bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Disclosure of Intimate Partner Violence among Female Patients Availing Services at Tertiary Care Psychiatric Hospitals: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Vranda Mysore Narasimha , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Muralidhar D. , Janardhana N. , Sivakumar P. T. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV)/domestic violence is one of the significant public health problems, but little is known about the barriers to disclosure in tertiary care psychiatric settings. Methodology: One hundred women seeking inpatient or outpatient services at a tertiary care psychiatric setting were recruited for study using purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview was administered to collect the information from women with mental illness experiencing IPV to know about their help-seeking behaviors, reasons for disclosure/nondisclosure of IPV, perceived feelings experienced after reporting IPV, and help received from the mental health professionals (MHPs) following the disclosure of violence. Results: The data revealed that at the patient level, majority of the women chose to conceal their abuse from the mental health-care professionals, fearing retaliation from their partners if they get to know about the disclosure of violence. At the professional level, lack of privacy was another important barrier for nondisclosure where women reported that MHPs discussed the abuse in the presence of their violent partners. Conclusion: The findings of the study brought out the need for mandatory screening of violence and designing tailor-made multicomponent interventions for mental health care professionals at psychiatric setting in India.
Arterial Dissection Following the Use of Remote Aspiration Thrombectomy
Authors: Kilburg Craig , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Park Min S. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTRemote aspiration thrombectomy using a balloon guide catheter for acute carotid artery occlusion has been proposed as a safe and effective technique. We present a case of iatrogenic arterial dissection of the distal cervical segment in a patient with proximal vessel occlusion who underwent attempted revascularization using this strategy. A 57-year-old male patient presented with computed tomography (CT) angiogram evidence of a left carotid terminus and M1 segment occlusion. The patient was taken emergently for mechanical thrombectomy. Remote aspiration thrombectomy was attempted twice using manual aspiration through a balloon guide catheter in the common carotid artery; however, this resulted in minimal recanalization of the carotid terminus and a new iatrogenic dissection within the internal carotid artery (ICA) just proximal to the skull base. Despite multiple additional attempts at mechanical thrombectomy, only limited recanalization of the ICA terminus and anterior cerebral artery distribution was achieved, with no significant flow past the M1 segment. After the procedure, a large ischemic territory within the left middle cerebral artery distribution consistent with the continued M1 segment occlusion was apparent on CT. The patient died on the poststroke day 6. Although remote aspiration thrombectomy for thromboemboli in this location has potential benefits, it should be used cautiously given the potential risk of injury to the proximal vasculature.
Clinicopathologic Features and Early Surgical Outcome of Astrocytomas in Eldoret, Kenya
Authors: Mwita Clifford C. , Koech Florentius , Sisenda Titus , Patel Kirtika , Macharia Benson , Rahangdale Devendra 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Astrocytomas are primary central nervous system tumors arising from astrocytes and accounting for up to 37.8% of all brain tumors seen in hospital-based studies from Africa. Despite being common, their patterns and short-term outcomes remain poorly studied in Kenya. Materials and Methods: A prospective, descriptive study involving consecutive patients with a histological diagnosis of astrocytoma seen in three hospitals located in Eldoret, Kenya. Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes were recorded and patients followed up for 12 weeks. Results: Thirty-one patients were recruited over a 1-year period. Majority of them were female (51.6%). Headache (83.9%) and focal neurological deficits (64.5%) were the most common presenting features. Among patients with high-grade tumors, mean duration of illness was 106.03 ± 162.16 days, median functional status was Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score 50, mean tumor size was 110.22 ± 46.16 cm3, and median magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score was 17. Among patients with low-grade astrocytomas, mean duration of illness was 213.03 ± 344.93 days, median functional status was KPS score 40, mean tumor size was 53.49 ± 54.96 cm3 and median MRI score was 9. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (71%) and diffuse astrocytoma (22.6%) were the predominant histological subtypes. The median Ki-67 proliferative index was 6% for pilocytic astrocytoma, 1.6% for diffuse astrocytoma, and 60% for GBM. Systemic and regional surgical complications occurred in 6.5% and 38.7% of patients, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 19.4% and increased to 25.8% at 12 weeks. The KPS score at discharge was 50 and improved to 60 at 12 weeks. Only 9.7% of patients had acceptable functional status at 12 weeks follow-up. Conclusions: In this locality, headache, focal neurological deficits, and reduced functional status are the most common presenting features of astrocytomas while GBM is the most common histological subtype. Tumors are highly proliferative and in the short-term, both surgical and functional outcome are suboptimal.
Anatomical Variations of the Temporomesial Structures in Normal Adult Brain - A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Parmar Suresh Kumar , Pruthi Nupur , Ravindranath Roopa , Ravindranath Yogitha , Somanna Sampath , Philip Mariamma 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Despite significant evolutional, functional, and clinical interest, the anatomical variations of the temporomesial structures in cadaveric samples have received little attention. This study was undertaken to document the anatomical variations observed in the temporal lobe of human brain with emphasis on the structures present in temporomesial region. Materials and Methods: Using 26 postmortem cadaveric cerebral hemispheres (13 right and 13 left hemispheres), several neurosurgically significant mesial structures were studied by blunt dissection under the operating microscope. The observed surface-based qualitative variations and right-left asymmetries were tabulated under well-defined, moderately defined, and ill-defined classification. Results: Among the areas, uncus (100%), limen insulae (88.4%), rhinal sulcus and hippocampus (81%), intralimbic gyrus (77%), Heschl's gyrus (73%), gyrus ambiens, semilunar gyrus, sulcus semiannularis, and calcar avis (69.2%) were well defined, and band of Giacomini (38.4%) was found to be distinctly ill-defined areas in the list. Further, our analysis confirmed the presence of consistent left-greater-than-right asymmetry in all the areas of interest in temporal region under well-defined category. Rightward asymmetry was noticed in moderately defined and ill-defined classification. However, no asymmetry was detected in the uncal region. P value for all the obtained results was >0.05. Conclusion: Our study offers a preliminary anatomic foundation toward the better understanding of temporal lobe structures. These variations may prove valuable to neurosurgeons when designing the appropriate and least traumatic surgical approaches in operating the temporomesial lesions.
Differentiation between metastatic and tumour-free cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma by grey-scale sonographic texture analysis
Authors: Ardakani Ali Abbasian , Rasekhi Alireza , Mohammadi Afshin , Motevalian Ebrahim , Najafabad Bahareh Khalili 
Published: July 2018

PurposePapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer, and cervical lymph nodes (LNs) are the most common extrathyroid metastatic involvement. Early detection and reliable diagnosis of LNs can lead to improved cure rates and management costs. This study explored the potential of texture analysis for texture-based classification of tumour-free and metastatic cervical LNs of PTC in ultrasound imaging.Material and methodsA total of 274 LNs (137 tumour-free and 137 metastatic) were explored using the texture analysis (TA) method. Up to 300 features were extracted for texture analysis in three normalisations (default, 3sigma, and 1-99%). Linear discriminant analysis was employed to transform raw data to lower-dimensional spaces and increase discriminative power. The features were classified by the first nearest neighbour classifier.ResultsNormalisation reflected improvement on the performance of the classifier; hence, the features under 3sigma normalisation schemes through FFPA (fusion Fisher plus the probability of classification error [POE] + average correlation coefficients [ACC]) features indicated high performance in classifying tumour-free and metastatic LNs with a sensitivity of 99.27%, specificity of 98.54%, accuracy of 98.90%, positive predictive value of 98.55%, and negative predictive value of 99.26%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.996.ConclusionsTA was determined to be a reliable method with the potential for characterisation. This method can be applied by physicians to differentiate between tumour-free and metastatic LNs in patients with PTC in conventional ultrasound imaging.
Hybrid Threats and Warfare, Are we Really Facing Something New?
Authors: Królikowski Hubert 
Published: July 2018

Since 2014 the term hybrid warfare and threats has become catchword. This term (hybrid warfare) was introduced to academic discourse by William J. Nemeth in 2002 in relation to the wars in Chechnya and popularised in 2006 by Frank G. Hoffman in relation, among other things, to the
second Intifada. In 2014 after the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the outbreak of fighting in eastern Ukraine, the terms hybrid war and hybrid threats were transferred from scholarly discussion to politics and official documents. The author seeks to answer the following question: is the invention of so called hybrid warfare and hybrid threats something new, or rather a confused reaction to European Union and NATO astonishment at Russian activity in the eastern and southern frontiers of Ukraine. The fact that armed conflict includes mixed elements of regular and irregular forms of armed combat, guerillas and terrorists, criminal acts, use of new technologies to conduct armed, information, psychological or economic warfare is not new. Scholars who investigate hybrid conflicts give examples of historic wars starting from the war between Rome and the Germans ( Publius Quinctilius Varus campaign in 9 AD against German tribes led by Arminius), through the war of independence in the USA, to the Chechen wars. Nowadays, greater and greater dependence on technology, information delivered in almost real time and the creation of more elaborate and complicated procedures and decisive processes in Western countries have increased the vulnerability to hostile actions other than military ones and ones that use military force.
Opportunity, Challenge, Risk and Threat — Review of Deﬁ nitions and Relations
Authors: Wiśniewski Bernard , Kaczmarczyk Barbara 
Published: July 2018

The article presents fundamental issues related to vital problems with a view to research on internal security, namely — opportunities, challenges, risks and threats. The reason for treating these phenomena in such a way is the fact that they most often occur together. It also seems important that today there is a substantial perception and awareness of opportunities, challenges, risks and threats. This can be achieved by making information and knowledge widely available. A significant source of the latter is scientific research which provides systematically improved and highly objective collections of reliable information about reality together with the methods for their skilful and effective use. The considerations presented are based on a review
of the Polish and foreign literature used in security research conducted within the framework of security sciences. It has been used to present basic identification problems and mutual relationships among opportunities, challenges, risks and threats. The analysis presented indicates a lack of uniformity in the perception of the concept of risk. Completely different is the situation with regard to identifying opportunities, challenges, risks and threats. There are here many common areas referring mainly to sources and effects. The considerations presented have made it possible to identify mutual cognitive and utilitarian relations between the subject phenomena. The conclusions of the article include a summary of the above-mentioned considerations.
Ukrainian Society and the Illicit Proliferation of Firearms as a Threat to Public Safety
Authors: Sereda Valeri , Blahuta Roman , Yosypiv Yurii , Franchuk Vasyl 
Published: July 2018

Ukrainian society is being militarised, among other things, because of the noticeable transformation of the socio-political processes. At present, one of the priorities of the Ukrainian state and society is to ensure security in important spheres of life of every human being and citizen. The areas at risk include, inter alia, constitutional rights and the freedoms of man and citizen, religious, moral, ethical, cultural, historical, intellectual and material values, informational values, as well as the constitutional system, sovereignty, territorial integrity and the inviolability of Ukraine’s borders. The article has been developed as part of an international research project: Reaction of European security entities to threats related to the use of firearms, hazardous materials
and instruments in public places ( IBiPP-4/2013/P/JT) by a team of Ukrainian authors of the Lviv State University of the Internal Affairs. The authors believe that the illegal circulation of firearms in Ukraine is currently becoming one of the most serious problems. The counter-terrorism operation (ATO) in Donbass promotes the illegal proliferation of firearms. The number of crimes and cases associated with the use of arms is increasing according to the number of armed citizens throughout the country. The state of the normative and legal regulation of firearms circulation in Ukraine is unsatisfactory, due to the lack of legislative regulations concerning their acquisition, storage, carrying and use for self-defence. According to the authors, there is a need to activate further research aimed at developing regulations and practical recommendations for the regulation of administrative and legal rights of citizens to self-defence and to use firearms. Particular attention should be paid to the transparency of the rules on the procedure for the authorisation of firearms.
Eﬀ ectiveness of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Legislation as a Determinant for Asset Conﬁ scation and Freezing Sanctions
Authors: Kurilovská Lucia , Kordík Marek 
Published: July 2018

The paper deals with a national risk assessment. The subject of the risk assessment is money laundering and terrorism financing. This is the first time it has been conducted in the Slovak republic. The contribution shows what are the decisive criteria in evaluating the national system of anti-money laundering and terrorism financing. The first variable that needs to be taken in account is measures examining the legal framework. The second variable is the institutional framework. The competency of personnel represents the third variable. The infrastructure creates
the fourth variable in order to prevent, avoid and respond to such a threat. The other variables are strongly related to the effectiveness of the sanctions. The infrastructure belongs to the other variables. The contribution deals also with data sources and lists those that should be used
as a source for further evaluation. The outcome of the NRA will be a comprehensive report.
An Analysis of the Problems of Systematisation of Forensic Examination Theory in the Light of the Doctrine on Forensic Activities
Authors: Shved Andrei 
Published: July 2018

The article considers the problems of formation of forensic examination theory with a view to the processes that currently take place in the Republic of Belarus (creation of unified expert institution, reform of legal regulation, changes in practical activities). The main obstacles to the development of a theoretical model of the forensic examination are outlined by the author. Several approaches to the understanding of forensic activities are analysed, including the general theory of forensic examination and its particular theories. It is argued that the approach to the formation of the system of particular theories on the basis of examinations’ classification is imperfect due to the lack of a uniform criterion. Various authors’ concepts which present
particular theories and other structural elements do not completely meet the requirements for consistency. As a consequence of this, the construction of the existing classifications is based on the generalisation of practice. As a result the appearance of new types of forensic examinations requires reclassification of particular theories. This construction of the system’s sections is not practicable, and the shortcomings outlined are caused by the lack of a holistic perception of forensic activities. An approach to structuring forensic activities is elaborated and proposed by the author. It can serve as a means of solving the problems of systematisation of sections and particular theories in the structure of forensic examination theory.
In Situ Nanoparticle Embedding for Authentication of Epoxy Composites
Authors: Pansare Amol V. , Khairkar Shyam R. , Shedge Amol A. , Chhatre Shraddha Y. , Patil Vishwanath R. , Nagarkar Amit A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn situ reduction of chloroauric acid inside an amine‐cured epoxy matrix leads to formation of gold nanoparticles which are embedded inside the part. This phenomenon is leveraged to design an authentication system for composites wherein the particles are embedded spatially and are invisible to the naked eye. Under UV light, the particles diffract light and create an easily visible path. The particles penetrate inside the part and create a permanent, cost‐effective, tamper‐proof code. The advantage of this technique is that this authentication system can be built in composite parts after fabrication of the composite structure. As very small amount (nanograms) of particles are present in the part, negligible change in the thermal characteristics of the parent matrix is observed. The particles can be embedded easily in carbon fiber as well as glass fiber reinforced epoxy structures.
Artificial Synapses Emulated by an Electrolyte‐Gated Tungsten‐Oxide Transistor
Authors: Yang Jing‐Ting , Ge Chen , Du Jian‐Yu , Huang He‐Yi , He Meng , Wang Can , Lu Hui‐Bin , Yang Guo‐Zhen , Jin Kui‐Juan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConsidering that the human brain uses ≈1015 synapses to operate, the development of effective artificial synapses is essential to build brain‐inspired computing systems. In biological synapses, the voltage‐gated ion channels are very important for regulating the action‐potential firing. Here, an electrolyte‐gated transistor using WO3 with a unique tunnel structure, which can emulate the ionic modulation process of biological synapses, is proposed. The transistor successfully realizes synaptic functions of both short‐term and long‐term plasticity. Short‐term plasticity is mimicked with the help of electrolyte ion dynamics under low electrical bias, whereas the long‐term plasticity is realized using proton insertion in WO3 under high electrical bias. This is a new working approach to control the transition from short‐term memory to long‐term memory using different gate voltage amplitude for artificial synapses. Other essential synaptic behaviors, such as paired pulse facilitation, the depression and potentiation of synaptic weight, as well as spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity are also implemented in this artificial synapse. These results provide a new recipe for designing synaptic electrolyte‐gated transistors through the electrostatic and electrochemical effects.
Thermoelectric Performance of IV–VI Compounds with Octahedral‐Like Coordination: A Chemical‐Bonding Perspective
Authors: Cagnoni Matteo , Führen Daniel , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThermoelectric materials provide a challenge for materials design, since they require optimization of apparently conflicting properties. The resulting complexity has favored trial‐and‐error approaches over the development of simple and predictive design rules. In this work, the thermoelectric performance of IV–VI chalcogenides on the tie line between GeSe and GeTe is investigated. From a combination of optical reflectivity and electrical transport measurements, it is experimentally proved that the outstanding performance of IV–VI compounds with octahedral‐like coordination is due to the anisotropy of the effective mass tensor of the relevant charge carriers. Such an anisotropy enables the simultaneous realization of high Seebeck coefficients, due to a large density‐of‐states effective mass, and high electrical conductivity, caused by a small conductivity effective mass. This behavior is associated to a unique bonding mechanism by means of a tight‐binding model, which relates band structure and bond energies; tuning the latter enables tailoring of the effective mass tensor. The model thus provides atomistic design rules for thermoelectric chalcogenides.
Room‐Temperature Solution‐Synthesized p‐Type Copper(I) Iodide Semiconductors for Transparent Thin‐Film Transistors and Complementary Electronics
Authors: Liu Ao , Zhu Huihui , Park Won‐Tae , Kang Seok‐Ju , Xu Yong , Kim Myung‐Gil , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHere, room‐temperature solution‐processed inorganic p‐type copper iodide (CuI) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are reported for the first time. The spin‐coated 5 nm thick CuI film has average hole mobility (µFE) of 0.44 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off current ratio of 5 × 102. Furthermore, µFE increases to 1.93 cm2 V−1 s−1 and operating voltage significantly reduces from 60 to 5 V by using a high permittivity ZrO2 dielectric layer replacing traditional SiO2. Transparent complementary inverters composed of p‐type CuI and n‐type indium gallium zinc oxide TFTs are demonstrated with clear inverting characteristics and voltage gain over 4. These outcomes provide effective approaches for solution‐processed inorganic p‐type semiconductor inks and related electronics.
High Volumetric Quasi‐Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Capacitor under High Mass Loading Conditions
Authors: Thangavel Ranjith , Kannan Aravindaraj G. , Ponraj Rubha , Park Myung‐Soo , Choi Hwan , Kim Dong‐Won , Lee Yun‐Sung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe sodium‐ion capacitor (NIC) represents an important research approach to bridge the gap between batteries and capacitors, but is still limited by inferior energy behavior at high power, low volumetric performance, low electrode mass loading, and safety issues with conventional liquid electrolyte. Herein, a high‐performing, kinetically superior, and safer quasi‐solid‐state NIC utilizing the fast sodium storage in TiO2 and rapid ion adsorption on a biomass‐derived porous carbon with a sodium‐ion conducting P(VDF‐HFP) gel polymer electrolyte is presented. Owing to high mass loading, low graphene content in TiO2, and by overcoming the diffusion‐limited sodium storage by surface limited storage enable the NIC to deliver an impressive volumetric energy of ≈89 Wh L−1 (94 Wh kg−1) based on total mass in both electrodes. Also, a remarkable power of ≈9.4 kW L−1 (10 kW kg−1) while retaining an energy of ≈28.7 Wh L−1 (30.6 Wh kg−1) is attained. Furthermore, the NIC shows a long‐term stability both at room temperature and high temperature (50 °C), outperforming conventional NICs. This research opens new opportunities for applications of high‐performing and safer NICs in next‐generation storage devices requiring high energy at high power with high safety.