bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunological Consequences of Nanoparticle‐Mediated Antitumor Photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Hameed Sadaf , Mo Shanyan , Mustafa Ghulam , Bajwa Sadia Z. , Khan Waheed S. , Dai Zhifei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConventional phototherapies have been thought to destroy the malignant cells through apoptosis or necrosis, shut down tumor microvasculature, and activate the host immune system. Accumulating evidence indicates that photothermal agents stimulate both innate and adaptive arms of host immune systems by i) priming tumor antigen–specific T‐cell responses, ii) attracting lymphocytes into the tumor site, and iii) modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the salutary effect of traditional phototherapies is hindered by its limited penetration depth in tissues. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapies have significantly transformed the landscape of cancer treatment from conventional phototherapies to most standard cancer therapy regimen. Therefore, phototherapies synergized with immunotherapy, maximize the anticancer efficacy by overcoming immunosuppressive TME and elucidating immune responses outside the irradiation area. This synergism is further strengthened by nanomaterial‐based strategies to form innovative nanocarriers for efficient and simultaneous delivery of photosensitizers and immunomodulators at the desired target. These nanocarriers can improve the accumulation and retention of both photosensitizer and immunomodulators within the target location, thereby enhancing safety and efficacy. Herein, the systematic effects of phototherapies on the immune system are summarized and the ways in which nanomaterial‐based photoimmunotherapy can facilitate the eradication of both primary and metastatic tumors are discussed.
Photoresponsive Delivery Microcarriers for Tissue Defects Repair
Authors: Zhao Xin , Liu Yuxiao , Shao Changmin , Nie Min , Huang Qian , Li Jieshou , Sun Lingyun , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntelligent responsive microcarriers have emerged as a promising class of biomaterials for therapeutic delivery and tissue regeneration, since they can respond to external stimuli and release the loaded drugs in an active manner. Among various available stimuli, near‐infrared (NIR) light is particularly attractive because it can penetrate biotic tissues with sufficient intensity and minimal damage. In this work, a kind of photoresponsive delivery microcarriers (PDMs) is developed using microfluidics. The microcarriers consist of NIR‐absorbing graphene oxide, thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), and biocompatible gelatin methacrylate. Under NIR light, the PDMs exhibit an evident volume shrinkage and effectively trigger the drug release. After the NIR light is switched off, the shrunken microcarriers return to their original size. This reversible process can be stably repeated for many cycles. An in vitro experiment demonstrates that the NIR‐radiated PDMs can actively release vascular endothelial growth factors and improve the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results from the in vivo experiment also show an obvious photothermal effect and superior therapeutic efficacy of these PDMs in a rat model of tissue defects. These features make the PDMs an excellent drug delivery system and represent a great potential for clinical applications in tissue repair.
Construction of CoP/NiCoP Nanotadpoles Heterojunction Interface for Wide pH Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis and Supercapacitor
Authors: Lin Yan , Sun Kaian , Liu Shoujie , Chen Xiaomeng , Cheng Yuansheng , Cheong Weng‐Chon , Chen Zheng , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Jun , Li Xiyou , Pan Yuan , Chen Chen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConstructing well defined nanostructures is promising but still challenging for high‐efficiency catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and energy storage. Herein, utilizing the differences in surface energies between (111) facets of CoP and NiCoP, a novel CoP/NiCoP heterojunction is designed and synthesized with a nanotadpoles (NTs)‐like morphology via a solid‐state phase transformation strategy. By effective interface construction, the disorder in terms of electronic structure and coordination environment at the interface in CoP/NiCoP NTs is created, which leads to dramatically elevated HER performance within a wide pH range. Theoretical calculations prove that an optimized proton chemisorption and H2O dissociation are achieved by an optimized phosphide polymorph at the interface, accelerating the HER reaction. The CoP/NiCoP NTs are also proved to be excellent candidates for use in supercapacitors (SCs) with a high specific capacitance (1106.2 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and good cycling stability (nearly 100% initial capacity retention after 1000 cycles). An asymmetric supercapacitor shows a high energy density (145 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and good cycling stability (capacitance retention is 95% after 3200 cycles). This work provides new insights into the catalyst design for electrocatalytic and energy storage applications.
Escalation in mucus cystatin 2, pappalysin‐A, and periostin levels over time predict need for recurrent surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Mueller Sarina K. , Wendler Olaf , Nocera Angela , Grundtner Philipp , Schlegel Patrick , Agaimy Abbas , Iro Heinrich , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is treated using oral/topical steroids and surgery. Despite maximal medical therapy, some patients remain recalcitrant. Mucus cystatin 2, pappalysin‐A, and periostin can predict the presence of CRSwNP and correlate with disease severity. This study was designed to determine whether prospective sampling of these mucus proteins could predict medical failure and the need for revision surgery.MethodsThis investigation was an institutional review board‒approved, prospective study of 66 patients with CRSwNP. All patients underwent surgery, administration of topical/oral steroids, and outpatient mucus sampling at 10 time‐points over 2 years. Five proteins, including cystatin 2 (CST2), pappalysin‐A (PAPP‐A), and periostin (PST), were analyzed and correlated with subjective parameters (including scores on the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test [SNOT‐22]). Variables were then analyzed and compared between those requiring revision surgery within 2 years (n = 5) and those with stable disease (n = 61).ResultsAll patients demonstrated a significant decline in CST2, PAPP‐A, and periostin after their initial surgery. The recalcitrant group demonstrated escalations in all proteins despite steroids, with levels higher than those of the stable group at 1 year (CST2: 258.1 ± 205.2 pg/mL vs 235.3 ± 275.7 pg/mL, p = 0.86; PAPP‐A: 170.3 ± 150.4 pg/mL vs 74.6 ± 106.7 pg/mL, p < 0.05; periostin: 188.8 ± 192.4 ng/mL vs 54.5 ± 47.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Escalation in all proteins correlated significantly with worsening SNOT‐22 score at each time‐point (domain 1: 8.2 ± 1.3 vs 5.5 ± 1.1; p < 0.05).ConclusionEarly recurrences and medical recalcitrance in CRSwNP may be predicted noninvasively through the serial, prospective sampling of mucus CST2, PAPP‐A, and periostin levels. These biosignatures may help to predict disease course and guide individualized therapy.
Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy by a Cascade of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Drug Release
Authors: Wang Sheng , Yu Guocan , Wang Zhantong , Jacobson Orit , Lin Li‐Sen , Yang Weijing , Deng Hongzhang , He Zhimei , Liu Yuan , Chen Zhi‐Yi , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) can be used not only as a therapeutic agent for chemodynamic therapy (CDT), but also as a stimulus to activate release of antitumor drugs, achieving enhanced efficacy through the combination of CDT and chemotherapy. Here we report a pH/ROS dual‐responsive nanomedicine consisting of β‐lapachone (Lap), a pH‐responsive polymer, and a ROS‐responsive polyprodrug. In the intracellular acidic environment, the nanomedicine can realize pH‐triggered disassembly. The released Lap can efficiently generate hydrogen peroxide, which will be further converted into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. Subsequently, through ROS‐induced cleavage of thioketal linker, doxorubicin is released from the polyprodrug. In vivo results indicate that the cascade of ROS generation and antitumor‐drug release can effectively inhibit tumor growth. This design of nanomedicine with cascade reactions offers a promising strategy to enhance antitumor efficacy.
Charging OBO‐Fused Double [5]Helicene with Electrons
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Wei Zheng , Müllen Klaus , Petrukhina Marina A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChemical reduction of OBO‐fused double[5]helicene with Group 1 metals (Na and K) has been investigated for the first time. Two doubly‐reduced products have been isolated and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, revealing a solvent‐separated ion triplet (SSIT) with Na+ions and a contact‐ion pair (CIP) with K+ion. As the key structural outcome, the X‐ray crystallographic analysis discloses the consequences of adding two electrons to the double helicene core in the SSIT without metal binding and reveals the preferential binding site in the CIP with K+counterions. In both products, an increase in the twisting of the double helicene core upon charging was observed. The negative charge localization at the central core has been identified by theoretical calculations, which are in full agreement with X‐ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic results. Notably, it was confirmed that the two‐electron reduction of OBO‐fused double[5]helicene is reversible.
UAV survey at archaeological earthwork sites in the Brazilian state of Acre, southwestern Amazonia
Authors: Saunaluoma Sanna , Anttiroiko Niko , Moat Justin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used for many scientific applications, including archaeological surveys. We test the suitability and practicability of UAV surveying in the tropical lowlands of Brazil and techniques for visualizing the resulting digital elevation models, specifically the Red Relief Image Map (RRIM). We present the results of UAV surveys conducted at four diverse archaeological earthwork sites situated in interfluvial southwestern Amazonia, in the state of Acre. The elevation models produced from UAV derived point clouds display clear patterns in the site layouts and reveal subtle intra‐site earthwork features that are not easily discernible on the ground. Our study demonstrates that UAVs are cost efficient and give highly detailed results for topographic mapping and visualization of archaeological features when vegetation cover is sufficiently low and sparse. The rapid data capture and lack of spatial sampling bias of the UAV data collection is a significant advantage compared to conventional mapping methods. Furthermore, UAV surveying and UAV derived data processing do not require expensive technologies or specialized user expertise, since open‐source software and easy‐to‐use toolkits are readily available.
Catalyst‐Free and Solvent‐Free Facile Hydroboration of Imines
Authors: Pandey Vipin K. , Donthireddy Siva Nagendra Reddy , Rit Arnab 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA facile process for the catalyst‐free and solvent‐free hydroboration of aromatic as well as heteroaromatic imines is reported. This atom‐economic methodology is scalable, compatible with sterically and electronically diverse imines, displaying excellent tolerance towards various functional groups, and works efficiently at ambient temperature in most of the cases, affording secondary amines in good to excellent yield after hydrolysis.
Proline‐containing peptides—New insight and implications: A Review
Authors: Misiura Magdalena , Miltyk Wojciech 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe family of regulatory proline‐containing peptides (PCPs), also known as glyprolines, exhibit significant biological activity. The group of glyprolines includes Gly‐Pro (GP), Pro‐Gly‐Pro (PGP), cyclic Gly‐Pro (cGP), as well as PGP derivatives, for example, N‐acetylated PGP (N‐a‐PGP) and N‐methylated PGP (N‐m‐PGP). PCPs are engaged in various biological processes including the proinflammatory neutrophil chemoattraction in lung diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases or ischemic stroke. Glyprolines have been also postulated to play an important role as atheroprotective and anticoagulant agents, exhibit neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease, as well as regulate insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) homeostasis. It was also noticed that PCPs inhibit proliferation and migration of keratinocytes in wound healing, protection of the gastric mucosa and stimulation of its regeneration. The regulatory glyprolines are derived from endogenous and exogenous sources. Most PCPs are derived from collagen or diet protein degradation. Recently, great interest is concentrated on short proline‐rich oligopeptides derived from IGF‐1 degradation. The mechanism of PCPs biological activity is not fully explained. It involves receptor‐mediated mechanisms, for example, N‐a‐PGP acts as CXCR1/2 receptor ligand, whereas cGP regulates IGF‐1 bioavailability by modifying the IGF‐1 binding to the IGF‐1 binding protein‐3. PGP has been observed to interact with collagen‐specific receptors. The data suggest a promising role of PGP as a target of various diseases therapy. This review is focused on the effect of PCPs on metabolic processes in different tissues and the molecular mechanism of their action as an approach to pharmacotherapy of PCPs‐dependent diseases.
Direct electrical stimulation enhances osteogenesis by inducing Bmp2 and Spp1 expressions from macrophages and preosteoblasts
Authors: Srirussamee Kasama , Mobini Sahba , Cassidy Nigel J. , Cartmell Sarah H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe capability of electrical stimulation (ES) in promoting bone regeneration has already been addressed in clinical studies. However, its mechanism is still being investigated and discussed. This study aims to investigate the responses of macrophages (J774A.1) and preosteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1) to ES and the faradic by‐products from ES. It is found that pH of the culture media was not significantly changed, whereas the average hydrogen peroxide concentration was increased by 3.6 and 5.4 µM after 1 and 2 hr of ES, respectively. The upregulation of Bmp2 and Spp1 messenger RNAs was observed after 3 days of stimulation, which is consistent among two cell types. It is also found that Spp1 expression of macrophages was partially enhanced by faradic by‐products. Osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts was not observed during the early stage of ES as the level of Runx2 expression remains unchanged. However, cell proliferation was impaired by the excessive current density from the electrodes, and also faradic by‐products in the case of macrophages. This study shows that macrophages could respond to ES and potentially contribute to the bone formation alongside preosteoblasts. The upregulation of Bmp2 and Spp1 expressions induced by ES could be one of the mechanisms behind the electrically stimulated osteogenesis.
Lethal combinations: A conjunctive analysis of crime scene behavior associated with sexual homicide
Authors: Chopin Julien , Beauregard Eric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis research investigates violent stranger rapes and the factors leading these cases to sexual homicides. Variables relating to modus operandi characteristics on one part and offender behavior on the other part are examined using conjunctive analysis of cases configuration to identify the different combinations leading to a lethal outcome. Using a French sample of 1263 cases of violent rapes and 303 cases of sexual homicides involving female adult victims, we find that blows given by offenders and information about physical resistance of victims are strongly associated intentional and non‐intentional sexual homicides. Psychoactive substance consumption by offenders as well associal isolation are in a lesser extend also associated with the lethal outcome.
Mechanistic Insight into the Photodynamic Effect Mediated by Neutral Red and a New Azine Compound in Staphylococcus aureus Cells
Authors: Urrutia María Noel , Ortiz Cristina S. , Alovero Fabiana L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe photodynamic activity of Neutral Red and the new monobrominated Neutral Red was studied in suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus. The effect of mannitol and sodium azide in the presence of 25 μm photosensitizer on lethal photosensitization were investigated. The results of the mechanistic evaluation of Neutral Red showed that both mannitol and sodium azide produced a completed protective effect after irradiation without significant differences between them. The evaluation of monobrominated Neutral Red also showed a protective effect of microorganisms with the addition of mannitol. Although sodium azide produced a protective effect of the photoinactivation, it was incomplete and less than that exhibited by mannitol. The results indicate that the starting reagent, Neutral Red, is a producer of radical species, acting through a type I mechanism, whereas the halogenated derivative of Neutral Red produced reactive oxygen species and a contribution of singlet molecular oxygen cannot be discarded in the photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus cells. These results, analyzed together with the previously evaluated properties of the dyes, allow us to explain the differences observed in the photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus mediated by both azine photosensitizers.
Technical success and long‐term outcomes after anomalous right coronary artery stenting with cardiac computed tomography angiography correlation
Authors: Darki Amir , Motiwala Afaq , Bakhos Lara , Lewis Bruce E. , Lopez John J. , Steen Lowell H. , Mathew Verghese , Leya Ferdinand S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionAnomalous origin of coronary arteries has been observed in about 0.35–2.10% of the population. Patients with anomalous right coronary artery (ARCA) may present with significant symptoms, arrhythmias or ACS, and at times sudden death. Traditionally, surgical correction has been the recommended treatment. However, these may be technically challenging, and bypass grafting for such anomalies has the potential for graft failure because of competitive flow. We sought to determine the intermediate and long‐term outcomes of drug‐eluting stent placement for patients with symptomatic ARCA. We also looked at angiographic findings suggestive of interarterial course as confirmed by subsequent computed tomography (CT) findings.MethodsBetween January 2005 and December 2012, we enrolled 11 patients for elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of ARCA in a single center, prospective, nonrandomized fashion. Patients were followed up in clinic at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, and then annually or more frequently if needed. All patients underwent a cardiac CT, as well as functional stress testing when needed to assess for recurrence of disease.ResultsAll 11 of our patients, who presented with significant symptomatic stenosis with an ARCA, were successfully treated with PCI. Mean follow‐up duration was 8.5 years. The only two deaths during follow‐up were related to noncardiac causes (sepsis), with a mortality rate of 18.2%. Two patients had a positive functional study and on subsequent coronary angiography, one of them had significant in‐stent restenosis (target lesion revascularization of 9.1%) and one distal to the stent (target vessel revascularization 9.1%). We found the observation of a “slit‐like lesion” on angiography to have a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86% for the diagnosis of interarterial course of the anomalous vessel seen on subsequent CT.ConclusionsOur study results suggest that PCI of ARCA is an effective and low‐risk alternative to surgical correction, with good procedural success and long‐term outcomes. It can provide symptomatic relief in such patients and may reduce the risk of sudden death in younger patients, without the inherent risks associated with surgical repair.
Noninvasive treatment for chronic sialadenitis: Case report
Authors: Razmara Farnoosh , Mahmoudi Xaniar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis reporter expresses a patient with a history of tender neck swelling. After clinical and graphical examinations, the patient was diagnosed with submandibular sialolithiasis. Instead of invasive removal of the gland, a more conservative treatment was used. Eventually, after a 1‐year‐long follow‐up, the patient's conditions were found to be acceptable.
A case of extreme hyponatremia without neurologic symptoms
Authors: Zhou Na , Yang Chang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOur case report highlights that profound hyponatremia with sodium level 101 mmol/L could have no CNS symptoms, and drugs and endocrine disorders are relatively common causes and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyponatremia. Standard dose trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole‐induced hyponatremia is rare but still worth close attention in clinical practice.
Successful endovascular repair of a ruptured isolated iliac artery aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Kimura Fumiaki , Ookubo Ryo , Kobayashi Daita , Harada Hideyuki , Baba Toshio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile isolated iliac artery aneurysm is rare, its rupture can lead to complete circulatory collapse and possibly death. Herein, we report a case of rupture of a large isolated aneurysm of the right common iliac artery that led to circulatory collapse and rapid endovascular repair saved the patient's life.
Pool Evaporation – Experimental Data Collection and Modeling
Authors: Habib Abdelkarim , Schalau Bernd 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen handling flammable or toxic liquids or liquefied gases, the occurrence of a leakage and formation of a liquid pool is a scenario to be considered for risk assessment. Several models are available for estimating the evaporating mass flow, but only few experimental data exist for validation purposes. Evaporation experiments, with vapor pressures up to 0.94 bar and with different substances in basins of varying diameter, were carried out, mainly on open‐air test sites with different topographies, but also in enclosed spaces. Based on these new data, a validation of existing pool evaporation models was carried out and eventually led to the new formulation of an evaporation model, which is also presented here.
A Facile Method for the Synthesis of a MoS2/g‐C3N4 Photocatalyst
Authors: Truong Duy Huong , Vo Vien , Van Gerven Tom , Leblebici Mumin Enis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA MoS2/g‐C3N4 composite was synthesized by a significantly simple method using Na2MoO4 and thiourea as precursors, without the need for a hydrothermal or an ultrasound step. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized material was evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under blue light. The composites with low content of MoS2 performed better than pure g‐C3N4. Using a low‐power light‐emitting diode light source, an improvement of two orders of magnitude in the photochemical space‐time yield was achieved, proving enhanced energy efficiency and productivity compared to earlier studies. The degradation pathway of organic pollutants was confirmed by the effects of selective scavengers.