bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity, chronic job discrimination and social support
Authors: Kungu Kenneth , Melius Janella , Cannonier Colin , Wanga Valentine 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and chronic job discrimination. Additionally, the authors explore the contribution of various forms of social support to that relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this study were obtained from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the USA (MIDUS). Only those who reported being employed participated in the study (n= 1,150). The variables of interest included BMI, supervisor support, coworker support, family support, friend support, religious support and chronic job discrimination. Analysis included correlations, ANOVA’s and hierarchical linear regression.FindingsBMI was positively associated with chronic job discrimination. Respondents in the obese and morbidly obese categories reported higher job discrimination compared to normal weight respondents. Family support, supervisor support and coworker support were associated with less reported chronic job discrimination.Practical implicationsOrganizational leaders should acknowledge that obesity is associated with discrimination. Organizations should thus create anti-discrimination policies covering weight-based discrimination, conduct sensitivity training for all employees and train and coach supervisors on effective ways of offering support to employees.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of the role various forms of social support can play in reducing perceptions of chronic job discrimination. The paper is unique in that it considers several sources from which people draw support in managing for stressors.
The 2015 Chinese Food Safety Law and market quality
Authors: Wang Qizhi , Ota Rui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSafety standards, including food safety laws, provide necessary infrastructure to improve market quality. The present study investigates the impact of the revised Chinese Food Safety Law on the quality of China's food market. Using an event study approach, we empirically analyse the impact of nine official news events relating to the new Food Safety Law on the stock prices of companies engaged in food‐related businesses. The study demonstrates that three news events have a statistically significant and robust impact, and that all the events have a negative influence on the prices. The results show the possibility of a drop in market quality in the short term in the process of improving quality.
The Effects of Non‐tariff Measures on Agri‐food Trade: A Review and Meta‐analysis of Empirical Evidence
Authors: Santeramo Fabio Gaetano , Lamonaca Emilia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe increasing policy interest and academic debates on non‐tariff measures (NTMs) has stimulated a growing literature on how NTMs affect agri‐food trade. The empirical literature provides contrasting and heterogeneous evidence, with some studies supporting the ‘standards as catalysts’ view, and others favouring the ‘standards as barriers’ explanation. To the extent that NTMs can influence trade, understanding the prevailing effect, and the motivations behind one effect or the other, is a pressing issue. We review a large body of empirical evidence on the effect of NTMs on agri‐food trade and conduct a meta‐analysis to disentangle potential determinants of heterogeneity in estimates. Our findings show the role played by the publication process and by study‐specific assumptions. Some characteristics of the studies are correlated with positive significant estimates, others covary with negative significant estimates. Overall, we found that the effects of NTMs vary across types of NTM, proxies used for NTMs, and levels of detail of studies. The estimated effects are also influenced by methodological issues and publication processes.
Effect of Dietary Partial Hydrolysate of Phospholipids, Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid‐Bound Lysophospholipids, on Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition in Rat Serum and Liver
Authors: Hosomi Ryota , Fukunaga Kenji , Nagao Toshihiro , Tanizaki Toshifumi , Miyauchi Kazumasa , Yoshida Munehiro , Kanda Seiji , Nishiyama Toshimasa , Takahashi Koretaro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLysophospholipids have been recognized as potent biologically active lipid mediators. However, attention has not been paid to the health benefits of dietary partial hydrolysate of phospholipids (PH‐PL), which is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐bound lysophospholipids. In this study, the effects of PH‐PL on serum and liver lipid profiles of rats upon administration of PH‐PL are demonstrated in comparison to those of fish oil (FO), which comprises eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA‐bound triglyceride (TG). PH‐PL containing EPA and DHA was prepared via enzymatic modification of squid (Todarodes pacificus) meal that is rich in phospholipids. Male Wistar rats were fed a basal diet containing soybean oil alone (7%), FO, and PH‐PL. The FO and PH‐PL diets had similar EPA and DHA contents. After the rats had been fed their respective diets for 28 d, their serum and liver lipid contents, fecal lipid excretion, and hepatic gene expression level were measured. The results demonstrated that compared with the soybean oil diet alone, the PH‐PL diet decreased serum and liver TG contents partially because of the enhancement of liver acyl‐CoA oxidase activity and suppression of liver fatty acid synthase activity. In addition, compared with the soybean oil diet, the PH‐PL group exhibited lower serum cholesterol content at least in part because of the reduction of hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase mRNA expression level. We found that dietary administration of EPA and DHA containing PH‐PL has a hypolipidemic effect that may help prevent the development lifestyle‐related diseases.
Effect of calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament on the expression of caspase‐9 located within the radicular cyst epithelium
Authors: Kontogiannis Taxiarchis G. , Tosios Konstantinos I. , Kerezoudis Nikolaos P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractApoptosis (a programmed cell death mechanism) within the radicular cyst epithelium has still not been correlated with any clinical factor. This study aimed to investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide on apoptosis, via the detection of caspase‐9. Thirty radicular cysts collected during apicoectomies and stored in paraffin were retrospectively retrieved. Conservative endodontic treatments had been carried out either without (group (a) n = 14), or with calcium hydroxide application (group (b), n = 16) before obturation. All cysts were immunohistochemically stained for caspase‐9 to record apoptosis of the epithelium. Statistical analysis followed. The frequency of caspase‐9 immunoreactivity in the cystic epithelium in the two groups was 42.86% and 93.75% of cysts respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.04 < 0.05). In cysts larger than (or equal to) 10 mm, caspase‐9 was more frequently expressed. It was found calcium hydroxide appears to enhance the expression of caspase‐9, especially in large lesions.
Guidelines for the peri‐operative care of people with dementia
Authors: White S. , Griffiths R. , Baxter M. , Beanland T. , Cross J. , Dhesi J. , Docherty A. B. , Foo I. , Jolly G. , Jones J. , Moppett I. K. , Plunkett E. , Sachdev K. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryAgeing populations have greater incidences of dementia. People with dementia present for emergency and, increasingly, elective surgery, but are poorly served by the lack of available guidance on their peri‐operative management, particularly relating to pharmacological, medico‐legal, environmental and attitudinal considerations. These guidelines seek to deliver such guidance, by providing information for peri‐operative care providers about dementia pathophysiology, specific difficulties anaesthetising patients with dementia, medication interactions, organisational and medico‐legal factors, pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative care considerations, training, sources of further information and care quality improvement tools.
Simultaneous bilateral optic neuritis in China: clinical, serological and prognostic characteristics
Authors: Kang Hao , Liu Zihao , Li Hongyang , Chen Tingjun , Ai Nanping , Xu Quangang , Cao Shanshan , Tao Yong , Wei Shihui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the clinical characteristics of simultaneous bilateral ON patients in China.MethodsThis retrospective study was done on 51 primary bilateral ON patients between April 2008 and July 2016 at the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. Fifty eight primary unilateral ON patients formed the control group. Demographic data, clinical course, serum autoantibody status, connective tissue disorders, magnetic resonance imaging and visual functions were compared.ResultsThe mean age at disease onset in the bilateral group was younger than that of the unilateral group (p = 0.001). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total cell count and CSF total protein were significantly higher in the bilateral group (p = 0.001, p = 0.025). Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) antibodies were detected in 39% and 21% of the bilateral and unilateral patients, respectively (p = 0.03). Twenty two percent of the bilateral patients fulfilled the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO); 7% in the unilateral group did so (p = 0.03). Serum autoantibodies (ANA, SSA, SSB, etc.) were found in 49% of the bilateral patients and 29% of the unilateral patients (p = 0.035). After treatment, the bilateral patients were significantly more prone to severe visual disability eventually than their unilateral counterparts (p = 0.002). Patients with MOG‐IgG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐IgG) represented 26% of the patients negative for AQP4‐IgG. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐IgG (MOG‐IgG) sero‐positive patients were more likely to recover than the other patients (p < 0.001).ConclusionSimultaneous bilateral ON is a severe disorder closely related to serum AQP4‐IgG and MOG‐IgG, which are more likely to involve younger people and incur severe visual disability eventually. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐IgG (MOG‐IgG) sero‐positive patients have higher risk of ON relapses and better visual prognosis.
Manipulation of oral medication for children by parents and nurses occurs frequently and is often not supported by instructions
Authors: van der Vossen Anna C. , Al‐Hassany Linda , Buljac Sandra , Brugma Jan‐Dietert , Vulto Arnold G. , Hanff Lidwien M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimDue to a lack of age‐appropriate formulations, administration of drugs to children remains a challenge. This study aimed to identify the problems experienced in both the outpatient setting and the clinical setting.MethodsBetween June 2017 and January 2018, we performed a cross‐sectional, prospective study at the Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands. The study comprised of a structured interview on drug manipulations with parents visiting the outpatient clinic, and an observational study of drug manipulations by nurses at the wards.ResultsA total of 201 questionnaires were collected, accounting for 571 drugs and 169 manipulations (30%). Drug substances that were most often mentioned as manipulated were macrogol (n = 23), esomeprazole (n = 15), paracetamol (n = 8), methylphenidate (n = 7) and melatonin (n = 7). Of all manipulated medicines, 93/169 (55%) were manipulated according to the instructions or recommendations of the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) or patient information leaflet. During the observational study, manipulation was performed by 21/35 of observed nurses (60%), of whom 11 deviated from the hospital protocol for manipulation or SmPC (52%).ConclusionManipulation was a widely used method to administer drugs to children. Validated information regarding manipulation of drugs for both parents and nursing staff is needed.
Biochemically confirmed smoking cessation and gestational weight gain
Authors: Rockhill Karilynn M. , England Lucinda J. , Tong Van T. , Sharma Andrea J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal smoking cessation has substantial health benefits for mothers and offspring, but concerns about weight gain may be a barrier to quitting. We quantified gestational weight gain associated with biochemically confirmed smoking cessation.MethodsData originated from a randomized controlled cessation trial: Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy project (1987‐1991). We calculated gestational weight gain using self‐reported prepregnancy weight and measured weight at 30‐34 weeks of gestation. We used linear regression to estimate adjusted mean differences in gain for quitters versus continuing smokers by the last trimester. The effects of quitting earlier (by 2nd trimester) versus later (by 3rd trimester) were calculated. We assessed the percentages who gained weight according to Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations within 2 weeks of a full‐term delivery.ResultsAt 30‐34 weeks, nulliparous and multiparous quitters gained an average of 3.0 pounds (95% CI 0.9‐5.1 pounds) (1.4 kg [0.4‐2.3 kg]) and 6.6 pounds (95% CI 4.3‐8.9 pounds) (3.0 kg [1.9‐4.0 kg]) more, respectively, than continuing smokers. Weight gain in early quitters did not differ significantly from that in late quitters. Quitters were more likely than continuing smokers to gain above current guidelines (60.3% vs 46.3%) and were less likely to gain below guidelines (11.5% vs 21.6%) (P = 0.002).ConclusionsAlthough quitters had modest additional weight gain by 30‐34 weeks compared to continuing smokers, a high proportion in both groups gained in excess of IOM recommendations. Both quitters and continuing smokers may need support to achieve optimal gestational weight gain.
Thrombophilia screening and thromboprophylaxis may benefit specific ethnic subgroups with paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Barzilai‐Birenboim Shlomit , Arad‐Cohen Nira , Nirel Ronit , Avrahami Galia , Harlev Dan , Gilad Gil , Elhasid Ronit , Izraeli Shai , Litichever Naomi , Elitzur Sarah 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis study investigated the prevalence of inherited thrombophilia, risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and benefit of low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis in 476 Israeli children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated between 2004 and 2016. Thrombophilia was found in 15·5%. Arab children had a higher prevalence of F5 R506Q (factor V Leiden) than Jewish children (19·4% vs. 2·9%, P < 0·01). Patients with thrombophilia had higher VTE rates VTE (26·5% vs. 5·6%, P < 0·001). None of the thrombophilic children given prophylaxis had severe VTE. Routine evaluation for inherited thrombophilia followed by thromboprophylaxis when findings are positive may benefit at‐risk patients with ALL.
Strain analysis of a seismically imaged mass‐transport complex, offshore Uruguay
Authors: Steventon Michael J. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Hodgson David M. , Johnson Howard D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStrain style, magnitude and distribution within mass‐transport complexes (MTCs) are important for understanding the process evolution of submarine mass flows and for estimating their runout distances. Structural restoration and quantification of strain in gravitationally driven passive margins have been shown to approximately balance between updip extensional and downdip contractional domains; such an exercise has not yet been attempted for MTCs. We here interpret and structurally restore a shallowly buried (c. 1,500 mbsf) and well‐imaged MTC, offshore Uruguay using a high‐resolution (12.5 m vertical and 15 × 12.5 m horizontal resolution) three‐dimensional seismic‐reflection survey. This allows us to characterise and quantify vertical and lateral strain distribution within the deposit. Detailed seismic mapping and attribute analysis shows that the MTC is characterised by a complicated array of kinematic indicators, which vary spatially in style and concentration. Seismic‐attribute extractions reveal several previously undocumented fabrics preserved in the MTC, including internal shearing in the form of sub‐orthogonal shear zones, and fold‐thrust systems within the basal shear zone beneath rafted‐blocks. These features suggest multiple transport directions and phases of flow during emplacement. The MTC is characterised by a broadly tripartite strain distribution, with extensional (e.g. normal faults), translational and contractional (e.g. folds and thrusts) domains, along with a radial frontally emergent zone. We also show how strain is preferentially concentrated around intra‐MTC rafted‐blocks due to their kinematic interactions with the underlying basal shear zone. Overall, and even when volume loss within the frontally emergent zone is included, a strain difference between extension (1.6–1.9 km) and contraction (6.7–7.3 km) is calculated. We attribute this to a combination of distributed, sub‐seismic, ‘cryptic’ strain, likely related to de‐watering, grain‐scale deformation and related changes in bulk sediment volume. This work has implications for assessing MTCs strain distribution and provides a practical approach for evaluating structural interpretations within such deposits.
Peat layer accumulation and post‐burial deformation during the mid‐late Holocene in the Po coastal plain (Northern Italy)
Authors: Bruno Luigi , Campo Bruno , Di Martino Andrea , Hong Wan , Amorosi Alessandro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPeat horizons are characteristic features of delta plains worldwide. In this study, we tested the use of peat‐based correlations to assess the deformation of Holocene strata in the Po coastal plain (Northern Italy). The Holocene stratigraphy, about 30 km inland from the modern coastline consists of a peat‐bearing, estuarine and deltaic succession, up to 23 m thick. Through the analysis of 31 core data and 100 piezocone penetration tests, we identified and mapped three 10–40 cm‐thick peat layers (T1–T3) dated to 6.6–5.8, 5.5–5.0 and 3.3–2.7 cal kyr BP respectively. These peat horizons were found to be suitable stratigraphic markers within the Holocene succession over an area of about 200 km2. The mid‐late Holocene palaeogeography, reconstructed through high‐resolution peat correlation, supported by 72 radiocarbon dates, highlights a typical upper delta plain environment, with ribbon‐shaped distributary channels and swamp interdistributary areas. Peat layers are inclined towards E‐NE with gradients that increase downsection from ~0.016% (T3) to 0.021% (T1). The gradient of the oldest peat horizon is one order of magnitude larger than the slope of the modern delta plain (~0.0025%). We infer that peat horizons accumulated during periods of low sediment supply mainly controlled by autogenic processes and were deformed after deposition. Differential compaction of underlying sedimentary strata and recent tectonic activity of the buried Apenninic thrust systems are the most likely drivers of strata deformation. Based on isochore maps, we document that higher sedimentation rates in topographically depressed areas compensated, in part at least, the ongoing deformation, keeping unaltered the topographic gradient and the depositional environment. This study demonstrates that peat‐based correlation and mapping can shed lights on the mechanisms of strata accumulation and deformation in deltaic settings, constituting a robust basis for reconstructing delta evolution.
Ride‐hailing's impact on Canadian cities: Now let's consider the long game
Authors: Young Mischa 
Published: January 2019

Key Messages

It remains unclear whether the arrival of ride‐hailing is detrimental to congestion.
Despite being slightly cheaper than taxis, ride‐hailing services remain significantly more expensive than transit and provide mobility only to those who can afford them.
The regulatory framework for ride‐hailing should resemble that of the taxi industry, but should also be supplemented by concessions to encourage ride‐hailing companies to explore sustainable endeavours.
Contribution of FoxP3+ Tfr cells to overall human blood CXCR5+ T cells
Authors: Fonseca V R , Graca L 
Published: January 2019

Summary
The identification that T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is critical for the emergence of germinal centre responses prompted the study of CXCR5-expressing CD4+ T cell subsets in autoimmunity. However, circulating CXCR5-expressing T cells are heterogeneous by containing Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells in addition to bona fide Tfh cells. Such heterogeneity may hamper the analysis of the contribution of specific follicular T cell subsets for autoimmune pathogenesis. Therefore, separate assessment of Tfh and Tfr populations offer greater opportunities for stratification of autoimmune patients, such as Sjögren’s syndrome patients.
Left ventricular metabolic remodeling and accompanied dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients: A 3D speckle tracking analysis
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Tan Kaibin , Xia Hongmei , Gao Yunhua 
Published: January 2019

PurposesThe purposes of our study were to determine the risk factors related to metabolic left ventricular remodeling (LVR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to assess the LV function with different geometry in such population.MethodsSeventy‐eight T2DM patients with normal 2D‐LVEF (≥55%) were enrolled and divided into two groups with LV normal geometry (LVN) and with LV remodeling (LVR). The control group was composed of forty age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals with LVN. A multifactor logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors for LVR, and their diagnostic values were evaluated using the area under the ROC curves (AUC). Three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) was used to measure LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global area strain (GAS), and global radial strain (GRS).ResultsFasting plasma glucose (FPG), hyperlipidemia, and BMI were independently associated with LVR in T2DM patients, and the AUC values were 0.699, 0.697, and 0.732, respectively. The T2DM patients with LVN showed significantly lower GLS than the controls (P < 0.05), whereas the T2DM patients with LVR showed significantly lower GLS, GCS, GAS, and GRS than the T2DM patients with LVN (all P < 0.01). Additionally, GLS, GAS, and GRS values decreased significantly in the T2DM patients with LV hypertrophy than in those with LV concentric remodeling (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe routine echocardiography and 3DSTE could be used in combining way to detect the metabolic LV remodeling and accompanied dysfunction in T2DM patients.
Student and faculty perspectives of a faculty‐student mentoring programme in a dental school
Authors: Mascarenhas Faye , Townsend Janice , Caballero Paul , Yu Qingzhao , Fidel Jr Paul L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesIn addition to an established peer mentoring programme, the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Dentistry introduced a faculty‐student mentoring programme, the first‐year dental student (D1)‐Faculty Guide Program, in 2013. The intent of the D1‐Guide Program was to provide faculty mentorship for D1 students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the programme and identify areas for improvement.MethodsFaculty members, D2 and D3 students were surveyed regarding their experiences and perceptions of the D1‐Guide Program with a seven question and 12 question survey, respectively, via Survey Monkey® and data were analysed.ResultsThe response rate for the students and faculty was 61% and 64%, respectively. The majority of faculty (92%) felt comfortable serving as a guide to the D1 students with 79% of those surveyed having served as a guide for 3 or 4 years. The majority of students (81%) felt that the D1‐Guide Program provided mentoring that was not redundant to existing peer mentoring and valuable to their acclimation to dental school.ConclusionsDespite adding additional duties for faculty and students, the D1‐Guide Program was considered valuable during the student’s first year of dental school with encouragement to continue the programme. The programme helped establish a student‐faculty rapport beyond the boundaries of the classroom.