bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine recommended breed weight ranges are not a good predictor of an ideal body condition score
Authors: Smith E. G. , Davis K. , Sulsh L. , Harvey S. C. , Fowler K. E. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBreed‐specific ideal bodyweight range information is widely used by dog owners and breeders as a guideline to ensure animals are within a healthy weight range. Body Condition Scoring, a method used by veterinarians to assess an animal's overall shape with regard to weight is considered to be an excellent method to determine an animal's overall body condition; these values, however, do not always correspond to published weight ranges. Here, the weight, neuter status, age and a nine‐point Body Condition Score of a population of 140 purebred dogs were recorded and subsequently analysed to determine whether bodyweight was an effective predictor for Body Condition Scores. This comparison indicated that published recommended, breed‐specific body weight ranges are not a good predictor for an ideal BCS and as such, guidelines for owners and breeders need to be systematically reviewed.
British Nutrition Foundation Annual Lecture 2017 – Diet, obesity and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Jebb S. A. , White A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper provides a summary of the British Nutrition Foundation Annual Lecture by Professor Susan Jebb held at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on 14 November 2017. Professor Jebb, recipient of the 2016 British Nutrition Foundation Prize for outstanding achievement in the area of nutrition, spoke of her research on diet, obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and her work to translate science into action to help improve the nation's diet. This paper briefly summarises her research, including analyses of the links between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk in prospective cohorts, mechanistic studies such as the effect of portion size on energy intake, a series of randomised controlled trials to test the impact of diet composition on markers of CVD risk, and clinical trials of interventions to treat obesity in primary healthcare settings. Professor Jebb emphasised the need to translate the considerable scientific knowledge about the prevention of CVD through modification of risk factors such as obesity, into systems embedded in routine practice and population‐level interventions, in order to improve public health and tackle health inequalities.
Cognitive and physical factors affecting daily function in Alzheimer's disease: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Yu Fang , Chen Yan , Mathiason Michelle A. , Wan Qiaoqin , Lin Feng V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the factors affecting activities of daily living (ADL) is important in Alzheimer's disease (AD), because decline in ADL contributes to many poor health outcomes. Existing studies often investigate the factors in isolation without a theoretical framework. The purpose of the present study was to provide preliminary results on how cognition, physical performance, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia mediate the relationship of aerobic fitness and ADL in AD. A cross‐sectional analysis was used (n = 28: average age 78 [8] years, education 16 (3) years, Mini‐Mental State Examination scores 20 [4]). The results showed that aerobic fitness is not linked to ADL directly, and its association with ADL was mediated by physical performance and global cognition. Our findings provide preliminary support for aerobic fitness as a potential therapeutic target, as enhanced aerobic fitness could simultaneously modify other factors affecting ADL. Nurses are in a unique position for coordinating exercise safety assessment and prescription and educating older adults with AD about exercise participation.
Root development in agronomically distinct six‐rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense Sp7
Authors: Lade Sarah B. , Román Carla , Cueto‐Ginzo Ana I. , Maneiro Laura , Muñoz Pilar , Medina Vicente 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe growth‐promoting rhizobacteria Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 positively affects many crops, but its influence on barley remains to be fully investigated. The aim of this study was to track early root growth of four barley cultivars that are widely used in Spanish breeding programmes under different growing scenarios. Different growth conditions are hypothesized to affect the response of young plants to A. brasilense Sp7, so seeds were inoculated with A. brasilense Sp7 and directly sown in the growth chamber, or planted in vitro. Plant height was measured and root structure analysed with the WinRHIZO program. Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 inoculation increased the length, surface area and number of root tips in both systems and in most cultivars in a similar way. Cultivars ‘Barberousse’ and ‘Plaisant’ were the most responsive to A. brasilense Sp7 treatment, while ‘Albacete’ was especially interesting in terms of its physiological interaction with A. brasilense Sp7 under abiotic stress imposed by the in vitro system. The utility of the in vitro system is criticized.
Power in Editorial Positions: A Feminist Critique of Public Administration
Authors: Feeney Mary K. , Carson Lisa , Dickinson Helen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractJournal editors serve a vital, powerful role in academic fields. They set research priorities, serve as gatekeepers for research, play a critical role in advancing junior scholars as reviewers and eventually into editorial roles, build extensive networks, and gain valuable insight into the behavior and preferences of reviewers and scholars. This article analyzes data collected from leading public administration journals in 2017 to investigate the role of women as gatekeepers of public administration knowledge. The data illustrate a clear underrepresentation of women on editorial boards. Drawing from these data, research on journal editorships, and feminist theory, the authors present a critique of the current state of public administration research and a discussion of a way forward. They conclude with a proposal for how all public administration scholars (junior, senior, men, and women), journal leadership, and academic departments can move toward increasing women's representation in these important positions.
Planning and evaluation for vascular access in the elderly
Authors: Halinski Candice , Koncicki Holly M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVascular access is of vital importance for patients requiring dialysis therapies. AV fistulas have been endorsed by many professional societies as the access of choice, however, subsequent creation does not go without consequences. As the population ages and patients become more medically complex, access failure has become a major cause of treatment complication. For the elderly, this is especially true and there are multiple decision points that require careful reflection before an AVF is placed. This article reviews access considerations for AVF placement in the elderly population and considers the possibility that the fistula first approach to vascular access should not be an absolute.
The early effect of microdermabrasion on hydration and sebum level
Authors: Fąk M. , Rotsztejn H. , Erkiert‐Polguj A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundMicrodermabrasion is a popular form of mechanical peel, used for many aesthetic purposes. Because it removes the superficial epidermal layer, it has an impact on hydrolipid skin coat.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to examine the changes taking place in the hydrolipid coat of the skin after microdermabrasion measured by skin hydration and sebum level.MethodsSixteen healthy women were included in the study, and the aluminium oxide crystal microdermabrasion device was used over the entire face of each patient. Measurements of stratum corneum hydration and sebum level were taken at baseline, just after the treatment, and 30 and 60 minutes later.ResultsA statistically significant difference in stratum corneum hydration was found on the cheeks 30 minutes after treatment and in the T‐zone immediately after the procedure. Sebum reduction was observed immediately after the procedure irrespective of skin type and face area. In addition, sebum value was found to return to baseline 1 hour after the procedure.ConclusionsThe observed changes in epidermal barrier function may be responsible for the clinical improvement following microdermabrasion.
Using soil organic matter fractions as indicators of soil physical quality
Authors: Pulido‐Moncada M. , Lozano Z. , Delgado M. , Dumon M. , Van Ranst E. , Lobo D. , Gabriels D. , Cornelis W. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of chemical and physical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM), rather than SOM per se, as indicators of soil physical quality (SPQ) based on their effect on aggregate stability (AS). Chemically extracted humic and fulvic acids (HA and FA) were used as chemical fractions, and heavy and light fractions (HF and LF) obtained by density separation as physical fractions. The analyses were conducted on medium‐textured soils from tropical and temperate regions under cropland and pasture. Results show that soil organic carbon (SOC), SOM fractions and AS appear to be affected by land use regardless of the origin of the soils. A general separation of structurally stable and unstable soils between samples of large and small SOC content, respectively, was observed. SOM fractions did not show a better relationship with AS than SOC per se. In both geographical regions, soils under cropland showed the smallest content of SOC, HA and carbon concentration in LF and HF, and the largest HF/LF ratio (proportion of the HF and LF in percent by mass of bulk soil). With significant associations between AS and SOC content (0.79**), FA/SOC (r = −0.83**), HA/FA (r = 0.58**), carbon concentration of LF (r = 0.69**) and HF (r = 0.70**) and HF/LF ratio (r = 0.80**), cropland showed lowest AS. These associations indicate that SOM fractions provide information about differences in SOM quality in relation to AS and SPQ of soils from tropical and temperate regions under cropland and pasture.
Knowledge and attitudes about cervical cancer and its prevention among female secondary school students in Nigeria
Authors: Ifediora Chris O. , Azuike Emmanuel C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the level of awareness and attitudes towards cervical cancer among secondary school students in Nigeria.MethodCross‐sectional survey of 432 female senior secondary school students in south‐eastern Nigeria.ResultsA total of 321 (74.3%) responses were valid; 42.7% had heard of cervical cancer, 32.8% of screening, 23.2% of Pap smears and 22.0% of HPV/HPV vaccinations. No widely available reliable source of information exists. General knowledge about Pap smears (41.8%) and HPV (43.1%) was poor, as was specific knowledge about their benefits, timing and frequency, and about HPV vaccinations, but associated attitudes were moderately positive at 60.2% and 65.1%, respectively. Awareness of cervical cancers increases knowledge about when to start screening (OR = 2.30; P = 0.02) and about early symptoms of cervical cancer (OR = 2.56; P = 0.001).ConclusionOverall knowledge of cervical cancer is poor, but attitudes are positive. Awareness campaigns are therefore necessary, and are expected to be effective. Campaigns should target teenage females, and commencing teaching in high schools of developing countries, through materials included in their academic curricula, is recommended.
Detection of major loci associated with the variation of 18 important agronomic traits between Solanum pimpinellifolium and cultivated tomatoes
Authors: Zhang Shuaibin , Yu Hong , Wang Ketao , Zheng Zheng , Liu Lei , Xu Meng , Jiao Zhicheng , Li Ren , Liu Xiyan , Li Jiayang , Cui Xia 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWild species can be used to improve various agronomic traits in cultivars; however, a limited understanding of the genetic basis underlying the morphological differences between wild and cultivated species hinders the integration of beneficial traits from wild species. In the present study, we generated and sequenced recombinant inbred lines (RILs, 201 F10 lines) derived from a cross between Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum tomatoes. Based on a high‐resolution recombination bin map to uncover major loci determining the phenotypic variance between wild and cultivated tomatoes, 104 significantly associated loci were identified for 18 agronomic traits. On average, these loci explained ~39% of the phenotypic variance of the RILs. We further generated near‐isogenic lines (NILs) for four identified loci, and the lines exhibited significant differences for the associated traits. We found that two loci could improve the flower number and inflorescence architecture in the cultivar following introgression of the wild‐species alleles. These findings allowed us to construct a trait–locus network to help explain the correlations among different traits based on the pleiotropic or linked loci. Our results provide insights into the morphological changes between wild and cultivated tomatoes, and will help to identify key genes governing important agronomic traits for the molecular selection of elite tomato varieties.
Na restriction activates epithelial Na channels in rat kidney through two mechanisms and decreases distal Na+ delivery
Authors: Frindt Gustavo , Yang Lei , Bamberg Krister , Palmer Lawrence G. 
Published: May 2018

Key points
Dietary Na restriction, through the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, acts on epithelial Na channels via both fast (24 h) and slow (5–7 days) mechanisms in the kidney.
The fast effect entails increased proteolytic processing and trafficking of channel protein to the apical membrane. It is rapidly reversible by the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone and is largely lost when tubules are studied ex vivo.
The slow effect does not require increased processing or surface expression, is refractory to acute eplerenone treatment, and is preserved ex vivo.
Both slow and fast effects contribute to Na retention in vivo.
Increased Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule also promotes Na conservation under conditions of chronic dietary Na restriction, reducing Na+ delivery to the distal nephron.
AbstractChanges in the activity of the epithelial Na channel (ENaC) help to conserve extracellular fluid volume. In rats fed a low‐salt diet, proteolytic processing of ENaC increased within 1 day, and was almost maximal after 3 days. The rapid increase in the abundance of cleaved αENaC and γENaC correlated with decreased urinary Na+ excretion and with increased ENaC surface expression. By contrast, ENaC activity, measured ex vivo in isolated cortical collecting ducts, increased modestly after 3 days and required 5 days to reach maximal levels. The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone reversed the increase in cleaved γENaC and induced natriuresis after 1 or 3 days but failed to alter either ENaC currents or Na+ excretion after 7 days of Na restriction. We conclude that Na depletion, through aldosterone, stimulates ENaC via independent fast and slow mechanisms. In vivo, amiloride‐induced natriuresis increased after 1 day of Na depletion. By contrast, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)‐induced natriuresis decreased gradually over 7 days, consistent with increased ability of ENaC activity to compensate for decreased Na+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. Administration of amiloride and HCTZ together increased Na+ excretion less in Na‐depleted compared to control animals, indicating decreased delivery of Na+ to the distal nephron when dietary Na is restricted. Measurements of creatinine and Li+ clearances indicated that increased Na reabsorption by the proximal tubules is responsible for the decreased delivery. Thus, Na conservation during chronic dietary salt restriction entails enhanced transport by both proximal and distal nephron segments.
The Assessment of Creep-Fatigue Crack Initiation in Carburized Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Chevalier Marc 
Published: May 2018

It has been identified that in-service carburization of austenitic stainless steels in the UK Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor (AGR) fleet can impact upon creep-fatigue crack initiation, which is assessed using the R5 Volume 2/3 assessment methodology.
Material properties for the carburized layer have been derived through testing of preconditioned specimens. These properties have been used to propose a simplified assessment methodology for the treatment of creep-fatigue crack initiation in carburized specimens. The methodology accounts for the negative impacts of carburization, such as the reduced creep ductility, but does not benefit from the potentially positive impacts, such as the increased creep deformation resistance.
At relatively low strain ranges, typically seen by plant components, these simplifications generally result in a very conservative creep-fatigue lifetime prediction. However, at short dwell times (in load control) at high strain ranges (in strain control) the methodology has the potential to be non-conservative when the stress mismatch between the carburised layer and bulk material is severe due to differing cyclic stress-strain properties. Therefore pragmatic limits of application must be applied to the simplified approach. This paper explores these limitations of the simplified assessment advice, the impact on plant assessments and how current research is looking at how less conservative assessment methodology can be developed.
Weld Overlay of Highly Corrosion Resistant Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Alloys, UNS N06059, on Low Alloy Equipment Operating at High Temperature
Authors: Volpi A. , Serra G. 
Published: May 2018

Corrosion conditions in the Chemical and Oil and Gas Industries are such that equipment must withstand pressure and corrosion at high temperatures.
Due to the fact that in many cases only the internal surface is exposed to corrosive attack, and so only that surface needs to be protected, savings on material costs can be achieved by taking advantage of the weld overlay technique.
Weld overlay, through the choice of alloy, is selected to resist to the corrosive attack. Parent material can be selected based on the required strength at temperature.
In recent years, highly corrosion resistant Nickel Chromium-Molybdenum Alloys have been developed to operate in the most severe corrosive environments.
One of the recent developments in this family of materials, is Alloy 59 UNS N06059 that is replacing Hastelloy C-2000 UNS N06200 and Hastelloy C-22 UNS N06022. Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum alloys are the most versatile nickel alloys, because they contain molybdenum, which protects against corrosion under reducing conditions, and chromium which protects against corrosion under oxidizing conditions.
Wrought products produced from these alloys are processed to obtain a homogeneous austenitic grain structure. Weld overlay or weld deposit, due to the fundamental differences in processing compared to base material, result in a more heterogeneous metallurgical grain structure that in general shows however a good level of corrosion resistance.
Weld or Weld overlay features are highly dependent on electric parameters, filler metal, technique, base material temperature, etc., and for this reason the general settings of the welding process need to be finalized and tested, with the intent of optimizing all these parameters in order to allow the best corrosion results.
A research activity has been carried out by ALFA LAVAL OLMI to define a processes and parameters’ selection in order to obtain a weld deposit with a behavior as close as possible to wrought Alloy 59 base material.
Fitness-for-Service Evaluation of a Gr 91 to Gr 22 Dissimilar Metal Weldment Subject to Creep
Authors: Cohn Marvin J. , Cronin Michael T. , Faham Fatma 
Published: May 2018

A fitness-for-service (FFS) evaluation was performed on a cogeneration power plant high pressure steam line. The piping system included a Gr 91 to Gr 22 dissimilar metal weld (DMW) between an SA-335 Gr P91 pipe and an SA-335 Gr P22 reducer. This unit had accumulated more than 100,000 service hours. The FFS project included as-built and as-found piping stress analyses, redistribution of creep stresses, weld residual stress estimates, review of the nondestructive examination (NDE) results, evaluation of the plant information data, and a fracture mechanics evaluation.
Due to tapering of the Gr P22 pipe to match the wall thickness of the Gr P91 pipe at the DMW interface, the Gr P22 pipe wall thickness was not in compliance with the ASME B31.1-2000 Code minimum wall thickness (MWT). In addition, an inspection of the single groove girth DMW revealed ultrasonic indications along the fusion face of the weld. The lack of side wall fusion (LSWF) can be considered as a planar and crack-like indication, so a fracture mechanics evaluation was performed.
The piping stress analysis revealed that the DMW was subject to low axial stresses. A creep life fraction evaluation was performed for the material that does not have the LSWF indication, considering conservative creep rupture data, weld performance degradation, redistributed creep stresses, and multiaxial stresses in the DMW. Due to the low stresses, the life fraction analysis estimated more than 50 years of remaining creep life.
Failure Assessment Diagrams (FADs) were developed to evaluate the component integrity for various combinations of crack depths and lengths. The reported indications should not compromise the integrity of the component subject to the typical plant operation during the next 12 years and the component is fit for continued operation.
The crack propagation evaluation determined that the DMW has a predicted minimum safe operating life of at least 12 years if operated as in the past. Because the wall thickness of the tapered reducer is below the ASME B31.1 Code allowable MWT, it was recommended that the DMW be examined during a scheduled outage within 5 years and the component be replaced with Gr P91 material during a major outage within 8 years.