bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D-Phe-Pro-Arg-Chloromethylketone: Its Potential Use in Inhibiting the Formation of In Vitro Artifacts in Blood Collected During Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Mohler M A , Refino C J , Chen S A , Chen A B , Hotchkiss A J 
Published: July 2018

Summary
In vitro artifacts due to proteolysis may occur in blood samples containing recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) due to continued activation of plasminogen to plasmin by rt-PA. The aim of this study was to identify a rapid inhibitor of rt-PA that would not interfere in assays designed to monitor thrombolytic events.When rt-PA was added at 5 μg/ml to whole blood and incubated at 25° C, fibrinogen decreased 50 percent, plasminogen levels decreased 90 percent and α2-antiplasmin decreased below detectable levels. If D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone (PPACK) or aprotinin were added before the addition of rt-PA there was no significant loss of fibrinogen. Only PPACK completely inhibited changes in fibrin degradation products, plasminogen and α2-antiplasmin. PPACK was also found to inhibit the binding of rt-PA to plasma protease inhibitors in vitro.Rhesus monkeys were infused with rt-PA and blood samples were taken with either PPACK or aprotinin in the collection syringe. There was a significant increase in the recovery of immunoreactive rt-PA and consistent measures of fibrinogen, FDPs, plasminogen, and α2-antiplasmin in the PPACK group as compared to the aprotinin group which indicates that PPACK will prevent the in vitro formation of artifacts due to the presence of active rt-PA
The Diurnal Increase in Euglobulin Fibrinolytic Activity in Women Using Oral Contraceptives and in Normal Women, and the Generation of Intrinsic Fibrinolytic Activity
Authors: Jespersen Jørgen 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe diurnal fluctuations in plasma euglobulin fibrinolytic activity in women on oral contraceptives and in normal women showed similar patterns of increase. Following inactivation of inhibitors by flufenamate the individual increases and the evening levels did not differ. The diurnal increase was related to an increase in extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, which contributes little to the total activity of the euglobulin fraction but induces an activation of the intrinsic system.
Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Calf Compression On Postoperative Thrombin and Plasmin Activity
Authors: Weitz Jeffrey , Michelsen Jost , Gold Kenneth , Owen John , Carpenter Duncan 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA previous study of neurosurgical patients demonstrated an imbalance between thrombin and plasmin action following surgery. The present study was designed to determine the effect of intermittent pneumatic calf compression on postoperative enzyme activity. Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and Bβ 1-42 levels, reflecting thrombin and plasmin action respectively, were measured daily in patients undergoing elective craniotomy. Two of 9 patients not receiving calf compression developed positive fibrinogen leg scans, while none of 5 patients receiving prophylaxis had positive scans. Calf compression was associated with a markedly altered pattern of changes in the fibrinopeptide values following surgery. Without compression, there was perturbation of the balance between thrombin and plasmin action on the day after surgery as reflected by an increase in the FPA/Bβ 1-42 ratio. In contrast, in those receiving prophylaxis there was no change in this ratio on the first postoperative day. Calf compression both blunted the mean postoperative increase in the FPA level (1.8 nM vs 4.7 nM; p <.05) and augmented the mean Bβ 1-42 value (3.0 nM vs 0.2 nM; p <.05) so that the mean increase in the FPA/ Bβ 1-42 ratio was only 0.1 with calf compression as compared to 2.2 without it (p <.05). Systemic modulation of both the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways thus occurred in association with calf compression.
Purification and Characterization of Single-Chain Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (Pro-Urokinase) from Human A431 Cells
Authors: Corti Angelo , Nolli Maria Luisa , Soffientini Adolfo , Cassani Giovanni 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (A431sc-uPA) was purified ˜18,000-fold from A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell supernatants by monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography on 5B4-agarose and ion-exchange FPLC (overall yield 63%). More than 100 jig of A431sc-uPA can be recovered per liter of supernatant. The product is homogeneous by SDS-PAGE and reverse phase FPLC analysis while two main isoelectric forms of pi 9.05 and pi 9.20 were observed by IEF. SDS-PAGE in reducing and non-reducing conditions, Western blot analysis and zymography showed that A431sc-uPA is a single-chain protein of about 50,000 Mr immunologically related to urokinase (uPA) and distinct from tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The N-terminal aminoacid sequence of A431sc-uPA (27 residues) is identical to that of human kidney single-chain uPA. A431sc-uPA does not incorporate 3H-diisopropylfluorophosphate and is virtually inactive on the synthetic substrate S-2444. Plasmin treatment converts A431sc-uPA into a two-chain active form with a fibrinolytic specific activity of 123,000 I.U./mg.
Betrachtungen zu einer möglichen Neuregulierung der Cannabispolitik in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung der Erfahrungen aus den Niederlanden und Colorado
Authors: Neu Peter 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland wird seit einiger Zeit zunehmend über eine neue Cannabispolitik nachgedacht. Von vielen Seiten wird die Forderung nach einer Liberalisierung oder Freigabe des Cannabis laut. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst die wichtigsten Erfahrungen der Cannabis-Politik aus den Niederlanden und dem US-Bundesstaat Colorado zusammen und versucht, daraus Schlussfolgerungen für eine mögliche Neuregulierung der Cannabispolitik in Deutschland abzuleiten.
Einschlusskörpermyopathie, Paget-Krankheit und frontotemporale Demenz: eine VCP-bedingte, multisystemische Proteinopathie
Authors: Mengel David , Librizzi Damiano , Schoser Benedikt , Gläser Dieter , Clemen Christoph S. , Dodel Richard , Schröder Rolf 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungMutationen des humanen VCP-Gens, welches für das Valosin-enthaltende Protein (engl. Valosin Containing Protein; Synonyme: p97, TER ATPase) kodiert, sind mit verschiedenen multisystemischen Proteinaggregationserkrankungen assoziiert. Wir stellen einen Patienten vor, der an einer progressiven Myopathie und beginnenden kognitiven Defiziten leidet. In der diagnostischen Muskelbiospie zeigte sich das Bild einer Einschlusskörpermyopathie mit Proteinaggregaten. Die kraniale MRT- und F18-FDG-PET/CT Bildgebung erbrachte den Nachweis einer deutlichen fronto-temporalen Atrophie sowie einer fronto-temporalen Hypoperfusion. Basierend auf der klinischen Symptomatik des Patienten erfolgte eine molekulargenetische Diagnostik, die eine heterozygote c.277C>T (p.Arg93Cys) Mutation des VCP-Gens detektierte, so dass abschließend die Diagnose einer IBMPFD (engl. Inclusion Body Myopathie with Paget Disease of the Bones and Fronto-temporal Dementia) gestellt werden konnte.
Ergebnisse ambulanter orthopädischer Rehabilitation Ergebnismessung mittels Funktionsfragebogen-Hannover-Rücken, DASH- und WOMAC-Score
Authors: Müller Marcus , Gunselmann Isabelle 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie dient der Evaluation der Behandlungsergebnisse einer ambulanten orthopädischen Rehabilitationseinrichtung im Zeitraum 2013–2016. Die Ergebnisse dokumentieren deutliche Verbesserungen im Rehabilitationsverlauf für die verwendeten Assessments Funktionsfragebogen-Hannover-Rücken (FFbH-R, Rückenpatienten), Disability-of-Arm,-Shoulder,-Hand-Score (DASH, Patienten mit Läsionen der oberen Extremitäten) und Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC, Patienten mit Läsionen der unteren Extremitäten). Bei insgesamt 3210 Patienten wurden für alle Scores und Diagnosesubgruppen signifikant positive Veränderungen nachgewiesen. Unterschieden wurde nach: • FFbH-R: lumbale Bandscheiben-OP, cervicale Bandscheiben-OP, Spinalkanaldekompression, konservative Rückenschmerzbehandlung, sonstige; • DASH: Rotatorenmanschettenrekonstruktion, Schultergelenk-Endoprothese, Fraktur (konservativ oder osteosynthetisch versorgt), sonstige; • WOMAC: Hüftgelenk-Endprothese, Kniegelenk-Endoprothese, vordere-Kreuzbandplastik, sonstige. Die mittlere Scoredifferenz betrug beim FFbH-R 20,3 Punkte, -24,0 Punkte für den DASH-Score und für den dreigeteilten WOMAC-Score -8,1 (Schmerz), -4,0 (Steifigkeit) sowie -34,0 (Schwierigkeiten). Männer schätzten sich im Vergleich zu Frauen jeweils zu Beginn und Ende der Rehabilitation signifikant günstiger ein. Die Scoredifferenz von Beginn und Ende zeigte jedoch keinen Geschlechtsunterschied. Damit zeigt diese Untersuchung deutlich positive Effekte orthopädischer Rehabilitation im ambulanten Setting.
Vowels and tones in Poula
Authors: Lemaina Veikho Sahiinii , Sarmah Priyankoo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a sketch of the vowels and tones in the Poula language as spoken in the Naamai (Koide) village of Manipur. Acoustic studies on the vowels and tones are conducted in this work, and it is concluded that Poula has a six vowel inventory like many of the languages in the vicinity; however the distribution of vowels in Poula is quite peculiar, with the absence of high back vowels and presence of two high front vowels. In case of tones, this study reports four tones in Poula, namely, High-falling, Rising-falling, Mid and Low. The paper concludes with a short discussion on tones in Poula underived words.
Complexity and genre distribution of left-dislocated strings after the fixation of SVO syntax
Authors: Tizón-Couto David 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper investigates the diachronic development of strings that include both a left-dislocated constituent and a coreferring resumptive in the subsequent clause, thus resembling the reportedly speech-like and informal contemporary Left Dislocation construction. The data is analyzed according to a range of factors relating to the inner configuration of such strings and examined by means of the pertinent statistical tests. The purpose is to arrive at a clearer and broader picture of (i) the general decline of left-dislocated strings, (ii) the factors determining their structural complexity, and (iii) their role as prospective markers of orality in Modern English speech-related texts.
Sequentiality and the emergence of new constructions
Authors: Shibasaki Reijirou 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This study aims to investigate a specific construction in spoken discourse, i.e. that’s (not) the bottom line is (that) and its variant forms, in recent American English. The function of the bottom line is (that) is for a speaker to introduce or anticipate upcoming talk, while that’s the bottom line allows a speaker to summarize his/her preceding statement. These constructions give rise to a new construction when repeatedly used in the following sequence: anaphoric that’s (not) the bottom line followed by cataphoric the bottom line is (that). The newly emerging construction, i.e. that’s (not) the bottom line is (that), is an “apo-koinou” construction, which consists of two clauses which have a word or phrase in common. The remainder of the study then discusses how the notions of “constructional change”, “constructionalization”, and “constructional expansion” may be applied to the individual SN-constructions and to the resulting apo-koinou constructions.
United we stand, divided we fall: the early Nietzsche on the struggle for organisation
Authors: Pearson James S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccording to Nietzsche, both modern individuals and societies are pathologically fragmented. In this paper, I examine how he proposes we combat this affliction in his Untimely Meditations. I argue that he advocates a dual struggle involving both instrumental domination and eradication. On these grounds, I claim the following: 1. pace a growing number of commentators, we cannot categorise the species of conflict he endorses in the Untimely Meditations as agonistic; and 2. this conflict is better understood as analogous to the species of struggle that Schopenhauer describes in his account of purposive organisation.
Ultrasound effect on structure and properties of Cu–0.5Cr under upsetting
Authors: Donič Tibor , Raab Georgy , Aksenov Denis , Asfandiyarov Rashid , Hadzima Branislav 
Published: July 2018

We studied the effect of the regimes of ultrasonic action on the structural transformation during free upsetting with 50% reduction of the copper alloy Cu–0.5Cr. In the process of deformation, the samples were subjected to intermittent and continuous ultrasonic actions. It can be noted that the application of ultrasonic vibrations in the process of deformation leads in both cases to a reduction in yield strength. Under a continuous ultrasonic action with a power of 640 W, the most developed structure is formed, with a fraction of high-angle boundaries equal to 32.4%, with the lowest values of coherent scattering regions, density of dislocations and microdistortions, while the decline in yield strength of the material under deformation is 40 MPa. This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on Copper and its Alloys.
Ifeoma Okoye: socialist-feminist political horizons in Nigerian literature
Authors: Mayer Adam 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARY
Nigerian author Ifeoma Okoye’s novel The Fourth World, published in 2013, presents us with a truly 21st century African unified socialist-feminist theory, while it places individual growth firmly in the community of an eponymous shanty in Enugu, Igboland. Through this novel, we observe how dictates of survival are transformed into acts of moral choice through the agency of work by a young girl of extraordinary character, helped by the congeniality of the community and by radical organisers.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation Induces Coupling Between Ripple Neural Activity and Hemodynamics in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Yuan Yi , Wang Zhijie , Wang Xingran , Yan Jiaqing , Liu Mengyang , Li Xiaoli 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Several studies have separately investigated neural activities and hemodynamic responses induced by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS), less is known about their coupling under LIPUS. This study aims to investigate the neurovascular coupling with LIPUS by measuring neural activity and hemodynamics. We found that the relative power and sample entropy of local field potential at the ripple band have a significant correlation to relative cerebral blood flow over time (correlation coefficients: 0.66 ± 0.13 [P < 0.01] and −0.58 ± 0.11 [P < 0.05]). These results demonstrate that LIPUS can induce neurovascular coupling in the mouse visual cortex.
Analgesic Effects Evoked by Real and Imagined Acupuncture: A Neuroimaging Study
Authors: Cao Jin , Tu Yiheng , Orr Scott P , Lang Courtney , Park Joel , Vangel Mark , Chen Lucy , Gollub Randy , Kong Jian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Acupuncture can provide therapeutic analgesic benefits but is limited by its cost and scheduling difficulties. Guided imagery is a commonly used method for treating many disorders, such as chronic pain. The present study examined a novel intervention for pain relief that integrates acupuncture with imagery called video-guided acupuncture imagery treatment (VGAIT). A total of 27 healthy subjects were recruited for a crossover-design study that included 5 sessions administered in a randomized order (i.e., baseline and 4 different interventions). We investigated changes in pain threshold and fMRI signals modulated by: 1) VGAIT, watching a video of acupuncture previously administered on the participant’s own body at baseline while imagining it being concurrently applied; 2) a VGAIT control condition, watching a video of a cotton swab touching the skin; 3) real acupuncture; and 4) sham acupuncture. Results demonstrated that real acupuncture and VGAIT significantly increased pain threshold compared with respective control groups. Imaging showed that real acupuncture produced greater activation of the insula compared with VGAIT. VGAIT produced greater deactivation at the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings demonstrate that VGAIT holds potential clinical value for pain management.
Interleukin 6 trans-signalling and risk of future cardiovascular events
Authors: Ziegler Louise , Gajulapuri Ashwini , Frumento Paolo , Bonomi Alice , Wallén Håkan , de Faire Ulf , Rose-John Stefan , Gigante Bruna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsThe pro-inflammatory response to interleukin 6 (IL6) trans-signalling in atherosclerosis is driven by the IL6 and soluble IL6 receptor (sIL6R) binary complex. The binary IL6:sIL6R complex is inactivated by sgp130 through the formation of the ternary IL6:sIL6R:sgp130 complex. The aim of this study was to investigate if IL6 trans-signalling, estimated by a ratio between the binary and ternary complexes, associates with the risk of future cardiovascular events (CVE) in a Swedish cohort of 60-year-old men and women (n = 4232).Methods and resultsBinary and ternary complex levels expressed in nanomol/Litre were derived from serum concentrations of IL6, sIL6R, and sgp130. Cox regression models were used to assess the risk of CVE (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and ischaemic stroke, n = 525), expressed as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), associated with increasing circulating levels of the three molecules and with the binary/ternary complex ratio. Estimates were adjusted for the common cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. To assess the level of IL6-trans-signalling, we estimated the binary/ternary complex ratio and then analysed the association with CVE risk. A ratio higher than the median, representing a relative excess of the active binary complex was associated with increased CVE risk (adjusted HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.21–1.72).ConclusionThe ratio between the functional moieties of IL6 trans-signalling, IL6:sIL6R, and IL6:sIL6R:sgp130, was associated with CVE risk indicating that it could be a promising marker of CV risk and possibly be used in selecting patients for anti-inflammatory therapy.
Probing cosmic velocity–density correlations with galaxy luminosity modulations
Authors: Feix Martin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We study the possibility of using correlations between spatial modulations in the observed luminosity distribution of galaxies and the underlying density field as a cosmological probe. Considering redshift ranges, where magnification effects due to gravitational lensing may be neglected, we argue that the dipole part of such luminosity–density correlations traces the corresponding velocity–density signal which may thus be measured from a given galaxy redshift catalogue. Assuming an SDSS-like survey with mean density $\overline{n}=0.01 (h^{-1}$ Mpc)−3 and effective volume Veff = 0.2(h−1 Gpc)3 at a fiducial redshift $z$ = 0.1, we estimate that the velocity–density correlation function can be constrained with high signal-to-noise ratio ≳ 10 on scales 10–100 Mpc. Similar conclusions apply to the monopole which is sensitive to the environmental dependence of galaxy luminosities and relevant to models of galaxy formation.
A Retrospective Review of Physician Assistant Education Association End of Rotation Examinations
Authors: Rizzolo Denise , Cavanagh Kimberly , Ziegler Olivia , Dallas Andrew D. , Goodman Joshua , Yunker Emily 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The PAEA End of Rotation™ exams were developed to assess medical knowledge of the 7 core supervised clinical practice experiences, including Emergency Medicine, Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, General Surgery, Pediatrics, Women's Health, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Health. The examinations were created by experienced PA educators and national exam experts with continual review and content updates. This paper summarizes changes since the inception of the exam program, including test construction and development, reliability, validity, and scale scoring. They are built using content blueprints and topic lists that were developed by experienced PA educators and national examination experts. All examination items are peer reviewed by PA educators and statistically validated for accuracy and consistency by psychometricians who specialize in examination development. This article will review the changes since the inception of the exam program including test construction and development, reliability, validity and scale scoring. Also addressed is an update on the PAEA End of Curriculum™ examination.
Antibiotic treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia: is it different from ventilator-associated pneumonia?
Authors: Niederman Michael S. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a form of nosocomial pneumonia, distinct from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This review compares HAP and VAP, highlighting differences in natural history, risk factors, and bacteriology that necessitate a different approach to the therapy of HAP, compared with VAP.

Recent findings
HAP can arise out of the ICU, or in the ICU, and can lead to severe illness, including the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation. New American and European nosocomial pneumonia guidelines make therapy recommendations for HAP. The American guidelines recommend broader spectrum therapy than the European guidelines, but recent studies support the idea that not all HAP patients need antipseudomonal therapy. When the American guideline approach to HAP has been studied, it led to both overtreatment and inappropriate therapy for the identified pathogens. An algorithm, modified from the European guideline, proposes an approach to therapy that necessitates dual antipseudomonal therapy in less than 25% of all HAP patients.

Summary
Although more prospective therapy trials of HAP are needed, based on currently available data, it is possible to use an approach that provides appropriate therapy without the overuse of broad-spectrum therapy.
Predictors of Suicidal Ideation Among IBD Outpatients
Authors: Hashash Jana G. , Vachon Ashley , Ramos Rivers Claudia , Regueiro Miguel D. , Binion David G. , Altman Laci , Williams Cheriese , Szigethy Eva 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Suicidal ideation (SI) is understudied in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aim to determine SI rates among IBD outpatients and to evaluate predictors of SI.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective observational study of consecutive adult IBD outpatients over 18 months. Patients were screened for depression and SI using patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Demographic data were obtained from electronic medical record. Regression modeling was used for predictor analyses.

Results:
In total, 71 of consecutive 1352 IBD outpatients had SI. Significant correlations between SI and depression severity, tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), IBD-related quality of life, and low vitamin D levels were seen. Univariate regression showed that depression severity, TCA use, and quality of life predicted SI. Multivariate regression showed depression severity (β=0.46; P=0.002) and TCA use (β=0.31; P=0.012) made unique contributions.

Conclusions:
SI is associated with depressive severity and less directly with IBD activity. Low-dose TCA, often used for chronic abdominal pain, is also a risk factor. Identifying the subset of IBD patients most vulnerable to SI can facilitate proper referrals to behavioral services and prevent progression to completed suicides.