bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone in the hair of children: Preliminary results and promising indications
Authors: Smith Jesse D. , Johnson Katherine A. , Whittle Sarah , Allen Nicholas B. , Simmons Julian G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHormone analysis is a valuable tool for understanding how physiology and behavior interact. Cortisol in hair has recently been examined as a measure of longer‐term hormone output. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between other androgens in hair and anthropometric measures. In a child sample (n = 114, mean age: 8.5 years, 66 females) levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone were assayed in the 0–3 cm section proximal to scalp. The 3–6 cm segment within a subsample of female participants (n = 35) was examined and compared. Results showed that testosterone strongly correlated with DHEA, and moderately correlated with cortisol (0–3 cm only). Higher hormone concentrations were present in the 3–6 cm segment. Finally, there was a weak positive association between DHEA and height. The replication of previously identified associations between androgens, particularly testosterone‐DHEA, and with developmental measures suggests hair may offer a valid method of hormone measurement for DHEA and testosterone.
Automated optimization of XCMS parameters for improved peak picking of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry data using the coefficient of variation and parameter sweeping for untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Manier Sascha K. , Keller Andreas , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccurate peak picking and further processing is a current challenge in the analysis of untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) data. The optimization of these processes is crucial to obtain proper results. This study investigated and optimized the detection of peaks by XCMS, a widely used R package for peak picking and processing of high‐resolution LC–MS metabolomics data by their coefficient of variation using neat standard solutions of drug like compounds. The obtained results were additionally verified by using fortified pooled plasma samples. Settings of the mass spectrometer were optimized by recommendations in literature to enable a reliable detection of the investigated analytes. XCMS parameters were evaluated using a comprehensive parameter sweeping approach. The optimization steps were statistically evaluated and further visualized after principal component analysis (PCA). Concerning the lower concentrated solution in methanol samples, the optimization of both mass spectrometer and XCMS parameters improved the median coefficient of variation from 24% to 7%, retention time fluctuation from 9.3 seconds to 0.54 seconds, and fluctuation of the mass to charge ratio (m/z) from m/z 0.00095 to m/z 0.00028. The number of parent compounds and their related species annotated by CAMERA increased from 88 to 113 while the total amount of features decreased from 3282 to 428. Optimized MS settings such as increased resolution led to a higher specificity of peak picking. PCA supported these findings by showing the best clustering of samples after optimization of both mass spectrometer and XCMS parameters. The results implied that peak picking needs to be individually adapted for the experimental set up. Reducing unwanted variation in the data set was most successful after combining high resolving power with strict peak picking settings.
Warning labels on fashion images: Short‐ and longer‐term effects on body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and eating behavior
Authors: Kwan Mun Yee , Haynos Ann F. , Blomquist Kerstin K. , Roberto Christina A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveFashion warning labels that caution readers about digitally altered images have been recommended and adopted by several countries to prevent body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. This study investigated the short‐ and longer‐term influence of fashion warning labels on affect, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and snack consumption using a randomized‐controlled experiment.MethodFemale undergraduates (n = 118) were randomized to view and rate responses to fashion images either with or without a warning label. They then consumed snacks and completed questionnaires. Sixty‐four participants (54%) completed follow‐up online surveys asking them to view and rate new fashion images with or without warning labels once per week for 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were affect, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and kilocalories consumed.ResultsOverall, fashion warning labels had no short‐term effects on affect, body dissatisfaction, or kilocalories consumed in the lab. However, individuals who reported engaging in restrictive eating consumed fewer kilocalories when exposed to advertisements with warning labels (M = 170.33, SD = 120.78) versus no labels (M = 286.46, SD = 166.30), p = .008. Warning labels also had no protective effects after repeated exposure over 4 weeks on affect or eating disorder symptoms, and significantly increased appearance orientation (p = .001).DiscussionWarning labels on media images are unlikely to be an effective policy tool to prevent negative affect, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptoms, and, in some cases, may exacerbate these concerns.
Latin American countries lead in Google search volumes for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Implications for global mental health research
Authors: Eli Karin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough eating disorders occur worldwide, prevalence data beyond Euro‐American contexts are sparse, and eating disorders largely remain outside global mental health agendas. This study aims to address this gap in the epidemiological literature through a global infodemiological comparison of Google search volumes for the topics “Anorexia nervosa” and “Bulimia nervosa.”MethodData were generated through Google Trends, a tool that assesses the relative search volumes of keywords and topics. Google Trends data, collected from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2016, were obtained for the relative search volumes of the topics “Anorexia nervosa” and “Bulimia nervosa” worldwide.ResultsThe findings revealed that Latin American countries accounted for the top 10 in search volume for both topics, with Mexico ranked first until 2016, when Bolivia rose to the top of the list.DiscussionThe results suggest that eating disorders are of considerable and consistent salience across Latin America, and that population‐based, nationally representative studies to assess the prevalence of eating disorders in Latin American countries should be prioritized within global mental health research agendas.
Social comparisons in eating disorder recovery: Using PhotoVoice to capture the sociocultural influences on women's recovery
Authors: Saunders Jessica F. , Eaton Asia A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis qualitative study draws on a photo‐elicitation method (“PhotoVoice”) and semistructured interviews to examine the role of social comparison during the eating disorder (ED) recovery process.MethodThirty U.S. women in self‐defined recovery, ages 18–35, used photography to capture personally meaningful social and cultural influences on their recovery, including factors supporting, and hindering their recovery process. Participants then shared these photographs with the research team, and described them in detail.ResultsPhotographs and interviews were examined for social comparisons using thematic analysis, and two broad categories emerged: recovery‐promoting and recovery‐hindering comparisons. Across the 30 interviews, participants reported 143 recovery hindering comparisons and 100 recovery promoting comparisons. The vast majority of comparisons involved friends and media personalities, and took place in vivo or on social media platforms. The presence of “upward” and “downward” food and body comparisons that both support and hinder recovery suggests that social comparisons during the recovery process are more nuanced than previously known.DiscussionThe classically ascribed uses of comparison in social comparison theory do not appear to hold for women in ED recovery. Comparisons should be encouraged in treatment and interventions if and only if the comparisons are meant to support the recovery process.
Characterisation of a Platinum‐based Electrochemical Biosensor for Real‐time Neurochemical Analysis of Choline
Authors: Baker Keeley L. , Bolger Fiachra B. , Doran Michelle M. , Lowry John P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA choline biosensor was characterised in detail to determine the effects of physiologically relevant parameters on the ability of the sensor to reliably detect neurochemical changes in choline. This first generation Pt‐based polymer enzyme composite sensor displayed excellent shelf‐life and biocompatibility with no significant decrease in choline sensitivity observed following 14 days of storage dry, or in ex‐vivo rodent brain tissue. However, subjecting the sensor to repeated calibrations and storage over the same period resulted in significant decreases (20–70 %) due to enzyme denaturation associated with the repeated calibration and storage cycles. Potential interference signals generated by the principal electroactive interferents present in the brain were minimal; typically <1 % of the choline current response at in vivo levels. Additionally, changing temperature over the physiologically relevant range of 34–40 °C had no effect on sensitivity, while increasing pH between 7.2 and 7.6 produced only a 5 % increase in signal. The limit of detection of the sensor was in the low μM range (0.11±0.02 μM), while the in vitro response time was determined to be less than the solution mixing time and within ca. 5 s, suggesting potential sub‐second in vivo response characteristics. Finally, the sensor was implanted in the striatum of freely moving rats and demonstrated reliable detection of physiological changes in choline in response to movement, and pharmacological manipulation by injection of choline chloride.
Mesozoic multi‐stage W–Sn polymetallic mineralization in the Nanling Range, South China: An example from the Dengfuxian–Xitian ore field
Authors: Li Huan , Sun Hua‐Shan , Algeo Thomas J. , Wu Jing‐Hua , Cao Jing‐Ya , Wu Qian‐Hong 
Published: November 2018

The Dengfuxian and Xitian ore fields, located in the central Nanling Range of South China, are characterized by multi‐stage W–Sn polymetallic mineralization. In this study, whole‐rock and zircon compositions in altered granites from four typical deposits in these ore fields (i.e., Dalong Pb–Zn, Xiangdong W, Gaolong fluorite, and Shaiheling Sn–Pb–Zn) were studied to constrain their fluid chemistry and mineralization history. Compared to unaltered granites at Dengfuxian and Xitian, these fluid‐altered granites are characterized by more variable SiO2 (64.2–78.4%) and lower TiO2 (0.02–0.12%), CaO (0.25–1.2%), and Na2O (0.31–2.6%) concentrations, lower ΣREE (87–156 ppm), and higher Zr/Hf (11.1–31.6) and Y/Ho (31.1–53.4) ratios, suggesting intense F‐rich fluid metasomatism. Zircon cathodoluminescence (CL), transmitted light and back‐scattered electron (BSE) imaging, laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) trace‐element analysis, U–Pb dating, and Hf isotopes revealed a sequence of three W–Sn polymetallic mineralization stages: a Triassic stage (~220 Ma), a Jurassic stage (~150 Ma), and a Cretaceous stage (~80 Ma). The Triassic episode was associated with a highly fractionated granitic magma derived from the lower crust and contaminated by basement rocks; the magmatic fluid was affected by a high 176Hf/177Hf component from the ~770‐Ma basement and probably precipitated under high F and high fO2 conditions. The Jurassic episode was related to mantle–crust interaction and resulted in large‐scale W–Sn mineralization at decreased fO2. The Cretaceous episode was marked by Sn mineralization in a lithospheric extensional setting. We infer that basement rocks were the major source of metals for the world‐class W–Sn ore deposits in the Nanling Range of South China. This study also demonstrates that whole‐rock geochemistry of hydrothermally altered granites in combination with Lu–Hf isotopic, U–Pb dating, and trace element analyses of magmatic and hydrothermal zircons can be a useful approach to recognition of multi‐stage magmatic and mineralization processes.
Petrogenesis of the late Early Palaeozoic adakitic granitoids in the southern margin of the Songliao Basin, NE China: Implications for the subduction of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean
Authors: Shi Yi , Shi Shao‐Shan , Liu Zheng‐Hong , Liu Jin , Ju Nan , You Hong‐Xi , Zhang Zhi‐Bin , Zhao Chun‐Qiang 
Published: November 2018

Many data have been reported from the Early Palaeozoic subduction complex belt and accretionary arc to the south of the Solonker‐Xar Moron‐Changchun‐Yanji Suture (SXCYS) zone. However, as the suture is covered to the east by the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Songliao Basin, there have yet been no related reports about the Early Palaeozoic igneous rocks in this area. The authors discovered an Early Palaeozoic granitoid intrusion in the Fangjiatun area, northern Liaoning, and performed petrologic, geochemical, zircon U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic analyses on it. Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb dating results show that the intrusion formed at 437–432 Ma, that is, in the late stage of the Early Silurian. Petrogeochemical analysis indicates that the intrusion records 63.14%–66.45% SiO2, with Na2O/K2O ratios of 1.01–6.12 and magnesian index (Mg#) values of 32.42–40.82. The REEs show a certain degree of LREE/HREE fractionation and slightly lower ΣREE contents. The trace elements are relatively enriched in Rb, Ba, Th, K, and Sr (large‐ion lithophile elements [LILEs]) and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti (high‐field‐strength elements [HFSEs]), displaying continental magmatic arc characteristics. The rocks have high Sr mass fractions, low Y and Yb mass fractions, and high Sr/Y ratios, which are consistent with the geochemical signatures of typical adakites. Zircon Hf isotopic analyses indicate that their εHf(t) values range from 0.29–6.56, reflecting the relatively depleted signatures of the source area. Based on its occurrence location and emplacement time, the intrusion is interpreted to have been produced by tectonic thermal events during the subduction of the Palaeo‐Asian oceanic crust beneath the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), thus reflecting the existence of an Early Palaeozoic continental marginal accretionary arc in the eastern segment of the NCC along the south of the SXCYS and provide new evidence for the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the NCC in the Early Palaeozoic.
Sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of the late middle Eocene dolostone succession, Kachchh, western India
Authors: Singh B. P. , Srivastava V. K. , Kanhaiya S. 
Published: November 2018

Dolostones form by many processes, and their origins are enigmatic. The present study focuses on the origin of the newly recorded 16.5‐m‐thick late middle Eocene dolostone succession of the Kachchh Basin, western India. To achieve this target, a comprehensive field, petrographic, scanning electron microscopy and geochemical studies have been carried out. This dolostone succession shows a sharp contact with the underlying middle Eocene Fulra Limestone Formation. The petrographic study shows a dominance of unimodal, planar‐euhedral idiotopic mosaics of dolomite rhombs along with replacement texture. The X‐ray diffraction pattern confirms it as non‐stoichiometric type dolomite (average molar% MgCO3 = 47.19). SEM‐EDS study deciphers perfectly developed zoned planar‐e dolomite rhombs (40–100 μm) with minor variation in the concentrations of elemental Mg (47.67% to 43.33%) and Ca (52.33% to 56.67%). Among the major oxides, CaO and MgO are the dominant components, indicating that the major mineral phase is dolomite. The positive correlation of CaO with SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 and a negative correlation of MgO and ∑REE with them suggest that the CaO was mainly contributed from the rivers, while the MgO was contributed from the lagoonal brine/seawater. The low concentration of Sr (144–234 ppm) in the studied dolostone is compatible with the marginal marine mixing origin. The ∑REE content in the dolostones is comparatively lower (18.22 ppm) than the average value of typical marine carbonates (28 ppm), thus suggesting meteoric mixing conditions. The superchondritic Y/Ho values (35.21–100) and Post‐Archaean Australian Shale‐normalized REY patterns of the dolostone facies exhibit typical shallow (bathymetry <50 m) seawater‐like patterns. A strong positive correlation between ΣREE and Y, and low Er/Nd ratios (~0.1) in the dolostone facies indicate incorporation of minor terrigenous influx during dolomitization in a meteoric‐marine mixing condition. The authigenic uranium (0.4–1.7) and slightly negative Ce anomaly suggest that the dolostone succession was precipitated in oxic to dysoxic conditions. The prevalence of planar (euhedral and subhedral) dolomite texture indicates that the dolomitization occurred in a shallow marine environment under low salinity and temperature conditions. Thus, the absence of evaporitic association and physical compaction or deep burial features and the presence of large channelized vugs, mouldic pores along with partially replaced shallow marine fossils, anhydrite cement, and marginal‐marine values of Sr, Na, Ba, Mn, and Fe support the meteoric‐marine mixing model of dolomitization under shallow marine condition of this dolostone succession.
Evaluating a shortened interpretation criterion for intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: 5‐minutes criterion in primary hyperparathyroidism and intraoperative algorithm
Authors: Riss Philipp , Dunkler Daniela , Selberherr Andreas , Brammen Lindsay , Heidtmann Julian , Scheuba Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMost criteria require a parathyroid hormone (PTH) decline of ≥50% within 10 minutes after excision of the gland during surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. The aim was to evaluate a model allowing earlier prediction of cure.MethodsOne thousand eighteen patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were included. A ≥50% decline from baseline within 10 minutes after excision intraoperatively predicted complete removal of hypersecreting tissue. The data were reanalyzed regarding a criterion, requiring a ≥50% decline after 5 minutes. Based on the data and the present literature, an algorithm was created.ResultsAssay predicted cure in 854 patients (true‐positive; 83.89%) after 10 minutes (false‐positive [FP] in 13 patients; 1.52%). Nevertheless, only 14 (1.83%) showed persisting disease. According to the “5 minutes” criterion, 723 patients (71.02%) showed a ≥50% decline from baseline within 5 minutes and 10 (1.38%) patients had a FP decline (sensitivity 0.75, specificity 0.86).ConclusionUsing a modified criterion, surgery can be discontinued 5 minutes earlier in 71%.
Diagnosis and treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia after total laryngectomy with or without pharyngoesophageal reconstruction: Systematic review
Authors: Terlingen Lisanne T. , Pilz Walmari , Kuijer Myrthe , Kremer Bernd , Baijens Laura W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review qualitatively summarizes the current literature on diagnosis and treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) after total laryngectomy (TLE).MethodsElectronic databases PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were used. Two independent reviewers carried out the literature search and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using a critical appraisal tool.ResultsForty‐four articles met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 35 studies were on diagnosis, four on therapy, and five on both diagnosis and treatment of OD following TLE. Study aims, swallowing‐assessment methods, and main findings of the included studies were summarized and presented.ConclusionsThe reviewers found heterogeneous outcomes and serious methodological limitations, which prevented us from pooling data to identify trends that would assist in designing best clinical practice protocols for OD following TLE. Further research should focus on several remaining gaps in our knowledge on diagnosis and treatment interventions for OD following TLE.
Predicting aircraft seat comfort using an artificial neural network
Authors: Zhao Chuan , Yu Sui‐huai , Miller Charles , Ghulam Moin , Li Wen‐hua , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAircraft seat pitch is one of the most important factors affecting passengers ability to sit comfortably for a longer time on the plane. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the association between different seat pitches and overall comfort index, and seat‐interface pressure variables as well as try to predict aircraft seat comfort. Through an experimental study, 11 subjects (age, 26.3 ± 1.6; height, 169.8 ± 8.5; body mass, 65.1 ± 15.6) rated five different seat pitch settings (55 examples, 11 participants and five scenarios). Descriptive statistics, together with one‐way analysis of variance were used to determine which of the metrics could be used to distinguish the overall comfort index. The results show that overall comfort index was statistically significant (p < 0.05) between different seat pitches, but there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in interface pressure variables. In addition, a multilayer feed forward neural network with one hidden layer was proposed with the help of Matlab Neural Network Toolbox. The model explained 99% of the variance in overall comfort index with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.12551. The remainder of the total data was used for validation purposes; the correlation is r = 0.775, p < 0.01, and the RMSE is 1.21031. That suggests this model has a significant relationship between the actual and predicted overall comfort index.