bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunologic Studies of Platelet Protein
Authors: NACHMAN RALPH L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Antigens were demonstrated in platelets which were not detectable in plasma. One of these antigens was detected in serum and was presumed to be released during the process of coagulation. Plasminogen and fibrinogen were detected in platelets, and the fibrinogen appears to be part of the intracellular structure. Thrombin was found to act not only on fibrinogen but also on at least one other unidentified platelet protein.
Starch Block Electrophoresis of Plasma and Serum Clotting Factors. Separation of Activated PTC (PTC’)
Authors: SCHIFFMAN SANDRA , RAPAPORT SAMUEL I. , PATCH MARY JANE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Plasma clotting factors separate into two groups on starch block electrophoresis. The contact activation factors—Hageman factor, PTA, and activated PTA—remain around the origin, whereas the vitamin K-dependent factors— prothrombin, proconvertin, Stuart factor, and PTC—migrate between the α-globulins and albumin. AHG, proaccelerin, and thrombin are not recovered.
2. The electrophoretic pattern of serum differs from that of plasma mainly in the absence of prothrombin and in the presence of activated PTC (PTC’).
3. The electrophoretic mobility of PTC’ is found to differ from that of native PTC. This difference may be exploited to separate PTC’ from its native form and from Stuart factor.
Brief Report: Utilization of Iron by Scorbutic Guinea Pigs
Authors: BANERJEE SACHCHIDANANDA , CHAKRABARTY ARDHENDU SEKHAR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Administration of iron to guinea pigs during the progress of development of scurvy did not check the onset of anemia but enhanced it. Iron treatment also could not correct hypoferemia observed in the scorbutic condition although absorption of iron from the intestinal tract was not defective. The absorbed iron was deposited in tissues as hemosiderin. Ascorbic acid seems to be necessary for utilization of iron in the synthesis of hemoglobin.
Brief Case Report: Syndrome of Erythremia di Guglielmo after Lightning Injury with Autoimmune Antibodies and Terminating in Acute Monocytic Leukemia
Authors: ENG LIE-INJO LUAN , SINNADURAI C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of lightning injury is described associated with changes of the hemopoietic system resembling di Guglielmo’s syndrome. Megaloblasts were found in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, resistant to folic acid and vitamin B12 treatment. The presence of auto-immune antibodies in this patient was accompanied by a hemolytic condition not responding to treatment with high doses of prednisolone. Towards the end of the disease the most bizarre-looking erythroblasts were seen in the peripheral blood. Shortly before death the condition suddenly changed into an acute monocytic leukemia. Although it was not proved that the lightning injury caused or precipitated the blood changes, it is thought not to be improbable.
Immunohistochemical Study of Thrombolytic Mechanisms
Authors: BACK N. , HIRAMOTO R. , AMBRUS J. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The indirect immunofluorescent staining technic has been employed to study the localization onto fibrin clots of components of the fibrinolysin system and its activators. Immunodiffusion technics revealed the heterogeneity of the various enzyme preparations used. The activated fibrinolytic enzyme preparations were found to localize onto and diffuse into the matrix and core of the clots. High degree of localization was seen with streptokinase-, urokinase- and spontaneously activated human plasmin, as well as human plasminogen. Chloroform-activated bovine plasmin localized to a lesser extent. No differences were observed in the results whether the fibrin clots were of human, canine or bovine origin.
Sickle Cell Disease. A Serum Defect in the Thromboplastin Generation Test
Authors: HENSTELL HENRY H. , KLIGERMAN MIRIAM , IRWIN LOWELL E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A defective ability of sickle cell disease (SCD) serum to support thromboplastin generation was demonstrated.
2. The serum defect was associated primarily with homozygous SCD, although defects of varying severity were also noted in the heterozygous forms.
3. The deficiency appears to be due to an accelerated loss of thrombin or thrombin-like factors from serum.
Ultrastructural Studies of the May-Hegglin Anomaly
Authors: JORDAN S. W. , LARSEN W. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One case of May-Hegglin’s anomaly has been described with characteristic findings present also in the mother of the reported case. The propositus showed typical stigmata of the condition: characteristic crescentic, pyroninophilic cytoplasmic patches in a high proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, thrombocytopenia, and giant platelets. The patient’s mother, however, had characteristic patches in only 6 per cent of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and had giant platelets, but was not thrombocytopenic. This is the first patient reported to have such a small proportion of affected polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and suggests that there is variable expression of this genetically determined error of cell differentiation. Other family members did not show hematologic abnormalities.
The ultrastructure of leukocytes and platelets from the propositus was investigated, and it was found that:
1. No ultrastructural abnormalities were identified in the lymphocytes and monocytes.
2. Polymorphonuclear neutrophiles had irregular cytoplasmic areas which lacked specific granules and which contained small granules probably glycogen, 50 Å. diameter filaments, and amorphous densities.
3. The fibrils found in the characteristic patches probably consist of RNA.
4. Platelets have apparently normal ultrastructure, but are twice the normal diameter.
Iron Metabolism in Rats with Phenylhydrazine-Induced Hemolytic Disease
Authors: CONRAD MARCEL E. , WEINTRAUB LEWIS R. , CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Increased absorption and excretion of iron were observed in AcPh-treated animals. Enhanced absorption was related to a decrease in the iron content of intestinal epithelial cells and an accelerated plasma iron turnover. Increased excretion of iron from AcPh-treated rats was attributed to an enhanced biliary loss of iron and an increased rate of turnover of the small intestinal epithelium. The balance established between absorption and loss of iron would prevent the accumulation of a massive iron store in this hemolytic disorder.
The Carbohydrate Intermediates of Erythrocytes Deficient in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Authors: SHAFER A. WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The carbohydrate intermediates of erythrocytes were studied before and after incubation for 6 hours at 37 C. A comparison was made between a case of NSHA with G-6-PD deficiency, his mother, a Caucasian and a Negro with G-6-PD deficiency (so-called primaquine sensitivity), and a normal case.
An abnormality of ATP metabolism manifested by a distinct fall in concentration of ATP after incubation was found in the case of NSHA but not in the other cases. This is another demonstration of the heterogeneity of the cases of deficiency of G-6-PD.
Immunologic and Cytogenetic Studies of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemic Cells
Authors: OPPENHEIM JOOST J. , WHANG JACQUELINE , FREI EMIL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The lymphocyte transformation response of 17 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients when tested in the short-term tissue culture with PHA-M, and PPD was found to be significantly decreased when compared to normal subjects. Serum factors were not found to be responsible for this cellular hyporesponsiveness. The proportions of immunoresponsive lymphocytes found in the patients’ peripheral circulation decreased as their white blood cell count increased. The transformation response to PHA-M was generally better than to PPD. Neither the PPD negative patients nor the normal PPD negative subjects’ cells responded to PPD stimulation in vitro.
Monocytes usually would phagocytize particles added to the cultures and could thus be distinguished from the nonphagocytic proliferating lymphocytes which were the only cells that incorporated thymidine H3. Radioautographs of tritiated thymidine also revealed the rate of PPD lymphocyte transformation to be slower than with PHA-M. There were no significant differences in the proportions or the degree of leukemic and normal transformed lymphocyte labeling with tritiated thymidine.
Cytogenetic studies revealed that the patients’ mitotic indices both in vivo and in vitro were markedly depressed. The modal chromosome number was 46 in each patient, and no cytogenetic abnormalities other than those due to exposure to radiation were found.
Studies of the Reticuloendothelial Mass and Sequestering Function of Rat Bone Marrow
Authors: KEENE WILLIS R. , JANDL JAMES H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantitative studies were made in rats of the total reticuloendothelial cell content of bone marrow and of the ability of marrow to sequester antibody-treated red cells, immature red cells and carbon particles. Although normal marrow played a relatively minor role in clearing cells and particles from the blood stream, its clearing activity increased markedly when the marrow was depleted of its blood-forming cells. The greatly enhanced ability of hypoplastic marrow to trap immature red cells suggests that this may be a homeostatic mechanism for repopulating the depleted marrow.
Carbon blockade resulted in decreased liver and spleen uptake of sensitized red cells, but enhanced the marrow uptake. This suggests that marrow sequestration of cells, in contrast to that in the liver and spleen sequestration, is not affected by phagocytic activity.
In their functions and reactions the RE cells of the marrow usually acted in parallel with those of the liver and reciprocally with those of the spleen.
The Action of Two Sulfhydryl Compounds on Normal Human Red Cells
Authors: SIRCHIA GIROLAMO , FERRONE SOLDANO , MERCURIALI FRANCESCO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the paper by G. Sirchia, S. Ferrone and F. Mercuriali: "The Action of Two Sulfhydryl Compounds on Normal Human Red Cells. Relationship to Red Cells of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria," published in BLOOD 25:502, 1965, a misprint appears. The first line on page 503 reads "for exactly 19 minutes" instead of "for exactly 9 minutes."
Morphologic and Developmental Differences between the Cells of the Chicken’s Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius
Authors: PETERSON RAYMOND D. A. , GOOD ROBERT A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Apparent functional differences between the chicken’s thymus and bursa, two lymphoepithelial organs considered similar in many ways, have prompted an evaluation of the morphologic and developmental differences between the cells of these two organs. Thymic lymphocytes are well developed prior to the time of hatching, whereas bursal lymphocytes remain large and possibly relatively immature for the duration of the bursa’s existence. These differences may provide a reasonable explanation for the functional differences observed between the bursa and thymus.
The Effect of Differing Demands for Blood Cell Production on DNA Synthesis by Hemopoietic Colony-Forming Cells of Mice
Authors: BECKER A. J. , MCCULLOCH E. A. , SIMINOVITCH L. , TILL J. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A technic capable of estimating the fraction of hemopoietic colony-forming progenitor cells in DNA synthesis in vivo has been described. The technic is based on the ability of tritiated thymidine to inhibit the growth of those colony-forming cells which, by virtue of their presence in the S-phase during a 20-minute incubation in vitro, in the presence of 500 µc./ml. of H3TdR, have incorporated large amounts of the nucleoside. The method has been applied to transplanted colony-forming cells proliferating in spleens of heavily irradiated recipients as well as to cells from normal fetal liver, normal marrow, and normal spleen. In situations where the hemopoietic system is expanding (fetal liver and regenerating transplants), a large fraction, 40-65 per cent, of the stem cells are in DNA synthesis. In the steady-state situations (adult marrow and spleen), the fraction of cells in DNA synthesis is almost imperceptible using this technic. It is concluded that control mechanisms which govern the rate of hemopoiesis operate, at least in part, by altering the generative cycle of blood-forming progenitor cells.
Analytical Review: Leaky Red Cells
Authors: JANDL JAMES H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The normal survival of red cells requires maintained regulation of cell size and shape. This regulation is to a large extent dependent upon membrane permeability and the active transport of cations. Agents such as C' that affect permeability markedly by creating large holes in the membrane lead to rapid cell death. Most hemolytic disorders thus far studied involve lesser increases in membrane permeability and hemolysis occurs more gradually by the sequence of colloid osmotic swelling, loss of cell surface, and spherocytosis. With very mild permeability changes, as in hereditary spherocytosis, the cell may compensate for an increased leak-rate for cations by increased active transport. This compensation requires increased glycolysis and optimal metabolic conditions, however, and the cell rapidly decompensates during glucose deprivation or metabolic stress. The interaction between reticuloendothelial tissues and red cells provides such a stress for leaky cells and hastens their destruction.
Effects of Large Doses of Androgen on Rodent Erythropoiesis and Body Composition
Authors: NATHAN DAVID G. , GARDNER FRANK H. , Kan Alvera L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Six weeks treatment of male and female mature Sprague-Dawley rats with 8 mg. testosterone enanthate per week produced varied effects depending upon the sex of the animal. Compared to controls, the androgen-treated female rats exhibited a greater gain in body weight which was predominantly water. There was concomitant renal hypertrophy and fat loss. An accelerated rate of erythropoiesis produced a gain in total red cell volume out of proportion to the accretion of lean tissue. Treated male rats gained somewhat less water and lean tissue and much less fat than controls. Definite evidence of acceleration of erythropoiesis was not observed. It is concluded that the female rat is more sensitive to the erythropoietic effects of large doses of androgen than is the male. The erythropoietic response to androgen in the female rat appears to be independent of the effects of the hormone on body composition.
The Philadelphia Chromosome in an Unusual Case of Myeloproliferative Disease
Authors: HEATH CLARK W. , MOLONEY WILLIAM C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In an unusual case of myeloproliferative disease, the Ph1 chromosome was found in association with persistently elevated levels of LAP activity. Clinical findings in this case included marked thrombocytosis, basophilocytosis, absence of splenomegaly and a preceding history of untreated ankylosing spondylitis. Cytogenetic findings were compatible with the existence of the Ph1 chromosome in erythroid and megakaryocytic as well as granulocytic marrow precursors.
This case illustrates the difficulties currently encountered in the clinical differentiation of myeloproliferative disorders and in interpreting the diagnostic significance of the Ph1 chromosome. The co-existence in this case of the Ph1 chromosome and elevated LAP does not support the concept of a direct relationship between Group G chromosomes and LAP activity.
Reticuloendothelial Phagocytic Function in Patients with Leukemia, Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma
Authors: GROCH GEORGE S. , PERILLIE PASQUALE E. , FINCH STUART C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reticuloendothelial phagocytic function was studied in a group of patients with leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma utilizing I131-aggregated human serum albumin. The majority of patients with acute leukemia were found to have diminished RES phagocytosis. Increased RES phagocytosis was demonstrated in some patients and appeared to be related to accelerated erythrocyte destruction. Chemotherapy per se had little demonstrable effect on RES phagocytic function.
An Assay for the Mitogenic Activity of Phytohemagglutinin Preparations
Authors: TORMEY DOUGLASS C. , MUELLER GERALD C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The addition of increasing levels of phytohemagglutinin to amethopterin-treated cultures of human lymphocytes results in the induction of DNA synthesis which can be measured by the incorporation of exogenous radioactive thymidine. The graded nature of this response permits the assay of mitogenic activity of such preparations as well as the assessment of antimitogenic factors in sera.
Erythroid Homograft Following Leukocyte Transfusion in a Patient with Acute Leukemia
Authors: LEVIN ROBERT H. , WHANG JACQUELINE , CARBONE PAUL P. , FREIREICH EMIL J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia developed a functioning erythroid homograft after transfusion of leukocytes from donors with chronic myelocytic leukemia. Two donor populations were observed cytogenetically, by examination of the recipient’s marrow for sex and Philadelphia chromosomes. The cells from a female donor of different blood group eventually repopulated the entire bone marrow and were exclusively responsible for the function of the homograft. Although the donor was anemic and required periodic transfusions, her transplanted cells caused normal erythropoiesis in the recipient for a prolonged period. During this time the recipient enjoyed remission of acute leukemia but expired as a result of overwhelming infection. It is proposed that multiple transfusions of leukocytes is a useful technic for treatment of infection, for increasing knowledge of factors influencing hematopoiesis, and for studying approaches to effective immunotherapy of leukemia.
The Effectiveness of Combinations of Antileukemic Agents in Inducing and Maintaining Remission in Children with Acute Leukemia
Authors: FREI EMIL , KARON MYRON , LEVIN ROBERT H. , FREIREICH EMIL J. , TAYLOR ROBERT J. , HANANIAN JULIET , SELAWRY OLEG , HOLLAND JAMES F. , HOOGSTRATEN BARTH , WOLMAN IRVING J. , ABIR ESSHAGH , SAWITSKY ARTHUR , LEE STANLEY , MILLS STEPHAN D. , BURGERT E. OMER , SPURR CHARLES L. , PATTERSON RICHARD B. , EBAUGH FRANKLIN G. , JAMES G. WATSON , MOON JOHN H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Combinations of effective agents produce at least an additive increase in complete remission rates over that which can be achieved when the agents are used individually.
2. Patients who do not achieve complete remission with initial treatment have a significantly shorter survival.
3. Alternating MTX and 6-MP at 28-day intervals during remission does not prolong the duration of remission over that of combined concurrent 6-MP and MTX.
4. The administration of folic acid antagonists intrathecally at 28-day intervals during antimetabolite maintained remission did not prolong the duration of remission. Meningeal leukemia, however, occurred significantly less frequently in these patients.
5. The duration of combined 6-MP and MTX maintained remission is not greater than that of 6-MP maintained remission.
6. The toxicity of 6-MP and MTX in combination in patients in remission is additive.
The above conclusions were drawn from this comparative study of combinations of chemotherapeutic agents in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Effect of Anticoagulant and ABO Incompatibility on Recovery of Transfused Human Platelets
Authors: ASTER RICHARD H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of anticoagulant solutions on the recovery of transfused platelets were studied. Citrate anticoagulants at pH 7.4 or pH 6.5 were found to be equally effective in preserving the viability of platelets when centrifugation of the cells was not required. When centrifugation is required, as in most platelet survival studies, citrate at pH 6.5 gives maximum recoveries. Ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) caused temporary sequestration of nearly all transfused platelets and reduced maximum recoveries by about 50 per cent.
Platelet recovery was lowered by ABO-incompatibility between donor platelets and recipient serum, but survival time of remaining platelets was not altered. Lowest platelet recoveries resulted when group A1 or A1 B platelets were given to group O recipients with high isoagglutinin titers.
It is suggested that ABO-compatible platelets prepared in citrate should be used where possible in the treatment of thromboctyopenic disorders.
A Clinical and Experimental Study of Acquired Inhibitors to Factor VIII
Authors: ROBERTS HAROLD R. , SCALES MARGARET B. , MADISON JOHN T. , WEBSTER WILLIAM P. , PENICK GEORGE D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Factor VIII inhibitors which developed in four patients with hemophilia A are described. These inhibitors are apparently specific for Factor VIII and are capable of inducing a transient hemophilic state when injected into dogs. The genesis, properties, and mode of action of these inhibitors can be explained on an immunologic basis and it seems most likely that they represent an antibody to Factor VIII. One hemophilia A patient, with retroperitoneal hematoma and a potent Factor VIII inhibitor, was successfully treated by an exchange transfusion followed by administration of purified porcine Factor VIII.
The Production of γG-Globulin by Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: GAMBLE CHARLES N. , CUTTING HUNTER O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with the excessive production of a monoclonal γG-globulin has been investigated by immunofluorescent technics. Gamma globulin was demonstrated within the cytoplasm of young and mature lymphocytes and these cells were interpreted as the cells of origin of the monoclonal protein. The finding of gamma globulin within the cytoplasm of mature small lymphocytes in the absence of any apparent morphologic relationship with the occasional plasma cells present was interpreted as indicating a population of gamma globulin forming cells distinct from plasma cells, and suggested that a small number of lymphocytes may also contribute to the formation of immunoglobulins under normal conditions. The distribution of the fluorescent lymphocytes in sharply defined small and large cells groups within a lymph node supports the concept of the clonal origin of single molecular species of gamma globulin.
"Hairy" Cells in Blood in Lymphoreticular Neoplastic Disease and "Flagellated" Cells of Normal Lymph Nodes
Authors: SCHREK ROBERT , DONNELLY WILLIAM J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During examinations of viable leukocytes from many leukemic and nonleukemic patients, peculiar cells called "hairy" cells were seen in the blood from 2 patients. These cells were characterized by numerous short, thin villi projecting from the surface of the cells. In one patient, some of these cells had one or more cytoplasmic masses. The nuclei were oval or crescentic, eccentrically placed, and some had small nucleoli. The cells did not flatten on glass, did not phagocytize latex particles, and were resistant to irradiation with 2000 r. The cells were considered to be identical to the neoplastic lymphoid reticulum cells of Mitus et al.1
Both patients with hairy cells had large spleens, moderate anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Radiotherapy of the spleen of one patient resulted in a prompt leukopenia and a delayed decrease in the size of the spleen. This patient is alive and asymptomatic 21 months after diagnosis. The second patient’s thrombocytopenia was relieved by splenectomy. He is asymptomatic now, 11 months after diagnosis. Hairy cells are still present in small numbers in the blood of both patients.
The pathologic hairy cells in the blood were similar to "flagellated" cells seen in suspensions from several hyperplastic lymph nodes. The flagellated cells were relatively few in number, large, with numerous long, thin cytoplasmic projections and round, oval or crescentic nuclei, some of which had small nucleoli. The flagellated cells were resistant to irradiation and probably were identical to the "phagocytic reticular cells" of Sundberg.12