bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young Adults' Patterns of Leaving the Parental Home: A Focus on Differences Among Asian Americans
Authors: Ho Phoebe , Park Hyunjoon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective: This study investigates racial and ethnic variations in patterns of leaving the parental home, focusing on differences among Asian Americans.Background: Leaving the parental home, considered an important marker of the transition to adulthood, has become more complex for young adults. Asian American young adults are often treated as a monolithic group in studies of residential independence despite ethnic variation in socioeconomic status.Method: Using nationally representative data on high school seniors (Education Longitudinal Study of 2002; n = 10,770), binary logistic regression models compare the odds of leaving the parental home by age 20 and by 26 among East Asians, Southeast Asians, South Asians, Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. In addition, the following four patterns of residential independence are identified based on living arrangements between the two ages: early fliers, stayers, returners, and later fliers. Multinomial logistic regression models compare the odds of experiencing each pattern by race/ethnicity.Results: There is variation among Asian Americans in family socioeconomic status and cultural orientations toward familism. Multivariate analyses reveal that East Asian young adults are consistently more likely to attain residential independence compared to Southeast Asians and South Asians. Family socioeconomic status and cultural factors explain some but not all of the remaining differences among Asian Americans.Conclusion: Findings highlight the need to consider racial and ethnic diversity and the role of family resources and cultural factors in the transition to adulthood.
Colistin heteroresistance in Enterobacter cloacae is regulated by PhoPQ‐dependent 4‐amino‐4‐deoxy‐l‐arabinose addition to lipid A
Authors: Kang Katie N. , Klein Dustin R. , Kazi Misha I. , Guérin François , Cattoir Vincent , Brodbelt Jennifer S. , Boll Joseph M. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) consists of closely related bacteria commonly associated with the human microbiota. ECC are increasingly isolated from healthcare‐associated infections, demonstrating that these Enterobacteriaceae are emerging nosocomial pathogens. ECC can rapidly acquire multidrug resistance to conventional antibiotics. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) have served as therapeutic alternatives because they target the highly conserved lipid A component of the Gram‐negative outer membrane. Many Enterobacteriaceae fortify their outer membrane with cationic amine‐containing moieties to prevent CAMP binding, which can lead to cell lysis. The PmrAB two‐component system (TCS) directly activates 4‐amino‐4‐deoxy‐l‐arabinose (l‐Ara4N) biosynthesis to result in cationic amine moiety addition to lipid A in many Enterobacteriaceae such as E. coli and Salmonella. In contrast, PmrAB is dispensable for CAMP resistance in E. cloacae. Interestingly, some ECC clusters exhibit colistin heteroresistance, where a subpopulation of cells exhibit clinically significant resistance levels compared to the majority population. We demonstrate that E. cloacae lipid A is modified with l‐Ara4N to induce CAMP heteroresistance and the regulatory mechanism is independent of the PmrABEcl TCS. Instead, PhoPEcl binds to the arnBEcl promoter to induce l‐Ara4N biosynthesis and PmrAB‐independent addition to the lipid A disaccharolipid. Therefore, PhoPQEcl contributes to regulation of CAMP heteroresistance in some ECC clusters.
Posterity Is Now
Authors: Shannon Jen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGuided by the notion that posterity is now, this is a call to take seriously the experiences of museum staff working in collaboration and consultation with Native peoples and to reorient the purpose of the museum to the values embedded in these interactions. Namely, this statement recognizes that heritage work in museum collections is not only about cultural identity and the past, but more often it is oriented toward the present and future of Indigenous communities to benefit their health and well‐being.
Occupational stress, quality of working life and turnover intention amongst nurses
Authors: Chegini Zahra , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad , Kakemam Edris 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundTurnover intention is a frequent event in almost all institutions and is associated with unfavourable consequences for employees.AimThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between occupational stress, quality of working life and turnover intention amongst nurses working in critical care units in Iran.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design was used.MethodThe study was conducted in the critical care units of 10 hospitals in Tabriz, Iran, between July and November 2017 using a sample of 203 nurses. Data were obtained using a self‐administered questionnaire, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors impacting turnover intention.ResultsOverall, 64% of nurses had an intention to leave their job; 82·8% of respondents reported their job to be highly stressful, and 81·2% reported their quality of working life to be low. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that age (p = 0·006), clinical experience (p = 0·005), duty stressors (p = 0·040), interpersonal relations stressors, (p = 0·029) communication (p = 0·007), motivation (p = 0·006), job security (p = 0·040) and job pride (p = 0·011) were factors affecting turnover intention.ConclusionOccupational stress and quality of working life are associated with turnover intention amongst nurses working in critical care units. Further research is needed to determine the generalizability of these results to other settings and countries and to identify interventions that could reduce occupational stress and improve the quality of working life so that turnover intention might be reduced.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this research suggest that lower perceived occupational stress and higher quality of working life will result in less reported turnover intention in critical care unit nurses.
Optimizing embryo age and media for enhancing hybrid seedling recovery in sour orange (Citrus aurantium) × Sacaton citrumelo (C. paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata) crosses through embryo rescue
Authors: Soni Anjali , Dubey Anil Kumar , Gupta Ankit , Sharma Radha Mohan , Prakash Awasthi Om , Bharadwaj Chellapilla , Sharma Nimisha 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn citrus, development of new hybrids is difficult due to failure of the germination of zygotic embryos. Hence, this study was conducted to standardize embryo age and media for maximizing the germination and subsequent seedling growth in sour orange × Sacaton citrumelo crosses followed by the identification of simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers for distinguishing the hybrids. A factorial experiment in complete randomized design was conducted with two each embryo age (110–120 and 130–140 days after pollination) and culture media (G‐B5 supplemented with 1.5 mg/L GA3 plus malt extract and G‐B5 plus malt extract) for in vitro embryo culture of sour orange × Sacaton citrumelo progenies. Older embryos germinated well in both media, though highest on M1 medium (100%). In fact, M1 medium gave higher plantlet survival in both age groups. The seedling growth of older embryos had highest root length (37.80 mm) and shoot length (24.20 mm) in M1 medium at 60 days after inoculation (DAI). Three SSR markers (TAA45, CAC15 and CAC39) showed polymorphism between female and male parents and were able to identify their hybrids.
Interleaving Syntax and Postsyntax: Spellout before Syntactic Movement
Authors: Martinović Martina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article explores the proposal that a phase can be at least partially spelled out and then subsequently accessed by heads from a higher phase. I provide morphological evidence for this claim, by looking at examples in which a morphological (i.e., postsyntactic) process feeds a later narrowly syntactic one. Main evidence comes from the interaction between syntactic head movement and postsyntactic affixation in the Niger‐Congo language Wolof, which confirms an important prediction of the analysis. Namely, if a postsyntactic process can feed a syntactic one, we also expect the postsyntactic process to be bled if the structural conditions for its application are not met, resulting in surface opacity effects. This is precisely what we find in Wolof, where the past‐tense morphemeoonis postsyntactically affixed onto the verb in a particular structural configuration and carried along with it to C but is stranded by the verb below C if the structural requirements for its affixation are not met.
Crusted scabies in a renal transplant recipient treated with daily ivermectin: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Michael Ke , Chin‐Yee Benjamin , Lo Carson Ka‐Lok , Lee Stephen , El‐Helou Philippe , Alowami Salem , Gangji Azim , Ribic Christine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCrusted scabies is a rare disease variant associated with T‐cell dysregulation. Transplant patients are at risk of developing crusted scabies as a consequence of their immunosuppressive regimens. We report a case of crusted scabies presenting with recurrent septicemia in a 65‐year‐old renal transplant recipient, treated with daily ivermectin for 7 days after initial failure of weekly ivermectin dosing. A literature review of crusted scabies in transplant recipients consisting of 19 cases reports was summarized. Pruritus was common, and initial misdiagnosis was frequent. Most were treated with topical therapy, with one‐third receiving ivermectin. Three of seven cases presenting with a concomitant infection died. Crusted scabies is commonly misdiagnosed in transplant recipients owing to its rarity, varied appearance, and different skin distributions. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of transplant recipients presenting with rash and pruritus, given its association with secondary infection and subsequent mortality.
The Acute Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Tennis Serve Targeting Performance
Authors: Turna Bulent , Sahan Asuman , Yilmaz Bahar 
Published: March 2019

The study investigates the acute effects of dynamic and static stretching on the tennis serve targeting performance of amateur tennis players. Twenty male athletes who were between the ages of 16-24 years and played tennis for at least 1 year (21.40±2.16 years, 181±0.06 cm, 71.85±7.42 kg, tennis playing time 1.55±0.88 years) voluntarily participated in the study.Prior to the pre-tests and after applying the traditional warm-up protocol, serve targeting test (STT) was applied to all participants. In the post-tests, STT was used after applying three different warm-up methods on three different days (48-hour rest interval). The warm-up stages included No Treatment (NT) (jogging, rally), Static Stretching (SS) and Dynamic Stretching (DS).In the statistical analysis, the homogeneity of the data was investigated using the Shapiro Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the non-homogeneous data; Friedman test was used to compare the three different stretching methods with each other; in the paired comparisons of the groups, the paired samples t-test was used for the homogenous data and Wilcoxon test was used for the non-homogeneous data. In conclusion, stretching exercises before serving increased the serve targeting performance and the increase in the dynamic stretching exercises was higher than that in static stretching exercises.
Genetics and Pathogenicity Factors of Group C and G Streptococci
Authors: Malke Horst 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Of the eight phylogenetic groups comprising the genus
Streptococcus
, Lancefield group C and G streptococci (GCS and GGS, resp.) occupy four of them, including the Pyogenic, Anginosus, and Mitis groups, and one Unnamed group so far. These organisms thrive as opportunistic commensals in both humans and animals but may also be associated with clinically serious infections, often resembling those due to their closest genetic relatives, the group A streptoccci (GAS). Advances in molecular genetics, taxonomic approaches and phylogenomic studies have led to the establishment of at least 12 species, several of which being subdivided into subspecies. This review summarizes these advances, citing 264 early and recent references. It focuses on the molecular structure and genetic regulation of clinically important proteins associated with the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane and extracellular environment. The article also addresses the question of how, based on the current knowledge, basic research and translational medicine might proceed to further advance our understanding of these multifaceted organisms. Particular emphasis in this respect is placed on streptokinase as the protein determining the host specificity of infection and the Rsh-mediated stringent response with its potential for supporting bacterial survival under nutritional stress conditions.
Streptococcus pneumoniae: Invasion and Inflammation
Authors: Loughran Allister J. , Orihuela Carlos J. , Tuomanen Elaine I. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumoccus) is the leading cause of otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia, and bacterial meningitis. The success of the pneumococcus stems from its ability to persist in the population as a commensal and avoid killing by immune system. This chapter first reviews the molecular mechanisms that allow the pneumococcus to colonize and spread from one anatomical site to the next. Then, it discusses the mechanisms of inflammation and cytotoxicity during emerging and classical pneumococcal infections.
Staphylococcus aureusSecreted Toxins and Extracellular Enzymes
Authors: Tam Kayan , Torres Victor J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis a formidable pathogen capable of causing infections in different sites of the body in a variety of vertebrate animals, including humans and livestock. A major contribution to the success ofS. aureusas a pathogen is the plethora of virulence factors that manipulate the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses. Many of these immune modulating virulence factors are secreted toxins, cofactors for activating host zymogens, and exoenzymes. Secreted toxins such as pore-forming toxins and superantigens are highly inflammatory and can cause leukocyte cell death by cytolysis and clonal deletion, respectively. Coagulases and staphylokinases are cofactors that hijack the host’s coagulation system. Exoenzymes, including nucleases and proteases, cleave and inactivate various immune defense and surveillance molecules, such as complement factors, antimicrobial peptides, and surface receptors that are important for leukocyte chemotaxis. Additionally, some of these secreted toxins and exoenzymes can cause disruption of endothelial and epithelial barriers through cell lysis and cleavage of junction proteins. A unique feature when examining the repertoire ofS. aureussecreted virulence factors is the apparent functional redundancy exhibited by the majority of the toxins and exoenzymes. However, closer examination of each virulence factor revealed that each has unique properties that have important functional consequences. This chapter provides a brief overview of our current understanding of the major secreted virulence factors critical forS. aureuspathogenesis.
Patient centred care for multimorbidity improves patient experience, but quality of life is unchanged
Authors: Cook Rob , Lamont Tara , Taft Rachel 
Published: March 2019

The studyA patient-centred intervention to improve the management of multimorbidity in general practice: the 3D RCT. Salisbury C, Man M-S, Chaplin K, et al.Published in Health Serv Deliv Res 2019;7(5). This study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Programme (project number 12/130/15).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to: https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000658/patient-centred-care-for-multimorbidity-improves-patient-experience-but-quality-of-life-is-unchanged
SWI/SNF-Compromised Cancers Are Susceptible to Bromodomain Inhibitors
Authors: Shorstova Tatiana , Marques Maud , Su Jie , Johnston Jake , Kleinman Claudia L. , Hamel Nancy , Huang Sidong , Alaoui-Jamali Moulay A. , Foulkes William D. , Witcher Michael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

The antitumor activity of bromodomain and extraterminal motif protein inhibitors (BETi) has been demonstrated across numerous types of cancer. As such, these inhibitors are currently undergoing widespread clinical evaluation. However, predictive biomarkers allowing the stratification of tumors into responders and nonresponders to BETi are lacking. Here, we showed significant antiproliferative effects of low dosage BETi in vitro and in vivo against aggressive ovarian and lung cancer models lacking SMARCA4 and SMARCA2, key components of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes. Restoration of SMARCA4 or SMARCA2 promoted resistance to BETi in these models and, conversely, knockdown of SMARCA4 sensitized resistant cells to BETi. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that exposure to BETi potently downregulated a network of genes involved in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling in SMARCA4/A2-deficient cells, including the oncogenic RTK HER3. Repression of signaling downstream of HER3 was found to be an important determinant of response to BETi in SMARCA4/A2-deficient cells. Overall, we propose that BETi represent a rational therapeutic strategy in poor-prognosis, SMARCA4/A2-deficient cancers.

Significance:
These findings address an unmet clinical need by identifying loss of SMARCA4/A2 as biomarkers of hypersensitivity to BETi.
AQP4 Aggregation State Is a Determinant for Glioma Cell Fate
Authors: Simone Laura , Pisani Francesco , Mola Maria G. , De Bellis Manuela , Merla Giuseppe , Micale Lucia , Frigeri Antonio , Vescovi Angelo L. , Svelto Maria , Nicchia Grazia P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe glial water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) forms heterotetramers in the plasma membrane made of the M23-AQP4 and M1-AQP4 isoforms. The isoform ratio controls AQP4 aggregation into supramolecular structures called orthogonal arrays of particles (AQP4-OAP). The role of AQP4 aggregation into OAP in malignant gliomas is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that AQP4 aggregation/disaggregation into OAP influences the biology of glioma cells. Selective expression of the OAP-forming isoform M23-AQP4 (AQP4-OAP) triggered cell shape changes in glioma cells associated with alterations to the F-actin cytoskeleton that affected apoptosis. By contrast, expression of M1-AQP4 (AQP4-tetramers), which is unable to aggregate into OAP, ameliorated glioma cell invasiveness, improved cell migration, and increased methalloproteinase-9 activity. Two prolines (254 and 296) at the C-terminus tail were shown to be important in mediating the relationship between the actin cytoskeleton and AQP4-OAP and AQP4-tetramers. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that AQP4 aggregation state might be an important determinant in orienting glioma cells to persist or perish. AQP4 disaggregation may potentiate invasiveness potential, whereas AQP4 aggregation may activate the apoptotic path. This study shows a new perspective on the role of AQP4 in brain tumors not necessarily associated with edema formation but with AQP4 aggregation/disaggregation dynamics and their link with the actin cytoskeleton.Significance:This study demonstrates how AQP4 aggregation influences plasma membrane dynamics to alter cell proliferation, invasiveness, migration, and apoptotic potential in glioma cells.
Combined Menin and EGFR Inhibitors Synergize to Suppress Colorectal Cancer via EGFR-Independent and Calcium-Mediated Repression of SKP2 Transcription
Authors: Katona Bryson W. , Glynn Rebecca A. , Paulosky Kayla E. , Feng Zijie , Davis Caroline I. , Ma Jian , Berry Corbett T. , Szigety Katherine M. , Matkar Smita , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Haoren , Wu Yuan , He Xin , Freedman Bruce D. , Brady Donita C. , Hua Xianxin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Menin is a nuclear epigenetic regulator that can both promote and suppress tumor growth in a highly tissue-specific manner. The role of menin in colorectal cancer, however, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that menin was overexpressed in colorectal cancer and that inhibition of menin synergized with small-molecule inhibitors of EGFR (iEGFR) to suppress colorectal cancer cells and tumor xenografts in vivo in an EGFR-independent manner. Mechanistically, menin bound the promoter of SKP2, a pro-oncogenic gene crucial for colorectal cancer growth, and promoted its expression. Moreover, the iEGFR gefitinib activated endoplasmic reticulum calcium channel inositol trisphosphate receptor 3 (IP3R3)–mediated release of calcium, which directly bound menin. Combined inhibition of menin and iEGFR-induced calcium release synergistically suppressed menin-mediated expression of SKP2 and growth of colorectal cancer. Together, these findings uncover a molecular convergence of menin and the iEGFR-induced, IP3R3-mediated calcium release on SKP2 transcription and reveal opportunities to enhance iEGFR efficacy to improve treatments for colorectal cancer.

Significance:
Menin acts as a calcium-responsive regulator of SKP2 expression, and small molecule EGFR inhibitors, which induce calcium release, synergize with Menin inhibition to reduce SKP2 expression and suppress colorectal cancer.