bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Response of Citronella Grass on Several NPKMg Fertlization Levels in Latosol Soil Type
Authors: Setiawan NFN , Gusmaini NFN , Nurhayati Hera 
Published: July 2019

<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="456"><p><em>Citronella grass (</em>Cymbopogon nardus var genuinus<em> L) is an essential oil-producing plant known as "Citronella Oil of Java". Oil is </em><em>resulted</em><em> from leaf distillation. The fertilization of N, P, K and Mg was expected to enhance herb productivity and oil yield of citronella grass. The research was conducted at Cicurug Experimental Garden, Sukabumi from August 2016 - February 2017. The objective of this research was to determine the proper dosage of NPKMg fertilizer on citronella grass in Latosol</em><em> soil type</em><em>. The study was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with 6 fertilization treatments and 4 replications. Fertilizer treatments were (1) without fertilizer (control), (2) NPKMg (12:12:17:2): (2) at the dosage of 141 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>,(3) 281 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>, (4) 421 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>, (5) 526 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>, and (6) Urea 150 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>, SP-36 50 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> and KCl 125 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> (as comparison). The NPKMg fertilization on citronella grass enhanced plant growth and increased the productivity of biomass and oil yield. The application of NPKMg fertilization (12:12:17:2) 141 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> produced 23 tons of herbs, increased by 30.8 % compared to NPK fertilization without Mg. The dosage of NPKMg fertilizer (12-12-17-2) at 281 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> indicated the best growth and the highest herb production (24 ton.ha<sup>-1</sup></em><em>),</em><em> increased by 39 %, while the highest oil content (1.4 %) was shown by 421 kg.ha<sup>-1 </sup>NPKMg (12-12-17-2) <em>treatment, although the oil yield was insignificant compared to 281 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>. Thus, the dosage of 281 kg.ha<sup>-1 </sup>NPKMg (12:12:17:2) can be recommended for citronella <ins cite="mailto:ASUS" datetime="2019-06-17T09:10"> grass</ins> cultivated at Latosol<ins cite="mailto:ASUS" datetime="2019-06-17T09:10"> soil type</ins></em></em></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
Charge Contrast Imaging (CCI): Revealing Enhanced Diagenetic Features of A Coquina Limestone
Authors: Buckman James O. , Corbett Patrick W.M. , Mitchell Lauren 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Charge Contrast Imaging (CCI) is a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope (LV-SEM) technique that can be induced through partial surface charge suppression of uncoated nonconductive samples, imaged with a suitable detector such as a gaseous secondary electron detector (GSED). The technique commonly produces results similar in style to that of SEM-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL), providing information on zoning, twinning, annealed fractures, and subtle chemical changes. The current work outlines an example from a Brazilian Lower Cretaceous coquina limestone, in which both optical and SEM-CL imaging produces a limited response from much of the sample. Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging typically suggests only a hint of the cement present, whereas CCI clearly displays a rich and varied cement stratigraphy. The earliest cement displays strong CCI, but appears mainly dark under CL imaging conditions (SEM-CL and optical CL). Later-stage manganese-“enriched” carbonate cement displays luminescence with both optical and SEM-CL, as well as a CCI response. Therefore CCI can provide additional information on cement zonation in an area where CL cannot.
Crinoid Anchoring Strategies for Soft-Bottom Dwelling
Authors: SEILACHER ADOLF , MACCLINTOCK COPELAND 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDuring the geologic history of crinoids, many groups have modified their distal stems to function as anchors in soft sediments, but more so in the Paleozoic than in later times. Major strategies were passively implanting anchors, cirral root systems, coils, and stemless reclining. In Paleozoic roots, the stereom usually consists of crystallographically individualized ossicles, but articulations may be hidden by a tough cuticle that protected the living tissue of immersed parts and stiffened them with cortical stereom. Post-Paleozoic representatives produced similar anchoring structures by different fabricational pathways, including non-articulated root systems.
Non-Predatory Shell Damage in Neogene Western Atlantic Deep-Burrowing Bivalves
Authors: ALEXANDER RICHARD R. , DIETL GREGORY P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFew shell-crushing predators can excavate prey living deep within the sediment. Despite this infaunal refuge from predators, many deep-burrowing bivalves display a strikingly high incidence of shell damage when compared with species living at shallower depths. A non-predatory origin is necessary to explain this high incidence of injury. To evaluate the generality of this hypothesis, repair frequency (number of repairs per shell), along with position and geometry, were determined for 68 Neogene bivalve species from the US Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, seven of which are classified as deep burrowers (>20 cm depth of sediment penetration). Panopea bitruncata, Panopea floridana, Panopea reflexa, and Panopea americana, which are among the deepest burrowers (up to 100 cm), have repair frequencies (2.8– 6.2) that are higher than any other species, while the value for Cyrtopleura costata (0.76) is exceeded only by semi-infaunal Atrina species (1.12). However, not all deep-burrowing species had such high incidences of damage. Two moderately deep-burrowing species (Anodontia alba and Tagelus plebeius; 20–50 cm) showed repair frequencies (0.04–0.30) that overlapped the range (0.001–0.52) for shallow-burrowing, semi-infaunal, and epifaunal species. Therefore, any generalizations about the relationship between depth of sediment penetrated and frequency of shell damage are inadvisable. Most scars on deep burrowers were not attributable to the direct activity of shell-crushing predators because: (1) injury occurred late in life when individuals were positioned in the safety of a deep burrow; (2) scar types consistent with a predatory origin were rare; and (3) scars frequently occurred on the anterior of the shell, which is least accessible to digging predators.
Organic facies in Devonian and Mississippian strata of Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: relation to kerogen type, paleoenvironment, and paleogeography
Authors: Stasiuk L.D. , Fowler M.G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Petrographic analyses of dispersed organic matter (including macerals and palynomorphs), siliceous and calcareous microfossil assemblages and microtextures (e.g. stromatolitic) have been used to define and interpret five organic facies and regionally map their distribution for the following informal groupings of potential hydrocarbon source rocks in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: Upper Devonian Woodbend group, Upper Devonian Winterburn group and Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian black shales of the Exshaw and Bakken formations. Five petrographic organic facies (A–E) are defined for the potential source rocks based on assemblages of alginites, acritarchs, sporinites, siliceous microfossils and algal mat microtextures. Organic facies A, B (prasinophyte alginites and acritarchs) and C (coccoidal alginite), represent accumulation in relatively deep (basin), intermediate (shelf-platform), and shallow water depths (bank-reef margin to lagoonal). Organic facies D is defined by siliceous microfossils (e.g. Radiolaria) and accumulated in deep basinal to outer shelf settings immediately east of an ancient Pacific Ocean, or south of an ancient Arctic Ocean. This facies may reflect regions of upwelling which extended into intracratonic and epicontinental settings. Organic facies E, characterized by stromatolitic microtextures with or without coccoidal alginite, only occur within Upper Devonian Winterburn Group shallow water, restricted shelf to lagoonal dolostones associated with evaporites. As a whole, the regional distribution of organic facies is related to paleogeography, paleobathymetry or paleostructure in the source rocks. Surprisingly, petrographic organic facies do not show strong positive correlation with kerogen type as defined by Hydrogen-Oxygen indices or TOC-S2 plots.
Using Gis-based Spatial Analysis To Determine Factors Influencing the Formation of Sinkholes in Greene County, Missouri
Authors: Kidanu Shishay T. , Anderson Neil L. , Rogers J. David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sinkholes are inherent features of the karst terrain of Greene County, Missouri, that present hazards and engineering challenges to construction/infrastructure development. Analysis of relationships between the spatial distribution of sinkholes and possible influencing factors can help in understanding the controls involved in the formation of sinkholes. The spatial analysis outlined herein can aid in the assessment of potential sinkhole hazards. In this research, Geographic Information System–based ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods were used to determine and evaluate principal factors appearing to influence the formation and distribution of karst sinkholes. From the OLS result, seven out of 12 possible influencing factors were found to exert significant control on sinkhole formation processes in the study area. These factors are overburden thickness, depth to groundwater, slope of the ground surface, distance to the nearest surface drainage line, distance to the nearest geological structure (such as faults or folds), distance to the nearest road, and distance to the nearest spring. These factors were then used as independent variables in the GWR model. The GWR model examined the spatial non-stationarity among the various factors and demonstrated better performance over OLS. GWR model coefficient estimates for each variable were mapped. These maps provide spatial insights into the influence of the variables on sinkhole densities throughout the study area. GWR spatial analysis appears to be an effective approach to understand sinkhole-influencing factors. The results could be useful to provide an objective means of parameter weighting in models of sinkhole susceptibility or hazard mapping.
Environmental Availability of Potentially Toxic Elements in an Agricultural Mediterranean Site
Authors: Alexakis Dimitrios , Gamvroula Dimitra , Theofili Eleni 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Total contents of 36 potentially toxic elements are summarized for agricultural topsoil (n = 12; soil depth = 0–20 cm), subsoil (n = 12; soil depth = 20–40 cm), and representative rock samples collected from a Mediterranean site (Megara Plain, Greece). The five-stage sequential extraction procedure for the geochemical partitioning of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), proposed by Tessier, was applied to topsoil and subsoil collected from the study area. Soil Cd was highly associated with exchangeable fraction, illustrating high bioavailability of this element. The order of mobility of the elements was as follows: Cd > Cu > Co > Zn > Ni > Cr > Mn. Results from sequential extraction experiments illustrated that the bioavailability of Cu, Co, and Zn is moderate, while Ni, Cr, and Mn presented low bioavailability, indicating that these elements could pose a limited threat to the quality of crops. Cadmium is the chief contamination controlling factor posing moderate potential ecological risk. The contamination sources of the examined elements are discussed.
An Update on the Geology of the Lupin Gold Mine, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: GEUSEBROEK P.A. , DUKE N.A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Lupin mine, located in the central Slave province just east of the western boundary of Nunavut Territory, is a world-class example of a Neoarchean-aged banded iron formation (BIF)-hosted lode-gold deposit. At the minesite the gold-mineralized Lupin BIF, separating stratigraphically underlying psammitic wacke and overlying argillaceous turbidite sequences, delineates the Lupin dome, a hammerhead-shaped F2/F3 interference fold structure occurring at the greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphic transition within the thermal aureole of the Contwoyto batholith. Detailed paragenetic relationships indicate that peak thermal metamorphism coincided with the switch from regional D2 compression to rapid D3 unroofing of the Neoarchean orogenic infrastructure. Gold initially precipitated with pyrrhotite, replacing amphibolitic BIF at the apex of the Lupin deformation zone, separating the east and west lobes of the Contwoyto batholith. Over the course of associated prograde/retrograde metasomatic overprints, gold was further remobilized during garnet and loellingite/arsenopyrite growth in chlorite-altered selvages of late-forming ladder quartz veins. A metamorphic model of ore genesis, with gold being scavenged and transported by metamorphic fluid that was shed and structurally trapped at the amphibolite recrystallization front, is favored over the previously proposed syngenetic and exogenic models of gold concentration that have tended to polarize genetic interpretations to date.
WITHDRAWN: Endodontic Therapy at Different Stages in the Treatment of Avulsed Teeth: a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: shengming wang , Li Fangfang , Luo Zhiqing , Hu Xiaoqing , Shao Peng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective

To evaluated the outcomes of the teeth avulsed from alveolar bone in accidents for a 1 year follow up when endodontic root canal therapy was performed at different time points.

Materials and Methods

According to the inclusion criteria, 109 patients diagnosed with teeth avulsion due to accidents were enrolled at base-line and 103 patients finally completed follow-up in this trial. 115 teeth were firstly assigned to two groups according to storage condition. Then they were randomly assigned to one of two groups respectively. The teeth were treated with root canal therapy at different stages. All of patients were recalled at baseline, in the first, third month, sixth month and first year (end of follow-up) for clinical and radiological evaluation.

Results

103 patients finally completed follow-up in this trial. As for periodontal healing, cases with before-replantation treatment were significantly more than post-replantation treatment in dry storage. On the contrary, more periodontal healing cases were obtained in ideal storage. In the first year after treatment, there was no difference of success rate between G21 and G22 (P < 0.05). Significant difference was found between G11 and G12 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In clinical practice, root canal therapy should be performed prior to replantation in dry storage condition for more than 60 minutes. In contrast, if not, root canal therapy could be postponed.
Detection of Renal Hypoxia Configuration in Patients with Lupus Nephritis: A Primary Study Using Blood Oxygen Level‒Dependent MR Imaging
Authors: Zheng Zhengfeng , Wang Yanyan , Yan Tiekun , Jia Junya , Li Dong , Wei Li , Shang Wenya , shi huilan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Renal microstructure and function are closely associated with homeostasis of oxygenation. Analyzing renal blood oxygen level‒dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination results will provide information on the biological status of the kidneys. The current study was performed to explore the hypoxia mode of the entire renal parenchyma in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods

Twenty-three adult patients with LN and eighteen healthy volunteers were recruited. R2* values were acquired through the use of the BOLD MRI analysis technique. The narrow rectangular region of interest was used to explore the hypoxia configuration in entire depths of renal parenchyma. Acquired sequential R2* data were fitted by using four categories of mathematic functions. The tendency of R2* data in both patients with LN and healthy volunteers was also compared through the use of repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

R2* data from the superficial cortex to deep medulla displayed two patterns, called a sharp uptrend style and a flat uptrend style. After sequential R2* data were fitted individually with the use of four mathematic formulas, the multiple-compartment Gaussian function showed the highest goodness of fit. Compared with two categories of R2* value styles, the R2* tendency of entire parenchyma in patients with LN was different from that in healthy volunteers.

Conclusions

Deep renal medullary oxygenation was not always overtly lower than oxygenation in superficial renal cortical zone. Renal parenchyma oxygenation manifestation could be described through the use of a Gaussian function model. The deoxygenation tolerance capability was damaged in patients with LN.
Hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 in childhood cancer patients and tumor cell lines
Authors: Galetzka Danuta , Böck Julia , Dittrich Marcus , Schmitt Iris , Sinizyn Olesja , Ludwig Marco , Rossmann Heidi , Spix Claudia , Scholz-Kreisel Peter , Mirsch Johanna , Linke Matthias , Prawitt Dirk , Marron Manuela , Poplawski Alicia , Haaf Thomas , Schmidberger Heinz 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Most childhood cancers occur sporadically and cannot be explained by an inherited mutation or unhealthy lifestyle. The prenatal origins hypothesis postulates a role for (epi)genetic mutations which occur stochastically in rapidly dividing cells. This study aims to investigate the impact of adverse methylation in tumor relevant genes in former childhood cancer patients which may be associated with an enhanced risk to develop primary secondary cancers
Methods
We performed an epimutation screen of several candidate genes (APC, CDKN2A, EFNA5, RAD9A, and TP53), in skin fibroblasts of 20 patients with a primary cancer in childhood and subsequent second primary cancer (2N), 20 matched patients with only one primary cancer in childhood (1N), 20 cancer free controls (0N) and unrelated leukemia cancer samples, using bisulfite pyrosequencing and deep bisulfite sequencing. radiation, colony formation assays, cell proliferation, PCR and molecular karyotype SNP-array, experiments were performed to further characterize RAD9A hypermethylation in fibroblasts and FaDu sub clones. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, the linear mixed-effects model was fit using REML and R-scripts.
Results
Four 1N patients and one 2N patient displayed elevated (10%) mean methylation levels of RAD9A intron 2. Deep bisulfite sequencing of RAD9A in these patients revealed 2% allele methylation errors (defined as alleles with >60% methylated CpGs). We found RAD9A hypermethylation in bone marrow of patients with pre-ALL (pre-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia), AML (acute myloid leukaemia), and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), and in EBV-(Epstein Barr virus) transformed lymphoblastoid cells. RAD9A methylation in fibroblasts or tumor cells (FaDu) was not affected by in vitro aging, or DNA damage induced by radiation or the chemotherapeutical daunorubicin. Molecular karyotyping of FaDu sub clones revealed a homozygous inactivation of CHD2, SPATA8 and SMARCA1, in clones with hypermethylation in RAD9A.
Conclusion
We propose that constitutive RAD9A epimutations may have arisen early in development, predisposing the compromised cells to tumorigenesis and increased childhood cancer risk. Analyses of tumor cell clones with high methylation levels of RAD9A suggest a connection between methylation levels of the RAD9A intron 2 locus and a homozygous inactivation of important genes
Downregulated miR-495-3p in colorectal cancer targets TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4 and BUB1 genes and induces cell cycle arrest
Authors: Soltani Bahram , Kabiri Farnoush , Medlej Abdallah , Saleh Ali Jason , Aghdami Nasser 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
• Background:

Hsa-miR-495 (miR-495) has been extensively investigated in cancer initiation and progression. On the other hand, our bioinformatics analysis suggested that miR-495 exert its effects through targeting of TGFβ signaling components.

• Methods & Results:

In order to investigate such effect, miR-495 precursor was overexpressed in HEK293T and HCT116 cells, that it was followed by downregulation of TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4 and BUB1 putative target genes, detected by RT-qPCR. Also, luciferase assay supported direct interaction of miR-495 with 3’UTR sequences of TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4 and BUB1 genes. Furthermore, a negative correlation of expression between miR-495-3p and these target genes was deduced in a set of colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. Then, flow cytometry analysis showed that the overexpression of miR-495 in HCT116 and HEK293T resulted in an arrest at the G1 phase. Consistently, western blotting analysis showed a significant reduction of the Cyclin D1 protein in the cells overexpressing miR-495, pointing to downregulation of TGFβ signaling pathway and cell cycle arrest. Finally, microarray data analysis showed that miR-495-3p is significantly downregulated in colorectal tumors, compared to the normal pairs.

• Conclusions:

Overall, results of current study introduced miR-495-3p as a cell cycle progression suppressor, which negatively regulates TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4 and BUB1 genes. This finding suggests miR-495-3p as a tumor suppressor candidate for further evaluation.
miR-145 plays a role in mitochondria dysfunction in alveolar epithelial cells in LPS-induced ARDS
Authors: Han Yi , Mu Sucheng , Wang Jianli , Wei Wei , Zhu Ming , Song Zhenju , Tong Chaoyang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Backgrounds:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes substantial mortality worldwide. Alveolar epithelium is one of the main sites of cell injury in ARDS. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that are recognized as endogenous physiological regulators of gene expression. As an important miRNA, miR-145 has been studied in various diseases, while its role in ARDS remains not investigated.
Methods:
Intratracheal instillation of LPS was used to establish ARDS model. Cytokines from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung wet/dry ratio as well as the pathological structures using H&E staining and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was evaluated; lung miR-145 mRNA expression was detected using qPCR. And further bioinformatics was focused on the target genes and possible pathways of the gene regulation.
Results:
A rat model of LPS-induced ARDS was well established by intratracheal instillation of LPS. miR-145 was down-regulated in LPS-induced ARDS lung, and mitochondria dysfunction was observed in alveolar epithelial cells in ARDS lung, most obviously at 72h after LPS. TargetScan and MirDB were used to predict the target genes of miR-145, a total of 428 overlapping genes were identified, among which, 7 genes were associated with mitochondria function. The KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway and RAS signaling pathway, and the GO biological process terms were mainly enriched in gene binding, signal transduction, and regulation of transcription.
Conclusions:
The current work provided evidence between miR-145 and LPS-induced ARDS. Clearly, miR-145 was down-regulated in LPS induced lung injury, and resultant had impact on its downstream genes targeting mitochondria functions through MAPK and RAS signaling pathway.