bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic characterisation of Erv1, a key component for protein import and folding in yeast mitochondria
Authors: Tang Xiaofan , Ang Swee Kim , Ceh‐Pavia Efrain , Heyes Derren J. , Lu Hui 
Published: October 2019

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) essential for respiration and viability 1 (Erv1; EC number 1.8.3.2), a member of the flavin adenine dinucleotide‐dependent Erv1/ALR disulphide bond generating enzyme family, works together with Mia40 to catalyse protein import and oxidative folding in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Erv1/ALR functions either as an oxidase or cytochrome c reductase by passing electrons from a thiol substrate to molecular oxygen (O2) or cytochrome c, respectively. However, the substrate specificity for oxygen and cytochrome c is not fully understood. In this study, the oxidase and cytochrome c reductase kinetics of yeast Erv1 were investigated in detail, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, using stopped‐flow absorption spectroscopy and oxygen consumption analysis. Using DTT as an electron donor, our results show that cytochrome c is ~ 7‐ to 15‐fold more efficient than O2 as electron acceptors for yeast Erv1, and that O2 is a competitive inhibitor of Erv1 cytochrome c reductase activity. In addition, Mia40, the physiological thiol substrate of Erv1, was used as an electron donor for Erv1 in a detailed enzyme kinetic study. Different enzyme kinetic kcat and Km values were obtained with Mia40 compared to DTT, suggesting that Mia40 modulates Erv1 enzyme kinetics. Taken together, this study shows that Erv1 is a moderately active enzyme with the ability to use both O2 and cytochrome c as the electron acceptors, indicating that Erv1 contributes to mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. Our results also suggest that Mia40‐Erv1 system may involve in regulation of the redox state of glutathione in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.Erv1EC number 1.8.3.2.
Reproduction and recruitment of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon in the inner German Bight (North Sea): An interannual study and critical reappraisal
Authors: Hünerlage Kim , Siegel Volker , Saborowski Reinhard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe brown shrimp, Crangon crangon, is the most important target of the coastal crustacean fisheries in the German Bight. In order to evaluate the relation between the abundance of ovigerous females and larvae in spring and the recruitment success in autumn, we first analysed the seasonal appearance of ovigerous females and larvae from weekly samples throughout 2012. The spawning season in the German Bight extends over several months comprising multiple unsynchronized spawning events. The minimum shares of ovigerous females appeared in early autumn, and the highest shares in late winter bearing mostly early egg stages. We defined the putative start of the reproductive cycle for November when the frequency of ovigerous females started to increase. There was no distinct separation between winter and summer eggs, but a continuous transition between large eggs spawned in winter (the early spawning season) and batches of smaller eggs in spring and summer. Larval densities peaked in April/May. Consequently, regular annual larval surveys from 2013 to 2016 were scheduled for April/May and extended to six transects covering the inner German Bight. Ovigerous females were most abundant in shallow waters above the 20‐m isobaths, which also explained regional differences in abundance between the regions off North Frisia and East Frisia. No relation was obvious between the number of larvae in spring and recruited stock in autumn. Due to the short lifespan of C. crangon, the combination of various abiotic factors and predator presence seems to be the principal parameters controlling stock size.
Constraints on vertebrate range size predict extinction risk
Authors: Newsome Thomas M. , Wolf Christopher , Nimmo Dale G. , Kopf R. Keller , Ritchie Euan G. , Smith Felisa A. , Ripple William J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe only factor in the fossil record that consistently buffers against extinction risk is large geographical range. We ask whether extant vertebrate species with the smallest geographical range for their body size have a higher extinction risk, and thus whether the lower bound of the modern range–body size relationship could serve as an effective conservation prioritization tool.LocationGlobal in scope.Time periodModern.Major taxa studiedSix classes of vertebrates.MethodsWe compiled a database of geographical range, body size and extinction risk for six vertebrate classes (n = 26,076). We characterized the shape of the relationship between geographical range and body size for each class, using 90% and 10% quantile regression to describe the upper and lower bounds, respectively. We then evaluated the degree of extinction vulnerability of species at the lower bound of the regression using generalized linear mixed models. All analyses accounted for phylogenetic dependence between related species.ResultsThe relationships between species ranges and body sizes were generally positive at both the upper and the lower bounds, and segmented (nonlinear) relationships were common. Despite this variability, species near the lower boundary of the relationship were more often in higher extinction risk categories, and this remained true when the role of range size in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red Listing criteria was accounted for.Main conclusionsVariability in the upper and lower bounds of the range–body size relationship suggests that some classes of vertebrates exhibit combinations of ranges and body sizes that might not reflect historical patterns. Nonetheless, the range–body size relationship remains a reliable and useful predictor of extinction risk, more so than range size does alone. The range–body size relationship could therefore be used to track the trajectories of species towards or away from an extinction threshold and allow the tracking of how different human activities alter the range–body size relationship.
Inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment in older people with bacteremic urinary tract infection who reside in nursing homes: A multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Gómez Belda Ana B , De la Fuente Javier , Diez Luis F , Capdevila Josep A , Inglada Luis , Arca Alexandra , Romero José M , Serra‐Centelles Cristina , Domínguez‐Gil Marta , Artero Arturo 
Published: October 2019

AimThe aim of the study was to determine the rate of inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment in older nursing home residents with bacteremic urinary tract infection and its influence on prognosis.MethodsWe carried out a multicentric prospective observational study in five Spanish hospitals. Patients aged >65 years with pyelonephritis or urinary sepsis with bacteremia were included. Clinical characteristics, the percentage of inadequate empirical antibiotic treatment, length of hospital stay and mortality were evaluated.ResultsA total of 181 patients, 54.7% women, were included in the study, and 35.9% of the patients came from nursing homes. These patients had higher percentages of ultimately or rapidly fatal disease (92.3% vs 53.4%; P < 0.001), were older (83.15 ± 6.97 years vs 79.34 ± 7.25 years; P = 0.001) and had higher Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (28.38 ± 8.57 vs 19.83 ± 5.88). The percentage of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamases was higher in patients from nursing homes (30.6% vs 16.3%; P = 0.045), as was the percentage of inadequate empirical antibiotic treatment (40% vs 20.7%; P = 0.005). Length of hospital stay was longer (10.82 ± 3.62 days vs 9.04 ± 4.88 days; P < 0.001). However, 30‐day mortality was not related to nursing home by multivariate analysis (OR 1.905, 95% CI 0.563–6.446; P = 0.300).ConclusionsNursing home patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections had a higher rate of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing enterobacteriacea and inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment. Clinicians should consider these findings and avoid inappropriate antimicrobial agents for empirical treatment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1112–1117.
Biological and clinical significance of T helper 17 cell plasticity
Authors: Mazzoni Alessio , Maggi Laura , Liotta Francesco , Cosmi Lorenzo , Annunziato Francesco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMature T helper (Th) effector cells originate following antigen recognition by naive T precursors. The maturation process is accompanied by the acquisition of specific effector functions that distinguish at least three different T helper subsets: Th1, Th2 and Th17. In general, maturation of somatic cells is accompanied by terminal differentiation. However, accumulating evidence shows that effector T cells retain a certain degree of plasticity. This is especially true for Th17 cells, which have been shown to converge towards other phenotypes in response to specific microenvironmental pressure. In this review we will discuss the experimental evidence that supports the hypothesis of Th17 plasticity, with particular emphasis on the generation of Th17‐derived ‘non‐classic’ Th1 cells, and the molecular networks that control it. Moreover, we will consider why Th17 plasticity is important for host protection, but also why it can have pathogenic functions during chronic inflammation. Regarding the last point, we will discuss a possible role for biological drugs in the control of Th17 plasticity and disease course.
Genetic diversity of respiratory enteroviruses and rhinoviruses in febrile adults, Singapore, 2007‐2013
Authors: Linster Martin , Donato Celeste , Mah Marcus G. , Grau Miguel L. , Low Jenny G. , Ooi Eng Eong , Su Yvonne C.F. , Smith Gavin J.D. , Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo understand the genetic diversity and patterns of circulation of rhinoviruses (RV) and enteroviruses (EV) in Singapore, we retrospectively screened 2950 nasal swab samples collected from adults presenting to primary care services with signs of febrile illness in Singapore during 2007‐2013 using sequencing and phylogenetic methods. Through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, our results show the year‐round circulation of the three rhinovirus species, A, B, and C. A diverse set of RV/EV serotypes were detected in Singapore with a predominance of RV‐A in all years, whereas serotypes EV‐C A21 and EV‐D68 were only sporadically detected. This study highlights the previously unrecognized diversity and burden in the adult population in Singapore.
Experimental and computational study on sintering of ceramic coating layers with complex porous structures
Authors: Terasaka Sota , Matsubara Hideaki , Shirato Takashi , Kamitakahara Masanobu , Yokoi Taishi , Yamaguchi Norio , Kim Byung‐Nam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the sintering behavior of an yttria‐stabilized zirconia coating for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with a complicated porous structure via both experiment and simulation using the finite element method for samples with only a coating (free coating) and samples with coating on a substrate (constrained coating). Sintering and grain growth proceeded from the bottom of the coating, and the coating bent convex upward in the free coating. In the constrained coating, sintering and grain growth proceeded in a manner similar to the free coating; however, the degrees of sintering and grain growth were small. Furthermore, sintering and grain growth were delayed because of substrate constraints. As a simulation result, the free coating was bent in a manner similar to the experiment. The experimental results could be reproduced in terms of time dependency and temperature dependency. The decrease in the porosity of the constrained coating was delayed compared with that in the free coating because of substrate constraints. This simulation result was able to reproduce the experimental results. Thus, the sintering behavior for the complex porous structures of TBCs can be predicted by experimental research and simulation, which could aid in the development of a prediction technology for the delamination of coatings (TBC lifetime).
Effectiveness of an Avatar application for teaching heart attack recognition and response: A pragmatic randomized control trial
Authors: Tongpeth Jintana , Du Huiyun , Barry Tracey , Clark Robyn A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of an Avatar application for educating people with acute coronary syndrome (heart attack).BackgroundA lack of understanding of Acute Coronary Syndrome symptoms and appropriate responses often contribute to delay in seeking medical treatment.DesignA single‐centre, non‐blinded, pragmatic randomized controlled trial.MethodsSeventy Acute Coronary Syndrome patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (Avatar application) or usual care groups. Participants were followed up at 0, 1, and 6 months. Tobit Growth Curve Model was used to analyse the primary outcome—symptom knowledge; and the secondary outcomes—attitudes and beliefs. Heart attack action plan implementation and health care utilisation were analysed using Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsOf the 70 participants, 63% were male and the mean age of the participants was 64.7 (SD 11.7) years. Sixty‐six (94.2%) participants completed follow‐up. Between group differences on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) Response Index scores were statistically significant at 1‐month and 6‐month follow‐ups (p < .01). The intervention group had a significant improvement in symptom knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs over the 6‐month period (p < .001, p = .009, p < .001 respectively); and no significant improvement in the usual care group participants (p = .152, p = .068, p = .228). For healthcare use, at follow‐up, there was a significant difference in ambulance use, between the intervention group and the usual care group (33.33% vs. 18.18%, p = .008; cardiac: 88.89% vs. 42.86%; p = .049); 85.14% of participants reported that the application helped them to feel more confident in recognizing and responding to symptoms in the future.ConclusionThe education app was effective in improving individuals’ ACS knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. A large multi‐centre trial with a longer follow‐up to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness on clinical outcomes will be our next step in evaluation.ImpactThe content of AVATARS (Nurse Cora) app can be translated into different languages and evaluated for patients from different health settings and linguistic backgrounds.Trial Registration: This study has been registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). The trial registration number is ACTRN12616000803493.
The relationship between time to analgesic administration and emergency department length of stay: A retrospective review
Authors: Hughes James A. , Brown Nathan J. , Chiu Jacqui , Allwood Brandon , Chu Kevin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the association between time to first analgesic medication and emergency department length of stay (ED LOS).DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodWe conducted this study in a large, inner‐city emergency department and included adult patients who presented with pain as a symptom and received analgesic medication(s). Study participants were identified from a random selection of 2,000 adult patients who presented between August–October 2018. The relationship between ED LOS and time to first analgesic medication was described using bivariate and multivariate linear regression.ResultsOf the 2,000 randomly selected patients presenting between August and October 2018, 727 (36.35%) had pain as a symptom on arrival, 423 (21.15%) had analgesic medication administered. The median time to first analgesic medication was in 62 (interquartile range: 36–105) minutes and median ED LOS was 218 (interquartile range: 160–317.5) minutes. After adjusting for the effects of sex, urgency of the presentation, emergency department location first seen by clinician, departure destination and workload metrics (average daily time to be seen and daily access block). Time to first analgesic medication was independently associated with ED LOS, contributing to 6.96% of the variance in the multivariate model.ConclusionProviding analgesic medication faster to patients presenting in pain, in addition to previously demonstrated positive patient outcomes, may decrease their ED LOS.ImpactReducing ED LOS through faster pain care, benefits the patient through faster pain relief and can benefit the department by reducing the total amount of care delivered in the emergency department. Reducing total care delivery frees up resources to improve the care to all emergency department patients.
Oceanic islands of Wallacea as a source for dispersal and diversification of murine rodents
Authors: Rowe Kevin C. , Achmadi Anang S. , Fabre Pierre‐Henri , Schenk John J. , Steppan Scott J. , Esselstyn Jacob A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the historical dynamics of colonization and whether the relative timing of colonization predicts diversification rate in the species‐rich, murine rodent communities of Indo‐Australia.LocationIndo‐Australian Archipelago including the Sunda shelf of continental Asia, Sahul shelf of continental Australia, the Philippines and Wallacea of Indonesia.TaxonOrder Rodentia, Family Muridae.MethodsWe used a fossil‐calibrated molecular phylogeny and Bayesian biogeographical modelling to infer the frequency and temporal sequence of biogeographical transitions among Sunda, Sahul, the Philippines and Wallacea. We estimated diversification rates for each colonizing lineage using a method‐of‐moments estimator of net diversification and Bayesian mixture model estimates of diversification rate shifts.ResultsWe identified 17 biogeographical transitions, including nine originating from Sunda, seven originating from Sulawesi and broader Wallacea and one originating from Sahul. Wallacea was colonized eight times, the Phillipines five times, Sunda twice and Sahul twice. Net diversification rates ranged from 0.2 to 2.12 species/lineage/My with higher rates in secondary and later colonizers than primary colonizers. The highest rates were in the genusRattusand their closest relatives, irrespective of colonization history.Main ConclusionsOur inferences from murines demonstrate once again the substantial role of islands as sources of species diversity in terrestrial vertebrates of the IAA with most speciation events occurring on islands. Sulawesi and broader Wallacea have been a major source of colonists for both island and continental systems. Crossings of Wallace's Line were more common than subsequent transitions across Lydekker's Line to the east. While speciation following colonization of oceanic archipelagos and large islands is consistent with adaptive radiation theory and ideas regarding ecological opportunity, we did not observe a strong signal of incumbency effects. Rather, subsequent colonists of landmasses radiated unhindered by previous radiations.
Growth‐associated protein 43 promotes thyroid cancer cell lines progression via epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Zheng Chen , Quan Rui‐Da , Wu Cheng‐Yong , Hu Jing , Lin Bang‐Yi , Dong Xu‐Bing , Xia Er‐Jie , Bhandari Adheesh , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Wang Ou‐Chen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThyroid cancer is maintaining at a high incidence level and its carcinogenesis is mainly affected by a complex gene interaction. By analysis of the next‐generation resequencing of paired papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and adjacent thyroid tissues, we found that Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43), a phosphoprotein activated by protein kinase C, might be novel markers associated with PTC. However, its function in thyroid carcinoma has been poorly understood. We discovered that GAP43 was significantly overexpressed in thyroid carcinoma and these results were consistent with that in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. In addition, some clinicopathological features of GAP43 in TCGA database showed that up‐regulated GAP43 is significantly connected to lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and tumour size (P = 0.038). In vitro experiments, loss of function experiments was performed to investigate GAP43 in PTC cell lines (TPC‐1 and BCPAP). The results proved that GAP43 knockdown in PTC cell significantly decreased the function of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we also indicated that GAP43 could modulate the expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐related proteins, which could influence invasion and migration. Put those results together, GAP43 is a gene which was associated with PTC and might be a potential therapeutic target.
Oridonin prevents insulin resistance–mediated cognitive disorder through PTEN/Akt pathway and autophagy in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Wen Fangfang , Zhuge Weishan , Wang Jian , Lu Xiaoai , You Ruimin , Liu Leping , Zhuge Qichuan , Ding Saidan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) was characterized for cognitive dysfunction. Insulin resistance (IR) has been identified to be correlated with the pathogenesis of MHE. Oridonin (Ori) is an active terpenoid, which has been reported to rescue synaptic loss and restore insulin sensitivity. In this study, we found that intraperitoneal injection of Ori rescued IR, reduced the autophagosome formation and synaptic loss and improved cognitive dysfunction in MHE rats. Moreover, in insulin‐resistant PC12 cells and N2a cells, we found that Ori blocked IR‐induced synaptic deficits via the down‐regulation of PTEN, the phosphorylation of Akt and the inhibition of autophagy. Taken together, these results suggested that Ori displays therapeutic efficacy towards memory deficits via improvement of IR in MHE and represents a novel bioactive therapeutic agent for treating MHE.
Association between oral lesions and disease activity in lupus erythematosus
Authors: Del Barrio‐Díaz P. , Reyes‐Vivanco C. , Cifuentes‐Mutinelli M. , Manríquez J. , Vera‐Kellet C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMucosal involvement is frequently seen in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There is no consensus regarding the prevalence, and a wide range of lesions has been reported. Its prognostic significance is currently unknown and a matter of controversy.ObjectiveTo classify oral lesions in lupus, evaluate their prevalence and assess their possible association with disease activity.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive study between 2016 and 2017. A total of 150 lupus patients were matched by sex, age and smoking status with 151 healthy individuals. All subjects underwent a careful evaluation of oral mucosa. On the same day of the clinical assessment, each patient underwent a peripheral venous blood and urine analysis. All patients underwent a full medical history, physical examination and a careful examination of the oral cavity. For each one, we obtained photographs of ten areas of the oral cavity. Two dermatologists of our group blindly recorded the presence and morphology of oral lesions. The disease activity of CLE patients was scored using the Revised Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index, and in SLE patients, activity was measured using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.ResultsIn CLE patients, there was a statistically significant correlation between higher cutaneous disease activity and the following oral findings: discoid plaques, cobblestone and red/brown‐pigmented macules. In patients with CLE, red macules on jugal mucosa were statistically associated with anaemia and positive antinuclear antibodies titres; additionally, the presence of gingivitis was related to systemic inflammation. In SLE patients, gingival telangiectases were statistically significantly associated with leucopenia, hypocomplementemia and systemic inflammation.LimitationsBiopsies on mucosal lesions were not performed.ConclusionSome specific oral lesions correlate with disease activity in CLE and SLE.