bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing hydrolyzed powder recyclates as filler in polystyrene
Authors: Kismet Y. , Wagner M.H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the present study, hydrolyzed powder coating wastes were used as filler materials in polystyrene compounds, and the effect on the mechanical properties, melt flow index and density of polystyrene compounds were investigated. Epoxy/polyester, epoxy and polyurethane systems with thermoset structure were used as powder coating recyclates. After separately hydrolyzing these wastes, 5 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 % by weight were homogeneously mixed with polystyrene, initially mechanically and subsequently with an extruder in the melt at 180 °C. The resulting compounds were cooled and granulated, and by use of an injection molding machine at 180 °C to 200 °C, standard tensile test bars were produced. Tensile strength, bending strength and izod impact strength of the test bars were measured and the variations of the mechanical properties of the polystyrene compounds as a function of the type and amount of filler were examined. In addition, melt flow index and density of the compounds were determined. Furthermore, the bonding mechanism of filler and matrix material was examined by electron microscopy.
Population Structure of Atlantic Croakers from the Gulf of Mexico: Evaluating a Single-Stock Hypothesis Using a Genomic Approach
Authors: Anderson Joel D. , O'Leary Shannon J. , Cooper Pearce T. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The geographic structure of marine fish populations is an important element used in defining stock units, and genetic data have historically been used for this purpose. Here, genetic data were used to elicit population genomic patterns for Atlantic Croakers Micropogonias undulatus collected at five locations in the Gulf of Mexico (hereafter, “Gulf”) and a single location in the southern U.S. Atlantic. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes were used as a baseline for historical lineage delineation and in a comparison with a previous Atlantic Croaker study that was centered on the Atlantic coast. A genomic data set consisting of 3,682 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-containing loci was used to assess contemporary gene flow throughout the sampled area. Both the mtDNA and SNP data sets showed significant between-basin estimates of genetic divergence (ɸst = 0.049 and FST = 0.002, respectively), while pairwise FST implied a low magnitude of divergence (FST ≤ 0.002) at all geographic scales. Comparison of patterns obtained from putatively “neutral” versus “outlier” SNP loci suggested contrasting genetic patterns at the extremes of the sampling distribution in the Gulf. Putatively neutral SNPs implied a single stock in the Gulf, whereas a handful of outliers suggested distinct populations in the eastern and western Gulf. The pattern observed at outlier loci could imply either the presence of natural selection impacting a small number of loci or otherwise could be explained as a remnant pattern reflective of historical geographic isolation. In either case, the weak population structure observed at a small number of SNP loci may be indicative of a more significant demographic structure; for this reason, caution is urged when treating Atlantic Croakers as a single stock in the Gulf.
Effect of a Mammal Excluder Device on Trawl Catches of Salmon and Other Pelagic Animals
Authors: Wainwright Thomas C. , Emmett Robert L. , Weitkamp Laurie A. , Hayes Sean A. , Bentley Paul J. , Harding Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Concern about bycatch of marine mammals by fishery research gear has led to the use of mammal excluder devices (MEDs) in some surveys. We measured the effect of a rigid-grate MED on trawl fishing effectiveness for juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and other upper-pelagic species in the northern California Current. Catches of 11 taxa were compared among sets of a pelagic rope trawl without an MED and with an MED in two orientations: angled upward or angled downward. We estimated differences in overall catch ratios and size selectivity for each MED orientation compared to the unmodified net. The MED orientation had a species-specific influence on both catch ratio and size selectivity, with median ratios ranging from 0.0 to 1.8 for the upward orientation and from 0.4 to 2.7 for the downward orientation. Video observations helped to explain performance differences and may help to improve MED design. Use of an MED in trawl surveys may substantially increase or decrease the catch of various taxa, contributing further uncertainty to the analysis of survey time series for either abundance or catch composition.
Sample enrichment for clinical trials to show delay of onset in huntington disease
Authors: Paulsen Jane S. , Lourens Spencer , Kieburtz Karl , Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundDisease‐modifying clinical trials in persons without symptoms are often limited in methods to assess the impact associated with experimental therapeutics. This study suggests sample enrichment approaches to facilitate preventive trials to delay disease onset in individuals with the dominant gene for Huntington disease.MethodsUsing published onset prediction indexes, we conducted the receiver operating curve analysis for diagnosis within a 3‐year clinical trial time frame. We determined optimal cut points on the indexes for participant recruitment and then conducted sample size and power calculations to detect varying effect sizes for treatment efficacy in reducing 3‐year rates of disease onset (or diagnosis).ResultsArea under the curve for 3 onset prediction indexes all demonstrated excellent value in sample enrichment methodology, with the best‐performing index being the multivariate risk score (MRS).ConclusionsThis study showed that conducting an intervention trial in premanifest and prodromal individuals with the gene expansion for Huntington disease is highly feasible using sample enrichment recruitment methods. Ongoing natural history studies are highly likely to indicate additional markers of disease prior to diagnosis. Statistical modeling of identified markers can facilitate participant enrichment to increase the likelihood of detecting a difference between treatment arms in a cost‐effective and efficient manner. Such variations may expedite translation of emerging therapies to persons in an earlier phase of the disease.Trial RegistrationPREDICT‐HD is registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00051324. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
An algorithm for the simulation of curvilinear plane‐strain and axisymmetric hydraulic fractures with lag using the universal meshes
Authors: Grossman‐Ponemon Benjamin E. , Lew Adrian J. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryWe present an algorithm to simulate curvilinear hydraulic fractures in plane strain and axisymmetry. We restrict our attention to sharp fractures propagating in an isotropic, linear elastic medium and driven by the injection of a laminar, Newtonian fluid governed by lubrication theory, and we require the existence of a finite lag region between the fluid front and the crack tip. The key novelty of our approach is in how we discretize the evolving crack and fluid domains: we utilize universal meshes (UMs), a technique to create conforming triangulations of a problem domain by only perturbing nodes of a universal background mesh in the vicinity of the boundary. In this way, we construct meshes, which conform to the crack and to the fluid front. This allows us to build standard piecewise linear finite element spaces and to monolithically solve the quasistatic hydraulic fracture problem for the displacement field in the rock and the pressure in the fluid. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms through three examples: a convergence study in plane strain, a comparison with experiments in axisymmetry, and a novel case of a fracture in a narrow pay zone.
Long‐term treatment of older patients with overactive bladder using a combination of mirabegron and solifenacin: a prespecified analysis from the randomized, phase III SYNERGY II study
Authors: Mueller Elizabeth R. , van Maanen Rob , Chapple Christopher , Abrams Paul , Herschorn Sender , Robinson Dudley , Stoelzel Matthias , Yoon Sang J. , Al‐Shukri Salman , Rechberger Tomasz , Gratzke Christian 
Published: January 2019

AimsSYNERGY II was a 12‐month phase III trial in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms that investigated the safety and efficacy of the combination of mirabegron and solifenacin in comparison with each monotherapy. This analysis evaluated the trial findings using four age subgroups (<65, ≥65, <75, and ≥75 years).MethodsEligible patients were ≥18 years with symptoms of “wet” OAB (urinary frequency and urgency with incontinence) for ≥3 months. Patients were randomized to receive once‐daily solifenacin succinate and mirabegron (5 mg/50 mg; combination), solifenacin succinate, or mirabegron (4:1:1). Safety evaluations: treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), vital signs, and electrocardiogram, post‐void residual volume, and laboratory assessments. Primary efficacy variables: change from baseline to end of treatment in number of incontinence episodes/24 h and micturitions/24 h.ResultsOf 1794 patients (full analysis set), 614 (34.2%) and 168 (9.4%) were ≥65 and ≥75 years old, respectively. Overall, 856 (47.2%) patients experienced ≥1 TEAE. Higher TEAE incidences were typically observed for the combination versus both monotherapies (eg, constipation) and in the older versus younger age groups (eg, urinary tract infection). Increases in mean pulse rate from baseline of >1 bpm were noted in the combination and mirabegron younger age groups only. No clinically significant findings were observed in the other safety parameters. The efficacy variables improved with all treatments and the greatest improvements were typically observed with combination therapy.ConclusionsMirabegron and solifenacin combination therapy was a well‐tolerated and effective treatment for patients with OAB symptoms irrespective of their age.
High Adherence to Oral Nutrition Supplements Prescribed by Dietitians: A Cross‐Sectional Study on Hospital Outpatients
Authors: Liljeberg Evelina , Andersson Agneta , Blom Malmberg Karin , Nydahl Margaretha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess adherence to oral nutrition supplements (ONS) among hospital outpatients and to assess patient characteristics, experiences of ONS, and the characteristics of ONS prescriptions in clinical practice.MethodsHospital outpatients aged ≥18 years and prescribed ONS by a dietitian at a Swedish hospital were referred to the study from September 2016 to February 2017. Data were collected from structured telephone interviews, medical records, and a register of ONS delivered. Adherence to ONS was measured by dividing self‐reported intake of ONS (frequency question and 24‐hour recall question) by the amount prescribed and using the medication possession ratio (MPR).ResultsOf the 96 patients included (mean age 67 ± 13 years), 52% were male. The 2 most frequent medical diagnoses were malignancy and digestive system disease. Mean adherence to ONS was 93% measured by the frequency question, 87% measured by the 24‐hour recall question, and 76% according to MPR. The majority of the patients (83%) were prescribed 1–3 bottles of ONS/day. The average number of flavors of ONS delivered was 4.2. Before prescription, 69% of the patients had been allowed to taste the ONS and 92% had chosen the flavors to be prescribed. Over 75% liked the taste of the ONS and considered them to be good for their health.ConclusionsAdherence to ONS was high in this population, which might be explained by the individual tailoring of ONS prescriptions by a dietitian, positive experiences of ONS, and the relatively young mean age of the participants.
Grubbs Catalysts Immobilized on Merrifield Resin for Metathesis of Leaf Alcohols by using a Convenient Recycling Approach
Authors: Xia Liang , Peng Tao , Wang Gang , Wen Xiaoxue , Zhang Shouguo , Wang Lin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThree new types of heterogeneous catalysts were prepared using a facile approach by the immobilization of Grubbs catalysts on PEGylated Merrifield resin. One of the immobilized catalysts was more efficient than the free catalyst for the metathesis of leaf alcohols in conversion and selectivity and was reused repeatedly (up to 5 cycles) with only a slight loss of activity (10.5 %). The long‐chain PEGylated linker provided an appropriate distance between the resin and the catalytic center so that the ruthenium catalysts acted as the free catalyst.
Effect of an α‐Methyl Substituent on the Dienophile on Diels‐Alder endo:exo Selectivity
Authors: Larrañaga Olatz , de Cózar Abel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA detailed computational study of the Diels‐Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with acrylonitrile, methylacrylate and their α‐methylated counterparts methacrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate at the M06‐2X(PCM)/TZVP level of theory has been performed. We want to understand the excellent exo‐selectivities observed experimentally due the presence of this substituent. To this end, analysis of the reaction coordinate by means of activation strain model of chemical reactivity (ASM‐distortion interaction model) including solvation effects and NBO second order perturbation energy have been carried out.
In‐depth analysis of crocetin ester glycosides from dried/processed stigmas of Crocus sativus L. by HPLC‐ESI‐MSn (n = 2, 3)
Authors: Pittenauer Ernst , Rados Edita , Tsarbopoulos Anthony , Allmaier Günter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionSaffron stigmas from Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) are used as a drug in folk medicine, as a food additive and as a dying agent for at least 3500 years. Despite this long‐term use the chemical composition of saffron seems still to be not fully known.ObjectiveAn analytical strategy for detailed investigations of aqueous saffron extract is developed based on reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation (HPLC‐ESI) multistage mass spectrometry (MSn) for crocins.MethodsCommercially available stigmas are analysed by reverse‐phase HPLC in combination with ESI/three‐dimensional (3D)‐ion trap mass spectrometry (MS) and MSn (n = 2 and 3). Sodium chloride is added to the analyte solution ready for injection to promote abundant [M + Na]+ adduct ions of crocins, being ideal precursor ions for low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID)‐MS2/3.ResultsThis strategy allows the detailed structural elucidation of known as well as previously unknown crocin derivatives (molecular mass of the aglycon, oligosaccharide chain length and linkage determination). The two isomeric trisaccharide substituents neapolitanose and gentiotriose are distinguished based on linkage‐specific cross‐ring cleavage for the first time. Furthermore, crocins containing up to six hexose units are also observed. Five novel crocin ester glycosides shifted by a mass difference of −40 Da indicate the presence of the here newly described C17‐aglycon, termed norcrocetin (crocetin = C20).ConclusionsThese findings indicate the action of at least two different carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD2 and tentatively CCD4) during biosynthesis of this new bis‐apocarotenoid aglycon (norcrocetin) and the existence of even higher glycosylated crocin derivatives at trace level.
Mechanisms of adhesion degradation at the photovoltiac module's cell metallization‐encapsulant interface
Authors: Bosco Nick , Moffitt Stephanie , Schelhas Laura T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAdhesion measurements and chemical characterization of the encapsulant/silver metallization interface of a photovoltaic (PV) module through temperature, humidity, and voltage bias exposures were conducted. Results demonstrate two independent degradation mechanisms: (a) with voltage bias, the ionic conduction of Na+ ions through the encapsulant results in the formation of sodium silicate at the silver metallization surface, thereby weakening that interface and (b) with moisture ingress, dissociation of the silane bonding to silver in the silver oxide similarly weakens this interface resulting in significantly lower debond energies.
Greenhouse gas formation in ice wedges at Cyuie, central Yakutia
Authors: Kim Kyungmin , Yang Ji‐Woong , Yoon Hyunsuk , Byun Eunji , Fedorov Alexander , Ryu Yeongjun , Ahn Jinho 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGreenhouse gases (GHGs) trapped in ice wedges may provide useful information on biogeochemical environments in ground ice. Previous studies have reported highly elevated CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios in ice wedges. However, N2O mixing ratios in ice wedges remain unknown. Here, we present CO2, CH4 and N2O mixing ratios in bubbles and plausible mechanisms of GHG formation for two lakeside ice wedges at Cyuie village near Yakutsk. The CO2 gas age corresponds to the Last Glacial Maximum (18–19 ka). The δ(N2/Ar) values and bubble shapes indicate that the ice wedges formed by dry snow compaction rather than snowmelt water refreezing, while the δ18O and δD values of the ice indicate changes in the source area location and/or the climate during the Last Glacial Maximum. Using a dry extraction method, we obtained gas mixing ratios of 7–13% CO2, 5–130 ppm CH4 and 100–5000 ppb N2O. The δ(O2/Ar) values imply that most of the O2 was consumed by biological respiration. The CH4 is negatively correlated with N2O and CO2. The N2O might have inhibited CH4 production.
Terbutaline alleviates the lung injury in the neonatal rats exposed to endotoxin: Potential roles of epithelial sodium channels
Authors: Lu Keyu , Chen Xu , Zhu Weiwei , Mao Xiaonan , Yang Yang , Qiu Jie , Zhang Mingshun , Cheng Rui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntrauterine inflammation generates inflammatory mediators that damage the developing bronchoalveolar epithelium, resulting in neonatal lung injury. Lung fluid transport disorders are the main reasons for the development of pulmonary edema, an important pathology of lung injury. Previous studies suggested that epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) play an important role in lung fluid transport. Here, we investigated whether changes in the expression of ENaCs were observed when neonatal rat lung injury was induced by maternal exposure to endotoxin. We also examined the therapeutic effect of terbutaline nebulizer inhalation on this injury. The results showed that maternal exposure to endotoxin increased the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, suppressed α‐, β‐, γ‐ENaC in the neonatal rat lung, and resulted in the formation of pulmonary edema on postnatal days 1 and 7. Terbutaline up‐regulated the expression of β‐ and γ‐ENaC in the distal lung after 7 days of treatment. The potential signal molecules cAMP, PKA, and CREB expressions were increased after terbutaline treatment. In summary, maternal exposure to endotoxin decreased the expression of ENaCs in neonatal rats which, in turn, may exacerbate pulmonary edema. Inhalation of the β2‐adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline improved lung liquid clearance. By increasing the expression of sodium ion channels, the effective removal of alveolar fluid provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of neonatal lung injury.
Genetic determinants of acute asthma therapy response in children with moderate‐to‐severe asthma exacerbations
Authors: Tse Sze Man , Krajinovic Maja , Chauhan Bhupendrasinh F. , Zemek Roger , Gravel Jocelyn , Chalut Dominic , Poonai Naveen , Quach Caroline , Laberge Sophie , Ducharme Francine M. ,   for the DOORWAY research group of the Pediatric Emergency Research in Canada (PERC) network
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe documented inter‐individual variability in the response to acute asthma therapy in children, attributed in part to five clinical factors (oxygen saturation, asthma severity score, virus detection, fever, symptoms between exacerbations; DOORWAY study). The contribution of genetic determinants of failure of acute asthma management have not been elucidated.ObjectiveWe aim to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with emergency department (ED) management failure in children.MethodsA prospective cohort of 591 Caucasian children aged 1‐17 years with moderate‐to‐severe asthma managed with standardized protocol were included. We examined 53 SNPs previously associated with asthma development, phenotypes, or bronchodilator or corticosteroids response. Associations between SNPs and management failure (hospitalization, active asthma management ≥8 h in ED, or a return visit within 72 h for one of two previous criteria) were examined using logistic regression, adjusting for the five clinical predictors of management failure.ResultsFour‐hundred ninety‐one subjects had complete clinical data and usable DNA samples. While controlling for clinical determinants, rs295137 in SPATS2L (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.17, 2.68) was significantly associated with increased odds of ED management failure. Two SNPs in IL33 were associated with decreased odds of ED management failure: rs7037276 (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.33, 0.90), and rs1342326 (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.32, 0.86). The addition of these three SNPs to the clinical predictors significantly improved the model's predictive performance (P < 0.0004).ConclusionThree SNPs were significantly associated with ED management failure in addition to clinical predictors, contributing to inter‐individual variability. None has been previously associated with treatment response to acute asthma management.
Preparation of a Boronate‐Functionalized Affinity Silica Hybrid Monolith Column for the Specific Capture of Nucleosides
Authors: Zheng Hongwei , Lin Hong , Sui Jianxin , Yin Jialuo , Wang Bocheng , Pavase Tushar Ramesh , Cao Limin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, a boronate affinity silica hybrid monolith was prepared for specific capture of nucleosides at physiological condition. An amino‐functionalized monolith was first synthesized via one‐step procedure in an empty HPLC column, then the fluorophenylboronic acid ligand was covalently immobilized on the amino‐functionalized hybrid monolith via in‐column reduction by sodium cyanoborohydride to form a boronate affinity silica hybrid monolith at room temperature (nearly 25°C). The mechanical stability and permeability of the boronate affinity hybrid monolith were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The boronate affinity silica hybrid monolith exhibited excellent specificity toward nucleosides and could bind with cis‐diol containing compounds at low pH (6.5). The binding capacity of the monolith for adenosine was nearly 693 μg/mL even at pH 6.5. Furthermore, the boronate affinity monolith was applied to the separation of nucleosides from urine sample at physiological condition. The obtained result revealed that the monolith could enrich nucleosides effectively with a good repeatability. The recovery values for the four nucleosides spiked at the concentration of 4 μg/mL were observed in the range of 76.58 ‐ 83.01%, and the RSDs were < 7.65%, respectively.
Bis‐Pyridyl Diimines as Selective and Ratiometric Chemosensor for Ni(II) and Cd(II) Metal Ions
Authors: Das Moyna , Sarkar Madhushree 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA pyridyl based Schiff base compound, (1E,1′E)‐N,N′‐(butane‐1,4‐diyl)bis(1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)methanimine) (2pdab) was observed to serve as a highly selective and sensitive ratiometric chemosensor for Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions. Mole ratio method and Yoe Jone's method showed a 1:1 binding mode of metal ions (Ni2+ and Cd2+) with 2pdab, while a binding constant of 26.88 ×106 L/mol and 4.29×106 L/mol, for Ni2+ and Cd2+, respectively, was determined. The limit of detection of 2pdab in sensing Ni2+ and Cd2+ was observed to be 3.08 μM and 1.4688 μM, respectively. The selectivity of 2pdab to detect Cd2+ and Ni2+ among various other competitive ions was also studied. The sensor, 2pdab, was applied in real time application for detection of nickel ion in river water sample.