bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameter Estimation and Identifiability in Kinetic Flux Profiling Models of Metabolism
Authors: Guppy Breanna , Mitchell Colleen , Taylor Eric B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetabolic fluxes are the rates of life-sustaining chemical reactions within a cell and metabolites are the components. Determining the changes in these fluxes is crucial to understanding diseases with metabolic causes and consequences. Kinetic flux profiling (KFP) is a method for estimating flux that utilizes data from isotope tracing experiments. In these experiments, the isotope-labeled nutrient is metabolized through a pathway and integrated into the downstream metabolite pools. Measurements of proportion labeled for each metabolite in the pathway are taken at multiple time points and used to fit an ordinary differential equations model with fluxes as parameters. We begin by generalizing the process of converting diagrams of metabolic pathways into mathematical models composed of differential equations and algebraic constraints. The scaled differential equations for proportions of unlabeled metabolite contain parameters related to the metabolic fluxes in the pathway. We investigate flux parameter identifiability given data collected only at the steady state of the differential equation. Next, we give criteria for valid parameter estimations in the case of a large separation of timescales with fast–slow analysis. Bayesian parameter estimation on simulated data from KFP experiments containing both irreversible and reversible reactions illustrates the accuracy and reliability of flux estimations. These analyses provide constraints that serve as guidelines for the design of KFP experiments to estimate metabolic fluxes.
Distributing Pieces of a Pie
Authors: Brumm Kai , Hörisch Felix 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGerman Länder (federal states) have great leeway in designing education policies. This applies to early childhood, school-based, and tertiary education—and the allocation of money to these policy domains. However, when drafting budgets, state cabinets are confronted with trade-offs because public funds are scarce: While fiscal rules limit public borrowing, Länder are barely entitled to increase taxes autonomously. Thus, budgetary trade-offs must be solved on the expenditure side. This article investigates whether party politics and the “debt brake” shape the composition of states’ education budgets. We distinguish between expenditures for early childhood education and care (ECEC), schools, universities, and other purposes. Using this categorisation, we examine the education expenses of all 16 Länder between 1995 and 2020. To capture budgetary trade-offs, the interdependence of expenditure shares (seemingly unrelated regressions) and the budget constraint (compositional dependent variables) are explicitly modelled. Our findings indicate significant partisan effects: Christian Democrats in government give universities right of way, whereas the left-wing Social Democratic Party and the Free Democrats (FDP) prioritise the expansion of public daycare. Stricter subnational fiscal rules make all parties boost relative spending on ECEC, as the expansion of childcare services was often prescribed by federal law. Nonetheless, parties differ in the speed of this expansion.
Structural Effects of Cold-Sprayed Ti Coating Modified with Ti-Based Satellite Particles with In Situ-Formed TiC
Authors: Myalska-Głowacka H. , Cios G. , Denoirjean A. , Godzierz M. , Ion A. , Kurtyka K. , Rossignol F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the influence of Ti-TiC satellite powder obtained in situ by the CVD method on the microstructure, properties, and residual stress of titanium cold-sprayed coatings was studied. A commercially available titanium powder was subjected to a satelliting process using the CVD process, where TiC particles were in situ formed on titanium granules. Then, a powder mixture of pure Ti and 20 wt.% of Ti-TiC satellite powder was obtained. Cold spray coatings of Ti-(Ti-TiC)sat powder mixtures were applied to Ti6Al4V substrates with carrier gas temperatures of 900 °C and 1100 °C. The coating characterization included microstructural analyses by SEM, hardness measurements, determination of Young’s modulus, phase composition by XRD, and residual stress measurements. Cross-sectional analysis revealed good cohesion between Ti and TiC during the satelliting process, which survives coating deposition. Moreover, the higher spraying temperature resulted in TiC crystallite size reduction, higher hardness, and Young’s modulus, decreasing linear and shear stresses.
Influence of Annealing Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold-Sprayed CoCrFeNiMn High Entropy Alloy
Authors: Akisin Cletus J. , Bennett Chris J. , Venturi Federico , Hussain Tanvir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we developed a ~ 2 mm thick deposit of CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy (HEA) from cold spray. After cold-spraying, annealing at 600, 800 and 1000 °C for 5 hrs was conducted to improve and consolidate the microstructure. The influence of the annealing treatment on the microstructure, hardness and tensile strength of the HEA deposit was studied. The results showed that annealing treatment increased the fraction of metallurgical bonded areas due to diffusion, which resulted in enhanced mechanical performances of the deposit. The examined fractured surfaces of the tensile test samples revealed that the annealing treatment changed the failure behavior of the as-sprayed deposit from mostly particle-particle interface failure to void coalescence (ductile failure). Interestingly, a distinct microstructure was observed for the deposited annealed at 600 °C; a partially recrystallized microstructure with a small volume fraction of Cr-rich phase formed along grain boundaries, whereas fully recrystallized microstructure at higher two temperatures. The strengthening effect of partial recrystallisation, with a small volume fraction of the Cr-rich phase led to a greater reduced modulus and tensile strength (~196.7 GPa and 51.7 MPa) of the deposit annealed at 600 °C when compared with that annealed at 800 °C (~182.5 GPa and 43.6 MPa). It is believed that the small volume fraction of the Cr-rich phase partly constrained the deformation of the surrounding FCC HEA matrix during mechanical loading, leading to better mechanical properties as compared to the deposit annealed at 800 °C.
$$\tau $$-quantization and $$\tau $$-Cohen classes distributions of Feichtinger operators
Authors: Bastianoni Federico , Luef Franz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigate the $$\tau $$
τ
-quantizations and Cohen’s class distributions of a suitable class of trace-class operators, called Feichtinger’s operators, and show that it is a convenient substitute for the class of Schwartz operators. Many well-known concepts and results for functions in time-frequency analysis have an operator-analog in our setting, e.g. that Cohen’s classes are convolutions of Wigner functions with distributions or characterization of the class of Schwartz operators as an intersection of weighted variants of the class of Feichtinger operators.
Comparative Analysis of Aptamer-Conjugated Chemical and Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapy in MCF-7 Cancer Cells
Authors: Helal Mariam W. , Faried Mohanad M. , Salah Sohaila Mohammed , Ashraf Mazen , Nasser Nada , Shawky Yasser , Hamdy Sara , Amir Azza El , Nabil Wajeet , El-Husseini Dalia M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBreast cancer remains a challenging health issue, demanding innovative treatment approaches that maximize efficacy while minimizing damage to healthy cells. Targeted therapy offers a promising strategy tailored to the unique characteristics of breast cancer tumors. Gold nanoparticles have been studied in the context of their therapeutic potential towards cancer treatment showing great success. Recently, aptamers were also investigated for their targeting efficiency towards specific receptors allowing their use in targeting delivery systems. In this study, computational analysis was used to confirm the strong binding between AS1411 aptamer and the nucleolin receptor extensively present on the surface of breast cancer cells, highlighting the aptamer’s potential for specific targeting. Furthermore, we investigated and compared the use of AS1411 aptamer-conjugated chemically synthesized (GNPs) and flaxseed-green-synthesized (Fs-GNPs) gold nanoparticles as targeting therapeutic systems for breast cancer cells. Our results showed successful conjugation of the AS1411 aptamer with both, the GNPs and Fs-GNPs. Characterization of the nanoparticles and their conjugates validates their size, charge, and morphology, affirming the success of the conjugation process. Cytotoxicity assessments using the MTT assay demonstrated the effectiveness of the conjugates against breast cancer cells, with the AS1411-Fs-GNPs conjugate exhibiting higher inhibitory efficacy, featuring an IC50 value of 11.13 µg/ml. In contrast, they showed minimal effect on normal cells, emphasizing the selectivity and potential safety of these therapies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of conjugating AS1411 aptamer to green-synthesized gold nanoparticles and its use as a targeting therapeutic system.
Psychological Resilience and Complex Movement Coordination Predict the Risk of Falls in Older Adults
Authors: Tóth Eliza E. , Vujić Aleksandar , Ihász Ferenc , Ruíz-Barquín Roberto , Szabo Attila 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of falls in older individuals worldwide is around 26.5%. There is an urgent need to identify factors antagonistic to advanced age-related falls regarding personal safety, family or nursing care time, and healthcare costs. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between functional fitness, mental health indicators, and the risk of falling (ROF) in older adults. Thirty-eight older adults (60–94 years; 66% female) were tested individually with the Fullerton Functional Fitness Test (FFFT) after completing five instruments gauging resilience, well-being, satisfaction with life, happiness, and perceived stress. We measured the ROF with the Berg Balance Test. All objective and subjective measures correlated significantly with the ROF. Bayesian linear regressions revealed that complex movement coordination accounted for 68.8%, while resilience accounted for 48.5% of the variance in the ROF. Moreover, resilience was also a mediator between complex movement coordination and ROF. These results suggest that complex movement coordination-developing and resilience-enhancing training strategies might be beneficial in reducing the ROF in older adults.
In-group binding moral values and reactive behavioral immune responses
Authors: Imada Hirotaka , Li Yang , Mifune Nobuhiro , Ohira Hideki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrevious studies on psychological adaptations to pathogen threats revealed the link between pathogen psychology and group behavior, especially in-group-oriented mindsets such as conformity, and the endorsement of group binding moral values. The relationship between behavioral immune responses and in-group attitudes has been mostly discussed in relation to the adaptive strategy to avoid pathogens. Yet, there is the other side of the behavioral immune system: reactive defense against pathogens (e.g., soliciting social support from others). By operationally defining in-group-oriented mindsets as the endorsement of group binding moral values, we explored how the tendencies to avoid diseases and minimize the negative influences of contracted diseases were each related to in-group-oriented mindsets in two countries (Study 1: the UK, N = 645; Study 2: Japan, N = 651). We found that the endorsement of group binding moral values was robustly associated with the latter but not with the former, suggesting that the reactive side of pathogen psychology may play an important role in shaping in-group-oriented mindsets.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in T1a/bN0 breast cancer with a high 21-gene recurrence score (> 25): a 10-year follow-up in a real-world cohort
Authors: Katz Daniela , Feldhamer Ilan , Wolff-Sagy Yael , Goldvaser Hadar , Hammerman Ariel , Goldstein Daniel A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
In ER + /HER2- early breast cancer (BC), 21-Gene Recurrence Score (RS) > 25 indicates high-risk of distant-recurrence and predicts benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (aCT) regardless of tumor-size. However, T1a/b (≤ 1 cm) node-negative (N0) tumors, regarded as of low risk of recurrence, were under-represented in the RS trials. We therefore aimed to investigate the benefit of aCT in patients with T1a/bN0 BC, RS > 25, where clinical and genomic risk indicators are discordant.

Methods
This retrospective observational cohort study utilized Israel’s national Oncotest database to identify Clalit Health Services (CHS) members, diagnosed with T1a/bN0 HR + /HER2- BC, who underwent RS testing between February 2006, and December 2019. Patients with RS > 25 who received aCT were matched 1:1 by propensity-scoring to similar patients receiving no aCT. Invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) and distant recurrence were the study endpoints. Patient demographic and clinical data were obtained from CHS’s centralized database. Kaplan––Meier analysis with log-rank testing was used for comparing outcomes.

Results
During the study period, high-risk RS result (> 25) was identified in 156/9858 patients of the study cohort. aCT was administered to 74 (47.4%) and median follow-up was 121 months. Within the 148 matched-cases, eighteen iDFS-events occurred, nine (12.1%) in each group (χ2 = 0.72, p = 0.39). Four (5.4%) of the aCT treated and three (4.0%) of the untreated patients were diagnosed with distant recurrence (χ2 = 0.22, p = 0.64).

Conclusions
In this study cohort, patients with T1a/bN0 BC, RS > 25 that received aCT, did not have improved outcomes and the 21-Gene RS > 25 was not found to be predictive, possibly due to the low number of events observed.
Responsible but powerless: staff qualitative perspectives on cheating in higher education
Authors: Harper Rowena , Prentice Felicity 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTeaching staff play a pivotal role in the prevention, detection and management of cheating in higher education. They enact curriculum and assessment design strategies, identify and substantiate suspected cases, and are positioned by many as being on the ‘front line’ of a battle that threatens to undermine the integrity of higher education. Against this backdrop, the experiences of teaching staff with contract cheating were investigated by a large-scale Australian survey across eight universities. This paper reports on the qualitative findings from the survey’s only open-text question: “Is there anything else you would like to tell us?”. Of the 1,147 survey respondents, 315 (27.5%) completed this item. Respondents most commonly described contract cheating as a systemic problem, symptomatic of an increasingly commercialised higher education sector. Staff narratives revealed their distancing from, and powerlessness within, their universities, yet clear feelings of responsibility for a problem they struggle to address. Responses did not echo much of the existing literature in reflecting the construct of integrity as a battle between staff and students, but instead framed cheating as an unfortunate, ancillary issue of transactional teaching and assessment practices. This data illustrates a need to re-centre the educative role of teachers when designing institutional strategies that address contract cheating.
Evaluating Somfit’s pulse arterial tonometry for detection of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: McMahon Marcus , Goldin Jeremy , Kealy Elizabeth Susan , Wicks Darrel Joseph , Zilberg Eugene , Freeman Warwick , Aliahmad Behzad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of Somfit against polysomnography (PSG) for detecting obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Somfit is a wearable home-sleep monitoring device attached to the forehead, combining pulse arterial tonometry, oximetry, and actigraphy with sleep staging, arousals, and total sleep time (TST) derived from frontal neurological signals. Ninety-two participants suspected of having OSA were assessed using Somfit and simultaneous overnight PSG recordings at three Australian sites. Each PSG study was manually scored by three independent scorers. The reported statistics include standard measures of agreement between Somfit’s TST, Oxygen-Saturation Index (ODI), Apnoea–Hypopnea Index (AHI), and the average of those metrics from the three PSG scorers. The overall inter-scorer agreement was 76% (kappa = 0.772). TST, ODI, and AHI from Somfit were highly correlated with similar metrics from PSG (all r > 0.84, p < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 90.5%, 75.0%, and 89.1% respectively, with a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 28.5 for AHI ≥ 5. For AHI ≥ 15, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 78.0%, 73.8%, and 76.1%, respectively, with a DOR of 9.99. For AHI ≥ 30, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and DOR were 72.4%, 90.5%, 84.8%, and 24.9, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) at different PSG AHI cut-offs ranged between 0.86 and 0.93. Coupled with oximetry and EEG-based derivation of TST, Somfit’s performance is comparable to PSG in detecting OSA severity.
Synthesis of Polygeneration Network Involving Integrated Renewable Energy Supply Chain and Interplant Heat and Mass Exchange Networks with Regeneration
Authors: Isafiade Adeniyi Jide 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for integrating a polygeneration network with an integrated renewable energy supply chain network and an interplant heat and mass exchange network using a centralized hub layout approach. The method involves developing a three-layered superstructure. The first layer consists of bio-based renewable energy sources connected to the second layer through various transport modes. The second layer, a centralized polygeneration hub, includes combined heat and power systems and resource subnetworks, featuring a boiler for generating high-pressure steam, turbines for power generation, process and utility heat exchangers, and a stripping column for regenerating solutes from mass separating agents. The third layer, connected to the second layer via pipelines, comprises co-located process plants where energy and resource demands are met through heat and mass exchanger network synthesis. The integrated superstructure, represented as a mixed-integer non-linear programming model, is applied to a hypothetical case study involving wood pulp, corn stover, and glycerine as renewable energy sources. It includes two turbines for generating a specified amount of power, hot and cold streams to be cooled and heated in three co-located plants, and gaseous streams from which ammonia is absorbed using mass separating agents in one of the plants. The solution, dominated by the cost of the supply chain, involves seven process heat exchangers (three of which are used for interplant heat exchange), six utility exchangers, and seven mass exchangers, including one stripping column. When the case study is compared to its equivalent non-integrated scenario, the proposed integrated model shows a 79% reduction in total annual cost for a case where the cost of fossil energy is $0.1/kg. Additionally, in terms of environmental impact, it releases 58% less carbon. The results demonstrate the benefits of adopting a centralized design approach using a polygeneration hub integrated with multiple resource networks.
Assessing the effects of 5-HT2A and 5-HT5A receptor antagonists on DOI-induced head-twitch response in male rats using marker-less deep learning algorithms
Authors: Cyrano Ewelina , Popik Piotr 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Serotonergic psychedelics, which display a high affinity and specificity for 5-HT2A receptors like 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), reliably induce a head-twitch response in rodents characterized by paroxysmal, high-frequency head rotations. Traditionally, this behavior is manually counted by a trained observer. Although automation could simplify and facilitate data collection, current techniques require the surgical implantation of magnetic markers into the rodent’s skull or ear.

Methods
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a marker-less workflow for detecting head-twitch responses using deep learning algorithms. High-speed videos were analyzed using the DeepLabCut neural network to track head movements, and the Simple Behavioral Analysis (SimBA) toolkit was employed to build models identifying specific head-twitch responses.

Results
In studying DOI (0.3125–2.5 mg/kg) effects, the deep learning algorithm workflow demonstrated a significant correlation with human observations. As expected, the preferential 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin (0.625 mg/kg) attenuated DOI (1.25 mg/kg)-induced head-twitch responses. In contrast, the 5-HT5A receptor antagonists SB 699,551 (3 and 10 mg/kg), and ASP 5736 (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg) failed to do so.

Conclusions
Previous drug discrimination studies demonstrated that the 5-HT5A receptor antagonists attenuated the interoceptive cue of a potent hallucinogen LSD, suggesting their anti-hallucinatory effects. Nonetheless, the present results were not surprising and support the head-twitch response as selective for 5-HT2A and not 5-HT5A receptor activation. We conclude that the DeepLabCut and SimBA toolkits offer a high level of objectivity and can accurately and efficiently identify compounds that induce or inhibit head-twitch responses, making them valuable tools for high-throughput research.
Use of IoT for structural health monitoring of civil engineering structures: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Bhatta Sanjeev , Dang Ji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe primary goal of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is to assess performance and determine the physical state of the structures. Technological improvements and the ubiquitous accessibility of Wi-Fi networks have enhanced real-time SHM based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Extensive structural health evaluation can be conducted using real-time test data collected from various IoT sensors on civil infrastructures. These sensors monitor multiple structural health parameters, and the data is accessible via cloud-based storage platforms. This paper presents an overview of IoT technologies and provides an extensive literature review of IoT applications for civil infrastructures, highlighting associated challenges.