bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships, biogeography and diversification of Coenonymphina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): intercontinental dispersal of a southern Gondwanan group?
Authors: Kodandaramaiah Ullasa , Braby Michael F. , Grund Roger , Müller Chris J. , Wahlberg Niklas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe origins, evolutionary history and diversification of the Australian butterfly fauna are poorly known and uncertain. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the occurrence of butterflies on this isolated continental landmass. The common view is that all Australian butterflies entered the continent relatively recently from the northern hemisphere via Southeast Asia and/or mainland New Guinea (i.e. northern dispersal origin hypothesis). The alternative view is that part or all of the Australian butterfly fauna ultimately evolved in remnant or Southern Gondwana when Australia was connected to South America through Antarctica (i.e. Southern Gondwanan origin hypothesis). However, robust phylogenies with strong support for monophyly are lacking for the majority of Australian endemic butterfly lineages, thereby precluding determination of their systematic relationships and hence their geographic origins. Here, we use molecular data to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of the globally distributed butterfly subtribe Coenonymphina (Satyrinae: Satyrini). This group represents a major component of the butterfly fauna of the wider Australasian region, with 19 genera and 71 species endemic to the region. Dating estimates extrapolated from secondary calibration sources indicate that the subtribe arose c. 48 Ma (95% credibility interval, 52–42 Ma), and the crown group first diverged in the Eocene (c. 44 Ma, 95% credibility interval 51–37 Ma). Rapid speciation events subsequently followed around the Eocence–Oligocene boundary, resulting in a near‐hard polytomy comprising short basal branches with nodes that are difficult to resolve. Based on strongly supported phylogenetic relationships and estimates of divergence times, we conclude that the group probably had its origin in the fragment of Southern Gondwana consisting of Australia, Antarctica and South America. However, we are unable to rule out the northern dispersal scenario, particularly as Coenonymphina are closely related to a set of predominantly Asian lineages. Dispersal and extinction events following the final break‐up of Gondwana have played a pivotal role in shaping the extant distributions of the group.
Effects of 5% sodium chloride ophthalmic ointment on thickness and morphology of the normal canine cornea
Authors: Samuel Michelle , Thomasy Sara M. , Calderon Allison S. , Kass Philip H. , Collins Keith , Murphy Christopher J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of 5% sodium chloride ophthalmic ointment (5% NaCl) on thickness and morphology of the normal canine cornea using ultrasonic pachymetry (USP), in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT).MethodsFive healthy laboratory Beagles received ophthalmic examinations includingUSP,IVCM, andFD‐OCTprior to and at fixed intervals following treatment. The right and left eyes were treated with 5% NaCl and artificial tears ophthalmic ointment (AT), respectively, every 2 hours for 4 treatments/d (days 2‐9), and then hourly for 7 treatments/d (day 10). Treatment groups were statistically compared using mixed‐effects linear regression.ResultsTreatment with 5% NaCl resulted in a 12 μm decrease in corneal thickness from baseline (P < .001), while there was no significant difference in corneal thickness between values obtained at baseline and following treatment withAT(P = .82). Epithelial cell density significantly increased from baseline (530 ± 52 cells/mm2) to 577 ± 43 and 567 ± 15 cells/mm2with 5% NaCl andAT, respectively (P = .003 and .005, respectively). However, keratocyte cell density in the anterior and posterior stroma and endothelial cell density did not significantly differ following treatment with 5% NaCl orATointment (P > .05).ConclusionsShort‐term topical treatment with 5% NaCl decreased corneal thickness in normal dogs with no observable changes in corneal morphology or signs of ocular toxicity.
Representativeness of a digitally engaged population and a patient organisation population with rheumatoid arthritis and their willingness to participate in research: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Costello Ruth , Jacklin Clare , Jameson Evans Matthew , McBeth John , Dixon William G 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo describe (1) the representativeness of (a) users of an online health community (HealthUnlocked.com (HU)) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and (b) paid members of an RA patient organisation, the National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society (NRAS), compared with the general RA population; and (2) the willingness of HU users with RA to participate in types of research (surveys, use of an app or activity tracker, and trials).MethodsA pop-up survey was embedded on HU to determine the characteristics of users and their willingness to participate in research. An anonymous data set of NRAS member characteristics was provided by the NRAS (N=2044). To represent the general RA population, characteristics of people with RA were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) (N=20 594). Cross-sectional comparisons were made across the three groups.ResultsCompared with CPRD, HU respondents (n=615) were significantly younger (49% aged below 55 years compared with 23% of CPRD patients), significantly more deprived (21% in the most deprived Townsend quintile compared with 12% of CPRD patients) and had more recent disease, with 62% diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 compared with 37% of CPRD patients. NRAS members were more similar to the CPRD, but significantly under-represented those aged 75 years or over and over-represented those aged 55–75 years compared with the CPRD. High proportions of HU users were willing to participate in future research of all types.ConclusionsNRAS members were broadly representative of the general RA population. HU users were younger, more deprived and more recently diagnosed. HU users were willing to participate in most types of research.
Bilateral distal ureteral transection in the setting of blunt trauma
Authors: Raygor Desiree , Cunningham James , Costa Joseph , Crandall Marie , Skarupa David 
Published: June 2018

A 69-year-old obese man was involved in a high-speed head-on motor vehicle collision. He was tachycardic and normotensive on arrival. He subsequently developed hemodynamic instability requiring blood transfusion. On examination he had bilateral pneumothoraces, an anterior-posterior compression (APC) pelvic fracture, an open wound at the left groin, and gross hematuria after Foley catheter placement.CT imaging revealed hemoperitoneum, right hepatic lobe grade II lacerations, splenic laceration, mesenteric root injury with extravasated contrast, intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal bladder rupture, bilateral ureteral injuries at the level of the pelvic inlet (see figure 1), APC pelvic fracture, bilateral rib fractures, pneumothoraces, and pulmonary contusions.Figure 1CT of the abdomen and pelvis with cystogram. Delayed images demonstrating accumulation of contrast in the retroperitoneum arising from the right and left ureter at the level of the pelvic brim. Extraluminal contrast from the intraperitoneal bladder injury is also identified.He underwent emergent exploratory laparotomy. Exploration confirmed the injuries noted on the CT scan. Hepatorrhaphy with abdominal and preperitoneal pelvic packing was performed. A large anterior bladder wall injury was visualized. Neither ureteral orifice was seen. The right ureter was completely transected at the level of the pelvic brim. The left ureter was decompressed and the full extent of its injury was not determined; however, the bladder injury left concern for a distal avulsion. The patient continued to be in shock.What would you do?Reconstruct the urinary bladder and reimplant bilateral ureters.Ligate the ureter and prepare for pelvic embolization and nephrostomy tubes.Continue to explore looking for the full extent of the left ureter.Externalize the ureters to the abdominal wall with the open abdomen.
A novel bioluminescence-based method to investigate uptake of bile acids in living cells
Authors: Ticho Alexander L. , Lee Hyunjin , Gill Ravinder K. , Dudeja Pradeep K. , Saksena Seema , Lee Daesung , Alrefai Waddah A. 
Published: June 2018

Bile acid transporters, including the ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and the hepatic sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), are crucial for the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Our objective was to develop a method for measuring bile acid transporter activity in real time to precisely evaluate rapid changes in their function. We designed a reporter system relying on a novel probe: cholic acid attached to luciferin via a disulfide-containing, self-immolating linker (CA-SS-Luc). Incubation of human embryonic kidney-293 cells coexpressing luciferase and ASBT with different concentrations of CA-SS-Luc (0.01–1 μM) resulted in bioluminescence with an intensity that was concentration- and time-dependent. The bioluminescence measured during incubation with 1 μM CA-SS-Luc was dependent on the levels of ASBT or NTCP expressed in the cells. Coincubation of CA-SS-Luc with natural bile acids enhanced the bioluminescence in a concentration-dependent manner with kinetic parameters for ASBT similar to those previously reported using conventional methods. These findings suggest that this method faithfully assesses ASBT function. Further, incubation with tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor III (PTPIII) led to significantly increased bioluminescence in cells expressing ASBT, consistent with previous studies showing an increase in ASBT function by PTPIII. We then investigated CA-SS-Luc in isolated mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Ileal enterocytes displayed significantly higher luminescence compared with jejunal enterocytes, indicating a transport process mediated by ileal ASBT. In conclusion, we have developed a novel method to monitor the activity of bile acid transporters in real time that has potential applications both for in vitro and in vivo studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article reports the development of a real-time method for measuring the uptake of bile acids using a bioluminescent bile acid-based probe. This method has been validated for measuring uptake via the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and the sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide in cell culture and ex vivo intestinal models.
Validation of noninvasive photoacoustic measurements of sagittal sinus oxyhemoglobin saturation in hypoxic neonatal piglets
Authors: Kang Jeeun , Boctor Emad M. , Adams Shawn , Kulikowicz Ewa , Zhang Haichong K. , Koehler Raymond C. , Graham Ernest M. 
Published: June 2018

We hypothesize that noninvasive photoacoustic imaging can accurately measure cerebral venous oxyhemoglobin saturation (So2) in a neonatal model of hypoxia-ischemia. In neonatal piglets, which have a skull thickness comparable to that of human neonates, we compared the photoacoustic measurement of sagittal sinus So2against that measured directly by blood sampling over a wide range of conditions. Systemic hypoxia was produced by decreasing inspired oxygen stepwise (i.e., 100, 21, 19, 17, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, and 10%) with and without unilateral or bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries to enhance hypoxia-ischemia. Transcranial photoacoustic sensing enabled us to detect changes in sagittal sinus O2saturation throughout the tested range of 5–80% without physiologically relevant bias. Despite lower cortical perfusion and higher oxygen extraction in groups with carotid occlusion at equivalent inspired oxygen, photoacoustic measurements successfully provided a robust linear correlation that approached the line of identity with direct blood sample measurements. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for discriminating So2<30% showed an area under the curve of 0.84 for the pooled group data, and 0.87, 0.91, and 0.92 for hypoxia alone, hypoxia plus unilateral occlusion, and hypoxia plus bilateral occlusion subgroups, respectively. The detection precision in this critical range was confirmed with sensitivity (87.0%), specificity (86.5%), accuracy (86.8%), positive predictive value (90.5%), and negative predictive value (81.8%) in the combined dataset. These results validate the capability of photoacoustic sensing technology to accurately monitor sagittal sinus So2noninvasively over a wide range and support its use for early detection of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present data to validate the noninvasive photoacoustic measurement of sagittal sinus oxyhemoglobin saturation. In particular, this paper demonstrates the robustness of this methodology during a wide range of hemodynamic and physiological changes induced by the stepwise decrease of fractional inspired oxygen to produce hypoxia and by unilateral and bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries preceding hypoxia to produce hypoxia-ischemia. This technique may be useful for diagnosing risk of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Near-infrared spectroscopy using indocyanine green dye for minimally invasive measurement of respiratory and leg muscle blood flow in patients with COPD
Authors: Louvaris Zafeiris , Habazettl Helmut , Wagner Harrieth , Zakynthinos Spyros , Wagner Peter , Vogiatzis Ioannis 
Published: June 2018

Reliability of near-infrared spectroscopy, measuring indocyanine green (ICG) for minimally invasive assessment of relative muscle blood flow during exercise has been examined in fit young individuals but not in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here we ask whether it could be used to evaluate respiratory and locomotor muscle perfusion in COPD patients. Vastus lateralis muscle blood flow (MBF, the reference method calculated from arterial and muscle ICG concentration curves) and a blood flow index [BFI, calculated using only the (same) muscle ICG concentration curves] were compared in 10 patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 51 ± 6% predicted) at rest and during cycling at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of peak work rate (WRpeak). Intercostal muscle MBF and BFI were also compared during isocapnic hyperpnea at rest, reproducing ventilation levels up to those at WRpeak. Intercostal and vastus lateralis BFI increased with increasing ventilation during hyperpnea (from 2.5 ± 0.3 to 4.5 ± 0.7 nM/s) and cycling load (from 1.0 ± 0.2 to 12.8 ± 1.9 nM/s), respectively. There were strong correlations between BFI and MBF for both intercostal ( r = 0.993 group mean data, r = 0.872 individual data) and vastus lateralis ( r = 0.994 group mean data, r = 0.895 individual data). Fold changes from rest in BFI and MBF did not differ for either the intercostal muscles or the vastus lateralis. Group mean BFI data showed strong interrelationships with respiratory and cycling workload, and whole body metabolic demand ( r ranged from 0.913 to 0.989) simultaneously recorded during exercise. We conclude that BFI is a reliable and minimally invasive tool for evaluating relative changes in respiratory and locomotor muscle perfusion from rest to peak exercise in COPD patient groups. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) detection of indocyanine green dye (ICG) after peripheral venous injection adequately reflects intercostal and locomotor muscle perfusion during exercise and hyperpnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mean, individual, and fold change responses from rest to exercise or hyperpnea correlated closely with the reference method, which requires arterial sampling. NIRS-ICG is a reliable, robust, and essentially noninvasive tool for assessing relative changes in intercostal and locomotor muscle perfusion in COPD patient groups.
Intermittent hypoxia improves behavioral and adrenal gland dysfunction induced by posttraumatic stress disorder in rats
Authors: Manukhina Eugenia B. , Tseilikman Vadim E. , Tseilikman Olga B. , Komelkova Maria V. , Kondashevskaya Marina V. , Goryacheva Anna V. , Lapshin Maxim S. , Platkovskii Pavel O. , Alliluev Anatoly V. , Downey H. Fred 
Published: June 2018

Nonpharmacological treatments of stress-induced disorders are promising, since they enhance endogenous stress defense systems, are free of side effects, and have few contraindications. The present study tested the hypothesis that intermittent hypoxia conditioning (IHC) ameliorates behavioral, biochemical, and morphological signs of experimental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) induced in rats with a model of predator stress (10-day exposure to cat urine scent, 15 min daily followed by 14 days of stress-free rest). After the last day of stress exposure, rats were conditioned in an altitude chamber for 14 days at a 1,000-m simulated altitude for 30 min on day 1 with altitude and duration progressively increasing to 4,000 m for 4 h on day 5. PTSD was associated with decreased time spent in open arms and increased time spent in closed arms of the elevated X-maze, increased anxiety index, and increased rate of freezing responses. Functional and structural signs of adrenal cortex degeneration were also observed, including decreased plasma concentration of corticosterone, decreased weight of adrenal glands, reduced thickness of the fasciculate zone, and hydropic degeneration of adrenal gland cells. The thickness of the adrenal fasciculate zone negatively correlated with the anxiety index. IHC alleviated both behavioral signs of PTSD and morphological evidence of adrenal cortex dystrophy. Also, IHC alone exerted an antistress effect, which was evident from the increased time spent in open arms of the elevated X-maze and a lower number of rats displaying freezing responses. Therefore, IHC of rats with experimental PTSD reduced behavioral signs of the condition and damage to the adrenal glands. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intermittent hypoxia conditioning (IHC) has been shown to be cardio-, vaso-, and neuroprotective. For the first time, in a model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study showed that IHC alleviated both PTSD-induced behavioral disorders and functional and morphological damage to the adrenal glands. Also, IHC alone exerted an antistress effect. These results suggest that IHC may be a promising complementary treatment for PTSD-associated disorders.
Interplay between ShcA Signaling and PGC-1α Triggers Targetable Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Breast Cancer
Authors: Im Young Kyuen , Najyb Ouafa , Gravel Simon-Pierre , McGuirk Shawn , Ahn Ryuhjin , Avizonis Daina Z. , Chénard Valérie , Sabourin Valerie , Hudson Jesse , Pawson Tony , Topisirovic Ivan , Pollak Michael , St-Pierre Julie , Ursini-Siegel Josie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The ShcA adaptor protein transduces oncogenic signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases. We show here that breast tumors engage the ShcA pathway to increase their metabolism. ShcA signaling enhanced glucose catabolism through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, rendering breast cancer cells critically dependent on glucose. ShcA signaling simultaneously increased the metabolic rate and flexibility of breast cancer cells by inducing the PGC-1α transcriptional coactivator, a central regulator of mitochondrial metabolism. Breast tumors that engaged ShcA signaling were critically dependent on PGC-1α to support their increased metabolic rate. PGC-1α deletion drastically delayed breast tumor onset in an orthotopic mouse model, highlighting a key role for PGC-1α in tumor initiation. Conversely, reduced ShcA signaling impaired both the metabolic rate and flexibility of breast cancer cells, rendering them reliant on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic reprogramming exposed a targetable metabolic vulnerability, leading to a sensitization of breast tumors to inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I (biguanides). Genetic inhibition of ShcA signaling in the Polyoma virus middle T (MT) breast cancer mouse model sensitized mammary tumors to biguanides during the earliest stages of breast cancer progression. Tumor initiation and growth were selectively and severely impaired in MT/ShcA-deficient animals. These data demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming is a key component of ShcA signaling and serves an unappreciated yet vital role during breast cancer initiation and progression. These data further unravel a novel interplay between ShcA and PGC-1α in the coordination of metabolic reprogramming and demonstrate the sensitivity of breast tumors to drugs targeting oxidative phosphorylation.
Significance: This study uncovers a previously unrecognized mechanism that links aberrant RTK signaling with metabolic perturbations in breast cancer and exposes metabolic vulnerabilities that can be targeted by inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. Cancer Res; 78(17); 4826–38. ©2018 AACR.
ВАЛІДАЦІЯ МЕТОДИКИ КІЛЬКІСНОГО СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧНОГО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВЕРАПАМІЛУ ГІДРОХЛОРИДУ У СКЛАДІ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ФОРМ
Authors: Sulyma M. I. , Ogurtsov V. V. , Zhuk Yu. M. , Vasyuk S. O. 
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи. Валідація методики кількісного спектрофотометричного визначення верапамілу гідрохлориду у складі лікарських форм згідно з ДФУ за такими валідаційними характеристиками, як лінійність, діапазон застосування, специфічність, прецизійність, правильність та робасність.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використано робочий стандартний зразок верапамілу гідрохлориду, бромкрезоловий зелений (БКЗ), зразки готових лікарських форм вітчизняного та закордонного виробництва. Реагенти і розчинники: стандартний зразок дилтіазему, бромкрезоловий зелений, ацетон. Аналітичне обладнання: спектрофотометр Specord 200, ваги електронні АВТ-120-5DM, ультразвукова баня ELMASONICE60 H.Результати й обговорення. Експериментально встановлено, що верапамілу гідрохлорид взаємодіє з бромкрезоловим зеленим у середовищі ацетону з утворенням забарвленої сполуки з максимумом абсорбції при 409 нм. Проведено валідацію розробленої методики. Визначено основні валідаційні характеристики, а саме лінійність, прецизійність, правильність, робасність та діапазон застосування. Лінійність методики підтверджується у всьому діапазоні концентрацій 60–135 % (1,9648–4,4208 мг/100 мл). Запропонована методика відповідає вимогам ДФУ, які висувають до методик кількісного аналізу лікарських речовин.Висновки. Проведено валідацію спектрофотометричної методики кількісного визначення верапамілу гідрохлориду у складі лікарських форм згідно зі стандартизованою процедурою валідації методом стандарту. Доведено, що за такими валідаційними характеристиками як лінійність, специфічність, прецизійність, правильність та робасність методика є валідною.