bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic-scale thermal manipulation with adsorbed atoms on a solid surface at a liquid-solid interface
Authors: Fujiwara Kunio , Shibahara Masahiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractModulating thermal transport through interfaces is one of the central issues in nanoscience and nanotechnology. This study examined thermal transport between atoms adsorbed on a solid surface and a liquid phase based on non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. The heat flux was detected at sub-atomic spatial resolution, yielding a two-dimensional map of local heat flux in the vicinity of the adsorbed atoms on the surface. Based on the detected heat flux, the possibility of atomic-scale thermal manipulation with the adsorbed atoms was examined by varying the interaction strengths between the liquid molecules and atoms adsorbed on the surface. The results of the local heat flux at the single-atom scale clearly showed effects of the adsorbed atoms on the thermal transport through the liquid-solid interface; they can significantly enhance the heat flux at the single-atom scale using degrees of freedom normal to the macroscopic temperature gradient. The effect was especially evident for a low wettability surface, which provides key information on local enhancement at the single-atom scale of the thermal transport through a liquid-solid interface.
Unsupervised machine learning using an imaging mass spectrometry dataset automatically reassembles grey and white matter
Authors: Nampei Makoto , Horikawa Makoto , Ishizu Keisuke , Yamazaki Fumiyoshi , Yamada Hidemoto , Kahyo Tomoaki , Setou Mitsutoshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCurrent histological and anatomical analysis techniques, including fluorescence in situ hybridisation, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy and fluorescent fusion protein, have revealed great distribution diversity of mRNA and proteins in the brain. However, the distributional pattern of small biomolecules, such as lipids, remains unclear. To this end, we have developed and optimised imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), a combined technique incorporating mass spectrometry and microscopy, which is capable of comprehensively visualising biomolecule distribution. We demonstrated the differential distribution of phospholipids throughout the cell body and axon of neuronal cells using IMS analysis. In this study, we used solarix XR, a high mass resolution and highly sensitive MALDI-FT-ICR-MS capable of detecting higher number of molecules than conventional MALDI-TOF-MS instruments, to create a molecular distribution dataset. We examined the diversity of biomolecule distribution in rat brains using IMS and hypothesised that unsupervised machine learning reconstructs brain structures such as the grey and white matters. We have demonstrated that principal component analysis (PCA) can reassemble the grey and white matters without assigning brain anatomical regions. Hierarchical clustering allowed us to classify the 10 groups of observed molecules according to their distributions. Furthermore, the group of molecules specifically localised in the cerebellar cortex was estimated to be composed of phospholipids.
A causal study of the phenomenon of ultrasound neurostimulation applied to an in vivo invertebrate nervous model
Authors: Vion-Bailly Jérémy , N’Djin W. Apoutou , Suarez Castellanos Ivan Mauricio , Mestas Jean-Louis , Carpentier Alexandre , Chapelon Jean-Yves 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFocused ultrasound are considered to be a promising tool for the treatment of neurological conditions, overcoming the limitations of current neurostimulation techniques in terms of spatial resolution and invasiveness. Much evidence to support the feasibility of ultrasound activation of neurons at the systemic level has already been provided, but to this day, the biophysical mechanisms underlying ultrasound neurostimulation are still widely unknown. In order to be able to establish a clear and robust causality between acoustic parameters of the excitation and neurobiological characteristics of the response, it is necessary to work at the cellular level, or alternatively on very simple animal models. The study reported here responds to three objectives. Firstly, to propose a simple nervous model for the study of the ultrasound neurostimulation phenomenon, associated with a clear and simple experimental protocol. Secondly, to compare the characteristics of this model’s nervous response to ultrasound neurostimulation with its nervous response to mechanical and electrical stimulation. Thirdly, to study the role played by certain acoustic parameters in the success rate of the phenomenon of ultrasound stimulation. The feasibility of generating action potentials (APs) in the giant axons of an earthworm’s ventral nerve cord, using pulsed ultrasound stimuli (f = 1.1 MHz, Ncycles = 175–1150, PRF = 25–125 Hz, Npulses = 20, PA = 2.5–7.3 MPa), was demonstrated. The time of generation (TOG) of APs associated with ultrasound stimulation was found to be significantly shorter and more stable than the TOG associated with mechanical stimulation (p < 0.001). By applying a causal approach to interpret the results of this study, it was concluded that, in this model, the nervous response to focused ultrasound is initiated along the afferent neurons, in between the mechanosensors and the synaptic connections with the giant axons. Additionally, early results are provided, highlighting a trend for the success rate of ultrasound neurostimulation and number of APs triggered per response to increase with increasing pulse repetition frequency (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), increasing pulse duration and increasing pulse amplitude.
A new ecology-on-a-chip microfluidic platform to study interactions of microbes with a rising oil droplet
Authors: White Andrew R. , Jalali Maryam , Sheng Jian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdvances in microfluidics technology has enabled many discoveries on microbial mechanisms and phenotypes owing to its exquisite controls over biological and chemical environments. However, emulating accurate ecologically relevant flow environments (e.g. microbes around a rising oil droplet) in microfluidics remains challenging. Here, we present a microfluidic platform, i.e. ecology-on-a-chip (eChip), that simulates environmental conditions around an oil droplet rising through ocean water as commonly occurred during a deep-sea oil spill or a natural seep, and enables detailed observations of microbe-oil interactions at scales relevant to marine ecology (i.e. spatial scales of individual bacterium in a dense suspension and temporal scales from milliseconds to weeks or months). Owing to the unique capabilities, we present unprecedented observations of polymeric microbial aggregates formed on rising oil droplets and their associated hydrodynamic impacts including flow fields and momentum budgets. Using the platform with Pseudomonas, Marinobacter, and Alcarnivorax, we have shown that polymeric aggregates formed by them present significant differences in morphology, growth rates, and hydrodynamic impacts. This platform enables us to investigate unexplored array of microbial interactions with oil drops.
Impaired neurocognitive and psychomotor performance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Tadin Hadjina Ivana , Zivkovic Piero Marin , Matetic Andrija , Rusic Doris , Vilovic Marino , Bajo Diana , Puljiz Zeljko , Tonkic Ante , Bozic Josko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLimited evidence exists regarding cognitive and psychomotor function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we aimed to compare the neurocognitive and psychomotor function of 60 IBD patients with 60 age/sex-matched controls. Computer-based instrument Complex Reactinometer Drenovac (CRD) was used for assessment of cognitive domains: convergent thinking (simple mathematical tasks; CRD-11), perceptive abilities (light signal position discrimination; CRD-311) and sophisticated operative thinking (complex psychomotor coordination; CRD-411). The most important analyzed parameters were total test solving time (TTTS); minimal time of particular test solving (TMIN) and total number of wrong reactions (NER). Performance in all three cognitive tests showed statistically significantly longer TTTS and TMIN in IBD patients (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in NER. Aforementioned findings were adjusted for BMI, age and duration of education. Our study has shown impaired neurocognitive and psychomotor function in IBD patients compared to controls, especially in mental processing speed and mental endurance of perceptive abilities, convergent thinking and complex operative thinking.
Quantitative screening of the effects of hyper-osmotic stress on cancer cells cultured in 2- or 3-dimensional settings
Authors: Miermont Agnes , Lee Sharon Wei Ling , Adriani Giulia , Kamm Roger D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe maintenance of precise cell volume is critical for cell survival. Changes in extracellular osmolarity affect cell volume and may impact various cellular processes such as mitosis, mitochondrial functions, DNA repair as well as cell migration and proliferation. Much of what we know about the mechanisms of cell osmoregulation comes from in vitro two-dimensional (2D) assays that are less physiologically relevant than three-dimensional (3D) in vitro or in vivo settings. Here, we developed a microfluidic model to study the impact of hyper-osmotic stress on the migration, proliferation and ion channel/transporter expression changes of three metastatic cell lines (MDA-MB-231, A549, T24) in 2D versus 3D environments. We observed a global decrease in cell migration and proliferation upon hyper-osmotic stress treatment, with similar responses between 2D and 3D conditions. Specific ion channels/aquaporins are over-expressed in metastatic cells and play a central role during osmo-regulation. Therefore, the effects of hyper-osmotic stress on two transporters, aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and the transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPV4), was investigated. While hyper-osmotic stress had no major impact on the transporters of cells cultured in 2D, cells embedded in collagen gel (3D) decreased their AQP5 expression and exhibited a reduction in intra-cellular translocation of TRPV4. Furthermore, cell dispersion from T24 aggregates embedded in 3D collagen gel decreased with higher levels of hyper-osmotic stress. In conclusion, this study provides evidence on the impact of hyper-osmotic stress on various aspects of metastatic cell progression and highlights the importance of having a 3D cell culture platform in investigating molecular players involved in cancer cell migration.
Whole Genome Sequencing of the Mutamouse Model Reveals Strain- and Colony-Level Variation, and Genomic Features of the Transgene Integration Site
Authors: Meier Matthew J. , Beal Marc A. , Schoenrock Andrew , Yauk Carole L. , Marchetti Francesco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe MutaMouse transgenic rodent model is widely used for assessing in vivo mutagenicity. Here, we report the characterization of MutaMouse’s whole genome sequence and its genetic variants compared to the C57BL/6 reference genome. High coverage (>50X) next-generation sequencing (NGS) of whole genomes from multiple MutaMouse animals from the Health Canada (HC) colony showed ~5 million SNVs per genome, ~20% of which are putatively novel. Sequencing of two animals from a geographically separated colony at Covance indicated that, over the course of 23 years, each colony accumulated 47,847 (HC) and 17,677 (Covance) non-parental homozygous single nucleotide variants. We found no novel nonsense or missense mutations that impair the MutaMouse response to genotoxic agents. Pairing sequencing data with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) improved the accuracy and resolution of copy number variants (CNVs) calls and identified 300 genomic regions with CNVs. We also used long-read sequence technology (PacBio) to show that the transgene integration site involved a large deletion event with multiple inversions and rearrangements near a retrotransposon. The MutaMouse genome gives important genetic context to studies using this model, offers insight on the mechanisms of structural variant formation, and contributes a framework to analyze aCGH results alongside NGS data.
Bone loss caused by dopaminergic degeneration and levodopa treatment in Parkinson’s disease model mice
Authors: Handa Kazuaki , Kiyohara Shuichi , Yamakawa Tomoyuki , Ishikawa Koji , Hosonuma Masahiro , Sakai Nobuhiro , Karakawa Akiko , Chatani Masahiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Inagaki Katsunori , Kiuchi Yuji , Takami Masamichi , Negishi-Koga Takako 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence have shown the association of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with osteoporosis. Bone loss in PD patients, considered to be multifactorial and a result of motor disfunction, is a hallmark symptom that causes immobility and decreased muscle strength, as well as malnutrition and medication. However, no known experimental evidence has been presented showing deleterious effects of anti-PD drugs on bone or involvement of dopaminergic degeneration in bone metabolism. Here, we show that osteoporosis associated with PD is caused by dopaminergic degeneration itself, with no deficit of motor activity, as well as treatment with levodopa, the current gold-standard medication for affected patients. Our findings show that neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic degeneration resulted in bone loss due to accelerated osteoclastogenesis and suppressed bone formation, which was associated with elevated prolactin. On the other hand, using an experimental model of postmenopausal osteoporosis, dopaminergic degeneration did not result in exacerbation of bone loss due to estrogen deficiency, but rather reduction of bone loss. Thus, this study provides evidence for the regulation of bone metabolism by the dopaminergic system through both gonadal steroid hormone-dependent and -independent functions, leading to possible early detection of osteoporosis development in individuals with PD.
A ribosomal protein S5 isoform is essential for oogenesis and interacts with distinct RNAs in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kong Jian , Han Hong , Bergalet Julie , Bouvrette Louis Philip Benoit , Hernández Greco , Moon Nam-Sung , Vali Hojatollah , Lécuyer Éric , Lasko Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Drosophila melanogaster there are two genes encoding ribosomal protein S5, RpS5a and RpS5b. Here, we demonstrate that RpS5b is required for oogenesis. Females lacking RpS5b produce ovaries with numerous developmental defects that undergo widespread apoptosis in mid-oogenesis. Females lacking germline RpS5a are fully fertile, but germline expression of interfering RNA targeting germline RpS5a in an RpS5b mutant background worsened the RpS5b phenotype and blocked oogenesis before egg chambers form. A broad spectrum of mRNAs co-purified in immunoprecipitations with RpS5a, while RpS5b-associated mRNAs were specifically enriched for GO terms related to mitochondrial electron transport and cellular metabolic processes. Consistent with this, RpS5b mitochondrial fractions are depleted for proteins linked to oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial respiration, and RpS5b mitochondria tended to form large clusters and had more heterogeneous morphology than those from controls. We conclude that RpS5b-containing ribosomes preferentially associate with particular mRNAs and serve an essential function in oogenesis.
Body Weight at Birth: The Only Risk Factor Associated with Contralateral Clavicular Fracture in Patients with Congenital Muscular Torticollis
Authors: Lee Zeeihn , Cho Joo Young , Lee Byung Joo , Kim Jong Min , Park Donghwi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo date and to the best of our knowledge, there have been limited studies on the risk factor of clavicle fracture combined with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT), despite it being the most common fracture in newborns. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with clavicular fracture combined with CMT, and its effect on prognosis. In this study, a total of 134 infants with CMT were included. The risk factors associated with clavicular fracture combined with CMT were analyzed. To analyze the correlation between the clinical parameters and the clavicular fracture in patients with CMT, demographic data, such as body weight at birth, maternal age, gender, gestational age, delivery method, sternocleidomastoid (SCM) thickness of ipsilateral side, its ratio between the ipsilateral and contralateral side, and the first visitation date after birth were evaluated. In the results of this study, the clavicular fracture was found in 15 of 134 patients with CMT (19%). In multivariate logistic analysis, the body weight at birth was the only significant parameter for predicting clavicular fracture in patients with CMT (p-value < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference of treatment duration between CMT infants with or without clavicular fracture. In infants with CMT, the area under the ROC curve of the body weight at birth for predicting clavicular fracture was 0.659 (95% CI, 0.564–0.745.; p < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value obtained from the maximum Youden index J was 3470 g (sensitivity: 57.14%, specificity: 75.76%), and the odd ratio of clavicular fracture in patients with CMT increased by 1.244 times for every 100 g of body weight at birth. In conclusion, birth weight appears to be a clinical predictor of clavicular fracture in infants with CMT. More studies and discussions are needed on whether any screening should be recommended for detecting the concurrent clavicular fracture in subjects with CMT.
Evaluating the Contribution of Executive Functions to Language Tasks in Cognitively Demanding Contexts
Authors: Obermeyer Jessica , Schlesinger Julie , Martin Nadine 
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which the executive functions of attention switching and inhibition predicted performance on language subtests from the Temple Assessment of Language and (Verbal) Short-Term Memory in Aphasia (TALSA;
N. Martin, Minkina, Kohen, &Kalinyak-Fliszar, 2018
) across 3 interval conditions (no delay, 5-s delay, and 5-s filled delay), which was designed to add a memory and executive load to language tasks.

Method
This study was a post hoc experimental design. Participants included 27 people with aphasia who were administered 5 subtests from the TALSA (Naming, Word Repetition, Nonword Repetition, Category Judgment, and Rhyming Judgment), which were selected to evaluate input and output levels of processing in the 3 interval conditions listed above. Three executive tasks were administered to evaluate inhibition (Simon and Flanker tasks) and attention switching (number–letter shifting).

Results
Independent variables were proportion correct on each TALSA task in 3 separate time conditions, and predictor variables were efficiency on the Simon task and number–letter shifting task. Linear regression modeling was completed, which revealed that inhibition was a significant predictor of proportion correct for Word Repetition and Category Judgment in the 5-s filled interval condition.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that inhibition plays a role in completing tasks that require lexical and/or semantic processing in cognitively demanding conditions. Attention switching was not a significant predictor for any task. These results are an important step toward creating methods to evaluate executive skills in the context of language production.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9765107
Voice Function in Gender-Diverse People Assigned Female at Birth: Results From a Participant-Centered Mixed-Methods Study and Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Azul David , Neuschaefer-Rube Christiane 
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were indications of restrictions to voice function in our group of gender-diverse people assigned female at birth (GD people
AFAB
) and whether the participants would benefit from professional voice support.

Method

We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional, mixed-methods study combining qualitative content analyses of semistructured interviews, phoniatric examinations, and acoustical voice analyses. Fourteen German-speaking GD people
AFAB
participated. The data were examined for indications of restrictions to voice function according to the results of participant self-evaluation, auditory-perceptual analyses, laryngostroboscopic examinations, and acoustical measurements.

Results
All participants presented with indications of restrictions to voice function, with vocal power, voice quality, singing voice, laryngeal function, pitch range/variability, and vocal control having found to be most frequently affected (in over 60% of participants). Sixty-four percent of participants expressed an interest in professional voice support, with clinicians and researchers recommending professional voice support for 67% and 71%, respectively.

Conclusions

GD people
AFAB
may experience restrictions to a range of domains of voice function and request or be recommended to participate in professional voice support. Research into this area needs to be intensified so that a more in-depth understanding of the potential voice problems GD people
AFAB
might experience can be produced and members of this group can be provided with more comprehensive, evidence-based, and high-quality professional support if and when they need it.
IC 4665 DANCe
Authors: Miret-Roig N. , Bouy H. , Olivares J. , Sarro L. M. , Tamura M. , Allen L. , Bertin E. , Serre S. , Berihuete A. , Beletsky Y. , Barrado D. , Huélamo N. , Cuillandre J.-C. , Moraux E. , Bouvier J. 
Published: September 2019

Context.The study of star formation is extremely challenging, due to the lack of complete and clean samples of young nearby clusters and star-forming regions. The recentGaiaDR2 catalogue complemented with the deep ground-based COSMIC DANCe catalogue offers a new database of unprecedented accuracy to revisit the membership of clusters and star-forming regions. The 30 Myr open cluster IC 4665 is one of the few well-known clusters of this age and it is an excellent target where evolutionary models can be tested and planetary formation studied.Aims.We provide a comprehensive membership analysis of IC 4665 and study the following properties: empirical isochrones, distance, magnitude distribution, present-day system mass function, and spatial distribution.Methods.We used theGaiaDR2 catalogue together with the DANCe catalogue to look for members via a probabilistic model of the distribution of the observable quantities in both the cluster and background populations.Results.We obtained a final list of 819 candidate members that cover a 12.4 magnitude range (7 <  J <  19.4). We find that 50% are new candidates, and we estimate a conservative contamination rate of 20%. This unique sample of members allows us to obtain a present-day system mass function in the range of 0.02–6M⊙, which reveals a number of details not seen in previous studies. In addition, we find that a spherically symmetric spatial distribution is favoured by our final list of members for this young open cluster.Conclusions.Our membership analysis represents a significant increase in the quantity and quality (low contamination) with respect to previous studies. It offers an excellent opportunity to revisit other fundamental parameters such as age.