bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonisation dynamics during range expansion is poorly predicted by dispersal in the core range
Authors: Morgan William H. , Cornulier Thomas , Lambin Xavier 
Published: February 2019

The potential ranges of many species are shifting due to changing ecological conditions. Where populations become patchy towards the range edge, the realised distribution emerges from colonisation–persistence dynamics. Therefore, a greater understanding of the drivers of these processes, and the spatial scales over which they operate, presents an opportunity to improve predictions of species range expansion under environmental change.Species reintroductions offer an ideal opportunity to investigate the drivers and spatial scale of colonisation dynamics at the range edge. To this effect, we performed and monitored experimental translocations of water voles to quantify how colonisation and local persistence were influenced by habitat quality and occupancy. We used a novel statistical method to simultaneously consider effects across a range of spatial scales.Densely occupied neighbourhoods were highly persistent and frequently colonised. Persistence was more likely in high quality habitat, whereas the influence of habitat quality on colonisation was less clear. Colonisation of suitable habitat in distant, sparsely occupied areas was much less frequent than expected from the well documented high dispersal ability of the species. Persistence of these distant populations was also low, which we attribute to the absence of a rescue effect in sparsely populated neighbourhoods.Our results illustrate a mismatch between the spatial scales of colonisation dynamics in the core and edge of a species’ range, suggesting that recolonisation dynamics in established populations may be a poor predictor of colonisation dynamics at the range edge.Such a mismatch leads to predictions of long lags between the emergence and colonisation of new habitat, with detrimental consequences for a species’ realised distribution, conservation status and contribution to ecosystem function. Conservation translocations that also reinforce existing populations at the range edge might stimulate the rescue effect and mitigate lags in expansion.
Indirect effects on fitness between individuals that have never met via an extended phenotype
Authors: Fisher David N. , Haines Jessica A. , Boutin Stan , Dantzer Ben , Lane Jeffrey E. , Coltman David W. , McAdam Andrew G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInteractions between organisms are ubiquitous and have important consequences for phenotypes and fitness. Individuals can even influence those they never meet, if they have extended phenotypes that alter the environments others experience. North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) guard food hoards, an extended phenotype that typically outlives the individual and is usually subsequently acquired by non‐relatives. Hoarding by previous owners can, therefore, influence subsequent owners. We found that red squirrels breed earlier and had higher lifetime fitness if the previous hoard owner was a male. This was driven by hoarding behaviour, as males and mid‐aged squirrels had the largest hoards, and these effects persisted across owners, such that if the previous owner was male or died in mid‐age, subsequent occupants had larger hoards. Individuals can, therefore, influence each other's resource‐dependent traits and fitness without ever meeting, such that the past can influence contemporary population dynamics through extended phenotypes.
fMRI prediction of naming change after adult temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: Activation matters
Authors: You Xiaozhen , Zachery Ashley N. , Fanto Eleanor J. , Norato Gina , Germeyan Sierra C. , Emery Eric J. , Sepeta Leigh N. , Berl Madison M. , Black Chelsea L. , Wiggs Edythe , Zaghloul Kareem , Inati Sara K. , Gaillard William D. , Theodore William H. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveWe aimed to predict language deficits after epilepsy surgery. In addition to evaluating surgical factors examined previously, we determined the impact of the extent of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation that was resected on naming ability.MethodThirty‐five adults (mean age 37.5 ± 10.9 years, 13 male) with temporal lobe epilepsy completed a preoperative fMRI auditory description decision task, which reliably activates frontal and temporal language networks. Patients underwent temporal lobe resections (20 left resection). The Boston Naming Test (BNT) was used to determine language functioning before and after surgery. Language dominance was determined for Broca and Wernicke area (WA) by calculating a laterality index following statistical parametric mapping processing. We used an innovative method to generate anatomic resection masks automatically from pre‐ and postoperative MRI tissue map comparison. This mask provided the following: (a) resection volume; (b) overlap between resection and preoperative activation; and (c) overlap between resection and WA. We examined postoperative language change predictors using stepwise linear regression. Predictors included parameters described above as well as age at seizure onset (ASO), preoperative BNT score, and resection side and its relationship to language dominance.ResultsSeven of 35 adults had significant naming decline (6 dominant‐side resections). The final regression model predicted 38% of the naming score change variance (adjusted r2 = 0.28, P = 0.012). The percentage of top 10% fMRI activation resected (P = 0.017) was the most significant contributor. Other factors in the model included WA LI, ASO, volume of WA resected, and WA LI absolute value (extent of laterality).SignificanceResection of fMRI activation during a word‐definition decision task is an important factor for postoperative change in naming ability, along with other previously reported predictors. Currently, many centers establish language dominance using fMRI. Our results suggest that the amount of the top 10% of language fMRI activation in the intended resection area provides additional predictive power and should be considered when planning surgical resection.
Peripheral caries and disease of the periodontium in Western Australian horses: An epidemiological, anatomical and histopathological assessment
Authors: Jackson K. , Kelty E. , Staszyk C. , Tennant M. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundPeripheral caries may cause significant oral pain and pathology and is very prevalent within the Western Australia horse population. Associations with periodontal disease have been indicated; however, further work is needed to assess the anatomical and histological aspects of the conditions, to better understand the pathophysiology.ObjectivesTo assess the anatomical and histopathological changes associated with equine cheek teeth peripheral caries and disease of the periodontium to better understand the pathogenesis and any association between the conditions.Study designCross‐sectional epidemiological and histological study.MethodsA survey of 500 Western Australia horses was performed to assess the prevalence of peripheral caries and associations with other dental pathologies within the Western Australia horse population. Histopathological assessment was also performed on four extracted cheek teeth affected by peripheral caries and on three interdental areas from an abattoir specimen affected by peripheral caries and interdental feed accumulation.ResultsThere was a significant association between peripheral caries and cheek teeth interdental feed accumulation and gingival recession. This association was significantly stronger in the mandibular cheek teeth than the maxillary cheek teeth and also in horses with moderate or severe peripheral caries compared to horses with mild peripheral caries. Histopathological examination found caries lesions consistent with those found in humans above the gingival margin. Sub‐gingivally, however, the cementum and periodontal structures were normal. In the samples with concurrent peripheral caries and deep feed‐pocketing, there was significant gingival recession; however, only mild or no histopathological changes occurred in the gingiva.Main limitationsSmall sample size for histopathological assessment.ConclusionHorses with peripheral caries, and in particular, horses with mandibular cheek teeth with peripheral caries are significantly more likely to also be affected by disease of the periodontium than horses without peripheral caries.
Valuation of ecosystem services in alternative bioenergy landscape scenarios
Authors: Mishra Shruti K. , Negri Maria Cristina , Kozak Justin , Cacho Julian F. , Quinn John , Secchi Silvia , Ssegane Herbert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAgricultural land in the Midwest is a source of food and fuel, as well as biodiversity. It is also a cause of excess nutrients that make their way to the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico. To address unsustainable changes to biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions, a multidisciplinary approach involving social science, natural science, and engineering is often effective. Given the potential of second‐generation biofuels, and capitalizing on the deep‐rooted perennial bioenergy crops capable of thriving in poor soils, we demonstrated an integrated socio‐environmental analysis of the impacts of growing switchgrass within row‐crop landscapes in Illinois. In this study, we model land use scenarios that incorporate switchgrass as a biofuel crop in a Midwest corn‐belt watershed using the Soil Water Assessment Tool coupled with an economic analysis for the Vermilion Basin in Illinois. We estimated the values of ecosystem services under an alternative bioenergy landscape, including commodity and bioenergy crops, changes in biogeochemistry, and recreational services. The estimated annual values of nitrate and sediment reduction attributed to bioenergy crops range from $38 million to $97 million and $16,000 to $197,000, respectively. The annual value of carbon dioxide emission reduction ranges from $1.8 million to $6.1 million based on the initial crop rotation pattern. Estimated average annual values for wildlife viewing, water‐based recreation, and pheasant hunting are $1.24 million, $0.17 million, and $0.3 million, respectively. To our knowledge, this study represents the first effort to comprehensively quantify ecosystem services using a process‐based model, and estimate their value in an alternative bioenergy landscape. The information we generate could aid in understanding the potential for biomass production from marginal land and the total economic value of the landscape at various spatial scales. The framework is useful in fostering alternative bioenergy landscapes with synergies in a food, energy, and conservation nexus.
Niche conservatism drives a global discrepancy in palm species richness between seasonally dry and moist habitats
Authors: Cássia‐Silva Cibele , Freitas Cíntia G. , Alves Davi M. C. C. , Bacon Christine D. , Collevatti Rosane G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimRapid global environmental change predicts increasingly seasonal climate in the tropics, causing expansion of seasonally dry habitats and leading to shifts in species distribution and potential extinction. Here, we use a macroevolutionary framework to understand the processes driving palm diversity patterns between moist and seasonally dry tropical habitats. We hypothesize that the discrepancy in species richness between habitats is explained by higher speciation rates in moist habitat and that niche conservatism prevents frequent shifts between habitats.LocationGlobal.Time periodLast 100 Ma.Major taxa studiedArecaceae.MethodsWe used trait‐dependent diversification models to test whether different habitats affect palm speciation rates. Furthermore, palm assemblages were divided into three regions (Africa, Australasia and Neotropics) to test for niche conservatism and evaluate phylogenetic dissimilarity.ResultsWe found no relationship between speciation rate and habitat type. We detected phylogenetic signal for habitats at both global and continental scales, indicating that closely related species were more similar than expected by chance. Colonization of seasonally dry habitats occurred c. 60 Ma, yet most clades only diversified after c. 30 Ma. The high phylogenetic dissimilarity between habitat types at both global and continental scales was driven by high lineage turnover, at least for Africa and the Neotropics.Main conclusionsWe found a lack of differential speciation rates in setting the seasonally dry and moist palm‐richness discrepancy. However, over evolutionary history most palm lineages fail to colonize seasonally dry habitats owing to a tendency to retain ancestral habitat. Indeed, seasonally dry palm assemblages are the result of the diversification of particular lineages. Likewise, long‐term dry periods appear to induce shifts in taxonomic and functional diversity, and we emphasize that the expansion of dry habitats might also imply a loss of palm clades, hence a reduction in phylogenetic diversity.
Predictors of happiness among older Korean women living alone
Authors: Kim Jongim , Song Youngshin , Kim Taehee , Park Keumok 
Published: February 2019

AimThe level of happiness of older adults is associated with their psychosocial and physical health. Currently, little is known about the predictors of happiness among older women living alone in the community. The present study aimed to identify these predictors.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study of older women who were living alone and were registered with a social welfare center in an old urban area in South Korea. We designated various demographic factors along with health‐related information, perceived self‐esteem and depressive symptoms as independent variables predicting happiness. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were carried out.ResultsIn total, 154 participants were recruited. They showed a moderate level of happiness. Furthermore, happiness was negatively correlated with the number of comorbidities, presence of pain and depressive symptoms, but positively correlated with self‐esteem. The final model in hierarchical regression showed that depressive symptoms were powerful predictors of happiness after controlling the covariates and accounted for approximately 76.7% of the total variances.ConclusionsThe happiness of older women living alone was associated with their self‐esteem and depressive symptoms. Interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms and improving self‐esteem should be developed and applied to this population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 352–356.
Development of a Composite Hydrologic Index for Semi‐Arid Region of India
Authors: Jeet Pawan , Singh D. K. , Sarangi A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRainfall is the major source for groundwater recharge in basins areas of central region of India. Now a day, the river basins are experiencing acute shortage of water which has resulted in lowering of groundwater level and drying up of water bodies. In order to maintain water sustainability; a composite hydrologic index was developed in the Betwa basin of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh states, India. The index was developed using principal component analysis through hydrologic, topographic as well as geographic parameters derived from the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and MODFLOW model. The geomorphological parameters were categorized, on the basis of groundwater recharge potential and weight ranged from 1 to 4. The geomorphologic parameters, that is, soil type (T), slope (S), runoff ratio (R), and evapotranspiration (ET) were integrated into a single indicator of composite hydrologic index. Soil type and ET were the major factors that directly affected the groundwater recharge. These two parameters together explained 86% of total variability in the data. Based on the analysis of the four parameters that affected groundwater recharge, composite hydrologic index (CHI) was classified into very good, good, moderate, and low grade. The CHI was statistically validated using standardization methods. The index was developed as a water management tool to measure a sustainability state relative to a groundwater recharge potential, which allows for spatial and temporal comparison. This index will be helpful in natural resource management and will improve socioeconomic status of human population inhibiting in the semi‐arid region.
A visage of early Paleozoic Japan: Geotectonic and paleobiogeographical significance of Greater South China
Authors: Isozaki Yukio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe current state of knowledge on the early Paleozoic evolution of Japan is reviewed. Although early Paleozoic Japan marked the foundation of long‐lasting subduction‐related orogenic growth throughout the Phanerozoic, details of this have not been fully revealed. Nevertheless, U‐Pb dating of zircons both in Paleozoic granitoids and sandstones is revealing several new aspects of early Paleozoic Japan. The timing of the major tectonic change, from a passive continental margin setting (Stage I) to an active one (Stage II), was constrained to the Cambrian by identifying the oldest arc granitoid, high‐P/T blueschist, and terrigenous clastics of arc‐related basins. Ages of recycled zircons in granitoids and sandstones provided critical information on the homeland of Japan, i.e. the continental margin along which proto‐Japan began to grow. The early Paleozoic continental margin that hosted the development of an arc‐trench system in proto‐Japan had cratonic basement composed mostly of Proterozoic crust with a minor Archean component. The predominant occurrence of Neoproterozoic zircons in Paleozoic rocks, as xenocrysts in arc granitoids and also as detrital grains in terrigenous clastics, indicates that the relevant continental block was a part of South China, probably forming a northeastern segment of Greater South China (GSC) together with the Khanka/Jiamsi/Bureya mega‐block in Far East Asia. GSC was probably twice as large as the present conterminous South China on mainland Asia. Paleozoic Japan formed a segment of a mature arc‐trench system along the Pacific side of GSC, where the N–S‐trending Pacific‐rim orogenic belt (Nipponides) developed with an almost perpendicular relationship with the E–W‐trending Central Asian orogenic belt. The faunal characteristics of the Permian marine fauna in Japan, both with the Tethyan and Boreal elements, can be better explained than before in good accordance with the relative position of GSC with respect to the North China block during the late Paleozoic.
Olive oil inhibits ageing signs induced by chronic stress in ex vivo human skin via inhibition of extracellular‐signal‐related kinase 1/2 and c‐JUN pathways
Authors: Romana‐Souza B. , Monte‐Alto‐Costa A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveChronic stress‐induced oxidative damage and protease synthesis cause a loss of extracellular matrix components promoting human skin ageing. The administration of antioxidant compounds, such as those observed in olive oil, may attenuate stress‐induced ageing signs in human skin. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of olive oil administration in ex vivo stressed human skin.MethodsExplants of human skin were treated with high levels of epinephrine (as observed in stressed patients) and olive oil in medium for 13 days. Cultures treated with medium alone were used as controls.ResultsOlive oil reversed the high epinephrine level‐induced reduction in epidermis and dermis thickness and collagen fibre content in ex vivo human skin. The increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels (an index of lipid peroxidation) promoted by high levels of epinephrine were also attenuated by olive oil in ex vivo human skin. Moreover, olive oil was able to reverse the high epinephrine level‐induced increase in extracellular signal‐related kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and c‐JUN (a major component of transcription factor AP‐1) phosphorylation and protein matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) expression in ex vivo human skin.ConclusionOlive oil attenuates stress‐induced ageing signs (thinner dermis and collagen fibre loss) in ex vivo human skin by reducing MMP‐2 expression, ROS production, and ERK 1/2 and c‐JUN phosphorylation.
Heat transfer from glass melt to cold cap: Effect of heating rate
Authors: Lee Seung Min , Hrma Pavel , Pokorny Richard , Traverso Joseph J. , Klouzek Jaroslav , Schweiger Michael J. , Kruger Albert A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConversion of melter feed to glass occurs in the cold cap that floats on the melt pool in a nuclear waste glass melter. The conversion rate (the melting rate or the glass production rate) is controlled by the heat flux delivered to the cold cap from the molten glass. In an attempt to analyze the intricate relationship between the rate of heating, the feed foaming response, and the rate of melting, we measured the change in feed volume at different heating rates by using several melter feeds known to exhibit a wide range of melting rates under identical melter operating conditions. As expected, the maximum foam porosity increased as the heating rate increased. However, contrary to expectation, the temperature at which the foam reached maximum volume either decreased or increased with the heating rate, depending on the feed composition. A change in maximum foam temperature from the feed volume expansion test indicates a similar change of the cold‐cap bottom temperature, which influences the heat flow to the cold cap, and thus the rate of melting.
Evaluation of the detection of blasts by Sysmex hematology instruments, CellaVision DM96, and manual microscopy using flow cytometry as the confirmatory method
Authors: Eilertsen Heidi , Sæther Per Christian , Henriksson Carola E. , Petersen Anne‐Sofie , Hagve Tor‐Arne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of blast flags generated by Sysmex instruments (XE/XN) by comparing with immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (IFCM). Additionally, the ability of manual microscopy and CellaVision DM96 (pre‐ and reclassification) to predict the presence of “true” blasts was investigated.MethodsBlood samples (n = 240) with suspect pathology flags reported by the XE were collected from the daily workload and examined by the XN, by manual microscopy, by CellaVision DM96 and by IFCM (CytoDiff Panel).ResultsThe ROC analysis for blasts showed an area under the curve of 0.64 (“Blasts?”) (XE), 0.57 (“Blasts/Abn Lympho?”) (XN), 0.75 (CellaVision preclassification procedure), 0.78 (CellaVision reclassification procedure), and 0.81 (manual microscopy). The sensitivity of blast detection varied between the methods from 0.41 (XE) to 0.90 (XN), and the specificity varied from 0.17 (XN) to 0.95 (CellaVision reclassification).ConclusionsThe CellaVision reclassification procedure has a diagnostic ability for predicting blasts close to that of manual microscopy. The blood smear methods show a notable number of false negative results. The Sysmex XN reported a higher rate of true positive blast flags than the XE. Taken together, the CytoDiff method could be a useful alternative to smear examination to correctly identify blasts.