bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling physical characteristics of river habitats
Authors: Belmar Oscar , Booker Doug , Álvarez‐Cabria Mario , Peñas Francisco J. , Barquín José 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe physical characteristics of river habitats constitute the setting in which fluvial biota dwell and thrive. Determining the spatial and temporal patterns of physical habitat characteristics and the main factors that control them is extremely important to increase the efficiency of river management, conservation, and restoration. This study determined spatial patterns of physical habitat characteristics for Atlantic and Mediterranean rivers in northern Spain and developed a river classification based on hydromorphological characteristics. Data gathered from almost 600 sites following a modified version of the River Habitat Survey methodology were used. In addition to the usual River Habitat Survey variables, the sequence of hydromorphologic units (i.e., areas exhibiting similar hydraulic characteristics, in terms of water velocity and depth), water depths, and widths were recorded. Unmodified reaches were selected computing the Habitat Modification Score. Multiple Linear Regression models were employed to test relationships between Principal Component Analyses that summarized physical river habitat characteristics with ecological relevance and environmental variables (i.e., climate, topography, land cover, and geology) at different spatial scales and used to predict physical habitat attributes for all river reaches. The density of hydromorphologic units, flow turbulence, substrate size, and channel dimensions were able to discriminate river classes within the river network, with topography being the main environmental driver of habitat characteristics (although climate, geology, and land cover were also relevant). This classification scheme could constitute a useful tool to restore physical habitat conditions in modified river reaches.
Implications of an invasive fish barrier for the long‐term recovery of native fish assemblages in a previously degraded northeastern Illinois River system
Authors: Altenritter Matthew E. , Pescitelli Stephen M. , Whitten Andrya L. , Casper Andrew F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBarriers to fish movement have been used to prevent the spread of invasive fishes but may also limit the movements of native fishes. We evaluated the potential consequences of a proposed barrier on the Illinois River Waterway, meant to inhibit the spread of silver and bighead carps, to the continued recovery of native fishes in the Des Plaines River following water quality improvements. We compared changes in upstream cumulative species richness and community structure from 1983 to 2013 in the DuPage River, an adjacent tributary with an impassable dam, to the area upstream of a newly proposed barrier on the Des Plaines River where fish can currently pass through a navigational lock. Fewer species displayed truncated distributions upstream of the passable lock and dam (n = 18) compared with the impassable dam (n = 23). Due to water quality improvements in the Illinois River as a whole, cumulative species richness downstream of both dams steadily increased over time. Richness also increased upstream of the passable dam but plateaued upstream of the impassable dam. Fifteen to 18 species accounted for differences in community structure between areas downstream and upstream of either dam. Most species (78–100%) were found in greater relative abundance downstream of the impassable dam, and only 53% were found in greater relative abundance downstream of the passable dam. The truncation in species richness and abundance at the impassable dam foreshadows the potential consequences of an indiscriminate barrier on native fishes and the continued recovery of native assemblages.
Instrumental and affective ties within the laboratory: The impact of informal cliques on innovative productivity
Authors: Gómez‐Solórzano Manuel , Tortoriello Marco , Soda Giuseppe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryIn this paper, we contribute to research on networks and innovation by distinguishing between instrumental and affective ties and assessing their impact on individual innovativeness. In particular, using original data from the corporate R&D laboratory of a global pharmaceutical company, we evaluate how a specific structural arrangement (i.e., belonging to a clique) affects inventors' innovative productivity. Our results show that both instrumental/knowledge‐sharing cliques and affective/friendship cliques correlate positively with inventors' innovative productivity. However, we also observe that when inventors straddle knowledge‐sharing and friendship cliques, their innovative productivity declines.Managerial SummaryFirms competing in knowledge‐intensive industries rely on the productivity of their inventors to develop innovations. Within these firms, inventors' innovative productivity is influenced by the people they interact with and by the benefits and costs associated with maintaining these relationships. We find that inventors' innovative productivity is enhanced by having strong and embedded relationships with their colleagues, regardless of these relationships being based on knowledge‐sharing ties or friendship ties. However, when inventors are caught in between strong knowledge‐sharing ties and strong friendship ties, their innovative productivity suffers, ultimately hampering the firm's innovative capabilities.
Development and validation of the Classroom Observation Protocol for Engineering Design (COPED)
Authors: Wheeler Lindsay B. , Navy Shannon L. , Maeng Jennifer L. , Whitworth Brooke A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent education reforms including the Next Generation Science Standards emphasize integrating engineering into K‐12 science instruction. Although prior studies have characterized engineering design (ED) in K‐12 settings, no validated protocols attempt to characterize ED integration in secondary science classrooms. The present study used the ED and observation protocol literature to develop, validate, and test the reliability of the Classroom Observation Protocol for Engineering Design (COPED) instrument. Consistent with the ED literature, the COPED characterizes two components of ED: process and habits of mind. To use COPED, researchers code for ED process components, engineering habits of mind, and instructional grouping in 2‐min increments. Researchers also record qualitative field notes. Post‐observation, researchers include descriptions of disciplinary ties and ED structure. Support for content validity was established through two cycles of expert panel review and revision. Interrater reliability for the instrument was Cohen's κ = .81. The data collected from the reliability study were subsequently analyzed to demonstrate the utility of COPED in characterizing ED integration. The COPED provides researchers a tool to systematically characterize ED instruction within secondary science classrooms. Using COPED to characterize ED may support science educators in developing ED‐related teacher preparation and professional development.
Mobile Augmented Reality and Language‐Related Episodes
Authors: Sydorenko Tetyana , Hellermann John , Thorne Steven L. , Howe Vanessa 
Published: May 2019

Applications of locative media (e.g., place‐based mobile augmented reality [AR]) are used in various educational content areas and have been shown to provide learners with valuable opportunities for investigation‐based learning, location‐situated social and collaborative interaction, and embodied experience of place (Squire, 2009; Thorne & Hellermann, 2017; Zheng et al., 2018). Mobile locative media applications’ value for language learning, however, remains underinvestigated. To address this lacuna, this study employed the widely used construct of language‐related episodes (LREs; Swain & Lapkin, 1998) as a unit of analysis to investigate language learning through participation in a mobile AR game. Analysis of videorecorded interactions of four mixed‐proficiency groups of game players (two English language learners [ELLs] and one expert speaker of English [ESE] per group) indicates that LREs in this environment were focused on lexical items relevant to the AR tasks and physical locations. Informed by sociocultural theory and conversation analysis, the microgenesis of learners’ understanding and subsequent use of certain lexical items are indicated in the findings. This understanding of new lexical items was frequently facilitated by ESEs’ assistance and the surrounding physical environment. A strong goal orientation by both ESEs and ELLs was visible, providing implications for task‐based language teaching approaches.
Postoperative results of 407 patients submitted to Doppler-guided transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization
Authors: Rotta Carlos Mateus , Machado Laura Ruy , Uwada Patrícia Mie , Mizael Rafaela Delsin , Faxina Rachel de Oliveira , Bittencourt Gabriela , Bernardino Marjorie Cristina da Cruz , Martinez Carlos Augusto Real 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Introduction The treatment of hemorrhoidal disease by conventional technique is associated with significant morbidity, mainly represented by the postoperative pain and the late return to daily activities. A technique of hemorrhoidal dearterialization associated with rectal mucopexy is a minimal invasive surgical option that has been used to treat the hemorrhoidal disease and reduce its inconveniences.
Objective To analyze the seven-year results of hemorrhoidal dearterialization associated with rectal mucopexy in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease.
Methods This study analyzed 407 patients with hemorrhoids grade II, III and IV, who underwent the technique of hemorrhoidal dearterialization in the Luzia de Pinho Melo Hospital, during the period between December 2010 and December 2017. Twenty-seven patients (6.6%) had hemorrhoidal disease of the grade II, 240 (59.0%) grade III, and 117 (28.8%) grade IV. In 23 patients (5.7%), the grade was not found. All patients were operated by the same surgeon under spinal anesthesia. The 407 patients underwent dearterialization, with a varying ligation of one to six arterial branches followed by rectal mucopexy by uninterrupted suture. Eighty-two (20.14%) required removal of concomitant perianal piles or external hemorrhoids and/or fibrosed. In the postoperative follow-up the following parameters were evaluated: pain, tenesmus, bleeding, prolapse, thrombosis, and recurrence.
Results The tenesmus was postoperative complaint reported by 93.6% of patients. Forty-three (10.5%) presented intense tenesmus and 44 (22%), moderate to intense pain. Four (0.98%) patients presented more intense bleeding in postoperative follow up; none of the patients required blood transfusions. The prolapse occurred in 18 (4.42%) patients, thrombosis in 11 (2.7%), and there were 19 (4.67%) recurrences that were reoperated in this period.
Conclusion The hemorrhoidal dearterialization technique presents good results, with light and easy-to-resolve complications and little postoperative pain.
A linear guide-based actuation concept for a novel morphing aileron
Authors: Amendola G. , Dimino I. , Concilio A. , Pecora R. , Amoroso F. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the actuation system design of a full-scale morphing aileron for regional aircraft. The aileron is allowed to smoothly change its geometrical configuration and perform the in-flight transition from a baseline shape to a set of optimal morphed ones pre-defined on the basis of aerodynamic requirements. The design of such innovative aileron is aimed not only at substituting the conventional aileron installed on a real aircraft but also to provide additional functionality. The aileron is free to rotate around its main hinge axis and it is also allowed to smoothly modify camber with two independent actuation systems. In such manner it can be used also during cruise with a symmetric deflection between the two half wings in order to reduce drag in off design condition. To accomplish variable aileron shape, a rigid-body mechanism was designed. The proposed aileron architecture is characterised by segmented adaptive ribs rigidly linked each other with spanwise reinforcements such as spars and stringers in a multi-box arrangement. Each rib is split into two movable plates connected by means of rotational hinges in a finger-like mechanism. The mechanism is driven by a load-bearing actuator by means of a kinematic chain opportunely tied based on the structural requirements in terms of shape to be matched and load to be withstood. The proposed device is an innovative arrangement of the quick-return mechanism composed of a beam leverage, commercial linear guides and a crank. The actuator shaft is directly inserted in the crank, which transmits the rotation to the linear guide that slide along a rail moving upward or downward the beam thus resulting in a camber variation. The entire aileron is moved by three leverages internally contained and distributed along the first two bays while the most external ribs are considered passive and their movement slaved. Two actuation layouts are analytically and numerically studied, the analytical theory is presented and validated by means of a multi-body simulation. Moreover, a linear static analysis was carried out under the hypothesis of glued contact between linear guides components simulating a jamming condition. This assumption has been formulated because it represents the most severe condition that envelop all the operative loads to which the actuation system is subjected. The analyses conducted are preliminarily aimed to verify that no failure occur under the imposed loads. In this first design loop, the vertical static force acting on the linear carriage exceeded allowable value and then a new configuration with double-sided linear guides was then investigated.
La nationalité en procès : droit international privé et monde méditerranéen
Authors: Marglin Jessica M. 
Published: May 2019

RésumésCet article emploie la microhistoire d’une affaire transnationale qui se déroulait entre l’Italie et la Tunisie pendant les années 1870 et 1880 pour éprouver le droit international grâce à une approche qui va au-delà des frontières de l’Occident. L’affaireSamama contre Samamaprésente un litige fort compliqué, examiné par les cours de justice italiennes pendant près d’une décennie. La principale difficulté du procès concernait la nationalité de Nissim Samama, un juif né à Tunis, et, partant, l’ordre juridique qui pouvait décider de sa succession. Le Code civil italien promettait de respecter les droits nationaux des ressortissants étrangers, mais ces derniers étaienta prioriconsidérés comme occidentaux uniquement. Or une affaire où il était question à la fois du droit tunisien et du statut des juifs interrogeait les fondements mêmes de l’ordre juridique international. En portant devant les tribunaux le problème de la nationalité de Samama, le procès dévoilait plusieurs failles et tensions au sein des théories émergentes du droit international : comment des États non occidentaux tels que la Tunisie pouvaient-ils s’intégrer dans l’ordre juridique international naissant ? Comment le droit international envisageait-il le droit musulman ? Quel était le statut de la nation juive dans un monde de nationalités de plus en plus exclusives ? Les actes d’un tel procès permettent de prendre la mesure des débats et des réflexions entre les spécialistes de droit international sur les ambiguïtés propres à leur discipline. De même, ils donnent un accès privilégié à la façon dont les Maghrébins concevaient le droit international. Les controverses qui en résultent mettent au jour les tensions inhérentes à un droit international qui ne cesse d’hésiter alors entre particularisme occidental et universalisme.
Reduction in Clostridium difficile infection rates following a multifacility prevention initiative in Orange County, California: A controlled interrupted time series evaluation
Authors: Rizzo Kyle R. , Yi Sarah H. , Garcia Erin P. , Zahn Matt , Epson Erin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the Orange County Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) prevention collaborative’s effect on rates of CDI in acute-care hospitals (ACHs) in Orange County, California.Design:Controlled interrupted time series.Methods:We convened a CDI prevention collaborative with healthcare facilities in Orange County to reduce CDI incidence in the region. Collaborative participants received onsite infection control and antimicrobial stewardship assessments, interactive learning and discussion sessions, and an interfacility transfer communication improvement initiative during June 2015–June 2016. We used segmented regression to evaluate changes in monthly hospital-onset (HO) and community-onset (CO) CDI rates for ACHs. The baseline period comprised 17 months (January 2014–June 2015) and the follow-up period comprised 28 months (September 2015–December 2017). All 25 Orange County ACHs were included in the CO-CDI model to account for direct and indirect effects of the collaborative. For comparison, we assessed HO-CDI and CO-CDI rates among 27 ACHs in 3 San Francisco Bay Area counties.Results:HO-CDI rates in the 15 participating Orange County ACHs decreased 4% per month (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95–0.97; P < .0001) during the follow-up period compared with the baseline period and 3% (IRR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.99; P = .002) per month compared to the San Francisco Bay Area nonparticipant ACHs. Orange County CO-CDI rates declined 2% per month (IRR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–1.00; P = .03) between the baseline and follow-up periods. This decline was not statistically different from the San Francisco Bay Area ACHs (IRR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–1.00; P = .09).Conclusions:Our analysis of ACHs in Orange County provides evidence that coordinated, regional multifacility initiatives can reduce CDI incidence.
Thermocapillary flow between grooved superhydrophobic surfaces: transverse temperature gradients
Authors: Yariv Ehud , Crowdy Darren 
Published: May 2019

We consider the thermocapillary motion of a liquid layer which is bounded between two superhydrophobic surfaces, each made up of a periodic array of highly conducting solid slats, with flat bubbles trapped in the grooves between them. Following the recent analysis of the longitudinal problem (Yariv, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 855, 2018, pp. 574–594), we address here the transverse problem, where the macroscopic temperature gradient that drives the flow is applied perpendicular to the grooves, with the goal of calculating the volumetric flux between the two surfaces. We focus upon the situation where the slats separating the grooves are long relative to the groove-array period, for which case the temperature in the solid portions of the superhydrophobic plane is piecewise uniform. This scenario, which was investigated numerically by Baier et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 82 (3), 2010, 037301), allows for a surprising analogy between the harmonic conjugate of the temperature field in the present problem and the unidirectional velocity in a comparable longitudinal pressure-driven flow problem over an interchanged boundary. The main body of the paper is concerned with the limit of deep channels, where the problem reduces to the calculation of the heat transport and flow about a single surface and the associated ‘slip’ velocity at large distance from that surface. Making use of Lorentz’s reciprocity, we obtain that velocity as a simple quadrature, providing the analogue to the expression obtained by Baier et al. (2010) in the comparable longitudinal problem. The rest of the paper is devoted to the diametric limit of shallow channels, which is analysed using a Hele-Shaw approximation, and the singular limit of small solid fractions, where we find a logarithmic scaling of the flux with the solid fraction. The latter two limits do not commute.
Impact of Weed Science and Agricultural Chemicals on Farm Productivity in the 1980's
Authors: Hill Gideon D. 
Published: May 2019

We are meeting near the Boston Common, an historic 50-acre public park that was set aside in 1630 for “common use as a cow pasture and training field.” Records show that 100 people (pirates, Indians, Quakers, and suspected witches) were hanged on the Common by the early Puritans who established the Massachusetts colony.There were no farmers or scientists on this list. Hopefully, after this presentation, my name will not be added to the Puritans' “hit” list.
Road to Nowhere? A Critical Consideration of the Use of the Metaphor ‘Care Pathway’ in Health Services Planning, Organisation and Delivery
Authors: CHECKLAND KATH , HAMMOND JON , ALLEN PAULINE , COLEMAN ANNA , WARWICK-GILES LYNSEY , HALL ALEX , MAYS NICHOLAS , SUTTON MATT 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetaphors are inescapable in human discourse. Policy researchers have suggested that the use of particular metaphors by those implementing policy changes both influences perceptions of underlying reality and determines what solutions seem possible, and that exploring ‘practice languages’ is important in understanding how policy is enacted. This paper contributes to the literature exploring the generative nature of metaphors in policy implementation, demonstrating their role in not just describing the world, but also framing it, determining what is seen/unseen, and what solutions seem possible. The metaphor ‘care pathway’ is ubiquitous and institutionalised in healthcare. We build upon existing work critiquing its use in care delivery, and explore its use in health care commissioning, using evidence from the recent reorganisation of the English NHS. We show that the pathways metaphor is ubiquitous, but not necessarily straightforward. Conceptualising health care planning as ‘designing a pathway’ may make the task more difficult, suggesting a limited range of approaches and solutions. We offer an alternative metaphor: the service map. We discuss how approaches to care design might be altered by using this different metaphor, and explore what it might offer. We argue not for a barren language devoid of metaphors, but for their more conscious use.
GOVERNO DEI PARTITI E RIPRODUCIBILITÀ DEMOCRATICA: IL DILEMMA DELLE NUOVE DEMOCRAZIE
Authors: Di Palma Giuseppe 
Published: May 2019

Introduzione«In ultima analisi», esordivo anni or sono su questa rivista, «i partiti politici servono a governare». Ma sarà poi vero? Stando ad una definizione minima dei partiti sembrerebbe di sì. Non sono forse i partiti il meccanismo di base tramite il quale le moderne democrazie formano e scelgono i propri governanti? Se optiamo, però, per una concezione più ambiziosa dei partiti politici, se guardiamo cioè ad essi come alla struttura principale che determina non solo chi governa ma anche i contenuti di governo e il loro ricambio, allora non abbiamo più una definizione certa ma una semplice ipotesi. Il fatto che i partiti siano al governo non garantisce quello che la letteratura anglosassone chiama party government (nell'ambiziosa accezione di cui sopra). Il che significa che il party government è una variabile, o se vogliamo un tipo ideale a cui solo alcune democrazie possono avvicinarsi, e neanche poi tanto.