bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CosMIC: A Consistent Metric for Spike Inference from Calcium
Imaging
Authors: Reynolds Stephanie , Abrahamsson Therese , Sjöström Per Jesper , Schultz Simon R. , Dragotti Pier Luigi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In recent years, the development of algorithms to detect neuronal spiking activity from two-photon calcium imaging data has received much attention, yet few researchers have examined the metrics used to assess the similarity of detected spike trains with the ground truth. We highlight the limitations of the two most commonly used metrics, the spike train correlation and success rate, and propose an alternative, which we refer to as CosMIC. Rather than operating on the true and estimated spike trains directly, the proposed metric assesses the similarity of the pulse trains obtained from convolution of the spike trains with a smoothing pulse. The pulse width, which is derived from the statistics of the imaging data, reflects the temporal tolerance of the metric. The final metric score is the size of the commonalities of the pulse trains as a fraction of their average size. Viewed through the lens of set theory, CosMIC resembles a continuous Sørensen-Dice coefficient—an index commonly used to assess the similarity of discrete, presence/absence data. We demonstrate the ability of the proposed metric to discriminate the precision and recall of spike train estimates. Unlike the spike train correlation, which appears to reward overestimation, the proposed metric score is maximized when the correct number of spikes have been detected. Furthermore, we show that CosMIC is more sensitive to the temporal precision of estimates than the success rate.
ABSTRACT
Authors: Levinson D. H. , Lawrimore J. H. 
Published: July 2018

The combined land and ocean surface temperature in 2007 fell within the 10 highest on record, while the average land temperature was the warmest since global records began in 1880. In the low to midtroposphere, the annual global mean temperature was among the five warmest since reliable global records began in 1958, but still cooler than the record warmest year of 1998. For the fourth consecutive year, the annual precipitation averaged over global land surfaces was above the long-term mean, although the anomaly was significantly less than in 2006 when the annual value was the eighth wettest since 1901.
The globally averaged concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) continued to increase in 2007, having risen to 382.7 ppm at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. The average rate of rise of CO2 has been 1.6 ppm yr−1 since 1980; however, since 2000 this has increased to 1.9 ppm yr−1. In addition, both methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were also higher in 2007.
Over the oceans, global SST during 2007 showed significant departures from the 1971–2000 climatology. Annual average upper-ocean heat content anomalies declined between 2006 and 2007 in the eastern equatorial Pacific and increased in off-equatorial bands in that ocean basin. These changes were consistent with the transition from an El Niño in 2006 to a La Niña in 2007. The global mean sea level anomaly (SLA) in 2007 was I.I mm higher than in 2006, which is about one standard deviation below what would be expected from the 15-yr trend value of 3.4 mm yr−1.
In the tropics, the Atlantic hurricane season was near normal in 2007, although slightly more active than in 2006. In the north and south Indian Ocean Basins, both the seasonal totals and intensity of tropical cyclones (TC) were significantly above average, and included two Saffir-Simpson category 5 TCs in the north Indian Ocean and a world record rainfall amount of 5510 mm over a 3–8-day period on the island of Reunion in the south Indian Ocean.
In the polar regions 2007 was the warmest on record for the Arctic, and continued a general, Arctic-wide warming trend that began in the mid-1960s. An unusually strong high pressure region in the Beaufort Sea during summer contributed to a record minimum Arctic sea ice cover in September. Measurements of the mass balance of glaciers and ice caps indicate that in most of the world, glaciers are shrinking in mass. The Greenland ice sheet experienced records in both the duration and extent of the summer surface melt. From the continental scale, as a whole the Antarctic was warmer than average in 2007, although the Antarctic Peninsula was considerably cooler than average. The size of the ozone hole was below the record levels of 2006, and near the average of the past 15 yr, due to warmer springtime temperatures in the Antarctic stratosphere.
Agile Development in Meteorological R&D: Achieving a Minimum Viable Product in a Scrum Work Setting
Authors: Som de Cerff Wim , van de Vegte John , Boers Reinout , Brandsma Theo , de Haij Marijn , van Moosel Wim , Noteboom Jan Willem , Pagani Giuliano Andrea , van der Schrier Gerard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the Agile Way of Working (AoW), a group of developers jointly work to efficiently realize a project. Here we report on the application of AoW in meteorological research and development (R&D) outside of the software engineering environment. Three projects were formulated, derived from the observations strategy (2015) of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). An initial phase of preparation consisted of breaking down the workload into tasks to be accomplished by individual project members and achievable in two one-week sprints. Sprints consisted of daily stand-ups, where accomplishments, work intentions, and obstacles were discussed, followed by project work in a joint working environment. The three projects identified were 1) flying a drone to detect boundary layer evolution, 2) monitoring the quality of the precipitation measurement system, and 3) realizing a platform for merging third-party data with meteorological observations. The preparation phase proved to be vitally important to each of the projects. The roles of the product owner and Scrum master in streamlining and guiding these projects were essential to the success of the sprint weeks, but the joint group settings worked well for only two of the three projects. While team members were positive about their experience with the AoW, the challenge remains to fuse the traditional individual work practice of researchers with that of software engineers, who are experienced in working in a group setting.
The effectiveness of QPR suicide prevention training
Authors: Aldrich Rosalie S , Wilde Jerry , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Question, Persuade, Refer (QPR) gatekeeper suicide prevention training on individuals’ ability to recognise the warning signs of suicide, intention to question someone they think is suicidal, persuade the suicidal person to stay alive, and know how and where to get help for the person. We also examined whether QPR training increased an individual’s intention to intervene with a suicidal individual. Design: A pretest–posttest online survey, based on the theory of planned behaviour, was employed before and after the face-to-face QPR training. Setting: The study was conducted on a small regional college campus in the Midwest USA. Method: Faculty, staff, and students at a regional campus completed two online questionnaires (pretest, n = 108, and posttest, n = 79) answering questions about attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control regarding suicide intervention, as well as their intention to intervene with someone who was suicidal. They also completed a 1-hour QPR gatekeeper training event. Results: QPR training significantly improved attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control regarding suicide intervention, and intention to intervene. It was also effective at increasing intention to question, persuade and refer (the three core goals of QPR). Conclusions: QPR training has been shown to be effective in the short-term at increasing intention to intervene within a US college community.
Is end-of-life care a priority for policymakers? Qualitative documentary analysis of health care strategies
Authors: Sleeman Katherine E , Leniz Javiera , Higginson Irene J , Bristowe Katherine 
Published: July 2018

Background: Prioritisation of end-of-life care by policymakers has been the subject of extensive rhetoric, but little scrutiny. In England, responsibility for improving health and care lies with 152 regional Health and Wellbeing Boards. Aim: To understand the extent to which Health and Wellbeing Boards have identified and prioritised end-of-life care needs and their plans for improvement. Design: Qualitative documentary analysis of Health and Wellbeing Strategies. Summative content analysis to quantify key concepts and identify themes. Data sources: Strategies were identified from Local Authority web pages and systematically searched to identify relevant content. Results: In total, 150 strategies were identified. End-of-life care was mentioned in 78 (52.0%) and prioritised in 6 (4.0%). Four themes emerged: (1) clinical context – in 43/78 strategies end-of-life care was mentioned within a specific clinical context, most often ageing and dementia; (2) aims and aspirations – 31 strategies identified local needs and/or quantifiable aims, most related to the place of death; (3) narrative thread – the connection between need, aim and planned intervention was disjointed, just six strategies included all three components; and (4) focus of evidence – where cited, evidence related to evidence of need, not evidence for effective interventions. Conclusion: Half of Health and Wellbeing Strategies mention end-of-life care, few prioritise it and none cite evidence for effective interventions. The absence of connection between need, aim and intervention is concerning. Future research should explore whether and how strategies have impacted on local populations.
Does Anchor Placement on the Glenoid Affect Functional Outcome After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair?
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Lee Jae-Hyung , Chung Seok Won , Oh Kyung-Soo , Noh Young Min , Kim Seong-Jun 
Published: July 2018

Background: In arthroscopic Bankart repair, anchor positions can affect glenoid labral height and functional outcomes. Purpose: To evaluate anchor placement on the glenoid during Bankart lesion repair and determine which placement would lead to better functional outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Method: This study included 90 patients (74 males, 16 females; average age, 23.7 years; range, 18-47 years) who underwent surgery for Bankart lesions between December 2009 and March 2014. The mean follow-up duration was 32.7 months (range, 26-48 months). We divided anchor positions into 2 groups: on the glenoid face and at the glenoid edge. The anchor position on the glenoid and the labral height were examined with computed tomography (CT) arthrography at 4.5-month follow-up, and Rowe scores were calculated at 2-year follow-up. Results: The group with the anchor placed on the glenoid face contained 63 patients, and the group with the anchor placed at the glenoid edge or rim contained 27 patients. Mean labral heights at 4.5 months postoperatively in the 2 groups were 5.4 ± 0.22 mm and 3.2 ± 0.16 mm, respectively ( P < .01), and mean Rowe scores at 2 years were 94.7 and 79.5, respectively ( P < .01). Rowe scores calculated at 2-year follow-up were significantly related to anchor position ( P < .01). Conclusion: Anchors positioned on the glenoid face resulted in the greatest restored labral height and better functional outcome (Rowe score). Thus, anchor placement on the glenoid face should be considered, as it may yield better functional outcome in arthroscopic Bankart repair.
Mental Health Service Utilization in Depressed Canadian Armed Forces Personnel
Authors: Thériault François L. , Garber Bryan G. , Momoli Franco , Gardner William , Zamorski Mark A. , Colman Ian 
Published: July 2018

Background: Major depression is prevalent, impactful, and treatable in military populations, but not all depressed personnel seek professional care in a given year. Care-seeking patterns (including the use of primary vs. specialty care) and factors associated with the likelihood of mental health service utilization in depressed military personnel are poorly understood. Methods: Our sample included 520 Regular Force respondents to the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey. All study participants had past-year major depression. Subjects reported whether they had spoken about their mental health with at least one health professional in the past 12 months. We used multivariate Poisson regression to explore factors associated with past-year mental health service use. Results: Three-quarters of Canadian military personnel with past-year depression had sought mental health care in the previous 12 months. Among care-seeking personnel, 70% had seen a psychologist or psychiatrist, while 5% had exclusively received care from a primary care physician. Belief in the effectiveness of mental health care was the factor most strongly associated with care seeking. Female gender, functional impairments, and psychiatric comorbidities were also associated with care seeking. Surprisingly, stigma perceptions had no independent association with care seeking. Conclusions: The proportion of depressed Canadian Armed Forces personnel who seek professional care and who access specialty mental health care is higher than in most other populations. However, an important minority of patients are not accessing health services. Efforts to further increase mental health service utilization in the Canadian military should continue to target beliefs about the effectiveness of mental health care.
Prescription of Antidementia Drugs and Antipsychotics for Elderly Patients in Japan: A Descriptive Study Using Pharmacy Prescription Data
Authors: Tsukada Takahisa , Sato Izumi , Matsuoka Norihiro , Imai Takumi , Doi Yuko , Arai Masaru , Fujii Yosuke , Matsunaga Toshiyuki , Kawakami Koji 
Published: July 2018

Background: Antipsychotics are commonly used for managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia among elderly patients with dementia receiving antidementia drugs (ADDs). However, the use of antipsychotics among these patients has not been investigated since 3 ADDs were approved in 2011 in Japan. Method: We conducted a descriptive study using pharmacy prescription data and identified patients aged ≥65 years who were newly prescribed donepezil, memantine, rivastigmine, and galantamine between January 1, 2012, and September 30, 2014. We determined the proportion of antipsychotic prescription and the factors affecting antipsychotic prescription using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Result: Of 13 876 patients, 1705 were memantine users, and the proportion of antipsychotic prescription among them was the highest (11.1%). Adjusted hazard ratios for donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine were 0.66, 0.56, and 0.66, respectively, relative to that for memantine. Conclusion: Compared to other ADD users, new memantine users were most likely to be prescribed antipsychotics.
Medical adherence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Germany: predictors and reasons for non-adherence – a cross-sectional analysis of the LuLa-cohort
Authors: Chehab G , Sauer G M , Richter J G , Brinks R , Willers R , Fischer-Betz R , Winkler-Rohlfing B , Schneider M 
Published: July 2018

Objective Adherence to medication has a major impact on treatment control and success especially in chronic diseases but often remains unrecognized. Besides clinical, socioeconomic, disease-related and treatment-related parameters, general and personal health beliefs, as well as perception of health, can affect adherence. Our aim was to investigate the adherence to lupus-specific medications in German lupus patients and to assess influencing factors including detrimental or beneficial effects of health perceptions and beliefs. Methods The Lupus Erythematosus (LE) Long-Term Study (LuLa-study) is a nationwide longitudinal study among German Caucasian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who have been assessed annually using a self-reported questionnaire since 2001. In 2013, we included questions concerning medical adherence (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale; MMAS-4), beliefs about medication prescribed (BMQ), illness perception and about the patients’ health locus of control (HLC). We present a cross-sectional analysis to assess predictors of adherence using a multivariable stepwise logistic regression. Results Five hundred and seventy-nine patients participated, 81 of whom did not take any lupus-specific medication and 40 of whom did not complete the MMAS-4 and were therefore omitted. Only 62.7% reported high adherence. Unintentional behaviour for low medical adherence exceeded the intentional behaviour by far. The use of azathioprine (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.02–3.34), prednisone <7.5 mg (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 0.97–2.49), a higher age (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03–1.08) and higher external HLC (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01–1.30) proved conducive for high adherence in our multivariable model. On the contrary, the general perception of medication being harmful or addictive (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82–0.97) was detrimental. Conclusion A low belief that one's own health is determined by healthcare providers (external HLC) and the belief of the harmfulness of medication were independent predictors of low adherence besides age and the choice of the medical agent. The recognition of these potential obstacles in physician–patient relationships is essential to ameliorate adherence. Provision of sufficient information and education might help to reach the best possible outcome.
Bleeding complications and antithrombotic treatment in 264 pregnancies in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Yelnik C M , Lambert M , Drumez E , Le Guern V , Bacri J-L , Guerra M M , Laskin C A , Branch D W , Sammaritano L R , Morel N , Guettrot-Imbert G , Launay D , Hachulla E , Hatron P-Y , Salmon J E , Costedoat-Chalumeau N 
Published: July 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of antithrombotic treatments prescribed during pregnancy in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods This international, multicenter study included two cohorts of patients: a retrospective French cohort and a prospective US cohort (PROMISSE study). Inclusion criteria were (1) APS (Sydney criteria), (2) live pregnancy at 12 weeks of gestation (WG) with (3) follow-up data until six weeks post-partum. According to APS standard of care, patients were treated with aspirin and/or low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) at prophylactic (pure obstetric APS) or therapeutic doses (history of thrombosis). Major bleeding was defined as abnormal blood loss during the pregnancy and/or post-partum period requiring intervention for hemostasis or transfusion, or during the peripartum period greater than 500 mL and/or requiring surgery or transfusion. Other bleeding events were classified as minor. Results Two hundred and sixty-four pregnancies (87 prospectively collected) in 204 patients were included (46% with history of thrombosis, 23% with associated systemic lupus). During pregnancy, treatment included LMWH ( n = 253; 96%) or low-dose aspirin ( n = 223; 84%), and 215 (81%) patients received both therapies. The live birth rate was 89% and 82% in the retrospective and prospective cohorts, respectively. Adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred in 28% of the retrospective cohort and in 40% of the prospective cohort. No maternal death was observed in either cohort. A combined total of 45 hemorrhagic events (25%) occurred in the retrospective cohort, but major bleeding was reported in only six pregnancies (3%). Neither heparin nor aspirin alone nor combined therapy increased the risk of hemorrhage. We also did not observe an increased rate of bleeding in the case of a short interval between last LMWH (less than 24 hours) or aspirin (less than five days) doses and delivery. Only emergency Caesarean section was significantly associated with an increased risk of bleeding (odds ratio (OR) 5.03 (1.41–17.96); p=.016). In the prospective cohort, only one minor bleeding event was reported (vaginal bleeding). Conclusion Our findings support the safety of antithrombotic therapy with aspirin and/or LMWH during pregnancy in high-risk women with APS, and highlight the need for better treatments to improve pregnancy outcomes in APS. PROMISSE Study ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00198068.
Hallux Interphalangeal Arthrodesis Following First Metatarsophalangeal Arthrodesis
Authors: Thitiboonsuwan Songwut , Kavolus Joseph J. , Nunley James A. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Hallux interphalangeal (IP) arthritis can occur after first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) arthrodesis. IP arthrodesis is a standard treatment, but in the setting of prior MTP surgery there will be increased stress on the IP joint. This may result in diminished potential for bone healing. This investigation assessed the outcomes of hallux IP arthrodesis after first MTP arthrodesis. Methods: Charts were retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent interphalangeal arthrodesis between January 1, 2007, and April 3, 2017, and who had a minimum of 12 weeks of follow-up. We compared patients with and without prior ipsilateral first MTP arthrodesis. There were 42 patients whose median follow-up was 9 (range, 3-135) months. Results: Median time from previous first MTP arthrodesis until IP arthrodesis was 54 months. Six nonunions (35.3%) occurred in 17 patients with prior first MTP arthrodesis. Only 2 nonunions (8.0%) occurred in 25 patients with isolated IP arthrodesis. The multivariable risk difference of nonunion was 53.3% ( P = .001). Prior first MTP arthrodesis also was more likely to have complications (52.9% vs 24.0%, respectively). The multivariable risk difference of complications was 35.7% ( P = .082). The speed of bone healing was significantly different, with a multivariable rate ratio of 0.21 ( P = .012). Conclusion Prior first MTP arthrodesis resulted in 4.8 times slower bone healing for IP arthrodesis. It increased the risks of nonunion and any other complications. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Risk of Damaging Anatomical Structures During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Correction (Bösch Technique): An Anatomical Study
Authors: Kaipel Martin , Reissig Lukas , Albrecht Lukas , Quadlbauer Stefan , Klikovics Joachim , Weninger Wolfgang J. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Percutaneous, transverse distal metatarsal osteotomy with K-wire fixation (the Bösch technique) is an established technique for hallux valgus correction. Nevertheless, the risk of damaging the anatomical structures during the operation is unknown. Methods: Forty fresh-frozen anatomical foot specimens with hallux valgus deformity underwent a percutaneous corrective procedure. Specimens of group A (n = 20) were operated by an experienced surgeon while specimens of group B (n = 20) were done by untrained residents. Results: The dorsal cutaneous nerve was injured in 1 of 20 cases in group A and 6 of 20 cases in group B ( P = .037). There was a significant difference in overall complication rate between specimens of group A and group B ( P = .043). Conclusions: The results show an increased risk of perioperative injury of the dorsal cutaneous branch of the deep peroneal nerve as well as a significant effect of the surgeon’s experience on the overall complication rate. Clinical Relevance: Results of this study are highly relevant for all surgeons who perform percutaneous, minimally invasive hallux valgus surgery to avoid damage to the peripheral nerves. In addition, the data suggest an intensive training for surgeons before minimally invasive hallux valgus surgery is performed without supervision.