bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and Protection of Forest Ecological Tourism Resources by Dynamic Monitoring System
Authors: Lin Wen-Pin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Forest can adjust climate and provide resources for the development of the society and tourism as well as promote the progress of human civilization, which is of great significance to the survival and development of human beings. With the industrial development and the improvement of people’s living standard, the development strength on forest resources is becoming higher than ever before. As forest resources are important resources which can maintain the ecological balance of the earth, its monitoring and protection is necessary. Hence, remote sensing technology has been developed for monitoring the changes of forest resources, which has the quickness characteristics and real-time spatial information acquisition and analysis capacities. This paper firstly introduced the geographical location, geomorphology, climate status, soil and vegetation types of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and the basic theory of remote sensing monitoring such as vegetation spectral reflectance and normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI). Then, the NDVI was used to analyse the vegetation coverage and area ratio of Zhangjiakou City in 2006, 2010 and 2016. It was found that the vegetation coverage during the ten years from 2006 to 2016 showed an overall trend of growth. Conclusions: It is concluded that dynamic monitoring can effectively monitor and protect forest vegetation, which provided ideas for the follow-up forestry planning and ecological tourism development in Zhangjiakou.
Self-Encounter in Virtual Reality in Robot-Based Telepresence
Authors: von der Heyde Markus 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Have you ever met yourself? Have you met your past? This report is meant to make a phenomenon known in which VR users at a break-in-presence do not fall back into the lab environment. However, we are not yet able to provide tangible evidence and systematic research about it. Setup: We describe a virtual reality application which originally was intended to provide control for a search and rescue robot. Due to a design requirement to use very limited resources, we developed a sparse representation of the past of the robot. The user encounters the past path of the robot in VR as a collection of 360° photo-spheres which each captures one instant. Multiple users of the application can individually review all past pictures. The most recent picture represents the current perspective of the robot. In addition, each user can interact with virtual objects, e. g., control the robot. Observation: According to perceptual research, breaks-in-presence might occur after sensory conflicts. An encounter of one’s self in VR introduces a perceptual and cognitive conflict. Users were able to realign with their own episodic memory and did not fall back into the lab environment as a result of this new type of break-in-presence.
A Heuristic Checklist for Second Screen Applications
Authors: Lohmüller Valentin , Schmaderer Daniel , Wolff Christian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents domain-specific heuristics for second screen applications and the development of a heuristics checklist to enable a more intuitive and structured application of the created heuristics. The heuristics presented were developed on the basis of Nielsen [12] Ten Usability Heuristics in a research-based approach using specific literature and a focus group. In order to evaluate the quality of the derived checklist, a heuristic evaluation of a second screen application with five users was carried out and its results compared to a user study with 20 participants. This resulted in an average validity of 0.5 and a high completeness of 0.74. The harmonic mean of these values results in an F-measure of 0.6 with an equal weighting. This value speaks for a sufficient validity of the created heuristic checklist in the first iteration.
Requirements and Interaction Patterns for a Novel Interaction Device for Patients in Intensive Care
Authors: Kordts Börge , Kopetz Jan Patrick , Henkel Adrienne , Schrader Andreas , Jochems Nicole 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Intensive care patients that are weaned from mechanical ventilation are facing substantial physical and psychical stress. Due to the breathing tube, they often cannot voice their basic needs adequately. Possible consequences, amongst other complications, are a prolonged healing process and a delirium. To address this issue and support patient communication in intensive care, we provide a solution tailored to patients that are dealing with limited cognitive and physiological abilities, hindering them to use traditional devices efficiently. For this purpose, we develop a novel interaction device tailored to the special situation of in-bed interaction.
In this paper, we present key requirements for the device, which are relevant to the interaction itself as well as possible interaction gestures that may be performed with the device. The basis for this is a human-centered design process consisting of a comprehensive user and context analysis, as well as a requirements analysis. As a result, we identified three categories relevant for the interaction, namely look and feel, sensors, and actuators. The results of the requirement analysis were precise enough to start the actual development process of the device.
Estimating the Population Average Treatment Effect in Observational Studies with Choice-Based Sampling
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Hu Zonghui , Liu Chunling 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe consider causal inference in observational studies with choice-based sampling, in which subject enrollment is stratified on treatment choice. Choice-based sampling has been considered mainly in the econometrics literature, but it can be useful for biomedical studies as well, especially when one of the treatments being compared is uncommon. We propose new methods for estimating the population average treatment effect under choice-based sampling, including doubly robust methods motivated by semiparametric theory. A doubly robust, locally efficient estimator may be obtained by replacing nuisance functions in the efficient influence function with estimates based on parametric models. The use of machine learning methods to estimate nuisance functions leads to estimators that are consistent and asymptotically efficient under broader conditions. The methods are compared in simulation experiments and illustrated in the context of a large observational study in obstetrics. We also make suggestions on how to choose the target proportion of treated subjects and the sample size in designing a choice-based observational study.
The refinitivization of the infinitive in Finnish
Authors: Bielecki Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn attempt is made to arrange chronologically the particular stages of the diachronic process of therefinitivizationof the infinitive based on their synchronic reflections observable in the contemporary Finnish language. The paper begins with an overview of the morphological and syntagmatic properties of various Finnish infinitive types, and a presentation of the adoptedtaxonomicapproach as opposed to the transformational one. The main part contains a discussion on the details and the substantiation of the particular proposed chronological arrangement of the stages of the process of refinitivization of the infinitive in Finnish. A total of six stages of this process are distinguished, as a consequence of which the connection between the infinitive and finite verb tightens to such an extent that the finite verb metamorphoses into an auxiliary verb, whereas the infinitive metamorphoses into the only carrier of lexical meaning in a new compound verb form.
The phonetic and phonological status of ther-phones in Tunisian Arabic
Authors: Oueslati Jamila 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSome aspects of the participation of ther-phones in the phonetic and phonological systems of Tunisian Arabic are discussed against the background of a brief acquaintance with the situation obtaining in Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic. In contemporary Tunisian Arabic sixr-phones occur and the relations of free variation, complementary distribution and phonological opposition between them are examined. The assimilation of the [r] to [l] is touched upon. The situation ofr-phones in other Arabic dialects is addressed.
Davidson’s Meta-Normative Naturalism
Authors: Myers Robert 
Published: April 2019

Although Donald Davidson is best known for his account of motivating reasons, towards the end of his life he did write about normative reasons, arguing for a novel form of realism we might call anomalous naturalism: anomalous, because it is not just non-reductive but also non-revisionary, refusing to compromise in any way on the thought that the prescriptive authority of normative reasons is objective and reaches to all possible agents; naturalism, because it still treats normative properties as perfectly ordinary causal properties, and thus avoids many of the epistemological problems that bedevil realisms of the sort recently advanced by Thomas Nagel, Derek Parfit, and T. M. Scanlon.
In the first section of the paper, I discuss Davidson’s understanding of objective prescriptivity and one important challenge that it faces. In the second section, I show how an answer to this challenge can be found in Davidson’s holism of the mental. As we shall see, Davidson’s holism of the mental makes the possibility of strongly prescriptive properties much easier to take seriously. In the final section of the paper, I take up various grounds for doubting that such properties could also be causal.
A potent liver-mediated mechanism for loss of muscle mass during androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Lam Teresa , McLean Mark , Hayden Amy , Poljak Anne , Cheema Birinder , Gurney Howard , Stone Glenn , Bahl Neha , Reddy Navneeta , Shahidipour Haleh , Birzniece Vita 
Published: April 2019

ContextAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer results in muscular atrophy, due to loss of the anabolic actions of testosterone. Recently, we discovered that testosterone acts on the hepatic urea cycle to reduce amino acid nitrogen elimination. We now hypothesize that ADT enhances protein oxidative losses by increasing hepatic urea production, resulting in muscle catabolism. We also investigated whether progressive resistance training (PRT) can offset ADT-induced changes in protein metabolism.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of ADT on whole-body protein metabolism and hepatic urea production with and without a home-based PRT program.DesignA randomized controlled trial.Patients and interventionTwenty-four prostate cancer patients were studied before and after 6 weeks of ADT. Patients were randomized into either usual care (UC) (n = 11) or PRT (n = 13) starting immediately after ADT.Main outcome measuresThe rate of hepatic urea production was measured by the urea turnover technique using15N2-urea. Whole-body leucine turnover was measured, and leucine rate of appearance (LRa), an index of protein breakdown and leucine oxidation (Lox), a measure of irreversible protein loss, was calculated.ResultsADT resulted in a significant mean increase in hepatic urea production (from 427.6 ± 18.8 to 486.5 ± 21.3;P < 0.01) regardless of the exercise intervention. Net protein loss, as measured by Lox/Lra, increased by 12.6 ± 4.9% (P < 0.05). PRT preserved lean body mass without affecting hepatic urea production.ConclusionAs early as 6 weeks after initiation of ADT, the suppression of testosterone increases protein loss through elevated hepatic urea production. Short-term PRT was unable to offset changes in protein metabolism during a state of profound testosterone deficiency.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of the current guidelines for detecting insulinoma
Authors: Dauben Laura , Simon Marie-Christine , Strassburger Klaus , Burkart Volker , Weber Katharina S , Schinner Sven , Roden Michael , Müssig Karsten 
Published: April 2019

Objective
Insulinomas are rare pancreatic endocrine tumors characterized by hypoglycemia. Guidelines by the Endocrine Society (ES), the European (ENETS) and the North American (NANETS) Neuroendocrine Tumor Societies provide divergent diagnostic criteria. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of these different criteria during the 72-h fasting test.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods
From 2000 to 2014, 64 patients with a suspected insulinoma underwent a 72-h fasting test and were included in the analysis. This study assessed the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy based on venous blood glucose and corresponding insulin levels measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA).

Results
Based on 64 individuals (18 with, 46 without insulinoma), the ES criteria provided a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.94 (0.73–1.00), specificity of 0.89 (0.76–0.96) and accuracy of 0.91 (0.81–0.96). ENETS/NANETS criteria reached a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.78 (0.52–0.94), specificity of 1.00 (0.92–1.00) and accuracy of 0.94 (0.85–0.98).

Conclusions
These results point to a higher diagnostic sensitivity with less specificity for diagnosing insulinoma using ES criteria and a higher specificity at lower sensitivity by using ENETS/NANETS criteria. Before considering these results when applying the different criteria in clinical practice, the results should be confirmed in further studies comprising larger cohorts.
Adjuvant mitotane therapy is beneficial in non-metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma at high risk of recurrence
Authors: Calabrese A , Basile V , Puglisi S , Perotti P , Pia A , Saba L , Berchialla P , Porpiglia F , Veltri A , Volante M , Reimondo G , Berruti A , Terzolo M 
Published: April 2019

Objective
Many patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) suffer from tumor recurrence despite radical surgery. Evidence on the post-operative use of mitotane is controversial and no predictors of response are available. We aimed to assess whether adjuvant mitotane treatment may prolong survival in patients with non-metastatic ACC following complete resection and whether ACC patients at high risk of recurrence may benefit from treatment.

Design and methods
We retrospectively reviewed data from 152 non-metastatic ACC patients followed at the San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital: 100 patients were treated with adjuvant mitotane and 52 patients were left untreated following surgery. We assessed a number of potential predictive factors of recurrence and death. Mitotane effect was explored stratifying patients by staging (stage I–II vs stage III), hormone secretion (yes vs no) and Ki67 index.

Results
The non-treated group had a higher risk of recurrence (HR: 2.79, 95%CI: 1.58–4.91; P < 0.001) than mitotane-treated group, while overall survival was not significantly different between groups. Hormone secretion, elevated Weiss score and elevated Ki67 index confer a higher risk of both recurrence and death and stage III ACC of death. Adjuvant mitotane treatment reduced significantly the risk of death in patients with elevated Ki67 index (P = 0.005) and in patients with stage III ACC (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Adjuvant mitotane may prolong recurrence-free survival in radically resected ACC patients with acceptable toxicity and may also prolong overall survival in a subgroup of ACC patients at high risk of recurrence.
Prolactin and breast increase during pregnancy in PCOS: linked to long-term metabolic health?
Authors: Underdal Maria Othelie , Salvesen Øyvind , Schmedes Anne , Andersen Marianne Skovsager , Vanky Eszter 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo explore whether gestational prolactin and breast increase are markers of metabolic health in pregnancy and on long-term, in PCOS.DesignFollow-up study. Women with PCOS, according to the Rotterdam criteria (n = 239), former participants of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) PregMet were invited, 131 participated in the current follow-up study, at mean 8 years after pregnancy.MethodsMetformin 2000 mg/day or placebo from first trimester to delivery in the original RCT. No intervention in the current study.Prolactin was analyzed in the first trimester and at gestational week 32 and metabolic characteristics which are part of the metabolic syndrome and measures of glucose homeostasis were examined. Metabolic health was also evaluated according to breast increase versus lack of breast increase during pregnancy.ResultsProlactin increase in pregnancy was negatively correlated to BMI (P = 0.007) and systolic blood pressure (P ≤ 0.001) in gestational week 32. Prolactin at gestational week 32 was negatively correlated to BMI (P = 0.044) and visceral fat area (P = 0.028) at 8-year follow-up in an unadjusted model. Prolactin at gestational week 32 showed no associations to metabolic health at follow-up when baseline BMI was adjusted for. Women who reported lack of breast increase during pregnancy, had higher BMI (P = 0.034), waist-hip ratio (P = 0.004), visceral fat area (P = 0.050), total cholesterol (P = 0.022), systolic (P = 0.027) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.011) at 8-year follow-up.ConclusionHigh prolactin levels and breast increase in pregnancy were associated with a more favorable long-term metabolic health in women with PCOS. Both prolactin and breast increase may be mediated by gestational BMI.
Außenwirtschaftsrechtliche Investitionsprüfung – Anwendung der Erwerberkontrolle zum Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen im Finanzsektor
Authors: Böhm Clemens 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Größere Beteiligungen an Unternehmen des Finanzsektors können nicht ohne ein staatliches Überprüfungsverfahren erworben werden. Neben dem finanzaufsichtsrechtlichen Inhaberkontrollverfahren ermöglicht auch die Investitionskontrolle nach den §§ 55 ff. der Außenwirtschaftsverordnung (AWV) eine Überprüfung des Erwerbers. Letztere haben die Bundesregierung und das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) jedoch in zuletzt immer kürzer werdenden Abständen konkretisiert und verschärft. Im Zusammenspiel mit den ebenfalls ergänzten Regelungen zur Bestimmung Kritischer Infrastrukturen schafft das Außenwirtschaftsrecht so einen zweiten Ansatzpunkt, um die Eigentümerstruktur deutscher Finanzunternehmen einer staatlichen Kontrolle zu unterwerfen. Wie bereits für Inhaberkontrollverfahren vorgesehen, wurde zuletzt auch die Prüfeintrittsschwelle der außenwirtschaftsrechtlichen Investitionsprüfung für wichtige Sektoren auf 10 % der Stimmrechte abgesenkt. Der Beitrag nimmt diese Verschärfung zum Anlass, die Anwendung des so geschaffenen Kontrollregimes vor dem Hintergrund eines Beteiligungserwerbs im Finanzsektor zu erörtern und Unterschiede zum Inhaberkontrollverfahren aufzuzeigen.
Single Pill Indapamide and Perindopril Arginine Combination: Optimal Coupling of Vascular Protection and Hemodynamic Risk Factors Reduction in Patients with Essential Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Borisova E. V. , Kochetkov A. I. , Ostroumova O. D. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: to investigate the impact of indapamide / perindopril single-pill combination (I / P SPC) on arterial stiffness parameters, blood pressure (BP) level and BP variability (BPV) in middle-aged patients with stage II grade 1–2 essential arterial hypertension (EAH). Materials and methods. We retrospectively formed a group of patients with stage II grade 1–2 EAH who had not previously received regular antihypertensive therapy (AHT) (n=52, mean age 52.9±6.0 years). All patients were treated with I / P SPC and all of them achieved target office BP level (less than 140 / 90 mm Hg). After 12 weeks of follow-up (from the time of reaching the target BP) assessment of AHT effectiveness (general clinical data, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM], volume sphygmography, echocardiography), and vascular stiffness evaluation were performed.Results. At the end of follow-up office systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse BP, day-time, night-time and 24‑hour SBP and DBP significantly (p<0.001 for all) decreased. According to the ABPM data day-time, nighttime, and 24‑hour systolic BPV significantly decreased (p=0.029, p=0.006 and p<0.001, respectively); day-time and 24‑hour diastolic BPV also significantly decreased (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Day-night standard deviation (SDdn) significantly decreased too (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). Volumetric sphygmography showed significant decrease of right cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) (from 8.20±1.29 to 7.58±1.44, p=0.001) and of left CAVI (from 8.13±1.40 to 7.46±1.43, p<0.001), as well as reduction of the number o f patients with a right- and / or left-CAVI >9.0 (from 32.7 to 11.5 %, p=0.018). According to assessment of arterial stiffness using the Vasotens24 software package, the arterial stiffness index (ASI) significantly (p<0.001) decreased from 153.5±29.9 to 138.3±20.0 (by –9.2±13.1 %). Transthoracic echocardiography data demonstrated significant decrease (p<0.001) in effective arterial elastance (from 1.82±0.43 to 1.58±0.36 mm Hg; by –11.85±16.29 %) and significant (p<0.001) increase in the arterial compliance – from 1.27±0.34 to 1.54±0.38 mm Hg / ml (+26.95±38.06 %).Conclusion. In AHT naive patients 40–65 years old with stage II grade 1–2 EAH therapy with I / P SPC provided effective 24‑hour BP control, reduced BPV and improved arterial stiffness parameters.
Infective Endocarditis Causing Native and Prosthetic Heart Valve Dysfunction
Authors: Rogolevich V. V. , Glushkova T. V. , Ponasenko A. V. , Ovcharenko E. A. 
Published: April 2019

Infective endocarditis (IE) is the disease that has high inhospital mortality. Heart valves dysfunction – both native and prosthetic – is the primary IE complication requiring a surgical intervention. The IE causes and its course have been discussed in this review. In particular, the role of concomitant infectious foci in the formation and development of IE have been considered, the mechanisms of mutual transition of subacute and acute clinical forms have been described. Modern diagnostic principles and methods based on the Duke criteria system have been mentioned, as well as the difficulties that follow the patient’s clinical status evaluation. The normobiotic microbiota participation, as well as the possibilities for their identification using blood culture and PCR technique, have been closely reviewed. According to modern researches and publications, there have been made the conclusion about the contribution of obligate anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses to the development of endocarditis. There have been described the hypothesis about the presumptive strategy for the cardiac dysfunction formation as a result of the IE causative agents cells metabolic activity based on a literature data analysis in the article: vegetation formed by Staphylococcus aureus can lead to the heart valve stenosis, and the influence of hyaluronidases, collagenases on a heart valve structure can lead to regurgitation. The pathogens cells ability to avoid the human immune system response is caused by the biofilms, fibrin vegetations formation and the enzymes production – cytotoxins (streptolysins, leukocidin, etc.). It has been suggested that the mediators of inflammation and leukocyte cells participate in the destruction of native and prosthetic tissues due to an IE pathogens inaccessibility for immunocompetent cells.