bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Tumor Microenvironment for Nanoparticle‐Mediated Radiotherapy
Authors: Zhu Shuang , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the dramatic improvement of nanoparticle‐mediated radiotherapy in preclinical or even clinical cancer research. Among the extensive developments, tumor‐targeted strategies are receiving more and more attention as they become able increase their therapeutic effects as well as reduce the side effects to healthy tissues. The tumor microenvironment (TME) with its critical function in tumor development and distinctive abnormal characteristics, is also widely studied as a target/response for tumor‐specific nano‐radiotherapy. The fast advances of TME‐assisted nano‐radiotherapy have offered numerous novel strategies and approaches for efficiently destroying cancer. This review summarizes the recent advances and development of TME‐enabled nanoparticle‐mediated radiotherapy. Firstly, a brief description of the typical TME characteristics including vasculature, hypoxia, mild acidity, redox reactions, extracellular matrix, and various cellular components is given. Next, the representative examples of TME‐enabled nanoparticle‐mediated radiotherapy are categorized and discussed in two parts: TME components–targeted nano‐radiotherapy and TME characteristics‐responsive nano‐radiotherapy. Lastly, some obstacles and challenges associated with this field are also proposed at the end of this review.
Properties of Highly Efficient Charge Generation and Transport of Multialternating Organic Heterojunctions and Its Application in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Guo Qingxun , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Qiao Xianfeng , Chen Jiangshan , Zhu Tengfei , Ma Dongge 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe highly efficient charge generation and transport is realized by simply stacking several 1,4,5,8,9,11‐hexa‐azatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT‐CN)/4,4′,4″‐tris(N‐3‐methylphenyl‐N‐phenylamino) triph‐enylamine (m‐MTDATA) organic heterojunctions in series. Mechanism analysis confirms that the highly effective charge transport property benefits from the efficient charge generation and recombination processes at the HAT‐CN/m‐MTDATA interfaces. It is found that the efficient multialternating organic heterojunctions can be used not only as hole and electron transporters to supply large charge injection, but also as excellent charge generation layer (CGL) to fabricate high‐performance tandem organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The resulting red phosphorescent OLEDs by simultaneously using the multialternating organic heterojunctions as hole and electron transporters realize the power efficiency (PE) of 36.7 lm W−1, current efficiency (CE) of 28.0 cd A−1, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.4%, whereas the PE, CE, and EQE, respectively, reach 37.1 lm W−1, 56.0 cd A−1, and 31.8% when simultaneously using the multialternating organic heterojunctions as hole and electron transporters and CGL to fabricate tandem red phosphorescent OLEDs, indicating the validity of the multialternating organic heterojunctions as the charge generator and transporters. The results provide us a totally new way of fabricating high‐performance OLEDs.
Organic–Inorganic Heterojunctions toward High‐Performance Ambipolar Field‐Effect Transistor Applications
Authors: Li Molin , Wang Jiawei , Cai Xiaoyong , Liu Fengjing , Li Xiaojun , Wang Liang , Liao Lei , Jiang Chao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work reports on combination of organic–inorganic heterojunctions between amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) and organic semiconductors for design of high‐performance ambipolar transistors. A vertically sequential layer device configuration that the organic small molecule dinaphtho‐thieno‐thiophene (DNTT) and dioctylbenzothieno[2,3‐b]benzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) are directly vacuum deposited on the surface of a‐IGZO without any interface modification is employed in ambipolar transistors. The ambipolar transistors based on C8‐BTBT/a‐IGZO featured with V‐shaped transfer curves exhibit an outstanding electrical performance with mobilities as high as 5.1 and 4.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and holes, respectively. The formation of N‐type channel even if covered with several tens of nanometers thick small molecule film is clarified with the charge injection mechanisms based on both thermionic injection and/or tunneling transport processes. High‐performance ambipolar inverter with extremely large gain of 124 V/V is fabricated based on the C8‐BTBT/a‐IGZO ambipolar transistors. Moreover, a single‐transistor frequency doubler shows high spectral purity with 70% of the output energy at the doubling frequency of 2 kHz. The present work provides a strategy for manufacturing high‐performance ambipolar transistor with straightforward processing approaches, which may help deepen the understanding of ambipolar channel's working mechanisms and optimize the design procedures of logic electrical components.
Gigahertz Integrated Circuits Based on Complementary Black Phosphorus Transistors
Authors: Chen Li , Li Si , Feng Xuewei , Wang Lin , Huang Xin , Tee Benjamin C.‐K. , Ang Kah‐Wee 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has attracted enormous interest for logic applications due to its unique electronic properties. However, pristine BP exhibits predominant p‐type channel conductance, which limits the realization of complementary circuits unless an effective n‐type doping is found. Here, a practical approach to transform the conductivity of BP from p‐type to n‐type via a spatially controlled aluminum (Al) doping is proposed. Symmetrical threshold voltage for the pair of p‐type and n‐type BP field‐effect transistors can be achieved by tuning the Al doping concentration. The complementary inverter circuit shows a clear logic inversion with a high voltage gain of up to ≈11 at a supply voltage (VDD) of 1.5 V. Simultaneously, a high noise margin of 0.27 × VDD is achieved for both low (NML) and high (NMH) input voltages, indicating excellent noise immunity. Moreover, a three‐stage ring oscillator with a theoretical frequency above 1.8 GHz and microwatt level power dissipation is modeled, which shows a low propagation delay per stage. This study demonstrates a practical approach to fabricate high performance complementary integrated circuits on a homogenous BP channel material, paving the way toward complex cascaded circuits and sensor interface applications.
Toward Predicting Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells via Machine Learning and Improved Descriptors
Authors: Sahu Harikrishna , Rao Weining , Troisi Alessandro , Ma Haibo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo design efficient materials for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), it is essential to identify the largest number of parameters that control their properties and build a model using these parameters (known as descriptors) for the prediction of the power conversion efficiency (PCE). By constructing a dataset for 280 small molecule OPV systems, it is found that for all high‐performing devices, frontier molecular orbitals of donor molecules are nearly degenerated and in such cases, orbitals other than just highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) are involved in exciton formation, exciton dissociation, and hole transport processes influencing the macroscopic properties of OPVs. Machine learning approaches, including random forest, gradient boosting, deep neural network are used to build models for the prediction of PCE using 13 important microscopic properties of organic materials as descriptors. Quite impressive performance of the gradient boosting model (Pearson's coefficient = 0.79) indicates that it can certainly be applied to high‐throughput virtual screening of promising new donor molecules for high‐efficiency OPVs.
White matter measures correlate with essential tremor severity—A pilot diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Nestrasil Igor , Svatkova Alena , Rudser Kyle D. , Chityala Ravishankar , Wakumoto Amy , Mueller Bryon A. , Bednařík Petr , Tuite Paul , Wu Xiang , Bushara Khalaf 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAn evolving pathophysiological concept of essential tremor (ET) points to diffuse brain network involvement, which emphasizes the need to investigate white matter (WM) changes associated with motor symptoms ofET.ObjectivesTo investigateET‐relatedWMchanges andWMcorrelates of tremor severity using tremor clinical rating scales and accelerometry.MethodsTract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach was utilized to compare 3 Tesla diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 12ETpatients and 10 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals. Clinical scales, tremor frequency and amplitude as measured by accelerometry were correlated withDTIdata.ResultsETpatients demonstrated mean (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) abnormalities in tracts involved in primary and associative motor functions such as bilateral corticospinal tracts, the superior longitudinal fascicles, and the corpus callosum but also in nonmotor regions including the inferior fronto‐occipital and longitudinal fascicles, cingulum bundles, anterior thalamic radiations, and uncinate fascicles. A combined tremor frequency and amplitude score correlated withRDandMDin extensiveWMareas, which partially overlapped the regions that were associated with tremor frequency. No significant relationship was found betweenDTImeasures and clinical rating scales scores.ConclusionsThe results show thatET‐related diffusionWMchanges and their correlates with tremor severity are preferentially located in the primary and associative motor areas. In contrast, a relationship betweenWMwas not detected with clinical rating scales. Accelerometry parameters may, therefore, serve as a potentially useful clinical measures that relate toWMdeficits inET.
Metabolic acidosis after sodium thiosulfate infusion and the role of hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Hunt Guenola M. , Ryder Hilary F. 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageSodium thiosulfate (STS), first‐line treatment for calcific uremic arteriolopathy, causes a mild asymptomatic acidosis in many patients. However, severe, life‐threatening acidosis out of proportion with the expected acid load of STS may occur, potentially due to metabolism of STS to hydrogen sulfide.
Therapeutic failure and eventual solution for skin necrosis and exposed tendon of the dorsum of the foot: A case report
Authors: Toyoshima Yoichi , Maeda Toshio , Kijima Takeshi , Namiki Osamu , Nemoto Tetsuya , Inagaki Katsunori 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageFor the treatment of skin necrosis with exposed tendons in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) foot, we should perform microvascular free flap surgery at an early stage without conservative treatment considering the increased risk of infection and the decreased physical activity.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution in Mg‐Free and Mg–Containing Ionic Liquid 1‐Butyl‐1‐Methylpyrrolidinium Bis (Trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Imide
Authors: Bozorgchenani Maral , Fischer Philipp , Schnaidt Johannes , Diemant Thomas , Schwarz Rainer M. , Marinaro Mario , Wachtler Mario , Jörissen Ludwig , Behm R. Jürgen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAiming at a better understanding of the air electrode processes in Mg‐air batteries, we have investigated the activity of different electrode materials, viz., Pt, Au, glassy carbon (GC) and manganese (III)‐ and (IV)‐oxides (Mn2O3 and MnO2) for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions in the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (BMP‐TFSI) and the influence of Mg2+ thereon. Employing planar model electrodes in a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) setup, we used cyclic voltammetry at different rotation rates to test the reversibility of these reactions and quantify the number of electrons transferred during the ORR. Reversible ORR and OER are observed for all electrodes in neat BMP‐TFSI electrolyte, while in the Mg2+ containing electrolyte (Mg‐TFSI2) the OER is strongly hindered for all electrode materials. This goes along with the rapid build‐up of a passivation layer during cycling, which increasingly inhibits also the ORR. The morphology and chemical composition of the passivation layer were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), indicating that MgO2 is the main product formed by the ORR.
A Millifluidic Reactor System for Multistep Continuous Synthesis of InP/ZnSeS Nanoparticles
Authors: Vikram Ajit , Kumar Vivek , Ramesh Utkarsh , Balakrishnan Karthik , Oh Nuri , Deshpande Kishori , Ewers Trevor , Trefonas Peter , Shim Moonsub , Kenis Paul J. A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite the growing interest in quantum dots for applications ranging from bioimaging to display technologies, the reproducible and high‐quality synthesis of Cd‐free quantum dots (QDs) on a large scale remains challenging. Conventional large‐scale batch synthesis techniques are limited by slow precursor heating/cooling/mixing, poor reproducibility and low productivity. In recent years, the continuous flow synthesis of QDs using microfluidic approaches has shown promise to overcome the shortcomings of batch synthesis. However, the application of microfluidic reactors for synthesis of Cd‐free QDs exhibiting high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) at high production rate remains a challenge. Here, we report a modular millifluidic reactor for the fully continuous multi‐step synthesis of InP/ZnSeS core‐shell QDs, that integrates the precise control over reaction conditions with the potential for gram‐scale production rates. We use a design of experiment approach to understand and optimize the process parameters for the synthesis, resulting in PL QY up to 67% with good reproducibility in terms of both QY and peak position (less than 5% standard deviation). Additionally, by changing the process parameters for different reaction stages (core and shell reactors), the wavelength of the InP/ZnSeS particles can be tuned to cover nearly the entire visible spectrum (480–650 nm).
Evaluation of Food and Spherical Carbon Adsorbent Effects on the Pharmacokinetics of Roxadustat in Healthy Nonelderly Adult Male Japanese Subjects
Authors: Shibata Tomohisa , Nomura Yuki , Takada Akitsugu , Ueno Mai , Katashima Masataka , Yazawa Rie , Furihata Kenichi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRoxadustat is a hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor in late‐stage clinical development for the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease. Spherical carbon adsorbent (SCA) is used in patients with chronic kidney disease and has been shown to impact absorption of certain concomitant drugs. Two phase 1, open‐label, randomized, crossover studies were conducted in healthy adult Japanese males to investigate the effect of food and SCA on the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of roxadustat. Subjects in the food effect study received a single dose of 100‐mg roxadustat under fed and fasted conditions. Subjects in the SCA/roxadustat drug‐drug interaction study received a single dose of 100‐mg roxadustat alone, concomitantly with SCA, and 1 and 2 hours before and after SCA to consider the real‐world clinical situation and assess any potential impact of a lag time on the pharmacokinetics of roxadustat. Primary outcomes for both studies were area under the concentration‐time curve from the time of dosing extrapolated to infinity and maximum concentration of drug in blood plasma. In the food effect study (N = 16), the geometric mean ratio (fed/fasted) and 90% confidence interval for area under the concentration‐time curve from the time of dosing extrapolated to infinity and maximum concentration of roxadustat were 94.44 (89.93‐99.18) and 79.88 (72.09‐88.52), respectively. In the SCA/roxadustat drug‐drug interaction study, all geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals (roxadustat + SCA/roxadustat) were within the no‐effect boundaries of 80% and 125%. Roxadustat was generally well tolerated. The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of roxadustat and the drug‐drug interaction between roxadustat and SCA do not appear to be clinically relevant and support the safe use of roxadustat under these conditions.
Understanding dynamic change in perceptions of person–environment fit: An exploration of competing theoretical perspectives
Authors: Vleugels Wouter , De Cooman Rein , Verbruggen Marijke , Solinger Omar 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe longstanding assumption in person–environment (PE) fit research is that perceived fit embodies the subjectively experienced match between personal and environmental attributes and hence triggers affect and behavior (i.e., normal causation perspective). This argument is however increasingly debated, with some scholars suggesting that the causal flow may also run from affect and behavior to perceived fit (i.e., reverse causation perspective), and others even arguing that perceptions of PE fit are not substantially different from how people feel and think about their environment (i.e., synchronous relationship perspective). In this research, we propose that these three competing perspectives correspond with different assumptions on how PE fit perceptions dynamically change over time (i.e., by means of comparative reasoning, logical deduction, or heuristic thinking). We empirically validate these three competing perspectives by teasing out the causal ordering of the within‐person relationships between perceptions of fit and workplace affect and performance. In two separate diary studies, one with weekly (N = 153) and one with daily (N = 77) repeated measures, support was found for the synchronous relationship perspective with heuristic thinking as the plausible underlying process. This research contributes to the PE fit literature by providing new insight into the dynamic nature of perceived fit.
P53 mediates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Liu Jia , Zeng Jiajun , Wang Xiaoxuan , Zheng Ming , Luan Qingxian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in activation of the inflammatory response has been proven in previous study using human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) stimulation, but its exact mechanism has not been established. ROS can be generated through increased oxidative phosphorylation. P53 originally identified as a tumor suppressor, has been demonstrated to be associated with energy metabolism. We proposed that LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokines release in HGFs is mediated by interaction between P53 and ROS levels.MethodsHGFs were grown in medium with Pg LPS stimulation. Gene expression was performed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot analysis. HGFs were also processed by immunofluorescence to characterize the localization of P53. ROS was measured using a multimodal microplate reader and immunofluorescence microscopy. Cellular respiration levels were performed with a high‐resolution respirometer. Cytokines secretion was confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsLPS‐induced P53 activity and localization in mitochondria led to cellular redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, thus triggered the cellular inflammatory response with increased secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Furthermore, the cellular redox imbalance and inflammation induced by LPS were reversed by inhibiting P53 activity. P53 expression followed by LPS‐induced inflammation was also be restricted by suppressing ROS generation.ConclusionsThe present study shows that LPS‐induced inflammation in HGFs is partially dependent on P53 modulating ROS and ROS stimulating P53, which suggests that P53 and ROS may form a feedback loop. The identification of this mechanism may provide potential new therapeutic strategies for periodontitis.
Nutrient use efficiency and harvest index of cassava decline as fertigation solution concentration increases
Authors: Omondi John Okoth , Lazarovitch Naftali , Rachmilevitch Shimon , Boahen Steve , Ntawuruhunga Pheneas , Sokolowski Eldad , Yermiyahu Uri 
Published: July 2018

AbstractResponse of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to fertigation as a form of nutrient delivery is unknown. The objectives of this study were to establish a balanced nutrition and to enhance agronomic nutrient use efficiency (ANUE) of cassava under fertigation. This study was conducted in the greenhouse and in the field. In both, the results showed a similar trend. There were six fertigation concentrations and three cassava varieties, selected for their duration of growth in the field. Shoot biomass of the long‐duration variety (Nalumino) was the highest, even though its dry root yield was the lowest (10.18 t ha−1) among the varieties. In contrast, the medium‐duration variety (Kampolombo) produced the highest dry root yield (20.34 t ha−1) and a lower shoot biomass. The highest root yield of the shortest‐duration variety (Mweru) was achieved at 200 mg N, 30 mg P, and 200 mg K L−1 (155.0, 23.3, 155.0 kg N, P, K ha−1), while Nalumino's was at 70 mg N, 7 mg P, and 70 mg K L−1 (54.3, 5.4, 54.3 kg N, P, K ha−1). ANUE and harvest index of these varieties declined as the fertigation concentrations increased. Additionally, the correlation between concentrations of N in the youngest fully expanded leaf (YFEL) blades and dry root yields was the lowest (R2 = 0.5488), whereas P and K were R2 = 0.7237 and R2 = 0.8006, respectively, an indication that nutrient concentrations in the leaf, especially N, cannot easily be used to predict root yield. When cassava reaches nutrient sufficiency, mainly N, its accumulation in the leaf continues without significant increase in the root yield.
A Systematic Review of Psychological and Pharmacological Treatments for Adjustment Disorder in Adults
Authors: O'Donnell Meaghan L. , Metcalf Olivia , Watson Loretta , Phelps Andrea , Varker Tracey 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdjustment disorder is a common psychiatric disorder, yet knowledge of the efficacious treatments for adjustment disorder is limited. In this systematic review, we aimed to examine psychological and pharmacological interventions that target adjustment disorder in adults to determine which interventions have the best evidence for improving adjustment disorder symptoms. We performed database searches for literature published between January 1980 and September 2016 and identified studies that included both a sample majority of individuals diagnosed with adjustment disorder and findings on adjustment disorder symptom outcomes. There were 29 studies that met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis; the majority of studies (59%) investigated psychological therapies rather than pharmacological treatments (35%). The range of psychological therapies tested was diverse, with the majority containing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) components (53%), followed by three studies that were psychodynamic‐related, three studies that were behavioral therapy–based, and two studies that involved relaxation techniques. We rated individual studies using a modified National Health and Medical Research Council quality and bias checklist and then used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE; Grade Working Group, 2004) system to rate the overall quality of the evidence. Despite several randomized controlled trials, the quality of the evidence for positive effects of all psychological and pharmacological treatments on symptoms of adjustment disorder was ranked as low to very low. Future high‐quality research in the treatment of adjustment disorder has the potential to make a significant difference to individuals who struggle to recover after stressful events.