bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective variant rs7173049 at LOXL1 locus impacts on retinoic acid signaling pathway in pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Authors: Berner Daniel , Hoja Ursula , Zenkel Matthias , Ross James Julian , Uebe Steffen , Paoli Daniela , Frezzotti Paolo , Rautenbach Robyn M , Ziskind Ari , Williams Susan E , Carmichael Trevor R , Ramsay Michele , Topouzis Fotis , Chatzikyriakidou Anthi , Lambropoulos Alexandros , Sundaresan Periasamy , Ayub Humaira , Akhtar Farah , Qamar Raheel , Zenteno Juan C , Cruz-Aguilar Marisa , Astakhov Yury S , Dubina Michael , Wiggs Janey , Ozaki Mineo , Kruse Friedrich E , Aung Tin , Reis André , Khor Chiea Chuen , Pasutto Francesca , Schlötzer-Schrehardt Ursula 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1) has been identified as the major effect locus in pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, a fibrotic disorder of the extracellular matrix and frequent cause of chronic open-angle glaucoma. However, all known PEX-associated common variants show allele effect reversal in populations of different ancestry, casting doubt on their biological significance. Based on extensive LOXL1 deep sequencing, we report here the identification of a common non-coding sequence variant, rs7173049A>G, located downstream of LOXL1, consistently associated with a decrease in PEX risk (odds ratio, OR = 0.63; P = 6.33 × 10−31) in nine different ethnic populations. We provide experimental evidence for a functional enhancer-like regulatory activity of the genomic region surrounding rs7173049 influencing expression levels of ISLR2 (immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein 2) and STRA6 [stimulated by retinoic acid (RA) receptor 6], apparently mediated by allele-specific binding of the transcription factor thyroid hormone receptor beta. We further show that the protective rs7173049-G allele correlates with increased tissue expression levels of ISLR2 and STRA6 and that both genes are significantly downregulated in tissues of PEX patients together with other key components of the STRA6 receptor-driven RA signaling pathway. siRNA-mediated downregulation of RA signaling induces upregulation of LOXL1 and PEX-associated matrix genes in PEX-relevant cell types. These data indicate that dysregulation of STRA6 and impaired retinoid metabolism are involved in the pathophysiology of PEX syndrome and that the variant rs7173049-G, which represents the first common variant at the broad LOXL1 locus without allele effect reversal, mediates a protective effect through upregulation of STRA6 in ocular tissues.
Multiplicative Dependence Among Iterated Values of Rational Functions Modulo Finitely Generated Groups
Authors: Bérczes Attila , Ostafe Alina , Shparlinski Igor E , Silverman Joseph H 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe study multiplicative dependence between elements in orbits of algebraic dynamical systems over number fields modulo a finitely generated multiplicative subgroup of the field. We obtain a series of results, many of which may be viewed as a blend of Northcott’s theorem on boundedness of preperiodic points and Siegel’s theorem on finiteness of solutions to $S$-unit equations.
Contagious Environmental Lawmaking
Authors: Affolder Natasha 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
It is rare to find an environmental law development or ‘innovation’ announced or celebrated without some discussion of its transferability. Discourses of diffusion are becoming increasingly central to the way that we develop, communicate and frame environmental law ideas. And yet, this significant dimension of environmental law practice seems to have outgrown existing conceptual scaffolding and scholarly vocabularies. The concept, and intentionally unfamiliar terminology, of ‘contagious lawmaking’ creates a space for both fleshing out, and problematizing, the phenomenon of the dynamic and multi-directional transfer of environmental law ideas. This article sets the stage for further study of the global diffusion of environmental law. It does so by identifying the phenomenon of contagious lawmaking and by making explicit some of the terminological and methodological challenges implicated in its study. The article draws on narratives of the ‘global’ diffusion of environmental impact assessment, cited as ‘the most widely adopted environmental management tool in the world’.
A new climbing shrew from Sulawesi highlights the tangled taxonomy of an endemic radiation
Authors: Esselstyn Jacob A , Achmadi Anang S , Handika Heru , Giarla Thomas C , Rowe Kevin C 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe describe a new species of Crocidura (Soricidae) from Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, documenting its novelty with both genetic and morphological characters. The new species is widespread on the island, with vouchered records from nine general localities distributed among five of the island’s areas of endemism. Morphologically, the new species is readily distinguished from all other described Sulawesi Crocidura by its intermediate body size, gray pelage, and long, hairy tail. The new species was mainly captured in pitfalls placed in the ground, but we also obtained evidence that it readily climbs trees and may be scansorial in its locomotor habits. Populations of the new species sampled from across the island are closely related, separated by &lt; 0.02 uncorrected mitochondrial p-distances. The new species is one member of an endemic radiation of shrews on Sulawesi now known to contain six valid species and several undescribed species, all within the genus Crocidura. Resolution of species limits and phylogenetic relationships in this radiation is hindered by habitat loss at type localities, historical designation of new species using very small sample sizes, and a lack of genetic data from type specimens.Kami mendeskripsikan spesies baru Crocidura (Soricidae) dari Pulau Sulawesi, Indonesia, sekaligus mendokumentasikan keunikan karakter secara genetik maupun morfologi dari spesies tersebut. Spesies baru ini tersebar luas di Pulau Sulawesi, diketahui berdasarkan spesimen yang berasal dari sembilan lokasi umum yang tersebar di lima kawasan endemik di pulau tersebut. Secara morfologi, spesies baru ini dapat dibedakan dari spesies Crocidura lainnya dari Sulawesi berdasarkan ukuran tubuh yang sedang, rambut tubuh berwarna abu-abu, dan ekor yang panjang dan berambut. Spesies baru ini sebagian besar diperoleh dari perangkap sumuran yang ditanam didalam tanah, selain itu kami juga mendapatkan bukti bahwa spesies ini mampu memanjat pohon dan kemungkinan memiliki perilaku sebagai pemanjat. Beberapa populasi spesies yang dikoleksi dari Sulawesi ini mempunyai kekerabatan yang dekat, hanya dipisahkan oleh jarak proporsi DNA mitokondria (tidak terkoreksi) sebesar &lt; 0.02. Spesies baru ini merupakan salah satu anggota dari suatu kelompok radiasi endemik cecurut di Sulawesi yang sampai saat ini diketahui terdiri atas enam spesies yang valid, dan beberapa spesies yang belum dideskripsikan, semuanya termasuk didalam genus Crocidura. Kepastian dalam menetapkan batasan jarak antar spesies dan hubungan kekerabatan genetik dari radiasi kelompok cecurut di Sulawesi terkendala oleh kerusakan habitat pada lokasi spesimen tipe, sejarah penamaan spesies yang hanya berdasarkan sampel yang sedikit, dan keterbatasan data molekuler dari spesimen tipe.
Clinical experience of craniospinal intensity-modulated spot-scanning proton therapy using large fields for central nervous system medulloblastomas and germ cell tumors in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Hashimoto Takayuki , Shimizu Shinichi , Takao Seishin , Terasaka Shunsuke , Iguchi Akihiro , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Mori Takashi , Yoshimura Takaaki , Matsuo Yuto , Tamura Masaya , Matsuura Taeko , Ito Yoichi M , Onimaru Rikiya , Shirato Hiroki 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The outcomes of intensity-modulated proton craniospinal irradiation (ipCSI) are unclear. We evaluated the clinical benefit of our newly developed ipCSI system that incorporates two gantry-mounted orthogonal online X-ray imagers with a robotic six-degrees-of-freedom patient table. Nine patients (7–19 years old) were treated with ipCSI. The prescribed dose for CSI ranged from 23.4 to 36.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 13–20 fractions. Four adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients (15 years or older) were treated with vertebral-body-sparing ipCSI (VBSipCSI). Myelosuppression following VBSipCSI was compared with that of eight AYA patients treated with photon CSI at the same institution previously. The mean homogeneity index (HI) in the nine patients was 0.056 (95% confidence interval: 0.044–0.068). The mean time from the start to the end of all beam delivery was 37 min 39 s ± 2 min 24 s (minimum to maximum: 22 min 49 s – 42 min 51 s). The nadir white blood cell, hemoglobin, and platelet levels during the 4 weeks following the end of the CSI were significantly higher in the VBSipCSI group than in the photon CSI group (P = 0.0071, 0.0453, 0.0024, respectively). The levels at 4 weeks after the end of CSI were significantly higher in the VBSipCSI group than in the photon CSI group (P = 0.0023, 0.0414, 0.0061). Image-guided ipCSI was deliverable in a reasonable time with sufficient HI. Using VBSipCSI, AYA patients experienced a lower incidence of serious acute hematological toxicity than AYA patients treated with photon CSI.
Affective Politics of Structural Adjustment: “Cruel Optimism” and Turhan Selçuk’s Cartoons in Turkey, 1983–1986
Authors: Zencirci Gizem 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article contributes to the social history of neoliberalism by analyzing the emotions, feelings, and sentiments through which Turkish people experienced the structural adjustment program of the 1980s. I argue that market reforms were experienced through a paradoxical entanglement of desire and disillusionment—an affective politics that Lauren Berlant defines as “cruel optimism.” This concept captures the ways in which neoliberalism generates a series of aspirations, longings, and yearnings that can never be fully achieved or satisfied but nevertheless pulls subjects toward an imagined future. I examine these collective feelings through a visual analysis of Kemalist intellectual Turhan Selçuk’s editorial cartoons that were published in the center-left newspaper Milliyet between 1983 and 1986. These editorial cartoons function in complex ways, providing relief through satire but also narrating the ways in which a sense of optimism encircled sentiments of anxiety, despair, and precarity. I identify three distinctive instances of cruel optimism in his work: first, the will to retain control over economic affairs despite the dominance of international organizations, second, the hope that trade liberalization shall bring prosperity amidst mounting class inequality, and third, the allure of consumption even when most of the population was unable to afford export commodities. Rather than demonstrating a clear temporal gap between the promise and demise of market reforms, the article reveals the coproduction of two oppositional affective registers and suggests that the fluctuation between willingness and reluctance is a constitutive element of neoliberal subjectivity.
Investigating the origin of the Fe emission lines of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 205
Authors: Laha Sibasish , Ghosh Ritesh , Tripathi Shruti , Guainazzi Matteo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
We have investigated the nature and origin of the Fe K emission lines in Mrk 205 using observations with Suzaku and XMM–Newton, aiming to resolve the ambiguity between a broad emission line and multiple unresolved lines of higher ionization. We detect the presence of a narrow Fe K α emission line along with a broad-band Compton reflection hump at energies $E\gt 10\rm \, \, {\rm keV}$. These are consistent with reflected emission of hard X-ray photons off a Compton-thick material of $N_{\rm H}\ge 2.15\times 10^{24}\rm \, \, {\rm cm^{-2}}$. In addition we detect a partially covering ionized absorption with ionization parameter $\log (\xi /\rm \, erg\, cm\, s^{-1})=1.9_{-0.5}^{+0.1}$, column density $N_{\rm H}=(5.6_{-1.9}^{+2.0})\times 10^{22}\rm \, \, {\rm cm^{-2}}$, and a covering factor of $0.22_{-0.06}^{+0.09}$. We detect the presence of emission arising out of ionized disc reflection contributing in the soft and hard X-rays consistently in all the observations. We however, could not definitely ascertain the presence of a relativistically broadened Fe line in the X-ray spectra. Using relativistic reflection models, we found that the data are unable to statistically distinguish between the scenarios when the supermassive black hole is non-rotating and when it is maximally spinning. Using the disc reflection model we also find that the accretion disc of the active galactic nucleus may be truncated at a distance 6RG &lt; R &lt; 12RG, which may suggest why there may not be any broad Fe line. The Eddington rate of the source is low (λEdd = 0.03), which points to an inefficient accretion, possibly due to a truncated disc.
Impacts of Nicotine and Flavoring on the Sensory Perception of E-Cigarette Aerosol
Authors: Pullicin Alexa J , Kim Hyoshin , Brinkman Marielle C , Buehler Stephanie S , Clark Pamela I , Lim Juyun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
To examine the interaction between an added flavoring (cherry) and nicotine on the perception of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosol and how this impacts the appeal of flavored liquids for e-cigarette (e-liquids).

Methods
A total of 19 subjects (13 male, 6 female) vaped six commercially available e-liquids with varying contents of nicotine (0, 6, 12 mg/mL) and cherry flavor (4.7% or 9.3% vol/vol). For each e-liquid, subjects first rated overall liking/disliking of the aerosol using the Labeled Hedonic Scale, followed by perceived intensities of sweetness, bitterness, harshness (irritation), and cherry flavor of the aerosol using the general version of Labeled Magnitude Scale.

Results
The main findings were that (1) added nicotine increased perceived irritation and bitterness, and decreased the perceived sweetness of the e-cigarette aerosol; (2) cherry flavoring added a characteristic “cherry flavor” and an increase in the flavoring concentration from 4.7% to 9.3% tended to increase perceived intensities of sweetness, harshness, and bitterness; and (3) hedonic ratings of the e-cigarette aerosol decreased as nicotine level increased, but were not affected by flavor level.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the appeal of the e-cigarette aerosol decreases as nicotine concentration increases. Conversely, perceived sweetness improved liking. An increase in the concentration of cherry flavoring did not appear to impact any of the measured attributes to a significant degree.

Implications
This work demonstrates that the perception of specific sensory attributes of e-cigarettes and their overall appeal are affected by the e-liquid constituents. Most significantly, the results suggest that nicotine decreases the sensory appeal of e-cigarettes by contributing to the perceived irritation and bitterness of the aerosol. These data have implications for the role that nicotine plays in the sensory perception and appeal of e-cigarettes aerosol and further how these sensory factors can be modulated by sweet flavoring.
Host Determinants of Infectiousness in Smear-Positive Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Acuña-Villaorduña Carlos , Ayakaka Irene , Schmidt-Castellani Luiz Guilherme , Mumbowa Francis , Marques-Rodrigues Patricia , Gaeddert Mary , White Laura F , Palaci Moises , Ellner Jerrold J , Dietze Reynaldo , Joloba Moses , Fennelly Kevin P , Jones-López Edward C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Epidemiologic data suggests that only a minority of tuberculosis (TB) patients are infectious. Cough aerosol sampling is a novel quantitative method to measure TB infectiousness.

Methods
We analyzed data from three studies conducted in Uganda and Brazil over a 13-year period. We included sputum acid fast bacilli (AFB) and culture positive pulmonary TB patients and used a cough aerosol sampling system (CASS) to measure the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cough-generated aerosols as a measure for infectiousness. Aerosol data was categorized as: aerosol negative (CFU = 0) and aerosol positive (CFU &gt; 0). Logistic regression models were built to identify factors associated with aerosol positivity.

Results
M. tuberculosis was isolated by culture from cough aerosols in 100/233 (43%) TB patients. In an unadjusted analysis, aerosol positivity was associated with fewer days of antituberculous therapy before CASS sampling (p = .0001), higher sputum AFB smear grade (p = .01), shorter days to positivity in liquid culture media (p = .02), and larger sputum volume (p = .03). In an adjusted analysis, only fewer days of TB treatment (OR 1.47 per 1 day of therapy, 95% CI 1.16-1.89; p = .001) was associated with aerosol positivity.

Conclusion
Cough generated aerosols containing viable M. tuberculosis, the infectious moiety in TB, are detected in a minority of TB patients and rapidly become non-culturable after initiation of antituberculous treatment. Mechanistic studies are needed to further elucidate these findings.
Communication of Recommendations for the Disposal of Unused Prescription Opioid Medications by Stakeholders in the News Media
Authors: Petrik Megan L , McNamara Patrick J , Moeschler Susan M , Blair Benjamin D 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
The opioid epidemic is a national public health emergency that requires a comprehensive approach to reduce opioid-related deaths. Proper and timely disposal of unused prescription opioids is one method to deter improper use of these medications and prevent overdose. The objective of this study was to understand how recommendations for disposing of unused prescription opioids, including both take-back programs and toilet disposal, are communicated to the public.

Methods
Two hundred sixty-three US newspaper articles published between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2017, containing information on opioids and take-back programs were found using LexisNexis. Using content analysis, articles were coded for the presentation of and recommendation for opioid disposal practices, beliefs about environmental harm from toilet disposal, and additional strategies to reduce opioid supply. The entity responsible for the statement was also captured.

Results
Take-back programs were presented as a recommended disposal strategy for unused prescription opioids in 88.6% of coded articles. Toilet disposal was presented as a recommended disposal strategy for unused prescription opioids in 3.4% of articles and as harmful to the environment in 16.0% of articles. Individuals from health care, government, and law enforcement were primarily involved in discussing opioid disposal practices.

Conclusions
Although toilet disposal is recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for disposal of unused prescription opioids when a take-back program is not readily available, it was infrequently presented or recommended in news media articles. These results highlight the importance of improving communication of FDA guidelines for opioid disposal in the media, particularly by health care providers, government employees, and law enforcement officials.
Law Enforcement and Social Media Usage: An Analysis of Engagement
Authors: Jeanis Michelle N , Muniz Caitlyn N , Molbert Courtney L 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSocial media use by law enforcement agencies has been on the rise in recent years. Given that engaging with the community online has shown significant impact for businesses, there is reason to believe that law enforcement agencies will also benefit from this type of media use. However, success with social media is contingent upon user engagement. Research on law enforcement agencies’ social media use is limited, and examinations of community engagement with law enforcement via social networking sites such as Facebook are non-existent. This study adds to the literature by examining user engagement with social media posts from a law enforcement agency in a large metropolis in Louisiana. Findings indicate that there are significant differences in engagement by the type, time, and content of the posts. Based on these findings, implications for practitioners and law enforcement agencies are discussed.
Borrowed Time and Solidarity: The Multi-Scalar Politics of Time and Gendered Care Work
Authors: Baines Donna , Daly Tamara 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Exploring long-term residential care (Ontario, Canada), we argue that within the context of late neoliberalism, care time is political, contested, and multi-scalar. Multi-scalar time captures the way that time commodifies, disciplines, and delimits workers’ experience of care, and fractures human relations and solidarities. Drawing on data from nonprofit nursing homes in Canada, the article explores how the larger policy context of care work shapes and hinders workers’ abilities to spend time caring and building relationships with residents, how workers negotiate care provision in austere environments, and how workers use borrowed time to de-commodify care and find spaces for solidarity.
An evidence-based network approach to recommending targeted cancer therapies
Authors: Kancherla Jayaram , Rao Shruti , Bhuvaneshwar Krithika , Riggins Rebecca B. , Beckman Robert A. , Madhavan Subha , Bravo Héctor Corrada , Boca Simina M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this work, we introduce CDGnet, an evidence-based network approach for recommending targeted cancer therapies, available as a user-friendly informatics tool. Our approach can be used to expand the range of options of targeted therapies for cancer patients who undergo molecular profiling. It considers biological pathway information specifically by looking at downstream targets of oncogenes and is personalized for individual patients via the user-inputted molecular alterations and cancer type. CDGnet integrates disparate sources of knowledge and provides results in a number of easily-accessible and usable forms, while separating targeted cancer therapies into categories in an evidence-based manner.
De novo transcriptome sequencing ofSerangium japonicum(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and application of two assembled unigenes
Authors: Hu Ya Hui , Liu Yong , Wei Lin , Chen Hao Tao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ladybird beetleSerangium japonicumis an important predator of whiteflies. Although some ecological and biological characteristics of this predator have been studied, the only molecular data for the ladybird beetle at the NCBI website has been submitted by us. To yield gene sequences of the ladybird beetle, paired-end sequencing was used to sequence its transcriptome. Real-time PCR was used to validate differences in the quantity of RNA expressed by theKrueppel homolog 1(Kr-h1) gene in summer versus winter samples. To find the effective molecular barcode, the annotated cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COX1) gene fragments were amplified from several ladybird beetle populations. Analysis yielded 191,246 assembled unigenes, of which 127,016 (66.4%) were annotated. The differential expression ofKr-h1in summer versus winter suggests thatS. japonicumcan successfully overwinter because the adults enter diapause. The annotatedCOX1gene can be used to distinguishS. japonicumfrom other ladybird species. These gene sequences are currently available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and will facilitate the study of molecular mechanism inS. japonicum.