bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of quinolones for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Gonzalez-Garay Alejandro G , Velasco-Hidalgo Liliana , Ochoa-Hein Eric , Rivera-Luna Roberto 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Uncomplicated urinary tract infection is considered an infection that occurs in healthy individuals who have a normal urinary tract, representing 5% of all annual medical visits. Several quinolones are available as second-line agents for treatment; however, we do not know which is the best antibiotic scheme for urinary tract infection; therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis to hierarchize each quinolone according to its efficacy and safety.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and other databases were subjected to non-language-restricted searches up to 2018 for trials that included women treated with quinolones for uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Bias in the trials was assessed by two reviewers; the Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to analyze clinical and bacteriological remission, relapse, resistance, and adverse events. For direct comparisons, we obtained risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals by applying a fixed events model using Tau2 and Q2 tests to calculate the heterogeneity using trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as the common comparator across studies. For the network meta-analysis, we analyzed the indirect comparisons by Bucher's method.

The results were summarized in a correlation matrix.

Results

We included 18 trials with 8765 women. For pre-menopausal women and treatment duration <3 days, norfloxacin and ofloxacin had a 57% of probability for achieving remission but with an 83% frequency of adverse events. For post-menopausal women, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were 82% more effective for remission with an 49% frequency of adverse events compared with other types of quinolones.

Conclusions

Compared with other quinolones, ofloxacin (200 mg) was more effective for remission, although with a high probability of adverse events; however, norfloxacin (400 mg) could be an alternative in treatment, due to it low probability of adverse events; even though additional trials are needed to confirm our findings, especially in treatment duration exceeds 3 days.

PROSPERO registration

CRD42015025886
Genome Wide Identification and Characters of TCP Family Genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida
Authors: Sun Quan , He Jing , He Xiaohong , Chang Pingan , Jiang Huaizhong , Gong Daping 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Teosinte branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell factor (TCP) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors, which widely involved in leaf development, flowering, shoot branching, and circadian rhythm. So far, TCP proteins function in tumorous stem mustard has not been reported. . Here we identified and characterized the entire TCP protein family members in the tumorous stem mustard.

Results

We identified fifty-four TCP genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida, containing thirty-three Class I subfamily members and twenty-one Class II subfamily members. Fifty-three TCP genes are distributed on 15 chromosomes. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that the same clade genes have similar gene intron/exon structure and conserved motifs. Cis-acting element results showed that the same clade genes also have similar cis-element, however subtle differences also imply the different regulated pathway. More than twice paralogs genes relation to diploid species in some members imply gene duplication events in evolution. The members of BjTCP18s are low expressed in DY strains and un-swelling stage of YA strains. After treatment with GA and SA, it was detected that the expression levels of multiple TCP genes were affected by these two hormones.

Conclusion

In this study, we perform the first genome-wide analysis of the tumorous stem mustard TCP gene family. The results provide valuable information for understanding the classification and functions of TCP genes in tumorous stem mustard.
Genome-wide association studies of Shigella spp. and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli isolates demonstrate an absence of genetic markers for prediction of disease severity
Authors: Hendriks Amber C. A. , Reubsaet Frans A.G. , Kooistra A.M.D. (Mirjam) , Rossen John W. A. , Dutilh Bas E. , Zomer Aldert L. , Beld Maaike van den 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

We investigated the association of symptoms and disease severity of shigellosis patients with genetic determinants of infecting Shigella and entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), because determinants that predict disease outcome per individual patient could be used to prioritize control measures. For this purpose, genome wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using presence or absence of single genes, combinations of genes, and k-mers. All genetic variants were derived from draft genome sequences of isolates from a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in the Netherlands during 2016 and 2017. Clinical data of patients consisting of binary/dichotomous representation of symptoms and their calculated severity scores were also available from this study. To verify the suitability of the used methods, the genetic differences between the genera Shigella and Escherichia were used as control.

Results

The obtained isolates were representative for a population structure as encountered in a Western European country. No association was found between single genes or combinations of genes and separate symptoms or disease severity scores. One potentially associated intergenic region was found using a k-mer approach, however, this turned out to be a false positive. Our benchmark characteristic, genus, resulted in eight associated genes and >3,000,000 k-mers, indicating adequate performance of the used algorithms.

Conclusions

To conclude, using several microbial GWAS methods, genetic variants in Shigella spp. and EIEC that can predict specific symptoms or a more severe course of disease were not identified, suggesting that disease severity of shigellosis is dependent on other factors than the genetic variation of the infecting bacteria. Specific genes or gene fragments of isolates from patients are unsuitable to predict outcomes and cannot be used for development, prioritization and optimization of guidelines for control measures of shigellosis or infections with EIEC.
Hydrological modelling of climate change impacts on river flows in Siberia's Lena River Basin and implications for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Hudson C. E. , Thompson J. R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA hydrological model of Siberia's Lena River Basin is calibrated and validated against observed river discharge at five stations. Implications of the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 scenario for river discharge are assessed using projections from 41 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 General Circulation Models grouped into 12 genealogical-based groups as well as a group ensemble mean. Annual precipitation increases in all scenarios (1.7–47.4%). Increases in annual PET are of a similar range (6.0–45.5%). PET peaks in June compared to July for the baseline. All temperature changes exceed 1.5 °C (range: 2.2 °C–6.2 °C). The largest absolute increases are in winter (maximum +7 °C). Changes in mean annual discharge range from −8.5 to +69.9%. Ten GCM groups and the group ensemble mean project increases. Earlier snowmelt is dominant so the annual flood peaks in May compared with June for the baseline. Increased discharge of the Lena and other Eurasian rivers to the Arctic Ocean has the potential to impact Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Enhanced fluxes for four groups are capable of weakening the AMOC. Changes for other groups may contribute to weakening when combined with other sources of freshwater and warmer temperatures.
Systematic Scrutinisation of Vital Factors for Fabrication and Evaluation of PGS-MCC Based Drug Loaded Pellets by Extrusion Spheronization Technique
Authors: Rana Hardik , Thakkar Vaishali , Mudgal Kalpana , Gohel Mukesh , Baldania Lalji , Dholakia Mansi , Gandhi Tejal 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
The prime objective was to formulate pellet formulation incorporating
a newer extrusion- pelletisation aid, Pregelatinised Starch (PGS) and to scrutinise the
factors that can affect the quality of the pellets and to overcome the slower disintegration
of Microcrystaline Cellulose (MCC).

Methods:
Pellets were prepared initially using PGS, MCC, water, ethanol, HPMC K 4 M
and Febuxostat was employed as model drug. Optimisation of formulation was done by
employing Quality by design (QbD) and Design of experiment (DoE) approach. Ratio of
PGS and MCC, ratio of binder and spheronisation speed were selected as independent
variables and disintegration time and % cumulative drug release as dependent variables.
In vitro in vivo correlation of the optimised batch was carried out using Wagner nelson
method. Incompatibility studies have indicated compatibility of drug and excipients.

Results:
From the experiments, it was proved that the batch comprising 3:1 ratio of PGS
and MCC, 1:1 binder solution and 1500 speed yielded good pellets with decreased disintegration
time and improved dissolution rate as compared to pure Febuxostat. IVIVC
studies indicated one to one correlation between in vitro and in vivo parameters.

Conclusion:
Pellets with good quality, minimum disintegration time and improved dissolution
of model drug were successfully prepared with maximum amount of PGS. Optimisation
using QbD approach was worth fruitful that affected the quality of pellets.
Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin melalui Pemeriksaan dan Pemberian Tablet Fe Terhadap Remaja yang Mengalami Anemia Melalui “Gerakan Jumat Pintar”
Authors: Nuraeni Rini , Sari Puspa , Martini Neneng , Astuti Sri , Rahmiati Lina 
Published: August 2019

Anemia iron deficiency in adolescent girls have an impact to decrease of productivity work and academic ability in school and in long term can lead to complications in pregnancy and childbirth, therefore it is necessary prevention and control of anemia with the provision of iron. The purpose of this research was to determine the intake of iron supplementation and the effectiveness of giving iron oral supplementation to increase levels of adolescent girls hemoglobin. This is an intervensional research with one group pretest posttest design. The Sample in this research is adolescent girls, with total sample 31 respondents. The responden received iron supplementation every Friday, for one month through “Gerakan Jumat Pintar”. The intake nutritional data was obtained from food record 3 days. Statisticaly analysis in used is wilcoxon. The result indicated that anemia iron deficiency in adolescent girls is decrease from 20,0% to 10,8%. Adolescent girls suffer from moderate anemia are decrease from 27.7% to 20.0%. Whereas adolescent girls who did not suffer from anemia experienced an increase from 52,3% to 69,2%. The result of this research concluded that iron supplementation among adolescent girl is the effectiveness of giving iron oral supplementation through “Gerakan Jumat Pintar” to hemoglobin that is increase 1,01 gr/dl.
Los almacenes y la plataforma central en el conjunto amurallado Ñain an (ex Bandelier), Chan Chan, Perú
Authors: Correa-Trigoso Denis Elvis 
Published: August 2019

<p>Como resultado de las excavaciones en el área de almacenamiento del conjunto amurallado Ñain An (ex Bandelier) se logró establecer que todos los ambientes estuvieron articulados dentro de la concepción chimú de almacenaje, donde las audiencias tuvieron el papel de puntos de control y separación de los recursos y el personal que ingresaban al área. Fueron definidas las técnicas empleadas durante la construcción de los ambientes, estableciendo tres formas de depósitos y una variante de audiencia. Asimis, se comprendido que la plataforma funciono como un punto de jerarquia con asociación directa con un patio de grandes dimensiones (norte) y la segunda audiencia (sur). Finalmente se estableció que el desarrollo cultural dentro del área de almacenamiento fue cambiando según las necesidades de la población, siendo en un inicio parte del sistema administrativo estatal Chimú y culminando su uso como una zona con actividades agrícolas. </p>
The Role of Trust in Information Processing: Evidence from Security Analysts
Authors: Bhagwat Vineet , Liu Xiaoding 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Does an equity analyst's trust in others impact the processing of information from outside sources? We investigate this question using a measure of trust based on surveys conducted in analysts' countries of origin. We find that more trusting analysts not only react faster to management guidance and earnings announcements, they also weight information from management and other analysts more heavily than less trusting analysts. This results in a nonlinear inverted-U relationship with forecast accuracy. Analysts with low trust place too little weight on outside information, while analysts with high trust place too much weight and are, thus, both less accurate than “medium” trust analysts. This effect on accuracy is weaker for those with more on-the-job experience, indicating that analysts rely less on their cultural trust beliefs as they learn more about the quality of information sources.
JEL Classifications: M41; G17.
Data Availability: Data are available from the sources cited in the text.
The Effect of Temporary Changes and Expectations on Individuals' Decisions: Evidence from a Tax Compliance Setting
Authors: Austin Chelsea Rae , Bobek Donna D. , LaMothe Ethan G. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Based on prospect theory's value function, we predict how reference points adapt to influence individuals' tax evasion choices during and after experiencing temporary tax changes. Results from a multi-round experiment indicate reactions to temporary changes depend jointly on the direction of the change and expectations. Specifically, individuals experiencing a tax increase evade more while the increase is in effect. More interestingly, knowing, versus not knowing, a tax decrease is temporary prevents an increase in evasion after the temporary change expires, and may lead individuals to reduce evasion during the change. In a supplemental condition, we induce uncertainty by repeatedly extending a tax decrease. We find when uncertainty is introduced, both benefits of knowing the temporal nature of the decrease are lost. Overall results are consistent with individuals failing to adapt to a loss state and adapting quickly to a gain state unless they are certain the gain state is temporary.
Who Really Performs the Audit? Examining the Effects of Voluntary Disclosure of the Use of Other Auditors on Investors' Perceptions of Audit Quality
Authors: Demek Kristina C. , Kaplan Steven E. , Winn Amanda 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARY
Under Rule 29, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) requires principal auditors to disclose the extent of use of other auditors on an audit engagement. This mandatory disclosure occurs on Form AP, available on the PCAOB's website. Principal auditors may voluntarily disclose this same information in an appendix to the audit report. We experimentally examine how the joint effects of the principal auditor's extent of use of other auditors and their use of voluntary disclosure influence investors' perceptions of audit quality. Results indicate that investors perceive audit quality to be lowest when principal auditors use other auditors to a greater extent and only file the mandatory disclosure. We find voluntary disclosure in the audit report attenuates the perceived effect of using other auditors. Additionally, after a restatement, investors place no additional blame or liability on principal auditors that use other auditors to a greater extent or choose voluntary disclosure.
The Influences of CEO IT Expertise and Board-Level Technology Committees on Form 8-K Disclosure Timeliness
Authors: Haislip Jacob Z. , Karim Khondkar E. , Lin Karen Jingrong , Pinsker Robert E. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Recent research documents the improvement of Form 8-K disclosure timeliness in the post-Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) era. However, it remains unclear why disclosure timeliness overall has improved, but disclosure timeliness for certain events has not improved. We examine firms' information technology (IT) management and IT governance in order to investigate their potential positive impacts on 8-K reporting timeliness. We find that, on average, IT-expert Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and firms with board-level technology committees file Form 8-Ks in a timelier manner. Specifically, firms with IT-expert CEOs file a half-day sooner and firms with technology committees file a full-day sooner. Additional analyses show that firms with technology committees file 8-Ks in a timelier manner than firms without technology committees, even when the events are complicated or surprising. In aggregate, our evidence suggests that IT-expert CEOs and IT expertise on the board facilitates efficient IT utilization and is associated with timely disclosure.
Data Availability: The data used are publicly available from the sources cited in the text.
The Impact of Information Security Breach Incidents on CIO Turnover
Authors: Banker Rajiv D. , Feng Cecilia (Qian) 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the relationship between security breaches and chief information officer (CIO) turnover. Because CIOs are directly responsible for IT performance, we argue that their turnover likelihood is higher when they fail to meet IT performance expectations, as reflected by information security breaches. Specifically, we find that breaches caused by system deficiency increase CIO turnover likelihood by 72 percent. However, we find no such association for breaches caused by criminal fraud or human error. We extend our analyses to other executives and document that CEOs are more likely to turn over following breaches caused by both system deficiency and human error, consistent with their broader role within the firm. By contrast, we find no evidence suggesting that CFOs are more likely to turn over following breaches. The findings indicate negative labor market consequences for executives who fail to meet performance expectations within the scope of their duties.
Inflammatory Cytokines Associated With Failure of Lower-Extremity Endovascular Revascularization (LER): A Prospective Study of a Population With Diabetes
Authors: Biscetti Federico , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Hiatt William R. , Angelini Flavia , Nardella Elisabetta , Cecchini Andrea Leonardo , Santoliquido Angelo , Pitocco Dario , Landolfi Raffaele , Flex Andrea 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the most relevant complications of diabetes. Although several pharmacological and revascularization approaches are available for treating patients with diabetes and PAD, an endovascular approach is often associated with postprocedural complications that can increase the risk for acute limb ischemia or amputation. However, no definitive molecular associations have been described that could explain the difference in outcomes after endovascular treatment in patients with diabetes, PAD, and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We evaluated the relationship between the levels of the main cytokines associated with diabetic atherosclerosis and the outcomes after endovascular procedures in patients with diabetes, PAD, and CLTI.

RESULTS
A total of 299 patients with below-the-knee occlusive disease who were undergoing an angioplasty procedure were enrolled. The levels of key cytokines—osteoprotegerin (OPG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP)—were measured, and major adverse limb events (MALE) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were assessed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. There was a linear trend from the lowest to the highest quartile for each cytokine at baseline and incident MALE. A linear association was also observed between increasing levels of each cytokine and incident MACE. Receiver operating characteristics models were constructed using clinical and laboratory risk factors, and the inclusion of cytokines significantly improved the prediction of incident events.

CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that elevated OPG, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels at baseline correlate with worse vascular outcomes in patients with diabetes, PAD, and CLTI undergoing an endovascular procedure.
Perceptibility and Acceptability of Surface Gloss Variations in Dentistry
Authors: Rocha RS , Fagundes TC , Caneppele TMF , Bresciani E 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARY

Objective:
To assess the visual perception of observers regarding perceptibility and acceptability of surface gloss variations of resin composites and to determine the limit of perceptibility and acceptability of gloss variations.

Methods:
Eight resin composite specimens and one human tooth specimen were fabricated. The resin specimens were polished to reach a surface gloss, in gloss units (GUs), of 10 GU, 20 GU, 30 GU, 40 GU, 50 GU, 60 GU, 70 GU, and 80 GU, and the human tooth specimen had a surface gloss of 80 GU. Sixty observers were selected to compare the surface gloss of the specimens in a light booth. For the perceptibility assessment, specimens were randomly displayed two at a time. Each observer performed a total of 144 observations. Observers answered two specific questions for determining the level and limit of perceptibility of gloss variations. The acceptability limit of gloss was determined by comparing the resin specimens with the tooth specimen. The observations were performed with dental practice scenarios (illuminant conditions, visualization field, and observers' education). Data were submitted to a nonlinear probit model and nonlinear regression estimation probit (5%).

Results:
Differences in perceptibility and acceptability were observed for surface gloss variations (ΔGU) (p&lt;0.001). Perceptibility increased with ΔGU (10&lt;20&lt;30&lt;40&lt;50=60=70), while acceptability decreased with ΔGU (0=10&gt;20&gt;30&gt;40&gt;50&gt;60=70). Acceptability and perceptibility limits were 6.4 GU and 35.7 GU, respectively.

Conclusions:
Perceptibility and acceptability of surface gloss are influenced by gloss variations. A variation of 6.4 GU was required for 50% of observers to notice gloss variations. Concerning acceptability, observers required a variation of 35.7 GU to consider differences in gloss not acceptable.
Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation and Cell Viability on Polymer-infiltrated Ceramic and Yttria-stabilized Polycrystalline Zirconium Dioxide Ceramic
Authors: Bottino MA , Pereira SMB , Amaral M , Milhan NVM , Pereira CA , Camargo SEA , Carvalho ABG , Melo RM 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARY

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm formation and cell viability of a polymer-infiltrated ceramic (PIC) and an yttria-stabilized polycrystalline zirconium dioxide ceramic (Y-TZP). The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in biofilm formation and cell viability between the materials.

Methods and Materials:
Streptococcus mutans biofilm was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy, and colony counting (colony-forming units/mL). The cell viability (fibroblasts) of both materials was measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium) (MTT) test. Roughness measurements were also performed.

Results:
The PIC displayed higher roughness but showed similar colony-forming units and biovolume values to those of Y-TZP. SEM showed a higher amount of adhered fibroblasts on the PIC surface on the first day and similar amounts on both materials after seven days. Moreover, the materials were biocompatible with human fibroblasts.

Conclusion:
PIC and Y-TZP are biocompatible and present the same characteristics for biofilm formation; therefore, they are indicated for indirect restorations and implant abutments.