bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hong Kong Survey on the Epidemiology of Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Wu Kitty K. , Leung Patrick W. L. , Wong Corine S. M. , Yu Philippa M. W. , Luk Betty T. C. , Cheng Jamie P. K. , Wong Rose M. F. , Wong Patsy P. S. , Lui Joey C. C. , Ngan Jeanie C. F. , Leung Flora L. T. , Lam Linda C. W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study examined the epidemiology of trauma exposure (TE) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among community‐dwelling Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Multistage stratification sampling design was used, and 5,377 participants were included. In Phase 1, TE, probable PTSD (p‐PTSD), and psychiatric comorbid conditions were examined. In Phase 2, the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM‐IV (SCID‐I) was used to determine the weighted diagnostic prevalence of lifetime full PTSD. Disability level and health service utilization were studied. The findings showed that the weighted prevalence of TE was 64.8%, and increased to 88.7% when indirect TE types were included, with transportation accidents (50.8%) reported as the most common TE. The prevalence of current p‐PTSD among participants with TE was 2.9%. Results of logistic regression suggested that nine specific trauma types were significantly associated with p‐PTSD; among this group, severe human suffering, sexual assault, unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experience, captivity, and sudden and violent death carried the greatest risks for developing PTSD, odds ratio (OR) = 2.32–2.69. The occurrence of p‐PTSD was associated with more mental health burdens, including (a) sixfold higher rates for any past‐week common mental disorder, OR = 28.4, (b) more mental health service utilization, p < .001, (c) poorer mental health indexes in level of symptomatology, suicide ideation and functioning, p < .001, and (d) more disability, ps < .001–p = .014. The associations found among TE, PTSD, and health service utilization suggest that both TE and PTSD should be considered public health concerns.
Does Thyroid Gland Preserving Total Laryngectomy Affect Oncological Control in Laryngeal Carcinoma?
Authors: McGuire Jessica K. , Viljoen Gerrit , Rocke John , Fitzpatrick Siobhan , Dalvie Sameera , Fagan Johannes J. 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThyroid lobectomy is recommended with total laryngectomy in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. However, it is associated with a 32% to 89% risk of hypothyroidism, which is a problem for patients without access to thyroid hormone monitoring and replacement. A number of studies have reported a low incidence of thyroid gland involvement and recommended preserving the thyroid gland in favorable cases. Yet there are no studies that report whether thyroid preserving laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer adversely affects oncologic outcomes compared to patients who have undergone thyroid lobectomy.ObjectivesTo determine whether patients who underwent thyroid gland preserving laryngectomy had higher local recurrence rates or poorer disease‐free survival.MethodA retrospective folder review of patients who underwent a total laryngectomy over a 12‐year period was conducted. Local recurrence and disease‐free survival were determined for patients who had both their thyroid lobes preserved and compared with those who had a thyroid lobectomy.ResultsSixty‐nine patients had thyroid preserving laryngectomy and 73 patients had a thyroid lobectomy. The duration of follow‐up was 18 to 132 months (median, 30; IQR, 30). There was no significant difference in local recurrence rates (P = .76) or survival curves between the two groups.ConclusionThyroid preserving laryngectomy in selected patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma does not increase local recurrence rates, nor does it negatively affect disease‐free survival. Thyroid preservation is appropriate when intraoperative inspection of the larynx shows no extralaryngeal extension or when paratracheal nodal metastases are not a concern.Level of EvidenceLevel 4 Laryngoscope, 130:1465–1469, 2020
Northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) larval transport and settlement modeled for a temperate estuary
Authors: McManus M. Conor , Ullman David S. , Rutherford Scott D. , Kincaid Christopher 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEvaluating marine species' population connectivity through larval transport can provide insight into the reliance of geographically separated areas on each other's recruitment and metapopulation resiliency. Using larval transport modeling, we assessed the significance of different regions in supporting the Narragansett Bay Northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) population. We aimed to identify how areas with varying adult quahog biomass and implemented management strategies (based on water quality and commercial harvest) contribute to the overall stock's larval supply. Larval trajectories were modeled by integrating the currents from a realistic physical circulation model with quahog larval behavior applied to particles during spawning periods of 2006, 2007, and 2014. Modeled larval transport suggested that settlement occurs throughout Narragansett Bay, with 35% of spawned larvae swept out of the Bay to the coastal ocean and leaving the stock bounds. Quahogs in areas where shellfishing is prohibited due to water quality concerns produce a significant portion of the Bay's spawned larvae, theoretically serving as de facto spawning sanctuaries. The Providence River, located at the head of the Bay with high mature quahog biomass and currently closed to fishing due to water quality, is a significant source of quahog larvae for the stock. Simulated larval quahog settlement locations corresponded predominantly to sandy bottoms, with less spatial correspondence to commercial fisheries landings. Our work provides insight into the population connectivity of quahogs in Narragansett Bay and highlights the importance of considering oceanography and species' life history characteristics when constructing effective fisheries management plans.
Ebullition of oxygen from seagrasses under supersaturated conditions
Authors: Long Matthew H. , Sutherland Kevin , Wankel Scott D. , Burdige David J. , Zimmerman Richard C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGas ebullition from aquatic systems to the atmosphere represents a potentially important fraction of primary production that goes unquantified by measurements of dissolved gas concentrations. Although gas ebullition from photosynthetic surfaces has often been observed, it is rarely quantified. The resulting underestimation of photosynthetic activity may significantly bias the determination of ecosystem trophic status and estimated rates of biogeochemical cycling from in situ measures of dissolved oxygen. Here, we quantified gas ebullition rates in Zostera marina meadows in Virginia, U.S.A. using simple funnel traps and analyzed the oxygen concentration and isotopic composition of the captured gas. Maximum hourly rates of oxygen ebullition (3.0 mmol oxygen m−2 h−1) were observed during the coincidence of high irradiance and low tides, particularly in the afternoon when oxygen and temperature maxima occurred. The daily ebullition fluxes (up to 11 mmol oxygen m−2 d−1) were roughly equivalent to net primary production rates determined from dissolved oxygen measurements indicating that bubble ebullition can represent a major component of primary production that is not commonly included in ecosystem‐scale estimates. Oxygen content comprised 20–40% of the captured bubble gas volume and correlated negatively with its δ18O values, consistent with a predominance of mixing between the higher δ18O of atmospheric oxygen in equilibrium with seawater and the lower δ18O of oxygen derived from photosynthesis. Thus, future studies interested in the metabolism of highly productive, shallow water ecosystems, and particularly those measuring in situ oxygen flux, should not ignore the bubble formation and ebullition processes described here.
Olive‐Oil‐Derived Polyphenols Effectively Attenuate Inflammatory Responses of Human Keratinocytes by Interfering with the NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Aparicio‐Soto Marina , Redhu Davender , Sánchez‐Hidalgo Marina , Fernández‐Bolaños José G. , Alarcón‐de‐la‐Lastra Catalina , Worm Margitta , Babina Magda 
Published: August 2019

ScopeExtra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is rich in phenolic compounds, including hydroxytyrosol (HTy) and hydroxytyrosyl acetate (HTy‐Ac), which have presented multiple beneficial properties. Their impact on inflammatory responses in human keratinocytes and modes of action have not been addressed yet.Methods and resultsPrimary human keratinocytes are pretreated with HTy‐Ac or HTy for 30 min and stimulated with IL‐1β or Toll‐like receptor 3 ligand (TLR3‐l). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), measured by ELISA, is attenuated by both polyphenols in a dose‐dependent manner. The expression of several inflammation‐related genes, including distinct TSLP isoforms and IL‐8, are assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR and likewise inhibited by HTy‐Ac/HTy. Mechanistically, EVOO phenols counteracts IκB degradation and translocation of NF‐κB to the nucleus, a transcription factor of essential significance to TSLP and IL‐8 transcriptional activity; this is evidenced by immunoblotting. Accordingly, NF‐κB recruitment to critical binding sites in the TSLP and IL‐8 promoter is impeded in the presence of HTy‐Ac/HTy, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Promoter reporter assays finally reveal that the neutralizing effect on NF‐κB induction has functional consequences, resulting in reduced NF‐κB‐directed transcription.ConclusionEVOO phenols afford protection from inflammation in human keratinocytes by interference with the NF‐κB pathway.
Potential clinical impact of multiparametric quantitative MR spectroscopy in neurological disorders: A review and analysis
Authors: Kirov Ivan I. , Tal Assaf 
Published: August 2019

PurposeUnlike conventional MR spectroscopy (MRS), which only measures metabolite concentrations, multiparametric MRS also quantifies their longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times, as well as the radiofrequency transmitter inhomogeneity (B1+). To test whether knowledge of these additional parameters can improve the clinical utility of brain MRS, we compare the conventional and multiparametric approaches in terms of expected classification accuracy in differentiating controls from patients with neurological disorders.Theory and MethodsA literature review was conducted to compile metabolic concentrations and relaxation times in a wide range of neuropathologies and regions of interest. Simulations were performed to construct receiver operating characteristic curves and compute the associated areas (area under the curve) to examine the sensitivity and specificity of MRS for detecting each pathology in each region. Classification accuracy was assessed using metabolite concentrations corrected using population‐averages for T1, T2, and B1+ (conventional MRS); using metabolite concentrations corrected using per‐subject values (multiparametric MRS); and using an optimal linear multiparametric estimator comprised of the metabolites' concentrations and relaxation constants (multiparametric MRS). Additional simulations were conducted to find the minimal intra‐subject precision needed for each parameter.ResultsCompared with conventional MRS, multiparametric approaches yielded area under the curve improvements for almost all neuropathologies and regions of interest. The median area under the curve increased by 0.14 over the entire dataset, and by 0.24 over the 10 instances with the largest individual increases.ConclusionsMultiparametric MRS can substantially improve the clinical utility of MRS in diagnosing and assessing brain pathology, motivating the design and use of novel multiparametric sequences.
Modelling of internal erosion based on mixture theory: General framework and a case study of soil suffusion
Authors: Bui Tuan‐Anh , Gelet Rachel , Marot Didier 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA general thermo‐hydro‐mechanical framework for the modelling of internal erosion is proposed based on the theory of mixtures applied to two‐phase porous media. The erodible soil is partitioned in two phases: one solid phase and one fluid phase. The solid phase is composed of nonerodible grains and erodible particles. The fluid phase is composed of water and fluidized particles. Within the fluid phase, species diffuse. Across phases, species transfer. The modelling of internal erosion is contributed directly by mass transfer from the solid phase towards the fluid phase. The constitutive relations governing the thermomechanical behaviour, generalised diffusion, and transfer are structured by the dissipation inequality.The particular case of soil suffusion is investigated with a focus on constitutive laws. A new constitutive law for suffusion is constructed based on thermodynamic conditions and experimental investigations. This erosion law is linearly related to the power of seepage flow and to the erosion resistance index. Owing to its simplicity, this law tackles the overall trend of the suffusion process and permits the formulation of an analytical solution. This new model is then applied to simulate laboratory experiments, by both analytical and numerical methods. The comparison shows that the newly developed model, which is theoretically consistent, can reproduce correctly the overall trend of the cumulated eroded mass when the permeability evolution is small. In addition, the results are provided for four different materials, two different specimen sizes, and various hydraulic loading paths to demonstrate the applicability of the new proposed law.
Euler‐Lagrange equation: Case of energy‐optimal approach for induction machine
Authors: Abdelati Riadh , Mimouni M. Faouzi 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe optimal control problem that hinges on the Euler‐Lagrange equation can be applied to electric‐machine drives and the necessary and sufficient optimality conditions around the system control and the control variables can be designed in a congruent way. In this paper, a variational problem is proposed to minimize energy consumption by an Induction Motor (IM) under a Rotor Field–Oriented Vector Drive (RFOVD) during torque and speed transients. The optimal stimulus is to take into account real applications, like perturbed load torques, and an abrupt speed input. The approach consists of an off‐line algorithm that minimizes a cost functional or integral of the weighted sum of IM energy/power under the dynamic stress of the rotor flux and of rotation speed. The variational problem leads to a nonlinear differential equation known as the Euler‐Lagrange equation. A new method is suggested to run out an analytical solution and results in a time‐varying rotor flux considered as the optimal state variable of the dynamic IM model that saves energy of the IM drive under RFOVD. This solution provides loss‐minimization in steady‐state operations at an infinite horizon and performs adaptive suboptimal minimum‐energy consumption for torque transients. Simulation and experimental results are fully performed on 1.5‐kW laboratory IM, and prove the validity of the proposed method for both steady‐state and transient‐IM drive operations.
Structural analysis of ligand‐bound states of the Salmonella type III secretion system ATPase InvC
Authors: Bernal Ivonne , Römermann Jonas , Flacht Lara , Lunelli Michele , Uetrecht Charlotte , Kolbe Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTranslocation of virulence effector proteins through the type III secretion system (T3SS) is essential for the virulence of many medically relevant Gram‐negative bacteria. The T3SS ATPases are conserved components that specifically recognize chaperone–effector complexes and energize effector secretion through the system. It is thought that functional T3SS ATPases assemble into a cylindrical structure maintained by their N‐terminal domains. Using size‐exclusion chromatography coupled to multi‐angle light scattering and native mass spectrometry, we show that in the absence of the N‐terminal oligomerization domain the Salmonella T3SS ATPase InvC can form monomers and dimers in solution. We also present for the first time a 2.05 å resolution crystal structure of InvC lacking the oligomerization domain (InvCΔ79) and map the amino acids suggested for ATPase intersubunit interaction, binding to other T3SS proteins and chaperone–effector recognition. Furthermore, we validate the InvC ATP‐binding site by co‐crystallization of InvCΔ79 with ATPγS (2.65 å) and ADP (2.80 å). Upon ATP‐analogue recognition, these structures reveal remodeling of the ATP‐binding site and conformational changes of two loops located outside of the catalytic site. Both loops face the central pore of the predicted InvC cylinder and are essential for the function of the T3SS ATPase. Our results present a fine functional and structural correlation of InvC and provide further details of the homo‐oligomerization process and ATP‐dependent conformational changes underlying the T3SS ATPase activity.
An autonomous strawberry‐harvesting robot: Design, development, integration, and field evaluation
Authors: Xiong Ya , Ge Yuanyue , Grimstad Lars , From Pål J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an autonomous robot capable of picking strawberries continuously in polytunnels. Robotic harvesting in cluttered and unstructured environment remains a challenge. A novel obstacle‐separation algorithm was proposed to enable the harvesting system to pick strawberries that are located in clusters. The algorithm uses the gripper to push aside surrounding leaves, strawberries, and other obstacles. We present the theoretical method to generate pushing paths based on the surrounding obstacles. In addition to manipulation, an improved vision system is more resilient to lighting variations, which was developed based on the modeling of color against light intensity. Further, a low‐cost dual‐arm system was developed with an optimized harvesting sequence that increases its efficiency and minimizes the risk of collision. Improvements were also made to the existing gripper to enable the robot to pick directly into a market punnet, thereby eliminating the need for repacking. During tests on a strawberry farm, the robots first‐attempt success rate for picking partially surrounded or isolated strawberries ranged from 50% to 97.1%, depending on the growth situations. Upon an additional attempt, the pick success rate increased to a range of 75–100%. In the field tests, the system was not able to pick a target that was entirely surrounded by obstacles. This failure was attributed to limitations in the vision system as well as insufficient dexterity in the grippers. However, the picking speed improved upon previous systems, taking just 6.1 s for manipulation operation in the one‐arm mode and 4.6 s in the two‐arm mode.
The First Products of Aniline Oxidation – SERS Spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Morávková Zuzana , Dmitrieva Evgenia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere are different opinions on the first products of aniline oxidation throughout the scientific community. While electrochemists basically accept only linear oligomers with repeating units joint in para positions, chemists have proposed formation of various branched and polycyclic oligomers. It was also suggested that one of these structures, N‐phenyl‐phenazinium cation, is responsible for the adherence of polyaniline films to substrates. In this work, a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical analysis of the species adsorbed onto gold surface in aniline‐containing solution at pH 1 and 5 is presented. The influence of the pH value on the oligomer structure is declared. The results are discussed in the context of linear and branched/phenazine‐like aniline oligomers.
An Asymptotically Exact Analytical Solution for the Isotherm Based on the Gaussian Distribution on Adsorption Heat
Authors: Vigdorowitsch Michael , Tsygankova Liudmila , Uryadnikova Marina N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGiven a surface energetic heterogeneity as the normal distribution function, the approximate analytical solution has been obtained that resembles the true isotherm at both low‐ and high‐pressure limits as well as reproduces its intermediate, so‐called centrosymmetric, point. An asymptotic complement property that introduces a continuous mapping of the isotherm onto itself has been formulated, proved and shown to be applicable to a whole class of surfaces. The limiting or degenerative cases on energetically homogeneous (the Langmuir case), evenly heterogeneous (the Temkin case) and quasi‐passive surface have been considered. The role of the heterogeneity parameters of the overall Gauss isotherm has been studied. An algorithm to determine the adsorption heat characteristics of the surface has been built. Hints for future use of the asymptotic complement property have been given.
Study on the Macro‐Kinetics of NO Advanced Oxidation Removal by Decomposition of Gas‐Phase H2O2 over γ‐Fe2O3@Fe3O4
Authors: Yang Siyuan , Xiong Yuanquan , He Shanshan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMixed maghemite–magnetite (γ‐Fe2O3@Fe3O4) has been used as catalyst for NO advanced oxidation removal under various conditions such as the reaction temperature, the feeding rate of H2O2 and the SO2 concentration in this study. The result of macro‐kinetics experiments indicate that the reaction order of NO from simulated flue gas is 1.06(CU) and 1.11(HM), respectively. The obtained first‐order activation energy for the NO removal in the presence of CU and HM were Ea=49.87KJ/mol and Ea=30.06KJ/mol, respectively. The XPS results prove that surface hydroxyl groups play an important role in the formation of •OH.
Acridine‐Thiosemicarbazones‐Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles as a Selective Sensor for Copper(II)‐Ion in Tap Water
Authors: Ali Imdad , Isaac Ibanga Okon , Ahmed Farid , Aslam Fariha , Ali Shujaat , Imran Muhammad , Alharthy Rima D. , Shah Muhammad Raza , Malik Muhammad Imran , Hameed Abdul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEnvironmental pollution due to heavy metals ions is becoming a serious threat to human health. In this study, we have synthesized acridine‐thiosemicarbazones‐stabilized silver nanoparticles (AT‐AgNPs) to explore their cation sensing ability and selectivity for detection copper(II)‐ion in aqueous system. Newly synthesized nanoparticle were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as ultraviolet–visible, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Zetasizer. The average size of the highly robust AT‐AgNPs was found to be in the range of 70–90 nm. The photophysical potential of AT‐AgNPs was explored using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Addition of copper(II)‐ion induce significant quenching in the absorption intensity of AT‐AgNPs, whereas all other tested metals did not produce any detectable change in the UV‐visible spectrum. Further, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined by employing standard deviation method which is found to be 1 μM with a R2 equal to 0.9931. The synthesized AT‐AgNPs were highly selective for copper(II)‐ion in presence of other interferents like salts, and other metal ions. Moreover, the AT‐AgNPs were effectively and efficiently employed for the same purpose in tap water.