bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The History of the Science and Technology of Electrospinning from 1600 to 1995
Authors: Tucker Nick , Stanger Jonathan J. , Staiger Mark P. , Razzaq Hussam , Hofman Kathleen 
Published: November 2018

This paper outlines the story of the inventions and discoveries that directly relate to the genesis and development of electrostatic production and drawing of fibres: electrospinning. Current interest in the process is due to the ease with which nano-scale fibers can be produced in the laboratory. In 1600, the first record of the electrostatic attraction of a liquid was observed by William Gilbert. Christian Friedrich Schönbein produced highly nitrated cellulose in 1846. In 1887 Charles Vernon Boys described the process in a paper on nano-fiber manufacture. John Francis Cooley filed the first electrospinning patent in 1900. In 1914 John Zeleny published work on the behaviour of fluid droplets at the end of metal capillaries. His effort began the attempt to mathematically model the behavior of fluids under electrostatic forces. Between 1931 and 1944 Anton Formhals took out at least 22 patents on electrospinning. In 1938, N.D. Rozenblum and I.V. Petryanov-Sokolov generated electrospun fibers, which they developed into filter materials. Between 1964 and 1969 Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor produced the beginnings of a theoretical underpinning of electrospinning by mathematically modelling the shape of the (Taylor) cone formed by the fluid droplet under the effect of an electric field. In the early 1990s several research groups (notably that of Reneker who popularised the name electrospinning) demonstrated electrospun nano-fibers. Since 1995, the number of publications about electrospinning has been increasing exponentially every year.
The Influence of Constructional Parameters on Deformability of Elastic Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Gorjanc Dunja Sajn , Bizjak Matejka 
Published: November 2018

This research is focused on the influence of constructional parameters such as the type of weave and density on deformability of pure cotton and cotton/elastane fabrics. In the research, two basic weaves were used: the plain and twill weave without (pure cotton) and with 6.2 percent of elastane in the weft direction. The density of the warp yarns was before bleaching 22yarns/cm and after end treatment (bleaching) from 24 to 31 yarns/cm. The chosen densities in the weft direction were 17 and 20 yarns/cm. The fabrics were cyclically loaded with maximum load 17.66 N. The non-recoverable deformation was measured after 30 seconds of relaxation after the fourth cycle of loading, according to ASTM D 3107–75. The research results show that elastane incorporation significantly decreased the non-recoverable deformation after loading. In the case of the twill weave, the decrease of non-recoverable deformation was from around 20% – twill without elastane to around 5% – twill with elastane – fabrics 7B and 8B. The non-recoverable deformation level decrease with fabrics in plain weave was also significant (from around 24% – plain without elastane to around 12% – plain with elastane). From the results of non-recoverable deformation, it is clearly seen that the chosen type of weave, plain and twill, significantly influenced the non-recoverable deformation level. The increase of density in the weft direction from 17 yarns/cm to 20 yarns/cm for pure cotton and cotton/elastane fabrics insignificantly influenced the non-recoverable deformation level. This means that the density increase of 3 yarns/cm is too low to significantly influence the deformability of pure cotton and cotton/elastane fabrics.
Hygienic Property of Microfiber Synthetic Leather Base Modified via a “Two-Step Method”
Authors: Ren Longfang , Zhao Guohui , Wang Xuechuan , Qiang Taotao , Wang Na , Han Chao 
Published: November 2018

A “two-step method” was adopted to improve the hygienic property of polyamide microfiber synthetic leather base. Firstly, the amino-terminal hyperbranched polyamides (NH2-HBP) synthesized by N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and diethylene triamine (DETA) was cross-linked to microfiber synthetic leather base pretreated with formic acid, in which glutaraldehyde was the crosslinking agent. Secondly, Gelatin hydrolysate was cross-linked to the preliminary modified microfiber synthetic leather base by using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The modified microfiber synthetic leather base was then obtained. Hygienic performances, mechanical properties, and the micro morphology were taken as indexes to optimize the dosages of glutaraldehyde and NH2-HBP. The results show that when the glutaraldehyde dosage was 1.1 times that of the primary amino groups (the primary amino group dosage was about 0.201 mmol/g), the modification effect improved greatly. In this condition, the water vapor permeability, hygroscopicity, tensile strength, and tear strength of the base were 0.7691 g/10 cm2·24 h, 3.357 mL/g·24 h, 18.79 N/mm2, and 103.18 N/mm, respectively. These values were 86.7%, 48.8%, 19.8%, and 2.69% higher than those of unmodified base, respectively. When NH2-HBP dosage was three times that of the primary amino groups, the modification effect also improved. In this case, the water vapor permeability, hygroscopicity, tensile strength, and tear strength of the base were 0.5761 g/10 cm2·24 h, 3.274 mL/g·24 h, 18.79 N/mm2, and 103.4825 N/mm, respectively. These values were 113%, 42.3%, 3.5%, and 2.98% higher than those of the unmodified base, respectively. Meanwhile, the SEM image of the modified base showed that fiber dispersion was greatly increased in this condition.
Investigation of Moisture Transportation Properties of Knitted Fabrics Made from Viscose Vortex Spun Yarns
Authors: Kyatuheire Salome , Wei Li , Mwasiagi Josphat Igadwa 
Published: November 2018

Moisture transportation through fabrics is one of the important parameters which affect clothing comfort. The combination of different factors which include fiber, yarn and fabric structure will yield varying degrees of clothing comfort. This research work concentrated on the use of viscose fibers spun on the vortex spinning system. Six knitted fabric samples were produced and tested for moisture transportation characteristics, which included air and water moisture permeability. The results indicate that all structures had high wicking levels in the wale than in the course direction. Similarly, all fabrics had poor drying abilities, but good water vapor permeability. There was a good correlation between air permeability and water vapor permeability of the fabrics. This was attributed to the fiber in the yarn not the fabric structure.
Comparison of Bio and Eco-technologies with Chemical Methods for Pre-treatment of Flax Fibers: Impact on Fiber Properties
Authors: Camano Sabela , Behary Nemeshwaree , Vroman Philippe , Campagne Christine 
Published: November 2018

Flax fibers, available as fiber bundles, are commonly used as fiber reinforcement in composite materials as a substitute for glass fibers. Pre-treatments are often necessary for improving fiber-resin adhesion, and also to facilitate fiber elementarization, and to improve fiber ability to be implemented in mechanical processes limiting fiber damages. This paper focuses on the impact of biotechnologies (effect of 2 different enzymes: a pectate lyase and a laccase) and of an ecotechnology (ultrasound with ethanol), compared to classical chemical pre-treatments (using aqueous NaOH and ammonia) on the final flax fiber bundle properties, before and after a carding process. Fiber surface properties (wettability and/or zeta potential values), fiber elementarization and mechanical properties vary with the type of treatment (chemical nature of product and conditions used). Fibers elementarised using pectate lyase and ultrasound/ethanol have a hydrophilic surface and a high water absorption capacity, and are also of highest quality in terms of increased fineness. Treatment with NaOH yields the poorest fiber bundle tenacity. Laccase enzyme yields long thick hydrophobic fibers having very low water absorption capacity, and the most neutral surface charge. Properties of flax fibers can be easily monitored using different pre-treatments resulting in fibers which would be suited for various final applications.
Prediction of Hydrostatic Pressure and Blood Penetration of Medical Protective Clothing
Authors: Yan Yurong , Tsai Peter P. 
Published: November 2018

Disposable materials enjoy annually steady growth in volume in the field of medical applications as surgical gowns, isolation gowns, and medical drapes which impede cross contamination from reusable protective apparel in a hospital. There are four levels of liquid barrier performance according to the American National Standard/Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (ANSI/AAMI) PB70:2012 in terms of liquid impact penetration, hydrostatic pressure or hydrohead, and blood penetration. Different areas in a surgical gown require different levels of liquid barrier performance. Laminates of spunbond (SB), meltblown (MB), and spunbond (SB), called SMS fabric, and laminates of a porous membrane with a nonwoven fabric, usually with the SB layer for strength and ease of handling, are widely used as medical protective clothing. SMS materials are usually made to achieve up to Level 3, which requires a hydrostatic pressure of greater than 50 cm tested according to ANSI/AAMI PB70:2012. Above that level, Level 4 requires the liquid barrier to resist penetration by blood, in which case a laminate with a porous membrane is necessary. In this paper, the pore size, calculated from the fluid flow through a fibrous media, was used to estimate the hydrostatic pressure. The hydrostatic pressure was then used to correlate with the resistance of the media to blood penetration. The agreement of experimental and calculated data indicated that these theories were successful not only in predicting the pore size and the hydrostatic pressure of a fibrous material but also in correlating the hydrostatic pressure and blood penetration. The fiber fineness required to resist the penetration of blood was also calculated.
Comparison of Trends in Latex Emulsions for Nonwovens and Textiles: China and the United States
Authors: Wiaczek Pamela 
Published: November 2018

The U.S. and Chinese markets for synthetic latex polymers in the nonwoven and textile markets reached 337,000 dry tons (or 744 million dry pounds) in 1996. Overall, the demand for latex polymers in these two market segments will grow to 377,000 dry tons (or 831 million dry pounds) in 2001. Latex usage in nonwovens in these two regions will reach an estimated 202,000 dry tons (or 445 million dry pounds) in 2001, representing average annual growth of 2.2% a year. Likewise, demand in the textile market will grow to 175,000 dry tons (or 386 million dry pounds) in 2001. It is critical to understand that the demand for latex polymer in both markets in the United States will follow that of a more mature market, growing at approximately 2% a year. Demand in China, however, will grow by an estimated 6% a year, but from a very small base. Future demand for latex polymers in the nonwovens market will be driven by such factors as: • Consumer discretionary income and preference • The continued development of specialty niche applications • Capacity changes in nonwoven products
Acute ischemic stroke secondary to cardiac embolus of a ‘foreign body’ material after a redo sternotomy for mitral valve replacement: A case report
Authors: Fitzgerald Seán , Rizvi Asim , Dai Daying , Williamson Eric E , Lanzino Giuseppe , Doyle Karen M , Kallmes David F , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: November 2018

Summary Cardiac surgery has been shown to be associated with increased risk of acute ischemic stroke. This report presents a case of a successful mechanical embolectomy procedure to treat a patient for an acute ischemic stroke, which was caused by the cardiac embolization of a ‘foreign body’ containing debris following a redo sternotomy procedure for mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve annuloplasty.
Treatment of benign and borderline bone tumors with combined curettage and bone defect reconstruction
Authors: Horstmann Peter F , Hettwer Werner H , Petersen Michael M 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: The management of bone defects following simple curettage of bone tumors is controversial and in light of the numerous emerging substitutes for bone grafts, we wished to review and report our experience with the use of cancellous allograft bone in the treatment of benign and borderline bone tumors. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 164 consecutive patients with benign or borderline bone tumors treated with simple curettage at our orthopedic oncology center between 2009 and 2013. Postoperative radiological changes were evaluated by a modified Neer’s classification in defects that were subsequently reconstructed with allograft bone ( n = 133). Results: Simple curettage with subsequent defect filling using allograft bone was the surgical procedure performed in the majority of our patients (81%) and was associated with a low overall 2.5-year local recurrence (LR; 9.8%) and complication rate (7.5%). The radiological appearance of the grafted defects was deemed satisfactory in 85% of cases, with signs of either complete or partial healing present 6–12 months postoperatively. With respect to pathology, we found high rates of LR in giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone, simple cysts (SCs) in children, and preexisting local recurrent disease. We did not observe any allograft-related complications. Conclusions: Simple curettage and bone defect reconstruction with bone allograft is a sufficient treatment for most benign bone lesions and is associated with a low complication rate. For high-risk entities, such as GCTs of bone, SCs in children, and recurrent disease, additional adjuvant treatment could be considered to avoid LR.
Efficacy of Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Knee for Adults 40 Years and Older
Authors: Anderson Devon E. , Robinson Katlyn S. , Wiedrick Jack , Crawford Dennis C. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation has become a standard therapy for cartilage restoration in young patients. Purpose: To determine the efficacy of fresh OCA transplantation for focal cartilage lesions in patients aged ≥40 years compared with a group of patients aged ≤39 years. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A database was used to identify patients who underwent fresh OCA transplantation in the knee in a single-surgeon practice over a 10-year period and who completed baseline patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires, including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC); Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales of Pain, Symptoms, Activities of Daily Living, Quality of Life (QOL), and Sports & Recreation; and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12). Patients who completed the same PRO measures at a minimum 12-month follow-up were categorized into 2 groups based on age at surgery and were observed longitudinally. Mixed-model regression was used to predict longitudinal growth curves for each PRO score while controlling for confounding patient and surgical variables. Results: The study group consisted of 38 patients with a mean age of 52.32 years (range, 40-69 years) and mean final follow-up of 44.47 ± 24.32 months. The control group consisted of 42 patients with a mean age of 27.19 years (range, 15-39 years) and mean final follow-up of 33.75 ± 19.53 months. A statistically significant improvement from baseline to final follow-up was seen for the IKDC score and all 5 KOOS subscores in both the study and the control groups ( P < .01 in 10 of 12 comparisons and P < .05 for the other 2 comparisons). Maximum improvements were seen in the KOOS QOL and Sports & Recreation subscores for both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the change from baseline to final follow-up or in differences at any time point in model-based longitudinal projections for any PRO score through 5 years. Conclusion: There was a significant improvement of outcomes for both groups, with no statistically significant difference between groups over longitudinal follow-up. The efficacy of fresh OCA transplantation in adults aged ≥40 years with a focal chondral lesion and without osteoarthritis is similar to that of younger adults, and benefits are greatest for the KOOS QOL and Sports & Recreation subscales, which reflect functional outcomes.
The Impact of Depression on Patient Outcomes in Hip Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: Martin RobRoy L. , Christoforetti John J. , McGovern Ryan , Kivlan Benjamin R. , Wolff Andrew B. , Nho Shane J. , Salvo John P. , Ellis Thomas J. , Van Thiel Geoff , Matsuda Dean , Carreira Dominic S. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Mental health impairments have been shown to negatively affect preoperative self-reported function in patients with various musculoskeletal disorders, including those with femoroacetabular impingement. Hypothesis: Those with symptoms of depression will have lower self-reported function, more pain, and less satisfaction on initial assessment and at 2-year follow-up than those without symptoms of depression. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who were enrolled in a multicenter hip arthroscopic surgery registry and had 2-year outcome data available were included in the study. Patients completed the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) when consenting for surgery. At 2-year follow-up, patients were emailed the iHOT, the VAS, and a rating scale of surgical satisfaction. Initial SF-12 mental component summary (MCS) scores <46.5 and ≤36 were used to qualify symptoms of depression and severe depression, respectively, as previously described and validated. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to compare preoperative and 2-year postoperative iHOT-12, VAS, and satisfaction scores between those with and without symptoms of depression. Results: A total of 781 patients achieved the approximate 2-year milestone (mean follow-up, 735 ± 68 days), with 651 (83%) having 2-year outcome data available. There were 434 (67%) female and 217 (33%) male patients, with a mean age of 35.8 ± 13.0 years and a mean body mass index of 25.4 ± 8.8 kg/m2. The most common procedures were femoroplasty (83%), followed by synovectomy (80%), labral repair (76%), acetabuloplasty (58%), acetabular chondroplasty (56%), femoral chondroplasty (23%), and labral reconstruction (19%). The mean initial SF-12 MCS score was 51.5 ± 10.3, with cutoff scores indicating symptoms of depression and severe depression in 181 (28%) and 71 (11%) patients, respectively. Patients with symptoms of depression scored significantly ( P < .05) lower on the initial iHOT-12 and VAS and 2-year follow-up iHOT-12, VAS, and rating scale of surgical satisfaction. Conclusion: A large number of patients who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery presented with symptoms of depression, which negatively affected self-reported function, pain levels, and satisfaction on initial assessment and at 2-year follow-up. Surgeons who perform hip arthroscopic surgery may need to identify the symptoms of depression and be aware of the impact that depression can have on surgical outcomes.
Functional Gains in Children With Spastic Hemiplegia Following a Tendon Achilles Lengthening Using Computerized Adaptive Testing—A Pilot Study
Authors: Saleh Eli , Dahan-Oliel Noémi , Montpetit Kathleen , Benaroch Thierry , Yap Rita , Barakat Nadia , Mulcahey M. J. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: This pilot study evaluated the outcomes of tendon Achilles lengthening in 12 children (mean age: 11.2 years) with spastic hemiplegia. Methods: Cerebral Palsy Computer Adaptive Tests, the timed up-and-go, the Gross Motor Function Measure, the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire, and the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument were administered at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months postsurgery. Results: Significant improvement at the latest follow-up (12-24 months following surgery) was seen in all domains of the Cerebral Palsy Computer Adaptive Test: activity ( P = .017), lower extremity ( P = .005), global ( P = .005), pain ( P = .005), and fatigue ( P = .028), as well as in the Gross Motor Function Measure-standing domain ( P = .02) and the mobility domain of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument ( P = .04). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the tendon Achilles lengthening improved functional outcome in these children as measured by tests of physical function, walking speed, and activity performance.
Evaluation and management of heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents: the role of the hematologist
Authors: O’Brien Sarah H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHeavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is frequently reported by adolescents. The role of the hematologist is threefold in evaluating such patients: (1) perform a clinical and laboratory evaluation for an underlying bleeding disorder on the basis of the degree of clinical suspicion, (2) identify and manage any concomitant iron deficiency, and (3) provide input to the referring provider regarding the management of HMB, particularly for patients with identified hemostatic defects. Several clues in the menstrual history should raise suspicion for an underlying bleeding disorder, such as menses lasting &gt;7 days, menstrual flow which soaks &gt;5 sanitary products per day or requires product change during the night, passage of large blood clots, or failure to respond to conventional therapies. A detailed personal and family history of other bleeding symptoms should also be obtained. Iron deficiency with and without anemia is commonly found in young women with HMB. Therefore, it is important to obtain measures of hemoglobin and ferritin levels when evaluating these patients. Iron supplementation is often a key component of management in the adolescent with heavy menses and is still needed in those who have received packed red cell transfusions as a result of severe anemia. Strategies for decreasing menstrual blood flow are similar for adults and adolescents with heavy menses, with combined hormonal contraceptives recommended as first-line therapy. However, there are adolescent-specific considerations for many of these agents, and they must be incorporated into shared decision-making when selecting the most appropriate treatment.