bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinctive courtship phenotype of the Vogelkop Superb Bird-of-ParadiseLophorina nieddaMayr, 1930 confirms new species status
Authors: Scholes Edwin , Laman Timothy G. 
Published: April 2018

The birds-of-paradise (Aves: Paradisaeidae) are a quintessential example of elaborate ornamental diversification among animals. Ornamental evolution in the birds-of-paradise is exemplified by the presence of a highly integrated courtship phenotype, which is the whole package of plumage ornaments, behaviors and sounds that each species uses during courtship. Characterizing a species’ courtship phenotype is therefore a key part of evolutionary and taxonomic investigation in the group. With its unprecedented transmogrification from bird-like form into something abstract and otherworldly, the courtship phenotype of the Superb Bird-of-Paradise,Lophorina superba,is one of the most remarkable of all. Recent research by Irestedt et al. (2017) suggests that the genusLophorinais not a single species but is likely a complex of three allopatric species spanning the island of New Guinea:L. nieddain the Bird’s Head Peninsula of the west,L. superbathroughout the central cordillera andL. minorin the Papuan Peninsula of the east. Of these,nieddais the most phenotypically divergent with plumage traits hypothesized to possibly produce differences in ornamental appearance during display. However, the whole courtship phenotype ofnieddahas not been documented and so the actual extent of differences in ornamental appearance during courtship remain unknown. Here we analyze the first audiovisual recordings ofnieddaand compare its courtship phenotype withsuperbato test the hypothesis of potential differences in ornamental appearance.Our main goals are to: (1) provide the first description of the courtship phenotype ofnieddain the wild, (2) determine if and how thenieddacourtship phenotype differs fromsuperbaand (3) evaluate any uncovered differences in light ofniedda’snewly recognized species status. Our secondary goal is to provide a more thorough characterization of courtship phenotype diversity within the genusLophorinato facilitate future comparative study within the genus and family.Results show that thenieddacourtship phenotype differs substantially fromsuperbain numerous aspects of ornamental appearance, display behavior and sound. We highlight six key differences and conclude that the new species status ofnieddais corroborated by the distinctly differentiated ornamental features documented here.With full species status,nieddabecomes the fourth endemic bird-of-paradise to the Bird’s Head region of Indonesian New Guinea (i.e., the Vogelkop Peninsula), a fact that underscores the importance of this region as a center of endemic biodiversity worthy of enhanced conservation protection.
Natural history bycatch: a pipeline for identifying metagenomic sequences in RADseq data
Authors: Holmes Iris , Davis Rabosky Alison R. 
Published: April 2018

Background
Reduced representation genomic datasets are increasingly becoming available from a variety of organisms. These datasets do not target specific genes, and so may contain sequences from parasites and other organisms present in the target tissue sample. In this paper, we demonstrate that (1) RADseq datasets can be used for exploratory analysis of tissue-specific metagenomes, and (2) tissue collections house complete metagenomic communities, which can be investigated and quantified by a variety of techniques.

Methods
We present an exploratory method for mining metagenomic “bycatch” sequences from a range of host tissue types. We use a combination of the pyRAD assembly pipeline, NCBI’s blastn software, and custom R scripts to isolate metagenomic sequences from RADseq type datasets.

Results
When we focus on sequences that align with existing references in NCBI’s GenBank, we find that between three and five percent of identifiable double-digest restriction site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequences from host tissue samples are from phyla to contain known blood parasites. In addition to tissue samples, we examine ddRAD sequences from metagenomic DNA extracted snake and lizard hind-gut samples. We find that the sequences recovered from these samples match with expected bacterial and eukaryotic gut microbiome phyla.

Discussion
Our results suggest that (1) museum tissue banks originally collected for host DNA archiving are also preserving valuable parasite and microbiome communities, (2) that publicly available RADseq datasets may include metagenomic sequences that could be explored, and (3) that restriction site approaches are a useful exploratory technique to identify microbiome lineages that could be missed by primer-based approaches.
Diagnóstico laboratorial das meningites bacterianas
Authors: Fonseca Fernanda Machado , De Santana Synara Cecília , Fonseca Marcela Machado , Terra Ana Paula Sarreta , Sarmento Ronaldo Rodrigues 
Published: April 2018

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: x-small;">A despeito dos avanços tecnológicos em relação ao diagnóstico, à patogênese e ao tratamento, a meningite bacteriana ainda permanece como importante doença de distribuição mundial, cujo diagnóstico se apoia, principalmente, no exame bacteriológico. Mesmo com o avanço das técnicas moleculares, o diagnóstico microbiológico continua sendo amplamente utilizado e, portanto, merece atenção especial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre os principais métodos microbiológicos para o diagnóstico das meningites bacterianas e seus principais agentes causadores, visto que a identificação precisa do agente etiológico permite a correta utilização da terapia farmacológica, o que diminui significativamente os riscos de desenvolvimento de sequelas neurológicas. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; text-indent: 36pt;">Abstract:</span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">Despite technological advances in the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment, bacterial meningitis still remains an important disease of worldwide distribution in which the diagnosis relies mainly on bacteriological examination. Even with the advances in molecular techniques, microbiologic diagnosis is still widely used and therefore deserves special attention. The aim of this study was a literature review on the main microbiological methods for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and its main agents, since the precise identification of the agent allows the correct use of drug therapy which significantly reduces the risk of developing neurological sequelae.</span></p></span></span></span>
Importância da imagem por ressonância magnética nos estudos dos processos interativos dos órgãos e sistemas
Authors: Madureira Luiz Claudio Almeida , Oliveira Conceição Silva , Seixas Camila , Nardi Vanessa De , Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia , Alves Crésio 
Published: April 2018

<div>A imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) foi desenvolvida a partir da década de 70 do século passado e se tornou uma </div><div>pedra angular para a neurociência. Na IRM, os tecidos biológicos são submetidos a um campo magnético que faz com que núcleos de hidrogênio (prótons) sejam orientados, vibrem em torno do seu eixo, emitam energia e gerem imagens dos diversos tipos de tecido. A técnica de IRM fundamenta-se em três etapas: alinhamento, excitação e detecção de radiofrequência. A IRM funcional é produzida a partir da glicólise oxidativa. A técnica de imagem por difusão ponderada (IDP) explora as diferenças de propriedade de difusão da água, e a imagem por ressonância magnética por tensor de difusão (ITD) permite o estudo in vivo dos tecidos fibrosos. Essas técnicas tornaram possível a visualização dos diferentes processos fisiológicos, bioquímicos, celulares e moleculares, de forma a fornecer informações diretas sobre os processos interativos dos órgãos e sistemas.</div>
Aplicações de enxertos de bancos de ossos em Odontologia
Authors: Souza Delano Oliveira , De Almeida Junior Erasmo Cerqueira , Barreto Isabela Cerqueira , Oliveira Thaís Feitosa L. de , Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia de 
Published: April 2018

<div>A regeneração de defeitos ósseos representa um grande desafio para a área biomédica, pois muitas lesões produzem sequelas com comprometimentos funcionais ou estéticos que reduzem a qualidade de vida do indivíduo afetado. Sendo assim, enxertos ósseos podem ser utilizados para o tratamento do tecido ósseo perdido. Os enxertos ósseos autógenos são eleitos como os de primeira escolha, pela sua eficiência, biossegurança e facilidade de obtenção, porém apresentam algumas desvantagens e limitações. A utilização de homoenxertos, provenientes de bancos de ossos, representa uma alternativa aos enxertos ósseos autógenos e demonstra ser uma ferramenta bastante útil para a odontologia, com a finalidade de regenerar o tecido ósseo </div><div>perdido dos maxilares. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre as principais aplicações e indicações dos enxertos de bancos de ossos em Odontologia.</div>
Tratamento de múltiplos lipomas de língua: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Souza Cristina Gomes , Souza Delano Oliveira , Nunes Thales De Souza , Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia 
Published: April 2018

<div>O lipoma é um tumor benigno de células adiposas, sendo particularmente raro quando múltiplo, de patogênese incerta, constituindo o neoplasma mesenquimal mais comum, com aparecimento em qualquer parte do corpo, principalmente no tecido subcutâneo do pescoço, sendo raro na cavidade bucal. Consiste em massas nodulares moles, de crescimento insidioso e assintomático. Sua frequência na cavidade oral é de 1% a 5% das neoplasias orais. Este trabalho tem por finalidade a apresentação de um relato de caso clínico de um paciente portador de múltiplos lipomas localizados em bordas bilaterais da língua, tratados com excisão local conservadora, sob anestesia geral. É relatado o diagnóstico clínico e imaginológico, a terapêutica empregada e a proservação.</div>
The learning benefits of teaching: A retrieval practice hypothesis
Authors: Koh Aloysius Wei Lun , Lee Sze Chi , Lim Stephen Wee Hun 
Published: April 2018

SummaryTeaching educational materials to others enhances the teacher's own learning of those to‐be‐taught materials, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the learning‐by‐teaching benefit is possibly a retrieval benefit. Learners (a) solved arithmetic problems (i.e., they neither taught nor retrieved; control group), (b) taught without relying on teaching notes (i.e., they had to retrieve the materials while teaching; teaching group), (c) taught with teaching notes (i.e., they did not retrieve the materials while teaching; teaching without retrieval practice [TnRP] group), or (d) retrieved (i.e., they did not teach but only practised retrieving; retrieval practice group). In a final comprehension test 1 week later, learners in the teaching group, as did those in the retrieval practice group, outperformed learners in the TnRP and control groups. Retrieval practice possibly causes the learning benefits of teaching.
Cucurbit[n]uril Supramolecular Hydrogel Networks as Tough and Healable Adhesives
Authors: Liu Ji , Scherman Oren A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSupramolecular noncovalent interactions are widely found in natural adhesion phenomena to control macroscopic adhesion and accomplish a variety of complex functions. Such supramolecular adhesives could impart the interfaces with intriguing properties, e.g., energy dissipation and self‐healing, on account of their dynamic nature. Here, we demonstrate that cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])‐based supramolecular hydrogel networks can function as dynamic adhesives for diverse nonporous (e.g., glass, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and titanium) and porous substrates (wood and bone). Without any surface prefunctionalization or introduction of curing agents, these CB[8] hydrogel networks can be readily applied by curing around the softening temperature, forming a tough and healable adhesive interlayer. The ability to fabricate a robust sandwich model consisting of substrate–CB[8] hydrogel network–substrate enables a number of applications including stretchable and wearable electronics, hybrid systems for biomedical devices or tissue/bone regeneration.
Bioengineered Porous Silicon Nanoparticles@Macrophages Cell Membrane as Composite Platforms for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fontana Flavia , Albertini Silvia , Correia Alexandra , Kemell Marianna , Lindgren Rici , Mäkilä Ermei , Salonen Jarno , Hirvonen Jouni T. , Ferrari Franca , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBiohybrid nanosystems are at the center of personalized medicine, affording prolonged circulation time and targeting to the disease site, and serving as antigenic sources of vaccines. The optimization and functionality parameters of these nanosystems vary depending on the properties of the core particles. In this work, the effects of the core particles' surface charge and hydrophobicity are evaluated on the nanosystem coating with vesicles derived from plasma membrane. The measured parameters are the dimensions, surface charge, shape, and stability of the biohybrid nanosystems, both in buffer and in biologically relevant media (plasma and simulated synovial fluid). Moreover, the cytocompatibility properties of the developed nanosystems are evaluated in different cell lines mimicking the target cell populations and other districts of the body involved in the distribution and elimination of the nanoparticles. Finally, the immunological profile of the particles is investigated, highlighting the absence of immune activation promoted by the nanoplatforms.
Coacervation‐Mediated Combinatorial Synthesis of Biomatrices for Stem Cell Culture and Directed Differentiation
Authors: Wieduwild Robert , Wetzel Richard , Husman Dejan , Bauer Sophie , El‐Sayed Iman , Duin Sarah , Murawala Priyanka , Thomas Alvin Kuriakose , Wobus Manja , Bornhäuser Martin , Zhang Yixin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCombinatorial screening represents a promising strategy to discover biomaterials for tailored cell culture applications. Although libraries incorporating different biochemical cues have been investigated, few simultaneously recapitulate relevant biochemical, physical, and dynamic features of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, a noncovalent system based on liquid–liquid phase separation (coacervation) and gelation mediated by glycosaminoglycan (GAG)‐peptide interactions is reported. Multiple biomaterial libraries are generated using combinations of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and poly(ethylene glycol)‐conjugated peptides. Screening these biomaterials reveals preferred biomatrices for the attachment of six cell types, including primary mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and primary neural precursor cells (NPCs). Incorporation of GAGs sustains the expansion of all tested cell types comparable to standard cell culture surfaces, while osteogenic differentiation of MSC and neuronal differentiation of NPC are promoted on chondroitin and heparan biomatrices, respectively. The presented noncovalent system provides a powerful tool for developing tissue‐specific ECM mimics.
Syntheses and Properties of Metal Nanomaterials with Novel Crystal Phases
Authors: Cheng Hongfei , Yang Nailiang , Lu Qipeng , Zhang Zhicheng , Zhang Hua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn recent decades, researchers have devoted tremendous effort into the rational design and controlled synthesis of metal nanomaterials with well‐defined size, morphology, composition, and structure, and great achievements have been reached. However, the crystal‐phase engineering of metal nanomaterials still remains a big challenge. Recent research has revealed that the crystal phase of metal nanomaterials can significantly alter their properties, arising from the distinct atomic arrangement and modified electronic structure. Until now, it has been relatively uncommon to synthesize metal nanomaterials with novel crystal phases in spite of the fact that these nanostructures would be promising for various applications. Here, the research progress regarding the fine control of noble metal (Au, Ag, Ru, Rh, Pd) and non‐noble metal (Fe, Co, Ni) nanomaterials with novel crystal phases is reviewed. First, synthesis strategies and their phase transformations are summarized, while highlighting the peculiar characteristics of each element. The phase‐dependent properties are then discussed by providing representative examples. Finally, the challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are proposed.
3D Nanofabrication via Chemo‐Mechanical Transformation of Nanocrystal/Bulk Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Guo Jiacen , Yu Yao , Wu Yaoting , Yun Hongseok , Jishkariani Davit , Chen Wenxiang , Greybush Nicholas J. , Kübel Christian , Stein Aaron , Murray Christopher B. , Kagan Cherie R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPlanar nanocrystal/bulk heterostructures are transformed into 3D architectures by taking advantage of the different chemical and mechanical properties of nanocrystal and bulk thin films. Nanocrystal/bulk heterostructures are fabricated via bottom‐up assembly and top‐down fabrication. The nanocrystals are capped by long ligands introduced in their synthesis, and therefore their surfaces are chemically addressable, and their assemblies are mechanically “soft,” in contrast to the bulk films. Chemical modification of the nanocrystal surface, exchanging the long ligands for more compact chemistries, triggers large volume shrinkage of the nanocrystal layer and drives bending of the nanocrystal/bulk heterostructures. Exploiting the differential chemo‐mechanical properties of nanocrystal and bulk materials, the scalable fabrication of designed 3D, cell‐sized nanocrystal/bulk superstructures is demonstrated, which possess unique functions derived from nanocrystal building blocks.
Designs and Strategies for the Halo‐Functionalization of Diazo Compounds
Authors: Khanal Hari Datta , Thombal Raju S. , Maezono Shizuka Mei B. , Lee Yong Rok 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOrgano halides and their derivatives have received much attention in both the design and development of new synthetic reagents, drugs, and functional materials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances and strategies in the halo‐functionalization of diazo compounds, including halogenation, dihalogenation, dihaloolefination, trifluoromethylation, trifluoromethylthiolation, and trifluoromethoxylation, using diverse halogenating agents. Special emphasis is placed on the challenges and achievements of these halogenation strategies. For selected examples, mechanisms leading to unusual reactivities and selectivities are discussed in detail to show the impressive and unique properties of these halogenation reactions. Furthermore, we hope to encourage the scientific community to explore the benefits of using diazo compounds as a straightforward and step‐economic alternative approach to the construction of carbon‐halogen bonds.magnified image
Risk assessment of morbidities after right hemicolectomy based on the National Clinical Database in Japan
Authors: Yoshida Takahiro , Miyata Hiroaki , Konno Hiroyuki , Kumamaru Hiraku , Tangoku Akira , Furukita Yoshihito , Hirahara Norimichi , Wakabayashi Go , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Mori Masaki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveNationwide databases are expected to provide critical data to improve medical practice. The present study used such data to develop risk models for clinically important outcomes after right hemicolectomy based on preoperative risk factors.MethodsJapan's National Clinical Database (NCD) identified 38 030 cases of right hemicolectomy in the years 2011 and 2012. These were used to analyze correlations between mortality and eight selected clinical outcomes of interest by Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). To construct risk models for the eight selected clinical outcomes, 80% of all the examined cases were extracted randomly as a development cohort, and preoperative risk factors for each clinical outcome were identified using a forward stepwise selection method. Morbidities predicted from the risk models were used to find areas under the receiver operator curves among the remaining 20% of the testing cohort.ResultsThe following clinical outcomes were identified as highly associated with operative mortality: systemic sepsis (r = .360), renal failure (r = .341), unplanned intubation (r = .316) and central nervous system (CNS) occurrences (r = .301). Risk models containing up to 21 preoperative variables were constructed for these eight postoperative clinical outcomes. Predictive values of the eight models were as follows: surgical site infections (0.634), anastomotic leakage (0.656), systemic sepsis (0.816), pneumonia (0.846), unplanned intubation (0.838), renal failure (0.883), CNS occurrences (0.833) and transfusion >5 units (0.846).ConclusionsThis study indicated that the NCD‐generated risk models for six of the eight selected critical postoperative outcomes had high discrimination among right hemicolectomy patients. These risk models can accurately identify high‐risk patients prior to surgery.
Validity and significance of 30‐day mortality rate as a quality indicator for gastrointestinal cancer surgeries
Authors: Mizushima Tsunekazu , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Marubashi Shigeru , Kamiya Kinji , Wakabayashi Go , Miyata Hiroaki , Seto Yasuyuki , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and AimBenchmarking has proven beneficial in improving the quality of surgery. Mortality rate is an objective indicator, of which the 30‐day mortality rate is the most widely used. However, as a result of recent advances in medical care, the 30‐day mortality rate may not cover overall surgery‐related mortalities. We examined the significance and validity of the 30‐day mortality rate as a quality indicator.MethodsThe present study was conducted on cancer surgeries of esophagectomy, total gastrectomy, distal gastrectomy, right hemicolectomy, low anterior resection, hepatectomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy that were registered in the first halves of 2012, 2013 and 2014 in a Japanese nationwide large‐scale database. This study examined the mortality curve for each surgical procedure, “sensitivity of surgery‐related death” (capture ratio) at each time point between days 30‐180, and the association between mortality within 30 days, mortality after 31 days, and preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative factors.ResultsSurgery‐related mortality rates of each surgical procedure were 0.6%‐3.0%. Regarding 30‐day mortality rates, only 38.7% (esophagectomy) to 53.3% (right hemicolectomy) of surgery‐related mortalities were captured. The capture ratio of surgery‐related deaths reached 90% or higher for 120‐day to 150‐day mortality rates. Factors associated with mortality rate within 30 days/after the 31st day were different, depending on the type of surgical procedure.ConclusionThirty‐day mortality rate is useful as a quality indicator, but is not necessarily sufficient for all surgical procedures. Quality of surgery may require evaluation by combining 30‐day mortality rates with other indicators, depending on the surgical procedure.