bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Morphological and Biochemical Parameters in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)
Authors: Tahir Aqsa , Iqbal M. Ahsan , Saif Rabia , Qadir Masood , Sultana Razia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the best performing lines in sunflower on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic correlation so that we can find out the which trait directly or indirectly effect the yield and quality of the sunflower because being an breeder our main aim is yield and quality and the lines which are performing best can be further used in the breeding programs. Sunflower is a valuable oil producing crop because it contains good quality oil composition and can be grown twice in a year. There is scarcity of oil in our country so that there is requisite to heighten the yield of sunflower in order to exploit its share in oilseed sector. The study was conducted at the research field of Rajawala farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during year 2015–16 to study the correlation among yield related traits, oil and protein content in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). 20 sunflower lines were sown in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was assessed at maturity for plant height, leaves per plant, leaf area, head diameter, internode length, 100-achene weight, achene yield per plant, oil contents and protein contents. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation was estimated among these traits. The recorded data was subjected to statistical analysis of variance, correlation and path coefficient analysis. The line G-16 showed best performance for leaf area, head diameter and achene yield per plant. Line G-20 was good in 100 achene weight. The above mentioned lines could be used in future breeding programs for effective improvement in yield of sunflower. This data was helpful to select superior lines and these lines may also be used in further hybridization program to get better yield, oil and protein contents.
NIR hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HI) and μXRD for determination of the transition between juvenile and mature wood ofPinus sylvestrisL.
Authors: Ruano Antonio , Zitek Andreas , Hinterstoisser Barbara , Hermoso Eva 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ratio of juvenile wood (jW) to mature wood (mW) is relevant for structural wood applications because of their different properties. Near infrared-hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HI) indicates after calibration, the spatial distribution of jW and mW, and this approach is less time consuming than the established micro X-ray densitometry (μXRD). In the present study, a comparative detection of the jW and mW ofPinus sylvestrisL. was performed by NIR-HI and μXRD and the NIR-HI results were evaluated in combination with three chemometric approaches, namely, the principal component analysis (PCA), partitional k-means unsupervised classification (p-k-mUC) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) in the range of 900–1700 nm. The best NIR-HI results can be obtained when the transition point of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) are assessed separately by PLS-DA. The presented results are useful for an automating data evaluation and simplified data collection.
Variational Inference for Coupled Hidden Markov Models Applied to the Joint Detection of Copy Number Variations
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang , Lebarbier Emilie , Aubert Julie , Robin Stéphane 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHidden Markov models provide a natural statistical framework for the detection of the copy number variations (CNV) in genomics. In this context, we define a hidden Markov process that underlies all individuals jointly in order to detect and to classify genomics regions in different states (typically, deletion, normal or amplification). Structural variations from different individuals may be dependent. It is the case in agronomy where varietal selection program exists and species share a common phylogenetic past. We propose to take into account these dependencies inthe HMM model. When dealing with a large number of series, maximum likelihood inference (performed classically using the EM algorithm) becomes intractable. We thus propose an approximate inference algorithm based on a variational approach (VEM), implemented in the CHMM R package. A simulation study is performed to assess the performance of the proposed method and an application to the detection of structural variations in plant genomes is presented.
CFD Simulation of the Particle Dispersion Behavior and Mass Transfer–Reaction Kinetics in non-Newton Fluid with High Viscosity
Authors: Xie Le , Wang Qi-An , Luo Xian-Jin , Luo Zheng-Hong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Solid particle dispersion and chemical reactions in high-viscosity non-Newtonian fluid are commonly encountered in polymerization systems. In this study, an interphase mass transfer model and a finite-rate/eddy-dissipation formulation were integrated into a computational fluid dynamics model to simulate the dispersion behavior of particles and the mass transfer–reaction kinetics in a condensation polymerization-stirred tank reactor. Turbulence fields were obtained using the standard k–ε model and employed to calculate the mixing rate. Cross model was used to characterize the rheological property of the non-Newton fluid. The proposed model was first validated by experimental data in terms of input power. Then, several key operating variables (i.e. agitation speed, viscosity, and particle size) were investigated to evaluate the dispersive mixing performance of the stirred vessel. Simulation showed that a high agitation speed and a low fluid viscosity favored particle dispersions. This study provided useful guidelines for industrial-scale high-viscosity polymerization reactors.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Metaphors of Learning and Teaching English as a Second Language
Authors: Shaw Donita , Andrei Elena 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Building upon the theory of teacher cognition, the purpose of this study was to discover how pre-service teachers envision learning English as English Language Learners (ELLs) and teaching English to ELLs. We examined metaphors of 98 pre-service teachers who were enrolled in their first literacy methods course in their preparatory program at one of two universities in the United States. We used metaphor analysis methodology to look at the participants’ metaphor writing samples. Overall results showed the pre-service teachers viewed learning English to be foremost a challenge and secondarily a worthwhile challenge. In contrast, the pre-service teachers viewed teaching English to be a worthwhile challenge, followed by a challenge and process. Throughout this paper we highlight our reflection and relate our findings to previous research. To be a responsive teacher educator begins by knowing our pre-service teachers.
Crystal structure of 3-methyl-cyclobis(1-(1,1′-ferrocenylmethyl)-4-butyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole) tetrafluoroborate, C21H25FeN6⋅BF4
Authors: Xu Jianghua , Li Jian , Ling Yun , Xu Bo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
C21H25FeN6⋅BF4, monoclinic, Pn (no. 7), a = 9.6166(5) Å, b = 10.8331(6) Å, c = 11.0982(6) Å, β = 105.997(2)°, V = 1111.41(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0388, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0831, T = 180(2) K.
A solution for a treatment of bottom sludge from a log-soaking pond for separation of sand
Authors: Kuosa Markku , Kopra Riku 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Nowadays in many countries legislation places stringent limits on the dumping of untreated sludge as land fill. One option for handling sludge is incineration. However, log-soaking bottom sludge contains a remarkable amount of sand, which hinders its use as fuel. This gives rise to the need for an appropriate means for separating sand from sludge. A pilot apparatus for the separation of sand from log-soaking bottom sludge was designed. The pilot apparatus consisted of a drum washer and gravity settling. The water consumption of the process was very low. The separation of sand was remarkable and the resulting sludge could be used in grate firing boilers after drying.
Time-dependent mechanical response of paper during web-fed high-speed inkjet printing
Authors: Lahti Jussi , Kouko Jarmo , Hirn Ulrich 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The influence of wetting and drying during high-speed inkjet (HSI) printing on the time-dependent mechanical behavior of commercial HSI papers was investigated using a custom-built C-Impact tensile tester. In HSI printing the water based ink solvent penetrates into the paper while the colorants adhere onto the surface. We found that water strongly affected paper stiffness and strength already 0.1 s after wetting. Creep compliance and paper strain at a typical HSI printing input tension of 180 N/m are varying strongly during the different process steps of HSI printing. In order to achieve a good color registration and print quality, we thus recommend that the web tension should be dynamically controlled in each process step to prevent straining after wetting or shrinkage during drying.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole latent pigment-based bilayer solar cells
Authors: Beverina Luca , Rooney Myles , Ruffo Riccardo , Sassi Mauro , Carulli Francesco , Luzzati Silvia , Resel Roland , Schrode Benedikt 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Two Diketopyrrolopyrrole based latent pigment donor materials were fabricated into thin film bilayer photovoltaic devices featuring PCBM as the acceptor. Thermal deprotection of the thin film, carried out at 200∘ C, returns the dye-like small molecule to the corresponding pristine pigment quantitatively. The connected evolution of electrical and morphological features of pure thin films and blends are examined. A significant decrease in extinction coefficient was noted and correlated both to intrinsic changes of the electronic structure upon cleavage and to an increase in internal scattering due to extensive crystallization. Power conversion efficiencies of 0.33% were achieved for bilayer devices, nearly doubling previous results with latent pigment DPP devices, under comparable experimental conditions.
Dopamine Release Dynamics in the Tuberoinfundibular Dopamine System
Authors: Stagkourakis Stefanos , Dunevall Johan , Taleat Zahra , Ewing Andrew G. , Broberger Christian 
Published: February 2019

The relationship between neuronal impulse activity and neurotransmitter release remains elusive. This issue is especially poorly understood in the neuroendocrine system, with its particular demands on periodically voluminous release of neurohormones at the interface of axon terminals and vasculature. A shortage of techniques with sufficient temporal resolution has hindered real-time monitoring of the secretion of the peptides that dominate among the neurohormones. The lactotropic axis provides an important exception in neurochemical identity, however, as pituitary prolactin secretion is primarily under monoaminergic control, via tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons projecting to the median eminence (ME). Here, we combined electrical or optogenetic stimulation and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to address dopamine release dynamics in the male mouse TIDA system. Imposing different discharge frequencies during brief (3 s) stimulation of TIDA terminals in the ME revealed that dopamine output is maximal at 10 Hz, which was found to parallel the TIDA neuron action potential frequency distribution during phasic discharge. Over more sustained stimulation periods (150 s), maximal output occurred at 5 Hz, similar to the average action potential firing frequency of tonically active TIDA neurons. Application of the dopamine transporter blocker, methylphenidate, significantly increased dopamine levels in the ME, supporting a functional role of the transporter at the neurons' terminals. Lastly, TIDA neuron stimulation at the cell body yielded perisomatic release of dopamine, which may contribute to an ultrafast negative feedback mechanism to constrain TIDA electrical activity. Together, these data shed light on how spiking patterns in the neuroendocrine system translate to vesicular release toward the pituitary and identify how dopamine dynamics are controlled in the TIDA system at different cellular compartments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA central question in neuroscience is the complex relationship between neuronal discharge activity and transmitter release. By combining optogenetic stimulation and voltammetry, we address this issue in dopamine neurons of the neuroendocrine system, which faces particular spatiotemporal demands on exocytotic release; large amounts of neurohormone need to be secreted into the portal capillaries with precise timing to adapt to physiological requirements. Our data show that release is maximal around the neurons' default firing frequency. We further provide support for functional dopamine transport at the neurovascular terminals, shedding light on a long-standing controversy about the existence of neuroendocrine transmitter reuptake. Finally, we show that dopamine release occurs also at the somatodendritic level, providing a substrate for an ultrashort autoregulatory feedback loop.
The Role of the Binder/Solvent Pair on the Electrochemical Performance of Aluminium Batteries
Authors: Smajic Jasmin , Alazmi Amira , Costa Pedro M. F. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn energy storage systems, every component that makes up an electrode can greatly affect the electrochemical performance. One example includes the so-called “binders” used in secondary batteries. Herein, we compare the influence of using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the electrochemical performance of an aluminium chloride battery (ACB) system. The active material of the cathode was a reduced graphene oxide dried under supercritical conditions (RGOCPD). Interestingly, while PVDF enabled one of the highest capacities reported for ACBs, the CMC resulted in a significant degradation of the cell’s performance.
BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF NANOSILVER AGAINST PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS WHICH CAUSE PECULAR DISEASES OF GENITAL SECRETION TRACK
Authors: Dung Tran Thi Ngoc , Hung Nguyen Duc , Buu Ngo Quoc , Hung Le Van , Dung Nguyen Dang 
Published: February 2019

Nano silver was known as a bactericidal agent for almost all bacterial species and has been intensively investigated over the world to apply for disinfection in different fields of human activities and environmental protection. Specifically, genital exudate media contain numerous dangerous bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans etc. which as a rule are drug-resistant with respect to antibiotics. This research presents the results of the application of nanosilver in replacing antibiotics in elimination of the above mentioned microorganisms by using low nanosilver concentrations of about 0.01 mg/cm2 immobilized on non-woven fabric. The experimental data showed that nanosilver-impregnated fabric samples at a concentration 0.01 mg/cm2 gave antibacterial rings of 10 mm, 9 mm and 8 mm, respectively, for N. gonorrhoeae, Candida albicans + E.coli and Candida albicans + E.coli + S. aureus.
Transtibial ve transfemoral amputelerin denge ve düşme düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: AYDIN Abdulkadir , ATİÇ Ramazan 
Published: February 2019

Amaç:Yaşlılıkta denge ve koordinasyonun bozulmasına bağlı
olarak düşmeler meydana gelir. Ampute yaşlılarda denge ve koordinasyon daha
fazla bozulur. Düşme ve düşme korkusu sağlıklı yaşlılara göre daha fazladır. Bu
çalışmadaki amacımız, Transtibial amputasyon (TT) ve Transfemoral (TF) amputasyonlarda
vasküler ve non-vasküler nedenlerle ampute olmuş hastaların denge, yürüme,
düşme ve depresyon anksite durumlarını değerlendirmek ve TT ve TF gruplarını
karşılaştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem:Çalışmaya, TT ve TF protez kullanan 60 yaş üzeri 52
hasta (26 TT, 26 TF) ampute alındı. Çalışmaya yaş ortalamaları 69±6,69 olan (17 erkek, 9 kadın ) TT ve yaş ortalamaları 67±6,12 olan (15 erkek,
11 kadın) TF ampute dahil edildi. Çalışmaya Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Etik Kurulu tarafından onay verildi. Hastalar çalışma ile ilgili
bilgilendirildi ve sözlü ve yazılı onamları alındı. Tüm hastaların demografik
özellikleri ve 1 yıl içinde düşme öyküsü, amputasyona adaptasyon, proteze
adaptasyon, düşme korkusunun varlığı, yardımcı cihaz kullanımı ve amputasyon
rehabilitasyonu almaları gibi klinik özellikler sorgulandı. Ayrıca her iki
gruba Tinetti denge ve yürüme testi ile BECK anksiyete depresyon anketi uygulandı. Hipotezler çift yönlü olup, p≤0.05 ise
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuç kabul edildi.Bulgular:Demografik özelliklerde her grup açısından fark yoktu
(p&gt;0.05). Klinik özelliklerde düşme öyküsü,
düşme korkusunun varlığı, yardımcı cihaz kullanımı ve rehabilitasyon alma
parametrelerinde TT amputeler lehine anlamlı sonuçlar bulundu (p&lt;0.05).
Tinetti denge ve yürüme parametrelerinde TT amputeler lehine anlamlı sonuçlar
bulundu (p&lt;0.05). Ancak BECK depresyon-anksiyete skorların iki grup arasında
bir fark bulunmadı (p&gt;0.05).Sonuç:Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre TT amputelerin düşme
riski orta, TF amputelerin düşme riskinin yüksek derecede olduğu bulundu. Bunun
nedeni TT amputelerde sağlam kalan ekstremite miktarı TF amputelere göre daha
fazla, diz ekleminin varlığı ve denge merkezinin yere daha yakın olması
düşünülebilir.
Advanced High-Coverage Targeted Metabolomics Method (SWATHtoMRM) for Exploring the Relationship of Follicular Fluid Components with Age
Authors: Song Jingyan , Wang Tianqi , Guo Jiayin , Guo Ying , Wang Xiaoming , Yang Yi , Xu Kaiyue , Sa Yuanhong , Yuan Lihua , Jiang Huaying , Sun Zhengao 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The complexity of follicular fluid metabolome presents a huge challenge for
qualitative and quantitative metabolite profiling and discovery of the comprehensive biomarkers.

Objective:
In order to address this challenge, novel SWATHtoMRM metabolomics method was used
for providing broad coverage and excellent quantitative capability to discover the human follicular fluid
metabolites related to age and evaluate their relationship with pregnancy outcome and oocyte senescence.

Methods:
The patients were divided into four groups according to age, including group A (28 cases, 21-
27 years old), group B (42 cases, 28-34 years old), group C (31 cases, 35-41 years old), and group D (24
cases, 42-48 years old). Follicular fluid samples from 125 IVF patients were analyzed. The differential
ions among the four groups were identified by principal components analysis according to accurate
mass, isotope ratio, and tandem mass spectroscopic spectra. Then, the differential metabolic pathways
were further identified by a KEGG cluster analysis.

Results:
A total of 18 metabolites in the follicular fluid differed among the four groups, including
amino acids, lipids, hormones, and vitamins. A total of 15 metabolites, including 6-oxohexanoate,
phenylalanine, proline, hexadecanoic acid, linoleate, arachidonate, oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid,
LysoPC(16:1), LysoPC(20:5), LysoPC (20:3), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 5-dehydroepisterol, 27-
hydroxycholesterol, and 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,23,25-pentol, were down-regulated
with age and 3 metabolites, including LysoPC(18:3), LysoPC(18:1), and 13,14-dihydroretinol, were upregulated
with age.

Conclusion:
Our study provides useful information for revealing the relationship between age and female
reproductive capability.
Simultaneous and Sensitive Determination of Amphetamine, Codeine and Morphine in Exhaled Breath Condensate, Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with On-line and Off-line Enhancing Methods
Authors: Hamidi Samin 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Abuse of drugs is associated with several medical, forensic, toxicology and
social challenges. “Drugs of abuse” testing is therefore an important issue.

Objective:
We propose a simple CE-based method for the quantification of amphetamine, codeine
and morphine after direct injection of Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) by the aid of simple stacking
mode and an off-line pre-concentration method.

Methods:
Using graphene oxide adsorbents, amphetamine, codeine and morphine were extracted
from EBC in order to eliminate the proteins and other interferences. In addition to off-line method,
an online stacking mode was applied to improve the analytical signal obtained from the instrument.

Results:
The validation parameters were experimented on the developed method based on the FDA
guideline over concentration ranges of 12.5-100, 30-500 and 10-1250 ng/mL associated with amphetamine,
codeine and morphine, respectively. Small volumes (around 100 μL) of EBC were collected
using a lab-made setup and successfully analyzed using the proposed method where precisions
and accuracies (within day and between days) were in accordance with the guideline (recommended
less than 15 % for biological samples). The recovery tests were used to evaluate the matrix effect and
data (94 to 105 %) showed that the proposed method can be applied in different EBC matrix samplings
of subjects.

Conclusion:
The proposed method is superior for simultaneous determination of amphetamine, codeine
and morphine over chromatographic analyses because it is fast and consumes fewer chemicals,
with no derivatization step.
Sequential Injection Chromatography with Monolithic Column for Phenothiazines Assay in Human Urine and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Idris Abubakr M. 
Published: February 2019

Methods:
Sequential injection chromatography (SIC) with monolithic column has been
proposed with potential benefits for separation and quantification.

Objective:
To utilize SIC to develop a new assay method for the separation and quantification of some
phenothiazines (promethazine, chlorpromazine and perphenazine) in human urine and synthetic pharmaceutical
formulations.

Methods:
The 32 full-factorial design was adopted to study the effect of mobile phase composition on
separation efficiency, retention time, peak height and baseline. The separation was conducted on a C18
monolithic column (100 × 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase composition of phosphate:
acetonitrile:methanol (60:28:12) at pH 4.0. The detection was carried out using a miniaturized
fiber optic spectrometer at 250 nm.

Results:
Satisfactory analytical features, including number of theoretical plates (1809-6232), peak
symmetry (1.0-1.3), recovery (95.5-99.1% in pharmaceutical formulations and 91.6-94.7% in urine),
intra-day precision (0.36-1.60% for pharmaceutical formulation and 2.96-3.67 for urine), inter-day precision
(1.47-2.28% for pharmaceutical formulation), limits of detection (0.23-0.88 μg/ml) and limits of
quantification (0.77-2.90 μg/ml), were obtained.

Conclusion:
The remarkable advantages of the proposed SIC method are the inexpensiveness in terms
of instrumentation and reagent consumption.