bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The economic market outcomes and income distribution when capital is not homogeneous
Authors: Özçam Ahmet 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
An aggregate production function has been used in macroeconomic analysis for a long time, even though it seems that it is conceptually confusing and problematic. The purpose of this paper is to argue that the measurement problem related to the heterogenous capital input that exists in macroeconomics is also relevant to microeconomic market situations.

Design/methodology/approach
The author constructed a microeconomic market model to address both the problems of the measurement of the physical capital and of substitutability between labor and capital in the short run using two types of technologies: labor neutral and labor reducing. The author proposed that labor and physical capital inputs are complementary in the short run and can become substitutes only in the long run when the technology advances.

Findings
The author found that even if the technology improves at a fast rate over time, there are then diminishing returns of profits to technology and an upper limit to profits. Moreover, the author showed that under the labor-reducing technology, labor class earns more initially as technology improves, but their incomes start declining after some threshold level of passage of time.

Originality/value
The author cautioned the applied researcher that the estimated labor and capital coefficients of generalized Cobb–Douglas and constant elasticity of substitution of types of production functions could not be interpreted as partial elasticities of labor and capital if in reality the data come from fixed-proportions types of processes.
Ranking factors influencing strategic management of university business incubators with ANP
Authors: Kiani Mavi Reza , Gheibdoust Hamed , Khanfar Ahmad A. , Kiani Mavi Neda 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Universities play a central role in scientific development and progress in societies, so, the need for supporting new businesses in universities becomes very important that science and technology park-based incubators can meet it. The purpose of this paper is to prioritize the factors influencing strategic management of university business incubators (UBIs).

Design/methodology/approach
Present research prioritizes the factors influencing strategic management of incubators using analytic network process (ANP). The authors gathered data from UBIs affiliated with science and technology park of Guilan, located in city of Rasht (Iran) using the ANP questionnaire during year 2017.

Findings
Factors influencing strategic management of incubators comprised of four main criteria and 14 sub-criteria. The criteria and sub-criteria were ranked based on their importance. Results show that “talented managers” has the highest importance for strategic management of UBIs.

Originality/value
This study offers a novel analysis and contribution to the knowledge of ranking UBIs with a multi-criteria decision-making technique. Results of this research show the relative importance of criteria and sub-criteria, which contributes to further improvement of incubator management. University managers and incubator directors can utilize the findings for better resource allocation and aligning the strategies of incubators with macro strategies of the country.
When is resemblance mimicry?
Authors: de Jager Marinus L. , Anderson Bruce 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Mimetic resemblance is extensive across the tree of life yet agreeing on what constitutes mimicry is challenging. One of the reasons for disagreement is a lack of unambiguous criteria to resolve whether a case of resemblance is a product of mimicry or alternative processes.

Mimicry occurs when an organism takes advantage of the perception and association that a receiver has with a model to gain adaptive benefits. Three conditions should be fulfilled to confirm mimicry: (1) characterising a model, (2) identifying a receiver with a percept of said model and (3) demonstrating that the receiver exerts selection on the mimic.

We suggest multiple lines of evidence, both experimental and correlative, to support each condition. These conditions help separate similarity due to crypsis and perceptual bias from mimetic resemblance. Furthermore, we explore forms of receiver‐mediated selection on the mimic, what mimics need to resemble for successful mimicry to occur, and the evolution of imperfect mimicry.

We hope this perspective provides a functional pathway for biologists to confirm the existence of mimicry and serve as a guide for studying mimetic interactions across disciplines.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–herbivore interactions in a high CO2 world
Authors: Frew Adam , Price Jodi N. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The symbiotic relationship between terrestrial plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is a key driver of plant nutritional and defence traits influencing insect herbivory. These tripartite interactions have been fundamental to shaping the evolution of land plants and the diversity of insect herbivores. Surprisingly, we have little understanding of how these interactions will function under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2), despite the considerable implications for both natural and managed ecosystems.

Although substantial research has revealed how eCO2 alters mycorrhizal–plant interactions, or plant–herbivore interactions, there is a stark scarcity of studies which investigate how eCO2 impacts mycorrhizal‐mediated plant–insect herbivore relationships.

Here, we synthesise some of the main effects of eCO2 on the mycorrhizal symbiosis, the concomitant impacts on plant nutrient dynamics and secondary metabolism, and how eCO2‐driven changes in plant growth, biochemistry and communities impact insect herbivores.

We point out that potential mechanistic drivers of AM fungal–plant–insect herbivore relationships under eCO2 can function antagonistically and are highly context‐dependent, which poses a particular challenge. Still, we hypothesise as to the potential outcomes for AM fungal–plant–herbivore dynamics under eCO2.

We identify key research priorities to tackle the substantial gap in our understanding. If ecological theory is to effectively inform agricultural and natural management practices in the future, research needs to directly investigate how changes in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations impact the tripartite relationship between AM fungi, plants and insect herbivores.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Costs and drivers of helminth parasite infection in wild female baboons
Authors: Akinyi Mercy Y. , Jansen David , Habig Bobby , Gesquiere Laurence R. , Alberts Susan C. , Archie Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHelminth parasites can have wide‐ranging, detrimental effects on host reproduction and survival. These effects are best documented in humans and domestic animals, while only a few studies in wild mammals have identified both the forces that drive helminth infection risk and their costs to individual fitness.Working in a well‐studied population of wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya, we pursued two goals, to (a) examine the costs of helminth infections in terms of female fertility and glucocorticoid hormone levels and (b) test how processes operating at multiple scales—from individual hosts to social groups and the population at large—work together to predict variation in female infection risk.To accomplish these goals, we measured helminth parasite burdens in 745 faecal samples collected over 5 years from 122 female baboons. We combine these data with detailed observations of host environments, social behaviours, hormone levels and interbirth intervals (IBIs).We found that helminths are costly to female fertility: females infected with more diverse parasite communities (i.e., higher parasite richness) exhibited longer IBIs than females infected by fewer parasite taxa. We also found that females exhibiting highTrichuris trichiuraegg counts also had high glucocorticoid levels. Female infection risk was best predicted by factors at the host, social group and population level: females facing the highest risk were old, socially isolated, living in dry conditions and infected with other helminths.Our results provide an unusually holistic understanding of the factors that contribute to inter‐individual differences in parasite infection, and they contribute to just a handful of studies linking helminths to host fitness in wild mammals.
Critical predictors of functional, phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity are geographically structured in lichen epiphytic communities
Authors: Hurtado Pilar , Prieto María , Aragón Gregorio , Escudero Adrián , Martínez Isabel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Assessing the response of biological communities to contrasting environmental conditions is crucial to predict the effects of global change drivers. The influence of multiple environmental factors may differ depending on the diversity facet considered, which emphasizes the need to simultaneously evaluate the functional (FD), phylogenetic (PD) and taxonomic (TD) diversity.

To examine how these facets of biodiversity respond to environmental changes, we studied lichen epiphytic communities across 47 beech forest fragments from two biogeographic regions. We applied structural equation modelling to relate habitat fragmentation, climate and habitat quality with FD, PD and TD. We compared the community response to contrasting climatic conditions by analysing independently Atlantic and Mediterranean communities.

We found different major drivers of biodiversity patterns across biogeographic regions. Habitat fragmentation performed the highest effect on lichen communities, with a reduction of FD, PD and TD at both regions. However, the influence of climate was stronger in the Atlantic region than in the Mediterranean region, where the effect of habitat quality was superior. The effect of the environmental predictors over PD and TD was both direct and indirect through the different components of FD, and their intensity and sign differed across regions. Changes in PD were not related to changes in TD.

Synthesis. Our results evidenced that the major environmental drivers affecting epiphytic communities were geographically structured. These drivers modified the diversity of the epiphytic community directly but also indirectly through changes in FD, which emerged as a causal but not unique determinant of PD and TD. Our findings also showed the difficulty for inferring TD through PD. These results emphasize the essential role of FD predicting part of the response of lichen communities to global change drivers but also highlight the importance of considering multiple biodiversity facets to understand the effects of environmental change on community structure.
Modeling the effects of urban expansion on regional carbon storage by coupling SLEUTH‐3r model and InVEST model
Authors: Lyu Rongfang , Mi Lina , Zhang Jianming , Xu Mengqun , Li Jijun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModeling the impacts of urbanization on carbon storage has become a critical and hot topic in the fields of mitigating global warming. This study coupled urban expansion and land use change simulation and prediction model (SLEUTH‐3r model) and ecosystem service evaluation model (InVEST model) to analyze and predict the impacts of urbanization on carbon storage in Shizuishan, a city located in the northwestern of China. Scenarios analysis was used to compare the effects of different policies on carbon storage, while the policies concern about urban growth pattern, ecological protection and socioeconomic development. The results suggested that (1) the coupled model can predict carbon storage change with urbanization in a high accuracy (relative error within ±5% for 94.6% of the whole area); (2) carbon storage of Shizuishan experienced a loss of 2.70 Tg in 1989–2015, and would continue to experience a loss of 6.18 Tg, 5.27 Tg, 3.76 Tg and 2.47 Tg under historical growth scenario (HGS), decrease socioeconomic scenario (DSS), compact growth scenario (CGS) and ecological protection scenario (EPS) in 2015–2035, respectively; (3) compact urban growth pattern and ecological protection policy can both decrease the negative effects of urbanization on carbon storage. Multiple ecosystem services should be integrated into urban planning to achieve a balance of socioeconomic development and environment protection.
Preferential utilization of inorganic polyphosphate over other bioavailable phosphorus sources by the model diatoms Thalassiosira spp.
Authors: Diaz Julia M. , Steffen Rachel , Sanders James G. , Tang Yuanzhi , Duhamel Solange 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPolyphosphates and phosphomonoesters are dominant components of marine dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Collectively, DOP represents an important nutritional phosphorus (P) source for phytoplankton growth in the ocean, but the contribution of specific DOP sources to microbial community P demand is not fully understood. In a prior study, it was reported that inorganic polyphosphate was not bioavailable to the model diatoms Thalassiosira weissflogii and Thalassiosira pseudonana. However, in this study, we show that the previous finding was a misinterpretation based on a technical artefact of media preparation and that inorganic polyphosphate is actually widely bioavailable to Thalassiosira spp. In fact, orthophosphate, inorganic tripolyphosphate (3polyP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate supported equivalent growth rates and final growth yields within each of four strains of Thalassiosira spp. However, enzyme activity assays revealed in all cultures that cell‐associated hydrolysis rates of 3polyP were typically more than ~10‐fold higher than degradation of ATP and the model phosphomonoester compound 4‐methylumbelliferyl phosphate. These results build on prior work, which showed the preferential utilization of polyphosphates in the cell‐free exudates of Thalassiosira spp., and suggest that inorganic polyphosphates may be a key bioavailable source of P for marine phytoplankton.
Effects of Milk Proteins on the Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Oat Phenolics During In Vitro Digestion
Authors: Chen Chao , Wang Li , Chen Zhengxing , Luo Xiaohu , Li Yongfu , Wang Ren , Li Juan , Li Yanan , Wang Tao , Wu Jue 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of milk solution or milk proteins (casein and whey protein) on the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of oat phenolics during in vitro gastric and pancreatic digestion. During digestion, most of oat phenolics were partially degraded by alkaline pH of pancreatic fluid (pH 7.5). For phenolic acids, both milk solution and milk protein only had a slight influence on their bioaccessibility, while exhibited a significant effect on antioxidant activity of oat phenolic extracts and bioaccessibility of avenanthramides (AVs), a kind of bioactive phenols exclusively found in oats. The antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of AVs were decreased by adding milk and casein, while significantly improved when mixed with milk whey protein. Remarkably, the bioaccessibility of AV 2c, which had the highest antioxidant activity among all phenolic compounds detected in oats, increased above 360% after intestinal digestion by mixing with whey protein. This result suggested the possibility of protecting AVs against digestive alteration and oxidation by milk whey protein.Practical ApplicationIn recent years, oats are often consumed with milk under different conditions of preparation, and there have been many oat milk products manufactured by food companies all over the world. The results of this paper showed that the adding of milk may reduce the absorption and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from oat. However, the antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of oat phenolics were significantly increased when mixed with milk whey protein, suggesting that oats could be consumed with milk whey protein to improve their functional properties.
Drivers of Interbasin Transfers in the United States: Insights from Sampling
Authors: Dickson Kerim E. , Dzombak David A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInterbasin transfers (IBTs) are manmade transfers of water that cross basin boundaries. In an analysis of 2016 data, this work identified 2,161 reaches crossing United States (U.S.) Geological Survey hydrologic unit code 6 boundaries in the U.S. The objectives of this study were to characterize and classify IBTs, and examine the development drivers for a subset of 109 (~5%) of the IBT reaches through examination of samples from different climate regions of the U.S. The IBTs were classified as being near irrigated agricultural lands, near cities, or rural IBTs not near cities or irrigated land. IBTs near both cities and irrigated agricultural land were designated as city + irrigated agriculture. The 109 samples were selected, based on approximate proportional distribution to the total number of IBTs within each climate region, with representation of areas having a high density of IBTs. Analysis of the samples revealed that in the U.S., there have been four major drivers for basin transfers: irrigation for agriculture, municipal and industrial water supply, commercial shipping or navigation, and drainage or flood management. The most common has been drainage or flood management, though IBTs at least partially driven by agricultural needs are also prevalent. The majority of the sampled IBTs were constructed between 1880 and 1980, with peaks in development between 1900–1910 and 1960–1970. The samples also showed the drivers of IBT development evolved over time, reflecting changes in regional economies, populations, and needs.
α‐Synuclein toxicity in yeast and human cells is caused by cell cycle re‐entry and autophagy degradation of ribonucleotide reductase 1
Authors: Sampaio‐Marques Belém , Guedes Ana , Vasilevskiy Igor , Gonçalves Susana , Outeiro Tiago F. , Winderickx Joris , Burhans William C. , Ludovico Paula 
Published: April 2019

Abstractα‐Synuclein (aSyn) toxicity is associated with cell cycle alterations, activation of DNA damage responses (DDR), and deregulation of autophagy. However, the relationships between these phenomena remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that in a yeast model of aSyn toxicity and aging, aSyn expression induces Ras2‐dependent growth signaling, cell cycle re‐entry, DDR activation, autophagy, and autophagic degradation of ribonucleotide reductase 1 (Rnr1), a protein required for the activity of ribonucleotide reductase and dNTP synthesis. These events lead to cell death and aging, which are abrogated by deleting RAS2, inhibiting DDR or autophagy, or overexpressing RNR1. aSyn expression in human H4 neuroglioma cells also induces cell cycle re‐entry and S‐phase arrest, autophagy, and degradation of RRM1, the human homologue of RNR1, and inhibiting autophagic degradation of RRM1 rescues cells from cell death. Our findings represent a model for aSyn toxicity that has important implications for understanding synucleinopathies and other age‐related neurodegenerative diseases.
Crossed Eye/Hand Laterality and Left‐Eyedness Predict a Positive 24‐Month Outcome in Alcohol‐Dependent Patients
Authors: Weinland Christian , Mühle Christiane , Kornhuber Johannes , Lenz Bernd 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundAvailable predictors of hospital readmission following withdrawal in alcohol‐dependent patients are limited. However, such parameters are needed to optimize individualized treatment strategies. This study investigated whether crossed eye/hand laterality, eyedness, and handedness may predict outcomes in alcohol dependence.MethodsThe prospective study included 200 early‐abstinent alcohol‐dependent inpatients (n[males] = 113, n[females] = 87) and 240 control subjects (n[males] = 133, n[females] = 107). We assessed eyedness and handedness using the hole‐in‐the‐card and Shimizu tests and documented alcohol‐related readmissions over 12 and 24 months.ResultsCrossed eye/hand laterality and left‐eyedness were associated with a reduced risk for alcohol‐related readmission (12‐month: odds ratios [OR] = 0.41, p = 0.008, OR = 0.42, p = 0.004; 24‐month: OR = 0.57, p = 0.097, OR = 0.47, p = 0.016), fewer median readmissions (12‐month: 0 vs. 1, p = 0.005, 0 vs. 1, p = 0.005; 24‐month: 1 vs. 2, p = 0.014, 1 vs. 2, p = 0.006), and more mean days to the first readmission (12‐month: 270 vs. 209, p = 0.007, 269 vs. 207, p = 0.003; 24‐month: 462 vs. 335, p = 0.039, 461 vs. 323, p = 0.005). They also interacted with treatment and alcohol drinking history to predict the outcome. In sex‐specific analyses, most of these effects remained significant in males but not in females. Handedness alone did not significantly predict outcome. Moreover, the laterality markers did not significantly differ between alcohol‐dependent patients and control subjects.ConclusionsDetermining crossed eye/hand laterality and eyedness may help to individualize relapse prevention in the future. Both are easily accessible predictors of alcohol‐related readmission following inpatient withdrawal treatment.
Oral health behaviours of older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project
Authors: Tran J , Wright FAC , Takara S , Shu C‐C , Chu SK‐Y , Naganathan V , Hirani V , Blyth FM , Le Couteur DG , Waite LM , Handelsman DJ , Seibel MJ , Milledge KL , Cumming RG 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) is a cohort study of the health of a representative sample of older Australian men. The aim of this paper is to describe the oral health behaviours and dental service use of CHAMP participants and explore associations between oral health behaviours with and general health status.MethodInformation collected related to socio‐demographics, general health, oral health service‐use and oral health behaviours. Key general health conditions were ascertained from the health questionnaire and included physical capacity and cognitive status.ResultsFifty‐seven percent of the men reported visiting a dental provider at least once or more a year and 56.7% did so for a “dental check‐up”. Of those with some natural teeth, 59.3% claimed to brush their teeth at least twice or more a day. Most men (96%) used a standard fluoride toothpaste. Few participants used dental floss, tooth picks or mouth‐rinses to supplement oral hygiene. Cognitive status and self‐rated general health were associated with dental visiting patterns and toothbrushing behaviour.ConclusionsMost older men in CHAMP perform favourable oral health behaviours. Smoking behaviour is associated with less favourable dental visiting patterns, and cognitive status with toothbrushing behaviour.