bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Basis for Understanding the Impacts of Ocean Warming
Authors: Brewer Peter G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA grand challenge for ocean chemists in the years ahead lies in the need to tackle the chemical consequences of ocean warming with the same rigor and intensity that has been brought to bear on the physical chemistry of ocean acidification. For over 50 years ocean chemistry has been dominated by the study of pH‐dependent processes, but to address the biogeochemical impacts of ocean warming, we will need to rapidly advance the discipline of ocean chemical physics where temperature is the master variable and the basic unit is the Joule. Just as it would be impossible to understand the ocean CO2 system without awareness of the essential pH‐dependent CO2‐HCO3‐CO3 equilibria, so too is it impossible to describe ocean chemical physics without knowledge of the bimolecular structure of water. Water, and water in sea water, is composed of a complex of dominant hydrogen bonded forms, and the singlet molecular H2O species, in temperature‐controlled equilibrium and the ratio of these forms, can now be precisely determined. The physical properties of sea water are traditionally described by fitting an ad hoc collection of coefficients to experimental data. They are more accurately described as temperature and pressure perturbations of the underlying molecular equilibrium state. Ocean oxygen consumption rates are accurately described as an Arrhenius function, and not as an exponential function of depth as has been the tradition for over 50 years. We do not now have good correlation between ocean models and observed warming and oxygen declines, and full anoxia with the emergence of hydrogen sulfide over large regions of the ocean is possible. The parallel ocean invasions of heat and fossil fuel CO2 must be combined to estimate their full impact.
Magnesium Isotopic Composition of Tests of Large Benthic Foraminifers: Implications for Biomineralization
Authors: Maeda Ayumi , Yoshimura Toshihiro , Araoka Daisuke , Suzuki Atsushi , Tamenori Yusuke , Fujita Kazuhiko , Toyofuku Takashi , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Kawahata Hodaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Mg isotopic composition in biogenic CaCO3 is expected to reflect oceanic Mg cycles, yet its practical application for paleoenvironmental reconstruction is complicated by the influences of seawater temperature and biologically mediated isotope fractionation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between water temperature, growth rate, and the Mg isotope ratio (δ26Mg) of the biogenic high‐Mg calcite that forms the tests of large benthic foraminifers. We cultured asexually reproduced large benthic foraminifers (Amphisorus kudakajimensis and Calcarina gaudichaudii) at 21–30 °C. We measured Mg/Ca ratios, chemical Mg speciation, and δ26Mg for both species. Mg/Ca ratios showed significant temperature dependence for both species, while the δ26Mg values for different populations of C. gaudichaudii exhibited increasing discrimination of heavy isotope with increasing temperature. X‐ray absorption of near‐edge structure spectra of the foraminiferal tests showed Mg speciation to be consistent with that of inorganic calcite, indicating ideal substitution of Mg for Ca in the crystal lattice. The δ26Mg values for both species were close to those of inorganic calcite and other marine organisms that precipitate high‐Mg calcite. These results suggest that precipitation of high‐Mg calcite tests for both species is similar to that of inorganic calcite and that Mg isotope fractionation for both species is only slightly influenced by individual physiological processes related to growth temperature. The ∆26Mgcarb‐sol values of multiple field samples fell within the ∆26Mgcarb‐sol range for inorganic calcite, providing preliminary evidence that the effects of intraspecific differences in δ26Mg values can be averaged out by careful choice of samples for analysis.
Increasing trend of scientists to switch between topics
Authors: Zeng An , Shen Zhesi , Zhou Jianlin , Fan Ying , Di Zengru , Wang Yougui , Stanley H. Eugene , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite persistent efforts in understanding the creativity of scientists over different career stages, little is known about the underlying dynamics of research topic switching that drives innovation. Here, we analyze the publication records of individual scientists, aiming to quantify their topic switching dynamics and its influence. We find that the co-citing network of papers of a scientist exhibits a clear community structure where each major community represents a research topic. Our analysis suggests that scientists have a narrow distribution of number of topics. However, researchers nowadays switch more frequently between topics than those in the early days. We also find that high switching probability in early career is associated with low overall productivity, yet with high overall productivity in latter career. Interestingly, the average citation per paper, however, is in all career stages negatively correlated with the switching probability. We propose a model that can explain the main observed features.
Cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking for quantifying right ventricular deformation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Hu Bi-yue , Wang Jin , Yang Zhi-gang , Ren Yan , Jiang Li , Xie Lin-jun , Liu Xi , Gao Yue , Shen Meng-ting , Xu Hua-yan , Shi Ke , Li Zhen-lin , Xia Chun-chao , Peng Wan-lin , Deng Ming-yan , Li Hong , Guo Ying-kun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo determine the feasibility of deformation analysis in the right ventricle (RV) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance myocardial feature tracking (CMR-FT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. We enrolled 104 T2DM patients, including 14 with impaired right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and 90 with preserved RVEF, and 26 healthy controls in this prospective study. CMR was used to determine RV feature-tracking parameters. RV strain parameters were compared among the controls, patients with preserved and reduced RVEF. Binary logistic regression was used to predict RV dysfunction. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. The agreement was tested by Bland–Altman analysis. Compared with controls, longitudinal and circumferential global peak strain (PS) and PS at mid-ventricular, apical slices were significantly decreased in T2DM patients with or without reduced RVEF (p < 0.05). Within the T2DM patients, the global longitudinal PS (GLPS) and the longitudinal PS at mid-ventricular segments were significantly reduced in the reduced RVEF group than in preserved RVEF groups (p < 0.05). GLPS was an independent predictor of RV dysfunction (odds ratio: 1.246, 95% CI: 1.037–1.496; p = 0.019). The GLPS demonstrated greater diagnostic accuracy (area under curve: 0.716) to predict RV dysfunction. On Bland-Altman analysis, global circumferential PS and GLPS had the best intra- and inter-observer agreement, respectively. In T2DM patients, CMR-FT could quantify RV deformation and identify subclinical RV dysfunction in those with normal RVEF. Further, RV strain parameters are potential predictors for RV dysfunction in T2DM patients.
LEI: A Novel Allele Frequency-Based Feature Selection Method for Multi-ancestry Admixed Populations
Authors: Wathen Michael J. , Gautam Yadu , Ghandikota Sudhir , Rao Marepalli B. , Mersha Tesfaye B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNext-generation sequencing technologies now make it possible to sequence and genotype hundreds of thousands of genetic markers across the human genome. Selection of informative markers for the comprehensive characterization of individual genomic makeup using a high dimensional genomics dataset has become a common practice in evolutionary biology and human genetics. Although several feature selection approaches exist to determine the ancestry proportion in two-way admixed populations including African Americans, there are limited statistical tools developed for the feature selection approaches in three-way admixed populations (including Latino populations). Herein, we present a new likelihood-based feature selection method called Lancaster Estimator of Independence (LEI) that utilizes allele frequency information to prioritize the most informative features useful to determine ancestry proportion from multiple ancestral populations in admixed individuals. The ability of LEI to leverage summary-level statistics from allele frequency data, thereby avoiding the many restrictions (and big data issues) that can accompany access to individual-level genotype data, is appealing to minimize the computation and time-consuming ancestry inference in an admixed population. We compared our allele-frequency based approach with genotype-based approach in estimating admixed proportions in three-way admixed population scenarios. Our results showed ancestry estimates using the top-ranked features from LEI were comparable with the estimates using features from genotype-based methods in three-way admixed population. We provide an easy-to-use R code to assist researchers in using the LEI tool to develop allele frequency-based informative features to conduct admixture mapping studies from mixed samples of multiple ancestry origin.
Deep Cytometry: Deep learning with Real-time Inference in Cell Sorting and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Li Yueqin , Mahjoubfar Ata , Chen Claire Lifan , Niazi Kayvan Reza , Pei Li , Jalali Bahram 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeep learning has achieved spectacular performance in image and speech recognition and synthesis. It outperforms other machine learning algorithms in problems where large amounts of data are available. In the area of measurement technology, instruments based on the photonic time stretch have established record real-time measurement throughput in spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and imaging flow cytometry. These extreme-throughput instruments generate approximately 1 Tbit/s of continuous measurement data and have led to the discovery of rare phenomena in nonlinear and complex systems as well as new types of biomedical instruments. Owing to the abundance of data they generate, time-stretch instruments are a natural fit to deep learning classification. Previously we had shown that high-throughput label-free cell classification with high accuracy can be achieved through a combination of time-stretch microscopy, image processing and feature extraction, followed by deep learning for finding cancer cells in the blood. Such a technology holds promise for early detection of primary cancer or metastasis. Here we describe a new deep learning pipeline, which entirely avoids the slow and computationally costly signal processing and feature extraction steps by a convolutional neural network that directly operates on the measured signals. The improvement in computational efficiency enables low-latency inference and makes this pipeline suitable for cell sorting via deep learning. Our neural network takes less than a few milliseconds to classify the cells, fast enough to provide a decision to a cell sorter for real-time separation of individual target cells. We demonstrate the applicability of our new method in the classification of OT-II white blood cells and SW-480 epithelial cancer cells with more than 95% accuracy in a label-free fashion.
Role of the kidneys in the redistribution of heme-derived iron during neonatal hemolysis in mice
Authors: Bednarz Aleksandra , Lipiński Paweł , Starzyński Rafał R. , Tomczyk Mateusz , Nowak Witold , Mucha Olga , Ogórek Mateusz , Pierzchała Olga , Jończy Aneta , Staroń Robert , Śmierzchalska Julia , Rajfur Zenon , Baster Zbigniew , Józkowicz Alicja , Lenartowicz Małgorzata 
Published: July 2019

AbstractModerate intravascular hemolysis is a common condition in newborns. It is followed by the accumulation of bilirubin, which is a secondary product of the activity of heme oxygenase-1, an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of heme released from disrupted erythrocytes and taken up by hepatic macrophages. Although these cells are a major site of enzymatic heme breakdown in adults, we show here that epithelial cells of proximal tubules in the kidneys perform the functions of both heme uptake and catabolism in mouse neonates. A time-course study examining mouse pups during the neonatal period showed a gradual recovery from hemolysis, and concomitant decreases in the expression of heme-related genes and non-heme iron transporters in the proximal tubules. By adjusting the expression of iron-handling proteins in response to the disappearance of hemolysis in mouse neonates, the kidneys may play a role in the detoxification of iron and contribute to its recirculation from the primary urine to the blood.
Advanced numerical investigation of the heat flux in an array of microbolometers
Authors: Stocchi Matteo , Mencarelli Davide , Pierantoni Luca , Göritz Alexander , Kaynak Canan Baristiran , Wietstruck Matthias , Kaynak Mehmet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe investigation of the thermal properties of an array of microbolometers has been carried out by mean of two independent numerical analysis, respectively the Direct-Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and the classic diffusive approach of the Fourier’s equation. In particular, the thermal dissipation of a hot membrane placed in a low-pressure cavity has been studied for different values of the temperature of the hot body and for different values of the pressure of the environment. The results for the heat flux derived from the two approaches have then been compared and discussed.
Simulating Tsunami Inundation and Soil Response in a Large Centrifuge
Authors: Exton M. , Harry S. , Kutter B. , Mason H. B. , Yeh H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTsunamis are rare, extreme events and cause significant damage to coastal infrastructure, which is often exacerbated by soil instability surrounding the structures. Simulating tsunamis in a laboratory setting is important to further understand soil instability induced by tsunami inundation processes. Laboratory simulations are difficult because the scale of such processes is very large, hence dynamic similitude cannot be achieved for small-scale models in traditional water-wave-tank facilities. The ability to control the body force in a centrifuge environment considerably reduces the mismatch in dynamic similitude. We review dynamic similitudes under a centrifuge condition for a fluid domain and a soil domain. A novel centrifuge apparatus specifically designed for exploring the physics of a tsunami-like flow on a soil bed is used to perform experiments. The present 1:40 model represents the equivalent geometric scale of a prototype soil field of 9.6 m deep, 21 m long, and 14.6 m wide. A laboratory facility capable of creating such conditions under the normal gravitational condition does not exist. With the use of a centrifuge, we are now able to simulate and measure tsunami-like loading with sufficiently high water pressure and flow velocities. The pressures and flow velocities in the model are identical to those of the prototype yielding realistic conditions of flow-soil interaction.
Neuroprotection mediated by cystatin C-loaded extracellular vesicles
Authors: Pérez-González Rocío , Sahoo Susmita , Gauthier Sebastien A. , Kim Yohan , Li Meihua , Kumar Asok , Pawlik Monika , Benussi Luisa , Ghidoni Roberta , Levy Efrat 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCystatin C (CysC) is implicated in neuroprotection and repair in the nervous system in response to diverse neurotoxic conditions. In addition to being secreted from cells in a soluble form, CysC is released by cells in association with extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes. We demonstrate that EVs containing CysC protect cultured cells from starvation-induced death. Moreover, while EVs secreted by CysC-deficient cells were not protective, EVs secreted by CysC-deficient cells treated with exogenous human CysC significantly enhanced the survival of the cells. CysC also plays a role in modulating the secretion of EVs, enhancing secretion of EVs by primary cortical neurons and primary cortical smooth muscle cells. Confirming these in vitro findings, higher EV levels were observed in the brain extracellular space of transgenic mice expressing human CysC as compared to littermate controls. Regulation of cell-secreted EV levels and content in the brain is likely to be essential to maintaining normal brain function. We propose that enhanced EV release could rescue the deleterious effects of dysfunction of the endosomal-lysosomal system in neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, a higher level of CysC-loaded EVs released from cells in the central nervous system has important protective functions, representing a potential therapeutic tool for disorders of the central nervous system.
Facile Hydrophobication of Glutathione-Protected Gold Nanoclusters and Encapsulation into Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Nanocarriers
Authors: Alkilany Alaaldin M. , Alsotari Shrouq , Alkawareek Mahmoud Y. , Abulateefeh Samer R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a simple surface functionalization of glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters by hydrophobic ion pairing with alkylamine followed by a complete phase transfer to various organic solvents with maintained colloidal stability and photoluminescence properties. The described surface hydrophobication enables efficient encapsulation of gold nanoclusters into PLGA nanocarriers allowing their visualization inside cultured cells using confocal fluorescent microscopy. The simplicity and efficiency of the described protocols should extend the biomedical applications of these metallic nanoclusters as a fluorescent platform to label hydrophobic polymeric nanocarriers beyond conventional organic dyes.
Prognostic value of serum creatine level in patients with vulvar cancer
Authors: Schwameis Richard , Postl Magdalena , Bekos Christine , Hefler Lukas , Reinthaller Alexander , Seebacher Veronika , Grimm Christoph , Polterauer Stephan , Helmy-Bader Samir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVulvar cancer is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis that generally occurs in elderly patients. The individual prognosis is difficult to assess. Serum creatinine levels are frequently elevated in elderly patients. Recent evidence have shown shown that - besides indicating kidney impairment - serum creatinine levels may be used to predict the survival in cancer patients. Several studies observed an association between elevated serum creatinine levels and poor prognosis in patients with solid tumors. In this retrospective cohort study, serum creatinine levels were evaluated in 170 patients with invasive vulvar cancer. Serum creatinine levels were correlated to established clinicopathologic factors. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis were performed. Elevated serum creatinine levels (>1.2 mg/dl) were significantly associated with both poor disease specific and overall survival. Three year overall survival rates were 74.8% and 32.5% for patients with serum creatinine levels of ≤ and >1.2 mg/dl, respectively. In a multivariate survival model, serum creatinine levels were significantly associated with overall survival independent of tumor stage and patients’ age. In conclusion, pretherapeutic serum creatinine levels may be useful as an independent prognostic parameter in patients with vulvar cancer.
Structural and functional microbial diversity along a eutrophication gradient of interconnected lakes undergoing anthropopressure
Authors: Kiersztyn Bartosz , Chróst Ryszard , Kaliński Tomasz , Siuda Waldemar , Bukowska Aleksandra , Kowalczyk Grzegorz , Grabowska Karolina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present the results of an analysis of the 16S rRNA-based taxonomical structure of bacteria together with an analysis of carbon source utilization ability using EcoPlate (Biolog, USA) metabolic fingerprinting assessment against the backdrop of physicochemical parameters in fifteen interconnected lakes. The lakes exhibit a wide spectrum of trophic gradients and undergo different intensities of anthropopressure. Sequences of V3–V4 16S rRNA genes binned by taxonomic assignment to family indicated that bacterial communities in the highly eutrophicated lakes were distinctly different from the bacterial communities in the meso-eutrophic lakes (ANOSIM r = 0.99, p = 0.0002) and were characterized by higher richness and more diverse taxonomical structure. Representatives of the Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroides phyla predominated. In most cases their relative abundance was significantly correlated with lake trophic state. We found no similar clear relationship of community-level physiological profiling with lake trophic state. However, we found some significant links between the taxonomic and metabolic structure of the microbes in the studied lakes (Mantel’s correlation r = 0.22, p = 0.006). The carbon source utilization ability of the studied microorganisms was affected not only by the taxonomic groups present in the lakes but also by various characteristics like a high PO43− concentration inhibiting the utilization of phosphorylated carbon.
Antioxidative capacity is highly associated with the storage property of tuberous roots in different sweetpotato cultivars
Authors: Tang Jun , Wang Si-Qi , Hu Kang-Di , Huang Zhong-Qin , Li Yan-Hong , Han Zhuo , Chen Xiao-Yan , Hu Lan-Ying , Yao Gai-Fang , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe activities and gene expression of antioxidative enzymes and the ROS content were analyzed in two typical storage-tolerant cultivars (Xushu 32 and Shangshu 19) and another two storage-sensitive cultivars (Yanshu 25 and Sushu 16) to explore the association between the storage capacity of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) and ROS scavenging capability. The storage roots of the storage-tolerant cultivars maintained higher activities and expression levels of antioxidative enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD); lower activity and expression of lipoxygenase (LOX); and lower accumulation of ROS metabolites compared with the storage-sensitive cultivars. The antioxidative capability and ROS parameters of leaves were positively correlated with those of storage roots. Our results provide valuable insight for evaluating the storability of sweetpotato cultivars by analyzing the capabilities of the antioxidative system and the contents of ROS metabolites.
The influence of motor preparation on the processing of action-relevant visual features
Authors: Job Xavier , Golemme Mara , Bhattacharya Joydeep , Cappelletti Marinella , de Fockert Jan , van Velzen Jose 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAction preparation can facilitate performance in tasks of visual perception, for instance by speeding up responses to action-relevant stimulus features. However, it is unknown whether this facilitation reflects an influence on early perceptual processing, or instead post-perceptual processes. In three experiments, a combination of psychophysics and electroencephalography was used to investigate whether visual features are influenced by action preparation at the perceptual level. Participants were cued to prepare oriented reach-to-grasp actions before discriminating target stimuli oriented in the same direction as the prepared grasping action (congruent) or not (incongruent). As expected, stimuli were discriminated faster if their orientation was congruent, compared to incongruent, with the prepared action. However, action-congruency had no influence on perceptual sensitivity, regardless of cue-target interval and discrimination difficulty. The reaction time effect was not accompanied by modulations of early visual-evoked potentials. Instead, beta-band (13–30 Hz) synchronization over sensorimotor brain regions was influenced by action preparation, indicative of improved response preparation. Together, the results suggest that action preparation may not modulate early visual processing of orientation, but likely influences higher order response or decision related processing. While early effects of action on spatial perception are well documented, separate mechanisms appear to govern non-spatial feature selection.