bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ice Giant Exoplanet Interpretation of the Anomaly in Microlensing
Event OGLE-2011-BLG-0173
Authors: Poleski Radosław , Gaudi B. S. , Udalski A. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Pietrukowicz P. , Kozłowski S. , Skowron J. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Ulaczyk K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We analyze the microlensing event OGLE-2011-BLG-0173, which shows a small
perturbation at the end of the microlensing event caused by the primary lens. We
consider both binary lens and binary source models and explore their
degeneracies, some of which have not previously been recognized. There are two
families of binary lens solutions, one with a mass ratio
q ≈ 4 × 10−4
and a separation s ≈ 4.6, and the other with
q ≈ 0.015 and
s ≈ 0.22, i.e., both have companions in the
planetary regime. We search for solutions by using Bayesian analysis that
includes planet frequency as a prior and find that the
s ≈ 4.6 family is the preferred one with a

planet on an orbit of ∼10 au. The degeneracies arise from
a paucity of information on the anomaly, demonstrating that high-cadence
observations are essential for characterizing wide-orbit microlensing planets.
Hence, we predict that the planned Wide-Field Infrared Survey
Telescope microlensing survey will be less prone to these
degeneracies than the ongoing ground-based surveys. We discuss the known
low-mass, wide-orbit companions and notice that for the largest projected
separations the mass ratios are either high (consistent with brown dwarf
companions) or low (consistent with Uranus analogs), but intermediate mass
ratios (Jupiter analogs on wide orbits) have not been detected to date, despite
the fact that the sensitivity to such planets should be higher than that of
Uranus analogs. This is therefore tentative evidence of the existence of a
massive ice giant desert at wide separations. On the other hand, given their low
intrinsic detection sensitivity, Uranus analogs may be ubiquitous.
The Contribution of Dwarf Planets to the Origin of Low-inclination Comets by the Replenishment of Mean Motion Resonances in Debris Disks
Authors: Muñoz-Gutiérrez M. A. , Peimbert A. , Pichardo B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this work we explore a new dynamical path for the delivery of low-inclination comets. In a configuration formed by an interior giant planet and an exterior massive debris disk, where the mass is accounted for by the 50 largest objects in the disk, the strongest mean motion resonances of the giant, located along the belt, are replenished with new material (test particles) due to the influence of the 50 massive objects. Once in resonance, slow chaotic diffusion stirs the orbital elements of the cometary nuclei enough to encounter the giant and to be scattered by it. When the disk is massive enough, both resonant and non-resonant particles are stirred quickly to encounter the giant and form a scattered disk component, greatly increasing the rate for the delivery of cometary material to the inner part of the system. This mechanism is applicable both to the solar system and extrasolar systems in general. Preliminary results, using a disk as massive as the classical Kuiper Belt, indicate that the mechanism proposed here can account for about a tenth of the required injection rate to maintain the population of ecliptic comets in steady state. In a more massive belt of 0.25 M
⊕, an estimated rate of around 0.6 new comets per year is found. Such a high rate would pose a serious risk for the habitability of rocky interior planets, yet would resemble the late heavy bombardment that was present in the early solar system.
A Study of Magnetic Field Characteristics of the Flaring Active Region Based on Nonlinear Force-free Field Extrapolation
Authors: Muhamad Johan , Kusano Kanya , Inoue Satoshi , Bamba Yumi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Coronal magnetic fields are responsible for the onset of solar flares and solar eruptions. However, the type of magnetic field parameters that can be used to measure the critical condition for a solar eruption is still unclear. As an effort to understand the possible condition for a solar flare, we have examined the nondimensional parameter κ introduced by Ishiguro & Kusano, which contains information about magnetic twist distribution and magnetic flux in an active region (AR). We introduce a new parameter κ*, as a proxy for κ, and we have analyzed the evolution of κ* during the flaring period of an AR using the nonlinear force-free field extrapolated from the photospheric vector magnetic field data. Using data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, we have calculated κ* for the AR NOAA 11158 during its three-day flaring period. We found that κ* increased to a certain level before two large flares and decreased significantly after their onset. The results suggest that κ* may be used as an indicator of the necessary condition for the onset of a solar eruption in the AR. Based on this result, we propose a new method to assess the possibility of a large solar eruption from an AR by combining the parameter κ* and information about the magnetic energy of the AR.
Search for GeV Gamma-Ray Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events by CALET
Authors: Adriani O. , Akaike Y. , Asano K. , Asaoka Y. , Bagliesi M. G. , Berti E. , Bigongiari G. , Binns W. R. , Bonechi S. , Bongi M. , Brogi P. , Buckley J. H. , Cannady N. , Castellini G. , Checchia C. , Cherry M. L. , Collazuol G. , Felice V. Di , Ebisawa K. , Fuke H. , Guzik T. G. , Hams T. , Hareyama M. , Hasebe N. , Hibino K. , Ichimura M. , Ioka K. , Ishizaki W. , Israel M. H. , Kasahara K. , Kataoka J. , Kataoka R. , Katayose Y. , Kato C. , Kawanaka N. , Kawakubo Y. , Krawczynski H. S. , Krizmanic J. F. , Kohri K. , Lomtadze T. , Maestro P. , Marrocchesi P. S. , Messineo A. M. , Mitchell J. W. , Miyake S. , Moiseev A. A. , Mori K. , Mori M. , Mori N. , Motz H. M. , Munakata K. , Murakami H. , Nakahira S. , Nishimura J. , de Nolfo G. A. , Okuno S. , Ormes J. F. , Ozawa S. , Pacini L. , Palma F. , Papini P. , Penacchioni A. V. , Rauch B. F. , Ricciarini S. B. , Sakai K. , Sakamoto T. , Sasaki M. , Shimizu Y. , Shiomi A. , Sparvoli R. , Spillantini P. , Stolzi F. , Suh J. E. , Sulaj A. , Takahashi I. , Takayanagi M. , Takita M. , Tamura T. , Tateyama N. , Terasawa T. , Tomida H. , Torii S. , Tsunesada Y. , Uchihori Y. , Ueno S. , Vannuccini E. , Wefel J. P. , Yamaoka K. , Yanagita S. , Yoshida A. , Yoshida K. ,   (CALET Collaboration)
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present the results of searches for gamma-ray counterparts of the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave events using CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) observations. The main instrument of CALET, CALorimeter (CAL), observes gamma-rays from ∼1 GeV up to 10 TeV with a field of view (FOV) of nearly 2 sr. In addition, the CALET gamma-ray burst monitor views ∼3 sr and ∼2π sr of the sky in the 7 keV–1 MeV and the 40 keV–20 MeV bands, respectively, by using two different crystal scintillators. The CALET observations on the International Space Station started in 2015 October, and here we report analyses of events associated with the following gravitational wave events: GW151226, GW170104, GW170608, GW170814, and GW170817. Although only upper limits on gamma-ray emission are obtained, they correspond to a luminosity of 1049 ∼ 1053 erg s−1 in the GeV energy band depending on the distance and the assumed time duration of each event, which is approximately on the order of luminosity of typical short gamma-ray bursts. This implies that there will be a favorable opportunity to detect high-energy gamma-ray emission in further observations if additional gravitational wave events with favorable geometry will occur within our FOV. We also show the sensitivity of CALET for gamma-ray transient events, which is on the order of 10−7 erg cm−2 s−1 for an observation of 100 s in duration.
Parsec-scale Radio Structure of 14 Fanaroff–Riley Type 0 Radio Galaxies
Authors: Cheng X.-P. , An T. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Recently a population of compact radio galaxies were classified as Fanaroff–Riley type 0 radio galaxies (FR 0s). The physical nature of FR 0s and the connection with the classical FR I and II galaxies are not currently well understood. Here, we report the radio properties of 14 FR 0s on parsec (pc) scales derived from their very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) imaging observations. All of the sources show compact structures. Four sources show relativistic beaming with Doppler-boosting factors ranging from 1.7 to 6. The brightness temperatures of the other 10 are below the equilibrium limit. Jet proper motions are determined in two sources that have multiple epoch data, between 0.23 c and 0.49 c, implying mildly relativistic jet flow. Low-amplitude flux density variation is found in J0943+3614 over a time period of 10 years. No significant variability are detected in the three other sources over timescales of a few years. The radio properties of the FR 0s inferred from the VLBI data resemble a GHz-peaked spectrum or compact steep-spectrum sources. Moreover, the diversity of their relativistic beaming indicators (brightness temperature, variability, jet proper motion) also imply that FR 0s might not be a homogeneous population of radio sources. Detailed studies of the low-power (

W Hz−1) FR 0 sources in the local universe additionally offer a promising opportunity to understand their connection to the FR Is.
A Lonely Giant: The Sparse Satellite Population of M94 Challenges Galaxy Formation
Authors: Smercina Adam , Bell Eric F. , Price Paul A. , D’Souza Richard , Slater Colin T. , Bailin Jeremy , Monachesi Antonela , Nidever David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The dwarf satellites of “giant” Milky Way (MW)–mass galaxies are our primary probes of low-mass dark matter halos. The number and velocities of the satellite galaxies of the MW and M31 initially puzzled galaxy formation theorists, but are now reproduced well by many models. Yet, are the MW’s and M31's satellites representative? Were galaxy formation models “overfit”? These questions motivate deep searches for satellite galaxies outside the Local Group. We present a deep survey of the “classical” satellites (M
⋆ ≥ 4 × 105
M
⊙) of the MW-mass galaxy M94 out to a 150 kpc projected distance. We find only two satellites, each with M
⋆ ∼ 106
M
⊙, compared with 6–12 such satellites in the four other MW-mass systems with comparable data (MW, M31, M81, and M101). Using a “standard” prescription for occupying dark matter halos (halos were taken from the fully hydrodynamical EAGLE simulation) with galaxies, we find that such a sparse satellite population occurs in <0.2% of MW-mass systems—a <1% probability among a sample of five (known systems + M94). In order to produce an M94-like system more frequently we make satellite galaxy formation much more stochastic than is currently predicted by dramatically increasing the slope and scatter of the stellar mass–halo mass (SMHM) relation. Surprisingly, the SMHM relation must be altered even for halos masses up to 1011
M
⊙—significantly above the mass scales predicted to have increased scatter from current hydrodynamical models. The sparse satellite population of this “lonely giant” thus advocates for an important modification to ideas of how the satellites around MW-mass galaxies form.
The Extremely Luminous Quasar Survey in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Footprint. II. The North Galactic Cap Sample
Authors: Schindler Jan-Torge , Fan Xiaohui , McGreer Ian D. , Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Green Richard , Garavito-Camargo Nicolas , Huang Yun-Hsin , O’Donnell Christine , Patej Anna , Pucha Ragadeepika , Rees Jon M. , Spalding Eckhart 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present the North Galactic Cap sample of the Extremely Luminous Quasar Survey (ELQS-N), which targets quasars with M
1450 < −27 at 2.8 ≤ z < 5 in an area of ∼7600 deg2 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) footprint with 90° < R.A. < 270°. Based on a near-infrared/infrared JKW2 color cut, the ELQS selection efficiently uses random forest methods to classify quasars and to estimate photometric redshifts; this scheme overcomes some of the difficulties of pure optical quasar selection at z ≈ 3. As a result, we retain a completeness of >70% over z ∼ 3.0–5.0 at m

i
≲ 17.5, limited toward fainter magnitudes by the depth of the Two Micron All Sky Survey. The presented quasar catalog consists of a total of 270 objects, of which 39 are newly identified in this work with spectroscopy obtained at the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope and the MMT 6.5 m telescope. In addition to the high completeness, which allowed us to discover new quasars in the already well-surveyed SDSS North Galactic Cap, the efficiency of our selection is relatively high at ∼79%. Using 120 objects of this quasar sample we are able to extend the previously measured optical quasar luminosity function (QLF) by one magnitude toward the bright end at 2.8 ≤ z ≤ 4.5. A first analysis of the QLF suggests a relatively steep bright-end slope of β ≈ −4 for this sample. This result contrasts with previous results in the same redshift range, which find a much flatter slope around β ∼ −2.5, but agrees with recent measurements of the bright-end slope at lower and higher redshifts. Our results constrain the bright-end slope at z = 2.8–4.5 to β < −2.94 with a 99% confidence.
Measuring Supermassive Black Hole Peculiar Motion Using H2O Megamasers
Authors: Pesce D. W. , Braatz J. A. , Condon J. J. , Greene J. E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
H2O megamasers residing in the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) exhibit Keplerian rotation about the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Such disk maser systems are excellent tools for diagnosing the kinematic status of the SMBH, and they currently provide the only direct and unambiguous measure of SMBH velocities outside the Milky Way. We have measured the galaxy recession velocities for a sample of 10 maser disk systems using a combination of spatially resolved H i disk modeling, spatially integrated H i profile fitting, and optical spectral line and continuum fitting. In comparing the SMBH velocities to those of their host galaxies, we find two (out of 10) systems—J0437+2456 and NGC 6264—for which the SMBH and galaxy velocities show a statistically significant (>3σ) difference. For NGC 6264 the apparent velocity offset can likely be explained by ionized gas motion within the host galaxy (e.g., from AGN-driven shocks). The velocity measurements for J0437+2456, however, imply a SMBH peculiar velocity of 69.6 ± 12.7 km s−1 (5.5σ). We thus consider J0437+2456 to be a promising candidate for hosting either a recoiling or binary SMBH, though additional observations are necessary to exclude the possibility of a systematic offset between the galactic recession velocity and that measured using the optical spectrum.
Helicobacter pylori 23S rRNA gene mutations associated with clarithromycin resistance in chronic gastritis in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Van Huy , Ha Thi Minh Thi , Le Phan Tuong Quynh , Nguyen Viet Nhan , Phan Trung Nam , Paglietti Bianca 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Data about the prevalence of the A2142C, A2142G, and A2143G mutations in 23S rRNA gene is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these mutations in 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori vietnamese strains.
Methodology: One hundred and sixty-nine patients with H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis were examined. H. pylori was detected by rapid urease test and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Total DNA was extracted from gastric biopsy specimens. A2142C, A2142G, and A2143G mutations were detected by DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
Results: A2143G mutation was detected in 36.1% of samples, A2142G mutation in 3.6%, while A2142C mutation was not found in any case. The mixture of wild-type and mutation strains was found in 50% of specimens with A2142G, in 23% of specimens with A2143G mutation. There was no association of 23S rRNA gene point mutations with gender or age. However, an association between the heterogeneity of mutation and age was evidenced, with mean age of the group of pure A2143G higher than the group of wild-type/A2143G mixture, and rate of the wild-type/A2143G mixture higher in patients under 40 years of age.
Conclusion: A2143G mutation was prominent, while A2142C mutation was not found in the 23S rRNA gene. PCR-RFLP has revealed a reliable assay allowing a rapid and cost-effective detection of clarithromycin-resistant strains. This is useful in countries as Vietnam with high prevalence of clarithromycin-resistance before choosing optimal therapy for H. pylori eradication.
Spondylodiscitis: a common complication of brucellosis
Authors: Sayin Kutlu Selda , Kutlu Murat , Tuzun Turkan , Ozdemir Kevser 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Brucellar spondylodiscitis is a frequent and serious complication of brucellosis. The aim of this study is to describe the brucellosis patients with spondylodiscitis and the predictive factors related to spondylodiscitis in brucellosis.
Methodology: Laboratory-confirmed brucellosis patients from a low- to medium-endemic region were enrolled in the study and distributed into two groups. Group I consisted of patients with spondylodiscitis and Group II patients had no complications. Both groups were compared for predictive factors of spondylodiscitis.
Results: A total of 219 patients with active brucellosis were included in the study. We determined at least one complication in 91 (41.6%) patients. The most frequent complication was spondylodiscitis [n = 59 patients (26.9 %)]. In univariate analysis, age, time from symptom onset to diagnosis, presence of low back pain, increased levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and alkaline phosphatases were the most significant predictive factors for spondylodiscitis among brucellosis cases. Presence of headache and thrombocytopenia were less frequent in patients with spondylodiscitis when compared to patients without complications (p = 0.024, p = 0.006 respectively). In multivariate analysis, old age (odds ratio [OR] 1,063; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.026-1.101; p < 0.001), prolonged time between symptoms onset before diagnosis (OR 1.008; 95% CI 1.001-1.016; p = 0.031), and presence of low back pain (OR 12.886; 95% CI 3.978-41.739; p < 0.001) were indepedently associated with an increased risk of spondylodiscitis.
Conclusions: Spondylodiscitis is the most frequent complication of systemic brucellosis. Patients with low back pain, older age, and longer duration of symptoms should be considered as candidates of potential spondylodiscitis in brucellosis.
Analysis of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations in patients from Western Saudi Arabia with chronic disease
Authors: El-Kafrawy Sherif Aly , Jamjoom Ghazi Abdulatif , Akbar Hisham Othman , Fallatah Hind Ibrahim Baker , El-Daly Mai Mohamed , Qari Yousef Abdulfattah , Alghamdi Abdullah Saeed , Babatin Mohamed , Alsaedi Mohammed Abdullah , Othman Noura Abdulhamid , Al-Subhi Tagreed Lafi , Abdel-Hamid Mohamed , Azhar Esam Ibraheem 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Extensive research has provided a link between HBV variants and the clinical complications of liver diseases. This study was performed to further investigate the relationship between HBV variants in preS, S and BCP/PC regions and disease progression in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: 182 CHB patients were recruited for this study. HBV DNA was amplified by PCR in the PreS, S, and BCP/PC regions. Sequences were generated from 31 and 26 treated cases in PreS and S regions respectively and from 72 cases in the BCP/PC region.
Results: The majority of cases (86.7%) were genotype D. Mutations at preS1-A2922C, X-A1624C and PC-G1887A were detected only in cases with either a high fibrosis score or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while mutations at positions PC-C1982A, PC-G1951T, X-C1628T and X-A1630G were detected more frequently in HCC cases, without reaching statistical significance. Seven deletions were detected in the PreS-region. No deletions were detected in the CCAAT box.
The accumulation of mutations per sample in the preS1-2 and S regions were associated with elevated ALT (p < 0.001, 0.001 and 0.001; respectively) and increased fibrosis (p = 0.018, 0.02 and 0.013; respectively). The accumulation of mutations per sample in the BCP/PC region is associated with high viral load. Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) was identified in 5 samples.
Conclusion: Our results add to the knowledge about HBV genotype-D variants. The accumulation of mutations per sample and OBI seem to play a role in the progression of HBV infection. G1896A was associated with the HBeAg negativity. The preS deletions did not play a role in liver disease progression.
Évolution des caractéristiques pluviométriques et recrudescence des inondations dans les localités riveraines du fleuve Niger
Authors: Mahamadou Bahari Ibrahim , Bouzou Moussa Ibrahim , Faran Maiga Oumarou 
Published: August 2018

Dans le moyen Niger, les inondations sont de plus en plus fréquentes et dramatiques. Ces dernières années, les principales villes riveraines du fleuve Niger ont connu des inondations historiques, avec d’importants dégâts matériels et humains. Parmi les facteurs mis en cause figurent les changements d’usage des sols ayant entrainé la modification des états de surface et l’augmentation du ruissellement. À ceux-là s’ajoute l’évolution du régime pluviométrique. Cet article propose une analyse des précipitations de la région sur la période 1950-2013. Les indices pluviométriques, calculés à travers l’application RClimdex ont permis de mettre en évidence l’évolution des caractéristiques et les tendances pluviométriques qui sont à l’origine de l’aggravation des inondations dans ces localités.
Testosterone Decreases House Dust Mite–Induced Type 2 and IL-17A–Mediated Airway Inflammation
Authors: Fuseini Hubaida , Yung Jeffrey A. , Cephus Jacqueline Yvonne , Zhang Jian , Goleniewska Kasia , Polosukhin Vasiliy V. , Peebles R. Stokes , Newcomb Dawn C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
As adults, women are twice as likely as men to have asthma; however, the mechanisms explaining this sexual dimorphism remain unclear. Increased type 2 cytokines and/or IL-17A, leading to increased airway eosinophils and neutrophils, respectively, are associated with asthma. Previous studies showed that testosterone, signaling through the androgen receptor (AR), decreased Th2-mediated allergic inflammation and type 2 innate immune responses during allergic inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that testosterone and AR signaling attenuate type 2 and IL-17A–mediated airway inflammation. To test our hypothesis, sham-operated and gonadectomized female and male mice were intranasally challenged with house dust mite (HDM) or vehicle (PBS) for 3 wk. Testosterone decreased and ovarian hormones increased HDM-induced eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation, IgE production, and airway hyperresponsiveness, as well as decreased the numbers of IL-13+ CD4 Th2 cells and IL-17A+ CD4 Th17 cells in the lung. Next, using wild-type male and female mice and ARtfm male mice that are unable to signal through the AR, we determined AR signaling intrinsically attenuated IL-17A+ Th17 cells but indirectly decreased IL-13+ CD4 Th2 cells in the lung by suppressing HDM-induced IL-4 production. In vitro Th2 and Th17 differentiation experiments showed AR signaling had no direct effect on Th2 cell differentiation but decreased IL-17A protein expression and IL-23R mRNA relative expression from Th17 cells. Combined, these findings show AR signaling attenuated type 2 and IL-17A inflammation through different mechanisms and provide a potential explanation for the increased prevalence of asthma in women compared with men.