bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous holiday precipitation over southern China
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Gong Dao-Yi , Mao Rui , Yang Jing , Zhang Ziyin , Qian Yun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Chinese Spring Festival (CSF, also known as the Chinese New Year or Lunar New Year) is the most important festival in China. Lunar New Year's Day (LNYD) is the first day of the Lunar New Year. Traditionally, the CSF holiday begins a couple of days before LNYD and ends on lantern day, lasting for approximately 2 weeks. In this paper, based on the long-term station observations from 1979 to 2012, the precipitation during the holiday over southern China (108–123° E and 21–33° N, 155 stations) tends to be lower than that before and after the holiday. The mean precipitation frequency anomaly from the fourth day to the sixth day after LNYD (i.e., days [+4, +6]) decreases by −7.4 %. Simultaneously, the daily precipitation amount experiences a reduction of −0.62 mm day−1 during days [+2, +5]. The holiday precipitation anomalies are strongly linked to the anomalies of relative humidity (ΔRH) and cloud cover. The station observations of the ΔRH show an evident decrease from day +2 to day +7, and a minimum appears on days [+4, +6], with a mean of −3.9 %. The ΔRH vertical profile displays significant drying below approximately 800 hPa. Between 800 and 1000 hPa, the mean ΔRH is −3.9 %. The observed station daytime low cloud cover (LCC) evidently decreases by −6.1 % during days [+4, +6]. Meanwhile, the ERA-Interim daily LCC also shows a comparable reduction of −5.0 %. The anomalous relative humidity is mainly caused by the decreased water vapor in the lower-middle troposphere. Evident negative specific humidity anomalies persist from day −3 to day +7 in the station observations. The average specific humidity anomaly for days [+4, +6] is −0.73 g kg−1. When the precipitation days are excluded, the anomaly remains significant at −0.46 g kg−1. A significant water vapor deficit is observed in the lower troposphere below 700 hPa. Between 800 and 1000 hPa, the mean specific humidity drops by −0.70 g kg−1. This drier lower-middle troposphere is due to anomalous northerly winds, which are closely related to the cyclonic circulation anomaly over the northwestern Pacific. The time-lag correlation demonstrates that approximately 1 week after a lower temperature occurs over eastern China, a stronger cyclone is observed over the western Pacific. The possible mechanism needs further clarification through elaborate observation and numerical modeling.
Cloud impacts on photochemistry: building a climatology of photolysis rates from the Atmospheric Tomography mission
Authors: Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Prather Michael J. , Flynn Clare M. , Murray Lee T. , Fiore Arlene M. , Correa Gustavo , Strode Sarah A. , Steenrod Stephen D. , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Guth Jonathan , Josse Béatrice , Flemming Johannes , Huijnen Vincent , Abraham N. Luke , Archibald Alex T. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Measurements from actinic flux spectroradiometers on board the
NASA DC-8 during the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission provide an
extensive set of statistics on how clouds alter photolysis rates (J values)
throughout the remote Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins. J values control
tropospheric ozone and methane abundances, and thus clouds have been included
for more than three decades in tropospheric chemistry modeling. ATom made
four profiling circumnavigations of the troposphere capturing each of the
seasons during 2016–2018. This work examines J values from the Pacific
Ocean flights of the first deployment, but publishes the complete Atom-1 data
set (29 July to 23 August 2016). We compare the observed J values (every 3 s along flight track) with those calculated by nine global
chemistry–climate/transport models (globally gridded, hourly, for a
mid-August day). To compare these disparate data sets, we build a
commensurate statistical picture of the impact of clouds on J values using
the ratio of J-cloudy (standard, sometimes cloudy conditions) to J-clear
(artificially cleared of clouds). The range of modeled cloud effects is
inconsistently large but they fall into two distinct classes: (1) models with
large cloud effects showing mostly enhanced J values aloft and or
diminished at the surface and (2) models with small effects having nearly
clear-sky J values much of the time. The ATom-1 measurements generally
favor large cloud effects but are not precise or robust enough to point out
the best cloud-modeling approach. The models here have resolutions of 50–200 km
and thus reduce the occurrence of clear sky when averaging over grid
cells. In situ measurements also average scattered sunlight over a mixed
cloud field, but only out to scales of tens of kilometers. A primary uncertainty
remains in the role of clouds in chemistry, in particular, how models average
over cloud fields, and how such averages can simulate measurements.
Duties and Responsibilities of Secondary School Principal and Teachers: Policy Implications
Authors: Alabi Amos Oyetunde , Alabi Jesujoba Oluwadara 
Published: November 2018

This paper discusses the duties and responsibilities of secondary school principals and teachers. The paper adopts the template of Gulick and Urwick (1937) on the functions of the chief executive of an establishment/institution to highlight the duties and responsibilities of secondary school principals and teachers. The acronym of the template is POSDCORB which means: Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting. Principals are the chief executives of secondary schools while the teachers are potential administrators of secondary schools as well hence the application of the template to both of them and more even at their present state/level the template is very relevant to them. If the principals and teachers understand very well their duties and responsibilities as presented in this paper and do them accordingly, there will be peaceful, harmonious relationship and coexistence within the school and outside the school communities. The schools will be conducive for academic progress of the students and for the professional development of the teachers. The schools will become ideal, perfect and desired community for everyone to live and contribute to the development of the larger community. The paper highlights some policy issues to be considered and put in place in support of the teachers and principals.
De aansprakelijkheid van de indirecte bestuurder voor ongeoorloofde uitkeringen (art. 2:216 BW)
Authors: Hanegraaf C.E.J.M. 
Published: November 2018

De aansprakelijkheid van de indirecte bestuurder voor ongeoorloofde uitkeringen (art. 2:216 BW). Een beschouwing over de toepasselijkheid van artikel 2:11 BW in het kader van bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid op grond van artikel 2:216 BW
De aansprakelijkheid voor ongeoorloofde uitkeringen kan ook rusten op indirecte bestuurders (art. 2:216 en 2:11 BW). Volgens de auteur dient men ten aanzien van elke indirecte bestuurder aan te tonen dat hij ten tijde van een uitkering wist of redelijkerwijs behoorde te voorzien dat die uitkering nadelige financiële gevolgen heeft voor de vennootschap.
Do the regular annual extreme water level changes affect the seasonal appearance of Anabaena in Poyang Lake?
Authors: Qian Kuimei , Dokulil Martin , Chen Yuwei 
Published: November 2018

Background. Poyang Lake is an exceptional system exhibiting a water level change of up to 14 m every year. In the years 2013 and 2014 water level changes were 8.03 m and 11.22m respectively. The biomass of Anabaena and heterocyst frequency increased in the summers of recent years.
Methods. A weekly or bi-weekly monitoring period from June to November 2013 and 2014 was set up to explain the reason for this phenomenon.
Results. Anabaena was observed throughout the year. The average relative biomass of Anabaena in the study period was over 40%, being most abundant in summer. The average heterocyst frequency was 0.226% in 2013 and 0.760% in 2014. The SPSS analysis indicated a positive correlation of Anabaena biomass with water temperature and water level and negative one with TN, which is the reason for the increase of heterocyst frequency from 2013 to 2014. It also indicated that heterocyst frequency of Anabaena was positively correlated with water temperature, water level and PO4-P, and negatively with DIN/DIP, NO3-N and TN. At the same time, water temperature and DIN/DIP were significantly correlated with water level, which means that water level changes have a direct effect on Anabaena and its heterocyst formation in Poyang Lake.
Conclusions. The results of the study support the hypothesis that increasing biomass and heterocyst formation of Anabaena were primarily caused by changes in the environmental parameters, such as high water temperature and suitable nutrients in summer and autumn, driven by the regular annual extreme water level change of Poyang Lake. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the management and utilization of Lake Poyang.
Systemic design agendas in education and design research
Authors: Nousala Susu , Ing David , Jones Peter Hayward 
Published: November 2018

Since 2014, an international collaborative of design leaders has been exploring ways in which methods can be augmented, transitioning from the heritage legacy focus on products and services towards a broad range of complex sociotechnical systems and contemporary societal problems issues. At the RSD4 Symposium (2015), DesignX co-founder Don Norman presented a keynote talk on the frontiers of design practice and necessity for advanced design education for highly complex sociotechnical problems. He identified the qualities of these systems as relevant to DesignX problems, and called for systemics, transdisciplinarity and the need for high-quality observations (or evidence) in these design problems. Initial directions found were proposed in the first DesignX workshop in October 2015, which were published in the design journal Shè Jì. In October 2016, another DesignX workshop was held at Tongji University in Shanghai, overlapping with the timing of the RSD5 Symposium where this workshop was convened. The timing of these events presented an opportunity to explore design education and research concepts, ideas and directions of thought that emerged from the multiple discussions and reflections through this experimental workshop. The aim of this paper is to report on the workshop as a continuing project in the DesignX discourse, to share reflections and recommendations from this working group.
Relating Systems Thinking and Design IV
Authors: Sevaldson Birger 
Published: November 2018

The fourth special issue of FormAkademisk on the theme of Systemic Design features articles from RSD5 2016 held at OCADU, Toronto October 13 to 15. The themes of these five full papers are covering development of the design field at large, methodology development and practice of learning and education. The other main thread in this issue is sustainability, circular economy and urban co living strategies.
The special issue follows after the publication of the RSD5 proceedings , containing videos, abstracts and working papers from the conference. In these full papers the themes form the presentations and working papers are developed further. The proceedings are found at:
https://systemic-design.net/rsd-symposia/rsd5-2016/
Parallel to this special issue a Springer Book is published with Peter Jones as editor presenting an additional set of selected papers.
Following the three former special issues it is fair to state that systemic design has developed beyond the initial point where it was still unclear what the notion of Systemic Design was covering and how it should be developed. The current issue demonstrates that systemic design has a wide reach and depth in its explorations.
Cover image by Elisabeth Bjørndal Skjelten.
В ПОИСКАХ ИСЧЕЗАЮЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ (К ВОПРОСУ О ФЕНОМЕНЕ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ АННАЛИСТИКИ)*, "Средние века"
Authors: Сидоров Александр Иванович 
Published: November 2018

Средневековая анналистика рассматривается в статье как явление культуры и как конкретно-исторический феномен. Автор отвергает эволюционистскую теорию возникновения и развития анналов. Отмечается, что разные типы анналов (пасхальные, малые, большие) возникли практически одновременно во второй половине VIII в. и на протяжении всего Средневековья сосуществовали друг с другом. Анналистика стала ответом на рост эсхатологических настроений в среде англосаксонского и каролингского монашества. Она охватывала разные сферы культуры - от компутистики до историописания - и свидетельствовала о стремлении к утверждению линейного и конечного времени в противовес времени циклическому. Погодная схема оказала революционное воздействие на каролингское историописание. Она способствовала появлению уникального типа исторического нарратива, который воплотился в «Анналах королевства франков» и других больших анналах.
«ПО КРОВИ И МАНЕРАМ»: К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ИСТОРИИ ПОНЯТИЯ «ДЖЕНТЛЬМЕН» В XIII-XVII ВЕКАХ**, "Средние века"
Authors: Давиденко Алексей Анатольевич 
Published: November 2018

Рассмотрено изменение значения понятия «джентльмен» на раннем этапе его существования в английской культуре. Показано, что вплоть до XVII в. под джентльменами понимались исключительно знатные люди, а главным признаком понятия являлось знатное происхождение, однако уже в раннее Новое время разные группы источников демонстрируют, что англичане начали ассоциировать с джентльменами личные качества, ставшие новым признаком понятия «джентльмен». Усиление роли персональных достоинств происходило на фоне вовлеченности джентльменов в XVI - первой половине XVII в. в коммерческую деятельность, где от них требовалось проявление комплекса качеств, необходимых для успешного ведения дел.
НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЕВРАЗИЙСКОЙ ТОРГОВЛИ НАКАНУНЕ И В РАННИЙ ПЕРИОД УСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ МОНГОЛЬСКОГО ВЛАДЫЧЕСТВА В КИТАЕ (ПО ДАННЫМ «ОПИСАНИЯ ВСЕХ ДАЛЬНИХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ» ЧЖАО ЖУГУА И «КНИГИ О РАЗНООБРАЗИИ МИРА» МАРКО ПОЛО)**, "Средние века"
Authors: НЕСТЕРОВА Елена Ростиславовна 
Published: November 2018

Настоящая статья посвящена сравнительному анализу сведений о развитии торговли в Китае и сопредельных странах в конце правления династии Сун и в начале правления династии Юань, содержащихся в «Чжу-фань чжи» Чжао Жугуа и в «Книге о разнообразии мира» Марко Поло. Объектом изучения является влияние установления монгольского владычества в Китае на региональную торговлю. Рассматриваются данные о ценах, экспортируемых и импортируемых товарах, странах - торговых партнерах, наличии и размерах пошлин.
Artigo científico na área de saúde: diretrizes para sua elaboração e avaliação
Authors: Portugal Adílio Campos , Santos Carlos Henrique Silva dos , Campos Françoise Magalhães , Leoni Luamorena , França Rafael dos Reis , Silva Vanessa Salgado , Lubisco Nídia Maria Lienert , Rêgo Rita Franco 
Published: November 2018

<p><strong>Introdução: </strong>O aumento da velocidade, da diversidade e do volume das publicações científicas, tanto em escala global como no que diz respeito às pesquisas em saúde, tem levado a comunidade científica a reconhecer a necessidade do estabelecimento de critérios e padrões de qualidade para a avaliação, tanto do rigor metodológico, quanto das publicações. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: Ante o exposto, na perspectiva de subsidiar os pesquisadores na sua tarefa de qualificar sua produção, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, de forma sucinta, a descrição de algumas iniciativas que têm sido utilizadas, cada vez mais e por diferentes revistas científicas, como parâmetro para medir a qualidade dos artigos submetidos para publicação, segundo os tipos de estudo. <strong>Método</strong>: A base de consulta foi o <em>Equator Network</em> e as iniciativas selecionadas foram: STROBE, SAMPL, PROSPERO, AMSTAR, PRISMA, COREQ, SRQR. <strong>Conclusão: </strong>A rede <em>Equator Network, </em>com a finalidade de subsidiar a qualificação das pesquisas em saúde e da sua divulgação, contempla, nas suas diretrizes, diferentes tipos de investigação para que autores, revisores e editores disponham de elementos de verificação do rigor científico e do atendimento às recomendações de editores e revisores de periódicos científicos. </p>
Enhanced Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Functionalized Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Yan Yufei , Cheng Baochang , Chen Kaizhe , Cui Wenguo , Qi Jin , Li Xinming , Deng Lianfu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF) from Bombyx mori is a promising natural material for the synthesis of biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels for use in biomedical applications from tissue engineering to drug delivery. However, weak gelation performance and the lack of biochemical cues to trigger cell proliferation and differentiation currently significantly limit its application in these areas. Herein, a biofunctional hydrogel containing SF (2.0%) and a small peptide gelator (e.g., NapFFRGD = 1.0 wt%) is generated via cooperative molecular self‐assembly. The introduction of NapFFRGD to SF is shown to significantly improve its gelation properties by lowering both its threshold gelation concentration to 2.0% and gelation time to 20 min under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4, 37 °C), as well as functionalizing the SF hydrogel with cell‐adhesive motifs (e.g., RGD). Besides mediating cell adhesion, the RGD ligands incorporated within the SF‐RGD gel promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated within the gel matrix, leading to bone regeneration in a mouse calvarial defect model, compared with a blank SF gel (2.0%, pH = 7.4). This work suggests that SF could be easily tailored with bioactive peptide gelators to afford bioactive hydrogels with favorable microenvironments for tissue regeneration applications.
A Surface‐Functionalized Ionovoltaic Device for Probing Ion‐Specific Adsorption at the Solid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Yoon Sun Geun , Yang YoungJun , Jin Huding , Lee Won Hyung , Sohn Ahrum , Kim Sang‐Woo , Park Junwoo , Kim Youn Sang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAqueous ion–solid interfacial interactions at an electric double layer (EDL) are studied in various research fields. However, details of the interactions at the EDL are still not fully understood due to complexity induced from the specific conditions of the solid and liquid parts. Several technical tools for ion–solid interfacial probing are experimentally and practically proposed, but they still show limitations in applicability due to the complicated measurements. Recently, an energy conversion device based on ion dynamics (called ionovoltaic device) was also introduced as another monitoring tool for the EDL, showing applicability as a novel probing method for interfacial interactions. Herein, a monitoring technique for specific ion adsorption (Cu2+ and Pb2+ in the range of 5 × 10−6–1000 × 10−6m) in the solid–liquid interface based on the ionovoltaic device is newly demonstrated. The specific ion adsorption and the corresponding interfacial potentials profiles are also investigated to elucidate a working mechanism of the device. The results give the insight of molecular‐level ion adsorption through macroscopic water‐motion‐induced electricity generation. The simple and cost‐effective detection of the device provides an innovative route for monitoring specific adsorption and expandability as a monitoring tool for various solid–liquid interfacial phenomena that are unrevealed.
Catalytic Hydroboration of Organic Nitriles Promoted by Aluminum Complex
Authors: Harinath Adimulam , Bhattacharjee Jayeeta , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate an efficient protocol for the chemoselective hydroboration of organic nitriles with pinacolborane (HBpin) and catecholborane (HBcat) using aluminum alkyl complex [κ2‐{2‐F−C6H4NP(Se)Ph2}2Al−(Me)] as a pre‐catalyst to afford diboryl amines under solvent‐free and mild conditions (60 °C) in high yield. The aluminum complex was prepared by the reaction of [2‐F−C6H4NHP(Se)Ph2] and trimethylaluminum in toluene. The solid‐state structure of Al complex is established. Nitriles with a wide array of electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating functional groups were easily converted to the desired products through the formation of aluminum hydride as an active species. A kinetic study of the catalytic reaction is also reported.magnified image
Machine Learning–Based Charge Transport Computation for Pentacene
Authors: Lederer Jonas , Kaiser Waldemar , Mattoni Alessandro , Gagliardi Alessio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInsight into the relation between morphology and transport properties of organic semiconductors can be gained using multiscale simulations. Since computing electronic properties, such as the intermolecular transfer integral, using quantum chemical (QC) methods requires a high computational cost, existing models assume several approximations. A machine learning (ML)–based multiscale approach is presented that allows to simulate charge transport in organic semiconductors considering the static disorder within disordered crystals. By mapping fingerprints of dimers to their respective transfer integral, a kernel ridge regression ML algorithm for the prediction of charge transfer integrals is trained and evaluated. Since QC calculations of the electronic structure must be performed only once, the use of ML reduces the computation time radically, while maintaining the prediction error small. Transfer integrals predicted by ML are utilized for the computation of charge carrier mobilities using off‐lattice kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. Benefiting from the rapid performance of ML, microscopic processes can be described accurately without the need for phenomenological approximations. The multiscale system is tested with the well‐known molecular semiconductor pentacene. The presented methodology allows reproducing the experimentally observed anisotropy of the mobility and enables a fast estimation of the impact of disorder.
Realization of a Type‐II Nodal‐Line Semimetal in Mg3Bi2
Authors: Chang Tay‐Rong , Pletikosic Ivo , Kong Tai , Bian Guang , Huang Angus , Denlinger Jonathan , Kushwaha Satya K. , Sinkovic Boris , Jeng Horny‐Tay , Valla Tonica , Xie Weiwei , Cava Robert J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNodal‐line semimetals (NLSs) represent a new type of topological semimetallic phase beyond Weyl and Dirac semimetals in the sense that they host closed loops or open curves of band degeneracies in the Brillouin zone. Parallel to the classification of type‐I and type‐II Weyl semimetals, there are two types of NLSs. The type‐I NLS phase has been proposed and realized in many compounds, whereas the exotic type‐II NLS phase that strongly violates Lorentz symmetry has remained elusive. First‐principles calculations show that Mg3Bi2 is a material candidate for the type‐II NLS. The band crossing is close to the Fermi level and exhibits the type‐II nature of the nodal line in this material. Spin–orbit coupling generates only a small energy gap (≈35 meV) at the nodal points and does not negate the band dispersion of Mg3Bi2 that yields the type‐II nodal line. Based on this prediction, Mg3Bi2 single crystals are synthesized and the presence of the type‐II nodal lines in the material is confirmed. The angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements agree well with the first‐principles results below the Fermi level and thus strongly suggest Mg3Bi2 as an ideal material platform for studying the as‐yet unstudied properties of type‐II nodal‐line semimetals.