bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional validation of metabolic genes that distinguish Gleason 3 from Gleason 4 prostate cancer foci
Authors: Roberto Domenica , Selvarajah Shamini , Park Paul C. , Berman David , Venkateswaran Vasundara 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundGleason grade is among the most powerful clinicopathological classification systems used to assess risk of lethal potential in prostate cancer, yet its biologic basis is poorly understood. Notably, pure low‐grade cancers, comprised predominantly of Gleason pattern 3 (G3) are typically indolent, with lethal potential emerging with the progression of higher‐grade Gleason patterns 4 (G4) or 5. One of the hallmarks of more aggressive cancer phenotypes is the stereotyped set of metabolic characteristics that transformed cells acquire to facilitate unregulated growth. In the present study, we profiled expression signatures of metabolic genes that are differentially expressed between G3 and G4 cancer foci and investigated the functional role of two of the profiled genes, PGRMC1 and HSD17B4, in prostate cancer cells.MethodsGene expression profiling was conducted using 32 G3 and 32 G4 cancer foci from patients with 3+3 and ≥4+3 tumors, respectively. A 95‐gene Nanostring probe set was used to probe genes associated with energy metabolism. Two out of five genes (PGRMC1 and HSD17B4) that significantly distinguish between G3 and G4 were functionally validated in vitro using established prostate cancer cells (PC3, DU145). Expression of PGRMC1 and HSD17B4 was knocked down and subsequent studies were performed to analyze cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies that explored the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway were performed by Western blot.ResultsMultivariate analysis identified five metabolic genes that were differentially expressed between G3 and G4 stroma (P < .05). Functional validation studies revealed that knockdown of PGRMC1 and HSD17B4 significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and increased apoptosis in PC3 and DU145 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that these effects, after PGRMC1 knockdown, were possibly mediated through alterations in downstream components of the EGFR, protein kinase B, and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells pathways.ConclusionThe following study provides evidence supporting the use of metabolic genes PGRMC1 and HSD17B4 as a prognostic biomarker for the distinction between G3 and G4 prostate cancers.
Analytically validated protein biomarkers of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer for potential clinical diagnosis with mass spectrometry
Authors: Chou Che‐Yi , Chang Chiz‐Tzung , Chen Chao‐Jung 
Published: September 2019

RationaleChronic pancreatitis (CP) is a pancreatic disease with poor prognosis and pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer that is symptomless in the early stage. Because the clinical and image findings of CP can overlap that of pancreatic cancer (PC) which leads to confusion in the diagnosis and treatment of PC, discovery/verification/validation of more accurate protein biomarkers to diagnose CP and PC is in urgent need.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords: ‘biomarker’, ‘marker’, ‘chronic pancreatitis’, “pancreatic cancer” or “proteomics” for highly related researches. We focused on the articles published after the year 2005 in this review.ResultsWe introduce the background to CP and PC and summarize the diagnosis of CP and PC, analytically validated protein biomarkers, and proteomic approaches for discovery/verification/validation. The potential use of mass spectrometry (MS) in clinical diagnosis is also discussed.ConclusionsContinuously improving sensitivity of MS can provide deeper proteome for new marker discovery and high reliability for protein marker verification, validation, and clinical diagnosis. The analytically validated protein markers could be considered as targeted protein biomarkers for developing a MS platform in the clinical validation process or clinical diagnosis of CP and PC.
Fault‐tolerant spacecraft attitude control under actuator saturation and without angular velocity
Authors: Wang Xianghua , Tan Chee Pin 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a fault‐tolerant control scheme is proposed to control the attitude of a rigid spacecraft subject to external disturbances and multiple system uncertainties, as well as actuator faults and saturation. More challengingly, it is assumed that the angular velocity is unavailable. A super‐twisting observer with time‐varying gain is firstly designed to accurately estimate the angular velocity in finite time. The choice of the time‐varying gain is dependent on a state‐norm estimate. Then, using the information from the observer (estimate of angular velocity), a fault‐tolerant controller is proposed, where an adaptive law is introduced to address the unknown loss of effectiveness and neural networks are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. It is proved that the attitude orientations converge to the desired values at a fixed time. Finally, a simulation example is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐6‐(1,2‐dihydro‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxoquinolin‐3‐yl)‐4‐arylpyridine‐3‐carbonitriles Catalysed by NbCl5 and Their In Vitro Antimicrobial Studies
Authors: Krishna Alla. , Sarveswari S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSynthesis of 2‐amino‐6‐(1, 2‐dihydro‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxoquinolin‐3‐yl)‐4‐arylpyridine‐3‐carbonitrile has been accomplished via NbCl5 catalysed multicomponent reaction (MCR). The tested compounds showed better potency than Neomycin and a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Similarly some of these have showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella planticola and Escherichia coli that were comparable to Ciprofloxacin. Also these compounds possess good antifungal activity that was better than Miconazole and comparable to Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride.
Control of Circularly Polarised Luminescence Using a Suitable Wired Structure Connecting a Binaphthyl with Two Pyrenes
Authors: Hara Nobuyuki , Okuda Koji , Shizuma Motohiro , Tajima Nobuo , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe sign, wavelength, and intensity of circularly polarised luminescence, generated from two photoexcited pyrene moieties, were successfully controlled by selecting a suitable achiral wired structure to connect two achiral fluorescent pyrenes with an axially chiral binaphthyl backbone. Especially, these circularly polarised luminescence and circular dichroism signs were found to be influenced by the achiral wire structures, i. e., the chiral structures of S1 and S0 states were affected by the achiral wire structure employed.
Interplay between Conformation and Crystal Packing in Aryl Propargyl Ethers: Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of 2‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)acene Derivatives
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Shehzadi Syeda Aaliya , Bolte Michael , Franca Carlos A. , Erben Mauricio F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe 2‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)naphthalene (compound I) and 1‐nitro‐2‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)benzene (compound II) were prepared in excellent yields by the reaction of propargyl bromide with 2‐naphthol and 2‐nitrophenol, respectively. Structural and conformational properties of both compounds have been analyzed using a combined approach including single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and quantum chemical calculations. Two forms are found to be stable and nearly isoenergetic conformers, depending on the mutual orientation of the C≡C triple bond and the O–C single bond of the prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy group. The gauche conformation is the most stable form for the vacuum isolated species, with the anti conformation higher in energy by 1.00 and 1.89 kcal/mol computed at the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) level of approximation, for I and II, respectively. The gauche form is observed in the crystal of I but the nearly planar anti conformation is adopted in the crystalline phase of compound II. The occurrence of C–H⋅⋅⋅π and C–H⋅⋅⋅O intermolecular interactions involving the acidic ‐C≡C–H hydrogen donor and ‐C≡C‐ and ‐OCH2– acceptors is discussed. Furthermore, vibrational features of the prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy moiety are analyzed by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The UV‐Vis spectrum shows the presence of well‐defined absorption at ca. 280 and 320 nm assigned to the π→π* transitions in the naphtyl/benzyl and prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy groups, respectively.
Merocyanine‐Benzothiazole Chromophore‐Based Sensor for Selective Picric Acid Detection
Authors: Patil Pramod D. Jawale , Wagalgave Sopan M. , Ingle Rajita D. , Nanubolu Jagadeesh B. , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Pawar Rajendra P. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report synthesis of (2E,4E)‐2‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐(1,3,3‐trim ethylindolin‐2‐ylidene) but‐2‐enenitrile (MC‐BTH‐1) chromophore and employed for picric acid sensing. MC‐BTH‐1 was prepared by Knoevenagel condensation of 2‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl) acetonitrile and (Z)‐2‐(1,3,3‐trimethylindolin‐2‐ylidene)acetaldehyde in the presence of catalytic amount of piperidine in dry ethanol. The MC‐BTH‐1 conjugate displayed a remarkable sensing property towards picric acid in presence of interfering nitroaromatic compounds. The sensing of nitroaromatic compounds was investigated by means of UV‐vis absorption, fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopic. Furthermore, colorimetric visualization of receptor MC‐BTH‐1 with the addition of various analytes under 365 nm UV light shows only color change from green to dark green for 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP) and no significant color change was observed for other analytes. Under optimized condition the detection limit towards TNP and 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP) are 1.58×10−9 M and 1.48×10−9 M, respectively. These results clearly show high sensitivity of system at low concentration with fluorescence quenching quantum efficiency ∼88%.
Preparation and In Vivo Antinociceptive Behavior of Four New 2‐Amino‐6‐trifuromethoxybenzothiazole Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Wu Xianglong , Wang Qingchuan , Zhang Fei , Liu Hao , Lu Tingli , Zhang Qichun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFour novel N‐substituted riluzole derivatives (4 a‐4 d) have been prepared and characterized. Their antinociceptive activities have been carefully investigated by hot‐plate test and writhing test. Our results indicated that at dose of 18 mg kg−1, 2‐(N‐propionic acid)‐6‐trifluoromethoxy‐benzothiazole (4 a), 2‐(N‐butanoic acid)‐6‐trifluoromethoxy‐benzothiazole (4 b) and 2‐(N‐n‐caproic acid)‐6‐trifluoromethoxy‐benzothiazole (4 c) significantly increased the nociceptive response latency under hot plate test while chemical nociception induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid was significantly inhibited by 4 a and 2‐(N‐proline)‐6‐trifluoromethoxy‐benzothiazole (4 d) at same dosage. Our research clearly indicates that N‐substituted Riluzole derivatives could be new alternative candidates as potential antinociceptive medicines.
Microfluidics for Biomedical Analysis
Authors: Yang Yong , Chen Yong , Tang Hao , Zong Nan , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany new techniques and materials have been applied to microfluidic systems in the past decade, and integrated microfluidic chips have become powerful platforms for realizing highly sensitive, high throughput, and low‐cost analysis. This article reviews the latest advancements of microfluidic platforms for biological and biomedical analysis in the fields of fundamental biology research, clinical application, food safety, and environmental monitoring, with a focus on nucleic acid‐based molecular diagnosis and protein‐based immunodiagnosis. The combination of microfluidics with advanced techniques (e.g., nanotechnology, 3D printing, deep learning) would offer innovative new tools for bioanalyses. The current challenges and the future developments of microfluidic technologies for clinical applications are also discussed. It is anticipated that this review will be beneficial to promoting microfluidics toward a broad range of applications in the future.
Katian (Ordovician) to Aeronian (Silurian, Llandovery) graptolite biostratigraphy of theYD‐1 drill core, Yuanan County, Hubei Province, China
Authors: Maletz Jörg , Wang Chuanshang , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe graptolite succession of theYD‐1 drill core provides a new view into the lower Silurian (Llandovery) biostratigraphy of the Yichang region on the Yangtze platform of China. A thick succession of black to greenish, fine to silty shales and siltstones with a variable amount of poorly to well‐preserved graptolite faunas ranges from the upper OrdovicianDicellograptus ornatusBiozone (upper Katian) to the lower SilurianLituigraptus convolutusBiozone (mid Aeronian). TheMetabolograptus extraordinarius/Metabolograptus persculptusandAkidograptus ascensus/Parakidograptus acuminatusBiozone intervals are strongly condensed and bear poorly preserved graptolite faunas. A considerable gap can be detected above theCystograptus vesiculosusBiozone, as the succeeding graptolite fauna indicates the upperPribylograptus leptothecaBiozone. The interval of the upper RhuddanianCoronograptus cyphusBiozone to the Lower AeronianCoronograptus gregariusBiozone is missing.Lituigraptus convolutuswas found from 1322.85 to 950.20 m, indicating a thickness of theLituigraptus convolutusBiozone of at least 378.47 m. The age of the highest available graptolite faunas from the 729.40–750.70 m is inconclusive, but the level may still belong to theLituigraptus convolutusBiozone. The correlation of the succession with other successions on the Yangtze platform of China indicates the need for a considerable modification of the graptolite biostratigraphy of the Yangtze platform in the Yichang region and revision of the described faunas. The Llandovery appears to be highly incomplete in the eastern flank of the Huangling anticline and the age of the biostratigraphically younger part of the succession cannot be dated precisely with graptolite faunas.
Integrated transcriptomic, phenotypic, and functional study reveals tissue-specific immune properties of mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Ménard Cédric , Dulong Joëlle , Roulois David , Hébraud Benjamin , Verdière Léa , Pangault Céline , Sibut Vonick , Bezier Isabelle , Bescher Nadège , Monvoisin Céline , Gadelorge Mélanie , Bertheuil Nicolas , Flécher Erwan , Casteilla Louis , Collas Philippe , Sensebé Luc , Bourin Philippe , Espagnolle Nicolas , Tarte Karin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be expanded from bone marrow and adipose tissue to treat inflammatory diseases and degenerative disorders. However, the influence of their tissue of origin on their functional properties, including their immunosuppressive activity, remains unsolved. In this study, we produced paired bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) and adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) batches from 14 healthy donors. We then compared them using transcriptomic, phenotypic, and functional analyses and validated our results on purified native MSCs to infer which differences were really endowed by tissue of origin. Cultured MSCs segregated together owing to their tissue of origin based on their gene expression profile analyzed using differential expression and weighted gene coexpression network analysis. This translated into distinct immune-related gene signatures, phenotypes, and functional cell interactions. Importantly, sorted native BM-MSCs and ASCs essentially displayed the same distinctive patterns than their in vitro-expanded counterparts. As a whole, ASCs exhibited an immune profile consistent with a stronger inhibition of immune response and a lower immunogenicity, supporting the use of adipose tissue as a valuable source for clinical applications.
Natural history of pregnancy‐related enhanced myometrial vascularity following miscarriage
Authors: Grewal K. , Al‐Memar M. , Fourie H. , Stalder C. , Timmerman D. , Bourne T. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesOur primary aim was to report the incidence of enhanced myometrial vascularity (EMV) in consecutive women attending our early pregnancy assessment unit, following first‐trimester miscarriage. We aimed further to evaluate the clinical presentation and complications associated with expectant and surgical management of EMV in these women.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study conducted in a London teaching hospital between June 2015 and June 2018, including consecutive patients with an observation of EMV on transvaginal ultrasonography following first‐trimester miscarriage. The diagnosis was made following the subjective identification of EMV using color Doppler ultrasonography and a peak systolic velocity (PSV) ≥ 20 cm/s within the collection of vessels. Women were followed up with repeat scans every 14 days. Management was expectant unless intervention was indicated because of excessive or prolonged bleeding, persistent presence of retained tissue in the endometrial cavity or patient choice. The final clinical outcome was recorded. Time to resolution of EMV was defined as the interval from detection of EMV until resolution.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 2627 first‐trimester fetal losses in the department and, of these, 40 patients were diagnosed with EMV, hence the incidence of EMV following miscarriage was 1.52%. All cases were associated with ultrasound evidence of retained products of conception (RPOC) at presentation (mean dimensions, 22 × 20 × 20 mm). Thirty‐one patients opted initially for expectant management, of which 18 had successful resolution without intervention, five were lost to follow‐up and eight subsequently had surgical evacuation due to patient choice. No expectantly managed case required emergency intervention. Nine patients chose surgical evacuation as primary treatment. No significant correlation was seen between PSV within the EMV at presentation and blood loss at surgery. Median PSV was 47 (range, 20–148) cm/s. The estimated blood loss in all cases managed surgically ranged from 20–300 mL. Presence of RPOC was confirmed in all specimens that were sent for analysis following surgery. For cases successfully managed expectantly, the mean time to resolution was 48 (range, 21–84) days. In the nine cases managed surgically from the beginning, the mean time to resolution of EMV was 10.6 (range, 3–29)
days.ConclusionsThis study suggests that EMV is an uncommon finding following miscarriage and is associated with the presence of RPOC. Expectant management was a safe option in our cohort, with minimal bleeding, although it was associated with protracted time to resolution. In patients who opted for surgery, the maximum blood loss was 300 mL and no patient required blood transfusion or embolization. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Post‐truth and anthropogenic climate change: Asking the right questions
Authors: Groves Christopher 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe connection between climate skepticism and climate denial and what has become known as post‐truth culture has become the subject of much interest in recent years. This has lead to intense debates among scientists and activists about how to respond to this changed cultural context and the ways in which it is held to obstruct wider acceptance of climate science. Drawing on research in the sociology of scientific knowledge, science and technology studies, social psychology, and philosophical reflections on evidential reasoning, it is argued that these debates are focused on the wrong topic. The idea of post‐truth implies that a once‐straightforward linear relationship between scientific evidence and decision‐making has been eroded. But such an idealized relationship never existed. The proper role of scientific evidence in informing belief and action in response to the prospect of anthropogenic climate change needs reconsideration. A key part of this is to make uncertainties related to processes within the climate system and their potential outcomes into the main focus of public discussion around climate change. Instead of keeping the focus of debate on how to “get the science right,” such a reframing makes precautionary questions about the prospect of unacceptable losses into the main focus. This brings a variety of ethical and political values into the debate, perhaps creating better conditions for a minimal consensus about what to do.This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Offshore wind turbine fault alarm prediction
Authors: Koltsidopoulos Papatzimos Alexios , Thies Philipp R. , Dawood Tariq 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOffshore wind operations and maintenance (O&M) costs could reach up to one third of the overall project costs. In order to accelerate the deployment of offshore wind farms, costs need to come down. A key contributor to the O&M costs is the component failures and the downtime caused by them. Thus, an understanding is needed on the root cause of these failures. Previous research has indicated the relationship between wind turbine failures and environmental conditions. These studies are using work‐order data from onshore and offshore assets. A limitation of using work orders is that the time of the failure is not known and consequently, the exact environmental conditions cannot be identified. However, if turbine alarms are used to make this correlation, more accurate results can be derived. This paper quantifies this relationship and proposes a novel tool for predicting wind turbine fault alarms for a range of subassemblies, using wind speed statistics. A large variation of the failures between the different subassemblies against the wind speed are shown. The tool uses 5 years of operational data from an offshore wind farm to create a data‐driven predictive model. It is tested under low and high wind conditions, showing very promising results of more than 86% accuracy on seven different scenarios. This study is of interest to wind farm operators seeking to utilize the operational data of their assets to predict future faults, which will allow them to better plan their maintenance activities and have a more efficient spare part management system.