bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afterword
Authors: Finegan Edward 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEdward Finegan, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics and Law at the University of Southern California, provides this afterword to synthesize and provide commentary on the six articles in this issue. He has been involved with research on register for more than 30 years, publishing a large number of empirical studies on register and the bookSociolinguistic Perspectives on Register(Biber & Finegan 1994, Oxford University Press). He is also co-author on theLongman Grammar of Spoken and Written English(Biber, Johansson, Leech, Conrad, & Finegan 1999, Longman), the first comprehensive reference grammar to systematically account for register. He is currently involved in research on the relationship between register variation and social dialect variation. In addition to his research on register, Finegan has made tremendous contributions in the areas of general linguistics, language variation in the U.S., and language attitudes toward correctness, publishing widely-used textbooks in all three areas. He has also been an influential figure in the application of linguistics in legal proceedings, acting as expert witness in many legal cases, particularly those related to defamation and trademark. He currently serves as the Editor of the journalDictionaries: The Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America.
Fraxinus L.
Authors: Savill P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

This chapter describes the origin and introduction; climatic and site requirements, and other silvicultural characteristics; pests and diseases; natural regeneration; flowering, seed production and nursery conditions; provenance, improved seed and breeding; area, yield and rotation length; timber; and place of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in British forestry. The chapter also explores possible alternatives to ash in a changing climate.
Picea A. Dietr.
Authors: Savill P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

This chapter describes the origin and introduction; climatic and site requirements, and other silvicultural characteristics; pests and diseases; natural regeneration; flowering, seed production and nursery conditions; genetic and provenance; area, yield and rotations; timber and uses; Christmas trees; habitat and ecology; yield and timber; and place of spruces (Picea abies, P. omorika, P. orientalis, and P. sitchensis) in British forestry.
Pinus L.
Authors: Savill P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

This chapter describes the origin and introduction; climatic and site requirements, and other silvicultural characteristics; pests and diseases; natural regeneration; flowering, seed production and nursery conditions; provenance; area and yield; timber and uses; and place of pines (Pinus contorta, P. muricata, P. nigra, P. nigra subsp. nigra, P. nigra susbp. salzamanni, P. peuce, P. radiata, P. strobus, and P. sylvestris) in British forestry.
Extreme weather events in early summer 2018 connected by a recurrent hemispheric wave-7 pattern
Authors: Kornhuber Kai , Osprey Scott , Coumou Dim , Petri Stefan , Petoukhov Vladimir , Rahmstorf Stefan , Gray Lesley 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The summer of 2018 witnessed a number of extreme weather events such as heatwaves in North America, Western Europe and the Caspian Sea region, and rainfall extremes in South-East Europe and Japan that occurred near-simultaneously. Here we show that some of these extremes were connected by an amplified hemisphere-wide wavenumber 7 circulation pattern. We show that this pattern constitutes an important teleconnection in Northern Hemisphere summer associated with prolonged and above-normal temperatures in North America, Western Europe and the Caspian Sea region. This pattern was also observed during the European heatwaves of 2003, 2006 and 2015 among others. We show that the occurrence of this wave 7 pattern has increased over recent decades.
Aging Vs. Hypertension: An Autopsy Study of Sclerotic Renal Histopathological Lesions in Adults With Normal Renal Function
Authors: Okabayashi Yusuke , Tsuboi Nobuo , Kanzaki Go , Sasaki Takaya , Haruhara Kotaro , Koike Kentaro , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Ikegami Masahiro , Shimizu Akira , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Arterial hypertension and glomerular ischemia coexist in elderly patients with hypertension. Thus, 2 conflicting therapeutic purposes, i.e., reduction of pressure overload and maintenance of renal arterial perfusion, must be considered in elderly patients with hypertension. This study examined this issue from the perspective of renal histopathology.

METHODS
Adult autopsied kidneys without apparent renal disease were analyzed for histopathological features that might be related to aging or hypertension. Mean glomerular volume (GV), global glomerulosclerosis (GGS), arteriosclerotic lesions (AL), arteriolar hyalinosis (AH), and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) were evaluated.

RESULTS
This study included 59 Japanese autopsy patients, of whom 28 (47%) were hypertensive. Overall, GGS, IF/TA, and AL, but not GV or AH, tended to increase with aging. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, but not hypertension, was an independent factor associated with GGS, IF/TA, and AL. In contrast, hypertension was independently associated with GV. AH was not associated with age or hypertension in this autopsy series. Of note, in the late elderly group (≥75 years), GGS was significantly lower in hypertensives than in normotensives. No such trend was found in the non-elderly (&lt;65 years) or early elderly groups (65–74 years).

CONCLUSIONS
Normal aging has a major impact on the development of renal sclerotic lesions compared to hypertension in adults with no apparent renal disease. Hypertension may play a role in maintaining downstream glomerular perfusion in the aging kidney.
Flirting with danger: predation risk interacts with male condition to influence sexual display
Authors: de Moraes Pedro Z , Diniz Pedro , Fernandez-Juricic Esteban , Macedo Regina H 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSexual signaling coevolves with the sensory systems of intended receivers; however, predators may be unintended receivers of sexual signals. Conspicuous aerial displays in some species may place males at high risk of predation from eavesdropping predators. There are three different hypotheses to explain how signaling males can deal with increased predation risk: (1) males invest in survival by decreasing signal conspicuousness; (2) males invest in reproduction by increasing signal conspicuousness; and (3) male response is condition-dependent according to his residual reproductive value. Here, we used blue-black grassquits (Volatinia jacarina) to test these hypotheses, asking whether males modify leap displays under different levels of predation risk. Grassquit males develop an iridescent nuptial plumage and spend considerable time emitting a multimodal signal: while leaping from a perch, males clap their wings above their heads and emit a high-pitched short song. We exposed males to predator and nonpredator playbacks while video recording their displays. We found interactions between predation risk and 2 male condition variables (ectoparasite infestation and proportion of nuptial plumage coverage) that influenced display behavior. Less parasitized males and those with higher proportion of nuptial plumage showed no change in display behavior, while more parasitized males and those with lower proportion of nuptial plumage increased the vigor of displays under predation risk. In other words, males with low residual reproductive value increased reproductive effort when there was a high risk of extrinsic death. Our study provides some empirical support for the terminal investment hypothesis.
Morphological diversity of wild rabbit populations: implications for archaeology and palaeontology
Authors: Pelletier Maxime 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMorphometric characteristics of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are regularly used in archaeological and palaeontological studies to explore aspects of prehistoric human hunting behaviour, to reconstruct past environments or to define new species. However, the variability of these characteristics is still both poorly understood and under-documented due to a lack of population-level data that are essential for reliably interpreting the fossil record of this species. Here we address the morphometric diversity of wild rabbits in seven current populations from south-western Europe. Size variations in different skeletal parts were analysed to explore the potential impact of sexual dimorphism. A geometric morphometric analysis of the third lower premolar (p3) – a tooth commonly used to distinguish leporid species – was used to evaluate the relative effects of size, phylogeny, geographical location and climate on shape variation. The results show a negligible impact of sexual dimorphism, contradicting previous studies. We also demonstrate geography and climate to be the main factors driving variation in p3 shape, potentially calling into question criteria typically used to identify rabbit species. These results are valuable not only for palaeobiologists studying the taxonomy and the evolutionary history of the leporid family but also for archaeologists interested in the socio-economic and behavioural aspects of Palaeolithic human groups.
Changes in clinical indicators related to the transition from dialysis to kidney transplantation—data from the ERA-EDTA Registry
Authors: Tantiyavarong Pichaya , Kramer Anneke , Heaf James G , Finne Patrik , Åsberg Anders , Cases Aleix , Caskey Fergus J , Massy Ziad A , Jager Kitty J , Noordzij Marlies 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplantation should improve abnormalities that are common during dialysis treatment, like anaemia and mineral and bone disorder. However, its impact is incompletely understood. We therefore aimed to assess changes in clinical indicators after the transition from chronic dialysis to kidney transplantation.MethodsWe used European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry data and included adult dialysis patients for whom data on clinical indicators before and after transplantation (2005–15) were available. Linear mixed models were used to quantify the effect of transplantation and of time after transplantation for each indicator.ResultsIn total, 16 312 patients were included. The mean age at transplantation was 50.1 (standard deviation 14.2) years, 62.9% were male and 70.2% were on haemodialysis before transplantation. Total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides increased right after transplantation but decreased thereafter. All other indicators normalized or approached the target range soon after transplantation and these improvements were sustained for the first 4 years of follow-up. In patients with higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels (30–60 and &gt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2), the improvement of haemoglobin, ferritin, ionized calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin and C-reactive protein levels was more pronounced than in patients with a lower eGFR (&lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2).ConclusionsExcept for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, all clinical indicators improved after transplantation. These improvements were related to eGFR. Nevertheless, values remained out of range in a considerable proportion of patients and anaemia and hyperparathyroidism were still common problems. Further research is needed to understand the complex relationship between eGFR and the different clinical indicators.
Coronary artery bypass confers intermediate-term survival benefit over percutaneous coronary intervention with new-generation stents in real-world patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, including left main disease: a retrospective analysis of 6383 patients
Authors: Panoulas Vasileios F , Ilsley Charles J , Kalogeras Konstantinos , Khan Habib , Monteagudo Vela Maria , Dalby Miles , Kabir Tito , Smith Robert D , Mason Mark , Grocott-Mason Richard , Cummings Ian , Lüscher Thomas F , Raja Shahzad G 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The intermediate-term all-cause mortality rate of real-world patients with multivessel disease (MVD) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with new-generation drug-eluting stents or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unknown. We sought to compare the intermediate-term all-cause mortality rates of real-world patients with MVD including left main stem disease, treated with CABG or PCI.

METHODS
All consecutive all-comer patients with MVD undergoing CABG or PCI with second/third generation drug-eluting stents from 2007 to 2015 in Harefield Hospital, UK were included in this study. The revascularization modality was based on heart team discussions. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Mean follow-up of the study was 3.3 years. Cox regression analysis and propensity matching were used.

RESULTS
Of 6383 patients with MVD, 4230 underwent CABG, whereas 2153 had PCI with new-generation stents. In the CABG group, the mean age was 66.4 ± 10 years, whereas in the PCI group it was 65.3 ± 12.1 years (P < 0.001). Fewer female patients with MVD were treated with CABG than were treated with PCI (18.5% vs 20.5%; P = 0.026). There was a higher 5-year estimated survival rate among patients having CABG (88% vs 78.3%; Plog-rank < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for PCI over CABG was 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–2.16; P < 0.001]. A total of 653 patients having CABG and 653 having PCI were included in the propensity-matched groups. At mean follow-up, PCI was associated with a higher adjusted HR for all-cause mortality (2.18, 95% CI 1.54–3.1; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
In this contemporary cohort of real-world patients with MVD, CABG was associated with increased intermediate-term survival compared to PCI with new-generation drug-eluting stents.
Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Measles Virus-Vectored Chikungunya Vaccine in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Rossi Shannan L , Comer Jason E , Wang Eryu , Azar Sasha R , Lawrence William S , Plante Jessica A , Ramsauer Katrin , Schrauf Sabrina , Weaver Scott C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection can result in chikungunya fever (CHIKF), a self-limited acute febrile illness that can progress to chronic arthralgic sequelae in a large percentage of patients. A new measles virus-vectored vaccine was developed to prevent CHIKF, and we tested it for immunogenicity and efficacy in a nonhuman primate model.

Methods
Nine cynomolgus macaques were immunized and boosted with the measles virus-vectored chikungunya vaccine or sham-vaccinated. Sera were taken at multiple times during the vaccination phase to assess antibody responses against CHIKV. Macaques were challenged with a dose of CHIKV previously shown to cause fever and viremia, and core body temperature, viremia, and blood cell and chemistry panels were monitored.

Results
The vaccine was well tolerated in all macaques, and all seroconverted (high neutralizing antibody [PRNT80 titers, 40–640] and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers) after the boost. Furthermore, the vaccinated primates were protected against viremia, fever, elevated white blood cell counts, and CHIKF-associated cytokine changes after challenge with the virulent La Reunión CHIKV strain.

Conclusions
These results further document the immunogenicity and efficacy of a measles-vectored chikungunya vaccine that shows promise in Phase I–II clinical trials. These findings are critical to human health because no vaccine to combat CHIKF is yet licensed.
The Laminin Interactome: A Multifactorial Laminin-Binding Strategy by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae for Effective Adherence and Colonization
Authors: Su Yu-Ching , Mattsson Emma , Singh Birendra , Jalalvand Farshid , Murphy Timothy F , Riesbeck Kristian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLaminin is a well-defined component of the airway basement membrane (BM). Efficient binding of laminin via multiple interactions is important for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) colonization in the airway mucosa. In this study, we identified elongation factor thermo-unstable (EF-Tu), l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein D (PD), and peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein P6 as novel laminin-binding proteins (Lbps) of NTHi. In parallel with other well-studied Lbps (protein 4 [P4], protein E [PE], protein F [PF], and Haemophilus adhesion and penetration protein [Hap]), EF-Tu, LDH, PD, and P6 exhibited interactions with laminin, and mediated NTHi laminin-dependent adherence to pulmonary epithelial cell lines. More importantly, the NTHi laminin interactome consisting of the well-studied and novel Lbps recognized laminin LG domains from the subunit α chains of laminin-111 and -332, the latter isoform of which is the main laminin in the airway BM. The NTHi interactome mainly targeted multiple heparin-binding domains of laminin. In conclusion, the NTHi interactome exhibited a high plasticity of interactions with different laminin isoforms via multiple heparin-binding sites.
High-throughput multimodal automated phenotyping (MAP) with application to PheWAS
Authors: Liao Katherine P , Sun Jiehuan , Cai Tianrun A , Link Nicholas , Hong Chuan , Huang Jie , Huffman Jennifer E , Gronsbell Jessica , Zhang Yichi , Ho Yuk-Lam , Castro Victor , Gainer Vivian , Murphy Shawn N , O’Donnell Christopher J , Gaziano J Michael , Cho Kelly , Szolovits Peter , Kohane Isaac S , Yu Sheng , Cai Tianxi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
Electronic health records linked with biorepositories are a powerful platform for translational studies. A major bottleneck exists in the ability to phenotype patients accurately and efficiently. The objective of this study was to develop an automated high-throughput phenotyping method integrating International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and narrative data extracted using natural language processing (NLP).

Materials and Methods
We developed a mapping method for automatically identifying relevant ICD and NLP concepts for a specific phenotype leveraging the Unified Medical Language System. Along with health care utilization, aggregated ICD and NLP counts were jointly analyzed by fitting an ensemble of latent mixture models. The multimodal automated phenotyping (MAP) algorithm yields a predicted probability of phenotype for each patient and a threshold for classifying participants with phenotype yes/no. The algorithm was validated using labeled data for 16 phenotypes from a biorepository and further tested in an independent cohort phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) for 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms with known associations.

Results
The MAP algorithm achieved higher or similar AUC and F-scores compared to the ICD code across all 16 phenotypes. The features assembled via the automated approach had comparable accuracy to those assembled via manual curation (AUCMAP 0.943, AUCmanual 0.941). The PheWAS results suggest that the MAP approach detected previously validated associations with higher power when compared to the standard PheWAS method based on ICD codes.

Conclusion
The MAP approach increased the accuracy of phenotype definition while maintaining scalability, thereby facilitating use in studies requiring large-scale phenotyping, such as PheWAS.
Basonuclin 1 deficiency causes testicular premature aging: BNC1 cooperates with TAF7L to regulate spermatogenesis
Authors: Li Jing-Yi , Liu Yi-Feng , Xu Hai-Yan , Zhang Jun-Yu , Lv Ping-Ping , Liu Miao-E , Ying Yan-Yun , Qian Ye-Qing , Li Kun , Li Cheng , Huang Yun , Xu Gu-Feng , Ding Guo-Lian , Mao Yu-Chan , Xu Chen-Ming , Liu Xin-Mei , Sheng Jian-Zhong , Zhang Dan , Huang He-Feng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Basonuclin (BNC1) is expressed primarily in proliferative keratinocytes and gametogenic cells. However, its roles in spermatogenesis and testicular aging were not clear. Previously we discovered a heterozygous BNC1 truncation mutation in a premature ovarian insufficiency pedigree. In this study, we found that male mice carrying the truncation mutation exhibited progressively fertility loss and testicular premature aging. Genome-wide expression profiling and direct binding studies (by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) with BNC1 in mouse testis identified several spermatogenesis-specific gene promoters targeted by BNC1 including kelch-like family member 10 (Klhl10), testis expressed 14 (Tex14), and spermatogenesis and centriole associated 1 (Spatc1). Moreover, biochemical analysis showed that BNC1 was associated with TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 7 like (TAF7L), a germ cell-specific paralogue of the transcription factor IID subunit TAF7, both in vitro and in testis, suggesting that BNC1 might directly cooperate with TAF7L to regulate spermatogenesis. The truncation mutation disabled nuclear translocation of the BNC1/TAF7L complex, thus, disturbing expression of related genes and leading to testicular premature aging. Similarly, expressions of BNC1, TAF7L, Y-box-binding protein 2 (YBX2), outer dense fiber of sperm tails 1 (ODF1), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogenic (GAPDHS) were significantly decreased in the testis of men with non-obstructive azoospermia. The present study adds to the understanding of the physiology of male reproductive aging and the mechanism of spermatogenic failure in infertile men.
Limits to Compensatory Mutations: Insights from Temperature-Sensitive Alleles
Authors: Tomala Katarzyna , Zrebiec Piotr , Hartl Daniel L 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious experiments with temperature-sensitive mutants of the yeast enzyme orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase (encoded in gene URA3) yielded the unexpected result that reversion occurs only through exact reversal of the original mutation (Jakubowska A, Korona R. 2009. Lack of evolutionary conservation at positions important for thermal stability in the yeast ODCase protein. Mol Biol Evol. 26(7):1431–1434.). We recreated a set of these mutations in which the codon had two nucleotide substitutions, making exact reversion much less likely. We screened these double mutants for reversion and obtained a number of compensatory mutations occurring at alternative sites in the molecule. None of these compensatory mutations fully restored protein performance. The mechanism of partial compensation is consistent with a model in which protein stabilization is additive, as the same secondary mutations can compensate different primary alternations. The distance between primary and compensatory residues precludes direct interaction between the sites. Instead, most of the compensatory mutants were clustered in proximity to the catalytic center. All of the second-site compensatory substitutions occurred at relatively conserved sites, and the amino acid replacements were to residues found at these sites in a multispecies alignment of the protein. Based on the estimated distribution of changes in Gibbs free energy among a large number of amino acid replacements, we estimate that, for most proteins, the probability that a second-site mutation would have a sufficiently large stabilizing effect to offset a temperature-sensitive mutation in the order of 10−4 or less. Hence compensation is likely to take place only for slightly destabilizing mutations because highly stabilizing mutations are exceeding rare.