bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrinsic iron from soil contributes to Hb regeneration of anaemic rats: implications for foods contaminated with soil iron
Authors: Guja Habtamu , Baye Kaleab 
Published: April 2018

AbstractContamination of foods with extrinsic (soil) Fe is common in developing countries. However, the bioavailability of this extrinsic Fe and the extent to which it contributes to Fe nutrition remains unknown. The present study compared the bioavailability of laboratory- and field-threshed teff (Eragrostisis tef (Zucc) Trotter) to evaluate the bioavailablity of extrinsic soil Fe that resulted from the traditional threshing of the staple grain. Using sequential extraction, Fe was fractionated and its solubility was evaluated. The contribution of the additional extrinsic (soil) Fe to the Hb regeneration of Fe-depleted rats was evaluated using a rat Hb depletion–repletion assay. Weanling male Wistar rats (n24) were fed Fe-deficient diet for 21 d, and were then repleted for 14 d with diets: either laboratory-threshed teff (35 mg Fe/kg;n 8), field-threshed teff (35 mg intrinsic Fe/kg+ 120 mg soil Fe/kg;n 8), or FeSO4(control;n8). Fe content of field-threshed teff (29·4 mg/100 g) was four times greater than that of the laboratory-threshed (6·7 mg/100 g) teff (P<0·05). Soil contamination significantly increased the exchangeable, acid-soluble and reducible fractions obtained after sequential extraction. The relative biological value of the field-threshed teff (88 %) was higher than that of the laboratory-threshed (68 %) teff (P<0·05). Soil Fe can contribute to Hb regeneration in Fe-deficient rats. Considering that contamination of foods with soil is common in Ethiopia and other developing countries, it needs to be accounted for in the design and implementation of fortification programmes to prevent excessive intakes. Human studies are needed to confirm the present findings.
Vitamin C intake in relation to bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture and osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Malmir Hanieh , Shab-Bidar Sakineh , Djafarian Kurosh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe aimed to systematically review available data on the association between vitamin C intake and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as risk of fractures and osteoporosis, and to summarise this information through a meta-analysis. Previous studies on vitamin C intake in relation to BMD and risk of fracture and osteoporosis were selected through searching PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar databases before February 2017, using MeSH and text words. To pool data, either a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model was used, and for assessing heterogeneity, Cochran’s Q and I2 tests were used. Subgroup analysis was applied to define possible sources of heterogeneity. Greater dietary vitamin C intake was positively associated with BMD at femoral neck (pooled r 0·18; 0·06, 0·30) and lumbar spine (pooled r 0·14; 95 % CI 0·06, 0·22); however, significant between-study heterogeneity was found at femoral neck: I2=87·6 %, Pheterogeneity<0·001. In addition, we found a non-significant association between dietary vitamin C intake and the risk of hip fracture (overall relative risk=0·74; 95 % CI 0·51, 1·08). Significant between-study heterogeneity was found (I2=79·1 %, Pheterogeneity<0·001), and subgroup analysis indicated that study design, sex and age were the main sources of heterogeneity. Greater dietary vitamin C intake was associated with a 33 % lower risk of osteoporosis (overall relative risk=0·67; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·94). Greater dietary vitamin C intake was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture and osteoporosis, as well as higher BMD, at femoral neck and lumbar spine.
A carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet acutely decreases postprandial and diurnal glucose excursions in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Samkani Amirsalar , Skytte Mads J. , Kandel Daniel , Kjaer Stine , Astrup Arne , Deacon Carolyn F. , Holst Jens J. , Madsbad Sten , Rehfeld Jens F. , Haugaard Steen B. , Krarup Thure 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess whether a simple substitution of carbohydrate in the conventionally recommended diet with protein and fat would result in a clinically meaningful reduction in postprandial hyperglycaemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In all, sixteen subjects with T2DM treated with metformin only, fourteen male, with a median age of 65 (43–70) years, HbA1cof 6·5 % (47 mmol/l) (5·5–8·3 % (37–67 mmol/l)) and a BMI of 30 (sd4·4) kg/m2participated in the randomised, cross-over study. A carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet was compared with an iso-energetic conventional diabetes (CD) diet. Macronutrient contents of the CRHP/CD diets consisted of 31/54 % energy from carbohydrate, 29/16 % energy from protein and 40/30 % energy from fat, respectively. Each diet was consumed on 2 consecutive days in a randomised order. Postprandial glycaemia, pancreatic and gut hormones, as well as satiety, were evaluated at breakfast and lunch. Compared with the CD diet, the CRHP diet reduced postprandial AUC of glucose by 14 %, insulin by 22 % and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide by 17 % (allP<0·001), respectively. Correspondingly, glucagon AUC increased by 33 % (P<0·001), cholecystokinin by 24 % (P=0·004) and satiety scores by 7 % (P=0·035), respectively. A moderate reduction in carbohydrate with an increase in fat and protein in the diet, compared with an energy-matched CD diet, greatly reduced postprandial glucose excursions and resulted in increased satiety in patients with well-controlled T2DM.
Eating frequency is inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference and the proportion of body fat in Korean adults when diet quality is high, but not when it is low: analysis of the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV)
Authors: Kim Sunmi , Yang Jeong Hee , Park Gyeong-Hun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe role of eating frequency (EF) in obesity development has been debated, and few studies have investigated Asian populations. Diet quality might affect the association between EF and obesity. Therefore, we investigated the association between EF and obesity indicators in a representative sample of Korean adults with consideration to diet quality. This cross-sectional study used data of 6951 participants aged 19–93 years (male 49·8 %, female 50·2 %) from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. EF was assessed using a questionnaire, and diet quality was defined as mean adequacy ratio (MAR). To explore the association between EF and obesity indicators, we used multiple linear regression analyses with and without interaction terms between diet quality and EF. EF was inversely associated with each obesity indicator, including body fat percentage (BF%), BMI and waist circumference (WC), showing a significant linear trend (P<0·001 for BF%, WC and BMI). In addition, the association between EF and each obesity indicator was significantly altered according to diet quality (Pvalue of the interaction term EF×diet quality=0·008 in the regression model for BF%, <0·001 for BMI and 0·043 for WC). In the stratified analyses according to diet quality, EF had a significant inverse association with BF%, WC and BMI in the high diet quality groups, but not in the low diet quality groups. This study suggests that EF is inversely associated with the obesity indicators when diet quality is high, but not when it is low in Korean adults.
PERENNIAL GRAINS FOR AFRICA: POSSIBILITY OR PIPEDREAM?
Authors: SNAPP SIEGLINDE , ROGÉ PAUL , OKORI PATRICK , CHIKOWO REGIS , PETER BRAD , MESSINA JOSEPH 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYPerennial grain crops have been proposed as a transformative approach to agriculture. Replacing annual staple crops with perennialized growth types of the same crops could provide environmental services, improve labour efficiency and weather resilience, reduce seed costs and produce livestock fodder or fuelwood production. Yet, the technologies and science for agricultural development in Africa have focused almost exclusively on annuals. In this paper, we review the literature to explore what has been potentially overlooked, including missed opportunities as well as the disadvantages associated with perennial grains. The case studies of pigeon pea and sorghum are considered, as an analogue for perennial grain crops in Africa. We find that a substantial number of farmers persist in ‘perennializing’ pigeon pea systems through ratoon management, and that sorghum ratoons are widely practiced in some regions. In contrast, many crop scientists are not interested in perennial traits or ratoon management, citing the potential of perennials to harbour disease, and modest yield potential. Indeed, an overriding prioritization of high grain yield response to fertilizer, and not including accessory products such as fodder or soil fertility, has led to multipurpose, perennial life forms being overlooked. Agronomists are encouraged to consider a wide range of indicators of performance for a sustainable approach to agriculture, one that includes management for diversity in crop growth habits.
Leishmaniasis: current challenges and prospects for elimination with special focus on the South Asian region
Authors: KARUNAWEERA NADIRA D. , FERREIRA MARCELO U. 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYLeishmania donovani, the most virulent species of Leishmania, is found in the South Asian region that harbours the majority of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases in the world. The traditionally accepted relationships between the causative species of Leishmania and the resultant disease phenotype have been challenged during recent years and have underscored the importance of revisiting the previously established taxonomy with revisions to its classification. The weak voice of the afflicted with decades of neglect by scientists and policy makers have led to the miserably inadequate and slow advancements in product development in the fields of diagnostics, chemotherapeutics and vector control that continue to hinder the effective management and control of this infection. Limitations notwithstanding, the regional drive for the elimination of VL initiated over a decade ago that focused on India, Nepal and Bangladesh, the three main afflicted countries in the Indian subcontinent is therefore, commendable, with the subsequent status reviews and restructuring of strategies possibly even more so. However, the renewed efforts would need to be combined with plans to combat new challenges in the South-Asian region that includes the emergence of atypical parasite variants, in order to realistically achieve the set goal of regional elimination of VL.
Phylogenetic heritability of geographic range size in haematophagous ectoparasites: time of divergence and variation among continents
Authors: Krasnov Boris R. , Shenbrot Georgy I. , van der Mescht Luther , Warburton Elizabeth M. , Khokhlova Irina S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo understand existence, patterns and mechanisms behind phylogenetic heritability in the geographic range size (GRS) of parasites, we measured phylogenetic signal (PS) in the sizes of both regional (within a region) and continental (within a continent) geographic ranges of fleas in five regions. We asked whether (a) GRS is phylogenetically heritable and (b) the manifestation of PS varies between regions. We also asked whether geographic variation in PS reflects the effects of the environment's spatiotemporal stability (e.g. glaciation disrupting geographic ranges) or is associated with time since divergence (accumulation differences among species over time). Support for the former hypothesis would be indicated by stronger PS in southern than in northern regions, whereas support for the latter hypothesis would be shown by stronger PS in regions with a large proportion of species belonging to the derived lineages than in regions with a large proportion of species belonging to the basal lineages. We detected significant PS in both regional and continental GRSs of fleas from Canada and in continental GRS of fleas from Mongolia. No PS was found in the GRS of fleas from Australia and Southern Africa. Venezuelan fleas demonstrated significant PS in regional GRS only. Local Indicators of Phylogenetic Association detected significant local positive autocorrelations of GRS in some clades even in regions in which PS has not been detected across the entire phylogeny. This was mainly characteristic of younger taxa.
EXPLORING MEDICAL DEVICES: THE USE OF RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND THEIR LINK WITH TRAINING IN HOSPITALS
Authors: Porte Petra J. , Verweij Lisanne M. , de Bruijne Martine C. , van der Vleuten Cees P.M. , Wagner Cordula 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:The aim of this study was to explore the risk assessment tools and criteria used to assess the risk of medical devices in hospitals, and to explore the link between the risk of a medical device and how those risks impact or alter the training of staff.Methods:Within a broader questionnaire on implementation of a national guideline, we collected quantitative data regarding the types of risk assessment tools used in hospitals and the training of healthcare staff.Results:The response rate for the questionnaire was 81 percent; a total of sixty-five of eighty Dutch hospitals. All hospitals use a risk assessment tool and the biggest cluster (40 percent) use a tool developed internally. The criteria used to assess risk most often are: the function of the device (92 percent), the severity of adverse events (88 percent) and the frequency of use (77 percent). Forty-seven of fifty-six hospitals (84 percent) base their training on the risk associated with a medical device. For medium- and high-risk devices, the main method is practical training. As risk increases, the amount and type of training and examination increases.Conclusions:Dutch hospitals use a wide range of tools to assess the risk of medical devices. These tools are often based on the same criteria: the function of the device, the potential severity of adverse events, and the frequency of use. Furthermore, these tools are used to determine the amount and type of training required for staff. If the risk of a device is higher, then the training and examination is more extensive.
Duality between loci of complex polynomials and the zeros of polar derivatives
Authors: SENDOV BLAGOVEST , SENDOV HRISTO 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work investigates the connections between the notion of a locus of a complex polynomial and the polar derivatives. Polar differentiation extends classical derivatives and provides additional flexibility. The notion of a locus was introduced in [8] and proved useful in providing sharp versions of several classical results in the area known as Geometry of Polynomials. The investigations culminated in the work [11]. A need was revealed for a unified treatment of bounded and unbounded loci of polynomials of degree at mostnas well as a unified treatment of polar derivatives and ordinary derivatives. This work aims at providing such a framework.
Translation equivalents facilitate lexical access in very young bilinguals – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: POULIN-DUBOIS DIANE , KUZYK OLIVIA , LEGACY JACQUELINE , ZESIGER PASCAL , FRIEND MARGARET 
Published: April 2018

In this article a reference was published incorrectly. The correct reference is as follows:-Deanda, S., Hendrickson, K., Zesiger, P., Poulin-Dubois, D., & Friend, M. (2017). Lexical access in the second year: a study of monolingual and bilingual vocabulary development. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21(2), 314–327.
A Clinical Patient Reporting Tool: Giving ADPKD Patients Back Their Data
Authors: Abraham Alison G. , Girardat-Rotar Laura , Ziegler Sarah , Blum Markus , Galletti Flavia , Puhan Milo A. , Serra Andreas L. 
Published: April 2018

Klinischer Patientenbericht: ADPKD-Patienten erhalten Zugriff auf ihre Daten Zusammenfassung. Studien zur Patientenbeteiligung in der medizinischen Versorgung deuten darauf hin, dass eine intensive Patientenbeteiligung die Gesundheit verbessert und die Vorsorgungszufriedenheit erhöht. Insbesondere bei Behandlungsentscheidungen, die sowohl Schaden als auch Nutzen verursachen, sind gemeinsame Entscheidungen von Patienten und Ärzten entscheidend um den Patienten auf den Behandlungsplan vorbereitet und ihn dafür zu motivieren. Allerdings sind Instrumente, die den Patienten in den klinischen Versorgungsprozess und gemeinsamen Entscheidungsfindung einbeziehen, nicht weit verbreitet. Wir entwickelten ein klinisches Patientendokument für Patienten mit autosomal-dominanter polyzystischer Nierenerkrankung (ADPKD), für die kürzlich eine neue Therapie – Tolvaptan, das die Progression verlangsamt, aber bemerkenswerte Nebenwirkungen hat – zur Verfügung steht. Untersuchungen vor und nach der Entwicklung zeigten, dass ADPKD-Patienten eine Anzeige individueller Schweregradindikatoren mit Benchmarks für vergleichbare Patienten wünschen. Die Kommunikation wird erleichtert und das Vertrauen der Patienten in die gemeinsam gefällten Behandlungsentscheidungen verbessert. Ein solcher Patientenbericht ist leicht auf andere Krankheitsbilder übertragbar und könnte als ein Aspekt eines Patienteninterventionsmodells in klinischen Zentren dienen.
Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway enhances cancer cell oncolysis mediated by M1 virus
Authors: Liang Jiankai , Guo Li , Li Kai , Xiao Xiao , Zhu Wenbo , Zheng Xiaoke , Hu Jun , Zhang Haipeng , Cai Jing , Yu Yaya , Tan Yaqian , Li Chuntao , Liu Xincheng , Hu Cheng , Liu Ying , Qiu Pengxin , Su Xingwen , He Songmin , Lin Yuan , Yan Guangmei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOncolytic virus is an attractive anticancer agent that selectively lyses cancer through targeting cancer cells rather than normal cells. Although M1 virus is effective against several cancer types, certain cancer cells present low sensitivity to it. Here we identified that most of the components in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway are downregulated after M1 virus infection. Further functional studies illustrate that mevalonate/protein farnesylation/ras homolog family member Q (RHOQ) axis inhibits M1 virus replication. Further transcriptome analysis shows that RHOQ knockdown obviously suppresses Rab GTPase and ATP-mediated membrane transporter system, which may mediate the antiviral effect of RHOQ. Based on this, inhibition of the above pathway significantly enhances the anticancer potency of M1 virus in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. Our research provides an intriguing strategy for the rational combination of M1 virus with farnesyl transferase inhibitors to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
A combination of Lactobacillus mali APS1 and dieting improved the efficacy of obesity treatment via manipulating gut microbiome in mice
Authors: Chen Yung-Tsung , Yang Ning-Sun , Lin Yu-Chun , Ho Shang-Tse , Li Kuan-Yi , Lin Jin-Seng , Liu Je-Ruei , Chen Ming-Ju 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe difficulty of long-term management has produced a high rate of failure for obesity patients. Therefore, improving the efficacy of current obesity treatment is a significant goal. We hypothesized that combining a probiotic Lactobacillus mali APS1 intervention with dieting could improve the efficacy of obesity and hepatic steatosis treatment compared to dieting alone. Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and then treated with: saline + normal diet and APS1 + normal diet (NDAPS1) for 3 weeks. NDAPS1 accelerated body weight loss and reduced caloric intake and fat accumulation. The fecal microbiome showed that accelerating weight loss by NDAPS1 resulted in restoring intestinal microbiota toward a pre-obese state, with alteration of specific changes in the obesity-associated bacteria. APS1 manipulated the gut microbiome’s obesity-associated metabolites, followed by regulation of lipid metabolism, enhancement of energy expenditure and inhibition of appetite. The specific hepatic metabolites induced by the APS1-manipulated gut microbiome also contributed to the amelioration of hepatic steatosis. Our results highlighted a possible microbiome and metabolome that contributed to accelerating weight loss following treatment with a combination of APS1 and dieting and suggested that probiotics could serve as a potential therapy for modulating physiological function and downstream of the microbiota.
Novel rGO-T-C(n) Nanosheets developed via click chemistry as a lubricant anti-wear additive
Authors: Bagheri Samira , Jamal Nadia , Halilu Ahmed , TermehYousefi Amin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractProcess equipment and facilities are constantly facing the dilemmas of tear and wear. This manuscript introducing functionalized reduced graphene oxide with triazole moiety via click chemistry as a anti-wear additive. While this has been achieved successfully, full characterization of the new anti-wear additive material revealed it to be promising in ameliorating issues of wears. One of the merits of the synthesized material includes reduction of contact asperity as the lipophilic alkyl chain length increases. It has been tested to be functional when formulated as an additive in group III petroleum base oil. Accordingly, it shows an irregularity in renewable base oil. Following screening evaluations of the lipophilic alkyl chain lengths, the additive with twelve carbon atoms; functionalized reduced graphene oxide, rGO-T-C(12) was confirmed to stand out among others with the good reduction of friction coefficient and the least wear scar diameter of ~539.78 µm, compared to the base oil containing no additive.
Mitochondrial function in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Da Silva Tania , Wu Abbie , Laksono Isabelle , Prce Ivana , Maheandiran Margaret , Kiang Michael , Andreazza Ana C. , Mizrahi Romina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlterations in mitochondrial function have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. Most studies have investigated alterations in mitochondrial function in patients in which the disorder is already established; however, whether mitochondrial dysfunction predates the onset of psychosis remains unknown. We measured peripheral mitochondrial complex (I–V) function and lactate/pyruvate levels in 27 antipsychotic-naïve individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and 16 healthy controls. We also explored the association between mitochondrial function and brain microglial activation and glutathione levels using a translocator protein 18 kDa [18F]FEPPA PET scan and1H-MRS scan, respectively. There were no significant differences in mitochondrial complex function and lactate/pyruvate levels between CHR and healthy controls. In the CHR group, mitochondrial complex III function (r = −0.51,p = 0.008) and lactate levels (r = 0.61,p = 0.004) were associated with prodromal negative symptoms. As previously reported, there were no significant differences in microglial activation and glutathione levels between groups, however, mitochondrial complex IV function was inversely related to microglial activation in the hippocampus in CHR (r = −0.42,p = 0.04), but not in healthy controls. In conclusion, alterations in mitochondrial function are not yet evident in CHR, but may relate to the severity of prodromal symptoms, particularly negative symptoms.