bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. I. Spatially Resolved Mass Outflow Rates for the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Markarian 573∗
†
Authors: Revalski M. , Crenshaw D. M. , Kraemer S. B. , Fischer T. C. , Schmitt H. R. , Machuca C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present the first spatially resolved mass outflow rate measurements (

) of the optical emission line gas in the narrow line region (NLR) of a Seyfert 2 galaxy, Markarian 573. Using long slit spectra and [O iii] imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope and Apache Point Observatory in conjunction with emission line diagnostics and Cloudy photoionization models, we find a peak outflow rate of

at a distance of 210 pc from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). The outflow extends to distances of 600 pc from the nucleus with a total mass and kinetic energy of M ≈ 2.2 × 106
M
⊙ and E ≈ 5.1 × 1054 erg, revealing the outflows to be more energetic than those in the lower luminosity Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151. The peak outflow rate is an order of magnitude larger than the mass accretion and nuclear outflow rates, indicating local in situ acceleration of the circumnuclear NLR gas. We compare these results to global techniques that quantify an average outflow rate across the NLR, and find the latter are subject to larger uncertainties. These results indicate that spatially resolved observations are critical for probing AGN feedback on scales where circumnuclear star formation occurs.
The Three-dimensional Spatial Distribution of Interstellar Gas in the Milky Way: Implications for Cosmic Rays and High-energy Gamma-ray Emissions
Authors: Jóhannesson Guđlaugur , Porter Troy A. , Moskalenko Igor V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Direct measurements of cosmic ray (CR) species combined with observations of their associated γ-ray emissions can be used to constrain models of CR propagation, trace the structure of the Galaxy, and search for signatures of new physics. The spatial density distribution of interstellar gas is a vital element for all these studies. So far, models have employed the 2D cylindrically symmetric geometry, but their accuracy is well behind that of the available data. In this paper, 3D spatial density models for neutral and molecular hydrogen are constructed based on empirical model fitting to gas line-survey data. The developed density models incorporate spiral arms and account for the warping of the disk, and the increasing gas scale height with radial distance from the Galactic center. They are employed together with the GALPROP CR propagation code to investigate how the new 3D gas models affect calculations of CR propagation and high-energy γ-ray intensity maps. The calculations reveal non-trivial features that are directly related to the new gas models. The best-fit values for propagation model parameters employing 3D gas models are presented and they differ significantly from those derived with the 2D gas density models that have been widely used. The combination of 3D CR and gas density models provide a more realistic basis for the interpretation of non-thermal emissions from the Galaxy.
XMM-Newton Survey of Local O vii Absorption Lines in the Spectra of Galactic X-Ray Sources
Authors: Luo Yang , Fang Taotao , Ma Renyi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The detection of highly ionized metal absorption lines in the X-ray spectra of the Galactic X-ray binaries (XRBs) implies the distribution of hot gas along the sightline toward the background sources. However, the origin of this hot gas is still unclear: it can arise in the hot interstellar medium (ISM), or is intrinsic to the XRBs. In this paper, we present an XMM-Newton survey of the O vii absorption lines in the spectra of Galactic XRBs. A total of 33 XRBs were selected, with 29 low-mass XRBs and 4 high-mass XRBs. At a more than 3σ threshold, O vii absorption line was detected in 16 targets, among which 4 were newly discovered in this work. The average line equivalent width is centered around ∼20 mÅ. Additionally, we do not find strong correlations between the O vii EWs and the Galactic neutral absorption N
H, the Galactic coordinates, or the distance of background targets. Such non-correlation may suggest contamination of the circumstellar material, or a lack of constraints on the line Doppler-b parameter. We also find that regardless of the direction of the XRBs, the O vii absorption lines are always detected when the flux of the background XRBs reaches a certain level, suggesting a uniform distribution of this hot gas. We estimate a ratio of 0.004–0.4 between the hot and neutral phases of the ISM. This is the second paper in the series following Fang et al. (2015), in which we focused on the local O vii absorption lines detected in the background AGN spectra. Detailed modeling of the hot ISM distribution will be investigated in a future paper.
In Situ Observation of Intermittent Dissipation at Kinetic Scales in the Earth's Magnetosheath
Authors: Chasapis Alexandros , Matthaeus W. H. , Parashar T. N. , Wan M. , Haggerty C. C. , Pollock C. J. , Giles B. L. , Paterson W. R. , Dorelli J. , Gershman D. J. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Lindqvist P.-A. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Moore T. E. , Ergun R. E. , Burch J. L. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present a study of signatures of energy dissipation at kinetic scales in plasma turbulence based on observations by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS) in the Earth’s magnetosheath. Using several intervals, and taking advantage of the high-resolution instrumentation on board MMS, we compute and discuss several statistical measures of coherent structures and heating associated with electrons, at previously unattainable scales in space and time. We use the multi-spacecraft Partial Variance of Increments (PVI) technique to study the intermittent structure of the magnetic field. Furthermore, we examine a measure of dissipation and its behavior with respect to the PVI as well as the current density. Additionally, we analyze the evolution of the anisotropic electron temperature and non-Maxwellian features of the particle distribution function. From these diagnostics emerges strong statistical evidence that electrons are preferentially heated in subproton-scale regions of strong electric current density, and this heating is preferentially in the parallel direction relative to the local magnetic field. Accordingly, the conversion of magnetic energy into electron kinetic energy occurs more strongly in regions of stronger current density, a finding consistent with several kinetic plasma simulation studies and hinted at by prior studies using lower resolution Cluster observations.
Determination of Differential Emission Measure from Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Images
Authors: Su Yang , Veronig Astrid M. , Hannah Iain G. , Cheung Mark C. M. , Dennis Brian R. , Holman Gordon D. , Gan Weiqun , Li Youping 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) has been providing high-cadence, high-resolution, full-disk UV-visible/extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images since 2010, with the best time coverage among all the solar missions. A number of codes have been developed to extract plasma differential emission measures (DEMs) from AIA images. Although widely used, they cannot effectively constrain the DEM at flaring temperatures with AIA data alone. This often results in much higher X-ray fluxes than observed. One way to solve the problem is by adding more constraint from other data sets (such as soft X-ray images and fluxes). However, the spatial information of plasma DEMs are lost in many cases. In this Letter, we present a different approach to constrain the DEMs. We tested the sparse inversion code and show that the default settings reproduce X-ray fluxes that could be too high. Based on the tests with both simulated and observed AIA data, we provided recommended settings of basis functions and tolerances. The new DEM solutions derived from AIA images alone are much more consistent with (thermal) X-ray observations, and provide valuable information by mapping the thermal plasma from ∼0.3 to ∼30 MK. Such improvement is a key step in understanding the nature of individual X-ray sources, and particularly important for studies of flare initiation.
Resonant Drag Instability of Grains Streaming in Fluids
Authors: Squire J. , Hopkins P. F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We show that grains streaming through a fluid are generically unstable if their velocity, projected along some direction, matches the phase velocity of a fluid wave (linear oscillation). This can occur whenever grains stream faster than any fluid wave. The wave itself can be quite general—sound waves, magnetosonic waves, epicyclic oscillations, and Brunt–Väisälä oscillations each generate instabilities, for example. We derive a simple expression for the growth rates of these “resonant drag instabilities” (RDI). This expression (i) illustrates why such instabilities are so virulent and generic and (ii) allows for simple analytic computation of RDI growth rates and properties for different fluids. As examples, we introduce several new instabilities, which could see application across a variety of physical systems from atmospheres to protoplanetary disks, the interstellar medium, and galactic outflows. The matrix-based resonance formalism we introduce can also be applied more generally in other (nonfluid) contexts, providing a simple means for calculating and understanding the stability properties of interacting systems.
Dual Phase-space Cascades in 3D Hybrid-Vlasov–Maxwell Turbulence
Authors: Cerri S. S. , Kunz M. W. , Califano F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
To explain energy dissipation via turbulence in collisionless, magnetized plasmas, the existence of a dual real- and velocity-space cascade of ion-entropy fluctuations below the ion gyroradius has been proposed. Such a dual cascade, predicted by the gyrokinetic theory, has previously been observed in gyrokinetic simulations of two-dimensional, electrostatic turbulence. For the first time, we show evidence for a dual phase-space cascade of ion-entropy fluctuations in a three-dimensional simulation of hybrid-kinetic, electromagnetic turbulence. Some of the scalings observed in the energy spectra are consistent with a generalized theory for the cascade that accounts for the spectral anisotropy of critically balanced, intermittent, sub-ion-Larmor-scale fluctuations. The observed velocity-space cascade is also anisotropic with respect to the magnetic-field direction, with linear phase mixing along magnetic-field lines proceeding mainly at spatial scales above the ion gyroradius and nonlinear phase mixing across magnetic-field lines proceeding at perpendicular scales below the ion gyroradius. Such phase-space anisotropy could be sought in heliospheric and magnetospheric data of solar-wind turbulence and has far-reaching implications for the dissipation of turbulence in weakly collisional astrophysical plasmas.
David et Bethsabée : les raisons d’un récit. Étude narrative et théologique de 2 Samuel 11−12 (1)
Authors: de Vulpillières Sylvie 
Published: March 2018

2 S 11‒12 montre, sous forme de récit, comment le péché fonctionne, amenant ses victimes à convoiter, mentir et tuer. On ne sort de cet emprisonnement que par l’intervention de Dieu. Ce premier article expose la cohérence narrative de l’épisode. Une seconde partie mesurera l’importance de ce diptyque en son contexte littéraire.
Gouvernance territoriale de l’environnement et conflits d’usage. Le cas du bassin versant du lac de Tota (Boyacá, Andes colombiennes)
Authors: Leroy David , Malaxechebaría Alvaro Martín Gutiérrez , Antoine Jean-Marc , Angéliaume-Descamps Alexandra 
Published: March 2018

Cette contribution a pour objectif de montrer que les conflits jouent un rôle essentiel dans les processus de gouvernance territoriale de l’environnement. Elle s’appuie sur l’étude de cas du bassin versant du lac de Tota, plus grand lac de Colombie, aujourd’hui menacé par le développement de plusieurs activités économiques, et en particulier par la culture intensive de la ciboule. Dans un contexte de surexploitation et de pollution de l’eau du lac, on assiste depuis quelques années à l’exacerbation de conflits environnementaux entre des acteurs dont les intérêts divergents s’affirment un peu plus chaque jour : communautés rurales, autorités environnementales, association environnementale (Montecito). Révélateurs des mutations profondes de ce territoire, ces conflits vont contribuer à la prise en compte des problèmes environnementaux et permettre aux différents acteurs d’infléchir des décisions. Toutefois, la mise en place de nouvelles formes de coordination entre ces acteurs reste encore une importante source d’oppositions. En témoigne la concurrence entre deux structures de gouvernance (Mesa de trabajo Permanente et Consejo de Cuenca) qui met en lumière les rapports de pouvoir entre les pouvoirs publics et la société civile.
Les eaux d’irrigation du Haouz de Marrakech : un siècle de confrontations des modèles de gestion publics, privés et communautaires
Authors: Ruf Thierry , Kleiche-Dray Mina 
Published: March 2018

Dans le monde de l’irrigation, la région de Marrakech est connue pour l’ancienneté et la complexité de réseaux de canaux de surface, les seguias, alimentés par les oueds du Haut Atlas et de réseaux de galeries drainantes, les khettaras, qui ramènent en surface les eaux de la nappe phréatique. Dans les années 1970, la gestion de ces ouvrages hydrauliques suivait différents modèles : la gestion coutumière, el ‘urf, qui a subi des modifications à la fois du temps du protectorat et après l’indépendance, la gestion publique initiée par le protectorat puis élaborée à partir de barrages et de transferts d’eau réalisés par l’État marocain indépendant et la gestion privée liée aux décisions d’exploitation prises par des investisseurs pour pomper directement dans la nappe. Quarante ans après les travaux du sociologue Paul Pascon sur la société composite du Haouz de Marrakech, nous avons cherché ici dans la même veine à comprendre les évolutions spatiales et historiques de ces modèles de gestion, en particulier dans l’aire d’action de l’Office régional de mise en valeur agricole du Haouz, dont P. Pascon fut l’un des premiers directeurs. L’étude a porté sur trois hydro-systèmes, celui de la Tessaout, du Haouz Central et du N’Fis dont les trajectoires diffèrent. Elle conjugue l’approche géographique précise des réseaux et l’analyse historique grâce aux archives anciennes que l’ORMVAH conserve à Marrakech. En instituant un service hydraulique d’État, le protectorat a figé les droits d’eau anciens pour en définir de nouveaux au profit des colons. Nonobstant, si les khettaras ont disparu par tarissement général du fait de la la surexploitation de la nappe, de nombreuses seguias communautaires continuent de fonctionner en 2018, sauf dans la Tessaout où l’administration marocaine a joué sur la rupture totale avec l’ancienne trame hydraulique et foncière. Le Haouz central dispose d’un outil hydraulique nouveau, le canal de Rocade, dont la gestion par quotas ne permet pas de répondre aux besoins des cultures irriguées. Cela a incité ceux qui en avaient les moyens à multiplier les forages dans une concurrence effrénée. Le N’Fis est l’archétype du maintien de la gestion plurielle du Haouz, où différents réseaux anciens et modernes se superposent pour gérer des eaux régulées publiques et communautaires, des eaux non régulées communautaires et des systèmes d’extraction privés dans la nappe. Nous montrons ici que tous ces réseaux continuent à être interdépendants malgré une absence de conciliation entre les différents acteurs. Cependant, leurs fonctionnements efficaces, justes et durables n’ont pu émerger ni dans la démarche bureaucratique historique, ni dans la course d’accaparement privée en cours aujourd’hui. Construire des communautés d’usagers de l’eau agricole sur la trame géographique des réseaux et prenant en compte leurs singularités historiques est un chantier encore à mener.
Passeurs de savoirs Géoconfluences, le site de ressources scientifiques géographiques en ligne, a 15 ans
Authors: Bouron Jean-Benoît , Doceul Marie-Christine , Le Gall Julie , Tabarly Sylviane 
Published: March 2018

Géoconfluences, le site de ressources scientifiques géographiques en ligne fête ses 15 ans ! Quelques chiffres donnent le vertige : 2 000 ressources dont plus de 300 articles scientifiques, 1,7 million de visites et 3,3 millions de pages vues en 2017, 20 millions de pages vues depuis 2003. Hébergé à l’École normale supérieure de Lyon pour la Direction générale de l’enseignement scolaire (DGESCO) et associé à son équipe d’enseignants en géographie, le site a pour mission de faciliter l’accès aux connaissances universitaires pour la formation continue des enseignants en géographie. Au-delà cette mission initiale, le site est devenu une référence en géographie. En revenant sur ce qui fait et a fait la particularité et la success story du site, cet article d’Échogéo révèle les dessous du métier de géographes dédiés à la médiation scientifique par l’intermédiaire d’une ressource numérique. Une aventure contée par trois « passeurs de savoirs » : Sylviane Tabarly, Marie-Christine Doceul et Jean-Benoît Bouron, qui se sont succédé à la responsabilité éditoriale du site depuis 2002, date à laquelle le projet a commencé (le site a été mis en ligne la première fois en février 2003).
Novel Anti-Inflammatory Peptides Based on Chemokine–Glycosaminoglycan Interactions Reduce Leukocyte Migration and Disease Severity in a Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: McNaughton Emily F. , Eustace Andrew D. , King Sophie , Sessions Richard B. , Kay Alasdair , Farris Michele , Broadbridge Robert , Kehoe Oksana , Kungl Andreas J. , Middleton Jim 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Inflammation is characterized by the infiltration of leukocytes from the circulation and into the inflamed area. Leukocytes are guided throughout this process by chemokines. These are basic proteins that interact with leukocytes to initiate their activation and extravasation via chemokine receptors. This is enabled through chemokine immobilization by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) at the luminal endothelial surface of blood vessels. A specific stretch of basic amino acids on the chemokine, often at the C terminus, interacts with the negatively charged GAGs, which is considered an essential interaction for the chemokine function. Short-chain peptides based on this GAG-binding region of the chemokines CCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL12γ were synthesized using standard Fmoc chemistry. These peptides were found to bind to GAGs with high affinity, which translated into a reduction of leukocyte migration across a cultured human endothelial monolayer in response to chemokines. The leukocyte migration was inhibited upon removal of heparan sulfate from the endothelial surface and was found to reduce the ability of the chemokine and peptide to bind to endothelial cells in binding assays and to human rheumatoid arthritis tissue. The data suggest that the peptide competes with the wild-type chemokine for binding to GAGs such as HS and thereby reduces chemokine presentation and subsequent leukocyte migration. Furthermore, the lead peptide based on CXCL8 could reduce the disease severity and serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in a murine Ag-induced arthritis model. Taken together, evidence is provided for interfering with the chemokine–GAG interaction as a relevant therapeutic approach.
Shoulder Taping and Neuromuscular Control
Authors: Snodgrass Suzanne J. , Farrell Scott F. , Tsao Henry , Osmotherly Peter G. , Rivett Darren A. , Chipchase Lucy S. , Schabrun Siobhan M. 
Published: March 2018

Context:
Scapular taping can offer clinical benefit to some patients with shoulder pain; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Understanding these mechanisms may guide the development of treatment strategies for managing neuromusculoskeletal shoulder conditions.

Objective:
To examine the mechanisms underpinning the benefits of scapular taping.

Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:
University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 15 individuals (8 men, 7 women; age = 31.0 ± 12.4 years, height = 170.9 ± 7.6 cm, mass = 73.8 ± 14.4 kg) with no history of shoulder pain.

Intervention(s):
Scapular taping.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to assess the (1) magnitude and onset of contraction of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior relative to the contraction of the middle deltoid during active shoulder flexion and abduction and (2) corticomotor excitability (amplitude of motor-evoked potentials from transcranial magnetic stimulation) of these muscles at rest and during isometric abduction. Active shoulder-flexion and shoulder-abduction range of motion were also evaluated. All outcomes were measured before taping, immediately after taping, 24 hours after taping with the original tape on, and 24 hours after taping with the tape removed.

Results:
Onset of contractions occurred earlier immediately after taping than before taping during abduction for the UT (34.18 ± 118.91 milliseconds and 93.95 ± 106.33 milliseconds, respectively, after middle deltoid contraction; P = .02) and during flexion for the LT (110.02 ± 109.83 milliseconds and 5.94 ± 92.35 milliseconds, respectively, before middle deltoid contraction; P = .06). These changes were not maintained 24 hours after taping. Mean motor-evoked potential onset of the middle deltoid was earlier at 24 hours after taping (tape on = 7.20 ± 4.33 milliseconds) than before taping (8.71 ± 5.24 milliseconds, P = .008). We observed no differences in peak root mean square EMG activity or corticomotor excitability of the scapular muscles among any time frames.

Conclusions:
Scapular taping was associated with the earlier onset of UT and LT contractions during shoulder abduction and flexion, respectively. Altered corticomotor excitability did not underpin earlier EMG onsets of activity after taping in this sample. Our findings suggested that the optimal time to engage in rehabilitative exercises to facilitate onset of trapezius contractions during shoulder movements may be immediately after tape application.
Chaotic Vibration of a Two-dimensional Non-strictly Hyperbolic Equation
Authors: Li Liangliang , Tian Jing , Chen Goong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe study of chaotic vibration for multidimensional PDEs due to nonlinear boundary conditions is challenging. In this paper, we mainly investigate the chaotic oscillation of a two-dimensional non-strictly hyperbolic equation due to an energy-injecting boundary condition and a distributed self-regulating boundary condition. By using the method of characteristics, we give a rigorous proof of the onset of the chaotic vibration phenomenon of the zD non-strictly hyperbolic equation. We have also found a regime of the parameters when the chaotic vibration phenomenon occurs. Numerical simulations are also provided.
Automorphisms of Cuntz–Krieger algebras
Authors: Eilers Søren , Restorff Gunnar , Ruiz Efren 
Published: March 2018

We prove that the natural homomorphism from Kirchberg’s ideal-related

KK

-theory,

KK_\mathcal E(e, e')

, with one specified ideal, into

\mathrm{Hom}_{\Lambda} (\underbar{K}_{\mathcal{E}} (e), \underbar{K}_{\mathcal{E}} (e'))

is an isomorphism for all extensions

e

and

e'

of separable, nuclear

C^{*}

-algebras in the bootstrap category

\mathcal{N}

with the

K

-groups of the associated cyclic six term exact sequence being finitely generated, having zero exponential map and with the

K_{1}

-groups of the quotients being free abelian groups.

This class includes all Cuntz–Krieger algebras with exactly one non-trivial ideal. Combining our results with the results of Kirchberg, we classify automorphisms of the stabilized purely infinite Cuntz–Krieger algebras with exactly one non-trivial ideal modulo asymptotically unitary equivalence. We also get a classification result modulo approximately unitary equivalence.
The results in this paper also apply to certain graph algebras.