bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better Function With a Colonic J-Pouch or a Side-to-end Anastomosis?
Authors: Parc Yann , Ruppert Reinhard , Fuerst Alois , Golcher Henriette , Zutshi Massarat , Hull Tracy , Tiret Emmanuel , Hemminger Felix , Galandiuk Susan , Fender Svenja , Weber Klaus , Zimmerman Anton , Aiello Alexandra , Fazio Victor 
Published: March 2019

Background information:
We aimed to compare prospectively the complications and functional outcome of patients undergoing a J-Pouch (JP) or a side-to-end anastomosis (SE) for treatment of low rectal cancer at a 2-year time point after resection for rectal cancer.

Methods:
A multicenter study was conducted on patients with low rectal cancer who were randomized to receive either a JP or SE and were followed for 24 months utilizing SF-12 and FACT-C surveys to evaluate the quality of life (QOL). Fecal incontinence was evaluated using the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (FISI). Bowel function, complications, and their treatments were recorded.

Results:
Two hundred thirty-eight patients (165 males) were randomized with 167 final eligible patients, 80 in the JP group and 87 in the SE group for evaluation. The mean age at surgery was 61 (range 29 to 82) years. The overall mean recurrence rate was 12 of 238, 5% and similar in both groups.

Complications:
Overall, 37 of 190 (19%) patients reported complications, 14 of these were Clavien Dindo Grade 3b and 2 were 3a: leak 3 (2 JP,1 SE), fistula 4 (1 JP, 3 SE), small bowel obstruction 4 (3JP, 1 SE), stricture 4 (3 SE, 1 SA), pouch necrosis 2 (JP), and wound infection 5 (2 JP, 3 SE). QOL scores using either instrument between the 2 groups at 12 and 24 months were similar (P > 0.05). Bowel movements, clustering, and FISI scores were similar.

Conclusion:
At time points of 1 and 2 years after a JP or a SE for low rectal cancer, QOL, functional outcome, and complications are comparable between the groups. Although choosing a particular procedure may depend on surgeon/patient choice or anatomical considerations at the time of surgery, SE functions similar to JP and may be chosen due to the ease of construction.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Omentoplasty for the Management of Abdominoperineal Defects in Patients Treated for Cancer
Authors: Blok Robin D. , Hagemans Jan A. W. , Klaver Charlotte E. L. , Hellinga Joke , van Etten Boudewijn , Burger Jacobus W. A. , Verhoef Cornelis , Hompes Roel , Bemelman Wilhelmus A. , Tanis Pieter J. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of omentoplasty on pelviperineal morbidity following abdominoperineal resection (APR) in patients with cancer.

Background:
Recent studies have questioned the use of omentoplasty for the prevention of perineal wound complications.

Methods:
A systematic review of published literature since 2000 on the use of omentoplasty during APR for cancer was undertaken. The authors were requested to share their source patient data. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model.

Results:
Fourteen studies comprising 1894 patients (n = 839 omentoplasty) were included. The majority had APR for rectal cancer (87%). Omentoplasty was not significantly associated with the risk of presacral abscess formation in the overall population (RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.79–1.56), nor in planned subgroup analysis (n = 758) of APR with primary perineal closure for nonlocally advanced rectal cancer (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.68–1.64). No overall differences were found for complicated perineal wound healing within 30 days (RR 1.30; 95% CI 0.92–1.82), chronic perineal sinus (RR 1.08; 95% CI 0.53–2.20), and pelviperineal complication necessitating reoperation (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.80–1.42) as well. An increased risk of developing a perineal hernia was found for patients submitted to omentoplasty (RR 1.85; 95% CI 1.26–2.72). Complications related to the omentoplasty were reported in 4.6% (95% CI 2.5%–8.6%).

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis revealed no beneficial effect of omentoplasty on presacral abscess formation and perineal wound healing after APR, while it increases the likelihood of developing a perineal hernia. These findings do not support the routine use of omentoplasty in APR for cancer.
Retired Surgeons as Mentors for Surgical Training Graduates Entering Practice
Authors: Kim Na Eun , Moseley Jennifer M. , O’Neal Patrick , Whang Edward , Itani Kamal M. F. , Kristo Gentian 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
Our study evaluated the willingness of retired surgeons to mentor newly trained surgeons.

Summary Background Data:
Although mentoring is very important during the transition in practice, many novice surgeons are faced with inadequacy or lack of mentoring.

Methods:
A survey regarding mentorship of new surgeons was sent in April 2018 to retired general, colorectal, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgeons that are members of the American College of Surgeons. The analysis of the data was performed in September 2018 and October 2018.

Results:
A total of 2295 of 5282 surveys were completed (43.4% response rate). Mean age was 79.0 ± 0.8 years, mean retirement age was 63.9 ± 0.1 years, and mean interval since retirement was 15.2 ± 0.9 years. Most retired surgeons were in private practice (66.4%), with other practice environments, including academic teaching hospital (12%), academic/private combination (11.3%), employment by community hospital or health system (6.4%), veteran affairs institution (2.7%), military hospital (1%), and Indian Health Service (0.09%). Approximately a third (31.1%) of respondents were not mentored when they first entered practice. The vast majority (98.3%) of participants considered mentoring beneficial during transition in practice. More than half (51.2%) of retired surgeons are interested in mentoring recently trained surgeons, with most of them (81.8%) willing to mentor even for free.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that a significant number of retired surgeons are enthusiastic about mentoring young surgeons during their transition in practice. Specific programs are necessary to meet the needs of newly hired surgeons and better utilize the expertise of retired surgeons.
The Association Between Pelvic Floor Muscle Force and General Strength and Fitness in Postpartum Women
Authors: Moss Whitney , Shaw Janet M. , Yang Meng , Sheng Xiaoming , Hitchcock Robert , Niederauer Stefan , Packer Diane , Nygaard Ingrid E. 
Published: March 2019

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine whether measures of muscular strength and fitness are associated with pelvic floor muscle (PFM) force 1-year postpartum in a population of primiparous women who delivered vaginally.

Methods
This cross-sectional analysis is an ancillary study to an ongoing prospective cohort study and includes 203 primiparous women. Procedures collected 1-year postpartum included maximal PFM force, grip strength, trunk flexor muscle endurance, percent body fat, intra-abdominal pressure during trunk flexor endurance testing, intra-abdominal pressure during strain, and self-reported physical activity.

Results
The mean (SD) age was 29.8 (5.0) years and the mean (SD) body mass index was 24.5 (5.2) kg/m2. Nineteen percent were of Hispanic ethnicity. The median (interquartile range) PFM force was 5.05 (2.86–7.94) N. The median (interquartile range) trunk flexor endurance time was 146.0 (78.0–267.0), whereas the mean (SD) grip strength and percent fat were 32.4 (6.4) kg and 29.4% (10.0), respectively.
There were no statistically significant associations between PFM force and any of the measures tested on analyses unadjusted or adjusted for self-report of doing PFM exercises. Of other factors evaluated, non-Hispanic ethnicity, increasing age, self-reported family history of pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence, and normal and obese body mass index (both compared with overweight) were associated with lower PFM force.

Conclusions
In primiparous women 1-year postpartum, we found no associations between PFM force and measures of strength and fitness. This study’s results are consistent with existing literature that specific, targeted, and consistent pelvic floor exercises are the best way to improve PFM strength.
Nortriptyline Abuse: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Miller John Jeffrey , Whiting William L. , Catalano Glenn , Sanchez Deborah L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The tricyclic antidepressants have long been a tool in the physician's armament for numerous indications, the most prominent of which being depression. Although their efficacy and side effects have been well documented, less known is their abuse. Prior literature has discussed this more for the tertiary amines such as amitriptyline, but currently, there are no documented cases of abuse with the secondary amine nortriptyline. This article reviews the prior literature in regard to tricyclic antidepressants and anticholinergics as substances of abuse, the proposed mechanisms of this, and susceptible populations, as well as a case review of a patient who admitted to using nortriptyline for its “buzz.”
Cessation of Skin Picking Symptoms With Methylphenidate Treatment in a Child With Comorbid Skin Picking and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Çolak Sivri Rukiye , Çolak Burçin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Skin picking disorder includes behaviors such as picking, scratching, and squeezing of the normal skin in an impulsive, repetitive manner despite the fact that no dermatological condition is detected. Skin picking disorder may also be comorbid in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and vice versa. There is a great deal of data regarding the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment of ADHD. In this article, we report the cessation of skin picking behaviors in a 10-year-old girl diagnosed as having skin picking disorder and ADHD after modified-release MPH treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that shows the cessation of skin picking behavior after MPH treatment in a child with ADHD.
Factors Associated With Delirium in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients Treated With Supplemental Melatonin: A Case-Cohort Study
Authors: Cusimano Joseph M. , Welch Sarah , Perez-Protto Silvia , Lam Simon 
Published: March 2019

Objectives
Intensive care unit (ICU) delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome that confers significant morbidity and mortality. Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone involved with regulating sleep-wake cycles and has been found to be disturbed in ICU delirium. We hypothesized that there are independent factors that predict delirium in a cohort of patients on melatonin in the surgical ICU (SICU).

Methods
A retrospective, observational case-cohort analysis of adult SICU patients was conducted. Cases were defined by testing positive on the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU). Delirioprotective and deliriogenic factors were assessed prior to the studied melatonin administration.

Results
Forty-one CAM-ICU–positive cases and 59 CAM-ICU–negative controls were included. Higher mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores were associated with delirium in univariable analysis. Stratified analysis found a higher incidence of delirium in baseline CAM-ICU–positive patients who experienced emergency surgery within 24 hours of admission compared with baseline CAM-ICU–negative patients after melatonin administration.

Conclusions
This study describes the use of melatonin in the SICU and characterizes the patients who receive it. Further research is needed to determine the role of melatonin in deliriogenesis and to clarify its utility as a delirioprotectant for postsurgical, critical care patients.
Reinforcement regulates timing variability in thalamus
Authors: Wang Jing , Hosseini Eghbal , Meirhaeghe Nicolas , Akkad Adam , Jazayeri Mehrdad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLearning reduces variability but variability can facilitate learning. This paradoxical relationship has made it challenging to tease apart sources of variability that degrade performance from those that improve it. We tackled this question in a context-dependent timing task requiring humans and monkeys to flexibly produce different time intervals with different effectors. Subjects’ timing variability featured two novel and context-specific sources of variability: (1) slow memory-contingent fluctuations of the mean that degraded performance, and (2) fast reinforcement-dependent regulation of variance that improved performance. Signatures of these processes were evident across populations of neurons in multiple nodes of the cortico-basal ganglia circuits. However, only in a region of the thalamus involved in flexible control of timing were the slow performance-degrading fluctuations aligned to performance-optimizing regulation of variance. These findings provide direct evidence that the nervous system makes strategic use of exploratory variance to guard against other undesirable sources of variability.
Food Webs: Insights from a General Ecosystem Model
Authors: Flores Cesar O. , Kortsch Susanne , Tittensor Derek , Harfoot Mike , Purves Drew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFood webs have been intensively studied throughout modern ecology, using empirical evidence, statistics and modelling tools to search for consistent patterns, underlying commonalities, and variations between food webs and ecosystems. However, with few exceptions, the modelling approaches have not been based on the emergent properties of complex simulated ecosystems. For the same reason, there have also been few studies of ‘sampling the model’, in which different levels of sampling effort are imposed in a controlled simulated environment to explore the effects of varying sampling intensity in order to relate those back to empirical observations. Here, we introduce the Madingley Model, a general ecosystem model based on ecological and biological first principles of interactions between individuals, as a potential tool for analyzing food webs. In doing so, we present the first insights of the analyses of emergent Madingley food web networks. We describe the basic structure of these networks and introduce a process to aggregate and sample the food webs produced by this model so that it can be compared to empirical food web studies. We show that food webs created by this model reasonably reproduce the properties of empirical food web networks. Furthermore, we provide insights about the effects of species aggregation and sampling on the observed structure of empirically documented food webs.
Inter-membrane association of the Sec and BAM translocons for bacterial outer-membrane biogenesis
Authors: Alvira Sara , Watkins Daniel W. , Troman Lucy , Allen William J. , Lorriman James , Degliesposti Gianluca , Cohen Eli J. , Beeby Morgan , Daum Bertram , Gold Vicki A.M. , Skehel J. Mark , Collinson Ian 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARYThe outer-membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is critical for surface adhesion, pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and survival. The major constituent – hydrophobic β-barrelOuter-MembraneProteins (OMPs) – are secreted across the inner-membrane through the Sec-translocon for delivery to periplasmic chaperonese.g.SurA, which prevent aggregation. OMPs are then offloaded to the β-BarrelAssemblyMachinery (BAM) in the outer-membrane for insertion and folding. We show theHolo-TransLocon (HTL: an assembly of the protein-channel core-complex SecYEG, the ancillary sub-complex SecDF, and the membrane ‘insertase’ YidC) contacts SurA and BAM through periplasmic domains of SecDF and YidC, ensuring efficient OMP maturation. Our results show the trans-membrane proton-motive-force (PMF) acts at distinct stages of protein secretion: for SecA-driven translocation across the inner-membrane through SecYEG; and to communicate conformational changesviaSecDF to the BAM machinery. The latter presumably ensures efficient passage of OMPs. These interactions provide insights of inter-membrane organisation, the importance of which is becoming increasingly apparent.
Effect of READ1 on latent profiles of reading disability and comorbid attention and language learning disability subtypes
Authors: Li Miao , Truong Dongnhu T. , DeMille Mellissa , Malins Jeffrey G. , Lovett Maureen W. , Bosson-Heenan Joan , Gruen Jeffrey R. ,   on behalf of the Genes, Reading, and Dyslexia Study, Frijters Jan C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecent studies of co-occurring reading disability (RD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and co-occurring RD and language learning disability (LLD), support a core disability plus co-occurrence model focused on language and attention. Genetic factors have been associated with poor reading performance. However, little is known about whether different genetic variants independently contribute to RD co-occurrence subtypes. We aimed to identify subgroups of struggling readers using a latent profile analysis (LPA) in a sample of 1,432 Hispanic American and African American youth. RD classes were then tested for association with variants of READ1, a regulatory element within the candidate RD risk gene,DCDC2. Six groups were identified in the LPA using RD designation as a known-class variable. The three RD classes identified groups of subjects with neurocognitive profiles representing RD+ADHD, specific phonological deficit RD, and RD+LLD. Genetic associations across RD subtypes were investigated against functional groupings of READ1. The RU1-1 group of READ1 alleles was associated with RD cases that were marked by deficits in both processing speed and attention (RD + ADHD). TheDCDC2microdeletion that encompasses READ1 was associated with RD cases showing a phonological deficit RD profile. These findings provide evidence for differential genetic contribution to RD subtypes, and that previously implicated genetic variants for RD may share an underlying genetic architecture across population groups for reading disability.
Using the past to estimate sensory uncertainty
Authors: Beierholm Ulrik , Rohe Tim , Ferrari Ambra , Stegle Oliver , Noppeney Uta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo form the most reliable percept of the environment, the brain needs to represent sensory uncertainty. Current theories of perceptual inference assume that the brain computes sensory uncertainty instantaneously and independently for each stimulus.In a series of psychophysics experiments human observers localized auditory signals that were presented in synchrony with spatially disparate visual signals. Critically, the visual noise changed dynamically over time with or without intermittent jumps. Our results show that observers integrate audiovisual inputs weighted by sensory reliability estimates that combine information from past and current signals as predicted by an optimal Bayesian learner or approximate strategies of exponential discountingOur results challenge classical models of perceptual inference where sensory uncertainty estimates depend only on the current stimulus. They demonstrate that the brain capitalizes on the temporal dynamics of the external world and estimates sensory uncertainty by combining past experiences with new incoming sensory signals.
Parasites Acquired Beta Satellite DNAs from Hominid Hosts via Horizontal Gene Transfer
Authors: Yang Jiawen , Zhou Yiting , Ma Guangwei , Zhang Xueyan , Guo Yabin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBeta satellite DNA (satDNA) sequences are repeated DNA elements located in primate centromeres and telomeres, and might play roles in genome stability and chromosome segregation. Beta satDNAs mainly exist in great apes. Previous studies suggested that beta satDNAs may originate in old world monkeys. In this study, we searched both GenBank and SRA database, and identified beta satDNA sequences from the genomic sequences of 22 species. The beta satDNA sequences found in Prosimian, Dermoptera and Scandentia indicated that the origin of beta satDNAs might be as early as 80 MYA. Strikingly, beta satDNA sequences were also found in a number of some species evolutionarily far from primates, including several endoparasites of human and other great apes, which could be the results of multiple horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events. The similar phylogenic profiles between beta satDNAs in the parasite genomes and the human genome indicates that the parasite beta satDNAs have undergone similar concerted evolution and play similar roles as the beta satDNAs in primates.HighlightsThe ever largest scale analysis on beta satDNAs.The origin of beta satDNAs was traced back to ∼80 MYA.Mass existence of beta satDNAs in non-primate species was contributed by multiple HGT events.
Anophelesbionomics, insecticide resistance mechanisms and malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, northern Côte d’Ivoire: a pre-intervention study
Authors: Zogo Barnabas , Soma Dieudonné Diloma , Tchiekoi Bertin N’Cho , Somé Anthony , Alou Ludovic P. Ahoua , Koffi Alphonsine A. , Fournet Florence , Dahounto Amal , Coulibaly Baba , Kandé Souleymane , Dabiré Roch Kounbobr , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Moiroux Nicolas , Pennetier Cédric 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundA better understanding of malaria transmission at a local scale is essential for developing and implementing effective control strategies. In the frame of a randomized control trial, we aimed to provide an updated description of malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, northern Côte d’Ivoire, and to get baseline data for the trial.MethodsWe performed Human Landing Collections in 26 villages in the Korhogo area during the rainy season (September-October 2016, April-May 2017) and the dry season (November-December 2016, February-March 2017). We used Polymerase chain reaction techniques to ascertain the species of theAn. gambiaecomplex,Plasmodium spsporozoite infection and insecticide resistance mechanisms in a subset ofAnophelesvectors.ResultsAnopheles gambiae s.l. was the predominant malaria vector in the Korhogo area. Overall, more vectors were collected outdoors than indoors (P < 0.001). Of the 774An. gambiae s.l. tested in the laboratory, 89.65% wereAn. gambiae s.s. and 10.35% wereAn. coluzzii. The frequencies of thekdrallele were very high inAn. gambiae s.s. but theace-1allele was found at moderate frequencies. An unprotected individual living in the Korhogo area received an average of 9.04, 0.63, 0.06 and 0.12 infected bites per night in September-October, November-December, February-March, and April-May, respectively.ConclusionsThe intensity of malaria transmission is extremely high in the Korhogo area, especially during the rainy season. Malaria control in highly endemic areas such as Korhogo needs to be strengthened with complementary tools in order to reduce the burden of the disease.