bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scoping review on the community dividend resulting from testing and treating hepatitis C infection in people living in detention
Authors: Kiss-Farina Eszter , Esio-Bassey Chizoba , Plugge Emma , De Viggiani Nick 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A scoping review was conducted to map out sources, types, characteristics of evidence that substantiate the existence of a community dividend arising from testing and treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in people living in detention – where community dividend is defined as the benefit of prison-related intervention for general population health. Joanna Briggs Institute methodology guidance was used. Literature search was done in EMBASE, Scopus, ASSIA, UWE library, CINAHL Plus, and Medline to find studies published in any country, any language between January 1991 and June 2022. PRISMA ScR flow chart mapped out the number of records identified, included, and reasons for exclusion. Data were extracted and charted in Excel. The findings were systematically reported by charting table headings then synthesized in the discussion. Quality assessment was carried out. The descriptive analysis demonstrated economic, clinical, and epidemiological domains to the community dividend in long-term health expenditure savings, reduction in HCV-related disease sequelae, increase in survival, improvement in quality of life, and reduction in infection transmission, most of which are realized in the community following release. Therefore, targeting marginalized populations affected by HCV could expedite the elimination effort, reduce inequalities, and have a positive impact on the wider population.
Regional Impacts Poorly Constrained by Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Swaminathan Ranjini , Schewe Jacob , Walton Jeremy , Zimmermann Klaus , Jones Colin , Betts Richard A. , Burton Chantelle , Jones Chris D. , Mengel Matthias , Reyer Christopher P. O. , Turner Andrew G. , Weigel Katja 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClimate risk assessments must account for a wide range of possible futures, so scientists often use simulations made by numerous global climate models to explore potential changes in regional climates and their impacts. Some of the latest‐generation models have high effective climate sensitivities (EffCS). It has been argued these “hot” models are unrealistic and should therefore be excluded from analyses of climate change impacts. Whether this would improve regional impact assessments, or make them worse, is unclear. Here we show there is no universal relationship between EffCS and projected changes in a number of important climatic drivers of regional impacts. Analyzing heavy rainfall events, meteorological drought, and fire weather in different regions, we find little or no significant correlation with EffCS for most regions and climatic drivers. Even when a correlation is found, internal variability and processes unrelated to EffCS have similar effects on projected changes in the climatic drivers as EffCS. Model selection based solely on EffCS appears to be unjustified and may neglect realistic impacts, leading to an underestimation of climate risks.
Flooding is Not Like Filling a Bath
Authors: Sanders Brett F. , Wing Oliver E. J. , Bates Paul D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDamage and disruption from flooding have rapidly escalated over recent decades. Knowing who and what is at risk, how these risks are changing, and what is driving these changes is of immense importance to flood management and policy. Accurate predictions of flood risk are also critical to public safety. However, many high‐profile research studies reporting risks at national and global scales rely upon a significant oversimplification of how floods behave—as a level pool—an approach known as bathtub modeling that is avoided in flood management practice due to known biases (e.g., >200% error in flood area) compared to physics‐based modeling. With publicity by news media, findings that would likely not be trusted by flood management professionals are thus widely communicated to policy makers and the public, scientific credibility is put at risk, and maladaptation becomes more likely. Here, we call upon researchers to abandon the practice of bathtub modeling in flood risk studies, and for those involved in the peer‐review process to ensure the conclusions of impact analyses are consistent with the limitations of the assumed flood physics. We document biases and uncertainties from bathtub modeling in both coastal and inland geographies, and we present examples of physics‐based modeling approaches suited to large‐scale applications. Reducing biases and uncertainties in flood hazard estimates will sharpen scientific understanding of changing risks, better serve the needs of policy makers, enable news media to more objectively report present and future risks to the public, and better inform adaptation planning.
Conditions of High Helium Concentrations in Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Starkey M. J. , Fuselier S. A. , Dayeh M. A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe analyze the structure and composition of 248 ICMEs observed by the Wind spacecraft from February 1995 to December 2015. We group each event based on their doubly ionized Helium concentration within the magnetic cloud region into either the high‐concentration (i.e., >8% for at least 25% of the magnetic cloud) or nominal‐concentration (i.e., <8% for at least 75% of the magnetic cloud) group. We then perform an epoch analysis on plasma and magnetic field parameters within each distinct region of the ICME structure to identify similarities and/or differences associated with each group of events. Results show that the sheath region of ICMEs with high Helium concentration exhibits a two‐part structure, which is indicative of the compression and expansion of the sheath as it propagates. We further investigate the effect of high Helium concentration within ICMEs on resulting geomagnetic activity by comparing the average Sym‐H geomagnetic index between the two groups. We find that the Sym‐H achieves a greater minimum for high‐concentration events by a factor of ∼1.6. We suggest that this effect is related to the increase in dynamic pressure within the sheath region for ICMEs with high Helium content. Results indicate that high Helium content in ICMEs may play a non‐trivial role in both the evolution of the ICME sheath throughout interplanetary space and the resulting geomagnetic activity induced by Earthward‐directed ICMEs.
Building a Multilake Paleoseismometer for the Xianshuihe Fault (Tibetan Plateau, China)
Authors: Lemot François , Sabatier Pierre , Chevalier Marie‐Luce , Develle Anne‐Lise , Fang Ziqi , Rioual Patrick , Zhang Siqi , Bai Mingkun , Wang Shiguang , Li Haibing , Replumaz Anne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Xianshuihe fault, located in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, stands as one of the most active faults in China. As assessing earthquake hazard relies on access to long‐term paleoseismological archives, this paper seeks to optimize the interpretation of paleoseismological records. We retrieved nine sediment cores from three lakes over a 30 km fault segment. Earthquake‐related deposits were identified through grain‐size analysis, XRF core scanning, and SEM observations of thin sections. Age models based on short‐lived radionuclides correlate these events with historical earthquakes, which are recorded with varying sensitivities to seismic intensity across the three lakes. We developed a code that evaluates the plausibility of rupture scenarios against sedimentary evidence: Each site is used as a binary paleoseismometer, indicating whether or not an earthquake reached a local intensity threshold. The combined evidence from the three sites allows to evaluate rupture scenarios on the Xianshuihe fault, according to rupture length‐magnitude scaling laws and intensity prediction equations. The most probable scenarios allow to discriminate the rupture area and magnitude range providing a good agreement with historical reconstructions. Our work demonstrates the potential of combining earthquake records to infer the magnitude and rupture zone of paleo‐earthquakes, even with a limited data set. Our approach, applicable across diverse geological settings and timescales, offers enhanced precision in understanding long‐term paleoseismology covering multiple earthquake cycles. However, establishing the synchronicity of events in such an active area—where earthquake return times are typically <100 years—demands highly accurate age models, which remains challenging.
SENP3-FIS1 axis promotes mitophagy and cell survival under hypoxia
Authors: Zhao Alice , Maple Laura , Jiang Juwei , Myers Katie N. , Jones Callum G. , Gagg Hannah , McGarrity-Cottrell Connor , Rominiyi Ola , Collis Spencer J. , Wells Greg , Rahman Marufur , Danson Sarah J. , Robinson Darren , Smythe Carl , Guo Chun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSUMOylation, the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to target proteins, and its reversal, deSUMOylation by SUMO proteases like Sentrin-specific proteases (SENPs), are crucial for initiating cellular responses to hypoxia. However, their roles in subsequent adaptation processes to hypoxia such as mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) remain unexplored. Here, we show that general SUMOylation, particularly SUMO2/3 modification, suppresses mitophagy under both normoxia and hypoxia. Furthermore, we identify deSUMO2/3-ylation enzyme SENP3 and mitochondrial Fission protein 1 (FIS1) as key players in hypoxia-induced mitophagy (HIM), with SUMOylatable FIS1 acting as a crucial regulator for SENP3-mediated HIM regulation. Interestingly, we find that hypoxia promotes FIS1 SUMO2/3-ylation and triggers an interaction between SUMOylatable FIS1 and Rab GTPase-activating protein Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16 domain 1 family member 17 (TBC1D17), which in turn suppresses HIM. Therefore, we propose a novel SUMOylation-dependent pathway where the SENP3-FIS1 axis promotes HIM, with TBC1D17 acting as a fine-tuning regulator. Importantly, the SENP3-FIS1 axis plays a protective role against hypoxia-induced cell death, highlighting its physiological significance, and hypoxia-inducible FIS1-TBC1D17 interaction is detectable in primary glioma stem cell-like (GSC) cultures derived from glioblastoma patients, suggesting its disease relevance. Our findings not only provide new insights into SUMOylation/deSUMOylation regulation of HIM but also suggest the potential of targeting this pathway to enhance cellular resilience under hypoxic stress.
Ohm’s law lost and regained: observation and impact of transmission and velocity zeros
Authors: Joshi Krishna , Kurtz Israel , Shi Zhou , Genack Azriel Z. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe quantum conductance and its classical wave analogue, the transmittance, are given by the sum of the eigenvalues of the transmission matrix. However, neither measurements nor theoretical analysis of the transmission eigenchannels have been carried out to explain the dips in conductance found in simulations as new channels are introduced. Here, we measure the microwave transmission matrices of random waveguides and find the spectra of all transmission eigenvalues, even at dips in the lowest transmission eigenchannel that are orders of magnitude below the noise in the transmission matrix. Transmission vanishes both at topological transmission zeros, where the energy density at the sample output vanishes, and at crossovers to new channels, where the longitudinal velocity vanishes. Zeros of transmission pull down all the transmission eigenvalues and thereby produce dips in the transmittance. These dips and the ability to probe the characteristics of even the lowest transmission eigenchannel are due to correlation among the eigenvalues. The precise tracking of dips in the conductance by peaks in the density of states points to a further correlation between zeros and poles of the transmission matrix. The conductance approaches Ohm’s law as the sample width increases in accord with the correspondence principle.
Synaptic connectome of the Drosophila circadian clock
Authors: Reinhard Nils , Fukuda Ayumi , Manoli Giulia , Derksen Emilia , Saito Aika , Möller Gabriel , Sekiguchi Manabu , Rieger Dirk , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte , Yoshii Taishi , Zandawala Meet 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe circadian clock and its output pathways play a pivotal role in optimizing daily processes. To obtain insights into how diverse rhythmic physiology and behaviors are orchestrated, we have generated a comprehensive connectivity map of an animal circadian clock using the Drosophila FlyWire brain connectome. Intriguingly, we identified additional dorsal clock neurons, thus showing that the Drosophila circadian network contains ~240 instead of 150 neurons. We revealed extensive contralateral synaptic connectivity within the network and discovered novel indirect light input pathways to the clock neurons. We also elucidated pathways via which the clock modulates descending neurons that are known to regulate feeding and reproductive behaviors. Interestingly, we observed sparse monosynaptic connectivity between clock neurons and downstream higher-order brain centers and neurosecretory cells known to regulate behavior and physiology. Therefore, we integrated single-cell transcriptomics and receptor mapping to decipher putative paracrine peptidergic signaling by clock neurons. Our analyses identified additional novel neuropeptides expressed in clock neurons and suggest that peptidergic signaling significantly enriches interconnectivity within the clock network.
Supercritical density fluctuations and structural heterogeneity in supercooled water-glycerol microdroplets
Authors: Berkowicz Sharon , Andronis Iason , Girelli Anita , Filianina Mariia , Bin Maddalena , Nam Kyeongmin , Shin Myeongsik , Kowalewski Markus , Katayama Tetsuo , Giovambattista Nicolas , Kim Kyung Hwan , Perakis Fivos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent experiments and theoretical studies strongly indicate that water exhibits a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) in the supercooled domain. An open question is how the LLPT of water can affect the properties of aqueous solutions. Here, we study the structural and thermodynamic properties of supercooled glycerol-water microdroplets at dilute conditions (χg = 3.2% glycerol mole fraction). The combination of rapid evaporative cooling with femtosecond X-ray scattering allows us to outrun crystallization and gain access to the deeply supercooled regime down to T = 229.3 K. We find that the density fluctuations of the glycerol-water solution or, equivalently, its isothermal compressibility, κT, increases upon cooling. This is confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, which indicate that the presence of glycerol shifts the temperature of maximum κT from T = 230 K in pure water down to T = 223 K in the solution. Our findings elucidate the interplay between the complex behavior of water, including its LLPT, and the properties of aqueous solutions at low temperatures, which can have practical consequences in cryogenic biological applications and cryopreservation techniques.
DTX3L-mediated TIRR nuclear export and degradation regulates DNA repair pathway choice and PARP inhibitor sensitivity
Authors: Ye Qi , Ma Jian , Wang Zixi , Li Lei , Liu Tianjie , Wang Bin , Zhu Lizhe , Lei Yuzeshi , Xu Shan , Wang Ke , Jian Yanlin , Ma Bohan , Fan Yizeng , Liu Jing , Gao Yang , Huang Haojie , Li Lei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract53BP1 plays an important role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and this activity is negatively regulated by its interaction with Tudor interacting repair regulator (TIRR). However, how the TIRR-53BP1 repair axis is regulated in response to DNA damage remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TIRR is translocated to the cytoplasm and degraded upon DNA damage. Ubiquitination of TIRR at lysine 187 by DTX3L is a critical process that regulates NHEJ pathway activity and PARP inhibitor sensitivity by facilitating XPO1-mediated TIRR nuclear export and degradation after DNA damage. We show that DTX3L is overexpressed in prostate cancers in patients and that decreased expression of TIRR due to DTX3L overexpression impairs the negative regulatory effect of TIRR on 53BP1, which consequently induces HR deficiency and chromosomal instability and sensitizes prostate cancer cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Our work reveals a dual action of DTX3L on TIRR degradation and nuclear exportation and identifies DTX3L as an upstream regulator of the TIRR-53BP1 axis that governs DNA repair pathway choice and PARP inhibitor sensitivity. These findings suggest that TIRR ubiquitination and DTX3L overexpression could be viable biomarkers predicting PARP inhibitor sensitivity in cancers.
Siderophores as tools and treatments
Authors: Gräff Á. Tamás , Barry Sarah M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the search for iron, an essential element in many biochemical processes, microorganisms biosynthesise dedicated chelators, known as siderophores, to sequester iron from their environment and actively transport the siderophore complex into the cell. This process has been implicated in bacterial pathogenesis and exploited through siderophore-antibiotic conjugates as a method for selective antibiotic delivery. Here we review this Trojan-horse approach including design considerations and potential in diagnostics and infection imaging.
The transformation of agriculture towards a silicon improved sustainable and resilient crop production
Authors: Schaller Jörg , Webber Heidi , Ewert Frank , Stein Mathias , Puppe Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSustainable and resilient crop production is facing many challenges. The restoration of natural reactive silicon cycles offers an opportunity to improve sustainability through reducing phosphorus fertilizer use and to increase crops’ resilience to drought stress and pests. We therefore call upon farmers, agri-food-researchers, and policymakers to pave the road for transforming agriculture to a silicon-improved sustainable crop production, which represents a promising approach to achieve food security under global change.
Evaluation of the redox alteration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy model mice using in vivo DNP-MRI
Authors: Eto Hinako , Murata Masaharu , Kawano Takahito , Tachibana Yoko , Elhelaly Abdelazim Elsayed , Noda Yoshifumi , Kato Hiroki , Matsuo Masayuki , Hyodo Fuminori 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic muscular disease and is the most common type of muscular dystrophy in Japan. Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used for follow-up evaluation of myositis and muscular dystrophy, including DMD and inflammation is evaluated based on the increased muscle water as evaluated by T2-weighted MR images. However, in MDM, the redox status has not been evaluated non-invasively during the disease progression. We assessed the inflammation via the redox status in experimental animal disease models using in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization MRI (DNP-MRI) with a redox probe. The current study aimed to evaluate the skeletal muscle of mdx mice, a DMD model, in which muscle fiber necrosis, inflammation, and muscle regeneration were chronically repeated. Results showed that the reduction rate of Carbamoyl-PROXYL (CmP), one of the redox probes, radicals in mdx mice increased compared with that in normal mice. In vitro, more mitochondria or macrophages enhanced the radical form decay reaction by reducing CmP. Due to muscle fiber damage, the mdx mice had a lower mitochondrial concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle than the normal mice. However, the in vivo DNP-MRI results strongly reflected the increased reduction of CmP radicals by macrophages. In conclusion, in vivo DNP-MRI, a noninvasive imaging method is useful for locally evaluating skeletal muscle inflammation.
Histone methyltransferases MLL2 and SETD1A/B play distinct roles in H3K4me3 deposition during the transition from totipotency to pluripotency
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Sun Qiaoran , Liu Liang , Yang Shichun , Zhang Xia , Miao Yi-Liang , Liu Xin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In early mammalian embryogenesis, a shift from non-canonical histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) linked to transcriptional repression to canonical H3K4me3 indicating active promoters occurs during zygotic genome activation (ZGA). However, the mechanisms and roles of these H3K4me3 states in embryogenesis remain poorly understood. Our research reveals that the histone methyltransferase MLL2 is responsible for installing H3K4me3 (both non-canonical and canonical) in totipotent embryos, while a transition to SETD1A/B-deposited H3K4me3 occurs in pluripotent embryos. Interestingly, MLL2-mediated H3K4me3 operates independently of transcription, fostering a relaxed chromatin state conducive to totipotency rather than directly influencing transcription. Conversely, SETD1A/B-mediated H3K4me3, which depends on transcription, is crucial for facilitating expression of genes essential for pluripotency and pre-implantation development. Our findings highlight the role of the H3K4me3 transition, mediated by an MLL2-to-SETD1A/B relay mechanism, in the regulation of transition from totipotency to pluripotency during early embryogenesis.
Zr4+-doped sodium manganese oxide: enhanced electrochemical performance as a cathode in sodium ion batteries
Authors: Kashyap Bristisnata , Dutta Dimple P. , Modak B. , Kumar Sanjay , Ravuri Balaji R. 
Published: December 2024

Zr4+ doping proves beneficial for improving the electrochemical performance of Na4Mn2O5 cathodes.
Using assurance frameworks to manage the risks and uncertainties of an energy sector digital spine
Authors: Thraves Henry James , Theoharis Anna , Pang Wai Yan Sonia , Faiz Graham , Celnik Matthew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe energy transition requires a profound transformation of the entire energy system. The adoption of diverse, distributed renewable energy sources into the energy mix requires many assets, actions, stakeholders, and decisions to communicate with each other. The digital spine can serve as the energy system's connective tissue, enabling secure data sharing and enhancing visibility across all energy stakeholders. This will promote collaboration, innovation, and informed decision‐making within the UK's energy sector. However, significant risks accompany this shift, including data quality and security, organisational readiness, and the complexity and scalability of the digital infrastructure. This report will discuss these risks and suggest mitigation measures to promote trust in the digital spine. Only by achieving stakeholder buy‐in through trust of the digital spine will this digital technology achieve widespread acceptance. Digital assurance helps to generate an ecosystem of trust built on transparent arguments about consequences and uncertainty for digital technologies, such as the digital spine. DNV believes that their suite of recommend practises can help to mitigate risks relating to the digital spine. The report concludes by outlining the next steps towards realising a digital spine, emphasising the role of independent assurance frameworks in achieving this goal.