bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Septic Shock Shapes B Cell Response toward an Exhausted-like/Immunoregulatory Profile in Patients
Authors: Gustave Claude-Alexandre , Gossez Morgane , Demaret Julie , Rimmelé Thomas , Lepape Alain , Malcus Christophe , Poitevin-Later Françoise , Jallades Laurent , Textoris Julien , Monneret Guillaume , Venet Fabienne 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Septic shock is accompanied by the development of immune dysfunctions whose intensity and duration are associated with increased risk of secondary infections and mortality. Although B lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the immune response to infections, no comprehensive exploration of circulating B cell status has been performed during the immunosuppressive phase of septic shock. Thus, our aim was to extensively characterize the phenotype and function of B cells in septic shock, including IL-10 production. Circulating B lymphocyte phenotype and function were evaluated by flow cytometry on fresh whole blood and after ex vivo stimulation in adult septic shock patients sampled at day 1, 3, and 6 after the onset of shock. The circulating B cell number was reduced in septic shock patients, whereas the B cell proportion among total lymphocytes was increased. The remaining circulating B lymphocytes presented with decreased MHC class II expression and increased CD21low CD95high exhausted-like phenotype but showed no change in maturation status. Circulating B cell functions were markedly altered after sepsis with reduced ex vivo activation and proliferation capacities. Finally, B cell response after septic shock was characterized by a clear plasmacytosis and an increased IL-10 production in remaining B cells from patients after ex vivo stimulation. During the sepsis-induced immunosuppression phase, B cell response is altered and is oriented toward an exhausted-like/immunoregulatory profile. Further studies are now needed to confirm the immunoregulatory properties of B lymphocytes and evaluate their role in sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
Use of pulmonary function test demographic data to identify high-risk patients for lung cancer screening
Authors: Jimenez Amanda R. , Weiss Arielle Shaeffer , Campagna Anthony C. 
Published: February 2018

Lung Cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related death in the United States. We have recognized a need for novel methods of identification and consideration of enrollment into a lung cancer screening program for those at the highest risk of lung cancer. Our primary goal was to determine if pulmonary function test (PFT) demographic data would be useful in identifying patients for lung cancer screening. We retrospectively reviewed PFTs performed at Lahey Hospital & Medical Center (LHMC) January 2012 through January 2013 and found that of patients identified as high risk of lung cancer, 89% had passed through our PFT lab but had not yet been screened. Investigation into the barriers of lung cancer screening to better understand how to increase appropriate enrollment then followed. A total of 3098 PFTs were reviewed from January 2012 through January 2013 and 634 patients (20%) were identified as high risk for lung cancer.Â Of 634 patients, 70 (11%) were already in the LHMC lung cancer screening program. The remaining 564 patients (89%) were not enrolled, and of these, it was found that 292 patients identified as high risk for lung cancer represented missed opportunities for screening. The remaining 272 patients were appropriately not screened with the three most common reasons being prior imaging with positive finding, lung cancer within five years, and provider discussed but scan not yet performed. Appropriate enrollment in a lung cancer screening program may be increased with the careful use of demographic data obtained from a PFT lab.Â
Comprehensive Revenue and Expense Data Collection Methodology for Teaching Health Centers: A Model for Accountable Graduate Medical Education Financing
Authors: Regenstein Marsha , Snyder John E. , Jewers Mariellen Malloy , Nocella Kiki , Mullan Fitzhugh 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite considerable federal investment, graduate medical education financing is neither transparent for estimating residency training costs nor accountable for effectively producing a physician workforce that matches the nation's health care needs. The Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education (THCGME) program's authorization in 2010 provided an opportunity to establish a more transparent financing mechanism.

Objective
We developed a standardized methodology for quantifying the necessary investment to train primary care physicians in high-need communities.

Methods
The THCGME Costing Instrument was designed utilizing guidance from site visits, financial documentation, and expert review. It collects educational outlays, patient service expenses and revenues from residents' ambulatory and inpatient care, and payer mix. The instrument was fielded from April to November 2015 in 43 THCGME-funded residency programs of varying specialties and organizational structures.

Results
Of the 43 programs, 36 programs (84%) submitted THCGME Costing Instruments. The THCGME Costing Instrument collected standardized, detailed cost data on residency labor (n = 36), administration and educational outlays (n = 33), ambulatory care visits and payer mix (n = 30), patient service expenses (n =  26), and revenues generated by residents (n = 26), in contrast to Medicare cost reports, which include only costs incurred by residency programs.

Conclusions
The THCGME Costing Instrument provides a model for calculating evidence-based costs and revenues of community-based residency programs, and it enhances accountability by offering an approach that estimates residency costs and revenues in a range of settings. The instrument may have feasibility and utility for application in other residency training settings.
Shaftesbury, Locke, and Their Revolutionary Letter?
Authors: DeLuna D. N. 
Published: February 2018

A corrigendum for this article was published in vol. 18 of Locke Studies available here. Scholars are kindly asked to reference the corrigendum only and not this version of the article.
Late in 1675, the anonymous Letter from a Person of Quality, to His Friend in the Country was condemned in the House of Lords as a ‘dangerous Book’, indeed a ‘lying, scandalous, and seditious Book’. The Peers ordered it to be burned by the public hangman, and opened an investigation designed to discover its author, printer, and publisher. About this search and its success in tracking the author(s) down, very little is known. But as J. R. Milton and Philip Milton, who included the pamphlet in their Clarendon edition of John Locke’s Essay Concerning Toleration and his Other Writings on Law and Politics, 1667–1683, have pointed out, ‘no one has ever doubted that it was written by someone in Shaftesbury’s circle and for Shaftesbury’s purposes. John Locke, Shaftesbury’s secretary at the time, has long been a suspected collaborator in its production.
Designing and Implementing Emergency Department Pain Management Curriculum: A Delphi Approach
Authors: Paziana Karolina , Timpano Edmund , Stolbach Andrew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesOur primary objective was to use the Delphi method (DM) to choose learning objectives for an Internet‐based pain management teaching module for emergency care providers. The DM is a structured communication technique that uses systematic, interactive data gathering to reach a consensus among a panel of experts.MethodsWe extracted preliminary educational objectives from nationwide pain fellowship training programs. After redundant objectives and those relating to procedures outside the scope of emergency medicine (EM) were removed, 23 preliminary objectives remained. We enlisted experts in EM, medical toxicology, anesthesia, pain, psychiatry, and medical education to evaluate the objectives in repeated rounds. Based on the time we had designated for teaching (3 hours) and our estimate of 15 to 20 minutes for each learning objective, we aimed for nine to 12 final learning objectives. The expert panel rated the 23 preliminary objectives with a 5‐point Likert scale. Experts were blinded to each other's answers. When 80% of experts agreed with proposed objectives, objectives were considered “accepted” and retained. When 80% of experts disagreed with proposed objectives, the objectives were considered “rejected” and discarded. The remaining objectives were considered in subsequent rounds. In the first round, one objective was rejected and four were accepted. In the second round, four objectives were rejected and five were accepted. Having reached nine objectives the panel unanimously agreed that the nine objectives were sufficient to be used as a foundation for teaching modules.ResultsUsing the DM, our expert panel identified nine educational objectives that were used as the foundation for an educational module. Of the nine objectives, three were categorized as “medical knowledge,” two as “pharmacologic knowledge,” two as “patient communication,” and two as “systems‐based practice.” The learning objectives are as follows: recognize common barriers to treating pain; understand alternative interventional therapies used to treat different kinds of pain their implications, benefits, and risks; identify common component symptoms that may exacerbate chronic pain (i.e., depression, anxiety, delirium, cachexia, dyspnea); study the major drug groups used to treat different kinds of pain; recognize the risks of polypharmacy; set realistic expectations with patients early in their presentation to the emergency department (ED); educate patients as the risks of different classes of pain medications, including risk of addiction; understand the legal and regulatory issues that govern pain management in the ED; and understand in‐hospital resources available for patient follow up and referral to pain clinics.ConclusionsWe successfully used the DM to develop educational objectives for an e‐learning module. Further work should evaluate educational outcomes of the teaching module.
Electrochemical Exfoliation of Pillared‐Layer Metal–Organic Framework to Boost the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Jin , Li Yun , Huang Rui‐Kang , He Chun‐Ting , Gong Li , Hu Qiong , Wang Lishi , Xu Yan‐Tong , Tian Xiao‐Yun , Liu Si‐Yang , Ye Zi‐Ming , Wang Fuxin , Zhou Dong‐Dong , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Zhang Jie‐Peng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials and ultrathin nanosheets are advantageous for elevating the catalysis performance and elucidating the catalysis mechanism of heterogeneous catalysts, but they are mostly restricted to inorganic or organic materials based on covalent bonds. We report an electrochemical/chemical exfoliation strategy for synthesizing metal–organic 2D materials based on coordination bonds. A catechol functionalized ligand is used as the redox active pillar to construct a pillared‐layer framework. When the 3D pillared‐layer MOF serves as an electrocatalyst for water oxidation (pH 13), the pillar ligands can be oxidized in situ and removed. The remaining ultrathin (2 nm) nanosheets of the metal–organic layers are an efficient catalyst with overpotentials as low as 211 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a turnover frequency as high as 30 s−1 at an overpotential of 300 mV.
High‐performance polymeric materials with greatly improved mechanical and thermal properties from cyanate ester/benzoxazine resin reinforced by silane‐treated basalt fibers
Authors: Zegaoui Abdeldjalil , Derradji Mehdi , Ma Ruikun , Cai Wan‐An , Liu Wen‐Bin , Wang Jun , Dayo Abdul Qadeer , Song Sha , Zhang Li‐Li 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThis present article investigates the effect of silane‐treated basalt fibers (TBFs) on the morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of cyanate ester/benzoxazine (CE/BOZ) resin composites. The characterization was made using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), flexural test, impact strength (IS) test, microhardness test, dynamic scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical test results inferred the distinctive improvements in the values of the flexural strength and modulus, IS, and microhardness of the CE/BOZ composites. The thermal stabilities in terms of the Tg, T5%, T10%, and THRI were appreciably improved and were higher than those of the pure CE/BOZ resin. Data from the SEM and FTIR tests ascertained the good dispersion and adhesion between the TBFs and the resin matrix, which might be behind the significant enhancement in the ultimate performances of the composites, with respect to the distinguished properties of BFs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46283.
Fabrication and characterization of food‐grade fibers from mixtures of maltodextrin and whey protein isolate using needleless electrospinning
Authors: Kutzli Ines , Gibis Monika , Baier Stefan K. , Weiss Jochen 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTFood‐grade fibers were fabricated from dispersions of maltodextrin and whey protein isolate (WPI) using needleless electrospinning. Two maltodextrins (DE 2) from different starch sources were used and the maltodextrin/WPI ratio was varied. Molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity, entanglement concentration, shear stability, and electrical conductivity were studied as function of maltodextrin type and mixing ratio and correlated to fiber production rate and morphology. The results show that a high molecular weight of the maltodextrin was beneficial to its spinnability. Waxy potato starch maltodextrin (P‐MD) (Mw = 129.6 kDa) and WPI produced fibers with diameters between 1.40 and 1.67 µm at production rates up to 1.65 g/h; while the dispersions with waxy maize starch maltodextrin (M‐MD) (Mw = 85.9 kDa) showed poor spinnability and ruptured fibers. P‐MD/WPI dispersions had a higher viscosity and stronger shear thinning behavior attributed to a stronger entangled polymer network which is beneficial to electrospinning. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46328.
Insulin‐like growth factor 2: a poor prognostic biomarker linked to racial disparity in women with uterine carcinosarcoma
Authors: Van Arsdale Anne R. , Arend Rebecca C. , Cossio Maria J. , Erickson Britt K. , Wang Yanhua , Doo David W. , Leath Charles A. , Goldberg Gary L. , Huang Gloria S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression and survival in women with uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). Insulin‐like growth factor 2 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues from 103 patients with UCS. The H‐score (product of staining intensity and percentage positive cells) was quantified for the epithelial cytoplasmic (EC), epithelial nuclear (EN), and malignant stromal compartments. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the relationship of IGF2 levels with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Adjusting for stage, race, and adjuvant therapy, PFS and OS were reduced in patients with high IGF2 (H‐score ≥ median) in the EC and EN compartments. Black race was independently associated with reduced PFS and OS in patients with early‐stage disease, and IGF2 levels in the EC were higher in black than in white patients (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test). In a race‐stratified multivariable analysis, high IGF2 in the epithelial compartments more than doubled the risk of death in black women; HR = 2.43 (95% CI: 1.18–5.01, P = 0.02) for high IGF2 in the EC; and HR = 2.34 (95% CI: 1.25–4.39, P = 0.008) for high IGF2 in the EN. In conclusion, high tumor IGF2 expression is an independent risk factor for reduced PFS and OS in UCS. Black women have elevated tumor IGF2 compared with white women, and decreased survival associated with high IGF2. These findings identify IGF2 as a candidate biomarker for survival linked to racial disparity in women with UCS.
Separation of positional isomers of nine 2‐phenethylamine‐derived designer drugs by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Grumann Christina , Auwärter Volker 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of positional isomers of designer drugs is a common way of bypassing legal restrictions. For forensic case work, and especially for the legal assessment of cases, there is a need for screening methods capable of the unequivocal identification of positional isomers. The presented liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS) method facilitates separation of positional isomers of 9 2‐phenethylamine‐derived designer drugs in different matrices including seized materials, hair, serum, and urine specimens. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a biphenyl phase using gradient elution with a total runtime of 26 minutes. The limit of detection was 25 pg/mg for hair samples and ranged from 0.1 ng/mL to 0.5 ng/mL for serum and from 0.2 ng/mL to 1.2 ng/mL for urine samples. The method proved to be selective and sensitive and showed good chromatographic resolution (R ≥ 1.2). The method was successfully applied to routine case samples.
Fresh is best: Accurate SNP genotyping from koala scats
Authors: Schultz Anthony J. , Cristescu Romane H. , Littleford‐Colquhoun Bethan L. , Jaccoud Damian , Frère Céline H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMaintaining genetic diversity is a crucial component in conserving threatened species. For the iconic Australian koala, there is little genetic information on wild populations that is not either skewed by biased sampling methods (e.g., sampling effort skewed toward urban areas) or of limited usefulness due to low numbers of microsatellites used. The ability to genotype DNA extracted from koala scats using next‐generation sequencing technology will not only help resolve location sample bias but also improve the accuracy and scope of genetic analyses (e.g., neutral vs. adaptive genetic diversity, inbreeding, and effective population size). Here, we present the successful SNP genotyping (1272 SNP loci) of koala DNA extracted from scat, using a proprietary DArTseq™ protocol. We compare genotype results from two‐day‐old scat DNA and 14‐day‐old scat DNA to a blood DNA template, to test accuracy of scat genotyping. We find that DNA from fresher scat results in fewer loci with missing information than DNA from older scat; however, 14‐day‐old scat can still provide useful genetic information, depending on the research question. We also find that a subset of 209 conserved loci can accurately identify individual koalas, even from older scat samples. In addition, we find that DNA sequences identified from scat samples through the DArTseq™ process can provide genetic identification of koala diet species, bacterial and viral pathogens, and parasitic organisms.
Timing and technique impact the effectiveness of road‐based, mobile acoustic surveys of bats
Authors: D'Acunto Laura E. , Pauli Benjamin P. , Moy Mikko , Johnson Kiara , Abu‐Omar Jasmine , Zollner Patrick A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMobile acoustic surveys are a common method of surveying bat communities. However, there is a paucity of empirical studies exploring different methods for conducting mobile road surveys of bats. During 2013, we conducted acoustic mobile surveys on three routes in north‐central Indiana, U.S.A., using (1) a standard road survey, (2) a road survey where the vehicle stopped for 1 min at every half mile of the survey route (called a “start‐stop method”), and (3) a road survey with an individual using a bicycle. Linear mixed models with multiple comparison procedures revealed that when all bat passes were analyzed, using a bike to conduct mobile surveys detected significantly more bat passes per unit time compared to other methods. However, incorporating genus‐level comparisons revealed no advantage to using a bike over vehicle‐based methods. We also found that survey method had a significant effect when analyses were limited to those bat passes that could be identified to genus, with the start–stop method generally detecting more identifiable passes than the standard protocol or bike survey. Additionally, we found that significantly more identifiable bat passes (particularly those of the Eptesicus and Lasiurus genera) were detected in surveys conducted immediately following sunset. As governing agencies, particularly in North America, implement vehicle‐based bat monitoring programs, it is important for researchers to understand how variations on protocols influence the inference that can be gained from different monitoring schemes.
Insectivorous bats respond to vegetation complexity in urban green spaces
Authors: Suarez‐Rubio Marcela , Ille Christina , Bruckner Alexander 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStructural complexity is known to determine habitat quality for insectivorous bats, but how bats respond to habitat complexity in highly modified areas such as urban green spaces has been little explored. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether a recently developed measure of structural complexity is as effective as field‐based surveys when applied to urban environments. We assessed whether image‐derived structural complexity (MIG) was as/more effective than field‐based descriptors in this environment and evaluated the response of insectivorous bats to structural complexity in urban green spaces. Bat activity and species richness were assessed with ultrasonic devices at 180 locations within green spaces in Vienna, Austria. Vegetation complexity was assessed using 17 field‐based descriptors and by calculating the mean information gain (MIG) using digital images. Total bat activity and species richness decreased with increasing structural complexity of canopy cover, suggesting maneuverability and echolocation (sensorial) challenges for bat species using the canopy for flight and foraging. The negative response of functional groups to increased complexity was stronger for open‐space foragers than for edge‐space foragers. Nyctalus noctula, a species foraging in open space, showed a negative response to structural complexity, whereas Pipistrellus pygmaeus, an edge‐space forager, was positively influenced by the number of trees. Our results show that MIG is a useful, time‐ and cost‐effective tool to measure habitat complexity that complemented field‐based descriptors. Response of insectivorous bats to structural complexity was group‐ and species‐specific, which highlights the need for manifold management strategies (e.g., increasing or reinstating the extent of ground vegetation cover) to fulfill different species’ requirements and to conserve insectivorous bats in urban green spaces.
Usefulness of ultrasonography in diagnosis, percutaneous management and follow up of post‐traumatic scalp pseudoaneurysms
Authors: Srinivasan Sivasubramanian , Lohan Rahul , Tan Hsien Khai , Chung Raymond , Babu Suresh B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPseudoaneurysms of the scalp are rare. Most common etiology is trauma. The patients usually present clinically with persistent painful swelling in the scalp few days after the trauma. The lesion may or may not be pulsatile clinically. Ultrasonography (US) is the best modality to assess these pseudoaneurysms. It not only helps in the diagnosis, but also to trace the offending arterial branch and helps in treatment. We present two cases of post‐traumatic scalp pseudoaneurysms which were diagnosed with US and were managed by US‐guided thrombin injection. Follow up US showed complete resolution. We highlight the importance of US scan in diagnosis, management, and follow up of scalp pseudoaneurysms.