bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balance of Go1α and Go2α expression regulates motor function via the striatal dopaminergic system
Authors: Baron Jens , Bilbao Ainhoa , Hörtnagl Heide , Birnbaumer Lutz , Leixner Sarah , Spanagel Rainer , Ahnert‐Hilger Gudrun , Brunk Irene 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe heterotrimeric G‐protein Go with its splice variants, Go1α and Go2α, seems to be involved in the regulation of motor function but isoform‐specific effects are still unclear. We found that Go1α‐/‐ knockouts performed worse on the rota‐rod than Go2α‐/‐ and wild‐type (WT) mice. In Go1+2α‐/‐ mice motor function was partially recovered. Furthermore, Go1+2α‐/‐ mice showed an increased spontaneous motor activity. Compared to wild types or Go2α‐/‐ mice, Go1+2α‐/‐ mice developed increased behavioural sensitization following repetitive cocaine treatment, but failed to develop conditioned place preference. Analysis of dopamine concentration and expression of D1 and D2 receptors unravelled splice‐variant‐specific imbalances in the striatal dopaminergic system: In Go1α‐/‐ mice dopamine concentration and vesicular monoamine uptake were increased compared to wild types. The expression of the D2 receptor was higher in Go1α‐/‐ compared to wild type littermates, but unchanged in Go2α‐/‐ mice. Deletion of both Go1α and Go2α re‐established both dopamine and D2 receptor levels comparable to those in the wild‐type. Cocaine treatment had no effect on the ratio of D1 receptor to D2 receptor in Go1+2α‐/‐ mutants, but decreased this ratio in Go2α‐/‐ mice. Finally, we observed that the deletion of Go1α led to a threefold higher striatal expression of Go2α. Taken together our data suggest that a balance in the expression of Go1α and Go2α sustains normal motor function. Deletion of either splice variant results in divergent behavioural and molecular alterations in the striatal dopaminergic system. Deletion of both splice variants partially restores the behavioural and molecular changes.Open PracticesOpen Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge.For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/
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Postincident Support for Healthcare Workers Experiencing Occupational Violence and Aggression
Authors: Shea Tracey , Cooper Brian , De Cieri Helen , Sheehan Cathy , Donohue Ross , Lindsay Sarah 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the relative contributions of workplace type, occupational violence and aggression (OVA) strategies and interventions along with perceptions of the occupational health and safety (OHS) environment on the likelihood of receiving postincident support following the experience of OVA.DesignWe used a cross‐sectional study design with an online survey to collect data from employees in nursing and midwifery in Victoria, Australia.MethodsSurvey data collected from 3,072 members of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (Victorian branch) were analyzed using logistic regression.FindingsOf the 3,072 respondents who had experienced OVA in the preceding 12 months, 1,287 (42%) reported that they had received postincident support. Hierarchical logistic regression revealed that the OHS environment was the dominant factor that predicted the likelihood of workers receiving postincident support. Working in a positive OHS environment characterized by higher levels of leading indicators of OHS, prioritization of OHS, supervisor support for safety, and team psychological safety was the stronger predictor of postincident support. Being employed in a workplace that offered training in the management and prevention of OVA also increased the likelihood of receiving postincident support.ConclusionsWhile training in the management and prevention of OVA contributed to the likelihood of receiving postincident support, a greater emphasis on the OHS environment was more important in predicting the likelihood that workers received support.Clinical RelevanceThis study identifies workplace practices that facilitate the provision of postincident support for healthcare workers. Facilitating effective postincident support could improve outcomes for workers, their patients and workplaces, and society in general.
Ring compression suture for controlling post‐partum hemorrhage during cesarean section
Authors: Li Guang‐Tai , Li Xiao‐Fan , Zhang Yun‐He , Si Yue , Li Guang‐Rui , Xu Hong‐Mei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo avoid complications associated with uterine compression sutures, we devised a ring compression suture (RCS).MethodsThe RCS was performed on 12 patients with post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH) during cesarean section. The suture was inserted 0.5 cm below the attachment point of the uterosacral ligament into the uterine cavity and pushed downward through the cervical canal into the vagina. The other end of the stitch was threaded through the lower abdominal wall, from the inside of the abdomen cavity to the outside of the abdominal wall, emerging at the external surface of the lower abdomen 2 cm lateral to the ventral median line and 1 cm above the symphysis pubis. Then, the two ends of the suture (the end in the vagina had been pulled out in advance) were tied tightly on the pudendum. The same stitch was repeated on the contralateral side. After 48 h postoperatively, the suture was removed through the vagina under sterilization.ResultsAll 12 women with PPH who underwent RCS achieved hemostasis, and complications related to RCS were not seen. Two of them had successful pregnancies postoperatively. The remaining women had no desire for a further pregnancy.ConclusionThe procedure can be used as an alternative to peripartum hysterectomy and also as a prophylactic application in PPH.
Muscle hardness and masticatory myofascial pain: Assessment and clinical relevance
Authors: Costa Y. M. , Ariji Y. , Ferreira D. M. A. O. , Bonjardim L. R. , Conti P. C. R. , Ariji E. , Svensson P. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe impression of increased muscle hardness in painful muscles is commonly reported in the clinical practice but may be difficult to assess. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present and discuss relevant aspects regarding the assessment of muscle hardness and its association with myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. A non‐systematic search for studies of muscle hardness assessment in patients with pain‐related TMDs was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Google Scholar. Mechanical devices and ultrasound imaging (strain and shear wave elastography) have been consistently used to measure masticatory muscle hardness, although an undisputable reference standard is yet to be determined. Strain elastography has identified greater masseter hardness of the symptomatic side in patients with unilateral myofascial TMD pain when compared to the contralateral side and healthy controls (HC). Likewise, shear wave elastography has shown greater masseter elasticity modulus in patients with myofascial TMD pain when compared to HC, which may be an indication of muscle hardness. Although assessment bias could partly explain these preliminary findings, future randomised controlled trials are encouraged to investigate this relationship. This qualitative review indicates that the muscle hardness of masticatory muscles is still a rather unexplored field of investigation with a good potential to improve the assessment and potentially also the management of myofascial TMD pain. Nonetheless, the current evidence in favour of increased hardness in masticatory muscles in patients with myofascial TMD pain is weak, and the pathophysiological importance and clinical usefulness of such information remain unclear.
Christian Identification and Self‐Reported Depression: Evidence from China
Authors: Hu Anning , Yang Xiaozhao Yousef , Luo Weixiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe nexus between religion and mental health in the East has been understudied, where the coexistence of multiple religions calls for scholarly attention to religious identification. This article investigates the impact on self‐reported depression of an individual's identification with Christianity in a non‐Judeo‐Christian and religion‐regulating social setting. Taking advantage of the Chinese General Social Survey 2010, our empirical analyses suggest that people who explicitly identify with Christianity report a significantly higher level of depression compared with both religious nones and self‐claimed Buddhists. In contrast, there is no significant difference in self‐reported depression between religious nones and self‐identified Buddhists. This study supplements current literature on the connection between religious affiliation and mental health with a particular interest in East Asia, suggesting that the consequence on mental health of religious identification is contingent on a religion's social status, and a religion's marginal position may turn religious identification into a detrimental psychological burden.
Religion and Infant Mortality in the United States: A Community‐Level Investigation of Denominational Variations in Postneonatal Deaths
Authors: Garcia Ginny E. , Bartkowski John P. , Xu Xiaohe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough a growing body of research has detected the effects of community‐level religiosity on various health outcomes, very little scholarship has examined the influence of religious ecology on infant mortality rates (IMRs). We conduct ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses on postneonatal IMRs (PNIMRs) using county‐level data from the National Center for Health Statistics Linked Birth and Infant Death Data (1990, 2000, and 2006–2010), churches and church membership data, and the Area Health Resource File. We find that while overall rates of postneonatal deaths have decreased over time, the effects of religion on this outcome have become more pronounced. Specifically, we find that counties with greater proportions of mainline Protestant and Catholic adherents exhibit significantly lower PNIMRs. We further find that a greater proportion of conservative Protestants, and especially fundamentalists, increases postneonatal infant mortality. Our findings lend additional support to cultural explanations of U.S. infant mortality.
Vulnerability Mitigation of Multiple Spatially Localized Attacks on Critical Infrastructure Systems
Authors: Ouyang Min , Tao Feipeng , Huang Shitong , Xu Min , Zhang Chi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecently, many studies have analyzed critical infrastructure vulnerability under spatially localized attack (SLA), which is modeled as the failure of a set of infrastructure components, distributed in a spatially localized area, due to malicious attacks, while other components outside of the area do not directly fail. However, existing studies have only considered one single attack area, and multiple SLAs (MSLAs) with more than one attack area have been seldom investigated. This article addresses this issue and studies vulnerability mitigation of critical infrastructure systems (CISs) against the worst‐case MSLAs. The problem is mathematically formulated as a tri‐level defender‐attacker‐defender model, the exact solution of which is solved by a proposed decomposition algorithm. Case studies on the adapted IEEE 24 bus system and the power transmission systems in Shelby County and Harris County, U.S., indicate that (1) system vulnerability under 2*M localized attack areas might be much larger than two times of the vulnerability under M localized attack areas; (2) small preevent defense investment might mitigate the worst‐case vulnerability by more than 40%; and (3) MSLAs might cause larger vulnerability than nonproximity‐based malicious attacks.
Musical and verbal short‐term memory: insights from neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders
Authors: Caclin Anne , Tillmann Barbara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAuditory short‐term memory (STM) is a fundamental ability to make sense of auditory information as it unfolds over time. Whether separate STM systems exist for different types of auditory information (music and speech, in particular) is a matter of debate. The present paper reviews studies that have investigated both musical and verbal STM in healthy individuals and in participants with neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. Overall, the results are in favor of only partly shared networks for musical and verbal STM. Evidence for a distinction in STM for the two materials stems from (1) behavioral studies in healthy participants, in particular from the comparison between nonmusicians and musicians; (2) behavioral studies in congenital amusia, where a selective pitch STM deficit is observed; and (3) studies in brain‐damaged patients with cases of double dissociation. In this review we highlight the need for future studies comparing STM for the same perceptual dimension (e.g., pitch) in different materials (e.g., music and speech), as well as for studies aiming at a more insightful characterization of shared and distinct mechanisms for speech and music in the different components of STM, namely encoding, retention, and retrieval.
Left atrial thrombus two years after placement of a left atrial appendage closure device: Unexplored area of the Watchman
Authors: Yoo David H , Clark Brian , Nguyen Daniel , Dickfeld Timm‐Michael , Zohlman Andrew S , Wang Libin , See Vincent Y 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA 72‐year‐old man who underwent a left atrial appendage (LAA) closure device 2 years ago presented with atrial flutter with rapid ventricular rate and was referred for cardioversion. Precardioversion transesophageal echocardiogram showed left atrial thrombus and therefore the procedure was aborted. Currently, there is no guideline on imaging surveillance or anticoagulation in patients with LAA closure device who develop intracardiac thrombus after the initial 6‐month surveillance period.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata): Genetics, genomics and breeding
Authors: Boukar Ousmane , Belko Nouhoun , Chamarthi Siva , Togola Abou , Batieno Joseph , Owusu Emmanuel , Haruna Mohammed , Diallo Sory , Umar Muhammed Lawan , Olufajo Olusoji , Fatokun Christian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), is an important grain legume grown in the tropics where it constitutes a valuable source of protein in the diets of millions of people. Some abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect its productivity. A review of the genetics, genomics and breeding of cowpea is presented in this article. Cowpea breeding programmes have studied intensively qualitative and quantitative genetics of the crop to better enhance its improvement. A number of initiatives including Tropical Legumes projects have contributed to the development of cowpea genomic resources. Recent progress in the development of consensus genetic map containing 37,372 SNPs mapped to 3,280 bins will strengthen cowpea trait discovery pipeline. Several informative markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to desirable attributes of cowpea were generated. Cowpea genetic improvement activities aim at the development of drought tolerant, phosphorus use efficient, bacterial blight and virus resistant lines through exploiting available genetic resources as well as deployment of modern breeding tools that will enhance genetic gain when grown by sub‐Saharan Africa farmers.
Participatory farmers’ selection of common bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under different production constraints
Authors: Bruno Awio , Katungi Enid , Stanley Nkalubo T. , Clare Mukankusi , Maxwell Malinga G. , Paul Gibson , Patrick Rubaihayo , Richard Edema 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOn‐farm evaluation of 15 common bean varieties was undertaken with nine farmer groups under two fertilizer applications levels in four subcounties of Hoima and Rakai districts for two seasons to select farmers’ desired and undesired varieties. Farmers’ votes for acceptance and rejection of varieties at podding stage were converted to a preference index, and analysis of variance was conducted to examine differences in farmers’ preference indices among subcounties and combined across subcounties, seasons, management and gender. Management had no‐significant influence on the way farmers selected varieties in the subcounties. Choice of varieties varied significantly (p ≤ .001) between seasons and gender in the different subcounties. Variety Masindi Yellow Long and Farmers’ seed (Kaduli), and the introduced KATB1 were accepted by farmers due to their medium seed size, desired seed colour and potential of varietal adaptability to their farm conditions. Varieties NABE2, ROBA1 and RWR719 were deselected due to possession of traits less desired in the market. These results demonstrate the need for breeding programmes to involve diverse stakeholders in capturing the diverse traits preferences in varietal development process.
The interplay between cytokinins and light during senescence in detached Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Janečková Helena , Husičková Alexandra , Ferretti Ursula , Prčina Maroš , Pilařová Eva , Plačková Lenka , Pospíšil Pavel , Doležal Karel , Špundová Martina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLight and cytokinins are known to be the key players in the regulation of plant senescence. In detached leaves, the retarding effect of light on senescence is well described; however, it is not clear to what extent is this effect connected with changes in endogenous cytokinin levels. We have performed a detailed analysis of changes in endogenous content of 29 cytokinin forms in detached leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (wild‐type and 3 cytokinin receptor double mutants). Leaves were kept under different light conditions, and changes in cytokinin content were correlated with changes in chlorophyll content, efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry, and lipid peroxidation. In leaves kept in darkness, we have observed decreased content of the most abundant cytokinin free bases and ribosides, but the content of cis‐zeatin increased, which indicates the role of this cytokinin in the maintenance of basal leaf viability. Our findings underscore the importance of light conditions on the content of specific cytokinins, especially N6‐(Δ2‐isopentenyl)adenine. On the basis of our results, we present a scheme summarizing the contribution of the main active forms of cytokinins, cytokinin receptors, and light to senescence regulation. We conclude that light can compensate the disrupted cytokinin signalling in detached leaves.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric intestinal transplant recipients: A literature review
Authors: Stanley Kaitlin , Friehling Erika , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Mazariegos George , McAllister‐Lucas Linda M. , Sindhi Rakesh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntestinal transplantation is a successful treatment for children with intestinal failure, but has many potential complications. PTLD, a clinically and histologically diverse malignancy, occurs frequently after intestinal transplantation and can be fatal. The management of this disease is particularly challenging. The rejection‐prone intestinal allograft requires high levels of immunosuppression, a precondition for PTLD. While EBV infection clearly plays a role in disease pathogenesis, the relatively naïve immune system of children is another likely contributor. As a result, pediatric intestine recipients have a higher risk of developing PTLD than other solid organ recipients. Other risk factors for disease development such as molecular and genomic changes that precipitate malignant transformation are not fully understood, especially among children. Studies on adults have started to describe the molecular pathogenesis of PTLD, but the genomic landscape of the malignancy remains largely undefined in pediatric intestinal transplant patients. In this review, we describe what is known about PTLD in pediatric patients after intestinal transplant and highlight current knowledge gaps to better direct future investigations in the pediatric population.
Extracellular vesicles induce protective immunity against Trichuris muris
Authors: Shears R. K. , Bancroft A. J. , Hughes G. W. , Grencis R. K. , Thornton D. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGastrointestinal nematodes, such as Trichuris trichiura (human whipworm), are a major source of morbidity in humans and their livestock. There is a paucity of commercially available vaccines against these parasites, and vaccine development for T. trichiura has been impeded by a lack of known host protective antigens. Experimental vaccinations with T. muris (murine whipworm) soluble Excretory/Secretory (ES) material have demonstrated that it is possible to induce protective immunity in mice; however, the potential for extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a source of antigenic material has remained relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that EVs isolated from T. muris ES can induce protective immunity in mice when administered as a vaccine without adjuvant and show that the protective properties of these EVs are dependent on intact vesicles. We also identified several proteins within EV preparations that are targeted by the host antibodies following vaccination and subsequent infection with T. muris. Many of these proteins, including VWD and vitellogenin N and DUF1943‐domain‐containing protein, vacuolar protein sorting‐associated protein 52 and TSP‐1 domain‐containing protein, were detected in both soluble ES and EV samples and have homologues in other parasites of medical and veterinary importance, and as such are possible protective antigens.
Estimating the variance in a pseudo‐observation scheme with competing risks
Authors: Overgaard Morten , Parner Erik Thorlund , Pedersen Jan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Huber–White sandwich variance estimator of the variance of estimates from a regression using jack‐knife pseudo‐observations from the Aalen–Johansen estimator in a competing risks situation is known to be biased. In this paper, an expression of the asymptotic bias of the Huber–White variance estimator is found, and the Huber–White variance estimator is seen to be biased upwards. An alternative variance estimator, obtained by plugging in empirical values in the true variance expression, is studied by simulation, and its performance is compared with the performance of the biased Huber–White variance estimator. On the basis of the simulation study, recommendations of its use are given. The alternative variance estimator works well in large samples but, because it estimates the asymptotic variance, may be less useful on small samples.
Nonparametric inference for functional‐on‐scalar linear models applied to knee kinematic hop data after injury of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Abramowicz Konrad , Häger Charlotte K. , Pini Alessia , Schelin Lina , Sjöstedt de Luna Sara , Vantini Simone 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMotivated by the analysis of the dependence of knee movement patterns during functional tasks on subject‐specific covariates, we introduce a distribution‐free procedure for testing a functional‐on‐scalar linear model with fixed effects. The procedure does not only test the global hypothesis on the entire domain but also selects the intervals where statistically significant effects are detected. We prove that the proposed tests are provided with an asymptotic control of the intervalwise error rate, that is, the probability of falsely rejecting any interval of true null hypotheses. The procedure is applied to one‐leg hop data from a study on anterior cruciate ligament injury. We compare knee kinematics of three groups of individuals (two injured groups with different treatments and one group of healthy controls), taking individual‐specific covariates into account.