bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor nutrition as a potential cause of divergent tree growth near the Arctic treeline in northern Alaska
Authors: Ellison Sarah B. Z. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Cahoon Sean M. P. , Hewitt Rebecca E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTrees growing near the Arctic treeline have long been used to reconstruct past climates. However, recent studies have shown deterioration of historically strong positive correlations between air temperature and tree growth (known as “divergence”). Divergence has important implications for confidence in paleoclimate reconstructions and ecosystem–atmosphere carbon exchange. Studies in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska showed that white spruce in the west increased growth in response to late 20th century warming, whereas those in the east failed to show a growth increase. In an earlier study across four watersheds in the Brooks Range, we tested and rejected the hypothesis that divergence in the easternmost watershed reflects moisture limitation of growth. Here, using 16 sites distributed across the same four watersheds, we tested an alternative hypothesis, that greater nutrient limitation in the east may have impeded positive growth responses to warming. Climate comparison across the four Brooks Range study watersheds revealed that, although the easternmost watershed generally had a drier growing‐season climate, the most consistent difference was that winter air temperature and both winter and summer soil temperatures were much colder in the central and eastern watersheds. Soil nutrient availability, foliar nutrient concentrations, and tree growth were all generally lower in the central and eastern than in the western watersheds. Foliar phosphorus concentration was the best predictor of spatial variation in branch extension growth—a finding that is somewhat inconsistent with the theory that forest productivity on young, glacially derived soils should be strongly nitrogen limited. Experimental fertilization yielded the greatest growth increase in the eastern, an intermediate response in the central, and the smallest growth increase in the western watershed, generally mirroring trends in soil temperature, soil nutrient availability, foliar nutrient concentrations, and growth of control trees. Our results confirm that growth in the easternmost watershed is more nutrient limited and suggest that phosphorus limitation may be at least as important as nitrogen limitation of growth. We hypothesize that cold soil effects on tree access to nutrients might explain divergence in the eastern Brooks Range and elsewhere near the Arctic treeline, particularly in areas with cold winters and widespread permafrost.
Circulating dipeptidyl peptidase 3 is a myocardial depressant factor: dipeptidyl peptidase 3 inhibition rapidly and sustainably improves haemodynamics
Authors: Deniau Benjamin , Rehfeld Linda , Santos Karine , Dienelt Anke , Azibani Feriel , Sadoune Malha , Kounde Paul R. , Samuel Jane L. , Tolpannen Heli , Lassus Johan , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Vodovar Nicolas , Bergmann Andreas , Hartmann Oliver , Mebazaa Alexandre , Blet Alice 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsAcute heart failure is a high mortality disease and its pathophysiology is not completely understood. Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) is a cytosolic enzyme involved in angiotensin II and enkephalins cleavage. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of circulating DPP3 (cDPP3) levels and mortality in cardiogenic shock patients and to determine the effects of high cDPP3 on organ function in a heart failure (HF) model in mice.Methods and resultscDPP3 was measured in 174 patients in cardiogenic shock and high cDPP3 levels were associated with an increased short‐term mortality risk (standardized hazard ratio: 1.4 (1.1–1.8)) and severe organ dysfunction. Additionally, a rapid decrease in cDPP3 in cardiogenic shock patients within 24 h of admission was associated with a favourable outcome. This study showed that injection of DPP3 induced myocardial depression (−10 ± 2% of shortening fraction) and impaired kidney haemodynamics (+0.30 ± 0.02 of renal resistive index) in healthy mice. cDPP3 inhibition by Procizumab, a specific antibody directed against cDPP3, promptly normalized cardiac function and kidney haemodynamics in an acute heart failure mouse model, with a marked reduction in oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling.ConclusionOur study demonstrated cDPP3 is a newly discovered myocardial depressant factor, the levels of which at admission are associated with mortality in severe HF patients. Furthermore, inhibition of cDPP3 by Procizumab improved haemodynamics in a mouse model of HF. Our results suggest that DPP3 could be a new biomarker and biotarget for severe HF.
Validation of the HFA‐PEFF score for the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Barandiarán Aizpurua Arantxa , Sanders‐van Wijk Sandra , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Henkens Michiel , Heymans Stephane , Beussink‐Nelson Lauren , Shah Sanjiv J. , van Empel Vanessa P.M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsDiagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is challenging. The newly proposed HFA‐PEFF algorithm entails a stepwise approach. Step 1, typically performed in the ambulatory setting, establishes a pre‐test likelihood. The second step calculates a score based on echocardiography and natriuretic peptides. The aim of this study is to validate the diagnostic value and establish the clinical impact of the second step of the HFA‐PEFF score.Methods and resultsThe second step of the HFA‐PEFF score was evaluated in two independent, prospective cohorts, i.e. the Maastricht cohort (228 HFpEF patients and 42 controls) and the Northwestern Chicago cohort (459 HFpEF patients). In Maastricht, the HFA‐PEFF score categorizes 11 (4%) of the total cohort with suspected HFpEF in the low‐likelihood (0–1 points) and 161 (60%) in the high‐likelihood category (5–6 points). A high HFA‐PEFF score can rule in HFpEF with high specificity (93%) and positive predictive value (98%). A low score can rule out HFpEF with a sensitivity of 99% and a negative predictive value of 73%. The diagnostic accuracy of the score is 0.90 (0.84–0.96), by the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve. However, 98 (36%) are classified in the intermediate‐likelihood category, where additional testing is advised. The distribution of the score shows a similar pattern in the Northwestern (Chicago) and Maastricht HFpEF patients (53% vs. 65% high, 43% vs. 34% intermediate, 4.8% vs. 1.3% low).ConclusionThis study validates and characterizes the HFA‐PEFF score in two independent, well phenotyped cohorts. We demonstrate that the HFA‐PEFF score is helpful in clinical practice for the diagnosis of HFpEF.
Cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione as a derivatizing agent for the analysis of aldehydes by micelar electrokinetic chromatography with diode array detection
Authors: Donegatti Tiago Augusto , Lobato Alnilan , Moreira Gonçalves Luís , Alves Pereira Elisabete 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAldehydes are important compounds in a large number of samples, especially food and beverages. In this work, for the first time, cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione (CHD) was used as a derivatizing reagent aiming aldehyde (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and valeraldehyde) analysis by MEKC‐DAD. The optimized separation of the derivates was performed using a voltage program (+20 kV, 0–15 min.; +23 kV, 15–17 min.) at a temperature of 26°C, and using as the running buffer a mixture containing 100 mmol/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 29 mmol/L of sodium tetraborate at pH 9.2, with maximum absorbance at 260 nm. CHD was compared with two other derivatizing agents: 3‐methyl‐2‐benzothiazolinone hydrazone and phenylhydrazine‐4‐sulfonic acid. The CHD‐aldehyde derivatives were also characterized by LC‐MS. The calibration curves for all aldehydes had r2 above 0.999 and LODs ranged from 0.01 to 0.7 mg/L. The optimized methodology was applied in sugar cane brandy (cachaça) samples successfully. CHD showed to be an alternative derivatization reagent due to its stability, aqueous solubility, high selectivity and sensitivity, reduced impurities, and simple preparation steps.
Partitioned by process: Measuring post‐fire debris‐flow and rill erosion with Structure from Motion photogrammetry
Authors: Ellett Nicholas G. , Pierce Jennifer L. , Glenn Nancy F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAfter wildfire, hillslope and channel erosion produce large amounts of sediment and can contribute significantly to long‐term erosion rates. However, pre‐erosion high‐resolution topographic data (e.g. lidar) is often not available and determining specific contributions from post‐fire hillslope and channel erosion is challenging. The impact of post‐fire erosion on landscape evolution is demonstrated with Structure from Motion (SfM) Multi‐View Stereo (MVS) photogrammetry in a 1 km2 Idaho Batholith catchment burned in the 2016 Pioneer Fire. We use SfM‐MVS to quantify post‐fire erosion without detailed pre‐erosion topography and hillslope transects to improve estimates of rill erosion at adequate spatial scales. Widespread rilling and channel erosion produced a runoff‐generated debris‐flow following modest precipitation in October 2016. We implemented unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based SfM‐MVS to derive a 5 cm resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the channel scoured by debris‐flow. In the absence of cm‐resolution pre‐erosion topography, a synthetic surface was defined by the debris‐flow scour's geomorphic signature and we used a DEM of Difference (DoD) to map and quantify channel erosion. We found 3467 ± 422 m3 was eroded by debris‐flow scour. Rill dimensions along hillslope transects and Monte Carlo simulation show rilling eroded ~1100 m3 of sediment and define a volume uncertainty of 29%. The total eroded volume (4600 ± 740 m3) we measured in our study catchment is partitioned into 75% channel erosion and 25% rill erosion, reinforcing the importance of catchment size on erosion process‐dominance. The deposit volume from the 2016 event was 5700 ± 1140 m3, indicating ~60% contribution from post‐fire channel erosion. Dating of charcoal fragments preserved in stratigraphy at the catchment outlet, and reconstructions of prior deposit volumes provide a record of Holocene fire‐related debris‐flows at this site; results suggest that episodic wildfire‐driven erosion (~6 mm/year) dominate millennial‐scale erosion (~5 mm/Ka) at this site. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon dioxide to bio‐fuels by mixed and pure microbial cultures isolated from activated sludge: relative evaluation of CO2 fixation, biodiesel production, and thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Mishra Somesh , Raghuvanshi Smita , Gupta Suresh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the present work, the CO2(g) bio‐mitigation potential (15% [v/v]) of a mixed microbial population, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas putida, is thermodynamically assessed and compared at different Fe(II) concentrations (energy source). CO2(g) removal efficiency values are evaluated on per‐day basis for all cultures and found maximum for the mixed microbial population. Approximate material balance and thermodynamic assessment of the CO2(g) bio‐mitigation studies have revealed that among all cultures, the mixed microbial population shows the highest actual CO2 utilization efficiency (R.R) of 57.67 (±0.04)%. Leachate (biomass + cell free supernatant) obtained from CO2 bio‐mitigation batch studies were analyzed using FTIR and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. The results obtained have shown the presence of fatty acids and hydrocarbons in considerable amounts. The fatty acids obtained from cultures have shown the presence of a carbon chain length in the range of C7–C25, which makes it a potential source of biodiesel. Biodiesel yields of 91.55%, 77.49%, and 38.69% were obtained for the mixed microbial population, E. cloacae and P. putida. The hydrocarbons obtained from all the microbial cultures were found to have a carbon chain length in the range of C9–C32 and comprised saturated and unsaturated groups, which make them comparable to light oil.© 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sarcopenia, a strong determinant for prolonged feeding tube dependency after chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Karsten Rebecca T. , Al‐Mamgani Abrahim , Bril Sandra I. , Tjon‐A‐Joe Sheena , van der Molen Lisette , de Boer Jan P. , Hilgers Frans J. M. , Smeele Ludi E. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Stuiver Martijn M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia might be a relevant lead for optimization of the condition of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) before chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to prevent long‐term functional swallowing impairment, such as feeding tube dependency.MethodsRegression analyses were performed to assess the association between skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), as a measure of sarcopenia, and prolonged (>90 days) feeding tube dependency in 128 patients with HNC treated with primary CRT.ResultsSixty‐one patients (48%) became prolonged feeding tube‐dependent. Lower SMI increased the risk of prolonged feeding tube dependency in multivariable analysis (risk ratio 1.08; 95% confidence interval 1.02‐1.14, P = .01) adjusted for body mass index, abnormal diet, and socioeconomic status.ConclusionsSarcopenia contributes to the risk of prolonged feeding tube dependency of patients with HNC treated with primary CRT. As sarcopenia might be a modifiable factor prior to treatment, it should be explored as a target for pretreatment patients' condition.
Improvement of cell counting method for Neubauer counting chamber
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Gu Lingui , Zheng Peihua , Chen Zhixin , Dou Xinqi , Qin Qizhong , Cai Xiaozhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe compared the cell counting accuracy of the conventional method and the improved method by using Neubauer counting chamber.MethodsIn the improved method, all the border cells were counted and then divided by two; while, in the conventional method, only border cells on the two boundaries (top and left) were counted.ResultsAbout 55.814% of the samples showed more accurate results by improved counting method, about 38.372% had more accurate results by conventional counting method, and about 5.814% were counted with similar counting error by both methods. The improved method had significantly smaller counting error than conventional method (P < .05). The distribution ratio of the border cells was an independent factor for counting accuracy (P < .05).ConclusionTogether, the improved counting method can reduce the counting error of the Neubauer counting chamber to some extent, assess the distributing uniformity of border cells, and help to eliminate the samples with large differences in distribution.
Of Maslow, motives, and managers: The hierarchy of needs in American business, 1960–1985
Authors: Lussier Kira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of psychologist Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs in American management. I trace how a roster of management experts translated the hierarchy of needs into management through case studies of job redesign programs at Texas Instruments and marketing firm Young & Rubicam's management training. The hierarchy of needs resonated with management, I argue, because it seemed to offer both a concrete guide for management, with practical implications for designing management training and work structures, alongside a broader social theory that purported to explain changing social values and economic circumstances in America. For the management theorists who invoked the hierarchy of needs, the corporation served as both the prime site for people to fulfill their higher psychological needs and the ideal site to study and cultivate motivation. This article contributes to histories of psychology that show how psychology became a prominent resource in American public life.
Clinicopathological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cui Hongxia , Jin Yizi , Chen Fang , Ni Hengli , Hu Caihong , Xu Yudong , Xuan He , Hu Duanmin , Deng Wei , Zhang Yongsheng , Liu Yao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the infection‐related cancers. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) were established risk factors for GC. Recently, there are several reports showing the inconsistent association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the development of GC. To explore the relationship between HBV infection and the development of GC, we designed a meta‐analysis of previous epidemiological studies, a hospital‐based case‐control study, followed by an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay of HBV‐exposed GC samples. We found that HBV infection was associated with an increased risk of GC based on the meta‐analysis. No significant association between HBV infection and GC was detected according to our hospital‐based case‐control study. Histological examination showed that the gastric epithelium positive for HBx demonstrated a higher nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio compared to those HBx‐negative cells. HBx and HBcAg were expressed more in tumors than those in normal counterparts in HBV‐exposed subjects, and PD‐L1 was lower in GC tissues from HBV carriers than those in HBV clearances. In conclusion, HBV infection may contribute to a higher risk for GC based on the meta‐analysis and to the morphological atypia of gastric epithelium by the histological assessment, and GC patients among HBV carriers showed lower expression of PD‐L1 may lose the chance for immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
How have we, do we, and will we measure time perspective? A review of methodological and measurement issues
Authors: Mohammed Susan , Marhefka Jacqueline T. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryDespite the demonstrated importance of time perspective on key outcomes, its growing popularity, and its wide reach in terms of samples and disciplines, the construct has been plagued with definitional and measurement problems since its inception. Given the historical and current confusion regarding both conceptualization and operationalization, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of methodological and measurement issues related to time perspective. Clearly, definitional and measurement clarity are critical for the success of future research. Through integrating the fragmented and eclectic time perspective literature fraught with ambiguity, we help to clarify measurement options and their psychometric evidence for future researchers. Specifically, we provide an in‐depth comparison of four (and their offshoots) commonly used, scale‐based measures of time perspective with respect to their dimensional content, psychometric properties, and validation evidence. We end with recommendations for time perspective research.
Simvastatin Possesses Antitumor and Differentiation‐Promoting Properties That Affect Stromal Cells in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Lau Carol P. Y. , Fung Cathy S. H. , Wong Kwok Chuen , Wang Yu‐Hsuan , Huang Lin , Tsui Stephen K. W. , Lee Oscar K. , Kumta Shekhar M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTGiant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive destructive bone lesion. The management of pulmonary metastasis and local recurrence after the surgical treatment of GCTB remains a challenge. Pathologically, stromal cells in GCTB are known as primary neoplastic cells and are recognized as incompletely differentiated preosteoblasts. Therefore, inducing GCTB stromal cells to differentiate into cells with a mature osteoblastic phenotype may stop tumor growth and recurrence. In this study, we aimed to investigate how simvastatin, a clinically approved and commonly used statin that has been known to promote the maturation of cells of the osteogenic lineage, affects GCTB stromal cells. We found that simvastatin effectively inhibited cell viability by suppressing proliferation and by inducing apoptosis in GCTB stromal cells. Moreover, simvastatin treatment upregulated the expression of genes related to osteogenic maturation, such as runt‐related transcription factor 2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin, and increased the mineralization of the extracellular matrix in GCTB stromal cells. Ingenuity pathway analysis was used to discover that the vitamin D receptor pathway was involved in the simvastatin‐induced osteogenic differentiation of GCTB stromal cells by upregulating the 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism. Taken together, this in vitro study demonstrates the antitumor and differentiation‐promoting effects of simvastatin on GCTB stromal cells and suggests the possibility of using simvastatin as an adjuvant therapy for GCTB. These findings support further clinical investigation of the efficacy of using simvastatin as an adjuvant therapy for GCTB to reduce recurrence and distant metastasis after surgical treatment. © 2019 Orthopedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:297‐310, 2020
Analysis of sorbitol content variation in wild and cultivated apples
Authors: Fang Ting , Cai Yaming , yang Qiurui , Ogutu Collins O , Liao Liao , Han Yuepeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSorbitol is the major sugar alcohol in apple and its accumulation in fruit is associated with fruit sweetness. However, little is known about variation in sorbitol content in fruits of apple germplasm. In this study, we investigated sorbitol content in mature fruits of 243 apple cultivars and 20 wild relatives using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).RESULTSSorbitol accumulation showed a significant variation in apple germplasm. Overall, cultivated fruits had significantly lower content of sorbitol than wild fruits. Fruit sorbitol concentration was significantly correlated with fruit size and acidity that are extensively domesticated traits. Hence, the variation in sorbitol accumulation between cultivated and wild fruits may be the indirect result of fruit size and acidity selection during domestication. Moreover, sorbitol content was maintained at low levels throughout fruit development, with a dramatic decrease at the middle stage. The SDH1 gene was highly expressed throughout fruit development, and its expression showed a significant correlation with fruit sorbitol concentration, suggesting its potential role in apple fruit sorbitol accumulation.CONCLUSIONSThe finding that there is a great variation in fruit sorbitol content among apple germplasm will be helpful for genetic improvement of fruit sorbitol content in apple breeding programs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry