bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and population structure of a mini-core subset from the world cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) germplasm collection
Authors: Fatokun Christian , Girma Gezahegn , Abberton Michael , Gedil Melaku , Unachukwu Nnanna , Oyatomi Olaniyi , Yusuf Muyideen , Rabbi Ismail , Boukar Ousmane 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe International Institute of Tropical Agriculture maintains the world’s largest collection of cowpea germplasm of over 15,000 accessions. A sub-set of 298 lines from the loosely composed mini core collection of 370 landraces were genotyped based on genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Ward’s minimum variance hierarchical cluster analysis, model-based ancestry analysis and discriminant analysis of principal component (DAPC) were carried out on this sub-set. Three clusters were identified by the different clustering methods. Principal component analysis further supported the three clusters especially when accessions are scattered along the axes of the first two principal components. The first two principal components explained a total of 22.30% of the variation. Cluster one comprises 115 accessions from the largest number of countries and has the highest gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) values. Cluster two is made up of 102 accessions, 90 percent of which are from West and Central Africa. Analysis of molecular variance shows that the most variation is among accessions and lowest among clusters. No cluster is made exclusively of accessions from a single country. Based on SNP markers, the sub set of cowpea mini core germplasm collection used in this study encompasses the diversity in the crop.
FEZF1-AS1 is a key regulator of cell cycle, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Cheng Yunzhou 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background: Accumulating studies discloses that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve important roles in human tumorigenesis, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of lncRNA FEZF1-AS1 in NPC.
Materials and methods: The expression levels of FEZF1-AS1 in NPC tissues and cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR analysis. MTT assay was performed to investigate the proliferation of NPC cells in vitro, whereas the migration and invasion of NPC cells were determined by wound healing assay and transwell assay. A nude mouse tumor model was established to study the role of FEZF1-AS1 in NPC tumorigenesis in vivo. The expression levels of proteins were detected by Western blot assay.
Results: The results showed that FEZF1-AS1 expression was increased in the NPC tissues and cell lines, and the higher expression of FEZF1-AS1 was closely associated with poor prognosis of NPC patients. We further observed that knockdown of FEZF1-AS1 inhibited the proliferation of NPC cells in vitro and suppressed NPC xenograft growth in vivo through inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. The migratory and invasive abilities of NPC cells were also reduced upon FEZF1-AS1 knockdown. Moreover, we demonstrated that inhibition of FEZF1-AS1 remarkably suppressed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduced β-catenin accumulation in nucleus in NPC cells.
Conclusions: Collectively, we showed that FEZF1-AS1 might be a key regulator of cell cycle, EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in NPC cells, which may be helpful for understanding of pathogenesis of NPC.
Design of highly reliable energy‐efficient SEU tolerant 10T SRAM cell
Authors: Kumar C.I. , Anand B. 
Published: October 2018

A novel energy‐efficient radiation hardened by design 10T static RAM (SRAM) cell is proposed. The parasitic extracted simulations show that by employing the proposed 10T‐SRAM cell, an average improvement of ∼ 29, 5/10%, and 108/129%, in layout area, write/read access time (WAT/RAT), and write/read static noise margin (WSNM/RSNM), respectively, is obtained over the recently reported 10T‐SRAM cell at a supply voltage 0.4 V in STMicroelectronics 65 nm technology. The proposed SRAM cell at 32 nm technology node using technology computer‐aided design mixed‐mode simulations is also validated. In 32 nm technology, the proposed SRAM cell shows 42/125% and 54/8%, in WSNM/RSNM and WAT/RAT, respectively, better results as compared with 10T SRAM cell at a supply voltage 0.3 V. In 32 nm technology, the proposed SRAM cell can mitigate the impact of heavy‐ion strike with a linear energy transfer of 30 MeV cm2/mg.
Development and application of lightning flashover limited equipment for 220 kV AC transmission line
Authors: Cao Wei , Wan Shuai , Gu Shanqiang , Xu Heng , Chen Jiahong , Wang Jian , Lv Jun 
Published: October 2018

In order to solve the operation problems of traditional lightning protection equipment (for example, line arrester and parallel gap) for 220 kV AC transmission line, a novel lightning protection equipment – lightning flashover limited equipment for 220 kV AC transmission line – has been developed successfully, which owns the advantages of line arrester and parallel gap. Technical parameters, and electrical and mechanical performances are researched through theoretical calculation and experimental verification, and an installation structure of new split type is designed. The results show that the lightning flashover limited equipment has good electrical and mechanical performance and meets insulation, tensile, and bending requirements. By now, more than 200 sets of lightning flashover limited equipment for 220 kV AC transmission line have been applied on lines in four provinces of China. About 2 years of operating experience show that all the sets of lightning flashover limited equipment work safely and reliably.
Study on working condition of 750 kV AC filter breaker in ± 1100 kV UHVDC system
Authors: Zhao Zexin , Guo Jie , Yu Fang , Rao Xuni , Wu Xiaoke 
Published: October 2018

In this article, the Changji‐Guquan ± 1100 kV ultra‐high voltage direct current (UHVDC) system has been established by PSCAD software, especially for the arc of the circuit breakers. The AC filter groups and the control strategy have been analysed based on the reactive power demand of this system, AC system voltage amplitude, and harmonic limit. This article mainly studies inrush currents and overvoltage, especially recovery voltage caused by switching circuit breaker of AC filter in the different working conditions. Simulation results show that the currents through circuit breakers are capacitive and contain a variety of harmonics. There will be a high inrush current when a circuit breaker of AC filter is closing, which can be suppressed by phase selection switch device and appropriate closing resistance. A higher DC transmission power and a less short circuit both make the recovery voltage of circuit breakers higher when the AC filters are removed. The maximum transient recovery voltage of circuit breakers of AC filters can be suppressed by adding the parallel opening resistors. In a certain range, higher resistance of opening resistor makes a better suppression effect on recovery voltage.
Additional reactive power control and emergency control of the ±1100 kV UHVDC system with a hierarchical connection mode
Authors: Xiong Yongxin , Yao Wei , Wen Jinyu 
Published: October 2018

This paper proposes an additional reactive power control strategy and an emergency control strategy for ±1100 kV ultra‐high voltage direct current (UHVDC) system with a hierarchical connection mode, in which the inverter station connect to two AC systems with different voltage levels. Firstly, the relationship between reactive power and DC voltage is analysed. Then, an additional reactive power control strategy is proposed to solve the voltage fluctuation caused by reactive power disturbance. Next, the reactive power emergency control strategy is proposed when a short‐circuit fault occurs. Reactive power compensation devices will be inputted into the fault‐free AC system to provide reactive power support through coupling relationship between two AC systems in the inverter side. Simulation results show that the additional reactive power control strategy can suppress reactive power disturbances without affecting the active power. Moreover, the reactive power emergency control strategy can reduce the probability of commutation failure in converters connected to the fault AC system while a short‐circuit fault occurs.
Analysis of resonant characteristics of Yunnan power grid under different operating modes of AC/DC hybrid systems
Authors: Helin Liu , Jun Wen , Shiyou Yu , Jiaqi Li 
Published: October 2018

Resonance or harmonic amplification occurs when the frequency of the harmonics generated by the converter station is near the inherent resonance frequency of the substation. Considering there are six DC projects in the Yunnan power grid, analysing the resonant characteristics of the grid is imperative for safety reasons. This study establishes a simulation platform of the Yunnan power grid based on the Power System Analysis Software Package and formulates the modelling principles and simulation steps. In order to successfully analyse the resonant characteristics of a substation under normal operation mode and put forward any necessary suggestions, the impedance frequency of all 500 kV substations in the power grid are scanned. This is followed by studying, the influence of different operation modes of Yunnan power grid and different operation modes of DC system of Luxi converter station on the resonant characteristics of Yunnan substation. Based on these results, effective measures for resonance suppression are proposed.
Harmonic analysis of AC‐bus voltage in converter station based on time–frequency transformation
Authors: Dandan Zhao , Hua Huang , Junhua Liu , Wenbin Zhao , Heng Jin , Jiamin Zhang , Huawei Huang 
Published: October 2018

The disturbance of the AC system has become one of the main causes of commutation failure in the high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system. Here, the time–frequency transformation method is used to analyse the AC‐bus voltage disturbance from the perspective of the harmonic content of the AC power network. The time–frequency transformation for AC‐bus voltage disturbance is difficult due to its characteristics of time variability and time fixity. With comparative analysis of various transformation methods, the method of combining the wavelet packet transform with the short‐time Fourier transform can meet the requirement of time–frequency analysis of the AC voltage disturbance very well, and this method was used to analyse the fault recording data of Fengjing Convert Station when commutation failure occurred in recent years. The result shows that the AC‐bus voltage mainly contained third and fifth harmonics, and there was a certain amount of even harmonics, and the low‐order harmonics would be more in the case of a remote fault. In addition, there were more harmonics in the voltage when faults occurred in the 500 kV system, while there were more low‐order harmonics when faults occurred in the other voltage class systems.
Characteristics of commutation failure based on fault recording
Authors: Zheng Han , Jingkai Zhu , Jian Zou , Jia Chen , Hua Huang , Heng Jin , Dan‐dan Zhao 
Published: October 2018

Commutation failure of the high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system is common fault in a converter station. The fault recording in one converter station when commutation failure caused by the disturbance of the AC system was collected, and the turn‐off angle of valves, zero‐crossing offset, and landing amplitude of bus voltage were calculated and statistically analysed. The results suggested that, in the case of commutation failure, the turn‐off angle of the 82% of cases was <8°, and there were a few cases whose turn‐off angle was very nearly the same as that in normal operation. The number of cases whose zero‐crossing offset was <10° accounted for 95% of the total, and the zero‐crossing offset of the AC bus line voltage generally presented a positive correlation with the reverse cut‐off time of the valves. The landing amplitude of the AC bus voltage before the time point for commutation failure analysis fall within 10% for >90% cases, and the average was ∼4.6%. The number of cases, whose zero sequence voltage peaks was <50 kV, accounted for 97% of the total. The results will provide basic data for analysing the main influencing factors of commutation failure and setting up countermeasures for the HVDC system.
Fragmentation de Marangoni : les gouttes qui s’éclatent
Authors: Keiser Ludovic , Bense Hadrien , Sturtz Cyril , Colinet Pierre , Roman Benoît , Bico José , Reyssat Étienne 
Published: October 2018

Une goutte d'eau déposée à la surface d'un bain d'huile de tournesol forme une lentille liquide flottante. Une goutte d'alcool, au contraire, s'étale à la surface de l'huile. Un mélange d'eau et d'alcool produit un spectaculaire phénomène d'étalement et de fragmentation spontanée.
Si la goutte contient suffisamment d'alcool, elle donne naissance en quelques secondes à une myriade de gouttelettes dont la taille dépend fortement de la composition initiale. La combinaison de l'hydrodynamique, du mouillage et de l'évaporation est à l'origine de cette instabilité originale.
Langzeitergebnisse des seroserös eingebetteten und getaperten Ileums als efferentes Segment verschiedener Harnableitungsreservoire („Fulda-Nippel“)
Authors: Stein Johannes , Müller Stefan C. , Hauser Stefan , Fechner Guido 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Arbeitsgruppe um Kälble stellte 2008 das „Serosa lined and tapered ileum“ („Fulda-Nippel“) als neuen Kontinenzmechanismus des modifizierten MAINZ-Pouch-I vor. In Anlehnung an das Prinzip von Abol-Enein wird ein getapertes Ileumsegment in einen seroserösen Tunnel aus einem zweiten „U“-förmigen Ileumsegment eingebettet. Bei dieser Technik werden Kontinenzmechanismus und Augmentation miteinander kombiniert. Sie kann in allen Pouchformen und auch als kontinente Vesikostomie genutzt werden.
Patienten und Methoden In der urologischen Klinik des Universitätsklinikums Bonn wurde diese Technik seit 2008 in bisher 21 Fällen bei unterschiedlichen Indikationen verwendet. In der ersten Analyse von 2011 konnte der Nippel bereits durch geringe Frühkomplikationsraten überzeugen. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Re-Evaluation der Technik insbesondere im Hinblick auf Stenose- und Inkontinenzraten im Langzeitverlauf.
Ergebnisse Bei einer mittleren Nachbeobachtungszeit von 37 Monaten traten Stomastenosen in 33 % der Fälle auf. Eine Inkontinenz des Nippels wurde bei 21 % (n = 4) der Patienten beobachtet. Bei zwei der Patienten war die Ursache der Inkontinenz das komplette Ausgleiten des Nippels aus der seroserösen Einbettung.
Schlussfolgerung In der Langzeitanalyse zeigen sich ähnliche Stenose- und Inkontinenzraten im Vergleich zu den zwei etabliertesten Techniken, dem Appendixnippel und dem Ileuminvaginationsnippel. Trotz Limitation aufgrund der kleinen Fallzahl ist der Fulda-Nippel zumindest als eine adäquate „Zweitlinientechnik“ bei Versagen der initialen Methode anzusehen. Als Vesikostomie bietet der Fulda-Nippel den Vorteil, Augmentation und Kontinenzmechanismus elegant miteinander zu vereinen und sollte hier auch als Primärtechnik Verwendung finden.
Ist die Verordnung von vergrößernden Sehhilfen anhand der Krankenakte möglich oder bedarf es einer Beratung in einer Sehbehindertenambulanz?
Authors: Engesser Diana , Engesser Raphael , Stifter Julia , Atzrodt Lisa , Böhringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Viele Sehbehinderte und Blinde können mit vergrößernden Sehhilfen wieder Lesefähigkeit erreichen. Diese Hilfsmittel werden an der Klinik für Augenheilkunde in Freiburg in der Sehbehindertenambulanz im Rahmen einer zeitaufwendigen Sprechstunde erprobt und verordnet. Es stellt sich deshalb die Frage, ob die Auswahl und Verordnung der Sehhilfen auch automatisiert nach Aktenlage möglich ist.
Methoden Mittels Datenbankrecherche wurden zwischen 2001 und 2016 folgende Parameter aus den Arztbriefen der Sehbehindertenambulanz extrahiert: Diagnose, bestkorrigierte Sehschärfe, Vergrößerungsbedarf, verordnete Sehhilfe und Versorgungswunsch. Die Sehhilfenverordnungen (optische Lupen, elektronische Lupen und Bildschirmlesegeräte) wurden mittels statistischer Modelle vorhergesagt und mit den tatsächlichen Verordnungen verglichen.
Ergebnisse Die Datenbankrecherche erbrachte insgesamt 1203 Patienten. 64% waren weiblich, das mediane Lebensalter betrug 80 Jahre. Verordnet wurden 29% Bildschirmlesegeräte, 11% elektronische Lupen, 34% optische Lupen und 26% sonstige Hilfsmittel bzw. kein Hilfsmittel. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen statistisch vorhergesagter und tatsächlicher Sehhilfenverordnung betrug insgesamt nur 73%. Dabei erwies sich der Vergrößerungsbedarf als statistisch signifikantester Faktor.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Zuverlässigkeit einer automatisierten Verordnung von vergrößernden Sehhilfen nach Aktenlage ist für den klinischen Alltag nicht ausreichend. Deshalb ist eine individuelle und persönliche Beratung mit ausführlicher Erprobung von vergrößernden Sehhilfen in der Sprechstunde wichtig. Hinzu kommt, dass dort neben der reinen Hilfsmittelverordnung regelhaft auch eine psychosoziale Beratung erfolgt.
Indikationen für den Einsatz von Endoanchors: State of the Art
Authors: Oikonomou Kyriakos , Kasprzak Piotr , Schierling Wilma , Kopp Reinhard , Pfister Karin 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungKomplikationen während der Nachsorge, wie das Versagen der Abdichtung und Migration mit Endoleckage, sind die Achillesferse der endovaskulären abdominellen (EVAR) sowie thorakalen (TEVAR) Aneurysmareparatur. Anatomische Merkmale im Bereich der proximalen und distalen Landungszone einschließlich Thrombus, Verkalkung, Kinking und Halsdilatation können die Nachhaltigkeit einer endovaskulären Reparatur beeinträchtigen. Endoanchors wurden entwickelt, um die Sicherheit einer handgenähten Aortenanastomose nachzuahmen. Dieser Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Literatur zur Verwendung von Endoanchors bei EVAR und TEVAR. Zu den Indikationen für die Anwendung gehören die primäre Implantation zur Sicherung der proximalen oder distalen Landungszone im Falle einer „hostile“-Anatomie oder einer intraoperativen Typ-I-Endoleckage/suboptimalen Apposition an die Aortenwand sowie die sekundäre Anwendung zur Behandlung von Typ-I-Endoleckagen und Stentprothesenmigration häufig in Kombination mit einer proximalen oder distalen Verlängerung der Stentprothese. Abschließend werden die perioperativen Ergebnisse der ersten 100 Patienten analysiert, die mit TEVAR/EVAR und Endoanchors primär oder sekundär bei Re-Interventionen in unserer Abteilung behandelt wurden. In dem Zeitraum von März 2011 bis November 2015 wurden 100 Patienten (85 Männer; 15 Frauen) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 70 ± 9,7 Jahren behandelt. 82 Anwendungen erfolgten in der abdominellen und 18 in der thorakalen Aorta. Die Implantation wurde während des primären EVAR-/TEVAR-Eingriffes in 80 Fällen durchgeführt (Gruppe A), 20 Patienten wurden sekundär behandelt (Gruppe B). Der technische Erfolg der Implantation betrug 100%. Der klinische Erfolg betrug 98%. Keine Endoanchors wurden verloren. Die perioperative Mortalität betrug 4%, die Morbidität 7%. Im Rahmen der 30-Tages-Kontrolle zeigten sich bei 8/96 überlebenden Patienten Endoleckagen. Bei 7/8 Patienten handelte es sich um Typ-II-Endoleckagen, lediglich ein Patient mit sekundärer, proximaler Verlängerung einer thorakalen Stentprothese zeigte eine persistierende Typ-I-Endoleckage.
Increased Oral Bioavailability of Piperine from an Optimized Piper nigrum Nanosuspension
Authors: Zafar Fatiqa , Jahan Nazish , Bhatti Haq ,   Khalil-Ur-Rahman
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to enhance the pharmaceutical potential and oral bioavailability of piperine, which is the bioactive constituent of Piper nigrum, using the nanosuspension approach. Nanoprecipitation, which is a simple and reproducible process, was used for nanosuspension formulation. To prepare a pharmaceutical-grade nanosuspension with the required particle size, important formulation parameters (amount of plant extract, concentration of stabilizer, and antisolvent-to-solvent ratio) were optimized using the central composite design of response surface methodology. The optimized nanosuspension was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and in vitro dissolution testing as well as by measuring the zeta potential. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to determine the bioavailability of the prepared nanosuspension. Results of the optimization study indicated that 0.13% plant extract, 0.25% stabilizer, and an antisolvent-to-solvent ratio of 10.0 were the best parameters to obtain a homogeneous nanosuspension with the required particle size. The optimized nanosuspension demonstrated a mean particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 172.5 nm, 0.241, and − 16.6 mV, respectively. The results of the characterization studies illustrated that the nanosuspension was in the nanometer size range and had good surface morphology. The optimized nanosuspension showed a better dissolution rate and a 3.65-fold higher oral bioavailability for the P. nigrum nanosuspension than its coarse suspension. The present outcomes clearly demonstrated that to obtain an effective therapeutic potential, nanoformulation of medicinal plants is a better alternative than conventional dosage forms.
Laboratory D-dimer measurement: Improved agreement between methods through calibration
Authors: Woods Timothy , Kitchen Dianne , Kitchen Steve , Walker Isobel , Jennings Ian 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAccurate and precise measurement of plasma D-dimer levels is important in the diagnosis and management of venous thromboembolism. Considerable variability in D-dimer results obtained using different methods has, however, been reported in multicentre studies. This study explored in two separate multicentre exercises the degree of precision amongst laboratory D-dimer measurements, and the degree by which inter-method agreement could be improved using a calibration curve model. The first exercise demonstrated generally good within-centre precision, with 82% of the centres reporting results for two identical but differently coded samples within 10% of each other. However, six centres reported results which would have excluded deep vein thrombosis (DVT) for one sample but failed to exclude DVT for the other, identical sample. In the second exercise, overall between-method precision of D-dimer results for two samples was shown to improve markedly when a calibration model was applied, using the consensus median values obtained by all participants for three “calibration plasmas” to recalculate D-dimer values. For centres reporting results in fibrinogen equivalent units (FEUs),between-centre coefficients of variation (CVs) fell from 25.9% to 11.6% and 22.4% to 7.7%, respectively, for the two samples. For centres reporting in ng/ml, CVs fell from 45.3–21.6% and 40.8–11.6%,respectively. In conclusion, improved harmonisation of D-dimer results by different methods may be achieved by a calibration model and common calibrant plasmas.