bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Özel Spor İşletmelerinde Çalışan Personelin Genel Sinizm Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: CEYHUN Serdar , MALKOÇ Nedim , ARSLAN Nesrin 
Published: February 2018

Küreselleşen dünyada ortaya çıkan kavramlardan biri sinizmdir. Genel sinizm, olaylar karşısında bireylerin
olumsuz tutum ve davranışlarını içerir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, özel spor
tesislerinde çalışan personelin genel sinizm seviyelerini belirlemektir.
Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul ‘da,
özel spor tesislerinde çalışan 305 personel oluşturdu. Çalışmamız 2016
yılı yaz döneminde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmada, personelin genel sinizm
seviyelerini belirlemek için Wrigthsman (1992) tarafından geliştirilen genel
sinizm ölçeği kullanıldı. Ölçeğin genelinin ve alt faktörlerinin güvenirliğini
test etmek için Cronbach Alpha güvenilirlik analizi ile değerlendirildi. Genel Sinizm ölçeğinin alt faktörleri ve
genelinden elde edilen puanların dağılımlarına ilişkin betimsel istatistikler
(ortalama, standart sapma, minimum değer, maksimum değer, çarpıklık ve
basıklık) hesaplandı. Çalışanların demografik özelliklerinden medeni durum ve
idari görevlerinin olma durumlarına göre genel sinizm sinizm düzeyleri
arasındaki farklılığı belirlemek için Independent-Sample t testi analizi
kullanıldı. Çalışanların yaş, meslekteki çalışma yılı ve aylık gelir düzeyi ile
genel sinizm ölçeğinin alt faktörleri ve geneline ilişkin sinizm seviyeleri
arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için One-Way ANOVA (Tek yönlü ANOVA) analizi
kullanıldı. Çalışmada bilişsel sinizm alt boyutunun sinizm seviyesinin daha
yüksek olduğu görüldü Sinizm seviyesinin demografik değişkenlerden; yaş, medeni durum, idari görevde olma durumu,
çalışma yılı ve gelir durumu etkilendiği bulundu. Araştırmanın bulguları
dâhilinde öneriler geliştirildi.
Molecular Gas Properties in M83 from CO PDFs
Authors: Egusa Fumi , Hirota Akihiko , Baba Junichi , Muraoka Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We have obtained 12CO(1–0) data of the nearby barred spiral galaxy M83 from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and Nobeyama 45 m observations. By combining these two data sets, the total CO flux has been recovered, and a high angular resolution (

corresponding to ∼40 pc at the distance of M83) has been achieved. The field of view is

corresponding to ∼3.4 kpc and covers the galactic center, bar, and spiral arm regions. In order to investigate how these galactic structures affect gas properties, we have created a probability distribution function (PDF) of the CO integrated intensity (

), peak temperature, and velocity dispersion for a region with each structure. We find that the

PDF for the bar shows a bright-end tail while that for the arm does not. As the star formation efficiency is lower in the bar, this difference in PDF shape is contrary to the trend in Milky Way studies where the bright-end tail is found for star-forming molecular clouds. While the peak temperature PDFs are similar for the bar and arm regions, velocity dispersion in the bar is systematically larger than in the arm. This large velocity dispersion is likely a major cause of the bright-end tail and of suppressed star formation. We also investigate an effect of stellar feedback to PDF profiles and find that the different

PDFs between bar and arm regions cannot be explained by the feedback effect, at least at the current spatial scale.
Galactic Disk Winds Driven by Cosmic Ray Pressure
Authors: Mao S. Alwin , Ostriker Eve C. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Cosmic ray pressure gradients transfer energy and momentum to extraplanar gas in disk galaxies, potentially driving significant mass loss as galactic winds. This may be particularly important for launching high-velocity outflows of “cool” (T ≲ 104 K) gas. We study cosmic ray-driven disk winds using a simplified semi-analytic model assuming streamlines follow the large-scale gravitational potential gradient. We consider scaled Milky Way–like potentials including a disk, bulge, and halo with a range of halo velocities V
H = 50–300

and streamline footpoints with radii in the disk R
0 = 1–16 kpc at a height of 1 kpc. Our solutions cover a wide range of footpoint gas velocity u
0, magnetic–to–cosmic ray pressure ratio, gas–to–cosmic ray pressure ratio, and angular momentum. Cosmic ray streaming at the Alfvén speed enables the effective sound speed C
eff to increase from the footpoint to a critical point where C
eff,c
= u

c
∼ V
H; this differs from thermal winds, in which C
eff decreases outward. The critical point is typically at a height of 1–6 kpc from the disk, increasing with V
H, and the asymptotic wind velocity exceeds the escape speed of the halo. Mass-loss rates are insensitive to the footpoint values of the magnetic field and angular momentum. In addition to numerical parameter space exploration, we develop and compare to analytic scaling relations. We show that winds have mass-loss rates per unit area up to

, where Π0 is the footpoint cosmic ray pressure and u
0 is set by the upwelling of galactic fountains. The predicted wind mass-loss rate exceeds the star formation rate for V
H ≲ 200

and u
0 = 50

, a typical fountain velocity.
Dense Regions in Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence
Authors: Robertson Brant , Goldreich Peter 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The properties of supersonic isothermal turbulence influence a variety of astrophysical phenomena, including the structure and evolution of star-forming clouds. This work presents a simple model for the structure of dense regions in turbulence in which the density distribution behind isothermal shocks originates from rough hydrostatic balance between the pressure gradient behind the shock and its deceleration from ram pressure applied by the background fluid. Using simulations of supersonic isothermal turbulence and idealized waves moving through a background medium, we show that the structural properties of dense, shocked regions broadly agree with our analytical model. Our work provides a new conceptual picture for describing the dense regions, which complements theoretical efforts to understand the bulk statistical properties of turbulence and attempts to model the more complex features of star-forming clouds like magnetic fields, self-gravity, or radiative properties.
Radio Monitoring of the Tidal Disruption Event Swift J164449.3+573451. III. Late-time Jet Energetics and a Deviation from Equipartition
Authors: Eftekhari T. , Berger E. , Zauderer B. A. , Margutti R. , Alexander K. D. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present continued radio and X-ray observations of the relativistic tidal disruption event Swift J164449.3+573451 extending to δt ≈ 2000 days after discovery. The radio data were obtained with the Very Large Array (VLA) as part of a long-term program to monitor the energy and dynamical evolution of the jet and to characterize the parsec-scale environment around a previously dormant supermassive black hole. We combine these data with Chandra observations and demonstrate that the X-ray emission following the sharp decline at δt ≈ 500 days is likely due to the forward shock. We constrain the synchrotron cooling frequency and the microphysical properties of the outflow for the first time. We find that the cooling frequency evolves through the optical/NIR band at δt ≈ 10–200 days, corresponding to ϵ

B
≈ 10−3, well below equipartition; the X-ray data demonstrate that this deviation from equipartition holds to at least δt ≈ 2000 days. We thus recalculate the physical properties of the jet over the lifetime of the event, no longer assuming equipartition. We find a total kinetic energy of E

K
≈ 4 × 1051 erg and a transition to non-relativistic expansion on the timescale of our latest observations (700 days). The density profile is approximately R
−3/2 at ≲0.3 pc and ≳0.7 pc, with a plateau at intermediate scales, characteristic of Bondi accretion. Based on its evolution thus far, we predict that Sw 1644+57 will be detectable at centimeter wavelengths for decades to centuries with existing and upcoming radio facilities. Similar off-axis events should be detectable to z ∼ 2, but with a slow evolution that may inhibit their recognition as transient events.
Disk Accretion Driven by Spiral Shocks
Authors: Arzamasskiy Lev , Rafikov Roman R. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Spiral density waves are known to exist in many astrophysical disks, potentially affecting disk structure and evolution. We conduct a numerical study of the effects produced by a density wave, evolving into a shock, on the characteristics of the underlying disk. We measure the deposition of angular momentum in the disk by spiral shocks of different strengths and verify the analytical prediction of Rafikov for the behavior of this quantity, using shock amplitude (which is potentially observable) as the input variable. Good agreement between theory and numerics is found as we vary the shock amplitude (including highly nonlinear shocks), disk aspect ratio, equation of state, radial profiles of the background density and temperature, and pattern speed of the wave. We show that high numerical resolution is required to properly capture shock-driven transport, especially at small wave amplitudes. We also demonstrate that relating the local mass-accretion rate to shock dissipation in rapidly evolving disks requires accounting for the time-dependent contribution to the angular momentum budget caused by the time dependence of the radial pressure support. We provide a simple analytical prescription for the behavior of this contribution and demonstrate its excellent agreement with the simulation results. Using these findings, we formulate a theoretical framework for studying the one-dimensional (in radius) evolution of shock-mediated accretion disks, which can be applied to a variety of astrophysical systems.
Clinical Correlates, Outcomes, and Predictors of Inflammatory Ocular Disease Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Biologic Era
Authors: Caimmi Cristian , Crowson Cynthia S. , Smith Wendy M. , Matteson Eric L. , Makol Ashima 
Published: February 2018

Objective.Inflammatory ocular disease (IOD) is a rare but severe extraarticular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (ExRA) with high mortality. The aim of our study was to examine clinical characteristics of IOD in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their effect on disease severity and outcomes in recent years.Methods.A retrospective cohort of RA patients with IOD evaluated between 1996 and 2013 was assembled and compared to RA comparators without IOD and matched for age, sex, and disease duration.Results.We identified 92 patients (69% female; mean age 62 yrs) with IOD: 33 scleritis, 23 episcleritis, 21 peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK), 14 uveitis, and 1 with orbital inflammation. The majority of patients with scleritis, episcleritis, and PUK was seropositive versus uveitis (> 80% vs 62%, p = 0.048). PUK and scleritis were more symptomatic compared to episcleritis and uveitis, and often required systemic therapy. Time to resolution was longer in scleritis than episcleritis (p = 0.01). PUK, scleritis, and uveitis had severe ocular sequelae. Prevalence of severe ExRA (18% vs 4%, p = 0.004) and dry eye syndrome (42% vs 26%, p = 0.024) was higher among patients with IOD than comparators. The incidence of new ExRA over 5-year followup was also higher among cases (29% vs 11%, p = 0.022). Ten-year survival was similar among RA patients with and without IOD (66% vs 64%, p = 0.56), with no differences noted among IOD subtypes.Conclusion.This large single-center study highlights the variable presentation and outcomes of IOD in RA. Although ocular complications are associated with significant morbidity, it is reassuring that survival among those with IOD is now similar to those without ocular disease.
Necropoli dell’Isola Sacra, scavo 1988-1989 : alcune riflessioni su occupazione degli spazi, cronologia delle sepolture, corredi
Authors: Olivanti Paola , Spanu Marcello 
Published: February 2018

Il contributo offre una rassegna di dati pertinenti agli scavi condotti tra il 1988 ed il 1989 nella necropoli dell’Isola Sacra, eseguiti negli spazi compresi tra le tombe monumentali erette sul lato occidentale della strada che conduceva da Ostia a Portus. In particolare si sottolineano la grande densità delle deposizioni messe in luce (realizzate con diverse modalità : in fossa, in cappuccina, in anfora etc.) e la problematicità della loro cronologia in relazione ai materiali rinvenuti.
Indagini archeologiche preventive nell’area della necropoli di Pianabella (area 12) : nuove acquisizioni per la ricostruzione del paesaggio extraurbano di Ostia Antica tra I e IV secolo d.C.
Authors: Germoni Paola , Gregorio Lucia De , Pischedda Carla Ninel , D’Andrea Ascanio 
Published: February 2018

I lavori di ristrutturazione delle S.S.P.P. via del Mare e via Ostiense sono stati un’occasione per svolgere indagini archeologiche preventive in un’area di grande interesse archeologico, prossima alla necropoli di Pianabella. Lo scavo stratigrafico ha evidenziato diversi momenti di frequentazione dell’area durante l’età imperiale con un utilizzo a scopi agricoli e poi funerari. Contestualmente allo scavo stratigrafico sono stati realizzati studi specialistici, per il materiale ceramico e le testimonianze epigrafiche. I dati così raccolti hanno permesso di proporre una datazione relativa e assoluta delle varie fasi individuate. Lo scavo del sepolcreto, in particolare, ha confermato alcuni aspetti dei rituali funerari romani già ampiamente attestati per il territorio ostiense : recinti a cielo aperto con nicchie per le sepolture a incinerazione e pozzi per i rituali funerari caratterizzano la fase più antica del sepolcreto, in associazione ai primi esempi di inumazioni ; per le fasi più avanzate si assiste ad un intervento di ristrutturazione generale del sepolcreto e ad un aumento delle sepolture a inumazione rispetto alle sepolture ad incinerazione con un’occupazione intensiva degli spazi interni ed esterni ai nuovi edifici funerari. Tra il III e il IV sec. d.C. si verifica un’attività di spoliazione alla quale segue un progressivo abbandono dell’area che continua ad essere utilizzata a scopi funerari solo in piccola parte, come attestano le sepolture più tarde rinvenute.
Energy transport, polar amplification, and ITCZ shifts in the GeoMIP G1 ensemble
Authors: Russotto Rick D. , Ackerman Thomas P. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The polar amplification of warming and the ability of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) to shift to the north or south are two very important problems in climate science. Examining these behaviors in global climate models (GCMs) running solar geoengineering experiments is helpful not only for predicting the effects of solar geoengineering but also for understanding how these processes work under increased carbon dioxide (CO2). Both polar amplification and ITCZ shifts are closely related to the meridional transport of moist static energy (MSE) by the atmosphere. This study examines changes in MSE transport in 10 fully coupled GCMs in experiment G1 of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), in which the solar constant is reduced to compensate for the radiative forcing from abruptly quadrupled CO2 concentrations. In G1, poleward MSE transport decreases relative to preindustrial conditions in all models, in contrast to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) abrupt4xCO2 experiment, in which poleward MSE transport increases. We show that since poleward energy transport decreases rather than increases, and local feedbacks cannot change the sign of an initial temperature change, the residual polar amplification in the G1 experiment must be due to the net positive forcing in the polar regions and net negative forcing in the tropics, which arise from the different spatial patterns of the simultaneously imposed solar and CO2 forcings. However, the reduction in poleward energy transport likely plays a role in limiting the polar warming in G1. An attribution study with a moist energy balance model shows that cloud feedbacks are the largest source of uncertainty regarding changes in poleward energy transport in midlatitudes in G1, as well as for changes in cross-equatorial energy transport, which are anticorrelated with ITCZ shifts.
Influence of climate variability, fire and phosphorus limitation on vegetation structure and dynamics of the Amazon–Cerrado border
Authors: Dionizio Emily Ane , Heil Costa Marcos , Castanho Andrea D. de Almeida , Ferreira Pires Gabrielle , Schwantes Marimon Beatriz , Hur Marimon-Junior Ben , Lenza Eddie , Martins Pimenta Fernando , Yang Xiaojuan , Jain Atul K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Climate, fire and soil nutrient limitation are important elements that affect vegetation dynamics in areas of the forest–savanna transition. In this paper, we use the dynamic vegetation model INLAND to evaluate the influence of interannual climate variability, fire and phosphorus (P) limitation on Amazon–Cerrado transitional vegetation structure and dynamics. We assess how each environmental factor affects net primary production, leaf area index and aboveground biomass (AGB), and compare the AGB simulations to an observed AGB map. We used two climate data sets (monthly average climate for 1961–1990 and interannual climate variability for 1948–2008), two data sets of total soil P content (one based on regional field measurements and one based on global data), and the INLAND fire module. Our results show that the inclusion of interannual climate variability, P limitation and fire occurrence each contribute to simulating vegetation types that more closely match observations. These effects are spatially heterogeneous and synergistic. In terms of magnitude, the effect of fire is strongest and is the main driver of vegetation changes along the transition. Phosphorus limitation, in turn, has a stronger effect on transitional ecosystem dynamics than interannual climate variability does. Overall, INLAND typically simulates more than 80 % of the AGB variability in the transition zone. However, the AGB in many places is clearly not well simulated, indicating that important soil and physiological factors in the Amazon–Cerrado border region, such as lithology, water table depth, carbon allocation strategies and mortality rates, still need to be included in the model.
Saturated and unsaturated salt transport in peat from a constructed fen
Authors: Simhayov Reuven B. , Weber Tobias K. D. , Price Jonathan S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The underlying processes governing solute transport in peat from an
experimentally constructed fen peatland were analyzed by performing
saturated and unsaturated solute breakthrough experiments using
Na+ and Cl− as reactive and non-reactive solutes,
respectively. We tested the performance of three solute transport
models, including the classical equilibrium convection–dispersion
equation (CDE), a chemical non-equilibrium one-site adsorption model
(OSA) and a model to account for physical non-equilibrium, the
mobile–immobile (MIM) phases. The selection was motivated by the
fact that the applicability of the MIM in peat soils finds a wide
consensus. However, results from inverse modeling and a robust
statistical evaluation of this peat provide evidence that the
measured breakthrough of the conservative tracer, Cl−, could
be simulated well using the CDE. Furthermore, the very high
Damköhler number (which approaches infinity) suggests
instantaneous equilibration between the mobile and immobile phases
underscoring the redundancy of the MIM approach for this particular
peat. Scanning electron microscope images of the peat show the
typical multi-pore size distribution structures have been
homogenized sufficiently by decomposition, such that physical
non-equilibrium solute transport no longer governs the transport
process. This result is corroborated by the fact the soil hydraulic
properties were adequately described using a unimodal van
Genuchten–Mualem model between saturation and a pressure head of
∼-1000 cm of water. Hence, MIM was not the most
suitable choice, and the long tailing of the Na+
breakthrough curve was caused by chemical
non-equilibrium. Successful description was possible using the OSA
model. To test our results for the unsaturated case, we conducted an
unsaturated steady-state evaporation experiment to drive Na+
and Cl− transport. Using the parameterized transport models
from the saturated experiments, we could numerically simulate the
unsaturated transport using Hydrus-1-D. The simulation showed a good
prediction of observed values, confirming the suitability of the
parameters for use in a slightly unsaturated transport
simulation. The findings improve the understanding of solute
redistribution in the constructed fen and imply that MIM should not
be automatically assumed for solute transport in peat but rather
should be evidence based.
Polish Footprint on Canadian Art
Authors: Chwojko-Srawley Ewa 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Until the second half of the twentieth century, art in Canada meant painting, with other forms (sculpture, tapestry, ceramics, etc.) being marginalized, relegated to a kind of second-class display. Their creators were stylized, not as artists but more pejoratively as artisans—people who executed a useful trade. European immigrants changed this parochial view. They brought with them the European perspective, that inspiration and genius can be found in a wide range of creative endeavor, and they patiently imposed this perspective on Canada. This article describes the contributions of some of these people, the Polish immigrant artists of the last decades of the twentieth century.
Access and Barriers: The Publications and Resources NAEA Members Use
Authors: Buffington Melanie L. , Sutters Justin P. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper explores the responses to three survey questions related to the resources art educators use to develop their practice. Additionally, we share the barriers they perceive in accessing resources, including the lack of time, lack of training, and lack of relevance to their practice. Through analyzing quantitative and qualitative responses, we found that the respondents read a range of traditional and nontraditional publications. A large portion of the respondents indicated their use of social media related to art education. In terms of barriers to accessing resources, participants indicated numerous structural and temporal constraints and also indicated preferences for social forms of learning through engaging with others. Further, we suggest ways for NAEA and state organizations to respond to the changing ways educators create and use information in our field.
Suicide et jeunes générations : se représenter la mort
Authors: Le Breton David 
Published: February 2018

Les jeunes ne possèdent pas de la mort la vision fatale et irréversible qui est celle de leurs aînés ; elle n’est pas perçue comme une destruction de soi, elle n’a pas le sens de la fin de l’existence. Dans le cas des tentatives de suicide le souci est moins de mourir que de ne plus être là, de se dépouiller de la souffrance.