bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Field Water Management by Land Consolidation in Paddy Field Zone in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Koshiyama Naoko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe decrease in food supply capability due to the ageing and the reduction of numbers of farmers has been a concern all over Japan in recent years. As a countermeasure by the government, improvement of the agricultural infrastructure has been carried out to concentrate farmland for core farmers and to realize highly profitable agriculture. Hokkaido is the northernmost island of Japan and one of the country's major agricultural zones. Hokkaido's groundwater level control system has been developed in conjunction with land consolidation. Transplanting culture, whereby seedlings are transplanted in a paddy field, is the mainstream technique in Japan. On the other hand, the rate of direct seeding culture, which is advantageous for labour saving as it makes the work of raising seedlings unnecessary, has been increasing. However, variation of paddy rice culture methods will cause changes in water demand. In order to allocate a stable and equitable water use, it is necessary to grasp the basic characteristics of the irrigation plan in the region in the future. This paper introduces an outline of land consolidation in the paddy rice zone in Hokkaido and sets out the factors that have caused the change in field water management. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diarrhea With HER2‐Targeted Agents in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Jing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo fully investigate the diarrhea of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐targeted agents in cancer patients. The relevant studies of the randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) in cancer patients treated with HER2‐targeted agents were retrieved, and the systematic evaluation was conducted. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched for articles published until August 2018. Forty‐two RCTs and 21 633 patients were included. The current meta‐analysis suggested that the use of HER2‐targeted agents significantly increases the risk of developing all‐grade diarrhea (RR, 2.78; 95%CI, 2.37‐3.25; P < .00001) and high‐grade diarrhea (RR, 4.89; 95%CI, 3.09‐7.75; P < .00001). The RRs of all‐grade diarrhea and high‐grade diarrhea varied significantly according to drug type, control group, and treatment regimen. The RR of all‐grade diarrhea varied significantly according to tumor type. Afatinib and neratinib tended to associate with the highest risk of all‐grade diarrhea and high‐grade diarrhea, respectively. Trastuzumab was associated with the lowest risk of diarrhea. Breast cancer patients tended to have a higher risk of all‐grade diarrhea than patients with nonbreast cancer when receiving a HER2‐targeted agent. The available data suggested that the use of HER2‐targeted agents is associated with a significantly increased risk of diarrhea in cancer patients.
An examination of the factors contributing to the expansion of subspecialty genetic counseling
Authors: Haverbusch Victoria C. E. , Heise Elizabeth M. , Foreman Ann Katherine M. , Callanan Nancy P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn recent years, genetic counselors have moved into increasingly varied areas of patient care. Yet limited information is known about how these genetic counselors transitioned from more general clinical practice to subspecialized practice. This study was designed to answer three research questions: (1) What common factors establish a need for a genetic counselor in a subspecialty setting? (2) How do genetic counselors in subspecialties establish their positions? (3) Once established, how do the positions of these genetic counselors evolve as the subspecialty expands? Phone interviews with subspecialized genetic counselors led to the development of an online survey distributed through the National Society of Genetic Counselors ListServ. Sixty‐eight of the 144 initial participants met eligibility criteria for participation as subspecialty genetic counselors in a clinical role. Physician interest in hiring a genetic counselor, clinical need, genetic counselor interest in subspecialty area, and available genetic testing were commonly reported as contributing factors to position creation. Most subspecialty genetic counseling positions were created as new positions, rather than evolved from a previous position. Over time, subspecialty positions drew more departmental funding and included increased clinical coordination or administrative responsibilities. The results of this study can encourage genetic counselors to collaborate with their medical institutions to utilize their skill‐set in diverse areas of patient care.
Differential effective refractory period as a useful marker of multiple accessory pathways
Authors: Helm Robert H. , Varkey Santosh C. , Karnik Ankur A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAccessory pathway (AP) ablation failure may be related to multiple pathways which go unrecognized at the time of electrophysiology study. We present a patient who had two adjacent APs based on different preexcitation patterns as well as effective refractory periods (ERPs) which have not been previously described. Apart from leading to recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), multiple pathways are important to recognize as they more frequently predispose to malignant atrial arrhythmias.
New Approach to Structure–Property Correlations of Different Films of Sorbitan Esters and Their Self‐Assembly into Viscoelastic Monolayers
Authors: Demand Sarah , Egger Simon , Degen Patrick , Salmen Paul , Paulus Michael , Tolan Metin , Rehage Heinz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis publication is focused on the structural origin of viscoelasticity in Langmuir monolayers. To improve the understanding of the structural origin of viscoelasticity of surfactant films, we systematically studied interfacial films of different sorbitan esters with saturated (Span 60 and 65) and unsaturated (Span 80 and 85) paraffin chains by means of surface rheology, Langmuir isotherms, X‐ray reflectometry (XRR), and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). The results of two‐dimensional shear rheological measurements revealed the existence of temporarily cross‐linked networks. In dynamic BAM experiments, we observed a swinging motion of the monolayers as a result of a sudden externally initiated mechanical perturbation. The viscoelastic film response, which relaxed with time as the external force vanished, could be traced back to the presence of foam‐like supramolecular structures that interlinked solid‐condensed domains. The temperature dependence of the elastic response implied that the solid domains decomposed at temperatures close to the bulk melting point of Span 60 and Span 65. We concluded that insoluble surfactants formed solid domains at the interface, which were linked with each other by nonsolid areas, giving viscoelastic films. These newly discovered insights into coherent film formations could provide new opportunities for designing mechanically stable surfactant interfaces.
Brownian motion and Einstein relation for migration of coffee particles in coffee suspensions
Authors: Lin Chih‐Yang , Zhou Wenxiao , Hu Chen‐Ti , Yang Fuqian , Lee Sanboh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe migration of particles in a liquid plays an important role in determining the stability of the corresponding suspension. The preparation of a cup of coffee involves the migration/dispersion of coffee particles in aqueous solutions. We investigate the Brownian motion of coffee particles in coffee suspensions at different temperatures for three different coffee beans via the migration of the coffee particles of the coffee suspensions in water.RESULTSThe activation energies for the Brownian motion of the coffee particles are in the range 23.5–32.0 kJ mol−1, relatively independent of the size of the coffee particles used in the present study. The viscosities of the coffee suspensions are measured as a function of temperature and then used to correlate with the gradient–diffusion coefficient for the Brownian motion of the coffee particles. The activation energies of the rate process controlling the viscous flow of the coffee suspensions are in the range 12.7–14.1 kJ mol−1.CONCLUSIONThe correlation between the viscosity and gradient–diffusion coefficient of the coffee suspensions generally follows the Einstein relation. A temperature dependence exists for the viscosity and gradient–diffusion coefficient of the coffee suspensions, which can be used to understand the brewing of coffee at high temperatures with respect to product refinement. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A Simple Measure of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Burden Predicts Tumor Recurrence After Liver Transplantation: The Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma–Initial, Maximum, Last Classification
Authors: Vutien Philip , Dodge Jennifer , Bambha Kiran M. , Nordstrom Eric M. , Gralla Jane , Campbell Kristen , Levek Claire , Nydam Trevor , Fix Oren , Ioannou George , Biggins Scott W. 
Published: February 2019

Risk of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) after liver transplantation (LT) depends on the pre‐LT HCC burden, tumor behavior, and response to locoregional therapy (LRT). In December 2017, LT priority for HCC was expanded to select patients outside the Milan criteria who respond to LRT. Our aims were to develop a novel objective measure of pre‐LT HCC burden (model of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma–initial, maximum, last [RH‐IML]), incorporating tumor behavior over time, and to apply RH‐IML to model post‐LT rHCC. Using United Network for Organ Sharing data from between 2002‐2014 (development) and 2015‐2017 (validation), we identified adult LT recipients with HCC and assessed pre‐LT HCC tumor behavior and post‐LT rHCC. For each patient, HCC burden was measured at 3 points on the waiting list: initial (I), maximum (M) total tumor diameter, and last (L) exception petition. HCC burden at these 3 points were classified as (A) <Milan, (B) Milan, (C) >Milan to University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and (D) >UCSF, resulting in each patient having a 3‐letter RH‐IML designation. Of 16,558 recipients with HCC, 1233 (7%) had any post‐LT rHCC. rHCC rates were highest in RH‐IML group CCC (15%) and DDD (18%). When M and L tumor burdens did not exceed Milan (class B or A), rHCC was low (≤10%) as in AAA, ABA, ABB, BBA, BBB; rHCC was also low (≤10%) with successful downstaging when L was A (<Milan) and M tumor burden did not exceed I, as in BBA, CCA, and DDA. In conclusion, the RH‐IML classification system is a simple summative measure of HCC burden that incorporates tumor behavior over time. RH‐IML also estimates post‐LT rHCC risk and is a useful tool for evaluating risk for rHCC post‐LT.
The protective role of rs56103835 against breast cancer onset in the Iranian population
Authors: Naderi Negin , Peymani Maryam , Ghaedi Kamran 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women and the highest cause of death due to cancer among women aged 40–45. SNPs can be used to identify disease‐related genes such as cancer as they can be genetic markers. Furthermore, SNPs in the molecular‐level miRNA structure are also associated with a set of cancers. Studies have shown that miR‐323b plays a tumor suppressor role by reducing the tissues and serum of the affected individuals. So far, no study regarding rs56103835 polymorphism in the precursor of miR‐323b has been conducted in the breast cancer. In this study, the association of this SNP with the incidence of breast cancer in the Iranian population has been investigated.MethodIn order to correlate rs56103835 polymorphism with breast cancer, 161 patients and 162 healthy people as the control group were examined. They had been homogenized based on their age and gender. The genotype of individuals for the polymorphism was determined by the PCR‐RFLP method. The association of this polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer, the age of the onset of disease, and pathological characteristics of the patients was then analyzed.ResultsThe findings showed that there is no significant correlation between the frequency of its genotypes among the healthy and patient populations while the TT genotype increased the age of the disease in patients, as compared to other genotypes (p = 0.035, OR = 0.487).Discussion and ConclusionThe C allele is likely to inhibit the expression of BRCA2 by interfering with the processing of this pre‐miRNA and increasing the expression of target genes such as BRCA2. Because one of the early onset genes in breast cancer is the BRCA2, the presence of any of C and T alleles can have a significant effect on the incidence of the disease. To further confirm this data, however, more molecular studies are needed.
AARS2 leukoencephalopathy: A new variant of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
Authors: Tang Yi , Qin Qi , Xing Yi , Guo Dongmei , Di Li , Jia Jianping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the mitochondrial alanyl‐transfer (t)RNA synthetase 2 (AARS2,OMIM:612035) have been linked to leukoencephalopathy recently. Till now, there have been 19 cases reported so far. However, the clinical and genetic characteristics of this disease are not fully understood. We reported an adult‐onset male leukoencephalopathy patient related to novel AARS2 gene mutations and reviewed all previous cases regarding the clinical and genetic features of AARS2 leukoencephalopathy.MethodsThe spectrum of clinical symptoms and the genetic analysis of the presented patient were identified and investigated. Besides this case, we assessed previously reported cases with AARS2 gene mutations.ResultsHere, we present a 30‐year‐old man with progressive motor deficits in the right lower limb and severe cerebellar ataxia for one year. MRI revealed extensive white matter lesions in periventricular regions and along the corticospinal tract. Genetic analysis revealed two new heterogeneous missense mutations in AARS2: c.179C>A and c.1703_1704del. We described the ragged red fiber (RRF) for the first time, suggesting that AARS2‐related leukoencephalopathy be a new variant of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Gradual improvement in motor function was observed with intravenous coenzyme complex treatment. We also summarized our case and all previously reported cases to provide an overview of AARS2‐related late‐onset leukoencephalopathy. Then, we compared clinical and neuroimaging features of AARS2‐related leukoencephalopathy with three other frequently diagnosed types of adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy to provide insight into diagnostic strategies.ConclusionThe characteristic MRI abnormalities and clinical symptoms described here may help to distinguish AARS2‐related leukoencephalopathy from other adult‐onset leukoencephalopathies. The combination of encephalopathy and myopathy strongly suggest that AARS2‐related leukoencephalopathy is a new variant of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. The response to coenzyme complex will shed light on future therapy investigation.
Von elementarem Fluor und gewagten Experimenten
Authors: Kraus Florian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEin Beitrag über das Element Fluor, seine chemischen Eigenschaften, seine einzigartige Reaktivität und sein Vorkommen als elementares F2 auf der Erde. Dazu: Sichere Experimente mit elementarem Fluor für die Lehre und einfache Betrachtungen zur Toxizität von Fluor und Fluoriden.
Abschlusssymposium des Graduiertenkollegs SeleCa
Authors: Schindler Tobias , Spaniol Thomas P. , Tauchert Michael E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnde November 2018 fand in Aachen das Abschlusssymposium des internationalen Graduiertenkollegs Selectivity in Chemo‐ and Biocatalysis (SeleCa) mit mehr als 100 Teilnehmern statt. 39 Doktoranden aus Osaka und Aachen ergänzten mit Flashpräsentationen und einer Postersession die Fachvorträge von 15 Referenten. Die Vorträge orientierten sich am Fokus des Graduiertenkollegs, in dem zwölf Gruppen der RWTH, zwei Gruppen des Forschungszentrums Jülich und elf Arbeitskreise der Osaka University in Japan kooperieren.
Effect of salt intake reduction on nocturia in patients with excessive salt intake
Authors: Matsuo Tomohiro , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Sakai Hideki 
Published: February 2019

AimsTo assess the efficacy of salt reduction for improving nocturia in patients with high salt intake.MethodsChanges in lower urinary symptoms and frequency volume chart by salt intake (men: 8 g/day; women: ≥7 g/day) were analyzed in this prospective study. Patients were instructed to use a brochure for salt intake restriction via interview once every four weeks. The daily salt intake was estimated by using spot urine samples.ResultsTwo‐hundred twenty‐three (69.5%) patients were successful in reducing their daily salt intake (S group), whereas 98 (30.5%) patients failed to reduce their salt intake (F group). In the S group, nocturia improved from 2.3 ± 0.9 to 1.4 ± 1.0, and nocturnal polyuria index (NPi) improved from 30.2 ± 7.5 to 27.7 ± 7.3% (P < 0.001). In the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS) of the S group, Q3 (urgency) improved from 1.0 ± 1.0 to 0.9 ± 1.0 (P = 0.001); Q1 (diurnal frequency) (P < 0.001), and Q2 (nocturia) also improved (P < 0.001). Moreover, the quality of life parameter improved significantly (P < 0.001). The patients in the F group did not have improvements in any symptom during the study period.ConclusionsPatients with nocturia who also have high salt intake should be advised to reduce their salt intake, as a lifestyle modification. Our results support the importance of randomized clinical trials with larger populations and the appropriate inclusion/exclusion criteria to conclude the clinical usefulness of salt reduction in this patient cohort.
A leverage points perspective on sustainability
Authors: Fischer Joern , Riechers Maraja 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Drawing on seminal work by the late Donella Meadows, we propose a leverage points perspective as a hitherto under‐recognized heuristic and practical tool for sustainability science. A leverage points perspective focuses on places to intervene in complex systems to bring about transformative change.

A leverage points perspective recognizes increasingly influential leverage points relating to changes in parameters, feedbacks, system design and the intent encapsulated by a given system. We discuss four key advantages of a leverage points perspective.

First advantage: A leverage points perspective can bridge causal and teleological explanations of system change – that is, change is seen to arise from variables influencing one another, but also from how human intent shapes the trajectory of a system.

Second advantage: A leverage points perspective explicitly recognizes influential, ‘deep’ leverage points – places at which interventions are difficult but likely to yield truly transformative change.

Third advantage: A leverage points perspective enables the examination of interactions between shallow and deep system changes – sometimes, relatively superficial interventions may pave the way for deeper changes, while at other times, deeper changes may be required for superficial interventions to work.

Fourth advantage: A leverage points perspective can function as a methodological boundary object – that is, providing a common entry point for academics from different disciplines and other societal stakeholders to work together.

Drawing on these strengths could initiate a new stream of sustainability studies, and may yield both practical and theoretical advances.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Ascertaining the place of library & information science in knowledge management research
Authors: Agarwal Naresh Kumar , Islam Anwarul 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn the past few years, many researchers and practitioners have shown the value of applying knowledge management (KM) in libraries and other information settings – so as to serve the patron better and to innovate services. However, it is unclear to what extent has mainstream KM literature embraced LIS research as a domain within KM. In this research, we seek to ascertain the place of the LIS field in KM journals by analysing what the top KM journals – as identified by Google Scholar – have published on LIS in the last two decades since the year 2000. We analysed the publication trends, and the distribution of these articles by LIS‐related terms used, region/country and information setting type. We also identified the top‐cited LIS articles from within these and their coverage in different journals and in different years. 83 LIS‐related articles were found within the 4601 research articles published in top KM journals. Only 1.8% of the KM articles were LIS‐related. By showing the relatively low coverage of LIS within KM research, the study demonstrates that LIS researchers/practitioners need to do more to be recognized as an important area within KM. KM journals can also enable greater synergies with LIS for mutual benefit.
Edge perspectives in online scholarly communities: A network analysis of #critlib
Authors: Coombs Philip Espinola , Rhinesmith Colin 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe use of Twitter by scholars for public engagement is well‐established in the literature. However, fewer studies have looked into the composition of users engaged in scholarly communication on Twitter. This paper considers the degree to which Twitter chats are dominated by established versus emerging or amateur scholars through an investigation of #critlib, a hashtag around which library and information scholars and practitioners have congregated. #critlib Tweets over a period of three months are examined using social network analysis to determine the users most central to the conversation. The findings show that #critlib serves as an important space for emerging and amateur scholars to participate in the co‐creation of knowledge alongside experts in the field of LIS across a dispersed global network. The paper contributes to our knowledge of the #critlib community itself, suggests an impact of social media on the composition of scholarly communities, and deepens our understanding of networked participatory scholarship through the introduction of the idea of edge perspectives.
What do the US West Coast public libraries post on Twitter?
Authors: Karami Amir , Collins Matthew 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTTwitter has provided a great opportunity for public libraries to disseminate information for a variety of purposes. Twitter data have been applied in different domains such as health, politics, and history. There are thousands of public libraries in the US, but no study has yet investigated the content of their social media posts like tweets to find their interests. Moreover, traditional content analysis of Twitter content is not an efficient task for exploring thousands of tweets. Therefore, there is a need for automatic methods to overcome the limitations of manual methods. This paper proposes a computational approach to collecting and analyzing using Twitter Application Programming Interfaces (API) and investigates more than 138,000 tweets from 48 US west coast libraries using topic modeling. We found 20 topics and assigned them to five categories including public relations, book, event, training, and social good. Our results show that the US west coast libraries are more interested in using Twitter for public relations and book‐related events. This research has both practical and theoretical applications for libraries as well as other organizations to explore social media actives of their customer and themselves.