bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing Postoperative Delirium After Major Noncardiac Thoracic Surgery—A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Khan Babar A. , Perkins Anthony J. , Campbell Noll L. , Gao Sujuan , Khan Sikandar H. , Wang Sophia , Fuchita Mikita , Weber Daniel J. , Zarzaur Ben L. , Boustani Malaz A. , Kesler Kenneth 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of haloperidol in reducing postoperative delirium in individuals undergoing thoracic surgery.DesignRandomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial.SettingSurgical intensive care unit (ICU) of tertiary care center.ParticipantsIndividuals undergoing thoracic surgery (N=135).InterventionLow‐dose intravenous haloperidol (0.5 mg three times daily for a total of 11 doses) administered postoperatively.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was delirium incidence during hospitalization. Secondary outcomes were time to delirium, delirium duration, delirium severity, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU and delirium severity using the Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised.ResultsSixty‐eight participants were randomized to receive haloperidol and 67 placebo. No significant differences were observed between those receiving haloperidol and those receiving placebo in incident delirium (n=15 (22.1%) vs n=19 (28.4%); p = .43), time to delirium (p = .43), delirium duration (median 1 day, interquartile range (IQR) 1‐2 days vs median 1 day, IQR 1‐2 days; p = .71), delirium severity, ICU length of stay (median 2.2 days, IQR 1–3.3 days vs median 2.3 days, IQR 1‐4 days; p = .29), or hospital length of stay (median 10 days, IQR 8–11.5 days vs median 10 days, IQR 8‐12 days; p = .41). In the esophagectomy subgroup (n = 84), the haloperidol group was less likely to experience incident delirium (n=10 (23.8%) vs n=17 (40.5%); p = .16). There were no differences in time to delirium (p = .14), delirium duration (median 1 day, IQR 1‐2 days vs median 1 day, IQR 1‐2 days; p = .71), delirium severity, or hospital length of stay (median 11 days, IQR 10‐12 days vs median days 11, IQR 10‐15 days; p = .26). ICU length of stay was significantly shorter in the haloperidol group (median 2.8 days, IQR 1.1–3.8 days vs median 3.1 days, IQR 2.1–5.1 days; p = .03). Safety events were comparable between the groups.ConclusionLow‐dose postoperative haloperidol did not reduce delirium in individuals undergoing thoracic surgery but may be efficacious in those undergoing esophagectomy. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2289–2297, 2018.
Independent Association Between Cardio‐Ankle Vascular Index and Sarcopenia in Older U.K. Adults
Authors: Kirkham Frances A. , Bunting Eva , Fantin Francesco , Zamboni Mauro , Rajkumar Chakravarthi 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and arterial stiffness in Caucasians, centering on the relationship between skeletal mass index (SMI) and the cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI) to assess the use of CAVI in predicting sarcopenia.Design Cross‐sectional SettingUnited Kingdom.ParticipantsUK adults aged 45 years and over (N = 366, n = 177 male, n = 189 female).MeasurementsBioimpedance analysis was used to derive SMI. CAVI score was calculated using a vascular screening system. Handgrip strength was measured using a standard dynamometer.ResultsAverage CAVI was significantly correlated with SMI (correlation coefficient (r) = −0.285, p < .001), with higher correlation in women (r = −0.416, p < .001) than men (r = −0.214, p = .01). CAVI had the highest correlation with SMI from appendicular muscle (fat‐free mass in men, r = −0.253, p = .002; predicted muscle mass in women, r = −0.436, p < .001). There was a significant difference in average CAVI between groups, with participants who were not sarcopenic having lower CAVI (8.98) than those who were sarcopenic (9.80) (p < .001, t‐test). Linear regression was performed using SMI as the dependent variable. After adjustment for age, average CAVI was a significant predictor of SMI in women (beta = −0.332, p < .001) but not men.ConclusionIndices of sarcopenia are independently associated with a higher CAVI, with greater correlation in women than men. The CAVI can be used to assess overall vascular compliance and may be a useful operator‐independent tool that can be used to measure sarcopenia and its cardiovascular implications in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:317–322, 2019.
Despertar el pasado, sembrar el territorio: La restauración de la memoria indígena en el pueblo nasa de Tierradentro Colombia, 1971–2016
Authors: Levalle Sebastián 
Published: November 2018

ResumenLa emergencia de los movimientos indígenas en América Latina en el tercio final del siglo XX ha operado como una oportunidad para recrear la memoria colectiva. Centrado en el pueblo nasa de Tierradentro, este trabajo analiza las prácticas de restauración de la memoria indígena enfocándose en las articulaciones entre la memoria y el territorio. El terremoto que afectó Tierradentro en 1994 le permitió al pueblo nasa reconectarse con una memoria profunda que sintetiza la comunicación ontológica con el entorno vital. A su vez, el terremoto conformó un escenario propicio para el despliegue de procesos de subjetivación. La figura de la avalancha condensa esta articulación entre el territorio, la memoria y la resistencia. Restaurar la memoria significa despertar los conocimientos necesarios para restablecer el equilibrio cósmico. Estas memorias permiten sembrar el territorio y la subjetividad nasa más allá de Tierradentro, ampliando los escenarios de la resistencia indígena.
A qualitative exploration of social and environmental factors affecting diet and activity in knee replacement patients
Authors: Hoffman Sara A. , Ledford Gwendolyn , Cameron Kenzie A. , Phillips Siobhan M. , Pellegrini Christine A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine perceived social and environmental barriers and facilitators for healthy eating and activity before and after knee replacement.BackgroundMany patients undergoing knee replacement surgery are overweight or obese. While obesity treatment guidelines encourage diet and activity modifications, gaps exist in understanding social and environmental determinants of these behaviours for knee replacement patients. Identifying these determinants is critical for treatment, as they are likely amplified due to patients’ mobility limitations, the nature of surgery and reliance on others during recovery.DesignThis qualitative study used semi‐structured interviews.MethodsTwenty patients (M = 64.7 ± 9.8 years, 45% female, 90% Caucasian, body mass index 30.8 ± 5.5 kg/m2) who were scheduled for or had recently undergone knee replacement were interviewed. Participants were asked to identify social and environmental factors that made it easier or harder to engage in healthy eating or physical activity. Deidentified transcripts were analysed via constant comparative analysis to identify barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and activity. This paper was written in accordance with COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research standards.ResultsIdentified social and environmental healthy eating barriers included availability of unhealthy food and attending social gatherings; facilitators included availability of healthy food, keeping unhealthy options “out of sight,” and social support. Weather was the primary activity barrier, while facilitators included access to physical activity opportunities and social support.ConclusionsResults provide salient factors for consideration by clinicians and behavioural programmes targeting diet, activity, and weight management, and patient variables to consider when tailoring interventions.Relevance to clinical practicePractitioners treating knee replacement patients would be aided by an understanding of patients’ perceived social and environmental factors that impede or facilitate surgical progress. Particularly for those directly interacting with patients, like nurses, physiotherapists, or other professionals, support from health professionals appears to be a strong facilitator of adherence to diet and increased activity.
Experiences of living with varicose veins: A systematic review of qualitative research
Authors: Lumley Elizabeth , Phillips Patrick , Aber Ahmed , Buckley‐Woods Helen , Jones Georgina L. , Michaels Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo identify the symptoms and quality of life impacts that are important from the perspective of patients with varicose veins and to compare identified themes to items in varicose vein patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).BackgroundVaricose veins are common worldwide and are considered a chronic condition with implications for quality of life. Treatment is predominantly conservative; therefore, understanding patients’ experiences of living with varicose veins is important to inform the provision of clinical care. PROMs are often used to collect data about patients’ quality of life.DesignThematic synthesis of qualitative research reported according to ENTREQ guidelines.MethodsMultiple electronic databases, including MEDLINE and CINAHL, were systematically searched to identify qualitative research examining experiences of adults with varicose veins. Thematic synthesis was then conducted on the included studies.ResultsThree studies met the inclusion criteria; the quality of the studies was high. The range and intensity of reported symptoms and participant's experiences of living with varicose veins were varied. Five overarching themes were identified: physical, psychological and social impact of varicose veins, adapting to varicose veins and reasons for seeking treatment. The overall key theme to emerge was adaptation, with patients demonstrating how they adapted to the various impacts.ConclusionThis review demonstrates that varicose veins have a wide range of symptoms and may have a significant impact on quality of life; people made significant adaptations to enable them to live their lives as fully as possible.Relevance to Clinical PracticeHealthcare professionals need to be aware of the range of symptoms and their impact on quality of life. The use of PROMs to gather information about quality of life and symptoms is well established globally; however, PROMs currently used may not capture the full extent of the impact on patient's quality of life.
Simulation and Experimental Characterization of Lateral Imaging Resolution of Ultrasound Systems and Assessment of System Suitability for Acoustic Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement
Authors: Lochner Piergiorgio , Behnke Stefanie , Fassbender Klaus , Andrejewski Anika , Knodel Sophia , Siniscalchi Antonio , Jenderka Klaus‐V. , Lemor Robert 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEOptic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is used for the estimation of intracranial pressure (ICP). But there are still doubts about the quality of the images and the lateral resolution. Our aim is to investigate the system suitability and best lateral resolution of different ultrasound systems for acoustic ONSD measurement.METHODSFirst, we calculated the theoretically lateral imaging resolution at increasing frequencies: 6.6, 10, and 15 MHz using two different ultrasound systems. Second, we created two phantoms consisting of copper wires or polyvinylchloride (PVC) strips and tested the best lateral resolution at different frequencies with the two ultrasound systems. Using the same ultrasound systems, we evaluated the anatomy of optic nerve at increasing transmission frequencies. Finally, the two probes were tested in two patients with different neurological conditions affected by an increase of ICP.RESULTSTheoretical resolutions were .63, .43, and .41 mm, respectively, with a frequency of 6.6, 10, and 15 MHz. We found a similar lateral resolution in both phantoms: copper wire; .56 mm at 6.6 MHz, .46 mm at 10 MHz, and .44 mm at 15 MHz; and PVC strips .6 mm at 6.6 MHz, .47 mm at 10 MHz, and .40 mm at 15 MHz in accordance with experimental resolution. The ONSD thickening could be clearly displayed at frequencies higher than 7.5 MHz using the two linear probes and the two patients with an increase of ICP showed thickening of ONSD.CONCLUSIONAccording to our study, both systems are suitable for ultrasound OSND measurement.
Transcriptome analysis of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal soybean plantlets upon infection with Fusarium virguliforme, one causal agent of sudden death syndrome
Authors: Marquez N. , Giachero M. L. , Gallou A. , Debat H. J. , Declerck S. , Ducasse D. A. 
Published: November 2018

Soilborne pathogens represent a threat to agriculture causing important yield losses. Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is a severe disease caused by a complex of Fusarium species. This pathosystem has been widely investigated and several strategies have been proposed to manage SDS. Although a decrease in symptoms and in the level of root tissue infection, particularly by F. virguliforme, was observed in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), biological control based on AMF has received less attention. Here, the results are reported of transcriptional analysis of mycorrhizal versus nonmycorrhizal soybean plantlets infected by F. virguliforme, grown under strict in vitro culture experimental conditions. Important transcriptional reprogramming was detected following infection by the pathogen. Results revealed 1768 and 967 differentially expressed genes in the AMF‐colonized (+AMF+Fv) and noncolonized (−AMF+Fv) plants, respectively. Major transcriptional changes corresponded to defence response‐related genes belonging to secondary metabolism, stress and signalling categories. The +AMF+Fv treatment showed the largest number of up‐regulated genes related to defence, such as those encoding disease resistance proteins, WRKY transcription factors, auxins, receptors kinases and proteases. Only a few genes had primed expression in the +AMF+Fv treatment, such as those encoding a thaumatin‐like protein (TLP) and a pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) protein. Moreover, +AMF+Fv showed a significantly greater number of down‐regulated genes related to cell wall modification and peroxidases than the –AMF+Fv treatment. This detailed investigation increases knowledge of transcriptional changes and potential metabolic pathways involved in the enhanced resistance or tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to infection by F. virguliforme.
Sympathetic overactivity in dialysis patients—Underappreciated and clinically consequential
Authors: Hoye Neil A. , Wilson Luke C. , Jardine David L. , Walker Robert J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCardiovascular morbidity and mortality remain frustratingly common in dialysis patients. A dearth of established evidence‐based treatment calls for alternative therapeutic avenues to be embraced. Sympathetic hyperactivity, predominantly due to afferent nerve signaling from the diseased native kidneys, has been established to be prognostic in the dialysis population for over 15 years. Despite this, tangible therapeutic interventions have, to date, been unsuccessful and the outlook for patients remains poor. This narrative review summarizes established experimental and clinical data, highlighting recent developments, and proposes why interventions to ameliorate sympathetic hyperactivity may well be beneficial for this high‐risk population.
Bayesian inference for stable Lévy–driven stochastic differential equations with high‐frequency data
Authors: Jasra Ajay , Kamatani Kengo , Masuda Hiroki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider parametric Bayesian inference for stochastic differential equations driven by a pure‐jump stable Lévy process, which is observed at high frequency. In most cases of practical interest, the likelihood function is not available; hence, we use a quasi‐likelihood and place an associated prior on the unknown parameters. It is shown under regularity conditions that there is a Bernstein–von Mises theorem associated to the posterior. We then develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for Bayesian inference, and assisted with theoretical results, we show how to scale Metropolis–Hastings proposals when the frequency of the data grows, in order to prevent the acceptance ratio from going to zero in the large data limit. Our algorithm is presented on numerical examples that help verify our theoretical findings.
Foreign Divestment in the Retail Sector – The Host Market’s Perspective
Authors: Gersch Inka , Franz Martin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransnational grocery retailers increasingly dispose of their foreign subsidiaries. The existing literature on this development mainly focuses on the perspective of transnational retailers on their own divestments, and neglects the view of the actors in the remaining market. Addressing this bias, this paper analyses the dynamics and drivers of foreign divestment from the host market perspective. It is based on data from qualitative interviews with host market competitors and sold subsidiaries of transnational retailers in Turkey. The research reveals that, while home market actors present their divestments as strategic decisions, for the host market’s actors the TNCs’ divestments are stories of failure. We propose a holistic framework of the foreign divestment decision process showing that a divestment decision is not just the inverse of an investment decision. This framework incorporates pull factors (reasons to reallocate resources), push factors (host market hurdles) and foreign retailers’ possibilities to take on the challenges in foreign markets.
Neighbourhood Change and the Fate of Rooming Houses
Authors: Grant Jill L , Lee Uytae , Derksen Janelle , Ramos Howard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe paper examines changes in the number and geography of rooming houses in Halifax, Canada. Several factors contributed to the near extinction of private single‐room accommodations for hard‐to‐house, low‐income adults between 1995 and 2016, while student‐oriented rooming properties increased. Economic and population growth created strong housing demand as low borrowing costs facilitated property investment in central neighbourhoods. Planning policies encouraged greater densities and heights in areas formerly accommodating low‐rent rooming houses, while regulations held rooming houses to new standards. Cultural preferences for urban living accelerated demand for, and costs in central areas. Together these factors contributed to an apparent rent gap that made many rooming house properties ripe for transformation, contributing to diminished shelter opportunities for disadvantaged low‐income residents. The case illustrates how gentrification extinguishes some market‐provided low‐income housing options.
Neoliberal Europeanisation, Variegated Financialisation: Common but Divergent Economic Trajectories in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Germany
Authors: Ward Callum , Van Loon Jannes , Wijburg Gertjan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRevisiting attempts to connect comparative political economy and the geographies of finance, we present a balance sheet analysis of financialisation in the UK, the Netherlands, and Germany from 1992–2012. We define financialisation broadly as a trend towards a greater reliance on assets and/or debt, with particular manifestations across different domains of the economy: a greater reliance on financial tools and metrics for the state and non‐financial corporations, a shift to market‐based banking and increasing dependence on credit or asset‐based welfare for households. We use OECD time‐series balance sheet data and qualitative accounts drawn from the literature to overview economic change in our case countries. Using this informal comparison we develop the concept of ‘variegated financialisation’ by exploring the common but not convergent financialising trajectories of our case countries and relating them to the politics of finance’s institutional embedding.
Street‐segment‐based salt and abrasive prediction for winter maintenance using machine learning and GIS
Authors: Ahabchane Chahid , Trépanier Martin , Langevin André 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSalting operations are essential but expensive in northern winters. We aim to predict the quantity of salt and abrasive needed for a specific road segment for each hour. An estimate of the quantity allows managers to better manage the loads in the trucks and to propose optimal vehicle routes based on the forecast, which will allow them to optimize costs. This article uses machine‐learning techniques based on truck telemetry data, weather conditions, and segment attributes. Geographic information systems (GIS) allow us to exploit the street‐network characteristics, which were ignored by previous prediction models. The results show that the XGBoost method performs better than other techniques (R2 = 0.83).
LIMITATIONS ON THE NEUROSCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MYSTICAL EXPERIENCES
Authors: Jones Richard H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNeuroscientific scanning of meditators is taken as providing data on mystical experiences. However, problems concerning how the brain and consciousness are related cast doubts on whether any understanding of the content of meditative experiences is gained through the study of the brain. Whether neuroscience can study the subjective aspects of meditative experiences in general is also discussed. So too, whether current neuroscience can establish that there are “pure consciousness events” in mysticism is open to question. The discussion points to limitations on neuroscience's capability to add to our understanding of the phenomenological content of mystical experiences.
Automating Penetration Testing Within Ambiguous Testing Environment
Authors: Kah Seng Lim , Ithnin Norafida , Mohd Shaid Syed Zainudeen 
Published: November 2018

Automated web application penetration testing has emerged as a trend. The computer was assigned the task of penetrating web application security with penetration testing technique. Relevant computer program reduces time, cost, and resources required for assessing a web application security. At the same time, scaling down tester reliance on human knowledge. Web application security scanner is such kind of program that is designed to assess web application security automatically with penetration testing technique. The downside is that computer is not well-formed as human. Consequently, web application security scanner often found generating the false alarms, especially in a testing environment, which web application source codes are unreachable. Thus, in this paper, the state-of-the-art of black box web application security scanner is systematically reviewed, to investigate the approaches for detecting web application vulnerability in an ambiguous testing environment. This survey is critical in providing insights on how to design efficient algorithms for assessing web application security with penetration testing technique in the ambiguous environment.