bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the floor effect on the WISC‐IV in individuals with Down syndrome: are there cognitive strengths and weaknesses?
Authors: Pezzuti L. , Nacinovich R. , Oggiano S. , Bomba M. , Ferri R. , La Stella A. , Rossetti S. , Orsini A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome generally show a floor effect on Wechsler Scales that is manifested by flat profiles and with many or all of the weighted scores on the subtests equal to 1.MethodThe main aim of the present paper is to use the statistical Hessl method and the extended statistical method of Orsini, Pezzuti and Hulbert with a sample of individuals with Down syndrome (n = 128; 72 boys and 56 girls), to underline the variability of performance on Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Fourth Edition subtests and indices, highlighting any strengths and weaknesses of this population that otherwise appear to be flattened.ResultsBased on results using traditional transformation of raw scores into weighted scores, a very high percentage of subtests with weighted score of 1 occurred in the Down syndrome sample, with a floor effect and without any statistically significant difference between four core Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Fourth Edition indices. The results, using traditional transformation, confirm a deep cognitive impairment of those with Down syndrome. Conversely, using the new statistical method, it is immediately apparent that the variability of the scores, both on subtests and indices, is wider with respect to the traditional method.ConclusionChildren with Down syndrome show a greater ability in the Verbal Comprehension Index than in the Working Memory Index.
Reduction of Peripartum Racial and Ethnic Disparities: A Conceptual Framework and Maternal Safety Consensus Bundle
Authors: Howell Elizabeth A. , Brown Haywood , Brumley Jessica , Bryant Allison S. , Caughey Aaron B. , Cornell Andria M. , Grant Jacqueline H. , Gregory Kimberly D. , Gullo Susan M. , Kozhimannil Katy B. , Mhyre Jill M. , Toledo Paloma , D'Oria Robyn , Ngoh Martha , Grobman William A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRacial and ethnic disparities exist in both perinatal outcomes and health care quality. For example, black women are 3 to 4 times more likely to die from pregnancy‐related causes and have more than a 2‐fold greater risk of severe maternal morbidity than white women. In an effort to achieve health equity in maternal morbidity and mortality, a multidisciplinary workgroup of the National Partnership for Maternal Safety, within the Council on Patient Safety in Women's Health Care, developed a concept article for the bundle on reduction of peripartum disparities. We aimed to provide health care providers and health systems with insight into racial and ethnic disparities in maternal outcomes, the etiologies that are modifiable within a health care system, and resources that can be used to address these etiologies and achieve the desired end of safe and equitable health care for all childbearing women.
Firm Productivity Differences From Factor Markets
Authors: Cheng Wenya , Morrow John 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe model firm adaptation to local factor markets in which firms care about both the price and availability of inputs. The model is estimated by combining firm and population census data, and quantifies the role of factor markets in input use, productivity and welfare. Considering China's diverse factor markets, we find that within an industry interquartile labor costs vary by 30–80%, leading to 3–12% interquartile differences in TFP. In general equilibrium, homogenization of labor markets would increase real income by 1.33%. Favorably endowed regions attract more economic activity, providing new insights into within‐country comparative advantage and specialization.
Biomarkers for heart failure: small molecules with high clinical relevance
Authors: Magnussen C. , Blankenberg S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a rising epidemic due to the ageing population and progress in all areas of medicine. Thus, research efforts are made to ensure a timely diagnosis, to improve prognosis and treatment of the disease and to facilitate risk prediction at the population level. Because of their noninvasive determination with mostly high sensitivity and accuracy, circulating blood biomarkers are becoming increasingly important for daily clinical practice. Natriuretic peptides, especially B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (Nt‐proBNP) and midregional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (MR‐proANP) and cardiac troponins are established blood biomarkers in HF diagnosis and prognosis of HF‐related outcomes. Inflammatory molecules as C‐reactive protein (CRP) may have added value in anti‐inflammatory therapy guidance. Next‐generation biomarkers including soluble source of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15), galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) and diverse microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) may have additional benefit in assessment of cardiac remodeling or differentiation of HF subtypes. Multimarker approaches containing different combinations of established and novel biomarkers might improve HF risk prediction at the population level once they are used on top of clinical variables.
Homozygote C/C at rs12543318 was risk factor for non‐syndromic cleft lip only from Western Han Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Bi‐He , Huang Ning , Shi Jia‐Yu , Shi Bing , Jia Zhong‐Lin 
Published: April 2018

Non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a complex disorder, and it results from both of the genetic modifiers and environmental factors, with genetic modifiers contributes to it more than environmental factors. GWASs made great progress in identifying the candidate genes for NSCL/P, but the findings need to be replicated in other populations. In this study, we selected eleven SNPs from recent GWASs and GWAS meta‐analysis to investigate their associations among 308 NSCL/P trios (134 non‐syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) trios and 174 non‐syndromic cleft lip with cleft palate (NSCLP) trios) from Han Chinese population. All SNPs were genotyped using SNPscan method and analyzed the data with FBAT, PLINK, and R package. Allelic TDT analysis showed that allele A at rs12543318 was associated with NSCLO trios (P = .0032, OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39‐0.83), and parent‐of‐origin effect analysis indicated that allele A at rs12543318 was significantly maternally undertransmitted among NSCLO (P = .0046), which implied the potential influence of genomic imprinting; global TDT further confirmed this association. Individual genotypic TDT showed homozygote C/C at rs12543318 was overtransmitted among NSCLO (Z = 3.79, P = .00015) and NSCL/P groups (Z = 3.83, P = .00013), which indicated that it could increase the risk to have cleft babies. Our findings indicated that rs12543318 was associated with NSCLO from Western Han Chinese population, which will give new scientific evidence for later researches in the etiology of NSOCs.
Fracture Resistance of Pressed and Milled Lithium Disilicate Anterior Complete Coverage Restorations Following Endodontic Access Preparation
Authors: Gerogianni Petrina , Lien Wen , Bompolaki Despoina , Verrett Ronald , Haney Stephan , Mattie Patrick , Johnson Russell 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeThis in vitro study evaluated the fracture resistance and clinical prognosis of anterior lithium disilicate crowns (e.max Press and e.max CAD), following endodontic access and repair. The research design simulates intraoral loading conditions to produce clinically applicable results.Materials and MethodsMonolithic anterior crowns, based on #8 anatomy, were fabricated from e.max Press ingots and e.max CAD blocks and adhesively bonded on identical dies milled out of a dentin analog material (NEMA G10). Specimens were divided into 4 groups: intact pressed, repaired pressed, intact milled, and repaired milled (n = 15/group). Repaired pressed and repaired milled were prepared with a standardized endodontic access and repaired using a porcelain repair system and composite resin. All crowns were cyclically loaded under simulated oral conditions and then loaded to failure in water, using a universal testing machine. Data were interpreted using ANOVA/Tukey post‐hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsMean loads to failure ranged from 758.9 to 931.4 N for the 4 groups, indicating that both fabrication techniques, pressed and milled, yielded restorations that could reasonably withstand maximum masticatory forces. The pressed groups (923.7 N) exhibited significantly higher fracture resistance than the milled groups (797.5 N), p = 0.0002. When milled and pressed groups were categorized into intact and repaired subgroups, no difference was found in fracture resistance between the subgroups. Differences were noted in the modes of fracture, where the milled groups (intact and repaired) exhibited higher frequency of catastrophic fractures than the pressed groups.ConclusionsEndodontic access preparation does not appear to affect fracture resistance of an anterior lithium disilicate restoration, suggesting that replacement may not be necessary. Fabrication technique had a significant effect on fracture resistance and fracture mode of lithium disilicate restorations. The pressed fabrication technique resulted in significantly greater crown strength and fracture resistance than the milled technique.
Astringency evaluation of Tannat wines: Comparison of assessments from trained assessors and experts
Authors: Vidal Leticia , Antúnez Lucía , Giménez Ana , Medina Karina , Boido Eduardo , Ares Gastón 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAstringency is one of the differential characteristics of Tannat wine, the emblematic wine of the Uruguayan wine‐making industry. The aim of this study was twofold: First, to compare wine astringency characterization of experts and trained assessors, and second, to identify which astringency characteristics influence experts' perception of astringency quality. Six commercial Uruguayan Tannat wines were evaluated in triplicate by a trained assessors panel (n = 9). Assessors rated the global astringency intensity using a time‐intensity task, and described astringency subqualities using a check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) question composed of 16 terms. Samples were also assessed by 30 experts who rated astringency intensity and quality using 9‐point structured scales. In addition, experts described astringency subqualities of samples and of their ideal high‐quality Tannat wine using a CATA question. Significant differences among samples were found in astringency intensity for both panels and expert's perceived quality. Agreement between trained assessors and experts in astringency intensity evaluations was observed, but differences in their description of astringency subqualities were found. Astringency quality as perceived by experts was not related only to astringency global intensity; astringency subqualities complex and velvety were the main drivers of astringency quality, while puckery, sand paper, and irritant significantly lowered quality scores.Practical applicationsWine astringency characterization is a very complex task that should ideally be performed by a group of trained assessors following standardized protocols. However, most wineries still rely on the judgment of wine experts for decision‐making. Results from the present work suggest that although trained assessors and experts evaluated wine astringency similarly, their description of astringency subqualities strongly differed.
The effects of anticipating a high‐stress task on sleep and performance during simulated on‐call work
Authors: Sprajcer Madeline , Jay Sarah M. , Vincent Grace E. , Vakulin Andrew , Lack Leon , Ferguson Sally A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryOn‐call work is used to manage around the clock working requirements in a variety of industries. Often, tasks that must be performed while on‐call are highly important, difficult and/or stressful by nature and, as such, may impact the level of anxiety that is experienced by on‐call workers. Heightened anxiety is associated with poor sleep, which affects next‐day cognitive performance. Twenty‐four male participants (20–35 years old) spent an adaptation, a control and two counterbalanced on‐call nights in a time‐isolated sleep laboratory. On one of the on‐call nights they were told that they would be required to do a speech upon waking (high‐stress condition), whereas on the other night they were instructed that they would be required to read to themselves (low‐stress condition). Pre‐bed anxiety was measured by the State Trait Anxiety Inventory form x‐1, and polysomnography and quantitative electroencephalogram analyses were used to investigate sleep. Performance was assessed across each day using the 10‐min psychomotor vigilance task (09:30 hours, 12:00 hours, 14:30 hours, 17:00 hours). The results indicated that participants experienced no significant changes in pre‐bed anxiety or sleep between conditions. However, performance on the psychomotor vigilance task was best in the high‐stress condition, possibly as a result of heightened physiological arousal caused by performing the stressful task that morning. This suggests that performing a high‐stress task may be protective of cognitive performance to some degree when sleep is not disrupted.
Investigating genetic correlations and causal effects between caffeine consumption and sleep behaviours
Authors: Treur Jorien L. , Gibson Mark , Taylor Amy E. , Rogers Peter J. , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryObservationally, higher caffeine consumption is associated with poorer sleep and insomnia. We investigated whether these associations are a result of shared genetic risk factors and/or (possibly bidirectional) causal effects. Summary‐level data were available from genome‐wide association studies on caffeine intake (n = 91 462), plasma caffeine and caffeine metabolic rate (n = 9876), sleep duration and chronotype (being a “morning” versus an “evening” person) (n = 128 266), and insomnia complaints (n = 113 006). First, genetic correlations were calculated, reflecting the extent to which genetic variants influencing caffeine consumption and those influencing sleep overlap. Next, causal effects were estimated with bidirectional, two‐sample Mendelian randomization. This approach utilizes the genetic variants most robustly associated with an exposure variable as an “instrument” to test causal effects. Estimates from individual variants were combined using inverse‐variance weighted meta‐analysis, weighted median regression and MR‐Egger regression. We found no clear evidence for a genetic correlation between caffeine intake and sleep duration (rg = 0.000, p = .998), chronotype (rg = 0.086, p = .192) or insomnia complaints (rg = −0.034, p = .700). For plasma caffeine and caffeine metabolic rate, genetic correlations could not be calculated because of the small sample size. Mendelian randomization did not support causal effects of caffeine intake on sleep, or vice versa. There was weak evidence that higher plasma caffeine levels causally decrease the odds of being a morning person. Although caffeine may acutely affect sleep when taken shortly before bedtime, our findings suggest that a sustained pattern of high caffeine consumption is more likely to be associated with poorer sleep through shared environmental factors. Future research should identify such environments, which could aid the development of interventions to improve sleep.
The nature of delayed dream incorporation (‘dream‐lag effect’): Personally significant events persist, but not major daily activities or concerns
Authors: Eichenlaub Jean‐Baptiste , van Rijn Elaine , Phelan Mairéad , Ryder Larnia , Gaskell M. Gareth , Lewis Penelope A. , P. Walker Matthew , Blagrove Mark 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIncorporation of details from waking life events into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreams has been found to be highest on the 2 nights after, and then 5–7 nights after, the event. These are termed, respectively, the day‐residue and dream‐lag effects. This study is the first to categorize types of waking life experiences and compare their incorporation into dreams across multiple successive nights. Thirty‐eight participants completed a daily diary each evening and a dream diary each morning for 14 days. In the daily diary, three categories of experiences were reported: major daily activities (MDAs), personally significant events (PSEs) and major concerns (MCs). After the 14‐day period each participant identified the correspondence between items in their daily diaries and subsequent dream reports. The day‐residue and dream‐lag effects were found for the incorporation of PSEs into dreams (effect sizes of .33 and .27, respectively), but only for participants (n = 19) who had a below‐median total number of correspondences between daily diary items and dream reports (termed “low‐incorporators” as opposed to “high‐incorporators”). Neither the day‐residue or dream‐lag effects were found for MDAs or MCs. This U‐shaped timescale of incorporation of events from daily life into dreams has been proposed to reflect REM sleep‐dependent memory consolidation, possibly related to emotional memory processing. This study had a larger sample size of dreams than any dream‐lag study hitherto with trained participants. Coupled with previous successful replications, there is thus substantial evidence supporting the dream‐lag effect and further explorations of its mechanism, including its neural underpinnings, are warranted.
Decision Rules for Progress Monitoring in Reading: Accuracy during a Large‐Scale Tier II Intervention
Authors: Parker David C. , Van Norman Ethan , Nelson Peter M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe accuracy of decision rules for progress monitoring data is influenced by multiple factors. This study examined the accuracy of decision rule recommendations with over 4,500 second‐and third‐grade students receiving a tier II reading intervention program. The sensitivity and specificity of three decision rule recommendations for predicting year‐end spring benchmark targets was evaluated over different data collection durations under good and poor dataset conditions. Across grade level and dataset quality, the sensitivity of decisions made using trend lines and the median of recent data points tended to improve to acceptable levels after 18 weeks. Specificity tended to decrease around that same time but was less pronounced with the median decision rule method. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Utrum Sit Una Tantum Vera Enumeratio Virtutum Moralium
Authors: Grace Chappell Sophie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs its Latin title says, this article inquires whether there is a single correct list of the moral virtues. Virtue ethics tells us to “act in accordance with the virtues” but can often be accused, for example in Aristotle's Ethics, of helping itself without argument to an account of what the virtues are. This paper is, stylistically, an affectionate tribute to the Angelic Doctor, and it works with a correspondingly Thomistic background and approach. It argues for the view that there is at least one correct list of the virtues, and that we can itemise at least seven items in the list, namely, the four cardinal and the three theological virtues.
Epistemic Paternalism and the Service Conception of Epistemic Authority
Authors: Croce Michel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEpistemic paternalism is the thesis that in some circumstances we are justified in interfering with the inquiry of others for their own epistemic good without consulting them on the issue. This paper addresses the issue of who is rationally entitled to undertake paternalistic interferences, and in virtue of which features one has this entitlement. First, it undermines the view according to which experts are the most apt people to act as paternalist interferers. Then it argues that epistemic authorities are in a better position to satisfy the requirements of justified epistemic paternalism, when conceived according to the service model of epistemic authority. Finally, it offers a virtue‐based account of paternalist interferers and shows how it can apply to cases in which the interferer is a group or an institution.
Honesty as a Virtue
Authors: Wilson Alan T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHonesty is widely accepted as a prime example of a moral virtue. And yet, honesty has been surprisingly neglected in the recent drive to account for specific virtuous traits. This paper provides a framework for an increased focus on honesty by proposing success criteria that will need to be met by any plausible account of honesty. It then proposes a motivational account on which honesty centrally involves a deep motivation to avoid deception. It argues that this account satisfies the required success criteria and discusses why (and when) honesty can be accepted as a moral virtue. Finally, it highlights some implications of accepting a motivational account of honesty for future work on encouraging the development of honesty, and on the relationship between different types of virtue.
CaC3H14encoding a tandem CCCH zinc finger protein is directly targeted by CaWRKY40 and positively regulates the response of pepper to inoculation byRalstonia solanacearum
Authors: Qiu Ailian , Lei Yufen , Yang Sheng , Wu Ji , Li Jiazhi , Bao Bingjin , Cai Yiting , Wang Song , Lin Jinhui , Wang Yuzhu , Shen Lei , Cai Jinsen , Guan Deyi , He Shuilin 
Published: April 2018

SummaryTandem CCCH zinc finger (TZnF) proteins have been implicated in plant defence, but their role in pepper (Capsicum annuum) is unclear. In the present study, the role of CaC3H14, a pepper TZnF protein, in the immune response of pepper plants toRalstonia solanacearuminfection was characterized. When fused to the green fluorescent protein, CaC3H14 was localized exclusively to the nuclei in leaf cells ofNicotiana benthamianaplants transiently overexpressing CaC3H14. Transcript abundance ofCaC3H14was up‐regulated by inoculation withR. solanacearum. Virus‐induced silencing ofCaC3H14increased the susceptibility of the plants toR. solanacearumand down‐regulated the genes associated with the hypersensitive response (HR), specificallyHIR1and salicylic acid (SA)‐dependentPR1a. By contrast, silencing resulted in the up‐regulation of jasmonic acid (JA)‐dependentDEF1and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis‐associatedACO1. Transient overexpression ofCaC3H14in pepper triggered an intensive HR, indicated by cell death and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, up‐regulatedPR1aand down‐regulatedDEF1andACO1. Ectopic overexpression of CaC3H14 in tobacco plants significantly decreased the susceptibility of tobacco plants toR. solanacearum. It also up‐regulated HR‐associatedHSR515, immunity‐associatedGST1and the SA‐dependent marker genesNPR1andPR2, but down‐regulated JA‐dependentPR1band ET‐dependentEFE26. TheCaC3H14promoter and was bound and its transcription was up‐regulated by CaWRKY40. Collectively, these results indicate that CaC3H14 is transcriptionally targeted by CaWRKY40, is a modulator of the antagonistic interaction between SA and JA/ET signalling, and enhances the defence response of pepper plants to infection byR. solanacearum.