bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRC with Double Interposition Arthroplasty for Failed Partial Wrist Arthrodesis
Authors: Cantwell Sean R. , Kakar Sanjeev 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background In patients with lunate fossa and proximal capitate degeneration, or failed scaphoid excision and partial wrist arthrodesis, double allograft interposition arthroplasty may allow patients to maintain wrist motion and improve pain.
Description of Technique Following dorsal exposure of the carpus, a completion proximal row carpectomy is performed. Suture anchors are placed evenly along the perimeter of the distal radius and used to secure a precut sheet of allograft. Additional suture anchors are placed at the proximal aspect of the distal carpal row, securing a second piece of allograft to the proximal capitate and hamate.
Patients, Methods, and Results We present the case of a female with osteogenesis imperfecta who failed prior partial wrist fusion for treatment of scapholunate advanced collapse. She declined wrist arthrodesis and was not a candidate for total wrist arthroplasty. Proximal row carpectomy with double interposition arthroplasty provided resolution of her pain and preserved her wrist range of motion.
Conclusions Double interposition arthroplasty may provide reliable pain relief and wrist range of motion for patients with advanced wrist arthritis in whom traditional salvage procedures are contraindicated or have failed. Use of this technique offers benefits that may minimize complications and improve longevity compared with previously described allograft interposition techniques.
Isolated Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy in Patients with Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Atallah Oday , Badary Amr , Sanker Vivek , Awuah Wireko Andrew , Ergen Anil , Kandasamy Regunath , Chaurasia Bipin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Pituitary apoplexy is an acute clinical syndrome constituted by headache, visual impairment, ophthalmoplegia, and altered mental status. Abducens nerve palsy due to pituitary apoplexy is a significant clinical manifestation in pituitary apoplexy cases.This study aims to investigate the rare occurrence of isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy in patients with pituitary apoplexy, a condition characterized by sudden hemorrhagic or ischemic infarction of the pituitary gland.
Methods A search was conducted on major databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, to identify cases of isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy in patients with pituitary apoplexy. Only six cases were found in the available literature. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and relevant clinical features were compared between the cases.
Results Among the six identified cases, isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy in patients with pituitary apoplexy predominantly affected middle-aged adults, with a prominent male preponderance. Clinical manifestations included acute-onset diplopia and headache, with the most common radiologic finding being pituitary gland enlargement or hemorrhage. Laboratory investigations revealed hormonal dysregulation in some cases. Treatment approaches varied and included conservative management and surgical intervention. Outcomes were generally favorable, with most patients experiencing partial or complete resolution of their cranial nerve palsy.
Conclusion Isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy in patients in the context of pituitary apoplexy is an exceptionally rare occurrence, with only six documented cases in the available literature. Further research and case reporting are essential to better understand this rare clinical entity and guide optimal management strategies.
Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies among Adolescent Girls on Pubertal Changes in a Selected Schools, Mangaluru
Authors: Fernandes Sumitha , Zacharias Roselin , Noronha Wilma Shalini , Dsouza Deepthi Gladsy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Adolescence represents a pivotal stage marked by various physical, psychological-emotional, and social transformations. Among these changes, puberty stands out as a significant characterized by hormonal shifts, physical alterations, and emotional fluctuations.
Objectives The present study was aimed to assess perceived stress and coping strategies and find the relationship among adolescent girls on pubertal changes in a selected school in Mangaluru.
Materials and Methods The study adopted the descriptive survey design among 205 adolescent girls recruited by using convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using self-developed stress rating scale and standardized brief-COPE.
Results The study findings showed that the majority of the adolescent girls attained menarche at the age of 12 to 13 years and 72.7% of the adolescent girls perceived less level of stress, while 98% of the adolescent girls employed ineffective coping strategies on pubertal changes. The study findings also found that there was a moderate positive correlation between perceived stress and coping strategies (r = 0.480) among adolescent girls on pubertal changes.
Conclusion The study concluded that adolescent girls have less stress on pubertal changes and employ ineffective coping strategies during pubertal changes.
The Use of a Resurfacing Capitate Pyrocarbon Implant in Conjunction with a Proximal Row Carpectomy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rooney Aaron , Maling Lucy C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDegenerative wrist disease may have varying etiologies, but solutions to deal with this debilitating condition center around several common management pathways. Once nonoperative measures have been exhausted, generally there is a choice between motion sparing procedures or a total wrist arthrodesis. The appropriateness of motion sparing procedures will be dictated by the extent and pattern of degeneration, and midcarpal arthrosis is typically a contraindication to a proximal row carpectomy. One solution to this problem is to employ a Resurfacing Capitate Pyrocarbon Implant. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and effectiveness of this operation by systematically reviewing the literature. The findings of this review support the use of this implant in the setting of degenerative wrist disease, with reported outcomes comparable to similar operations. However, this is based on overall low numbers of reported outcomes with a reasonable chance of bias.
Level of Evidence III.
Rising Indian Inequality After 1983
Authors: Vakulabharanam Vamsi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
During the period (1983–2010), India witnessed its most sustained increase in inequality after independence until the present. This was also the period when India witnessed much higher growth rates than the previous decades. Two sets of government policies—business-friendly policies during the 1980s, and market-friendly policies from the launch of the liberalization era in 1991—caused this sustained increase, both in growth as well as inequality. The sequencing of these policies is important. Because business-friendly policies were introduced first, building on the consolidation of the business elites over the previous three decades (1947–93), the equalizing process that market reforms might have brought about for a certain period (as had happened in China in the early period after reform) did not occur in India. This chapter delineates the patterns of increased inequality since the 1980s and presents the underlying dynamics that consolidated two urban elite classes.
Concluding the Within-Country Inequality Framework and Brief Reflections on the Future
Authors: Vakulabharanam Vamsi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter does three things. First, while existing within-country inequality frameworks such as Kuznets’ and Piketty’s offer powerful insights, this chapter shows a way to build on these frameworks. While learning from these frameworks, the chapter offers a different one that takes into account deep global crises (that are endogenous to capitalism) and their structuring role in determining patterns of inequality. It builds on the experiences of China and India to illustrate this argument. The experiences of China and India, especially after 1980, strongly resonate with this framework and help illustrate it. Second, the chapter provides a broad overview of what happened in China and India between 2010 and 2024. It describes the tendency in both these countries to externalize their economies, while their political regimes have become more authoritarian, even as both countries have witnessed a slowdown of output growth. The chapter then speculates about the future of these economies.
Optimizing influenza vaccine allocation: A predictive analytics approach for informed public health planning
Authors: Flaker Susan M , Holm Michelle , Gilmer Mary , Perry Adam , Martindale-Mathern Sonia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Excessive purchasing of influenza vaccine can lead to costly overages and waste of resources. Insufficient quantities, however, can jeopardize population health. Our project aimed to use predictive analytics to determine the influenza vaccine quantities that would be needed for the next influenza season while minimizing vaccine waste and meeting patient care demands.

Methods
Several data sources were evaluated to develop a predictive analytics model to better estimate future influenza vaccine orders during upcoming influenza seasons. A retrospective analysis of influenza vaccine administrations over the last 4 influenza seasons allowed the team to develop an algorithm to predict influenza vaccine needs. Two regions within Mayo Clinic were selected to determine the validity of our ordering process. These 2 regions, identified as regions 3 and 5, ordered influenza vaccines based on the algorithm, while the other 3 regions acted as control groups, ordering though traditional methods based on purchasing data.

Results
Predictive analysis for the 2 intervention regions resulted in a savings of over $1 million when compared to traditional ordering methods. The model predicted that the quantity of vaccine ordered should be 17,574.16 and 9,164.29 quadrivalent influenza vaccines for regions 3 and 5, respectively. On the basis of actual administration data, 15,902 vaccines for region 3 and 9,016 vaccines for region 5 will be administered by the end of the season, both of which are less than the predicted amount needed, demonstrating the accuracy of the analytics.

Conclusion
Compared to the traditional ordering method, ordering using predictive analytics allowed the team to more accurately determine future order volumes and spend, yielding significant cost savings.
Meeting the accreditation standard through implementation of a multiprogram residency advisory committee and ongoing quality improvement
Authors: Rife Kelsey M , LeHew Colleen P , Stypa Katherine L , Wenzell Candice M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the process utilized by a large multiprogram residency site to expand preceptor engagement and establish ongoing quality improvement efforts in order to meet the program’s needs in response to evolving ASHP accreditation standards.

Summary
A multiprogram residency advisory committee (RAC) primarily composed of residency program leadership was formed to focus on aspects of program management and accreditation compliance that were not being addressed at the monthly all-preceptor meeting. The ASHP standard and a recent residency accreditation survey guided the RAC agenda, which led to the creation of a combined manual for the institution’s 5 residency programs and a preceptor manual. Preceptor engagement was improved through the establishment of local preceptor requirements, inclusion of preceptor representatives on the RAC, expansion of subcommittee opportunities, addition of a preceptor midpoint retreat, and optimization of the end-of-year preceptor retreat. Communication with residents and identification of continual improvement opportunities were improved through roundtables with residents, residency program directors, and the RAC chair; a monthly meeting with the rotating chief resident and RAC chair; and face-to-face exit interviews with the department’s chief of pharmacy. The RAC chair has been a key figure in coordinating program change to meet the ASHP standard as well as leading planning for subsequent ASHP surveys.

Conclusion
Through the establishment of a multiprogram RAC and a RAC chair, our program has been able to engage a large preceptor group that is dedicated to continual improvement and provides the ability to dynamically respond to ASHP’s progressing guidance for pharmacy residency programs.
p-IgGen: a paired antibody generative language model
Authors: Turnbull Oliver M , Oglic Dino , Croasdale-Wood Rebecca , Deane Charlotte M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Summary
A key challenge in antibody drug discovery is designing novel sequences that are free from developability issues—such as aggregation, polyspecificity, poor expression, or low solubility. Here, we present p-IgGen, a protein language model for paired heavy-light chain antibody generation. The model generates diverse, antibody-like sequences with pairing properties found in natural antibodies. We also create a finetuned version of p-IgGen that biases the model to generate antibodies with 3D biophysical properties that fall within distributions seen in clinical-stage therapeutic antibodies.

Availability and implementation
The model and inference code are freely available at www.github.com/oxpig/p-IgGen. Cleaned training data are deposited at doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13880874.
Disabling pansclerotic morphoea: a century of discovery
Authors: Hua Vivian K , Chang Johanna , Laxer Ronald M , Broderick Lori 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Disabling pansclerotic morphoea (DPM) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder at the severe end of the localized scleroderma spectrum. It primarily affects children &lt; 14 years old. DPM is characterized by rapid sclerosis with circumferential involvement that frequently extends to the fascia, muscle and bone. Disease progression often involves the development of sclerotic plaques, chronic skin ulcers and painful joint contractures, leading to patient immobility and a high mortality rate. Internal organ fibrosis is typically absent. The aggressive and systemic nature of DPM leads patients to seek multidisciplinary care. Current treatments are targeted toward immunomodulation and measures to preserve mobility while limiting infection, but they often have limited efficacy.

Objectives
To summarize all patients with DPM reported in the English-language literature, common clinical symptoms, laboratory investigations and treatments reported to date.

Methods
A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar. All English-language original articles, case reports, abstracts and letters to the editor were included. Each publication was reviewed for diagnosis, clinical presentation, available laboratory/histological studies, treatment and outcome.

Results
We identified 52 reports comprising 86 patients published up to December 2023. Assessment of published cases suggested that the number of treatments does not influence disease outcome and that female patients are younger at the time of reported death.

Conclusions
Clinician familiarity and awareness of common DPM symptoms are important for an accurate and early diagnosis. Knowledge of treatments that have been reported to be effective in mitigating disease progression may be helpful in expanding the available treatment options.
Loss of quality of life and increased societal costs in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the AFFECT-HCM study
Authors: Schoonvelde Stephan A C , Wiethoff Isabell , Zwetsloot Peter-Paul , Hirsch Alexander , Knackstedt Christian , Germans Tjeerd , Sikking Maurits , Schinkel Arend F L , van Slegtenhorst Marjon A , Verhagen Judith M A , de Boer Rudolf A , Evers Silvia M A A , Hiligsmann Mickaël , Michels Michelle 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent inherited cardiac disease. The impact of HCM on quality of life (QoL) and societal costs remains poorly understood. This prospective multi-centre burden of disease study estimated QoL and societal costs of genotyped HCM patients and genotype-positive phenotype-negative (G+/P−) subjects.

Methods and results
Participants were categorized into three groups based on genotype and phenotype: (i) G+/P− [left ventricular (LV) wall thickness &lt;13 mm], (ii) non-obstructive HCM [nHCM, LV outflow tract (LVOT) gradient &lt;30 mmHg], and (iii) obstructive HCM (oHCM, LVOT gradient ≥30 mmHg). We assessed QoL with EQ-5D-5L and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaires (KCCQ). Societal costs were measured using medical consumption (Medical Consumption Questionnaire) and productivity cost (iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire) questionnaires. We performed subanalyses within three age groups: &lt;40, 40–59, and ≥60 years. From three Dutch hospitals, 506 subjects were enrolled (84 G+/P−, 313 nHCM, 109 oHCM; median age 59 years, 39% female). HCM (both nHCM and oHCM) patients reported reduced QoL vs. G+/P− subjects (KCCQ: 88 vs. 98, EQ-5D-5L: 0.88 vs. 0.96; both P &lt; 0.001). oHCM patients reported lower KCCQ scores than nHCM patients (83 vs. 89, P = 0.036). Societal costs were significantly higher in HCM patients (€19,035/year vs. €7385/year) compared with G+/P− controls, mainly explained by higher healthcare costs and productivity losses. Being symptomatic and of younger age (&lt;60 years) particularly led to decreased QoL and increased costs.

Conclusion
HCM is associated with decreased QoL and increased societal costs, especially in younger and symptomatic patients. oHCM patients were more frequently symptomatic than nHCM patients. This study highlights the substantial disease burden of HCM and can aid in assessing new therapy cost-effectiveness for HCM in the future.
Artificial neural networks and medieval music
Authors: Fresquet Xavier 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article delves into the integration of deep learning and medieval musicology. The article explores the use of deep learning in analyzing and transcribing medieval music manuscripts, offering insights into historical musical styles and compositions. It addresses the challenges and opportunities of applying AI in medieval musicology, and provides a critical analysis of deep learning’s potential in enhancing our understanding of medieval music heritage. The discussion encompasses the study of medieval music and its cultural context, emphasizing the significance of manuscripts, treatises and iconography in musicological research. The integration of digital humanities and computational advancements in medieval musicology is highlighted, revealing how technological progress has been incorporated systematically into the study of complex cultural objects.
How the educational level of confidants impacts our political attitudes?
Authors: Jeroense Thijmen , Spierings Niels , Tolsma Jochem 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The role of an individual’s educational level in shaping their political attitudes is very well documented. Also, social networks formed by both our strong and weak ties are generally segregated by educational level. Dove-tailing these two observations raised the question of whether the educational level of one’s confidants also independently impacts an individual’s political attitudes; however, this question has gotten hardly any attention. Therefore, we theorize and study the role of education in the core discussion network, including the question under what conditions the influence of our confidant’s education on our political attitudes is especially strong. Empirically, we use a random intercept cross-lagged panel model to disentangle selection effects from the influence effects of interest. We find a small but robust influence effect of confidants’ educational attainment on political attitudes of ego. However, confidants’ influence does not depend on the degree of dyadic political discussion, confidant newness, and dyadic similarity.
Centrally adjudicated vs. investigator-reported outcomes in randomized heart failure trials
Authors: Wandel Simon , Desai Akshay S , Chen Chien-Wei , McMurray John J V , Packer Milton , Solomon Scott D , Pfeffer Marc A , Felker G Michael , Zannad Faiez , Petrie Mark C , Jhund Pardeep S , Attari Zenab , Mueller-Velten Guenther , Lefkowitz Martin , Soergel David , Gimpelewicz Claudio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Heart failure endpoints in cardiovascular outcome trials are commonly identified through centralized adjudication of investigator-reported events. It remains unclear whether central adjudication improves the accuracy of treatment effect estimates in terms of log[hazard ratios (HR)].

Methods
Data from seven cardiovascular outcome trials with &gt;1000 patients that included centrally adjudicated heart failure outcomes were utilized to assess (i) the concordance between investigator-reported and centrally adjudicated heart failure and cardiovascular death events; (ii) rates of subsequent all-cause mortality following positively vs. negatively adjudicated heart failure events; and (iii) the correlation of log(HR) based on centrally adjudicated vs. investigator-reported events.

Results
Positive adjudication rates for investigator-reported events varied widely across trials, but were generally higher for cardiovascular death (range: 87.9%–99.2%) than for heart failure hospitalization (range: 61.6%–88.0%). The risk for subsequent all-cause death was similar for positively and negatively adjudicated heart failure hospitalizations. Log(HR) correlated well for cardiovascular death [R2 = .80, 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.53–0.93] and the composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (R2 = .79, 95% CrI: 0.46–0.93), but less for heart failure hospitalization (R2 = .57, 95% CrI: 0.10–0.83).

Conclusions
Positive adjudication rates were lower for heart failure events than cardiovascular death, but even negatively adjudicated heart failure events are prognostically important. Central adjudication of events did not alter the results (precision or estimated log(HR)), though some variation was observed, depending on the indication. The results suggest that the decision to pursue centralized adjudication of heart failure events in a specific trial may need to be individualized.
Emergence of dauer larvae in Caenorhabditis elegans disrupts continuity of host-microbiome interactions
Authors: Bodkhe Rahul , Trang Kenneth , Hammond Sabrina , Jung Da Kyung , Shapira Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nematodes are common in most terrestrial environments, where populations are often known to undergo cycles of boom and bust. Useful in such scenarios, nematodes present developmental programs of diapause, giving rise to stress-resistant larvae and enabling dispersal in search of new resources. Best studied in Caenorhabditis elegans, stress resistant dauer larvae emerge under adverse conditions, primarily starvation, and migrate to new niches where they can resume development and reproduce. Caenorhabditis elegans is a bacterivore but has been shown to harbor a persistent and characteristic gut microbiome. While much is known about the gut microbiome of reproducing C. elegans, what dauers harbor is yet unknown. This is of interest, as dauers are those that would enable transmission of microbes between nematode generations and geographical sites, maintaining continuity of host-microbe interactions. Using culture-dependent as well as sequencing-based approaches, we examined the gut microbiomes of dauers emerging following population growth on ten different natural-like microbially diverse environments as well as on two defined communities of known gut commensals and found that dauers were largely devoid of gut bacteria. These results suggest that host gut-microbiome interactions in C. elegans are not continuous across successive generations and may reduce the likelihood of long-term worm-microbe coevolution.