bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Insulation Characteristics of Polybenzoxazine Aerogels
Authors: Xiao Yunyun , Li Liangjun , Zhang Sizhao , Feng Junzong , Jiang Yonggang , Feng Jian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolybenzoxazine (PBO) aerogels with low densities and low thermal conductivities are prepared from Bisphenol A (BPA) benzoxazine monomers by ring‐opened polymerisation using HCl as a catalyser at 10 °C. The obtained PBO aerogels have cross‐linked and 3D network structures with the densities ranging from 0.084 to 0.526 g cm−3. The thermal conductivities under different pressures (3–105 Pa, air) and different atmospheres (N2, Ar, and CO2, 105 Pa) are investigated. The thermal conductivities are in the range of 0.0335–0.0652 W m K−1 under ambient pressure and 0.0098–0.0571 W m K−1 at 3 Pa. The thermal transfer mechanism under different gas pressures is analyzed with increasing pressure. Under different atmospheres, the thermal conductivities decrease as the molecular weight of the gas increases. Compared with the traditional organic foam insulating materials of phenolic foam, polyurethane and polystyrene, which have similar apparent densities, PBO aerogels exhibit lower thermal conductivity of 0.0335 W m K−1 than that of traditional organic foam at room temperature.
Lightweight, Elastomeric, and Flame‐Retardant Foams from Expanded Chlorinated Polymers
Authors: Zhang Zhen Xiu , Dai Xin‐ru , Luo Peng , Sinha Tridib K. , Kim Jin Kuk , Li Huan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntrinsically flame‐retardant polymers based on lightweight and elastomeric microcellular foams are successfully prepared from flexible chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)/chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC) compounds through compression molding foaming technology. The incorporation of CPVC to CPE at once improves the foam characteristics, and enhances the mechanical and fire performances. Due to the plausible intermolecular and intramolecular crosslinking among the polymer chains, the dense network structure of CPE/CPVC with enhanced strength results in increased cell size, reduced cell density, and improved dimensional stability of CPE/CPVC foams (CCFs). These improvements are noticed to be enhanced with increasing CPVC content in the CCF. Also, the flame‐retardant properties of the foams (i.e., limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter combustion) are found to be increased with the increase of CPVC content. For instance, a highly flame‐retardant CCF at CPE/CPVC ratio of 60/40 shows a shorter combustion period, as derived from the respective heat release rate vs time curve. Corresponding peaks of heat release rate, total heat release rate, peak of mass loss rate, total smoke release, and char residue are recorded to be 8.4%, 5.8%, 3.0%, 6.6%, and 1000.1% of those recorded for the pristine CPE foam.
Cable‐Shaped Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Composite Yarns
Authors: Yuan Hongxin , Zhang Miao , Yang Chen , Liu Lixuan , Lu Ruichao , Mao Lijuan , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe research on flexible and wearable devices has attracted extensive attention in the last few years. Lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are regarded as a promising option because of their high theoretical capacity and energy density. Here, cable‐shaped Li‐S batteries are developed based on a nitrogen‐doped carbon/carbon nanotube/sulfur (NCNT/S) composite cathode and lithium metal anode. The carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns with high conductivity and an appropriate amount of doped nitrogen are synthesized by wet‐spinning followed by a carbonization process, and further act as a self‐supported conductive backbone for the active material. The NCNT/S yarns exhibit a high initial capacitance of 1001 mAh g−1 and excellent cyclic stability with 87% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. Furthermore, the assembled cable‐shaped Li‐S batteries by NCNT/S yarns present good ability to light up the LEDs for more than 8 h under normal and bending states at various angles, indicating that the cable‐shaped Li‐S batteries could be a prospective candidate for application in wearable electronics.
Healthcare burden among individuals with Angelman syndrome: Findings from the Angelman Syndrome Natural History Study
Authors: Khan Nasreen , Cabo Raquel , Tan Wen‐Hann , Tayag Regina , Bird Lynne M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study is to describe healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and supportive therapy utilization (STU) among individuals with Angelman syndrome (AS), and to compare such usage by molecular etiology.MethodsParticipants were categorized into deletion and non‐deletion genotypes. Statistical differences were assessed using an independent samples t test.ResultsData were available on 302 individuals. Mean age of participants was 5.5 years, 92% of whom were less than 13 years, and 71% had the deletion etiology. About 68% of participants had at least one hospitalization since birth to enrollment in the study; the average number of hospitalizations during that time period was 2.3 and average length of stay was 4.5 days. The most common reasons for hospitalization were seizures, lower respiratory infections, and surgery. The most common reasons for surgery were myringotomy, strabismus surgery, tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy, and gastrostomy tube insertion/fundoplication. Anticonvulsants, gastroesophageal reflux disease, sleep, and behavioral medications were the most commonly prescribed drugs. STU was high among individuals with AS.ConclusionsThis study shows that individuals with AS have high HRU/STU, and apart from a few differences, HRU/STU was similar across molecular etiology. These results reflect usage in younger individuals and studies that describe HRU/STU in older individuals are needed.
MEIS1 knockdown may promote differentiation of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line KYSE‐30
Authors: Mahmoudian Reihaneh Alsadat , Bahadori Bahareh , Rad Abolfazl , Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza , Forghanifard Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMEIS1 (Myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1), as a homeobox (HOX) transcription factor, has a dual function in different types of cancer. Although numerous roles are proposed for MEIS1 in differentiation, stem cell function, gastrointestinal development and tumorigenesis, the involved molecular mechanisms are poor understood. Our aim in this study was to elucidate the functional correlation between MEIS1, as regulator of differentiation process, and the involved genes in cell differentiation in human esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESC) cell line KYSE‐30.MethodsThe KYSE‐30 cells were transduced using recombinant retroviral particles containing specific shRNA sequence against MEIS1 to knockdown MEIS1 gene expression. Following RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, mRNA expression of MEIS1 and the selected genes including TWIST1, EGF, CDX2, and KRT4 was examined using relative comparative real‐time PCR.ResultsRetroviral transduction caused a significant underexpression of MEIS1 in GFP‐hMEIS1 compared to control GFP cells approximately 5.5‐fold. While knockdown of MEIS1 expression caused a significant decrease in EGF and TWIST1 mRNA expression, nearly ‐8‐ and ‐12‐fold respectively, it caused a significant increase in mRNA expression of differentiation markers including KRT4 and CDX2, approximately 34‐ and 1.14‐fold, correspondingly.ConclusionMEIS1 gene silencing in KYSE‐30 cells increased expression of epithelial markers and decreased expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker TWIST1. It may highlight the role of MEIS1 in differentiation process of KYSE‐30 cells. These results may confirm that MEIS1 silencing promotes differentiation and decreases EMT capability of ESC cell line KYSE‐30.
As a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Upregulates GluR2 Expression: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Xing Aiping , Li Xinhui , Jiang Congmin , Chen Yanqiu , Wu Sining , Zhang Jingzhu , An Li 
Published: May 2019

Scopeγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) possesses extensive physiological functions and can be directly obtained from foods. GABA‐enriched functional foods have been developed and the commercial demands for GABA are increasing. GABA is widely recognized as a central nervous system inhibitory neurotransmitter and plays an important role in some diseases by binding to its receptors. However, some of the functions of GABA are not explained by neurotransmission or GABA receptor pathways. Therefore, this study investigates whether GABA has the potential to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC).Methods and resultsIt is found that GABA inhibits HDAC1/2/3 expression and upregulates histone acetylation levels (Ace‐H3K9/Ace‐H4K12) in SH‐SY5Y cells (which express GABA receptors), 3T3‐L1 cells (which do not express GABA receptors), and the cerebral cortex in mice. Glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) is a subunit of the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor and is implicated in the pathogenesis of some neurological diseases. It is also found that GABA increases GluR2 expression by inhibiting HDAC1/2 but not HDAC3.ConclusionA novel role for GABA is demonstrated in which it acts as an HDAC inhibitor. The present study expands the horizons for exploring the non‐neurotransmitter functions of GABA.
Small‐sized, decoupled two‐monopole antenna system using the same monopole as decoupling structure
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen , Hsiao Ya‐Wen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA simple decoupling technique utilizing the same radiator geometry as the resonator‐based decoupling structure for the isolation enhancement is proposed. The design consists of two identical radiating monopoles and the same radiator grounded between the two monopoles. The targeted design footprint of the two‐antenna system occupies a size of 5 mm × 40 mm (about 0.04λ × 0.32λ at 2.4 GHz) with a gap of 2 mm between the radiating and the decoupling monopoles. Each monopole shows a small size of 5 mm × 12 mm, comprising a simple 5‐GHz monopole, a chip inductor, and a tuning end portion, and is capable of operating in the range between 2.4 GHz (2400‐2484 MHz) and 5 GHz (5150‐5825 MHz) wireless local area network bands. In this design, the decoupling structure is obtained by duplicating the radiating monopole but grounding its feed port to the small antenna ground. By properly tuning the lengths of the end portions for the radiating and the decoupling monopoles, good isolation better than 15 dB between the antennas in 2.4 and 5 GHz bands can be attained.
Design and preparation of poly(lactic acid) hydroxyapatite nanocomposites reinforced with phosphorus‐based organic additive: Thermal, combustion, and mechanical properties studies
Authors: Hajibeygi Mohsen , Shafiei‐Navid Saeid 
Published: May 2019

A new phosphorus‐based organic additive (PDA) was designed and successfully synthesized using a three‐component reaction for improvement of the thermal and combustion resistance of polylactic acid (PLA). For compensate for mechanical properties of PLA, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was modified via in situ surface modification with PDA and was used for preparation of PLA nanocomposites. The structure and morphology as well as thermal, combustion, and mechanical properties of the all PLA systems were investigated. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) results indicated that the presence of PDA as surface modifier has been necessary for a desirable dispersion of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles in the PLA matrix. The thermal, combustion, and mechanical properties of the PLA system films were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), and tensile test, respectively. The initial decomposition temperature and char residue of PLA containing 6 mass% of PDA along with 2 mass% HA nanoparticles were increased 20°C and 12% respectively, compared with that of the neat PLA. The peak of heat release rate was decreased from 566 W/g for the neat PLA to 412 W/g for PLA containing 2 mass% of PDA along with 6 mass% HA nanoparticles. By incorporation of only 2 mass% HA nanoparticles and 6 mass% of PDA, the tensile strength was obtained 51 MPa higher than that of the neat PLA.
River research and applications across borders
Authors: Pinter Nicholas , Brasington James , Gurnell Angela , Kondolf G. Mathias , Tockner Klement , Wharton Geraldene , Yarnell Sarah M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRivers flow across national borders, unfettered by political distinctions, and the ecological health of rivers is closely linked to their degree of connectivity. River research today is more global than it has ever been, but we show that river research, engineering, and management still operate within homegrown local paradigms. As a basis for this discussion, we studied the citation networks surrounding the most widely cited papers in our field, assessing the degree to which researchers have collaborated across geographical boundaries and fully drawn from the international literature. Despite gains over time, our field remains surprisingly and pervasively provincial. The likely explanation for provincial bias is that researchers are generally more familiar and comfortable with their own research methods, sites, and agendas. However, local focus has tangible consequences. For example, contrasting paradigms and differing approaches to river restoration and to flood‐risk management show that opportunities are lost when we fail to learn from the successes and failures of other regions. As we look to the future, increased engagement across political and intellectual and physical borders should propel the field of river science into new and exciting directions.
Convergence of Cell Pharmacology and Drug Delivery
Authors: Aijaz Ayesha , Vaninov Natalie , Allen Ashley , Barcia Rita N. , Parekkadan Biju 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Cellular therapy is enabling new approaches to tackle significant unmet needs in areas such as regenerative medicine and immunotherapy. The pharmacology of cell therapeutics becomes of critical importance to assure that these new drugs work reproducibly and effectively. Cell pharmacology can benefit from adapting principles of classical molecular drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to quantitatively understand rate-limiting constraints of cell fate after administration. Future innovations focused on improvements in drug delivery using a PK/PD perspective can aid in designing a cell therapeutic product to overcome any pharmacological barriers for a given disease application. Herein, we present a perspective on the development of an ex vivo mesenchymal stromal therapeutic using a PK/PD framework and also present examples of general cell engineering techniques that implicitly influence the PK/PD curve by genetically modifying cells to regulate their in vivo duration, biodistribution, and activity. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:874–879
The limits of transparency: A systems theory view
Authors: Valentinov Vladislav , Verschraegen Gert , Van Assche Kristof 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe paper explores the implications of Ludwig von Bertalanffy's general systems theory for the current debates on the nature of organizational transparency as an element of good governance. If transparency implies the exchange of information, then it may be taken, at a metaphorical level, to constitute a dimension of metabolism theorized by Bertalanffy's open systems model. Yet, the model likewise lays bare some of the limits of transparency idea. Bertalanffy's work on the nature of emergent properties, his critique of the stimulus–response scheme, and his perspectivistic account of the systemic perception of the environment all point in the direction of the impossibility of full transparency. Later systems‐theoretic work on operational closure and self‐referentiality has reinforced and even radicalized these insights, which are shown to resonate with some of the key arguments in the contemporary economics, sociology of knowledge, and business ethics.
RNA control in pain: Blame it on the messenger
Authors: de la Peña June Bryan I. , Song Jane J. , Campbell Zachary T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractmRNA function is meticulously controlled. We provide an overview of the integral role that posttranscriptional controls play in the perception of painful stimuli by sensory neurons. These specialized cells, termed nociceptors, precisely regulate mRNA polarity, translation, and stability. A growing body of evidence has revealed that targeted disruption of mRNAs and RNA‐binding proteins robustly diminishes pain‐associated behaviors. We propose that the use of multiple independent regulatory paradigms facilitates robust temporal and spatial precision of protein expression in response to a range of pain‐promoting stimuli.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
New insights into copper homeostasis in filamentous fungi
Authors: Antsotegi-Uskola Martzel , Markina-Iñarrairaegui Ane , Ugalde Unai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCopper is a metal ion that is required as a micronutrient for growth and proliferation. However, copper accumulation generates toxicity by multiple mechanisms, potentially leading to cell death. Due to its toxic nature at high concentrations, different chemical variants of copper have been extensively used as antifungal agents in agriculture and medicine. Most studies on copper homeostasis have been carried out in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian organisms. However, knowledge on filamentous fungi is less well documented. This review summarizes the knowledge gathered in the last few years about copper homeostasis in the filamentous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans: The mechanism of action of copper, the uptake and detoxification systems, their regulation at the transcriptional level, and the role of copper homeostasis in fungal pathogenicity are presented.
Heterologous expression of the diazaquinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster
Authors: Braesel Jana , Tran Tuan Anh , Eustáquio Alessandra S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Members of the diazaquinomycin class of natural products have shown potent and selective activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, poor aqueous solubility has prevented extensive studies in animal models thus far. Our long-term goal is to harness knowledge regarding diazaquinomycin biosynthesis towards the generation of derivatives for structure–activity relationship studies. We have previously sequenced the genomes of two diazaquinomycin-producing, actinomycete bacteria and identified putative daq biosynthetic gene clusters. Here, we report the heterologous expression of the daq gene cluster from the marine Streptomyces sp. F001 in S. coelicolor M1152. In addition to serving as functional proof for gene cluster assignment, the heterologous expression system reported here is expected to facilitate investigations aimed at elucidating diazaquinomycin biosynthesis.
“Employers could use us, but they don’t”: voices from blue-collar workplaces in a northern periphery
Authors: Holm Anna-Elisabeth , O’Rourke Bernadette , Danson Mike 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article analyses labour market experiences of migrants of non-Nordic origin who have settled in the Faroe Islands, a small North Atlantic archipelago with a population of about 51,000 people. By examining the experiences of educated migrant workers who are employed in three different blue-collar workplaces: a cleaning company and two fish-processing plants, evidence is drawn from a cross-disciplinary study on language and migration in the Faroe Islands. This study explores the experiences of migrants in acquiring, using and becoming “new speakers” of Faroese and the challenges they face regarding labour market access and participation. In this article, framed within an ethnography of language policy, we highlight the institutional language policies which may be shaping migrants’ experiences, and how migrants enact their own language policy decisions and practices on the ground. We focus in particular on internal communication and language management in the three blue-collar worksites, comprising views and voices of both employers and employees, on the language policies and practices observed in these workplaces, and on workers’ views on language learning opportunities in blue-collar workplaces. Added to this, attention is drawn to implications of limited language learning opportunities in blue-collar jobs (which become the main barrier to accessing skilled jobs), to underutilisation of professional skills, and to long term implications of present macro- and micro-level language policies and practices affecting lived realities of workers of migrant origin.
Applications of MxSey (M = Fe, Co, Ni) and Their Composites in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Zhou Huijie , Li Xiaxia , Li Yan , Zheng Mingbo , Pang Huan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Transition-metal selenides (MxSey, M = Fe, Co, Ni) and their composites exhibit good storage capacities for sodium and lithium ions and occupy a unique position in research on sodium-ion and lithium-ion batteries. MxSey and their composites are used as active materials to improve catalytic activity. However, low electrical conductivity, poor cycle stability, and low rate performance severely limit their applications. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to and understanding of the current research progress of MxSey and their composites. Moreover, this review proposes a broader research platform for these materials, including various bioelectrocatalytic performance tests, lithium–sulfur batteries, and fuel cells. The synthesis method and related mechanisms of MxSey and their composites are reviewed, and the effects of material morphologies on their electrochemical performance are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of MxSey and their composites as well as possible strategies for improving the storage and conversion of electrochemical energy are also summarized.
Critical Security History: (De)securitisation, ontological security, and insecure memories
Authors: Donnelly Faye , Steele Brent J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article makes a case for incorporating the concept of ‘Critical Security History’ (CSH) into security studies. While history plays a powerful role in a cornucopia of security stories, we contend that it often goes unnoticed in scholarly research and teaching. Against this backdrop, we present a detailed guide to study how history is told and enacted in non-linear ways. To do this, the article outlines how CSH can contribute to securitisation and ontological security studies. As shown, this lens casts a new light on the legacies of (de)securitisation processes and how they are commemorated. It also illustrates that ontological security studies have only begun to call into question the concept of historicity. Working through these observations, the article marshals insights from Halvard Leira's notion of ‘engaged historical amateurism’ to entice scholars interested in ‘doing’ CSH. While acknowledging that this research agenda is hard to achieve, our study of the 2012 Sarajevo Red Line project helps to illustrate the added value of trying to ‘do’ CSH in theory and in practice. We end with some reflections for future research and continued conversations.