bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Salinity on the Survival and Growth of Anderson's Salamander Ambystoma andersoni Larvae
Authors: Ahumada-García Alejandra , Martínez-Palacios Carlos A , Martínez-Chávez C Cristian , Ríos-Durán M Gisela , Navarrete-Ramírez Pamela , Ross Lindsay G 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Eggs and larvae of axolotls are susceptible to fungal infections in culture, producing high mortalities that could be prevented by the use of saline media. Newly hatched larvae of Anderson's salamander Ambystoma andersoni were exposed to seven salinities (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30‰) to observe the effect on survival. Newly hatched larvae did not tolerate more than 10‰ salinity during short-term exposure. Survival and growth of newly hatched larvae were then assessed at 0, 5, and 10‰ over a 6-week period. Larval survival and growth were greater at 5‰ than in the 0‰ control. Survival, growth, and proximate composition of 60-d-old juveniles were compared between 0‰ and 5‰. The 60-d-old juveniles performed better in 0‰, and there was no significant difference in proximate analysis between treatments. This work shows that salinity can be used to improve survival and growth in Anderson's salamander larvae, as they can tolerate up to 10‰ immediately after hatching, and 2-month-old larvae survive and grow well in salinities of up to 5‰.
tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide Promoted Pd‐catalyzed Homocoupling of Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Xu Xing , Gao Shanshan , Chen Weidong , Gao Zhanghua , Luo Junfei 
Published: August 2018

Abstracttert‐Butyl hydroperoxide was found to be an efficient oxidant for the Pd‐catalyzed homo‐coupling of arylboronic acids. The reaction conditions are extremely green and mild: very low catalyst loading, in air, in water, at room temperature, short reaction time and without any additive such as base or ligand. The method is highly functional group tolerant, allowing a variety of arylboronic acids to transform into the corresponding biaryls in good to excellent yields.
A second look at string-inspired models for proton-proton scattering via Pomeron exchange
Authors: Hu Ziyi , Maddock Brian , Mann Nelia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe re-examine a string dual model for elastic proton-proton scattering via Pomeron exchange. We argue that the method of “Reggeizing” a propagator to take into account an entire trajectory of exchanged particles can be generalized, in particular by modifying the value of a mass-shell parameter in the model. We then fit the generalized model to scattering data at largesand smallt. The fitting results are inconclusive, but suggest that a better fit might be obtained by allowing the mass-shell parameter to vary. The model fits the data equally well (roughly) for a wide range of values of the mass-shell parameter, but the other fitting parameters (the slope and intercept of the Regge trajectory, and the coupling constant and dipole mass from the proton-proton-glueball coupling) are then inconsistent with what we expect. On the other hand, using the traditional method of Reggeization generates a weaker fit, but the other parameters obtain more physically reasonable values. In analyzing the fitting results, we also found that our model is more consistent with the$$ \sqrt{s}=1800 $$s=1800GeV data coming from the E710 experiment than that coming from the CDF experiment, and that our model has the greatest discrepancy with the data in the range 0.5 GeV2<|t|<0.6 GeV2, suggesting that the transition from soft Pomeron to hard Pomeron may occur closer tot= −0.5 GeV2rather thant= −0.6 GeV2as previously thought.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies‐associated glomerulonephritis: From bench to bedside
Authors: Chen Yong‐Xi , Chen Xiao‐Nong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of autoimmune disorders that predominantly affects small vessels. The onset of the disease is closely associated with ANCA. Renal involvement, also known as ANCA‐associated glomerulonephritis (AGN), is one of the most common manifestations of AAV. In this mini‐review, we described the clinical and pathological features of AGN. We then focused on recent studies on the mechanism of acute kidney lesions, including fibrinoid necrosis and crescent formation. Following the basic aspects of kidney injury in AGN, we demonstrated the clinical importance of kidney injury in determining the outcome of patients with AGN. The prognostic value of the 2010 Histopathological Classification of AGN and validating studies were summarized. Finally, treatment and novel therapeutic strategies were introduced addressing the importance of optimizing management of this patient population.
The Mopra Southern Galactic Plane CO Survey—Data Release 3
Authors: Braiding Catherine , Wong G. F. , Maxted N. I. , Romano D. , Burton M. G. , Blackwell R. , Filipović M. D. , Freeman M. S. R. , Indermuehle B. , Lau J. , Rebolledo D. , Rowell G. , Snoswell C. , Tothill N. F. H. , Voisin F. , de Wilt P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present observations of 50 deg2of the Mopra carbon monoxide (CO) survey of the Southern Galactic Plane, covering Galactic longitudesl= 300–350° and latitudes |b| ⩽ 0.5°. These data have been taken at 0.6 arcmin spatial resolution and 0.1 km s−1spectral resolution, providing an unprecedented view of the molecular clouds and gas of the Southern Galactic Plane in the 109–115 GHzJ= 1–0 transitions of12CO,13CO, C18O, and C17O.We present a series of velocity-integrated maps, spectra, and position-velocity plots that illustrate Galactic arm structures and trace masses on the order of ~106M⊙deg−2, and include a preliminary catalogue of C18O clumps located betweenl= 330–340°. Together with the information about the noise statistics of the survey, these data can be retrieved from the Mopra CO website and the PASA data store.
Day centres for older people: a systematically conducted scoping review of literature about their benefits, purposes and how they are perceived
Authors: Orellana Katharine , Manthorpe Jill , Tinker Anthea 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith a policy shift towards personalisation of adult social care in England, much attention has focused on individualised support for older people with care needs. This article reports the findings of a scoping review of United Kingdom (UK) and non-UK literature, published in English from 2005 to 2017, about day centres for older people without dementia and highlights the gaps in evidence. This review, undertaken to inform new empirical research, covered the perceptions, benefits and purposes of day centres. Searches, undertaken in October/November 2014 and updated in August 2017, of electronic databases, libraries, websites, research repositories and journals, identified 77 relevant papers, mostly non-UK. Day centres were found to play a variety of roles for individuals and in care systems. The largest body of evidence concerned social and preventive outcomes. Centre attendance and participation in interventions within them impacted positively on older people's mental health, social contacts, physical function and quality of life. Evidence about outcomes is mainly non-UK. Day centres for older people without dementia are under-researched generally, particularly in the UK. In addition to not being studied as whole services, there are considerable evidence gaps about how day centres are perceived, their outcomes, what they offer, to whom and their wider stakeholders, including family carers, volunteers, staff and professionals who are funding, recommending or referring older people to them.
Factor H binding proteins protect division septa on encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae against complement C3b deposition and amplification
Authors: Pathak Anuj , Bergstrand Jan , Sender Vicky , Spelmink Laura , Aschtgen Marie-Stephanie , Muschiol Sandra , Widengren Jerker , Henriques-Normark Birgitta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae evades C3-mediated opsonization and effector functions by expressing an immuno-protective polysaccharide capsule and Factor H (FH)-binding proteins. Here we use super-resolution microscopy, mutants and functional analysis to show how these two defense mechanisms are functionally and spatially coordinated on the bacterial cell surface. We show that the pneumococcal capsule is less abundant at the cell wall septum, providing C3/C3b entry to underlying nucleophilic targets. Evasion of C3b deposition at division septa and lateral amplification underneath the capsule requires localization of the FH-binding protein PspC at division sites. Most pneumococcal strains have one PspC protein, but successful lineages in colonization and disease may have two, PspC1 and PspC2, that we show affect virulence differently. We find that spatial localization of these FH-recruiting proteins relative to division septa and capsular layer is instrumental for pneumococci to resist complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis, formation of membrane-attack complexes, and for the function as adhesins.
Comparison of atomic scale dynamics for the middle and late transition metal nanocatalysts
Authors: Cao Kecheng , Zoberbier Thilo , Biskupek Johannes , Botos Akos , McSweeney Robert L. , Kurtoglu Abdullah , Stoppiello Craig T. , Markevich Alexander V. , Besley Elena , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Kaiser Ute , Khlobystov Andrei N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCatalysis of chemical reactions by nanosized clusters of transition metals holds the key to the provision of sustainable energy and materials. However, the atomistic behaviour of nanocatalysts still remains largely unknown due to uncertainties associated with the highly labile metal nanoclusters changing their structure during the reaction. In this study, we reveal and explore reactions of nm-sized clusters of 14 technologically important metals in carbon nano test tubes using time-series imaging by atomically-resolved transmission electron microscopy (TEM), employing the electron beam simultaneously as an imaging tool and stimulus of the reactions. Defect formation in nanotubes and growth of new structures promoted by metal nanoclusters enable the ranking of the different metals both in order of their bonding with carbon and their catalytic activity, showing significant variation across the Periodic Table of Elements. Metal nanoclusters exhibit complex dynamics shedding light on atomistic workings of nanocatalysts, with key features mirroring heterogeneous catalysis.
Causal decomposition in the mutual causation system
Authors: Yang Albert C. , Peng Chung-Kang , Huang Norden E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInference of causality in time series has been principally based on the prediction paradigm. Nonetheless, the predictive causality approach may underestimate the simultaneous and reciprocal nature of causal interactions observed in real-world phenomena. Here, we present a causal-decomposition approach that is not based on prediction, but based on the covariation of cause and effect: cause is that which put, the effect follows; and removed, the effect is removed. Using empirical mode decomposition, we show that causal interaction is encoded in instantaneous phase dependency at a specific time scale, and this phase dependency is diminished when the causal-related intrinsic component is removed from the effect. Furthermore, we demonstrate the generic applicability of our method to both stochastic and deterministic systems, and show the consistency of causal-decomposition method compared to existing methods, and finally uncover the key mode of causal interactions in both modelled and actual predator–prey systems.
Measurement of complex optical susceptibility for individual carbon nanotubes by elliptically polarized light excitation
Authors: Yao Fengrui , Liu Can , Chen Cheng , Zhang Shuchen , Zhao Qiuchen , Xiao Fajun , Wu Muhong , Li Jiaming , Gao Peng , Zhao Jianlin , Bai Xuedong , Maruyama Shigeo , Yu Dapeng , Wang Enge , Sun Zhipei , Zhang Jin , Wang Feng , Liu Kaihui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe complex optical susceptibility is the most fundamental parameter characterizing light-matter interactions and determining optical applications in any material. In one-dimensional (1D) materials, all conventional techniques to measure the complex susceptibility become invalid. Here we report a methodology to measure the complex optical susceptibility of individual 1D materials by an elliptical-polarization-based optical homodyne detection. This method is based on the accurate manipulation of interference between incident left- (right-) handed elliptically polarized light and the scattering light, which results in the opposite (same) contribution of the real and imaginary susceptibility in two sets of spectra. We successfully demonstrate its application in determining complex susceptibility of individual chirality-defined carbon nanotubes in a broad optical spectral range (1.6–2.7 eV) and under different environments (suspended and in device). This full characterization of the complex optical responses should accelerate applications of various 1D nanomaterials in future photonic, optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and bio-imaging devices.
Temporal and spatial order of photoreceptor and glia projections into optic lobe in Drosophila
Authors: Chang Yen-Ching , Tsao Chia-Kang , Sun Y. Henry 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhotoreceptor (PR) axons project from the retina to the optic lobe in brain and form a precise retinotopic map in the Drosophila visual system. Yet the role of retinal basal glia in the retinotopic map formation is not previously known. We examined the formation of the retinotopic map by marking single PR pairs and following their axonal projections. In addition to confirming previous studies that the spatial information is preserved from the retina to the optic stalk and then to the optic lamina, we found that the young PR R3/4 axons transiently overshoot and then retract to their final destination, the lamina plexus. We then examined the process of wrapping glia (WG) membrane extension in the eye disc and showed that the WG membrane extensions also follow the retinotopic map. We show that the WG is important for the proper spatial distribution of PR axons in the optic stalk and lamina, suggesting an active role of wrapping glia in the retinotopic map formation.
Expression profiling of peripheral blood miRNA using RNAseq technology in dairy cows with Escherichia coli-induced mastitis
Authors: Luoreng Zhuo-Ma , Wang Xing-Ping , Mei Chu-Gang , Zan Lin-Sen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractE. coli is the main causative agent of mastitis in dairy cows, but the mechanism of molecular regulation underlying the occurrence and development of mastitis has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, an E. coli-induced mastitis model was created and RNASeq technology was used to measure the miRNA expression profiles at different times post-infection (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 dpi), as well as to screen for differentially expressed miRNA. The results show detection of 2416 miRNAs, including 628 known miRNAs and 1788 newly discovered miRNAs. A total of 200 differentially expressed miRNAs were found at different time points. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed miRNAs may regulate the occurrence and development of mastitis in dairy cows through seven signal transduction pathways, namely cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and cell adhesion molecules. In addition, bta-miR-200a, bta-miR-205, bta-miR-122, bta-miR-182 and the newly discovered conservative_15_7229 might be involved in immune process in late stage of E. coli-induced mastitis. The results of this study lay the foundation for molecular network analysis of mastitis and molecular breeding of dairy cows.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Aedes aegypti in Response to Mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis LLP29 Toxin
Authors: Batool Khadija , Alam Intikhab , Wu Songqing , Liu Wencheng , Zhao Guohui , Chen Mingfeng , Wang Junxiang , Xu Jin , Huang Tianpei , Pan Xiaohong , Yu Xiaoqiang , Guan Xiong , Xu Lei , Zhang Lingling 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlobally, Aedes aegypti is one of the most dangerous mosquitoes that plays a crucial role as a vector for human diseases, such as yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya. To identify (1) transcriptomic basis of midgut (2) key genes that are involved in the toxicity process by a comparative transcriptomic analysis between the control and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin (LLP29 proteins)-treated groups. Next-generation sequencing technology was used to sequence the midgut transcriptome of A. aegypti. A total of 17130 unigenes, including 574 new unigenes, were identified containing 16358 (95.49%) unigenes that were functionally annotated. According to differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, 557 DEGs were annotated, including 226 upregulated and 231 downregulated unigenes in the Bt toxin-treated group. A total of 442 DEGs were functionally annotated; among these, 33 were specific to multidrug resistance, 6 were immune-system-related (Lectin, Defensin, Lysozyme), 28 were related to putative proteases, 7 were lipase-related, 8 were related to phosphatases, and 30 were related to other transporters. In addition, the relative expression of 28 DEGs was further confirmed through quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The results provide a transcriptomic basis for the identification and functional authentication of DEGs in A. aegypti.
Multilayer Optimization for the Quantum Internet
Authors: Gyongyosi Laszlo , Imre Sandor 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe define a multilayer optimization method for the quantum Internet. Multilayer optimization integrates separate procedures for the optimization of the quantum layer and the classical layer of the quantum Internet. The multilayer optimization procedure defines advanced techniques for the optimization of the layers. The optimization of the quantum layer covers the minimization of total usage time of quantum memories in the quantum nodes, the maximization of the entanglement throughput over the entangled links, and the reduction of the number of entangled links between the arbitrary source and target quantum nodes. The objective of the optimization of the classical layer is the cost minimization of any auxiliary classical communications. The multilayer optimization framework provides a practically implementable tool for quantum network communications, or long-distance quantum communications.
Functional improvement in chronic human spinal cord injury: Four years after acidic fibroblast growth factor
Authors: Ko Chin-Chu , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Wu Jau-Ching , Huang Wen-Cheng , Tsai Yun-An , Huang Shih-Fong , Huang Hsueh-Chen , Cheng Henrich 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFew treatments have proven effective for patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) in human SCI. This was an open-label prospective clinical trial of aFGF with an extended follow-up to 48 months. All patients were treated with aFGF 3 times, including once directly applied to the injured spinal cord during neurolysis surgery, and twice via lumbar punctures at 3- and 6-months post-operation. Every patient was evaluated with standardized measurements of neurological functions. The trial initially enrolled 60 patients (30 cervical and 30 thoracolumbar SCI), but only 46 (21 cervical- and 25 thoracolumbar-SCI) completed the follow-up. The ASIA impairment scales, motor, pin prick, light touch, and FIM motor subtotal scores were all improved in both groups, except that the ASIA scores of light touch only demonstrated tendency of increase in the cervical-SCI group. All patients had a decrease in dependence, and there were no major adverse events or other oncological problems throughout the follow-up. At 48 months, the study demonstrated that aFGF was safe, feasible, and could yield modest functional improvement in chronic SCI patients. Further randomized control investigations are warranted for validation of its optimal dosage.
Perception of an ambiguous figure is affected by own-age social biases
Authors: Nicholls Michael E. R. , Churches Owen , Loetscher Tobias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough the perception of faces depends on low-level neuronal processes, it is also affected by high-level social processes. Faces from a social in-group, such as people of a similar age, receive more in-depth processing and are processed holistically. To explore whether own-age biases affect subconscious face perception, we presented participants with the young/old lady ambiguous figure. Mechanical Turk was used to sample participants of varying ages from the USA. Results demonstrated that younger and older participants estimated the age of the image as younger and older, respectively. This own-age effect ties in with socio-cultural practices, which are less inclusive towards the elderly. Participants were not aware the study was related to ageing and the stimulus was shown briefly. The results therefore demonstrate that high-level social group processes have a subconscious effect on the early stages of face processing. A neural feedback model is used to explain this interaction.
Broadband low‐loss power splitter based on ferrite cores
Authors: Wei Xin , Liu Lei , Luo Ling‐Zhi , Wang Zheng Bin 
Published: August 2018

A broadband 3‐dB power splitter based on ferrite cores is proposed for RF communication systems. This power splitter is developed from the transformer‐type Wilkinson power splitter, where lumped components are detailed designed to achieve excellent input and output impedance match in an ultra‐wide bandwidth (300 kHz–400 MHz). The power splitter demonstrates better RF characteristics in comparison with former designs. The voltage standing wave ratios of the input and output ports are <1.2, the isolation between two output ports is >20 dB, the amplitude imbalance is <0.04 dB, and the insertion loss is <0.5 dB. Such power splitters have small dimensions and very low costs.