bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trisomy 8 in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia and Sideroachrestic Anemia
Authors: Jonasson J. , Gahrton G. , Lindsten J. , Simonsson-Lindemalm C. , Zech L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An extra chromosome number 8 was found in the bone marrow of one patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia and one with sideroachrestic anemia. The extra chromosome was not found in the peripheral blood of any of the patients. In remission after treatment with cytotoxic drugs, the patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia had normal 46 XX cells in the bone marrow. In relapse, the same patient demonstrated two reciprocal translocations in addition to trisomy 8. This was interpreted as evidence for successive steps of clonal evolution from a single ancestor cell.
Separation of Megakaryocytes From Mouse Bone Marrow by Velocity Sedimentation
Authors: Nakeff A. , Maat B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A technique for separating mouse bone marrow megakaryocytes by unit gravity velocity sedimentation is described using a modified sedimentation chamber. The velocity sedimentation profile for megakaryocytes comprises three peaks corresponding to sedimentation velocities of 30, 60, and 100 mm/hr. Morphologic examination of megakaryocytes in the 30 mm/hr peak reveals them to be primarily immature with the latter two peaks corresponding to larger, more mature megakaryocytes.
Synthesis of Hemoglobin Abraham Lincoln (β 32 leu → pro)
Authors: Honig George R. , Mason R. George , Vida Loyda N. , Shamsuddin Mir 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Globin chain synthesis was studied in vitro with reticulocytes from a patient heterozygous for Hb Abraham Lincoln, an unstable beta chain variant. Synthesis of α-chains by the reticulocytes exceeded total β-chain synthesis, and a substantial fraction (about 16%) of radioactivity incorporated into globin was recovered from the cells as uncombined α subunits. In a time-course study, the ratio of α : β-chain specific activity was found to increase progressively in a nearly linear manner, suggesting that a fraction of newly synthesized β-chains had undergone rapid destruction. The specific activity of the abnormal β-chain was nearly three times that of βA. The rate of synthesis of the β-chain of Hb Abraham Lincoln appeared to be approximately half that of the β-chain of Hb A.
The Metabolism of Transferrin-bound 111In and 59Fe in the Rat
Authors: Beamish Michael R. , Brown Elmer B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The metabolism of transferrin-bound indium and iron were compared by in vivo studies in the rat. Rats were injected with serum transferrin labeled with 111In and 59Fe, and, at intervals ranging from 20 min to 5 days after injection, they were killed. They were perfused through the portal vein with 200 ml of 0.9% saline, and the residual radioactivity, expressed as a percentage of the injected dose, was measured in liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, washed red cells, red marrow, and femur. At 5 days, 76% of the injected 59Fe was recovered in the red cell mass; only 1%-2% of 111In could then be recovered. Uptake and release of the 111In label by the femur was markedly less than that of the 59Fe. Whereas 85% of the injected 59Fe could be recovered from the circulating red cells, liver, and spleen, only about 15% of the injected 111In could be so recovered. Approximately 35% of the injected 111In was excreted, and 43% was recoverable from the carcass. The subcellular distribution of the two isotopes in the liver at timed intervals following intravenous injection was studied. While 35% of the 59Fe activity in the homogenate was associated with ferritin, only 4% of the 111In could be so identified. The results indicate a significant difference between the metabolism of 111In and 59Fe in the rat and make it unlikely that the metabolism of In in man bears much similarity to that of iron.
Acute Leukemia Following Localized Irradiation for Carcinoma of the Larynx
Authors: Karchmer Richard K. , Caldwell Glyn G. , Chin Tom D. Y. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During a 5-yr leukemia surveillance study in the metropolitan Kansas City area, four patients who had previously received irradiation therapy for carcinoma of the larynx developed acute leukemia. The frequency of occurrence represents a significant increase of the observed over the expected. These findings indicate that, even with such localized radiotherapy, the possibility of irradiation-induced leukemia must be considered in therapeutic decisions.
Effects of Degree of Thrombocytopenia on Thrombocytopoietic Response
Authors: Odell T. T. , Murphy J. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rats were exchange transfused with platelet-poor blood to reduce the number of circulating platelets. When thrombocytopenia was moderate, the rate of platelet increase toward normal levels was relatively slow, whereas after severe thrombocytopenia an early slow rate of increase was followed by a rapid rate. It seems likely that the rapid platelet increase that begins about 36-48 hr after acute, severe thrombocytopenia is engendered by a ploidy shift among megakaryocytes and by an increased input of cells into the maturing population. The basis of the moderate increase in circulating platelets before 48 hr in severely thrombocytopenic rats and for about 5 days in moderately thrombocytopenic rats is less clear. Both peripheral changes in the age distribution of the platelet population and in platelet depots, as well as hemopoietic changes in the marrow, probably contribute.
Ultrastructural Changes in Human Platelets During Arachidonic Acid-induced Aggregation
Authors: Sedar Albert W. , Silver Melvin J. , Smith J. Bryan , Ingerman Carol M. , Kocsis James J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study was undertaken to visualize the sequence of ultrastructural changes occurring in human platelets during aggregation induced by arachidonic acid. Aggregometer recordings were obtained up to the time of adding glutaraldehyde to begin fixation of platelets for electron microscopy. A correlation was shown between the degree of aggregation and changes in the fine structure of human platelets which had been allowed to aggregate for 15, 30, 90, or 180 sec. The pattern of ultrastructural changes found in the platelets aggregating in response to arachidonic acid was similar to that reported previously for other aggregating agents such as collagen or ADP. Amorphous material was observed within the dilated canalicular system of platelets, supporting the thesis that its channels serve as a pathway for the products released during aggregation. The dilatation of the canalicular system of platelets induced by arachidonic acid could be mediated by an intermediate in prostaglandin synthesis.
Antibodies to Factor VIII: Specificity and Kinetics of Iso- and Hetero-antibodies in Hemophilia A
Authors: Allain J. P. , Frommel D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Time course inactivation of isologous and heterologous AHF preparations induced by anti-factor VIII antibodies from hemophiliacs followed two major patterns: one was consistent with a second-order reaction, the other more complex. The second-order type, characterized by a plateau of residual factor VIII activity occuring after 2-4 hr of incubation, was observed in the interaction of factor VIII with its corresponding and specific antibody. The complex type, showing a gradual decline of factor VIII activity following a rapid initial fall, was detected in antigen-antibody-reactions relying predominantly on cross-reactions. It is proposed that reactions of the second-order type reflect the formation of stable antigen-antibody complexes, while reactions of the complex-order type express a tendency to spontaneous dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes.
Independence of Iron Absorption From the Rate of Erythropoiesis
Authors: Peschle C. , Jori G. P. , Marone G. , Condorelli M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The regulation of iron absorption is only partially understood. A cause and effect relationship between the erythropoietic and the absorption rates has been postulated, but not firmly established. Experiments in polycythemic mice were undertaken in an attempt to separate the effect of hypoxia on iron absorption from that on the erythropoietic activity. The latter parameter was evaluated on the basis of per cent values of peripheral reticulocytes, nucleated red cells in red pulp of spleen, and/or RBC-59Fe incorporation. In the first series of experiments the erythroid response to an 18- or 96-hr period of hypoxia was selectively suppressed by administration of antierythropoietin (anti-Ep) serum. However, the enhancement of iron absorption induced by an equivalent hypoxic stimulus was not significantly modified by anti-Ep. In additional studies, polycythemic mice were subjected to either fractionated Ep administration or hypoxic stimuli, lasting 24, 48, or 72 hr. The stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis induced by Ep was either greater or equivalent to that of hypoxia. However, although these hypoxic stimuli induced a four- to sixfold increase in iron absorption, Ep administration evoked either little or no enhancement of iron absorption. These experiments provide evidence against concepts linking the primary regulation of iron absorption to the erythropoietic rate.
Azurophil and Specific Granules of Blood Neutrophils in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: An Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Analysis
Authors: Ullyot Joan L. , Bainton Dorothy F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
That most patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have either very low levels or no leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity (LAP) is an established fact. In view of our new findings7 that normal mature human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) contain two types of granules, azurophils (1/3) and specifics (2/3), and that alkaline phosphatase is present only in specific granules, we undertook the present studies to determine whether these neoplastic PMN lack a specific granule population or simply lack the enzyme. The cellular buffy coats of five patients with CML (Ph1+, LAP-) were fixed in glutaraldehyde, incubated for peroxidase to identify the azurophil population, and examined by electron microscopy. It was found that the specific granule population was present in all mature PMN. Counts of both azurophil and specific granules per cell were slightly lower than normal but were within an 80%-90% overlap of the normal range. We therefore conclude that the low level of LAP in patients with CML reflects a deficiency of the enzyme rather than a missing granule population. Although the mature PMN appeared relatively normal (with few exceptions), circulating myeloblasts and promyelocytes revealed several abnormalities, the most notable being the presence of large bundles of cytoplasmic microfilaments. The blood of two patients in the terminal phase of disease was reexamined. Most of their cells were immature, with aberrations similar to those in myeloblasts and promyelocytes in the chronic phase of the disorder. In addition, however, we discovered three adnormal populations of mature PMN: (1) PMN containing both populations of granules but lacking peroxidase, (2) PMN lacking specific granules, and (3) PMN lacking azurophil granules. Our findings emphasize the value of electron microscopy and cytochemistry in detecting abnormalities of maturation in the cytoplasm of leukemic PMN.
Improved Plasma Culture System for Production of Erythrocytic Colonies In Vitro: Quantitative Assay Method for CFU-E
Authors: McLeod David L. , Shreeve Mona M. , Axelrad Arthur A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An improved plasma culture system is described for the production of erythrocytic colonies by mammalian adult hemopoietic cells in vitro under the influence of erythropoietin. The concentration of fetal calf serum in the medium used for dilution of the cells was critical for erythrocytic colony formation when low numbers of cells were plated. Optimal concentrations were found for plasma, fetal calf serum, bovine serum albumin, and L-asparagine in the culture medium, and the colony-forming efficiency was shown to depend on the concentration of erythropoietin. With erythropoietin at plateau concentration, the number of erythrocytic colonies produced was directly proportional to the number of bone marrow or spleen cells plated, over a wide range of cell concentrations. Colony numbers per culture conformed to a Poisson distribution. Thus, the improved plasma culture system may be used for the quantitative assay of CFU-E. The method is rapid (2 days), reliable, convenient, and inexpensive. Since the improved plasma culture system also supports granulocytic colony formation by bone marrow cells in the presence of conditioned medium (CSA), and the number of granulocytic colonies produced is proportional to the number of cells plated, the same hemopoietic cell suspensions can be simultaneously assayed for CFU-E and CFU-C under virtually identical conditions.
Effect of Erythropoietin on RNA Synthesis by Normal and Leukemic Bone Marrow and Spleen Cell Suspensions In Vitro
Authors: Handler Evelyn E. , Mendelsohn Naomi , Handler Eugene S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) induced a 42% increase in 3H-uridine incorporation into RNA after a 5-hr culture of normal bone marrow cell suspensions. Bone marrow cells obtained from rats 3-5 days after the initiation of a myelogenous leukemia exhibited a decreased responsivity to EPO. At this time incorporation of the isotope into RNA in the presence of EPO was approximately 50% of controls. Rats rendered leukemic 8-10 days prior to culture showed no bone marrow response to EPO even in those instances where leukemic cells comprised a relatively small percentage of the marrow compartment. EPO had little or no effect on RNA synthesis by spleen cells obtained from normal and leukemic rats. This was noted even in those leukemic spleens in which erythropoiesis was observed. The data suggest that the anemia associated with myelogenous leukemia may, in part, be due to a loss of EPO-responsive cells and/or a loss of sensitivity of these elements to normal humoral control.
Changes in Platelet Shape and Structure After Freeze Preservation
Authors: Crowley James P. , Rene Anthony , Valeri C. Robert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
About 60% of the platelets freeze preserved in 6% dimethylsulfoxide retained the discoid shape characteristic of fresh platelets. The remainder were sphered. Platelet sphering occurred during freezing and thawing and was not related to the addition or removal of the cryoprotective agent. Platelets that retained the disc shape had a well-preserved ultrastructure, but sphered platelets showed extensive ultrastructural changes.
Complement-independent Clearance of IgG-sensitized Erythrocytes: Inhibition by Cortisone
Authors: Atkinson John P. , Frank Michael M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of corticosteroid administration on the complement-independent clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes was examined in guinea pigs. 51Cr-labeled guinea pig erythrocytes coated with a known amount of high-avidity IgG antibody were injected into control and cortisone-treated C4-deficient guinea pigs, and cell survival was determined. In these animals with a genetically controlled total deficiency of the fourth complement component, cell-bound antibody does not activate the biologically active complement components; clearance is therefore complement independent. At low levels of sensitization, cortisone completely inhibited the splenic sequestration of IgG coated red cells. As the amount of antibody coating the red cell was increased, higher cortisone doses were required to decrease the rate and magnitude of clearance. Eventually a level of erythrocyte sensitization was reached where cortisone did not significantly alter the clearance pattern compared to untreated controls. The cortisone effect was present by 3 days but required 5-7 days before it was maximal. No evidence was found to suggest that cortisone decreased the affinity of the antibody for the red cell membrane. Rather, the most likely explanation for these results is that cortisone affects the interaction between IgG on the erythrocyte surface and its receptor on splenic and hepatic macrophages. This experimental model of immune hemolytic anemia parallels those cases of warm-antibody-mediated disease in which complement plays no role. These findings suggest that a major clinical effect of cortisone therapy may be to decrease complement-independent erythrocyte clearance, thereby inducing a remission even in the presence of a positive antiglobulin test.
The Frequency of Heterozygosity for S and C Hemoglobins in Western Pennsylvania
Authors: Boggs Dane R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The frequency of AS and AC type hemoglobin was studied by hemoglobin electrophoresis in 26,882 residents of Western Pennsylvania. In the black population, the frequency of S trait was estimated at 7.4% and the frequency of C trait at 1.8%. Reasons for variation in frequency from one to another subpopulation are discussed. The frequency of S and C trait was independent of age, suggesting little or no mortality can be attributed to these traits. Sickle trait was no more common in outpatients than in the general population, suggesting little or no significant trait-associated morbidity.
A New Abnormal Hemoglobin O Padova, α 30 (B11) Glu → Lys, and a Dyserythropoietic Anemia With Erythroblastic Multinuclearity Coexisting in the Same Patient
Authors: Vettore L. , De Sandre G. , Di lorio E. E. , Winterhalter K. H. , Lang A. , Lehmann H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with a not previously described abnormal hemoglobin (α30Glu → Lys) and dyserythropoietic anemia with erythroblastic multinuclearity is reported. The heat stability and the functional properties of the new abnormal hemoglobin, named hemoglobin O Padova, are normal, although the replacement lies in the α1β1 interchain contact. The hemolytic condition, which was much improved by splenectomy, therefore appears to be linked to the hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity similar to hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with positive acidified serum test (HEMPAS). In addition to the leading features observed in published cases of this entity, our case exhibited some immunologic peculiarities.
Methemoglobin Reductase (Cytochrome b5 Reductase) Deficiency in Congenital Methemoglobinemia
Authors: Kitao Takeshi , Sugita Yoshiki , Yoneyama Yoshimasa , Hattori Kenichi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two NADH diaphorases, diaphorase I and II, were isolated from normal red cells and congenital methemoglobinemic red cells by CM-cellulose and DE 32 column chromatography. For methemoglobinemic sample, activities of diaphorase I and diaphorase II were 80% and less than 5% of those for the normal red cells, respectively. Only diaphorase II showed cytochrome b5 reductase activity. The cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency seems to manifest methemoglobinemia through the decrease in the enzymatic reduction of cytochrome b5 and subsequent nonenzymatic reduction of methemoglobin by the reduced cytochrome b5. The methemoglobinemic diaphorase II was found similar to the normal enzyme with respect to Kms for the dye and NADH, heat stability, effect of pH, and electrophoretic pattern. The ratio of the diaphorase activity to the cytochrome b5 reductase activity was the same for both enzymes. Although the production of an abnormal enzyme molecule can not be excluded, it is possible that in this case the rate of enzyme formation is decreased.
Vitamin B12 transport in blood. I. Congenital deficiency of transcobalamin II
Authors: Gimpert E , Jakob M , Hitzig WH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Some characteristics of vitamin B12 binding and transport in the serum of an infant with congenital hereditary transcobalamin II (TC II) deficiency were studied using the following parameters and methods: vitamin B12 level and binding capacity; electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; various immunodiffusion and absorption experiments, using a specific anti-TC II antiserum and the patient's serum as antigen. The results of these studies point to a deficient synthesis of TC II. Parenteral administration of high doses of vitamin B12 was followed by rapid and complete clinical remission and the appearance of vitamin B12 binder in the alpha 2 region which is similar to “fetal binder.” Thus, very high concentrations of vitamin B12, either carrier free or bound to this alpha 2 binder, were able to correct the disturbed physiology of TC II deficiency, presumably by normalization of DNA-thymine synthesis.
Prothrombin complex proteins as cofactors in platelet aggregation. I. Inhibition of aggregation by antiserum
Authors: Miale JB , Kent JW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Data are presented to support the concept that the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors are adsorbed onto the platelet membrane and that these make up part of the “plasma atmosphere” necessary for the aggregation of platelets by various agents. Together with evidence that other coagulation factors also are part of the plasma atmosphere, it is suggested that the aggregation reaction is part of the coagulation sequence. The immunologic approach to demonstrating constituents of the platelet membrane promises to be a highly specific technique for studying further the constituents of the platelet membrane and their reactions in hemostasis.
Measurement of vitamin B12-binding proteins of plasma. I. Technique
Authors: Begley JA , Hall CA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The unsaturated binding capacities (UBBC) of individual vitamin B12- binding proteins in plasma were measured by a two-step procedure. Transcobalamin II (TC II) was separated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate; the “R”-type binders remaining soluble were then divided into two components by bath separation with anion exchange on DEAE- cellulose. The two R components were designated alpha1-R (TC 1) and alpha2-R (third binder, fetal binder, PV binder, TC III). Ten normal sera were studied by this technique giving a separation into TC III and total plasma R identical to that obtained simultaneously by gel filtration. The mean UBBC of TC II was 969 plus or minus 204 pg of 57 Co B12 per ml of serum. The mean contamination of the precipitated TC III with plasma R was 3%. The UBBCs of alpha 2-R and alpha 1-R were 127 plus or minus 42 and 40 plus or minus 12 pg/ml, respectively. The mean contamination of the R fraction by TC II was 14% as evaluated by gel filtration. By isoelectric focusing it was found that the alpha1-R contained principally those components isoelectric at pH isoelectric at pH of 2.9–3.2, while alpha2-R was made up of those components isoelectric at pH of 3.6 or greater.
Red cell iron uptake in hereditary microcytic anemia
Authors: Edwards JA , Hoke JE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The iron uptake in vitro of red cells from mice with hereditary microcytic anemia (gene symbol mk) was studied to examine the hypothesis of a generalized impairment of cellular iron uptake in this conidition. Reticulocyte-rich red cells from anemic (mk/mk) and acutely bled normal (+/+) mice were incubated in 59Fe-labeled mouse plasma and the radioiron uptake measured. The 59Fe uptake of the mk/mk and +/+ cells was related in the same way to the reticulocyte concentration, the duration of incubation, and the percentage saturation of the plasma iron-binding capacity. However, under the same conditions, the iron uptake of red cells from normal (+/+) mice was greater than that by red cells from anemic (mk/mk) mice. Furthermore, the cellular loss of radioiron on exposure to EDTA was greater for the mk/mk red cells, although the proportion of the radioiron taken up that was incorporated into heme was the same for mk/mk and +/+ red cells. These results support the hypothesis of a generalized impairment of cellular iron uptake in hereditary microcytic anemia and suggest that there might be a defect in red cell receptor sites for transferrin in this condition.