bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical practitioners' perception of the dimensions of patient safety culture in a government hospital: A one‐sample correlational survey
Authors: Alenezi Atallah , Pandaan Ramon Perley M. , Almazan Joseph U. , Pandaan Isabelita N. , Casison Franklyn S. , Cruz Jonas Preposi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo assess the perceptions of clinical practitioners regarding the different dimensions of patient safety culture in their hospital and examine the work‐related predictors of patient safety culture perceptions.BackgroundPatient safety is seen as a progressively critical focus in healthcare areas worldwide. Saudi Arabia aims to improve healthcare quality by providing access to healthcare for its increasing population. Hence, constantly assessing the patient safety culture of healthcare facilities in the country is imperative.DesignOne‐sample correlational survey design.MethodsThe Hospital Survey of Patients' Safety Culture was used to survey the total population sample of 181 healthcare practitioners in a Saudi hospital from December 2018–January 2019. Strengths and weaknesses on PS culture were identified as perceived by the clinical practitioners. Regression analysis was performed to identify the work‐related predictors of patient safety culture perceptions. The study followed the STROBE guideline.ResultsNine of the 12 dimensions measured were identified as patient safety culture weaknesses, including ‘management support for patient safety’ (49.2%), ‘teamwork across unit’ (44.2%), ‘frequency of events reporting’ (43.1%), ‘communication openness’ (41.3%), ‘overall perception of patient safety’ (38.7%), ‘supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety’ (32.9%), ‘staffing’ (23.7%), ‘hospital handoffs and transitions’ (19.6%) and ‘non‐punitive response to errors’ (15.8%). None of the dimensions were identified as strengths by the respondents. Working hours per week and staff position were identified as significant predictors.ConclusionsThe study underscores the urgent need to improve the patient safety culture of the hospital.Relevance to clinical practiceHospital administrators should highlight initiatives on positive patient safety impact plan for clinical practitioners and patients, such as monitoring, reporting and strictly adhering to hospital activities that reduce the risks associated with exposure to medical care.
Low rates of pediatric dental coverage for families purchasing marketplace insurance plans
Authors: Kranz Ashley M. , Dick Andrew W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesPediatric dental care is an essential health benefit that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires most private health plans to cover. Insurance marketplaces have flexibility in how pediatric dental coverage is offered, with states requiring purchase of dental coverage or embedding dental coverage in all medical plans. It is unknown how these different offerings may affect uptake of coverage.MethodsWe analyzed the 2014–2015 National Health Interview Survey to determine rates of private dental coverage for children obtaining private medical insurance from all state marketplaces (weighted N = 12,380).ResultsWe found low rates of dental coverage for children in states where purchase of dental coverage was required (9%) and in states where all marketplace medical plans had embedded dental coverage (24%).ConclusionsFew families obtaining private medical insurance on the marketplaces report having pediatric dental coverage, suggesting that the ACA essential health benefit policy may not be having its intended effect.
Phenotypic differentiation in a heterogeneous environment: morphological and life‐history responses to ecological gradients in a livebearing fish
Authors: Santi F. , Petry A. C. , Plath M. , Riesch R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPredicting how environmental variation drives phenotypic diversification is one of the main aims of evolutionary ecology. Yet, we still only have a limited understanding of how it drives diversity, especially when multiple factors interact. To address this issue, the superfetating livebearing fish Phalloptychus januarius (Poeciliidae) was repeatedly sampled (over a 2‐year period) in four coastal lagoons in Brazil to investigate the relative contribution of different environmental factors on phenotypic patterns. We further compare our results to those reported for another poeciliid (Poecilia vivipara), which inhabits some of the same lagoons but has a drastically different reproductive strategy (no superfetation). We used a model‐averaging approach to estimate the relative importance of differences in predation pressure, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and food availability in driving variation in body shape, life histories, and life‐history proxies. We found consistent population differences in several traits, but also seasonal variation within each lagoon. Specifically, predation, oxygen availability and pH affected several different traits and played important roles in driving phenotypic differences between and amongst populations. Moreover, our study reveals differential responses in phenotypic traits to the same environmental gradients between P. januarius (this study) and P. vivipara (previous studies), and we suggest that future work should further investigate differential phenotypic responses to single versus multiple concomitant selective forces, and how this affects different species.
Prognostic impact of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in cirrhosis: A propensity score matching analysis with a prespecified cut‐point
Authors: Deng You , Fan Xiaofei , Ran Ying , Xu Xin , Lin Lin , Cui Binxin , Hou Lijun , Zhao Tianming , Wang Ya , Su Zhengyan , Jiang Xihui , Zhao Wei , Wang Bangmao , Sun Chao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsAn elevated neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has received attention as a prognostic surrogate across chronic liver diseases. However, an exact threshold has not been fully elucidated.MethodsA total number of 589 patients with cirrhosis (LC) were included. The value of NLR was calculated and its optimal cut‐off was initially determined by X‐tile program. Independent predictors of 90‐day mortality were identified with Cox regression model. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to generate survival curves. To reduce influences of selection bias and possible confounders, a 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed.ResultsThe X‐tile indicated that the difference in survival was most significant for NLR more than 8.9. Serum NLR > 8.9 was an independent indicator in the entire cohort and PSM subset (HR 4.268, 95% CI 2.211‐8.238, P < .001; HR 4.209, 95% CI 1.448‐12.238, P = .008 respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that NLR > 8.9 was an independent risk factor of 90‐day mortality regardless of age, gender, CTP or MELD score.ConclusionsThe value of NLR more than 8.9 is a feasible cut‐off across clinical settings among applicable population. The adding of NLR to other conventional predictive systems has the potential to provide incremental value without extra economic cost.
Cancer and Conjugality in Contemporary Delhi: Mediating Life between Violence and Care
Authors: Banerjee Dwaipayan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article tracks the entanglement of cancer and patterns of conjugality in Delhi. Building on fieldwork with about 120 households in Delhi, it describes how the disease put pressure on already fraught marital biographies, revealing durable fissures in household relations. Often, these shifts in the distribution of conjugal vulnerability opened cracks that allowed long histories of domestic violence to seep through. In subtle ways, women could accrue a delicate agency through their practices of care. But at the same time, they continued to inhabit the vulnerable space of affinal homes. This article describes how in these arrangements, care and violence followed each other closely in their tracks. Building on these insights, the article deepens and shifts how anthropologists have understood the social life of the cancer. Specifically, anthropologists writing about the disease have demonstrated the ubiquity of a biotechnical imaginary of hope and survivorship in the Global North. This article develops an anthropology of cancer from the Global South that takes seriously the work of palliation and reconciliation, in the process provincializing Global North imaginaries of hope and survivorship.
Russian Sophiology and the Hebrew Poetry of Proverbs 8:22‐31
Authors: Moore Harry 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Russian Sophiological tradition, championed and dogmatically defined by Sergei Bulgakov (1871‐1944), continues to receive energetic responses from a wide array of theologians, philosophers and slavists. However, these responses have, until now, neglected the possibility of a Sophiological hermeneutic. This article, by applying the philosophy of Hans‐Georg Gadamer (1900‐2002), pioneers such a hermeneutic. From this point of departure it will be argued that the Hebrew text of Proverbs 8:22‐31 supports the theological claims of Russian Sophiology more so than the Septuagint. In other words, the Hebrew text is the more ‘sophianic’ scriptural variant. To demonstrate this claim, three key aspects of the passage will be analysed. These include its traditional poetic structure, its theme of ‘playful beauty’, and its language of fertility and birth‐giving. It will first be suggested that the poetic structure embodies the Bulgakovian distinction‐in‐unity of Divine Sophia and Creaturely Sophia. Thereafter, some characteristic lexical nuances of the Hebrew, such as the controversial ‘amon’, will be read as supportive of Sophiological ‘playful beauty’. Finally, it will be shown how the semantic field of feminine birth‐giving, so fundamental to Sophiology, is fully present only in the Hebrew variant. These investigations will altogether demonstrate that the sophianic narrative of Proverbs 8:22‐31 was diluted in the LXX translation, and that for a biblical‐based Sophiology, those interested would find more support for their arguments in the Masoretic text. An exploration of the above claims will not only supplement the current sophiological engagement with classical wisdom creation narratives, but could even reassess Orthodox theology’s broader attitude to the Masoretic text. Although Russian Sophiology provides the central axis of the article, particular convergences with modern ‘western Sophiology’ will be highlighted, especially where these complement the ideas of Russian sophiologists.
Efficiency of A fumigatus‐specific IgG and galactomannan testing in the diagnosis of simple aspergilloma
Authors: Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Dhooria Sahajal , Choudhary Hansraj , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Garg Mandeep , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundAn early diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) at the stage of simple aspergilloma (SA) remains a challenge in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where imaging may not be routinely available.ObjectiveWe investigate the role of Aspergillus fumigatus‐specific IgG in serum, and galactomannan (GM) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum for the diagnosis of SA.MethodsWe included 46 consecutive treatment‐naïve subjects with SA. The 81 controls were subjects of treated pulmonary tuberculosis with residual radiological abnormality and minimal symptoms; and subjects with pulmonary disorders other than CPA who underwent bronchoscopy. The diagnosis of SA was based on consistent clinical features along with radiological manifestations (cavity with fungal ball).ResultsUsing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the best cut‐off value for A fumigatus‐specific IgG was 27.3 mgA/L (AUROC, 0.839; sensitivity, 63.5%; specificity, 98.3%). The best cut‐off value for serum and BALF‐GM was 0.7 (AUROC, 0.636; sensitivity, 32%; specificity, 96.2%) and 2.5 (AUROC, 0.833; sensitivity, 63.7%; specificity, 97.1%), respectively. A combination of A fumigatus‐specific IgG (>27 mgA/L) or serum GM (≥0.7) or BALF‐GM (≥2.5) had a sensitivity and specificity of 82.6% and 96%, respectively.ConclusionsA combination of serological tests has the best sensitivity in diagnosing SA. More studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Childhood gastroparesis is a unique entity in need of further investigation
Authors: Febo‐Rodriguez Liz , Chumpitazi Bruno P. , Shulman Robert J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite increasing knowledge regarding gastroparesis (GP) in adults, little is known regarding the incidence, prevalence, and natural history of childhood GP. Exacerbating the knowledge gap in pediatric GP is both the lack of normative data for gastric emptying scintigraphy in children and lack of GP‐specific pediatric reported outcome measures.PurposeThe aim of this article was to review the available literature on pediatric GP and identify similarities and differences with studies in adults. We performed a comprehensive search in MEDLINE and Google Scholar from inception to April 2019 for articles published in English using the following combination of keywords: gastroparesis, pediatric gastroparesis, outcomes, metoclopramide, erythromycin, domperidone, cisapride, and gastric neurostimulator. The limited available pediatric data, often retrospective, suggest marked differences between adult and pediatric GP in several aspects including etiology, concomitant co‐morbidities (eg, psychiatric disorders), clinical symptom presentation, diagnostic evaluation, response to therapies, and clinical outcome. Further research in pediatric GP is needed and holds the promise to further elucidate the mechanisms of this disorder in children and lead to pediatric‐focused therapies.
Development and feasibility of an ambulatory acquisition system for fiber‐optic high‐resolution colonic manometry
Authors: Wells Cameron I. , Paskaranandavadivel Nira , Lin Anthony Y. , Du Peng , Penfold James A. , Dinning Phil , Cheng Leo K. , Bissett Ian P. , Arkwright John W. , O'Grady Greg 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution colonic manometry is an emerging technique that has provided new insights into the pathophysiology of functional colorectal diseases. Prior studies have been limited by bulky, non‐ambulatory acquisition systems, which have prevented mobilization during prolonged recordings.MethodsA novel ambulatory acquisition system for fiber‐optic high‐resolution colonic manometry was developed. Benchtop validation against a standard non‐ambulatory system was performed using standardized calibration metrics. Clinical feasibility studies were conducted in three patients undergoing right hemicolectomy.ResultsPressure profiles obtained from benchtop testing were near‐identical using the ambulatory and the non‐ambulatory systems. Clinical studies successfully demonstrated ambulatory data capture with patients freely mobilizing postoperatively during continuous recordings of >60 hours. The occurrence (P = .56), amplitude (P = .65), velocity (P = .10), and extent (P = .12) of colonic motor patterns were similar to those obtained in non‐ambulatory studies.ConclusionsA novel ambulatory system for high‐resolution colonic manometry has been developed and validated. This technique will facilitate prolonged ambulatory recordings of colonic motor activity, assisting with investigations into the role of colonic motility in disease states.
Contrasting effects of host identity, plant community, and local species pool on the composition and colonization levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate grassland
Authors: Šmilauer Petr , Košnar Jiří , Kotilínek Milan , Šmilauerová Marie 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) are important plant symbionts, but we know little about the effects of plant taxonomic identity or functional group on the AMF community composition. To examine the effects of the surrounding plant community, of the host, and of the AMF pool on the AMF community in plant roots, we manipulated plant community composition in a long‐term field experiment.

Within four types of manipulated grassland plots, seedlings of eight grassland plant species were planted for 12 wk, and AMFs in their roots were quantified. Additionally, we characterized the AMF community of individual plots (as their AMF pool) and quantified plot abiotic conditions.

The largest determinant of AMF community composition was the pool of available AMFs, varying at metre scale due to changing soil conditions. The second strongest predictor was the host functional group. The differences between grasses and dicotyledonous forbs in AMF community variation and diversity were much larger than the differences among species within those groups. High cover of forbs in the surrounding plant community had a strong positive effect on AMF colonization intensity in grass hosts.

Using a manipulative field experiment enabled us to demonstrate direct causal effects of plant host and surrounding vegetation.
Long‐term outcomes of pediatric kidney transplant recipients with a pretransplant malignancy
Authors: Serrano Oscar K. , Gannon Alexis , Olowofela Ayokunle S. , Reddy Apoorva , Berglund Danielle , Matas Arthur J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA childhood malignancy can rarely progress to ESRD requiring a KT. To date, few reports describe long‐term outcomes of pediatric KT recipients with a pretransplant malignancy. Between 1963 and 2015, 884 pediatric (age: 0‐17 years old) recipients received 1055 KTs at our institution. KT outcomes were analyzed in children with a pretransplant malignancy. We identified 14 patients who had a pretransplant malignancy prior to KT; the majority were <10 years old at the time of KT. Ten (71%) patients received their grafts from living donors, the majority of which were related to the recipient. Wilms' tumor was the dominant type of pretransplant malignancy, seen in 50% of patients. The other pretransplant malignancy types were EBV‐positive lymphoproliferative disorders, non‐EBV‐positive lymphoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, soft‐tissue sarcoma, and ovarian cancer. Ten of the 14 patients received chemotherapy as part of their pretransplant malignancy treatment. Graft survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 93%, 83%, and 72%, respectively. Patient survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 100%, 91%, and 83%, respectively. Six (40%) patients suffered AR following KT; half of them had their first episode of AR within 1 month of KT. Our single‐center experience demonstrates that pediatric KT recipients with a previously treated pretransplant malignancy did not exhibit worse outcomes than other pediatric KT patients.
Effect of High Intensity Blue Light on Fusobacterium nucleatum Membrane Integrity
Authors: Jeffet Uziel , Shimon Rachel , Sterer Nir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOral malodour is considered to be caused mainly by the production of volatile sulfide compounds (VSC) by anaerobic gram‐negative oral bacteria. Previous studies showed that these bacteria were susceptible to blue light phototoxicity mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we tested the effect of blue light on the integrity Fusobacterium nucleatum's membrane, cellular proteins and DNA. Bacterial samples were exposed to high intensity blue light for 0, 70, 140 and 280 s (i.e. fluences of 0, 96, 192 and 384 J cm−2, respectively). Following light exposure, bacterial samples were examined for membrane damage using fluorescence microscopy, intra‐cellular protein analysis using electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and DNA fragmentation using ultra–filtration. Results showed that the increasing exposure of bacterial samples to blue light caused increased membrane permeability concomitant with a reduction in intra‐cellular proteins and DNA fragments content. These results suggest that membrane damage is the main effect of high intensity blue light exposure on malodour producing bacteria.
KLF4 upregulation is involved in alternative macrophage activation during secondary Echinococcus granulosus infection
Authors: Dong Dan , Chen Congzhe , Hou Jun , Yang Kun , Fang Hairui , Jiang Hongqun , Guo Feng , Wu Xiangwei , Chen Xueling 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate macrophage polarization during the early stages of secondary Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) infection. We observed an early initial increase in inflammatory genes (peaking at 5‐10 days) and a later rise in M (IL‐4)‐like genes (still rising by day 15). In addition, we showed that the induction of M (IL‐4)‐like genes was paralleled by an increase in expression of the transcription factor KLF4. Most of the changes observed in vivo were reproduced in vitro upon the culture of normal peritoneal macrophages with live E. granulosus s.l. protoscoleces (PSC), and that knockdown of KLF4 in this system attenuates M (IL‐4) differentiation. Our results suggest that KLF4 pathway contributes to the differentiation of macrophages towards M (IL‐4)‐like phenotype during early stages of secondary E. granulosus s.l. infection.
Anatomy of Party Sorting: Partisan Polarization of Voters and Party Switching
Authors: Saeki Manabu 
Published: August 2019

Scholars explain that the ideological divide among the political elites has heightened the homogeneity in voters' ideology within parties, thereby resulting in the appearance of ideological polarization in the American electorate today. This article postulates and tests four modes of party sorting in the United States based upon: (1) if partisan voters adjust their ideology to the preference of their party elites or switch to the ideologically proximate part; and (2) whether partisan voters respond to the ideological shifts of their own party or opposition party. The empirical results suggest that the conservative voters in the Democratic Party switched to the Republican Party in favorable response to the conservative shift of the Republican Party members in Congress in past decades, whereas the liberal voters in the Republican Party changed their partisanship to Democratic in negative reaction to the rightward shift of Republican elites.Related ArticlesGershtenson, Joseph, Brian W. Smith, and William R. Mangun. 2006. “Friends of the Earth? Partisanship, Party Control of Congress, and Environmental Legislation in Congress.”Politics & Policy34 (1): 66‐92.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2006.00004.xGrossmann, Matt. 2014. “The Varied Effects of Policy Cues on Partisan Opinions.”Politics & Policy42 (6): 881‐904.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12102Knuckey, Jonathan. 2009. “Explaining Partisan Change among Northeastern Whites.”Politics & Policy37 (6): 1331‐1355.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00222.x
Patient compliance as a risk factor for the outcome of implant treatment
Authors: Cortellini Simone , Favril Charlotte , De Nutte Mathieu , Teughels Wim , Quirynen Marc 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPeri‐implantitis can be explained using a multicausality model. Many factors are involved in the etiology of peri‐implantitis, but patient compliance also plays a key role. Oral hygiene, attending recall visits, smoking behavior, and therapy comprehension are relevant factors that contribute to peri‐implant health. The clinician should create the most optimal conditions for patients to facilitate adequate oral self‐care and to help patients improve their oral hygiene skills. Implementation of a supportive periodontal therapy program is mandatory to control inflammation and plaque accumulation, as well as to keep the incidence of peri‐implant diseases low. Patient compliance, including plaque control and dental follow‐up, must be optimal. Consequently, precautions must be taken with patients treated with dental implants.