bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic Observations of Pulsating Aurora Associated With Chorus Element Structures: Coordinated Arase Satellite‐PWING Observations
Authors: Ozaki M. , Shiokawa K. , Miyoshi Y. , Hosokawa K. , Oyama S. , Yagitani S. , Kasahara Y. , Kasaba Y. , Matsuda S. , Kataoka R. , Ebihara Y. , Ogawa Y. , Otsuka Y. , Kurita S. , Moore R. C. , Tanaka Y.‐M. , Nosé M. , Nagatsuma T. , Connors M. , Nishitani N. , Katoh Y. , Hikishima M. , Kumamoto A. , Tsuchiya F. , Kadokura A. , Nishiyama T. , Inoue T. , Imamura K. , Matsuoka A. , Shinohara I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRapid (<1 s) intensity modulation of pulsating auroras is caused by successive chorus elements as a response to wave‐particle interactions in the magnetosphere. Here we found that a pulsating auroral patch responds to the time spacing for successive chorus elements and possibly to chorus subpacket structures with a time scale of tens of milliseconds. These responses were identified from coordinated Arase satellite and ground (Gakona, Alaska) observations with a high‐speed auroral imager (100 Hz). The temporal variations of auroral intensity in a few‐hertz frequency range exhibited a spatial concentration at the lower‐latitude edge of the auroral patch. The spatial evolution of the auroral patch showed repeated expansion/contraction with tens of kilometer scales in the ionosphere, which could be spatial behaviors in the wave‐particle interactions. These observations indicate that chorus elements evolve coherently within the auroral patch, which is approximately 900 km in the radial and longitudinal directions at the magnetic equator.
Extreme Value Analysis of Solar Flare Events
Authors: Tsiftsi T. , De la Luz V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpace weather events such as solar flares can be harmful for life and infrastructure on Earth or in near‐Earth orbit. In this paper we employ extreme value theory to model extreme solar flare events; extreme value theory offers the appropriate tools for the study and estimation of probabilities for extrapolation to ranges outside of those that have already been observed. In this work the data points used are inherently independent and realistic confidence intervals are offered with respect to the estimates of future solar flare events. The data used in this study are peak X‐ray fluxes provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that form a series of distinct flare events. The expected return levels for Carrington‐ or Halloween storm‐like events were calculated with the outcome that the existing data predict similar events happening in 110 and 38 years, respectively, which are consistent with the results and inferences provided by Elvidge and Angling (2018,https://doi.org/10.1002/2017SW001727). We also make a preliminary analysis of the implications of solar seasonality and found its effect on extreme flare events to be statistically insignificant.
Hypoxia-mediated mitochondria apoptosis inhibition induces temozolomide treatment resistance through miR-26a/Bad/Bax axis
Authors: Ge Xin , Pan Min-Hong , Wang Lin , Li Wei , Jiang Chengfei , He Jun , Abouzid Khaled , Liu Ling-Zhi , Shi Zhumei , Jiang Bing-Hua 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most hypoxic tumors of the central nervous system. Although temozolomide (TMZ) is an effective clinical agent in the GBM therapy, the hypoxic microenvironment remains a major barrier in glioma chemotherapy resistance, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we find hypoxia can induce the protective response to mitochondrion via HIF-1α-mediated miR-26a upregulation which is associated with TMZ resistance in vitro and in vivo. Further, we demonstrated that HIF-1α/miR-26a axis strengthened the acquisition of TMZ resistance through prevention of Bax and Bad in mitochondria dysfunction in GBM. In addition, miR-26a expression levels negatively correlate with Bax, Bad levels, and GBM progression; but highly correlate with HIF-1α levels in clinical cancer tissues. These findings provide a new link in the mechanistic understanding of TMZ resistance under glioma hypoxia microenvironment, and consequently HIF-1α/miR-26a/Bax/Bad signaling pathway as a promising adjuvant therapy for GBM with TMZ.
Locomotion modulates specific functional cell types in the mouse visual thalamus
Authors: Aydın Çağatay , Couto João , Giugliano Michele , Farrow Karl , Bonin Vincent 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe visual system is composed of diverse cell types that encode distinct aspects of the visual scene and may form separate processing channels. Here we present further evidence for that hypothesis whereby functional cell groups in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) are differentially modulated during behavior. Using simultaneous multi-electrode recordings in dLGN and primary visual cortex (V1) of behaving mice, we characterized the impact of locomotor activity on response amplitude, variability, correlation and spatiotemporal tuning. Locomotion strongly impacts the amplitudes of dLGN and V1 responses but the effects on variability and correlations are relatively minor. With regards to tunings, locomotion enhances dLGN responses to high temporal frequencies, preferentially affecting ON transient cells and neurons with nonlinear responses to high spatial frequencies. Channel specific modulations may serve to highlight particular visual inputs during active behaviors.
Age-related declines in α-Klotho drive progenitor cell mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired muscle regeneration
Authors: Sahu A. , Mamiya H. , Shinde S. N. , Cheikhi A. , Winter L. L. , Vo N. V. , Stolz D. , Roginskaya V. , Tang W. Y. , St. Croix C. , Sanders L. H. , Franti M. , Van Houten B. , Rando T. A. , Barchowsky A. , Ambrosio F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile young muscle is capable of restoring the original architecture of damaged myofibers, aged muscle displays a markedly reduced regeneration. We show that expression of the “anti-aging” protein, α-Klotho, is up-regulated within young injured muscle as a result of transient Klotho promoter demethylation. However, epigenetic control of the Klotho promoter is lost with aging. Genetic inhibition of α-Klotho in vivo disrupted muscle progenitor cell (MPC) lineage progression and impaired myofiber regeneration, revealing a critical role for α-Klotho in the regenerative cascade. Genetic silencing of Klotho in young MPCs drove mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and decreased cellular bioenergetics. Conversely, supplementation with α-Klotho restored mtDNA integrity and bioenergetics of aged MPCs to youthful levels in vitro and enhanced functional regeneration of aged muscle in vivo in a temporally-dependent manner. These studies identify a role for α-Klotho in the regulation of MPC mitochondrial function and implicate α-Klotho declines as a driver of impaired muscle regeneration with age.
Engulfing cells promote neuronal regeneration and remove neuronal debris through distinct biochemical functions of CED-1
Authors: Chiu Hui , Zou Yan , Suzuki Nobuko , Hsieh Yi-Wen , Chuang Chiou-Fen , Wu Yi-Chun , Chang Chieh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTwo important biological events happen coincidently soon after nerve injury in the peripheral nervous system in C. elegans: removal of axon debris and initiation of axon regeneration. But, it is not known how these two events are co-regulated. Mutants of ced-1, a homolog of Draper and MEGF10, display defects in both events. One model is that those events could be related. But our data suggest that they are actually separable. CED-1 functions in the muscle-type engulfing cells in both events and is enriched in muscle protrusions in close contact with axon debris and regenerating axons. Its two functions occur through distinct biochemical mechanisms; extracellular domain-mediated adhesion for regeneration and extracellular domain binding-induced intracellular domain signaling for debris removal. These studies identify CED-1 in engulfing cells as a receptor in debris removal but as an adhesion molecule in neuronal regeneration, and have important implications for understanding neural circuit repair after injury.
RIG-I like receptor sensing of host RNAs facilitates the cell-intrinsic immune response to KSHV infection
Authors: Zhao Yang , Ye Xiang , Dunker William , Song Yu , Karijolich John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and MDA5 are cytosolic RNA helicases best characterized as restriction factors for RNA viruses. However, evidence suggests RLRs participate in innate immune recognition of other pathogens, including DNA viruses. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gammaherpesvirus and the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Here, we demonstrate that RLRs restrict KSHV lytic reactivation and we demonstrate that restriction is facilitated by the recognition of host-derived RNAs. Misprocessed noncoding RNAs represent an abundant class of RIG-I substrates, and biochemical characterizations reveal that an infection-dependent reduction in the cellular triphosphatase DUSP11 results in an accumulation of select triphosphorylated noncoding RNAs, enabling their recognition by RIG-I. These findings reveal an intricate relationship between RNA processing and innate immunity, and demonstrate that an antiviral innate immune response can be elicited by the sensing of misprocessed cellular RNAs.
Control of spin-wave transmission by a programmable domain wall
Authors: Hämäläinen Sampo J. , Madami Marco , Qin Huajun , Gubbiotti Gianluca , van Dijken Sebastiaan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractActive manipulation of spin waves is essential for the development of magnon-based technologies. Here, we demonstrate programmable spin-wave filtering by resetting the spin structure of pinned 90° Néel domain walls in a continuous CoFeB film with abrupt rotations of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. Using micro-focused Brillouin light scattering and micromagnetic simulations, we show that broad 90° head-to-head or tail-to-tail magnetic domain walls are transparent to spin waves over a broad frequency range. In contrast, magnetic switching to a 90° head-to-tail configuration produces much narrower and strongly reflecting domain walls at the same pinning locations. Based on these results, we propose a magnetic spin-wave valve with two parallel domain walls. Switching the spin-wave valve from an open to a closed state changes the transmission of spin waves from nearly 100 to 0%. Active control over spin-wave transport through programmable domain walls could be utilized in magnonic logic devices or non-volatile memory elements.
Growth factor gene IGF1 is associated with bill size in the black-bellied seedcracker Pyrenestes ostrinus
Authors: vonHoldt Bridgett M. , Kartzinel Rebecca Y. , Huber Christian D. , Le Underwood Vinh , Zhen Ying , Ruegg Kristen , Lohmueller Kirk E. , Smith Thomas B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPyrenestesfinches are unique among birds in showing a non-sex-determined polymorphism in bill size and are considered a textbook example of disruptive selection. Morphs breed randomly with respect to bill size, and differ in diet and feeding performance relative to seed hardness. Previous breeding experiments are consistent with the polymorphism being controlled by a single genetic factor. Here, we use genome-wide pooled sequencing to explore the underlying genetic basis of bill morphology and identify a single candidate region. Targeted resequencing reveals extensive linkage disequilibrium across a 300 Kb region containing the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene, with a single 5-million-year-old haplotype associating with phenotypic dominance of the large-billed morph. We find no genetic similarities controlling bill size in the well-studied Darwin’s finches (Geospiza). Our results show how a single genetic factor may control bill size and provide a foundation for future studies to examine this phenomenon within and among avian species.
Colossal electromagnon excitation in the non-cycloidal phase of TbMnO3 under pressure
Authors: Aupiais Ian , Mochizuki Masahito , Sakata Hideaki , Grasset Romain , Gallais Yann , Sacuto Alain , Cazayous Maximilien 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe magnetoelectric coupling, i.e., cross-correlation between electric and magnetic orders, is a very desirable property to combine functionalities of materials for next-generation switchable devices. Multiferroics with spin-driven ferroelectricity presents such a mutual interaction concomitant with magneto-active and electro-active excitations called electromagnons. TbMnO3 is a paradigmatic material in which two electromagnons have been observed in the cycloidal magnetic phase. However, their observation in TbMnO3 is restricted to the cycloidal spin phase and magnetic ground states that can support the electromagnon excitation are still under debate. Here, we show by performing Raman spectroscopy measurements under pressure that the lower-energy electromagnon (4 meV) disappears when the ground state enters from a cycloidal phase to an antiferromagnetic phase (E-type). On the contrary, the magneto-electric activity of the higher-energy electromagnon (8 meV) increases in intensity by one order of magnitude. Using microscopic model calculations, we demonstrate that the lower-energy electromagnon, observed in the cycloidal phase, originates from a higher harmonic of the magnetic cycloid, and we determine that the symmetric exchange-striction mechanism is at the origin of the higher-energy electromagnon which survives even in the E-type phase. The colossal enhancement of the electromagnon activity in TbMnO3 paves the way to use multiferroics more efficiently for generation, conversion and control of spin waves in magnonic devices.
Three-dimensional kinematics of canine hind limbs: in vivo, biplanar, high-frequency fluoroscopic analysis of four breeds during walking and trotting
Authors: Fischer Martin S. , Lehmann Silvia V. , Andrada Emanuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe first high-precision 3Din vivohindlimb kinematic data to be recorded in normal dogs of four different breeds (Beagle, French bulldog, Malinois, Whippet) using biplanar, high-frequency fluoroscopy combined with a 3D optoelectric system followed by a markerless XROMM analysis (Scientific Rotoscoping, SR or 3D-2D registration process) reveal a) 3D hindlimb kinematics to an unprecedented degree of precision and b) substantial limitations to the use of skin marker-based data. We expected hindlimb kinematics to differ in relation to body shape. But, a comparison of the four breeds sets the French bulldog aside from the others in terms of trajectories in the frontal plane (abduction/adduction) and long axis rotation of the femur. French bulldogs translate extensive femoral long axis rotation (>30°) into a strong lateral displacement and rotations about the craniocaudal (roll) and the distal-proximal (yaw) axes of the pelvis in order to compensate for a highly abducted hindlimb position from the beginning of stance. We assume that breeds which exhibit unusual kinematics, especially high femoral abduction, might be susceptible to a higher long-term loading of the cruciate ligaments.
Large-scale in-silico statistical mutagenesis analysis sheds light on the deleteriousness landscape of the human proteome
Authors: Raimondi Daniele , Orlando Gabriele , Tabaro Francesco , Lenaerts Tom , Rooman Marianne , Moreau Yves , Vranken Wim F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNext generation sequencing technologies are providing increasing amounts of sequencing data, paving the way for improvements in clinical genetics and precision medicine. The interpretation of the observed genomic variants in the light of their phenotypic effects is thus emerging as a crucial task to solve in order to advance our understanding of how exomic variants affect proteins and how the proteins’ functional changes affect human health. Since the experimental evaluation of the effects of every observed variant is unfeasible, Bioinformatics methods are being developed to address this challenge in-silico, by predicting the impact of millions of variants, thus providing insight into the deleteriousness landscape of entire proteomes. Here we show the feasibility of this approach by using the recently developed DEOGEN2 variant-effect predictor to perform the largest in-silico mutagenesis scan to date. We computed the deleteriousness score of 170 million variants over 15000 human proteins and we analysed the results, investigating how the predicted deleteriousness landscape of the proteins relates to known functionally and structurally relevant protein regions and biophysical properties. Moreover, we qualitatively validated our results by comparing them with two mutagenesis studies targeting two specific proteins, showing the consistency of DEOGEN2 predictions with respect to experimental data.
Silibinin, A Natural Blend In Polytherapy Formulation For Targeting Cd44v6 Expressing Colon Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Patel Shanaya , Waghela Bhargav , Shah Kanisha , Vaidya Foram , Mirza Sheefa , Patel Saumya , Pathak Chandramani , Rawal Rakesh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractColon cancer stem cells have been attributed to poor prognosis, therapeutic resistance and aggressive nature of the malignancy. Recent reports associated CD44v6 expression with relapse, metastasis and reduced 5-year survival of colon cancer patients, thereby making it a potential therapeutic target. Thus, in this study, comprehensive prediction and screening of CD44v6 against 1674 lead compounds was conducted. Silibinin was identified as a potential compound targeting CD44v6. Inorder to substantiate these findings, the cytotoxic effect of 5FU, Silibinin and 5FU+ Silibinin was assessed on human colon carcinoma cell line HCT116 derived CD44+ subpopulation. 5FU+ Silibinin inhibited cell proliferation of CD44+ subpopulation at lower concentration than Silibinin standalone. Further, corresponding to CD44v6 knockdown cells, 5FU+ Silibinin treatment significantly decreased CD44v6, Nanog, CTNNB1 and CDKN2A expression whereas increased E-cadherin expression in HCT116 derived CD44+ cells. Moreover, synergistic effect of these drugs suppressed sphere formation, inhibited cell migration, triggered PARP cleavage and perturbation in mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby activating intrinsic apoptotic pathways and induced autophagic cell death. Importantly, 5FU+ Silibinin could inhibit PI3K/MAPK dual activation and arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Thus, our study suggests that inhibition of CD44v6 attenuates stemness of colon cancer stem cells and holds a prospect of potent therapeutic target.
Systematic Analysis of SIN3 Histone Modifying Complex Components During Development
Authors: Barnes Valerie L. , Laity Kelly A. , Pilecki Maksymilian , Pile Lori A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEstablishment and maintenance of histone acetylation levels are critical for metazoan development and viability. Disruption of the balance between acetylation and deacetylation by treatment with chemical histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors results in loss of cell proliferation, differentiation and/or apoptosis. Histone deacetylation by the SIN3 complex is essential in Drosophila and mice, as loss of the scaffolding factor SIN3 or the associated HDAC results in lethality. The objective of this study is to elucidate contributions of SIN3 complex components to these essential processes. We used the Drosophila model organism to carry out a systematic functional analysis of the SIN3 complex. We find that SIN3 associated proteins are essential for viability and cell proliferation during development. Additionally, tissue specific reduction of SIN3 complex components results in abnormal wing development. Interestingly, while knockdown of each factor resulted in similar phenotypes, their individual effects on recruitment of SIN3 to polytene chromosomes are distinct. Reduction of some factors leads to large changes in the morphology of the chromosome and/or greatly reduced SIN3 binding. These findings suggest that while individual SIN3 complex components work through distinct molecular mechanisms, they each make a substantial contribution to the overall function of this highly conserved histone deacetylase complex.
Controlled compensation via non-equilibrium electrons in ZnO
Authors: Xie Xiuhua , Li Binghui , Zhang Zhenzhong , Wang Shuangpeng , Shen Dezhen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDoping wide-band-gap semiconductor with impurities always accompanied spontaneous compensation of opposite charged intrinsic defects, which lead to invalid control of the type of free carriers. We demonstrate an effectual route to overcoming such detrimental defects formation during doping by suppressing Fermi level shifting using non-equilibrium carriers gathering on the polar epitaxial surfaces. Non-equilibrium carriers are generated by ultraviolet light excited interband transitions (photon energy greater than bandgap). Because the p-type dopants are compensated by non-equilibrium electrons at metal-polar surfaces, donor-type native defects are inhibited. This new doping strategy provides an attractive solution to self-compensation problems in wide–band-gap semiconductors with spontaneous polarization of the future.
Endogenous calcitonin regulates lipid and glucose metabolism in diet-induced obesity mice
Authors: Nakamura Misa , Nomura Sachiko , Yamakawa Tadashi , Kono Ryohei , Maeno Akihiro , Ozaki Takashi , Ito Akitoshi , Uzawa Toyonobu , Utsunomiya Hirotoshi , Kakudo Kennichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCalcitonin (CT) plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, and its precursor, proCT, is positively associated with the body mass index in the general human population. However, the physiological role of endogenous CT in the regulation of metabolism remains unclear. Knockout mice with gene-targeted deletion of exon 4 of Calca (CT KO) were generated by targeted modification in embryonic stem cells. Male mice were used in all experiments and were fed a slightly higher fat diet than the standard diet. The CT KO mice did not exhibit any abnormal findings in appearance, but exhibited weight loss from 15 months old, i.e., significantly decreased liver, adipose tissue, and kidney weights, compared with wild-type control mice. Furthermore, CT KO mice exhibited significantly decreased fat contents in the liver, lipid droplets in adipose tissues, serum glucose, and lipid levels, and significantly increased insulin sensitivity and serum adiponectin levels. CT significantly promoted 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and suppressed adiponectin release. These results suggested that CT gene deletion prevents obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in aged male mice. This is the first definitive evidence that CT may contribute to glucose and lipid metabolism in aged male mice, possibly via decreased adiponectin secretion from adipocytes.