bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of artificial reforestation efforts in the ribbon forest zone of Altai Krai
Authors: Osipenko A E , Zalesov S V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The ribbon forest zone of Altai Krai is located in the Kulunda Steppe and on the Priobskoye Plateau. The climate of this region is characterized by extreme aridity. Due to the harsh climate and the importance of the ribbon forests for the environmental sustainability of the region, artificial reforestation is an integral part of the regional forest management. Forest stands of artificial origin currently occupy a large area within the ribbon forest zone, as evidenced by forest inventory data. However, due to the fact that surveys are not conducted simultaneously on the whole territory of Altai Krai, and that they miss some of the forest management units, forest inventory data do not provide an up-to-date assessment of artificial reforestation efforts. Our project attempted to update the existing data of forest resource assessments and evaluate the results of artificial reforestation efforts in the ribbon forest zone of Altai Krai. This article presents data on the distribution of the artificially reforested area by predominant species and type of growing conditions, and the distribution of the growing stock of the artificially established stands by age and type of forest growing conditions.
Introduction of woody plants in the Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg State Forest-Technical University from the moment of its foundation up to our days
Authors: Sakharova S G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The history of the Botanical Garden of St. Petersburg State Forest-Technical University is given. The specialists who participated in the introduction of woody plants since 1841 are listed. The names and quantitative composition of introduced plants are given. Attention is drawn to the individual introduction failures and the reasons for them. The total number of woody plants in the Botanical Garden today is more than 1200 taxa (including subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars). 39 species from the collection are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The role and place of the Botanical Garden of St Petersburg State Forest-Technical University among the botanical gardens of Russia is noted.
Bioresource potential of forest lands as the source of honey yield in steppe area of the river Don
Authors: Samsonova I , Gryazkin A , Smirnov A , Mannapov A , Beljaev V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Successful development of beekeeping, the increased number of beehives and apiaries, as well as high yields of honey and wax are possible only thanks to good and sustainable bee forage. The task of the study was to determine exactly species diversity of melliferous flora in different phytocenosis, to define honey productivity of plant formations in steppe zone of the river Don, bioresource potential and honey supply in different vegetative communities on forest fund lands, to develop the complex of measures, directed to rational and effective use of natural melliferous plants of forest lands. Species composition of nectar bearing vegetation on forest fund lands according to forest and non forest categories is determined. The northwestern part of the region is the richest one, there are more than 1200 plant species,and many of them are melliferous. The southeastern part is poorer in flora.As a result it is defined that there is a huge bioresource forest potential for honey yield in Rostov region. Approximate honey supply on forest fund lands is not less than 6468 tons and the number of beehives is about 54 thousand. One of the most perspective species for bee breeding is black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia).
Forest site types of the Saint-Petersburg area
Authors: Anh Tuyet Duong Thi , Yu Neshataev V , Yu Neshataeva V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The goal of the study was to classify the forest sites of St. Petersburg area. The urban forest typology based on a set of 630 sample plots of 20×20 m each, located in the parks, gardens, urban forests, and natural reserves was elaborated. The 25 forest site types were distinguished.
Additive model of Larix sp. forest stand biomass sensitive to temperature and precipitation variables in Eurasia
Authors: Usoltsev V , Kovyazin V , Osmirko A , Tsepordey I , Chasovskikh V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The first attempt of modeling changes in additive component composition of biomass of Larix sp. communities on the Trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients based on regional peculiarities of age and morphology of the forests is attempted. The increase of all biomass components of the tree layer with increasing temperature at the constant precipitation and its decrease with increasing precipitation at the constant temperature is established. The positive relationship of the understory biomass with the temperature in the areas of insufficient moisture as the transition to moisture-rich areas is replaced by the opposite one. The development of such models for basic forest-forming species in Eurasia will give possibility to predict any changes in the biological productivity of forest cover of Eurasia in relation to climate change.
Options for processing of aspen wood to carbon materials
Authors: Yevdokimova E , Panova T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Abstract.Thermochemical processing of aspen wood to produce carbon materials is of interest considering that it allows increasing the cost of its products several times and enhancing the sustainability of forest complex enterprises.Currently, the enterprises are confined to the manufacture of charcoal, although it is possible to produce other carbon materials, such as charcoal briquettes, activated carbon and oxidized coal.While processing aspen wood, it is feasible to arrange manufacturing charcoal briquettes. Increased mechanical strength and high bulk density of briquettes raises the range of economically viable transportation of manufactured products, i.e. logistics is being improved.To obtain stable quality activated carbon from aspen coal, water vapor activation is the least environmentally hazardous. For such activation implementation, we recommend using a rotary kiln equipped with a Z - shaped insert. For reasons of environmental safety, the oxidation of activated carbon is preferably carried out using hot, humid air. In this case, unlike liquid-phase oxidation, no wastewater is formed.
Increase sludge-ground and ash-ground mixtures crystal lattice strength by lowering the pH environment
Authors: Zubova O , Siletskiy V , Kukanov S , Kovalenko T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Studies have investigated the use of slaked lime in strengthening slurry of the sludge-ground and ash-ground mixtures in order to impart a higher strength to the crystal lattice, as well as to accelerate the hardening processes by reducing the acidity of the medium. The results of the exploratory study on the interaction of sandy soil with mineral binders, as well as the results of the study of the physico-mechanical characteristics of samples of ash-sand mixture with slaked lime and the study of the physico-mechanical characteristics of samples of nepheline sludge soil mixed with slaked lime are presented. The obtained results confirm that the use of localized soils reinforced by mineral binders, including industrial waste, is economically feasible, which will allow the development of forest roads infrastructure Recycling of industrial waste in significant volumes in forest road construction will reduce the area of storage sites, thus is a priority from the point of view of ecology.
TravellingWave Fault Location System based on IEC61850
Authors: Chen Yanzhou , Su Haohui , Cai Yanlei , Wang adn Qi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Travelling wave fault location (TWFL) system has been matured in recent years due primarily to the availability of high speed sampling techniques, fast communications technology and GPS time synchronization. However, it has not yet been fully integrated into the digital substation based on IEC61850 standard. Proposal for modeling the TWFL system by the IEC61850 standard has already been proposed in another paper. This paper focuses on the communication requirements of the TWFL system in a digital substation, both at the station level and the process level. The application of GOOSE messages and the need for high speed sampling merging unit are discussed. The paper also reports on the latest research into the electronic transformer technology which can satisfy the high speed sampling requirements of TWFL.
Identifying Flexible Pool Pumps Suitable for Distributed Demand Response Schemes
Authors: Andrew Lachlan L H , Pop Draga Doncila , Razzaghi Reza , Dowe David L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Demand response will be an important tool as non-dispatchable generation is added to the grid. Swimming pool filtration pumps are a promising appliance for the grid operator to control because, unlike air conditioners, their time of operation can be shifted by a day without affecting their primary role. Although many customers set and forget the timer settings, this paper studies smart meter data and demonstrates that many change the settings frequently. A “care index” is proposed that quantifies how much a customer appears to care about the precise timing of pump operation, which indicates how willing they are likely to be to relinquish control to the grid operator.
Does meiotic drive alter male mate preference?
Authors: Finnegan Sam Ronan , Nitsche Leslie , Mondani Matteo , Camus M Florencia , Fowler Kevin , Pomiankowski Andrew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMale mate preferences have been demonstrated across a range of species, including the Malaysian stalk-eyed fly, Teleopsis dalmanni. This species is subject to sex-ratio (SR), an X-linked male meiotic driver, which causes the dysfunction of Y-sperm and the production of all-female broods. While there has been work considering female avoidance of meiotic drive males, the mating decisions of drive-bearing males have not been considered previously. Drive males may be less able to bear the cost of choice as SR is associated with a low-frequency inversion that causes reduced organismal fitness. Drive males may also experience weaker selection for preference maintenance if they are avoided by females. Using binary choice trials, across two experiments, we confirmed male preference for large (fecund) females but found no evidence that the strength of male preference differs between drive and standard males. We showed that large eyespan males displayed strong preference for large females, whereas small eyespan males showed no preference. Taken together, these results suggest that, even though meiotic drive is associated with lower genetic quality, it does not directly interfere with male mate preference among available females. However, as drive males tend to have smaller eyespan (albeit only ~5% on average), this will to a minor extent weaken their strength of preference.
Are signals of aggressive intent less honest in urban habitats?
Authors: Akçay Çağlar , Beck Michelle L , Sewall Kendra B 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHow anthropogenic change affects animal social behavior, including communication is an important question. Urban noise often drives shifts in acoustic properties of signals but the consequences of noise for the honesty of signals—that is, how well they predict signaler behavior—is unclear. Here we examine whether honesty of aggressive signaling is compromised in male urban song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Song sparrows have two honest close-range signals: the low amplitude soft songs (an acoustic signal) and wing waves (a visual signal), but whether the honesty of these signals is affected by urbanization has not been examined. If soft songs are less effective in urban noise, we predict that they should predict attacks less reliably in urban habitats compared to rural habitats. We confirmed earlier findings that urban birds were more aggressive than rural birds and found that acoustic noise was higher in urban habitats. Urban birds still sang more soft songs than rural birds. High rates of soft songs and low rates of loud songs predicted attacks in both habitats. Thus, while urbanization has a significant effect on aggressive behaviors, it might have a limited effect on the overall honesty of aggressive signals in song sparrows. We also found evidence for a multimodal shift: urban birds tended to give proportionally more wing waves than soft songs than rural birds, although whether that shift is due to noise-dependent plasticity is unclear. These findings encourage further experimental study of the specific variables that are responsible for behavioral change due to urbanization.Soft song, the low amplitude songs given in close range interactions, is an honest threat signal in urban song sparrows. Given its low amplitude, soft songs may be a less effective signal in noisy urban habitats. However, we found that soft song remained an honest signal predicting attack in urban habitats. We also found that birds may use more visual signals (rapid fluttering of wings) in urban habitats to avoid masking from acoustic noise.
Temporal autocorrelation: a neglected factor in the study of behavioral repeatability and plasticity
Authors: Mitchell David J , Dujon Antoine M , Beckmann Christa , Biro Peter A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractQuantifying individual variation in labile physiological or behavioral traits often involves repeated measures through time, so as to test for consistency of individual differences (often using repeatability, “R”) and/or individual differences in trendlines over time. Another form of temporal change in behavior is temporal autocorrelation, which predicts observations taken closely together in time to be correlated, leading to nonrandom residuals about individual temporal trendlines. Temporal autocorrelation may result from slowly changing internal states (e.g., hormone or energy levels), leading to slowly changing behavior. Autocorrelation is a well-known phenomenon, but has been largely neglected by those studying individual variation in behavior. Here, we provide two worked examples which show substantial temporal autocorrelation (r > 0.4) is present in spontaneous activity rates of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and house mice (Mus domesticus) in stable laboratory conditions, even after accounting for temporal plasticity of individuals. Second, we show that ignoring autocorrelation does bias estimates of R and temporal reaction norm variances upwards, both in our worked examples and in separate simulations. This bias occurs due to the misestimation of individual-specific means and slopes. Given the increasing use of technologies that generate behavioral and physiological data at high sampling rates, we can now study among- and within-individual changes in behavior in more detailed ways, including autocorrelation, which we discuss from biological and methodological perspectives and provide recommendations and annotated R code to help researchers implement these models on their data.
Cognitive fluctuations in Lewy body dementia: towards a pathophysiological framework
Authors: Matar Elie , Shine James M , Halliday Glenda M , Lewis Simon J G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Fluctuating cognition is a complex and disabling symptom that is seen most frequently in the context of Lewy body dementias encompassing dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia. In fact, since their description over three decades ago, cognitive fluctuations have remained a core diagnostic feature of dementia with Lewy bodies, the second most common dementia in the elderly. In the absence of reliable biomarkers for Lewy body pathology, the inclusion of such patients in therapeutic trials depends on the accurate identification of such core clinical features. Yet despite their diagnostic relevance, cognitive fluctuations remain poorly understood, in part due to the lack of a cohesive clinical and scientific explanation of the phenomenon itself. Motivated by this challenge, the present review examines the history, clinical phenomenology and assessment of cognitive fluctuations in the Lewy body dementias. Based on these data, the key neuropsychological, neurophysiological and neuroimaging correlates of cognitive fluctuations are described and integrated into a novel testable heuristic framework from which new insights may be gained.
CLIC4 abrogation promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Baolong , Zheng Jiqing , Chen Qiongyuan , Wu Chaofan , Li Yangxin , Yu Xi-Yong , Liu Bin , Liang Chun , Liu Song-Bai , Ding Hui , Wang Shuochen , Xue Ting , Song David , Lei Zhangni , Amin Hesham M , Song Yao-Hua , Zhou Jin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chloride intracellular channel protein 4 (CLIC4) has been implicated in different types of cancers, but the role of CLIC4 in the development of gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. We analyzed the expression of CLIC4 in 102 pairs of gastric adenocarcinomas by western blot and real-time PCR. Our data revealed that the expression of CLIC4 is reduced in GC tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. The expression levels of CLIC4 correlate inversely with the clinical stage of GC. CLIC4 expression is lowest in MKN45 cells, which have the highest tumorigenic potential and express the highest levels of cancer stem cell markers CD44 and OCT4, compared with N87 and AGS cells. Exogenous overexpression of CLIC4 downregulated the expression of CD44 and OCT4, and inhibited migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, anchorage-independent growth of GC cells was decreased and the cells became more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil and etoposide treatment when CLIC4 was overexpressed. The ability of N87 cells to form tumors in nude mice was enhanced when CLIC4 was silenced. We, for the first time, demonstrate that CLIC4 suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting cancer cell stemness and EMT.
RETRACTED: Previous Syphilis Alters the Course of Subsequent Episodes of Syphilis
Authors: Marra Christina M , Maxwell Clare L , Sahi Sharon K , Tantalo Lauren C , Dunaway Shelia B , Lukehart Sheila A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The influence of previous syphilis on the course of a subsequent episode is unknown.

Methods
Individuals enrolled in a study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities in syphilis were allowed to enroll in the study again with subsequent syphilis. For each participant, the index episode was defined as the most recent syphilis episode for which the study entry visit was performed within 30 days of the syphilis diagnosis date. Venipuncture and lumbar puncture (LP) were performed. Total number of syphilis episodes was determined by review of medical and public health records. T. pallidum DNA in blood and rRNA in CSF were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase PCR. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined by logistic regression.

Results
651 individuals had one (n = 482), two (n = 121) or three or more (n = 48) episodes of syphilis. The proportion of individuals whose index episode was early latent stage was significantly higher in those with ≥3 syphilis episodes; this relationship was reduced to a trend when rate of testing was taken into account. Adjusted odds (aOR) of detection of T. pallidum DNA in blood or rRNA in CSF at the index episode were significantly lower in those with previous syphilis (0.17 [95% CI, 0.09–0.31] and 0.15 [95% CI, 0.07–0.35]). The aOR for neurosyphilis at the index episode was also significantly lower in individuals with previous syphilis (0.54 [95% CI, 0.34–0.87]).

Conclusions
Previous syphilis attenuates the manifestations of subsequent infection with T. pallidum.
Natural hazards and wildlife health: The effects of a volcanic eruption on the Andean Condor
Authors: Plaza Pablo I , Wiemeyer Guillermo , Blanco Guillermo , Alarcón Pablo , Hornero-Méndez Dámaso , Donázar José Antonio , Sánchez-Zapata José Antonio , Hiraldo Fernando , de la Rosa Jesús , Lambertucci Sergio A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVolcanic eruptions produce health changes in animals that may be associated with emitted gases and deposited ashes. We evaluated whether the Puyehue–Cordón Caulle volcanic eruption in 2011 produced health changes in the threatened Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) living in the area most affected by the eruption, northwestern Patagonia. We studied clinical and biochemical parameters of condors examined before and after the eruption. We also examined concentrations of different metals and metalloids in the blood of individuals sampled after the eruption. The most common clinical abnormality associated with the eruptive process was irritating pharyngitis. In condors sampled after the eruption, blood concentrations of albumin, calcium, carotenoids, and total proteins decreased to levels under the reference values reported for this species. We found different chemical elements in the blood of these condors after the eruption, such as arsenic and cadmium, with the potential to produce health impacts. Thus, the health of Andean Condors was affected in different ways by the eruption; remaining in the affected area appears to have been costly. However, in comparison to other animal species, the health impacts were not as strong and were mainly related to food shortages due to the decrease in availability of livestock carcasses linked to the eruption. This suggests that condors dealt relatively well with this massive event. Future research is needed to evaluate if the health changes we found reduce the survival of this species, and if the cost of inhabiting volcanic areas has any ecological or evolutionary influence on the condor’s life history.
Bionitio: demonstrating and facilitating best practices for bioinformatics command-line software
Authors: Georgeson Peter , Syme Anna , Sloggett Clare , Chung Jessica , Dashnow Harriet , Milton Michael , Lonsdale Andrew , Powell David , Seemann Torsten , Pope Bernard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Bioinformatics software tools are often created ad hoc, frequently by people without extensive training in software development. In particular, for beginners, the barrier to entry in bioinformatics software development is high, especially if they want to adopt good programming practices. Even experienced developers do not always follow best practices. This results in the proliferation of poorer-quality bioinformatics software, leading to limited scalability and inefficient use of resources; lack of reproducibility, usability, adaptability, and interoperability; and erroneous or inaccurate results.

Findings
We have developed Bionitio, a tool that automates the process of starting new bioinformatics software projects following recommended best practices. With a single command, the user can create a new well-structured project in 1 of 12 programming languages. The resulting software is functional, carrying out a prototypical bioinformatics task, and thus serves as both a working example and a template for building new tools. Key features include command-line argument parsing, error handling, progress logging, defined exit status values, a test suite, a version number, standardized building and packaging, user documentation, code documentation, a standard open source software license, software revision control, and containerization.

Conclusions
Bionitio serves as a learning aid for beginner-to-intermediate bioinformatics programmers and provides an excellent starting point for new projects. This helps developers adopt good programming practices from the beginning of a project and encourages high-quality tools to be developed more rapidly. This also benefits users because tools are more easily installed and consistent in their usage. Bionitio is released as open source software under the MIT License and is available at https://github.com/bionitio-team/bionitio.