bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and complications: A 9‐ to 15‐year retrospective follow‐up of dental implant therapy
Authors: Adler Lottie , Buhlin Kåre , Jansson Leif 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong‐term follow‐up of oral implant therapy seldom report all biological and technical complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long‐term (9‐15 years) outcome after dental implant therapy, assess survival and complication rates. In addition, to identify the risk indicators of these complications at patient and implant levels. Patients (n = 376) treated with dental implants (n = 1095) between 1999 and 2005 at a specialist clinic in Stockholm, Sweden, were included. Longitudinal data were collected retrospectively from digital dental records. A subset of the included patient underwent a clinical examination at the 9‐15 years follow‐up (n = 163). Chi‐square tests, Kaplan‐Meier analyses and the general estimating equations (GEE) procedure were adopted for multilevel analyses. The cumulative implant survival rate up to 15 years was 82.6% (SE 4.1%). The prevalences of biological and technical complications at patient level were 52% and 32%, respectively. In total, 763 complications occurred, 65% of patients experienced at least one complications. Implant loss occurred significantly more frequently in subjects with a history of treated severe periodontitis Stage III‐IV (P = .008) and in cases when complications were registered during implant surgery (P = .010). Smoking was a significant risk indicator for peri‐implantitis (P = .006). The long‐term implant survival and complication rates at patient level were 83% and 79%, respectively. Implant loss was significantly more frequent for subjects with a history of treated severe periodontitis and if complication was registered during implant surgery. Smoking was a significant risk indicator for peri‐implantitis.
An alternative early childhood caries risk surveillance methodology for public policy and practice advancements
Authors: Kelly Abigail L. , Horsman Emily , Ziegler Lauren , Hipp Cynthia , Martin Amy B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesEarly childhood caries (ECC) negatively impacts many child health outcomes and can lead to greater costs for medical and dental care as well as negatively impact future oral health wellness. ECC risk factors are rooted in many social determinants of health. Addressing ECC at the population‐level is a national public health priority. The purpose of this study was to identify the South Carolina counties with the greatest risk for ECC. As policy‐makers seek to address inequities stemming from early childhood caries, documenting its prevalence is essential.MethodsSince no county level ECC rates were published for South Carolina, we identified an opportunity to strengthen ECC surveillance through public use data, so as to properly equip policy‐makers and pediatric providers with an evidence based understanding of the scope of the problem. As a result we sought to develop an overall county level prevalence measure for ECC risk through an ecological analysis of public use data.ResultsTen counties with the greatest overall risk for ECC were all rural as hypothesized. Additionally, seven of the 10 highest risk counties fell into what is often referred to as the “Corridor of Shame.”ConclusionsWe have found an affordable way of measuring county level risk for ECC that allows pediatric advocates and policy‐makers to develop population level interventions to reduce and measure risk with public‐use data.
Seeking freedom: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of the literature on patients' experience of absconding from hospital
Authors: Voss Isobel , Bartlett Ruth 
Published: July 2019

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Absconding refers to patients leaving psychiatric hospitals in an unexpected and/or unauthorized way and is often recognized as a form of challenging behaviour.

There is some research about the rates of absconding, risks associated with it and interventions to try and reduce it; however, relatively little is known about the experience from the perspective of patients and this evidence has not previously been systematically reviewed.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Patients abscond to find relief, to regain power and control over their lives and/or to address unmet needs.

Absconding can therefore be viewed as a means of seeking freedom.

What are the implications for practice?

Nurses need to be aware that absconding is a positive act from the patient perspective and work collaboratively with them to reduce factors which motivate this behaviour.

From the point of admission, nurses have an important role to play in reducing the sense of fear, isolation and powerlessness which motivates patients to abscond.

Practical interventions such as giving patients the time and information necessary to be involved in decision‐making, or asking about their responsibilities and commitments outside of hospital, may have a significant impact on the experience of admission and reduce the risk of absconding.

AbstractIntroductionAbsconding from psychiatric hospitals is associated with significant risks, but is difficult to assess. It is often considered a form of challenging behaviour for mental health nurses, yet there is little evidence considering the behaviour from the patient perspective.AimTo identify and review evidence pertaining to the experience of patients who abscond from hospital, paying particular attention to their reasons for doing so.MethodA systematic review and thematic synthesis of eight peer‐reviewed studies.ResultsThe meaning patients associated with absconding is best characterized as an act of seeking freedom. Within this, four sub‐themes were identified: 1) seeking freedom to find relief, 2) to regain power and control over their lives, 3) to address unmet needs and 4) opportunistically.DiscussionPerspectives on absconding are markedly different between nurses and patients. Nurses may view absconding as challenging or deviant behaviour, whilst patients understand it as a positive experience. This is because the hospital environment is not meeting their needs.Implications for practicePatients decide to abscond from hospital for valid and rational reasons. Mental health nurses are in a position to understand and address the issues underpinning them with a view to reducing absconding. Further research on absconding from hospital, taking the patient's perspective, is needed.
Alloimmunization of a dog erythrocyte antigen 1− dog transfused with weakly dog erythrocyte antigen 1+ blood
Authors: Guidetti Maryline , Goy‐Thollot Isabelle , Boisvineau Catherine , Giger Urs 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute hemolytic transfusion reactions because of dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 sensitization after mismatched transfusions are serious complications. Dog erythrocyte antigen 1 expression varies from negative to weakly to strongly positive.ObjectivesTo assess alloimmunization after transfusion of weakly DEA 1+ blood to a DEA 1− dog.AnimalsOne DEA 1− recipient and 1 weakly DEA 1+ donor, and 106 control dogs.MethodsLong‐term follow‐up study. Matched for DEA 3, 4, 5, and 7, Dal, and Kai 1 and 2, weakly DEA 1+ donor packed red blood cells (RBCs) were transfused 3 times (0.45 mL/kg at Day 0, 16, and 37) to a DEA 1− recipient. Alloantibodies against RBCs from donor and 106 controls were determined in recipient's plasma samples using a commercial antiglobulin‐enhanced immunochromatographic strip and gel tube crossmatches. Alloantibody titers were determined.ResultsThe DEA 1− recipient was sensitized after 16 days to ≥1657 days after transfusion to weakly DEA 1+ and otherwise matched RBCs. Strong to moderate crossmatch incompatibilities were observed between recipient's plasma and all 61 DEA 1+ crossmatched controls. Moderate to weak incompatibilities were also observed to DEA 1− controls. Anti‐DEA 1 and other alloantibodies were detected over the 4.5 year observation period.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBlood from a weakly DEA 1+ donor induces a strong and durable alloimmunization in a DEA 1− recipient dog. Additional alloantibodies developed against yet to be defined RBC antigens. Those results support the recommendation of typing dogs against DEA 1, considering weakly DEA 1+ as immunogenic, and crossmatching all previously transfused dogs.
Structural heterogeneity of trees influences epiphyte distributions in a northern temperate rainforest
Authors: Woods Carrie L. , Nevins Laura M. , Didier Emma J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractQuestionsLarge trees provide structural heterogeneity that may influence the distribution and diversity of epiphytes, yet this has not been fully examined in northern temperate rainforest trees. How does epiphyte diversity, percent cover and composition vary among trunk and branch zones within northern temperate rainforest trees? Are there steep gradients in environmental conditions or resources within northern temperate rainforest trees? To what degree do species show specialization to particular zones within northern temperate rainforest trees?LocationTemperate rainforest on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State, USA.MethodsWe recorded epiphyte richness, percent cover, and composition in 78 plots from six tree zones (three trunk zones and three branch zones) in six large bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) trees. At each survey point, we measured temperature, relative humidity, canopy cover, moss depth, height in tree, and branch diameter to examine the degree of habitat specialization along measured environmental and resource gradients and the importance of structural heterogeneity for epiphyte species diversity in entire trees.ResultsRarefied epiphyte richness was 25% higher on the trunk than in the branches, and there was little overlap in species composition between trunk and branch zones. Species composition changed with height as well as decreasing canopy cover along the trunk. Within the branches, epiphyte composition was related to branch diameter and moss depth; while the inner and mid‐branch zone communities were similar, the outer branch community differed. Microclimate variables did not vary significantly among tree zones and were not related to epiphyte distributions.ConclusionsThe structural heterogeneity of large A. macrophyllum trees created gradients in canopy cover and substrate characteristics that enabled up to 13 different epiphyte species to coexist. Thus, these trees are critical structures for the maintenance of forest diversity.
Thomas Percy's racialization of the European Middle Ages
Authors: Young Helen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThomas Percy (1729–1811) was influential in popularising medieval vernacular English literature, especially ballads and Old Norse poetry, in the mid‐to‐late 18th century. Scholarship has explored nationalist political leanings in Percy's three major medievalist anthologies, first published in 1763–1770, but to date, there has been no in‐depth exploration of the significance of race in his thought and writing. This article argues that Percy's medievalist works were shaped profoundly by his conception of race as an immutable and inherited category of identity encompassing physiology, society, and culture. It draws on critical race theory to argue that Percy racialized the European Middle Ages in ways that continue to shape contemporary medievalism.
A data‐driven approach to determining freeway incident impact areas with fuzzy and graph theory‐based clustering
Authors: Ou Jishun , Xia Jingxin , Wang Yuqing , Wang Chen , Lu Zhenbo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDetermining spatiotemporal impact areas of incidents plays a significant role in incident impact analysis. Although existing empirical methods have proven to be promising, they suffer from the drawbacks that limit their wide applications in automated freeway safety management. This study presents a data‐driven approach to automatically determining the spatiotemporal impact areas of freeway incidents. The spatiotemporal contour plots were first constructed using three representative traffic measures. Next, a nonrecurrent congestion area identification method based on fuzzy clustering was developed. To distinguish possible multiple independent blocks in the nonrecurrent congestion area, a clustering algorithm based on graph theory was adopted. The incident impact areas were then determined by conducting a postprocessing strategy. The incident records and the associated traffic flow data, collected on I‐5 freeway segments in San Diego Region, CA, were used to evaluate the proposed approach. Experimental results show the proposed approach can automatically and properly determine incident impact areas while accounting for the uncertainty resulting from traffic variations.
Identification, characterization and benefits of an exclusion system in an integrative and conjugative element of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Avello Monika , Davis Kathleen P. , Grossman Alan D. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIntegrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are mobile genetic elements that transfer from cell to cell by conjugation (like plasmids) and integrate into the chromosomes of bacterial hosts (like lysogenic phages or transposons). ICEs are prevalent in bacterial chromosomes and play a major role in bacterial evolution by promoting horizontal gene transfer. Exclusion prevents the redundant transfer of conjugative elements into host cells that already contain a copy of the element. Exclusion has been characterized mostly for conjugative elements of Gram‐negative bacteria. Here, we report the identification and characterization of an exclusion mechanism in ICEBs1 from the Gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. We found that cells containing ICEBs1 inhibit the activity of the ICEBs1‐encoded conjugation machinery in other cells. This inhibition (exclusion) was specific to the cognate conjugation machinery and the ICEBs1 gene yddJ was both necessary and sufficient to mediate exclusion by recipient cells. Through a mutagenesis and enrichment screen, we identified exclusion‐resistant mutations in the ICEBs1 gene conG. Using genes from a heterologous but related ICE, we found that the exclusion specificity was determined by ConG and YddJ. Finally, we found that under conditions that support conjugation, exclusion provides a selective advantage to the element and its host cells.
Small RNAs from the plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum highlight host candidate genes associated with quantitative disease resistance
Authors: Derbyshire Mark , Mbengue Malick , Barascud Marielle , Navaud Olivier , Raffaele Sylvain 
Published: July 2019

SummaryFungal plant pathogens secrete effector proteins and metabolites to cause disease. Additionally, some species transfer small RNAs (sRNAs) into plant cells to silence host mRNAs through complementary base pairing and suppress plant immunity. The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infects over 600 plant species, but little is known about the molecular processes that govern interactions with its many hosts. In particular, evidence for the production of sRNAs by S. sclerotiorum during infection is lacking. We sequenced sRNAs produced by S. sclerotiorum in vitro and during infection of two host species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Phaseolus vulgaris. We found that S. sclerotiorum produces at least 374 distinct highly abundant sRNAs during infection, mostly originating from repeat‐rich plastic genomic regions. We predicted the targets of these sRNAs in A. thaliana and found that these genes were significantly more down‐regulated during infection than the rest of the genome. Predicted targets of S. sclerotiorum sRNAs in A. thaliana were enriched for functional domains associated with plant immunity and were more strongly associated with quantitative disease resistance in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) than the rest of the genome. Mutants in A. thaliana predicted sRNA target genes SERK2 and SNAK2 were more susceptible to S. sclerotiorum than wild‐type, suggesting that S. sclerotiorum sRNAs may contribute to the silencing of immune components in plants. The prediction of fungal sRNA targets in plant genomes can be combined with other global approaches, such as GWAS, to assist in the identification of plant genes involved in quantitative disease resistance.
Impact of school and work status on diet and physical activity in rural Guatemalan adolescent girls: a qualitative study
Authors: Kurschner Sophie , Madrigal Luisa , Chacon Violeta , Barnoya Joaquin , Rohloff Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn low‐ and middle‐income countries, gender norms and access to energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor foods are well‐studied determinants of food and physical activity choices for adolescent girls. However, most work has been done in urban and school settings. In many settings, a large proportion of the adolescent population is rural or not enrolled in school. We conducted in‐depth interviews with 20 adolescent girls (ages 15–19) in Tecpán, Guatemala, a rural, largely indigenous Maya community. Interviews were coded and themes analyzed for insights into eating habits, food choices, and physical activity. Twelve participants were enrolled in school and eight were employed and not in school. Girls enrolled in school had more disrupted eating schedules and consumed more energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor foods. Girls not enrolled in school had fewer opportunities for physical activity and were more sedentary. To our knowledge, this study is the first in a low‐ and middle‐income country to consider diet and physical activity of adolescent girls enrolled and not enrolled in school. Key implications include (1) the need to reduce exposure to nutrient‐poor foods and promote healthy eating schedules in schools, and (2) the need to create community‐based opportunities for the activity for girls no longer enrolled in school.
Review of available evidence supporting different transfusion thresholds in different patient groups with anemia
Authors: Chai Khai Li , Cole‐Sinclair Merrole 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn patients with anemia, transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) can save lives and improve quality of life. The choice to transfuse should be cautiously made owing to risks of transfusion, economic costs, and limitations on the blood supply. Until the 1980s, the decision for RBC transfusion was guided by Hb threshold, with the aim of maintaining the patient's blood Hb level over 100 grams per liter. Since then, multiple randomized controlled trials and key systematic reviews have provided evidence‐based guidelines as to appropriate transfusion thresholds in a number of clinical settings. Here, we aimed to address the outcome of defining different anemia criteria in specific clinical populations exclusively on the basis of the need for RBC transfusion based on Hb concentration. We focused on the patient populations, where there were the most available data on differing transfusion thresholds, which looked at transfusing to a higher or liberal transfusion threshold in comparison with a lower or restrictive transfusion threshold. These included patients in intensive care with or without septic shock, hip fracture surgery, cardiovascular surgery, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the pediatric population, and also those with malaria, by reviewing key randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. Twenty‐four randomized controlled studies and 12 systematic reviews have been included, and these are discussed below.
Comparative transcriptomics enables the identification of functional orthologous genes involved in early leaf growth
Authors: Vercruysse Jasmien , Van Bel Michiel , Osuna‐Cruz Cristina M. , Kulkarni Shubhada R. , Storme Véronique , Nelissen Hilde , Gonzalez Nathalie , Inzé Dirk , Vandepoele Klaas 
Published: July 2019

SummaryLeaf growth is a complex trait for which many similarities exist in different plant species, suggesting functional conservation of the underlying pathways. However, a global view of orthologous genes involved in leaf growth showing conserved expression in dicots and monocots is currently missing. Here, we present a genome‐wide comparative transcriptome analysis between Arabidopsis and maize, identifying conserved biological processes and gene functions active during leaf growth. Despite the orthology complexity between these distantly related plants, 926 orthologous gene groups including 2829 Arabidopsis and 2974 maize genes with similar expression during leaf growth were found, indicating conservation of the underlying molecular networks. We found 65% of these genes to be involved in one‐to‐one orthology, whereas only 28.7% of the groups with divergent expression had one‐to‐one orthology. Within the pool of genes with conserved expression, 19 transcription factor families were identified, demonstrating expression conservation of regulators active during leaf growth. Additionally, 25 Arabidopsis and 25 maize putative targets of the TCP transcription factors with conserved expression were determined based on the presence of enriched transcription factor binding sites. Based on large‐scale phenotypic data, we observed that genes with conserved expression have a higher probability to be involved in leaf growth and that leaf‐related phenotypes are more frequently present for genes having orthologues between dicots and monocots than clade‐specific genes. This study shows the power of integrating transcriptomic with orthology data to identify or select candidates for functional studies during leaf development in flowering plants.
Nail lichen striatus: Is dermoscopy useful for the diagnosis?
Authors: Iorizzo Matilde , Rubin Adam I. , Starace Michela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLichen striatus is a unilateral inflammatory dermatosis that rarely affects the nail unit. When the inflammation involves the nail unit, classic lichenoid nail changes are easily detectable, more often limited to only one portion of the nail. Usually the nail dystrophy coexists with periungual skin papules following Blaschko's lines, but it could also be an isolated feature. Because a nail unit biopsy presents difficulties in execution, especially in a child, the aim of our study has been to describe the nail unit dermoscopy features of lichen striatus hoping to provide a valid aid to clinicians in the diagnosing this rare disorder.MethodsWe reviewed the images of five pediatric patients with a clinical diagnosis of lichen striatus. Data about sex, age, localization, predisposing/triggering factors, and associated disorders are reported.ResultsThe diagnosis of lichen striatus can be challenging as there are clinically overlapping features with related dermatoses. A common diagnostic pitfall occurs with inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus and lichen planus. Involvement of only one part of the nail plate with linear longitudinal fissuring, ridging, and distal splitting, especially if seen with perionychial skin lesions, is characteristic of lichen striatus.ConclusionsNail lichen striatus is rare, and there is sparse published literature on it. When the changes in lichen striatus are limited to the nail, the diagnosis may easily be missed. We therefore believe that dermoscopy is an important diagnostic maneuver, which should be integrated into the evaluation of patients with potential lichen striatus, and in particular is helpful for clinicians unwilling or unable to perform a nail unit biopsy.