bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Doravirine and Methadone
Authors: Khalilieh Sauzanne , Yee Ka L. , Sanchez Rosa I. , Vaynshteyn Kate , Fan Li , Searle Shawn , Bouhajib Mohammed , Iwamoto Marian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDoravirine is a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of HIV type 1 infection. A subset of people living with HIV receives methadone for the treatment of opioid addiction. The current study (NCT02715700) was an open‐label, multiple‐dose, drug interaction study in participants on a methadone maintenance program to investigate potential drug‐drug interactions between doravirine and methadone. Participants received a stable methadone maintenance dose of 20 to 180 mg once daily for 14 days prior to day 1 and remained on their maintenance dose over days 1 through 7. On days 2 through 6, an oral dose of doravirine 100 mg was coadministered. For doravirine and methadone pharmacokinetic analysis, blood samples were collected before dosing through 24 hours after dosing. Fourteen participants were enrolled; all participants completed the study. For R‐methadone, geometric least squares mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) for dose‐normalized area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to 24 hours, plasma concentration at 24 hours, and maximum plasma concentration ([methadone + doravirine]/methadone alone) were 0.95 (0.90‐1.01), 0.95 (0.88‐1.03), and 0.98 (0.93‐1.03), respectively. For doravirine, based on a comparison with historical data, modest decreases in area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to 24 hours, plasma concentration at 24 hours, and maximum plasma concentration were observed after coadministration of doravirine and methadone; geometric least squares mean ratios ([methadone + doravirine]/doravirine alone [90% confidence intervals]) were 0.74 (0.61‐0.90), 0.80 (0.63‐1.03), and 0.76 (0.63‐0.91), respectively. Coadministration of doravirine and methadone was generally well tolerated. No serious adverse events occurred, and there were no discontinuations. In conclusion, coadministration of methadone and doravirine did not have a clinically meaningful effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of either agent.
Isolating Rat Intestinal Explants for In Vitro Cultures
Authors: Kothari Anjaney , Rajagopalan Padmavathy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe small intestine is an important organ primarily involved in digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. In vitro intestinal models are being developed to study this organ in health and disease. Intestinal explants can be used in such investigations since they contain all the major intestinal cell types. A detailed procedure to isolate intestinal explants from the rat jejunum is described. A protocol for culturing them in vitro for up to 24 hr is also provided. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Unlabeled Competitor Antibody to Reduce Nonlinear Signal Spillover in Mass Cytometry
Authors: Sekhri Palak , Kim Miriam Y. , Behbehani Gregory K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMass cytometry (MCM; CyTOF) utilizes isotopically purified metal‐tagged antibodies for single‐cell analysis and can analyze more than 40 parameters simultaneously with minimum signal spillover to other mass channels as compared to fluorescent flow cytometry. In spite of this improvement, various factors such as metal oxidation, abundance sensitivity related spillover, and metal impurities can cause measurable amounts of spillover in MCM that can potentially lead to misinterpretation of data. Linear spillover can be corrected by applying compensation; however, we demonstrate that at high signal intensities, MCM channel spillovers are frequently nonlinear. This report describes a simple method to correct for nonlinear signal spillover (due to abundance sensitivity, isotopic contamination, or oxide formation) that can occur at high signal intensity through the use of unlabeled competitor antibodies to the specific metal‐tagged antibodies causing spillover. This method significantly decreased high signal intensity and nonlinear spillover to other mass channels while maintaining saturating antibody concentrations, thereby facilitating accurate staining and compensation. In contrast, the common method of using under‐titrated antibodies to overcome spillover lead to staining intensity that varied with cell numbers and antigen abundance. We demonstrate that this technique reduces total signal without significantly altering immunophenotypic or functional measurement of relative antigen levels and could be used to enable improved linear compensation of signal spillovers from high abundance antigens.Statement of SignificanceMass cytometry is becoming a well‐established technology for comprehensive analysis of complex biological samples, due to its ability to enable measurement of more than 40 simultaneous parameters. Due to the use of isotopically pure metal‐tagged antibodies, measurement channel spillover in mass cytometry is drastically lower than in fluorescent cytometry but can still occur due to metal oxidation, isotopic impurities, or abundance sensitivity when mass signals have high intensity. We show in this report that high abundance antigens with high signal intensity exhibit non‐linear mass channel spillovers that cannot be easily compensated. We also demonstrate a simple method for the use of unlabeled competitor antibody to decrease antigen signal intensity while maintaining antigen abundance to allow for more accurate linear compensation. This method performs more consistently than the commonly used approach of using under‐titrated antibodies. We believe that this report has immediate practical utility for researchers using mass cytometry and can be broadly utilized to enable compensation of mass cytometry data when needed. We thus feel that this article merits publication as a Brief Report in Cytometry Part A. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Cardiac tamponade as an initial presentation of papillary carcinoma with psammoma bodies and intranuclear grooves—A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Gochhait Debasis , Sreerekha Jinkala , Rangarajan Vidhyalakshmi , Siddaraju Neelaiah , Govindarajalou Ramkumar , Penumadu Prasanth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInvolvement of body fluids by adenocarcinoma is a common phenomenon. However, metastasis to the pericardial fluid by adenocarcinoma is a rare occurrence. The most common malignancies associated with malignant pericardial effusion are carcinoma of the lung, breast, esophagus, melanoma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Here, we discuss a case of a 36‐year‐old female with hemorrhagic pericardial effusion presenting with cardiac tamponade and psammoma bodies which was suspected and reported as metastatic papillary carcinoma of thyroid on cytomorphology; however, the immunocytochemical and radiological features confirmed metastatic papillary adenocarcinoma of lung contrary to the thyroid which is more common and expected.
Malignant teratoma of the thyroid: A difficult diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Starling Cherry E. , Sabra John , Brady Bridget , Horton Michelle , Traweek Stephen Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrimary thyroid teratomas are rare, usually benign, and typically occur in children. We report the unusual occurrence of a malignant thyroid teratoma in a young man. Initial ultrasound and CT studies revealed an 8.5 heterogeneous mass involving the entire right thyroid lobe causing tracheal compression and deviation. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) revealed malignant cells with possible neuroendocrine features. Similar findings have been previously reported, with an occasional interpretation as possible medullary thyroid carcinoma. In no report, as with our case, has the correct diagnosis been suggested with FNA. The surgical specimen contained abundant primitive neuroepithelium with a very minor component of mature ectodermal tissue in one area. Like this case, an abundance of immature neuroepithelium has been reported in essentially all previous reports of primary malignant thyroid teratoma, sometimes creating a challenge to find another type of germ cell tissue. Array comparative genomic hybridization studies in this case revealed a markedly complex karyotype including gain of chromosome 12 and loss of 17p. Amplification of MYCN, EWSR1 rearrangement and isochromosome 12p were not identified, providing no evidence for neuroblastoma or Ewing sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, both of which have also rarely been reported as primary thyroid tumors. With the use of cisplatinum‐based chemotherapy combined with radiation, survival times have increased dramatically. Our patient is now disease free and back to his normal activities after relatively short follow‐up. Although rare, it is important to be aware that teratomas may present as a thyroid nodule. Recognition by FNA is challenging, and requires multiple modalities for full identification.
Sex‐ And tissue‐specific differences in telomere length in a reptile
Authors: Rollings Nicky , Friesen Christopher R. , Whittington Camilla M. , Johansson Rasmus , Shine Richard , Olsson Mats 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe usage of telomere length (TL) in blood as a proxy for the TL of other tissues relies on the assumption that telomere dynamics across all tissues are similar. However, telomere attrition can be caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may vary with metabolic rate, which itself varies across organs depending upon the life history strategy of an organism. Thus, we chose to measure the telomeres of various cell types in juvenile painted dragon lizards, Ctenophorus pictus, given their unusual life history strategy. Individuals typically only experience a single mating season. We measured the TL of male and female dragons using qPCR and observed that TL varied with tissue type and sex. Telomeres of blood cells were longer than those of liver, heart, brain, and spleen, and females had longer telomeres than males. Brain telomeres in males were approximately half the length of those in females. Telomeric attrition in the male brain may be due to the need for rapid learning of reproductive tactics (territory patrol and defense, mate‐finding). Significant correlations between the TL of tissue types suggest that blood TL may be a useful proxy for the TL of other tissues. Our comparison of organ‐specific telomere dynamics, the first in a reptile, suggests that the usage of blood TL as a proxy requires careful consideration of the life history strategy of the organism.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals the selection patterns of domesticated ramie
Authors: Huang Kun‐Yong , Zhu Ai‐Guo , Chen Xiao‐Rong , Shi Ya‐Liang , Tang Qing , Wang Xiao‐Fei , Sun Zhi‐Min , Luan Ming‐Bao , Chen Jian‐Hua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough domestication has dramatically altered the phenotype, physiology, and life history of ramie (Boehmeria nivea) plants, few studies have investigated the effects of domestication on the structure and expression pattern of genes in this fiber crop. To investigate the selective pattern and genetic relationships among a cultivated variety of ramie (BNZ: B. nivea, ZZ1) and four wild species, BNT (B. nivea var. tenacissima), BNN (B. nivea var. nipononivea), BNW (B. nivea var. nivea), and BAN (B. nivea var. viridula), in the section Tilocnide, we performed an RNA sequencing analysis of these ramie species. The de novo assembly of the “all‐ramie” transcriptome yielded 119,114 unigenes with an average length of 633 bp, and a total of 7,084 orthologous gene pairs were identified. The phylogenetic tree showed that the cultivar BNZ clustered with BAN in one group, BNW was closely related to BNT, and BNN formed a separate group. Introgression analysis indicated that gene flow occurred from BNZ to BNN and BAN, and between BAN and BNN. Among these orthologs, 2,425 and 269 genes underwent significant purifying and positive selection, respectively. For these positively selected genes, oxidation–reduction process (GO:0055114) and stress response pathways (GO:0006950) were enriched, indicating that modulation of the cellular redox status was important during both ramie fiber evolution and improvement. Two genes related to the suppression of flowering and one gene annotated as a flowering‐promoting factor were subjected to positive selection, probably caused by human manipulation. Additionally, five genes were homologs of those involved in abiotic stress tolerance and disease resistance, with higher expression levels in the cultivar BNZ than in the wild species. Collectively, the results of this study indicated that domestication has resulted in the upregulation of many genes involved in the abiotic and biotic stress responses, fiber yield, and plant growth of ramie.
Hydrological impacts of afforestation in the semiarid Patagonia: A modelling approach
Authors: Milkovic Mayra , Paruelo José M. , Nosetto Marcelo D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAfforestation has been widely encouraged with different goals, including as a strategy to tackle global warming. However, the side‐effects of this land‐use transformation have been in many cases underestimated. Particularly, the hydrological impacts may become relevant in (semi)arid regions where water is a key element. In this work, we evaluated the hydrological effects triggered by afforestation with ponderosa pine in the semiarid Argentine Patagonia that is currently a focus of afforestation programs. For this purpose, we used complementary approaches that included hydrological modelling (DINAQUA model), satellite image analysis, and soil wetness data. All analyses provided convergent results into hydrological effects of afforestation. The modelling results showed that afforestation significantly increased transpiration in relation to native grass–shrub steppe. In the steppe in degraded condition, transpiration accounted for only 10% (40 mm year−1) of total water flux, whereas in adult pine plantations, it accounted for up to 73% (277 mm year−1). Deep drainage was also severely affected by afforestation as it decreased from 182 mm year−1 in the steppe to zero in adult plantations, according to model simulations. Estimates from Landsat images also showed that evapotranspiration was higher in plantations compared with the steppe. Soil wetness data also revealed significantly drier soils in plantations. Our results indicate that pine plantations in the semiarid Patagonia evaporate all rainfall inputs, resulting in zero deep drainage and groundwater recharge. If the afforested area in the region increases, downstream meadow ecosystems, which are hotspots of primary productivity, may be negatively impacted.
Trade‐offs and synergies in a payment‐for‐ecosystem services program on ranchlands in the Everglades headwaters
Authors: Boughton Elizabeth H. , Quintana‐Ascencio Pedro F. , Jenkins David G. , Bohlen Patrick J. , Fauth John E. , Engel Angelica , Shukla Sanjay , Kiker Greg , Hendricks Greg , Swain Hilary M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIncreasingly, agriculture is recognized as valuable not only for food production, but also for regulating and supporting ecosystem services such as those encompassing biodiversity and water. Various government programs provide incentives to farmers and ranchers to maintain ecosystem services, with an emerging focus on payment‐for‐ecosystem services (PES) programs. However, interactions among ecosystem services, including synergies or trade‐offs, at spatial scales relevant to land managers are not well understood. Here, we examined how a PES program for enhanced water retention on subtropical ranchlands in the headwaters of the Everglades affected seven indicators of ecosystem services and three indicators of disservices within wetlands (local scale) and among wetlands (wetland scale) at four different ranches. We used general linear mixed models and model selection to evaluate the feasibility of explicit, a priori hypotheses using data from 15 wetlands sampled across four participating ranches. Our study indicated that managing for increased water retention could result in both synergies and trade‐offs among ecosystem services. Higher water retention increased wetland plants at both local and wetland scales and was associated with reduced mosquitoes. Trade‐offs included significant declines in forage plant cover and decreases in amphibian abundance with higher water retention. Unimodal non‐linear relationships described responses of macroinvertebrates, fish, mosquito, and non‐native plant abundance to increasing water retention. These complex relationships indicate that optimizing water retention, provisioning services, and wetland biodiversity in ranchlands may not be straightforward. Unimodal non‐linear relationships among water retention and biodiversity suggest there is a threshold of water retention that represents a trade‐off for also maintaining biodiversity. Land use was an important driver of ecosystem disservices, with more intensely managed ranches having a greater potential for ecosystem disservices such as increased cover of non‐native plants, abundant mosquitoes, and lower amphibian abundance. Multidisciplinary collaboration was required to design, implement, monitor, and assess this PES program for trade‐offs and synergies.
Palladium Nanoclusters Uniformly Enveloped Electrochemically Activated Graphene for Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor
Authors: Abdelwahab Adel A. , Abdel‐Hakim M. , Abdelmottaleb Mohamed , Elshahawy Anwar S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNonenzymatic sensors based on a metals nanocomposite with high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability has been received considerable interest. In this study, a novel electrochemical nanocomposite sensor based on palladium nanoclusters (PdNCs) decorated electrochemically activated graphene (EAGr) was established for highly sensitive nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor. The PdNCs/EAGr nanocomposite was fabricated via an electrochemical activation of Gr by the potential cycling in the range of +0.6 to −1.8 V, followed by the electrodeposition of PdNCs at −0.4 V applied potential. The homogeneous dispersion of PdNCs/EAGr nanocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The PdNCs/EAGr nanocomposite electrode showed higher electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2O2 in pH 7.0 of 0.1 M PBS by significantly enhancing the reduction peak current and reduced the reduction overpotential as well as eliminated other interfering species responses. The PdNCs/EAGr electrode displayed a wide linear range for H2O2 reduction from 1.0 to 1100 μM with limit of detection 0.02±0.01 μM. The higher sensitivity and selectivity as well as long‐time stability and excellent reproducibility obtained, indicating the proposed sensor is an effective H2O2 based sensor. In addition, the analytical application of the nancomposite sensor was successfully examined for the determination of H2O2 in the real sample of human urine indicating that the appreciable practicality of the nonenzymatic sensor for the determination of H2O2 in physiological fluids.
A comparison of denoising pipelines in high temporal resolution task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Mayer Andrew R. , Ling Josef M. , Dodd Andrew B. , Shaff Nicholas A. , Wertz Christopher J. , Hanlon Faith M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has been known for decades that head motion/other artifacts affect the blood oxygen level‐dependent signal. Recent recommendations predominantly focus on denoising resting state data, which may not apply to task data due to the different statistical relationships that exist between signal and noise sources. Several blind‐source denoising strategies (FIX and AROMA) and more standard motion parameter (MP) regression (0, 12, or 24 parameters) analyses were therefore compared across four sets of event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (erfMRI) and block‐design (bdfMRI) datasets collected with multiband 32‐ (repetition time [TR] = 460 ms) or older 12‐channel (TR = 2,000 ms) head coils. The amount of motion varied across coil designs and task types. Quality control plots indicated small to moderate relationships between head motion estimates and percent signal change in both signal and noise regions. Blind‐source denoising strategies eliminated signal as well as noise relative to MP24 regression; however, the undesired effects on signal depended both on algorithm (FIX > AROMA) and design (bdfMRI > erfMRI). Moreover, in contrast to previous results, there were minimal differences between MP12/24 and MP0 pipelines in both erfMRI and bdfMRI designs. MP12/24 pipelines were detrimental for a task with both longer block length (30 ± 5 s) and higher correlations between head MPs and design matrix. In summary, current results suggest that there does not appear to be a single denoising approach that is appropriate for all fMRI designs. However, even nonaggressive blind‐source denoising approaches appear to remove signal as well as noise from task‐related data at individual subject and group levels.
Brachytherapy seeds as a nidus for urethral stone formation: A case report
Authors: Kamisawa Ken , Kosaka Takeo , Hongo Hiroshi , Mizuno Ryuichi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionIatrogenic foreign bodies can cause urolithiasis. However, iodine seeds used in brachytherapy are not a known cause of stone formation. We report a rare case of urethral stone formation with brachytherapy seeds determined to be the nidus, which occurred 9 years after permanent seed brachytherapy for prostate cancer.Case presentationAn 87‐year‐old man with a history of prostate cancer treated with brachytherapy presented to our hospital with macroscopic hematuria. He underwent transurethral resection of the mucosa with erythema 4 years after brachytherapy. Cystoscopy revealed urethral stones on the bladder neck. Transurethral lithotripsy was performed and the nidus of stone formation was revealed to be an aggregate of iodine seeds.ConclusionIn the course of the long‐term follow‐up after brachytherapy for prostate cancer, the possibility of the formation of the urethral stone associated with iodine seeds should be considered when gross hematuria is observed.
Oxyvanite V3O5: A new intercalation‐type anode for lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Chen Dong , Tan Huiteng , Rui Xianhong , Zhang Qi , Feng Yuezhan , Geng Hongbo , Li Chengchao , Huang Shaoming , Yu Yan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present study, V3O5 microcrystals that synthesized via vacuum calcination are employed as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for the first time. Despite the widely observed sluggish reaction kinetics and poor cycling stability in most micro‐sized transition metal oxides, the V3O5 microcrystals exhibit excellent rate capability (specific capacities of 144 and 125 mAh g−1 are achieved at extremely high current densities of 20 and 50 A g−1, respectively) and long‐term cycling performance (specific capacity of 117 mAh g−1 is sustained over 2000 cycles at 50 A g−1). It is ascribed to the three‐dimensional open‐framework structure of the V3O5 microcrystals as a major factor in dictating the fast reaction kinetics (lithium diffusion coefficient: ~10−9 cm2 s−1). In addition, significant insight into the reaction mechanism of the V3O5 microcrystals in concomitant its phase evolution are obtained from ex‐situ XRD study, revealing that the V3O5 microcrystals undergo intercalation reaction with insignificant structural change in response to lithiation/delithiation.