bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Ultrasound Score Predicts Surfactant Need in Extremely Preterm Neonates
Authors: De Martino Lucia , Yousef Nadya , Ben-Ammar Rafik , Raimondi Francesco , Shankar-Aguilera Shivani , De Luca Daniele 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
There are several lung ultrasound scores (LUS) for evaluating lung aeration in critically ill adults with restrictive lung disorders. A modified LUS adapted for neonates correlates well with oxygenation and is able to be used to predict the need for surfactant in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, no data are available for extremely preterm neonates for whom timely surfactant administration is especially important. We hypothesized that LUS might be reliable in extremely preterm neonates with RDS who are treated with continuous positive airway pressure. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of LUS in predicting the need for surfactant treatment and re-treatment in this population.

METHODS:
We performed a prospective cohort diagnostic accuracy study between 2015 and 2016 in a tertiary-care academic center. Inborn neonates at ≤30 weeks’ gestation with RDS treated with continuous positive airway pressure were eligible. Surfactant was given on the basis of oxygen requirement thresholds derived from European guidelines, and a LUS was not used to guide surfactant treatment. We calculated the LUS after admission and analyzed its diagnostic accuracy to predict surfactant treatment and re-treatment.

RESULTS:
We enrolled 133 infants; 68 (51%) received 1 dose of surfactant and 19 (14%) received 2 surfactant doses. A LUS is significantly correlated with oxygenation index (ρ = 0.6; P &lt; .0001) even after adjustment for gestational age (P &lt; .0001). A LUS can be used to accurately predict the need for the first surfactant dose (area under the curve = 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.90–0.98; P &lt; .0001) and also the need for surfactant redosing (area under the curve = 0.803; 95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.89; P &lt; .0001). The global accuracy for the prediction of surfactant treatment and re-treatment is 89% and 72%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
LUS may be used to predict the need for surfactant replacement in extremely preterm neonates with RDS.
The effects of melatonin on the activity of the c-fos gene in the structures of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus under prolonged lighting
Authors: Bulyk R. Y. , Abramov A. V. , Bulyk T. S. , Kryvchanska M. I. , Vlasova K. V. 
Published: August 2018

The effect of constant illumination as a stress factor on the state of the "early response" c-fos gene in the lateral magnocellular subnuclei of the paraventricular nucleus (lmPVN) of the hypothalamus of rats at different time intervals (day and night) has been studied. To identify c-Fos in histological sections of the hypothalamus, a secondary (indirect) immunofluorescence method is used. Expression of the product of this gene, the c-Fos protein, in animals kept under normal conditions of alternation of illumination and darkness, shows a clear-cut circadian character. There was a significant decrease in the area of the immunopositive sites of structures at night by 19.4% compared to daytime measurements. The average values of the areas of such immunopositive subnuclei sites varied also in subgroups of rats under light stimulation conditions, in which samples of lmPVN were selected for study at 2 pm and 2 am, but the differences between groups did not reach the level of reliability. Under conditions of light stress, the c-Fos concentration index decreased by 29.4% during the day, and by 16.5% at night in relation to similar values in the intact group. In animals that were in the standard light mode, the c-Fos protein concentration index was significantly higher during the day than at night. In the intact group, the night value of the c-Fos concentration index averaged only 71.5% of the daily value. In rats subjected to constant illumination, the day and night values of the c-Fos concentration index did not differ reliably. To correct stress-induced changes in the activity of the "early response" c-fos gene in the rat hypothalamus, melatonin (0.5 mg/kg body weight of the animal) was used. Injections of melatonin to rats exposed to constant illumination normalized the circadian rhythm of the area of the material immunoreactive to c-Fos, compared to the group of animals that did not receive melatonin. When using melatonin against the background of constant illumination, a sharp increase of the protein concentration in the lmPVN subnuclei of hypothalamus in daytime and less pronounced at night intervals was detected. Injections of melatonin to animals were also reflected in the daily dynamics of the index of c-Fos protein content in the lmPVN subnuclei under conditions of constant illumination. In the daytime observation period, the index was almost twice the experimental data on stressed animals without the introduction of the hormone, bringing it closer to normal. Prospects for further research in this sphere will allow us to better understand the place and role of subnuclei of paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus in the mechanisms of the formation of circadian rhythms of the rat brain.
Cortex electrical activity during switching of motor programs among men and women
Authors: Korzhyk O. V. , Pavlovych O. S. , Dmytrotsa O. R. , Morenko A. H. 
Published: August 2018

The inhibition of motor response is considered as an important aspect of executive control, as a way of changing behaviour. Gender, as a biological characteristic, stipulates different peculiarities of brain processes and, as a consequence, different behaviour of men and women. In the context of the Stop-Change task, the aim of our study was to examine whether there were differences in the brain processes between men and women. The method of “event-related desynchronization / synchronization” – ERD / ERS EEG – was used to clarify that issue. 36 men and 38 women, healthy, between the ages of 18 and 22, right-handed, participated in the experiment of compliance with bioethical requirements. The application of Stop-Change task required from the participants under the condition of a low tone (600 Hz sound) to quickly press with the help of the index finger and release the left button of the remote control. If there was a high tone (1600 Hz sound) the participant had to rapidly press and release with the help of middle finger the right button of the console. The prevalence of event-related synchronization phenomena of the α- and β-EEG-activity in cortical areas was distinguished in groups of men and women. It was apparently related to some deactivation of the cortex during the switching of motor program that was launched. At the same time, cortical electrical activity acquired certain specific features of the frequency-spatial organization, which could indicate the existence of certain gender characteristics of the brain processes. The weaker ERG EEG among women (compared with men) at 10 Hz, 16 Hz in symmetrical frontal and left central and parietal areas was found. Instead, the relative increase of ERS EEG among women was set in the range of 10 Hz (right central areas), 13 Hz (frontal central areas) and 19 Hz (central parietal areas). Gender differences in the electrical activity of the cortex in the range above 25 Hz of the EEG were characterized by some instability of the ERS and ERD responses in the frequency and spatial aspects.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MICROBIOCENOSES OF THE CERVICAL CANAL DISCHARGE AND THE EJACULATE IN MARRIED COUPLES
Authors: Pochernikov D. G. , Postovoytenko N. T. , Strel’nikov A. I. , Pochernikova M. N. 
Published: August 2018

The study objectiveis to perform comparative evaluation of the microbiocenoses of the cervical canal discharge and the ejaculate in married couples using standard bacteriological culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test systems Androflor for men and Femoflor for women.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of medical histories of 154 married couples seeking medical help in the preconception period was conducted. All patients were divided into 2 groups: in 121 married couples, standard bacteriological cultures of the cervical canal discharge and the ejaculate were evaluated; in 33 couples, analysis of the cervical canal discharge and the ejaculate was performed using RTPCR test systems Androflor and Femoflor.Results. Monoinfection was significantly more frequent in the ejaculate than in the cervical canal discharge (p <0.05). In women, cultures were significantly more frequently identified as sterile compared to men (p = 0.01). According to the results of standard bacteriological study, in most observations microbiocenoses of the cervical canal discharge and the ejaculate of married couples didn’t match fully in microorganism composition (69.4 %) and matched exactly only in 18.2 % of cases. Evaluation using RT-PRC showed different microorganisms in the microbiocenoses of the ejaculate and the cervical canal discharge in 48 % of observations.Conclusion. The study demonstrates the uniqueness of urogenital microbiocenoses and attests to the necessity of examination of both partners at the stage of preconception preparation and unacceptability of prescribing the same treatment to both partners.
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC NONBACTERIAL PROSTATITIS AND INCREASED LEVEL OF SPERM DNA FRAGMENTATION WITH THE PROSTATILEN® AC DRUG
Authors: Borovets S. Yu. , Rybalov M. A. , Gorbachev A. G. , Al’-Shukri S. Kh. , Levina A. V. 
Published: August 2018

The study objectiveis to evaluate the results of treatment of patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, increased level of sperm DNA fragmentation, and concomitant reproductive function disorders with the Prostatilen® AC drug 1, 2, and 3 months after the end of therapy.Materials and methods. Thirty five men aged 21–46 years (mean age 31.3 ± 4.3 years) with a verified diagnosis of “chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, associated reproductive function disorders, history of early-stage missed miscarriage in a wife/sex partner” were examined. All patients received Prostatilen® AC as rectal suppositories daily for 10 days with a repeat course 20 days later. Before and after the treatment, as well as after 1, 2, and 3 months after its end, the fraction of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was measured in all patients using sperm chromatin structure assay with flow cytofluorometry. The risk of decreased fertility was considered low if the number of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was 15 % or lower (this value is considered the norm). If DNA fragmentation was 16 % or higher, it was considered increased.Results. The fraction of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA significantly decreased during the treatment, and 1 month after the end of the therapy it was 7.5 ± 4.2 % (prior to treatment it was 17.8 ± 6.7 %) (p <0.005). Prior to Prostatilen® AC treatment, enhanced DNA fragmentation was observed in 18 (51 %) patients, 1 month after treatment – only in 6 (17 %); the difference is statistically significant (p <0.001). Two months after the end of treatment, increased level of DNA fragmentation was detected in 7 (20 %) patients, 3 months after – in 15 (42 %) patients. Aside from that, if the fraction of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was more than 30 % before treatment, then a decrease in this value during treatment wasn’t statistically significant.Conclusion. Prostatilen® AC promotes a reduction in the level of sperm DNA fragmentation in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. A steady positive effect persists for 2 months with a tendency to weaken at the end of month 3 which indicates advisability of repeated courses of Prostatilen® AC treatment 2 months after the end of therapy.
Economic evaluation of postoperative hypofractionated radiation therapy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Afonin G. V. , Ragulin Yu. A. , Avxentyeva M. V. , Gulidov I. A. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D. 
Published: August 2018

Breast cancer remains the most common malignant neoplasm in women. According to the current standards, radiation therapy is one of the most important components of the multi-disciplinary treatment. The efficacy of the postoperative radiotherapy in both the traditional fractionation regimen and in the hypofractionation mode is not questioned. Contrary to the conventional fractionation, hypofractionation implies an increase in the daily dose and a reduction in the total treatment time. This approach helps reduce the treatment costs in patients with breast cancer while maintaining a high treatment efficacy and quality of life.The aim of the study was to analyze the economic efficiency of the dose hypofractionation as compared to the traditional mode of dose fractionation during postoperative radiation therapy in patients with breast cancer.Materials and methods. The study included 220 patients with breast cancer who received a combined treatment. Of these, 120 patients (study group) received hypofractionated radiotherapy (40.5 Gy in 15 fractions) whereas 100 patients of the control group were treated by the conventional therapy of 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Patients of the both groups were comparable by stages of the disease, systemic treatment, age and molecular type of tumor. The cost of treatment was calculated from the price list of this research center.Results. The present economic analysis showed that the method of hypofractionation was more (30% on average) cost-efficient than the conventional regimen while both modalities produced similar rates of total and relapse-free survival. We were then able to identify the main items in the list of medical services that contributed to the estimated difference in the treatment costs. Reducing the number of examinations and the treatment duration help reduce the expenditure of this medical organization.Сonclusion. Hypofractionation of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer allows one to reduce the treatment costs as compared to the conventional fractionation regimen. The funds saved by optimizing the costs of postoperative radiation can be directed to the development of additional means of cancer treatment.
Demography and etiology of congenital sensorineural hearing loss in children
Authors: Shrivastava O. P. , Gupta Anuj 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is 2-3 per 1000 live births in India, and out of 1000 babies, 1 is having profound degree of hearing loss at birth or in the pre-lingual age group. Hearing loss is categorized as syndromic or non-syndromic hearing loss. The present study was done to identify and diagnose children with SNHL and study the etiological profile, so that all necessary timely precautions may be taken as SNHL in pediatric age group affects not only development of speech and language, but also emotional, social and behavioural development.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Department of ENT of a tertiary care centre, in 50 children with congenital SNHL. Data on epidemiological and etiological factors were collected. All cases were analyzed for detailed history and underwent clinical and audiological assessment. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of cases presented between 2 and 4 years of age, however age of detection of congenital deafness by parents was most commonly observed in 6-12 months of age. Out of 50 cases, the maximum number of cases [14 (28%)] were having history of antenatal complications, 11 (22%) cases were having adverse perinatal and postnatal history, while in remaining cases, the etiological factors remained undetermined. In one case associated syndrome was observed (Van der Hoeve’s syndrome).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The increased occurrence of etiologies in this study was of prenatal origin, followed by perinatal origin. The present study conducted at a tertiary centre reflects the need of 'High risk' registry maintenance with active surveillance and subsequent screening for early detection of hearing loss.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
MENGIDENTIFIKASI KEMUKTABARAHAN TAREKAT SYAHADATAIN
Authors: Rosyid Moh 
Published: August 2018

<p><em>This article discusses about Shahadatayn tarîqah, one of lesser-known tarîqah in Indonesia. The writer explores it from a primary source written by Abah ‘Umar, the founder of this tarîqah and other supporting references. To be a member of Shahadatayn tarîqah, one is acknowledged through an inaugural ceremony (bay‘at), <em><em><span lang="IN">ḍ</span></em></em><em>uhâ</em></em><em> and tahajjud praying in fourty days, reciting <em><em><span lang="IN">ṣ</span></em></em><em>alawât</em></em><em> tunjînâ, wirid, Asmâ’ Nûr al-Îmân, and Asmâ’ <em>al-<em><span lang="IN">Ḥ</span></em></em><em>usnâ</em></em><em>. Shahadatayn is known for its uniqueness such as implementing the meaning of shahâdat in daily life, wearing white attire and turban when performing prayer, chanting after the obligatory prayers, <em><em><em><span lang="IN">ḍ</span></em></em><em>uhâ</em></em>, tahajud, and other sunna prayers. Shahadatayn tarîqah is not as famous as the other tarîqah as it has not been listed in the JATMAN as mu‘tabar version. This is</em><em> because </em><em>there is no murshid transformation from the Prophet Muhammad and continues through the path of the <em><em><span lang="IN">ṣ</span></em></em><em>âlih </em></em><em>to the murshid. JATMAN version can not be an absolute reference for it is within the circle of NU and not all tarekat residents are NU members. Furthermore, the actual Shahadatayn has a murshid lineage, i.e. from Prophet Muhammad, Sharif Hidayatullah, and Abah ‘Umar who is now passed on by his descendants. Although it is realized that the genealogy is not as many other tarîqahs, but the content of his teachings is in line with the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad.</em></p>
El teatro histórico como ámbito educativo. Análisis de cuatro obras para conmemorar el triunfo de la República en Querétaro, México.
Authors: Latapí Escalante Paulina 
Published: August 2018

Se parte del supuesto central de que las obras de teatro histórico, por las formas en que conjugan cogniciones y emociones, producen conocimiento a través de mecanismos de alto impacto. Se comprueba, tras la revisión de los estados del conocimiento más recientes en el campo de la enseñanza de la historia, que el estudio de ámbitos no formales de enseñanza y la emocionalidad, son temas que es necesario investigar. La presente investigación focalizó en cuatro obras de teatro histórico. Su estudio requirió de una metodología interdisciplinaria que trenzó conocimientos aportados por la filosofía, la antropología, la psicología y la neurociencia con los cuales se construyeron instrumentos de análisis que se procesaron mediante herramientas etnográicas aportadas por la Teoría Fundamentada. Los resultados arrojan categorías que explican la relación entre cogniciones y emociones suscitadas por las obras de teatro, dan cuenta de los insumos que las provocan, puntualizan cómo son un vehículo para generar empatía en relación a la adopción de perspectivas y a la humanización en relación con saberes previos. El trabajo es parte de la tesis doctoral de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, bajo la dirección del doctor Joan Pagès Blanch, y de la investigación registrada en la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro.
INVESTIGACIÓN E HISTORIAS RECIENTES ENSEÑADAS en la Nord Patagonia
Authors: Funes Graciela , Muñoz María Esther 
Published: August 2018

Este texto busca conocer las potencialidades de la enseñanza de las historias recientes para la construcción de ciudadanías múltiples y democráticas, que exigen una educación para la responsabilidad y la participación accionada a partir de enseñanzas con fundamento ético político. La investigación, de carácter cualitativo, se desarrolla en instituciones públicas de enseñanza elemental y media de varias ciudades de las provincias de Río Negro y Neuquén, y busca contribuir al conocimiento de la formación docente en historia.

La enseñanza de la Historia Reciente es altamente compleja, por lo que su presencia se recontextualiza desde múltiples abordajes. Pensar en el presente históricamente conlleva un reto epistemológico y un replanteo acerca de modelos historiográficos. Sin embargo, ello no significa ausencia en las aulas. Si bien, dar cuenta de los procesos recientes en la enseñanza, les exige a los/as docentes revisar y repensar en torno a estos retos y desafíos, supondría que entienden su importancia desde el compromiso de posibilitar y favorecer a la formación de ciudadanías activas, críticas y responsables con los problemas de los presentes por venir. Cuestiones abordadas en el marco de contextos diversos y heterogéneos.
كسرة همزة "إن" فى القرآن الكريم سورتي البقرة والقصص
Authors: Fahmi Ari Khairurrijal 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The objective of this research is to acquire deep understanding of the "Kasrah Hamzah Inna" on Alquran Alkareem Albaqarah and Alqashas Epistles, which consist of 149 verses. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method using content analysis of the verses of quran. The result showed that there are 97 % the "Kasrah" was compulsory, and 3% was uncompulsory. The most verses appear with "Inna" is in the beginning of the kalimah, and after the verb "Qaul" . The 97% of kasratu inna is a compulsory ,its divided into five: 1. At the beginning of the sentence amounted to 80 (54%) (and it is divided into 5; a.hakikat it was 13 (16%), b,hokum it was 3 (4%), c.ibtidaiyah it was 12 (15%), d. isti'nafiyyah it was 12 (15%), e. ta'liliyyah 40 (50%)). 2. After the Conjunction it was 1 (1%). 3. After the answer of oath sentence it was 1 (1%). 4. After the words amounted to 31 (21%). After the sentence torch circumstances it was 5 (4%). Meanwhile, the position of non compulsory kasratu Hamzah inna was founden after faa aljazaa, only 5 times (3%). The results show that many types of kasrah hamzah inna was founded in albaqarah and alqashas.
أشهر المصطلحات ذات العلاقة بتعليم اللغة العربية (النظريات في اكتساب اللغة وتعلمها)
Authors: Andini Siti Badriyah 
Published: August 2018

التجريد
هذا البحث لوصف أشهر المصطلحات ذات العلاقة بتعليم اللغة العربية (النظريات في اكتساب اللغة وتعلمها). والطريقة المستخدمة في هذا البحث هي الطريقة التحليلية الوصفية و هي من البحث النوعي من خلال لمصطلحات ذات العلاقة بتعليم اللغة العربية (النظريات في اكتساب اللغة وتعلمها). تعددت النظريات التي استنتجها العديد من علماء اللغة وحتى علماء النفس من تجاربهم المتنوعة منذ حقب بعيدة. وكل نظرية تتميز بميزاتها الخصة بها، وذلك سعيا إلى تيسير معلمي اللغة –خاصة معلمي لغة كاللغة الثانية- لإعداد الجو الصفي الذي يناسب المتعلمين وأيضا تيسير المتعلمين للاستلهام من هذه النظرية في اكتساب وتطوير لغتهم. فليس هناك التردد في القول أن هذه النظريات أمر لابد للراغبين في تعلم اللغة معرفتها بشكل جيد،كي تحقق ما تتمناه من دراسة اللغة.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Jauregui Julio J. , Nadarajah Vidushan , Shield William P. , Henn R. Frank , Gilotra Mohit , Hasan S. Ashfaq 
Published: August 2018

* The most common indication for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is primary rotator cuff tear arthropathy.* Indications for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty have expanded beyond rotator cuff tear arthropathy to include other pathologies such as irreparable rotator cuff tears, glenohumeral arthritis with an intact rotator cuff, acute proximal humeral fractures, the sequelae of proximal humeral fractures, neoplasms of the proximal part of the humerus, inflammatory arthropathies, and failed total shoulder arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty.* Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty continues to have high rates of complications, which include instability, infection, scapular notching, neurologic injury, and component loosening, among others.