bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ perspectives on basic nursing care education
Authors: Huisman‐de Waal Getty , Feo Rebecca , Vermeulen Hester , Heinen Maud 
Published: February 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore the perspectives of nursing students on their education concerning basic nursing care, learned either during theoretical education or clinical placement, with a specific focus on nutrition and communication.BackgroundBasic care activities lie at the core of nursing, but are ill‐informed by evidence and often poorly delivered. Nursing students’ education on basic care might be lacking, and the question remains how they learn to deliver basic care in clinical practice.DesignDescriptive study, using an online questionnaire.MethodsNursing students at the vocational and bachelor level of six nursing schools in the Netherlands were invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding their perception of basic nursing care education in general (both theoretical education and clinical placement) and specifically in relation to nutrition and communication.ResultsNursing students (n = 226 bachelor students, n = 30 vocational students) completed the questionnaire. Most students reported that they learned more about basic nursing care during clinical placement than during theoretical education. Vocational students also reported learning more about basic nursing care in both theoretical education and clinical practice than bachelor students. In terms of nutrition, low numbers of students from both education levels reported learning about nutrition protocols and guidelines during theoretical education. In terms of communication, vocational students indicated that they learned more about different aspects of communication during clinical practice than theoretical education and were also more likely to learn about communication (in both theoretical education and clinical practice) than were bachelor students.ConclusionBasic nursing care seems to be largely invisible in nursing education, especially at the bachelor level and during theoretical education.Relevance to clinical practiceImproved basic nursing care will enhance nurse‐sensitive outcomes and patient satisfaction and will contribute to lower healthcare costs. This study shows that there is scope within current nurse education in the Netherlands to focus more systematically and explicitly on basic nursing care.
Identifying the nontechnical skills required of nurses in general surgical wards
Authors: Marshall Dianne C , Finlayson Mary P 
Published: February 2018

Aims and objectivesTo identify the nontechnical skills (NTS) required of nurses in general surgical wards for safe and effective care.BackgroundAs the largest occupational group, nurses are in an ideal position to block the vulnerabilities of patient adverse events in a surgical ward. Previous studies in the surgical environment have identified the NTS required of nurses for safe care in operating rooms; however, these skills have not been identified for nurses in general surgical wards.DesignA nonparticipant observational descriptive design was used.MethodA purposive sample of 15 registered nurses was recruited from four surgical wards and observed for a full shift on a morning, afternoon or night shift. Nonparticipant observations were conducted using field notes to collect data. A coding frame was developed, and an inductive process was used to analyse the data.ResultsA taxonomy comprising seven NTS required of nurses in their roles in surgical ward teams emerged from the data analysis. They are communication, leadership and management, planning, decision‐making, situation awareness, teamwork and patient advocacy.ConclusionPatient care provided by general surgical nurses involved the seven identified key NTS. These particular NTS are an important component of safe nursing practice as they underpin the provision of safe and effective care for general surgical patients. Nurses block the trajectory of error by using NTS to address the vulnerabilities in the system that can lead to adverse patient events.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentifying general surgical nurses’ NTS enables the development of teaching strategies that target the learning of those skills to achieve successful work outcomes and improve patient safety.
Basic nursing care: The most provided, the least evidence based – A discussion paper
Authors: Zwakhalen Sandra M.G. , Hamers Jan P.H. , Metzelthin Silke F. , Ettema Roelof , Heinen Maud , de Man‐Van Ginkel Janneke M. , Vermeulen Hester , Huisman‐de Waal Getty , Schuurmans Marieke J. 
Published: February 2018

Aims and objectivesTo describe and discuss the “Basic Care Revisited” (BCR) research programme, a collaborative initiative that contributes to evidence‐based basic nursing care and raises awareness about the importance of basic nursing care activities.BackgroundWhile basic nursing care serves nearly all people at some point in their lifetime, it is poorly informed by evidence. There is a need to prioritise and evaluate basic nursing care activities to improve patient outcomes and improve the quality of care.DesignDiscussion paperMethodThe discussion presented in this paper is based on nursing literature and theory and supported by the authors’ clinical and research experiences. We present the developmental process and content of a research programme called “Basic Care Revisited” (BCR) as a solution to move forward and improve basic nursing care.DiscussionTo prioritise basic nursing care, we propose a research programme entitled “Basic Care Revisited” that aims to create awareness and expand knowledge on evidence‐based basic nursing care by addressing four basic nursing care themes (bathing and dressing, communication, mobility, and nutrition) in different settings. The paper discusses a pathway to create a sustainable and productive research collaborative on basic nursing care and addresses issues to build research capacity.Relevance to clinical practiceRevaluation of these important nursing activities will not only positively influence patient outcomes, but also have an impact on staff outcomes and organisational outcomes.
Nurses’ concerns about caring for patients with acute and chronic traumatic brain injury
Authors: Oyesanya Tolu O , Bowers Barbara J , Royer Heather R , Turkstra Lyn S 
Published: February 2018

Aims and objectivesAs a first step in developing traumatic brain injury‐specific nursing education, the purpose of this study was to investigate nurses’ concerns about caring for patients with moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury.BackgroundPatients with moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury typically have significant immediate and chronic cognitive impairments. These cognitive impairments can negatively affect their inpatient stay after an acute traumatic brain injury and affect their health care later in life when seeking care for other acute health conditions during the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury. Nurses must be knowledgeable about modifying care to accommodate the cognitive impairments of these patients throughout the continuum of care. Yet, current guidelines focus exclusively on acute care and do not address nurses’ central role in dealing with residual cognitive impairments of these patients. Thus, educational and training interventions are needed to ensure nurses have adequate knowledge to care for these patients.DesignWe conducted a cross‐sectional, exploratory survey of 692 nurses across hospital departments at three hospitals between October 2014–August 2015. Nurses answered the following qualitative open‐ended question: “What are your primary concerns about providing care to patients with moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury?”MethodsConventional qualitative content analysis was used to analyse nurses’ responses.ResultsFindings showed nurses reported multiple concerns about caring for patients in the acute phase after traumatic brain injury, but few concerns about caring for patients in the chronic phase. Some of the concerns nurses reported included: (i) preventing physical injury; (ii) missing changes in condition; (iii) providing adequate education; (iv) providing support; and (v) promoting recovery. Barriers to providing adequate care were as follows: (i) lack of knowledge; (ii) limited staffing; and (iii) inadequate resources.ConclusionsFindings have implications for education of nurses and development of nursing guidelines for management of patients with traumatic brain injury, including providing direction for nurses on development of care plans for patients in the chronic phase after a moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury.
School Connectedness and Protection From Symptoms of Depression in Sexual Minority Adolescents Attending School in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Wilson Maria N. , Asbridge Mark , Langille Donald B. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn examining associations of sexual orientation, school connectedness (SC), and depression, no studies have used a continuum of sexual orientation. Additionally, no study has examined whether individuals with higher SC within subgroups of the continuum of sexual orientation are protected from symptoms of depression when compared to others within their own group. Our study aimed to address these deficiencies.METHODSData were from a cross‐sectional survey of 6643 public high school students. Logistic regression was used to determine if higher SC was associated with protection from symptoms of depression comparing students with minority sexual orientations to heterosexual students, and whether SC was protective within subgroups of orientation.RESULTSMean SC scores were higher in heterosexuals than in all other orientation subgroups. Except for bisexual boys, compared with being heterosexual, being in other subgroups of orientation was associated with symptoms of depression, independent of SC. In both sexes SC was protective against depression risk within all categories of orientation except mostly/100% homosexual girls.CONCLUSIONSWithin all subgroups of sexual orientation except mostly/completely homosexual girls, SC was protective for symptoms of depression, indicating its potential importance for prevention of depression in all students, including perhaps particularly those with minority orientation.
Longitudinal Examination of Aggression and Study Skills From Middle to High School: Implications for Dropout Prevention
Authors: Orpinas Pamela , Raczynski Katherine , Hsieh Hsien‐Lin , Nahapetyan Lusine , Horne Arthur M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDHigh school completion provides health and economic benefits. The purpose of this study is to describe dropout rates based on longitudinal trajectories of aggression and study skills using teacher ratings.METHODSThe sample consisted of 620 randomly selected sixth graders. Every year from Grade 6 to 12, a teacher completed a nationally normed behavioral rating scale. We used latent class mixture modeling to identify the trajectories.RESULTSParticipants followed 3 trajectories of aggression (Low, Medium Desisting, and High Desisting) and 5 trajectories of study skills (Low, Average‐Low, Decreasing, Increasing, and High). Over three‐quarters of the sample were in stable trajectories of study skills over time. Most students in the High Desisting Aggression group were in the Low Study Skills group, and all students in the High Study Skills group were in the Low Aggression group. The overall dropout rate was 17%, but varied dramatically across combined aggression and study skills groups, ranging from 2% to 50%.CONCLUSIONSThe results highlight the importance of early prevention that combines academic enhancement and behavioral management for reducing school dropout.
Intraspecific variation in feeding mechanics and bite force in durophagous stingrays
Authors: Kolmann M. A. , Dean Grubbs R. , Huber D. R. , Fisher R. , Lovejoy N. R. , Erickson G. M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAnimal performance is tightly linked to morphological function, whereby changes in size and performance can influence niche dynamics over ontogeny. To understand how growth affects feeding performance, we examined how bite force over ontogeny differed between two populations of durophagous stingrays, Rhinoptera bonasus (from the Chesapeake Bay and the Florida Gulf Coast, USA). Cownose stingrays from the Chesapeake Bay specialize on mollusks, whereas Gulf of Mexico stingrays are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of benthic invertebrates. Increases in jaw adductor size resulted in positive bite force allometry across ontogeny in both stingray populations. However, scaling patterns between muscle units differed between the populations, with more drastic increases in bite force over ontogeny in populations feeding on more robust prey. Mechanical testing of the fracture forces of prey suggests that juvenile bivalves are particularly vulnerable to predation by either stingray population. However, Gulf coast stingrays exhibit lower bite forces across ontogeny compared to Chesapeake rays. Chesapeake Bay rays are born larger, further exaggerating the performance disparity between these populations. Although these animals generate considerable bite forces, their ability to comminute bivalves at marketable sizes is doubtful.
Models of care for co‐morbid diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lo Clement , Zimbudzi Edward , Teede Helena , Cass Alan , Fulcher Greg , Gallagher Martin , Kerr Peter G , Jan Stephen , Johnson Greg , Mathew Tim , Polkinghorne Kevan , Russell Grant , Usherwood Tim , Walker Rowan , Zoungas Sophia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDiabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two of the most prevalent co‐morbid chronic diseases in Australia. The increasing complexity of multi‐morbidity, and current gaps in health‐care delivery for people with co‐morbid diabetes and CKD, emphasize the need for better models of care for this population. Previously, proposed published models of care for co‐morbid diabetes and CKD have not been co‐designed with stake‐holders or formally evaluated. Particular components of health‐care shown to be effective in this population are interventions that: are structured, intensive and multifaceted (treating diabetes and multiple cardiovascular risk factors); involve multiple medical disciplines; improve self‐management by the patient; and upskill primary health‐care. Here we present an integrated patient‐centred model of health‐care delivery incorporating these components and co‐designed with key stake‐holders including specialist health professionals, general practitioners and Diabetes and Kidney Health Australia. The development of the model of care was informed by focus groups of patients and health‐professionals; and semi‐structured interviews of care‐givers and health professionals. Other distinctives of this model of care are routine screening for psychological morbidity; patient‐support through a phone advice line; and focused primary health‐care support in the management of diabetes and CKD. Additionally, the model of care integrates with the patient‐centred health‐care home currently being rolled out by the Australian Department of Health. This model of care will be evaluated after implementation across two tertiary health services and their primary care catchment areas.
Effects of adverse events in health care on acute care nurses in an Australian context: A qualitative study
Authors: Kable Ashley , Kelly Brian , Adams Jon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAdverse events in health care significantly impact health professionals who become the second victims of medical error. The aim of the present study was to understand the effects of adverse events in health care on nurses in acute health‐care settings in an Australian context. In this qualitative, descriptive study, we used purposeful sampling and recruited 10 acute care nurses. Interviews were conducted from 2011 to 2012 and were recorded, transcribed, and returned to participants to verify their accuracy. Data were categorized and analyzed to determine four emergent themes and subthemes. The four themes were: rescuing patients, effects on nurses, professional responsibility, and needs of nurses. Our analysis indicated that nurses need organizational responses to adverse events, including the provision of information and collegial support after adverse events occur. This will minimize the psychological trauma associated with these events for second victims and support effective communication and collegial working relationships.
Congenital myasthenic syndromes with acetylcholinesterase deficiency, the pathophysiological mechanisms
Authors: Legay Claire 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a cholinergic synapse in vertebrates. This synapse connects motoneurons to muscles and is responsible for muscle contraction, a physiological process that is essential for survival. A key factor for the normal functioning of this synapse is the regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the synaptic cleft. This is ensured by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which degrades ACh. A number of mutations in synaptic genes expressed in motoneurons or muscle cells have been identified and are causative for a class of neuromuscular diseases called congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs). One of these CMSs is due to deficiency in AChE, which is absent or diffuse in the synaptic cleft. Here, I focus on the origins of the syndrome. The role of ColQ, a collagen that anchors AChE in the synaptic cleft, is discussed in this context. Studies performed on patient biopsies, transgenic mice, and muscle cultures have provided a more comprehensive view of the connectome at the NMJ that should be useful for understanding the differences in the symptoms observed in specific CMSs due to mutated proteins in the synaptic cleft.
Effect of Laser Irradiation on Cell Function and Its Implications in Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Yuan Xiaofei , Song Yanqing , Song Yizhi , Xu Jiabao , Wu Yinhu , Glidle Andrew , Cusack Maggie , Ijaz Umer Z. , Cooper Jonathan M. , Huang Wei E. , Yin Huabing 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Lasers are instrumental in advanced bioimaging and Raman spectroscopy. However, they are also well known for their destructive effects on living organisms, leading to concerns about the adverse effects of laser technologies. To implement Raman spectroscopy for cell analysis and manipulation, such as Raman-activated cell sorting, it is crucial to identify nondestructive conditions for living cells. Here, we evaluated quantitatively the effect of 532-nm laser irradiation on bacterial cell fate and growth at the single-cell level. Using a purpose-built microfluidic platform, we were able to quantify the growth characteristics, i.e., specific growth rates and lag times of individual cells, as well as the survival rate of a population in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy. Representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive species show similar trends in response to a laser irradiation dose. Laser irradiation could compromise the physiological function of cells, and the degree of destruction is both dose and strain dependent, ranging from reduced cell growth to a complete loss of cell metabolic activity and finally to physical disintegration. Gram-positive bacterial cells are more susceptible than Gram-negative bacterial strains to irradiation-induced damage. By directly correlating Raman acquisition with single-cell growth characteristics, we provide evidence of nondestructive characteristics of Raman spectroscopy on individual bacterial cells. However, while strong Raman signals can be obtained without causing cell death, the variety of responses from different strains and from individual cells justifies careful evaluation of Raman acquisition conditions if cell viability is critical.

IMPORTANCE
In Raman spectroscopy, the use of powerful monochromatic light in laser-based systems facilitates the detection of inherently weak signals. This allows environmentally and clinically relevant microorganisms to be measured at the single-cell level. The significance of being able to perform Raman measurement is that, unlike label-based fluorescence techniques, it provides a “fingerprint” that is specific to the identity and state of any (unlabeled) sample. Thus, it has emerged as a powerful method for studying living cells under physiological and environmental conditions. However, the laser's high power also has the potential to kill bacteria, which leads to concerns. The research presented here is a quantitative evaluation that provides a generic platform and methodology to evaluate the effects of laser irradiation on individual bacterial cells. Furthermore, it illustrates this by determining the conditions required to nondestructively measure the spectra of representative bacteria from several different groups.
Geographic and Host-Associated Variations in Bacterial Communities on the Floret Surfaces of Field-Grown Broccoli
Authors: Kim Min-Soo , Bae Jin-Woo , Park Eun-Jin 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Fresh vegetables harbor diverse bacterial populations on their surfaces. However, information on this microbiota is limited to a few types of fresh vegetables, and little is known about how it varies with geography and host condition. Here, we analyzed bacterial communities on the floret surfaces of 66 field-grown broccoli collected from 22 farms in four farming regions of Jeju Island, South Korea, using 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons, and we determined their relationships to farming region and host-associated factors. Geographic variations in bacterial community composition and diversity were observed among farming regions, which partly reflected their relative humidity and insolation. The most abundant phyla were
Proteobacteria
, followed by
Actinobacteria
,
Firmicutes
, and
Bacteroidetes
; core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to
Pseudomonas
,
Acinetobacter
,
Oxalobacteraceae
,
Comamonadaceae
, and
Enterobacteriaceae
contributed to the community differences. Bacterial community composition differed between immature and mature samples, with mature samples harboring higher bacterial diversity. In comparison with communities on other types of fresh vegetables and fruits, bacterial communities on broccoli florets were unique but more similar to those of ground vegetables than to those of tree fruits/vegetables. This study presents novel data on the variability of floret-associated bacterial populations of field-grown broccoli relative to environmental and host-associated factors.

IMPORTANCE
Fresh vegetables harbor diverse and complex bacterial populations on their surfaces. These indigenous bacteria may play a role in human and crop health; however, the diversity and variability of bacterial communities on fresh vegetables require further study. A popular crop of leafy vegetables, broccoli, is of great agricultural and industrial importance. This study provides a detailed description of the bacterial community composition and diversity on the surfaces of broccoli florets. The variability of bacterial communities is associated with the geographic location of farming sites and is affected by host growth and health. The bacterial communities specific to broccoli were identified and showed greater similarity to those found on ground vegetables than to those found on tree fruits/vegetables. This study presents novel data on the impact of environmental and host-associated conditions on the variability of floret-associated bacterial populations present on field-grown broccoli.