bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Role of Histochemical Stains in Identifying Merkel Cells in Dogs
Authors: Ramírez Gustavo A. , de los Monteros Antonio Espinosa 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMerkel cells (MCs) are neuroendocrine cells involved with tactile sense, growth, differentiation, and homeostasis of the skin as well as in different cutaneous diseases. Specific staining techniques are required for their identification because they are not easily visible in paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The present study assess the histochemical features of the MCs in dogs comparing with those described for other mammals in the literature and with the use of immunohistochemistry. A systematic study of samples from MCs‐rich areas from healthy dogs was carried out by use of several histologic stains, including metachromatic staining, silver stains, methylene blue, periodic acid–Schiff stain, and osmium‐based staining method. MCs were detected by the Grimelius argyrophilic stain in 86.7% of the specimens. The staining was showed as dark‐brown granular cytoplasmic and consistently polarized to the basal cell cytoplasm matching with the cellular distribution of the characteristic neurosecretory granules. Some modifications in the standard staining protocol, including rinsing, silver reimpregnation, and counterstain dye, enhanced the MCs identification in stratified squamous epithelium. When compared with Cytokeratin 20‐immunolabeled serial sections several MCs appeared nonstained with the argyrophilic method. These differences in MC numbers between stains were statistically significant. Other histologic stains failed to identify MCs in the specimens. The results of this study indicate that Grimelius argyrophilic stain is a suitable method for demonstration of MCs in the stratified squamous epithelium of skin and mucosa. Discussion on its utility when compared with immunohistochemistry and a review of the scientific literature is also presented. Anat Rec, 302:1458–1464, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematization, Description, and Territory of the Middle Cerebral, Rostral, and Cerebroethmoidal Arteries on the Surface of the Brain of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Nazer Manoel B. , Campos Rui , Voll Juliana 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThirty ostrich specimens were injected with red‐dyed latex via the internal carotid arteries (Aa.) The middle cerebral and cerebroethmoidal arteries and their branches were systematized. The middle cerebral artery (a.) was always a single large vessel. On the right side, it had two, three, or one developed medial hemispheric branches in 46.6%, 26.7%, and 26.7% of cases, respectively. On the left side, one (36.7%), two (33.3%), and three (30%) developed medial hemispheric branches were observed. The middle cerebral artery had eight (40%), nine (20%), seven (16.7%), eleven (6.7%) ten (6.7%), twelve (3.3%), six (3.3%), and five (3.3%) developed lateral hemispheric branches on the right side and seven (46.7%), nine (13.3%), eight (13.3%), six (10%), five (10%), and ten (6.7%) on the left. Two (33.3%), four (20%), three (20%), one (16.7%), and five (10%) direct perforating branches of the middle cerebral artery were present on the right, and three (33.3%), two (30%), one (13.4%), six (10%), four (10%), and five (3.3%) were present on the left. The cerebroethmoidal artery, always present as a natural continuation of the rostral terminal branch of the brain's carotid artery and originating from the middle cerebral artery, was a large vessel that projected rostromedially, giving off the rostral cerebral artery shortly after its formation and continuing as the ethmoidal artery. The rostral cerebral artery was a single (90%) and double (10%) vessel on the right and a single (96.7%) and double vessel (3.3%) on the left. The ethmoidal artery was always a medium to large single vessel and was the natural continuation of the cerebroethmoidal artery, immediately after giving off the rostral cerebral artery. Anat Rec, 302:1187–1194, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and Assessment of a Three‐Dimensional Tooth Morphology Quiz for Dental Students
Authors: Lone Mutahira , Vagg Tamara , Theocharopoulos Antonios , Cryan John F. , Mckenna Joseph P. , Downer Eric J. , Toulouse André 
Published: October 2018

Tooth morphology has a pivotal role in the dental curriculum and provides one of the important foundations of clinical practice. To supplement tooth morphology teaching a three‐dimensional (3D) quiz application (app) was developed. The 3D resource enables students to study tooth morphology actively by selecting teeth from an interactive quiz, modify their viewpoint and level of zoom. Additionally, students are able to rotate the tooth to obtain a 3D spatial understanding of the different surfaces of the tooth. A cross‐over study was designed to allow comparison of students’ results after studying with the new application or traditionally with extracted/model teeth. Data show that the app provides an efficient learning tool and that students’ scores improve with usage (18% increase over three weeks, P < 0.001). Data also show that student assessment scores were correlated with scores obtained while using the app but were not influenced by the teaching modality initially accessed (r2 = 0.175, P < 0.01). Comparison of the 2016 and 2017 class performance shows that the class that had access to the app performed significantly better on their final tooth morphology assessment (68.0% ±15.0 vs. 75.3% ±13.4, P < 0.01). Furthermore, students reported that the 3D application was intuitive, provided useful feedback, presented the key features of the teeth, and assisted in learning tooth morphology. The 3D tooth morphology app thus provides students with a useful adjunct teaching tool for learning dental anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 00: 000–000. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.
Synthesis and Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties of Azaterrylene Derivatives
Authors: Hirono Akitsu , Sakai Hayato , Hasobe Taku 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA series of terrylene derivatives, such as monoazaterrylene (MATerry), 1,6‐diazaterrylene (DiATerry) and pristine terrylene (Terry), were synthesized by changing the number of nitrogen atoms at the bay region (1 and 6 positions of the Terry core). The electrochemical measurements suggested that the first one‐electron reduction and oxidation potentials became positively shifted with increasing numbers of nitrogen atoms. This agreed with the energies of the corresponding highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) states estimated by DFT methods. In contrast, the HOMO–LUMO gaps approximately remained constant. This trend is quite similar to the spectroscopic behaviors observed by absorption and fluorescence spectra. The solvent polarity‐dependent spectroscopic trends of DiATerry suggested the intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) characters. The evaluation of the excited‐state dynamics in various solvents indicated the electronic configurational changes of the excited states relative to the ground state via the ICT. This was supported by the Lippert–Mataga plots. Finally, the reversible protonation and deprotonation processes were also observed.
Improving GPS/INS Integration Using FIKF‐Filtered Innovation Kalman Filter
Authors: Shaghaghian Alireza , Karimaghaee Paknoosh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Kalman Filter (KF) is the most popular approach in sensor fusion and navigation applications. Improving the accuracy of estimation may increase the navigation accuracy. KF is the best choice for minimum variance optimal estimation, but it is not the best approach to improve some of the main and classic features such as steady‐state error reduction. These features are more important than optimality for applications like accuracy improvement in navigation. Also, these features and their solutions have been addressed in classic control techniques as a widely known subject. Therefore, some similar improvements in the estimation problem are discussed in the literature. These studies try to conserve the optimality in the covariance of the error, but classic and optimal features cannot be achieved simultaneously. Hence, these methods are not as efficient as expected. This paper intends to improve the estimation of position and velocity in navigation problems by integrating classic and modern control techniques. Beside the classic features and advantages, it may be seen that the resulted covariance of error is not minimum anymore, but it is comparable with the optimal methods.
Do process simulations during episodic future thinking enhance the reduction of delay discounting for middle income participants and those living in poverty?
Authors: O'Donnell Sara , Daniel Tinuke Oluyomi , Koroschetz Jordynn , Kilanowski Colleen , Otminski Aris , Bickel Warren K. , Epstein Leonard H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwo studies examined whether episodic future thinking (EFT; pre‐experiencing future events) reduces discounting of future rewards (DD). No studies have investigated whether process simulations (i.e., simulating the process of executing a future event) amplify EFT's reduction of DD. Study 1 examined the effect of incorporating process simulations into EFT (N = 42, Mage = 43.27; 91% female, family income = $75,976) using a 2 × 2 factorial design with type of episodic thinking (process, nonprocess/general) and temporal perspective (EFT, episodic recent thinking) as between‐subjects factors. Study 2 replicated Study 1 in a sample of adults living in poverty (N = 36; Mage = 38.44, 88% female; family income = $25,625). The results of both studies showed EFT reduced DD, but process‐oriented EFT did not amplify the effect of EFT. Our findings suggest the key ingredient in EFT's effect on DD is self‐projection into the future. This was also the first study to show EFT improves DD in a sample living in poverty.
Synthesis and characterization of a green‐light‐emitting (pbi‐Br)2Ir (acac) metal complex for OLEDs
Authors: Khotele Neha , Kalyani N. Thejo , Dhoble S.J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe designed and synthesized a 2‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazole (pbi‐Br) ligand, which was then employed to create an innovative phosphorescent cyclometallated iridium(III) (pbi‐Br)2Ir(acac) metal complex with acetyl acetone as an ancillary ligand using the Suzuki coupling reaction. The complex was then characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential thermal analysis (DTA) for structural and thermal analysis, respectively. XRD confirmed its amorphous nature and the FTIR spectrum revealed the molecular structure confirmation of the metal complex. The TGA/DTA curve disclosed its thermal stability up to 310°C. Ultraviolet (UV)–vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured to explore the photo‐physical properties of the (pbi‐Br)2Ir(acac) complex in basic and acidic media respectively. With the variation in solvent from acidic to basic media, optical absorption peaks blue shifted with variation in optical densities. These results facilitated the calculation of various photo‐physical parameters. When excited at 379 nm in the solid state, the synthesized complex gave out a green light emission, peaking at λemi = 552 nm. Staggering differences in optical density were observed in the PL spectra of the solvated complex. A Stokes’ shift of 7140.45 cm−1 and 7364.94 cm−1 was observed when the complex was solvated in acetic acid and chloroform, respectively. Hence the synthesized iridium metal complex can be considered as promising green emissive material for optoelectronic applications.
Medicine and meaning—How experienced therapists describe the role of medication in recovery processes in bipolar disorder
Authors: Veseth Marius , Stige Signe Hjelen , Binder Per‐Einar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionPharmacological interventions are viewed as central to clinical work with people diagnosed with bipolar disorder. But what is the meaning of medicine? How do clinicians view the role of medication in recovery processes in bipolar disorder? The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of experienced therapists regarding the role of medicine in the treatment of people with bipolar disorder.MethodsIn a Norwegian specialist mental health care setting, we conducted 12 semi‐structured individual interviews with experienced therapists and analysed the resulting transcripts using a team‐based thematic analysis method.FindingsWe identified four themes: (a) the bedrock of therapy; (b) an imperfect answer and a dangerous tool; (c) the hallmark of insight; and (d) negotiating medicine, negotiating meaning.ConclusionWe relate our findings to the shortcomings of the dominant medical model and argue that a recovery perspective can be a helpful tool for counsellors and psychotherapists in understanding the meaning of medicine for people with bipolar disorder.
Classification and statistical analysis of hydrothermal seafloor rocks measured underwater using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Yelameli Mallikarjun , Thornton Blair , Takahashi Tomoko , Weerakoon Tharindu , Ishii Kazuo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the use of statistical methods for the classification of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements of water‐immersed rocks with respect to their labels and geological groups. The analysis is performed on deep‐sea hydrothermal deposit rocks. These rocks are categorized on the basis of the relative ratio of Zn‐Pb‐Cu on a ternary diagram. The proposed method demonstrates that the accurate classification of rocks with respect to their labels and geological group from the LIBS data can be successfully achieved by combining principal component analysis (PCA), which reduces the dimensionality of the data, with classification algorithms such as the support vector machine (SVM), k‐nearest neighbor search (KNN), and artificial neural network (ANN) methods. The performance of the classification algorithms depends on the size of the dataset. Additionally, removing the linear trend from the data enhances the performance of the classification in terms of sensitivity. The best classification performance concerning the rock label is obtained using an SVM linear kernel algorithm with 95% sensitivity. The best classification performance concerning the geological group is obtained using the SVM method with 98% accuracy. The one‐sided Wilcoxon signed rank test is applied to the classification results in the rock label and group cases, and the results indicate that the SVM algorithm has statistical significance over the other algorithms while classifying the rock labels and rock group.
Targeted Nanoswitchable Inhibitors of Protein–Protein Interactions Involved in Apoptosis
Authors: Nevola Laura , Varese Monica , Martín‐Quirós Andrés , Mari Giacomo , Eckelt Kay , Gorostiza Pau , Giralt Ernest 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProgress in drug delivery is hampered by a lack of efficient strategies to target drugs with high specificity and precise spatiotemporal regulation. The remote control of nanoparticles and drugs with light allows regulation of their action site and dosage. Peptide‐based drugs are highly specific, non‐immunogenic, and can be designed to cross the plasma membrane. In order to combine target specificity and remote control of drug action, here we describe a versatile strategy based on a generalized template to design nanoswitchable peptides that modulate protein–protein interactions upon light activation. This approach is demonstrated to promote photomodulation of two important targets involved in apoptosis (the interactions Bcl‐xL–Bak and MDM2–p53), but can be also applied to a large pool of therapeutically relevant protein–protein interactions mediated by α‐helical motifs. The template can be adjusted using readily available information about hot spots (residues contributing most to the binding energy) at the protein–protein interface of interest.
Multiphoton Imaging of Collagen, Elastin, and Calcification in Intact Soft‐Tissue Samples
Authors: Gade Piyusha S. , Robertson Anne M. , Chuang Chih‐Yuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultiphoton‐induced second‐harmonic generation and two‐photon excitation enable imaging of collagen and elastin fibers at micron‐level resolution to depths of hundreds of microns, without the use of exogenous stains. These attributes can be leveraged for quantitative analysis of the 3D architecture of collagen and elastin fibers within intact, soft tissue specimens such as the artery and bladder wall. This architecture influences the function of intramural cells and also plays a primary role in determining tissue passive mechanical properties. Calcification deposition in soft tissues is a highly prevalent pathology in both older and diseased populations that can alter tissue properties. In this unit, we provide a protocol for simultaneous multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging and analysis of 3D collagen and elastin structures with calcification, which is effective for fixed and fresh intact samples. We also provide an associated micro‐CT protocol to identify regions of interest in the samples as a means to target the MPM imaging. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Co‐scheduling of data intensive jobs and processor redistribution under temperature constraints
Authors: Ramesh T. , Suresh R.M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWith the congregation of more and more data intensive computational task in cloud environment, the distributive paradigm of data processing acquire the state of being more cost‐sensitive in commercial cloud computing environment. Also, the rise in power density from physical machines and memory systems has caused the development of mechanisms to cater efficient thermal management system. Owing to the reactive nature, these methods usually suffer from poor predictability; hence, there lies a dearth of availability of such mechanism to efficiently co‐schedule data intensive jobs and thermal management of physical computational cores in order to establish a workflow which guarantee in managing scheduling operations under time critical situations and thermal constraints. In this study, we present a reinforcement learning inspired heuristic reduction to co‐schedule such operations in near real‐time scenario. While this problem is, in general sense, corresponding to NP‐Hard problem, but the pluggable co‐scheduler so presented in this study can provide significant savings in affordable computational time under temperature constraints.
An optimal Internet of Things–based smart cities using vehicular cloud for smart driving
Authors: Ramya Devi M. , Krishnan Sivakumar , Lokesh S. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryEmpowering vehicular cloud can be done by having certain snapshot of the quantity of vehicles and their accessibility in a given lane through a model, and in addition, some additional framework, including movement of vehicles. The quantity of vehicles determines the calculation abilities accessible in this area and the traveling time shows the time of validity for a particular lane. Accordingly, in this paper, we do research using stochastic investigation of a few traffic attributes identified with the usage of cloud computing in a street portion to embrace appropriate activity prototypes. In particular, we have two sorts of activity situations that are considered: free‐flow movement and queueing‐ up activity. We utilize a perceptible traffic model to explore the free‐flow activity and examine some parameters, for example, activity thickness, vehicles quantity, and living arrangement time. Likewise, we use the queueing‐ up hypothesis to demonstrate the queue movement; the line length and the holding up time in the line are investigated. The outcomes will be presented for the customers who got struck in road traffic a common problem in all countries to get rid of traffic conditions. By using this, an alternate route will be predicted for the customer which is traffic free while driving.
Visual preferences for direct‐gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta) with limited face exposure
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth A. , Paukner Annika , Pedersen Eric J. , Ferrari Pier F. , Parr Lisa A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFrom birth, human and nonhuman primates attend more to faces with direct gaze compared with averted gaze, and previous studies report that attention to the eyes is linked to the emergence of later social skills. Here, we explored whether early experiences influence attraction to eye contact in infant macaques by examining their attention to face pairs varying in their gaze direction across the first 13 weeks of life. Infants raised by human caretakers had limited conspecific interactions (nursery‐reared; N = 16) and were compared to infants raised in rich social environments (mother‐reared; N = 20). Both groups looked longer to faces and the eyes of direct compared to averted‐gaze faces. Looking to all faces and eyes also increased with age. Nursery‐reared infants did not display age‐associated increases in attention to direct‐gaze faces specifically, suggesting that, while there may be an initial preference for direct‐gaze faces from birth, social experiences may support its early development.
Validity of diagnostic codes and estimation of prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers using a large electronic medical record database
Authors: Cahn Avivit , Altaras Talya , Agami Tal , Liran Ori , Touaty Colette E. , Drahy Michel , Pollack Rena , Raz Itamar , Chodick Gabriel , Zucker Inbar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsTo assess the validity of the diagnostic codes relating to diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in the electronic medical records of a large integrated care provider and to assess the prevalence of DFU among its members.Materials and MethodsData were obtained from the diabetes registry of Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS), a 2.1‐million‐member sick‐fund in Israel, which included 125 665 patients in 2015. We randomly selected and reviewed ~400 patient files from each of the following categories during study period: (1) had a diagnostic code of DFU; (2) had a diagnostic code, or clinical condition suggestive of DFU including: leg‐ulcer, amputation, DFU in quartiles proximate to 2015 or abnormality reported by nurse; (3) patients at high risk for DFU (age > 35 and one of the following: peripheral artery disease, neuropathy, DFU during 2011‐2014, eGFR<30 mL/min/m2 or foot deformity). The patients' charts were reviewed by study physicians, and DFU was validated or refuted.ResultsRelying upon diagnostic codes entered by physicians, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 73.1% (95% CI 67.6‐78.2), and the sensitivity was 48.2% (95% CI 45.8‐50.7%). The PPV of the diagnostic codes listed by podiatrists were significantly lower, while that of codes listed by nurses was higher but with lower sensitivity. The estimated annual prevalence of DFU in the diabetes registry of MHS was 1.2% (95%CI 1.0‐1.5%).ConclusionsDiagnostic codes alone cannot be used reliably to create a DFU registry. Nevertheless, the data collected provide an estimate of the prevalence of DFU among patients included in the MHS diabetes registry.