bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of signal peptide‐CUB‐EGF domain‐containing protein 1 as an early and late biochemical marker in the ovarian torsion rat model
Authors: Uzun Özgür , Kaban Işık , Midi Ahmet , Uysal Hande , Boran Ahmet B. , Bacanakgil Besim H. , Tarbaghia Marwa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsSignal peptide‐CUB‐EGF (epidermal growth factor‐like protein) domain‐containing protein 1 (SCUBE1) is an experimental marker of ischemia that has been previously studied both in rat models and humans. In this study, we aim to investigate the importance of SCUBE1 levels in ovarian torsion using an ovarian torsion model in rats.MethodsA total of 18 Sprague–Dawley rats were equally divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 6) was the Sham group and was only given a laparotomy procedure. Group 2 (n = 6) underwent bilateral ovarian torsion and ovarian ischemia lasting 8 h. Group 3 (n = 6) was subjected to bilateral ovarian torsion and ischemia lasting 24 h. Blood samples were collected from all three groups after the operations, and SCUBE1 levels were studied. Ovarian samples were collected, and microscopic evaluation was performed. The correlation of SCUBE1 levels and histopathological findings were investigated.ResultsThe mean SCUBE1 level of group 3 was statistically higher than other groups (P < 0.01). Follicular degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells were, respectively, statistically significant in groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.045, respectively).ConclusionSCUBE1 can be useful in diagnosing ovarian torsion during the first 24 h, but more randomized controlled studies are necessary in order to implement it in clinical settings.
Incidence and Etiology of Microinfarcts in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Oliveira‐Filho Jamary , Ay Hakan , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Park Kwang Yeol , Avery Ross , Sorgun Mine , Kim Gyeong‐Moon , Cougo Pedro T. , Greenberg Steven M. , Gurol M. Edip 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSECerebral microinfarcts (CMI) are associated with intracerebral hemorrhage due to small vessel disease (SVD) in studies not including an ischemic etiologic workup. We aimed to determine their incidence and potential causes in a large ischemic stroke (IS) cohort.METHODSConsecutive patients with MRI‐confirmed IS within 72 hours of onset were enrolled. Subjects had either single high‐risk embolic source (cardioembolic or large vessel disease) or no embolic source. CMIs were classified by their relationship to the primary infarct as within or outside the same vascular territory. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and microbleeds were markers SVD severity. Multivariable regression tested the association between CMIs and potential etiologies.RESULTSWe analyzed 946 IS patients, mean age 69 ± 15 years, 46% female. We detected CMI (≤5 mm) on diffusion‐weighted imaging in 269 (28%) subjects, 190 (71%) within the vascular territory of the primary infarct. Large‐vessel atherosclerosis (P <.001), cardioembolic source (P <.001), higher WMH (P = .032) and lower systolic blood pressure (SBP, P = .024) were independently associated with the presence of CMI. While SBP was associated with CMI in any location (P <.05), WMH was only associated with CMI outside the territory of the primary infarct (P = .033), and large vessel atherosclerosis with CMI within the primary infarct territory (P = .004).CONCLUSIONSCMIs occurring within the vascular territory of a larger infarct are more likely embolic, but those occurring outside are probably related to SVD. Our findings suggest a role for SVD in pathogenesis of CMIs and emphasize the importance of etiologic workup to identify alternate etiologies.
Analgesic effect of S (+)-flurbiprofen plaster in a rat model of knee arthritis: analysis of gait and synovial fluid prostaglandin E2 levels
Authors: Fukumoto Ayaka , Tajima Kyoko , Hori Miyuki , Toda Yoshihisa , Kaku Shinsuke , Matsumoto Hideo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives
We developed S (+)-flurbiprofen plaster (SFPP), a novel NSAID patch containing S (+)-flurbiprofen (SFP), a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to assess efficacy of SFPP by analysing its effect on the gait disturbance and measuring the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in synovial fluid in a rat model of knee arthritis.

Methods
Knee inflammation was induced in rats by intra-articular injection of a yeast suspension. Subsequently, an NSAID patch containing SFP, ketoprofen or loxoprofen was applied over the affected knee. Gait was assessed at 2, 4 and 6 h after application of the patch. The PGE2 concentration in the synovial fluid was measured after the gait assessment.

Key findings
Application of SFPP (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg/sheet) was followed by a decrease in the visual gait score at all the doses examined. In the case of the other two NSAID patches, only the ketoprofen patch (1 or 2 mg/sheet) and loxoprofen patch (5 mg/sheet) produced a decrease in the visual gait score. All of the NSAID patches decreased the PGE2 production in the synovial fluid.

Conclusions
These results suggest the potential usefulness of SFPP as an analgesic patch in patients with inflammatory joint pain.
Zinc finger of Arabidopsis thaliana 6 is involved in melatonin‐mediated auxin signaling through interacting INDETERMINATE DOMAIN15 and INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACID 17
Authors: Shi Haitao , Zhang Shengmin , Lin Daozhe , Wei Yunxie , Yan Yu , Liu Guoyin , Reiter Russel J. , Chan Zhulong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough accumulating evidence demonstrates the cross talk between melatonin and auxin as derivatives of tryptophan, the underlying signaling events remain unclear. In this study, we found that melatonin and auxin mediated the transcriptional levels of zinc finger of Arabidopsis thaliana (ZAT6) in a mutually antagonistic manner. ZAT6 negatively modulated the endogenous auxin level, and ZAT6 knockdown plants were less sensitive to melatonin‐regulated auxin biosynthesis, indicating its involvement in melatonin‐mediated auxin accumulation. Additionally, the identification of INDETERMINATE DOMAIN15 (IDD15) and INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACID 17 (IAA17) in Arabidopsis that interacted with ZAT6 in vivo provided new insight of ZAT6‐mediated auxin signaling. Further investigation showed that ZAT6 repressed the transcription activation of IDD15 on the YUC2 promoter, while ZAT6 inhibited the interaction of TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (TIR1) and IAA17 through competitively binding to IAA17. Thus, both auxin synthesis and the auxin response were negatively modulated by ZAT6. Taken together, ZAT6 is involved in melatonin‐mediated auxin signaling through forming an interacting complex of auxin signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.
Melatonin is involved in skotomorphogenesis by regulating brassinosteroid biosynthesis in rice plants
Authors: Hwang Ok Jin , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSerotonin N‐acetyltransferase (SNAT) is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis catalyzing the conversion of serotonin into N‐acetylserotonin. In plants, SNAT is encoded by 2 isogenes of which SNAT1 is constitutively expressed and its overexpression confers increased yield in rice. However, the role of SNAT2 remains to be clarified. In contrast to SNAT1, the diurnal rhythm of SNAT2 mRNA expression peaks at night. In this study, transgenic rice plants in which SNAT2 expression were suppressed by RNAi technology showed a decrease in melatonin and a dwarf phenotype with erect leaves, reminiscent of brassinosteroids (BR)‐deficient mutants. Of note, the dwarf phenotype was dependent on the presence of dark, suggesting that melatonin is involved in dark growth (skotomorphogenesis). In support of this suggestion, SNAT2 RNAi lines exhibited photomorphogenic phenotypes such as inhibition of internodes and increased expression of light‐inducible CAB genes in the dark. The causative gene for the melatonin‐mediated BR biosynthetic gene was DWARF4, a rate‐limiting BR biosynthetic gene. Exogenous melatonin treatment induced several BR biosynthetic genes, including DWARF4, D11, and RAVL1. As expected from the erect leaves, the SNAT2 RNAi lines produced less BR than the wild type. Our results show for the first time that melatonin is a positive regulator of dark growth or shade outgrowth by regulating BR biosynthesis in plants.
Multiphase emplacement of impact melt sheet into the footwall: Offset dykes of the Sudbury Igneous Complex, Canada
Authors: Prevec S. A. , Büttner S. H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe offset dykes of the Sudbury Igneous Complex comprise two distinct main magmatic facies, a high‐temperature inclusion‐free quartz diorite (QD), and a subsequently intruded lower temperature, mineralized, and inclusion‐rich quartz diorite (MIQD). The MIQD facies was emplaced after QD dykes had solidified. Key controlling factors of the two injection phases were (1) the development of a coherent roof, which confined the melt sheet; and (2) the periodic increase of melt and fluid pressure within the melt sheet. For the injection of QD melt, the melt pressure exceeded the normal stress acting on fracture surfaces. For the later refracturing of QD dykes and the injection of MIQD melt, the melt pressure increased further, exceeding the tensile strength of, and the normal stress acting on, QD dykes. We associate the melt pressure increase required for both injection episodes with degassing and devolatilization of cooling melt close to the roof. Within the hydraulically connected melt column, the related pressure increase was transmitted to the base of the melt sheet where QD and MIQD melt was extracted into dykes. Residual core to rim thermal gradients in the QD dykes produced tensile strength gradients, accounting for the typically central location of MIQD dykes within QD dykes.
Formative research to explore the acceptability and use of infant food grinders for the promotion of animal source foods and micronutrient powders in rural Peru
Authors: Creed‐Kanashiro Hilary , Wasser Heather M. , Bartolini Rosario , Goya Cecilia , Bentley Margaret E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAccording to global recommendations, quality diets for complementary feeding (CF) should include a diversity of foods including vitamin A‐rich fruits and vegetables and sources of high‐quality proteins and essential nutrients, particularly animal‐source foods (ASF). A key barrier to feeding ASF surrounds beliefs that the preparation of foods of a thicker consistency may cause problems of digestion, “heaviness” or stomach problems, swallowing, and choking. The objective of this study was to explore, through systematic formative research, the acceptability, use, and feasibility of a simple technology, commercial infant food grinders, in two rural Peruvian settings where there is delayed and low consumption of complementary foods of a thick consistency, including ASF. Phase I explored the barriers, constraints, and opportunities related to the provision of foods of a thicker consistency with a focus on ASF. Phase II encompassed household behavioural trials with mothers and infants to assess the acceptability and use of the grinders in the home setting, using key concepts and messages developed from the information obtained during Phase I. The technology was highly acceptable, used by the majority of mothers (87.8%), and led to changes in cultural perceptions, facilitating increased feeding of appropriate textures (thick purees), ASF, and multimicronutrient powders. Energy, protein, and micronutrient intakes were all significantly greater after the household behavioural trials. This simple technology, paired with systematic formative research to appropriately promote its use across cultures, may have a significant effect on improving CF practices globally, particularly for young infants beginning CF at 6 months.
Rebuilding the bridge between transcription and translation
Authors: Artsimovitch Irina 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn Bacteria, ribosomes may bind to the nascent RNA emerging from the transcribing RNA polymerase and initiate translation. Transcription‐translation coupling plays diverse roles in cellular physiology, including attenuation control, mRNA surveillance and maintenance of genome integrity. While the existence of coupling is broadly accepted, its mechanism and ubiquity are debated. Structural evidence supports mutually exclusive modes of RNA polymerase‐ribosome contacts. In a model based on nuclear magnetic resonance data, NusG binds to a ribosomal protein S10 and acts as an adapter between RNA polymerase and the 30S subunit. Recent single‐particle cryo electron microscopy analyses of RNA polymerase bound to 30S and 70S ribosomes revealed extensive, and very distinct, contacts which are incompatible with bridging by NusG. Saxena et al. provide the first evidence for NusG‐mediated coupling in vivo. Their results demonstrate that Escherichia coli NusG interacts with the 70S ribosomes through a previously established interface and that these interactions are required for survival when translation elongation is hindered to weaken coupling. Future studies will address a likely possibility that distinct bridging mechanisms underpin context‐dependent coupling in the cell.
Clinical course of dengue fever and its impact on renal function in renal transplant recipients and patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Thomas E.T Arun , George Jacob , Sruthi Devi , Vineetha N. S. , Gracious Noble 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTAimDengue fever is a mosquito‐borne viral disease endemic in many tropical and sub‐tropical countries. There are only limited data in the literature about dengue fever in renal transplant recipients and patients with chronic kidney disease. This study compares the clinical course of dengue fever and its impact on renal function in renal transplant recipients, patients with chronic kidney disease and patients with normal baseline renal function.MethodsAn observational study was conducted from 1 May to 31 July 2017, at a tertiary care centre of South India. A major epidemic of dengue had occurred during the study period. Twelve renal transplant recipients, 22 patients with CKD and 58 patients with normal baseline renal function (control group) admitted with dengue fever were prospectively studied.ResultsNadir WBC count was lowest in renal transplant recipients (2575 ± 1187/mm3), [P < 0.001]. Renal transplant recipients took more time for normalization of platelet count (6 ± 4.5 days), [P < 0.001]. All 22 patients with CKD and 11 of 12 renal transplant recipients had worsening of renal function whereas only 17 of 58 patients in the control group had worsening [P < 0.001]. Sixteen patients with CKD, one renal transplant recipient and none among the control group required haemodialysis [P < 0.001]. Dialysis requiring patients had more haemoconcentration (52.5 ± 19.9% increase in haemoglobin), [P < 0.001]. Seven patients with CKD were dialysis dependent at the end of 2 weeks.ConclusionClinical features of dengue fever were different in renal transplant recipients and patients with CKD. Severe worsening of renal function was common in CKD patients. Worsening of renal function in renal transplant recipients was less severe and transient.
Nursing knowledge: A middle ground exploration
Authors: Sakamoto Mariko Liette 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe discipline of nursing has long maintained that is has a unique contribution to make within the health care arena. This assertion of uniqueness lies in great part in the discipline's claim to a distinct body of knowledge. Nursing knowledge is characterized by diverse and multiple forms of knowing and underpins the work of all nurses, regardless of field of practice. Unfortunately, it has been challenging for the discipline to take full ownership of its epistemological diversity, largely due to factors such as competing worldviews, and ideological and binary positioning. A philosophical middle ground stance is proposed as a way for the discipline to contemplate, discuss and develop nursing knowledge; a middle space that provides the freedom to consider competing worldviews while still allowing for the discipline to fully express itself in all of its epistemological diversity. In being able to enact its multiple forms of knowledge in a creative and open space that is open to different ideas and worldviews, not only can nursing take full ownership of its practice and its unique knowledge, it can also demonstrate how best to navigate an increasingly polarized world. In a world that is increasingly fixated on binary solutions and dualistic points of view, it is time for nursing to celebrate its epistemological diversity.
Brain‐heart interaction in perseverative cognition
Authors: Ottaviani Cristina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe move from the concept of homeostasis to that of allostasis has led reactivity stress research to widen the object of its investigation: from the brief physiological response that occurs when one is facing a stressor to what happens when one is anticipating or recovering from a stressor. A paradigmatic example is represented by perseverative cognition, during which human beings react “as if” they were constantly facing a concrete stressor. The core idea behind this review is that the cognitive inflexibility that characterizes perseverative cognition is reflected in both our body (by increased autonomic nervous system rigidity assessed by heart rate variability; HRV) and our brain (by reduced prefrontal‐amygdala functional connectivity). This is a review of studies conducted in different settings (laboratory, daily life), populations (healthy, major depression, generalized anxiety), location (United States, Europe), and age groups (children, adults) that consistently replicated the association between autonomic, subjective, and behavioral measures of cognitive inflexibility during perseverative cognition. Moreover, compelling neuroimaging data suggest that HRV reduction from pre‐ to post‐induction of perseverative cognition is associated with both structural and functional brain abnormalities reflecting impaired prefrontal inhibitory control over subcortical structures (e.g., diminished prefrontal‐amygdala functional connectivity). The integration of neuroscience techniques with clinical autonomic research has advanced our understanding of the neurobiology of brain–heart interaction during perseverative cognition, potentially yielding to more effective treatment packages. This is clinically relevant if one considers that perseverative cognition is a pervasive transdiagnostic factor that carries prognostic risk for both psychological and somatic health.
Becoming us and them: Social learning and intergroup bias
Authors: Over Harriet , McCall Cade 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn recent years, research has demonstrated that the basic features of prejudice and discrimination emerge early in children's development. These discoveries call into question the role of social learning in intergroup bias. Specifically, through what means do we learn to distinguish “us” from “them?” Here, we explore this question, focusing on three key issues: how children respond to biased information they receive from others, how children selectively seek out certain types of biased information, and how children communicate biased information to others. We close by discussing the implications of this research for interventions to reduce stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination.
Towards holomorphology in entomology: rapid and cost‐effective adult–larva matching using NGS barcodes
Authors: Yeo Darren , Puniamoorthy Jayanthi , Ngiam Robin Wen Jiang , Meier Rudolf 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn many taxa the morphology of females and immatures is poorly known because species descriptions and identification tools have a male bias. The root causes are problems with matching life‐history stages and genders belonging to the same species. Such matching is time‐consuming when conventional methods are used (e.g. rearing) and expensive when the stages are matched with DNA barcodes. Unfortunately, the lack of associations is not a trivial problem because it renders a large part of the phenome of insects unexplored, although larvae and females are useful sources of characters for descriptive and phylogenetic purposes. In addition, many collectors intentionally avoid females and immature stages, which skews survey results, interferes with collecting life‐history information, and makes it less likely that rare species are discovered. These problems even exist for well‐studied taxa like Odonata, where obtaining adult–larva matches relies largely on rearing. Here we demonstrate how the matching problem can be addressed with cost‐effective tagged amplicon sequencing of a 313‐bp segment of cox1 with next‐generation sequencing (NGS) (‘NGS barcoding’). We illustrate the value of this approach based on Singapore's odonate fauna which is of a similar size as the European fauna (Singapore, 122 extant species; Europe, 138 recorded species). We match the larvae and adults of 59 species by first creating a barcode database for 338 identified adult specimens representing 83 species. We then sequence 1178 larvae from a wide range of sources. We successfully barcode 1123 specimens, which leads to adult–larva matches for 59 species based on our own barcodes (55) and online barcode databases (4). With these additions, 84 of the 131 species recorded in Singapore have now been associated with a species name. Most common species are now matched (83%), and good progress has been made for vulnerable/near‐threatened (55%), endangered (53%), and critically endangered species (38%). We used nondestructive DNA extraction methods in order to be able to use high‐resolution imaging of matched larvae to establish a publicly available digital reference collection for odonates which is incorporated into ‘Biodiversity of Singapore’ (
https://singapore.biodiversity.online/). We suggest that the methods described here are suitable for many insect taxa because NGS barcoding allows for fast and low‐cost matching of well‐studied life‐history stages with neglected semaphoronts (eggs, larvae, females). We estimate that the specimen‐specific amplicons in this study (c. 1500 specimens) can now be obtained within eight working days and that the laboratory and sequencing cost is c. US$600 (< US$0.40 per specimen).
Massive transfusions for critical bleeding: is everything old new again?
Authors: Flint A.W.J. , McQuilten Z. K. , Wood E. M. 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYMassive transfusion or major haemorrhage protocols have been widely adopted in the treatment of critically bleeding patients. Following evidence that higher ratios of transfused plasma and platelets to red blood cells may offer survival benefits in military trauma patients, these ratios are now commonly incorporated into massive transfusion protocols. They more closely resemble the effects of whole blood transfusion, which in the second half of last century was largely replaced by individual blood component transfusion based on laboratory‐guided indicators. However, high‐quality evidence to guide transfusion support for critically bleeding patients across the range of bleeding contexts is lacking, including for both trauma and non‐trauma patients. More data on major haemorrhage support and clinical outcomes are needed to inform guidelines and practice.