bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Modulating Optical Depth of the Photoelectric Absorption Edge with a Pulse Phase in Accretion-powered X-Ray Pulsars
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Kitamoto Shunji 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We report the first discovery of a pulse phase modulating optical depths at the iron K-edge in accretion-powered X-ray pulsars from Suzaku observations. A significant modulating optical depth of the iron K-edge is detected for Vela X-1 and GX 1+4. Similar trends are seen in GX 301-2 and OAO 1657-415, though with poor statistical significance. The observed iron K-edge exhibits a maximum optical depth when the X-ray continuum dims, and there is no significant pulse phase variation in the ionization state of iron. The revealed changes in the optical depth with pulse phase can be explained as being due to the accreting matter captured by the magnetic field lines of the pulsar, which corotates with the neutron star spin and is responsible for photoelectric absorption. Based on the above interpretation, we propose that the accreting matter within the Alfvén radius contains iron with an ionization state of FeVI–XI with a particle density of 1017 cm−3 and has a shape flattened along the azimuthal direction, such as an accretion curtain.
La couleur dans le roman des Lumières. Enjeux, emplois et évolutions
Authors: Ripoll Élodie 
Published: July 2019

Si le siècle des Lumières est souvent considéré comme une « oasis colorée » (Michel Pastoureau), sa production romanesque ne témoigne qu’indirectement de cette polychromie. Elle constitue pourtant une étape centrale pour l’utilisation littéraire de la couleur. C’est dans la seconde moitié du 18 e siècle que s’amorce un renouveau des pratiques descriptives lié à l’avènement d’une nouvelle épistémologie visuelle. Cet article explore l’utilisation littéraire de la couleur dans les romans de cette époque à travers une étude statistique générale, puis deux exemples précis : les mentions de couleur dans les réécritures du Pied de Fanchette de Rétif de la Bretonne ; puis le rougissement, d’abord prétexte à l’analyse psychologique ( La Vie de Marianne ) puis à la description des variations chromatiques des corps ( Félicia ou Mes fredaines , Le Paysan perverti , Paul et Virginie ).
L’art tinctorial de la soie chez Macquer ou la couleur en mouvement
Authors: Piselli Francesca 
Published: July 2019

Au cours du 18 e siècle, des recherches infatigables sont menées dans ce champ complexe et dynamique qu’est la couleur. Les études de Pierre-Joseph Macquer (1718-1784) font état des progrès du savoir, de l’évolution des procédés techniques et de l’utilisation de substances inédites dans l’art tinctorial de la soie, un domaine en plein essor à l’époque. Ainsi, la palette des couleurs s’enrichit, déclenchant une intéressante activité de dénomination et même de création terminologique afin de désigner sans confusion ni ambiguïté de nouvelles nuances. La couleur étant en mouvement, les termes employés pour la désigner le sont tout autant. Cet article ambitionne d’interroger la terminologie chromatique dans l’art tinctorial de la soie à partir d’un corpus rassemblant trois textes de Macquer. Après en avoir extrait les termes et les syntagmes terminologiques, ils sont étudiés sous différents angles (mode de création, domaine ou époque) et perspectives (y compris la lexicalisation).
Les effets merveilleux des couleurs dans Lamekis du Chevalier de Mouhy (1735-1738) : couleur de la peau et désordre du monde
Authors: Sempère Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2019

La couleur joue un rôle essentiel et structurant, dans ce roman « bizarre » aux accents fantastiques. Associée à un imaginaire de la monstruosité, la couleur particularise les êtres étranges qui peuplent les souterrains de la « terre intérieure » et les airs de l’île des « sylphes » : tout sauf gratuite, la couleur de peau fonctionne comme un principe d’organisation symbolique du monde. Mais les mythes d’origine et l’histoire des individus révèlent la violence attachée à l’altérité chromatique : le bleu, le rouge et le blanc se mélangent sans perdre de leur antinomie, et il n’y a pas jusqu’au rose qui ne soit lié à la barbarie. De principe structurant, la couleur devient ainsi le signe d’un désordre qui met à mal le concept de nature comme le sens de l’histoire.
Les manuscrits de Montesquieu : un château de cartes ?
Authors: Volpilhac-Auger Catherine 
Published: July 2019

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les manuscrits de Montesquieu sont devenus un objet d’étude à part entière. Leurs caractéristiques, et en particulier leur datation, alimentent un enjeu crucial de l’édition critique ; c’est aussi toute la méthode de l’écrivain-philosophe qui s’est révélée, grâce à la dation Chabannes (plusieurs centaines de documents transférés à la bibliothèque municipale de Bordeaux en 1994). Les méthodes d’investigation, notamment l’étude des papiers, mais aussi une connaissance plus fine de la biographie de Montesquieu, permettent aujourd’hui de modifier radicalement la datation de plusieurs manuscrits ( Pensées , Collectio juris , Spicilège ), et d’envisager sur nouveaux frais sa méthode de travail dans ces recueils.
Estime de soi et reconnaissance chez Vauvenargues
Authors: Acke Daniel 
Published: July 2019

La question de la reconnaissance suscite l’intérêt depuis plusieurs décennies. À la suite d’Axel Honneth, c’est la reconnaissance comme problématique explicite chez Fichte, Hegel et les penseurs ultérieurs qui a d’abord retenu l’attention. Depuis peu, on assiste cependant à un tournant de la recherche qui interroge, dans une perspective historique, les prémices de la pensée de la reconnaissance chez des penseurs du 16 e au 18 e siècle. Les moralistes classiques tels Pascal, La Bruyère ou La Rochefoucauld, se trouvent notamment convoqués à cette occasion. En revanche, la contribution de Vauvenargues à la compréhension de la reconnaissance n’avait pas encore fait l’objet d’une étude indépendante. Le présent article met en évidence le caractère central de cette question dans son œuvre, au-delà du thème souvent traité de la gloire. Il montre l’articulation de l’estime de soi et de la reconnaissance dans la pensée du moraliste. Enfin la singularité de sa position par rapport à d’autres penseurs comme Pascal et Mandeville se trouve soulignée.
De l’impôt , manuscrit physiocratique de Mirabeau et Mauvillon (1790-91)
Authors: Le Masne Pierre , Le Masne Camille 
Published: July 2019

Un manuscrit retrouvé de Mirabeau et Jakob Mauvillon, De l’impôt , écrit en 1790-1791, permet de revenir sur les idées économiques de Mirabeau et fait apparaitre qu’il est physiocrate, adepte des idées de Quesnay et aussi de Turgot. Mirabeau poursuit dans le manuscrit un double projet en économie : d’une part il défend l’adoption en France et en Europe de la taxe unique sur le produit net des terres ; d’autre part il répond aux critiques des physiocrates par Arthur Young et Adam Smith. Les idées physiocratiques sont encore vivantes en 1790-1791, et ne sont pas nécessairement considérées comme opposées à celles de Smith.
Liberation or Reconstruction? Black Theology as Unfinished Business in South Africa
Authors: Solomons Demaine , Klaasen John 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
As a metaphor, “liberation” was at the heart of the Black theological project in South Africa. However, after centuries of colonial and apartheid rule, Black liberation and its association with Black theology need to be examined in light of democracy in South Africa. Some have asserted that the end of apartheid together with the democratization of the country renders Black theology irrelevant. These views are taken further by suggesting that it is not Black people alone who are in need of liberation. The dawn of democracy, therefore, is a significant variable for those seeking to replace liberation with metaphors deemed more “suitable” for the current context. The most significant proposal—which has generated much debate—suggests that Black theology should shift emphasis from “liberation” to “reconstruction.” Often these debates question the continued relevance of “liberation” as a root metaphor. Moreover, they highlight the need for a clearly defined framework for Black theology following the demise of apartheid.
Catalytic Decomposition of Methane for Energy Efficient Use of Natural Gas
Authors: Scurrell Mike S. , Venugopal A K , Salipira K 
Published: July 2019

The catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) on suitable surfaces offers the prospect for lower or zero-carbon routes to energy using natural gas or methane derived via biomass options. The carbon from the decomposition could be stored (buried), used for specific applications or perhaps converted to electricity using carbon fuel cells, according to which the overall process is near-zero or low carbon dioxide producing in character. A large volume of work now describes the action of supported nickel in the CDM reaction. However, the basic ground rules governing activity, longevity (closely related to carbon yield) and carbon morphology as well as issues around practical reactor systems for the sustained catalytic action of solid catalysts remain to be developed. In nickel/titania systems the carbon type and yield are dependent on nickel loading levels, with lower Ni loadings favouring higher carbon yields per unit of Ni. The carbon yield per unit mass of catalyst in nickel-titania systems is largely independent of Ni loading. Carbon yields are greatly influenced by the nature of the catalytic solid. Addition of Cu or La can lead to unusually high carbon yields in excess of 2000 g/gNi, some of the highest ever reported. The nature of zeolite morphology in Cu-Ni systems also greatly influences the carbon yield and examples of this behaviour will be presented and discussed. Considerations of how to regenerate CDM catalysts, or slowing their deactivation in the first place are demanded if sustained practical CDM is to be achieved and some ideas on the issue may be developed from experiences with other methane decomposition systems, including non-catalytic approaches that have been pursued using concentrated solar energy, for example.
Buildings Construction and Maintenance Role in Urban Pest Management
Authors: Farrag Hassan Ali 
Published: July 2019

The major threats to community health were recognized as coming from poor housing, poor management of sewage and drainage, foul air in industrialized towns, unsafe drinking water, and inadequate control of pests.Increasing pest infestation in urban areas is now a reality. The reliance on the use of chemical pesticides leads to negative results. Use of clean ecological methods must be the strategy of the future. Pests are attracted to our buildings to satisfy their needs which include food water and shelter. The development of building designs (green buildings), offers intriguing opportunities for use in future urban pest control by preventing pests from invading our buildings and enjoy the available food and shelter.A survey was conducted including 150 houses in Rayyan municipality with the aim to investigate the buildings defects which play a role in pest infestation. The results revealed that more than 50% of the buildings inspected are having defects which attract urban pests to the buildings. These defects include the presence of unsealed electrical and water pipes entry points to the buildings, sewage water manhole defects, cracks and crevices, gaps between floor tiles, doors and windows gaps. More than 60% of the buildings have defects in sewage water manholes include broken covers, manholes not built according to the standard specifications. More than 90% of the manholes are not equipped with valves. The results also indicated buildings with defects are more likely infested with pests like cockroach and ants. House owners questioner, revealed that, 73% of them believe that chemical control is the best method of control and they don't think that sanitation and maintenance will reduce pests population.It is clear from the results that construction and maintenance can be used as an important tool in urban pests management by preventing pests entry and survival inside our buildings.The survey results showed that effective pest management depends on more than just a skillful pest control operator because the conditions that allow the pests to have access to the buildings and satisfy their needs and requirements are under the control of other individuals for examples building designers, electrician, plumbers. Buildings managers, owners residence are also involved in the pests management program because sanitation is a major factor in the pest prevention program.
Concordance of PAP Smear, Colposcopy and Histopathology in Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Deniz Melissa Archangela , Mohammed Abdel Baset F , Ansari Afaf Al , Ahuja Vijay Kumar 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the concordance of Pap smear, Colposcopy and histopathology in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in a local tertiary care hospital.DesignRetrospective descriptive study.Materials and methodsAll patient with CIN undergoing LLETZ during the period from January 2007 to July 2013 were included in the study. Case records were reviewed regarding demographics and clinical data, Pap smear reports, colposcopy findings and histopathology (HPR) reports following colposcopically directed cervical biopsy (CDB) and that following Large Loop excision of Transformation zone (LLETZ).Resultspatients with CIN undergoing LLETZ were included. Agreement between Pap smear and HPR was 96.2% with sensitivity of 80.6% and specificity of 60%. Agreement between CDB and HPR was 86.4% for high grade and only 33.3% for low grade lesions. Level of concordance of Pap smear with CDB was 96.2% for high grade and only 50% for low grade lesions.Main Outcome MeasuresAgreement between Pap smear, colposcopy, CBD and HPR.ConclusionPap smear and CDB are complimentary to each other, and each cannot be used independently. LLETZ improves the yield of high grade lesions and detecs minimally invasive cancer which could be missed by CDB.
A Three-Way Decision Making Approach to Protein Functions Classification
Authors: Azam Nouman , Rehman Hafeez Ur 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionProteins are the most important molecules of life that are part of almost every biological process. The knowledge of protein functions plays an essential role in understanding biological cells which ultimately have a significant impact on human life in areas, such as, personalized medicine, better crops and improved therapeutic interventions. The conventional approaches for classifying protein functions are essentially based on two-way classification decisions, i.e., a function is either decided as being positively annotated to a protein or it is decided as being negatively annotated to a protein. There are two basic shortcomings with these two-way classification approaches. Firstly, they classify every case irrespective of the available information. As a result, the cases with low level of associated information may be misclassified thereby leading to ineffective accuracy rates. Secondly, there is no mechanism in these approaches to incorporate and take advantage from continuously evolving biological information resulting from technological advancements.MethodologyIn this work, we propose and evaluate a three-way decision making approach to classify protein functions. The essential idea is to extend the two-way decision making approach by adding a third decision option of deferment. Keeping in view the technological advancements for understanding biological processes, which are continuously refining and updating the details of biological information, we argue that the three-way approach can be used to overcome the two shortcomings of the two-way approaches. Firstly, we can exercise the decision of deferment whenever we do not have sufficient evidence to reach certain conclusions. This can help us in reducing some of the misclassifications. Secondly, by explicitly identifying the cases for which immediate decisions may not be possible, we make room for integrating anticipated future biological information which will make the decision making more evident and obvious.ResultsWe evaluated the proposed three-way decision making approach on the dataset of Saccharomyces cerevisiae species proteins which is obtained from Uniprot database with the corresponding functional classes extracted from the Gene Ontology database. For our experiments, we consider rough sets based models for inducing three-way decisions. The results of our experiments indicate that by increasing the level of biological information associated with proteins, the number of deferred cases can be reduced while maintaining the same level of accuracy. We comprehensively benchmark our scheme under these settings and conclude that the classification becomes more crisp as the knowledge of associated biological information matures.
OFD1 Missense Mutation Causes an Autosomal Recessive Dyskeratosis Congenita-Like Disorder Further Complicating the Clinical Heterogeneity of OFD1 Mutations
Authors: Kambouris Marios , Shaath Hibah , Fadda Abeer , Al-Sarraj Yasser , Tomei Sara , Ena Wang , El-Shanti Hatem 
Published: July 2019

A consanguineous [first cousin marriage] family of Arabic ethnic origin with four unaffected siblings and two male siblings affected by a Dyskeratosis Congenita-like disorder, was studied by Genome-Wide SNP homozygosity mapping, functional and positional candidate gene screening by Sanger sequencing, and Whole Genome Sequencing [WGS] to identify the offending gene and mutation. The disorder is marked by short stature, sparse hair including eyelashes, leukoplakia, dental carries and early tooth loss, osteoporosis, skin atrophy and hyper pigmentation, nail dystrophy with longitudinal ridging and splitting without bone marrow involvement.The offending gene was mapped to two possible homozygous genomic regions on chromosomes 3p and 6q cumulatively spanning 24 Mb containing 86 protein-coding genes. Functional and positional candidate gene screening by Sanger sequencing for ARL6IP, BCKDHB, DKC1, DNAH17, EEF1A1, LRIG1, ORC3, POLA1, SLC17A5 and SYNCRIP did not identify causative pathogenic mutations. Analyses and mining of WGS data for homozygous variants within the homozygous regions and Xlinked variants [as only males are affected] in X-shared regions among affected siblings, identified a homozygous missense c.C2353T/p.P785S mutation in the OFD1 gene, at Xp22.2. The mutation co-segregates with the disease phenotype within the family, is absent in all public databases and in 500 ethnically matched control chromosomes. OFD1 is a 1012 aa protein component of centrioles, controlling centriole length and involved in cilium biogenesis. OFD1 mutations cause Oral-facial-digital syndrome 1, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome Type 2, Joubert Syndrome 10 and Retinitis Pigmentosa 23 displaying significant phenotypic heterogeneity and clinical variability. The c.C2353T/p.P785S mutation ads a Dyskeratosis Congenita-like phenotype to the wide spectrum of OFD1 disease phenotypes. In addition, it demonstrates that when applying WGS data to clinical diagnoses, all significant variants should be considered and scrutinized for their clinical impact, irrespective of the observed clinical presentation.
Point Mutation in Chloroquine Resistance-Associated Genes (Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1) in Imported Cases of Malaria in Qatar
Authors: Sultan Ali A , Bansal Devendra , Khan Fahmi Y , Al Samawi Musaed , Bharti Praveen Kumar , Mohapatra Pradyumna Kumar , Mahanta Jagdeesh , Sehgal Rakesh , Singh Neeru 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundImported malaria has been a great challenge for public health in the State of Qatar due to the large number of immigrant workers come from the Indian subcontinent and Sub-Saharan Africa. Antimalarial drug resistance has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing malaria control today. Chloroquine (CQ) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is associated with genetic polymorphisms in Pf CQR-transporter (Pfcrt) and Pf multi-drug resistance (Pfmdr-1). Monitoring parasite haplotypes that predict susceptibility to major anti-malarials can guide treatment policies. CQ is used in State of Qatar mainly for treatment of uncomplicated Pf infection and incidence of CQ resistant Pf in Qatar is yet unknown. Thus, present study is conducted to determine the polymorphic regions of CQ drug resistance genes (Pfmdr1-codon86 and Pfcrt-codon76) in imported malaria cases in the State of Qatar.MethodDuring September 2013 to September 2015, a total of 325 (79 Pf and 246 P. vivax) microscopically positive uncomplicated malaria samples were collected from Emergency Room, Al-Khor General Hospital and Hamad General Hospital, HMC, Qatar and confirmed by molecular assay. Nested-PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) were used to detect alleles of pfcrt gene (K76T) and pfmdr1 gene (N86Y).ResultOut of 79 uncomplicated malaria cases, the majority of patients were from East and West Africa followed by Indian Sub-continent and Central Africa. Molecular genotyping at codon 86 of the pfmdr1 gene showed that 60.7% harboured wild/susceptible allele (N86), 26.6% mutant/resistant (Y86) and 11.4% had mixed alleles (N86Y). However, the prevalence of Pfcrt mutant allele (T76), wild type (K76) and mixed alleles (T76K) was 72.1%, 22.8% and 5% respectively.ConclusionMolecular surveillance strategy based on imported malaria cases can be used to detect and track drug-resistant malaria. The data presented here might be helpful for enrichment of molecular surveillance of antimalarial resistance and will be useful for developing and updating antimalarial guidance for non-immune imported cases in State of Qatar.
Seasonal Variation in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in a Desert Climate: A Report from Qatar
Authors: Hendaus Mohamed A. , Alhammadi Ahmed H. , Khalifa Mohamed S. , Chandra Prem , Pitkaranta Anne 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundRespiratory viruses have a predictable seasonality, which varies regionally. The reason for such seasonality is not well known yet, but atmospheric factors such as high humidity and temperature may assist virus survival in small particle droplets or aerosols, and on infected surfaces.ObjectiveThe goal of the study was to determine the seasonal variation in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a desert climate.MethodsA retrospective and cross sectional study was performed at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), the only tertiary and academic medical center in the State of Qatar. The study included infants and young children ages 0 to 24 months that were admitted to our pediatric ward with diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis from the period of January 2010 to December 2012. The following information were collected: gestational age, gender, respiratory virus real time polymerase chain reaction (RVRT-PCR) conducted on nasopharyngeal secretions, and hospital length of stay (LOS).Results835 infants and young children met the study criteria with mean age at diagnosis of 3.61 ± 3.56 months ranging from 0.33 to 24 months. RVRT-PCR was performed on 769 (92.0%) of the participants. RSV was positive in 352 (45.7%) children admitted with clinical bronchiolitis. In addition, no viruses were identified in 142 (18.4%), and respiratory viruses other RSV were found in 275 (35.7F%) of children. Our investigation shows that there has been a steady and periodic seasonal variation in the RSV rate over the study period. A seasonal trend for the RSV (detected by RVRT-PCR) rate was evident (Fig. 1), showing annual peaks in the months of October, November, December, and January, with a significant test for seasonality (test statistics [T] = 3.15, P = 0.009).ConclusionsIn countries with desert hot weather, bronchiolitis might affect infants and children throughout the year. Our results suggest that the combination of uninterrupted RSV seasonality can provide factual guidance for healthcare planning and application of RSV prevention scheme, such as extending the palivizumab vaccine series.Figure 1: Sequence chart for RSV rate of infection during various months in children admitted with acute clinical bronchiolitis