bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classifications of Postradiation Nasopharyngeal Necrosis for Guiding Transnasal Endoscopic Nasopharyngeal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Zhang Benjian , Cheng Shenghao , Yuan Xiaotian , Zhang Caixia , Wang Yaxuan , Xie Zhihai , Zhang Junyi , Fan Ruohao , Wang Fengjun , Gao Kelei , Xie Shumin , Xie Shaobing , Tang Qingping , Feng Xueping , Zhang Hua , Jiang Weihong 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivePostradiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN) is a severe postradiation complication of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PRNN not only severely impacts the quality of life but also endangers the lives of patients. Definite grades of PRNN and their corresponding standard surgical procedures are lacking. we aimed to establish the classifications of PRNN for transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery (TESS).MethodsWe enrolled 82 postirradiation NPC patients with PRNN, 75 of whom received TESS. PRNN was categorized into four grades: I, necrosis of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and submucosal muscularis; II, necrosis extending to the pharyngobasilar fascia; III, necrotic area breaking through the pharyngobasilar fascia and involving the internal carotid artery (ICA); IV, necrosis encompassing the ICA or invading the posterior cranial nerves. Overall survival (OS) analysis based on the PRNN grades was assessed. Headache was assessed using a numeric rating scale.ResultsThe classifications of PRNN were as follows: Grade I, 18.3% (n = 15); Grade II, 30.5% (n = 25); Grade III, 24.4% (n = 20); Grade IV, 26.8% (n = 22). After surgery, headache was alleviated in most PRNN patients to varying degrees. By the last follow‐up visit, 24 patients had died, including 6 of 7 in the unoperated group and 18 out of 75 in the operated group.ConclusionThe classifications of PRNN grade provide an effective guideline for the TESS treatment of PRNN.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2024
A Predictive Model for Oral Intake Independence in Dysphagia Treatment
Authors: Suda Satoshi , Kono Takeyuki , Okubo Keisuke , Inagi Kanae , Okada Takashi , Ozawa Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveOne concern for patients suffering from dysphagia is whether their swallowing improves enough to allow oral intake. Predicting oral intake independence would be practical for deciding the treatment strategy, such as swallowing improvement surgeries, at an early stage. This study describes the prognostic factors and predictive method for achieving oral intake independence at discharge from acute care hospitals.MethodsA total of 128 patients managed by the dysphagia treatment team were retrospectively examined. They were divided into two groups: the independent oral intake group and the restricted oral intake group. The patients' age, sex, causes of dysphagia, calf circumference (CC), body mass index (BMI), Hyodo score obtained through flexible endoscopic evaluation, Food Intake Level Scale (FILS) score, and Dysphasia Severity Scale (DSS) score at the initial consultation were determined.ResultsThe independent group had 32 patients, whereas the restricted group had 96 patients. The independent group had higher CC, BMI, and number of dysphagia cases caused by stroke. This group also had lower Hyodo scores and higher DSS scores. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the Hyodo score and CC were independent prognostic factors for oral intake independence. Moreover, the prediction model developed using both factors showed relatively high accuracy (sensitivity: 42.9%, specificity: 94.0%, predictive accuracy: 81.3%).ConclusionA lower Hyodo score and higher CC at the initial consultation may be positive prognostic factors for achieving oral intake independence. The predictive model exhibited high accuracy, indicating it may help in determining alternative treatment strategies for serious dysphagia patients.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Switchable Narrowband Diffuse Thermal Emission With an In3SbTe2‐Based Planar Structure
Authors: Giteau Maxime , Conrads Lukas , Mathwieser Andreas , Schmitt Robert , Wuttig Matthias , Taubner Thomas , Papadakis Georgia T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTailoring of thermal radiation is critical for applications like daytime radiative cooling, thermophotovoltaic energy conversion, and gas sensing. Phase‐change materials (PCMs) offer an additional degree of freedom, enabling reconfigurable thermal emission by actively triggering phase transitions. In particular, In3SbTe2 (IST) features a unique non‐volatile phase transition in the infrared between an amorphous dielectric state and a crystalline metallic state. Although efficient and easily manufacturable alternatives to conventional infrared light sources will be highly desirable, achieving narrowband and diffuse emission using a simple, lithography‐free structure incorporating PCMs for dynamic functionalities has remained elusive. Here, a planar reconfigurable narrowband thermal emitter using an IST layer on top of a Salisbury screen is demonstrated. The design achieves high emissivity around the ambient thermal wavelength in the amorphous phase and low emissivity in the crystalline phase, featuring angle‐ and polarization‐independent behavior. Multiple patterns are optically written into the IST layer, demonstrating centimeter‐scale programmability as well as a resolution of 20 µm. This work paves the way toward reconfigurable and easily manufacturable devices, showing potential for applications in labeling and anticounterfeiting.
Ultrahigh‐Power Germanium Photodetector Enabling Amplifier‐Free Wireless Communication
Authors: Li Zuhang , Shi Yang , Zou Mingjie , Yu Yu , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotodetector (PD), an indispensable component in radio‐over‐fiber (RoF) systems, functions as an interface between the optical fiber backbone and the wireless radio branches. The power‐handling capability is paramount to determine both coverage and linearity of the RoF link, and it is predominantly constrained by the space‐charge effect that limits output photocurrent. Consequently, electronic power amplifiers are required to ensure reliable wireless coverage for end‐users, albeit at the expense of degraded signal linearity, increased energy consumption, and bulky system. On the other hand, the increasing demand in co‐integration with silicon microelectronics indicates that CMOS‐compatible germanium‐silicon (Ge─Si) PDs hold significant promise. Herein, an ultrahigh‐power Ge─Si PD is designed and implemented with an unprecedented high saturation photocurrent of 471.4 mA and a responsivity of 1.12 A W−1. The remarkable high‐power performance is achieved through enhancing optical power absorption and promoting photo‐generated carrier transit comprehensively. For a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, amplifier‐free wireless communication is achieved and driven by the proposed PD, enabling a range‐capacity product of 20 m·Gb s−1, a third‐order output intermodulation power of 32.3 dBm at 5 GHz, along with a real‐time video stream transmission. This work exhibits a promising solution for on‐chip ultrahigh‐power photodetection, and represents a significant advancement toward high‐quality fiber‐wireless access network.
A Detailed Review of Numerical Modeling of Flow Accelerated Corrosion: Challenges and Opportunities for the Future
Authors: Meri Yazan , Siddiqui Osman , Toor Ihsan ulhaq , Shams Afaque 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFlow‐accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a complex phenomenon that poses a significant threat to the integrity of piping and fittings in power plants, affecting infrastructure protection and power production reliability. The presence of corrosive substances in the fluid and elevated flow velocity and temperature leads to increased material loss in piping and equipment. Understanding the intricate relationship among the contributing factors such as flow dynamics, environmental factors, and corrosion reactions is essential for developing effective prediction and mitigation strategies. This review discusses the recent advancements in the numerical modeling of FAC using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The numerical models presented show abilities to predict FAC profiles across multiple power plant components, and a review was conducted on the evaluation of these predictions with experimental measurements. Notably, increased turbulence in the flow significantly contributed to prediction errors, emphasizing the need for advanced turbulence models in numerical simulations of FAC. Addressing these challenges is crucial for maintaining sustainable infrastructure and reducing industrial risks through enhanced predictive maintenance strategies.
Phenolics‐Rich Extract from Agarwood Leaf‐Tea Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis Via Modulating Intestinal Barrier Function, Liver Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Fan Ruyan , Wei Wensong , Wei Youjing , Lin Xue , Zhou Shaobo , Wang Lu 
Published: November 2024

ScopeAt present, the incidence rate of ulcerative colitis (UC) continues to increase, causing a global burden. In addition, therapeutic drugs have great side effects. According to modern pharmacology, agarwood leaves have anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, hypoglycemic, and lipid‐lowering effects. Therefore, this experiment on DSS induced colitis treatment of polyphenolic substances in agarwood leaves is feasible and in line with the current hot topic of using natural substances instead of drugs for treatment.Methods and resultsALP supplementation promotes the expression of tight junction proteins occludin and Zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO‐1) on colonic tissues, repairs the intestinal barrier, and relieves further colonic tissue damage. Besides, ALP effectively inhibits the activation of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐кB) signaling pathway and reduces the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, ALP reverses the alteration of gut microbiota in the colitic mice by increasing the abundances of Parabacteroides, Chlamydia, and Lachnospiraceae, and decreasing the abundances of Bacteroides and Phocaeicola. Furthermore, the correlation analysis suggested that ALP can attenuate DSS‐induced UC, which is probably related to the alterations in the gut microbiota.ConclusionALP can ameliorate DSS‐induced UC by modulating gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function, and inflammatory responses.
Tea Polyphenols Reduced Obesity by Modulating Gut Microbiota‐SCFAs‐Barrier and Inflammation in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Mice
Authors: Tian Baoming , Huang Pinjiao , Pan Yizhu , Gu Hong , Yang Kai , Wei Zhengxun , Zhang Xiangchun 
Published: November 2024

ScopeObesity by high‐fat diets (HFDs) is a chronic metabolic disorder that poses a significant threat to human health. Tea polyphenols (TPs) can prevent obesity caused by HFD by modulating gut microbiota.Methods and resultsTo explore the function of TP in mitigating the effects of obesity and inflammation, mice are fed HFDs either with or without TP. TP supplementation effectively attenuates HFD‐induced weight gain, liver and adipose tissue accumulation, while also improving liver fat content as well as colon and ileum tissue morphology. TP supplementation leads to a downregulation of lipid accumulation genes and an upregulation of lipid‐decomposition genes. Moreover, TP increases Blautia and Faecalibaculum while reducing the Colidextribacter and short‐chain fatty acids in HFD‐induced mice, significantly activates G protein‐coupled receptors, inhibits histone deacetylases, enhances intestinal tight junction expression levels, reduces intestinal permeability, and thereby preserves intestinal barrier integrity. Additionally, TP markedly suppresses the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the activation of TLR4 signaling pathways.ConclusionThese findings suggest that TP holds great promise for improving both obesity management and alleviating intestinal inflammation, and provides a clue for understanding the antiobesity effects of TP.
On Constrained Minimum Weight Edge Covers With Applications to Emergency Planning
Authors: Dimant Shai , Krumke Sven O. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper we present a new covering problem, called Min Cost ‐Single Location Cover, where we are given a fixed positive integer , a finite ground set , an integral positive demand for each element , a collection of subsets of , an integral positive cost and an integral positive capacity value for each subset . The task is to choose sets from , with multiple choices being allowed, such that each element is covered at least times. However, if a given subset is chosen to cover an element, it must already cover the entire demand of the element. Moreover, each subset may only cover up to of its elements, where again multiple choices are allowed. Our problem is motivated by a healthcare application for placing emergency doctors into facilities such that all emergencies occurring in a shift can be handled in a satisfactory manner. We show that Min Cost ‐Single Location Cover can be solved in polynomial time for , but is strongly NP‐complete for . To handle the case where equals two, we introduce a new constrained ‐edge cover problem in an edge‐colored graph, called Minimum Weight ‐Edge Cover with Colors. We analyze the complexity of this problem for general graphs as well as for the special instances resulting from an instance of ‐Single Location Cover.
Dynamic topology optimization considering the influence of the non‐uniform temperature field
Authors: Zhang Li‐hao , Li Jinze , Zhao Rui , Yu Kaiping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the wide application of thermoelastic structures in industries such as the aerospace field, the problem of topology optimization of thermoelastic structures has become a very common and important research topic. It is well known that the thermal environment has a non‐negligible influence on the dynamic performance of structures. However, few people consider the influence of the thermal environment on structural stiffness in thermoelastic dynamic topology optimization. In practical engineering applications, the influence of the environment on the structure performance should be considered to obtain the optimal structure. In this paper, we focus on the problem of dynamic topology optimization considering the effect of non‐uniform temperature fields on structural stiffness. The influence of non‐uniform temperature fields adds on structural stiffness to the topology optimization of thermoelastic dynamic for the first time, thereby comprehensively addressing its effects on structural stiffness in the context of dynamic topology optimization under harmonic vibration and transient load. The proposed method begins by computing the distribution of the non‐uniform temperature field within the structure. Subsequently, thermal stresses in the structure are determined through the application of thermoelastic theory. The geometric stiffness matrix of the structure is then calculated using finite element theory. The dynamic topology optimization model, employing a variable density approach, is established in conjunction with the dynamic compliance design objective. Sensitivity analysis is conducted through the adjoint method, and the design variables are updated utilizing the method of moving asymptotes. Numerical examples are presented to validate the efficacy of the proposed method and obtain the influence of different factors on the optimization results. The results show that the dynamic compliance of the optimized structure increases with increasing heat flux. For the optimization under harmonic vibration, the optimization results obtained by different external excitation frequencies are significantly different. For transient optimization, the study discovers that the optimization present transient effect.
Three‐dimensional printing of boron nitride platelets/polylactic acid composites: Achieving enhanced through plane thermal conductivity and decent mechanical properties
Authors: Li Shuo , Fang Bowen , Wang Yan , Zou Fangxin , Zhao Jian , Zhang Hong , Guo Jing , Wang Zhiguo , Xu Jiazhuang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThermally conductive polymer composites (TPMCs) hold immense potential, particularly in modern microelectronics thermal management. However, their practical enhancement in thermal performance, in particular the thermal conductivity (TC) in the through plane (κ⊥), often lags behind theoretical predictions attributable to thermal resistance at the interface and the pivotal dependence of anisotropic filler orientation on thermal conductivity. To harness the full capabilities of TPMCs and overcome thermal management challenges, we developed an innovative strategy focused on achieving optimal filler orientation. Employing 3D printing (FDM) technology, we constructed highly vertically oriented hexagonal boron nitride/Polylactic acid composites by layer‐by‐layer deposition, thereby maximizing the inherent high κ⊥ of hBN. This innovative composite with highly vertically oriented hBN exhibits significantly enhanced κ⊥ up to 3.04 Wm−1 K−1, which is 1348% and 420% enhanced compared to the polylactic acid (PLA) and paralleled counterparts. Scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction show orientation of hBN in PLA matrix, due to the shearing and squeezing effects of FDM when melting and depositing. Additionally, the tensile strength exhibited by polymer composites is commendable, with all values exceeding 22 MPa. Along with extraordinary thermal management performances and mechanical strength, and the customizability using FDM technology, paves the way for TPMCs to revolutionize thermal management applications.Highlights
Constructed the vertically oriented hexagonal boron nitride within the matrix.
Dramatically boosted through‐plane TC in the composite.
FDM enables the customization of diverse and intricate shapes.
Implemented a simple strategy for optimizing composite properties.
Achieving balance between thermal conductivity and mechanical properties.
Improving the anti‐impact performance of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fabric intercalated with carbon nanotubes and shear thickening fluid
Authors: Lu Chunrui , Ji Weichang , Lu Xue , Xu Chuang , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Xiaodong , Ba Shuhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUltra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is commonly used with many layers to realize protection and this can greatly benefit from advancements in fabric mechanical properties. This research introduces an innovative approach to crafting a composite felt, leveraging UHMWPE fabric, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), shear thickening fluid (STF), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder through a spray technique. The method results in a fabric with exceptional tensile strength and anti‐impact characteristics. Observations during the fabrication process reveal profound surface morphology alterations, showcasing an intricate layering of PVA binder, CNTs, and STF that seamlessly encapsulates each component of the STF/CNTs/UHMWPE system. The tensile strength and anti‐impact properties including punch residual velocity and energy absorbed are 564.0 ± 12.4 MPa, 1.537 ± 0.032 m/s and 22.952 ± 1.158 J in 12 ms, increased by 143.3%, 24.3% and 193.3%, respectively, compared to neat UHMWPE. This substantial performance uplift is attributed to multiple factors: the reinforcing friction between fibers/yarns fostered by the PVA binder and the full or partial embedding of CNTs, the additional reinforcing strength imparted by the CNTs matrix, and the dynamic viscosity enhancement of STF under impact forces.Highlights
Anti‐impact felt was prepared by spraying PVA, CNTs, and STF onto UHMWPE.
The tensile strength of anti‐impact felt was improved by 143.3%.
The energy absorbed and impact depth was raised by 193.3%.
The enhanced friction between fibers is caused by PVA and CNTs.
The strength of CNTs and increased viscosity of STF under impact are notable.
Evaluation and enhancement of radial tensile strength of composite rotors for energy storage
Authors: Erulan Gopi , Swaminathan Gowthaman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study focused on the measurement and improvement of the radial tensile strength of composite rotors for flywheel energy storage. Filament wound carbon/epoxy composite rotors were fabricated and the radial tensile strength was measured using uniaxial tensile testing of coupons extracted from a thick rotor and diametric tensile testing of C‐rings. Compared to the uniaxial tensile test, the C‐ring test resulted in a reasonably accurate measurement of the radial tensile strength due to the absence of the effect of the curved fibers. Numerical analyses of C‐ring tests were also performed. The results matched well with the experiments and confirmed the failure of C‐rings purely because of the radial stress. The incorporation of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in the composite rotor resulted in cohesive failure of fiber and matrix and increased the radial tensile strength by a maximum of 50%. The findings provided unique insights for accurate measurement and improvement of the radial tensile strength of composite rotors.Highlights
Composite rotors were filament wound and radial tensile strength was measured.
Radial tensile strength of C‐ring was accurate than that of tensile coupon.
FEA of the C‐ring test validated the experimental radial tensile strength.
Incorporation of MWCNT increased the radial tensile strength by 50%.
Fractography showed cohesive failure indicating strong reinforcement by MWCNT.
Rooting students in their botanical history: A method to engage students in botany and herbaria
Authors: Krosnick Shawn , Moore Kelly 
Published: November 2024

Societal Impact StatementPlants are essential for all life on earth, supporting ecosystems and providing vital resources such as food, medicine, and materials. However, botanical education has been neglected in K‐12 curricula, leading to limited plant awareness. Our project introduced 10 educational modules that connected high school students to their botanical heritage through herbarium curation. Students were engaged because of the emphasis on a personal connection to plants, fostering a deeper interest in botany and citizen science. This approach suggests that curricula emphasizing personal connections can enhance student engagement and should be prioritized to strengthen environmental and botanical education.Summary
A lack of plant awareness in human society has led to a view of plants as less important than animals. Since plants make up the bulk of biomass on earth and provide food, medicine, and shelter, increasing plant awareness is essential to our society's survival.
In this study, we examine the effectiveness of 10 educational modules designed for use with high school students to engage them in botany and the importance of herbaria. Students explore botanical concepts by starting with their own family history. What plants were important to their ancestors? They choose a plant species and go through the process of identifying, collecting, pressing, mounting, and digitizing their herbarium specimen.
The study comprised pre‐ and post‐assessments, student descriptions regarding plant significance, and teacher interviews with module reflections. Significant improvements were noted in students' ability to perceive plants and identify plant groups post‐intervention. Students exhibited nuanced shifts in attitudes toward science topics, with varying degrees of change observed. Common themes emerged in student descriptions, reflecting diverse perceptions of plants within familial contexts. Teacher interviews highlighted interest in plants, curriculum gaps, and increased student engagement through module activities.
Overall, the collaborative approach presented a promising way to increase plant awareness, emphasizing the importance of integrating botanical education into standardized curricula to inspire future generations of plant scientists and promote the value of herbaria in addressing global challenges. Continued efforts in this direction are crucial for fostering plant appreciation and preparing students for environmental stewardship.