bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A brain-permeable inhibitor of the neurodegenerative disease target kynurenine 3-monooxygenase prevents accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites
Authors: Zhang Shaowei , Sakuma Michiyo , Deora Girdhar S. , Levy Colin W. , Klausing Alex , Breda Carlo , Read Kevin D. , Edlin Chris D. , Ross Benjamin P. , Wright Muelas Marina , Day Philip J. , O’Hagan Stephen , Kell Douglas B. , Schwarcz Robert , Leys David , Heyes Derren J. , Giorgini Flaviano , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) leads to imbalances in neuroactive metabolites associated with the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington’s disease (HD). Inhibition of the enzyme kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) in the KP normalises these metabolic imbalances and ameliorates neurodegeneration and related phenotypes in several neurodegenerative disease models. KMO is thus a promising candidate drug target for these disorders, but known inhibitors are not brain permeable. Here, 19 new KMO inhibitors have been identified. One of these (1) is neuroprotective in a Drosophila HD model but is minimally brain penetrant in mice. The prodrug variant (1b) crosses the blood–brain barrier, releases 1 in the brain, thereby lowering levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine, a toxic KP metabolite linked to neurodegeneration. Prodrug 1b will advance development of targeted therapies against multiple neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases in which KP likely plays a role, including HD, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease.
Carbene-catalyzed asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation-annulation sequence and rapid synthesis of indole-fused polycyclic alkaloids
Authors: Anwar Muhammad , Yang Shuang , Xu Weici , Liu Jinggong , Perveen Saima , Kong Xiangwen , Zehra Syeda Tazeen , Fang Xinqiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrganocatalyzed asymmetric Friedel–Craft reactions have enabled the rapid construction of chiral molecules with highly enantioselectivity enriching the toolbox of chemists for producing complex substances. Here, we report N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed asymmetric indole Friedel–Crafts alkylation-annulation with α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium as the key intermediate, affording a large variety of indole-fused polycyclic alkaloids with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The reaction mechanism is also investigated, and the reaction products can be easily converted to highly functionalized indole frameworks with different core structures.
An Investigation of Taste Intensity, Palatability, Effervescence, and Sip Volumes of Carbonated Liquid Stimuli for Use in Videofluoroscopic Studies
Authors: Turkington Leisa , Ward Elizabeth C. , Farrell Anna M. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Existing studies examining the effect of carbonated fluids on swallow physiology under videofluoroscopy (videofluoroscopic swallowing studies [VFSSs]) have significant variability across the fluids tested and limited consideration of the stability of the carbonation or fluid palatability. This study compared the effervescence behavior, carbonation intensity (sour, bite, bubble), palatability, and sip volumes of carbonated liquids as used in VFSSs and control samples.

Method
Forty-two healthy women (20 supertasters, 22 nontasters; 20–61 years old) took sips of 4 different liquids (water, carbonated water, barium sulfate with sodium bicarbonate granules, and barium sulfate with carbonated water) across 2 time conditions (on preparation and 5 min postpreparation). The 8 conditions were presented in 100-ml amounts, in randomized order. At presentation of each fluid, participants immediately rated effervescence via visual inspection. Then after sips of each fluid, participants rated perceived intensity of sour, “bubbles” and “bite,” and palatability. Sip size was derived from residual volumes. Participant perceptions of fluids were also collected.

Results

The effervescence of barium sulfate with sodium bicarbonate granules, as used in the majority of published studies, was most impacted by time (
p
< .05), rated poorly for palatability, and had the largest impact on sip size (
p
< .05). Participant comments regarding the VFSS fluids were grouped in 4 themes: (a) adverse/other reactions, (b) awareness of sensory properties, (c) physiological reactions, and (d) swallow changes.

Conclusions
The significant differences between liquids regarding effervescence behavior, impact of preparation time, palatability, impact on naturalistic sipping, and patient perceptions warrant consideration when testing carbonated fluids during videofluoroscopy.
Relationships Among Self-Reported Hearing Problems, Psychological Distress, and Cardiovascular Disease in U.S. Adults, National Health Interview Survey 1997–2017
Authors: Xu Dongjuan , Francis Alexander L. 
Published: July 2019

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the hypothesis that the relationship between hearing problems and cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes a connection to psychological distress.

Design

We used generalized structural equation modeling to assess relationships between self-reported measures of hearing problems, psychological distress, and CVD in a pooled sample of 623,416 adult respondents in the 1997–2017 National Health Interview Survey. Hearing status without hearing aids was self-reported on an ordinal scale and further grouped for this study into 3 categories (excellent or good hearing, little or moderate trouble hearing, and a lot of trouble or deaf). Six CVDs (stroke, angina pectoris, hypertension, heart attack, coronary heart disease, or other heart condition/disease) were incorporated as a latent variable. Psychological distress was evaluated by the Kessler 6 Scale (
Kessler et al., 2010
). All estimates were population weighted, and standard errors were adjusted for a complex survey design.

Results
Nearly 83% reported excellent or good hearing, 14% reported a little or moderate trouble hearing, and 3% reported a lot of trouble hearing or said they were deaf. Hearing problems were positively associated with CVD. Relative to those reporting excellent/good hearing, adults reporting trouble hearing had a higher probability of CVD. Hearing problems were also significantly associated with psychological distress. When psychological distress was applied to the model, positive associations between hearing problems and CVD were attenuated but still significant. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the connection between self-reported hearing problems and CVD is mediated through psychological distress.

Conclusions
The relationship between self-reported hearing problems and CVD is mediated by psychological distress. Further research is needed to identify causal pathways and psychophysiological mechanisms involved in this relationship and to identify effective methods for addressing cardiovascular health-related psychosocial factors in the treatment of hearing impairment.
Multi-criterion, automated, high-performance, rapid tool for assessing mucosal visualization quality of still images in small bowel capsule endoscopy
Authors: Oumrani Sarra , Histace Aymeric , Abou Ali Einas , Pietri Olivia , Becq Aymeric , Houist Guy , Nion-Larmurier Isabelle , Camus Marine , Florent Christian , Dray Xavier 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the preferred method for small bowel (SB) exploration. Its diagnostic yield can be reduced by poor mucosal visualization. We aimed to evaluate three electronic parameters – colorimetry, abundance of bubbles, and brightness – to assess the adequacy of mucosal visualization of SB-CE images.
Patients and methods Six-hundred still images were randomly extracted from 30 complete and normal SB-CEs. Three experts independently evaluated these images according to a 10-point assessment grid. Any frame with a mean score above seven was considered adequately cleansed. Each image was analyzed electronically according to the three preset parameters, individually and then combined, with the experts' score as reference. A random forests methodology was used for machine learning and testing.
Results The combination of the three electronic parameters achieved better discrimination of adequately from inadequately cleansed frames as compared to each individual parameter taken separately (sensitivity 90.0 % [95 %C. I. 84.1 – 95.9], specificity 87.7 % [95 %C. I. 81.3 – 94.2]).
Conclusion This multi-criterion score constitutes a comprehensive, reproducible, reliable, automated and rapid cleansing score for SB-CE frames. A patent is pending at the European patent office.
Non-CF Bronchiectasis as a Possible Indicator of a Primary Immunodeficiency: Diagnosis, Clinical Course, and Quality of Life in a Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Klemann Christian , Kellermann Kinga Beata , Ehl Stephan , Stenzel Martin , Mueller Christoph , Heinzmann Andrea , Bode Sebastian Felix Nepomuk 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background Non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCBE) is an increasingly recognized chronic, progressive respiratory disorder with significant morbidity also in children and adolescents.
Methods We longitudinally assessed a cohort of 35 pediatric patients with NCBE and investigated underlying diagnosis, symptoms, clinical course, treatment, and quality of life.
Results NCBE were diagnosed at a mean age of 9.5 (±5.3) years. In half of the children NCBE were found prior to identification of the causative diagnosis. Primary immunodeficiency (PID) was identified as the underlying diagnosis in 24/35 (68%) cases, of which two-thirds showed antibody deficiency. In the 11 non-PID cases ciliopathies were most common (n=7). Clinical aspects such as manifestation age, cough or dyspnea symptoms, and exacerbation frequency did not differ significantly between PID and non-PID patients. Likewise, quality of life (QoL) was equally reduced in both groups. Lung function test parameters were stable under appropriate therapy in all children. The majority in both groups was insufficiently vaccinated against influenza and pneumococci.
Conclusion Our data indicates that NCBE need to be especially appreciated as a presenting sign of PID in pediatric patients. Thus, occurrence of NCBE should warrant rigorous diagnostics to identify the underlying condition. In our cohort NCBE themselves rather than the causative diagnoses seem to dictate the clinical course of disease and reduce QoL in children. More intensive efforts have to be undertaken to vaccinate patients according to recommendations.
Einfluss von Expanderzügen auf dem Laufband auf spatio-temporale und dynamische Gangparameter bei gesunden Probanden
Authors: Schulze Stephan , Lauenroth Andreas , Delank Karl-Stefan , Schwesig René 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Gangtherapeutische Maßnahmen auf dem Laufband werden zunehmend durch den Einsatz technischer Hilfsmittel unterstützt. Hierbei kommen bei hohen Beeinträchtigungen der Gehfähigkeit mit geringer Restfunktion teilweise Robotiksysteme und Exoskelette zum Einsatz. Diese sind aufgrund der Investitionskosten jedoch wenig verbreitet. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einsatz eines Expandersystems im gangtherapeutischen Setting und objektiviert den Einfluss verschiedener Zugrichtungen und Applikationsorte auf das Gangbild.
Methode Insgesamt wurden 24 asymptomatische Probanden auf einem dynamometrischen Laufband untersucht. Sie absolvierten 12 Versuche mit bilateralen Expanderzügen (von ventral, lateral und dorsal) an Ober- und Unterschenkel.
Ergebnisse Varianzanalytisch zeigten sich für die verschiedenen Testbedingungen signifikante Veränderungen in nahezu allen spatio-temporalen und dynamischen Gangparametern.
Schlussfolgerung Basierend auf den Ergebnissen kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass der Expanderzug einen relevanten Einfluss auf das Gangbild und die am Gang beteiligten neuromuskulären Funktionseinheiten ausübt. Die Art und Richtung der Beeinflussung des Gangbildes ist dabei vom Applikationsort der Manschetten und der wirkenden Zugrichtung abhängig.
Wirkung von kontinuierlicher Kühlung auf Schwellung, Beweglichkeit, Schmerz und Blutverlust
Authors: Toth Tina , Steiner Melanie , Watzek Dörte 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei der Anwendung von Kryotherapie gehört die Continuous Flow Cold Therapy (CFCT) zu den moderneren Anwendungsformen.
Ziel Diese Literaturübersichtsarbeit untersuchte die Wirkungen von Kältetherapie bei Personen nach einer Kniegelenkprothesenoperation.
Methode Die Literatursuche fand in den Datenbanken Cochrane, Embase und PubMed im Zeitraum Januar 2018 bis Juli 2018 statt. Eingeschlossen wurden randomisierte kontrollierte klinische Studien in deutscher oder englischer Sprache. Die Zielparameter umfassten Schwellung, maximale Beweglichkeit, Schmerz und Blutverlust. Die Bewertung der Studien erfolgte mithilfe der PEDro-Skala.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 8 prospektive Studien mit 832 Probanden eingeschlossen. Der PEDro-Score lag im Median bei 4,5 von 10 Punkten. Die Messungen waren sehr heterogen. Nur wenige Studien fanden signifikante Unterschiede zwischen der Interventions- und der Kontrollgruppe für die Zielparameter Schwellung, Schmerzen oder Beweglichkeit. Statistisch signifikante Unterschiede waren kaum klinisch relevant. Beim Blutverlust ergaben sich signifikante und klinisch relevante Unterschiede.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse zeigten keinen Nutzen der kontinuierlichen Kühlung gegenüber Kühl- oder Eispackungen. CFCT-Geräte riefen keine schädigenden Effekte hervor und können daher weiterhin genutzt werden.
Capsaicin and Piperine as Functional Excipients for Improved Drug Delivery across Nasal Epithelial Models
Authors: Gerber Werner , Steyn Dewald , Kotzé Awie , Svitina Hanna , Weldon Ché , Hamman Josias 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe fruit from various pepper plants has been employed for the seasoning of food, as perfuming agents, and also as traditional medicines. Phytochemicals isolated from different pepper species have been found to modulate the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs. This study investigated the possibility to apply capsaicin and piperine (extracted alkaloids) as modulators for drug delivery across the nasal epithelium. Both a nasal epithelial cell line (RPMI 2650) and excised sheep nasal tissue were used as models to investigate the effects of the selected pepper compounds on drug permeation. FITC-dextran 4400 (MW 4400 Da) was used as a large molecular weight marker compound for paracellular transport, while rhodamine 123 was used as a marker compound that is a substrate for P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux. From the permeation results, it was clear that capsaicin inhibited P-glycoprotein efflux to a larger extent, while piperine showed drug permeation enhancement via other mechanisms. The cell cytotoxicity studies indicated that capsaicin was noncytotoxic up to a concentration of 200 µM and piperine up to a concentration of 500 µM as indicated by cell viability above 80%. The histological analysis of the excised nasal tissue and cultured RPMI 2650 cell layers indicated that some damage occurred after treatment with 200 µM capsaicin, but no changes were observed for piperine up to a concentration of 50 µM.
Neonatal Seizures—Are We there Yet?
Authors: Ramantani Georgia , Schmitt Bernhard , Plecko Barbara , Pressler Ronit M. , Wohlrab Gabriele , Klebermass-Schrehof Katrin , Hagmann Cornelia , Pisani Francesco , Boylan Geraldine B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeonatal seizures are the most prevalent and distinctive sign of neurologic dysfunction in early life and pose an immense challenge for clinicians. Improvements in neonatal care have increased the survival rate of extremely premature infants, considerably changing the spectrum of underlying etiologies, and instigating a gradual shift from mortality to morbidity. Recognizing neonatal seizures can be challenging due to variability in presentation but clinical features can often provide valuable clues about etiology. Yet, the majority of neonatal seizures are subclinical. Even though conventional electroencephalography (EEG) with simultaneous video detection of seizures still represents the diagnostic gold standard, continuous monitoring using a one- to two-channel amplitude-integrated EEG with concurrent unprocessed EEG can be crucial for early recognition and intervention. Furthermore, tremendous progress has been made in neuroimaging, and all infants with seizures should have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help identify the underlying etiology. While the majority of neonatal seizures are caused by hypoxic-ischemic events, stroke, hemorrhage, or infection, approximately 15% of patients will require more sophisticated algorithms for diagnostic workup, including metabolic and genetic screening. These recent developments have led to renew interest in the classification of neonatal seizures, which aim to help identify etiology and guide appropriate therapeutic and prognostic decisions. In this review, we outline recent progress made in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal seizures and highlight areas that deserve further research.
Medidas de longitud en la investigación empírica de
ASL
Authors: Mavrou Irini , Ainciburu María Cecilia 
Published: July 2019

Resumen
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el controvertido
estatus de tres medidas lingüísticas ampliamente utilizadas en la investigación
empírica de Adquisición de Segundas Lenguas, como son la longitud promedio de la
unidad terminal, la longitud promedio de la cláusula y la longitud promedio de
la oración. Sesenta y cinco aprendientes griegos de español como lengua
extranjera realizaron dos tareas escritas y su actuación se evaluó con base en
un total de 24 medidas de precisión, fluidez y complejidad sintáctica y léxica.
Mediante la aplicación del Análisis Factorial Común se pudo constatar que las
medidas de longitud (longitud promedio de la unidad terminal y de la cláusula) y
de subordinación cargan en factores diferentes y, más que fluidez, dichas
medidas evalúan diferentes facetas del constructo de complejidad sintáctica. En
cuanto a la longitud promedio de la oración, los resultados sugieren que esta
medida se ve influenciada por factores relacionados con su cómputo, con la
extensión de los textos analizados, así como por las convenciones lingüísticas
que rigen la lengua materna o extranjera.
Metáforas de la esquizofrenia
Authors: Coll-Florit Marta , Miranda Xavier , Climent Salvador 
Published: July 2019

ResumenEste estudio presenta el análisis de las metáforas conceptuales producidas en el discurso de afectados de esquizofrenia y profesionales relacionados con dicho trastorno mental. La investigación permite distinguir y comparar subgrupos coherentes de estos colectivos en el corpus de trabajo e interpretar modelos subyacentes de conceptualización de la enfermedad. El corpus analizado consiste en tres documentales que recogen relatos en primera persona. Se han clasificado cuantitativa y cualitativamente las expresiones metafóricas de los intervinientes y se han inferido conjuntos de ideas y creencias a la luz de la teoría de la metáfora conceptual, un marco teórico bien establecido en la lingüística cognitiva. Las conclusiones muestran los principales patrones de conceptualización de la enfermedad por parte de afectados vinculados a programas de rehabilitación social, afectados no vinculados a ellos, psiquiatras, y otros profesionales relacionados con la salud mental, así como similitudes y diferencias relevantes entre dichos grupos.
Dialect and identity
Authors: George Angela , Hoffman-González Anne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeritage language learners of Spanish are studying abroad in Spanish-speaking countries yet their linguistic evolution in Spanish is not addressed sufficiently in existing published scholarship. The current study consists of four case studies of US heritage speakers of Spanish studying abroad in Spanish-speaking countries different from their ancestors. Previous research on heritage speakers abroad has not addressed linguistic development. The current study attempts to fill this gap by using a variety of tasks to elicit the use of regional features to compare these heritage learners to second language learners and also first language learners who develop second dialects as a result of living abroad. The findings reveal changes in the production of regional features throughout the semester by three of the four learners of Spanish. These changes are attributed to shifts in identity coupled with proficiency level and contact with locals.
Lexical chunks in English and Spanish sales contracts
Authors: López Arroyo Belén , Pérez Leticia Moreno 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the study of word combinations “of common usage” which are “lexicalized”, have “syntactic and semantic stability, may be idiomatized and carry connotations, and have an emphatic or intensifying function.” (Gläser 1994/1995, 45). Following previous research on Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP) and legal phraseology, we will define, identify and classify these units in English and Spanish according to their form and meaning, using a comparable corpus of sales contracts. To carry out our study, we will focus on a number of descriptors that are commonly used within these units on the basis of the headwords they collocate with, in order to determine how specific or general they are in their form, use and meaning since this issue poses translation problems. As genres determine matters such as or terminology and phraseology, the results will be useful for specialized translators and legal drafters.
Quasi-periodic events on structured earthquake models*
Authors: Li Bin-Quan , Wu Zhi-Xi , Wang Sheng-Jun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
There has been much interest in studying quasi-periodic events on earthquake models. Here we investigate quasi-periodic events in the avalanche time series on structured earthquake models by the analysis of the autocorrelation function and the fast Fourier transform. For random spatial earthquake models, quasi-periodic events are robust and we obtain a simple rule for a period that is proportional to the choice of unit time and the dissipation of the system. Moreover, computer simulations validate this rule for two-dimensional lattice models and cycle graphs, but our simulation results also show that small-world models, scale-free models, and random rule graphs do not have periodic phenomena. Although the periodicity of avalanche does not depend on the criticality of the system or the average degree of the system or the size of the system, there is evidence that it depends on the time series of the average force of the system.
Detection of Nonhematologic Neoplasms by Routine Flow Cytometry Analysis
Authors: Annunziata Joseph , Miller Michael L , Park David C , Vlad George , Bhagat Govind , Alobeid Bachir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the ability of routine flow cytometry (FC) to detect nonhematologic neoplasms (non-HN) using antibody panels routinely used for the diagnosis of hematologic neoplasms.MethodsFC analyses of 4,000 various diagnostic samples were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases in which an aberrant, viable CD45-negative, nonhematologic neoplastic population was detected by FC panels designed to evaluate hematologic neoplasms.ResultsA total of 57 (1.4%) diverse non-HNs were identified, representing neuroendocrine tumors (33/57) and carcinomas (9/57), as well as other malignancies (15/57) such as sarcoma and melanoma. The majority of neoplasms were positive for at least one antibody, typically CD56 (43/51, 84.3%), followed by CD117 (15/34, 44.1%) and CD138 (6/33, 18.2%).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of carefully inspecting CD45-negative events to identify non-HNs by routine FC analysis. This can help expedite further downstream immunophenotypic analysis of specimens and triage samples for appropriate genetic and molecular studies.