is versatile and precise for the routine detection of halquinol residual levels in animal‐derived food products intended for human consumption.
Dopamine gene methylation patterns are associated with obesity markers and carbohydrate intake
Authors: Ramos‐Lopez Omar , Riezu‐Boj Jose I. , Milagro Fermin I. , Martinez J. Alfredo ,   MENA Project
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionDopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter that regulates the rewarding and motivational processes underlying food intake and eating behaviors. This study hypothesized associations of DNA methylation signatures at genes modulating DA signaling with obesity features, metabolic profiles, and dietary intake.MethodsAn adult population within the Methyl Epigenome Network Association project was included (n = 473). DNA methylation levels in white blood cells were measured by microarray (450K). Differentially methylated genes were mapped within the dopaminergic synapse pathway using the KEGG reference database (map04728). Subsequently, network enrichment analyses were run in the pathDIP portal. Associations of methylation patterns with anthropometric markers of general (BMI) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference), the blood metabolic profile, and daily dietary intakes were screened.ResultsAfter applying a correction for multiple comparisons, 12 CpG sites were strongly associated (p < 0.0001) with BMI: cg03489495 (ITPR3), cg22851378 (PPP2R2D), cg04021127 (PPP2R2D), cg22441882 (SLC18A1), cg03045635 (DRD5), cg23341970 (ITPR2), cg13051970 (DDC), cg08943004 (SLC6A3), cg20557710 (CACNA1C), cg24085522 (GNAL), cg16846691 (ITPR2), and cg09691393 (SLC6A3). Moreover, average methylation levels of these genes differed according to the presence or absence of abdominal obesity. Pathway analyses revealed a statistically significant contribution of the aforementioned genes to dopaminergic synapse transmission (p = 4.78E−08). Furthermore, SLC18A1 and SLC6A3 gene methylation signatures correlated with total energy (p < 0.001) and carbohydrate (p < 0.001) intakes.ConclusionsThe results of this investigation reveal that methylation status on DA signaling genes may underlie epigenetic mechanisms contributing to carbohydrate and calorie consumption and fat deposition.
Students' experimentation strategies in design: Is process data enough?
Authors: Vieira Camilo , Seah Ying Ying , Magana Alejandra J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConducting experiments is an important practice for both engineering design and scientific inquiry. Engineers iteratively conduct experiments to evaluate ideas, make informed decisions, and optimize their designs. However, both engineering design and scientific experimentation are open‐ended tasks that are not easy to assess. Recent studies have demonstrated how technology‐based assessments can help to capture and characterize these open‐ended tasks using unobtrusive data logging. This study builds upon a model to characterize students' experimentation strategies in design (ESD). Ten undergraduate students worked on a design challenge using a computer‐aided design (CAD) tool that captured all their interactions with the software. This “process data” was compared to “think‐aloud data,” which included students' explanations of their rationale for the experiments. The results suggest that the process data and the think‐aloud data have both affordances and limitations toward the goal of assessing students' ESD. While the process data was an effective approach to identify relevant sequences of actions, this type of data failed to ensure that students carried them out with a specific purpose. On the other hand, the think‐aloud data captured students' rationale for conducting experiments, but it depended on students' ability to verbalize their actions. In addition, the implementation of think‐aloud procedures and their analysis are time consuming tasks, and can only be done individually.
Tailoring the Selectivity of Bio‐Ethanol Transformation by Tuning the Size of Gold Supported on ZnZr10Ox Catalysts
Authors: He Rong , Men Yong , Liu Jixing , Wang Jinguo , An Wei , Huang Xiaoxiong , Song Weiyu , Liu Jian , Dai Sheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe selective bio‐ethanol cascade transformation to hydrocarbons over multifunctional catalysts is a highly promising sustainable pathway to high‐value chemicals and fuels. However, principles to control the selectivity of the bio‐ethanol transformation using the effects of the size of nanoparticle catalysts have remainedlargely unexplored. Here, using bio‐ethanol transformation reactions catalyzed by Au/ZnZr10Ox as examples, we demonstrate that changing the fashion of gold loading enables control over product distribution. Our results reveal that larger gold particles tendto show much higher selectivity for 1,3‐butadiene, whereas smaller gold nanoparticles favor the formation of acetaldehyde.This study uncovers general principles for tailoring the selectivity of bio‐ethanol transformation by carefully engineering the size of gold. It opens a new avenue for the rational design of multifunctional catalysts to enhance the production of desired reaction products in complex cascade reaction sequences.
Hierarchical Titanium Dioxide Nanowire/Metal–Organic Framework/Carbon Nanofiber Membranes for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Zhang Guping , Sheng Haibo , Chen Dongyun , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Lu Jianmei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhotocatalysis is an efficient approach to degrade hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used as a catalyst for H2S degradation. However, the low separation rate of photoinduced carriers and low gas adsorption ability of TiO2 limit its H2S photocatalytic decomposition rate. In this paper, single‐crystalline TiO2 nanowires are assembled on one‐dimensional carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and a tunable metal–organic framework (MOF) coating is fabricated on the surface of the TiO2 nanowires using a versatile step‐by‐step self‐assembly strategy. The excellent photocatalytic properties of the resulting membrane originate from the ability of the CNFs to rapidly transport charge carriers and the high and regenerable H2S adsorption ability of the MOF. The photocatalytic mechanism of the as‐prepared material was also discussed. Therefore, this work provides a promising method to improve the photocatalytic performance of H2S degradation.
Configurational Analysis by Residual Dipolar Coupling Driven Floating Chirality Distance Geometry Calculations
Authors: Immel Stefan , Köck Matthias , Reggelin Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new method implemented into a computer program (ConArch+) has been developed and applied to demonstrate the successful implementation of residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) in distance geometry (DG) calculations for the configurational assignment of chiral compounds. Unlike established protocols, the new approach combines floating chirality (fc) in 4D‐ and 3D‐distance bounds driven dynamics (DDD) calculations with structural information from RDCs. Thus, relative configurations of chiral compounds were generated only by observables (e.g., NOEs, RDCs) rendering tedious evaluations of calculated structures against RDCs obsolete. We demonstrate the potential of this novel procedure by the simultaneous determination of the configuration and the conformation of three natural products, (−)‐isopinocampheol (1), tubocurarine (2), and vincristine (3), as well as for diisopropylidene‐β‐d‐fructopyranose (4).
Recent Progress on Manganese‐Based Nanostructures as Responsive MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: García‐Hevia Lorena , Bañobre‐López Manuel , Gallo Juan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractManganese‐based nanostructured contrast agents (CAs) entered the field of medical diagnosis through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) some years ago. Although some of these Mn‐based CAs behave as classic T1 contrast enhancers in the same way as clinical Gd‐based molecules do, a new type of Mn nanomaterials have been developed to improve MRI sensitivity and potentially gather new functional information from tissues by using traditional T1 contrast enhanced MRI. These nanomaterials have been designed to respond to biological environments, mainly to pH and redox potential variations. In many cases, the differences in signal generation in these responsive Mn‐based nanostructures come from intrinsic changes in the magnetic properties of Mn cations depending on their oxidation state. In other cases, no changes in the nature of Mn take place, but rather the nanomaterial as a whole responds to the change in the environment through different mechanisms, including changes in integrity and hydration state. This review focusses on the chemistry and MR performance of these responsive Mn‐based nanomaterials.
Thermoresponsive Alignment Media in NMR Spectroscopy: Helix Reversal of a Copolyaspartate at Ambient Temperatures
Authors: Schwab Mira , Schmidts Volker , Thiele Christina M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPoly(aspartic acid esters) are known to form either right‐or left‐handed α‐helices depending on the ester group in the side chain, on solvent and/or on temperature. Polyphenethyl‐l‐aspartates (PPLA) exhibit a helix reversal from the right‐ to the left‐handed form with increasing temperature. We have recently reported the application of polyphenethylaspartates as helically chiral alignment media. The thermoresponsivity observed for these polymers offers the possibility to measure different orientations of analytes before and after helix reversal of the alignment medium at 373 K. Herein we present a synthesized copolymer of phenethyl‐ and benzylaspartate as a new alignment medium undergoing this helix reversal at 303–313 K. Thus, the measurement of residual dipolar couplings (RDC) before and after the helix reversal is allowed for at ambient temperatures. A complete sign change of all 1H–13C RDCs was observed, which is close to the highest possible difference in NMR spectra.
Simultaneous chiral analysis of amphetamine‐type stimulants and ephedrine by capillary electrophoresis coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Cui Xuezi , Liang Chen , Gong Feijun , Wang Rong , Ni Chunfang , Wu Yanhong , Chen Guiliang , Zhang Yurong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study focused on the chiral characteristics of methamphetamine seizures in Shanghai for inferring the synthetic pathways of drugs. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used for simultaneous chiral separation of amphetamine‐type stimulants and ephedrine, including S(+)‐amphetamine/R(−)‐amphetamine, S(+)‐methamphetamine/R(−)‐methamphetamine, (±)‐MDA (3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine), (±)‐MDMA (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine), (±)‐MDEA (3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐ethylamphetamine), d,l‐N‐ethylamphetamine, methylephedrine/methylpseudoephedrine, and 1S,2R(+)‐ephedrine/(−)‐ephedrine. The running buffer was 50‐mM ammonium formate (pH 2.2 was adjusted by 1‐M formic acid) containing 0.26% highly sulfated γ‐cyclodextrin as the chiral selector. All enantiomers were well resolved within 40 minutes by capillary electrophoresis at 20 kV in an uncoated fused‐silica capillary (50‐μm I.D. × 375‐μm O.D. × 90‐cm length) and detected by micro time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Twenty seized methamphetamine samples were determined by the established method. They were classified into two groups through their chiral characteristics.
Toward A New Model For Firm Internationalization: Conservative, Predictable, and Pacemaker Companies and Markets
Authors: Paul Justin , Sánchez‐Morcilio Rosarito 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThrough this article we develop a new model for the internationalization of firms, called the Conservative, Predictable and Pacemaker (CPP) model, for extending research in the domain of international business. The main purpose is to provide a new typology that can be used as a theoretical lens for future research and to motivate researchers to think beyond the established models, which are repeatedly used in many studies. This article is based on primary data collected from firms in the information technology sector in Puerto Rico. The CPP model may be useful for industry analysis and research dealing with the growth and internationalization of firms across industries and countries. © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of Induced Cardiospheres via Reprogramming of Mouse Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Lian Wei , Jia Yuning , Li Lingyun , Huang Zhong , Xu Jianyong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCardiospheres represent a more effective cell‐based therapy for treatment of myocardial infarction than stem cells of non‐cardiac origin. Unfortunately, their therapeutic application is limited by low yield of cell harvesting, declining quality and quantity during the aging process, and the need for highly invasive heart biopsy. Therefore, there is an emerging interest in generating cardiosphere‐like stem cells from somatic cells via somatic reprogramming. This novel approach would provide an unlimited source of stem cells with cardiac differentiation potential. Here we provide the detailed protocol for generating induced cardiospheres (iCS) for cardiac regeneration by somatic reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts using a panel of pluripotent transcription factors and cardiotrophic growth factors. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CYP3A4*22 Impairs the Elimination of Ticagrelor, But Has No Significant Effect on the Bioactivation of Clopidogrel or Prasugrel
Authors: Holmberg Mikko T. , Tornio Aleksi , Paile‐Hyvärinen Maria , Tarkiainen E. Katriina , Neuvonen Mikko , Neuvonen Pertti J. , Backman Janne T. , Niemi Mikko 
Published: July 2018

CYP3A enzymes participate in the elimination of ticagrelor and the bioactivation of clopidogrel and prasugrel. We studied the effects of functional CYP3A genetic variants (CYP3A4*22; rs35599367 and CYP3A5*3; rs776746) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ticagrelor, clopidogrel, and prasugrel. Six healthy volunteers with the CYP3A4*1/*22 and CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype (CYP3A4*22 carriers), eight with the CYP3A4*1/*1 and CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype (CYP3A5 expressors), and 11–13 with the CYP3A4*1/*1 and CYP3A5*3/*3 genotypes (controls) ingested single doses of ticagrelor, clopidogrel, and prasugrel on separate occasions. Ticagrelor area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) was 89% (P = 0.004) higher in CYP3A4*22 carriers than in controls. CYP3A4*22 carriers also showed more pronounced platelet inhibition at 24 hours after ticagrelor ingestion than the controls (43% vs. 21%; P = 0.029). The CYP3A5 genotype did not affect ticagrelor pharmacokinetics. Neither CYP3A5 nor CYP3A4 genotypes significantly affected prasugrel or clopidogrel. In conclusion, the CYP3A4*22 allele markedly impairs ticagrelor elimination enhancing its antiplatelet effect.
Operando Spectroscopy in Photocatalysis
Authors: Caudillo‐Flores Uriel , Muñoz‐Batista Mario J. , Kubacka Anna , Fernández‐García Marcos 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe use of operando spectroscopic tools in heterogeneous photocatalysis has experienced a strong drive in recent years. When using operando tools we must, however, consider carefully the fraction of the system to be probed in an in situ cell, that is, the volume under the simultaneous influence of excitation light and the reactants. This is not an obvious task for certain spectroscopies, particularly for those attempting to characterize the physico‐chemical state of the catalysts. Herein we provide an analysis of this point applied to spectroscopies such as XAS (X‐ray absorption spectroscopy) and complete the analysis of operando tools with those aimed to characterize the surface of the photocatalysts (XPS; X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) as well as those spectroscopies, such as infrared or Raman, focusing on the study of the reactant−catalyst interface.