bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing the effects of eutrophication on molluscan communities in sediment cores: outbreaks of an opportunistic species coincide with reduced bioturbation and high frequency of hypoxia in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Tomašových Adam , Gallmetzer Ivo , Haselmair Alexandra , Kaufman Darrell S. , Kralj Martina , Cassin Daniele , Zonta Roberto , Zuschin Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEstimating the effects and timing of anthropogenic impacts on the composition of macrobenthic communities is challenging, because early twentieth-century surveys are sparse and the corresponding intervals in sedimentary sequences are mixed by bioturbation. Here, to assess the effects of eutrophication on macrobenthic communities in the northern Adriatic Sea, we account for mixing with dating of the bivalve Corbula gibba at two stations with high accumulation (Po prodelta) and one station with moderate accumulation (Isonzo prodelta). We find that, first, pervasively bioturbated muds typical of highstand conditions deposited in the early twentieth century were replaced by muds with relicts of flood layers and high content of total organic carbon (TOC) deposited in the late twentieth century at the Po prodelta. The twentieth century shelly muds at the Isonzo prodelta are amalgamated but also show an upward increase in TOC. Second, dating of C. gibba shells shows that the shift from the early to the late twentieth century is characterized by a decrease in stratigraphic disorder and by an increase in temporal resolution of assemblages from ~25–50 years to ~10–20 years in both regions. This shift reflects a decline in the depth of the fully mixed layer from more than 20 cm to a few centimeters. Third, the increase in abundance of the opportunistic species C. gibba and the loss of formerly abundant, hypoxia-sensitive species coincided with the decline in bioturbation, higher preservation of organic matter, and higher frequency of seasonal hypoxia in both regions. This depositional and ecosystem regime shift occurred in ca. a.d. 1950. Therefore, the effects of enhanced food supply on macrobenthic communities were overwhelmed by oxygen depletion, even when hypoxic conditions were limited to few weeks per year in the northern Adriatic Sea. Preservation of trends in molluscan abundance and flood events in cores was enhanced by higher frequency of hypoxia that reduced bioturbation in the late twentieth century.
Neogene to Quaternary uplift history along the passive margin of the northeastern Arabian Peninsula, eastern Al Hajar Mountains, Oman
Authors: Moraetis Daniel , Mattern Frank , Scharf Andreas , Frijia Gianluca , Kusky Timothy M. , Yuan Ye , El-Hussain Issa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis work explores the uplift history of the best exposed marine terraces in the northeastern Arabian Peninsula (eastern Al Hajar Mountains). A multidisciplinary approach was employed, including a topographic survey,14C dating, thin section studies, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Six distinctive marine terraces with widths ranging from tenth of meters to kilometers and elevations from 5 to ~400 m were studied. These terraces record an along-strike heterogeneous uplift history, while they show temporally variable uplift rates ranging between 0.9 to 6.7 mm/yr, which correlates well with other published uplift rates of marine terraces of the eastern Arabian Peninsula. We attribute the variable uplift along strike of the terraces, to a combination of uplift mechanisms: (1) during early to mid-Miocene along deep-rooted reverse faults that bound large crustal-scale blocks, (2) Pliocene or post-Pliocene uplift on the outer wall of the forebulge of the lower Arabian Plate as it bends to enter the Zagros-Makran subduction zone, and (3) a possible slowdown of subduction for the past ~40 ka.
THE APPLICABILITY OF THE ECHR IN CONTESTED TERRITORIES
Authors: Milanović Marko , Papić Tatjana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article examines the applicability of the European Convention for Human Rights (ECHR) when a State loses control over parts of its territory. It argues that the jurisprudence of the European Court for Human Rights, which insists on residual positive obligations based in sovereign title over territory, is problematic and needs to be rethought. The Court's current approach is not only likely to provoke backlash, since it requires it to decide politically explosive questions of sovereign title, but does so for very little practical benefit for the protection of human rights. The article therefore explores more preferable alternatives.
Sandy Loess Records of Precipitation Changes and Monsoon Migrations in the Hunshandake Sandy Land Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Zhou Yuwen , Han Zhiyong , Li Xusheng , Wang Yong , Lv Cunjuan , Jiang Mengyao , Yang Qianqian , Xu Zhiwei , Yi Shuangwen , Lu Huayu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Hunshandake Sandy Land (Hunshandake) in central Inner Mongolia, China, is located within the fringe of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) domains. Precipitation records in Hunshandake are essential to studying the migrations of the EASM. This work reproduced the precipitation changes since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) by measuring the magnetic susceptibility and carbonate content through optically stimulated luminescence dating of two sandy loess profiles within the sandy land to obtain a high‐resolution sedimentary chronological sequence. In addition, eolian topsoil samples were collected along the modern precipitation gradient and their magnetic susceptibility values were compared among the monsoon region, the monsoon marginal region, and the nonmonsoon region. The results demonstrate the following: (1) from 25 to 15 ka, precipitation was low in Hunshandake and exhibited no substantial variability or trend; from 15 to 6 ka, precipitation increased gradually and reached its maximum at approximately 6 ka; and after 6 ka, precipitation decreased again; (2) precipitation changes in Hunshandake since the LGM were mainly determined by the migration of the EASM; and (3) changes in the monsoon migrations in Hunshandake since the LGM are primarily driven by the changes in global ice volume and subordinately by solar radiation.
Active Dosimeter‐Based Estimate of Astronaut Acute Radiation Risk for Real‐Time Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Mertens Christopher J. , Slaba Tony C. , Hu Shaowen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRadiation exposure from solar energetic particle (SEP) events becomes a much greater concern as human exploration extends beyond low Earth orbit and the protective environment of Earth's magnetic field. Free‐space SEP events have an increased impact on mission planning and operations, as countermeasures may be necessary to avoid exceeding astronaut permissible exposure limits. Operational analysis tools are needed to assess acute radiation risk during SEP events in order to determine courses of action during the mission. A methodology has been developed to meet this need, which utilizes onboard vehicle dosimeter measurements to estimate organ dosimetric quantities at astronaut crew locations in real time. The estimated organ doses provide the necessary inputs to acute biological response models that predict radiation‐induced performance decrement and other acute radiation effects. The real‐time SEP organ dose estimation methodology has been combined with an acute biological response model, providing an active dosimeter‐based acute radiation risk model for operational mission planning, and determining radiation exposure mitigation measures for deep‐space exploration missions. This new tool has been developed specifically for National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Orion Multi‐Purpose Crew Vehicle storm shelter environment but could easily be extended to other vehicles. The methodology for estimating SEP organ doses is evaluated and assessed in this paper, and a simulation of the acute radiation responses in the Multi‐Purpose Crew Vehicle storm shelter is shown for the historical October 1989 SEP event. The operational acute radiation risk model will be utilized on National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Exploration Mission 1 and Exploration Mission 2.
Picoeukaryotes of the Micromonas genus: sentinels of a warming ocean
Authors: Demory David , Baudoux Anne-Claire , Monier Adam , Simon Nathalie , Six Christophe , Ge Pei , Rigaut-Jalabert Fabienne , Marie Dominique , Sciandra Antoine , Bernard Olivier , Rabouille Sophie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Photosynthetic picoeukaryotesx in the genus Micromonas show among the widest latitudinal distributions on Earth, experiencing large thermal gradients from poles to tropics. Micromonas comprises at least four different species often found in sympatry. While such ubiquity might suggest a wide thermal niche, the temperature response of the different strains is still unexplored, leaving many questions as for their ecological success over such diverse ecosystems. Using combined experiments and theory, we characterize the thermal response of eleven Micromonas strains belonging to four species. We demonstrate that the variety of specific responses to temperature in the Micromonas genus makes this environmental factor an ideal marker to describe its global distribution and diversity. We then propose a diversity model for the genus Micromonas, which proves to be representative of the whole phytoplankton diversity. This prominent primary producer is therefore a sentinel organism of phytoplankton diversity at the global scale. We use the diversity within Micromonas to anticipate the potential impact of global warming on oceanic phytoplankton. We develop a dynamic, adaptive model and run forecast simulations, exploring a range of adaptation time scales, to probe the likely responses to climate change. Results stress how biodiversity erosion depends on the ability of organisms to adapt rapidly to temperature increase.
Transcriptomic signatures of schizophrenia revealed by dopamine perturbation in an ex vivo model
Authors: Duan Jubao , Göring Harald H. H. , Sanders Alan R. , Moy Winton , Freda Jessica , Drigalenko Eugene I. , Kos Mark , He Deli , Gejman Pablo V. ,   MGS, Gejman P. V. , Sanders A. R. , Duan J. , Levinson D. F. , Shi J. , Buccola N. G. , Mowry B. J. , Freedman R. , Olincy A. , Amin F. , Black D. W. , Silverman J. M. , Byerley W. F. , Cloninger C. R. , Svrakic D. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe dopaminergic hypothesis of schizophrenia (SZ) postulates that dopaminergic over activity causes psychosis, a central feature of SZ, based on the observation that blocking dopamine (DA) improves psychotic symptoms. DA is known to have both receptor- and non-receptor-mediated effects, including oxidative mechanisms that lead to apoptosis. The role of DA-mediated oxidative processes in SZ has been little studied. Here, we have used a cell perturbation approach and measured transcriptomic profiles by RNAseq to study the effect of DA exposure on transcription in B-cell transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 514 SZ cases and 690 controls. We found that DA had widespread effects on both cell growth and gene expression in LCLs. Overall, 1455 genes showed statistically significant differential DA response in SZ cases and controls. This set of differentially expressed genes is enriched for brain expression and for functions related to immune processes and apoptosis, suggesting that DA may play a role in SZ pathogenesis through modulating those systems. Moreover, we observed a non-significant enrichment of genes near genome-wide significant SZ loci and with genes spanned by SZ-associated copy number variants (CNVs), which suggests convergent pathogenic mechanisms detected by both genetic association and gene expression. The study suggests a novel role of DA in the biological processes of immune and apoptosis that may be relevant to SZ pathogenesis. Furthermore, our results show the utility of pathophysiologically relevant perturbation experiments to investigate the biology of complex mental disorders.
Abnormal gametogenesis induced by p53 deficiency promotes tumor progression and drug resistance
Authors: Liu Chunfang , Cai Zhen , Jin Guoxiang , Peng Danni , Pan Bo-Syong , Zhang Xian , Han Fei , Xu Xiaohong , Lin Hui-Kuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe century-old embryonal/gametogenesis hypothesis of tumors could link diverse tumors’ malignant features together likely representing the real “stemness” of tumors. However, the genetic evidence to validate abnormal gametogenesis in tumors remains lacking. Here we show that p53 deficiency elicits abnormal gametogenesis from primordial germ cell-like stage to late oocyte-like stage and subsequent parthenogenetic activation. The similar upregulation of abnormal gametogenesis by p53 deficiency is observed both in p53−/− mouse model and cultured cancer cells. Notably, germ cell-like cells isolated from distinct tumors from p53−/− mice and cancer cell lines display potent tumorigenicity potential. Abnormal oogenesis induced by p53 deficiency and then spontaneous parthenogenetic activation endow tumors with imitated embryonic development, life cycle, and therapeutic resistance. Our study establishes the genetic evidence to support embryonal/gametogenesis theory of tumors and reveals a pivotal role of p53 in restricting abnormal gametogenesis that may represent a novel aspect for p53’s tumor suppression.
Late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency caused by a somatic mosaic mutation
Authors: Lee Tomoko , Misaki Maiko , Shimomura Hideki , Tanaka Yasuhiko , Yoshida Satoru , Murayama Kei , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Fujiki Ryoji , Ohara Osamu , Sasai Hideo , Fukao Toshiyuki , Takeshima Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn 18-month-old boy was diagnosed with late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Genetic analysis revealed a mosaic frameshift mutation (p.Q279fs) in the OTC gene. Despite the presence of a null mutation, he exhibited a milder phenotype, suggesting that the wild-type allele could rescue the function of OTC. The presence of mosaicism has great effects on the clinical phenotype and recurrence-risk assessment, which should be taken into consideration for genetic counseling.
MAIT cells protect against pulmonary Legionella longbeachae infection
Authors: Wang Huimeng , D’Souza Criselle , Lim Xin Yi , Kostenko Lyudmila , Pediongco Troi J. , Eckle Sidonia B. G. , Meehan Bronwyn S. , Shi Mai , Wang Nancy , Li Shihan , Liu Ligong , Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Fairlie David P. , Iwakura Yoichiro , Gunnersen Jennifer M. , Stent Andrew W. , Godfrey Dale I. , Rossjohn Jamie , Westall Glen P. , Kjer-Nielsen Lars , Strugnell Richard A. , McCluskey James , Corbett Alexandra J. , Hinks Timothy S. C. , Chen Zhenjun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognise conserved microbial metabolites from riboflavin synthesis. Striking evolutionary conservation and pulmonary abundance implicate them in antibacterial host defence, yet their functions in protection against clinically important pathogens are unknown. Here we show that mouse Legionellalongbeachae infection induces MR1-dependent MAIT cell activation and rapid pulmonary accumulation of MAIT cells associated with immune protection detectable in immunocompetent host animals. MAIT cell protection is more evident in mice lacking CD4+ cells, and adoptive transfer of MAIT cells rescues immunodeficient Rag2−/−γC−/− mice from lethal Legionella infection. Protection is dependent on MR1, IFN-γ and GM-CSF, but not IL-17A, TNF or perforin, and enhanced protection is detected earlier after infection of mice antigen-primed to boost MAIT cell numbers before infection. Our findings define a function for MAIT cells in protection against a major human pathogen and indicate a potential role for vaccination to enhance MAIT cell immunity.
Photo-generated dinuclear {Eu(II)}2 active sites for selective CO2 reduction in a photosensitizing metal-organic framework
Authors: Yan Zhi-Hao , Du Ming-Hao , Liu Junxue , Jin Shengye , Wang Cheng , Zhuang Gui-Lin , Kong Xiang-Jian , Long La-Sheng , Zheng Lan-Sun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhotocatalytic reduction of CO2 is a promising approach to achieve solar-to-chemical energy conversion. However, traditional catalysts usually suffer from low efficiency, poor stability, and selectivity. Here we demonstrate that a large porous and stable metal-organic framework featuring dinuclear Eu(III)2 clusters as connecting nodes and Ru(phen)3-derived ligands as linkers is constructed to catalyze visible-light-driven CO2 reduction. Photo-excitation of the metalloligands initiates electron injection into the nodes to generate dinuclear {Eu(II)}2 active sites, which can selectively reduce CO2 to formate in a two-electron process with a remarkable rate of 321.9 μmol h−1 mmolMOF−1. The electron transfer from Ru metalloligands to Eu(III)2 catalytic centers are studied via transient absorption and theoretical calculations, shedding light on the photocatalytic mechanism. This work highlights opportunities in photo-generation of highly active lanthanide clusters stabilized in MOFs, which not only enables efficient photocatalysis but also facilitates mechanistic investigation of photo-driven charge separation processes.
Multiplexed storage and real-time manipulation based on a multiple degree-of-freedom quantum memory
Authors: Yang Tian-Shu , Zhou Zong-Quan , Hua Yi-Lin , Liu Xiao , Li Zong-Feng , Li Pei-Yun , Ma Yu , Liu Chao , Liang Peng-Jun , Li Xue , Xiao Yi-Xin , Hu Jun , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe faithful storage and coherent manipulation of quantum states with matter-systems would enable the realization of large-scale quantum networks based on quantum repeaters. To achieve useful communication rates, highly multimode quantum memories are required to construct a multiplexed quantum repeater. Here, we present a demonstration of on-demand storage of orbital-angular-momentum states with weak coherent pulses at the single-photon-level in a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal. Through the combination of this spatial degree-of-freedom (DOF) with temporal and spectral degrees of freedom, we create a multiple-DOF memory with high multimode capacity. This device can serve as a quantum mode converter with high fidelity, which is a fundamental requirement for the construction of a multiplexed quantum repeater. This device further enables essentially arbitrary spectral and temporal manipulations of spatial-qutrit-encoded photonic pulses in real time. Therefore, the developed quantum memory can serve as a building block for scalable photonic quantum information processing architectures.
Vti1a/b regulate synaptic vesicle and dense core vesicle secretion via protein sorting at the Golgi
Authors: Emperador-Melero Javier , Huson Vincent , van Weering Jan , Bollmann Christian , Fischer von Mollard Gabriele , Toonen Ruud F. , Verhage Matthijs 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe SNAREs Vti1a/1b are implicated in regulated secretion, but their role relative to canonical exocytic SNAREs remains elusive. Here, we show that synaptic vesicle and dense-core vesicle (DCV) secretion is indeed severely impaired in Vti1a/b-deficient neurons. The synaptic levels of proteins that mediate secretion were reduced, down to 50% for the exocytic SNARE SNAP25. The delivery of SNAP25 and DCV-cargo into axons was decreased and these molecules accumulated in the Golgi. These defects were rescued by either Vti1a or Vti1b expression. Distended Golgi cisternae and clear vacuoles were observed in Vti1a/b-deficient neurons. The normal non-homogeneous distribution of DCV-cargo inside the Golgi was lost. Cargo trafficking out of, but not into the Golgi, was impaired. Finally, retrograde Cholera Toxin trafficking, but not Sortilin/Sorcs1 distribution, was compromised. We conclude that Vti1a/b support regulated secretion by sorting secretory cargo and synaptic secretion machinery components at the Golgi.
Interfacing with silica boosts the catalysis of copper
Authors: Xu Chaofa , Chen Guangxu , Zhao Yun , Liu Pengxin , Duan Xinping , Gu Lin , Fu Gang , Yuan Youzhu , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetal-support interaction is one of the most important parameters in controlling the catalysis of supported metal catalysts. Silica, a widely used oxide support, has been rarely reported as an effective support to create active metal-support interfaces for promoting catalysis. In this work, by coating Cu microparticles with mesoporous SiO2, we discover that Cu/SiO2 interface creates an exceptional effect to promote catalytic hydrogenation of esters. Both computational and experimental studies reveal that Cu–Hδ− and SiO–Hδ+ species would be formed at the Cu–O–SiOx interface upon H2 dissociation, thus promoting the ester hydrogenation by stablizing the transition states. Based on the proposed catalytic mechanism, encapsulting copper phyllosilicate nanotubes with mesoporous silica followed by hydrogen reduction is developed as an effective method to create a practical Cu nanocatalyst with abundant Cu-O-SiOx interfaces. The catalyst exhibits the best performance in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol among all reported Cu catalysts.
Accelerated discovery of stable lead-free hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites via machine learning
Authors: Lu Shuaihua , Zhou Qionghua , Ouyang Yixin , Guo Yilv , Li Qiang , Wang Jinlan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRapidly discovering functional materials remains an open challenge because the traditional trial-and-error methods are usually inefficient especially when thousands of candidates are treated. Here, we develop a target-driven method to predict undiscovered hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) for photovoltaics. This strategy, combining machine learning techniques and density functional theory calculations, aims to quickly screen the HOIPs based on bandgap and solve the problems of toxicity and poor environmental stability in HOIPs. Successfully, six orthorhombic lead-free HOIPs with proper bandgap for solar cells and room temperature thermal stability are screened out from 5158 unexplored HOIPs and two of them stand out with direct bandgaps in the visible region and excellent environmental stability. Essentially, a close structure-property relationship mapping the HOIPs bandgap is established. Our method can achieve high accuracy in a flash and be applicable to a broad class of functional material design.
Memory B cells are reactivated in subcapsular proliferative foci of lymph nodes
Authors: Moran Imogen , Nguyen Akira , Khoo Weng Hua , Butt Danyal , Bourne Katherine , Young Clara , Hermes Jana R. , Biro Maté , Gracie Gary , Ma Cindy S. , Munier C. Mee Ling , Luciani Fabio , Zaunders John , Parker Andrew , Kelleher Anthony D. , Tangye Stuart G. , Croucher Peter I. , Brink Robert , Read Mark N. , Phan Tri Giang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVaccine-induced immunity depends on the generation of memory B cells (MBC). However, where and how MBCs are reactivated to make neutralising antibodies remain unknown. Here we show that MBCs are prepositioned in a subcapsular niche in lymph nodes where, upon reactivation by antigen, they rapidly proliferate and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells in the subcapsular proliferative foci (SPF). This novel structure is enriched for signals provided by T follicular helper cells and antigen-presenting subcapsular sinus macrophages. Compared with contemporaneous secondary germinal centres, SPF have distinct single-cell molecular signature, cell migration pattern and plasma cell output. Moreover, SPF are found both in human and mouse lymph nodes, suggesting that they are conserved throughout mammalian evolution. Our data thus reveal that SPF is a seat of immunological memory that may be exploited to rapidly mobilise secondary antibody responses and improve vaccine efficacy.