bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum free light chains in a racially diverse population including African Americans and populations from South Africa
Authors: Bertamini Luca , Alberge Jean-Baptiste , Lee David J. , El-Khoury Habib , Kim Sungjae , Fleming Grace , Murphy Ciara , Colchie Julia , Davis Maya I. , Perry Jacqueline , Lightbody Elizabeth D. , Allam Sabine , Goqwana Lindokuhle N. , Philip Vinitha , Smyth Natalie , Sakrikar Dhananjay , Perkins Mark , Harding Stephen , Troske Derek , Getz Gad , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Munshi Nikhil , Anderson Kenneth C. , Trippa Lorenzo , Marinac Catherine R. , Chen Wenlong C. , Joffe Maureen , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Detection of light chain (LC) monoclonal gammopathies (MGs) traditionally relies on serum free LC (FLC) κ, λ, and their ratio (κ/λ) reference ranges based on a mostly White population. We investigated FLC values in a racially diverse population by screening 10 035 individuals for heavy chain MG, identifying 9028 negative cases whose FLC were measured. Participants included 4149 from the PROMISE study (United States, n = 2383; South Africa, n = 1766) and 4879 from the Mass General Brigham Biobank, with 44% self-identifying as Black. Using standard FLC reference ranges, 1074 of 10 035 individuals (10.7%) were diagnosed with LC monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), with 99% being κ-restricted. In the United States, 14.8% of Black and 4% of White individuals were diagnosed (P &lt; .01). Among US participants of African (AFR) and European (EUR) genetic ancestry, 14.4% AFR and 2.9% EUR were diagnosed (P &lt; .01). Among South Africans (100% Black), 27.8% were diagnosed using standard ranges. To avoid overdiagnosis, we propose a new κ/λ ratio reference range (0.686 to 2.10) for populations of AFR descent with normal renal function, with standard values for κ and λ being 7.97 to 77.50 mg/L and 6.20 to 49.20 mg/L, respectively. This reduces LC-MGUS overdiagnosis by 91% (10.7% vs 0.97%). Using the new reference, LC-MGUS accounts for 8.8% of MGUS cases, with 74% being κ-restricted, consistent with LC myeloma rates. These findings highlight the importance of basing disease definitions, such as MGUS, on diverse populations. Adopting our proposed FLC reference values would reduce MGUS overdiagnosis among Black individuals, avoiding unnecessary financial, psychological, and medical consequences. This study includes data from NCT03689595.
Exploring Smad5: a review to pave the way for a deeper understanding of the pathobiology of common respiratory diseases
Authors: Lin Zeqiang , Zhuang Jiayu , He Lixia , Zhu Siyuan , Kong Weiguo , Lu Wenju , Zhang Zili 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSmad5 (small mothers against decapentaplegic 5) protein is a receptor-regulated member of the Smad family proteins, mainly participating in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in its phosphorylated form. This article will provide a detailed review of Smad5, focusing on its gene characteristics, protein structure, and subcellular localization properties. We will also explore the related signaling pathways and the mechanisms of Smad5 in respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma, pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH), lung cancer, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Additionally, the review will cover aspects such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, anti-fibrosis, and mitochondrial function metabolism. In addition, the review will cover aspects of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, anti-fibrosis and functional mitochondrial metabolism related to the above topics. Numerous studies suggest that Smad5 may play a unique and important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory system diseases. However, in previous research, Smad5 was mainly used to broadly determine the activation of the BMP signaling pathway, and its own function has not been given much attention. It is worth noting that Smad5 has distinct nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution characteristics different from Smad1 and Smad8. It can undergo significant nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling when intracellular pH (pHi) changes, playing important roles in both the classical BMP signaling pathway and non-BMP signaling pathways. Given that Smad5 can move intracellularly in response to changes in physicochemical properties, its cellular localization may play a crucial role in the development of respiratory diseases. This article will explore the possibility that its distribution characteristics may be an important factor that is easily overlooked and not adequately considered in disease research.
Outcomes of coronoid-first repair through an anterior approach in patients with terrible triad injury of the elbow: a prospective study with a minimum 2-year follow-up
Authors: Chang Wen-Chieh , Cheng Ming-Fai , Hsu Kuei-Hsiang , Su Yu-Ping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
In the treatment of terrible triad injury of the elbow (TTIE), the indication and the appropriate approach and sequence for coronoid process (CP) fixation remain debatable. No gold standard protocol has been established for CP fixation. In this study, we evaluated the midterm outcomes of coronoid-first repair through an anterior approach in patients with unstable TTIE.

Materials and methods
This prospective observational study included patients with TTIE who exhibited posterior or posterolateral subluxation/dislocation during examination under anesthesia (EUA) at our institute between January 2019 and December 2021. All patients underwent coronoid-first repair through an anterior approach, regardless of fragment size. After CP fixation, radial head fixation/replacement and lateral ulnar collateral ligament repair were performed through the lateral Kocher approach. Radiographic and functional (Mayo Elbow Performance Score [MEPS] and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score [DASH]) assessments were performed 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Complications such as recurrent subluxation/dislocation, synostosis, heterotopic ossification, traumatic arthritis, and stiffness were examined at the follow-up visits.

Results
The analysis included 27 patients. The mean follow-up duration was 29.9 (range 24–44) months. At the 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up, the mean flexion–extension arcs were 88.7° ± 14.7°, 107.9° ± 11.9°, 128.3° ± 15.5°, and 130.9° ± 15.3°; the mean supination–pronation arcs were 143.7° ± 9.9°, 160.4° ± 7.6°, 165.0° ± 6.0°, and 167.9° ± 4.9°; the mean DASH scores were 18.7 ± 5.7, 4.5 ± 6.1, 2.7 ± 6.5, and 2.0 ± 6.8; and the mean MEPS were 79.1 ± 10.3, 90.2 ± 8.3, 94.8 ± 6.6, and 95.9 ± 5.7, respectively. At the 24-month follow-up, 26 patients had excellent and 1 patient had good results according to MEPS. Only one patient had a complication: they exhibited stiffness and did not have a 30–130° flexion–extension arc at 24 months postoperatively.

Conclusions
The EUA findings, rather than fragment size alone, may be a good indicator of whether the CP needs to be repaired. Midterm follow-up results implied that coronoid-first repair through an anterior approach yields satisfactory functional outcomes with minimal complications.
Level of evidence: Therapeutic level II.
Palliative care of proximal femur metastatic disease and osteolytic lesions: results following surgical and radiation treatment
Authors: Mehnert Elisabeth , Möller Fränze Sophie , Hofbauer Christine , Weidlich Anne , Winkler Doreen , Troost Esther G. C. , Jentsch Christina , Kamin Konrad , Mäder Marcel , Schaser Klaus-Dieter , Fritzsche Hagen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Femoral bone metastases (FBM) or lesions (FBL) can lead to loss of mobility and independence due to skeletal-related events (SRE), e.g. pain, deformity and pathological fractures. Aim of this study was to analyze effects of radiotherapy and surgery, different surgical techniques and complications on disease-specific survival (DSS).

Methods
Patients who underwent palliative therapy for FBM or FBL between 2014 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test was used to detect intergroup differences. Survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression and compared using log-rank test. Complications were evaluated using Chi-Square test.

Results
145 patients were treated for proximal femoral BM/BL or pathologic fractures (10 bilaterally). Three groups were classified: surgery only (S, n = 53), surgery with adjuvant radiation (S + RT, n = 58), and primary radiation only (RT, n = 44). Most common primary tumors were breast (n = 31), prostate (n = 27), and non-small cell lung cancer (n = 27). 47 patients underwent surgery for an impending, 61 for a manifest pathological fracture. There were no significant differences in DSS between the 3 groups (S = 29.8, S + RT = 32.2, RT = 27.1 months), with the S + RT group having the longest one-year survival. Local complications occurred in 25 of 145 patients after a mean interval of 9.9 months.

Conclusion
Due to the steadily increasing incidence and survival of patients with FBM/FBL, indication for prevention and treatment of painful and immobilizing SREs should be critically assessed. Surgical treatment should always be performed with maximum stability and, whenever possible, adjuvant RT.
Comorbid anxiety, loneliness, and chronic pain as predictors of intervention outcomes for subclinical depressive symptoms in older adults: evidence from a large community-based study in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Stephanie Ming Yin , Leung Dara Kiu Yi , Liu Tianyin , Ng Zuna Loong Yee , Wong Gloria Hoi Yan , Chan Wai Chi , Lum Terry Yat Sing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression is among the leading causes of the global burden of disease and is associated with substantial morbidity in old age. The importance of providing timely intervention, particularly those with subclinical symptoms, has thus increasingly been emphasised. Despite their overall effectiveness, a small but notable subgroup tends to be less responsive to interventions. Identifying predictors of non-remission and non-response is critical to inform future strategies for optimising intervention outcomes.

Methods
A total of 4153 older adults aged 60 years and above with subclinical depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] = 5–19) were recruited from JC JoyAge, a large-scale collaborative stepped-care intervention service across Hong Kong. A wide range of clinical and modifiable risk and protective factors at baseline were assessed, including depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, suicidal ideation, cognitive capacity, multimorbidity, chronic pain, need for informal care due to mental health reasons, history of abuse, and sociodemographic characteristics. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were applied to identify predictors of non-remission (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) and non-response (< 50% reduction in PHQ-9) following intervention.

Results
The rates of non-remission and non-response were 18.9% (n = 784) and 23.0% (n = 956), respectively. Comorbid anxiety symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.08, CI = 1.72–2.51; 1.28, 1.05–1.57), loneliness (2.00, 1.66–2.42; 1.67, 1.38–2.01), need for informal care (1.86, 1.49–2.33; 1.48, 1.18–1.85), lower cognitive capacity (0.95, 0.93–0.97; 0.94, 0.92–0.96), and absence of chronic pain (0.59, 0.48–0.72; 0.76, 0.64–0.91) predicted both non-remission and non-response. Meanwhile, moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms predicted higher odds of non-remission (1.41, 1.18–1.69) and lower odds of non-response (0.28, 0.23–0.34), respectively. Subgroup analyses conducted separately in older adults with mild and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms at baseline revealed that comorbid anxiety, loneliness, need for informal care, and absence of chronic pain were consistent predictors of non-remission. Those with non-remission and non-response showed more depression-related functional impairments and poorer health-related quality of life post-intervention.

Conclusions
Older adults with subclinical depressive symptoms showing comorbid anxiety, higher loneliness, need for informal care, and chronic pain may be offered more targeted interventions in future services. A personalised risk-stratification approach may be helpful.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT03593889 (registered 29 May 2018), NCT04863300 (registered 23 April 2021).
Factors influencing the decision of Nigerian optometry students to work in rural areas upon graduation: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Atuanya George Nnamdi , Bale Babatunde Ismail , Elebesunu Emmanuel Ebuka , Sow Alhaji Umar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Access to eye care in rural Nigeria remains limited, as most optometrists work in urban areas. This study explores the factors influencing Nigerian optometry students’ decision to work in rural settings after graduation.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 optometry students from ten accredited Nigerian universities. The students were surveyed on their preferences regarding rural practice and the factors affecting their decisions.

Results
The majority of respondents (81.3%) were not inclined to establish their first optometric practice in rural areas, with poor living conditions (26.34%) being the most common deterrent. However, a significant proportion (52.8%) expressed willingness to consider establishing subsequent practices in rural areas. Motivation to help the community (56.6%) and the potential to enhance their optometric practice (74.6%) were key drivers for rural practice. Chi-square test revealed that participants’ year of study had a significant influence on their preference to practice in rural areas (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant connection between participants’ gender and place of origin, and their preference for rural practice (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
While many students, particularly from urban backgrounds, are reluctant to initiate practice in rural areas after graduation, primarily due to concerns over living conditions. In contrast, students from rural backgrounds show a higher likelihood of considering rural practice, especially within NGOs or the public sector. Hence, such factors should be considered by academic institutions and government bodies when designing policies to address workforce imbalances.
Variations in HBA gene contribute to high-altitude hypoxia adaptation via affected O2 transfer in Tibetan sheep
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Ma Xiong , Ren Jianming , Zhang Lan , Min Yunxin , Li Chunyang , Lu Yaoyao , Ma Ying , Hou Mingjie , Jia Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTibetan sheep are indigenous to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Owing to the harsh hypoxic environment in this plateau, the hemoglobin (Hb) protein in Tibetan sheep has undergone adaptive changes over time. Hb is primarily responsible for transporting O2 and CO2 between the lungs and other tissues of the body. The α subunit of Hb, encoded by the HBA gene, is a crucial component of the protein. However, whether variations in the HBA gene sequence affect the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to high-altitude hypoxia remains unclear. In this study, we sequenced the HBA gene and identified three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs were genotyped in Tibetan and Hu sheep using Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP). The results showed that the frequencies of the AT genotype and H1H2 haplotype were higher in Tibetan sheep than in Hu sheep. Individuals with the AT genotype exhibited higher P50 levels, whereas those with the H1H2 haplotype exhibited lower PO2 and SaO2 levels. The higher P50 levels indicated that O2 was more readily released from oxygenated Hb into the tissues, with the lower PO2 and SaO2 levels facilitating this process. These findings indicate that variations in the HBA gene sequence contribute to enhancing O2 transfer efficiency in Tibetan sheep.
Quantitative analysis of seven commonly used synthetic food color additives by HPLC-PDA
Authors: Min You Rim , Hong Jun-Bae , Han Sam , Choi Min-Ji , Shim Seong Bo , Jang Hae-Won , Lee Jung-Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSixteen color additives (tar colors) were detected in 128 food samples (macarons, meringue cookies, and coque macarons) using HPLC with a photodiode array detector at 420 nm, 520 nm, and 620 nm for the yellow, red, and blue and green color types, respectively. The tar color recovery rates ranged from 81.3 to 95.6%, and their limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.001–0.049 mg/kg and 0.004–0.147 mg/kg, respectively. Seven tar colors (Y4, Y5, R3, R40, R102, B1, and B2) were detected in 129 samples. All the samples did not contain nine tar colors (R2, G3, Azo, R106, QY, ORII, BBN, PBV, and GS). The quantity of tar colors (Y4, Y5, R40, and B1) in 15 samples exceeded the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) standard. Ninety samples (70%) used a mixture of two or more tar colors, and the amount used was 11.0–1643.3 mg/kg. The quantity of combined tar colors in 15 samples exceeded 300 mg/kg. Through these findings, this study aims to contribute to the development of safer and more reliable desserts containing tar colors, by enhancing safety measures and ensuring improved quality control for consumer protection.
Virtual fencing in remote boreal forests: performance of commercially available GPS collars for free-ranging cattle
Authors: Versluijs Erik , Tofastrud Morten , Hessle Anna , Serrouya Robert , Scasta Derek , Wabakken Petter , Zimmermann Barbara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of virtual fencing in cattle farming is beneficial due to its flexibility, not fragmenting the landscape or restricting access like physical fences. Using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology, virtual fence units emit an audible signal and a low-energy electric shock when crossing a predefined border. In large remote grazing areas and complex terrains, where the performance of the GPS units can be affected by landscape structure, increased positioning errors can lead to unnecessary shocks to the animals leading to animal welfare concerns. This study aimed to explore factors affecting the GPS performance of commercially available virtual fence collars for cattle (NoFence©), both using static tests and mobile tests, i.e., when deployed on free-ranging cattle.

Results
The static tests revealed generally high fix success rates (% successful positioning attempts), and a lower success rate at four of 30 test locations was most likely due to a lack in GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) coverage. On average the GPS precision and accuracy errors were 3.3 m ± 2.5 SD and 4.6 m ± 3.2 SD, respectively. We found strong evidence that the GPS precision and accuracy errors increased errors under closed canopies. We also found evidence for an effect of the sky-view on the GPS performance, although at a lesser extent than canopy. The direction of the accuracy error in the Cartesian plane was not uniform, but biased, depending on the aspect of the test locations. With an average of 10.8 m ± 6.8 SD, the accuracy error of the mobile tests was more than double that of the static tests. Furthermore, we found evidence that more rugged landscapes resulted in higher GPS accuracy errors. However, the error from mobile tests was not affected by canopy cover, sky-view, or cattle behaviors.

Conclusions
This study showed that GPS performance can be negatively affected by landscape complexity, such as increased ruggedness and covered habitats, resulting in reduced virtual fence effectiveness and potential welfare concerns for cattle. These issues can be mitigated through proper pasture planning, such as avoiding rugged areas for the virtual fence border.
Psychological dynamics of overqualification: career anxiety and decision commitment in STEM
Authors: Khan Ali Nawaz , Soomro Mohsin Ali , Khan Naseer Abbas , Bodla Ali Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWomen’s career progression and empowerment in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) sectors are critical to attaining SDG 5: Gender Equality because they promote equal access to education, job prospects, and leadership roles, building a more inclusive and equitable society. The purpose of this study is to look into the impact of perceived overqualification (POQ) on career anxiety and career decidedness (CD) among women in STEM disciplines while also considering the function of career identity (CI) and leadership support. With a total sample size of 1,045 participants, two distinct investigations were conducted, one in the educational field (N = 530) and one in an industry setting (N = 515 time-lag). To test the model, the analysis was carried out using the AMOS-24 software program. Our findings show a favorable association between women’s perceptions of overqualification in STEM and their CI. Furthermore, our research shows that a stronger CI among women in STEM corresponds to decreased career anxiety and increased CD. Additionally, we find that a CI is a mediator between POQ and both career anxiety and CD. Our findings also highlight the moderating effect of leadership support in this mediation process. We discuss the theoretical and practical ramifications of these findings.
The systemic and local interactions related to titanium implant corrosion and hypersensitivity reactions: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Swalsky Alexander , Noumbissi Sammy S. , Wiedemann Thomas G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBoth commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys are established biomaterials for implantation in bone and are widely used today in dentistry. Titanium particulates have been shown in some patient clusters to induce cellular immune mediators responsible for type I and IV hypersensitivity reactions, causing amplified corrosion, osteolysis, and increased odds of implant failure. Systemically, titanium particles were found to affect varying organ tissues and cause potentially harmful effects. In vivo and vitro studies have shown that titanium dental implant corrosion can be induced by factors relating to bio-tribocorrosion. In this literature review, the consequences of titanium implant corrosion and particulate dissemination are discussed and later juxtaposed against a promising novel implant material, zirconia. Zirconia offers characteristics similar to titanium along with additional advantages such as being non-corrosive and having a lower propensity for inducing immune responses. From the mounting evidence discussed in this article, metal allergy testing would be advantageous for choosing an appropriate implant material to minimize potential adverse effects on cellular functions of local and diffuse tissues. Objective: This literature review aims to elucidate and describe mechanisms in which titanium implants may become corroded and induce cellular aberrations both locally and systemically in vivo. Implications of this study provide supportive evidence regarding the selection of appropriate biomaterials for implant patients susceptible to mounting a hypersensitivity reaction to titanium.