bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Twin Bridging Intelligence Among Man, Machine and Environment
Authors: Poddar Tushar 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Digital transformation is increasingly getting imminent in every facet of our life and in our eco-system. Data driven Industry is becoming a house-hold word in the corporate sectors. In the low oil and gas price environment and sharp drop in the cost of installing renewable sources of energy Industry, It has become important and imperative to provide greater focus into stricter cost control in the CAPEX and OPEX of the offshore oil and gas assets/facilities joining the bandwagon of Industry – 4.0 revolution that aims to institutionalize the digital environment adopting emerging technologies such as wireless pervasive sensor, IoT, Big Data, Data Analytics, Machine Learning, Artificial intelligence etc. The Digital Twin is one such technologies that would help manning the Asset very effectively in almost all respects providing myriads of benefits. It was named one of Gartner's Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2017 (Reference –1).
Drag Reduction Using Microcavity on Flat Surface
Authors: Razzak M. A. , Akter S. , Aravind B. , Hannan M. A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This research focuses on the study of drag reduction under the application of microcavity on a 2D flat plate using Detach Eddy Simulation(DES). The study found a maximum of 39.34% reduction in shear stress for laminar flow and 35.4% for turbulent flow under the application of microcavity. A microcavity surface is usually defined as a surface textured with microscale holes. The fundamental phenomenon behind the reduction in shear stress for both laminar and turbulent flow may be comprehended to be due to the appearance of vortices inside the cavity which results in the instigation of a slip velocity at the interface of the vortices inside the cavity and the fluid flow. However, it has also been found that in comparison to smooth surface, the overall drag for the cavity surface is higher in the laminar flow regime and a maximum of 24.57% change in overall drag reduction is observed in the turbulent flow regime. The physical reason behind the appearance of a higher overall drag in the laminar flow regime could be because of the earlier appearance of flow separation. It is also observed in the turbulent flow regime, that the strength of turbulent fluctuations of the smooth surface is far stronger than that of the cavity wall thereby resulting in the reduction of shear stress, delay in the transition to turbulent flow and flow separation.
Hydrodynamic Study of Free Standing Drilling Risers under Typhoon Generated Swell
Authors: Yong H. Y. , Liew M. S. , Ovinis M. , Danyaro K. U. , Lim E. S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A Free Standing Drilling Riser (FSDR) is a modification to drilling risers that enables rapid disconnection in an event of a typhoon. Air cans were installed to keep the drilling riser standing upright at its original location whilst the drilling rig sails away to safety. This mechanism can be used during a typhoon event as pulling back the whole riser string is a time exhaustive procedure. Typhoon occurring from distant seas can generate strong long period swell. Despite numerous studies on FSDR mechanism, the effect of typhoon generated swell on FSDR have not been reported. The objective of this paper is to study the hydrodynamic response of the FSDR mechanism under typhoon generated swell. Four sensitivity analysis based on swell height, swell period, wind wave height and wind wave period were conducted in Orcaflex10.1c finite element modelling software. The results shown that FSDR mechanism were reliable under typhoon generated swell. With the increase in swell height and swell period, the FSDR hydrodynamic response (lateral displacement, bending moment and von Mises stresses) increases. Since the disconnected FSDR was located out of the wave impact zone, increase in wind wave height and period have little to no effect on the hydrodynamic response.
Large Diameter Hybrid Bit with Sharp and Dense Inserts Drills Hard Carbonate Formations with Exceptional ROP
Authors: Bone K. , Kerimofski R. , Gauld J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Carbonates are often drilled with aggressive drill bit features such as sharper PDC cutter chamfers and lower backrakes of the cutters. Bit aggressiveness features can produce higher penetration rates through hard carbonates, but the potential for increased wear can be detrimental over long intervals.
A field in the Timor Sea, offshore Northern Australia, has an 1800m surface hole interval where the chosen drill bit design must be capable of drilling a long carbonate section, prior to intercepting a hard, interbedded section. After this section, there is another long carbonate formation before casing point. Sustaining any slight cutter edge dulling can dramatically affect the penetration rate potential in the interbedded section, and the bit's ability to drill the post interbed section.
Hybrid technology in 17.5" hole size was recommended for this field during a 2014 drilling campaign due to its increased durability through interbeds as compared to conventional PDC technology. This durability was seen in offset fields in the region, and had resulted in performance advantages and time savings.
The new hybrid bit was used on the first well with success, drilling the interval in one run, as compared to the 2-3 bit runs seen on prior wells in the region when using conventional PDC and TCI technology. With learnings from this first well, a design change was implemented which saw the hybrid TCI cones employ a sparser wedge heel instead of ovoid heels. These modifications saw minimal change in performance on the later wells. From the 2014 campaign results, a recommendation was made to increase the insert heel aggressiveness. Development and improvement in insert carbide grades during 2015-2016 led to the capability and introduction of increased integrity and aggressiveness with conic geometry inserts introduced to hybrid TCI cutting structures. New hybrid designs with the sharper and higher density insert cutting structure were used in offset fields and showed strong performance improvements.
During the most recent 2017 drilling campaign, the sharp conics and dense insert cutting structure layout of the new Hybrid product line was applied in the Timor Sea and mirrored the performance advantages seen on offsets. A previous interval best time of 73.2hrs in 17.5" hole was reduced to just 37.7hrs with a sharp and dense hybrid design and to just 26.3 hours with a 16" hybrid utilising the new design features, reducing time taken to drill the interval by 50% and 65%.
This paper illustrates the design history, lessons learnt, and differences in insert geometry and how this contributed to the improvement in penetration rate in a challenging application.
Fatigue Evaluation of Super Duplex Stainless Steel after 17 Years of Service in a Dynamic Umbilical in the Åsgard Oil and Gas Field, Norway
Authors: Soerowidjojo Kukuh W. , Svedberg Daniel 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Super duplex stainless steel tubes in grade SAF2507 have long been used for umbilical application in deep water oil and gas subsea systems. One of the oldest subsea systems installed with super duplex stainless steel tube SAF2507 is at the Åsgard oilfield located in the Norwegian Sea about 200 km offshore of the north part of Norway (figure 1). The Åsgard field comprises of the Midgard, Smørbukk and Smørbukk South deposits, which were discovered in 1981, 1984 and 1985 respectively.
Corrosion evaluation of the tubes was presented at EUROCORR 2016, Montpellier, France, September 16th 2016 by Cathrine Holager, Materials Engineer (Aker Solutions) and authored by Karin van Thoor (Aker Solutions) and Sophia Ekman (Sandvik Materials Technology R&D) with the title of "Corrosion Assessment of the 17-year old Åsgard Smørbukk Umbilical".
In addition to the previous report, this following article will report on the investigation of the fatigue properties of the tubes in two sections of the umbilical tubing installed in this field. Samples were taken from different areas of the dynamic umbilical, i.e. the splash zone and the most dynamic zone, and evaluated by fatigue testing.
High frequency fatigue tests were performed on the samples and showed that fatigue properties did not differ significantly. The tests showed insignificant reduction in the fatigue strength of the tubes used both in the most dynamic part and splash zones. In addition, mechanical properties were evaluated to understand the effect of deformation history from fabrication, service life and sample preparation. No significant effect, besides a slight hardness increase compared to the delivery condition, was observed.
Effect of the Rotary Steerable System Steering Mechanism on Wellbore Tortuosity in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Alrushud Albaraa , Mohammad Muntasar , Oliveira Victor , Zahrani Bader 
Published: March 2018

This paper describes a new approach to evaluating the effectiveness of the rotary steerable system (RSS) steering mechanism on wellbore tortuosity in horizontal wells. Wellbore tortuosity in drilling applications is defined as any unwanted deviation from the planned well trajectory. As reservoir objectives become more complex and exact, operators increasingly perceive the wellbore tortuosity as a serious concern in the process of drilling, completing, and producing wells.
Strict criteria were set during the classification process; the studied wells have a common geology and trajectory, and they use a very similar bottomhole assembly (BHA) design. The inclination values from the wireline tool are used to illustrate the attainable benefits in terms of wellbore quality and measure wellbore tortuosity. In addition, the wireline inclination data are compared with the actual measurement-while-drilling (MWD) survey to highlight the existence of the micro-dogleg severity (DLS) that cannot be measured by standard surveys.
Due to the theoretical differences in the steering mechanism between the various types of RSS, it has been claimed that utilizing one steering mechanism over another can produce a less-tortuous wellbore. These steering mechanisms have previously been classified as either push-the-bit or point-the-bit mechanisms. The relative merits of a push-the-bit steering mechanism vs. a point-the-bit steering mechanism is an over-simplification; neither mechanism can deliver the premium wellbore quality the industry demands from RSS. The present study introduces the continuous proportional steering method (CPSM), and demonstrates how this mechanism can provide superior wellbore quality by reducing wellbore tortuosity. In addition, a superior inclination hold performance is observed in horizontal sections drilled with the CPSM. Curve intervals are more continuous and smoothly drilled through the planned directional changes.
The research becomes a useful reference to analyze the performance and efficiency of RSS steering mechanisms across drilling and workover operations. Directional drilling service companies are encouraged and challenged to improve the efficiency and accuracy of RSS mechanisms, improving the hole quality and reducing micro-doglegs.
4D Seismic Qualitative Interpretation for Water Injection Monitoring: Case Study in Southeast Asia
Authors: Danaei Shahram , Hermana Maman , Ghosh Deva Prasad 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
For many decades, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) scheme has been initiated to improve recovery factor for various oil and gas fields worldwide and Malaysian basins also are no exception. Monitoring reservoir during EOR schemes has become a priority for oil and gas companies operating in Malaysian basins. Monitoring reservoir has an incontrovertible part in reservoir management and field development planning. As a monitoring technique, 4D seismic method has proven its ability to surveil primary production of the oil and gas reservoirs. This technique has also been used to monitor the reservoirs under various phases of enhanced oil recovery schemes.
4D seismic reservoir surveillance provides a sizable coverage over reservoirs which makes it possible to depict reservoir fluids movement. This advantage and also its ability to capture acoustic contrasts between various reservoir fluids have made the 4D seismic as a widespread technique for monitoring purposes. 4D seismic reservoir surveillance has been implemented for a field located in Malaysian basins. The first seismic survey has been shot in 1995 prior to production and injection activities. In 2000, production started from reservoir I-X in the field and water injection scheme also commenced exactly in the same year. Field asset team including geoscientists and engineers faced with early water production for a producer well; therefore, they decided to run another seismic survey in 2006.
Time-lapse seismic data analysis has been performed based on the qualitative interpretation of 4D seismic data. The analysis has been done separately for both seismic surveys and also on seismic differences of monitor minus the baseline. This analysis has been done on amplitude for both seismic surveys and also on 4D amplitude values. In addition, 4D seismic attributes have been used to monitor the reservoir and depict the movement of injected water. 4D Phase shift (−90°), and 4D acoustic inversion complement the injected water monitoring.
The results for various time-lapse seismic attributes are similar which indicate the expansion of injected water from injector wells after six years of aggressive water injection scheme. This expansion seems almost uniform for the five downdip injector wells; however, uneven pattern in water distribution for updip injector well proves the inefficient oil sweep for that region. Remaining oil area has been determined based on the analysis of 4D seismic attributes. The early water breakthrough for a producer well has been contributed to a channel between the well pairs (Injector and producer).
Application of Neural Network in Formation Failure Model to Predict Sand Production
Authors: Ketmalee T. , Bandyopadhyay P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Sand management is one of the key component of Bongkot production processes. Current sand production prediction is based on a model which requires sonic and density logs for all the wells. However, a combination of complex well architecture and focus on reducing well cost resulted in many wells not having acquired these important logs. This project has implemented new technique of "Artificial Neural Network" to solve this problem. Using this method, synthetic logs are generated to obtain the values of missing sonic and density data. These data are then used in the existing sand models to predict sand production potential.
This project was evaluated with three field cases. The sand failure predictions based on synthetic rock properties matched with actual sand production. Therefore, the sand prediction workflow has been updated to include log synthetic if acroustic or density log are missing.
Wind Turbine Hybrid - Future Small Power Generation for Small Field
Authors: Hamdan Ir M Faizal , Yasir Ir M Faudzi , Kamal Ir A Fadzil M 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Geographic location provides an advantage on solar, however the climate effects the efficiency of solar across one year. Monsoon session of average 3 – 4 months in a year, with heavy rain through out Sept till Dec continue to 1 – 2 months early of the years, effect the efficiency of PV system. However, within this season, it is observed that wind has a potential as energy source for wind turbine. Prove ofconcept provide some promising early data of potential utilization of wind turbine.
Solar energy and wind data gathering is crucial to size the maximum potential generation of alternative anergy. Based on the meteorological data, Malaysia wind record in average of 3m/swhichis near to impossible to generate wind energy. Turbine technology advancement exploit into smallpower machine generating power at minimum wind speed, producing power in the range of 3 – 5 kW. While solar identified and static technology, hybrid with wind would be the best solutions to overcome climatic change at offshore.
POC data indicates solar-wind energy generation ratio would be at70:30. However, special circuit system to hybrid solar and wind shall be developed and the initial design has been proven for hybrid system. Based on optimum generation system hybrid power wind solar would provides the generation capacity in the range of 3 – 6 kW, suitable and sufficient for typical small field development. The load enough to supply to instrument SCADA and field instrument system and communication. Proven system currently can be replicated to other selected small field development.
The wind turbine solar hybrid provides alternative generation which currently install in small field such TEG or Micro-turbine or CCVT. Combining both static technology and rotating machine provide high efficiency and reliable green technology for small filed development.
Applications of a Multizone Single-Trip Gravel-Pack System in Developing a Shallow-Gas Field, Indonesia: Case History
Authors: Muryanto B. H. , Fransiskus W. , Wijaya R. , Styward B. , Ji Y. , Albertson E. , Sudirgo A. W. , Hutahaean A. , Widyastuti A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Multizone single-trip gravel-pack (MZ-STGP) completion systems not only save rig time to complete wells with long multilayer intervals but can significantly reduce capital and operational expenditures by standardizing completion design and simplifying operation complexity. It can also help improve quality, health, safety, and environment (QHSE) performance for a long-term project development.
This paper discusses a case history of an operator in Indonesia developing a major offshore field primarily with MZ-STGP completion systems to produce marginal reservoirs. A MZ-STGP system was selected to reduce multizone gravel-packing operation time as compared to conventional stacked-pack systems. The main focus was to standardize completion design and help improve system reliability and operational efficiency, which is associated with both logistic preparation and field execution. Despite exploring cost-effective solutions, operational safety—including well control, particularly for developing a shallow-gas field—was the number one priority, as usual. A new concept type of safe running system was developed and implemented as part of a field operation standard to help ensure a safe and efficient operation.
Based on MZ-STGP system trial results and lessons learned during the early stage, a standard MZ-STGP completion instruction was approved and applied as a guideline to standardize completion operation and identify and mitigate potential operational risks quickly to improve safety, performance, and efficiency. By understanding the principle of MZ-STGP system limitations, the system-working envelope was expanded and refined without jeopardizing system reliability and performance.
With more than 170 wells with MZ-STGP installation and more than 650 zones gravel packed in a 12-year time span, a case history review provides an opportunity to share lessons learned and fundamental success factors and explore the future of this technology.
Deepwater Extended Reach Well Planning through Depleted Reservoirs
Authors: Shi Beng-Hooi , Koh Jennifer , Liew Dexter , Chio Guat-Lee 
Published: March 2018

The field is operated by Shell Malaysia and is the company's first deepwater asset in Malaysia. The first phase development was delivered by 2014. The planned Phase 2 campaign aims to maintain the oil production plateau. One of the campaign objectives is to produce from the deepest untapped reservoir. However, due to the depleted nature of all 3 reservoirs located above the untapped reservoir, there is a need to drill through these depleted intervals with extremely narrow drilling margin window (less than 0.5 ppg). An added complexity is the location of the reservoir which is situated directly below the hydrates bulge of the field. Due to hyrdrates disassociation concerns by producing through the hyrdate layer, the current surface location of the well is situated 3km away from the reservoir adding ERD drilling challenges to an already complex well. Lastly, geomechanical analysis indicate that the relatively high mud weight required to maintain borehole stability in the shale intervals results in a negative margin scenario between the Stabor mudweight and the fracture gradient.
To address the challenges of this well, an integrated approach between various disciplines such as Wells, Subsurface, Well, Reservois and Facilities Management (WRFM), and Subsea is a critical success factor. Every discipline plays an integral role to increase the probability of success. Some of the project enablers ongoing efforts include:
Geomechanic assessment on representative fracture gradient with lower depletion constant to widen the drilling window, leveraging the learning from UK and Gulf of Mexico (GOM) experience and borehole stability subject matter expert (SME) network.
Wells assessment on technologies in Managed Pressure Drilling and stress caging with optimisation in well trajectory and casing design.
Collaboration between Subsea, Subsurface and Wells on geohazard assessment to move subsea top-hole location to avoid potential geohazards that adds complexity to the well.
The project is going through the detailed design phase until the end of 2018. The results of the Detailed design phase will be shared during the conference.
Alternative Fiber Optic Post-Installation by ROV on Fixed Platform Jacket Leg
Authors: Danthainum Athip , Chattratichart Tanasit , Katanyoowongcharoen Somkiat , Kongchang Adisak , Thavornsuk Thasaphich , Sriparagul Jirapol , Kosanunt Pong 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Nowadays, there are many fixed platforms installed offshore without fiber optic cable planned. The communication is via satellite where efficiency is limited and does not satisfy modern data management technology i.e. online monitoring system. Upgrading the communication system, Fiber optic cable is required andcan be installed by pulling through pre-install tube provided on the platform. However, not many platforms installed in 19th century came with pre-install utility tube (J-tube or I-tube). Post-install tube attached to the platform is conventional method but it involves with many offshore resources and man-power for the installation such as barge with high-boom crane, support vessels, saturation diving support vessel, etc.,consequently high costcannot avoid. Another alternative installation method to install fiber optic cable only by Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) was developed for effective cost reduction.
This paper presents an alternative to replace conventional approach where J-tube of I-tube is conventionally installed to provide support to fiber optic cable installed on fixed platform structure. The paper provides innovative knowledge how to develop the ROV friendly tools from design to offshore installation.