bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Risk Factors and Image Findings of Isolated Abdominal Incidentally Detected Aortic Dissection
Authors: Tsubouchi Hiromasa , Onishi Hidenori , Maeno Koji , Nakagaichi Masaya , Tsukushi Ikue , Kitano Youichi , Makino Yoshitaka , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Terasawa Hidekazu , Kabuto Hiroko , Misawa Toshihiro , Sanada Taku , Hisada Azusa , Notsumata Kazuo , Okafuji Kazuhiro , Yamamura Osamu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIsolated abdominal aortic dissection (IAAD) has been reported to account for 1.1%–4.1% of all aortic dissections. If detected late, it is associated with a risk of aortic rupture. We investigated the risk factors and characteristic imaging findings of incidentally discovered IAAD using abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) during health check‐up and hereby report our findings.MethodsThe study sample included 41 patients with abdominal aortic abnormalities identified by AUS performed during a health check‐up at our hospital and who were diagnosed with IAAD by contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT); in addition, 205 patients were included in the nonevent group. Furthermore, risk factors and characteristic imaging findings of IAAD were examined retrospectively.ResultsCompared with the nonevent group, smoking and fatty liver were observed significantly more frequently in the IAAD group. Ultrasound findings indicated an intimal flap in 35 cases (85.4%), whereas CT scan revealed displacement of intimal calcifications in 32 cases (78.0%).ConclusionCompared with the nonevent group, there were significantly more cases of fatty liver and smoking habits in the IAAD group. In older patients with risk factors for fatty liver and smoking habits, if IAAD is suspected, it is important to monitor the abdominal aorta using ultrasonography during health check‐ups.
Natural Course of the Maxillary Sinus Fungus Ball: Results From Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare Center
Authors: Han Seung Cheol , Bae Junhyung , Park Jin‐A , Lee Ji Ye , Anatriera Sumarsono Raden A. , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Shim Ye Ji , Han Doo Hee 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThe frequency of paranasal sinus fungus balls, a common form of rhinosinusitis, has increased. Although treatment and causative factors have been well investigated, the evolving nature of the fungal balls remains unelucidated. This study aimed to investigate and analyze the changing patterns of fungus balls.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed data from 35 participants selected from a pool of 41,497 patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a large health care center. The extent of the fungus balls was evaluated by grading them from 1 to 4 based on the MR images. The changing process of the fungus ball was analyzed based on demographics, interval between the MRI scans, comorbidities, and specific dental interventions.ResultsThe fungus ball grades showed significant progression over time. In the analysis of 29 sinuses with initially low‐grade (grades 0, 1, and 2) fungus balls, 15 sinuses showed a grade change <2 (no/minimal change group), whereas 14 sinuses showed grade changes of ≥2 (substantial change group). Intergroup comparison showed that only the interval between the initial and final MRI scans differed significantly (p = 0.008). However, factors, such as age, sex, comorbidities, and history of dental procedures, did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionThis study shows the extent of change in fungus balls, primarily over time. These results offer critical insights into the natural course and progression of the maxillary sinus fungus ball.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Field monitoring of copepodamides using a new application for solid phase adsorption toxin tracking
Authors: Trapp Aubrey , Selander Erik , Peacock Melissa , Kudela Raphael M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChemical signaling is ubiquitous in the marine environment. Plankton rely on chemical signals to find mates, hunt prey, and respond to threats, and these small‐scale interactions can propagate into community‐wide cascades and large‐scale ecological changes. The chemical signaling exchange in the open ocean is poorly understood, and fundamental information about concentrations and spatiotemporal variability is lacking. Passive sampling has been used to monitor a wide range of dissolved chemicals, including anthropogenic pollutants and harmful algal toxins, but it is not generally applied to the study of marine chemical ecology. Here we test the compatibility of two resins commonly used for passive sampling via solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT), Diaion® HP20 and Sepabeads® SP207, with copepodamides, a group of polar lipid signaling compounds produced by copepods. We developed extraction and analysis methods that align with current SPATT practices for algal toxins and show the first measurements of copepodamides from Monterey Bay in California. In lab trials, mean copepodamide recovery from HP20 resin was approximately 240% greater than SP207. In addition, copepodamides were found to have a mean half‐life of 34 h in seawater. Adsorption to HP20 stabilized dissolved copepodamides, increasing the mean recovery after 168 h from 0.62% in seawater to 65.2% from SPATT. Results suggest that SPATT is a sensitive and effective tool for obtaining integrated copepodamide concentrations, spotlighting a novel method to include information from copepod mesozooplankton in time series and field studies.
Industrial‐grade 2‐μm ultrafast fiber laser CPA for silicon processing
Authors: Gaida Christian , Heuermann Tobias , Breitkopf Sven , Eidam Tino , Limpert Jens 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel compact laser utilizing thulium‐based fiber chirped‐pulse amplification (CPA) technology has been developed to enable essential tasks such as microwelding or the precision cutting of filaments with semiconductors such as silicon. At a central wavelength of 2 μm, the activeTwo‐15 provides pulse energies exceeding 100 μJ and an average power output surpassing 15 W, and can be seamlessly integrated into systems for materials processing.
Integrative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Profiling Reveals the Salt‐Responsive Mechanisms in Two Rice Varieties (Oryza Sativa subsp. Japonica and Indica)
Authors: Min Cheol Woo , Gupta Ravi , Lee Gi Hyun , Cho Jun‐Hyeon , Kim Yu‐Jin , Wang Yiming , Jung Ki‐Hong , Kim Sun Tae 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSalinity stress induces ionic and osmotic imbalances in rice plants that in turn negatively affect the photosynthesis rate, resulting in growth retardation and yield penalty. Efforts have, therefore, been carried out to understand the mechanism of salt tolerance, however, the complexity of biological processes at proteome levels remains a major challenge. Here, we performed a comparative proteome and phosphoproteome profiling of microsome enriched fractions of salt‐tolerant (cv. IR73; indica) and salt‐susceptible (cv. Dongjin/DJ; japonica) rice varieties. This approach led to the identification of 5856 proteins, of which 473 and 484 proteins showed differential modulation between DJ and IR73 sample sets, respectively. The phosphoproteome analysis led to the identification of a total of 10,873 phosphopeptides of which 2929 and 3049 phosphopeptides showed significant differences in DJ and IR73 sample sets, respectively. The integration of proteome and phosphoproteome data showed activation of ABA and Ca2+ signaling components exclusively in the salt‐tolerant variety IR73 in response to salinity stress. Taken together, our results highlight the changes at proteome and phosphoproteome levels and provide a mechanistic understanding of salinity stress tolerance in rice.
Manifold and spatiotemporal learning on multispectral unoccupied aerial system imagery for phenotype prediction
Authors: Farag Fared , Huggins Trevis D. , Edwards Jeremy D. , McClung Anna M. , Hashem Ahmed A. , Causey Jason L. , Bellis Emily S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTimeseries data captured by unoccupied aircraft systems (UASs) are increasingly used for agricultural applications requiring accurate prediction of plant phenotypes from remotely sensed imagery. However, prediction models often fail to generalize well from one year to the next or to new environments. Here, we investigate the ability of various machine learning (ML) approaches to improve yield prediction accuracy in new environments from multispectral timeseries imagery acquired on a set of rice (Oryza sativa L.) experiments with different management treatments and varieties. We also trained deep learning models that perform automated feature extraction and compared these against a suite of other approaches. We observed similar performance on a held‐out growing season for a spatiotemporal model (a three‐dimensional convolutional neural network) trained on raw images compared to simpler workflows using dimension reduction of manually extracted features from temporal imagery (i.e., vegetation indices and image texture properties). Manifold learning on raw imagery was better suited for the prediction of phenological traits due to the preservation of local structure in image embeddings at some time points. Together, these results highlight the competitiveness of classical ML approaches for UAS image analysis alongside computationally expensive deep learning models. Along with a new benchmark dataset for rice, our results help extend the toolkit for UAS image analysis, contributing to improved phenotype prediction in plant breeding and precision agriculture applications.
Dihydro‐1H‐Pyrazoles as Donor Blocks in Donor–Acceptor Chromophores for Electro‐Optics: A DFT Study of Hyperpolaizability and Electronic Excitations
Authors: Ishchenko Roman , Shelkovnikov Vladimir 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA diverse set of promising donors for donor–acceptor chromophores based on dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole (pyrazoline) for use in electro‐optics was investigated using DFT at M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level of theory. These calculations showed that it is possible to achieve a molecular hyperpolarizability of up to 1700*10−30 esu (up to three times higher compared to conventional diethylaniline donors) for a simple tricyanofuran‐based acceptor by carefully tuning the donor structure. It was shown that the molecular hyperpolarizability is mainly affected by the substituents in the aryl rings in positions 3 and 1 of the pyrazoline cycle, while the substituents of the aryl ring in position 5 and the pyrazoline ring itself can be varied without significant effects on the hyperpolarizability. For one of the compounds, a detailed study of the lowest energy electronic excitation was performed using the TD‐DFT, confirming the role of the pyrazoline ring as a secondary donor.
Taking Application Rates With a Grain of Salt: Uncovering the Impact of Road De‐Icing Salt on Freshwaters of a Mountain Catchment in the Italian Alps
Authors: Scotti Alberto , Klotz Johannes , Marsoner Thomas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWhile application of salt for de‐icing purposes has been extensively studied in urban areas of North America, little attention has been paid to it in Europe, particularly in mountain areas. Here, after assessment of baseline salinity, and through applying different approaches (i.e., univariate statistical techniques, Multivariate Regression Trees, multivariate regressions), we investigated the potential changes in water chemistry and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure caused by the application of de‐icing salt over an entire winter season, in a mountain catchment located in the Italian Alps (N 46°, E 11°). Concurrently, we tested and compared the application of three different benthic macroinvertebrate indices used to assess salinisation impacts. Overall, we identified a constant level of baseline salinity across a 13‐year period, accompanied by a strong seasonality factor. Despite an application rate comparable to those of large North American cities, macroinvertebrate communities showed little evidence of change. However, chemical ions whose concentrations are known to be influenced by de‐icing salt (e.g., Na+, Cl−) were identified as the structuring drivers of the macroinvertebrate communities, thus suggesting that the studied riverine environment show a high potential for change in relation to salinity. In conclusion, we caution against the simple evaluation of application rates to assess the risk/level of salinisation within a catchment, and encourage further specific analysis and study of salinisation in mountain areas: they appear as sensitive habitats to potential variations in salinity, and stressors such as increased urbanisation and climate change will further exacerbate the risk of increasing salinisation in mountain freshwaters.
Long‐term application of mineral fertilizer weakens the stability of microbial N‐transforming functions via the decrease of soil microbial diversity
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Chen Ruirui , Blagodatskaya Evgenia , Blagodatsky Sergey , Liu Deyan , Yu Yongjie , Zhu Xiaolin , Feng Youzhi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionEnsuring functional stability is crucial for the sustainable development and soil health of agroecosystems amidst escalating climate changes. Although mineral fertilization is known to enhance the strength of soil N‐transforming functions, its effects on functional stability remain unclear.Materials & MethodsThis study evaluated three stability components (resistance, resilience, and recovery), along with the dimensionality of soil microbial N‐transforming functions during drought‐rewetting process. We investigated enzymatic activity and functional gene abundances after 10 years of fertilization under three strategies, mineral fertilization (NPK), mineral fertilization plus organic amendments (OMN), and no fertilization (CK).ResultsThe resistance was 0.60, 0.66 and 0.56; the resilience was 0.46, 0.28 and 0.46; and the recovery was 0.83, 0.73 and 0.82, respectively in the CK, NPK and OMN treatments. Soils with long‐term mineral fertilization exhibited the highest resistance but the lowest resilience and recovery during drought‐rewetting. Furthermore, mineral fertilization demonstrated the lowest dimensionality of stability, with smallest ellipsoid volume and most negative correlations. Soil microbial alpha diversity was identified as a key predictor of functional stability, positively correlating with stability across fertilization strategies.ConclusionMineral fertilization, which decreased alpha diversity, posed challenges for sustainable development of agroecosystems under drought conditions. Mineral fertilization plus organic amendments provided strong N‐transforming functions and moderate stability, making it as an optimal fertilization strategy. These results offer valuable insights for optimizing agroecosystem management and advancing soil sustainability.
Bi‐Functional Agarose‐Filled Porous Polysulfone Protective Layer for Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Huang Yingrui , Liu Zhiming , Yang Qi , Li Meilin , Jiang Yue , Wang Zihan , Chen Xi , Liu Zhenjie , Zhang Kai , Liu Zhuoxin , Yuan Rongfeng , Hu Zhe , Huang Yang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe uneven electric field and slow Zn2+ desolvation lead to rapid dendrite growth during Zn plating and stripping, which severely deteriorates the performance of Zn metal anodes (ZMAs) in Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Although polymer‐based artificial protective (PBAP) layers are widely applied to homogenize the electric field of ZMAs, they often fail to promote the desolvation process that eventually induces Zn dendrite growth. Herein, a bi‐functional protective layer, comprising a finger‐like porous matrix of polysulfone (PSF) and a hydroxyl‐rich filler of agarose (AG), is constructed to suppress Zn dendrite growth. COMSOL simulation demonstrates the ZMAs with bi‐functional protective layers (Zn@PSF/AG) exhibit uniform electric field and Zn2+ distribution. Besides, the Zn@PSF/AG has both low desolvation energy and nucleation overpotential, effectively promoting the desolvation of Zn2+. Therefore, the Zn@PSF/AG symmetric cell exhibits excellent cycling performance, achieving 4200 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 and 1000 h at 5 mA cm−2/5 mAh cm−2. When coupling with ZnxV2O5 (ZnVO) cathode, the ZnVO‖Zn@PSF/AG full cell shows similarly high cycling stability, maintaining 72% of its capacity after 7000 cycles at 10 A g−1. This research highlights the positive roles of PBAP layer with multi‐functional matrix‐filler structure in developing long‐life ZIBs.
Self‐Aggregation Control of Porphyrin for Enhanced Selective Covalent Organic Network Membranes
Authors: Wang Zheng , Nakagawa Keizo , Guan Kecheng , Hu Mengyang , Mai Zhaohuan , Fu Wenming , Shen Qin , Okamoto Yasunao , Matsuoka Atsushi , Kamio Eiji , Yoshioka Tomohisa , Matsuyama Hideto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCovalent organic networks (CONs) are considered ideal for precise molecular separation compared with traditional polymer membranes because their pores have a sharp molecular weight cut‐off and a robust structure. However, challenges remain with regard to tuning pores as a prerequisite for facile membrane fabrication to a defect‐free layer. Herein, a highly conjugated amino‐porphyrin is used and exploited its tunable stacking behavior to fabricate porphyrin‐based polyamide CONs with ordered structures through interfacial polymerization with acyl chlorides. Controlling the self‐aggregation behavior of the porphyrin and the conformation of the acyl chlorides can create different covalent networks. Acid‐triggered porphyrin protonation offsets stacking to reduce the pore in the network from mesopore to micropore, enabling selective molecule transport. Furthermore, different acyl chloride ligands are used to control the interlayer bonding in CONs. Accordingly, the tailored pore diameters (0.48–0.78 nm) are confirmed by the molecule rejections with performance stability over 25 days of operation, as well as under various conditions. This study leverages porphyrin chemistry and interfacial polymerization to fabricate a defect‐free CON layer with a significantly lower molecular weight cut‐off (< 330 Da) than previously reported porphyrin‐based membranes (>800 Da). This will pave the way for the development of ideal topological membranes.
Modified Si Oxidation Behavior by Ultrathin Ni Catalyst Enabling Oxidant‐Less Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Kim Kyunghwan , Choi Sunhae , Bong Haekyun , Oh Jungwoo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE), a wet‐based anisotropic etching process for semiconductors, has emerged as an alternative to plasma‐based etching. However, using noble metal catalysts in MACE limits the implementation of complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) processes. This study explores Si etching using an ultrathin Ni catalyst as a novel approach for MACE. The thickness of the Ni catalyst emerges as a critical parameter, with 1 nm of Ni proving to be the optimal thickness to achieve smooth and deep etching. Unlike conventional MACE methods, the ultrathin Ni catalyst enables Si etching without strong oxidants. Wafer‐scale Si etching demonstrates the versatility of the ultrathin Ni catalyst in producing various microstructures. It is found that the ultrathin Ni/Si interfacial state plays a crucial role in influencing the Si reactivity, lowering the barrier for Si oxidation. CMOS‐compatible and cost‐efficient ultrathin Ni makes MACE a promising alternative for semiconductor nanofabrication. This study pioneers MACE using an ultrathin non‐noble metal catalyst, offering valuable insights for researchers in this field.
High Stability and Reusability of Papain Immobilized on the Non‐Toxic Magnetic Dialdehyde Starch Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhan Luqi , Miao Jincheng , Ouyang Jinyu , Luo Qincong , Wang Xiaojuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPapain is widely used in food, drug, and bioactive peptide production and must be immobilized onto carriers with biocompatibility. Dialdehyde starch (DAS) can be a good biocompatible cross‐linker according to its active aldehyde groups. In the present study, the magnetic nanoparticles dialdehyde starch (MDASN), synthesized by DAS and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe‐MNP), are successfully used to immobilize papain to improve the enzymic activity. The structure and morphology of DAS, MDASN, and immobilized papain onto magnetic dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (papain‐MDASN) are characterized detailly. The morphology of DAS is like a flat ball, and that of Fe‐MNP and papain‐MDASN are spherical and clumpy. The particle size of Fe‐MNP and papain‐MDASN are small, resulting in a large surface electrostatic effect and partial agglomeration. Enzymic activity studies of papain‐MDASN exhibit that the immobilized papain on MDASN represents better temperature resistance, alkaline resistance, thermal stability, and reusability, and its activity recovery is up to 68.21%. Papain onto magnetic dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (MDASN) may enhance its potential application in production processes.
Optimization of Extraction Process, Structure Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Black Garlic
Authors: Zhou Min , Han Qing , Li Caifeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUltrasound assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract polysaccharides from black garlic, and the extraction process for UAE of black garlic polysaccharides (BGPs) was optimized via RSM coupled with genetic algorithm. The optimal extraction process parameters were obtained as follows: extraction time of 30 min, liquid‐to‐solid ratio of 29 mL/g, extraction temperature of 51 ℃, and ultrasound power of 418 W, and the yield of BGPs was 10.17% ± 0.14%. Subsequently, the crude BGPs were further purified by DEAE‐52 cellulose and Sephadex G‐100 to obtain a homogeneous fraction (BGPs‐1‐SG with the molecular weight of 1.37 × 106 Da) that was comprised of mannose (Man), glucuronic acid (GlcA), rhamnose (Rha), glucose (Glc), and fucose (Fuc) with a molar ratio of 40.23:71.06:2.96:85.38:7.32. Congo red and circular dichroism spectroscopy indicate that BGPs‐1‐SG has a triple helix structure. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope demonstrate that BGPs‐1‐SG showed irregular structures including sheet‐like, rod‐shaped, irregular spherical structures, and aggregated in aqueous solutions. Moreover, BGPs‐1‐SG could increase viability, phagocytic rate, and NO content of RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, BGPs‐1‐SG could promote the secretion and mRNA expression levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. The findings can provide an important reference for the development of functional foods.