bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory description for refined linseed oils for paints: Characterization for reconstructing material and craft knowledge in paintmaking
Authors: Källbom Arja , Nilsen Asgeir , Örström Åsa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to formulate an olfactory description for refined linseed oils, for paintmaking purposes, in order to redevelop and articulate material and craft knowledge relevant to cultural heritage. By using the repertory grid method, common in food and beverage sensory consumer analysis, different types of refined linseed oils available on professional market are examined regarding odor qualities by traditional Swedish architectural painting professionals (32 working or studying painters and paintmakers). With semantic analysis, statistical processing, and principal component analysis, an olfactory description is defined. The analysis reveal that the odor qualities of the linseed oils can be correlated to the types of linseed oils and hence their heating temperatures. Raw, heated, high‐temperature boiled, and vacuum‐boiled linseed oils can be verbally distinguished by typical odor qualities ranging from for instance mild and grassy to pungent and decaying. The olfactory description will be used in further work for sensory examinations, combined with natural sciences and craft sciences to verbalize experiences of linseed oil with different film‐forming characteristics in order to regain lost knowledge concerning linseed oil (anticorrosive) paints for maintenance and conservation of historic buildings and constructions.Practical applicationsAn olfactory description enables traditional architectural painting professionals to judge and discuss linseed oil qualities in traditional architectural painting and paintmaking, for redeveloping tangible and intangible craft skills. Sensory analysis methods access new tools for cultural heritage studies and enables craft persons to train their attention to odors as rapid quality indicators for different types of oils for various outdoor building or iron/steel construction painting purposes.
Fungi in respiratory samples of horses with inflammatory airway disease
Authors: Dauvillier Julie , ter Woort Fe , van Erck‐Westergren Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundFungi contribute to the inflammatory response of lungs in horses with recurrent airway obstruction and in some forms of asthma in humans. The role of fungi in inflammatory airway disease (IAD) has not been assessed.ObjectivesEvaluate the prevalence of fungi in the respiratory samples of horses diagnosed with IAD, describe clinical signs associated with the presence of fungi in respiratory samples, and assess the risk factors associated with IAD and with the presence of fungi in the airways.AnimalsSeven‐hundred thirty‐one active horses referred to a specialized ambulatory practice for signs of respiratory disease or poor performance.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed, collecting clinical data, environmental conditions, and results of a tracheal wash (TW; cytology, fungal culture, and bacterial culture), and bronchoalveolar lavage (cytology).ResultsA positive fungal culture was obtained in 55% (402/731) of horses. Horses with fungal elements observed on the TW cytology had 2 times greater chance of having IAD than horses without fungi (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% CI 1.08‐3.33; P = .0003). Risks of being diagnosed with IAD and likelihood of fungi in TW were higher when horses were bedded on straw (OR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.2‐3.2 and OR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.3‐2.6, respectively) or fed dry hay (OR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.7‐4.4 and OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.6‐3.4, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHorses inhaling aerosolized fungal particles are at a significantly higher risk of developing IAD. The type of bedding and forage represent significant risk factors for IAD and fungal contamination of equine airways.
Feedbacks of plant identity and diversity on the diversity and community composition of rhizosphere microbiomes from a long‐term biodiversity experiment
Authors: Schmid Marc W. , Hahl Terhi , van Moorsel Sofia J. , Wagg Cameron , De Deyn Gerlinde B. , Schmid Bernhard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSoil microbes are known to be key drivers of several essential ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, plant productivity and the maintenance of plant species diversity. However, how plant species diversity and identity affect soil microbial diversity and community composition in the rhizosphere is largely unknown. We tested whether, over the course of 11 years, distinct soil bacterial communities developed under plant monocultures and mixtures, and if over this time frame plants with a monoculture or mixture history changed in the bacterial communities they associated with. For eight species, we grew offspring of plants that had been grown for 11 years in the same field monocultures or mixtures (plant history in monoculture vs. mixture) in pots inoculated with microbes extracted from the field monoculture and mixture soils attached to the roots of the host plants (soil legacy). After 5 months of growth in the glasshouse, we collected rhizosphere soil from each plant and used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the community composition and diversity of the bacterial communities. Bacterial community structure in the plant rhizosphere was primarily determined by soil legacy and by plant species identity, but not by plant history. In seven of the eight plant species the number of individual operational taxonomic units with increased abundance was larger when inoculated with microbes from mixture soil. We conclude that plant species richness can affect below‐ground community composition and diversity, feeding back to the assemblage of rhizosphere bacterial communities in newly establishing plants via the legacy in soil.
A reciprocal translocation radically reshapes sex‐linked inheritance in the common frog
Authors: Toups Melissa A. , Rodrigues Nicolas , Perrin Nicolas , Kirkpatrick Mark 
Published: December 2018

AbstractX and Y chromosomes can diverge when rearrangements block recombination between them. Here we present the first genomic view of a reciprocal translocation that causes two physically unconnected pairs of chromosomes to be coinherited as sex chromosomes. In a population of the common frog (Rana temporaria), both pairs of X and Y chromosomes show extensive sequence differentiation, but not degeneration of the Y chromosomes. A new method based on gene trees shows both chromosomes are sex‐linked. Furthermore, the gene trees from the two Y chromosomes have identical topologies, showing they have been coinherited since the reciprocal translocation occurred. Reciprocal translocations can thus reshape sex linkage on a much greater scale compared with inversions, the type of rearrangement that is much better known in sex chromosome evolution, and they can greatly amplify the power of sexually antagonistic selection to drive genomic rearrangement. Two more populations show evidence of other rearrangements, suggesting that this species has unprecedented structural polymorphism in its sex chromosomes.
Confocal infrared imaging with optical coherence tomography provides superior detection of a number of common macular lesions compared to colour fundus photography
Authors: Quinn Nicola B , Chakravarthy Usha , Muldrew Katherine Alyson , Hamill Barbra , McGuinness Bernadette , Young Ian S , Kee Frank , Hogg Ruth E 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare diagnostic accuracy of confocal infrared reflectance (IR), with and without optical coherence tomography (OCT), to colour fundus photography (CFP) in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA) Study.MethodsCross‐sectional observational study of participants in NICOLA. CFP, IR and IR/OCT of 640 eyes were graded for hard, soft and reticular pseudodrusen; geographic atrophy; choroidal neovascularisation; naevus; epiretinal membrane; and haemorrhages. Test characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) for each imaging modality with respect to each retinal feature were calculated.ResultsWith CFP as the reference standard, sensitivity of IR by itself ranged from 75% for RPD to 93.5% for hard drusen and specificity was above 90% for all features except hard drusen (71.7%). For IR combined with OCT, sensitivity ranged from 80% for choroidal neovascularisation to 96.5% for hard drusen. When IR alone was the reference standard, CFP sensitivity was high for naevi (97.5%) but reduced markedly for epiretinal membrane (48.5%). When the combination of IR and OCT was the reference standard, sensitivity for CFP was least for epiretinal membrane (31.5%), low for geographic atrophy and reticular pseudodrusen (77.8% and 76.2% respectively) and high for all other lesion types.ConclusionOur findings support the use of confocal IR with OCT as a screening tool for a variety of features of macular disease in community optometric practice.
Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of cardiac implantable electronic device infection
Authors: Madadi Shabnam , Kafi Mohammad , Kheirkhah Jalal , Azhari Amir , Kiarsi Mohammadreza , Mehryar Alireza , Fazelifar Amirfarjam , Alizadehdiz Abolfath , Emkanjoo Zahra , Haghjoo Majid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine whether postprocedural antibiotic reduces the risk of infection related to the cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations.MethodsThe present investigation is a randomized, prospective, single‐blinded controlled trial. All consecutive patients who presented for new CIED implantation, generator replacement, or upgrade were randomized into the following three groups: (A) no antibiotic, (B) intravenous (IV) antibiotic for 1 day, (C) 1 day IV plus 7 days oral antibiotic. Follow‐up was performed on 10‐12 days; 1, 3, 6 months; and then every 6 months for 2 years. The primary endpoint was any evidence of infection at the generator pocket or systemic infection related to the procedure at short‐term (6‐month) and long‐term (2‐year) follow‐ups.ResultsOf the 450 patients (72 patients with cardiac resynchronization device) included in the study, the primary endpoint of short‐term infection was reached in one patient (0.2%) in group A and no patients in groups B and C. The endpoint of long‐term infection was reached in nine patients (2%) with equal frequency between three randomized groups (three patients in each group). On multivariable analysis, the only independent predictor of infection was defibrillator implantation (odds ratio, 8.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.6‐45).ConclusionsThe results of this prospective study showed no benefit for the postoperative antibiotic for the prevention of CIED infection.
Behavioral training and mirroring techniques to prepare elective anesthesia in severe autistic spectrum disorder patients: An illustrative case and review
Authors: Mellado‐Cairet Pascale , Harte Caroline , Séjourné Emmanuelle , Robel Laurence 
Published: December 2018

SummaryChildren with autistic spectrum disorder are more likely to become distressed during induction of anesthesia. Inhalational induction is almost always the preferred route with acceptance of the face mask often presenting a considerable challenge. Tempering measures to facilitate gas induction such as forced premedication and physical restraint are no longer viable options except in extenuating circumstances. Recent research interest has focused on the need for advanced planning in collaboration with the caregiver to tailor an individualized perioperative plan. This plan may include both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions. Applied behavior analysis strategies have a well‐documented efficacy in this unique population to systematically change an individual's usual behavior. These can be used, as a non‐pharmacological strategy, to ensure a smooth perioperative course. We present a successful case of preoperative desensitization of a child with severe autistic spectrum disorder using a mirror demonstration technique associated with positive reinforcement to prepare him for general anesthesia. We discuss the potential application of applied behavior analysis strategies for anesthesia in this unique population. From a practical point of view, early communication with carers is required to establish who may benefit from this behavioral training. Planned individual preparation for general anesthesia must be provided by trained multidisciplinary staff.
Abscisic acid‐mediated modifications of radial apoplastic transport pathway play a key role in cadmium uptake in hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii
Authors: Tao Qi , Jupa Radek , Liu Yuankun , Luo Jipeng , Li Jinxing , Kováč Ján , Li Bing , Li Qiquan , Wu Keren , Liang Yongchao , Lux Alexander , Wang Changquan , Li Tingqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone underlying plant resistance to toxic metals. However, regulatory effects of ABA on apoplastic transport in roots and consequences for uptake of metal ions are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate how ABA regulates development of apoplastic barriers in roots of two ecotypes of Sedum alfredii and assess effects on cadmium (Cd) uptake. Under Cd treatment, increased endogenous ABA level was detected in roots of nonhyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) due to up‐regulated expressions of ABA biosynthesis genes (SaABA2, SaNCED), but no change was observed in hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE). Simultaneously, endodermal Casparian strips (CSs) and suberin lamellae (SL) were deposited closer to root tips of NHE compared with HE. Interestingly, the vessel‐to‐CSs overlap was identified as an ABA‐driven anatomical trait. Results of correlation analyses and exogenous applications of ABA/Abamine indicate that ABA regulates development of both types of apoplastic barriers through promoting activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase, peroxidase, and expressions of suberin‐related genes (SaCYP86A1, SaGPAT5, and SaKCS20). Using scanning ion‐selected electrode technique and PTS tracer confirmed that ABA‐promoted deposition of CSs and SL significantly reduced Cd entrance into root stele. Therefore, maintenance of low ABA levels in HE minimized deposition of apoplastic barriers and allowed maximization of Cd uptake via apoplastic pathway.
Effect of green microalgal extracts exhibiting antibacterial activity on viability of human malignant and non‐malignant cells
Authors: Senhorinho Gerusa N.A. , Lannér Carita , Scott John A. 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYMicroalgae have been investigated for their ability to produce metabolites that exhibit antibacterial activity. However, as research on antibacterial activity progresses, the effect of microalgal extracts on mammalian cells needs to be also assessed. The in vitro effect of microalgal extracts with demonstrated antibacterial activity against the human opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus was examined on the viability of non‐malignant (MCF10A and 184B5 cells) and malignant human cell lines (A2780 and MCF7). Direct cell counts indicated that the MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) proliferation assay was found to under/overestimate cell viability when specific microalgal extracts and/or concentrations were tested. From direct cell counts, the viability of non‐malignant cells was not reduced after exposure to the extracts, whereas the viability of malignant cells was affected by specific microalgal extracts and concentrations. The results suggest that green microalgae are worthy of further investigation as potential sources of antibiotics, since they did not show a negative effect on the non‐malignant cell lines, MCF10A and 184B5. Additional studies should evaluate the compounds responsible for the anti‐proliferative activity of specific microalgal extracts observed on the malignant cells A2780 and MCF7.
Second‐order analysis of marked inhomogeneous spatiotemporal point processes: Applications to earthquake data
Authors: Iftimi A. , Cronie O. , Montes F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo analyze interactions in marked spatiotemporal point processes (MSTPPs), we introduce marked second‐order reduced moment measures andK‐functions for inhomogeneous second‐order intensity‐reweighted stationary MSTPPs. These summary statistics, which allow us to quantify dependence between different mark‐based classifications of points, depend on the specific mark space and mark reference measure chosen. Unbiased and consistent minus‐sampling estimators are derived for all statistics considered, and a test for random labeling is indicated. In addition, we treat Voronoi intensity estimators for MSTPPs. These new statistics are finally employed to analyze an Andaman Sea earthquake data set.
Religion and progressive politics in the United States
Authors: Braunstein Ruth , Fuist Todd Nicholas , Williams Rhys H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn recent decades, scholars interested in the role of religion in American public life have largely focused on the Christian Right or the role of religion in civic life. Compared to these extensive literatures, relatively little attention has been paid to the role of religion in liberal/progressive politics. Progressive religious voices are more widespread and more racially, socioeconomically, and religiously diverse than is typically recognized. Moreover, while these actors seek influence within the most visible political realms of elections and policymaking, they also focus on shaping the cultural identities, narratives, and discourses that undergird democratic life. This article offers a framework through which to conceptualize the progressive religious field of action and reviews the growing body of research on the individuals and organizations that comprise this field. It begins by examining the prevalence of progressive religious views and activities among the general public; reviews research on three different types of progressive religious political organizations (social movements, national advocacy organizations, and faith‐based community organizations) as well as religious congregations' efforts to spur members to progressive political consciousness and mobilization; and evaluates the place of progressive religion in American political culture. Finally, it points to fruitful areas for future research.
Critical social psychology and interdisciplinary studies of personal life: Greater than the sum of its parts
Authors: Martinussen Maree 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSingleness, parenting, sexual practices, sibling rivalries, through to meal times, investigating how intimacies and personal lives are organised have always been a mainstay in critical social psychology. However, in the interdisciplinary field of studies of personal life, sociologists often take the lead. In this article, I discuss three illustrative Examples—family practices, queered studies of personal life, and emerging emotional regimes in “late modernity,” and ask how critical social psychology, with its history of investigating the social processes of subjectivity‐making, could be deployed to resolve debates that have emerged within a sociology of personal life. I suggest that clarifying critical social psychology's position in relation to broader studies of personal and intimate life would showcase the distinctiveness of critical social psychological contributions in understanding relational selves, whilst simultaneously fostering interdisciplinary working.
Development and initial psychometric properties of the mathematical modeling attitude scale
Authors: Asempapa Reuben S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article describes the development, initial validation, and psychometric evaluation of the mathematical modeling attitude scale (MMAS). Specifically, both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to generate relevant items. The MMAS assesses K–12 teachers’ attitude toward mathematical modeling and examines their experiences with modeling practices. The initial scale development process included the results of items generated from relevant literature, expert reviews, and cognitive interviews to create and assess content validity of MMAS Items. The pilot study phase describes the results of psychometric properties and exploratory factor analysis conducted to assess the usefulness and reliability of the MMAS items measuring teachers’ attitude toward modeling. The scale development process isolated four factors: constructivism, understanding, relevance and real life, and motivation and interest. These four factors explained about 70.2% of the variation in the 28‐item measure. The Cronbach's coefficients alpha for the four factors ranged between 0.81 and 0.95, with an overall scale coefficient of 0.96. The findings presented provide evidence to support the scale's reliability and potential utility for measuring aspects related to teachers’ attitude toward mathematical modeling. Additional results indicated that teachers had limited experience with modeling practices. Discussion, limitations, and implications for teacher education and future research are presented.
Systems thinking and mathematical problem solving
Authors: Salado Alejandro , Chowdhury Ahsan Habib , Norton Anderson 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProblem solving lies at the core of engineering and remains central in school mathematics. Word problems are a traditional instructional mechanism for learning how to apply mathematics to solving problems. Word problems are formulated so that a student can identify data relevant to the question asked and choose a set of mathematical operations that leads to the answer. However, the complexity and interconnectedness of contemporary problems demands that problem‐solving methods be shaped by systems thinking. This article presents results from three clinical interviews that aimed at understanding the effects that traditional word problems have on a student’s ability to use systems thinking. In particular, the interviews examined how children parse word problems and how they update their answers when contextual information is provided. Results show that traditional word problems create unintended dispositions that limit systems thinking.
sRNA‐FISH: versatile fluorescent in situ detection of small RNAs in plants
Authors: Huang Kun , Baldrich Patricia , Meyers Blake C. , Caplan Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryLocalization of mRNA and small RNAs (sRNAs) is important for understanding their function. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has been used extensively in animal systems to study the localization and expression of sRNAs. However, current methods for fluorescent in situ detection of sRNA in plant tissues are less developed. Here we report a protocol (sRNA‐FISH) for efficient fluorescent detection of sRNAs in plants. This protocol is suitable for application in diverse plant species and tissue types. The use of locked nucleic acid probes and antibodies conjugated with different fluorophores allows the detection of two sRNAs in the same sample. Using this method, we have successfully detected the co‐localization of miR2275 and a 24‐nucleotide phased small interfering RNA in maize anther tapetal and archesporial cells. We describe how to overcome the common problem of the wide range of autofluorescence in embedded plant tissue using linear spectral unmixing on a laser scanning confocal microscope. For highly autofluorescent samples, we show that multi‐photon fluorescence excitation microscopy can be used to separate the target sRNA‐FISH signal from background autofluorescence. In contrast to colorimetric in situ hybridization, sRNA‐FISH signals can be imaged using super‐resolution microscopy to examine the subcellular localization of sRNAs. We detected maize miR2275 by super‐resolution structured illumination microscopy and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. In this study, we describe how we overcame the challenges of adapting FISH for imaging in plant tissue and provide a step‐by‐step sRNA‐FISH protocol for studying sRNAs at the cellular and even subcellular level.