bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple greenhouse experiment to explore the effect of cryogenic water extraction for tracing plant source water
Authors: Orlowski N. , Winkler A. , McDonnell J.J. , Breuer L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStable isotopes of water (2H and 18O) are useful tracers for determining root water uptake depths. In such studies, plant and soil water are extracted most commonly by cryogenic vacuum distillation. However, recent studies have suggested that cryogenic extraction conditions (extraction time, temperature, and vacuum) and soil physicochemical properties affect the isotopic composition of extracted soil water. Here, we perform a simple greenhouse trial with 2 plant species (Taraxacum officinale and Pelargonium spp.) in 2 soil types (clayey loam and sand) to test our ability to match plant water to its putative soil water source(s) by using different extraction conditions (30–240 min, 80–200 °C, 0.1 Pa). We irrigated plants with water of known isotopic composition, sampled root crowns and soils at 2 depths, and varied the cryogenic water extraction conditions.Our isotope results from the sandy soils were unaffected by cryogenic extraction conditions. In contrast, extraction parameters affected the isotope composition of waters recovered from clayey soil. This influenced the estimates of plant water sourcing, where δ2H and δ18O returned different results from each other. With higher extraction temperatures and longer extraction times, we gradually extracted more enriched soil water, which reflected the source water of both plant species. Our results imply that longer extraction times and temperatures for clayey soils are needed to reduce fractionation effects during the extraction procedure. Future studies should explore how these effects apply to natural clay‐rich soils as well as plant tissue isotope composition.
A network model for primary production highlights linkages between salmonid populations and autochthonous resources
Authors: Saunders W. Carl , Bouwes Nicolaas , McHugh Peter , Jordan Chris E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpatial variation in fish densities across river networks suggests that the influence of food and habitat resources on assemblages varies greatly throughout watersheds. Conceptual models predict that in situ primary production should vary with river characteristics, but the influence of autochthonous resource availability on the capacity for river reaches to support fish is poorly understood. We estimated primary production throughout the South Fork and Middle Fork of the John Day River, Oregon, by measuring diel cycles in dissolved oxygen (DO) during July 2013. Using these data, we (1) evaluated the extent to which juvenile salmonid abundance and resource limitation correlated with areas of high gross primary production (GPP), (2) developed models to predict GPP from both site‐level measurements and remotely sensed data, and (3) made predictions of GPP across the entirety of the Middle Fork John Day River (MFJD) network and assessed the utility of these spatially continuous predictions for describing variation fish densities at broad scales. We produced reliable estimates of GPP at sites where DO loggers were deployed using measurements of solar exposure, water temperature, and conductivity measured at each site, as well as surrogates for these data estimated from remote sensing data sources. Estimates of GPP across fish sampling sites explained, on average, 58–63% of the variation in juvenile salmonid densities during the summer sampling period, and 51–83% during the fall sampling period, while continuous network predictions of GPP explained 44% of the variation in fish densities across 29 km of the MFJD. Further, GPP explained nearly half of the variation in juvenile steelhead dietary resource limitation, as inferred from bioenergetics modeling results. These results comprise a first effort at quantifying variation in autochthonous production across an entire river network and, importantly, provide a much‐needed food‐web context for guiding more effective fish and habitat management.
Dispersal: a matter of scale
Authors: Morton Elise R. , McGrady Michael J. , Newton Ian , Rollie Chris J. , Smith George D. , Mearns Richard , Oli Madan K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPopulation density around the natal site is often invoked as an explanation for variation in dispersal distance, with the expectation that competition for limiting resources, coupled with increased intra‐specific aggression at high densities, should drive changes in dispersal distances. However, tests of the density‐dependent dispersal hypothesis in long‐lived vertebrates have yielded mixed results. Furthermore, conclusions from dispersal studies may depend on the spatial and temporal scales at which density and dispersal patterns are examined, yet multi‐scale studies of dispersal are rare. Here, we present the findings of a long‐term study examining factors influencing natal dispersal distances for the non‐migratory population of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in the British Isles across distinct spatial and temporal scales. Our smallest scale study included Peregrines ringed as nestlings and subsequently recaptured alive in south Scotland–north England, an area that was intensively studied during the time periods 1974–1982 and 2002–2016. Second, we examined dispersal patterns of birds ringed as nestlings in south Scotland–north England, but subsequently recaptured alive or recovered dead anywhere in the British Isles. Finally, we examined the natal dispersal patterns for Peregrines ringed and recaptured or recovered anywhere in the British Isles from 1964 to 2016. Consistent with prior findings, females dispersed farther than males across all scales. However, the patterns of dispersal were strongly scale dependent. Specifically, we found a lack of a discernible relationship between index of density and dispersal distance in the limited study area, but when region‐wide recaptures and recoveries were included in the analyses, a negative relationship was revealed. Our results suggest that conclusions of dispersal studies may be scale dependent, highlighting the importance of spatial and temporal scales in examining and interpreting the relationship between population density and dispersal patterns.
Development of Identification Unit for Two‐dimensional RFID‐Tag with UHF Band
Authors: MAYAMA KYOSUKE , OKANO YOSHINOBU 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYRecently, the system for massed tag management (at 13.56 MHz) and the system for the long distance identification (at 920 MHz) have been carried out to practical use. For continuous logistics, it is desired that those be integrated seamlessly. However, integration into the system, which uses the frequency band of 13.56 MHz, is disadvantageous to keep the feature of the long distance identification. In this paper, the system that identifies nearby cluttered tags by the frequency band for the long distance identification is described.
Porous and Transparent Metal‐oxide Electrodes :  Preparation Methods and Electroanalytical Application Prospects
Authors: Mierzwa Maciej , Lamouroux Emmanuel , Walcarius Alain , Etienne Mathieu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA review on the preparation methods for porous and transparent metal‐oxide electrodes is provided alongside a discussion of existing and possible electrochemical and electroanalytical applications. The elaboration routes include non‐templated particle deposition, template approaches, physical deposition methods, etching and electrospinning. Applications of such materials are mainly found in energy conversion and storage (photovoltaics, water splitting) and electroanalysis.
When significance becomes insignificant: Effect sizes and their uncertainties in Bayesian and frequentist frameworks as an alternative approach when analyzing ecotoxicological data
Authors: Feckler Alexander , Low Matthew , Zubrod Jochen P. , Bundschuh Mirco 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Bayesian methods and frequentist confidence intervals are proposed as an alternative approach in ecotoxicology, emphasizing effect sizes and associated (un)certainties to judge the biological relevance of effects instead of basing decisions on p values. These approaches show advantages over null hypothesis significance testing. In particular, Bayesian methods revealed more potential than frequentist counterparts, as the posterior distribution and its credible intervals can be directly interpreted as the probability of effect sizes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1949–1955. © 2018 SETAC
On the spectrum of the Steger‐Warming flux‐vector splitting scheme
Authors: Witherden F.D. , Jameson A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe flux‐vector splitting scheme of Steger and Warming is a popular approach for the Euler equations. In this work, we consider the spectrum of the scheme and show for 1≤γ≤5/3, where γ is the ideal gas constant, that the eigenvalues are strictly real and of an appropriate sign.
Acid Distribution and Durability of HT‐PEM Fuel Cells with Different Electrode Supports
Authors: Kannan A. , Li Q. , Cleemann L. N. , Jensen J. O. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe durability of high‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) was studied with phosphoric acid doped membranes of polybenzimidazole (PBI). One of the challenges for this technology is the loss and instability of phosphoric acid resulting in performance degradation after long‐term operation. The effect of the gas diffusion layers (GDL) on acid loss was studied. Four different commercially available GDLs were subjected to passive ex situ acid uptake by capillary forces and the acid distribution mapped over the cross‐section. Materials with an apparent fine structure made from carbon black took up much more acid than materials with a more coarse apparent structure made from graphitized carbon. The same trend was evident from thermally accelerated fuel cell tests at 180 °C under constant load where degradation rates depended strongly on the choice of GDL material, especially on the cathode side. Acid was collected from the fuel cell exhaust at rates clearly correlated to the fuel cell degradation rates, but amounted to less than 6% of the total acid content in the cell even after significant degradation. Long‐term durability of more than 5,500 h with a degradation rate of 12 µV h−1 at 180 °C and 200 mA cm−2 was demonstrated with the GDL that retained acid most efficiently.
Rapid detection of superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by topically spraying fluorescent probe targeting dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV
Authors: Mizushima Takeshi , Ohnishi Shunsuke , Shimizu Yuichi , Hatanaka Yutaka , Hatanaka Kanako C. , Kuriki Yugo , Kamiya Mako , Homma Akihiro , Yamamoto Keiko , Ono Shouko , Urano Yasuteru , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundA fluorescent probe glutamylprolyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (EP‐HMRG), which becomes fluorescent after cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV), has been reported to be useful for the detection of esophageal cancer. Thus, we investigated whether head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can be detected by spraying EP‐HMRG.MethodsFluorescence imaging of 17 cases of HNSCCs resected using endoscopic or surgical resection was performed ex vivo after spraying EP‐HMRG, and then the fluorescence intensity of the tumors and normal mucosa were measured.ResultsIodine‐voiding lesions became fluorescent within a few minutes after the application of EP‐HMRG in 12 resected tumors without a history of radiotherapy but this was not observed in the normal mucosa. Fluorescence intensity in tumor lesions was significantly higher than normal lesions. However, 5 other tumors that developed after radiotherapy did not have sufficient contrast against normal mucosa.ConclusionFluorescence imaging with EP‐HMRG would be useful for rapid detection of superficial HNSCC without a history of radiotherapy.
The value of endocervical curettage during loop electrosurgical excision procedures in predicting persistent/recurrent preinvasive cervical disease
Authors: Cuello Mauricio A. , Espinosa María E. , Orlandini Elisa J. , Hwang Du Y. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of endocervical curettage (ECC) during loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEPs) in predicting the risk of persistence/recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) and informing clinical decision‐making after LEEP.MethodsThe present retrospective study included women undergoing LEEP for CIN2+ at a teaching hospital in Chile between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2014. Demographic, pathologic, and follow‐up data were collected. Associations between predictors and treatment failure (persistent/recurrent disease) were examined; a Cox model was used to assess the effects of different variables on the failure rate.ResultsThe analysis included 330 women with a mean follow‐up of 29.4 months; 188 women underwent ECC at the time of LEEP. On multivariate analysis, a positive ECC was the only variable significantly associated with persistence/recurrence (P=0.001). In the Cox model, positive ECC (P=0.001) and positive margins (P=0.009) were independently associated with higher failure rates. When faced with positive ECC findings, clinicians tended to perform additional treatment instead of advising follow‐up.ConclusionPositive findings from ECC performed during LEEP were a better predictor of persistent/recurrent disease than margin status, after adjusting the individual variable effect in the Cox modelling. The performance of ECC is recommended during any LEEP performed for CIN2+; in particular, it should never be omitted if endocervical disease is suspected.
Effect of stand origin and slope position on infiltration pattern and preferential flow on a Loess hillslope
Authors: Mei Xuemei , Zhu Qingke , Ma Lan , Zhang Dong , Wang Yu , Hao Wenjing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPreferential flow is expected to provide an important pathway to replenish soil water at deep soil layers in arid or semiarid areas; however, few studies have addressed this topic, especially in semiarid Loess hillslopes. This study aimed to quantify the effect of stand origin and slope position on the contribution of preferential flow to total infiltration and spatial variations in water flow. A blue dye tracer experiment was conducted to visualize water flow in Robinia pseudoacacia plantation (PL), natural forestland (NF), and natural grassland (NG) at the upslope, midslope, and downslope, and semivariance analysis was used to determine spatial variability at the centimeter scale. The results showed that role of macropore flow was dominant in upslope and midslope, and larger in NF than that in PL and NG, due to presence of abundant root systems in the upper soil of NF. Moreover, contribution of preferential flow at the upper slope in NF was larger than that in PL. At the downslope, the role of rock fragments coverage at the downslope was emphasized, leading lateral flow dominant at the downslope in PL and NG. In addition, contribution of preferential flow and vertical variability of infiltration at the downslope in PL was higher than that in NF. The findings demonstrate that compared with PL, NF has a more positive impact on increasing infiltration and preferential flow that can replenish deep soil water, and reducing surface runoff and soil erosion. The presence of rock fragments coverage can make lateral flow dominant at the downslope on the Loess hillslope, related to water movement along the slope toward streams and catchment outlets.
The Effect of Lean‐Seafood and Non‐Seafood Diets on Fecal Metabolites and Gut Microbiome: Results from a Randomized Crossover Intervention Study
Authors: Schmedes Mette , Brejnrod Asker Daniel , Aadland Eli Kristin , Kiilerich Pia , Kristiansen Karsten , Jacques Hélène , Lavigne Charles , Graff Ingvild Eide , Eng Øyvin , Holthe Asle , Mellgren Gunnar , Young Jette Feveile , Sundekilde Ulrik Kræmer , Liaset Bjørn , Bertram Hanne Christine 
Published: March 2018

ScopeThe impact of dietary protein types on the gut microbiome is scarcely studied. The aim of the present study is therefore to examine the effects of lean‐seafood and non‐seafood proteins on the gut microbiome composition and activity and elucidate potential associations to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.MethodsA crossover intervention study in which 20 healthy subjects consumed two diets that varied in protein source was conducted. 1H NMR spectroscopy and 16S rDNA sequencing analyses were applied to characterize fecal metabolites and gut microbiota composition, respectively.ResultsA twofold increase in fecal trimethylamine excretion was observed after the lean‐seafood diet period. Circulating TAG and the total to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio as well as circulating TMAO levels were each associated with specific gut bacteria. Following the non‐seafood diet period, a decreased relative abundance of Clostridium cluster IV and a tendency toward an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were found.ConclusionsLean‐seafood and non‐seafood diets differentially modulate the gut microbiome composition and activity. Furthermore, the gut microbiota composition seems to affect circulating TMAO levels and CVD risk factors.
Telehealth applications for outpatients with neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Howard Ileana M. , Kaufman Marla S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTTelehealth describes the provision of medical services remotely through technology, and may enhance patient access to specialty care services. Although teleneurology has expanded widely since the introduction of telestroke in 1999, telehealth services for outpatients with neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disorders are less widespread. In this narrative review, we will describe the current technology, applications, outcomes, and limitations of this dynamically growing field. Evidence for telehealth applications related to neuromuscular diseases, palliative care, specialized multidisciplinary services, and musculoskeletal care are reviewed. With growing demand for specialized services and finite resources, telehealth provides a promising avenue to promote access to high‐quality care, decrease the cost and burden of travel for patients, and with the expansion of software to personal computing and mobile devices, offer flexible, low‐overhead practice opportunities for clinicians. Providers embarking on careers in telehealth should be aware of current legal restrictions impacting care to minimize risk and avoid liability. Muscle Nerve 58: 475–485, 2018
Mexiletine for muscle cramps in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A randomized, double‐blind crossover trial
Authors: Oskarsson Björn , Moore Dan , Mozaffar Tahseen , Ravits John , Wiedau‐Pazos Martina , Parziale Nicholas , Joyce Nanette C. , Mandeville Ross , Goyal Namita , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Weiss Michael , Miller Robert G. , McDonald Craig M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: More than 90% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients have muscle cramps, but evidence‐based treatments have not been available. Methods: A multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial of mexiletine 150 mg twice daily was conducted in ALS patients requesting treatment of symptomatic muscle cramps. Results: Muscle cramp frequency was reduced in 18 of 20 patients; 13 reductions were attributed to treatment (P < 0.05). The average reduction, based on t tests, was 1.8 cramps per day (a reduction from 5.3 with placebo to 3.5 with mexiletine). The estimated reduction of cramp severity was 15 units on a 100‐unit scale (P = 0.01) from a baseline average of 46. No effect on fasciculations was noted. One patient discontinued the study because of dizziness, and another patient discontinued the study to start open‐label mexiletine therapy. No serious adverse event occurred. Discussion: Mexiletine is a well tolerated and effective medication for controlling the symptom of muscle cramps in ALS. Muscle Nerve 58: 42–48, 2018
Equivalent continuum strain calculations based on 3D particle kinematic measurements of sand
Authors: Amirrahmat Siavash , Alshibli Khalid A. , Jarrar Maha F. , Zhang Boning , Regueiro Richard A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryConstitutive modeling of granular materials has been a subject of extensive research for many years. While the calculation of the Cauchy stress tensor using the discrete element method has been well established in the literature, the formulation and interpretation of the strain tensor are not as well documented. According to Bagi, researchers mostly adopt well‐known continuum or discrete microstructural approaches to calculate strains within granular materials. However, neither of the 2 approaches can fully capture the behavior of granular materials. They are considered complementary to each other where each has its own strengths and limitations in solving granular‐mechanics problems. Zhang and Regueiro proposed an equivalent continuum approach to calculating finite strain measures at the local level in granular materials subjected to large deformations. They used three‐dimensional discrete element method results to compare the proposed strains measures. This paper presents an experimental application of the Zhang and Regueiro approach using three‐dimensional synchrotron microcomputed tomography images of a sheared Ottawa sand specimen. Invariant Eulerian finite strain measures were calculated for representative element volumes within the specimen. The spatial maps of Eulerian octahedral shear and volumetric strain were used to identify zones of intense shearing within the specimen and compared well with maps of incremental particle translation and rotation for the same specimen. The local Eulerian volumetric strain was compared to the global volumetric strains, which also can be considered as an averaging of all local Eulerian volumetric strains.
Adulthood transitions in health and welfare; a literature review
Authors: Munck Berit , Björklund Anita , Jansson Inger , Lundberg Kristina , Wagman Petra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the literature review was to describe how adulthood transition is used in health and welfare.DesignA qualitative design with a deductive approach were used.MethodsAs material, 283 articles published in scientific journals, between 2011–August 2013, were selected. The search was conducted August 2013. The data were analysed and sorted in a categorization matrix.ResultsTransition was identified as a process mainly related to the four types previously identified; developmental, situational, health‐illness and organizational transitions. Another one transition was also identified, lifestyle transition.