bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veteran Participation in Intensive Suicide Research Protocols: No Evidence of Iatrogenic Effects
Authors: Poindexter Erin K. , Nazem Sarra , Barnes Sean M. , Hostetter Trisha A. , Smith Phillip N. 
Published: March 2018

Suicide research remains fraught with ethical and methodological issues, including researchers’ reservations about conducting intensive suicide research protocols due to potential iatrogenic effects and liability concerns. Such issues significantly impede scientific inquiry related to suicide. To date, no research has explored potential iatrogenic effects of intensive, nontreatment suicide research among Veterans. This study aimed to fill this gap. It was hypothesized that participation in suicide‐specific protocols would not significantly increase risk among Veterans. Veterans completed self‐reports, structured interviews, and rigorous suicide‐specific tasks (Study A, N = 34; Study B, N = 18; Study C, N = 119). Findings indicated there were no significant differences in pre‐ and postassessment suicide risk variables (all ps > .05). Estimated mean change for “urge to harm self” was −0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.60, 0.13), −0.28 (CI: −0.56, 0.01), and −0.01 (CI: −0.09, 0.07) and “intent to harm self” was −0.18 (95% CI: −0.45, 0.10), 0 (CI: −0.17, 0.17), and 0.01 (CI: −0.04, 0.06) for Studies A, B, and C, respectively. Results indicated the respective protocols did not produce iatrogenic effects. The current findings are discussed with attention to safety‐monitoring techniques that may reduce iatrogenic effects and considerations for future researchers.
Is the Tea Party Libertarian, Authoritarian, or Something Else?*
Authors: Havercroft Jonathan , Murphy Justin 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveResearch on the Tea Party finds that both libertarian and authoritarian attitudes drive support for this movement, but political scientists lack a satisfactory explanation of this contradiction.MethodsFactor analysis of nine attitudes from the 2012 American National Election Study is used to explore whether statism and moral traditionalism are intercorrelated on a dimension distinct from attitudes toward government; regression analysis is used to test if these distinct dimensions help to explain support for the Tea Party.ResultsControlling for several competing explanations, the multiplicative interaction of anti‐government and morally statist ideological factors is shown to be a predictor of Tea Party support, especially among conservatives.ConclusionOur results suggest the Tea Party movement is in part driven by what Nietzsche called “misarchism,” an ideological mixture of moralism, statism, and libertarianism he first observed in Herbert Spencer.
Low‐dose valganciclovir prohylaxis is efficacious and safe in cytomegalovirus seropositive heart transplant recipients with anti‐thymocyte globulin
Authors: Eriksson Mari , Jokinen Janne J. , Söderlund Sanni , Hämmäinen Pekka , Lommi Jyri , Lemström Karl 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) remains an important pathogen in solid organ transplant patients.ObjectiveWe executed a hybrid prophylactic and pre‐emptive valganciclovir (VGCV) prophylaxis to prevent CMV infection in heart transplant patients with anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction and retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of this regimen.MethodsHundred adult heart transplant patients between 2004 and 2010 were included. Recipients with CMV serostatus D+/R− received VGCV 900 mg OD for 6 months and 94.2% (81/86) of R+ recipients received a low‐dose 450 mg OD for 3 months. Blood CMV was monitored until 3 months after cessation of the prophylaxis.ResultsAll patients accomplished the prophylaxis. The overall incidence of CMV disease was 4% (4/100) and it was more frequent in D+/R− patients (P = .001). Three of eighty‐six (3.5%) of R+ patients had CMV infection (one CMV disease) while on prophylaxis, 2/3 were still on the original significantly reduced renal dose though. There was one late CMV disease in both D+/R− and R+ groups. Ganciclovir/VGCV treatment was successful in all patients.ConclusionsThe hybrid strategy with low‐dose VGCV in R+ patients with ATG was efficient and safe. The good treatment results indicate that the regimen did not lead to a clinically relevant resistance. Optimal renal dosage is essential throughout prophylaxis.
Cutaneous ulcerations caused by Paecilomyces variotii in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Eren Davut , Eroglu Eray , Ulu Kilic Aysegul , Atalay Mustafa Altay , Mumcu Necati , Sipahioglu Murat Hayri , Canoz Ozlem , Koc Ayse Nedret , Oymak Oktay 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSkin infections caused by Paecilomyces species have been rarely described in patients with solid organ transplantation. Cutaneous manifestations are highly variable and include erythematous macules, nodules, pustules, and vesicular and necrotic lesions. The diagnosis of these infections is generally made by examination of a skin biopsy. Management of these fungal infections is difficult due to the immunocompromised state of the patients. Moreover, antifungal therapy and immunosuppressive drug interactions should be considered during treatment management. Herein, we reported a case of cellulitis caused by Paecilomyces variotii in a 56‐year‐old man who had undergone a kidney transplantation. Erythematous macular and nodular lesions on the left hand and left foot appeared first; within 2 months the skin lesions became ulcerated, hemorrhagic, and progressively painful and the patient was admitted to our hospital. The diagnosis was made by skin biopsy and tissue culture. The skin lesions resolved by the sixth week of the treatment with voriconazole.
Fatal Fusarium infection manifesting as osteomyelitis following previous treatment with amphotericin B in a multi‐visceral transplant: Case report and review of Fusarium infections in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Nambiar P. , Cober E. , Johnson L. , Brizendine K. D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInvasive fusariosis in solid organ transplant is uncommon and usually presents as localized infection with favorable outcomes compared to hematologic malignancies or bone marrow transplants. We report the first case of Fusarium osteomyelitis in a patient following multi‐visceral transplant and review Fusarium in organ transplant recipients and Fusarium bone and joint infections. Our case underscores the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary approach to treatment and highlights potential failure to eradicate with amphotericin B monotherapy.
Lymphopenia is associated with late onset Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Werbel W.A. , Ison M.G. , Angarone M.P. , Yang A. , Stosor V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) affected 5%‐15% of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients prior to universal prophylaxis, classically with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX). Guidelines generally recommend 6‐12 months of prophylaxis post‐SOT, yet optimal duration and robust PJP risk stratification have not been established.MethodsA retrospective, single‐center, case‐control study of PJP among SOT recipients from January 1998 to December 2013 was conducted. Cases had positive PJ direct fluorescent antibody assay of respiratory specimens. Controls were matched 4:1 by nearest date of SOT. Univariate testing and multivariate logistic regressions were performed.ResultsFifteen cases were identified among 5505 SOT recipients (0.27% rate) and analyzed vs 60 controls. PJP occurred on average 6.1 years (range 0.9‐13.8) post‐SOT; no case was receiving PJP prophylaxis at diagnosis. Most were treated with reduced immunosuppression and TMP‐SMX plus steroids (80%). Six patients (40%) required critical care; 3 (20%) died. There were no significant demographic differences, though cases tended to be older at SOT (54 vs 48 years, P = .1). In univariate analysis, prior viral infection was more common among cases (67% vs 37%, P = .08). Lower absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) at diagnosis date was strongly associated with PJP (400 vs 1230 × 106 cells/μL, P < .001); odds of infection were high with ALC ≤ 500 × 106 cells (OR 18.7, P < .01).ConclusionPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a rare, late complication of SOT with significant morbidity and mortality. Severe lymphopenia may be useful in identifying SOT recipients who warrant continued or reinstated PJP prophylaxis.
Cytomegalovirus infections in lung and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients in the Organ Transplant Infection Prevention and Detection Study: A multi‐year, multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Avery Robin K. , Silveira Fernanda P. , Benedict Kaitlin , Cleveland Angela A. , Kauffman Carol A. , Schuster Mindy G. , Dubberke Erik R. , Husain Shahid , Paterson David L. , Chiller Tom , Pappas Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundMost studies of post‐transplant CMV infection have focused on either solid organ or hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. A large prospective cohort study involving both lung and HCT recipients provided an opportunity to compare the epidemiology and outcomes of CMV infections in these 2 groups.MethodsPatients were followed up for 30 months in a 6‐center prospective cohort study. Data on demographics, CMV infections, tissue‐invasive disease, recurrences, rejection, and immunosuppression were recorded.ResultsThe overall incidence of CMV infection was 83/293 (28.3%) in the lung transplant group and 154/444 (34.7%) in the HCT group (P = .0706). Tissue‐invasive CMV disease occurred in 8/83 (9.6%) of lung and 6/154 (3.9%) of HCT recipients with CMV infection, respectively (P = .087). Median time to CMV infection was longer in the lung transplant group (236 vs 40 days, P < .0001), likely reflecting the effects of prophylaxis vs preemptive therapy. Total IgG levels of < 350 mg/dL in lung recipients and graft vs host disease (GvHD) in HCT recipients were associated with increased CMV risk. HCT recipients had a higher mean number of CMV episodes (P = .008), although duration of viremia was not significantly different between the 2 groups. CMV infection was not associated with reduced overall survival in either group.ConclusionsCurrent CMV prevention strategies have resulted in a low incidence of tissue‐invasive disease in both lung transplant and HCT, although CMV viremia is still relatively common. Differences between the lung and HCT groups in terms of time to CMV and recurrences of CMV viremia likely reflect differences in underlying host immunobiology and in CMV prevention strategies in the modern era.
Isoprenoid Quinones Resolve the Stratification of Redox Processes in a Biogeochemical Continuum from the Photic Zone to Deep Anoxic Sediments of the Black Sea
Authors: Becker Kevin W. , Elling Felix J. , Schröder Jan M. , Lipp Julius S. , Goldhammer Tobias , Zabel Matthias , Elvert Marcus , Overmann Jörg , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
The stratified water column of the Black Sea serves as a model ecosystem for studying the interactions of microorganisms with major biogeochemical cycles. Here, we provide detailed analysis of isoprenoid quinones to study microbial redox processes in the ocean. In a continuum from the photic zone through the chemocline into deep anoxic sediments of the southern Black Sea, diagnostic quinones and inorganic geochemical parameters indicate niche segregation between redox processes and corresponding shifts in microbial community composition. Quinones specific for oxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic respiration dominate oxic waters, while quinones associated with thaumarchaeal ammonia oxidation and bacterial methanotrophy, respectively, dominate a narrow interval in suboxic waters. Quinone distributions indicate highest metabolic diversity within the anoxic zone, with anoxygenic photosynthesis being a major process in its photic layer. In the dark anoxic layer, quinone profiles indicate the occurrence of bacterial sulfur and nitrogen cycling, archaeal methanogenesis, and archaeal methanotrophy. Multiple novel ubiquinone isomers, possibly originating from unidentified intra-aerobic anaerobes, occur in this zone. The respiration modes found in the anoxic zone continue into shallow subsurface sediments, but quinone abundances rapidly decrease within the upper 50 cm below the sea floor, reflecting the transition to lower energy availability. In the deep subseafloor sediments, quinone distributions and geochemical profiles indicate archaeal methanogenesis/methanotrophy and potentially bacterial fermentative metabolisms. We observed that sedimentary quinone distributions track lithology, which supports prior hypotheses that deep biosphere community composition and metabolisms are determined by environmental conditions during sediment deposition.

IMPORTANCE
Microorganisms play crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycles, yet we have only a fragmentary understanding of the diversity of microorganisms and their metabolisms, as the majority remains uncultured. Thus, culture-independent approaches are critical for determining microbial diversity and active metabolic processes. In order to resolve the stratification of microbial communities in the Black Sea, we comprehensively analyzed redox process-specific isoprenoid quinone biomarkers in a unique continuous record from the photic zone through the chemocline into anoxic subsurface sediments. We describe an unprecedented quinone diversity that allowed us to detect distinct biogeochemical processes, including oxygenic photosynthesis, archaeal ammonia oxidation, aerobic methanotrophy, and anoxygenic photosynthesis in defined geochemical zones.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Brucella melitensis CIIMS-BH-2, a Biovar 2 Strain Isolated from Human Blood
Authors: Kishnani Pooja M. , Tiwari Ankita A. , Mangalgi Smita S. , Barbuddhe Sukhadeo B. , Daginawala H. F. , Singh Lokendra R. , Kashyap Rajpal S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Brucella
species are the etiological agent of brucellosis in humans and animals. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of
Brucella melitensis
strain CIIMS-BH-2, belonging to biovar 2. The draft assembly of CIIMS-BH-2 is 3.31 Mb in size, with 57.2% G+C content.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Multidrug- and Colistin-Resistant
mcr-1
-Producing Escherichia coli Isolate from a Swine Farm in Mexico
Authors: Garza-Ramos Ulises , Tamayo-Legorreta Elsa , Arellano-Quintanilla Doris María , Rodriguez-Medina Nadia , Silva-Sanchez Jesús , Catalan-Najera Juan , Rocha-Martínez Marisol Karina , Bravo-Díaz María Asunción , Alpuche-Aranda Celia 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

A colistin-resistant
mcr-1
-carrying
Escherichia coli
strain, RC2-007, was isolated from a swine farm in Mexico. This extraintestinal and uropathogenic strain of
E. coli
belongs to serotype O89:H9 and sequence type 744. Assembly and annotation resulted in a 4.9-Mb draft genome that revealed the presence of plasmid-mediated
mcr-1
-IS
ApI1
genes as part of a prophage.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus licheniformis Heshi-B2, Isolated from Fermented Rice Bran in a Japanese Fermented Seafood Dish
Authors: Kanesaki Yu , Kubota Eri , Ohtake Rumi , Higashi Yukari , Nagaoka Junko , Suzuki Tomonori , Akuzawa Sayuri 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Bacillus licheniformis
Heshi-B2 was isolated from fermented rice bran in Heshiko, a food produced by aging salted mackerel with fresh rice bran. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
B. licheniformis
Heshi-B2, originating from a Heshiko sample from Fukui Prefecture, Japan.
Genome Sequence of Enterococcus faecium Strain ICIS 96 Demonstrating Intermicrobial Antagonism Associated with Bacteriocin Production
Authors: Pashkova Tatiana M. , Vasilchenko Alexey S. , Khlopko Yuriy A. , Kochkina Elena E. , Kartashova Olga L. , Sycheva Maria V. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Enterococcus faecium
strain ICIS 96, which was isolated from the feces of a horse. Bacteriological characterization of strain ICIS 96 revealed the absence of pathogenicity factors, while its spectrum of antagonistic activity was found to be broad, having activities associated with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Analysis of the
E. faecium
ICIS 96 genome revealed five genes associated with antimicrobial activity (enterocin [ent] A, ent B, lactobin A/cerein 7b, and ent L50 A/B). No genes that correlate with human pathogenicity were identified.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Renamed Isolate, Trichoplusia ni Ascovirus 6b, from the United States
Authors: Liu Yuan-Yuan , Xian Wen-Fei , Xue Jin , Wei Yong-Lu , Cheng Xiao-Wen , Wang Xing 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
The complete genome of Trichoplusia ni ascovirus 6b (TnAV-6b) was sequenced for the first time. The TnAV-6b isolate, which has its closest phylogenetic relationship with the TnAV-6a isolate, has a circular genome of 185,664 bp, with a G+C content of 46.0% and 178 predicted open reading frames.
Costing of three feeding regimens for home-based management of children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition from a randomised trial in India
Authors: Garg Charu C , Mazumder Sarmila , Taneja Sunita , Shekhar Medha , Mohan Sanjana Brahmawar , Bose Anuradha , Iyengar Sharad D , Bahl Rajiv , Martines Jose , Bhandari Nita 
Published: March 2018

Trial designThree feeding regimens—centrally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food, locally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food, and augmented, energy-dense, home-prepared food—were provided in a community setting for children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the age group of 6–59 months in an individually randomised multicentre trial that enrolled 906 children. Foods, counselling, feeding support and treatment for mild illnesses were provided until recovery or 16 weeks.MethodsCosts were estimated for 371 children enrolled in Delhi in a semiurban location after active survey and identification, enrolment, diagnosis and treatment for mild illnesses, and finally treatment with one of the three regimens, both under the research and government setting. Direct costs were estimated for human resources using a price times quantity approach, based on their salaries and average time taken for each activity. The cost per week per child for food, medicines and other consumables was estimated based on the total expenditure over the period and children covered. Indirect costs for programme management including training, transport, non-consumables, infrastructure and equipment were estimated per week per child based on total expenditures for research study and making suitable adjustments for estimations under government setting.ResultsNo significant difference in costs was found across the three regimens per covered or per treated child. The average cost per treated child in the government setting was estimated at US$56 (<3500 rupees).ConclusionHome-based management of SAM with a locally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food is feasible, acceptable, affordable and very cost-effective in terms of the disability-adjusted life years saved and gross national income per capita of the country. The treatment of SAM at home needs serious attention and integration into the existing health system, along with actions to prevent SAM.Trial registration numberNCT01705769; Pre-results.
Cost-effectiveness of a complex workplace dietary intervention: an economic evaluation of the Food Choice at Work study
Authors: Fitzgerald Sarah , Murphy Aileen , Kirby Ann , Geaney Fiona , Perry Ivan J 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the costs, benefits and cost-effectiveness of complex workplace dietary interventions, involving nutrition education and system-level dietary modification, from the perspective of healthcare providers and employers.DesignSingle-study economic evaluation of a cluster-controlled trial (Food Choice at Work (FCW) study) with 1-year follow-up.SettingFour multinational manufacturing workplaces in Cork, Ireland.Participants517 randomly selected employees (18–65 years) from four workplaces.InterventionsCost data were obtained from the FCW study. Nutrition education included individual nutrition consultations, nutrition information (traffic light menu labelling, posters, leaflets and emails) and presentations. System-level dietary modification included menu modification (restriction of fat, sugar and salt), increase in fibre, fruit discounts, strategic positioning of healthier alternatives and portion size control. The combined intervention included nutrition education and system-level dietary modification. No intervention was implemented in the control.OutcomesThe primary outcome was an improvement in health-related quality of life, measured using the EuroQoL 5 Dimensions 5 Levels questionnaire. The secondary outcome measure was reduction in absenteeism, which is measured in monetary amounts. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (Monte Carlo simulation) assessed parameter uncertainty.ResultsThe system-level intervention dominated the education and combined interventions. When compared with the control, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (€101.37/quality-adjusted life-year) is less than the nationally accepted ceiling ratio, so the system-level intervention can be considered cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve indicates there is some decision uncertainty surrounding this, arising from uncertainty surrounding the differences in effectiveness. These results are reiterated when the secondary outcome measure is considered in a cost–benefit analysis, whereby the system-level intervention yields the highest net benefit (€56.56 per employee).ConclusionsSystem-level dietary modification alone offers the most value per improving employee health-related quality of life and generating net benefit for employers by reducing absenteeism. While system-level dietary modification strategies are potentially sustainable obesity prevention interventions, future research should include long-term outcomes to determine if improvements in outcomes persist.Trial registration numberISRCTN35108237; Post-results.
Provider-based barriers to provision of intrauterine contraception in general practice
Authors: Hoggart Lesley , Walker Susan , Newton Victoria Louise , Parker Mike 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesIntrauterine contraception (IUC) is highly effective, safe and long-lasting, but is not a popular method of contraception among British women. This study examined barriers to the uptake of IUC in general practice in England.MethodA sequential mixed-method approach to explore the views of practitioners regarding the provision of IUC. We e-surveyed 208 practitioners from 69 practices in a region of England and subsequently interviewed 14 practitioners from eight practices.ResultsJust under half of general practitioners (GPs) (46.8%; 58/124), and only 8.2% (4/49) of nurses reported being trained to fit IUC. Lack of knowledge of IUC was a barrier to fitting, and also to recommending IUC, especially by practitioners who were not trained to fit. There was discordance between reported knowledge of eligibility for IUC and the likelihood of recommending IUC. Respondents were less likely to recommend IUC to young, nulliparous women, women who had experienced a previous ectopic pregnancy, a recent sexually transmitted infection (STI), or an abnormal cervical smear. The qualitative data indicate that risk aversion and limited training, together with practitioners’ assessments that women are uninterested, may lead to IUC being precluded as a suitable method.ConclusionsIncreased practitioner education, for those not trained to fit IUC, may remove a barrier to the uptake of IUC in general practice. More research is required on the discordance between the practitioners’ views on the characteristics of women considered suitable for IUC, and the criteria set out in the UK Medical Eligibility Criteria (UKMEC) guidelines.