bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of porous hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite bodies through dip-coating method
Authors: Fadli A , Saputra E , Komalasari  , Arosyidin  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Porous hydroxyapatite have been attracting considerable attention for bone surgery. Relatively low mechanical strength of porous hydroxyapatite hampers its application for permanent bone implant. The aim of this work was to study the effect of chitosan concentration and time of coating on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of porous hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites prepared using dip coating technique. Firstly, chitosan powder was dissolved into acetic acid with a concentration of 0.50 %, 0.75 % and 1.00 % (w/v). Subsequently the porous hydroxyapatite bodies were coated with chitosan using dip-coating method at dip time during 30, 45, 60 min. The composites bodies were dried in room temperature for 24 h. The hydroxyapatite/chitosan bodies with compressive strength in the range of 1.52 - 4.05 MPa, porosity of 75 – 78 %, pore size of 22.8 - 26.61 μm, and density of 0.71 - 0.78 g/cm3 were obtained. The increase of chitosan concentration from 0.50 % to 0.75 % can decrease the porosity from 78 % to 76 % and pore size from 28.25 μm become 22.88 μm. The compressive strength of the composites increased with the coating time.
Technology selection of LNG receiving terminals in Gresik, East Java
Authors: Wicaksono R , Sudibandriyo M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Java, the centre of industry in Indonesia, needs fuel gas supplies to maintain production continuity. The addition of gas infrastructures in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) receiving terminals can be an alternative to secure gas supplies. Such a terminal is planned to be built in Gresik, East Java. This paper aims to examine the most appropriate technology for LNG receiving terminals to be built in East Java by considering both technical and economic aspects. In this research, LNG receiving technology was selected based on the terminal location and selection of the regasification technology using the method Analytic Hierarchy Process. Moreover, economic and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Research findings suggest the land-based LNG receiving terminal with regasification technology in the form of shell and tube vaporizers as the most suitable LNG receiving terminal in Gresik, East Java. Land-based LNG receiving terminal establishment in Gresik, East Java is feasible as regasification costs 0.468 USD/MMBTU, the Net Present Value (NPV) amounts to 31943500 USD, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) reaches 19.25%, the Benefit-Cost (BC) Ratio equals 1.23, and the Payback Period (PBP) is 3.4 years. The throughput required by the power plant generates the greatest sensitivity to IRR.
Cooking ability of Manihot esculenta crantz as new pulp raw material with Eucalyptus and Acacia mangium wood comparison using kraft pulping method
Authors: Irawan B , Ardina V , Prajitno D H , Roesyadi A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This research used manihot esculenta crantz of 8-10 months old, eucalyptus and acacia mangium wood of 5-year-old. The active alkali (AA) charge variations of 16% to 20% with 1% intervals. The sample position of composition of manihot esculenta crantz wood was 0-22 cm above ground level. The density of manihot esculenta crantz, eucalyptus and acacia mangium were 480 g/cm3, 483 g/cm3 and 499 g/cm3, respectively. Base on FTIR analysis, have the same dominant functional groups. The average total yield manihot esculenta crantz were lower than eucalyptus or acacia mangium of 12.422% and 24.92% respectively and screen yield manihot esculenta crantz were lower than eucalyptus or acacia mangium of 13.678% and 26.85% respectively. Each AA charge increase of 1% in manihot esculenta crantz, eucalyptus and acacia mangium can decrease the total yield by 0.635%, 0.803% and 1.14%, the screen yield decreased by 0.543%, 0.563% and 2.196% respectively. The mean of KaNo difference of manihot esculenta crantz higher than eucalyptus or acacia mangium of 7.038 and 5.236 respectively. Each 1% increase in AA charge may decrease the average KaNo of manihot esculenta crantz, eucalyptus and acacia mangium were 7.693%, 3.778% and 6.628% also decreased viscosity by 3.70%, 2.99% and 0.974% respectively.
Testing Instrument For Water Quality and Drinking Water Using Oxidation and Electromagnetic Methods (Case Study: Local Water Company at Bangka Barat)
Authors: Luvita V , Darmayanti N T E , Zaid G , Setyarini D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Safe clean water, especially for consumption purposes, is needed by the humans. Various regulations on water safety standards have been developed and implemented by each country, including Indonesia Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 concerning Water Quality Requirements; SNI 01-3553 2006 on Drinking Water in Packaging and Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82/2001 on the Management of Water Quality and Control of Water Pollution. Some parameters of physics, chemistry, biology and radioactivity are the benchmarks of water security. Raw water treatment for clean water and drinking water has been done using oxidation and electromagnetic methods. Both of these methods have been tested in local water company (PDAM) at Bangka Barat which has problems with high organic content, the amount of heavy metal content Fe and Mn that exceeds the threshold above normal and high acidity level. Test results after processing show physical and chemical parameters that meet the criteria of water quality and drinking water requirements in accordance with regulations set by the government. Other important things besides meeting the health requirements are also the quality assurance of the measuring instrument used to test the physical and chemical parameters. This measurement traceable to International System of Units through Research Centre of Metrology-Indonesian Institute of Science.
Process Dynamic and Control for Nonconventional Column/Rectifier Configuration with Aspen Hysys v10.0
Authors: Hikmadiyar R A , Sutikno J P , Handogo R , Azizah Z , Hisyam A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nonconventional column/rectifier configuration is the new alternate design for the sequence multicomponent separation of three or more products. It can accomplish an efficient energy. There are two columns, the first is the rectifier and the second is the main, the vapor sidestream is taken out from the location under the feed tray of the main column then fed to the rectifier column and the liquid that from the bottom of the rectifier column is turned back to the main column. In order to completely understand the dynamic behavior of complex process of this configuration, process dynamic and control of it has to be studied intensively. The implementation of it is demethanizer and deethanizer column. The configuration has been simulated for dynamic by using Aspen Hysys v10.0. The results show that the graph of rejecting disturbance from all controllers of the main column need more attention especially for inventory control i.e. level controller for reflux drum, sump level reboiler and pressure controller for condenser. The overshoot for level controller of reflux drum of main column is 10% from set points. The better algorithm of tuning is required. The results of this studied could provide guidance for composition controller of this configuration.
Evaluation of COD Removal using Dielectric Barrier Discharge to Produce Biogas from POME
Authors: Hazmi A. , Emeraldi P. , Hamid M.I M.I. , Desmiarti R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Evaluation of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system to produce biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated in a batch experiment. The residence time was set at 1 hour. The batch experiments were observed with voltage variation at 10, 15, 20 and 25 kV. It was found that the COD removal was measured at 22.47% to 44.94% with the applied voltage was set at 10-25 kV, respectively. The results also shown that the maximum yields of hydrogen and methane by the system were 7.94 and 1.78 mL/mL of POME, respectively that were obtained at an applied voltage of 25 kV.
Hydrocarbon Biofuel Production by Hydrocracking Process with Nickel-Iron Supported on HZSM-5 Catalyst
Authors: Al-Muttaqii M , Kurniawansyah F , Prajitno D H , Roesyadi A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The production of hydrocarbon biofuel from coconut oil can substitute for fossil fuels to reduce the environmental issues. Hydrocracking is an effective method that can convert vegetable oil into biofuel using catalyst. In this experiment, nickel-iron was combined with HZSM-5 catalyst to produce biofuel. Hydrocracking of coconut oil was carried out in a batch reactor over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst at a temperature of 350 and 400 °C for 2 h. Liquid hydrocarbon biofuel product was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on GC-MS analysis, processing at the temperature of 350 °C produced sample containing 72.56% carboxylic acids. When the temperature increased to 400 °C, the carboxylic acids decreased rapidly from 72.56% to 24.83%. Analysis results suggested that increase of temperature promoted to the increase of desirable content, hydrocarbon compounds. At the same like, it also suppressed formation of undesirable compounds: acids, ketones, phenols, alcohols, and esters. Overall, synthesized catalyst in this study improved production of n-paraffin compounds such as (tridecane (n-C13), tetradecane (n-C14) and pentadecane (n-C15)) as high 71.85%.
Production of Bioethanol from Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (Talas Liar) by Hydrolysis Process
Authors: Praputri E , Sundari E 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWild taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Var. Antiquorum) contain 70-80% (wt%) of starch, thus serve as potential feedstock for glucose production, providing raw materials for bioethanol production. The tubers used in this study was collected from Padang city, Indonesia. The aim of this research was to find the optimum of bioethanol yield through variation of acid catalyst (HCl, H2SO4and HClO4), acid concentration (0,00 N; 0,05 N; 0,10 N; 0,15 N; 0,20 N), enzyme (α-amylase, glucoamylase), enzyme volume (0.308 ml; 0.74 ml), hydrolysis time (1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours), and fermentation time (48 hours,72 hours, 96 hours, 122 hours, 144 hours).At varied acid catalyst usage, the highest glucose content (27.54%) was obtained by using HClO4acid with a concentration of 0.10 N and the lowest glucose level of 16.64% was obtained from the usage of H2SO4acid with a concentration of 0.10 N in the hydrolysis process with temperature of 120°C for 45 minutes. The highest bioethanol content as 19.10% was obtained at the time of fermentation of 96 hours with the usage of Sacharomyces cerevisiae enzyme.The highest glucose content of 20.35% was obtained by using glucoamylase enzyme of 0.308 ml.
The Effects of Diethyl Carbonate in Light Naphtha Blending to Utilize New Energy Resource
Authors: Anugraha R P , Tetrisyanda R , Altway A , Wibawa G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Light naphtha is not reliable used as automotive fuel because of its low octane number (RON) and high vapor pressure. To utilize light naphtha as fuel, blending process may be used to obtain usable gasoline fuel. Diethyl carbonate (DEC) can be used as blending agent with light naphtha because its high octane number and low vapor pressure. Therefore in this work, the vapor pressure and octane number (RON) of DEC–light naphtha blends were measured to study the effect of DEC in light naphtha blending. The vapor pressure measurements show that vapor pressure of DEC–light naphtha blends decreased while the DEC fraction increased. The pseudo binary analysis approachment was used to correlate the vapor pressure experimental data and predict the vapor pressure of light naphtha + DEC blends. The Wilson and nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model are giving good correlation and prediction result with average absolute deviation (AAD) less than 1.3% meanwhile the Hildebrand & Scatchard model give quietly poor result with AAD value of 4.4%. The RON measurements show that the RON values of the blends increased while the DEC fraction increased. The DEC is successfully used as blending agent into light naphtha with 30% v/v optimum fraction.
Production of Diethyl Ether Over Cr-Co/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Marbun M J , Kurniawansyah F , Prajitno D H , Roesyadi A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Diethyl ether (DEE) is an important chemical in practical application. This substances actually very interesting to be object of study because its can be substitute the fuel oil such gasoline from the fossil. Its mean that DEE is one of alternative sources of energy. In this study the production of DEE was based on ethanol dehydration over a granule Cr-Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The reaction was conducted in a fixed bed reactor at range temperature of 100 to 200º C and atmospheric pressure. Un nitrogen gas is fed in reactor to push the ethanol vapor. Sampling the product of reaction is taken after the condition is steady state. The catalyst was analyzed by the BET and XRD method and the result indicated that the prepared catalyst has surface area of 162,840 m2/g with pore diameter of 0,3178 cc/g. The ethanol conversion under the variable condition attaints of 93.122% of and DEE yield is 0.34%.
A Superstructure Based Enviro-Economic Optimization for Production Strategy of Oil Palm Derivatives
Authors: Taqwa S A , Purwanto W W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. Palm oil has a wide range of derivative products that have higher values than in the upstream oil palm products. Indonesia still exports mostly crude palm oil rather than its derivatives. The objective of this research is to obtain the best strategy of developing downstream palm oil industry by considering the total price and greenhouse gas emission. Economic objective function is the total selling price of all products and environmental objective measured by the total greenhouse gas emissions. Multi-objective optimization is based on State-Task Network superstructure with fixed variable of product selling price, emission factor, conversion factor, national demand and global demand of the products. Multi-objective optimization is carried out using GAMS with Cplex 12.6.3 solver. The total selling price obtained amounted to 51.67 billion USD and total GHG emissions generated were 88.05 million tons CO2e. The selected production pathway is the production of 54 palm oil derivatives products to meet domestic needs and 21 of them can be exported (1 FFB derivative product, 4 CPO derivative products, 1 POME derivative product, 4 EFB derivative products, 2 PKS derivative products, and 9 Palm Kernel derivative products).
Activation of Coconut Shell - Randu Wood Biochar and Its Use as Heterogeneous Catalyst Support for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Pradana Y S , Rochim N , Mukaffa H S , Satriawan H B , Hidayat A , Budiman A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the last decade, biodiesel has been considered as one of attractive biofuels in function of replacing fossil-based diesel fuel and concerning on reduction of greenhouse gas release. For biodiesel production, the use of heterogeneous catalyst is a challenge to minimize problems related to the use of homogeneous catalyst. One of potential heterogeneous catalyst is activated carbon-based catalyst. This study investigated the effect of activating agents (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid), its concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 N) and activation time (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 h) on iodine number of activated biochar (from coconut shell and Randu wood). The results showed that the highest iodine number (749.14 mg/g) was obtained from coconut shell biochar activated by sulfuric acid at concentration of 2 N and activation time of 6 h. Moreover, BET analysis of the best activated biochar resulted 30.88 m2/gcat of surface area, 3.26 x 10−2 cm3/g of total pore volume and 2.11 nm of average pore radius. The performance test of this potassium-impregnated activated biochar in batch transesterification reaction (palm oil-methanol) presented 29.44 % of biodiesel conversion.
Microwave Assisted Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch: Effect of Wave Distance Sources, Power, Time and Acid Concentration
Authors: Madinah I , Sarah M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Hydrolysis of EFB’s fiber was carried out using sulfuric acid in two series reactors each operates under microwave irradiation. First reactor operates at various microwave power level (medium, medium high and high), irradiation time (5, 7.5 and 10 minutes) and acid concentration (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) while the second reactor operates at constant time using similar combination of power and acid concentration. This study placed reactor A next to the waveguide, while the reactor B on the opposite position. Microwave energy emmited from magnetron into cavity through the waveguide. This study evaluated effect of wave distance source on temperature and glucose yield in both reactors. Effect of microwave power, irradiation time and acid concentration and their relationship with glucose and temperature were investigated. Overall, increment of time and power increased yield of glucose at first hydrolysis using sulfuric acid of 0.5%. Glucose yielded from reactor A usually higher as compared to reactor B. Increment acid concentration reduced the yield except the one with high power irradiation. This study observed that second stage hydrolysis had no significant contribution to add the yield.
An improvement study of biodiesel production from rice bran via non-catalytic in-situ transesterification using a subcritical water-methanol mixture
Authors: Yasmin M , Alfaty F D , Pradipta H S , Rachimoellah M , Zullaikah S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A non-catalytic in-situ transesterification of biodiesel production from rice bran using subcritical water-methanol mixture was found to be unaffected by initial moisture and free fatty acids (FFA) contents. The method has been known as environmentally friendly conversion since no catalyst was used. Acid catalyst has an important role in in-situ transesterification due to their ability to accelerate the oil extraction from the bran and the reaction rate. In this study, CO2 as pressurizing gas was added into subcritical water methanol mixture to increased yield and content of biodiesel. Effect of different operation pressure (P = 40-100 bar) at subcritical water methanol mixture (T = 200°C) and reaction time of 180 min on the yield and content of biodiesel were investigated. Rice bran with initial FFA content of 40.42 % has been subjected into hydrothermal reactor together with water methanol mixture to produce rice bran oil (RBO)-based biodiesel. The more CO2 as pressurizing gas was added into the hydrothermal reactor, the more yield and content of biodiesel were obtained. The highest yield and content of biodiesel of 98.00±1.41% and 83.93%, respectively, were produced under P = 100 bar.
Production and Characterization of The Basic Soaps Obtained by Double Decomposition and Direct Process of Palm Stearin Oils
Authors: Neonufa G F , Pratiwi M , Purwadi R , Prakoso T , Soerawidjaja T H , Elizabeth L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The direct and double decomposition process of palm stearin oil were evaluated for the production of basic soaps as a decarboxylation feedstock to drop-in fuel produce. The metals proposed for the saponification reaction was magnesium which has a high-basicity and is a low-cost metal. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy profile of the Mg(OH)–stearin basic soaps obtained by both direct and double decomposition processes showed hydrocarbon groups such as alkanes and alkene, without the oxygenate groups. The basic soap products generated by the double decomposition process showed better basicity level which was determined based on the IR spectrum intensity, especially of the -OH group. The type of saponification process used in the resulted basic soaps can provide a different effect on the generated basic soaps characteristic.
Biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum L oil using Microwave with Calcium Carbonate catalyst
Authors: Qadariyah L , Ansori A , Wibowo S A , Muchammad R S C , Bhuana D S , Mahfud M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Biodiesel has become a promising renewable energy resource in recent years due mainly to the fluctuating global oil prices. Calophyllum inophyllum L seed has fairly high oil content of about 40-73 % by weight, thus, making it a great potential as raw material for producing biodiesel. This paper aims to study the effect of the microwave irradiation for biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum L oil when solid CaCO3 catalysts made from waste eggshells and synthetic were employed. Furthermore, the effects of operating conditions, including reaction time, microwave power, and amount of catalyst loading were also investigated. The initial step to produce Calophyllum inophyllum L biodiesel was degumming process, followed by the esterification and trans-esterification, respectively. The catalysts used are CaCO3 synthetic and eggshell. The results of production biodiesel from Calophyllum inophyllum L oil give the highest yield of 65.36 % when performed with the microwave power of 300 Watt, 1 % eggshell catalyst and the reaction time of 10 minutes. Therefore, Calophyllum inophyllum L shown as potential biodiesel feedstock.
Biodiesel Production from Microalgae with Trans-esterification Method Using Microwave
Authors: Qadariyah L , Mujaddid F , Bhuana D S , Mahfud M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Microalgae has a highly potential to be biodiesel fuel due to its high lipid content. The research used Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae refer to high lipid content (approximately 68%). The objectives of this research are to study edible oil extraction process from Nannochloropsis oculata, to study the effect of microwave on biodiesel yield using KOH catalyst, time reaction as well as catalyst percentage. The trans-esterification process was carried out on microwave with lipid molar-methanol comparison of 1:10, microwave power, reaction time and catalyst composition were also varied. It was found that the addition of co-solvent (addition n-hexane) seems to give the best result in terms of yield, i.e. 54.19%, which was obtained at a 600-watt microwave power, reaction time of 40 min, and 2.5% catalyst concentration. The fatty acid consists of several major constituents, such as palmitic acid 84.81%, oleic acid 12.41% stearic acid 1.87% and linoleat 0.88%. It can be concluded from the study that the in-situ trans-esterification process is such an efficient method due to the short reaction time, less energy consumption and relatively efficient owing to the combined extraction and trans-esterification steps.