bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barley RNA viromes in six different geographical regions in Korea
Authors: Jo Yeonhwa , Bae Ju-Young , Kim Sang-Min , Choi Hoseong , Lee Bong Choon , Cho Won Kyong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBarley is a kind of cereal grass belonging to the family Poaceae. To examine viruses infecting winter barley in Korea, we carried out a comprehensive study of barley RNA viromes using next-generation sequencing (NGS). A total of 110 barley leaf samples from 17 geographical locations were collected. NGS followed by extensive bioinformatics analyses revealed six different barley viromes: Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), Hordeum vulgare endornavirus (HvEV), and Barley virus G (BVG). BaYMV and HvEV were identified in all libraries, while other viruses were identified in some specific library. Based on the number of virus-associated reads, BaYMV was a dominant virus infecting winter barley in Korea causing yellow disease symptoms. We obtained nearly complete genomes of six BaYMV isolates and two BaMMV isolates. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that BaYMV and BaMMV were largely grouped based on geographical regions such as Asia and Europe. Single nucleotide polymorphisms analyses suggested that most BaYMV and BaMMV showed strong genetic variations; however, BaYMV isolate Jeonju and BaMMV isolate Gunsan exhibited a few and no SNPs, respectively, suggesting low level of genetic variation. Taken together, this is the first study of barley RNA viromes in Korea.
Bright GFP with subnanosecond fluorescence lifetime
Authors: Mamontova Anastasia V. , Solovyev Ilya D. , Savitsky Alexander P. , Shakhov Alexander М. , Lukyanov Konstantin A. , Bogdanov Alexey M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) measures fluorescence decay rate at every pixel of an image. FLIM can separate probes of the same color but different fluorescence lifetimes (FL), thus it is a promising approach for multiparameter imaging. However, available GFP-like fluorescent proteins (FP) possess a narrow range of FLs (commonly, 2.3–3.5 ns) which limits their applicability for multiparameter FLIM. Here we report a new FP probe showing both subnanosecond fluorescence lifetime and exceptional fluorescence brightness (80% of EGFP). To design this probe we applied semi-rational amino acid substitutions selection. Critical positions (Thr65, Tyr145, Phe165) were altered based on previously reported effect on FL or excited state electron transfer. The resulting EGFP triple mutant, BrUSLEE (Bright Ultimately Short Lifetime Enhanced Emitter), allows for both reliable detection of the probe and recording FL signal clearly distinguishable from that of the spectrally similar commonly used GFPs. We demonstrated high performance of this probe in multiparameter FLIM experiment. We suggest that amino acid substitutions described here lead to a significant shift in radiative and non-radiative excited state processes equilibrium.
Negative Association of Hepatitis B Virus With Hearing Impairment
Authors: Azizul Islam SKM , Chung Jin Wook , Lee Young-Sil , Cho HoChan , Moon Seong-Su 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Hearing impairment is one of the most common chronic diseases causing deterioration of the quality of life in elderly individuals. Several viral infections have been suggested to cause hearing impairment. We investigated association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with hearing impairment using a representative sample of the Korean population.

Method
Participants included 6,583 men and 8,702 women, who were ≥ 20 years of age from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys of the Korean population (2010–2012). Air-conduction pure-tone thresholds were measured in a soundproof booth using an automatic audiometer for each ear at 6 frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz). An audiometric test and a laboratory examination, including an HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) test, were performed.

Results
Subjects who are HBsAg positive had lower average of pure-tone thresholds and lower prevalence of hearing impairment at both low/mid and high frequency compared with those without. Adjusted means of hearing thresholds were also lower among subjects who are HBsAg positive compared with subjects who are HBsAg negative. After the adjustment for age and gender, the odds of high-frequency mild hearing impairment were lower for subjects with HBV infection. In the multiple logistic regression analyses adjusting for confounding variables, the significant negative association between HBV infection and high-frequency mild hearing impairment still remained.

Conclusions
Contrary to previous reports, subjects who are HBsAg positive had a lower prevalence of hearing impairment compared with subjects who are HBsAg negative. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanism regarding their negative relationship.
Verbal Agreement Inflection in German Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Penke Martina 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The study aims to explore whether finite verbal morphology is affected in children/adolescents with Down syndrome (DS), whether observed deficits in this domain are indicative of a delayed or deviant development, and whether they are due to phonetic/phonological problems or deficits in phonological short-term memory.

Method

An elicitation task on subject–verb agreement, a picture-naming task targeting stem-final consonants that also express verbal agreement, a nonword repetition task, and a test on grammar comprehension were conducted with 2 groups of monolingual German children: 32 children/adolescents with DS (chronological age
M
= 11;01 [years;months]) and a group of 16 typically developing children (chronological age
M
= 4;00) matched on nonverbal mental age.

Results
Analyses reveal that a substantial number of children/adolescents with DS are impaired in marking verbal agreement and fail to reach an acquisition criterion. The production of word-final consonants succeeds, however, when these consonants do not express verbal agreement. Performance with verbal agreement and nonword repetition are related.

Conclusions
Data indicate that a substantial number of children/adolescents with DS display a deficit in verbal agreement inflection that cannot be attributed to phonetic/phonological problems. The influence of phonological short-term memory on the acquisition of subject–verb agreement has to be further explored.
MRT der Sakroiliakalgelenke: häufige Fehldiagnosen
Authors: Hermann Kay-Geert 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie axiale Spondyloarthritis ist die häufigste entzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankung des Achsenskeletts. Durch eine frühe Diagnosestellung – mit der MRT der Sakroiliakalgelenke – können ihre Spätschäden vermieden werden. Mit dem Ziel einer hohen Sensitivität werden dabei allerdings auch nicht-entzündliche Differenzialdiagnosen oder anatomische Varianten erfasst. Im Folgenden werden mögliche Fallstricke der MRT der Sakroiliakalgelenke dargestellt.
„Ich schau Dir in die Augen, Kleines“ – neuroradiologische Befunde bei okulomotorischen Störungen
Authors: Weidauer Stefan 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungOkulomotorische Störungen können durch pathologische intraorbitale Prozesse entstehen, aber auch, wenn das ZNS oder einzelne oder mehrere Hirnnerven betroffen sind. Insbesondere bei akutem Beginn können sie die Ouvertüre einer schweren neurologischen Erkrankung sein. In dieser Übersicht werden wichtige typische Befundkonstellationen unter Berücksichtigung anatomischer Kompartimente dargestellt.
Aldosterone to Renin Ratio as Screening Tool in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Schilbach Katharina , Junnila Riia , Bidlingmaier Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a severe and often underdiagnosed form of secondary hypertension. Determining the aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) in hypertensive patients has been shown to be a valuable screening test for identification of patients suffering from PA. Since the introduction of a more widespread ARR screening the number of PA patients significantly increased worldwide. Interpretation of ARR might be challenging: Several factors from posture to interfering drugs affect the ARR and need to be taken into account when collecting samples. In addition, the wide variety of available assay methods and lack of well-established cut-offs present a challenge to the clinician. This review discusses the usefulness and possible difficulties of ARR screening.
FrameNet’s Using relation as a source of concept-based paraphrases
Authors: Sikos Jennifer , Padó Sebastian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Characterizing paraphrases formally has proven to be a challenging task. Hasegawa et al. (2011) pointed out the usefulness of FrameNet for
paraphrase research, focusing on paraphrases which are backed by underlying classical linguistic relationships such as synonymy or
voice alternations. This article proposes that other frame-to-frame-relations, notably Using, can serve as a source for
concept-based paraphrases – that is, paraphrases that are backed by common sense knowledge, as in he called him a
hero – he praised him for being a hero. While the predicates in these sentences are not synonymous,
we would argue that the sentences are paraphrases – albeit of a kind that involves world knowledge about the relationship between
different event classes. In this article, we propose a shallow taxonomy for the frame pairs which
instantiate Using, that is motivated by their ability to form concept-based paraphrases. Second, we analyze the subclass of Using instances which supports concept-based paraphrasing, and provide a formalization of some prominent types of side
conditions that are necessary to produce felicitous paraphrases.
The challenge of polygrammaticalization for linguistic theory
Authors: Robert Stéphane 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Transcategorial morphemes share the common ability to be used synchronically across different syntactic categories (synchronic
grammaticalization). This paper first shows that transcategoriality is a general property of linguistic systems, variously
exploited by languages, then addresses the theoretical questions raised by these morphemes. A new model accounting for this
transcategorial functioning, named “fractal grammar”, is proposed and illustrated by various examples. The analysis for this
particular functioning relates the polysemy of these morphemes to their syntactic flexibility in a dynamic way: the variation of
the syntactic scope of the morpheme (“fractal functioning”) is triggered by its environment and produces its polysemy (variation
of the semantic scope). Fractal grammar is thus defined by two basic mechanisms: the construal of a common image-schema (“scale
invariance”), accounting for the unity of the morpheme, and the activation of “scale (or level) properties”, accounting for the
semantic and syntactic variations. A typological sketch of transcategoriality is then sketched, in relation to the strategies used
by linguistic systems for the distribution of grammatical information. Three types of transcategorial strategies are
distinguished: “oriented”, “generic”, and “functional” transcategoriality. The status of linguistic categories is then discussed
in the light of the analysis of these particular morphemes.
Perceptions of danger and co-occurring metaphors in Buddhist dhamma talks and Christian sermons
Authors: Richardson Peter , Nagashima Miori 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on an analysis of the perception of danger in a sample of conservative Evangelical Christian sermons and Thai Forest Tradition dhamma talks. Through the analysis of keywords, frames, conceptual metaphors, and patterns of agency in the use of metaphor, it seeks to explore how one Christian believer and one Buddhist practitioner conceptualize their ways of being religious. We argue that this specific set of dhamma talks has a primary focus on an individual actively progressing within the practice of meditation while interacting with elements that may be beneficial or harmful to that progress. In contrast, this particular sample of sermons has a primary focus on two groups or categories of people, fallen sinners and true Christians, and their strictly defined hierarchical relationship to God. Aspects of this relationship are often defined in terms of power, fear, and danger, with shifting intersections between active behavior and being acted upon by greater forces or powers. We conclude that a cognitive linguistic approach to analyzing perceptions of danger within a specified genre of religious discourse can be useful in producing a picture of how an individual religious believer within a particular context and moment in time views reality, their position within it, and their progression through it.
III. Functions of short lifetime structures at large 9: case of nucleic acids
Authors: Nishigaki Koichi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The short lifetime structures of nucleic acids are not well studied because of the poor recognition of their importance and the methodological difficulty. In case of proteins, which are a type of single-stranded biopolymers, the essential roles of their transient structures are well established. Therefore, the role of transient structures of nucleic acids is, naturally, of great interest. There have been multiple reports on the function-related unstable (transient) structures of single-stranded nucleotides, though not as many as at present. Recent methodological advances are now enabling us to observe structures with ultra-short lifetime (less than a nanosecond). On the other hand, the biological importance of transient structures of ribonucleicacid (RNA) is increasingly recognized because of the findings of novel functional RNAs such as microRNA. Therefore, the time has come to tackle the structure and function dynamic of RNA/deoxyribonucleic acid in relation to their transient, unstable structures. The specific properties of rapidity and diversity are hypothesized to be involved in unexplored phenomena in neuroscience.
GSK3β Inhibition Restores Impaired Neurogenesis in Preterm Neonates With Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Dohare Preeti , Kidwai Ali , Kaur Japneet , Singla Pranav , Krishna Sachi , Klebe Damon , Zhang Xinmu , Hevner Robert , Ballabh Praveen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common complication of prematurity in infants born at 23–28 weeks of gestation. Survivors exhibit impaired growth of the cerebral cortex and neurodevelopmental sequeale, but the underlying mechanism(s) are obscure. Previously, we have shown that neocortical neurogenesis continues until at least 28 gestational weeks. This renders the prematurely born infants vulnerable to impaired neurogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that neurogenesis is impaired by IVH, and that signaling through GSK3β, a critical intracellular kinase regulated by Wnt and other pathways, mediates this effect. These hypotheses were tested observationally in autopsy specimens from premature infants, and experimentally in a premature rabbit IVH model. Significantly, in premature infants with IVH, the number of neurogenic cortical progenitor cells was reduced compared with infants without IVH, indicating acutely decreased neurogenesis. This finding was corroborated in the rabbit IVH model, which further demonstrated reduction of upper layer cortical neurons after longer survival. Both the acute reduction of neurogenic progenitors, and the subsequent decrease of upper layer neurons, were rescued by treatment with AR-A014418, a specific inhibitor of GSK3β. Together, these results indicate that IVH impairs late stages of cortical neurogenesis, and suggest that treatment with GSK3β inhibitors may enhance neurodevelopment in premature infants with IVH.
Postinfarction right ventricular wall dissection with left-to-right shunting
Authors: Okamura Homare , Arakawa Mamoru , Takeuchi Taro , Adachi Hideo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ventricular septal rupture is an uncommon fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction. In rare cases, the rupture can extend into the right ventricular free wall and cause intramyocardial dissection. We describe the case of a patient who developed postinfarction right ventricular free wall dissection with left-to-right shunting and successfully underwent patch repair.
Intrafamilial Transmission of Parechovirus A and Enteroviruses in Neonates and Young Infants
Authors: Izumita Ryohei , Deuchi Kazuki , Aizawa Yuta , Habuka Rie , Watanabe Kanako , Otsuka Taketo , Saitoh Akihiko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Parechovirus A (PeV-A) is an important cause of sepsis and meningoencephalitis in neonates and young infants. Thus, identifying the source of PeV-A is essential for prevention; however, little is known regarding the spread of PeV-A among family members of PeV-A–infected neonates and young infants.

Methods
In this prospective study, we evaluated stool samples from family members of PeV-A–infected neonates and infants younger than 4 months who presented with sepsis, meningoencephalitis, or both in Niigata, Japan, in 2016. Because of a simultaneous outbreak, enteroviruses (EVs) were also evaluated during this period. Real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by sequence analysis was used for viral diagnosis using serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples.

Results
Among 54 febrile patients, the stool samples of 14 (26%) and 12 (22%) patients tested positive for PeV-A and EV, respectively. Stool samples from 54 family members (38 adults and 16 children) of 12 PeV-A–infected patients were available. The rate of PeV-A positivity in these samples was higher among the children (88% [14 of 16]) than the adults (34% [13 of 38]). Among family members with a PeV-A–positive stool sample, 29% (4 of 14) of the children and 77% (10 of 13) of the adults were asymptomatic. Similarly, among 53 stool samples from family members (31 adults and 22 children) of 11 EV-infected patients, the rate of EV positivity in the stool samples was higher among the children (91% [20 of 22]) than among the adults (42% [13 of 31]). The asymptomatic-patient rates were 45% (9 of 20) among the children and 85% (11 of 13) among the adults in family members with EV-positive stool.

Conclusions
Similar to EVs, PeV-A was detected frequently in stool samples from family members of PeV-A–infected patients. Among family members with PeV-A–positive stool, adults were more likely than children to be asymptomatic and therefore could be an important source of PeV-A infection.
From Recipients of Aid to Shapers of Policies: Conceptualizing Government–United Nations Relations during the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Lebanon
Authors: Geha Carmen , Talhouk Joumana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article explores the influence of national politics on shaping responses to refugee crises in the Middle East. The article focuses on the case of Lebanon, typically described as a weak or failed state, to explain the progression of policies the Lebanese government used to respond to the Syrian refugee crisis. By using qualitative data from interviews with political officials, the article conceptualizes the change in relations between the Lebanese government and United Nations agencies as evidence of a progression in policies by the Lebanese government. Moving from largely a policy of no-policy, as the crisis in Syria turned into a protracted conflict, we depict Lebanon as moving from a mere recipient of aid from the United Nations to a more active player in shaping crisis response policies. The main thrust of this work is to highlight how exogenous shocks can make governments more influential in shaping United Nations agencies.
Robotic Guidance for the Insertion of Posterior Pedicle Screws: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Meyers Joshua E , Khan Asham , Pollina John 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Recent years have shown an increase in implementing robotics in surgical procedures. Utilizing robotic technology in spine surgery remains limited in comparison to other surgical fields. We present a surgical video of minimally invasive robotic-assisted insertion of posterior pedicle screws using the newest generation robotic technology (Mazor X, Mazor Robotics Ltd, Caesarea, Israel), in a 29-yr-old man who suffers from Grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 levels and severe, right-sided foraminal stenosis. The plan was to perform anterior fusion at L5-S1 using robotic guidance with posterior pedicle screw supplementation due to his extensive smoking history. This technology has two distinct registration methods: (1) using a preoperative thin-cut computed tomography (CT) scan to create a surgical plan for screw placement; and (2) scan-and-plan using intraoperative 3-dimensional (3D) imaging to create a plan in real-time intraoperatively. We present the scan-and-plan technique. The widely used freehand technique allows the surgeon to manually direct tools and implants relying on the 6-degrees-of-freedom of the human arm. When Mazor X robotic technology is utilized, a pilot hole is drilled through a cannula docked to the bone above the entry point, which provides the surgeon with a planned trajectory and eliminates 4 of 6-degrees-of-freedom (up/down and yaw remain). This provides increased multidimensional control and reduces reliance on hand-eye coordination with simultaneous concentration on the imaging, potentially leading to increased rates of accuracy and reduction in severe complications of misplaced screws. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of this technology.
Patient consent was obtained prior to performing the procedure. Institutional board review approval is not required for the report of a single case at the University at Buffalo.
Be Wary of Those Who Ask: A Randomized Experiment on the Size and Determinants of the Enumerator Effect
Authors: Di Maio Michele , Fiala Nathan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring survey data collection, respondents’ answers may be influenced by the behavior and characteristics of the enumerator, the so-called enumerator effect. Using a large-scale experiment in Uganda in which the study randomly pairs enumerators and respondents, the study explores for which types of questions the enumerator effect may exist. It is found that the enumerator effect is minimal in many questions, but is large for political preference questions, for which it can account for over 30 percent of the variation in responses. The study then explores which enumerator characteristics, and which of their combination with respondent characteristics, could account for this effect. Finally, the conclusion provides some practical suggestions on how to minimize enumerator effects, and potential bias, in various types of data collections.