bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repetitive saliva swallowing test and water swallowing test may identify a COPD phenotype at high risk of exacerbation
Authors: Yoshimatsu Yuki , Tobino Kazunori , Sueyasu Takuto , Nishizawa Saori , Goto Yuki , Murakami Kojin , Munechika Miyuki , Yoshimine Kohei , Miyajima Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are known to present with dysphagia from an early stage. Dysphagia leads to swallowing‐related complications, in turn leading to COPD exacerbation. Dysphagia screening is recommended; however little is known of its utility in detecting a COPD phenotype at risk for exacerbation. The simple swallowing provocation test (SSPT), considered to be a standard screening test, requires specific equipment, physician skill and patient discomfort.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to find an easier and less invasive measure to screen for dysphagia in patients with COPD.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with COPD who were screened for dysphagia [Repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST), water swallowing test (WST), SSPT and a questionnaire] from June to November 2016. The patients were classified into two groups according to the presence of COPD exacerbation in the past 3 years (ie, exacerbation and non‐exacerbation group), and the dysphagia screening results were compared between the groups.ResultsOf the 80 cases included, 42 had 1 or more exacerbations in the past 3 years (exacerbation group), and 38 had none (non‐exacerbation group). Statistically significant differences between the groups were observed in the RSST, and vocal change in the WST (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in the results of SSPT, COPD stage and other clinical status.ConclusionsCompared to the SSPT, RSST and WST may be more appropriate screening methods in patients with COPD. A prospective study is necessary for further assessment.
Determinants of Cytochrome P450 2D6 mRNA Levels in Healthy Human Liver Tissue
Authors: Ning Miaoran , Duarte Julio D. , Stevison Faith , Isoherranen Nina , Rubin Leah H. , Jeong Hyunyoung 
Published: March 2019

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a major drug‐metabolizing enzyme that exhibits large interindividual variability. Recent studies suggest that differential transcriptional regulation of CYP2D6 in part may be responsible for the variability. In this study, we characterized potential determinants of CYP 2D6  transcript levels in healthy human liver tissue samples (n = 115), including genetic polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and the genes encoding transcription regulators for CYP2D6 expression; mRNA expression of the transcription factors and their known target genes; and hepatic levels of bile acids and retinoids, agents that modulate the expression/activity of the transcription factors. Their associations with CYP2D6 mRNA levels in the tissues were examined. Results from multivariable linear regression analysis revealed CYP8B1 mRNA level and rs3892097, the single‐ nucleotide polymorphism defining the nonfunctional CYP2D6*4 allele, as the two most significant predictors of CYP2D6 mRNA levels in the liver tissue samples, explaining 30% of the variability.
Minima sensibilia: Against the dynamic snapshot model of temporal experience
Authors: Shardlow Jack 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn our wakeful conscious lives, the experience of time and dynamic temporal phenomena—such as continuous motion and change—appears to be ubiquitous. How is it that temporality is woven into our conscious experience? Is it through perceptual experience presenting a series of instantaneous states of the world, which combine together—in a sense which would need to be specified—to give us experience of dynamic temporal phenomena? In this paper, I argue that this is not the case. Several authors have recently proposed dynamic snapshot models of temporal experience—such as Prosser and Arstila, building upon Le Poidevin—according to which, perceptual experience has no temporal content of a non‐zero extent. I argue that there is an absence of motivation for such a view; I develop and defend the claim that perceptual experience minimally presents something of some non‐zero temporal extent as such.
To scan or not to scan? Occurrence of the group‐size effect in a seasonally nongregarious forager
Authors: Fattorini Niccolò , Ferretti Francesco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGroup‐living requires a compromise between safety and direct/indirect costs for individuals. The larger is the group, the greater is the collective vigilance, leading to a greater net food intake per forager because of the time saved individually from scanning behaviour. In turn, individual alertness usually decreases with increasing group size (“group‐size effect”). Information on the occurrence of group‐size effect is still unclear. Previous studies have shown that it may fail to occur or even reverse, for example when costs of interference between conspecifics are high. In turn, assessing whether the group‐size effect would occur in weakly or seasonally gregarious species may help to understand its drivers. We evaluated the occurrence and the extent of group‐size effect in a seasonally nongregarious herbivore, the roe deer Capreolus capreolus. We examined the roles of sex/age class and season as drivers of vigilance behaviour. In roe deer, the group‐size effect did not depend on sex/age class: time spent foraging increased with increasing group size; in turn, vigilance increased with decreasing group size, in all sex/age classes. Females with fawns were the most vigilant sex/age class, thus revealing the cost of offspring protection. Accordingly, the higher spring vigilance levels of does could be related to reproductive costs (e.g., defence of newborn fawns). Conversely, the greater summer vigilance of bucks could result from patrolling/defence of territories. Both adult males and females also showed the higher vigilance in winter, likely because of an increase in the perception of predation risk and/or, possibly, hormones linked to an increase in intolerance of conspecifics, in males. However, the group‐size effect occurred in all the seasons, for adult males and females. Our findings suggest that foraging benefits provided by the group‐size effect may have overcome costs of group‐living, even in a weakly gregarious forager.
Meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, can discriminate between scents of individual house cats, Felis catus
Authors: Rohrer Karl N. , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIndividual discrimination provides animals the opportunity to adjust their exposure and behavior when interacting with other animals, both conspecifics and heterospecifics. Meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, were exposed to scents of house cats, Felis catus. Our first experiment tested whether meadow voles could discriminate between caudal, interdigital, and facial scents produced by a cat with a habituation–dishabituation paradigm. Upon exposure to the familiar scent and a novel one, meadow voles did not investigate either scent more than the other. Our second experiment tested whether meadow voles discriminate between the facial scents of different cats. When exposed to a familiar scent of one cat and the unfamiliar scent of another cat, the meadow voles did discriminate and investigated the unfamiliar scent more than the familiar scent. The results suggest that meadow voles will discriminate between cats using any scent that the cat may inadvertently leave within the environment, thereby reducing the vole's risk of predation by that individual.
Climatic impact, future biomass production, and local adaptation of four switchgrass cultivars
Authors: Zhang Li , Juenger Thomas E. , Lowry David B. , Behrman Kathrine D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that switchgrass has a wide range of genetic variation and that productivity is linked to local adaptation to the location of origin for many cultivars. In this meta‐analysis, we compiled and analyzed 900 observations associated with 41 field trials for four switchgrass cultivars (two lowlands, Alamo and Kanlow, and two uplands, Cave‐In‐Rock and Shelter). This extensive dataset and machine learning were used to identify the most influential variables impacting switchgrass productivity, to search for evidence of local adaptation to each cultivar's location of origin, and to predict change in productivity under future climate for each cultivar. In general, variables associated with climate and management are more important predictors of productivity relative to soil variables. Three climatic variables, annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, and precipitation in the wettest month, are identified as key environmental variables for productivity of all cultivars. Productivity under future climate (2041–2060) is predicted to stay stable for all cultivars relative to the prediction under current climate (1986–2005) across all trial locations and over a 20‐year simulation period. However, the productivity of each cultivar varies from location to location and from year to year, although productivity varies more between locations than between years. Additionally, we observe shifts in the most productive cultivar at the local field scale depending on the combination of management practice and climates. The shape of the relationship between productivity and the annual mean temperature relative to the cultivar's location of origin is a bell‐shaped curve for Kanlow, Cave‐in‐Rock, and Shelter, indicative of local adaptation. Identifying influential environmental variables and their relationships to productivity with respect to cultivar's location of origin help predicting productivity on the local field scale, and will help with the biofuel production planning through the selection of suitable cultivars for different locations under climate changes.
Teaching undergraduate geriatric dentistry in five South America countries
Authors: del Rosario Ruiz Núñez María , Finkler Mirelle , Castro Renata Goulart , Carcereri Daniela Lemos , Ferreira de Mello Ana Lucia Schaefer 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to qualitatively analyse undergraduate geriatric dentistry (GD) teaching characteristics identified by geriatric dentistry teachers and senior students in five South American countries.BackgroundGD involves the knowledge and skills required to provide oral health care for older people.MethodsExploratory‐descriptive research with a qualitative approach developed in the undergraduate context of public universities in Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Peru. Nine dental schools were intentionally selected. The participants were GD module teachers (20) and their senior students (30). Data were collected through open interviews via Skype®conducted between May and August 2015 and were analysed using a content analysis technique with ATLAS.ti®software, resulting in four categories.ResultsGD modules are theoretical or a theoretical‐practical mix. Most teachers are prosthodontists without specific training in GD. Their motivations to teach GD are related to personal, family, professional and social reasons. Humanity, sensitivity and knowledge of older people are considered fundamental characteristics of a GD teacher.ConclusionsStudents' first contact with an older person usually occurs during clinical activities. The participants mentioned insufficient hours for GD modules in the curricula and exclusively theoretical modules that do not allow students to learn typical specificities of older people. In the context of this study, the undergraduate GD teaching‐learning process presented some weaknesses regarding educational methods, professor training and the interaction between older people and students. Diversification of learning scenarios and GD professor training are highly recommended.
Seeding strategies of bahiagrass and pintoi peanut affect pasture establishment under weed competition
Authors: Sanchez Joao M. D. , Vendramini Joao M. B. , Silveira Maria L. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , Moriel Philipe , Sellers Brent , Yarborough James K. , Leite de Oliveira Fabio C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPintoi peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.) is a warm‐season perennial legume with potential for use in grass–legume mixtures in Florida; however, limited information exists about its establishment in mixtures with bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the establishment of bahiagrass cv. “Argentine” and pintoi peanut cv. “Amarillo” as monocultures or mixture. The experiment was conducted in Ona, FL, from June to October of 2014 and 2015. Treatments were a split‐plot design of seeding strategies (bahiagrass monoculture, pintoi peanut monoculture or bahiagrass‐pintoi peanut mixtures; main plots) and two N fertilization strategies (30 or 80 kg/ha N; 30N and 80N; subplots), with four replicates. Measurements of plant density and frequency were taken every 4 weeks after seeding. Ground cover and herbage mass (HM) measurements were taken 112 days after seeding. Pintoi peanut ground cover was affected by seeding strategy × N level interaction. Ground cover was greater with 80N than 30N when pintoi was seeded in monoculture (3.6% vs 1.5% respectively) but not when it was seeded with bahiagrass (2.1%). There was no effect of seeding or N strategy on pintoi peanut proportion in HM (1.4%). Bahiagrass ground cover was not affected by seeding or N strategy (15.9%); however, its proportion in the HM was greater in 80N than 30N (12.1% vs 9.4% respectively). Mixed seeding did not negatively affect the establishment of bahiagrass and pintoi peanut and greater N fertilization levels improved some establishment parameters, with no negative effect for pintoi peanut.
Thirteen‐year variation in biomass allocation under climate change in an alpine Kobresia meadow, northern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Dai Licong , Guo Xiaowei , Du Yangong , Ke Xun , Cao Yingfang , Li Yikang , Cao Guangmin , Zhang Fawei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlpine grassland ecosystems are thought to be the most sensitive ecosystems to climate change, yet the responses of their belowground biomass and potential climatic controls are poorly understood. Thirteen‐year (2004 ‐ 2016) time‐series of observational belowground biomass data and environmental factors were analysed in a humid alpine Kobresia meadow on the Northern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Results showed that the mean air temperature increased by 0.44°C from 2004 to 2016, while annual precipitation remained relatively stable. The belowground biomass across all soil depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–40 cm) increased significantly, while aboveground biomass showed little change. The proportion of 0–10 cm belowground biomass decreased, whereas the other proportions both increased, which could be mostly attributed to variations in maximum air temperature. There was no significant relationship between aboveground biomass of plant functional groups and belowground biomass across all depths, indicating that the impact of maximum air temperature on belowground biomass should not be limited by aboveground biomass. The asymmetrical response of aboveground and belowground biomass under current climate fluctuations could provide new insights for the appropriate management of the alpine ecosystem.
Evaluation of changes in ion release and biological properties of NeoMTA‐Plus and Endocem‐MTA exposed to an acidic environment
Authors: Rodríguez‐Lozano F. J. , Collado‐González M. , López‐García S. , García‐Bernal D. , Moraleda J. M. , Lozano A. , Forner L. , Murcia L. , Oñate‐Sánchez R. E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo analyse in vitro changes in ion release and biological properties of Endocem‐MTA (Maruchi, Wonju, Korea) and NeoMTA‐Plus (Avalon Biomed Inc, Bradenton, FL, USA) exposed to acidic or neutral environment on human dental periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).MethodologyCell viability and wound healing assays were performed using eluates of each material. Cell death and changes in phenotype induced by the set endodontic sealer eluates were evaluated through flow cytometry. To evaluate cell attachment to the different materials, hPDLSCs were directly seeded onto the material surfaces and analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the materials was determined by energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and ion release was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and a Bonferroni or Tukey post‐test (α < 0.05).ResultsThe MTT assay revealed non‐cytotoxic effects of NeoMTA‐Plus and Endocem‐MTA at pH 5.2 and 7.4. However, there were minor differences compared with the control, especially at pH 5.2, where both materials were associated with significantly greater cell viability (P < 0.05). In both environments, the materials stimulated hPDLSCs to migrate. hPDLSCs were attached to the bioactive cements, with multiple prolongations proliferated on the surface of the samples. Moreover, there were no changes to cell phenotype or apoptosis/necrosis rates, indicating that the acidic environment did not induce cell death. Prismatic crystalline structures were seen on the surface of the cements exposed to butyric acid and EDX analysis identified a marked peak of Ca2+ from NeoMTA‐Plus and Endocem‐MTA in acidic and physiological environments.ConclusionsAn acidic environment favoured the release of Ca2+ ions from both bioactive cements, and the cytotoxicity of these bioactive cements was low in both environments studied.
Evolving trends in the surgical management of renal masses over the past two decades: A contemporary picture from a large prospectively‐maintained database
Authors: Chen Kenneth , Lee Alvin , Huang Hong Hong , Tay Kae Jack , Sim Allen , Lee Lui Shiong , Cheng Christopher Wai Sam , Ng Lay Guat , Ho Henry Sun Sien , Yuen John Shyi Peng 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the trends in the presentation and surgical management of renal tumors at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.MethodsWe accessed our uro‐oncological registry to extract the clinicopathological data of patients with renal tumors who underwent nephrectomy from 2000 to 2015. Binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of nephron‐sparing surgery utilization, Clavien–Dindo grade ≥III complications and progression to stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease. Cox regression models were created to evaluate the proportional hazards of the risk factors for overall survival and cancer‐specific survival.ResultsA total of 1208 cases of nephrectomy were carried out between 2000 and 2015. The proportion of cT1a tumors increased from 2000–2004 to 2010–2015, which was accompanied by the doubling of utilization rates of nephron‐sparing surgery and minimally invasive surgery. Charlson Comorbidity Index score <2, asymptomatic presentation, clinical T1a tumors and having an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were all independent predictors of nephron‐sparing surgery utilization. Age, symptomatic presentation and nephron‐sparing surgery utilization were all significantly associated with greater odds of having Clavien–Dindo grade ≥III complications, whereas minimally invasive surgery was associated with decreased risk. The utilization of partial nephrectomy and minimally invasive surgery was significantly associated with a decreased risk of developing postoperative stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease. Both overall survival and cancer‐specific survival were not significantly affected by whether nephron‐sparing surgery was utilized.ConclusionsThere has been an increasing proportion of small renal masses diagnosed incidentally with a shift towards nephron‐sparing surgery for clinically localized tumors. With the adoption of nephron‐sparing surgery, progression to stage 3 chronic kidney disease has decreased, without any compromise in oncological and survival outcomes.
Role of employee felt obligation and endorsement of the just world hypothesis: A social exchange theory investigation in an organizational justice context
Authors: Roch Sylvia G. , Shannon Choe E. , Martin Jeremiah J. , Swiderski David , Agosta John P. , Shanock Linda R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccording to social exchange theory, felt obligation after being treated justly is key to explaining why justice perceptions influence behaviors important to organizations, such as task performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Perhaps those who believe in a just world (Just World Hypothesis, JWH) are more likely to feel obligated to reciprocate just treatment with behaviors benefiting the organization. Thus, our goal was to investigate whether belief in the JWH influences to what extent people feel obligated after being treated justly and the importance of felt obligation in regard to behavioral outcomes, such as OCB and task performance. Based on 160 university alumni and their supervisors, results provide support that justice perceptions can relate to both job performance and OCB via felt obligation, providing empirical support for the theoretical role of felt obligation in the social exchange theory explanation of how justice perceptions can translate into employee behaviors benefiting the organization. Results also suggest that endorsement of the JWH interacts with procedural and distributive justice perceptions, but not interpersonal justice perceptions, to influence felt obligation and that the indirect effect of distributive and procedural justice perceptions on both OCB and task performance via felt obligation is only significant for individuals with relatively high levels of endorsement of the JWH. Implications are discussed.
Mitigation system threat partially mediates the effects of right‐wing ideologies on climate change beliefs
Authors: Clarke Edward J. R. , Ling Mathew , Kothe Emily J. , Klas Anna , Richardson Ben 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch consistently shows that right‐wing ideological adherents are more likely to deny climate change. However, less is known about how right‐wing ideological subtypes are uniquely related to climate change denial, as well as what explains these relationships. This study examines whether threat to the socioeconomic system in the form of climate change mitigation policies, referred to as Climate Change Mitigation Threat (CCMT), mediates the relationships between Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) subtypes and four forms of climate change denial (existence denial, human cause denial, impact denial and climate science denial). U.S. participants (N = 334; Mage = 34.70, SD = 5.98) were recruited via Amazon MTurk. When shared variance in the predictors was accounted for, we found that: (a) Conventionalism (RWA‐C) positively predicted all forms of climate change denial; (b) Dominance (SDO‐D) positively predicted existence denial; (c) Anti‐Egalitarianism (SDO‐E) positively predicted both human cause and impact denial; and (d) Aggression (RWA‐A) negatively predicted existence denial. All significant direct relationships were partially mediated by CCMT, except for the direct paths between SDO‐D and existence denial, and RWA‐A and existence denial. These findings suggest that right‐wing adherents who conform to societal norms and prefer unequal social systems may deny climate change partly due to a perception that mitigation strategies proposed to combat climate change threaten the existing socioeconomic system.