bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left atrial diameter, left ventricle filling indices, and association with all‐cause mortality: Results from the population‐based Tromsø Study
Authors: Stylidis Michael , Sharashova Ekaterina , Wilsgaard Tom , Leon David A. , Heggelund Geir , Rösner Assami , Njølstad Inger , Løchen Maja‐Lisa , Schirmer Henrik 
Published: January 2019

AimsTo examine the associations between diastolic dysfunction indices and long‐term risk of all‐cause mortality in adults over 23‐year follow‐up.Methods and resultsParticipants (n = 2734) of the population‐based Tromsø Study of Norway had echocardiography in 1994–1995. Of these 67% were repeated in 2001 and/or 2007–2008. Mortality between 1994 and 2016 was determined by linkage to the national death registry. Cox regression was used to model the hazard of all‐cause mortality in relation to left atrial parameters (treated as time‐dependent using repeated measurements) adjusted for traditional risk factors and cardiovascular disease. During the follow‐up, 1399 participants died. Indexed left atrial diameter, mitral peak E deceleration time, and mitral peak E to peak A ratio showed an U‐shaped association with all‐cause mortality. Combining left atrial diameter with mitral peak E deceleration time increased the prognostic accuracy for all‐cause mortality whereas adding mitral peak E to peak A ratio did not increase prognostic value. We estimated new optimal cutoff values of left atrial diameter, mitral peak E deceleration time, and mitral peak E to peak A ratio for all‐cause mortality outcome. E/e′ had a cubic relation to mortality.ConclusionBoth enlarged and small left atrial diameters were associated with increased all‐cause mortality risk. A combination of Doppler‐based left ventricle filling parameters had an incremental effect on all‐cause mortality risk. The cutoff values of diastolic dysfunction indices we determined had similar all‐cause mortality prediction ability as those recommended by American Association of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.
Sampling bias misrepresents the biogeographical significance of constitutive mixotrophs across global oceans
Authors: Leles Suzana Gonçalves , Mitra Aditee , Flynn Kevin John , Tillmann Urban , Stoecker Diane , Jeong Hae Jin , Burkholder JoAnn , Hansen Per Juel , Caron David A. , Glibert Patricia M. , Hallegraeff Gustaaf , Raven John A. , Sanders Robert W. , Zubkov Mikhail 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimMost protist plankton are mixotrophic, with potential to engage in photoautotrophy and phagotrophy; however, the ecology of these organisms has been misdiagnosed for over a century. A large proportion of these organisms are constitutive mixotrophs (CMs), with an innate ability to photosynthesize. Here, for the first time, an analysis is presented of the biogeography of CMs across the oceans.LocationGlobal marine ecosystems.Time period1970–2018.Major taxa studiedMarine planktonic protists.MethodsRecords for CM species, primarily from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), were grouped by taxonomy and size to evaluate sampling efforts across Longhurst's oceanic provinces. Biases were evaluated through nonparametric tests and multivariate analysis. Biogeographies of CMs from OBIS data were compared with data from studies that specifically targeted these organisms.ResultsConstitutive mixotrophs of different taxonomic groups, across all size ranges, are ubiquitous. However, strong database biases were detected with respect to organism size, taxonomic groups and region. A strong bias was seen towards dinophytes. Species < 20 µm, especially non‐dinophytes, were least represented, with their recorded distribution limited to coastal regions and to temperate and polar seas. Studies specifically targeting these organisms revealed their distribution to be much wider. Such biases are likely to have occurred owing to a failure to capture and correctly identify these organisms in routine sampling protocols.Main conclusionsConstitutive mixotrophs are dominant members of organisms traditionally termed “phytoplankton”. However, lack of routine protocols for measuring phagotrophy in “phytoplankton” protists has led to widespread misrepresentation of the fundamental nature of marine planktonic primary producers; most express both “animal‐like” and “plant‐like” nutrition. Our results have implications for studies of the global biogeography of plankton, of food web dynamics (including models) and of biogeochemical cycling in the oceans.
Exploring potential establishment of marine rafting species after transoceanic long‐distance dispersal
Authors: Simkanin Christina , Carlton James T. , Steves Brian , Fofonoff Paul , Nelson Jocelyn C. , Clarke Murray Cathryn , Ruiz Gregory M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimOn 11 March 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake triggered a massive tsunami that resulted in the largest known rafting event in recorded history. By spring 2012, marine debris began washing ashore along the Pacific coast of the United States and Canada with a wide range of Asian coastal species attached. We used this unique dataset, where the source region, date of dislodgment and landing location are known, to assess the potential for species invasions by transoceanic rafting on marine debris.LocationNortheast Pacific from 20 to 60°N.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedForty‐eight invertebrate and algal species recorded on Japanese tsunami marine debris (JTMD).MethodsWe developed maximum entropy (MaxEnt) species distribution models for 48 species recorded on JTMD to predict establishment potential along the Pacific coast from 20 to 60°N. Models were compared within the context of historical marine introductions from Japan to this region to validate the emergence of marine debris as a novel vector for species transfer.ResultsOverall, 27% (13 species) landed with debris at locations with suitable environmental conditions for establishment and survival, indicating that these species may be able to establish new populations or introduce greater genetic diversity to already established non‐native populations. A further 21 species have an environmental match to areas where tsunami debris likely landed, but was not extensively sampled. Nearly 100 Japanese marine species previously invaded the northeastern Pacific, demonstrating this region’s environmental suitability for rafting Japanese biota. Historical invasions from Japan are highest in California and largely known from bays and harbours.Main conclusionsMarine debris is a novel and growing vector for non‐native species introduction. By utilizing a unique dataset of JTMD species, our predictive models show capacity for new transoceanic invasions and can focus monitoring priorities to detect successful long‐distance dispersal across the world’s oceans.
Global patterns of terrestriality in amphibian reproduction
Authors: Lion Marília Bruzzi , Mazzochini Guilherme Gerhardt , Garda Adrian Antonio , Lee Tien Ming , Bickford David , Costa Gabriel Correa , Fonseca Carlos Roberto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimAmphibians exhibit two basic reproductive modes, terrestrial and aquatic, each with different ecophysiological constraints related to evaporative water loss. We hypothesize that these fundamental niche differences will generate strong geographical patterns at the global scale in response to spatial heterogeneity in temperature and water availability.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedAmphibians.MethodsWe used global distribution maps of 5,434 amphibian species, classified into terrestrial or aquatic breeders, to estimate the occurrence and proportion of terrestrial breeding species per 1° cell. We used multiple regression models to test the relative importance of seven abiotic variables: annual precipitation, annual mean temperature, annual mean relative air humidity, annual mean actual evapotranspiration, availability of lotic and lentic environments and slope. We used residuals autocovariate (RAC) generalized multiple regression models to control for spatial autocorrelation and a spatial vector based on amphibian phylogeny to account for phylogenetic dependencies among cells. Model generality was evaluated by contrasting results between 11 widely recognized world zoogeographical realms.ResultsGlobally, the occurrence of terrestrial breeding species was better explained by temperature followed by total annual rainfall, relative air humidity and terrain slope. In contrast, the proportion of terrestrial breeders was better explained by terrain slope, followed by total rainfall, temperature and relative air humidity. Actual evapotranspiration and the extension of large lotic and lentic water bodies played a minor role. However, the relative importance and even the sign of the regression coefficients varied among realms, revealing different evolutionary pressures.Main conclusionsNiche differences among terrestrial and aquatic breeding amphibian species are reflected in their distinct geographical distribution across the globe. Adequate conditions for terrestrial reproduction to evolve and thrive are reached in distinct ways in different realms. Temperature constraints and slope suggest that reproductive modes will be impacted differently by climate change.
Validation of a critical nitrogen dilution curve for hybrid ryegrasses
Authors: Sandaña Patricio , Lobos Iris A. , Pavez Paula B. , Moscoso Cristian J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOne of the challenges of modern grassland systems is to minimize nitrogen (N) fertilization without negatively affecting the forage yield. Therefore, critical N dilution curves (Nc = ac W−b) have been developed in different species to improve N fertilization management. The aim of this study was to validate a critical N dilution curve for hybrid ryegrasses. Two field experiments were conducted in southern Chile. Treatments were the factorial combination of two hybrid ryegrasses (Shogun and Trojan cultivars) and seven N fertilization rates (0, 50, 100, 200, 350, 525 and 700 kg N/ha). Factors were arranged in a split‐plot design, where forage species were assigned to main plots and N rates to subplots that were randomized into four blocks. A wide range in forage yield and plant N concentration was observed (yield: 0.16 and 3.9 Mg DM/ha and N: 1.6% and 5.1%). The variations in these traits were principally explained by the N levels and harvest times. Relative yield responses of both cultivars were significantly (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.81–0.87) related to the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) calculated with different critical N dilution curves. However, the NNI calculated with N dilution curves from annual ryegrass best described the relative yield response of hybrid ryegrass. Therefore, this validated critical N dilution curve (%Nc = 4.1W−0.38) will serve as a useful diagnosis tool for improving the N fertilization management of grazing systems for hybrid ryegrasses.
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Brachiaria brizantha pastures in lowlands of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Álvarez‐Lopeztello Jonás , Hernández‐Cuevas Laura V. , del Castillo Rafael F. , Robles Celerino 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBrachiaria brizantha is one of the most cultivated grasses for fodder in tropical Americas; however, our knowledge of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity related to this species remains limited. We characterized the AMF diversity associated with B. brizantha pastures in Oaxaca (Mexico) lowlands and examined the influence of soil properties on AMF species diversity. We report 23 taxa with dominance of Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae species. The soil is sandy loam; the acidity is high and shows low values of electric conductivity, magnesium, inorganic nitrogen and available phosphorus and high levels of soil organic matter. Low electric conductivity levels (0.95 dS/m) and magnesium concentrations (1.34 cmol/kg) appear to be associated with low AMF spore density. Our results suggest that B. brizantha pastures in Oaxaca (Mexico) lowlands can harbor a great AMF species richness, similar to others natural grasslands.
Productive and morphophysiological responses of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. BRS Zuri to timing and doses of nitrogen application and defoliation intensity
Authors: Gomide Carlos A. M. , Paciullo Domingos S. C. , Morenz Mirton J. F. , Costa Igor A. , Lanzoni Clarissa L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe response of plants to nitrogen fertilization is subject to several factors, including the level of stress caused by defoliation. After defoliation, the plant needs to adjust its energy balance to meet the demands of shoot and root recovery. Our objective was to evaluate the production of forage mass and other morphophysiological responses of zurigrass (Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri) subjected to five nitrogen doses (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/dm3) that were applied at two stages (after the cut and after the appearance of the first leaf on the tiller) under two defoliation intensities (15 and 30 cm of residual height). The pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with three replications, and the forage mass, as well as other morphophysiological traits, was measured in three regrowth cycles after the first standardization cut. Moreover, to understand the effect of cutting height on the root system, the root mass and root carbohydrate content were evaluated at zero, seven and 14 days after the standardization cut. The root mass reduced after 7 days since cutting under the low residual height (15 cm), but no effects on the root carbohydrate content were observed. The dose of nitrogen had a marked effect on most of the variables analyzed, leading to a linear increase in the root mass, the SPAD chlorophyll content and the harvested forage mass, whereas the number of tillers increased quadratically in response to the nitrogen dose. An increase was observed in the harvested forage mass for plants under the 15 cm of residue treatment compared with those under the 30‐cm treatment (16.0 vs. 13.6 g/pot), but no effect was observed for the time of nitrogen application.
Antioxidant capacity, phenolic compound content and sensory properties of cookies produced from organic grape peel (Vitis labrusca) flour
Authors: Abreu Joel , Quintino Iago , Pascoal Gabriela , Postingher Bruna , Cadena Rafael , Teodoro Anderson 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe by‐products of the food industry can be used as nutrient source to improve the nutritional characteristics of other food products. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and phenolic compound content of organic grape peel flour in cookies using response surface methodology. Composition analysis using different assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC) revealed that this flour was low in calories (180.22 ± 0.25 kcal%), with low dietary fibre content (50.10 ± 0.01 g%) and high antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic compound analysis showed high values of phenolic compounds (1063.58 ± 8.09 mg%), consisting of resveratrol (54.27 ± 0.79 mg%), epicatechin (43.94 ± 0.90 mg%) and chlorogenic acid (35.70 ± 1.47 mg%). A 23 factorial experimental design was formulated to optimise the ingredients for cookie production. The resulting cookies presented high acceptance and good sensory properties, confirming that organic grape flour did not interfere with product acceptability. Thus, cookies with an acceptable quality and improved nutrition can be prepared using organic grape peel flour.
Characterization of polyphenolic and oligosaccharidic fractions extracted from grape seeds followed by the evaluation of prebiotic activity related to oligosaccharides
Authors: Bordiga Matteo , Montella Rosa , Travaglia Fabiano , Arlorio Marco , Coïsson Jean Daniel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe study was designed to characterize polyphenolic and oligosaccharidic fractions extracted from grape seeds. Polyphenols and oligosaccharides purification has been realized by using a multistep solid‐phase extraction (SPE) (using C‐18 cartridge followed by carbograph cartridge). The evaluation of the monomeric flavan‐3‐ol composition of polymeric chains and their relative mean degree of polymerisation (mDP) using the phloroglucinolysis method, combined with HPLC separation, has been realized. Then, the evaluation of the three different oligosaccharidic fractions as potential functional ingredients with prebiotic activity towards well‐known probiotic bacteria, allowing to improve their growth during in vitro fermentation, has been deepened. These oligosaccharidic fractions extracted from seeds showed a significant prebiotic activity on probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Conflicts of interest: new thinking, new processes
Authors: Komesaroff Paul A. , Kerridge Ian , Lipworth Wendy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough the concept of ‘conflict of interest’ (COI) arises in many contexts in healthcare, it is often poorly understood, and commonly accepted, definitions are often circular, self‐contradictory and unable to provide procedural guidance. To overcome such confusion and imprecision, we offer a reformulation of COI that carefully defines interests, clarifies their scope and articulates a simple, non‐punitive approach to managing them. We define an ‘interest’ as ‘a commitment, goal, obligation or duty related to a particular social role or practice’. We show how in a particular setting multiple interests can be at play, which can be either financial or non‐financial, with the latter often being the most potent drivers of behaviour. We define a ‘conflict of interest’ as the condition that arises when two coexisting interests directly conflict with each other: that is, when they are likely to compel contrary and incompatible outcomes. COI therefore reflect objective states of affairs rather than internal mental states; they do not imply moral error; and they are identified through public rather than private processes involving ethical dialogues among relevant stakeholders. Once a COI has been identified, responses must be determined based on the seriousness of the conflict and the conditions that generated it. Such responses may be minimal or they may require a formal disengagement from one of the conflicting interests. The framework described, reflects the rich diversity of interests in modern societies, is universally applicable and provides simple, readily applicable guidelines for the identification and management of conflicts arising between them.
Prevalence and healthcare usage of knee pain in South Australia: a population‐based study
Authors: Blacketer Charlotte , Gill Tiffany , Taylor Anne , Hill Catherine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that South Australia (SA) has the highest rate of knee arthroscopy use of any state in Australia; however, Level 1 evidence demonstrates that knee arthroscopy in patients with uncomplicated knee osteoarthritis confers no benefit. In SA, which patients are presenting with knee pain and what treatments are they receiving?AimsTo determine the prevalence, persistence and treatment modalities of knee pain in SA.MethodsThis study analysed data from the North‐West Adelaide Health Study (1999–2015), a longitudinal, population‐based cohort study of people aged 18 years and over (n = 4060), initially randomly selected from the north‐west region of Adelaide, SA. It incorporated clinic assessments, self‐completed questionnaires and telephone interviews to collect demographic, anthropometric and biochemical data over four main stages (1, 2, 3 and North‐West 15 (NW15)). Data were linked to Medical Benefits Scheme data.ResultsIn stages 3 and NW15 of the North‐West Adelaide Health Study, 30–35% of participants reported knee pain (n = 803, 452). Demographic variables associated with knee pain included older age and lower educational level, while risk factors included obesity and high waist circumference. In the 12 months preceding NW15, 33% of participants with knee pain/stiffness consulted a general practitioner for their knee pain, 10.2% an orthopaedic surgeon, and 12.6% a physiotherapist. Between 2011 and 2015, 3.0% the cohort underwent a knee arthroscopy, and 3.1% underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging.ConclusionsKnee pain affects large proportions of the SA population. Knee pain was persistent with underuse of non‐pharmacological treatments and high use of specialist referral. These data support the need for a national strategy to manage osteoarthritis effectively.
Sound practice: Exploring the benefits of establishing a music group on an acute mental health inpatient unit
Authors: Hall Tanya Louise , Mullen Antony , Plummer James , Berry Sherman , Clancy Richard V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is evidence supporting the use of formal music therapy in the treatment of mental health consumers. Despite this, it appears to be an intervention which has not been routinely offered to consumers in Australian acute mental health inpatient units, possibly due to the lack of trained music therapists (or inadequate funding to employ them), as well as the challenges posed by the acuity of presentations and the short duration of admissions. Less formal therapeutic music activities may benefit consumers within these settings. This article describes how a music group activity facilitated by clinical staff with no music therapy qualifications was established. The first phase of this evaluation is then described using a descriptive qualitative method. We undertook a series of consumer and staff focus groups to explore the impact of a music group activity on an acute mental health inpatient unit. Five themes emerged from the transcripts of the focus groups’ discussions, effects on mood, relationships and engagement, social connectedness and inclusion, the ward atmosphere and noise/agitation. Positive effects were shown across these areas, suggesting that the music group activity we established was beneficial for consumers and staff, and enhanced the ward atmosphere.
A systematic review of community participation measures for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Taylor‐Roberts Laura , Strohmaier Sarah , Jones Fergal , Baker Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCommunity participation is considered a fundamental aspect of quality of life and one of the essential goals of services for people with intellectual disabilities, yet there is no agreed way of measuring community participation.MethodTwo systematic searches were performed across eight electronic databases to identify measures of community participation and identify validation studies for each measure. Measures were included if they were developed for adults with intellectual disability, measured extent of participation and had published information regarding content and psychometric properties. Each measure was evaluated on the basis of psychometric properties and in relation to coverage of nine domains of community participation from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF).ResultsEleven measures were selected with the quality rating scores varying substantially ranging from 2 to 11 of a possible 16.ConclusionsThe majority of measures were not sufficiently psychometrically tested. Findings suggest a need for the development of a psychometrically robust instrument.