bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium Acyclic Diaminocarbene (ADC) Triflate Complexes as Effective Precatalysts for the Hiyama Alkynylation/Cyclization Reaction Yielding Benzofuran Compounds: Probing the Influence of the Triflate Co‐Ligand in the One‐Pot Tandem Reaction
Authors: Singh Chandan , Prakasham A. P. , Ghosh Prasenjit 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPalladium acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC) complexes of the type cis‐[(R1NH)(R2)methylidene]Pd(OCOCF3)2(CNR1) [R1 = 2,4,6‐(CH3)3C6H2: R2 = NC4H8 (1); NC5H10 (2)] have been synthesized and structurally characterized. These 1 and 2 complexes are effective precatalysts for the one‐pot tandem Hiyama alkynylation/cyclization reaction producing benzofuran compounds and, quite interestingly, higher yields of ca. 33−52 % were observed for the aryl triethoxysilylalkyne substrates as compared to that of ca. 15−21 % for the aliphatic triethoxysilylalkyne substrates. The 1 and 2 complexes were conveniently prepared by the salt metathesis reaction of the chloro derivatives with AgOCOCF3 in excellent yields (ca. 84−94 %) under ambient conditions.
The Evolving Role of Vacuum Assisted Biopsy of the Breast: A Progression from Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Authors: Bennett Ian C. , Saboo Apoorva 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe management of breast disease has been greatly facilitated by the technology of needle biopsy interventions, and over the past 30 years, this has evolved from the use of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to the current methodology of vacuum assisted biopsy (VAB).MethodsThis article provides an historical review of the application of needle interventions of the breast in the diagnosis and management of breast conditions, and discusses current indications for the use of vacuum assisted biopsies and vacuum assisted excisions.ResultsWhilst FNAB continues to have a limited role in breast disease diagnosis, the necessity of achieving an histological diagnosis has preferentially seen the development and wider application of automated core needle biopsies (CNB) and VAB in the assessment and management of breast lesions. The advantages of CNB and VAB include the ability to distinguish in situ and invasive disease pre‐operatively, and the ability to achieve prior knowledge of immunohistochemical tumour markers particularly in the setting of neoadjuvant drug treatments.ConclusionDue to its ability to obtain larger tissue samples, VAB does have diagnostic advantages over CNB and indications for the utilization of VAB are discussed. VAB additionally has an expanding role as a tool for breast lesion excision.
Unifying Children’s Surgery and Anesthesia Stakeholders Across Institutions and Clinical Disciplines: Challenges and Solutions from Uganda
Authors: Kisa Phyllis , Grabski David F. , Ozgediz Doruk , Ajiko Margaret , Aspide Raffaele , Baird Robert , Barker Gillian , Birabwa‐Male Doreen , Blair Geoffrey , Cameron Brian , Cheung Maija , Cigliano Bruno , Cunningham David , D’Agostino Sergio , Duffy Damian , Evans Faye , Fitzgerald Tamara N. , Galiwango George , Gerolmini Domenico , Gerolmini Marcello , Kakembo Nasser , Kambugu Joyce B. , Lakhoo Kokila , Langer Monica , Muhumuza Moses Fisha , Muzira Arlene , Nabukenya Mary T. , Naik‐Mathuria Bindi , Nakku Doreen , Nankunda Jolly , Ogwang Martin , Okello Innocent , Penny Norgrove , Reimer Eleanor , Sabatini Coleen , Sekabira John , Situma Martin , Ssenyonga Peter , Tumukunde Janat , Villalona Gustavo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a significant unmet need for children’s surgical care in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Multidisciplinary collaboration is required to advance the surgical and anesthesia care of children’s surgical conditions such as congenital conditions, cancer and injuries. Nonetheless, there are limited examples of this process from LMICs. We describe the development and 3‐year outcomes following a 2015 stakeholders’ meeting in Uganda to catalyze multidisciplinary and multi‐institutional collaboration.MethodsThe stakeholders’ meeting was a daylong conference held in Kampala with local, regional and international collaborators in attendance. Multiple clinical specialties including surgical subspecialists, pediatric anesthesia, perioperative nursing, pediatric oncology and neonatology were represented. Key thematic areas including infrastructure, training and workforce retention, service delivery, and research and advocacy were addressed, and short‐term objectives were agreed upon. We reported the 3‐year outcomes following the meeting by thematic area.ResultsThe Pediatric Surgical Foundation was developed following the meeting to formalize coordination between institutions. Through international collaborations, operating room capacity has increased. A pediatric general surgery fellowship has expanded at Mulago and Mbarara hospitals supplemented by an international fellowship in multiple disciplines. Coordinated outreach camps have continued to assist with training and service delivery in rural regional hospitals.ConclusionCollaborations between disciplines, both within LMICs and with international partners, are required to advance children’s surgery. The unification of stakeholders across clinical disciplines and institutional partnerships can facilitate increased children’s surgical capacity. Such a process may prove useful in other LMICs with a wide range of children’s surgery stakeholders.
Comparison of volatile leaf compounds and herbivorous insect communities on three willow species
Authors: Inui Yoko , Miyamoto Yasushi , Ohgushi Takayuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlants produce volatile compounds known to influence insect preferences for oviposition and feeding. To examine whether volatile leaf compounds are correlated with the herbivorous insect community, we analyzed volatile compounds in leaves from three co‐occurring willow species, Salix serissaefolia, S. eriocarpa, and S. integra, and investigated their associated insect communities in 3 months across different years. The gas chromatographic profiles of volatile compounds were highly specific to each willow species and remained constant in the study months. In a comparison between the chemical composition of the volatile compounds and the taxon composition of the insect communities, dissimilarity patterns in chemical composition among the three willow species were very close to those in herbivorous insect communities. These findings indicate that willow leaves produce specific volatiles that are highly correlated with the community structure of herbivorous insects associated with them.
Improving field establishment of cacao (Theobroma cacao) through mulching, irrigation and shading
Authors: Acheampong K. , Daymond A. J. , Adu-Yeboah P. , Hadley P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEstablishment of young cacao trees in West Africa can be severely impeded by the onset of the dry season. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted in Ghana to examine whether different mulch treatments and irrigation applied during the dry season combined with overhead shade could improve survival, early growth and yield of cacao. The mulch treatments used were polyethylene film and coffee husks placed around the young plants. Irrigation was used as a positive control, and no mulching or irrigation was a negative control. Three shade regimes were provided through different arrangements ofGliricidia sepiumand plantains. Four different cacao clones were used in the study in a replicated split-plot design. Early growth of cacao was stimulated under the irrigation and plastic mulch treatments. Higher rates of photosynthesis during the dry season appeared to underlie these increases. Significantly higher early yields were also observed under the irrigation and coffee mulch treatments compared with the control. Plant survival varied significantly between treatments; irrigation was associated with the highest plant survival (94%), followed by the plastic mulch treatment (91%), coffee husk (82%) and the control (70%). There was also an increase in survival when more intense shading was used. Under zero mulch conditions, differences in survival were observed between clones. The clones P 30 [POS] and SCA 6 were more sensitive to drought (in terms of survival) than PA 150 and T 79/501. It is concluded that relatively simple mulching techniques or controlled irrigation in conjunction with appropriate shade management can significantly improve early establishment and cropping of cacao.
Effect of topical mometasone furoate on adenoidal lymphoid tissue: a light microscopic study
Authors: Ahmed M R , Abou-Halawa A S , Ibrahim I H , Zittoon R F , Makary E F Y 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdenoid hypertrophy is a common cause of upper airway obstruction, and adenoidectomy is one of the most frequently performed operations in children. Topical nasal steroids can act directly on nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue to decrease its reactive inflammatory changes and potentially reduce its size.ObjectiveTo study the light microscopic changes in adenoidal lymphoid tissue after one month of topical steroid use.MethodsTwenty-six children with adenoid hypertrophy grade 3 scheduled for adenoidectomy were randomly divided into two equal groups: one group received mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray (Nasonex) 100 mcg/day for four weeks, and a control group received nasal normal saline 0.9 per cent for four weeks. The removed adenoids were examined histopathologically.ResultsAdenoidal tissue from the mometasone group had less reactive germinal centres and less spongiosis compared to the control group. The latter showed proliferating, reactive, variable sized and shaped lymphoid follicles, with congested blood vessels in the interfollicular areas.ConclusionThe use of intranasal mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray (Nasonex) for one month reduced adenoidal tissue reactive cellular changes and its vascularity. This is, however, a pilot study; a longer treatment period is needed to assess the effect of treatment on adenoidal size.
Childhood adversities in people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peh Oon Him , Rapisarda Attilio , Lee Jimmy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChildhood adversities have been reported to be more common among individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. This paper systematically reviewed and meta-analysed (i) the severity and prevalence of childhood adversities (childhood trauma exposure, bullying victimisation and parental separation or loss) among the UHR, and (ii) the association between adversities and transition to psychosis (TTP). PsycINFO, PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies reporting childhood adversities among UHR individuals. Only published articles were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline (von Elm et al., 2007) and the tool developed by Hoy et al. (2012). Seventeen case–control, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. UHR individuals experienced significantly more severe trauma than controls, regardless of trauma subtype. UHR were 5.5, 2.5 and 3.1 times as likely to report emotional abuse, physical abuse and bullying victimisation, respectively. There was no association with parental separation. However, childhood trauma was not significantly associated with TTP (follow-up periods: 6 months to 15 years), suggesting that trauma alone may not be a sufficient risk factor. Sexual abuse was associated with TTP but this may have been driven by a single large study. Potential confounders and low rates of TTP among UHR are limitations of this review. This is the first meta-analysis that quantitatively summarises the associations between childhood adversities and TTP among UHR, and between specific abuse subtypes and TTP. Specific recommendations have been made to increase the quality of future research. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017054884.
Processing of unfamiliar accents in monolingual and bilingual children: effects of type and amount of accent experience
Authors: LEVY Helena , KONIECZNY Lars , HANULÍKOVÁ Adriana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSubstantial individual differences exist in regard to type and amount of experience with variable speech resulting from foreign or regional accents. Whereas prior experience helps with processing familiar accents, research on how experience with accented speech affects processing of unfamiliar accents is inconclusive, ranging from perceptual benefits to processing disadvantages. We examined how experience with accented speech modulates mono- and bilingual children's (mean age: 9;10) ease of speech comprehension for two unfamiliar accents in German, one foreign and one regional. More experience with regional accents helped children repeat sentences correctly in the regional condition and in the standard condition. More experience with foreign accents did not help in either accent condition. The results suggest that type and amount of accent experience co-determine processing ease of accented speech.
Cullin 5 is a novel candidate tumor suppressor in renal cell carcinoma involved in the maintenance of genome stability
Authors: Tapia-Laliena María Ángeles , Korzeniewski Nina , Peña-Llopis Samuel , Scholl Claudia , Fröhling Stefan , Hohenfellner Markus , Duensing Anette , Duensing Stefan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is intimately associated with defects in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Herein, we report that deficiency in the E3 ligase subunit cullin 5 (CUL5) promotes chromosomal instability and is an independent negative prognostic factor in ccRCC. CUL5 was initially identified in an RNA interference screen as a novel regulator of centrosome duplication control. We found that depletion of CUL5 rapidly promotes centriole overduplication and mitotic errors. Downregulation of CUL5 also caused an increase of DNA damage that was found to involve impaired DNA double-strand break repair. Using immunohistochemistry, CUL5 protein expression was found to be below detection level in the majority of RCCs. A re-analysis of the TCGA ccRCC cohort showed that a reduced CUL5 gene expression or CUL5 deletion were associated with a significantly worse overall patient survival. In conclusion, our results indicate that CUL5 functions as a novel tumor suppressor with prognostic relevance in ccRCC and is critically involved in the maintenance of genome stability.
Light limitation increases multidimensional trait evenness in phytoplankton populations
Authors: Fontana Simone , Thomas Mridul K , Reyes Marta , Pomati Francesco 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Individual-level variation arising from responses to environmental gradients influences population and community dynamics. How such responses empirically relate to the mechanisms that govern species coexistence is, however, poorly understood. Previous results from lake phytoplankton communities suggested that the evenness of organismal traits in multiple dimensions increases with resource limitation, possibly due to resource partitioning at the individual level. Here we experimentally tested the emergence of this pattern by growing two phytoplankton species (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Microcystis aeruginosa) under a gradient of light intensity, in monoculture and jointly. Under low light (resource) conditions, the populations diversified into a wide range of phenotypes, which were evenly distributed in multidimensional trait space (defined by four pigment-related trait dimensions), consistent with the observed field pattern. Our interpretation is that under conditions of light limitation, individual phytoplankton cells alter photosynthetic traits to reduce overlap in light acquisition, acquiring unexploited resources and thereby likely maximising individual success. Our results provide prime experimental evidence that resource limitation increases the evenness of conspecific and heterospecific microbial phenotypes along trait axes, advancing our understanding of trait-based coexistence.
Sanshool improves UVB-induced skin photodamage by targeting JAK2/STAT3-dependent autophagy
Authors: Hao Dan , Wen Xiang , Liu Lian , Wang Lian , Zhou Xianli , Li Yanmei , Zeng Xin , He Gu , Jiang Xian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUltraviolet radiation is markedly increased because of pollution and the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. Excessive exposure to sunlight can negatively affect the skin, resulting in sunburn, photo-aging, or skin cancer. In this study, we first determined the photoprotective effect of sanshool, a major component in Zanthoxylum bungeanum, on UVB-irradiated responses in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and nude mouse. We found that sanshool treatment can protect cells against the effects of UVB irradiation by (i) increasing cell viability, (ii) inhibiting MMP expression, and (iii) inducing autophagy. We also used the recombinant CSF2 or anti-CSF2 antibody co-cultured with human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and found that CSF2 contributes to sanshool-induced autophagy. Sanshool hindered the UVB-induced activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling in HDFs, thereby inhibiting the expression of MMPs and activation of autophagic flux. Exposure of the dorsal skin of hairless mice to UVB radiation and subsequent topical application of sanshool delayed the progression of skin inflammation, leading to autophagy and inhibiting the activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling. These results provide a basis for the study of the photoprotective effect of sanshool and suggest that it can be potentially used as an agent against UVB-induced skin damage in humans.
Reduction in murine acute GVHD severity by human gingival tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the CD39 pathways
Authors: Ni Xuhao , Xia Yongxiang , Zhou Shun , Peng Hao , Wu Xiao , Lu Hao , Wang Han , Liu Rui , Blazar Bruce R. , Gu Jian , Lu Ling 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHuman gingival tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) present an accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating autoimmune diseases. Here we show that human GMSCs can prevent and treat acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in two different mouse models. Our results indicate that besides exhibiting suppressive function in vitro and in vivo, GMSCs may also regulate the conversion of Tregs to Th1 and/or Th17-like cells, as well as stabilize Foxp3 expression. Furthermore, GMSC-mediated prevention of acute GVHD was dependent on CD39 signaling that play an important role in the function and stability of Tregs. Finally, we also observed stronger protective ability of GMSCs with greater expansion ability compared with BMSCs or ASCs. These results indicate that human GMSCs have the potential to be used to treat GVHD.
Contribution of individual olfactory receptors to odor-induced attractive or aversive behavior in mice
Authors: Horio Nao , Murata Ken , Yoshikawa Keiichi , Yoshihara Yoshihiro , Touhara Kazushige 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOdorants are recognized by multiple olfactory receptors (ORs) and induce innate behaviors like attraction or aversion via olfactory system in mice. However, a role of an individual OR is unclear. Muscone is recognized by a few ORs including MOR215–1 and MOR214–3, and attracts male mice. Odor preference tests using MOR215–1 knockout mice revealed that MOR215–1 and other OR(s), possibly including MOR214–3, are involved in the attraction. (Z)-5-tetradecen-1-ol (Z5–14:OH) activates ~3 ORs, including Olfr288, and evokes attraction at low levels but aversion at higher levels. Olfr288 knockout mice show no attraction but aversion, suggesting Olfr288 is involved in preference for Z5–14:OH, whereas activation of other low-affinity Z5–14:OH receptors evokes aversion. Each OR appears to send a signal to a neural circuit that possesses distinct valence, leading to a certain behavior. The final output behavior with multiple ORs stimulation is determined by summation (addition or competition) of valences coded by activated ORs.
Dispersible hydrogel force sensors reveal patterns of solid mechanical stress in multicellular spheroid cultures
Authors: Lee Wontae , Kalashnikov Nikita , Mok Stephanie , Halaoui Ruba , Kuzmin Elena , Putnam Andrew J. , Takayama Shuichi , Park Morag , McCaffrey Luke , Zhao Ruogang , Leask Richard L. , Moraes Christopher 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how forces orchestrate tissue formation requires technologies to map internal tissue stress at cellular length scales. Here, we develop ultrasoft mechanosensors that visibly deform under less than 10 Pascals of cell-generated stress. By incorporating these mechanosensors into multicellular spheroids, we capture the patterns of internal stress that arise during spheroid formation. We experimentally demonstrate the spontaneous generation of a tensional ‘skin’, only a few cell layers thick, at the spheroid surface, which correlates with activation of mechanobiological signalling pathways, and balances a compressive stress profile within the tissue. These stresses develop through cell-driven mechanical compaction at the tissue periphery, and suggest that the tissue formation process plays a critically important role in specifying mechanobiological function. The broad applicability of this technique should ultimately provide a quantitative basis to design tissues that leverage the mechanical activity of constituent cells to evolve towards a desired form and function.
Achieving three-dimensional lithium sulfide growth in lithium-sulfur batteries using high-donor-number anions
Authors: Chu Hyunwon , Noh Hyungjun , Kim Yun-Jung , Yuk Seongmin , Lee Ju-Hyuk , Lee Jinhong , Kwack Hobeom , Kim YunKyoung , Yang Doo-Kyung , Kim Hee-Tak 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUncontrolled growth of insulating lithium sulfide leads to passivation of sulfur cathodes, which limits high sulfur utilization in lithium-sulfur batteries. Sulfur utilization can be augmented in electrolytes based on solvents with high Gutmann Donor Number; however, violent lithium metal corrosion is a drawback. Here we report that particulate lithium sulfide growth can be achieved using a salt anion with a high donor number, such as bromide or triflate. The use of bromide leads to ~95 % sulfur utilization by suppressing electrode passivation. More importantly, the electrolytes with high-donor-number salt anions are notably compatible with lithium metal electrodes. The approach enables a high sulfur-loaded cell with areal capacity higher than 4 mA h cm−2 and high sulfur utilization ( > 90 %). This work offers a simple but practical strategy to modulate lithium sulfide growth, while conserving stability for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.
Supplementary stocking selects for domesticated genotypes
Authors: Hagen Ingerid J. , Jensen Arne J. , Bolstad Geir H. , Diserud Ola H. , Hindar Kjetil , Lo Håvard , Karlsson Sten 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStocking of hatchery produced fish is common practise to mitigate declines in natural populations and may have unwanted genetic consequences. Here we describe a novel phenomenon arising where broodstock used for stocking may be introgressed with farmed individuals. We test how stocking affects introgression in a wild population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by quantifying how the number of adult offspring recaptured in a stocked river depend on parental introgression. We found that hatchery conditions favour farmed genotypes such that introgressed broodstock produce up to four times the number of adult offspring compared to non-introgressed broodstock, leading to increased introgression in the recipient spawning population. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that stocking can unintentionally favour introgressed individuals and through selection for domesticated genotypes compromise the fitness of stocked wild populations.