bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor suppression effect of targeting periostin with siRNA in a nude mouse model of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ye Dong , Zhou Chongchang , Wang Sijia , Deng Hongxia , Shen Zhisen 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe incidence of laryngeal carcinoma is increasing, however, the mechanism is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of periostin gene silencing by siRNA on tumor inhibition, in a novel nude mouse model of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and to explore possible inhibitory mechanisms.MethodsTumors were established in nude mice by transplantation of LSCC AMC‐HN‐8 cell line. Forty‐eight nude mice were randomly divided into groups of eight each, and treated with high (1.0 OD) or low (0.5 OD) doses of periostin‐siRNA or appropriate control solutions. Tumor growth was observed and used to calculate an inhibition rate (%). Routine pathological and electron microscopic examination were used to determine tumor apoptosis and proliferation. Changes in periostin mRNA and protein levels were analyzed.ResultsTumor growth was significantly inhibited in mice treated by high dose periostin‐siRNA compared to untreated and those treated with low dose periostin‐siRNA (P < 0.05). Pathological examination showed increased tumor necrosis and apoptotic changes in treated mice, which was confirmed by electron microscopy. Periostin mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in tumors from mice treated with high dose periostin‐siRNA, compared to controls and low‐dose periostin‐siRNA treatment groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionPeriostin silencing was associated with growth inhibition of tumor cells in a nude mouse model of LSCC. The underlying mechanism may be due to receptor‐mediated induction of relevant signal transduction pathways that modulate the microenvironment needed for cancer cell survival. Periostin is expected to become a new target for cancer therapy.
Validation of the Mental Health Continuum‐Short Form and the dual continua model of well‐being and psychopathology in an adult mental health setting
Authors: Franken Katinka , Lamers Sanne M.A. , Ten Klooster Peter M. , Bohlmeijer Ernst T. , Westerhof Gerben J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe growing evidence for the dual continua model of psychopathology and well‐being has important implications for measuring outcomes in mental health care. The aim of the current study is to validate a measure of well‐being as well as the dual continua model in adults with mood, anxiety, personality, and developmental disorders.Methods472 adult psychiatric outpatients filled out the Mental Health Continuum‐Short Form (MHC‐SF) and the Outcome Questionnaire before start of treatment.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses (CFA) confirmed the three‐factor structure of emotional, psychological, and social well‐being of the MHC‐SF. The dual continua model had the best fit in the complete sample and the different diagnostic groups.ConclusionThe MHC‐SF is a reliable and valid instrument to measure well‐being in the psychiatric population. Although relatively high correlations between psychopathology and well‐being exist, the results underline the importance to measure well‐being in addition to psychopathology in mental health care.
XANAP: A real‐world, prospective, observational study of patients treated with rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation in Asia
Authors: Kim Young‐Hoon , Shim Jaemin , Tsai Chia‐Ti , Wang Chun‐Chieh , Vilela Gilbert , Muengtaweepongsa Sombat , Kurniawan Mohammad , Maskon Oteh , Li Fern Hsu , Nguyen Thang Huy , Thanachartwet Thititat , Sim Kenneth , Camm A. John ,   the XANAP investigators
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundROCKET AF and its East Asian subanalysis demonstrated that rivaroxaban was non‐inferior to warfarin for stroke/systemic embolism (SE) prevention in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), with a favorable benefit–risk profile. XANAP investigated the safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban in routine care in Asia‐Pacific.MethodsXANAP was a prospective, real‐world, observational study in patients with NVAF newly starting rivaroxaban. Patients were followed at ~3‐month intervals for 1 year, or for ≥30 days after permanent discontinuation. Primary outcomes were major bleeding events, adverse events (AEs), serious AEs and all‐cause mortality; secondary outcomes included stroke/SE. Major outcomes were adjudicated centrally.ResultsXANAP enrolled 2273 patients from 10 countries: mean age was 70.5 years and 58.1% were male. 49.8% of patients received rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily (od), 43.8% 15 mg od and 5.9% 10 mg od. Mean treatment duration was 296 days, and 72.8% of patients had received prior anticoagulation therapy. Co‐morbidities included heart failure (20.1%), hypertension (73.6%), diabetes mellitus (26.6%), prior stroke/non‐central nervous system SE/transient ischemic attack (32.8%) and myocardial infarction (3.8%). Mean CHADS2, CHA2DS2‐VASc and HAS‐BLED scores were 2.3, 3.7 and 2.1, respectively. The rates (events/100 patient‐years [95% confidence interval]) of treatment‐emergent major bleeding, stroke and all‐cause mortality were 1.5 (1.0‐2.1), 1.7 (1.2‐2.5) and 2.0 (1.4‐2.7), respectively. Persistence was 66.2% at the study end.ConclusionsThe real‐world XANAP study demonstrated low rates of stroke and bleeding in rivaroxaban‐treated patients with NVAF from Asia‐Pacific. The results were consistent with the real‐world XANTUS study and ROCKET AF.
Role of corrosion in taper failure and head disassociation in total hip arthroplasty of a single design
Authors: Martin Audrey J. , Jenkins Derek R. , Van Citters Douglas W. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTModular junctions have been associated with corrosion in total hip arthroplasty. In a small number of cases, disassociation of the femoral head from the stem following gross wear of the taper has been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of corrosion in the development of mechanical changes leading to disassociation. Twenty‐one retrieved stems and heads of one design previously reported with head disassociation were identified in an IRB‐approved database. Components were scored for corrosion and measured for material loss. Stem alloy hardness was measured. Parametric and non‐parametric statistics were performed (α < 0.05). Seven of twenty‐one stems demonstrated gross material loss of the stem taper and head disassociation. The maximum linear depth (MLD) of material loss on stem tapers without dissociation and all head bores was 7.63 ± 6.04 and 63.76 ± 60.83 μm, respectively. Hardness of the stem material was statistically distinct, but similar to other stem materials. Results suggest material loss via corrosion at the head bore loosens the taper lock, allowing relative motion leading to abrasive wear of the stem taper. All cases of disassociation occurred at greater than 65 months with a minimum of 50 μm of loss at on the head bore. It may be warranted to survey patients with systems reporting head disassociation; for this system, including recalled heads, risk appears to begin after 6 years in vivo. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2996–3003, 2018.
Decision‐making in non‐cooperative games with conflicting self‐objectives
Authors: Eisenstadt Erella , Moshaiov Amiram 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper concerns multicriteria decision making by players in a conflict situation. The considered situation is modelled as a non‐cooperative game. Moreover, the player has a conflict not only with the opponent, but also she is faced with her own conflicting objectives. Hence, selecting a strategy is dependent on both objective preferences and the inherent uncertainty about the opponent selection. In contrast to most studies on such multiobjective games (MOGs), which employed a scalarization approach, it has recently been suggested to pose such games as MOGs with undecided objective preferences. As in Pareto optimization, the novel solution method to the considered MOGs reveals tradeoff information, which is commonly hindered when using a classical scalarization approach. To complement and highlight the significance of the aforementioned approach, two decision analysis techniques are suggested. The proposed techniques are compared with weighted‐sum utility‐based analysis, as well as with the Pareto‐optimal security strategy approach. The comparison is done using a MOG with two competing travelling salesperson. It is concluded that the suggested techniques allow incorporating tradeoff information to justify the selection of a strategy.
Functional Effects of the Buckwheat Iminosugar d‐Fagomine on Rats with Diet‐Induced Prediabetes
Authors: Ramos‐Romero Sara , Hereu Mercè , Atienza Lidia , Casas Josefina , Taltavull Núria , Romeu Marta , Amézqueta Susana , Dasilva Gabriel , Medina Isabel , Torres Josep L. 
Published: July 2018

ScopeThe goals of this work are to test if d‐fagomine, an iminosugar that reduces body weight gain, can delay the appearance of a fat‐induced prediabetic state in a rat model and to explore possible mechanisms behind its functional action.Methods and resultsWistar Kyoto rats were fed a high‐fat diet supplemented with d‐fagomine (or not, for comparison) or a standard diet (controls) for 24 weeks. The variables measured were fasting blood glucose and insulin levels; glucose tolerance; diacylglycerols as intracellular mediators of insulin resistance in adipose tissue (AT), liver, and muscle; inflammation markers (plasma IL‐6 and leptin, and liver and AT histology markers); eicosanoids from arachidonic acid as lipid mediators of inflammation; and the populations of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Enterobacteriales, and Bifidobacteriales in feces. It was found that d‐fagomine reduces fat‐induced impaired glucose tolerance, inflammation markers, and mediators (hepatic microgranulomas and lobular inflammation, plasma IL‐6, prostaglandin E2, and leukotriene B4) while attenuating the changes in the populations of Enterobacteriales and Bifidobacteriales.Conclusiond‐Fagomine delays the development of a fat‐induced prediabetic state in rats by reducing low‐grade inflammation. We suggest that the anti‐inflammatory effect of d‐fagomine may be linked to a reduction in fat‐induced overpopulation of minor gut bacteria.
Body mass index and health‐related quality of life
Authors: Apple R. , Samuels L. R. , Fonnesbeck C. , Schlundt D. , Mulvaney S. , Hargreaves M. , Crenshaw D. , Wallston K. A. , Heerman W. J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveThere are conflicting data regarding the association between body mass index (BMI) and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), especially among certain population subgroups and for mental and physical health domains.MethodsThis study analysed the relationship between BMI and HRQoL (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System mental and physical health scales) using ordinary least squares regression. Each model allowed for the possibility of a non‐linear relationship between BMI and the outcome, adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, diet and physical activity.ResultsA total of 10,133 respondents were predominantly female (71.7%), White (84.1%), median age of 52.1 years (interquartile range 37.2–63.3) and median BMI of 27.9 (interquartile range 24.0–33.2). In adjusted models, BMI was significantly associated with physical and mental HRQoL (p < 0.001). For physical HRQoL, there was a significant interaction with age (p = 0.02). For mental HRQoL, there was a significant interaction with sex (p = 0.0004) but not age (p = 0.7).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a non‐linear association of variable clinical relevance between BMI and HRQoL after adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities. The relationship between BMI and HRQoL is nuanced and impacted by gender and age. These findings challenge the idea of obesity as a main driver of reduced HRQoL, particularly among women and with respect to mental HRQoL.
Synthesis, characterization, and DFT studies of novel spiroacenaphthylene‐1,3‐oxazines
Authors: Yavari Issa , Khajeh‐Khezri Aliyeh , Aliveisi Rahman , Halvagar Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe novel spirocyclic 1,3‐oxazino and 1,2′‐pyrido systems were synthesized by [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between Huisgen 1,4‐dipoles (isoquinoline‐acetylenic esters and quinoline‐acetylenic esters) with the C═O and C═C (CN)2 double bonds of acenaphthoquinone‐malononitrile adduct. The major product was the 1,3‐oxazino derivative. The structure of a typical product was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The B3LYP/6‐31G(d) density functional theory calculations for carbon atom charge of keto‐carbonyl group and its adjacent carbon atoms show that the carbonyl group is much more electrophilic. The major and minor products possess 2 stereogenic centers; thus, 2 diastereomers are possible for each compound. The calculated energy difference between [(1R,11bS)/(1S,11bR)] and [(1R,11bR)/(1S,11bS)] diastereomers of major product is 8.8 kcal/mol, while the more stable diastereomer of minor product [(1S,11bS)/(1R,11bR)] is calculated to have 9.9 kcal/mol lower energy than [(1S,11bR)/(1R,11bS)] isomer. The diastereoselectivity, good yields, and lack of activator or metal promoters are the main advantages of this approach.
From evidence to implementation: The global challenge for psychosocial oncology
Authors: Rodin Gary 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe human dimensions of medical care were highlighted by such pioneering figures as Cicely Saunders, Elizabeth Kubler‐Ross, and Jimmie Holland and their tireless advocacy helped to build an evidence base for psychosocial and palliative interventions. In that spirit, we studied physical and psychological distress in advanced cancer and modeled pathways to distress in this population. We considered acute stress disorder as the prototype for psychological disturbances following the acute onset of life‐threatening disorders, showing that it occurred in one‐third of patients after the diagnosis of acute leukemia. To treat and prevent these symptoms, we developed Emotion and Symptom‐focused Engagement (EASE), an integrated psychotherapeutic and early palliative intervention. We showed that EASE reduced both traumatic stress and physical suffering in these patients and a large multi‐center trial is now underway. We also identified symptoms of depression and hopelessness n one quarter of patients with metastatic and advanced cancer, with worsening toward the end of life. To alleviate this distress, we developed a brief supportive‐expressive therapy, referred to as Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM). We showed in a large RCT that CALM improves depression, distress related to dying and death, and preparation for the end of life. We have now launched a global initiative involving 20 sites to date across North and South America, Europe, Australia, and Asia to have CALM implemented routinely in cancer care. Such initiatives are needed to move psychosocial care in cancer from evidence to implementation and to fulfill the dream of Jimmie Holland that cancer care be as humanistic as it is effective.
Reevaluating approaches to cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations
Authors: Schechter Michael S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCystic Fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by intermittent acute episodes of worsening signs, symptoms, and pulmonary function; these so‐called pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) appear to be important drivers of long‐term declines in lung function, quality of life, and life expectancy. Surveillance for development of PEx and their treatment is a fundamental component of chronic CF management, and the merits of novel CF therapies are often judged based on their ability to reduce the frequency of PEx. Given the central role that they play, it is surprising how poorly PEx are understood, how thin is the evidence base for their treatment and how often they are left unrecognized and untreated in clinical practice. This paper reviews what is known and what is unknown regarding the nature of PEx, and discusses the impact of missed recognition and treatment of these episodes as well as the apparent variation in practice across CF care centers. The arguments supporting a liberal, highly sensitive approach to the diagnosis of PEx are presented, as well as recommendation for how care programs can achieve consistency in their early recognition and treatment. A stepwise approach to personalized treatment supported by close follow‐up to ensure the successful resolution of all signs and symptoms will lead to the stabilization of patients’ lung function and quality of life. Recommendations are made regarding important priorities for research into evidence‐based approaches to improving the care of PEx.
Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its three main metabolites; impact of CYP2D6, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 genotype
Authors: Haage Pernilla , Kronstrand Robert , Josefsson Martin , Calistri Simona , van Schaik Ron H. N. , Green Henrik , Kugelberg Fredrik C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTramadol is a complex drug, being metabolized by polymorphic enzymes and administered as a racemate with the (+)‐ and (−)‐enantiomers of the parent compound and metabolites showing different pharmacological effects. The study aimed to simultaneously determine the enantiomer concentrations of tramadol, O‐desmethyltramadol, N‐desmethyltramadol, and N,O‐didesmethyltramadol following a single dose, and elucidate if enantioselective pharmacokinetics is associated with the time following drug intake and if interindividual differences may be genetically explained. Nineteen healthy volunteers were orally administered either 50 or 100 mg tramadol, whereupon blood samples were drawn at 17 occasions. Enantiomer concentrations in whole blood were measured by LC‐MS/MS and the CYP2D6, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 genotype were determined, using the xTAG CYP2D6 Kit, pyrosequencing and real‐time PCR, respectively. A positive correlation between the (+)/(−)‐enantiomer ratio and time following drug administration was shown for all four enantiomer pairs. The largest increase in enantiomer ratio was observed for N‐desmethyltramadol in CYP2D6 extensive and intermediate metabolizers, rising from about two to almost seven during 24 hours following drug intake. CYP2D6 poor metabolizers showed metabolic profiles markedly different from the ones of intermediate and extensive metabolizers, with large area under the concentration curves (AUCs) of the N‐desmethyltramadol enantiomers and low corresponding values of the O‐desmethyltramadol and N,O‐didesmethyltramadol enantiomers, especially of the (+)‐enantiomers. Homozygosity of CYP2B6 *5 and *6 indicated a reduced enzyme function, although further studies are required to confirm it. In conclusion, the increase in enantiomer ratios over time might possibly be used to distinguish a recent tramadol intake from a past one. It also implies that, even though (+)‐O‐desmethyltramadol is regarded the enantiomer most potent in causing adverse effects, one should not investigate the (+)/(−)‐enantiomer ratio of O‐desmethyltramadol in relation to side effects without consideration for the time that has passed since drug intake.
A DFT Study of Single‐Atom Catalysis of CO Oxidation Using Carbon‐Embedded Hexagonal Boron Nitride Monolayer
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. , Rad Farzad Arjomandi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe catalytic oxidation of CO by O2 molecule under mild conditions is one of the attractive processes in chemistry and industry. In the present study, by means of periodic density functional theory calculations, the potential of experimentally available carbon‐doped hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanosheets as a metal‐free catalyst for the CO oxidation is investigated. It is found that C‐doping induces high spin density into BN monolayer which is mainly localized over the C and its neighboring N or B atoms. Both Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) and Eley–Rideal (ER) mechanisms are considered for the CO oxidation reaction. The calculated reaction barriers reveal that the CO oxidation proceeds first via the LH mechanism CO + O2 → OCOO → CO2 + O* and then via the ER mechanism CO + O* → OCO* → CO2. Our results suggest that the CO oxidation catalyzed by the C‐doped h‐BN sheets is likely to occur at the normal condition.
Horizontal Monitoring in Austria: subjective representations by tax officials and company employees
Authors: Enachescu Janina , Zieser Maximilian , Hofmann Eva , Kirchler Erich 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe implementation of Horizontal Monitoring (HM) in Austria represents a shift in the prevailing command-and-control paradigm towards enhanced cooperation between taxpayers and tax authorities. In the present paper, we assess how HM is perceived by different stakeholder groups when it was introduced as a pilot project embedded in the “Fair Play Initiative” launched by the Austrian Ministry of Finance. We collected quantitative and qualitative data from tax auditors and staff of tax offices responsible for large-scale enterprises who were either directly involved or not involved in the HM pilot project, from employees of participating enterprises as well as from employees of enterprises which did not participate in the project. Results show that representations of HM were most positive among employees from HM companies and tax officials directly involved, whereas participants from the tax administration who did not take part in the project were skeptical at the beginning and remained skeptical over time. As shown in organizational change studies, the acceptance or resistance regarding the paradigm change represented by HM may originate from uncertainty and misperceptions of its goals and strategies and from speculations, particularly by poorly informed members.
Information overload in the information age: a review of the literature from business administration, business psychology, and related disciplines with a bibliometric approach and framework development
Authors: Roetzel Peter Gordon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the light of the information age, information overload research in new areas (e.g., social media, virtual collaboration) rises rapidly in many fields of research in business administration with a variety of methods and subjects. This review article analyzes the development of information overload literature in business administration and related interdisciplinary fields and provides a comprehensive and overarching overview using a bibliometric literature analysis combined with a snowball sampling approach. For the last decade, this article reveals research directions and bridges of literature in a wide range of fields of business administration (e.g., accounting, finance, health management, human resources, innovation management, international management, information systems, marketing, manufacturing, or organizational science). This review article identifies the major papers of various research streams to capture the pulse of the information overload-related research and suggest new questions that could be addressed in the future and identifies concrete open gaps for further research. Furthermore, this article presents a new framework for structuring information overload issues which extends our understanding of influence factors and effects of information overload in the decision-making process.