bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Instrumented Triaxial Cell for Cyclic Loading of Clays
Authors: Brown SF , Austin G , Overy RF 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The various features of a novel triaxial cell for research work involving the consolidation and testing of clays under cyclic or static loading are described. Instrumentation is included for the accurate measurement of axial and radial deformations directly on the sample during both consolidation and subsequent cyclic loading. Stiff, sensitive systems have been designed to obtain pore pressure measurements both at the base and near the center of the test specimen. A novel load cell is built in to the loading ram for determination of deviator stress, and a pressure transducer monitors confining stress. Special fittings have been devised to provide long-term lubrication of loading platens. A servo-system permits consolidation under zero radial strain conditions.
Veleszületett csírahiánnyal társuló skeletalis eltérések vizsgálata
Authors: Mártha I. Krisztina , Cămărășan Alina , Pop Silvia Izabella , Kerekes Máthé Bernadette 
Published: February 2019

Abstract: Introduction: The incidence of congenital hypodontia is increasing in daily practice. Early diagnosis of this dental disorder and the associated skeletal malocclusions is crucial for successful and stable final rehabilitation. Aim: Comparison of cephalometric findings of patients with hypodontia of 1–4 teeth with the measurement results of the control group without teeth agenesis. Material and method: We evaluated the lateral X-ray of 41 patients with 1–4 teeth agenesis selected from patients referred for orthodontic treatment to the Orthodontic Department of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Târgu Mureş within a two-year period. The results were compared with the values of the age and sex matched control group. Results: Bilateral upper incisor and lower bicuspid were missing in most of the hypodontia cases. When looking at the NSGn angle predicting the growth direction of the mandible, statistically significant differences were found between the male (p = 0.012), the front (p = 0.010) and the hypodontia group (p = 0.024) and the control group. Regarding the ANB angle, which shows the sagittal position of the maxilla to the mandible, statistically significant differences were found between the subgroups (women, men, anterior or posterior hypodontia) and the control group. Conclusion: Larger number of skeletal class 3 and vertical hypodivergent tendency were observed in the hypodontia group. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(6): 214–219.
Lépéskényszerben – új feladatok az életveszélyes perioperatív vérzések ellátásában
Authors: Babik Barna , Fazakas János , Matusovits Andrea , Fülesdi Béla 
Published: February 2019

Abstract: Severe perioperative bleeding increases perioperative morbidity and mortality. The management of the consequences imposes high burden on the human and financial resources of healthcare providers. Since 2009, there has been a continued worldwide decline in demand for allogenic blood products. This tendency can mainly be attributed to Perioperative Blood Management Program and to new innovative management applying haemostatic factor concentrates, viscoelastic assays and guidelines for treatment of the severe periprocedural bleeding patients. One of the major challenges of our times is still to match blood supply with demand. The new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for managing the bleeding patients require new financial resources on the one hand and, on the other hand, call for redistribution of the material means provided by the health care system. Achieving interoperability between financial resources allocated to allogenic blood products and factor concentrates, the current state-of-the-art approach for managing the bleeding patient can be used to save blood and the lives of patients simultaneously. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(6): 203–213.
Beyond Productivity
Authors: Mendoza-Guerra José María 
Published: February 2019

As it is well known, by examining the two most important competitive scales, we find that Colombia has been placed in the middle for a long period of time, according to the position achieved in each ranking. Besides, the country’s growth rates have depended more on the price fluctuations of commodities rather than on the direction of the economy for generating value in the market. These two factors have existed for a long period of time, so it can be said that the phenomenon of under competitivity, and therefore of under growth, is a structural one. The overall sensation is that Colombia has not been able to move forward on this matter.
As it is obvious, this situation becomes commonplace and the population starts to worry about what is happening: the fact that we simply are an average country from the competitive point of view. As an answer, economic and business people and concerning entities within the country have proposed the need to increase productivity, echoing those voices that have underlined this variable as a key element in today’s world economy. But a question must really be asked: Is productivity enough? This means, If we aim towards an increase in productivity, can we overcome the competitivity problem?
EVLİLİKTE BAĞIŞLAMA ÖLÇEĞİ-OLAY: TÜRKÇE’YE UYARLAMA, GEÇERLİK ve GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: DURMUŞ Emine , MANAP Abdullah 
Published: February 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Fincham, Beach &amp; Davila tarafından 2004
yılında geliştirilen Evlilikte Bağışlama Ölçeği-Olay “Marital Forgiveness
Scale-Event”ın Türkçe formunun evli bireylerde kullanılmak
üzere psikometrik özelliklerinin sınanmasıdır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 18-64
yaşları arasındaki 521 evli birey oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin Türkçe formu istatistiksel analizler
kullanılarak, faktör yapısı, ölçüt geçerliği, iç tutarlılığı, madde analizi
(düzeltilmiş madde-toplam korelasyonu, alt %27-üst %27 t testi) açısından
değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre ölçek orjinalinde olduğu gibi 9
maddelik bir yapıya sahiptir. Ayrıca ortak faktör varyansının .55 ile .76
arasında değiştiği, Kaiser Meyer Olkin sonucunun .782 olduğu, doğrulayıcı
faktör analizi sonuçlarının mükemmel ve kabul edilebilir seviyelerde olduğu
saptanmıştır. Bu araştırma, Evlilikte Bağışlama Ölçeği-Olay’ın yurtiçinde
uygulanabilir psikometrik özellikler taşıdığını ve evli bireylerde bağışlama
düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla kullanılabilir olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Algorithm of molecular genetic investigation to identify hereditary <i>BRCA</i>-associated breast cancer
Authors: Snigireva G. P. , Rumyantseva V. A. , Novikova E. I. , Novitskaya N. N. , Telysheva E. N. , Khazins E. D. , Shaikhaev E. G. 
Published: February 2019

Background: About 30% of cases of hereditary breast cancer (BC) are associated with the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. The absence of the programs of mandatory genetic screening for hereditary BRCA-associated BC in Russia, as well as of an algorithm for molecular genetic testing does not allow fully accomplishing the necessary preventive, diagnostic and medical measures.Aim: To elaborate an algorithm for molecular genetic testing of BC patients in order to improve the efficacy of identification of the hereditary nature of the disease.Materials and methods: The study is based on the analysis of the results of molecular genetic testing of 3826 BC patients aged from 22 to 90 years, who were examined and treated in the Russian Research Center of Roentgenoradiology (Moscow) from 2010 to 2016. At the first stage of the study, germinal mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes prevalent in the Russian population were identified by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At the second stage, we searched for rare genetic variants of these genes by the ‘next generation sequencing’ (NGS) method.Results: The real-time PCR (the first stage) showed that the prevalence of the most typical for the Russian population mutations in the BRCA1 gene, associated with BC risk, was 3.5% (132/3826 BC patients). No carriers of the BRCA2 mutations were identified. Based on the analysis of a questionnaire survey and primary medical documentation, a group of 717 patients was selected from the total cohort, who had clinical features of the hereditary disease (CFHD). In this group, the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations were found in 126 patients (17.6%). At the second stage, a group of 193 patients with CFHD and no BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations prevalent in the Russian population was investigated by NGS. Rare pathogenic mutations of these genes were found in 27 patients (14%). In total, it may be concluded that at least 30% of the BC patients with CFHD have germinal mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Based on the data obtained, we have developed the algorithm of molecular genetic testing of BC patients aimed at identification of the hereditary nature of the disease.Conclusion: The high frequency of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes found in this study in BC patients with CFHD confirms the necessity of genetic testing for this hereditary disease. The information on its hereditary nature allows for the introduction of essential therapy modification with a personalized approach. Regular follow-up of patients with hereditary BC and prevention of new BC cases and other cancers (ovarian, gastric, pancreatic and prostate cancer, as well as melanoma) in their relatives with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have to be implemented by a multidisciplinary team (specialists in mammology, gynecology, oncology, medical genetics, chemotherapy and psychotherapy).
Characteristics of the mutation spectrum identified by comprehensive investigation of the <i>CFTR </i>gene in the Russian patients
Authors: Petrova N. V. , Marakhonov A. Yu. , Vasilyeva T. A. , Kashirskaya N. Yu. , Kondratyeva E. I. , Zhekayte E. K. , Voronkova A. Yu. , Sherman V. D. , Galkina V. A. , Ginter E. K. , Kutsev S. I. , Zinchenko R. A. 
Published: February 2019

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM 219700) is a common hereditary disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene (OMIM 602421). The distribution and frequencies of the CFTR gene mutations vary considerably between countries and ethnic groups. By now about 11% alleles of the CFTR gene remain unidentified after testing for frequent mutations in the Russian patients. A full determination of the mutation spectrum in the CFTR gene is necessary to optimize medical and genetic assistance to the population and to implement the achievements of targeted therapy in the treatment of CF patients.Materials and methods: The sample included 121 Russian CF patients, in whom testing for 34 routinely analyzed mutations did not identify one (n = 107) or both (n = 14) mutant alleles. Assessment of the coding sequence of the CFTR gene, including the regions of exon-intron junctions, 5’- and 3’-untranslated regions was performed by the Sanger sequencing method; in addition, the search for large rearrangements was conducted by the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) method.Results: In addition to the previously identified, 88 more variants were determined, including 28 missense mutations, 15 nonsense mutations, 18 frameshift mutations (14 deletions, 4 insertions), 14 splicing mutations, 1 in-frame insertion, 1 in-frame deletion, 1 in/del mutation, and 10 large rearrangements (7 deletions, 3 duplications). Twenty three (23) novel variants were sequenced. Four (4) complex mutant alleles were found. Sixty (60) variants are found once each. One hundred and thirty four (134) of 135 tested mutant alleles were identified.Conclusion: Consequent use of the sequencing and MLPA methods has allowed for identification of a high proportion of the tested mutant alleles in CF patients from Russia (134/135, > 99%), to detect a significant diversity of the CFTR mutation spectrum (88 additional variants, 32 of them novel), a number of repeated mutations (c.2353C>T, c.1240_1244delCAAAA, c.1766+1G>A and c.3929G>A) encountered in 5 or more unrelated patients, which could be included in the panel of routinely analyzed variants in the Russian CF patients; and a high proportion of large rearrangements of the CFTR gene.
Functional Outcome and Revision Rate Are Independent of Limb Alignment Following Oxford Medial Unicompartmental Knee Replacement
Authors: Kennedy J.A. , Molloy J. , Jenkins C. , Mellon S.J. , Dodd C.A.F. , Murray D.W. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
There is controversy about optimal limb alignment following knee replacement. An aim of using Oxford medial unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) implants is to accurately restore normal ligament tension in the knee, thereby restoring normal kinematics. This return to normal tension typically results in a return to prearthritic alignment, which is frequently varus. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between postoperative limb alignment and postoperative patient-reported outcome and implant revision rate.

Methods:
We used a consecutive cohort of 891 knees with cemented Oxford medial UKR implants with a mean 10-year follow-up and recorded alignment. We grouped knees according to postoperative mechanical alignment as marked varus (estimated at 10°), mild varus (estimated at 5°), neutral, and valgus. The mean Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was calculated at 5 and 10 years postoperatively. Revision risk was assessed by survival analysis and component-time incidence rates.

Results:
Postoperatively, 67 (8%) of the 891 knees were in marked varus; 308 (35%), in mild varus; 508 (57%), in neutral; and 8 (1%), in valgus. The valgus group (8 knees) was too small for further analysis. The mean OKS (and standard deviation [SD]) at 10 years postoperatively was 41.7 ± 7 for marked varus, 40.5 ± 8 for mild varus, and 39.4 ± 9 for neutral alignment (p = 0.28). At 10 years, 92%, 85%, and 76% achieved a good or excellent OKS outcome, respectively (p = 0.02). Twelve-year survival rates were 93.3% for marked varus, 93.2% for mild varus, and 93.6% for neutral alignment, respectively (p = 0.53). Revision incidence rates per 100 component-years were 0.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2 to 1.5), 0.36 (95% CI, 0.2 to 0.7), and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.4 to 0.8), respectively, and were not significantly different (p = 0.53).

Conclusions:
Marked postoperative varus mechanical alignment of an estimated 10° was present in 8%, and mild varus of about 5° was present in 35%. Increasing varus alignment was associated with an increasing percentage of good or excellent OKS outcomes, but otherwise there were no significant differences between alignment groups in patient-reported outcome or revision rate. These data support the standard operative technique for the Oxford UKR, which aims to restore ligament tension and therefore prearthritic alignment rather than neutral mechanical alignment.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Corn Response to Long‐Term Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rate and Placement with Strip‐Tillage
Authors: Preston C.L. , Ruiz Diaz D.A. , Mengel D.B. 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Results showed a significant effect of P fertilizer rate and placement in early season whole plant P uptake, ear leaf P concentration, grain P concentration, and yield over the course of this study but particularly after multiple years of treatment application.
Early P uptake in corn was consistently higher with deep band P fertilizer applications and with starter fertilizer with the planter.
The long‐term evaluation of P fertilizer placement showed that deep‐band P placement only seldom resulted in higher yields. The use of starter fertilizer increased average grain yield, particularly for high‐yielding systems.
Multiple years of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application may be needed before the agronomic and environmental effect of P fertilizer placement and application rate become noticeable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of P placement on corn (Zea mays L.) with strip‐tillage. The study was conducted for 10 yr at two locations in Kansas in a corn and soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation from 2006 to 2015. Strip‐tillage was conducted before corn and soybean were planted without previous tillage. Phosphorus fertilizer placement and rate treatments included a control, broadcast at 20 kg P ha−1 and 39 kg P ha−1, deep‐band at 20 kg P ha−1, and 39 kg P ha−1, in a factorial combination with two starter fertilizer treatments (with and without starter fertilizer). Response parameters included V6 whole plant P uptake, ear leaf P, grain P concentration, and yield. Phosphorus fertilizer increased crop response parameters when compared to the control including yield for some years or across years at the two locations. However, corn response was similar among the P rate‐place treatments with generally higher values for the P rate of 39 kg P ha−1. The use of starter fertilizers in combination with broadcast or deep‐band P fertilizer resulted in greater P uptake, ear leaf P and grain P; however only increased yield at one location. Results from this study showed similar corn yield for deep‐band and broadcast P fertilizer under strip‐tillage and starter fertilizer increased yield for a high‐yielding, low soil test P location.
Dual Application of Ethephon and DCPTA Increases Maize Yield and Stalk Strength
Authors: Li L.L. , Gu W.R. , Li C.F. , Li W.H. , Chen X.C. , Zhang L.G. , Wei S. 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Combined treatment with ethephon and DCPTA enhanced stalk mechanical strength of maize.
Combined treatment with ethephon and DCPTA improved the post‐anthesis dry matter accumulation of maize.
Combined treatment with ethephon and DCPTA improved the grain yield of maize.
The combination of ethephon (2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid, ETH) and 2‐diethylaminoethyl‐3,4‐dichlorophenylether (DCPTA) has been used in maize (Zea mays L.) production in Northeast China, but limited information is available on the effectiveness of ETH+DCPTA. In this study, field experiments were conducted with two maize hybrids, ZhengDan 958 (‘ZD958’) and DongNong 254 (‘DN254’), which were planted at a density of 75,000 plants ha−1, to study the influence of ETH, DCPTA, and ETH+DCPTA on stalk quality (rind penetration strength [RPS], stalk bending strength [SBS], dry weight per unit, cross‐sectional area, and rind thickness), photosynthetic characteristics, bleeding sap, dry matter accumulation (DMA), and yield. Ethephon significantly reduced the lodging rate, plant height, ear height, and center of gravity of both maize hybrids and increased the RPS, SBS, dry weight per unit, cross‐sectional area, and thickness over the 2 yr. Ethephon also significantly decreased the leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and bleeding sap levels and accelerated leaf senescence, which ultimately decreased the yields. Although the application of DCPTA tended to increase the LAI, Pn, and bleeding sap levels and delayed leaf senescence, the plant height, ear height and the center of gravity also increased markedly, resulting in poorer stalk lodging resistance and higher lodging rate. Greater green leaf area, photosynthetic ability and bleeding sap levels and delayed leaf senescence in response to ETH+DCPTA mainly contributed to the increased postanthesis DMA. Thus, the application of ETH+DCPTA could provide a stable method for increasing the maize grain yield.
Comments on: The Knowledge Level of Turkish Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients about Their Diseases
Authors: Karpuz Savaş 
Published: February 2019

This letter contains a brief comment about the "The Knowledge Level
of Turkish Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients about Their Diseases " that
presented by Bozbas and Gurer. In
this trial authors attracts the attention of the readers on patient education
in a chronic disease. Study aimed to assess
the level of disease specific knowledge of the patients with Rheumatoid
Arthritis. Patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated
about the awareness level of patients, and the “Patient Knowledge Questionnaire
in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PKQ-RA)” was used in this high-quality study. Firstly,
studied internal consistency of the
Turkish version of PKQ-RA was high with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.71. and according to the results most of
the patients (86.7%) reported that they had gained the information about RA
from their physicians. Age, education, socioeconomic status, and family
history of disease were associated with the Patients’ knowledge levels. But in conclusion authors unnoticed a previous
study titled as “The assessment of knowledge level about their disease in
patients with rheumatoid arthritis” and published by Karahan et al. In this
earlier study authors firstly used the Turkish version of the PKQ-RA to
evaluate the level of knowledge about the disease of patients with RA. Also,
authors reported the very low level of knowledge.

These two
papers gain important contribution about the needs of the patient education.
Patient education is important step of the treatment in the chronic disease and
more clinical studies need especially from developed countries such as Turkey.
Ailelerin Sarsılmış Bebek Sendromu Hakkında Bilgi Düzeyi
Authors: Meral Gülsen , Çelik Yusuf , Tunaligil Verda , Yaşar Ruveyda , Kılınç Tuğba , Güngör Ebru , Tahiroğlu Secda , Yapaner Ecenur , Zengin Kübra , Kaymaz Hatice 
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Sarsılmış Bebek Sendromu psikomotor gelişimin
gecikmesi, öğrenme, konuşma zorlukları, fiziksel, zihinsel bozukluklar gibi
beyin hasarlarına yol açabilir, Çalışmamızın amacı ailelerin sarsılmış bebek
sendromunu hakkında bilgilerini ölçmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma Ocak-Mart 2016 tarihleri
arasında 170 kadın 16 erkek ebeveyni içermektedir. Ebeveynlerin bebeklerini
avutma yöntemleri ve sarsılmış bebek sendromun hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi 32
soruluk olan anket ile değerlendirildi. Kullanılan anketin nominal soruları
dışındaki, sorular için güvenilirlik analizi Cronbach's Alpha katsayısı % 85
olarak bulundu.Bulgular: Çalışma %8,6'sı (n=16) baba,
%91,4'ü anne (n=170) toplam 186 olgu
ile gerçekleştirildi. Ebeveynlerin sarsılmış bebek sendromu hakkında bilgi
sahibi olma oranı %16 olarak belirlendi. “Bebekleri sarsmanın zararı var mı?”
sorusuna %87,6 evet yanıt verdi, “Annenin eğitim durumunun bebeği sarsmanın
bebeğe zararı var mıdır?” sorusuna istatistik olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p=0,019).
Annenin eğitim durumu ile bebeklerin ayakta sallanmaması durumu
karşılaştırıldığında fark önemli bulundu (p=0,001). Kız ve erkek bebeği olan
ebeveynler aynı karşılaştırma için farkın önemli olduğu belirlendi (p=0,045).

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Sarsılmış bebek
sendromu ve bebeklerini avutma yöntemleri konusunda ebeveynlerin bilgileri
yetersiz olduğu görüldü. Sarsılmış bebek
sendromu hakkında ve bebekleri avutma yöntemleri konusunda yapılacak
eğitimin sarsılmış bebek sendromu önlenmesi açısından önemli sonuçlar vereceği
bulundu.