bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fever as a predictor of positive lymphocyte transformation test
Authors: Ogawa Eiki , Shoji Kensuke , Miyairi Isao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have characterized the clinical manifestations of delayed antibiotic hypersensitivity (AH) diagnosed using objective methods. The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is a reproducible method to diagnose type IV hypersensitivity. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of delayed AH diagnosed on LTT in children.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients who were evaluated for AH using LTT at National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, from 2002 to 2014. We extracted patient demographics, type and duration of antibiotics, and clinical characteristics from the medical records. Clinical manifestations were compared between LTT‐positive and LTT‐negative cases.ResultsSeventy‐five cases for which 101 drugs were tested were included in this study. LTT was positive against 34 drugs in 26 cases. Median age was 5 years (IQR, 1–9 years), and 49% of patients had underlying disease. LTT was performed at a median of 18 days (IQR, 4–59 days) after the suspected episode. The median number of days from the initiation of therapy to the onset of symptoms was 4. Rash was the most common manifestation (89%). Fever (>38°C) was observed in 20 cases (27%). Onset of fever preceded the rash in nine cases (45%), appeared simultaneously in five (25%), appeared afterwards in four (20%), and was unknown in two (10%). Fever was an independent factor associated with AH when comparing LTT‐positive and LTT‐negative cases (OR, 3.61; 95%CI: 1.03–12.64).ConclusionsFever was a common presenting symptom of delayed AH in children aged ≤18 years.
Bar Kokhba and leadership as seen through the revolt
Authors: Sheinfeld Shayna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost of what we know about Bar Kokhba derives from rabbinic and patristic literature, which portrays him as a failed messiah figure. However, the letters and coins found from the revolt itself suggest that Bar Kokhba did not claim to be a messiah figure, but instead was an authoritarian ruler who attempted to control the religious, economic, and military matters of his followers.
Constructional apraxia screening and oral health among hospitalized older adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bevilacqua Lorenzo , Severin Angelica , Russi Erika , Angerame Daniele , Ceschia Giuliano , Bartoli Giulio , Omiciuolo Cinzia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsApraxia may hinder oral self‐care and is associated with poor oral hygiene. Intersecting Pentagons Test (IPT) is a simple screening tool for constructional apraxia (CA) that tests the ability to copy a bidimensional figure. In this study we investigated whether IPT is useful to identify subjects that need interventions to support oral health in a cohort of geriatric inpatients.Methods and resultsWe assessed oral health through the decayed, missing or filled teeth index, plaque index, and periodontal screening and recording tool. We inquired about autonomy in oral hygiene activities through a standardized questionnaire. Among subjects with CA (273 out of 478 hospitalized subjects aged > 65 years) we found a higher prevalence of edentulism (P = 0.04), periodontal disease (PD) (P = 0.03), and dependence in oral hygiene activities (P < 0.001). Only 34.8% of nonautonomous apraxic patients had a caregiver that supplied oral care. In an age and sex‐adjusted generalized linear model, IPT proved to be an independent predictor of dependence in oral care, reaching 61.5% sensitivity in identifying dependent patients.ConclusionAmong elderly inpatients, there is a significant association between IPT results, poor oral health status, and dependence in oral hygiene activities. Positivity to IPT should prompt proper device counseling and caregiver education.
Anti‐centrosome antibodies: Prevalence and disease association in Chinese population
Authors: Wang Shengjie , Meng Yanming , Huang Zhuochun , Hu Jing , Niu Qian , Zhang Junlong , Yan Bing , Wu Yongkang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnti‐centrosome antibodies are rare findings with undefined clinical significance in clinical research. We aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical significance of anti‐centrosome antibodies in Chinese population. Testing results of total of 281,230 ANA‐positive sera were retrospectively obtained from West China Hospital Sichuan University in China between 2008 and 2017. We retrospectively collected and analysed the clinical and laboratory data of the patients with positive anti‐centrosome antibody. Of the 356 453 patients tested, 281 230 patients had positive antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, 78.9%), but only 78 patients with positive anti‐centrosome antibodies (0.022%), of which 74.4% are females. Diagnoses were established in 69 of 78 patients: 37 cases were autoimmune diseases, mainly including undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (UCTD, 9/37), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, 6/37), Sjögren's syndrome (SS, 5/37) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC, 5/37), and the remaining were other autoimmune conditions. The most frequent clinical symptoms of the anti–centrosome‐positive patients were arthralgia and eyes and mouth drying. Additionally, 86.7% of anti‐centrosome antibodies were not associated with other ANA profiles; however, when associated, the most frequent ANA was anti‐U1RNP. Anti‐centrosome antibodies are featured by a low prevalence and female gender predominance. They are correlated with some specific diseases, both autoimmune diseases, especially UCTD, RA, SS and PBC, and non‐autoimmune diseases, such as infection and cancer, which suggests that they might be potential supporting serological markers of these diseases.
Poverty in the news media: Continuities, ruptures, and change in the reporting socioeconomic inequality
Authors: Lugo‐Ocando Jairo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work attempts to offer a reflexive account of the key ideas and scholarly contributions developed over the years that provide elements for a theoretical explanatory framework regarding news media and poverty. In so doing, the article presents a general assessment of some of the key works in this area, while assessing the main notions, concepts, and contributions in this regard. The author points out at the fact that there is broad agreement among most scholars in relation to these issues while suggesting, nevertheless, that there are still some important pieces of the puzzle missing in our understanding about how the media engages with poverty and inequality.
Pathogen reduced plasma products: a clinical practice scientific review from the AABB
Authors: Cushing Melissa M. , Pagano Monica B. , Jacobson Jessica , Schwartz Joseph , Grossman Brenda J. , Kleinman Steven , Han Mi Ah , Cohn Claudia S. ,   on behalf of the AABB Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUNDA small body of literature assessing the efficacy and safety of pathogen reduced (PR) plasma has been published.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAn AABB committee systematically reviewed the literature and graded the clinical trial evidence with the assistance of a GRADE expert.RESULTSMost studies identified were low quality and had a small sample size; in addition, efficacy and safety were monitored in many different ways making it difficult to quantify therapeutic benefit and risk. The data analyzed in this systematic review showed that pathogen inactivation did not adversely affect the efficacy of S/D or amotosalen plasma transfusions in any patient population studied. In addition, there were no significant safety issues for these patient populations, other than the specific contraindications noted in their respective package inserts.CONCLUSIONLarger, well‐designed trials are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of all of the PR plasma products.
Inequalities between Women and Men Aged Over and Under Seventy Years. SABE Colombia – Survey on Health, Well-being and Aging 2015
Authors: Chavarro-Carvajal Diego Andrés , De Santacruz Cecilia , Cano-Gutierrez Carlos Alberto , Venegas-Sanabria Luis Carlos , Gama Ana Carolina 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The differential approach by generation and gender, known inequalities and inequities to identify in older adults help in the evaluation of conditions and the design of interventions, research and teaching. Objective: Identify the peculiarities and inequalities related to generation and gender in the Colombian population of older adults. Methodology: Observational, descriptive and analytical study that performed a secondary analysis of the population survey SABE-Colombia 2015. Results and Discussion: Results are presented according to inequality by gender and by generation; of monetary poverty and Mobility, violence and displacement. Economic income Situation during childhood. Access to public services. Familiar surroundings. Healthy conditions. Conclusion: Disparities are related to representations and practices related to gender and age, less evident in the economic. Actions must be reinforced to improve the living conditions of all and the conceptions and imaginaries that naturalize the differences, and to avoid new disadvantages due to the achievements of aging.
Missed opportunities: incomplete and inaccurate recording of paediatric early warning scores
Authors: Chapman Susan M , Oulton Kate , Peters Mark John , Wray Jo 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPaediatric early warning scores (PEWS) are widely used as an adjunct to support staff in recognising deterioration in hospitalised children. Relatively little is known about how staff use these systems.ObjectiveTo examine the completeness and accuracy of PEWS recording in hospitalised children in a tertiary specialist children’s hospital.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of retrospective, case-controlled study data. Case patients suffering from a critical deterioration event were matched with controls present on the same ward at the same time and matched for age. Data were extracted from the PEWS chart for the 48 hours before the critical deterioration event for case patients and the corresponding 48 hours period for the control. Observation sets were assessed for completeness and accuracy of PEWS scoring.ResultsIn total 297 case events in 224 patients were available for analysis. Overall 13 816 observations sets were performed, 8543 on cases and 5273 on controls. Only 4958 (35.9%) of observation sets contained a complete set of vital sign parameters and a concurrent PEWS. Errors were more prevalent in the observation sets of case patients versus controls (19.5% vs 14.1%). More errors resulted in the PEWS value being underscored rather than overscored for all observation sets (p<0.0001). 9.1% of inaccuracies for case patients were clinically significant, as the accurately calculated PEWS would have prompted a different escalation from the documented value.ConclusionFailure to record complete and accurate PEWS may jeopardise recognition of children who are deteriorating. Technology may offer an effective solution.
High-dimensional cytometric analysis of colorectal cancer reveals novel mediators of antitumour immunity
Authors: de Vries Natasja L , van Unen Vincent , Ijsselsteijn Marieke E , Abdelaal Tamim , van der Breggen Ruud , Farina Sarasqueta Arantza , Mahfouz Ahmed , Peeters Koen C M J , Höllt Thomas , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P F , Koning Frits , de Miranda Noel F C C 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveA comprehensive understanding of anticancer immune responses is paramount for the optimal application and development of cancer immunotherapies. We unravelled local and systemic immune profiles in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) by high-dimensional analysis to provide an unbiased characterisation of the immune contexture of CRC.DesignThirty-six immune cell markers were simultaneously assessed at the single-cell level by mass cytometry in 35 CRC tissues, 26 tumour-associated lymph nodes, 17 colorectal healthy mucosa and 19 peripheral blood samples from 31 patients with CRC. Additionally, functional, transcriptional and spatial analyses of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes were performed by flow cytometry, single-cell RNA-sequencing and multispectral immunofluorescence.ResultsWe discovered that a previously unappreciated innate lymphocyte population (Lin–CD7+CD127–CD56+CD45RO+) was enriched in CRC tissues and displayed cytotoxic activity. This subset demonstrated a tissue-resident (CD103+CD69+) phenotype and was most abundant in immunogenic mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient CRCs. Their presence in tumours was correlated with the infiltration of tumour-resident cytotoxic, helper and γδ T cells with highly similar activated (HLA-DR+CD38+PD-1+) phenotypes. Remarkably, activated γδ T cells were almost exclusively found in MMR-deficient cancers. Non-activated counterparts of tumour-resident cytotoxic and γδ T cells were present in CRC and healthy mucosa tissues, but not in lymph nodes, with the exception of tumour-positive lymph nodes.ConclusionThis work provides a blueprint for the understanding of the heterogeneous and intricate immune landscape of CRC, including the identification of previously unappreciated immune cell subsets. The concomitant presence of tumour-resident innate and adaptive immune cell populations suggests a multitargeted exploitation of their antitumour properties in a therapeutic setting.
Evolution of the mud patch in the north Yellow Sea and its response to climate change in the past 160 years
Authors: Liu Xiaohang , Hu Lisha , Wu Xiao , Wang Yueming , Xu Jingping 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
As the most important sediment source to the north Yellow Sea (NYS), the sediment discharge from the Yellow River has substantially decreased for at least half a century. The response of the existing mud patches to this decline is not well understood. Here, we present high-resolution grain-size parameters and geochemical composition of one gravity core (B23) collected in the NYS mud patch to investigate the behavior of the mud patch variation in correspondence to the Yellow River’s sediment discharge reduction. The B23 age model is derived by 210Pb dating method, and the average sedimentation rate is estimated to be 0.49 cm/year. Results of a geochemical discrimination analysis suggest that the sediments of B23 were mainly transported from the Yellow River by the strong coastal current along the Shandong Peninsula, whereas the contributions of sediments from Yangtze and Yalu rivers are also measurable. In around 1980, the ratio of sediments from the Yellow River underwent an apparent decrease in the NYS mud. Simultaneous changes include coarsening of grain size and disaccord between East Asia Winter Monsoon intensity and content of sensitive grain size. These are all directly or indirectly due to the decline of the Yellow River’s sediment discharge.
Wind drag in oil spilled ocean surface and its impact on wind-driven circulation
Authors: Shen Hui , Perrie William , Wu Yongsheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The drag coefficient is a key parameter to quantify the wind stress over the ocean surface, which depends on the ocean surface roughness. During oil spill events, oil slicks cover the ocean surface and thus change the surface roughness by suppressing multi-scale ocean surface waves, and the drag coefficient is changed. This change has not been included in the current ocean circulation models. In this study, such change in sea surface roughness is studied by satellite remote sensing via synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to quantify the changes in the wind effect over the oil-covered ocean surface. The concept of effective wind speed is introduced to quantify the wind work on the ocean. We investigate its influence on the wind-driven Ekman current at the ocean surface. Using observations from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010) as an example, we find that the presence of oil can result in an effective wind speed of 50%~100% less than the conventional wind speed, causing overestimates by 75%~100% in the wind driven Ekman current. The effect of such bias on oil trajectory predictions is also discussed. Our results suggest that it is important to consider the effect of changes in the drag coefficient over oil-contaminated areas, especially for large-scale oil spill situations.
Use of consumer monitors for estimating energy expenditure in youth
Authors: LaMunion Samuel R. , Blythe Andrew L. , Hibbing Paul R. , Kaplan Andrew S. , Clendenin Brandon J. , Crouter Scott E. 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare energy expenditure (EE) estimates from 5 consumer physical activity monitors (PAMs) to indirect calorimetry in a sample of youth. Eighty-nine youth (mean (SD); age, 12.3 (3.4) years; 50% female) performed 16 semi-structured activities. Activities were performed in duplicate across 2 visits. Participants wore a Cosmed K4b2(criterion for EE), an Apple Watch 2 (left wrist), Mymo Tracker (right hip), and Misfit Shine 2 devices (right hip; right shoe). Participants were randomized to wear a Samsung Gear Fit 2 or a Fitbit Charge 2 on the right wrist. Oxygen consumption was converted to EE by subtracting estimated basal EE (Schofield’s equation) from the measured gross EE. EE from each visit was summed across the 2 visit days for comparison with the total EE recorded from the PAMs. All consumer PAMs estimated gross EE, except for the Apple Watch 2 (net Active EE). Paired t tests were used to assess differences between estimated (PAM) and measured (K4b2) EE. Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was used to assess individual-level error. The Mymo Tracker was not significantly different from measured EE and was within 15.9 kcal of measured kilocalories (p = 0.764). Mean percent errors ranged from 3.5% (Mymo Tracker) to 48.2% (Apple Watch 2). MAPE ranged from 16.8% (Misfit Shine 2 – right hip) to 49.9% (Mymo Tracker).Novelty Only the Mymo Tracker was not significantly different from measured EE but had the greatest individual error. The Misfit Shine 2 – right hip had the lowest individual error. Caution is warranted when using consumer PAMs in youth for tracking EE.
Algebraic Attacks Against Several Weak Variants of GVW’13 ABE
Authors: Hu Yupu , Lian Zhizhu , Chen Jiangshan , Wang Baocang , Zhang Shanshan 
Published: July 2019

Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is an active research area in the public-key cryptography. Among large amount of ABE schemes, the scheme GVW’13 (STOC13) is an well-known candidate for realizing ABE via lattice mechanism, whose security relies on learning with errors (LWE). This ABE scheme has very exquisite structure, and its crucial component lies in using that two-to-one recoding (TOR) algorithm. However, the main shortcoming of GVW’13 is the use of the huge key-size. Therefore, it encourages people to find out some more simplified variants of GVW’13. In this paper, we first propose three variants of GVW’13 for reducing the size of secret key, which would be the feasible strategies to improve GVW’13 with great possibility. Unfortunately, we can still present three related attacks against these three proposals under the same collusion scenario, respectively.
microRNA and mRNA profiles in the amygdala are relevant to fear memory induced by physical or psychological stress
Authors: Sun Yan , Lu Wei , Du Kaixin , Wang Jin-Hui 
Published: July 2019

Anxiety is presumably driven by fear memory. Molecular profiles in the amygdala of mice with fear memory induced by psychological and physical stresses remain to be elucidated. Fear memory in mice was induced by a paradigm of social defeat. Physical and psychological stresses (PPS) to an intruder were given by attacks from an aggressive resident. Psychological stress (PS) to an observer was given by the witnessing of aggressor attacks. Amygdala tissues from these mice showing fear memory and anxiety vs. tissues from control mice were harvested to analyze mRNA and microRNA profiles by high-throughput sequencing. In the amygdala of intruders and observers with fear memory, the genes encoding 5-HTR1b, 5-HTR2a, DAR2, AChRM3, and IP3R1 are upregulated, whereas genes encoding GPγ11, GPγ13, GPγT2, RasC3, and P450 are downregulated, indicating that these molecules are involved in fear memory induced by physical/psychological stresses. In the comparison of intruders with observers, the upregulation of genes encoding 5-HTR6, GPγ8, P2R7, NFκ2, CREB3/1, and Itgα9 as well as the downregulation of genes encoding DAR5, 5-HTR1a, and HSP1a are involved in fear memory induced by physical stress. The upregulation of genes encoding DAR1, 5-HTR5a and SSR2/3 as well as the downregulation of AdRα1, CREB3/1, GPγ13 and GPγ8 are involved in fear memory induced by psychological stress. Results obtained by sequencing mRNA and microRNA profiles are consistent with results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays performed for validation. In conclusion, fear memories and anxiety induced by PPS vs. PS are caused by the imbalanced regulation of different synapses and signaling pathways in the amygdala. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study identifies the molecular mechanism underlying fear memory and anxiety induced by psychological stress vs. physical stress, in which the imbalanced expression of microRNA-regulated mRNAs relevant to dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic synapses in the amygdala plays an important role. This result reveals different molecular profiles for psychological and physical stresses.
Acute slice preparation for electrophysiology increases spine numbers equivalently in the male and female juvenile hippocampus: a DiI labeling study
Authors: Trivino-Paredes J. S. , Nahirney P. C. , Pinar C. , Grandes P. , Christie B. R. 
Published: July 2019

Hippocampal slices are widely used for in vitro electrophysiological experiments to study underlying mechanisms for synaptic transmission and plasticity, and there is a growing appreciation for sex differences in synaptic plasticity. To date, several studies have shown that the process of making slices from male animals can induce synaptogenesis in cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) pyramidal cells, but there is a paucity of data for females and other brain regions. In the current study we use microcrystals of the lipophilic carbocyanine dye DiI (1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) to stain individual neurons in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampal subfields of postnatal day 21 male and female rats. We show that the preparation of sections for electrophysiology produces significant increases in spines in sections obtained from females, similar to that observed in males. We also show that the procedures used for in vitro electrophysiology also result in significant spine increases in the DG and CA1 subfields. These results demonstrate the utility of this refined DiI procedure for staining neuronal dendrites and spines. They also show, for the first time, that in vitro electrophysiology slice preparations enhance spine numbers on hippocampal cells equivalently in both juvenile females and males.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study introduces a new DiI technique that elucidates differences in spine numbers in juvenile female and male hippocampus, and shows that slice preparations for hippocampal electrophysiology in vitro may mask these differences.