bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saline Soils and the Agricultural Failure of a Prehistoric Population
Authors: Short Henry L. 
Published: August 2019

Environmental problems severely affected some prehistoric populations. For example, the Hohokam, during their millennium (450–1450 CE) in the Lower Salt River valley of Arizona, USA, constructed hundreds of kilometers of canals and extensively irrigated farmlands using Salt River waters which carried a high salt content. A quantity of that salt‐laden irrigation water was evaporated in the hot‐arid Sonoran Desert, resulting in thousands of tonnes of salt being deposited onto farmed fields, conditions deleterious to agriculture. Hohokam farmers, limited in their ability to manage salinity in irrigated soils, benefited both from the periodic flooding of the Salt River that leached soil salts from some fields and the occasional movement of their agriculture to new arable soils. They eventually vacated the Lower Salt River valley, presumably because periods of low river flows and limited flooding reduced irrigation and soil leaching capabilities, resulting in conditions unfavorable for continued agriculture. Enhanced soil and water management allows modern agriculture to succeed by successfully managing the environmental factors that limited the Hohokam.Core Ideas
Soil salinity adversely affected some civilizations in prehistory.
Environmental factors constrained some prehistoric populations.
Artifact production is a function of duration of occupancy.
Hohokam agriculture was restricted by the production of saline soils.
Distribuição Tributária Brasileira: influência nos índices de desenvolvimento local
Authors: Söthe Ari , Kegel Patrícia Luiza , Visentini Monize Sâmara 
Published: August 2019

O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a influência dos mecanismos distributivos da estrutura tributária brasileira nos índices de desenvolvimento da saúde, educação e emprego e renda dos municípios catarinenses, por meio de sua execução orçamentária. A metodologia se delineia como descritiva de corte transversal, com coleta de dados documentais e abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma amostra probabilística de 170 municípios que integram a população dos 295 municípios catarinenses. Os resultados da investigação demonstram a influência significativa nos índices de desenvolvimento analisados. No entanto, a correlação é pequena ou média e com pouca capacidade de explicação entre as variáveis da distribuição tributária e índices de desenvolvimento, assim como as variáveis da execução orçamentária e índices de desenvolvimento. A partir da avaliação da influência dos mecanismos distributivos nos índices de desenvolvimento das três áreas por classes de categorias, identificou-se uma correlação significativa somente na área de emprego e renda, assim como, um efeito de correlação médio e com média capacidade de explicação. Conclui-se que, o aumento da distribuição tributária e execução orçamentária, influenciam os índices de desenvolvimento, porém, essa é pequena ou média. Desse modo, torna-se necessário o aprimoramento dos atuais mecanismos, para que possam ser precursores da qualificação dos índices de desenvolvimento local.
Edge betweenness for water distribution networks domain analysis
Authors: Simone Antonietta , Ciliberti Francesco G. , Laucelli Daniele B. , Berardi Luigi , Giustolisi Orazio 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Complex network theory (CNT) studies the relevance of elements in networks using centrality metrics. From the CNT standpoint, water distribution networks (WDNs) are infrastructure networks composed by vertices, named nodes, connected to each other by edges, named pipes, that transfer water to customers following a transfer process based on shortest paths. The present paper proposes the domain analysis of several real WDNs using the edge betweenness in order to capture the hydraulic behaviour based on network structure, i.e., for understanding the role of topological features in the emergent hydraulic behaviour. The strategy is obtained by tailoring CNT studies and tools in order to (i) embed the different hydraulic roles of sources and demand nodes, (ii) move the classic concept of centrality from the nodes to the pipes, i.e., the technically relevant components for WDNs and (iii) include information related to the directional devices, because they constrain flow directions. Results show the usefulness of the novel WDN-tailored edge betweenness for the WDN domain analysis. Therefore, the metric can represent a useful tool for supporting WDNs analysis, design and management tasks.
Polymerization and oxidation of phenols in supercritical water
Authors: Zhang Huiwen , Zhang Xiaoman , Ding Lei , Gong Miao , Su Ying , Wang Shengwei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The treatment of toxic and difficult-to-degrade phenolic compounds has become a key issue in the coking, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Considering the polymerization and oxidation of phenolic compounds in supercritical water partial oxidation/supercritical water oxidation (SCWPO/SCWO), the present study reviewed the removal efficiency and reaction pathway of phenolic compounds and phenolic waste/wastewater under different reaction conditions. Temperature is the dominant factor affecting the SCWO reaction. When the oxidizing ability is insufficient, the organics polymerize to form phenolic compounds. The gradual increase of oxidant equivalent causes the intermediate product to gradually oxidize to CO2 and H2O completely. Finally, the free radical reaction mechanism is considered to be a typical SCWO reaction mechanism.
Simultaneous Analysis of Vanillin and Coumarin in Mangrove Plants and Commercial Food Products Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Dahibhate Nilesh Lakshman , Kumar Devendra , Kumar Kundan 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Vanillin is a key constituent of natural vanilla. Usage of natural vanilla is
affected due to its high price and limited supply, which leads to the use of artificial vanilla flavoring
substances. Coumarin is a commonly encountered adulterant in beverage, food, and cosmetics as a
flavoring and fragrance enhancer. However, coumarin has been banned for use as a food additive due
to its toxic effects. To comply with the quality of vanillin in food and food products needs to be ensured.

Methods:
A rapid, simple and selective analytical method has been developed and validated using
ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantitative analysis of
vanillin and coumarin. We also optimized fragmentation pattern of these metabolites while increasing
collision energy to elucidate its structural information. The suitability and robustness of the
method was checked by Zorbax Eclipse XDB C8 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) using mobile phase
comprising of methanol (A) and water with 0.1% formic acid (B) (90:10) with a flow rate
200 μL/min. The separation was achieved within 4.2 min with total run time of 5.0 min. The analysis
was done by multiple reaction monitoring using 153/93 and 147/91 pair transition in positive electrospray
ionization for vanillin and coumarin respectively.

Results:
The lower limit of quantification of vanillin and coumarin was 0.39 ng/mL and 3.9 ng/mL
respectively. The intra and inter-day precisions for vanillin and coumarin were lower than 8.87 and
8.62 whereas, accuracy was within ± 2.13 and ± 1.53 respectively. The vanillin and coumarin was
found to be stable under the examined conditions. This method was successfully applied for quantification
of vanillin and coumarin in mangrove species and commercial food products.

Conclusion:
The described method and fragmentation pattern could be useful to direct confirmation
and quality monitoring of a commercial food products assimilated with vanillin.
Model of Aeration Tank for Activated Sludge Process
Authors: Amin Ashraf , Hawash S.I. , Abdel-Fatah Mona A. 
Published: August 2019

Background and Objective: A model for the activated sludge aeration reactor is
developed to study the effect of operating conditions on biodegradable organic pollutants
treatment.

Methods:
The model was developed and fitted using an experimental study conducted for
wastewater collected from meat processing industrial units in Egypt. Inlet biomass and substrate
concentrations are the operating parameters considered in our study.

Results:
After treatment; biomass outlet concentration was reduced substantially. After
reaching steady-state operation, outlet biomass concentration was not affected by the inlet
biomass concentration, while outlet substrate concentration showed great dependency on the
inlet substrate concentration. The model agrees well with the experimental data collected
from an industrial activated sludge treatment unit.

Conclusion:
By varying process parameters, the model can be used effectively to predict and
optimize the system behavior under different operating conditions. Varying the substrate
concentration may lead to optimizing the process conditions for the system under study.
A Smartphone Attention Bias App for Individuals With Addictive Disorders: Feasibility and Acceptability Study
Authors: Zhang Melvyn , Ying Jiangbo , Amron Syidda B , Mahreen Zaakira , Song Guo , Fung Daniel S S , Smith Helen Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundConventional psychology therapies are unable to address automatic biases that result in individuals relapsing into their substance use disorder. Advances in experimental psychology have led to a better understanding of attention and approach biases and methods to modify these biases. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of bias modification among clinical cohorts. The advances in mobile health technologies have allowed remote delivery of these interventions. To date, there is a lack of studies examining bias modification in a substance-using non-Western sample.ObjectiveThis study was designed to determine the feasibility of an attention bias modification intervention and an attention bias modification smartphone app for the reduction of attention biases among treatment-seeking individuals. The secondary aim is to determine the acceptability of the intervention.MethodsA feasibility study was conducted among inpatients who were in their rehabilitation phase at the National Addictions Management Service. Participants were to complete a set of baseline questionnaires, and on each day that they are in the study, undertake an attention bias assessment and modification task while completing a visual analogue scale to assess their craving. Feasibility was determined by the acceptance rate of participation and participants’ adherence to the interventions. Acceptability was assessed by a perception questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22. A thematic analysis approach was used in the qualitative synthesis of users’ perceptions.ResultsOf the 40 participants invited to participate in the feasibility study, 10 declined, yielding an acceptance rate of 75%. Of the recruited participants, 6 participants were diagnosed with alcohol dependence; 17, with opioid dependence; 2, with cannabis dependence; and 5, with stimulant dependence. In addition, of the final 30 participants, 11 (37%) failed to complete all the planned interventions and 22 (73%) completed the perspective questionnaires; of these 22 participants, 100% rated the app as extremely and very easy, 77% rated it as extremely or very interactive, 54% rated it as extremely or very motivating, and 33% reported a change in their confidence levels.ConclusionsOur results highlight the feasibility of recruiting participants to undertake attention bias modification interventions. Participants generally accept use of a mobile version of such an intervention. Nevertheless, our acceptability data indicate that there could be improvements in the existing app, and a participatory design approach might be helpful in its future conceptualization.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/11822
Family Perceptions of Quality of End-of-Life Care for Veterans with Advanced CKD
Authors: Richards Claire A. , Liu Chuan-Fen , Hebert Paul L. , Ersek Mary , Wachterman Melissa W. , Reinke Lynn F. , Taylor Leslie L. , O’Hare Ann M. 
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives
Little is known about the quality of end-of-life care for patients with advanced CKD. We describe the relationship between patterns of end-of-life care and dialysis treatment with family-reported quality of end-of-life care in this population.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We designed a retrospective observational study among a national cohort of 9993 veterans with advanced CKD who died in Department of Veterans Affairs facilities between 2009 and 2015. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between patterns of end-of-life care and receipt of dialysis (no dialysis, acute dialysis, maintenance dialysis) with family-reported quality of end-of-life care.

Results
Overall, 52% of cohort members spent ≥2 weeks in the hospital in the last 90 days of life, 34% received an intensive procedure, and 47% were admitted to the intensive care unit, in the last 30 days, 31% died in the intensive care unit, 38% received a palliative care consultation in the last 90 days, and 36% were receiving hospice services at the time of death. Most (55%) did not receive dialysis, 12% received acute dialysis, and 34% received maintenance dialysis. Patients treated with acute or maintenance dialysis had more intensive patterns of end-of-life care than those not treated with dialysis. After adjustment for patient and facility characteristics, receipt of maintenance (but not acute) dialysis and more intensive patterns of end-of-life care were associated with lower overall family ratings of end-of-life care, whereas receipt of palliative care and hospice services were associated with higher overall ratings. The association between maintenance dialysis and overall quality of care was attenuated after additional adjustment for end-of-life treatment patterns.

Conclusions
Among patients with advanced CKD, care focused on life extension rather than comfort was associated with lower family ratings of end-of-life care regardless of whether patients had received dialysis.
Indirect treatment comparison of valbenazine and deutetrabenazine efficacy and safety in tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Aggarwal Saurabh , Serbin Michael , Yonan Chuck 
Published: August 2019

Aim:
Utilize the Bucher indirect treatment comparison (ITC) method to compare valbenazine and deutetrabenazine efficacy using clinical trial data.
Methods:
Outcomes included mean change from baseline in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) total score, AIMS response (≥50% improvement), clinical global impression of change response (score ≤2) and safety outcomes. Data were pooled by trial and dose; outcomes were analyzed at multiple time points.
Results:
ITC of AIMS score improvement significantly favored valbenazine 80 mg/day at 6 weeks versus deutetrabenazine 36 mg/day at 8 weeks, while valbenazine 40 mg/day was statistically similar to all doses of deutetrabenazine at all time points. No significant differences between drugs were found in AIMS and clinical global impression of change responses and safety outcomes.
Conclusion:
In this ITC of pooled trial data, valbenazine was generally favorable over deutetrabenazine, although dose titration and equivalency should be considered when interpreting results.
Andrés Molina Enríquez e a importância da reforma agrária no México, no início do século XX
Authors: Pinto Jorge Eschriqui Vieira 
Published: August 2019

Quando se pensa em História da Revolução Mexicana, um dos aspectos principais que vem à tona é a questão agrária e, como consequência deste, a participação no movimento revolucionário de grupos como os zapatistas e os villistas. A questão agrária que foi reconhecida pelo governo de Venustiano Carranza como um elemento importante para a organização de um novo Estado e de uma nova nação mexicana por meio do artigo 27 da Constituição de 1917. Entretanto, um ponto importante, geralmente esquecido, desconhecido ou mesmo colocado num segundo plano pela historiografia, refere-se às idéias originárias das questões sobre reforma agrária contidas neste artigo constitucional, que têm como principal mentor intelectual Andrés Molina Enríquez em sua obra Los grandes problemas nacionales (1909).
“Elas nem parecem operárias” – feminilidade e classe na América Latina no século XX
Authors: Weinstein Bárbara 
Published: August 2019

Novas pesquisas sobre a cultura de consumo e a feminilidade operária nos Estados Unidos têm argumentado que a atenção dada pelas jovens operárias à roupa da moda e aos romances populares não minou as identidades proletárias, mas, pelo contrário, providenciou importantes recursos para criar essas identidades. Neste artigo considero se podemos encontrar um processo similar de apropriação entre as mulheres operárias na América Latina. Mulheres operárias nas fábricas latino-americanas tinham que lidar com o desprezo geral para com a mulher que trabalhava em fábrica. Examinando, em primeiro lugar, os Centros de Aprendizado Doméstico em São Paulo, fundados pelas associações patronais, demonstro que a “feminilidade decente” nesses centros – frequentados por milhares de mulheres da classe operária – refletia noções da “dona de casa qualificada” construídas dentro da classe média, e identificou a mulher da classe operária como “quase” de classe média. Nesse caso, encontramos um processo de “aproximação,” em vez de apropriação. Em seguida considero o caso da Argentina (especificamente, Grande Buenos Aires), onde o peronismo também promoveu o papel “tradicional” da mulher da classe operária, mas, nesse contexto, destaco o impacto de Eva Perón no papel de heroína das trabalhadoras. A figura de Evita – repugnante às mulheres das classes privilegiadas – tornou-se um meio para a construção de uma feminilidade alternativa e classista para as mulheres operárias argentinas.
Aspectos sociotécnicos da computação: contextualizando o desenvolvimento de sistemas de computação com o modelo Mikropolis
Authors: De Albuquerque João Porto 
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses the need of considering sociotechnical aspects
in the scientific and professional practice of computing. In the pursuit of this goal, the paper firstly places the research on sociotechnical aspects of computing in a historical context and outlines the current research scenario in the area. Subsequently, the Mikropolis Model is explained—a model developed to provide orientation to the practical activities of the computing professional in respect to the social aspects of these activities. Furthermore, the paper discusses how to bring the model closer to the particular Brazilian context, in order to achieve analytical and didactic instruments especially suited to the reality in Brazil.
Dimensionality Reduction, Classification and Reconstruction Problems in Statistical Learning Approaches
Authors: Giraldi Gilson A. , Rodrigues Paulo S. , Kitani Edson C. , Thomaz Carlos E. 
Published: August 2019

Statistical learning theory explores ways of estimating functional dependency from a given collection of data. The specific sub-area of supervised statistical learning covers important models like Perceptron, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Linear
Discriminant Analysis (LDA). In this paper we review the theory of such models and compare their separating hypersurfaces for extracting group-differences between samples. Classification and reconstruction are the main goals of this comparison. We show recent advances in this topic of research illustrating their application on face and medical image databases.
Guest Editors
Authors: Raposo Alberto , Kelner Judith 
Published: August 2019

The Brazilian Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR) celebrated its 10th edition in 2008, in the city of João Pessoa. During these last 10 years, SVR has earned its space and magnitude as a truly consolidated event within the Brazilian research community. The papers in this special issue of RITA were selectively chosen among the 24 full papers presented in SVR 2008. They are extended and revised versions of those originally presented in the symposium.
The material in this special issue is representative of the wide scope of the areas covered by the symposium. The first paper, the only one not presented at the symposium, was written by the editors jointly with Luciano Soares and Veronica Teichrieb. It provides a rich panorama of current Brazilian research in Virtual Reality (VR) and related areas, based on an analysis of the 124 full papers presented over the last four SVR editions. The second paper, by Silvano Malfatti, Selan dos Santos, Luciane Fraga, Claudia Justel, Paulo Rosa, and Jauvane Oliveira, describes some interesting VR work. Its authors present an engine (EnCIMA) aimed at the quick development of VR applications. The third paper, by Fábio Miranda, Romero Tori, Cláudio Bueno, and Lucas Trias, presents research results from the Augmented Reality (AR) area. This paper, which received the best paper award in the symposium, presents a projection-based AR X-Ray tool to allow visual exploration of internal details of walls, as an illustration. The fourth paper, by Leandro Fernandes, Vitor Pamplona, João Prauchner, Luciana Nedel, and Manuel Oliveira, explores 3D user interaction. It presents the implementation of a data glove that uses a camera to track visual markers at finger tips. Finally, the last paper, by Ednaldo Pizzolato, Diego Duarte, and Marcio Fernandes, explores speech recognition as a form of interaction, introducing a software framework for application developers.

Alberto Raposo
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro - PUC-Rio - Brazil

Judith Kelner
Federal University of Pernambuco – UFPE – Recife- Pernambuco – Brazil
Estabilidade de Classificadores de Decisão em Árvore Binária para Dados Imagem em Alta Dimensão
Authors: De Oliveira Moraes Denis Altieri , Haertel Victor 
Published: August 2019

This paper deals with the problem of classifying high-dimensional image data image data using a multiple stage classifier structured as a binary tree. The aim here consists in finding the optimal structure for the binary tree in the sense of achieving a stable accuracy. The advantage presented by a multiple stage classifier lies on the fact that only a sub-set of classes is considered at each stage, allowing a better selection of the features to be used at each node. The binary tree is a particular case of a tree structured classifier, on which only two classes are considered at each node. This peculiarity makes possible the direct use of statistical distances for feature reduction (selection or extraction). In this study the criterion used for feature reduction at each node consists in optimizing the Bhattacharyya distance separating both classes in the node. The optimization of Bhattacharyya distance was based on the covariance matrices. Once the final set of features is obtained at each particular node, the classification is performed using the Gaussian Maximum Likelihood decision rule. Tests were performed using high-dimensional image data collected by the sensor system AVIRIS covering a test area. The criteria to evaluate the performance of the classifiers are: the final accuracy yielded by the classifier, its stability, and the required computer time.
BASES PARA UM NOVO MODELO DE POLÍTICA FISCAL PARA O BRASIL
Authors: Riani Flávio 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo procura discutir alguns pontos básicos que dêem sustentação a um novo modelo de política fiscal para o Brasil. Para tanto, é feita uma avaliação sobre o papel que deve ser desempenhado pelo setor público, bem como sobre a atual
estrutura fiscal brasileira. Finalmente, procura-se uma forma de atuação para o setor público e apresenta-se urna proposta de reformulação fiscal baseada em apenas quatro grupos de tributos.