bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing nurses' intentions to leave adult critical care settings
Authors: Khan Nadeem , Jackson Debra , Stayt Louise , Walthall Helen 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe shortage of critical care and specialist nurses has been an ongoing issue for many decades. Although all areas of nursing are affected, critical care areas are especially vulnerable to recruitment and retention problems. High nursing turnover in critical care areas is evident; however, research into the factors that influence nurses' intentions to leave adult critical care areas is limited.AimTo explore factors that may influence nurses' intentions to leave adult critical care areas.ObjectivesTo appraise existing evidence and highlight gaps in knowledge regarding factors that may influence nurses' intentions to leave adult critical care areas.MethodsA systematic mixed‐method literature review was conducted. The search strategy was developed using the List, Keep and Delete approach, a framework used to identify search terms for systematic health care reviews. The following key words were used: intentions to leave, nurses, adult and critical care. The databases searched were BNI, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Health B Elite from 2005 to 2016. Primary data from non‐critical care areas and neonatal and paediatric critical care areas were excluded. Comprehensive supplementary searching was performed. Papers were critically appraised using the NICE (2012) checklists. Data were analysed using the Braun and Clarke (2006) thematic framework.ResultsA total of 15 studies, including 13 cross‐sectional studies and 2 qualitative studies, were reviewed. Three main themes emerged following data analysis. These themes were quality of the work environment, nature of working relationships and traumatic/stressful workplace experiences.ConclusionsThe literature review highlighted the need for further research and greater understanding of how these themes may impact critical care nurses. Nurse managers and leaders should consider these findings when developing strategies to improve nurse retention.Relevance to practiceThe shortage of critical care nurses is currently a global issue impacting costs and quality of patient care.
Is refreshing in working memory impaired in older age? Evidence from the retro‐cue paradigm
Authors: Loaiza Vanessa M. , Souza Alessandra S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractImpairments in refreshing have been suggested as one source of working memory (WM) deficits in older age. Retro‐cues provide an important method of investigating this question: a retro‐cue guides attention to one WM item, thereby arguably refreshing it and increasing its accessibility compared with a no‐cue baseline. In contrast to the refreshing deficit hypothesis, intact retro‐cue benefits have been found in older adults. Refreshing, however, is assumed to boost not one but several WM representations when sequentially applied to them. Hence, intact refreshing requires the flexible switching of attention among WM items. So far, it remains an open question whether older adults show this flexibility. Here, we investigated whether older adults can use multiple cues to sequentially refresh WM representations. Younger and older adults completed a continuous‐color delayed‐estimation task, in which the number of retro‐cues (0, 1, or 2) presented during the retention interval was manipulated. The results showed a similar retro‐cue benefit for younger and older adults, even in the two‐cue condition in which participants had to switch attention between items to refresh representations in WM. These findings suggest that the capacity to use cues to refresh information in visual WM may be preserved with age.
The Central Adriatic Wine Trade of Italy Revisited
Authors: Van Limbergen Dimitri 
Published: April 2018

SummarySince Maria Teresa Cipriano's and Marie‐Brigitte Carre's seminal 1989 paper ‘Production et typologie des amphores sur la côte adriatique de l'Italie’ in the volume ‘Amphores romaines et histoire économique’, our knowledge of Adriatic Italian wine amphorae has much improved. Most of these ‘new data’, however, remain poorly known among the wider scholarly community and no real update regarding their production loci and distribution patterns has as yet been attempted. This paper fills the void for the central part of the eastern coastline between Rimini and Pescara and reviews the latest evidence regarding the manufacture and circulation of these amphorae. In the process, the central Adriatic area of Italy emerges as a key player in the Late Republican and Early Imperial wine trade. This reassessment provides a new starting point for the diachronic exploration of the Adriatic wine commerce between c.250 BC and AD 150.
Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw: an adjunctive medical regime
Authors: Martin K. , Nathwani S. , Bunyan R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAntiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents, including bisphosphonates, have been revolutionary in the treatment of malignancy and osteoporosis, providing benefit to this group of patients over the past 10 years. Their use has lead to an increasingly well recognised complication of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (mRONJ).Aim(1) Provide an overview of the pathophysiology and current evidence based management of mRONJ.(2) Introduce adjunctive medical regime in managing patients with mRONJ.MethodA series of three patients diagnosed with mRONJ were treated with Pentoxifylline and α‐Tocopherol (PENTO), a medical regime revolutionary for the management of osteoradionecrosis. Their clinical and radiographic findings were recorded alongside changes in their neuropathic symptoms.ResultsAll three patients were treated with PENTO either in isolation or in conjunction with conventional surgical measures. All showed improvement in their neuropathic symptoms, and had partial/complete reduction in exposed necrotic bone with radiographic evidence of bony healing.ConclusionNot all patients are suitable for conventional surgical intervention, and the implementation of a medical regimen as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for mRONJ patients has had promising results both within this case series and across the literature. Further controlled studies in this field are required.
Hindu pluralism: A prehistory
Authors: Fisher Elaine M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSectarianism is a term that has become firmly ingrained in Western scholarly literature on Hinduism for more than a century—and with a definition that, at best, may seem peculiarly idiosyncratic, and at worst dangerously misleading. In emplotting theistic difference as deviance, previous scholarship has gone too far in erasing the variegated textures of the Indic religious landscape, layers of difference that persist unabated to this day beneath the guise of Hindu unity. By reframing the diversity of Hinduism in light of its early modern precursors, this article aims to re‐situate Hindu sectarianism as a precolonial, and distinctively non‐Western form of religious pluralism. The sectarian religious publics of early modern South India provide us with an opportunity to rethink the very criteria for a non‐Western pluralism, founded not on the prescriptive model of a Western civil society but on a historically descriptive account of the role of religion in public space.
The characteristics of asymmetric pedestrian behavior: A preliminary study using passive smartphone location data
Authors: Malleson Nick , Vanky Anthony , Hashemian Behrooz , Santi Paolo , Verma Santosh K. , Courtney Theodore K. , Ratti Carlo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the movements of people is essential for the design and management of urban areas. This article presents a novel approach to understanding the asymmetry in route choice (i.e., the degree to which people choose different walking routes for their outbound and return journeys). The study utilizes a large volume of traces of individual routes, captured using a smartphone application. The routes are aggregated to a regular grid, and matrix statistics are developed to estimate the aggregate degree of route asymmetry for different types of route (shortest, longest, weekday, weekend, etc.). The results suggest that people change their route approximately 15% of the time. Although this varied little when observing trips made at the weekend or on a weekday, people taking journeys that deviated substantially from the shortest possible path were 6 percentage points less likely to change their routes than those taking journeys that were closest to the shortest path (14 and 20% asymmetry, respectively). The absolute length also impacted on the asymmetry of journeys, but not as substantially. This result is important because, for the first time, it reports a correlation between deviation from shortest route and aggregate pedestrian choice.
Human CD31 on porcine cells suppress xenogeneic neutrophil‐mediated cytotoxicity via the inhibition of NETosis
Authors: Wang Han‐Tang , Maeda Akira , Sakai Rieko , Lo Pei‐Chi , Takakura Chihiro , Jiaravuthisan Patmika , Mod Shabri Afifah , Matsuura Rei , Kodama Tasuku , Hiwatashi Shohei , Eguchi Hiroshi , Okuyama Hiroomi , Miyagawa Shuji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundXenotransplantation is one of the promising strategies for overcoming the shortage of organs available for transplant. However, many immunological obstructions need to be overcome for practical use. Increasing evidence suggests that neutrophils contribute to xenogeneic cellular rejection. Neutrophils are regulated by activation and inhibitory signals to induce appropriate immune reactions and to avoid unnecessary immune reactivity. Therefore, we hypothesized that the development of neutrophil‐targeted therapies may have the potential for increased graft survival in xenotransplantation.MethodsA plasmid containing a cDNA insert encoding the human CD31 gene was transfected into swine endothelial cells (SEC). HL‐60 cells were differentiated into neutrophil‐like cells by culturing them in the presence of 1.3% dimethyl sulfoxide for 48 hours. The cytotoxicity of the differentiated HL‐60 cells (dHL‐60) and peripheral blood‐derived neutrophils was evaluated by WST‐8 assays. To investigate the mechanism responsible for hCD31‐induced immunosuppression, citrullinated histone 3 (cit‐H3) and phosphorylation of SHP‐1 were detected by a cit‐H3 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting, respectively.ResultsA significant decrease in dHL‐60 and neutrophil‐mediated cytotoxicity in SEC/hCD31 compared with SEC was seen, as evidenced by a cytotoxicity assay. Furthermore, the suppression of NETosis and the induction of SHP‐1 phosphorylation in neutrophils that had been co‐cultured with SEC/CD31 were confirmed by cit‐H3 ELISA and Western blotting with an anti‐phosphorylated SHP‐1.ConclusionThese data suggest that human CD31 suppresses neutrophil‐mediated xenogenic cytotoxicity via the inhibition of NETosis. As CD31 is widely expressed in a variety of inflammatory cells, human CD31‐induced suppression may cover the entire xenogeneic cellular rejection, thus making the generation of human CD31 transgenic pigs very attractive for use in xenografts.
Effective school cooperative-mart queuing system
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad Ridhuan , Ishak Ruzana , Usop Mohd Fais 
Published: April 2018

Queuing Theory is a branch of knowledge in operation research that concerning the analysis of queues when a customer arrives at a service centre and shall queue in a line to get some service. The theory pays attention to how organizations can serve a large number of customers who demand a quality services and a queue of customers waiting to be served. Eventually, the store owners have to attend to large numbers of customers at a time have attempted to measure and manage queues to reduce the customer procession time. Besides, to increase sales and profit, productivity and operation efficiency, satisfaction levels and customer loyalty in using the service provided. In line to the situation, this study is to determine the effectiveness of the waiting line using Queuing Theory at cooperative-mart. Until today, no research conducted about school cooperatives-mart to observe and solve the massive inflow of customers at lines at a given time especially during lunch hour. The purposes of this study are to determine the customer congestion at the payment counter and to propose the effective queuing system at Cooperative-mart. Waiting and services times of customers at cooperative-mart is studied in three times period that to be considered as peak hours in two types of counter which are for male and female. Data collection was observed by using queuing theory and the M/M/1/∞/∞ queuing model has been implemented. The results show that for optimum service level, the counter must be changed from one to two counters each side. The summary and finding of the study shall be used as guideline for the management of cooperative-mart in deciding improvement of its operation.
Effect of magnetic field on the synthesis of well-aligned TiO2-5CB by sol-gel method
Authors: Abu Bakar Nur Izzati , Chandren Sheela , Attan Nursyafreena , Wai Loon Leaw , Nur Hadi 
Published: April 2018

This paper describes the approach by using a magnetic field as a technique in order to synthesize well-aligned materials. The magnetic field technique could be a potential method because it has advantage that all of the materials could be aligned by magnetic field as long as they have magnetic anisotropy. The aim of this research is to explore the effects of magnetic field and magnetic line in the synthesis of well-aligned material, namely titania (TiO2). The synthesis of well-aligned titania with liquid crystal as the structure-aligning agent is demonstrated under magnetic field in the presence of liquid crystal, 4′-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB), tetra-n-butyl orthotitanate (TBOT), 2-propanol and water. The mixture underwent slow hydrolysis and drying process under magnetic field (0.3 T) in ambient condition. The use of magnetic field and 5CB liquid crystal as the structure aligning agent has led to the successful formation of well-aligned TiO2-5CB via sol-gel method. When no magnetic field was applied, the TiO2-5CB obtained was spherical in shape and no alignment can be observed. This study demonstrated that magnetic field can play an important role in the synthesis of well-aligned TiO2-5CB.
High voltage powder spray coating as a new method for the preparation of carbon-titania coated stainless steel
Authors: Abdul Halim Farah Syuhada , Chandren Sheela , Aziz Madzlan , Loon Leaw Wai , Nur Hadi 
Published: April 2018

High voltage powder spray coating (HVPSC) is one of the methods used for coating substrate with polymer powder in industries. This study utilizes HVPSC as a new deposition method of carbon-based powdered materials on stainless steel. Carbon-titania (C/TiO2) coated stainless steel was successfully prepared from the mixture of epoxide and titania powder, sprayed onto stainless steel plate using HVPSC, followed by pyrolysis at 300 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The functional group of C/TiO2 was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, where the FTIR spectrum showed the presence of C─H sp3, C═O, C─O, and Ti─O peaks. The morphology of the C/TiO2 sample studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) clearly shows that the particles of TiO2 were coated with carbon on their surface. The coating performance was evaluated through the abrasion test and showed no weight loss. Adhesion of C/TiO2 coating was also tested in the peel adhesion test and the result showed that the attachment of C/TiO2 on the stainless steel is very strong. It has been proven that the HVPSC method is not only a simple technique to coat materials but also a very durable one
Effectiveness of discharge education on outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kourbelis Constance , Franzon Julie , Foote Jonathon , Brown Alex , Daniel Mark , Coffee Neil T. , Newman Peter , Nicholls Stephen , Clark Robyn A. 
Published: April 2018

Review question:
The question of this review is what is the effectiveness of discharge education on outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients?
Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Area Improves Estimation of Aminoglycoside Clearance across Body Size
Authors: Crass Ryan L. , Ross Brian E. , Derstine Brian A. , Lichty Matt , Sullivan June A. , Su Grace L. , Wang Stewart C. , Pai Manjunath P. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

A consistent approach to the dosing of aminoglycosides across the modern body size distribution has been elusive. We evaluated whether radiologically derived measures of body composition could explain more of the interpatient variability in aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics (PK) than standard body size metrics. This retrospective study included adult patients treated with gentamicin or tobramycin with at least three drug concentrations and computed tomography (CT) imaging available. Aminoglycoside volume and clearance (CL) estimates were computed using a two-compartment model by Bayesian analysis. Morphomic data were extracted from CT images using a custom algorithm. Bivariable and multivariable linear regression were used to assess relationships between PK parameters and covariates. A total of 335 patients were included with a median (minimum, maximum) of 4 (3, 16) aminoglycoside concentrations per patient. The median (minimum, maximum) age, height, and weight of included patients were 57 (21, 93) years, 170 (145, 203) centimeters, and 81 (42, 187) kilograms. Both standard and morphomic measures poorly explained variability in volume (
R
2
< 0.06). Skeletal muscle area and volume explained more of the interpatient variability in CL than weight or sex. Higher precision was observed using a modified Cockcroft-Gault equation with skeletal muscle area at L3 (
R
2
=
0.38) or L4 (
R
2
=
0.37) than the standard Cockcroft-Gault equation using lean (
R
2
=
0.23), adjusted (
R
2
=
0.23), or total (
R
2
=
0.22) body weights. These results highlight that skeletal muscle measurements from CT images obtained in the course of care can improve the precision of aminoglycoside CL estimation over current body size scalars.
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Utilizes both Sodium- and Proton-Pumping NADH Dehydrogenases during Aerobic Growth
Authors: Duhl Kody L. , Tefft Nicholas M. , TerAvest Michaela A. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Shewanella oneidensis
MR-1 is a metal-reducing bacterium with the ability to utilize many different terminal electron acceptors, including oxygen and solid-metal oxides. Both metal oxide reduction and aerobic respiration have been studied extensively in this organism. However, electron transport chain processes upstream of the terminal oxidoreductases have been relatively understudied in this organism, especially electron transfer from NADH to respiratory quinones. Genome annotation indicates that
S. oneidensis
MR-1 encodes four NADH dehydrogenases, a proton-translocating dehydrogenase (Nuo), two sodium ion-translocating dehydrogenases (Nqr1 and Nqr2), and an “uncoupling” dehydrogenase (Ndh), but none of these complexes have been studied. Therefore, we conducted a study specifically focused on the effects of individual NADH dehydrogenase knockouts in
S. oneidensis
MR-1. We observed that two of the single-mutant strains, the Δ
nuoN
and Δ
nqrF1
mutants, exhibited significant growth defects compared with the wild type. However, the defects were minor and only apparent under certain growth conditions. Further testing of the Δ
nuoN
Δ
nqrF1
double-mutant strain yielded no growth in minimal medium under oxic conditions, indicating that Nuo and Nqr1 have overlapping functions, but at least one is necessary for aerobic growth. Coutilization of proton- and sodium ion-dependent energetics has important implications for the growth of this organism in environments with varied pH and salinity, including microbial electrochemical systems.

IMPORTANCE
Bacteria utilize a wide variety of metabolic pathways that allow them to take advantage of different energy sources, and to do so with varied efficiency. The efficiency of a metabolic process determines the growth yield of an organism, or the amount of biomass it produces per amount of substrate consumed. This parameter has important implications in biotechnology and wastewater treatment, where low growth yields are often preferred to minimize the production of microbial biomass. In this study, we investigated respiratory pathways containing NADH dehydrogenases with varied efficiency (i.e., the number of ions translocated per NADH oxidized) in the metal-reducing bacterium
Shewanella oneidensis
MR-1. We observed that two different respiratory pathways are used concurrently, and at least one pathway must be functional for growth under oxic conditions.
Clostridium difficile Toxoid Vaccine Candidate Confers Broad Protection against a Range of Prevalent Circulating Strains in a Nonclinical Setting
Authors: Quemeneur Laurence , Petiot Nadine , Arnaud-Barbe Nadège , Hessler Catherine , Pietrobon Patricia J. , Londoño-Hayes Patricia 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI) is a leading cause of nosocomial and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. A vaccine, based on formalin-inactivated toxins A and B purified from anaerobic cultures of
C. difficile
strain VPI 10463 (toxinotype 0), has been in development for the prevention of symptomatic CDI. We evaluated the breadth of protection conferred by this
C. difficile
toxoid vaccine in cross-neutralization assessments using sera from vaccinated hamsters against a collection of 165 clinical isolates. Hamster antisera raised against the
C. difficile
toxoid vaccine neutralized the cytotoxic activity of culture supernatants from several toxinotype 0 strains and heterologous strains from 10 different toxinotypes. Further assessments performed with purified toxins confirmed that vaccine-elicited antibodies can neutralize both A and B toxins from a variety of toxinotypes. In the hamster challenge model, the vaccine conferred significant cross-protection against disease symptoms and death caused by heterologous
C. difficile
strains from the most common phylogenetic clades, including the most prevalent toxinotypes.