bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol attenuates seizures and EEG abnormalities in Angelman syndrome model mice
Authors: Gu Bin , Zhu Manhua , Glass Madison R. , Rougié Marie , Nikolova Viktoriya D. , Moy Sheryl S. , Carney Paul R. , Philpot Benjamin D. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAngelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, lack of speech, ataxia, EEG abnormalities, and epilepsy. Seizures in AS individuals are often refractory to existing antiepileptic medications. Therefore, there is an unmet need for better seizure control, which could potentially improve other symptomatic domains such as cognitive function. Cannabidiol (CBD), a major phytocannabinoid constituent of cannabis, has anti-seizure activity and behavioral benefits in preclinical and clinical studies for some disorders associated with epilepsy, suggesting that the same could be true for AS. Here we show that acute CBD (100 mg/kg) attenuated hyperthermia- and acoustically-induced seizures in a mouse model of AS. However, neither acute CBD nor a two-weeklong course of CBD administered immediately after a kindling protocol could halt the pro-epileptogenic plasticity observed in AS model mice. CBD had a mild sedative effect, but did not have a major impact on motor performance. CBD abrogated the enhanced delta rhythms observed in AS model mice, indicating that CBD administration could also help normalize the EEG deficits observed in individuals with AS. Our results provide critical preclinical evidence supporting CBD treatment of seizures and alleviation of EEG abnormalities in AS, and will thus help guide the rational development of CBD as an AS adjunctive treatment.
Tumor cell phenotype and heterogeneity differences in IDH1 mutant vs wild-type gliomas
Authors: Berens Michael E. , Sood Anup , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Graf John F. , Cho Sanghee , Kim Seungchan , Kiefer Jeffrey , Byron Sara A. , Halperin Rebecca F. , Nasser Sara , Adkins Jonathan , Cuyugan Lori , Devine Karen , Ostrom Quinn , Couce Marta , Wolansky Leo , McDonough Elizabeth , Schyberg Shannon , Dinn Sean , Sloan Andrew E. , Prados Michael , Phillips Joanna J. , Nelson Sarah J. , Liang Winnie S. , Rusu Mirabela , Zavodszky Maria I. , Ginty Fiona 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlioma is recognized to be a highly heterogeneous CNS malignancy, whose diverse cellular composition and cellular interactions have not been well characterized. To gain new clinical- and biological-insights into the genetically-bifurcated IDH1 mutant (mt) vs wildtype (wt) forms of glioma, we integrated multiplexed immunofluorescence single cell data for 43 protein markers across cancer hallmarks, in addition to cell spatial metrics, genomic sequencing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quantitative features. Molecular and spatial heterogeneity scores for angiogenesis and cell invasion differ between IDHmt and wt gliomas irrespective of prior treatment and tumor grade; these differences also persisted in the MR imaging features of peritumoral edema and contrast enhancement volumes. Longer overall survival for IDH1mt glioma patients may reflect generalized altered cellular, molecular, spatial heterogeneity which manifest in discernable radiological manifestations.
Foveal feedback supports peripheral perception of both object color and form
Authors: Weldon Kimberly B. , Woolgar Alexandra , Rich Anina N. , Williams Mark A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvidence from neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies suggest that visual information about objects in the periphery is fed back to foveal retinotopic cortex in a separate representation that is essential for peripheral perception. The characteristics of this phenomenon has important theoretical implications for the role fovea-specific feedback might play in perception. In this work, we employed a recently developed behavioral paradigm to explore whether late disruption to central visual space impaired perception of color. First, participants performed a shape discrimination task on colored novel objects in the periphery while fixating centrally. Consistent with the results from previous work, a visual distractor presented at fixation ~100ms after presentation of the peripheral stimuli impaired sensitivity to differences in peripheral shapes more than a visual distractor presented at other stimulus onset asynchronies. In a second experiment, participants performed a color discrimination task on the same colored objects. In a third experiment, we further tested for the foveal distractor effect with stimuli restricted to a low-level feature by using homogenous color patches. These two latter experiments resulted in a similar pattern of behavior: a central distractor presented at the critical stimulus onset asynchrony impaired sensitivity to peripheral color differences, but, importantly, the magnitude of the effect depended on whether peripheral objects contained complex shape information. These results taken together suggest that feedback to the foveal confluence is a component of visual processing supporting perception of both object form and color.
Small herbivores slow down species loss up to 22 years but only at early successional stage
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Howison Ruth A. , Bakker Jan P. , Alberti Juan , Kuijper Dries P. J. , Olff Han , Smit Christian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The long‐term influence of persistent small herbivores on successional plant community configuration is rarely studied. We used a herbivore exclusion experiment along the successional gradient in a salt‐marsh system, to investigate the effects of hares and geese, and hares alone, on plant diversity at five successional stages (the earliest, two early, the intermediate and the late successional stages) in the short and long term, i.e. 7 and 22 years, respectively.

Plant diversity declined over time at all successional stages except for the earliest one. Small herbivores slowed down species decline, but only at one early successional stage.

Small herbivores slowed down species decline via decreasing dominance of preferred grass Festuca rubra in the short term, and less preferred Elytrigia atherica in the long term. The effects of hares and geese were more pronounced than hares alone, indicating an important additive role of geese, especially in the long term.

Synthesis. Small herbivores can have a strong and long‐lasting impact on plant diversity, but it highly depends on the abundance of small herbivores, which in turn depends on the quality and abundance of forage plants. A diverse herbivore community may have more positive effects on regulating plant communities.
Tree survival and growth responses in the aftermath of a strong earthquake
Authors: Allen Robert B. , MacKenzie Darryl I. , Bellingham Peter J. , Wiser Susan K. , Arnst Elise A. , Coomes David A. , Hurst Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The infrequent and unpredictable nature of earthquakes means that their landslide‐generated impacts on forests are rarely investigated. In montane forests, landslides are the main cause of tree death and injury during earthquakes. Landslides range from soil movements that uproot and bury trees over extensive areas to rock falls that strike individual trees. We examined unexplored relationships between tree survival and distance from an epicentre, soil‐available phosphorus (P) as an indicator of soil development and tree diameter. We expected decreased tree growth in damaged forests because of tree injury.

We used a plot network, established in 1974 and resurveyed regularly ever since, to quantify survival and growth responses 6–30 km from the epicentre of a 1994 earthquake in New Zealand's Southern Alps. Our Bayesian analysis used 8,518 trees from 250 plots that representatively sampled a naturally monospecific Nothofagus forest. As the time‐scales over which responses could emerge were unknown, we compared relationships for a pre‐earthquake period with 0–5 years post‐earthquake, and with 5+ years post‐earthquake.

Not all plots were affected by the earthquake. We found that 0–5 years post‐earthquake survival increased logarithmically with distance from the epicentre with lowered survival up to 20 km from the epicentre. Survival was low on plots with high soil‐available P. An inverted U‐shaped relationship between survival and diameter pre‐earthquake was not found 0–5 years post‐earthquake. This was because of surprisingly high survival by large trees. The earthquake most often suppressed 0–5 years post‐earthquake growth up to 15 km from the epicentre, but this was only apparent after accounting for more general growth differences among periods. The positive relationship between growth and soil‐available P pre‐earthquake and 5+ years post‐earthquake reflected enhanced growth on young soils. This contrasted with a negative effect of soil‐available P on growth 0–5 years post‐earthquake.

Synthesis. Soil‐available P, tree diameter and distance from the epicentre independently determined how tree survival and growth responded to an earthquake. The impacts on survival and growth largely occurred 0–5 years post‐earthquake and suggests a level of resilience in mountain beech forests.
Developing an Open Dialogue inspired model of systemic social work assessment in a local authority children's social care department
Authors: Clement Martin , Mc Kenny Richard 
Published: July 2019

We outline a new approach to initial social work child and family assessment, focused on listening practices. The wider social context of contemporary children's services and, in particular, public concern about child death inquiries and the impacts of government's austerity policies create significant challenges for the development of listening practices. Our model seeks to develop listening practices which attend to these challenges, while retaining a focus on safe and effective social work practice. Our model develops principles of dialogicity and Open Dialogue, with systemic and narrative practices developed by Fredman and Jenkins. In crisis situations care must be taken to develop contexts for listening, where families and professionals are given opportunities to listen well to each other.Practitioner points

Dialogicity principles and Open Dialogue practices can be applied in children's social care assessment contexts

Listening is under‐theorised in children's social care contexts; listening theory can be applied in systemic social work assessment meetings

Systemic practices can make valuable contributions to effective child and family social work

Open Dialogue practices contribute to the development of communities of practice, and can be supported through manualisation
Undermining, defusing or defending European integration? Assessing public communication of European executives in times of EU politicisation
Authors: RAUH CHRISTIAN , BES BART JOACHIM , SCHOONVELDE MARTIJN 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHow do mainstream political executives cue their politicised constituencies on European integration? Moving beyond static expectations that EU politicisation induces executives to either undermine, defuse or defend integration, this article theorises executives’ incentives under different configurations of public and partisan Euroscepticism in their home countries. Expectations are tested on the sentiment and complexity that executives attach to European integration in almost 9,000 public speeches delivered throughout the Euro Crisis. It is found that national leaders faced with sceptical public opinion and low levels of partisan Euroscepticism rhetorically undermine integration, whereas European Commissioners faced with similar conditions are prone to defend it. These responses intensify disproportionally with growing public Euroscepticism, but are moderated by Eurosceptic party strength in surprising ways. When such challenger parties come closer to absorbing the Eurosceptic potential in public opinion, executive communication turns more positive again but also involves less clear rhetorical signals. These findings move beyond existing uniform expectations on mainstream responses to Eurosceptic challenges and highlight the relevance of different domestic configurations of EU politicisation.
Prehospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: A retrospective eligibility study
Authors: Kilner Thomas , Stanton Benjamin L , Mazur Stefan M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to identify out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) patients who might benefit from a future prehospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) programme in a moderately sized city. We described the 2014 OOHCA data and identified those who fulfilled hypothetical prehospital ECPR eligibility criteria.MethodsWe identified patients aged 18–65 years in cardiac arrest, where CPR was commenced by paramedics on arrival. Traumatic cardiac arrest and end‐of‐life needs were patient exclusions. Patients were then included in one of three hypothetical ‘ECPR eligible’ groups. Patients were included in an ‘ECPR eligible’ group if they met author agreed criteria. Select patients in refractory VT/VF; pulseless electrical activity (PEA); and non‐refractory VT/VF, or asystole with subsequent VT/VF or transient return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), were assigned to three separate groups. Descriptive statistics were applied to each group. Outcomes of ECPR eligible patients who developed sustained ROSC after 20 min of conventional CPR were characterised.ResultsA total of 206 patients were included. A significant positive association between initial shockable rhythm (odds ratio [OR] 15.32, confidence interval [CI] 5.4–43.2) and sustained ROSC, and PEA (OR 6.93, CI 2.4–19.8) and sustained ROSC, versus asystole was identified (P < 0.001). Sixty‐eight (33%) patients were eligible for one of the hypothetical ECPR groups. Twelve (17.6%) of the 68 ECPR eligible patients developed sustained ROSC after 20 min of conventional CPR, with only two surviving neurologically intact to hospital discharge.ConclusionSixty‐three (30.6%) patients could have derived benefit from a prehospital ECPR programme. Further analyses of prehospital ECPR logistics and economics are necessary to ensure that any future prehospital ECPR programme is effective and efficient.
Does ambulatory and fast track allocation reduce immersion in acute and resuscitation training, and impair career satisfaction and job longevity for emergency medicine registrars?
Authors: Ting Joseph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough dedicated sections for non‐acute care in the ED is recognised to improve patient flow and reduce ED congestion, there is anecdotal feedback that it detracts from work satisfaction and potentially career longevity and sustainability. Although allocation to fast track shifts reflects contemporary emergency medicine as practiced in Australasia, it may reduce registrar immersion on acute and resuscitation training.
Anxiety and alcohol in the working‐age population are driving a rise in mental health‐related emergency department presentations: 15 year trends in emergency department presentations in Western Australia
Authors: Yap Matthew , Tuson Matthew , Whyatt David , Vickery Alistair 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate age, gender and disease‐specific trends in ED for mental health presentations over 15 years.MethodsThe study population consisted of residents of metropolitan Perth, Western Australia, presenting to Perth ED between 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2017. Population rates of mental health‐related ED presentations per year were calculated.ResultsRates of mental health ED presentations are significantly increasing in the working‐age population for those with stress and anxiety‐related diagnoses, particularly in younger females, and also for alcohol‐related presentations for those aged 10–49 years, particularly in males.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that increased rates of mental health‐related ED presentations are driven by increased rates of presentation for stress and anxiety‐related and alcohol‐related presentations in both genders across the working‐age population.
Genome‐wide characterization and developmental expression profiling of long non‐coding RNAs in Sogatella furcifera
Authors: Chang Zhao‐Xia , Ajayi Olugbenga Emmanuel , Guo Dong‐Yang , Wu Qing‐Fa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe genome‐wide characterization of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) in insects demonstrates their importance in fundamental biological processes. Essentially, an in‐depth understanding of the functional repertoire of lncRNA in insects is pivotal to insect resources utilization and sustainable pest control. Using a custom bioinformatics pipeline, we identified 1861 lncRNAs encoded by 1852 loci in the Sogatella furcifera genome. We profiled lncRNA expression in different developmental stages and observed that the expression of lncRNAs is more highly temporally restricted compared to protein‐coding genes. More up‐regulated Sogatella furcifera lncRNA expressed in the embryo, 4th and 5th instars, suggesting that increased lncRNA levels may play a role in these developmental stages. We compared the relationship between the expression of Sogatella furcifera lncRNA and its nearest protein gene and found that lncRNAs were more correlated to their downstream coding neighbors on the opposite strand. Our genome‐wide profiling of lncRNAs in Sogatella furcifera identifies exciting candidates for characterization of lncRNAs, and also provides information on lncRNA regulation during insect development.
Determination of Heterocyclic Amines in Meat Matrices Using Enhanced Matrix Removal‐Lipid Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Linghu Ziyi , Karim Faris , Taghvaei Mostafa , Smith J. Scott 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA simple, fast, and efficient method, “enhanced matrix removal of lipids” (EMR‐lipid), was proposed, optimized, and validated for identifying five polar heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in meat samples that ranged from high‐protein (beef and chicken) to high‐fat (pork bacon) matrices. The protocol involves an initial solid–liquid phase extraction followed by a rapid dispersive solid‐phase extraction using EMR‐lipid sorbents and salting‐out partitioning. Acetonitrile containing formic acid at two levels (1% and 2%) efficiently extracted HCAs from different meat matrices. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with selective reaction monitoring mode was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The highest MS/MS responses and better peak separation of analytes were achieved by adjusting mobile phases to pH 3.0 with instrumental detection limits between 0.01 and 0.05 ng/mL. Good linearity of standard curves was obtained in both pure solvents and postspiked meat extracts between 0.5 and 50.0 ng/mL. The validation results showed good precision, accuracy, and sensitivity for detecting HCAs in spiked meat samples. Satisfactory recoveries of four HCAs were achieved: 65% to 111% in beef, 71% to 106% in bacon, and 42% to 77% in chicken. Matrix effects were also assessed and showed less than –20% of ion suppression in bacon extract, while a medium to high signal suppression was observed in beef (–37% to –55%) and chicken (–28% to –52%). This optimized EMR‐lipid method provides acceptable results and advantages for determining trace level HCAs in complex meat matrices.
Fluorescence‐based analysis of the intracytoplasmic membranes of type I methanotrophs
Authors: Whiddon Kyle T. , Gudneppanavar Ravindra , Hammer Theodore J. , West Destiny A. , Konopka Michael C. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMost methanotrophic bacteria maintain intracytoplasmic membranes which house the methane‐oxidizing enzyme, particulate methane monooxygenase. Previous studies have primarily used transmission electron microscopy or cryo‐electron microscopy to look at the structure of these membranes or lipid extraction methods to determine the per cent of cell dry weight composed of lipids. We show an alternative approach using lipophilic membrane probes and other fluorescent dyes to assess the extent of intracytoplasmic membrane formation in living cells. This fluorescence method is sensitive enough to show not only the characteristic shift in intracytoplasmic membrane formation that is present when methanotrophs are grown with or without copper, but also differences in intracytoplasmic membrane levels at intermediate copper concentrations. This technique can also be employed to monitor dynamic intracytoplasmic membrane changes in the same cell in real time under changing growth conditions. We anticipate that this approach will be of use to researchers wishing to visualize intracytoplasmic membranes who may not have access to electron microscopes. It will also have the capability to relate membrane changes in individual living cells to other measurements by fluorescence labelling or other single‐cell analysis methods.
Antimicrobial effects of microwave‐induced plasma torch (MiniMIP) treatment on Candida albicans biofilms
Authors: Handorf Oliver , Schnabel Uta , Bösel André , Weihe Thomas , Bekeschus Sander , Graf Alexander Christian , Riedel Katharina , Ehlbeck Jörg 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms to a non‐thermal plasma treatment has been investigated in terms of growth, survival and cell viability by a series of in vitro experiments. For different time periods, the C. albicans strain SC5314 was treated with a microwave‐induced plasma torch (MiniMIP). The MiniMIP treatment had a strong effect (reduction factor (RF) = 2.97 after 50 s treatment) at a distance of 3 cm between the nozzle and the superior regions of the biofilms. In addition, a viability reduction of 77% after a 20 s plasma treatment and a metabolism reduction of 90% after a 40 s plasma treatment time were observed for C. albicans. After such a treatment, the biofilms revealed an altered morphology of their cells by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses of plasma‐treated biofilms showed that an inactivation of cells mainly appeared on the bottom side of the biofilms. Thus, the plasma inactivation of the overgrown surface reveals a new possibility to combat biofilms.