bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender‐related differences in patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve interventions in clinical practice: 1‐year results from the German TRAMI registry
Authors: Werner Nicolas , Puls Miriam , Baldus Stephan , Lubos Edith , Bekeredjian Raffi , Sievert Horst , Schofer Joachim , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Möllmann Helge , Hehrlein Christoph , Nickenig Georg , Boekstegers Peter , Ouarrak Taoufik , Senges Jochen , Zahn Ralf ,   for the German Transcatheter Mitral Valve Intervention (TRAMI) investigators
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesInformation on gender‐related differences in terms of baseline characteristics and clinical outcome of patients undergoing MitraClip® implantation in daily clinical practice have been studied in smaller populations previously. This study sought to additionally evaluate gender‐related differences in a larger German real‐world patient population.Methods and resultsWe analyzed data from the prospective and multicenter German TRAMI Registry. Between 08/2010 and 07/2013 327 women and 501 men underwent MitraClip® implantation for significant mitral valve regurgitation. Female patients were significantly older and showed higher rates of frailty compared to men. In contrast, men had significantly higher rates of comorbidities compared to women. The majority of patients underwent MitraClip® implantation for secondary mitral regurgitation, with no significant gender‐related differences. MitraClip® treatment was equally effective in terms of procedural results and residual mitral regurgitation in women and men and complication rates were low. However, in this real‐world analysis severe bleeding complications were significantly higher in women (p = .02) and re‐intervention rates were significantly higher in men after MitraClip® treatment (p = .02). Women showed less improvement in functional NYHA class after MitraClip® treatment compared to men at 1‐year follow‐up (FU; p < .001). No significant differences between female and male patients were found in 1‐year mortality and in re‐hospitalization rates.ConclusionIn this analysis from a large prospective, multicenter real‐world registry MitraClip® implantation is safe and effective for treatment of significant mitral regurgitation with equal postprocedural results and mortality rates during 1‐year follow‐up. Men and women showed a persisting and significant clinical benefit at 1‐year FU after treatment. Complication and re‐intervention rates were low. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate our findings on increased bleeding complications and decreased functional improvement in women at 1‐year follow‐up after MitraClip® therapy.
Successful catheter cryoablation for premature ventricular contractions originating from the para‐Hisian region
Authors: Suzuki George , Yotsukura Akihiko , Nanbu Tadafumi , Sakurai Masayuki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe achieved successful catheter cryoablation in a patient with para‐Hisian premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) without conduction disturbance using the freeze‐thaw‐freeze method while observing the atrial‐His bundle interval. Cryoablation could be considered an alternative to radiofrequency ablation for patients with para‐Hisian PVCs.
Electrochemical‐/Photoredox Aspects of Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Directed C−H Bond Activation
Authors: Dwivedi Vikas , Kalsi Deepti , Sundararaju Basker 
Published: June 2019

AbstractC−H activation and functionalization have caused a paradigm shift in molecular design as a result of its selective and atom‐economical nature. Despite significant major advances, C−H functionalization regime had the disadvantage of employing (super) stoichiometric amounts of expensive and toxic metal oxidants for oxidative functionalization. Hence, various protocols were introduced to improve the sustainability of C−H bond functionalization, such as employing molecular oxygen, metal oxidants or tethered oxidants that get cleaved during the reaction, in addition to the use of suitable solvents or additives. The most recent and proficient advance is the use of electro‐ or photo‐redox catalysis. In this Review, we highlight the recent advances towards a green catalytic approach for oxidative C−H bond functionalization using light and photosensitizers or electricity as sources of oxidant to regenerate the active species.
Data Driven Determination of Reaction Conditions in Oxidative Coupling of Methane via Machine Learning
Authors: Ohyama Junya , Nishimura Shun , Takahashi Keisuke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe challenge in catalytic reactions lies within its complexity coming from high dimensional experimental factors. In order to solve such complexity, machine learning is implemented to treat experimental conditions in high dimensions. Oxidative coupling of methane, methane to C2 compounds (ethylene and ethane), is chosen as the prototype reaction where 156 data consisting of various experimental conditions is prepared. Machine learning reveals that the relationship between experimental conditions and C2 yield is non‐linear matter. In particular, extreme tree regression is found to accurately reproduce the experimental data. In addition, machine learning predictions can be a good indicator for designing experiments. Thus, machine learning can be a powerful approach towards understanding and determining experimental conditions in high dimension.
Facile Synthesis of Peapod‐Like Cu3Ge/Ge@C as a High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Xu Xijun , Liu Jun , Liu Zhengbo , Shen Jiadong , Li Fangkun , Hu Renzong , Yang Lichun , Ouyang Liuzhang , Zhu Min 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs anode materials for high‐performance Li‐ion batteries, peapod‐like Ge‐based composites, including Ge, a Li‐inactive conducting Cu3Ge, and a porous carbon matrix are synthesized simply by annealing CuGeO3@dopamine in a H2/Ar atmosphere. The introduction of the carbon layer and inactive alloying phase Cu3Ge not only enhances the electrical conductivity of the Ge anode, but also reduces the volume change of Ge during the cell cycle as a buffer. In particular, the anode of this peapod‐like Cu3Ge/Ge@C shows an excellent long cycle life as well as outstanding capacity performance, with a discharge specific capacity up to 934 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles.
Effects of Spacers on Photoinduced Reversible Solid‐to‐Liquid Transitions of Azobenzene‐Containing Polymers
Authors: Weis Philipp , Hess Andreas , Kircher Gunnar , Huang Shilin , Auernhammer Günter K. , Koynov Kaloian , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Wu Si 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotoisomerization in some azobenzene‐containing polymers (azopolymers) results in reversible solid‐to‐liquid transitions becausetrans‐ andcis‐azopolymers have different glass transition temperatures. This property enables photoinduced healing and processing of azopolymers with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, a general lack of knowledge about the influence of the polymer structure on photoinduced reversible solid‐to‐liquid transitions hinders the design of such novel polymers. Herein, the synthesis and photoresponsive behavior of new azopolymers with different lengths of spacers between the polymer backbone and the azobenzene group on the side chain are reported. Azopolymers with no and 20 methylene spacers did not show photoinduced solid‐to‐liquid transitions. Azopolymers with 6 or 12 methylene spacers showed photoinduced solid‐to‐liquid transitions. This study demonstrates that spacers are essential for azopolymers with photoinduced reversible solid‐to‐liquid transitions, and thus, gives an insight into how to design azopolymers for photoinduced healing and processing.
The Distinct Conformational Landscapes of 4S‐Substituted Prolines That Promote an endo Ring Pucker
Authors: Costantini Nicholas V. , Ganguly Himal K. , Martin Maxwell I. , Wenzell Nicole A. , Yap Glenn P. A. , Zondlo Neal J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract4‐Substitution on proline directly impacts protein main chain conformational preferences. The structural effects of N‐acyl substitution and of 4‐substitution were examined by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography on minimal molecules with a proline 4S‐nitrobenzoate. The effects of N‐acyl substitution on conformation were attenuated in the 4S‐nitrobenzoate context, due to the minimal role of the n→π* interaction in stabilizing extended conformations. By X‐ray crystallography, an extended conformation was observed for most molecules. The formyl derivative adopted a δ conformation that is observed at the i+2 position of β‐turns. Computational analysis indicated that the structures observed crystallographically represent the inherent conformational preferences of 4S‐substituted prolines with electron‐withdrawing 4‐position substituents. The divergent conformational preferences of 4R‐ and 4S‐substituted prolines suggest their wider structure‐specific application in molecular design. In particular, the proline endo ring pucker favored by 4S‐substituted prolines uniquely promotes the δ conformation [(ϕ, ψ) ≈(−80°, 0°)] found in β‐turns. In contrast to other acyl capping groups, the pivaloyl group strongly promoted trans amide bond and polyproline II helix conformation, with a close n→π* interaction in the crystalline state, despite the endo ring pucker, suggesting its special capabilities in promoting compact conformations in ϕ due to its strongly electron‐donating character.
High immune cytolytic activity in tumor‐free tongue tissue confers better prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue
Authors: Gu Xiaolian , Boldrup Linda , Coates Philip J , Fahraeus Robin , Wang Lixiao , Wilms Torben , Norberg‐Spaak Lena , Sgaramella Nicola , Nylander Karin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractImmune cells and cytolytic activity within the tumor microenvironment are being intensively studied. Through transcriptome profiling, immune cell enumeration using the xCell tool and cytolytic activity quantification according to granzyme A (GZMA) and perforin (PRF1) mRNA levels, we investigated immunoreactivity in tumor and/or tumor‐free tongue tissue samples from 31 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and 14 healthy individuals (control tongue tissues). We found significantly altered immune cell compositions (p < 0.001) and elevated cytolytic activity (p < 0.001) in tumor compared to tumor‐free samples, and altered infiltration of a subset of immune cells (e.g. CD8+ T cells, p < 0.01) as well as increased cytolytic activity (p < 0.001) in tumor‐free compared to control samples. Controlling for patient age at diagnosis and tumor stage, Cox regression analysis showed that high cytolytic activity in tumor‐free samples associated with improved disease‐free survival (hazard ratio= 4.20, 95% CI = 1.09–16.20, p = 0.037). However, the degree of cytolytic activity in tumor samples did not provide prognostic information. Taken together, our results show the presence of cancer‐related immune responses in clinically tumor‐free tongue in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Measuring cytolytic activity in tumor‐free tongue samples contralateral to tumor might thus be an effective approach to predict clinical outcome.
Porous Cupric Oxide: Efficient Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Basu Mrinmoyee 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is considered as an effective approach to generate hydrogen at the cathode, and can be used as a means to generate green energy. A simple electrochemical deposition technique is developed for the synthesis of CuO nanostructures. CuO with different morphologies like porous 2D sheets, porous bipyramids, particles, and spheres are developed after oxidation of the electrodeposited Cu nanostructure. Among them, CuO porous 2D nanosheets show the best activity as photocathode towards PEC water splitting due to the high light absorbance and high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). CuO porous 2D sheets contains three times higher ECSA compared to CuO particles, indicating their higher electrochemical activity. CuO porous 2D sheets can generate a current density of 3.09 mA cm−2 at an applied potential of −0.1 V vs RHE in 0.5 M Na2SO4 solution. Furthermore, Mott‐Schottky measurements demonstrate that CuO porous 2D sheets possess high carrier density, 8.18×1020 cm−3, and a high flat band potential of 1.215 V vs. RHE. Thus, CuO porous 2D sheets have excellent conductivity and a high degree of band bending. After PEC water splitting, XRD analysis was carried out to reconfirm the photostability of the CuO porous 2D sheets. It may be due to the higher charge transportation in the porous structures.
Density of Feed Rod Dependence of the PrB6 Single Crystal Grown by the Optical Floating Zone Technique
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhao Jingjing , Yang Xinyu , Cheng Hefa , Xu Bing , Ning Shuyu , Zhang Jiuxing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRare‐earth hexaboride single crystals praseodymium hexaboride (PrB6) are successfully grown by the optical floating zone technique using the feed rods with different densities sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Single crystal X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis have found that the as‐grown PrB6 adopts a single crystalline structure which has a primitive cubic structure, and has grown along the <100> direction. Particular attentions are given to the effect of density of feed rod on the crystal quality and thermionic emission performance of PrB6 single crystals. The result of X‐ray rocking curve indicates that the quality of the as‐grown single crystals get better with increase in the density of feed rod, and an ultralow full‐width at half‐maximum of 0.066°, confirming the good crystal integrality, is resulted from the single crystal using the feed rod with relative density of 97.17%. Similarly, the result of thermionic emission shows that the PrB6 single crystal grown here using a high‐density feed rod has a large current density. The density of feed rod plays an important role in PrB6 single crystal growth by the optical floating zone technique.
Synthesis of Biomass‐Derived Ethers for Use as Fuels and Lubricants
Authors: Rorrer Julie E. , Bell Alexis T. , Toste F. Dean 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEthers synthesized from biomass‐derived compounds have exceptional properties as fuels, lubricants, and specialty chemicals and can serve as replacements for petroleum‐derived products. Recent efforts have identified heterogeneous catalysts for the selective synthesis of ethers from alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, furans, esters, olefins, carboxylic acids, and other molecules derived from biomass. This Review highlights the scope of etherification reactions and provides insights into the choice of catalysts and reaction conditions best suited for producing targeted ethers from the available starting materials. First, the properties of ethers for specific applications and the methods by which synthons for ether synthesis can be obtained from biomass are discussed. Then the progress that has been made on the synthesis of ethers via the following methods is summarized: direct etherification of alcohols; reductive etherification of alcohols with aldehydes or ketones; etherification of furanic compounds, esters, and carboxylic acids; and the addition of alcohols to olefins. Next, the mechanisms of these reactions and catalyst properties required to promote them are discussed, with the goal of understanding how reaction conditions can be tuned to optimize catalyst activity and selectivity towards desired ethers. The Review closes by examining the tradeoffs between catalyst selectivity, activity, stability, and reaction conditions required to achieve the most economically and environmentally favorable routes to biomass‐derived ethers.
Impacts of “supermoon” events on the physiology of a wild bird
Authors: Portugal Steven J. , White Craig R. , Frappell Peter B. , Green Jonathan A. , Butler Patrick J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe position of the Moon in relation to the Earth and the Sun gives rise to several predictable cycles, and natural changes in nighttime light intensity are known to cause alterations to physiological processes and behaviors in many animals. The limited research undertaken to date on the physiological responses of animals to the lunar illumination has exclusively focused on the synodic lunar cycle (full moon to full moon, or moon phase) but the moon's orbit—its distance from the Earth—may also be relevant. Every month, the moon moves from apogee, its most distant point from Earth—and then to perigee, its closest point to Earth. Here, we studied wild barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) to investigate the influence of multiple interacting lunar cycles on the physiology of diurnally active animals. Our study, which uses biologging technology to continually monitor body temperature and heart rate for an entire annual cycle, asks whether there is evidence for a physiological response to natural cycles in lunar brightness in wild birds, particularly “supermoon” phenomena, where perigee coincides with a full moon. There was a three‐way interaction between lunar phase, lunar distance, and cloud cover as predictors of nighttime mean body temperature, such that body temperature was highest on clear nights when the full moon coincided with perigee moon. Our study is the first to report the physiological responses of wild birds to “supermoon” events; the wild geese responded to the combination of two independent lunar cycles, by significantly increasing their body temperature at night. That wild birds respond to natural fluctuations in nighttime ambient light levels support the documented responses of many species to anthropogenic sources of artificial light, that birds seem unable to override. As most biological systems are arguably organized foremost by light, this suggests that any interactions between lunar cycles and local weather conditions could have significant impacts on the energy budgets of birds.
Studies on Toxicity of Suspensions of CdTe Quantum Dots to Biomphalaria glabrata Mollusks
Authors: de Vasconcelos Lima Maíra , de Andrade Pereira Maria Isabela , Cabral Filho Paulo Euzébio , Nascimento de Siqueira Williams , Milca Fagundes Silva Hianna Arely , de França Elvis Joacir , Saegesser Santos Beate , Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo Ana Maria , Fontes Adriana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Quantum dots have generated great interest because of their optical properties, both to life sciences and electronics applications. However, possible risks to the environment associated with these nanoparticles are still under investigation. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of suspensions of cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots to Biomphalaria glabrata mollusks, a very sensitive aquatic environmental bioindicator for physical and chemical agents. Toxicity was examined by using embryos and adult mollusks as well as hemocytes. The distribution of cadmium in the organs of adults was also assessed. Effects of the stabilizing agent of the quantum dots were also evaluated. Animals were exposed to suspensions of quantum dots for 24 h, at concentrations varying from 1.2 to 20 nM for embryos and from 50 to 400 nM for adult mollusks. Results showed that suspensions of quantum dots induced malformations and mortality in embryos and mortality in adults, depending on the concentration applied. In the cytotoxicity study, hemocyte apoptosis was observed in adults exposed to the highest concentration of quantum dots applied as well as to the stabilizing agent. Cell binucleation and micronucleus frequencies were not significative. Bioaccumulation evaluation revealed that quantum dots targeted the digestive gland (hepatopancreas). Taken together, outcomes suggested that specific nano-effects related directly not only to composition but also to the aggregation of quantum dots may be mediating the observed toxicity. Thus B. glabrata was determined to be a very sensitive species for interpreting possible nano-effects in aquatic environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2128–2136. © 2019 SETAC.
Effect of Microcystis aeruginosa–Associated Microcystin-LR on the Survival of 2 Life Stages of Freshwater Mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea)
Authors: Gene Samantha May , Shahmohamadloo Rene Sahba , Ortiz Xavier , Prosser Ryan S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Microcystin-LR is a toxin commonly produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. It is present in harmful algal blooms and is a concern for both human and environmental health in Canadian freshwater systems. Previous studies have investigated the toxicity of microcystin-LR to other organisms such as fish; however, it is important to assess its toxicity to native freshwater mussels (family Unionidae), which are considered imperiled. The present study examined the toxicity of microcystin-LR to fatmucket mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) at 2 different life stages. Juvenile mussels were exposed to microcystin-LR in a 28-d chronic test, and glochidia underwent a 72-h acute toxicity test. There was no significant relationship between glochidia viability and microcystin-LR concentration. The median lethal concentration (LC50) value for juvenile mussels after 28 d of exposure was 2.1 µg/L. To determine the environmental relevance of the observed toxicity, an environmental exposure distribution was created using Canadian and Canadian–US Great Lakes microcystin measurements. The 28-d LC50 value (2.1 µg/L) was greater than those values that occurred in the environment 95% of the time; however, the LC10 (0.45 µg/L) and LC25 (0.97 μg/L) values were not greater than the measured microcystin environmental values. This finding indicates that microcystins may exert toxic effects on juvenile mussels at environmentally relevant concentrations. Further investigation should be considered in terms of prolonged exposure to persistent microcystin-LR, and toxicity to sensitive species at different life stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2137–2144. © 2019 SETAC.
Toxicological Evaluation and Quantification of Ingested Metal-Core Nanoplastic by Daphnia magna Through Fluorescence and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Methods
Authors: Vicentini Denice Schulz , Nogueira Diego José , Melegari Silvia Pedroso , Arl Miriam , Köerich Jéssica Schveitzer , Cruz Luiza , Justino Naiara Mottim , Oscar Bianca Vicente , Puerari Rodrigo Costa , da Silva Marlon Luiz Neves , Simioni Carmen , Ouriques Luciane Cristina , Matias Marcelo Seleme , de Castilhos Junior Armando Borges , Matias William Gerson 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There are few studies on nanoplastic that propose quantification of the amount ingested combined with evaluation of the toxic effects on aquatic organisms. We propose 2 methods to quantify the amount of polystyrene nanoplastic (PSNP) ingested by Daphnia magna: fluorescence intensity, where a fluorescent monomer (F) is added to the PSNP and quantified through fluorescence light microscopy, and total aluminum quantification, where PSNP is synthesized with Al2O3 metal-core nanoparticles and used for quantification of the nanoplastic ingested by the organism Daphnia magna using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In addition, the PSNP was functionalized with palmitic acid to simulate the environmental conditions leading to biological and chemical transformations. Acute and chronic toxicity tests were performed with fluorescent PSNP (PSNP/F) and palmitic acid-functionalized PSNP/F (PSNP/F-PA). The ingestion quantified was higher by factors of 2.8 and 3.0 for PSNP/F-PA and 1.9 and 1.7 for PSNP/F applying the fluorescence intensity and total Al quantifying methods, respectively, when compared to PSNP. These results are consistent with the data obtained in the toxicity tests, which showed an approximately 3 times increase in the adverse effect of PSNP/F-PA on the mobility and reproduction of the organisms. Thus, the strong inhibition of D. magna reproduction caused by PSNP/F-PA in the chronic toxicity tests could be associated with a greater amount of this nanoplastic being ingested by the organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2101–2110. © 2019 SETAC.