bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Powers in PowerPoint: Embedded Authorities, Documentary Tastes, and Institutional (Second) Orders in Corporate Korea
Authors: Prentice Michael M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTMicrosoft PowerPoint is both the bane and banality of contemporary South Korean office work. Corporate workers spend countless hours refining and crafting plans, proposals, and reports in PowerPoint that often lead to conflicts with coworkers and overtime work. This article theorizes the excessive attention to documents in modern office contexts. Where scholars have been under the impression that institutional documents align with institutional purposes, I describe a context in which making documents for individual purposes and making them for work exist under a basic tension. Based on fieldwork in corporate Korea between 2013 and 2015, I describe how Korean office workers calibrate documents to the tastes of superiors who populate the managerial chain. These practices leave little trace of real “work” on paper, but they are productive for navigating complex internal labor markets and demonstrating a higher order value of attention toward others. These findings suggest that institutional and individual authorities are not competing projects inside organizations but become entangled in increasingly complex participatory encounters, even as they are channeled through a seemingly simple software like PowerPoint. [documents, expertise, authority, technology, South Korea]
In commemoration of the 2018 Mataro Nagayo Prize: A road to early diagnosis and monitoring of asbestos‐related mesothelioma
Authors: Hino Okio , Abe Masaaki , Han Bo , Yan Yan 
Published: March 2019

Primarily caused by exposure to asbestos, mesothelioma is a typical occupational disease. The latency of mesothelioma is as long as 20‐40 years, and the cancer initially progresses mainly along the surfaces of pleura or peritoneum without forming masses. As symptoms do not develop until late stages, it has been challenging to diagnose this disease in its early stages and to carry out complete surgical removal. In responding to Japan's asbestos crisis in the mid‐2000s, we have developed and improved ERC/MSLN‐based serum and radiological markers and pioneered the use of an N‐ERC ELISA kit for screening populations at risk for asbestos exposure. In the present article, we review our research toward early diagnosis of asbestos‐related mesothelioma before symptoms develop and share our clinical experience of screening, diagnosing and monitoring of this disease. This paper is dedicated to the author (Dr Okio Hino) to commemorate the honor bestowed upon him as the recipient of the Mataro Nagayo Prize in 2018.
Tolerability and efficacy of durvalumab in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Fujiwara Yutaka , Iguchi Haruo , Yamamoto Noboru , Hayama Manabu , Nii Masahiro , Ueda Shinya , Komuro Keiko , Sugimoto Mariko , Vlahovic Gordana , Kozuki Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2019

Blockade of programmed cell death ligand‐1 with durvalumab has shown efficacy and safety in large, international studies of patients with advanced solid tumors. A phase 1, non‐randomized, open‐label multicenter study was initiated to evaluate durvalumab in a Japanese population. The first part of this study used a standard 3 + 3 dose‐escalation design to determine the optimal dosing schedule of durvalumab. Primary objective was evaluation of safety and tolerability of durvalumab monotherapy. Secondary objectives were to evaluate maximum tolerated dose (MTD), immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy. Twenty‐two patients (median age, 61.5 years; range, 41‐76; 64% male) received durvalumab at doses of 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks (q2w), 15 mg/kg q3w, or 20 mg/kg q4w. Twenty patients discontinued before completing 12 months of treatment as a result of progressive disease and two due to adverse events (AE). The most common treatment‐related AE (trAE) were rash (18%) and pruritus (14%); two patients had grade ≥3 trAE including one patient each with hyponatremia and hypothyroidism. No patient experienced a dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) during the DLT evaluation period and the MTD was not identified. There were no AE leading to a fatal outcome during study treatment. Durvalumab showed dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics across the 1‐20 mg/kg dose range; incidence of positive titers for antidrug antibodies was 9%. One patient with lung cancer had a partial response and disease control rate at 12 weeks was 36%. In conclusion, durvalumab at the doses and regimens evaluated was safe and well tolerated in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.
Healthcare professionals as gatekeepers in research involving refugee survivors of sexual torture: An examination of the ethical issues
Authors: Dehghan Roghieh , Wilson James 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the ethical issues that arise when healthcare providers act as gatekeepers to research involving vulnerable populations. Traumatised refugees serve as an example of this subset of research participants. Highlighting the particular vulnerabilities of this group, we argue that specific ethical considerations are required that go beyond the conventional research approaches. While gatekeeping responds to some of those vulnerabilities, it risks wronging through unwarranted paternalism. Instead, we will propose that a relational ethics of justice and care serves as a more appropriate framework for responding to the challenges of research involving traumatised refugees. Specifically, such a framework allows us to reflect more deeply on the role of the gatekeeper. In conclusion, we recommend that clinicians and researchers collaborate with survivors’ advisory groups in the development of specific research ethical guidelines.
Lower rates of hypoglycaemia in older individuals with type 2 diabetes using insulin degludec versus insulin glargine U100: Results from SWITCH 2
Authors: Heller Simon R. , DeVries J. Hans , Wysham Carol , Hansen Charlotte T. , Hansen Melissa V. , Frier Brian M. 
Published: March 2019

AimThis study aimed to investigate the safety of insulin degludec (degludec) in relation to age and risk of hypoglycaemia post hoc in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (SWITCH 2 trial).MethodsIn this crossover study, individuals with T2D who were at risk of hypoglycaemia were randomized to double‐blind treatment with degludec or insulin glargine 100 units/mL (glargine U100) ± oral antidiabetic drugs. After 32 weeks, patients crossed over to the other treatment. Primary endpoint was number of overall severe (positively adjudicated) or glucose‐confirmed (plasma glucose <56 mg/dL; 3.1 mmol/L) symptomatic hypoglycaemia events during the two 16‐week maintenance periods.ResultsFor individuals ≤65 (n = 450) and >65 (n = 270) years, baseline median (range) duration of diabetes was 12 (1–40) vs 15 (1–54) years, mean HbA1c was 7.7% vs 7.4% and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 87.0 vs 63.7 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. No significant differences in HbA1c reduction were seen in individuals ≤65 or >65 years. During both maintenance periods, treatment with degludec lowered rates of hypoglycaemia (overall/nocturnal symptomatic) vs those with glargine U100 in individuals ≤65 (31% vs 43%) and >65 (30% vs 41%) years. With degludec and glargine U100, respectively, six vs nine severe hypoglycaemic events occurred in individuals ≤65 years and four vs eight events occurred in those >65 years. Adverse event rates were 3.2 and 3.3 events/patient‐year for individuals ≤65 years and were 3.5 and 4.1 events/patient‐year for individuals >65 years with degludec and glargine U100, respectively.ConclusionTreatment with degludec was safe and effective, with a frequency of hypoglycaemia lower than that with glargine U100 in both younger and older individuals (>65 years) with T2D.
A weighting method to improve habitat association analysis: tested on British carabids
Authors: Chetcuti Jordan , Kunin William E. , Bullock James M. 
Published: March 2019

Analysis of species’ habitat associations is important for biodiversity conservation and spatial ecology. The original phi coefficient of association is a simple method that gives both positive and negative associations of individual species with habitats. The method originates in assessing the association of plant species with habitats, sampled by quadrats. Using this method for mobile animals creates problems as records often have imprecise locations, and would require either using only records related to a single habitat or arbitrarily choosing a single habitat to assign.We propose and test a new weighted version of the index that retains more records, which improves association estimates and allows assessment of more species. It weights habitats that lie within the area covered by the species record with their certainty level, in our case study, the proportion of the grid cell covered by that habitat.We used carabid beetle data from the National Biodiversity Network atlas and CEH Land Cover Map 2015 across Great Britain to compare the original method with the weighted version. We used presence‐only data, assigning species absences using a threshold based on the number of other species found at a location, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of this threshold. Qualitative descriptions of habitat associations were used as independent validation data.The weighted index allowed the analysis of 52 additional species (19% more) and gave results with as few as 50 records. For the species we could analyse using both indices, the weighted index explained 70% of the qualitative validation data compared to 68% for the original, indicating no accuracy loss.The weighted phi coefficient of association provides an improved method for habitat analysis giving information on preferred and avoided habitats for mobile species that have limited records, and can be used in modelling and analysis that directs conservation policy and practice.
Testimony, epistemic egoism, and epistemic credit
Authors: Kawall Jason 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is generally acknowledged that testifiers can play a central role in the production of knowledge and other valuable epistemic states in others. But does such a role warrant any form of epistemic credit and is an agent more successful qua epistemic agent insofar as she is a successful testifier? I here propose an affirmative answer to both questions. The core of the current paper consists in a sustained defense of this proposal against a series of objections. I further argue that the proposal allows us to recognize an important additional epistemic harm that arises in cases of testimonial injustice beyond those described by Miranda Fricker. Finally, I conclude by distinguishing between four kinds of credit—distinctions that allow us to avoid inappropriately attributing epistemic credit in problematic cases. If the current proposal is correct, our understanding of successful epistemic agents needs to be significantly modified in order to take into account their role in producing epistemically valuable states in others.
Seeds tend to disperse further in the tropics
Authors: Chen Si‐Chong , Tamme Riin , Thomson Fiona J. , Moles Angela T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite the importance of seed dispersal in a plant's life cycle, global patterns in seed dispersal distance have seldom been studied. This paper presents the first geographically and taxonomically broad quantification of the latitudinal gradient in seed dispersal distance. Although there is substantial variation in the seed dispersal distances of different species at a given latitude, seeds disperse on average more than an order of magnitude further at the equator than towards the poles. This pattern is partially explained by plant life‐history traits that simultaneously associate with seed dispersal distance and latitude, including dispersal mode and plant height. The extended seed shadow of tropical plants could increase the distance between conspecific individuals. This could facilitate species coexistence and contribute to the maintenance of high plant diversity in tropical communities. The latitudinal gradient in dispersal distance also has implications for species’ persistence in the face of habitat fragmentation and climate change.
Refinement of the Micro‐Distillation Technique for Isotopic Analysis of Geological Samples with pg‐Level Osmium Contents
Authors: Nakanishi Nao , Yokoyama Tetsuya , Ishikawa Akira 
Published: March 2019

In recent years, the 187Re–187Os isotope system has been increasingly used to study samples containing very small quantities of Os. For such samples, optimisation of measurement procedures is essential to minimise the loss of Os before mass spectrometric measurements. Micro‐distillation is a necessary purification step that is applied after the main Os chemical separation procedure, prior to Os isotope ratio measurements by negative‐thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (N‐TIMS). However, unlike the other separation steps, this procedure has not yet been optimised for small samples. In this study, we present a refined micro‐distillation method that achieved higher yields and allowed high‐precision R(187Os/188Os) expressed as 187Os/188Os measurements for small‐sized geological samples that contain only a few pg Os. The Os recovery in the micro‐distillation step was tested by changing the operating conditions including heating time and temperature, and amounts of oxidant and reductant. Recoveries were measured by the isotope dilution ICP‐MS method after the addition of 190Os‐enriched spike solution. We found that the most critical factor controlling the chemical yield of Os during micro‐distillation is the extent of dilution of the reductant (HBr) by H2O evaporated from the oxidant. A refined micro‐distillation method, in which the amount of oxidant solution is reduced from the conventional method, achieved an improved chemical yield of Os (~ 90%). This refined method was applied to the measurement of 187Os/188Os by N‐TIMS of varying test portions of the geological reference material BIR‐1a. The resulting 187Os/188Os ratios of BIR‐1a matched the literature data, with propagated uncertainties of 0.2, 1.1 and 11% digested sample quantities containing 150, 10 and 1 pg of Os, respectively.
Effect of milling on the anisotropic grain growth in a sintered Ba5Nb4O15 specimen and its effect on microwave dielectric properties
Authors: Tsao Chung‐Ya , Tuan Wei‐Hsing , Feng Kuei‐Chih 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, relationships between the processing, microstructure, and properties of barium niobate (Ba5Nb4O15) are investigated. The milling of a Ba5Nb4O15 powder in water is effective with respect to size reduction. However, after milling in water, BaCO3 is formed within the slurry. With the increase in the amount of BaCO3 formed, the aspect ratio of the elongated Ba5Nb4O15 grains increases. The formation of the elongated Ba5Nb4O15 grains prohibits the densification. Hence, the microwave dielectric properties, including permittivity and quality factor, are poor because of the low density. In addition, milling in ethanol is carried out for comparison: A lower amount of BaCO3 is formed after milling in ethanol; the extent of anisotropic grain growth is thus reduced.
Dermatology inpatient consultations in Latin America: 3‐year experience in our University Hospital setting
Authors: Chavez‐Alvarez Sonia , Herz‐Ruelas Maira , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Ayala‐Cortes Ana S. , Gomez‐Flores Minerva 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundDermatology patients are mostly seen in outpatient clinics; however, there is a significant need for consultations within the hospital setting.MethodsHere we describe the hospital consultations received by the Dermatology Service during a 3‐year period.ResultsMost of the requested consultations came from the Internal Medicine Department and the surgical departments. The most common encountered dermatoses were drug eruptions and adnexal diseases, followed by viral dermatoses.ConclusionsIn hospital dermatology may pose a challenge for other clinicians; therefore, dermatologists should be adequately trained to confront a wide variety of clinical scenarios.
Dermatological manifestations in patients with human T‐cell lymphotropic virus at a reference service in Amazon
Authors: Andrade de Sousa Brena , dos Santos Laisa V. , Oliveira Tamires R. , Dias Aline L. , Araújo da Costa Carlos , Medeiros Sousa Rita C. , de Sousa Maisa S. , Xavier Marília B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals infected with the human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) commonly present skin lesions, which may be a warning sign for the diagnosis of infection. This study describes the most prevalent skin manifestations in HTLV carriers attended at the clinic of Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT) of the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) in Belém, Pará, Brazil.MethodsThis is a study of a series of cases of patients infected with human T‐cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV‐1/2) treated at NMT UFPA between 1999 and 2016. A descriptive analysis of data was applied.ResultsAmong 788 surveyed medical records in the service, 15.10% (n = 119) were referred to the dermatology clinic. From the series of cases that presented with skin lesions, 66.39% were female and 33.61% were male, and the average age of this group was 48 years. There was a predominance of patients with noninfectious inflammatory manifestations (64.2%), followed by infectious ones (24.6%), and 1.58% with lymphoproliferative diseases. As for the group of lesions, 45.26% of the erythematous‐squamous type were observed, followed by dyschromia (24.21%), and eczematous (14.74%). One patient with a diagnosis of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, another with parapsoriasis, and four with infective dermatitis are highlighted.ConclusionSkin disorders in the HLTV positive patient are important causes of referral to the dermatologist with etiological and skin lesions groups diversity. In the series of cases studied, lymphoproliferatives diseases and infective dermatitis associated with HTLV‐1 were presented as a challenge for the diagnosis and clinical management of these patients.
Time to acute stroke treatment in‐hours was more than halved after the introduction of the Helsinki Model at Westmead Hospital
Authors: Silsby Matthew , Duma Stephen R. , Fois Alessandro F. , Yin Y. W. Katie , Koryzna Joanna , Mahant Neil , Evans Andrew , Fung Victor S. C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundManagement of acute ischaemic stroke is time critical. Reducing time to treatment with thrombolysis is strongly associated with improved outcomes in properly selected patients. However, there are barriers to ensuring timely treatment in the hospital setting.AimTo determine if simple, no‐cost protocol changes could improve time to treatment for acute ischaemic stroke at a busy tertiary hospital.MethodsProspectively collected routine clinical data were compared retrospectively before and after a protocol change designed to mirror the successful model from Helsinki University Central Hospital. Consecutive patients who activated a ‘code stroke’ (presentation consistent with acute stroke, eligible for acute stroke therapy) during working hours were included.ResultsPrior to the protocol change, 143 patients activated a code stroke, and 30 patients received thrombolysis. Following the protocol change, 134 patients activated a code stroke, and 14 patients received thrombolysis. The median time to administer thrombolysis was reduced from 76 min (interquartile range 54–91) to 33 min (27–44), P < 0.01. The median time to perform diagnostic computed tomography was unchanged between the two groups, 23 (14–54) min versus 22 (9–49) min, P = 0.12. However, this was reduced on subgroup analysis of patients whose arrival was pre‐notified by the ambulance service, 16 (9–22) min versus 8 (4–14) min, P < 0.01.ConclusionTime to treatment in acute stroke was dramatically improved with a simple intervention. This was achieved without a large stroke team or additional funding, making it highly accessible to other health services also seeking to improve their stroke service.
Pace capture and adenosine triphosphate provocation are complementary rather than mutually exclusive methods to ensure durable pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Zeng Li‐Jun , Shi Liang , Tian Ying , Wang Yan‐Jiang , Yin Xian‐Dong , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Yang Xin‐Chun , Liu Xing‐Peng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionAdenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐provoked dormant conduction (DC) and pacing for unexcitability are used to identify conduction gaps along the ablation lines after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI). We aim to determine whether ATP provocation and pacing are interchangeable as endpoints for ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF).Methods and ResultsA total of 107 patients with PAF were randomly divided into two groups after completion of CPVI. In group I (A‐P group, n = 53), ATP was administered first. If DC was uncovered, additional ablation was performed until ATP tests were negative. Bipolar pacing along the ablation line was performed subsequently. In group II (P‐A group, n = 54), the same protocol was used, but the pacing and the ATP tests were performed in the opposite sequence. The 12‐month ablation outcomes of all patients were compared with those of a historical control group of 107 patients with PAF in whom only ATP test was performed. Regardless of which test was performed first, the other modality still identified conduction gaps. In group I, pacing maneuvers identified gaps in 49% (n = 26) of patients who had negative ATP tests. In group II, ATP tests uncovered DC in 18.5% (n = 10) of patients in whom pacing identified no gaps. After 12 months, a higher proportion of patients (91.6%) were free from atrial tachyarrhythmias compared with the historical control group (81.3%; P = 0.031).ConclusionPacing along the ablation lines and ATP provocation are complementary tests for evaluating the durability of CPVI and can lead to better long‐term outcomes when used in combination.
FAM3C‐YY1 axis is essential for TGFβ‐promoted proliferation and migration of human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells via the activation of HSF1
Authors: Yang Weili , Feng Biaoqi , Meng Yuhong , Wang Junpei , Geng Bin , Cui Qinghua , Zhang Hongquan , Yang Yang , Yang Jichun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFamily with sequence similarity three member C (FAM3C) (interleukin‐like EMT inducer [ILEI]), heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and Ying‐Yang 1 (YY1) have been independently reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. However, whether they are coordinated to trigger the development of cancer remains unknown. This study determined the role and mechanism of YY1 and HSF1 in FAM3C‐induced proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. In human MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell line, transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) up‐regulated FAM3C, HSF1 and YY1 expressions. FAM3C overexpression promoted the proliferation and migration of MDA‐MB‐231 cells with YY1 and HSF1 up‐regulation, whereas FAM3C silencing exerted the opposite effects. FAM3C inhibition repressed TGFβ‐induced HSF1 activation, and proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. YY1 was shown to directly activate HSF1 transcription to promote the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. YY1 silencing blunted FAM3C‐ and TGFβ‐triggered activation of HSF1‐Akt‐Cyclin D1 pathway, and proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Inhibition of HSF1 blocked TGFβ‐, FAM3C‐ and YY1‐induced proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. YY1 and HSF1 had little effect on FAM3C expression. Similarly, inhibition of HSF1 also blunted FAM3C‐ and TGFβ‐promoted proliferation and migration of human breast cancer BT‐549 cells. In human breast cancer tissues, FAM3C, YY1 and HSF1 protein expressions were increased. In conclusion, FAM3C activated YY1‐HSF1 signalling axis to promote the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, novel FAM3C‐YY1‐HSF1 pathway plays an important role in TGFβ‐triggered proliferation and migration of human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells.