bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous leaf extract of Clinacanthus nutans improved metabolic indices and sorbitol‐related complications in type II diabetic rats (T2D)
Authors: Umar Imam Mustapha , Ismail Maznah , George Annie , Chinnappan Sasikala M. , Yusof Ashril 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau (C. nutans) has been reported to lower blood glucose level; however, evidence on its efficacy in lowering diabetic complications is limited. The antidiabetic properties of C. nutans aqueous leaf extract on serum metabolic indices, sorbitol production, and aldose reductase enzyme activities in the kidneys, lens, and sciatic nerve of type II diabetic (T2D) rats were evaluated. All rats except normal control rats were fed with a high‐fat diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity and subsequently injected with 35 mg/kg streptozotocin to induce type II diabetes. Aqueous leaf extract of C. nutans (100 and 200 mg kg−1 day−1) and quercetin (10 mg kg−1 day−1) were fed orally for 4 weeks. Diabetic rats administered with C. nutans at 100, 200 mg kg−1 day−1 and quercetin had significantly (p < 0.05) lower fasting blood glucose levels post‐intervention: 14.2, 14.0, and 19.9 mm, respectively, compared with the untreated group (22.1 mm). Total cholesterol was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the C. nutans groups in comparison with the diabetic control group. Levels of F2‐isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, were attenuated in the presence of the extract. Aldose reductase enzyme activity increased by 64, 99, and 0% and total antioxidant activities by 22, 29, and 126%, respectively. Sorbitol levels in the kidney, lens, and nerve were reduced in diabetic rats administered with C. nutans and quercetin group (by 8, 16, and 3%, respectively). The protective effect of the extract to the liver and kidney was confirmed through liver and kidney enzyme markers and histological analyses. The C. nutans has the potential to attenuate T2D‐induced metabolic perturbations and complications related to sorbitol accumulation.
The mafic–ultramafic complex of Salem, southern India: An analogue for Neoproterozoic Alaskan‐type complex
Authors: Yellappa Thoti , Santosh M. , Manju S. 
Published: March 2019

The Salem Mafic–Ultramafic Complex occurs within the northern part of Cauvery Suture Zone (CSZ), Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT), India. The complex occurs as semicircular to elongated linear body with a thick mantle section and comparatively well‐developed crustal section comprising different lithological units, also referred to as the Chalk Hills of Salem. The major rock types in the complex comprise ultramafic cumulates of dunite, peridotite, wherlite, pyroxenite, and hornblendite, mafic and felsic intrusions of gabbros and amphibolites, and quartzo–feldspathic alkaline rocks together with several ultrapotassic dykes. Geochemical studies of amphibolites from this complex indicate tholeiitic parent magma with enrichment of LIL elements (Rb, Ba, Th, and Sr) and are relatively more enriched than N‐MORB as compared with arc‐related rocks. The enrichment of LIL elements over the HFS elements and with distinct Nb, Ta, and Ti depletion relative to other HFS elements suggest the involvement of subduction‐related components in the depleted mantle source and that the magmatism occurred in an oceanic convergent realm. The mineral chemistry of dunite and peridotite shows high content of forsterite (86.9–92.2) in olivine and high Cr# value (80.85–98.73) for spinel. The tectonic discrimination plots of spinel and olivine mineral chemistry together with clinopyroxene chemistry of amphibolites reveal arc signature typical of Alaskan type of complex. The U–Pb zircon analysis of quartz monzonite intrusion within the hornblendite from the complex yielded a weighted mean age of 819 ± 2.4 Ma, suggesting that the complex formed during the Neoproterozoic and can be correlated to the Alaskan‐type complexes described from the Arabian–Nubian Shield.
Non‐Planar and Flexible Hole‐Transporting Materials from Bis‐Xanthene and Bis‐Thioxanthene Units for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Urieta‐Mora Javier , García‐Benito Inés , Zimmermann Iwan , Aragó Juan , García‐Fernández Pedro D. , Grancini Giulia , Molina‐Ontoria Agustín , Ortí Enrique , Martín Nazario , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo new hole‐transporting materials (HTMs), BX‐OMeTAD and BTX‐OMeTAD, based on xanthene and thioxanthene units, respectively, and bearing p‐methoxydiphenylamine peripheral groups, are presented for their use in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The novelty of the newly designed molecules relies on the use of a single carbon‐carbon bond ‘C−C’ as a linker between the two functionalized heterocycles, which increases the flexibility of the molecule compared with the more rigid structure of the widely used HTM spiro‐OMeTAD. The new HTMs display a limited absorbance in the visible region, due to the lack of conjugation between the two molecular halves, and the chemical design used has a remarkably impact on the thermal properties when compared to spiro‐OMeTAD. BX‐OMeTAD and BTX‐OMeTAD have been tested in ([(FAPbI3)0.87(MAPbBr3)0.13]0.92[CsPbI3]0.08)‐based PSC devices exhibiting power conversion efficiencies of 14.19 and 16.55 %, respectively. The efficiencies reached, although lower than those measured for spiro‐OMeTAD (19.63 %), are good enough to consider the chemical strategy used as an interesting via to design HTMs for PSCs.
Throughfall partitioning by trees
Authors: Levia Delphis F. , Nanko Kazuki , Amasaki Hiromasa , Giambelluca Thomas W. , Hotta Norifumi , Iida Shin'ichi , Mudd Ryan G. , Nullet Michael A. , Sakai Naoki , Shinohara Yoshinori , Sun Xinchao , Suzuki Masakazu , Tanaka Nobuaki , Tantasirin Chatchai , Yamada Kozo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough we know that rainfall interception (the rain caught, stored, and evaporated from aboveground vegetative surfaces and ground litter) is affected by rain and throughfall drop size, what was unknown until now is the relative proportion of each throughfall type (free throughfall, splash throughfall, canopy drip) beneath coniferous and broadleaved trees. Based on a multinational data set of >120 million throughfall drops, we found that the type, number, and volume of throughfall drops are different between coniferous and broadleaved tree species, leaf states, and timing within rain events. Compared with leafed broadleaved trees, conifers had a lower percentage of canopy drip (51% vs. 69% with respect to total throughfall volume) and slightly smaller diameter splash throughfall and canopy drip. Canopy drip from leafless broadleaved trees consisted of fewer and smaller diameter drops (D50_DR, 50th cumulative drop volume percentile for canopy drip, of 2.24 mm) than leafed broadleaved trees (D50_DR of 4.32 mm). Canopy drip was much larger in diameter under woody drip points (D50_DR of 5.92 mm) than leafed broadleaved trees. Based on throughfall volume, the percentage of canopy drip was significantly different between conifers, leafed broadleaved trees, leafless broadleaved trees, and woody surface drip points (p ranged from <0.001 to 0.005). These findings are partly attributable to differences in canopy structure and plant surface characteristics between plant functional types and canopy state (leaf, leafless), among other factors. Hence, our results demonstrating the importance of drop‐size‐dependent partitioning between coniferous and broadleaved tree species could be useful to those requiring more detailed information on throughfall fluxes to the forest floor.
Case–contrast study about parent–infant interaction in a Brazilian sample of siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Garcia Durand Julia , Batista Geraldini Stephania A. R. , Perez Paschoal Ligia , Cangueiro Larissa , Tamarozzi Mamede Denise , Scandiuzzi de Brito Tayná , Vaz Marques Monique , David Vinicius , Lerner Rogério 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTSiblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present greater susceptibility to developmental problems, in comparison with siblings of typically developing children. The greater prevalence of mental health disorders among parents of children with ASD increases younger siblings’ vulnerability to emotional problems. The aim of this study is to compare the interaction between carers and babies aged 2 to 26 months (M = 11.7, SD = 6.9) who are siblings of children with ASD (ASD dyads) with the interaction of dyads of siblings of typically developing children (TD dyads). The protocol of Clinical Indicators of Risk for Child Development and the Coding Interactive Behaviour measures were used to evaluate interaction. ASD dyads presented higher scores of constriction in their interaction, P = .024, with babies presenting higher scores of withdrawal behavior, P = .003, and carers presenting higher scores of depressive mood, P = .008, when compared to TD dyads. The ASD dyads have interactive impairments more frequently than do the TD dyads.
Overexpression of Axl reverses endothelial cells dysfunction in high glucose and hypoxia
Authors: Pei‐Yuan Zuo , Yu‐Wei Liu , Xiang‐Nan Zha , Song Tong , Rong Zhang , Xiao‐Xiao He , Sheng‐Shuai Shan , Kun Wang , Cheng‐Yun Liu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is involved in diabetic vascular disease. This study aims to investigate the effect of high glucose on endothelial cells injury and Axl expression in hypoxia condition in vitro, and we present details of the mechanism associated with overexpression of Axl rescue the high glucose injury. Our results showed that high glucose impaired both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and EAhy926 cells angiogenesis in hypoxia condition. In addition, high glucose inhibits Axl and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐α (HIF‐1α) protein expression in hypoxia condition. Axl overexpression significantly reversed endothelial cells dysfunction in high glucose/hypoxia. Furthermore, Axl overexpression in EAhy926 cells increases HIF‐1α protein synthesis through PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70
S6K signal pathway but not Mek/Erk in high glucose/hypoxia condition. This study demonstrates that high glucose can alter Axl signaling and HIF‐1α in hypoxia condition. Overexpression of Axl may rescue endothelial cells dysfunction and HIF‐1α expression through its downstream signals in high glucose/hypoxia.
Prognostic significance of X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Shimeng , Pan Baoxiang , Li Lihong , Shi Bo , Xie Feng , He Chengyan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractX‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is aberrantly expressed in solid tumors. Considering conflicting data, we conducted this meta‐analysis to investigate its prognostic role. Electronic databases were searched to collect studies about associations between XIAP expressions and survival outcomes. Hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized as effect size estimates. A total of 3,794 patients from 21 published studies were included. The results revealed that high XIAP expressions correlated with age (OR = 2.02; 95% CI, 1.07–3.84), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.02–2.77), histological grade (OR = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.01–4.11), and tumor stage (OR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.20–3.96). The combined HR revealed that high XIAP expressions associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.22–2.10). Our study suggested high XIAP expressions may be indicative of poor prognosis in solid tumors.
Prognostic comparison of the longitudinal margin status in distal bile duct cancer: R0 on first bile duct resection versus R0 after additional resection
Authors: Park Yejong , Hwang Dae Wook , Kim Jin Hee , Hong Seung‐Mo , Jun Sun‐Young , Lee Jae Hoon , Song Ki Byung , Jun Eun Sung , Kim Song Cheol , Park Kwang‐Min 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated survival differences following intra‐operative frozen‐section examination of bile duct resection margins and final longitudinal margin status (LMS) in distal bile duct cancer (BDC).MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐three patients underwent Whipple's operation for curative resection of distal BDC from 2008 to 2016. Patients were sorted into two and three groups according to LMS of the frozen‐sections and the final pathological specimen results: R0 on first bile duct resection (primary R0), R0 after additional resection (secondary R0), and no evidence of residual carcinoma (FR0), carcinoma in situ or high‐grade dysplasia (FR1‐CIS/HGD), or invasive carcinoma (FR1‐INV). Survival and prognostic factors according to LMS were analyzed.ResultsThe final R0 ratio increased from 82.3% to 90.1% through additional resection. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) of primary and secondary R0 were 60.8%, 46.1% (P = 0.969). And disease‐free survival of primary and secondary R0 were 54.6%, 54.9% (P = 0.903). The 5‐year OS after FR0, FR1‐CIS/HGD, FR1‐INV were 59.3%, 59.5%, 14.3% (P = 0.842). LMS of the bile duct was an independent prognostic factor by multivariable analyses.ConclusionsIf R0 of final LMS was achieved, it would help to improve survival regardless of R0 through additional resection. And, it should be avoided remaining invasive cancer at the longitudinal margin whenever possible.
Proton MR spectroscopy in the breast: Technical innovations and clinical applications
Authors: Fardanesh Reza , Marino Maria Adele , Avendano Daly , Leithner Doris , Pinker Katja , Thakur Sunitha B. 
Published: March 2019

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a promising noninvasive diagnostic technique for investigation of breast cancer metabolism. Spectroscopic imaging data may be obtained following contrast‐enhanced MRI by applying the point‐resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) or the stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence from the MR voxel encompassing the breast lesion. Total choline signal (tCho) measured in vivo using either a qualitative or quantitative approach has been used as a diagnostic test in the workup of malignant breast lesions. In addition to tCho metabolites, other relevant metabolites, including multiple lipids, can be detected and monitored. MRS has been heavily investigated as an adjunct to morphologic and dynamic MRI to improve diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer, obviating unnecessary benign biopsies. Besides its use in the staging of breast cancer, other promising applications have been recently investigated, including the assessment of treatment response and therapy monitoring. This review provides guidance on spectroscopic acquisition and quantification methods and highlights current and evolving clinical applications of proton MRS.Level of Evidence 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Influence of fruit canopy position and maturity on yield determinants and chemical composition of virgin olive oil
Authors: Grilo Filipa , Caruso Tiziano , Wang Selina C 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhile both maturity and light exposure are important factors determining olive fruit physiology, the relationship between maturity, canopy position and optimal harvesting time has not been well‐studied. To understand the interaction of these factors, olive fruits from upper and lower layers of the canopy were harvested from September to January. Maturity, moisture and fat content of the fruit as well as the quality and minor components of the oil extracted were measured.RESULTSLower light interception at the lower canopy positions resulted in differences in the fruits and oil extracted between canopy layers. Upper layer presented 60% of the overall production; fruit had one unit more of maturity index, 3% less moisture and 5% more fat content. Oil extracted from the upper layers presented higher concentration of oleuropein and ligstroside aglycone. Fruits from upper layers at maturity index of two had higher fat content and more total phenols in the oil extracted when compared with fruits from lower layer with the same maturity index.CONCLUSIONSDifferences in oil composition between layers do not correlate with differences in the fruit maturity index; instead, fruit position is a determining factor for physiological processes related to fruit growth and oil composition. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Dealing with insufficient liver remnant: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy
Authors: Linecker Michael , Kuemmerli Christoph , Clavien Pierre‐Alain , Petrowsky Henrik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLiver resection for colorectal liver metastases has emerged to highly successful treatment in the last decades. Key to this success is complete hepatic tumor removal and systemic disease control by chemotherapy. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy is the most recent two‐stage resection strategy for patients with very small future liver remnant making complete tumor removal possible within 1 to 2 weeks. Oncological outcome data are being collected at the moment and first results from small series reveal promising results.
Effectiveness of olfactory training on different severities of posttraumatic loss of smell
Authors: Pellegrino Robert , Han Pengfei , Reither Nicole , Hummel Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Objective/HypothesisA common, lasting condition from traumatic brain injury is impairment to smell. In patients with olfactory impairment, recent meta‐analyses have demonstrated that olfactory training consistently improves higher‐order functions, such as odor identification. The focus of this work was to assess effects of olfactory training (OT) in posttraumatic olfactory loss patients through several metrics including psychophysical, olfactory bulb (OB) volume, and functional magnetic resonance imaging.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsSniffin’ Sticks were used to classify two patient groups (anosmic [N = 23] and hyposmic [N = 14]) and measure changes after OT. Additionally patients were asked the intensity, valence, and uncued identification of odors presented (coffee and peach) within the magnetic resonance imaging scanner before and after olfactory training. Olfactory training was performed twice daily with a four‐odor training set for 24 weeks, and sets were replaced halfway through the entire training session (~12 weeks).ResultsPatients had an increase in test scores (threshold and identification) and in‐scanner intensity ratings and identification. Anosmic patients showed improved olfactory thresholds to 2‐phenylethanol, increased intensity ratings, and activation in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) to odors after OT. Hyposmic patients were able to identify odors better after training. This behavior was mirrored with increased, ipsilateral activations in semantic processing areas such as Broca's area, left angular gyrus, and left SFG.ConclusionsTaken together, along with neither patient group showing changes in OB volumes, OT improves olfactory performance in patients with posttraumatic olfactory loss and seems to be driven, at least in part, by top‐down processes (central) rather than bottom‐up (peripheral).Levels of Evidence2Laryngoscope, 129:1737–1743, 2019
A metabolic database for biomedical studies of biopsy specimens by high‐resolution magic angle spinning nuclear MR: a qualitative and quantitative tool
Authors: Ruhland Elisa , Bund Caroline , Outilaft Hassiba , Piotto Martial , Namer Izzie‐Jacques 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe aim of this study is to generate a metabolic database for biomedical studies of biopsy specimens by high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) nuclear MR (NMR).MethodsSeventy‐six metabolites, classically found in human biopsy samples, were prepared in aqueous solution at a known concentration and analyzed by HRMAS NMR. The spectra were recorded under the same conditions as the ones used for the analysis of biopsy specimens routinely performed in our hospital.ResultsFor each metabolite, a complete set of NMR spectra (1D 1H, 1D 1H‐CPMG, 2D J‐Resolved, 2D TOCSY, and 2D 1H‐13C HSQC) was recorded at 500 MHz and 277 K. All spectra were manually assigned using the information contained in the different spectra and existing databases. Experiments to measure the T1 and the T2 of the different protons present in the 76 metabolites were also recorded.ConclusionThis new HRMAS metabolic database is a useful tool for all scientists working on human biopsy specimens, particularly in the field of oncology. It will make the identification of metabolites in biopsy specimens faster and more reliable. Additionally, the knowledge of the T1 and T2 values will allow to obtain a more accurate quantification of the metabolites present in biopsy specimens.
miR‐96 and autophagy are involved in the beneficial effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins against high‐fat‐diet‐induced dyslipidemia in mice
Authors: Shi Yawei , Jia Minghan , Xu Lixia , Fang Zeng , Wu Weibin , Zhang Qi , Chung Peter , Lin Ying , Wang Shenming , Zhang Yunjian 
Published: March 2019

We aimed to investigate the possible signaling pathways underlying the regulation of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts (GSPE) on lipid metabolism. One hundred male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: control group (normal diet), GSPE group (normal diet + GSPE), high‐fat diet group (HFD), and high‐fat diet plus GSPE (200 mg/kg/day) group (HFD + GSPE). Mice received the diets for 180 days. Body weight and serum lipid levels were measured. Autophagic flux characteristics, such as accumulation of lipids, mitochondria, and autophagosomes in the liver, were detected using transmission electron microscopy. Expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the liver was determined using RNA microarray and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRt‐PCR). GSPE significantly decreased the weight gain, serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol but increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the HFD mice. Autophagic flux was significantly increased by HFD but decreased by GSPE treatment. GSPE significantly attenuated HFD‐induced miR‐96 upregulation, which in turn reduced the expressions of miR‐96 downstream molecules, FOXO1, mTOR, p‐mTOR, and LC3A/B. These results suggested that the miR‐96 is involved in the protective effect of GSPE against HFD‐induced dyslipidemia. Possible mechanisms might be through mTOR and FOXO1, which facilitate autophagic flux for clearance of lipid accumulation.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for constraint satisfaction in switched systems using switch‐robust control invariant sets
Authors: Danielson Claus , Bridgeman Leila J. , Di Cairano Stefano 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper studies the control of constrained systems whose dynamics and constraints switch between a finite set of modes over time according to an exogenous input signal. We define a new type of control invariant sets for switched constrained systems, called switch–robust control invariant (switch‐RCI) sets, that are robust to unknown mode switching and exploit available information on minimum dwell‐time and admissible mode transitions. These switch‐RCI sets are used to derive novel necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a control‐law that guarantees constraint satisfaction in the presence of unknown mode switching with known minimum dwell‐time. The switch‐RCI sets are also used to design a recursively feasible model predictive controller (MPC) that enforces closed‐loop constraint satisfaction for switched constrained systems. We show that our controller is nonconservative in the sense that it enforces constraints on the largest possible domain, ie, constraints can be recursively satisfied if and only if our controller is feasible. The MPC and switch‐RCI sets are demonstrated on a vehicle lane‐changing case study.