bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering bacterial community variation during soil and leaf treatments with biologicals and biofertilizers to control huanglongbing in citrus trees
Authors: Bai Yani , Wang Jinchang , Jin Liang , Zhan Zhigao , Guan Limei , Zheng Guohua , Qiu Dewen , Qiu Xiaozhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to gain a clearer understanding of the bacteria involved in different treatments to control huanglongbing in citrus trees. The treatments included additions in soil or on leaf. In soil, there were two treatments, one was addition of biofertilizer mainly consisting of Brevibacillus laterosporus, and another one was the addition of burnt lime. On leaf treatment, a plant immunity inducer, Atailing spray, which is a fermented fungal protein product, was used. Besides, there was an integrative treatment including the above additions both in soil and on leaf. The control treatments had no addition. The growth of infected citrus plants was significantly improved by these treatments. We sampled soil under crown circumference, rhizosphere soil and roots, stems and leaves of the citrus trees. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA marker using Illumina methods was applied to determine the bacterial community composition of the samples. The results showed that in the soil samples under crown circumference, treatments increased the relative abundance of the genera Bradyrhizobium and Norank_f__Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_ compared with the control. In the rhizosphere soil samples, treatments increased the relative abundance of the genus Burkholderia–Paraburkholderia compared with the control. Atailing spray influenced the relative abundance of the bacterial genus norank_f__Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_ in the rhizosphere soil, as well as Pseudomonas in citrus leaves. Furthermore, 6 months after the treatments, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacilli at the class level was significantly increased in citrus plant leaves in the group treated with Atailing spray, biofertilizer and burnt lime. Overall, certain bacteria were stimulated by treatments, and the leaf‐associated bacterial communities had important indicators for the health of the citrus endophytic environment. These results provided a theoretical foundation for the development of biological approaches for huanglongbing treatment.
Effect of dietary supplemental medium chain fatty acids instead of antibiotics on the growth performance, digestibility and blood profiles in growing pigs
Authors: Zhang Jian Ying , Baek Dong Heon , Kim In Ho 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAntibiotics have great functions in farm animal. However, the harm of antibiotics can't be ignored. The effects of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) supplementation to basal diet instead of antibiotics (CSP, Chlortetracycline, sulphonamide dimethazine and procaine penicillin, 1:1:1) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profile in growing pigs were studied. A total of 140 growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average body weight of 27.84 ± 0.42 kg were allotted to four treatments of seven replicates/treatment and five pigs/replicate. The four experimental diets included: CON (basal diet, non‐antibiotic, negative control); CSP (CON + CSP 0.1%, positive control); M1 (CON + MCFA 0.15%) and M2 (CON + MCFA 0.3%). After 5 weeks, the fresh faecal and blood samples were collected from rectum and jugular vein respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) was significantly improved for pigs fed 0.3% MCFAs in relation to basal diet. Meanwhile, CSP supplementation had comparable effect on ADG. The lymphocyte percentage and IgG concentration were higher in blood of pigs‐fed MCFAs in relation to that of CON and CSP treatment while white blood cell and red blood cell were not affected. In relation to basal diet and CSP treatment, the digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy (E) were unaffected with MCFAs supplementation. In conclusion, MCFAs improved growth performance on body weight gain and immune profile. Addition 0.3% MCFAs into the diet indicated that its partial positive effect as an alternative to antibiotic.
Home versus laboratory assessments of melatonin production and melatonin onset in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule
Authors: Moderie Christophe , Van der Maren Solenne , Paquet Jean , Dumont Marie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent evidence points toward an association between higher non‐visual sensitivity to light and a later circadian phase in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule. Light exposure in the evening may therefore induce a larger suppression of melatonin production in these individuals, which might: (a) bias home estimates of melatonin onset; and (b) decrease sleep propensity at bedtime. In this study, we compared home and laboratory melatonin onsets and production in sleep‐delayed and control participants, using saliva samples collected in the 3 hr preceding habitual bedtime. The mean light intensity measured during saliva sampling at home was ~10 lux in both groups. Melatonin suppression at home was significant, averaging 31% and 24% in sleep‐delayed and control individuals, respectively. Group difference in melatonin suppression was not significant. Estimates of melatonin onset were on average 27 min later at home than in laboratory conditions, with no group difference. Looking specifically at sleep‐delayed participants, there was no correlation between non‐visual sensitivity to light and home–laboratory differences in melatonin onsets. However, higher light sensitivity was associated with greater melatonin suppression in the hour before habitual bedtime. Greater melatonin suppression before bedtime was also associated with a later circadian phase. These results indicate that the validity of home estimates of melatonin onset is similar in sleep‐delayed and in control individuals. Results also suggest that increased non‐visual sensitivity to light could impact melatonin secretion in sleep‐delayed individuals and contribute to a late bedtime by delaying circadian phase and decreasing sleep propensity.
Insomnia symptoms predict the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms following an experimental trauma
Authors: Short Nicole A. , Boffa Joseph W. , Wissemann Karl , Schmidt Norman B. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryInsomnia symptoms prior to traumatic event exposure predict the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms. However, potential mechanisms underlying the association between insomnia and risk for post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms have not been prospectively tested. The current study used the trauma film paradigm to test whether insomnia symptoms prior to analogue trauma exposure predict subsequent analogue post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and potential mediators of this relationship, among an at‐risk sample of 108 participants. Results indicated that, after covarying for negative affectivity, insomnia symptoms in the 2 weeks prior to analogue trauma exposure significantly predicted increased post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms 3 days and 1 week post‐exposure. Moreover, distress immediately after exposure and post‐traumatic avoidance mediated the association between insomnia symptoms and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms 1 week after exposure. Effect sizes were small. The current study uses an analogue trauma and analogue post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms to model clinical symptoms, includes an additional intervention prior to analogue trauma, and lacks a control film. Findings suggest increased reactivity to trauma exposure and subsequent reminders, and attempts to suppress trauma memories may be mechanisms in the association between insomnia symptoms and risk for post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Glassy magnetic cronstedtite signatures in Mukundpura CM2 chondrite based on magnetic and Mössbauer studies
Authors: Dixit Ambesh , Tripathi R. P. , Bhandari N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe have studied the Mukundpura CM2 meteorite for magnetic properties as a function of temperature and magnetic field, as well as its Mössbauer spectrum, at room and low temperatures (up to 5 K). We find that the high temperature paramagnetic phase is followed by two magnetic transitions: a weak transition near 125 K and a strong transition at 8 K. The weak (125 K) magnetic phase can be attributed to complex Fe2+–Fe3+ constituents present in the meteorite. The absence of the characteristic sextet corresponding to magnetite in Mossbauer spectrum indicates that this magnetic phase is not magnetite, which, if present, must be in insignificant amount. The 8 K magnetic ordering is superimposed with weak ferromagnetic ordering, showing spin‐glass transition. The Mössbauer spectrum taken at 5 K substantiates the observed spin‐glassy nature, as very large hyperfine field ~32 T is recorded, causing localized subordering leading to spin‐glass behavior. The Mössbauer spectra also confirm that iron is mainly present in serpentine‐group minerals, both in ferrous and ferric states. The complete serpentinization of basic silicates indicates aggressive hydrous alteration. These results show that the observed spin‐glass signature is a characteristic feature of the cronstedtite phase in CM meteorites. This feature is unique to carbonaceous CM chondrites and could be used for nondestructive, quick, and independent classification of this rare class of meteorites. Furthermore, the absence of olivine and the presence of cronstedtite in Mossbauer spectra show that the degree of aqueous alteration observed is the most severe in Mukundpura CM2 meteorite, as compared to many other CM2 meteorites. The degree of aqueous alteration in CM2 carbonaceous chondrites increases in the sequence: Paris, Murchison, Murray, Mighei, Nogoya, Cold Bokkeveld, and Mukundpura.
Risk of poverty in Southern Europe
Authors: Mussida Chiara , Parisi Maria Laura 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe analyze whether the risk of poverty deteriorates with the crisis in France, Greece, Italy and Spain, for different categories of households, individual features and policy instruments, such as the regional European Structural Funds. We find that the impact of the economic recession was heterogeneous, deteriorating the status of temporary workers, self‐employed, single and female‐headed households, while the risk of poverty decreased relatively for larger households with dependent children and elderly members. We also find that targeted funds toward human capital investment are associated to decreasing the risk of poverty, but the crisis slowed down their effects.
Getting to know you: Accuracy and error in judgments of character
Authors: Westra Evan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCharacter judgments play an important role in our everyday lives. However, decades of research on trait attribution have shown that these judgments are prone to a number of biases and cognitive distortions. This raises a skeptical worry about the epistemic foundations of everyday characterological beliefs that has some deeply disturbing implications. I argue that this skeptical worry is misplaced: Under the appropriate informational conditions, our everyday character‐trait judgments are in fact quite trustworthy. I then propose a mindreading‐based account of trait attribution that explains both why these judgments are initially unreliable, and how they eventually become more accurate.
Discovery of an Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus population and first records of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti in Canada
Authors: Giordano B. V. , Gasparotto A. , Liang P. , Nelder M. P. , Russell C. , Hunter F. F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA population of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), a vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika and West Nile viruses, has been detected in Windsor, Ontario, Canada from 2016 onwards. Here, we describe its seasonal distribution, as well as the various aquatic habitats from which this species was collected and its larval co‐habitation. We collected immatures from tires, treeholes, extruded polystyrene foam containers, discarded plastic cups, old recycling bins and oviposition traps. Aedes albopictus larvae were collected with Aedes japonicus (Theobald), Anopheles punctipennis (Say), Culex pipiens Linnaeus, Ochlerotatus hendersoni (Cockerell), Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say) and Orthopodomyia signifera (Coquillett). Adult female and male specimens were collected from Biogents sentinel traps (Biogents AG, Regensburg, Germany), as well as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps (CDC, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.), and also as they alighted on the investigators. Peak adult collections occurred in September during epidemiological week 37. We also collected Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus), a new record for Canada, in 2016 and from two new collection sites in 2017. The 2017 collections were 3.5 km north and 19.4 km south of the index site. The present study adds to the increasing number of studies reporting range expansions of these mosquito species.
Effects of GABA‐B agonist baclofen on esophageal motility: Studies using high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Hung Jui‐Sheng , Yi Chih‐Hsun , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Lei Wei‐Yi , Wong Ming‐Wun , Chen Chien‐Lin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/AimBaclofen inhibits transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of baclofen on esophageal peristaltic function and contraction reserve in healthy adults using high‐resolution manometry (HRM).MethodsFifteen subjects underwent HRM with ten water swallows and five multiple rapid swallows (MRS) 90 minutes after oral intake of either baclofen or placebo on separate days at least 1 week apart. HRM parameters assessed included esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ‐CI), resting LES pressure, 4‐second integrated relaxation pressure (IRP‐4s), distal contractile integral (DCI), distal latency, peristaltic breaks, resting upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressure, and contractile response to MRS.ResultsBaclofen significantly increased EGJ‐CI (P = .007), IRP‐4s (P = .003), and LES pressure (P = .004). UES pressure, latency, and DCI were similar between baclofen and placebo (P = .87, P = .84, and P = .54, respectively). There was no difference in contractile response and peristaltic augmentation following MRS between baclofen and placebo (93% vs 100%, P = .30; 53% vs. 73%, P = .26, respectively).ConclusionsBaclofen increases resting LES pressure and EGJ barrier function, but has no effect on primary peristalsis or contraction reserve.
Impaired gastric mucosal integrity identified by confocal endomicroscopy in Helicobacter pylori‐negative functional dyspepsia
Authors: Ji Rui , Wang Peng , Kou Guan‐jun , Zuo Xiu‐Li , Wang Xiao , Li Yan‐Qing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundLow‐grade inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD). We hypothesis that altered gastric permeability is involved in the onset and persistence of this disorder. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate gastric mucosal integrity and mast cell numbers in patients with FD.MethodsWe enrolled 58 patients with FD fulfilling the Rome III criteria (H Pylori negative), 20 inflammatory control subjects (H Pylori positive), and 20 healthy controls (H Pylori negative). Probe‐based confocal endomicroscopy was performed using intravenous fluorescein to assess the paracellular fluorescein leakage and cell shedding. Mast cells were identified with quantitative immunohistochemistry on mucosal biopsies.Key ResultsEndomicroscopic score of paracellular permeability was significantly higher in H pylori‐negative FD patients compared with healthy controls (1.45 ± 1.27 vs 3.69 ± 3.18, P = .006). However, FD patients and healthy controls did not show differences in cell shedding score (0.75 ± 0.79 vs 1.29 ± 1.14, P = .069). Mast cell numbers were significantly increased compared with healthy control samples (18.91 ± 5.47 vs 14.1 ± 3.88, P < .001). The magnitude of increase in permeability was positively correlated with mast cell numbers of FD patients (rs = .6588, P < .0001), but not dyspepsia symptom scores.Conclusion and InferencesImpaired gastric barrier function is present in FD patients. This might provide a new pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutical target in FD.
Genome‐wide association study identifies QTLs conferring salt tolerance in rice
Authors: An Hongzhou , Liu Kai , Wang Baoxiang , Tian Yunlu , Ge Yuwei , Zhang Yuanyan , Tang Weijie , Chen Gaoming , Yu Jun , Wu Wei , Liu Xiaolan , Zhao Yaqin , Li Jin , Zhang Hanzhi , Yang Bing , Jiang Xingzhou , Peng Chao , Zhou Cong , Zhu Chengsong , Wang Chunming , Wan Jianmin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRice is the most important cereal crop but is sensitive to salinity stress. Increased salinization is progressively reducing rice productivity, escalating calls for research to ensure sustainable food production. The genetic diversity available in cultivars provides a rich resource for discovering genes associated with salt tolerance which has not yet been sufficiently utilized. In this study, 54 QTLs associated with salt tolerance were detected through genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using a core population consisting of 181 cultivars. We detected 17 loci significantly associated with dry weight ratio (DWR) for salt tolerance. In the region of a novel QTL qST‐7.19 on chromosome 7, we identified a candidate gene encoding a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein and further validated the effect by using near‐isogenic line of the candidate gene. These QTLs and the candidate gene pave the ways for salinity tolerance improvement through molecular breeding.
Sequence variation in genes encoding miRNAs/targets and other related approaches for possible use in crop improvement
Authors: Gautam Tinku , Gupta Pushpendra Kumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are involved in regulation of gene expression in almost all plant and animal systems. In crop plants, a large number of miRNAs are now known, which regulate expression of genes controlling a variety of traits including yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Like protein‐coding genes, miRNA genes (MIRs) and their products (including pri‐miRNAs, pre‐miRNAs or miRNAs themselves) also exhibit sequence variation. This variation affects the corresponding miRNAs in a variety of ways including their own transcription, maturation and target specificity. In this review, we summarize the available information on markers based on sequence variations in MIRs and the corresponding target genes. The association of these markers with agronomic traits of value and their possible use in crop improvement is also discussed using suitable examples.
De novo transcriptome characterisation of two auxin‐related genes associated with plant growth habit in Astragalus adsurgens Pall
Authors: Ma L. , Yi D. , Gong W. , Gong P. , Wang Z. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Astragalus adsurgens Pall., a perennial legume native to China, is commonly used as a forage crop. And it has great value for sustainable development of grasslands in arid and semi arid regions. However, to date, little is known regarding the A. adsurgens genome, and no studies have determined whether it would be possible to improve the germplasm of A. adsurgens through genetic modification.

In this study, we used an RNA‐seq protocol to generate a de novo transcriptome including 151,516 unigenes of A. adsurgens. We compared the transcriptomes of A. adsurgens having different growth habits (prostrate/erect) and identified 14,133 single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNP) in 8,139 unigenes.

Differential expression gene (DEG) analysis suggested that 10,982 unigenes were up‐regulated in the prostrate plant relative to the erect plant, while 10,607 unigenes were down‐regulated. Of the 21,589 DEG, Unigene72782_All (LAX4) and CL12494.Contig3_All (TIR1), an auxin transporter gene and an auxin transport inhibitor gene, respectively, were predicted to influence the growth habit of A. adsurgens, which were verified by qRT‐PCR in these phenotypes.

These results suggest that auxin transport was more active in the prostrate plant than in the erect plant, resulting in asymmetric distribution of auxin that affects the growth habit of A. adsurgens. Overall, this study may provide a basis for future research on key genes in A. adsurgens and may deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating plant growth habit.
Individual alpha frequency increases during a task but is unchanged by alpha‐band flicker
Authors: Gray Michael J. , Emmanouil Tatiana A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVisual perception fluctuates in sync with ongoing neural oscillations in the delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands of the human EEG. Supporting the relationship between alpha and perceptual sampling, recent work has demonstrated that variations in individual alpha frequency (IAF) correlate with the ability to discriminate one from two stimuli presented briefly in the same location. Other studies have found that, after being presented with a flickering stimulus at alpha frequencies, perception of near‐threshold stimuli fluctuates for a short time at the same frequency. Motivated by previous work, we were interested in whether this alpha entrainment involves shifts in IAF. While recording EEG, we tested whether two‐flash discrimination (a behavioral correlate of IAF) can be influenced by ~1 s of rhythmic visual stimulation at two different alpha frequencies (8.3 and 12.5 Hz). Speaking against the bottom‐up malleability of IAF, we found no change in IAF during stimulation and no change in two‐flash discrimination immediately afterward. We also found synchronous activity that persisted after 12.5 Hz stimulation, which suggests that a separate source of alpha was entrained. Importantly, we replicated the correlation between IAF and two‐flash discrimination in a no‐stimulation condition, demonstrating the sensitivity of our behavioral measure. We additionally found that IAF increased during the task compared to rest, which demonstrates that IAF is influenced by top‐down factors but is not involved in entrainment.
Sex differences in adolescents’ cardiac reactivity and recovery under acute stress: The importance of nonlinear measures
Authors: Fiol‐Veny Aina , Balle Maria , Fiskum Charlotte , Bornas Xavier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow well adolescents can self‐regulate in the face of stressors has considerable implications for long‐term well‐being and risk of psychopathology. This study investigated sex differences in adolescents’ cardiac reactivity and recovery during a stressful task. Measures of cardiac variability (linear) and complexity (nonlinear) were obtained from N = 92 adolescents, 41 males (M age = 13.28, SD = 0.69; BMI = 21.9) and 51 females (M age = 13.36, SD = 0.67; BMI = 21.5). The adolescents underwent the Trier Social Stress Test, consisting of five conditions: baseline, anticipation, social exposure, math task, and recovery. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that female in comparison to male adolescents showed lower cardiac complexity revealed by higher short‐term scaling exponent at baseline (p = .006) and math (p = .013) and lower entropy at exposure (p = .013) and math (p = .012). A marginal between‐groups effect was found for Higuchi's fractal dimension, F(1, 90) = 3.67, p = .059, ηp2 = .041, with females showing lower fractal dimension than males in math (p = .037). Linear measures did not reveal sex‐related differences. Results suggest that adolescent females show lower cardiac complexity during stress. These findings support the importance of nonlinear cardiac measures for understanding cardiac reactivity during stress. Further research is needed to test the hypothesis that cardiac complexity is useful to detect an increased risk of emotional disorders, disorders that are more prevalent in women.