bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional analysis of the associations between fibromyalgia and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lichtenstein Adi , Tiosano Shmuel , Comaneshter Doron , Amital Howard , Cohen Arnon D , Amital Daniela 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic condition consisting of widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness together with mood and cognitive dysfunction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common condition causing significant and detrimental morbidity and mortality. Data on the association between the two conditions is scarce and mainly based on small populations therefore lack solid evidence.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of FMS with DM.Material and methodsThis cross-sectional study used the Clalit Health Services database, the largest Health Maintenance Organization in Israel, serving 4,400,000 members. FMS patients were compared to age- and sex-matched controls regarding chronic comorbid conditions. 2 and student’s t-tests were used for univariate analysis.ResultsThe study included 14,296 FMS patients and 71,324 age- and sex-matched controls. The FMS group had a significantly higher proportion of DM patients compared to non-FMS controls (19.8% and 17.4 respectively; OR 1.17 , 95% CI: 1.12–1.23, p < 0.001).
Detecting high-emitting methane sources in oil/gas fields using satellite observations
Authors: Cusworth Daniel H. , Jacob Daniel J. , Sheng Jian-Xiong , Benmergui Joshua , Turner Alexander J. , Brandman Jeremy , White Laurent , Randles Cynthia A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Methane emissions from oil/gas fields originate from a large
number of relatively small and densely clustered point sources. A small fraction of
high-mode emitters can make a large contribution to the total methane emission. Here we
conduct observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs) to examine the potential of
recently launched or planned satellites to detect and locate these high-mode emitters
through measurements of atmospheric methane columns. We simulate atmospheric methane over
a generic oil/gas field (20–500 production sites of different size categories in a 50×50 km2 domain) for a 1-week period using the WRF-STILT meteorological model
with 1.3×1.3 km2 horizontal resolution. The
simulations consider many random realizations for the occurrence and distribution of
high-mode emitters in the field by sampling bimodal probability density functions (PDFs)
of emissions from individual sites. The atmospheric methane fields for each realization
are observed virtually with different satellite and surface observing configurations.
Column methane enhancements observed from satellites are small relative to instrument
precision, even for high-mode emitters, so an inverse analysis is necessary. We compare
L1 and L2 regularizations and show that L1 regularization effectively
provides sparse solutions for a bimodally distributed variable and enables the retrieval
of high-mode emitters. We find that the recently launched TROPOMI instrument (low Earth
orbit, 7×7 km2 nadir pixels, daily return time) and the planned GeoCARB
instrument (geostationary orbit, 2.7×3.0 km2 pixels, 2 times or 4 times
per day return times) are successful (> 80 % detection rate,
< 20 % false alarm rate) at locating high-emitting sources for fields of
20–50 emitters within the 50×50 km2 domain as long as skies are clear.
They are unsuccessful for denser fields. GeoCARB does not benefit significantly from more
frequent observations (4 times per day vs. 2 times per day) because of a temporal error
correlation in the inversion, unless under partly cloudy conditions where more frequent
observation increases the probability of clear sky. It becomes marginally successful when
allowing a 5 km error tolerance for localization. A next-generation geostationary
satellite instrument with 1.3×1.3 km2 pixels, hourly return time, and
1 ppb precision can successfully detect and locate the high-mode emitters for a dense
field with up to 500 sites in the 50×50 km2 domain. The capabilities of
TROPOMI and GeoCARB can be usefully augmented with a surface air observation network of
5–20 sites, and in turn the satellite instruments increase the detection capability that
can be achieved from the surface sites alone.
Metodología de ordenamiento territorial en la RACCN, un aporte al desarrollo con identidad
Authors: Narváez Ismael Keith Sankara , Salomón McCLean Elizabeth , Cordón Suárez Enrique 
Published: November 2018

Con el fin de proponer una metodología, que responda a la nueva realidad de distribución territorial de la Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Norte de Nicaragua, se presenta la “Metodologías de ordenamiento territorial en la RACCN, un aporte al desarrollo con identidad”. Tuvo como caso de estudio el territorio indígena miskitu de Twi Waupasa y el territorio Mayangna Sauni Bas. La investigación metodológicamente fue desde el paradigma de la ciencia crítica, la cual busca comprender la realidad, para su posterior transformación. Se dinamizó la información de campo de los grupos metas, así también los procesos que se ha desarrollado en los planes de ordenamientos territoriales en el ámbito nacional, regional y territorial. Teniendo como base las entrevistas directas, grupo focales, revisión de investigaciones primarias, así como la revisión de bibliografías secundarias que sostiene las teorías propuestas en la investigación. Los estudios de Ordenamiento y Desarrollo Territorial nacional, tienen un enfoque departamental y municipal, y su metodología está comprendida en cinco Etapas en base al INETER, y siete momentos metodológicos en base al Nuevo FISE-GIZ, que definió una metodología específica para la RACCN. La propuesta metodologica tiene 5 momentos estratégicos (Consentimiento previo libre e informado, Diagnóstico participativo, prospectiva y modelo futuro, presentación, concertación y aprobación e Instrumentación e implementación) con sus 41 acciones. Esta propuesta aportará de manera significativa para los territorios indígenas y comunidades de la RACCN, en la gestión, articulación, desarrollo, incidencia, gobernabilidad, gobernanza y así responder al paradigma del buen vivir y vivir bien de los pueblos indígenas de la Costa Caribe nicaragüense.
The association between continuity of care and the severity of diabetes-related complications
Authors: He Jin-Yu , Xue Jia-Ni , Chen Pei-En , Tung Tao-Hsin , Chien Ching-Wen 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: To assess the association between continuity of care and severity of diabetes-related complications for geriatric diabetic patients.Methods: A retrospective study using 2009-2013 Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database one million beneficiary version were conducted. Utilization data of 3,885 geriatric patients who newly had type 2 diabetes were studied. Five-year Continuity of Care Index (COCI) and the adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index (aDCSI) of each subject were calculated. A Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to distinguish patients with similar five-year COCI into different trajectories. A general estimating equation(GEE) was used to assess the association between COCI trajectories and aDCSI. Results: The ratio of male to female in this study was 2:3. At the time of inclusion, the average age was 71.79 (4.65) years old. GBTM subjects can be divided into four different trajectories according to their COCI: low-level continuity of care trajectories, increasing continuity of care trajectories, decreasing continuity of care trajectory, and high-level continuity of care trajectory. After GEE analysis, the high continuity of care trajectories were associated with a significant decrease in aDCSI score.Conclusion:The results of this study suggested better continuity of care was associated with less severity of diabetes-related complications for geriatric patients.
Joint Criminal Enterprise before the Chambres Africaines Extraordinaires
Authors: Carlson Kerstin Bree 
Published: November 2018

Joint Criminal Enterprise before the Chambres Africaines Extraordinaires
The Chambres Africaines Extraordinaires (CAE), ad hoc chambers operating under the auspices of the Dakar municipal courts, were constructed to try Hissène Habré. In targeting Habré, the CAE was designed to appease Chadian calls for justice (from Habré’s victims, on one hand, and the Déby regime, on the other), resolve Senegal’s impasse over the legality of Habré’s culpability and allow the African Union to meet its leadership obligations. To this tall order, the CAE was required to exercise legitimate judicial authority in the contested sphere of international criminal law (ICL), where content is pluralist and political.This article examines the CAE’s finding of Habré’s culpability for war crimes, crimes against humanity and torture. The article shows that the CAE applied a novel construction of liability under ICL and argues that it did so in order to strengthen its authority and legitimacy. By so doing, the CAE has made a significant addition to the field of ICL. This article explores the CAE’s application of joint criminal enterprise (JCE) to consider how the internationally formulated doctrinal standard is reshaped by CAE practice.
Le jugement de Hissène Habré
Authors: Kentsa Etienne 
Published: November 2018

Le jugement de Hissène Habré: Une justice réparatrice exemplaire?
The ruling of the African Extraordinary Chamber of Appeal in the Habré case is a resounding precedent, particularly in the area of reparations for victims of serious violations of international law. This article focuses on the process of identifying victims or beneficiaries of reparations and the reasons that led judges to favor compensation as a form of reparation. Moreover, the modalities for the implementation of reparations awarded are of paramount importance since, in the absence of effective remedies, the interest of the procedure would be considerably diminished. The implementation of reparations will certainly be the ultimate battle of the victims. Funding for the Trust Fund for Victims (FPV) is still expected. The Fund is expected to play a key role in implementing reparations for victims, the final judgment in this case is already an important precedent. Not only does it contribute to the consolidation of some advances in international criminal law in the field of restorative justice, but it also symbolizes Africa’s ability to prosecute and try the most serious international crimes committed in the region.L’arrêt rendu par la Chambre africaine extraordinaire d’assises d’appel dans l’affaire Habré est un précédent retentissant notamment dans le domaine des réparations au profit des victimes de violations grave du droit international. En fait, la présente contribution s’attarde sur le processus d’identification des victimes ou bénéficiaires des réparations et les raisons ayant amené les juges à privilégier l’indemnisation comme forme de réparation. Par ailleurs, les modalités de mise en œuvre des réparations ordonnées sont d’une importance capitale dans la mesure où en l’absence d’effectivité des réparations allouées, l’intérêt de la procédure serait considérablement amoindri. La mise en œuvre des réparations constituera certainement l’ultime bataille des victimes. Le financement du Fonds au profit des victimes (FPV) est toujours attendu. Pourtant le Fonds est censé jouer un rôle déterminant dans la mise en œuvre des réparations allouées aux victimes. Au demeurant, l’arrêt définitif dans cette affaire constitue déjà un précédent important. Non seulement, il contribue à l’affermissement de certaines avancées du droit international pénal en matière de justice réparatrice, mais surtout symbolise la capacité de l’Afrique à poursuivre et juger les crimes internationaux les plus graves commis dans la région.
La citation littéraire dans la critique de cinéma de Jean-Luc Godard
Authors: Fallon Marie 
Published: November 2018

Cet article présente les résultats d’une enquête visant à recenser, dans les critiques de cinéma de Jean-Luc Godard, les diverses formes de citations par lesquelles il convoque les auteurs de son panthéon littéraire. L’auteure retrace les sources de nombreuses citations et met en lumière la transformation singulière de ces textes perpétrée par Godard, en s’appuyant sur la notion d’intertextualité développée par Gérard Genette et les différentes pratiques relevées par Tiphaine Samoyault. En conclusion, l’auteure propose une ouverture vers le cinéma de Godard — et plus particulièrementAlphaville(1965) — en montrant comment son goût de la citation littéraire se poursuit à l’écran dans la continuité de son travail de critique.
The flavonoid baicalin improves glucose metabolism by targeting the PH domain of AKT and activating AKT/GSK3β phosphorylation
Authors: Yang Shengnan , Zhang Yuan , Shen Fukui , Ma Xiaoyao , Zhang Man , Hou Yuanyuan , Bai Gang 
Published: November 2018

Baicalin is one of the main flavonoids of the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and is reported to exert beneficial effects on the regulation of glucose/lipid metabolism. However, understanding its specific target and unique mechanism for improving glucose utilization is a challenge. In this paper, target fishing with a baicalin probe reveals that baicalin interacts with AKT. An immunofluorescence assay further demonstrates the colocalization of baicalin with AKT in the cytoplasm. A competitive test and virtual docking show that baicalin might bind to the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT. This specific binding hampers AKT membrane translocation, activates the phosphorylation of AKT on Ser473, induces the downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation, and affects glycogen synthesis.
A comprehensive dosimetric study of Monte Carlo and pencil‐beam algorithms on intensity‐modulated proton therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Liang Xiaoying , Li Zuofeng , Zheng Dandan , Bradley Julie A. , Rutenberg Michael , Mendenhall Nancy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPB algorithms are commonly used for proton therapy. Previously reported limitations of the PB algorithm for proton therapy are mainly focused on high‐density gradients and small‐field dosimetry, the effect of PB algorithms on intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for breast cancer has yet to be illuminated. In this study, we examined 20 patients with breast cancer and systematically investigated the dosimetric impact of MC and PB algorithms on IMPT. Four plans were generated for each patient: (a) a PB plan that optimized and computed the final dose using a PB algorithm; (b) a MC‐recomputed plan that recomputed the final dose of the PB plan using a MC algorithm; (c) a MC‐renormalized plan that renormalized the MC‐recomputed plan to restore the target coverage; and (d) a MC‐optimized plan that optimized and computed the final dose using a MC algorithm. The DVH on CTVs and on organ‐at‐risks (OARs) from each plan were studied. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used for testing the differences between any two types of plans. We found that PB algorithms significantly overestimated the target dose in breast IMPT plans. The median value of the CTV D99%, D95%, and Dmean dropped by 3.7%, 3.4%, and 2.1%, respectively, of the prescription dose in the MC‐recomputed plans compared with the PB plans. The magnitude of the target dose overestimation by the PB algorithm was higher for the breast CTV than for the chest wall CTV. In the MC‐renormalized plans, the target dose coverage was comparable with the original PB plans, but renormalization led to a significant increase in target hot spots as well as skin dose. The MC‐optimized plans led to sufficient target dose coverage, acceptable target hot spots, and good sparing of skin and other OARs. Utilizing the MC algorithm for both plan optimization and final dose computation in breast IMPT treatment planning is therefore desirable.
Flexible Electronics: Stretchable Electrodes and Their Future
Authors: Huang Siya , Liu Yuan , Zhao Yue , Ren Zhifeng , Guo Chuan Fei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFlexible electronics, as an emerging and exciting research field, have brought great interest to the issue of how to make flexible electronic materials that offer both durability and high performance at strained states. With the advent of on‐body wearable and implantable electronics, as well as increasing demands for human‐friendly intelligent soft robots, enormous effort is being expended on highly flexible functional materials, especially stretchable electrodes, by both the academic and industrial communities. Among different deformation modes, stretchability is the most demanding and challenging. This review focuses on the latest advances in stretchable transparent electrodes based on a new design strategy known as kirigami (the art of paper cutting) and investigates the recent progress on novel applications, including skin‐like electronics, implantable biodegradable devices, and bioinspired soft robotics. By comparing the optoelectrical and mechanical properties of different electrode materials, some of the most important outcomes with comments on their merits and demerits are raised. Key design considerations in terms of geometries, substrates, and adhesion are also discussed, offering insights into the universal strategies for engineering stretchable electrodes regardless of the material. It is suggested that highly stretchable and biocompatible electrodes will greatly boost the development of next‐generation intelligent life‐like electronics.
Multichannel Strategies to Produce Stabilized Azaphenalene Diradicals: A Predictable Model to Generate Self‐Doped Cathode Interfacial Layers for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Yin Xiaojun , Liu Xiaohui , Peng Yuhao , Zeng Weixuan , Zhong Cheng , Xie Guohua , Wang Lei , Fang Junfeng , Yang Chuluo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSelf‐doped cathode interfacial layers (CILs) are crucial to enable Ohmic‐like contact between the electrode and organic functional layers and thus profoundly promote the performances of organic optoelectronic devices. Herein, multifarious azaphenalene‐embedded organic salts with variable counterions, substituent groups, and repeating units are prepared, and their impacts on producing homologous diradicals are established. Electron paramagnetic resonance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal the existence of free radicals of these azaphenalene salts in the solid state. Density functional theory simulations indicate that the thermal energy of counterion‐induced proton transfer is crucial to produce diradicaloids, which can be manipulated in tailoring the azaphenalene backbones. Noticeably, the formed diradicaloids that are delocalized over the π‐conjugated systems will be beneficial to enhance the carrier density of the matrix and remarkably decrease the work functions of the Al electrode. The all‐solution‐processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells are fabricated by employing them as CILs, which results in high power conversion efficiency of 10.24% in contrast to the 7.34% of the reference device without CILs.
A Gradient Heterostructure Based on Tolerance Factor in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with 0.84 Fill Factor
Authors: Qiao Hong Wei , Yang Shuang , Wang Yun , Chen Xiao , Wen Tian Yu , Tang Li Juan , Cheng Qilin , Hou Yu , Zhao Huijun , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA gradient heterosturcture is one of the basic methods to control the charge flow in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, a classical route for gradient heterosturctures is based on the diffusion technique, in which the guest ions gradually diffuse into the films from a concentrated source of dopants. The gradient heterosturcture is only accessible to the top side, and may be time consuming and costly. Here, the “intolerant” n‐type heteroatoms (Sb3+, In3+) with mismatched cation sizes and charge states can spontaneously enrich two sides of perovskite thin films. The dopants at specific sides can be extracted by a typical hole‐transport layer. Theoretical calculations and experimental observations both indicate that the optimized charge management can be attributed to the tailored band structure and interfacial electronic hybridization, which promote charge separation and collection. The strategy enables the fabrication of PSCs with a spontaneous graded heterojunction showing high efficiency. A champion device based on Sb3+ doped film shows a stabilized power‐conversion efficiency of 21.04% with a high fill factor of 0.84 and small hysteresis.
Harnessing Motile Amoeboid Cells as Trucks for Microtransport and ‐Assembly
Authors: Nagel Oliver , Frey Manuel , Gerhardt Matthias , Beta Carsten 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCell‐driven microtransport is one of the most prominent applications in the emerging field of biohybrid systems. While bacterial cells have been successfully employed to drive the swimming motion of micrometer‐sized cargo particles, the transport capacities of motile adherent cells remain largely unexplored. Here, it is demonstrated that motile amoeboid cells can act as efficient and versatile trucks to transport microcargo. When incubated together with microparticles, cells of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum readily pick up and move the cargo particles. Relying on the unspecific adhesive properties of the amoeba, a wide range of different cargo materials can be used. The cell‐driven transport can be directionally guided based on the chemotactic responses of amoeba to chemoattractant gradients. On the one hand, the cargo can be assembled into clusters in a self‐organized fashion, relying on the developmentally induced chemotactic aggregation of cells. On the other hand, chemoattractant gradients can be externally imposed to guide the cellular microtrucks to a desired location. Finally, larger cargo particles of different shapes that exceed the size of a single cell by more than an order of magnitude, can also be transported by the collective effort of large numbers of motile cells.
Perovskite Oxyfluoride Electrode Enabling Direct Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide with Excellent Electrochemical Performances
Authors: Li Yihang , Li Yong , Wan Yanhong , Xie Yun , Zhu Junfa , Pan Haibin , Zheng Xusheng , Xia Changrong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSolid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) can efficiently convert the greenhouse‐gas CO2 to valuable fuel CO at the cathodes. Herein, fluorine is doped into mixed ionic–electronic conducting Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6‐δ (SFM), to evaluate its potential use as a cathode for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2‐RR). SFM retains its cubic structure after doped with fluorine, forming perovskite oxyfluoride Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6‐δF0.1 (F‐SFM). The substitution of oxygen by fluorine increases CO2 adsorption by a factor of ≈2, bulk oxygen vacancy concentration by 35–37% at 800 °C, and consequently enhances the surface reaction rate constant for CO2‐RR and chemical bulk diffusion coefficient by factors of 2–3. The faster kinetics are also reflected by a lower polarization resistance of 0.656 Ω cm2 for F‐SFM than 1.130 Ω cm2 for SFM at 800 °C in symmetrical cells. Furthermore, the single cell with F‐SFM cathode exhibits the best CO2 electrolysis performance among the reported perovskite electrodes, achieving current density of 1.36 A cm−2 at 1.5 V and excellent stability over 120 h at 800 °C under harsh conditions. The theoretical computations confirm that fluorine doping is energetically favorable to CO2 adsorption and dissociation. The present work provides a promising strategy for the design of robust cathodes for direct CO2 electrolysis in SOECs.