bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does text–picture integration also occur with longer text segments?
Authors: Schüler Anne , Arndt Jana , Scheiter Katharina 
Published: April 2019

SummaryText–picture integration is one of the most important cognitive processes when reading illustrated text. There is empirical evidence that text‐picture integration takes place when learning with pictures combined with single sentences. The present experiment investigated whether text–picture integration also takes place when the single sentences are embedded into longer text segments and hence when materials become more complex. In a within‐subjects design, 43 participants read an illustrated story, in which the different combinations of general and specific sentences and pictures, respectively, were embedded. In line with previous findings, participants were more likely to falsely recognize specific versions of the sentences after having studied their general versions combined with specific pictures. Thus, the experiment shows that text–picture integration also occurs when learners have to read longer text passages combined with pictures.
Learner control of the pacing of an online slideshow lesson: Does segmenting help?
Authors: Mayer Richard E. , Wells Ashleigh , Parong Jocelyn , Howarth Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryHow can we improve the instructional effectiveness of an online slideshow lesson? In the present study, college students received a 12‐slide multimedia slideshow lesson on how a geographic information system works. In a 2 × 2 design, the lesson was presented one complete slide at a time (large segment) or added one section of the slide at a time (small segment) when the student pressed the CONTINUE key, and the words were presented in printed form (text) or spoken form (voice). Students performed significantly better on a transfer posttest when the lesson was paced in small segments rather than large segments (d = 0.34); there was no effect or interaction involving modality. The small‐segment version was rated as less difficult than the large‐segment version (d = 0.43). The segmenting principle was supported in the context of online slideshows.
Potential Role of Cost and Quality of Life in Treatment Decisions for Arthritis‐Related Knee Pain in African American and Latina Women
Authors: Gaskin Darrell J. , Karmarkar Taruja D. , Maurer Anne , Bucay‐Harari Linda , Casillas Giselle , Gittens Allyson , Jones Lynne C. , Thorpe Roland J. , Tolbert Elliott , Wood James E. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to investigate whether Latina and African American women with arthritis‐related knee pain and primary care providers who treat them believe their treatment decisions would benefit from having more information about the impact of treatment on their quality of life, medical care costs, and work productivity.MethodsWe conducted 4 focus groups of Latina and African American women over age 45 years who had knee pain. We also conducted 2 focus groups with primary care providers who treated Latina and African American women for knee pain. The participants were recruited from the community. They were asked their opinions about a decision tool that presented information on a range of treatment options and their impacts on quality of life, medical care costs, and work productivity. They were asked whether providing this information would help them make better treatment decisions. We analyzed the focus group transcripts using ATLAS.ti.ResultsWe found that minority women and primary care providers endorsed the use of a decision‐making tool that provided information of the impact of treatment on quality of life, medical care costs, and work productivity. Providers felt that patients would benefit from having the additional information but were concerned about its complexity and some patients’ ability to comprehend the information.ConclusionLatina and African American women could make more informed treatment decisions for their knee pain using a decision‐making tool that provides them with significant information about how various treatment options may impact their quality of life, medical care costs, and workforce productivity.
Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Cross‐Cultural Validity of Functional Status Assessment Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kulhawy‐Wibe Stephanie C. , Zell JoAnn , Michaud Kaleb , Yazdany Jinoos , Davis Aileen M. , Ehrlich‐Jones Linda , Thorne J. Carter , Everix Donna , Cappelli Laura C. , Suter Lisa G. , Limanni Alex , Barber Claire E. H. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and appraisal of the cross‐cultural adaptation and cross‐cultural validity of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and its derivatives, and of the more recent Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) functional status assessment measures (FSAMs) in rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsFour electronic medical databases were searched from inception until April 4, 2018 according to the Consensus‐Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) group search strategy. Included studies were evaluated using the COSMIN tool for cross‐cultural validity and were scored as excellent, good, fair, or poor.ResultsOf 58 articles identified by our search strategy and 3 by manual search, 39 were included: 29 described the translation, cultural adaptation, or cross‐cultural validity of the HAQ disability index, 8 other HAQ derivatives, and 2 PROMIS measures, representing 22 languages. Of the 39 articles reviewed, 3 examined the cross‐cultural validity of translated versions. These studies were rated as follows: 2 as excellent, 3 good, 13 fair, and 21 poor. Two studies examining cross‐cultural validity noted differential item functioning (DIF) between Dutch and US populations for the HAQ‐II and PROMIS measures, and a third study found DIF between Turkish and UK populations on the HAQ, indicating cultural differences in questionnaire response.ConclusionThis review highlights a paucity of data on the cross‐cultural validity of FSAMs and the mostly poor‐ or fair‐quality methods by which they were translated and adapted, which needs to be considered when using these measures for multinational clinical trials and for day‐to‐day use in clinical practice.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Golimumab Through One Year in Patients With Active Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Husni M. Elaine , Kavanaugh Arthur , Murphy Frederick , Rekalov Dmytro , Harrison Diane D. , Kim Lilianne , Lo Kim Hung , Leu Jocelyn H. , Hsia Elizabeth C. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) golimumab in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) through 1 year.MethodsGO‐VIBRANT was a phase III, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of 480 adults with active PsA. Patients were randomized to receive IV placebo (n = 239) or golimumab 2 mg/kg (n = 241) at weeks 0, 4, and every 8 weeks, with placebo crossover to golimumab at weeks 24, 28, and every 8 weeks thereafter. Efficacy through week 52 was assessed using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) ≥20%, 50%, or 70% improvement criteria (ACR20/50/70), and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ≥75% improvement criteria (PASI75). Radiographic progression was measured using the PsA‐modified Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS). Adverse events (AEs) were monitored through week 60.ResultsThe primary and major secondary end points through week 24 were achieved. At week 52, 76.8% of patients in the golimumab group and 77.0% in the placebo‐crossover group achieved an ACR20 response, 58.1% and 53.6%, respectively, achieved an ACR50 response, and 38.6% and 33.9%, respectively, achieved an ACR70 response. Among patients with ≥3% body surface area affected, 71.9% in the golimumab group and 60.6% in the placebo‐crossover group achieved a PASI75 response at week 52. Mean change from baseline in total SHS at week 52 was –0.5 in the golimumab group and 0.8 in the placebo‐crossover group. Through week 60, 50.9% of all golimumab‐treated patients had ≥1 AE, and 5.2% had ≥1 serious AE. There were no opportunistic infections, 2 malignancies, and 1 death in patients treated with golimumab.ConclusionSustained improvements in joint and skin disease in patients with PsA were maintained through 1 year in the GO‐VIBRANT study. No new safety signals for IV golimumab were identified.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations on Aspergillus niger Monoamine Oxidase: Conformational Dynamics and Inter‐monomer Communication Essential for Its Efficient Catalysis
Authors: Curado‐Carballada Christian , Feixas Ferran , Osuna Sílvia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAspergillus niger Monoamine Oxidase (MAO‐N) is a homodimeric enzyme responsible for the oxidation of amines into the corresponding imine. Laboratory evolved variants of MAO‐N in combination with a non‐selective chemical reductant represents a powerful strategy for the deracemisation of chiral amine mixtures and, thus, is of interest for obtaining chiral amine building blocks. As we reported recently, MAO‐N presents a rich conformational dynamics with a flexible β‐hairpin region that can adopt closed, partially closed and open states. Despite the β‐hairpin conformational dynamics is altered along the laboratory evolutionary pathway of MAO‐N, the connection between the β‐hairpin conformational dynamics and how this affects active site catalysis still remains unclear. In this work, we use accelerated molecular dynamics to elucidate the potential interplay between the β‐hairpin conformational dynamics and catalytic activity in MAO‐N wild type (WT) and its evolved D5 variant. Our study reveals a delicate communication between both MAO‐N monomers that impacts the active site architecture, and thus its catalytic efficiency. In both MAO‐N WT and the laboratory evolved D5 variant, the β‐hairpin conformation in one of the monomers affects the productive binding of the substrate in the active site of the other subunit. However, both MAO‐N WT and D5 variants show a quite different behaviour due to the impact of distal mutations introduced experimentally with Directed Evolution on the conformational dynamics of the enzyme.magnified image
Examining U.S. grain marketing and farm supply cooperatives’ sustainable growth rates
Authors: Smart Nathan , Briggeman Brian C. , Tack Jesse , Perry Edward 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA challenge for many U.S. grain marketing and farm supply cooperatives is ensuring that exceptional growth rates are sustainable in the long run. Growing too rapidly can sacrifice financial soundness, causing a business to effectively grow broke. The objective of this study is to examine whether or not U.S. grain marketing and farm supply cooperatives are able to manage their recent growth. To do so, we apply the sustainable growth rate (SGR) and sustainable growth challenge (SGC) metrics to a unique panel data set of United States cooperatives. Examining the SGRs for these cooperatives suggests that positive net profit margins are key to positive growth. When actual growth exceeds sustainable growth, most cooperatives are able to rapidly alleviate this difference through increasing leverage or operational efficiency. However, some cooperatives face more persistent growth challenges and are thus the most at risk of growing broke. Large cooperatives and cooperatives more dependent on farm supply sales rely heavily on leverage for managing growth.
Direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists after recent ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Seiffge David J. , Paciaroni Maurizio , Wilson Duncan , Koga Masatoshi , Macha Kosmas , Cappellari Manuel , Schaedelin Sabine , Shakeshaft Clare , Takagi Masahito , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Bonetti Bruno , Kallmünzer Bernd , Arihiro Shoji , Alberti Andrea , Polymeris Alexandros A. , Ambler Gareth , Yoshimura Sohei , Venti Michele , Bonati Leo H. , Muir Keith W. , Yamagami Hiroshi , Thilemann Sebastian , Altavilla Riccardo , Peters Nils , Inoue Manabu , Bobinger Tobias , Agnelli Giancarlo , Brown Martin M. , Sato Shoichiro , Acciarresi Monica , Jager Hans Rolf , Bovi Paolo , Schwab Stefan , Lyrer Philippe , Caso Valeria , Toyoda Kazunori , Werring David J. , Engelter Stefan T. , De Marchis Gian Marco ,   on behalf of the CROMIS‐2, RAF, RAF‐DOAC, SAMURAI, NOACISP LONGTERM, Erlangen and Verona registry collaborators
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveWe compared outcomes after treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a recent cerebral ischemia.MethodsWe conducted an individual patient data analysis of seven prospective cohort studies. We included patients with AF and a recent cerebral ischemia (<3 months before starting oral anticoagulation) and a minimum follow‐up of 3 months. We analyzed the association between type of anticoagulation (DOAC versus VKA) with the composite primary endpoint (recurrent ischemic stroke [AIS], intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH], or mortality) using mixed‐effects Cox proportional hazards regression models; we calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsWe included 4,912 patients (median age, 78 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 71–84]; 2,331 [47.5%] women; median National Institute of Health Stroke Severity Scale at onset, 5 [IQR, 2–12]); 2,256 (45.9%) patients received VKAs and 2,656 (54.1%) DOACs. Median time from index event to starting oral anticoagulation was 5 days (IQR, 2–14) for VKAs and 5 days (IQR, 2–11) for DOACs (p = 0.53). There were 262 acute ischemic strokes (AISs; 4.4%/year), 71 intracranial hemorrrhages (ICHs; 1.2%/year), and 439 deaths (7.4%/year) during the total follow‐up of 5,970 patient‐years. Compared to VKAs, DOAC treatment was associated with reduced risks of the composite endpoint (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67–1.00; p = 0.05) and ICH (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24–0.71; p < 0.01); we found no differences for the risk of recurrent AIS (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.70–1.19; p = 0.5) and mortality (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68–1.03; p = 0.09).InterpretationDOAC treatment commenced early after recent cerebral ischemia related to AF was associated with reduced risk of poor clinical outcomes compared to VKA, mainly attributed to lower risks of ICH. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:823–834.
Mechanistic Insight into the Reaction of Organic Acids with SO3 at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Zhong Jie , Li Hao , Kumar Manoj , Liu Jiarong , Liu Ling , Zhang Xiuhui , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Francisco Joseph S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe gas‐phase reaction of organic acids with SO3 has been recognized as essential in promoting aerosol‐particle formation. However, at the air–water interface, this reaction is much less understood. We performed systematic Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations to study the reaction of various organic acids with SO3 on a water droplet. The results show that with the involvement of interfacial water molecules, organic acids can react with SO3 and form the ion pair of sulfuric‐carboxylic anhydride and hydronium. This mechanism is in contrast to the gas‐phase reaction mechanisms in which the organic acid either serves as a catalyst for the reaction between SO3 and H2O or reacts with SO3 directly. The distinct reaction at the water surface has important atmospheric implications, for example, promoting water condensation, uptaking atmospheric condesation species, and incorporating “SO42−” into organic species in aerosol particles. Therefore, this reaction, typically occurring within a few picoseconds, provides another pathway towards aerosol formation.
Negative Charging of Au Nanoparticles during Methanol Synthesis from CO2/H2 on a Au/ZnO Catalyst: Insights from Operando IR and Near‐Ambient‐Pressure XPS and XAS Measurements
Authors: Abdel‐Mageed Ali M. , Klyushin Alexander , Rezvani Azita , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Schlögl Robert , Behm R. Jürgen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe electronic and structural properties of Au/ZnO under industrial and idealized methanol synthesis conditions have been investigated. This was achieved by kinetic measurements in combination with time‐resolved operando infrared (DRIFTS) as well as in situ near‐ambient pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP‐XPS) and X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES) measurements at the O K‐edge together with high‐resolution electron microscopy. The adsorption of CO during the reaction revealed the presence of negatively charged Au nanoparticles/Au sites during the initial phase of the reaction. Near‐ambient‐pressure XPS and XANES demonstrate the build‐up of O vacancies during the reaction, which goes along with a substantial increase in the rate of methanol formation. The results are discussed in comparison with previous findings for Cu/ZnO and Au/ZnO catalysts.
Synthesis of absorbent polymer films made from fatty acid methyl esters, glycerol, and glutaric acid: Thermal, mechanical, and porosity analyses
Authors: Boakye Prince G. , Jones Kerby C. , Latona Nicholas P. , Liu Cheng‐Kung , Strahan Gary , Zhang Jianwei , Besong Samuel A. , Lumor Stephen E. , Wyatt Victor T. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn previous studies, monoglycerides (MGs) were incorporated into the matrix of poly(glutaric acid–glycerol) films to investigate their effect on the thermal, mechanical, and solvent absorption properties of the resultant films. In this study, the same properties were monitored when fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were added to the polymer film formulation. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that, while the decomposition profile of the FAME and MG‐infused films were different, the final decomposition temperatures were similar for both film types at approximately 400 °C. Degree of branching (DB%) was calculated from nuclear magnetic resonance data and was used to examine the effect of DB% on the mechanical and absorption properties of the films. Experimental results did not show any correlation with DB% and any of the physical, chemical, mechanical, or thermal properties studied. Relative to the poly(glycerol–glutaric acid) control, the incorporation of MG into the polymer matrix resulted in improved % absorption but decreased the mechanical property values. Conversely, adding FAME into the matrix improved the mechanical property values; however, there was no significant change in the % absorption values relative to the control. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47822.
Gentle Perineal Skin Stimulation for Control of Nocturia
Authors: Hotta Harumi , Watanabe Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTOne of the major causes of nocturia is overactive bladder (OAB). Somatic afferent nerve stimuli are used for treating OAB. However, clinical evidence for the efficacy of this treatment is insufficient due to the lack of appropriate control stimuli. Studies on anesthetized animals, which eliminate emotional factors and placebo effects, have demonstrated an influence of somatic stimuli on urinary bladder functions and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. In general, the effects of somatic stimuli are dependent on the modality, location, and physical characteristics of the stimulus. Recently we showed that gentle stimuli applied to the perineal skin using a soft elastomer roller inhibited micturition contractions to a greater extent than a roller with a hard surface. Studies aiming to elucidate the neural mechanisms of gentle stimulation‐induced inhibition reported that 1–10 Hz discharges of low‐threshold cutaneous mechanoreceptive Aβ, Aδ, and C fibers evoked during stimulation with an elastomer roller inhibited the micturition reflex by activating the spinal cord opioid system, thereby reducing both ascending and descending transmission between bladder and pontine micturition center. The present review will provide a brief summary of (1) the effect of somatic electrical stimulation on the micturition reflex, (2) the effect of gentle mechanical skin stimulation on the micturition reflex, (3) the afferent, efferent, and central mechanisms underlying the effects of gentle stimulation, and (4) a translational clinical study demonstrating the efficacy of gentle skin stimuli for treating nocturia in the elderly with OAB by using the two roller types inducing distinct effects on rat micturition contractions. Anat Rec, 302:1824–1836, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Catalytic C−H Borylation Using Iron Complexes Bearing 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydroisoindol‐2‐ide‐Based PNP‐Type Pincer Ligand
Authors: Kato Takeru , Kuriyama Shogo , Nakajima Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCatalytic C−H borylation has been reported using newly designed iron complexes bearing a 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoindol‐2‐ide‐based PNP pincer ligand. The reaction tolerated various five‐membered heteroarenes, such as pyrrole derivatives, as well as six‐membered aromatic compounds, such as toluene. Successful examples of the iron‐catalyzed sp3 C−H borylation of anisole derivatives were also presented.
Lipophilicity and bio‐mimetic properties determination of phytoestrogens using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Lasić Kornelija , Bokulić Ana , Milić Astrid , Nigović Biljana , Mornar Ana 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents lipophilicity and bio‐mimetic property determination of 15 phytoestrogens, namely biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein, genistein‐4,7‐dimethylether, prunetin, 3,4,7‐trihydroxyisoflavon, 4,6,7‐trihydroxyisoflavon, 4,6,7‐trimethoxyisoflavon, daidzin, genistin, ononin, sissotrin, coumestrol and coumestrol dimethylether. High‐performance liquid chromatography with fast gradient elution and Caco‐2 cell line were used to determine the physicochemical properties of selected phytoestrogens. Lipophilicity was determined on octadecyl‐sylane stationary phase using pH 2.0 and pH 7.4 buffers. Immobilized artificial membrane chromatography was used for prediction of interaction with biological membranes. Protein binding was measured on human serum albumin and α‐1‐acid‐glycoprotein (AGP) stationary phases. Caco‐2 assay was used as a gold standard for assessing in vitro permeability. The obtained results differentiate phytoestrogens according to their structure where aglycones show significantly higher lipophilicity, immobilized artificial membrane partitioning, AGP binding and Caco‐2 permeability compared with glucosides. However, human serum albumin binding was very high for all investigated compounds. Furthermore, a good correlation between experimentally obtained chromatographic parameters and in silico prediction was obtained for lipophilicity and human serum albumin binding, while the somewhat greater difference was obtained for AGP binding and Caco‐2 permeability.
A clinical case–control comparison of epidermal innervation density in Rett syndrome
Authors: Symons Frank J. , Barney Chantel C. , Byiers Breanne J. , McAdams Brian D. , Foster Shawn X. Y. L. , Feyma Timothy J. , Wendelschafer‐Crabb Gwen , Kennedy William R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionRett syndrome (RTT), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder occurring primarily in females (1:10–15,000 female live births), is most often caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the X‐linked methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 gene (MECP2). Clinical observations and preclinical findings indicate apparent abnormal sensory and nociceptive function. There have been no direct investigations of epidermal sensory innervation in patients with RTT.MethodsWe compared 3 mm epidermal punch biopsy specimens from adolescent female RTT patients (N = 4, aged 12–19 years) against an archived approximate age‐, sex‐, body‐site matched comparison sample of healthy adolescent females (N = 8, ages 11–17).ResultsConfocal imaging revealed, on average, statistically significant increased epidermal nerve fiber (ENF) peptidergic (co‐stained calcitonin gene‐related protein [CGRP]) innervation density compared with healthy female control individuals.ConclusionsGiven the clinical phenotype of disrupted sensory function along with diagnostic criteria specific to cold hands/feet and insensitivity to pain, our preliminary observations of ENF peptidergic fiber density differences warrants further investigation of the peripheral neurobiology in RTT.