bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PYROCATHECOL AND PYROGALLOL BASED ON THEIR REDOX REACTION WITH IRON(III)/PHENANTHROLINE SYSTEM
Authors: Mudasir Mudasir , Mugiyanti Mugiyanti , Hadipranoto Ngatidjo 
Published: January 2019

An analytical method for the spectrophotometric determination of some phenolic compounds, i.e.: pyrocathecol and pyrogallol based on their redox reaction with iron(III)-phenanthroline complex has been developed. These two compounds, in appropriate conditions, reduce iron(III)-phenanthroline complex to yield very stable and color-intense complex of iron(II)-phenanthroline, [Fe(phen)2]2+, whose concentration is equivalent to the amount of pyrocathecol or pyrogallol in the solution, and is easily detected by spectrophotometric method. Some parameters influencing the sensitivity of the determination were optimized. These included maximum absorption wavelength, pH of the solution, time and temperature of heatingand reagent to analyte minimum mole-ratio. Using the optimum conditions obtained, the analytical performance of the method was examined and the developed method was then applied to analyzed pyrocathecol and pyrogallol contents in several river water of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Result of the study showed that the optimum conditions for the determination of pyrocathecol are as follows: maximum absorption wavelength (lmax) at 510 nm, pH of the solution = 4, heating time = 120 min, heating temperature = 70 0C and the minimum mole ratio of reagent to analyte is 8. On the other hand, the optimum conditions for the determination of pyrogallol are as follows: maximum absorption wavelength (lmax) at 510 nm, pH of the solution = 5, heating time = 90 min, heating temperature = 90 0C and the minimum mole ratio of reagent to analyte is 7. At the corresponding conditions of analysis, calibration curves for pyrocathecol and pyrogallol are linear in the range concentration of 0.00 - 0.16 ppm and 0.00 - 0.24 ppm, respectively. The correlation coefficients for both compounds were found to be higher than 0.998 and the detection limits went down below 0.07 ppm. It has been demonstrated that the developed method can be applied for the determination of pyrocathecol and pyrogallol contents in natural samples. Keywords: Spectrophotometry, phenolic compounds, 1,10-phenanthroline, redox reaction
SILVER RECYCLING FROM PHOTO-PROCESSING WASTE USING ELECTRODEPOSITION METHOD
Authors: Hadiyanto Mochammad Feri , Kuncaka Agus 
Published: January 2019

Silver electrodeposition of photo-processing waste and without addition of KCN 1,0 M has been studied for silver recycling. Photo procesing waste containing silver in form of [Ag(S2O3)2]3- was electrolysed at constant potential and faradic efficiency was determined at various of electrolysis times. Electrolysis of 100 mL photo processing waste without addition of KCN 1,0 M was carried out at constant potential 1.20 Volt, while electrolysis 100 mL photo procesing waste with addition of 10 mL KCN 1,0 M electrolysis was done at 1.30 Volt.The results showed that for silver electrodeposition from photo processing waste with addition of KCN 1,0 M was more favorable with faradic efficiency respectively were 93,16; 87,02; 74,74 and 78,35% for 30; 60; 90 and 120 minutes of electrolysis. Keywords: Silver extraction, electrodeposition, photo-processing waste
DETERMINATION OF MANY-BODY EFFECT OF [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>n</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (n=1-6) COMPLEXES BASE ON AB INITIO CALCULATIONS
Authors: Pranowo Harno Dwi , Wijaya Karna , Setiaji Bambang , Janu Rhano Setyan 
Published: January 2019

The computational chemistry calculation to determine the stabilization energy and ligand-ligand repulsion energies of [Co(NH3)n]2+ system was done by using LANL2DZ basis set for Co2+ and 6-31G* basis set for NH3 at the level theory of unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF). Result from the calculation shows that the larger number of NH3 ligand present in the complex give the effect of the lower average binding energy per ligand molecule, i.e. -503,29 kJ/mol for [Co(NH3)]2+ and then decrease to -338,025 kJ/mol for octahedral [Co(NH3)6]2+ complex. A correlation between the number of ligand and the metal ion-ligand bond distance was studied. The result shows that the metal ion-ligand bond distance increases along with the larger number of the ligand. The calculation of average pair interaction energies between Co2+ and NH3 in [Co(NH3)n]2+ complexes were done in order to determine the error possibility caused by the neglect of non-additivity contribution. The results indicate that the maximum relative error with respect to the pair potential, %ΔEavpi, is 17,64 % [Co(NH3)6]2+ complex. Keywords: unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF); basis set; many-body effectCorresponding Author : Harno Dwi Pranowo (harnodp@ugm.ac.id)
SYNTHESIS of 3.4-METHYLENEDIOXYPHENYL-2-PROPANONE from SAFROLE
Authors: Sohilait Hanoch J , Sastrohamidjojo Hardjono , Matsjeh Sabirin , Grossert J Stuart 
Published: January 2019

The Synthesis of 3.4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone from safrole has been achieved through conversion of allyl group to secondary alcohol, followed by oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate(PCC). The secondary alcohol has been achieved by two methods. The first method was formic acid adition reaction, followed by hydrolysis in aqueous ethanolic solution of potassium hydroxide. The second method was the oxymercuration-demercuration reaction of safrole. The addition reaction of safrole with formic acid yield safrylformate (34,70%). The hydrolysis of safrylformate with 3M KOH produced safrylalchohol (73,29%). The oxymercuration-demercuration reaction of safrole with Hg(OAc)2-NaBH4 gave (74,37%) of safrylalcohol. The oxidation of safryalcohol with PCC gave 3.4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone as a main target in 71,83%. The structure elucidations of these products were analyzed by FTIR , 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS. Keyword: 3.4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone; safrole
PENINGKATAN PERANAN WANITA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN* Teori dan ImpiikasiKebijaksanaan
Authors: Nasikun Nasikun 
Published: January 2019

Ditulis kembali dengan perbaikan dari makalah yang sebelumnya disampaikan pada "Seminar Peranan Wanita Dalam Pembangunan: Antara Harapan dan Realita", yang diselenggarakan oleh Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 21Maret 1990. Sesuai dengan naskah aslinya, pada saat itu tulisan di Jurnal Populasi belum dilengkapi dengan abstraksi.
VARIASI TINGKAT KEMATIAN BAYI DAN HARAPAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA MENURUT PROPINSI: HASIL SENSUS PENDUDUK 1990
Authors: Kasto Kasto 
Published: January 2019

This study tries to investigate the infant mortality rate and life expectancy based on the 1990 Population Census, and to observe its variations among provinces that take place in the urban as well as in the rural areas of Indonesia. As a whole, the estimate of infant mortality rate and the expectation of life based on the 1990 Population Census is 69 per one thousand life births and 60 years for both urban and rural areas. The variation in the rural areas is larger than in the urban regions.During the period from 1980 to 1990 the infant mortality rate in Indonesia decreased by 4.29 percent annually. If this rate continued to increase till the end of 2000, the infant mortality rate by this time would be 45 per one thousand life births, whereas the expectation of life at birth would become 68 years.Many determinants of infant mortality rates should be taken into account to reduce the figures, particularly the coverage and the quality of the public health service which directly influences the child survival, as well as other determinants which indirectly,yet simultaneously, influence it.
ANGKA KELAHIRAN DI INDONESIA Perkembangan Selama Dua Dasa Warsa Terakhir
Authors: Sukamdi Sukamdi 
Published: January 2019

Using "own children method", the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Indonesia based on the 1990 Population Census is lower (3326) than as hadbeen expected. This has resulted in the fast decrease of fertility rate during the last decade. There is a tendency that the decrease of fertility rate in Indonesia is correlated negatively to fertility rate. The lower the fertility rate, the faster the decrease would become. It tends to be a deviation to the usual concept that correlation between fertility rate and its decrease is positive.'This maybe because the fertility rate of Indonesia is still higher than the optimum value.Based on the decreases occurred during the last two decades, it is estimated that Indonesia will soon reach a replacement level after the year 2000. It might be even sooner if the decline of the fertility rate during the period of 1980-1990was applied. Along with the increase of life expectancy, this will rapidly change the population structure.The total fertility rate varied among provinces. There are several provinces which have very low fertility rate and are estimated to continue until the year 2000. They are, for instance,Yogyakarta and Bali. However, there are also provinces having high fertility rates such as Southeast Sulawesi and Irian Jaya. This differentiation infertility rates should be noted in implementing the population policy.
POLA DAN ARAH MIGRASI PENDUDUK ANTAR PROPINSI DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1990
Authors: Mantra Ida Bagoes 
Published: January 2019

Inter provincial migration in Indonesia has long been known. The 1990 Population Census of Indonesia reveals that throughout the provincies of Indonesia the birth place of most of the inhabitants was not the province where they now live. The number of these migrants kept increasing, and had reached 14.8 million by the year 1990.The size of the flow of migrants to a certainprovince is very much influenced by the upsand downs of the development of the province since their reasons to migrate are mostly due to economic matters. Since most of the development of Indonesia has been intensified in the northern and eastern parts of the country, it has been observed that since 1990 there has been an increasing flow of migrants heading to these areas.On the whole, migrants preferred to go to the cities rather than to the rural areas. Nevertheless, in the provinces out side Jawa and Bali most people preferred to migrate to the rural areas.
KONSEP DAN INDIKATOR DAYA TAMPUNG SOSIAL
Authors: Faturochman Faturochman , Widaningrum Ambar 
Published: January 2019

Even though the definition on social environment carrying capacity has been stated in the Act of The Republic of Indonesia number 10 of 1992, the concept should, however, be developed further, particularly in developing a more 'applicable' social carrying capacity indicators. Ideally, the development of the concepts and indicators of the social carrying capacity is able to formulate the limits of human and group's capabilities in creating social harmony. For this reason, the social carrying capacity is supposed to be looked uponthrough various related aspects all at once. By relating these aspects together, some possible prediction on various conditions of social environment carrying capacity could be carried out.
SEX DAN GENDER: APA DAN MENGAPA
Authors: Molo Marcellinus 
Published: January 2019

This article introduces the elementary concepts, such as feminist perspective, sex, gender, and gender relations. Sex is a biological fact. The individual's quality and capacity and the roles derived from them, are difined along sex lines. During a long history, this perspective has been accepted in society. The dichotomy of ideal roles for both males and females, was the manifestation of such a statusquo.Criticisms to the division of quality and roles was based on the reason that the ideal roles was not a result of natural process, but of social processes and cultural transformations, under the dominant male culture. Gender has also been used for deconstructing the statusquo. Discourse and counter-discourse processes has been directed towards deconstruction both at the ideological and behavioral levels.
KONSEP-KONSEP KEGIATAN OFF-FARM
Authors: Suratiyah Ken 
Published: January 2019

Because of the increasingly limited agricultural areas, farm households could no longer depend merely on their farming products. The farmers try to obtain a double income from various off-farm resources. All of the existing family labourers -if they are still able and willing- are mobilized to join the off- farm employment for their household survivals.Off farm activities have become increasingly significant to the poorer burners, whereas for many social scientists they form substantial information which needs through attention to be able to estimate the farm honsebold income. Evenso, there has not been a uniformity of understanding among the scientists themselves about the main definition of off-farm activities. Consequently, there are varieties of meaning in analyzing farm household income coming from various sources of occupation.In this paper the author tries to present several alternatives of definition obtained from several researchers with the hope to ohtain agreements about the main definition of off-burn activities.
CURAHAN KEGIATAN SUAMI ISTRI DALAM RUMAH TANGGA TRANSMIGRAN
Authors: Bandiyono Suko 
Published: January 2019

The study on the role of women in the community is always interesting to be carried out. This writing is a report on a study on the role of women in a migrant household focussing particularly on the work allocation of husband and wife in the transmigration area. The assumption which suggested that when the housewife has to work outside the transmigration settlement, and that the husband (who works in the transmigration settlement) then should take over all the domestic chores, has proved to be different from reality. Almost all of the household chores still remain to be performed by the women. This shows that women who work outside the transmigration settlement have to work extra harder and consume much more time in their activities. Even so, the domestic work allocation of a husband in their economic activities is larger than his wife. For this reason, both husband and wife of a migrant household have to perform a double role - although differently - in their capacity.
KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFI, SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI SUMBER DAYA PEMUDA INDONESIA
Authors: Kasto Kasto 
Published: January 2019

The productivity of youth must be increased in the development process of Indonesia. According to the 1990 population census, there are 50.7 million youths (people at the age between 15-29years). Out of that number, only 52.1 percent who have directly participated in the development process, because their main activities are working. Of the rest, 20.6 percent took care of houses; 17.1percent studied; 3.6 percent were looking for a job, and 6.6 percent were included in the non productive group. Out of 52.1 percent or 26.4 million youth who worked, 33.4 percent worked below the normal working hours (less than 35 hours per week). Based on the field of work, 52.8 percent worked in the agricultural sector. According to the type of job, 91.2 percent worked as rough or unskilled workers, and based on the work status, 65.1percent worked in the informal sectors. These numbers reflect on the low quality of Indonesia's youth labor force, and this must be immediately removed, mainly through education, remembering that 61.6 percent of youths have no more than primary education.
AIDS, PROFESI KEDOKTERAN, DAN KESEHATAN PUBLIK
Authors: Hasanbasri Mubasyir 
Published: January 2019

The need for promoting individual responsibility in health is crucial particularly in the context of limited resources. In looking at a continuing increase in the number of HIV cases reported in Indonesia tend to show the limitation of individuals' control upon their health. The policy of taking very much the privacy right of the victim into account has implicated the role of medical profession reducing the HIV transmission. This paper argues for increasing public accountability of medical practitioners and hospitals as public health agencies in protecting hidden transmission of HIV in society.
PENDEKATAN SOSIAL DALAM PENELITIAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI
Authors: Sciortino Rosalia 
Published: January 2019

Population problems, particularly fertility and family planning program, used to be approached from a clinical instead of socio-culture perspectives. A clinical point of view never involves through aspect of reproductive right thought; which includes the right of any individuals (men and women) and couples (husband-wife) in making decisions in terms of reproductive behaviour along their reproductive ages. In this regard, this paper states that reproductive healthproblems should be understood from a social perspective. This is because reproductive health problems is cause and influence social, political,and economic system as well as gender relation. Therefore, the selection of the appropriate social - cultural research methods/approaches is undoubtedly needed. Methodology should be developed appropriately to meet the research goals and objectives.
MENGATASI KEMISKINAN: AGENDA PEMBANGUNAN YANG TAK PERNAH SELESAI*
Authors: Sukamdi Sukamdi 
Published: January 2019

Development for three decades in Indonesia has gained a significant result in lowering poverty. However, the statistic shows that a large number of people is still under poverty line. Inaddition, poverty has another dimension which might be more crucial to be solved, that are social and political poverty. The next unfinished agenda of development is how to solve this problem to accelerate the success of economic poverty aleviation.
JAMINAN SOSIAL DALAM TRANSISI
Authors: Faturochman Faturochman 
Published: January 2019

As a poor reliever, social security has been effective in nature but economically in efficient. In developed countries, however, it has tended to be more efficient in the recent years. While the formal social security provided by the state is very limited, the informal social security in Indonesia has been cut back as indicated by the intervention of the authorities, commodification and monetization. The changing of the social security in developed countries as well as in Indonesia has really annotedthe vulnerable people.
KEUSAHAWANAN DAN USAHA KECIL DI PEDESAAN
Authors: Sutanto Agus 
Published: January 2019

Since the 1970s, the growing interest on the development of small enterprises has been decorating the scene of government policy in developing countries as well as the international donor concern. The failure and cost of industrialization, the limitations of the agricultural sector, and the low capability of the formal sector in responding to the growing population are among the factors justifying this policy initiation. Another important factor is the intrinsic potential and prospect of small enterprises, despite their development problems. This research conducted on 4 villages within the Province of Yogyakarta Special Region and CentralJava is aimed at contributing to a rather comprehensive view on the profile of small enterprises and the profile of small entrepreneurs. A specific emphasis is given to rural entrepreneurship due to its crucial role in accelerating the development of small enterprises.
KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI DAN KELUARGA BERENCANA: IMPLIKASI PROGRAM AKSI KAIRO DI INDONESIA
Authors: Suyono Haryono 
Published: January 2019

Cairo action program or more popularly known as "Plan of Action " is not a difficult thing to be done in Indonesia provided that it relates to the mandate of GBHN (Guidelines of State Policy) 1993 and of Act Number 101992 as wellas is not against the main point of the Second PJP (Long Term Development), i.e. the economic field is in line with the quality of human resources. In this writing, the State Minister on Population/Head of BKKBN (National Family Planning Board) gives some explanation about the "Plan of Action" among other things: reproduction rights, reproduction health, andfamily planning. Most of these things have been done in Indonesia. Therefore, it was not surprising if Indonesia gave more inputs in the Cairo conference.
KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI, HAK REPRODUKSI, DAN REALITAS SOSIAL
Authors: Affandi Biran 
Published: January 2019

Reproduction process is really not a dangerous activity because it has gender rights reflected in the supporting components, i.e. ability, success, and safety. In the social reality, however, it is found different, as the high mortality rates of mothers and children, the appearance of sexual intercourse disease, and the side effects of contraceptive use. Biran Affandi, in his writing, describes social realities of the reproduction health which tends to be in the high risky point especially for women. All of these are as the consequence of the individuals who do not adhere their reproduction right.
KEBIJAKAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA
Authors: Djaelani Joyce S.H. 
Published: January 2019

Indonesian adolescents are 37 per cent of the total of population of this country. The large quantity, however, is comparatively unequal to the right of reproduction health service they receive. They are often seen in the position as an "isolated tribe". Consequently, not only few adolescents, especially the female ones become victims of "Mimi Momo". This writing begins with a description of a case related to the reproduction health hitting an adolescent, then besides being related to the Cairo action program, it is also correlated with the recommendation on the policies of the reproduction service for adolescents.
SEKSUALITAS DAN KETAHANAN KELUARGA
Authors: Singarimbun Masri 
Published: January 2019

Sexuality is closely related to thefamily resistance, and the safe sexual behavior is considered as a characteristic of faithfulness. However, it seems that the test of a husband's or a wife's faithfulness becomes heavier since the prostitution location can nearly be found everywhere. Sexual freedom in the youth's circle is a sign that such a location will not easily disappear in the earth, because thefreedom becomes one of the prostitution causes.
MUTU PELAYANAN KELUARGA BERENCANA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sadli Saparinah 
Published: January 2019

The quality of TP service in Indonesia stillshows some weak points i.e. weaknesses in the quality ofgimng information and in that of interpersonal interaction, so that the clients who want to optimally get their satisfaction in the choice of effective, economically reachable, safe, and suitable methods become vague. Saparinah Sadli, in her writing shows the weak points of the TP service based on an emperical study. Turther, she also shows the solution formula related to the Cairo action program.
TRANSFORMASI STRUKTUR PEREKONOMIAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN
Authors: Affandi Abbas 
Published: January 2019

There are three points to discuss in this paper. The first is to observe influences of economic-structures transformation on rural society's prosperity. The second is to analyze impacts of production factors transformation on traditional economic agents. The third is to scrutinize institutional factors role on prosperity of rural economic structures. In this paper, rural economic structures can be classified into three groups. They are agricultural, non-agricultural and combination of the two. The result shows that (1) transformation of economic structure has positive impact onfamily's prosperity in rural area. The non agricultural activities tend to stimulate the creation of the prosperity of rural society than the agricultural ones do. (2) Capital and education are very determining factors to improve rural society's prosperity. In the structures of economic combination and non-agricultural, technology also has significant role in increasing society's prosperity. On institutional role, it is known that KUD (Village Unit Cooperation) in its manifestation has not functioned wellas to increase farmers' prosperity.