bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethyl 6-Bromo-3-indolcarboxylate and 3-Hydroxyacetal-6-bromoindole, Novel Bromoindoles from the Sponge Pleroma menoui of the Coral Sea
Authors: Guella G. , Mancini I. , Duhet D. , Richer de Forges B. , Pietra F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The demosponge Pleroma menoui (order Lithistida, suborder Trienosina (= Desmophorina), family Pleromidae), collected in the Coral Sea south-east of Noum ea at a depth of 500 m, is proven here to contain the novel alkaloids ethyl 6-brom o-3-indolcarboxylate and 3-hydroxyacetyl-6-brom oindole.
Enzymatic Conversion of Sex Pheromones in Olfactory Hairs of the Male Silkworm Moth Antheraea polyphemus
Authors: Kasang Gerhard , Nicholls Michael , Keil Thomas , Kanaujia Sudha 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The sex pheromone compound [6,7-3H]-6,ll-hexadecadienyl acetate is enzymatically converted to its corresponding fatty alcohol, aldehyde and acid in living and homogenized olfactory hairs and in other parts of the antennae of the male silk-moth Antheraea polyphemus. The pheromone is metabolized in vitro mainly in the inner hydrophilic compartments, but scarcely in the outer hydrophobic cuticle of the olfactory hairs.
Cellular and Subcellular Localization of Peroxidase Isoenzymes in Plants and Cell Suspension Cultures from Lupinus polyphyllus
Authors: Perrey Ralf , Hauser Marie-Theres , Wink Michael 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
, leaf protoplasts and cell suspension cultures of Lupinus polyphyllus and isolated vacuoles were studied for cellular and subcellular localization of peroxidase isoenzymes. Isoelectric focusing revealed 16 peroxidase isoenzymes. The basic peroxidase isoenzymes are predominantly localized in the vacuole and, to a minor degree, unbound in the intercellular space. The acidic isoenzymes are cell wall-bound in plants and not detectable in suspension-cultured cells. Large amounts (up to 11.0 U/ml) of a single basic isoenzyme are detectable in the spent medium of cell suspension cultures.
Inhibition of de novo Fatty-Acid Biosynthesis in Isolated Chloroplasts by Different Antibiotics and Herbicides
Authors: Feld Andrea , Kobek Klaus , Lichtenthaler Hartmut K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two natural antibiotics, cerulenin and thiolactomycin, were tested for their inhibitory efficacy on de novo fatty-acid biosynthesis of chloroplasts isolated from oat and spinach seedlings and compared with that of known herbicides. With both antibiotics a strong dose-dependent inhibition of the incorporation of [l-14C]acetate into the fatty-acid fraction of the isolated plastids was detected. The l50-values for the inhibition of acetate incorporation into fatty acids are about 4 µM in the case of thiolactomycin and about 50 µM in the case of cerulenin for both mono-and dicotyledonous plants. These values are much higher than those of the particular graminicides cycloxydim and diclofop (0.15 and 0.1 µM), which were developed to control grass weeds in dicotyledonous crop cultures.
Rapid Responses of Cultured Carrot Cells and Protoplasts to an Elicitor from the Cell Wall of Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp
Authors: Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Seitz Hanns Ulrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
, Allgem eine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Auf der Morgenstelle Suspension cultured cells of an anthocyanin-containing cell line (DCb) from Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus respond very rapidly to treatment with a soluble carbohydrate elicitor from the wall of the oom ycete Pythium aphanidermatum by synthesizing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid which is incorpo­ rated into the plant cell wall. Enzym es of phenol m etabolism , phenylalanine am m onia-lyase (P A L) and chalcone synthase (C H S), respond to elicitor treatment in different ways. Both the catalytic activity of PAL and its subunit concentration, measured by means of immunoblotting, show a transient increase upon elicitation, whereas CHS the initial enzyme of the flavonoid pathway, is inhibited after administration of the elicitor. and consequently anthocyanin accum ula­ tion ceases. In protoplasts derived from the cultured cells a very similar elicitor-induced response has been observed. Lacking a cell wall, the protoplasts secrete the 4-hydroxybenzoic acid into the culture fluid. The carrot protoplasts isolated by wall degrading enzym es retain their responsive­ ness to the fungal carbohydrate elicitor. The value of the protoplast system for studying the im m ediate events following elicitor treatment is discussed.
Effects of Permeabilization on the Biotransformation of Phenylalanine by Immobilized Tobacco Cell Cultures
Authors: Berlin Jochen , Martin Bernd , Nowak Jerzy , Witte Ludger , Wray Victor , Strack Dieter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Im mobilized tobacco cells excreted only a small proportion of their main secondary metabolite caffeoylputrescine into the culture medium . Experiments designed to release more of the com ­ pound by permeabilization caused the loss of caffeoylputrescine, probably by oxidative reactions. Moreover, rather mild treatments with permeabilizing agents (e.g. n-propanol) resulted in severe growth inhibition. The ability of permeabilized cells to form caffeoylputrescine and other hy-droxycinnam oyl conjugates from phenylalanine decreased considerably even when such cells were still able to metabolize phenylalanine into various ethyl acetate extractable com pounds (e.g. hydroxycinnamic acids and acetophenones). The formation of new biotransformation products suggests that permeabilized cells could be used as a tool for testing the enzymatic capabilities of a cell culture.
A New-Type Photosystem II Inhibitor which Blocks Electron Transport in Water-Oxidation System
Authors: Koike H. , Asami T. , Yoshida S. , Takahashi N. , Inoue Y. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The mode of action of three types of conjugated enamine compounds was investigated by means of thermoluminescence measurement. Cyanoacrylate and 2-(l-ethoxyethylam inom ethylidene)- 4-dodecyl-5,5-dim ethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione (ACm12) converted the B-band (30 °C) arising from S2QB
- charge recombination to a downshifted 6 °C-band. This band was proved to be identical with the DCM U-induced Q-band (6 °C) arising from S2QA
- recombination, indicating that these two compounds block QA to QB electron transport. 3-(1-dodecylam inopropyridene)-6- methyl-2H-pyran-2,4-dione (APp12 ), on the other hand, induced an abnormal band peaking at 15 °C between the Q-band and B-band. From the gradual downshift of its peak temperature in titration experiments, this band was assigned to arise from a modified S2QB
- charge pair, in which the properties of either QB
- or S2 is altered. The 15 °C-band showed normal oscillation during the first 2 flashes, but the oscillation was interrupted thereafter. Another therm oluminescence analysis by use of post flash low temperature illumination protocol revealed that APp12 affects neither QA to QB nor QB
2- to PQ electron transport, but specifically blocks S3 to S0 transition. These results indicate that APp12 is a new-type PS II inhibitor.
Chagas' Disease and its Insect Vector. Effect of Azadirachtin A on the Interaction of a Triatomine Host (Rhodnius prolixus) and its Parasite (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Authors: Garcia E. S. , Gonzalez M. S. , Azambuja P. , Rembold H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The ED50 for moulting inhibition by injected azadirachtin A is for fourth instar larvae of all the triatomines, Triatoma vitticepes, T. pseudomaculata, T. maculata, T. brasiliensis, T. lecticularis, T. matogrossensis, T. infestans, Rhodnius prolixus, R. neglectus, R. robustus, Panstrongvlus megi-stus, and P. herrera in the range of 10-25 ng/larva. In Rhodnius prolixus, the survival of T. cruzi was studied after treatment with the drug. If the trypomastigotes were fed in presence of 1.0 (.μg aza­ dirachtin A/ml blood, the number of parasites decreased near to the limit of detection within 30 days. If the drug was applied 20 days after T. cruzi infection, it still completely abolished the parasite in the host’s gut within the subsequent 20 days. The same holds true if the insect larvae were pretreated with azadirachtin A 20 days before the subsequent infection with T. cruzi. Azadirachtin A, if applied at the dose of 1 (μg/ml, did not affect the hemolytic activity of the crop contents or the proteinase content of the intestine. A parallel between azadirachtin effects on the hormone balance of the host and growth inhibition of the parasite is discussed on the basis of the present results.
Cephalic Volatiles Identified in Workers of Mourella caerulea, a Rare Stingless Bee Recently Rediscovered in Southern Brazil
Authors: Wittmann Dieter , Lübke Günther , Francke Wittko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
From workers of Mourella caerulea, an extremely rare and primitive species of neotropical stingless bees, 101 cephalic volatiles were identified by GC/MS analyses.
Tetra-and Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Epicuticular Wax of Euphorbia cyparissias L., Euphorbiaceae
Authors: Hemmers Herbert , Gülz Paul-Gerhard , Marner Franz-Josef 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The epicuticular wax of Euphorbia cyparissias contains pentacyclic triterpenoids (34%) and primary alcohols (31%) as major com ponents. The major triterpenoids are triterpenols (23%) consisting of α-and β-amyrin, glutinol, 24-m ethylenecycloartenol and ψ-taraxasterol. The triter­ penones (10.5%) are com posed of taraxerone. a -and β-amyrinone, lupenone, glutinone, ψ-taraxasterone, β-fernenone and three further unidentified triterpenes. α-Amyrin was found esterified with hom ologous series of fatty acids. Minor components are alkanes, wax esters, aldehydes and free fatty acids.
Biochemical Identification of Sideritis serrata X S. bourgaeana Hybrids by HPLC Analyses of Flavonoids
Authors: Ferreres Federico , Tomás-Lorente Francisco , Tomás-Barberán Francisco A. , Rivera Diego 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The existence of sympatric interspecific hybrids of Sideritis serrata Cav. ex Lag. and S. bou r­ gaeana Boiss. Reut, has been shown by HPLC analysis of the flavonoid glycosides accumulated in the cell sap, and by the methylated flavonoid aglycones exudated by the plants and deposited onto the plant surfaces. The hybrids tend to produce in a single plant the compounds characteristic of the parental taxa. This “complementation” effect in the hybrids permitted relatively easy detec­tion of F1 hybrids. Generally, there was a close correlation between the biochemical results and a morphological analysis which used the Anderson’s index, although a specimen which morphologi­cally was a hybrid, showed a flavonoid pattern as S. bourgaeana. The external flavonoids analysis has revealed that the activity of sideritoflavone O -methyltransferases is much more important in S. serrata than in S. bourgaeana, while the hybrids show intermediate values. M oreover, S. bour­gaeana accumulates sideritoflavone 3′-m ethylether whereas S. serrata accum ulates the 4′-methylether. The hybrids produce both com pounds in similar amounts. In this study, external flavonoids have proved more useful than vacuolar flavonoid glycosides in the biochemical documentation of hybridization. This is probably due to the fact that methylated flavonoid aglycones are physiologi­cally more stable as they are externally located and therefore preserved from the action of enzymes.
Soluble and Particulate Porphobilinogen-Deaminase from Dark-Grown Euglena gracilis
Authors: Rossetti M. V. , Juknat A. A. , Batlle A. M. del C. 
Published: August 2018

A highly efficient method employing NaSCN as a chaotropic agent was used to dissociate the membrane-bound porphobilinogen-deaminase.
The same sequence of steps was applied for purifying both soluble and membrane dissociated porphobilinogen-deam inase. The chromatographic behaviour of both proteins was quite similar. Euglena gracilis deam inase appears to exist in an equilibrium mixture of two active species of relative molecular masses of 40000 and 20000.
Reduction in Symptom Expression of Belladonna Mottle Virus Infection on Tobacco Plants by Boron Supply and the Antagonistic Action of Silicon
Authors: Bengsch E. , Korte F. , Polster J. , Schwenk M. , Zinkernagel V. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Boron and silicon have a dramatic influence on the expression of symptoms caused by plant virus infections. For tobacco plants, boron decreases and silicon enhances symptom expression after belladonna mottle virus infection. Infected leaf tissues are highly enriched on both trace elements. Boron supply stimulates the silicon accumulation. In the applied concentrations the trace elements have no phytotoxic effects on the host. Except endogeneous β-interferones, this could be the first example of antiviral action without any cytotoxicity.
Singlet Oxygen Mediated Photobinding of 8-Methoxypsoralen to DNA and Genotoxicity in E. coli
Authors: Henegouwen Gerard M. J. Beijersbergen van , Wijn Edith T. , Schoonderwoerd Simon A. , Vries Henk de , Dall’Acqua Francesco 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Although oxygen dependent photoreactions of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) are known, damage to DNA is mostly considered to proceed via photocycloaddition to this biomacromolecule. In this study the survival of colony forming ability of E. coli K 12/343, which is deficient in DNA-repair capability, appeared to be lower in D2O than in H2O after exposure to the combination of 8-MOP and UV-A . Photobinding to bacterial DNA was ∼40% higher in D2O than in H2O. How ever this last difference was found only when the bacteria were kept in the reaction medium for 1 h at 37 °C after the irradiation was stopped and not when they were plated out immediately afterwards. The results indicate that in this bacterial test system 1O2 mediated photobinding of 8-MOP to DNA contributes to the genotoxic effect observed.
Adenylate Kinase from Maize Leaves: True Substrates, Inhibition by P1 , P5-di(adenosine-5′) pentaphosphate and Kinetic Mechanism
Authors: Kleczkowski Leszek A. , Randall Douglas D. , Zahler Warren L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Purified maize leaf adenylate kinase (AK) was shown to use one molecule each of free ADP and Mg-ADP as well as free AM P and Mg-ATP as substrates in the forward and reverse reaction, respectively. This was deduced from substrate kinetic studies which were carried out under conditions of strictly defined concentrations of free and Mg-complexed adenylate species and under controlled free magnesium levels. Apparent Km values of the substrates of AK were 3 and 6 μM for ADP and Mg-ADP, respectively (forward reaction), and 69 and 25 μM for free AMP and Mg-ATP, respectively (reverse reaction). The enzyme was competitively inhibited by P1,P5-di(adenosine-5′)pentaphosphate (Ap5A), a bisubstrate analog of AK reaction, with apparent Ki values in the range of 11 -80 nM , depending on variable substrate. Substrate kinetic studies and inhibition patterns with Ap5A suggested a sequential random kinetic mechanism in both directions of the reaction. These properties of a higher plant AK are similar or analogous to those previously established for the enzyme from yeast and non-plant tissues.
Bioavailability of Iron and Cyanide from 59Fe-and 14C-Labelled Hexacyanoferrates(II) in Rats
Authors: Nielsen Peter , Dresow Bernd , Fischer Roland , Heinrich Hellmuth C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
“Soluble” (KFeIII[FeII(CN )6]) and “insoluble Prussian blue” (FeIII
4[FeII(CN)6]3 labelled with 59Fe either in the ferric (FeIII) or ferro (FeII) position and 14C in the cyanide group were synthesized and administered intraperitoneally or orally to adult female rats with normal body iron stores.
Following i.p. injection of KFe[Fe(CN)6], the colloidal complex is disintegrated into ferric iron and hexacyanoferrate(II) anion almost completely. About 96% of the ferric iron was retained in the body. Nearly 90% of both ferrous iron and cyanide were excreted with the urine within 7 days after i.p. injection, indicating that most of the undissociated hexacyanoferrate(II) anion ([Fe(CN)6]4-) was excreted through the kidney. Only 9% of the ferrous iron from [Fe(CN)6]4- was found mainly in carcass, liver and gut. As the 59Fe/14C-ratios in organs were found close to 1.0, the dissociation of the hexacyanoferrate(II) anion can only be small in vivo. No detectable 14CO2-activity (< 0.01 %) was monitored in the breath of rats after i.p. injection of the 14C-labelled KFe[Fe(CN)6], also indicating that no significant amounts of cyanide were released after parenteral administration.
After oral administration of the soluble and insoluble Prussian blue, 0 .3 -0 .7% of the ferric iron was absorbed and retained mainly in carcass, liver and blood. Only 0.06-0.18% of the ferrous iron was absorbed and mostly excreted with the urine (0.05-0.15%), so that only 0.01-0.03% of the oral ferrous 59Fe was retained in the body after 7- 10 days. Very small fractions of 14C-label from the 14CN-group of the soluble and insoluble hexacyanoferrate(II) were observed in the exhaled air (0.04-0.08% of the oral dose). From the 14CO2-exhalation, the 14Curine excretion and the distribution of iron in blood and organs it can be concluded that the hexacyanoferrate(II) moiety disintegrated only to a small extent in the intestinal tract after oral administration. From a dose of 36 mg hexacyanoferrate(II)/kg, an amount of free (non complex bound) cyanide can be calculated which is in maximum two orders of magnitude below the LD100-level. Thus, the very low bioavailability of iron and cyanide from hexacyanoferrate(II) compounds after oral application is demonstrated in rats. In the case of a severe nuclear accident, appropriate doses of “soluble” and “insoluble” Prussian blue can be used as safe and effective antidote against radiocaesium contamination.
Carbohydrate Tolerance Status in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rahman M. Ataur , Begum Hasna , Samad Abdus , Shahjehan S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Hyperglycemia is an important independent risk factor in the development of coronary artery disease. Sixty one patients suffering from chronic and acute myocardial infarction out of which 12 patients were diabetic and 10 normal control subjects were investigated. The patients without diabetes and control subjects were subjected to oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests. It was observed that the post load glucose level of most of the patients and fasting insulin level of patients without diabetes were higher as compared with control subjects. From the intravenous glucose tolerance test, half life of glucose and glucose assimilation coefficient were determined. Half life of glucose was increased significantly and glucose assimilation coefficient was decreased in the patients with myocardial infarction as compared with those of control subjects. The observations confirm that carbohydrate intolerance in myocardial infarction is not due to suppression of insulin secretion but due to peripheral utilization.
High Oleic Sunflower: Studies on Composition and Desaturation of Acyl Groups in Different Lipids and Organs
Authors: Sperling Petra , Hammer Ute , Friedt Wolfgang , Heinz Ernst 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A selection of lipids from achenes, cotyledons after germination, roots and leaves of normal and high oleic varieties of sunflower were analyzed with regard to their fatty acid profiles. The lipids included triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine as ER-made components and mono-and digalactosyl diacylglycerol as plastid-localized glycolipids. A comparison of fatty acid pat­ terns showed that the block in oleate desaturation of the high oleic variety is confined to the ER of fat accumulating embryos, but that upon germination the oleate desaturation in the cotyledonary ER is rapidly derepressed. These data are supported by enzymatic experiments. In microsomes from maturing fruits of the high oleic variety oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine desaturase could not be detected, whereas o leoyl-CoA : lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and components of the microsomal electron transport chains were not affected. A correlation in the expression of desaturation blocks in seed and root fatty acids as observed in mutants of other species was not observed which, therefore, cannot be generalized. Our data are discussed in terms of the existence of two ER-specific oleate desaturase activities.
Light-Induced Oxidation-Reduction Reactions of Photosystem II in Dichlorophenyl-dimethyl Urea (DCM U) Inhibited Thylakoids
Authors: Nemson Jeff A. , Melis Anastasios 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Illumination of thylakoid membranes in the presence of 3-(3′,4′-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU) causes the reduction of the primary quinone acceptor QA of photosystem II (PS II) and the storage of a positive charge on the donor side of the photochemical reaction center. These oxidation-reduction reactions are accompanied by characteristic changes of absorbance in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum. The PS II-related absorbance difference spectra (250 -350 nm) were compared in control and hydroxylamine-treated thylakoid membranes, and in thylakoids suspended in the presence of carbonyl cyanide-p-(trifluoromethoxy)- phenylhydrazone (FCCP). The light minus dark difference spectra were dominated by the Q-
A minus QA difference spectrum. Qualitatively, the three spectra were identical in the 300 - 350 nm region, however, they showed distinct differences in the 250 - 300 nm region. The latter arose because of different contributions from the donor side of PS II in the thylakoid membrane of the three samples. The result suggested that FCCP acts as the ultimate electron donor in DCMU - poisoned chloroplasts. Therefore, the absorbance difference spectrum in the presence of FCCP reflected a contribution from the Q-
A minus QA component only. Deconvolution of the absorbance difference spectra of control and hydroxylamine-treated thylakoids yielded difference spectra attributed to the oxidation of a component on the donor side of PS II. This component did not conform with the known Mn(III) → Mn(IV) transition. Rather, it indicated the oxidation of a modified form of Mn in the presence of DCMU , probably a Mn(II) → Mn(III) transition. The results are discussed in terms of the use of DCMU - poisoned thylakoid membranes in the quantitation of the primary quinone acceptor QA by spectrophotometric approaches.
X-Ray and Fluorescence Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers. IX. Interactions with Pentachlorophenol
Authors: Suwalsky M. , Espinoza M. A. , Bagnara M. , Sotomayor C. P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widely used and highly toxic fungicide. Its toxicity is mainly expressed at the cell membrane level. It is, therefore, of interest to test its ability to alter the lipid bilayer organization. The present study was performed by X-ray diffraction techniques on dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers and by fluorescence on DMPC liposomes. These two phospholipids are respectively found at the inner and outer monolayers of human erythrocyte membranes. Each type of phospholipid was made to interact with different concentrations of the sodium form of PCP in absence and in presence of water. It was found that PCP significatively affected the structure of both phospholipids, being the damage much higher in DM PC bilayers.