bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ‘wind of change’—shaping public opinion of the Arab Spring using metaphors
Authors: Núñez Alexandra , Gerloff Malte , Do Dinh Erik-Lân , Rapp Andrea , Gehring Petra , Gurevych Iryna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNewspapers create publicity, draw attention to topics, and try to gain thematic acceptance from the reader. To achieve this, they use linguistic strategies and select culturally and historically evolved encyclopedic knowledge sources. In our pilot study we explore the presentation of the events in the Middle East–North African region between December 2010 and November 2011 that were soon metaphorically framed as the Arab Spring. To this end, we use a text corpus consisting of 300 opinion pieces from five national German newspapers. To get access to the conceptual knowledge structure and the linguistic strategies, we combine text mining methods and cognitive linguistics. We focus on conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) and their binary source–target structure, where the source domain reveals the underlying conceptual knowledge structures of the speaker. This research focus is justified by the omnipresence of political abstract nouns and by the consistency of metaphors—in particular, genitive metaphor constructions—within the corpus. We first annotate parts of our corpus for such metaphors. Then, additional genitive metaphors are automatically extracted using an adapted metaphor detection system. Finally, we use a clustering algorithm to group the metaphors by source domain. In the following manual cluster analysis, we show that conceptual metaphors are being used throughout the corpus in a systematic way to implicitly categorize and assess the Arab Spring.
Remembrance of contemporary events: On setting up the Sunflower Movement Archive
Authors: Chuang Tyng-Ruey 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In the late evening of 18 March 2014, students and activists stormed into and occupied the main chamber of Taiwan's Legislature. The event set off the Sunflower Movement, signifying a turning point in Taiwan's recent history. Researchers at Academia Sinica arranged to acquire all the supporting artifacts and documentary materials in the chamber before the protest came to a peaceful end. In this article, we discuss the issues in archiving and making available to the public a large collection of artifacts created by thousands of participants during a contemporary event. We demonstrate systems designed to encourage people to identify objects of their own in the archive. We show how an accessible catalog to the archive can help people tell their stories, hence collectively may strengthen the public's recollections about the movement.
A Validation and Calibration Process for Self-reported Tobacco Use With Participants’ Cotinine Levels: An Example From the Building Blocks Trial
Authors: Huang Chao , Roberts Zoe , Cannings-John Rebecca , Sanders Julia , Pickett Kate , Montgomery Alan , Robling Michael 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Reducing smoking in pregnancy was a primary outcome in our Building Blocks trial of the Family Nurse Partnership. We calibrated maternal reports of smoking using cotinine values derived from urine samples to assess tobacco use. This involves identifying the extent to which an individual accurately reports smoking and requires complete and synchronized data collection over time. However, some urine samples may be missed or collected at a different time from self-report (non-synchronized

Methods
We used statistical validation processes to address both non-synchronized and incomplete data. First, we examined consistency in reporting behaviors at baseline and follow-up for participants grouped by extent of non-synchronized time of collection. Second, we used data from complete cases to infer values for mothers with missing urine samples at follow-up. We then used Markov chain transition rate matrix constructed to assess the robustness of such inferences.

Results
Maternal underreporting and overreporting of smoking were consistent across the 870 participants grouped by different levels of noncontemporary data collection (Breslow-Day test: p = .24; chi-square test: p = .69). Using participants’ baseline reporting behaviors to infer their follow-ups provided comparable smoking outcomes (4.5 cigarettes/day with SD of 5.5) to the simulated counterparts (4.5 cigarettes/day with SD of 6.0).

Conclusion
We have demonstrated consistent reporting behavior over time and minimal impact due to nonaligned follow-up urine sample collection. For studies collecting smoking data, this proposed method provided a pragmatic solution to facilitate the calibration process of self-reported tobacco use and retain adequate power without introducing undue bias.

Implications
Synchronized and completed data collection is essential but very often hard to achieve in smoking related studies. When violated, proper statistical validation process should be followed to minimize the potential bias and loss of power in trial analyses. For this purpose, we provided the Building Block trial as an example to demonstrate how to deal with the non-synchronization and incompleteness issues in data collection.
The Relationship Between Progestin Hormonal Contraception and Depression: A Systematic Review
Authors: Worly Brett L. , Gur Tamar L. , Schaffir Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from Contraception 2018;97(6):478–489)
Reliable contraceptive options are needed by sexually active women of reproductive age who want to prevent pregnancy. To avoid the risks or adverse effect of estrogen, many women choose a hormonal contraceptive formulated only with progestin.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: Deceleration Area Is Predictive of Fetal Acidemia
Authors: Cahill Alison G. , Tuuli Methodius G. , Stout Molly J. , López Julia D. , Macones George A. 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218:523.e1–523.e12)
Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is the most commonly used tool in obstetrics in the United States, used ubiquitously in US hospitals to monitor the fetal heart rate during labor. However, clear categorization of EFM patterns that predict acidemia remains unclear, and there is a lack of evidence supporting EFM's ability to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Contextualizing Work-Based Assessments of Faculty and Residents: Is There a Relationship Between the Clinical Practice Environment and Assessments of Learners and Teachers?
Authors: Stroud Lynfa , Kulasegaram Kulamakan , McDonald-Blumer Heather , Lorens Edmund , St. Amant Lisa , Ginsburg Shiphra 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Competence is bound to context, yet seldom is environment explicitly considered in work-based assessments. This study explored faculty and residents’ perspectives of the environment during internal medicine clinical teaching unit (CTU) rotations, the extent that each group accounts for environmental factors in assessments, and relationships between environmental factors and assessments.

Method
From July 2014 to June 2015, 212 residents and 54 faculty across 5 teaching hospitals at University of Toronto rated their CTU environment using a novel Practice Environment Rating Scale (PERS) matched by block and hospital. Faculty-PERS data were paired to In-Training Evaluation Reports (ITERs) of residents supervised during each block, and Resident-PERS data to Resident Assessment of Teaching Effectiveness (RATE) scores of the same faculty. Differences between perceptions and assessments were tested using repeated-measures MANOVAs, ANOVAs, and correlations.

Results
One-hundred sixty-four residents completed the PERS; residents rated the CTU environment more positively than faculty (3.91/5 vs. 3.29, P < .001). Residents were less likely to report considering environmental factors when assessing faculty (2.70/5) compared with faculty assessing residents (3.40, P < .0001), d = 1.2. Whereas Faculty-PERS ratings did not correlate with ITER scores, Resident-PERS ratings had weak to moderate correlations with RATE scores (overall r = 0.27, P = .001).

Conclusions
Residents’ perceptions of the environment had small but significant correlations with assessments of faculty. Faculty’s perceptions did not affect assessments of residents, potentially because they reported accounting for environmental factors. Understanding the interplay between environment and assessment is essential to developing valid competency judgments.
Clinical Reference Points for the Screen for Child Anxiety–related Disorders in 2 Investigations of Youth With Chronic Pain
Authors: Cunningham Natoshia R. , Jagpal Anjana , Nelson Sarah , Jastrowski Mano Kristen E. , Tran Susan T. , Lynch-Jordan Anne M. , Hainsworth Keri , Peugh James , Mara Constance A. , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita 
Published: October 2018

Objective:Anxiety is common in pediatric chronic pain and is related to a higher risk for poor outcomes; thus, there is a need for effective clinical screening methods to identify youth with chronic pain and co-occurring anxiety. The Screen for Child Anxiety–related Disorders (SCARED) is a validated measure that defines clinically significant anxiety using the traditional clinical cut-off, but in pain populations, may fail to screen in youth with subclinical anxiety that may also be at increased risk. Two studies aimed to devise a clinically meaningful approach to capture anxiety severity in pediatric chronic pain.Materials and Methods:Study 1 (n=959) and Study 2 (n=207) were completed at 2 separate pediatric pain clinics, where the SCARED was administered along with measures of disability, activity limitations, pain intensity, quality of life, and pain catastrophizing. Groups with different levels of anxiety were compared on clinical outcomes via multivariate analyses of variance or independent samplesttests.Results:A tertile solution suggested the following anxiety groupings based on the SCARED: minimal (0 to 12), subclinical (13 to 24), and clinical (≥25). Across both studies, the tertile solution was generally superior in classifying different levels of pain-related outcomes.Discussion:Future directions include testing the utility of this anxiety classification system to identify youth with subclinical levels of anxiety for early intervention focused on both pain and anxiety management.
Optimizing the Volume–Value Relationship in Laminectomy
Authors: Frankel William C. , Navarro Sergio M. , Haeberle Heather S. , Ramanathan Deepak , Ramkumar Prem N. 
Published: October 2018

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The objective of the present study was to establish evidence-based volume thresholds for surgeons and hospitals predictive of enhanced value in the setting of laminectomy.

Summary of Background Data.
Previous studies have attempted to characterize the relationship between volume and value; however, none to the authors’ knowledge has employed an evidence-based approach to identify thresholds yielding enhanced value.

Methods.
In total, 67,758 patients from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database undergoing laminectomy in the period 2009 to 2015 were included. We used stratum-specific likelihood ratio analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves to establish volume thresholds predictive of increased length of stay (LOS) and cost for surgeons and hospitals.

Results.
Analysis of LOS by surgeon volume produced strata at: <17 (low), 17 to 40 (medium), 41 to 71 (high), and >71 (very high). Analysis of cost by surgeon volume produced strata at: <17 (low), 17 to 33 (medium), 34 to 86 (high), and >86 (very high). Analysis of LOS by hospital volume produced strata at: <43 (very low), 43 to 96 (low), 97 to 147 (medium), 148 to 172 (high), and >172 (very high). Analysis of cost by hospital volume produced strata at: <43 (very low), 43 to 82 (low), 83 to 115 (medium), 116 to 169 (high), and >169 (very high). LOS and cost decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in progressively higher volume categories for both surgeons and hospitals. For LOS, medium-volume surgeons handle the largest proportion of laminectomies (36%), whereas very high-volume hospitals handle the largest proportion (48%).

Conclusion.
This study supports a direct volume–value relationship for surgeons and hospitals in the setting of laminectomy. These findings provide target-estimated thresholds for which hospitals and surgeons may receive meaningful return on investment in our increasingly value-based system. Further value-based optimization is possible in the finding that while the highest volume hospitals handle the largest proportion of laminectomies, the highest volume surgeons do not.

Level of Evidence: 3
Are there differences in the efficacy of once-weekly GLP-1RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Authors: Strong Jodi 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Several long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been developed for the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This narrative review compares the relative efficacy of these agents according to glycemic and nonglycemic endpoints in key clinical trials. Primary reports of clinical trials used to support the regulatory applications of once-weekly GLP 1RAs were selected. These articles were critically reviewed for information on efficacy, and comparative assessments were made where possible. The estimated treatment differences for once-weekly GLP-1RAs versus placebo showed that all these agents are effective in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Variations in efficacies of other endpoints were also evident, but no overall pattern emerged. Two head-to-head trials showed that once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg was more effective than once-weekly exenatide 2.0 mg (treatment difference: 0.62%; p < .0001) and dulaglutide 1.5 mg (treatment difference: −0.41%; p < 0.0001). Similar trends were evident with bodyweight reductions. Once-weekly GLP-1RAs are a good therapeutic option for patients with T2D. There are differences between the glycemic and nonglycemic efficacies of these agents that, along with adverse event profiles, need to be considered by nurse practitioners when selecting a GLP-1RA for an individual patient.
Among inpatients, ischemic bowel disease predisposes to Clostridium difficile infection with concomitant higher mortality and worse outcomes
Authors: Adejumo Adeyinka C. , Akanbi Olalekan , Pani Lydie 
Published: October 2018

Background and aimsClinical conditions resulting in hypoxia, hypoperfusion, anaerobic milieu within the gut, and intestinal epithelial breakdown, such as seen in heart failure, precipitatesClostridium difficileinfection (CDI). Given that ischemic bowel disease (IB) typically results in similar changes within the gut, we investigated the relationship between CDI and IB, and the impact of CDI on the clinical outcomes of IB.Patients and methodsWe initially performed a cross-sectional analysis on the 2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project – Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) patient’s discharge records of ages 18 years and older, by estimating the crude and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of CDI and IB as the outcome and predictor respectively. We then pooled data from the 2012–2014 NIS, identified, and compared mortality (and 15 other outcomes) between three groups: IB+CDI, IB-alone, and CDI-alone (Statistical Analysis System 9.4).ResultsIn the 2014 NIS, records with IB (n=27 609), had higher rate and odds of CDI [3.95 vs. 1.17%, aOR: 1.89 (1.77–2.02)] than records without IB (n=5 879 943). The 2012–2014 NIS contained 1105 IB+CDI, 30 960 IB-alone, and 60 758 CDI-alone groups. IB+CDI had higher mortality [aOR: 1.44 (1.11–1.86)], length of stay [9.59 (9.03–10.20) vs. 6.12 (5.99–6.26) days], cost [$93 257 (82 892–104 919) vs. $63 257 (61 029–65 567)], unfavorable discharge disposition [aOR: 2.24 (1.91–2.64)] and poorer results across most of the other outcomes than IB-alone. Comparable results were found for IB+CDI versus CDI-alone.ConclusionIB is a risk factor for CDI in hospitals. CDI is associated with higher mortality, longer length of stay, higher cost, unfavorable discharge, and many other poorer health outcomes in patients with IB.
End tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in acute asthma: a prospective pilot study in emergency department patients
Authors: Truchot Jennifer , Gayet Albéric-Rembrandt , Philippon Anne-Laure , Chauvin Anthony , Malka Johanna , Vicaut Eric , Plaisance Patrick 
Published: October 2018

The peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is the gold standard for monitoring asthmatic patients. However, its measurement requires understanding and active participation. End tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) may be considered an accurate surrogate for PaCO2, a severity marker in acute asthma. We studied the use of EtCO2 as a monitoring tool in acute asthma.

Patients and methods
This was a prospective study that included consecutive patients admitted to our emergency department for acute asthma exacerbation. Data were collected at first medical contact (T0) and after 1 h of treatment (T60). The primary endpoint was the change in EtCO2; the secondary endpoints included changes in the EtCO2
Q angle value, plateau T time, and change in EtCO2 values for the patients with a PEFR ratio less than 50% after treatment.

Results
Fifty-five patients were included and 36 waveforms were analysed. The mean age was 37 years and 26 (47%) were women. The median initial PEFR was 200 [interquartile range (IQR): 150–240]; the median EtCO2 at T0 and T60 was 35 (IQR: 30–38) and 34 (IQR: 29–37). There was no significant change in EtCO2 after treatment. There was no significant change in the Q angle and the T time after treatment. At T60, 20 (36%) patients had a PEFR ratio less than 50%. Change in EtCO2 from T60 to T0 was associated with a PEFR ratio less than 50%.

Conclusion
After 1 h of treatment, there was no significant change in EtCO2. A decrease in EtCO2 seems to be associated with a higher risk of PEFR ratio less than 50% after treatment.
Declining Sperm Counts… or Rather Not? A Mini Review
Authors: Ravanos Konstantinos , Petousis Stamatios , Margioula-Siarkou Chrysoula , Papatheodorou Achilleas , Panagiotidis Yannis , Prapas Nikos , Prapas Yannis 
Published: October 2018

ImportanceTemporal global trends of sperm quality remain a matter of debate.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to present a comprehensive review of studies reporting on sperm quality counts, summarize the main end points, and assess the main reasons for potential discrepancies.Evidence AcquisitionAn evidence-based review of PubMed and Scopus databases was performed regarding studies reporting on modification of sperm quality counts, independently of study character, study language, or date.ResultsSince the meta-analysis of Carlsen et al in 1992 (Br Med J1992;305:609–613) that suggested an annual decline in sperm count of 1%, several reports confirmed the decline in sperm quality, whereas others disproved them, suggesting a slight increase or absence of change in sperm count. Such controversies may be attributed to geographical and time-related variability in sperm values and also to several confounding factors that influence the semen parameters. Intrinsic weaknesses of the studies include heterogeneity of subjects recruited, lack of adjustment for confounding factors, and samples that do not always represent the general population.ConclusionsNo consensus exists on whether sperm counts actually decrease because studies' results are often controversial or inconclusive with methodological deficiencies. More prospective, large-scale, population based studies are needed in order to provide sound evidence of possible global trends in sperm count.Target AudienceObstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this activity, the learner should be better able to examine the modern trends about modification of sperm quality parameters, critique several reports revealing a decline in sperm quality, and demonstrate the necessity of performing more prospective, large-scale studies.
Reimagining Health Communication: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial of Crowdsourced Intervention in China
Authors: Tang Weiming , Mao Jessica , Liu Chuncheng , Mollan Katie , Zhang Ye , Tang Songyuan , Hudgens Michael , Ma Wei , Kang Dianmin , Wei Chongyi , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: October 2018

Background
Crowdsourcing, the process of shifting individual tasks to a large group, may be useful for health communication, making it more people-centered. We aimed to evaluate whether a crowdsourced video is noninferior to a social marketing video in promoting condom use.

Methods
Men who have sex with men (≥16 years old, had condomless sex within 3 months) were recruited and randomly assigned to watch 1 of the 2 videos in 2015. The crowdsourced video was developed through an open contest, and the social marketing video was designed by using social marketing principles. Participants completed a baseline survey and follow-up surveys at 3 weeks and 3 months postintervention. The outcome was compared with a noninferiority margin of +10%.

Results
Among the 1173 participants, 907 (77%) and 791 (67%) completed the 3-week and 3-month follow-ups. At 3 weeks, condomless sex was reported by 146 (33.6%) of 434 participants and 153 (32.3%) 473 participants in the crowdsourced and social marketing arms, respectively. The crowdsourced intervention achieved noninferiority (estimated difference, +1.3%; 95% confidence interval, −4.8% to 7.4%). At 3 months, 196 (52.1%) of 376 individuals and 206 (49.6%) of 415 individuals reported condomless sex in the crowdsourced and social-marketing arms (estimated difference: +2.5%, 95% confidence interval, −4.5 to 9.5%). The 2 arms also had similar human immunodeficiency virus testing rates and other condom-related secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that crowdsourced message is noninferior to a social marketing intervention in promoting condom use among Chinese men who have sex with men. Crowdsourcing contests could have a wider reach than other approaches and create more people-centered intervention tools for human immunodeficiency virus control.
Using an Email Alert to Improve Identification of Pregnancy Status for Women With Syphilis—Florida, 2017–2018
Authors: Matthias James M. , Keller Gayle , George Daniel , Wilson Craig , Peterman Thomas A. 
Published: October 2018

Background
Congenital syphilis can be prevented if syphilis is treated early in pregnancy. Identifying women with syphilis who are pregnant facilitates prioritization for follow-up. In 2016, Florida reported 1062 female syphilis cases, aged 15 to 44 years, and 160 (15%) cases were missing pregnancy status. The Florida Department of Health developed a system-generated weekly email notification sent to local program staff for all female syphilis investigations with unknown pregnancy status. We describe the outcome of these efforts to reduce unknown pregnancy status among women with syphilis.

Methods
Review of the frequency and outcomes (reduction in investigations flagged and change in pregnancy status variable) of the first email notification (October 2, 2017) were compared with subsequent notifications through June 25, 2018. In addition, we reviewed pregnancy status of reported female syphilis cases (age, 15–44 years) from 2013 to 2018.

Results
The first email notification listed 76 investigations with unknown pregnancy status. This number decreased to 40 in 1 week and to 22 by 1 month. The decreased volume continued through June 2018 (n = 13). Of the original 76 investigations, 3 women were pregnant, and 38 (50%) were determined to meet the syphilis case definition (including 1 who was pregnant). In 2017, pregnancy ascertainment for female syphilis cases reached 98%.

Conclusions
Focused efforts using email notification to obtain pregnancy status improved ascertainment in large sexually transmitted disease (STD) programs with minimal effort. Most but not all women with unknown pregnancy status were identified as not pregnant.