bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten: Medikamentöse Therapie
Authors: Wiedemann Andreas , Becher Klaus , Bojack Barbara , Ege Sigrid , von der Heide Silke , Kirschner-Hermanns Ruth 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung 1/2019 wurde ein update der seit 2005 in AWMF eingestellten und fortlaufend aktualisierten Leitlinie „Harninkontinenz bei geriatrischen Patienten – Diagnostik und Therapie“ durch die interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe „Harninkontinenz“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geriatrie (DGG) publiziert. Aus dieser Leitlinie, die als offizielle Leitlinie DGG akkreditiert ist, stellt der vorliegende Artikel das Kapitel „Medikamentöse Therapie“ dar.
Methodik In einem strukturierten Bewertungsprozess identifizierte eine Literaturrecherche zunächst die vorhandene Literatur im Kontext des „geriatrischen Patienten“, wie er als zumeist über 70jährig und multimorbid oder über 80jährig durch die Fachgesellschaften definiert ist. Primäre Berücksichtigung fanden randomisierte, doppelblinde, plazebokontrollierte Studien sowie bereits vorhandene Leitlinien zum Thema. Wo keine solchen Untersuchungen vorlagen oder aus methodischen Gründen prinzipiell nicht durchführbar sind, wurden auch Publikationen anderen Designs (nicht randomisierte Untersuchungen, Fallkontrollstudien) zur Leitlinienerstellung herangezogen. Die daraus resultierenden Leitlinienempfehlungen wurden in einem strukturierten Abstimmungsprozess unterzogen; das Ergebnis ist in Prozent der zustimmenden Gruppenmitgliedern angegeben.
Ergebnisse Die medikamentöse Therapie der Überaktiven Blase, der Belastungsharninkontinenz und der Überlaufinkontinenz sowie die unspezifische medikamentöse Therapie mit Antidiuretika wurde vor dem besonderen Hintergrund des vulnerablen, potentiell kognitiv eingeschränkten und im Rahmen der Multimorbidität und Multimedikation durch Medikamenteninteraktionen besonders gefährdeten Patienten betrachtet. Dabei fand das relevante Nebenwirkungsprofil der eingesetzten Substanzen besondere Berücksichtigung.
Schlussfolgerungen Eine medikamentöse Therapie der Harninkontinenz bedarf bei den besonders vulnerablen, häufig multimedizierten Patienten eine besonders sorgfältige Indikationsstellung und Überwachung in Kenntnis des spezifischen Risiko- und Nebenwirkungsprofils der eingesetzten Substanzen.
50 Jahre Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Doehn Christian 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten 50 Jahren konnten auch beim Nierenzellkarzinom viele Wissenlücken geschlossen werden. Die Pathologie hat zu einer einheitlichen Klasifikation gefunden und verschiedene histologische Subtypen detektiert. Beim klarzelligen Nierenzellkarzinom kommt dem (mutierten) von-Hippel-Lindau-Gen auf dem Chromosom 3 eine überragende Bedeutung zu. Die operative Therapie des nichtmetastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms hat über die radikale Nephrektomie zu einer dem Tumorstadium angemessenen Operation mit Belassen der Nebeniere und Etablierung der nierenerhaltenden Operationstechniken gefunden. Dies geschieht heute zunehmend laparoskopisch bzw. roboterassitiert. Noch minimal-inasiver ist dann nur die Kryoablation, Radiofrequenzablation oder die aktive Überwachung – jeweils für den kleinen Nierentumor bis 4 cm und strenger Indikationsstellung. Beim metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinom dominiert die systemische Therapie. Schnell war erkannt, dass Chemotherapeutika nicht zur Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms geeignet sind. Die Ära der Zytokintherapie – immerhin über 20 Jahre eingesetzt – ist unvergessen. Die fortgeschriebenen Erkenntnisse zur Mutation des von-Hippel-Lindau-Gens mit Akkumulation des hypoxieinduzierenden Faktors und nachfolgend erhöhter Transkription von vaskulärem endothelialem Wachstumsfaktor (VEGF) waren Rationale für den erfolgreichen Einsatz von Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren, mTOR-Inhibitor und VEGF-Antikörpern wie wir sie seit 2006 kennen. Der Einsatz der Checkpoint-Inhibitoren hat die systemische Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms erneut und relevant verändert.
Effect of Eyelid Involvement in the Reconstruction of Medial Canthal Defects
Authors: Altin Ekin Meryem , Karadeniz Ugurlu Seyda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to present surgical techniques for the reconstruction of medial canthal defects with and without the involvement of the eyelid. This study included 31 patients who underwent medial canthal reconstruction after tumor excision during a 6-year period. Data regarding patient demographics, defect size, tumor pathology, surgery techniques, functional and cosmetic outcomes, and complications were recorded. The reconstructive methods used in the study were divided into groups as per the site of the defect (medial canthal, medial canthal with upper eyelid, medial canthal with lower eyelid, and medial canthal with both eyelids). The most common histopathological diagnosis of the lesions was basal cell carcinoma (74.2%). Postoperative complications (6.4%) included flap necrosis in one patient and lid margin notching in another. Among patients who underwent reconstruction, 8 (25.8%) had only medial canthal defect, 6 (19.3%) had medial canthal defect extending to the upper eyelid, 7 (22.6%) had medial canthal defect extending to the lower eyelid, and 10 (32.3%) had medial canthal defect extending to both the eyelids. The functional outcome was regarded as normal in 30 (96.8%) patients and limited in 1 (3.2%) patient. Cosmetic outcomes were satisfactory in all the patients. The use of alternative reconstructive approaches for different subunits of the medial canthus is an efficient method to achieve superior functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Expertise acquisition through deliberate practice
Authors: Angelone Erik , Marín García Álvaro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In his influential 2006 publication, Shreve, in citing Ericsson (1996, 21), outlines a series of fundamental conditions that must be met in order for the translator to acquire expertise. While expertise research on professional translator performance in authentic contexts has only recently started to gain traction in earnest, these conditions for expertise acquisition, while well-suited for academic contexts involving formal translator training, may not be as readily realizable within the language industry. In an attempt to complement recent workplace studies on translation (Risku and Windhager 2013; Ehrensberger-Dow 2014), our questionnaire-based explorative study sets out to gain a better understanding of how expertise in translation is conceptualized and fostered from within the language industry. By gauging how professional translators, as well as the project managers for whom they work, regard expertise from the perspective of the requisite conditions outlined by Shreve, we hope to establish greater clarity as to how expertise is envisioned, practiced, and valued along emic lines.
English films vs Italian films
Authors: Zago Raffaele 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to address issues of comparability between English and Italian film dialogues. A comparison is drawn between dispersed words and n-grams extracted from the original English component, from the dubbed Italian component and from the original Italian component of the Pavia Corpus of Film Dialogue (Freddi and Pavesi 2009a; Pavesi et al. 2014; Zago 2018) via the WordSmith Tools software (Scott 2011). Besides identifying cross-linguistic dimensions of comparability between non-translated films, the paper examines the linguistic profile of dubbed Italian films against the background of both the language of original English films – the source texts – and the language of original Italian films. The findings suggest that film dialogue is a cross-linguistically stable register driven by the need to represent orality as well as by diegetic concerns.
Performing ‘the people’?
Authors: Önnerfors Andreas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyses the construction of the people (das Volk) in the populist style of politics as performed in the German PEGIDA-movement. Pointing at the ambiguities of the term in the German political post-unification discourse, he demonstrates how PEGIDA traces its legacy back to the GDR citizen movement and to the idea of resistance against a dictatorial system still awaiting a final redemption. PEGIDA presents Das Volk as the legitimate representative of the German population, threatened in its very existence by the machinations of a toxic combination of evil-minded domestic elites and trans-national migration. Önnerfors locates the linguistic and performative strategies of PEGIDA within a larger European New Right (ENR) discourse and argues that it combines elements from mono- and multifascism.
“The people” in the discourse of the Romanian government and opposition
Authors: Levonian Raluca Mihaela 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article analyzes the discourse of the government and opposition parties in Romania, between 2011 and 2012. It examines the construction of “the people” as a popular subject, by applying both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results show that the government tended to present “the people” as the only agents responsible for their material well-being, while denying the possibility for them to influence the decisions taken in the political sphere. In contrast, the opposition focused on the representation of the Romanian citizens as voters who have the democratic right to decide their rulers. The opposition parties attributed to the state the responsibility for general prosperity. The opposition constructs an extended chain of equivalences between the demands of various socio-professional categories forming “the people” and a marked dichotomy between “the people” and the governing elites, which are subsequently equated with the communist dictatorship.
The Volk (‘people’) and its modes of representation by Alternative für Deutschland-AfD (‘Alternative for Germany’)
Authors: Ayerbe Linares Miguel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The concept of the German ‘people’ is central in the discourses of the new political party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), which emerged on the political scene in 2013. Characterised as a right-wing populist Eurosceptic party, AfD presents itself as giving voice to the German ‘people’, its concerns and fears, in counterposition to other political groupings which it describes as etabliert (established) or Altparteien (old parties). These parties, it asserts, have betrayed the German people both economically and culturally, and this has been exacerbated by their responses to recent migratory movements. In this context, it is pertinent to ask what the term ‘(German) people’ actually means for this political movement: what are its representatives referring to when they speak of the ‘(German) people’? Who are the ‘people’ whose legitimate representative AfD claims to be? What words are used to describe them, and how are they represented in their relationships to other players, such as the government, the established parties, the EU, or migrants and refugees? The present study will focus on the following sources: the bulletin AfD-Kompakt, the election manifestos, and the Twitter accounts of the party and its leader Frauke Petry. First, I analyse the lexemes used to refer to the people, taking into account their connotations in the historical context of German nationalism. Secondly, I conduct a qualitative analysis of key excerpts from these sources in which the ‘people’ are represented in their relationship with their various adversaries. Finally, I bring these ideas together to consider the AfD’s characteristic mode of representation, that is, the way in which it legitimises its claims to speak for the German people.
A meta-analysis of the effects of instruction and corrective feedback on L2 pragmatics and the role of moderator variables
Authors: Yousefi Marziyeh , Nassaji Hossein 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a meta-analysis of 39 published studies conducted during the last decade (from 2006 to 2016) on the effects of instruction and corrective feedback on learning second language (L2) pragmatics. The study meta-analyzed the effects of instruction in terms of several moderator variables including mode of instruction, type of instruction, outcome measures, length of instruction, language proficiency, and durability of the instructional effects. It was found that (a) computer-assisted instruction generated larger effects than face-to-face instruction, (b) instruction was generally more effective for L2 pragmatic comprehension than production, (c) instruction produced larger effects when tested by selected response outcome measures although different patterns were observed across explicit-implicit categories, (d) longer treatments generated a larger effect size than shorter treatments, (e) studies conducted with intermediate level learners produced larger effect sizes than beginner or advanced level learners, and (f) the observed effects of instruction were maintained.
Discursive portrayal of Islam as “a part of America’s story” in Obama’s presidential speeches
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyyed-Abdolhamid , Noori Mahdieh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the image portrayed of Islam and Muslims in official speeches of the former US President, Barack Obama during his two terms in office. Applying qualitative data coding procedures and based on a Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) approach, we examine 377 speeches delivered in the period of 2009–2016 within the macro context of US involvements in contemporary international politics to uncover the discursive image of Islam and Islamic attributes projected and subtly reproduced over time by Obama during his presidency. The outcome comprises four major themes shaped around the notions of America’s fundamental values; Dialogue with Muslim communities; Defining good Islam; and Defining bad Muslims. Through a detailed discussion of the discursive construction of these themes and specifically referring to their lexical highlights, we illustrate aspects of Islam-related issues in the view of an American president.
Attitudes to flat adverbs and English usage advice
Authors: Lukač Morana , van Ostade Ingrid Tieken-Boon 
Published: August 2019

Widespread as they are in non-standard and informal varieties of English, flat or suffixless adverbs are
subject to prescriptive criticism when appearing in standard English. In the present study we repeated the survey by
Mittins et al. (1970) in Attitudes to English Usage to
investigate whether the acceptability of flat adverbs has changed since the late 1960s. Our findings suggest that
acceptability has grown over the past fifty years, with flat adverbs losing their status of a usage problem. The
analysis of the Hyper Usage Guide of English database suggests the same. Interestingly, we identified a new usage
problem related to the usage of adverbs, one primarily associated with American English, the dual-pair adverb,
thus/thusly.
Centrally‐mediated regulation of peripheral fatigue during knee extensor exercise and consequences on the force‐duration relationship in older men
Authors: Zarzissi Slim , Zghal Firas , Bouzid Mohamed Amine , Hureau Thomas J. , Sahli Sonia , Ben Hassen Habib , Rebai Haithem 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a critical threshold beyond which peripheral fatigue would not further decrease during knee extensor (KE) exercise in older men, and the consequences of this mechanism on the force‐duration relationship. Twelve old men (59 ± 2 years) randomly performed two different sessions, in which they performed 60 maximum voluntary contractions (MVC; 3s contraction, 2s relaxation). One trial was performed in the unfatigued state (CTRL) and one other following fatiguing neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the KE (FNMES). Peripheral and central fatigue were quantified via pre/post‐exercise decreases in quadriceps twitch‐force (Δ Ptw) and voluntary activation (ΔVA). Critical torque (CT) was determined as the mean force of the last 12 contractions while W′ was calculated as the area above CT. Compared with CTRL, pre‐fatigue (Δ Ptw = −10.3 ± 6.2%) resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in W’ (−18.2 ± 1.6%) in FNMES. However, CT (∼964 N), ΔVA (∼15%) and Δ Ptw (∼25%) post‐MVCs were similar between both conditions. In CTRL, W’ was correlated with Δ Ptw (r 2 = 0.78). Moreover, the difference in W’ between CTRL and FNMES was correlated with the level of pre‐fatigue induced in FNMES (r 2 = 0.76). These findings document that peripheral fatigue is confined to an individual threshold during KE exercise in older men. Furthermore, correlative results suggest that mechanisms regulating peripheral fatigue to a critical threshold also restrict W’, and therefore play a role in exercise capacity in older men.
Specific prime movers’ excitation during free‐weight bench press variations and chest press machine in competitive bodybuilders
Authors: Coratella Giuseppe , Tornatore Gianpaolo , Longo Stefano , Esposito Fabio , Cè Emiliano 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe current study compared the muscle excitation in free‐weight bench press variations and chest press machine. Ten competitive bodybuilders were recruited. The EMG‐RMS amplitude of clavicular and sternocostal head of pectoralis major, long head of triceps brachii and anterior and lateral deltoid was recorded while performing horizontal (BP), inclined (45°) (IBP) or declined (−15°) bench press (DBP) and chest press machine (CP). Four non‐exhaustive repetitions were performed using 80% of 1‐repetition maximum of each exercise. Both concentric and eccentric phases were recorded. During the concentric phase, [d effect size: 2.78/7.80] clavicular head was more excited in IBP and less excited in CP (d: −9.69/−4.39) compared to all other exercises. The sternocostal head was similarly excited in DBP vs. BP and BP vs. CP and more excited (d: 2.42/9.92) compared to IBP. Triceps brachii excitation was overall greater (d: 2.01/6.75) in BP and DBP compared to all other exercises. Anterior deltoid was less excited (d: 3.84/19.77) in DBP compared to all other exercises. Lateral deltoid excitation was greater (d: 0.96/3.10) in BP, IBP and DBP compared to CP. Muscle excitation during the eccentric phase followed a similar pattern, with the exception of the greater (d: 3.89/11.32) excitation in the clavicular head in BP compared to all other exercises. The present outcomes showed that the excitation of the clavicular and sternocostal head of pectoralis major depends on the bench inclination angle. The use of BP variations vs. CP allows overall greater triceps brachii and lateral deltoid excitation, due to the greater instability.
Reduction of Environmental Load by Telecommuting in Oku-Nikko
Authors: Muto Daiki , Yokoo Noriyoshi , Fujiwara Kisa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Heat island phenomenon is occurring in the 23 wards of Tokyo and a vacant house is increasing in Oku-Nikko, so carbon dioxide emissions reduction and application of vacant house may happen by working in Oku-Nikko by means of telecommuting in summer. The Oku-Nikko area has a cool climate peculiar to the mountains in the area of Nikko city at an altitude of about 1270m to about 2500m, the average temperature in August is about 19 ° C, about 8 ° C lower than the center of the city, and It has gained a high reputation as a summer resort for a very long time. On the other hand, as the population declines due to young people moving out of the area and natural declines, the depopulation of the area has progressed and the tourism industry is the subject of the local industry, but the aging of facilities and manpower shortage due to depopulation etc. As the tourism industry declined, the number of buildings no longer used increased, the number of empty buildings increased in Oku-Nikko. Therefore, people using the telework usually work in urban areas work in Oku - Nikko in the summer, effectively utilizing the empty buildings, can also be expected to lead to the revitalization of the area. In this study, this study calculated the carbon dioxide emissions due to air conditioning in houses and offices during the two months of summer and the carbon dioxide emissions associated with commuting, and compared the total value with Oku-Nikko in the 23 wards of Tokyo. As a result, it comes out that carbon dioxide emissions of air conditioning and commuting may be able to become less about 70% than before.
Agent-based simulation on the effect of policies on long-term energy conservation at an area level
Authors: Ohto Y , Akashi Y , Lim J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Japan has promoted energy saving in commercial buildings through various policies such as mandatory standards for energy performance, spread of energy labelling, and relevant subsidies. For more efficient policy making, we need to know which measures are effective and how those measures should be combined. We aim to predict the effects of energy saving policies on long-term energy conservation at an area level. This study presents an agent-based simulation model which is composed of building owner agents (OA) and tenant agents (TA). This model can simulate interacts of agents in the area, where OA adjusts the rent for a building and makes a decision for retrofits, and TA moves into a building that maximize its benefits. In the simulation process, we consider not only a positive effect of policy implementation, e.g. energy conservation, but also negative effects: a risk of reducing attractiveness of the area. Therefore, in this paper, we set up an external area in addition to the mainly observed area where simulation is carried out and considered more feasible policies which prevent building tenants from moving to the external area. As a result, we found some important conclusions to achieve both growth of the area and energy conservation.
How could public sectors facilitate to procure professional energy management service for buildings?
Authors: Yashiro Tomonari 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Professional energy management service could be the useful measure to reduce greenhouse gas emission from the operation of residential and commercial buildings because it can provide professional knowledge to set up the optimized solution that is suitable to the specific conditions and contexts of each building. Though technologies relating to energy management service have been progressed intensively due to the fruit of rapidly undergoing digitalization, the service does not establish business eco-system yet. The paper discusses how policy measures could enhance the dissemination of the service. It focuses on the aspect that public sectors could be the largest client to the emerging service. Based on the debate with policymakers in which the author has committed, the paper identifies significant issues to be considered to establish a standardized contractual framework to procure the service by public sectors. Once the framework is formulated, it could be usable as a template for the standardized template for the procurement contract among the service providers and clients including private sectors and individual owners and users of buildings.