bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triclosan unschädlich machen
Authors: Fischböck Kathrin , Rizos Janine , Habekost Achim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlltagsprodukte wie Seifen und Desinfektionsmitteln enthalten oft das Bakterizid Triclosan. So gelangt es zwangsläufig in die Umwelt. Daher sind empfindliche Detektionsmethoden der chlororganischen Verbindung gefragt sowie Reaktionen zur Detoxifizierung. Versuche aus dem Hochschulpraktikum.
Die vier Neuen: Nihonium, Moscovium, Tenness und Oganesson
Authors: Vetsova Violeta A. , Daumann Lena J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIm Jahr 2010 war es soweit: Physiker und Chemiker synthetisierten das Element 117 und vervollständigten damit die siebte Reihe des Periodensystems. Wie stellt man superschwere Elemente her und wie kommen sie zu ihren Namen?
Jahrestagung der chinesischen Chemiker in Deutschland
Authors: Xu Rui , Cao‐Dolg Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMitte April fand die Jahrestagung der Gemeinschaft Chinesischer Chemiker und Chemieingenieure in Deutschland (Chinese German Chemical Association, CGCA) im Harnack‐Haus der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft in Berlin statt. Etwa 100 Wissenschaftler aus der Chemie und angrenzenden Forschungsgebieten nahmen an der zweitägigen Veranstaltung teil, die das Fritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft Berlin und das Institut für Theoretische Chemie der Universität Köln mit der CGCA organisiert hatten. Motto der Tagung war „Chemie und nachhaltige Entwicklung“. Die jährliche Zusammenkunft chinesischer Chemiker in Deutschland fand bereits zum 30. Mal statt; 24 Wissenschaftler aus Deutschland, Frankreich und China hielten Vorträge. Finanziell unterstützen Eutech Consulting, Springer, Sinojobs, Uniq10ue und die Feelnow Reiseagentur, das Harbin Institute of Technology, die University of Chinese Academy of Sciences und die deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) sowie die Bildungsabteilung der chinesischen Botschaft in Deutschland. So ließen sich außer den Vortragenden aus Deutschland auch eine Professorin und vier Professoren chinesischer Universitäten zu Hauptvorträgen einladen.
Impacts of sequential acquisition, market competition mode, and confidentiality on information flow
Authors: Hao Zhongyuan , Jiang Li , Wang Wenli 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe investigate information flow in a setting in which 2 retailers order from a supplier and sell to a market with uncertain demand. Each retailer has access to a signal. The retailers can disclose signals to each other (horizontal information sharing), while the supplier can solicit signals by offering retailers differential payments as incentives for signal disclosure (vertical information acquisition). In the base setting, market competition is in quantity, and a retailer can fully infer the signal that the other retailer discloses to the supplier. We show that the supplier prefers to sequentialize the procedure for information acquisition. Moreover, vertical information acquisition by the supplier is a strategic complement to horizontal information sharing between the retailers to establish information flow. In the equilibrium, the retailers have no incentive to exchange signals, but system wide information transparency can be realized through a combination of information acquisition and inference. We further study the signaling effect, whereby the supplier utilizes wholesale pricing as an instrument to affect the retailers' inference of the shared signals, and price competition to explore their impacts on the supplier's preference for sequential acquisition and the sustainability of information flow.
Direct Access by Mechanochemistry or Sonochemistry to Protonated Merocyanines: Components of a Four‐State Molecular Switch
Authors: Colaço Melwin , Carletta Andrea , Van Gysel Mégane , Robeyns Koen , Tumanov Nikolay , Wouters Johan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDirect access to the protonated merocyanine forms of two substituted spiropyrans by mechanosynthesis or sonochemistry was explored. The compounds were formed by the condensation reaction of the methyleneindolium iodide salt with salicylaldehyde derivatives. X‐ray crystallography, 1H NMR spectroscopy, ab initio geometry optimization, and absorption spectroscopy were combined to provide a better understanding of the four‐state molecular switch system in which the newly synthesized protonated merocyanines were found to play a central role. The results of this study suggest that the stability of the protonated merocyanines requires acidic conditions, as treatment with base led to the corresponding unprotonated merocyanines, which in turn spontaneously converted into photochromic closed spiropyrans.
Genetic profile of isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia revealed by targeted next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Kammoun Molka , Souche Erika , Brady Paul , Ding Jia , Cosemans Nele , Gratacos Eduard , Devriendt Koen , Eixarch Elisenda , Deprest Jan , Vermeesch Joris Robert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by a defective closure of the diaphragm occurring as an isolated defect in 60% of cases. Lung size, liver herniation, and pulmonary circulation are major prognostic indices. Isolated CDH genetics is heterogeneous and poorly understood. Whether genetic lesions are also outcome determinants has never been explored.ObjectivesTo identify isolated CDH genetic causes, to fine map the mutational burden, and to search for a correlation between the genotype and the disease severity and outcome.MethodsTargeted massively parallel sequencing of 143 human and mouse CDH causative and candidate genes in a cohort of 120 fetuses with isolated CDH and detailed outcome measures.ResultsPathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 10% of the cohort. These variants affect both known CDH causative genes, namely, ZFPM2, GATA4, and NR2F2, and new genes, namely, TBX1, TBX5, GATA5, and PBX1. In addition, mutation burden analysis identified LBR, CTBP2, NSD1, MMP14, MYOD1, and EYA1 as candidate genes with enrichment in rare but predicted deleterious variants. No obvious correlation between the genotype and the phenotype or short‐term outcome has been found.ConclusionTargeted resequencing identifies a genetic cause in 10% of isolated CDH and identifies new candidate genes.
Climatic, geomorphologic and hydrologic perturbations as drivers for mid‐ to late Holocene development of ice‐wedge polygons in the western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Wolter J. , Lantuit H. , Wetterich S. , Rethemeyer J. , Fritz M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIce‐wedge polygons are widespread periglacial features and influence landscape hydrology and carbon storage. The influence of climate and topography on polygon development is not entirely clear, however, giving high uncertainties to projections of permafrost development. We studied the mid‐ to late Holocene development of modern ice‐wedge polygon sites to explore drivers of change and reasons for long‐term stability. We analyzed organic carbon, total nitrogen, stable carbon isotopes, grain size composition and plant macrofossils in six cores from three polygons. We found that all sites developed from aquatic to wetland conditions. In the mid‐Holocene, shallow lakes and partly submerged ice‐wedge polygons existed at the studied sites. An erosional hiatus of ca 5000 years followed, and ice‐wedge polygons re‐initiated within the last millennium. Ice‐wedge melt and surface drying during the last century were linked to climatic warming. The influence of climate on ice‐wedge polygon development was outweighed by geomorphology during most of the late Holocene. Recent warming, however, caused ice‐wedge degradation at all sites. Our study showed that where waterlogged ground was maintained, low‐centered polygons persisted for millennia. Ice‐wedge melt and increased drainage through geomorphic disturbance, however, triggered conversion into high‐centered polygons and may lead to self‐enhancing degradation under continued warming.
Forensic analysis of water‐based lubricants using liquid extraction surface analysis high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hood Shiona , Peter Tony , Blanksby Stephen J. , Marshall David L. 
Published: July 2018

RationaleAnalysis of water‐based personal lubricants can provide pivotal information to law enforcement regarding sexual assault allegations, particularly in the absence of biological evidence. Traditional methodology for the extraction and analysis of water‐based lubricants is cumbersome, time‐consuming, and often not sufficiently selective or sensitive to fully characterise the wide range of chemical components present within complex formulations.MethodsLiquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) was deployed in combination with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to screen a range of water‐based lubricants directly from contaminated cotton fabric. Rehydration of the fabric was the only sample preparation required.ResultsAnalysis of ten different water‐based lubricants by nano‐electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in negative ion mode enabled discrimination based on the presence or absence of nine compounds, which were identified by comparison of their MS/MS spectra with those of available standards. Lubricants were successfully detected by LESA from stained fabric surfaces; even following extended periods of time between deposition and sampling.ConclusionsA library encompassing the common components of water‐based lubricants has been established using HRMS and MS/MS to enable identification of personal lubricant formulations and differentiation between suppliers.
Development of a method for the determination of 8‐iso‐PGF2α in sheep and goat plasma using solid‐phase microextraction and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rodríguez Patiño Gabriela , Castillo Rodríguez Miriam Aide , Ramírez Bribiesca Jacinto Efren , Ramírez Noguera Patricia , Gonsebatt Bonaparte María Eugenia , López‐Arellano Raquel 
Published: July 2018

RationaleIsoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α is a biomarker of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. The method developed to measure plasma total levels (esterified + free) of 8‐iso‐PGF2α must be reproducible and be able to reduce the use of solvents in solid phase extraction. It should be useful to evaluate oxidative stress due to the excess of free radicals that are generated by some disorder or disease.MethodsThe method was developed using solid‐phase microextraction with Oasis®MAX μElution plates and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS). Electrospray ionization was performed in the negative mode (ESI−); the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was used. The development of the method included the optimization of the chromatographic conditions to achieve the separation of PGF2α and 8‐iso‐PGF2α as well as the optimization of the microextraction conditions of the analyte of interest in ovine and goat plasma.ResultsThe developed method was validated with a calibration curve of plasma samples fortified with standards at five concentration levels in the range 49–639 pg/mL. The average recovery was 89% with a standard deviation of 10.73%. The inter‐day precision was evaluated, obtaining a coefficient of variance (CV) less than 15%. The limit of quantification was 20 pg/mL and the limit of detection was 10 pg/mL. 8‐iso‐PGF2a was determined in the plasma of 14 sheep and 20 goats of 5 months of age and 6 goats of 24 months of age. The concentrations found were 50–300 pg/mL.ConclusionsThe method developed is precise, accurate and reliable with low reagent consumption compared with conventional solid‐phase extraction. The analysis time was decreased because, with the use of the microextraction plate, the step of the evaporation and reconstitution of the analyte was avoided. The method is applicable to quantify the plasma total levels (esterified + free) of 8‐iso‐PGF2α.
Immobilization of Photo‐Immunoconjugates on Nanoparticles Leads to Enhanced Light‐Activated Biological Effects
Authors: Huang Huang‐Chiao , Pigula Michael , Fang Yanyan , Hasan Tayyaba 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe past three decades have witnessed notable advances in establishing photosensitizer–antibody photo‐immunoconjugates for photo‐immunotherapy and imaging of tumors. Photo‐immunotherapy minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissue when using a cancer‐selective photo‐immunoconjugate, but requires a threshold intracellular photosensitizer concentration to be effective. Delivery of immunoconjugates to the target cells is often hindered by I) the low photosensitizer‐to‐antibody ratio of photo‐immunoconjugates and II) the limited amount of target molecule presented on the cell surface. Here, a nanoengineering approach is introduced to overcome these obstacles and improve the effectiveness of photo‐immunotherapy and imaging. Click chemistry coupling of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD)–Cetuximab photo‐immunoconjugates onto FKR560 dye‐containing poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles markedly enhances intracellular photo‐immunoconjugate accumulation and potentiates light‐activated photo‐immunotoxicity in ovarian cancer and glioblastoma. It is further demonstrated that co‐delivery and light activation of BPD and FKR560 allow longitudinal fluorescence tracking of photoimmunoconjugate and nanoparticle in cells. Using xenograft mouse models of epithelial ovarian cancer, intravenous injection of photo‐immunoconjugated nanoparticles doubles intratumoral accumulation of photo‐immunoconjugates, resulting in an enhanced photoimmunotherapy‐mediated tumor volume reduction, compared to “standard” immunoconjugates. This generalizable “carrier effect” phenomenon is attributed to the successful incorporation of photo‐immunoconjugates onto a nanoplatform, which modulates immunoconjugate delivery and improves treatment outcomes.
Materials Nanoarchitectonics Using 2D Layered Materials: Recent Developments in the Intercalation Process
Authors: Sangian Danial , Ide Yusuke , Bando Yoshio , Rowan Alan E. , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLayered inorganic solids as an attractive classification of 2D materials offer material diversity and a wide range of interesting properties. Layered inorganic solids provide an expandable 2D nanospace between each individual layer, the so called interlayer space, to accommodate/arrange guest species such as molecules, nanoparticles, and polymer chains and design unique nanoarchitectures, resulting in the production of intercalation compounds showing different properties in comparison to those of virgin layered materials and guest species. Layered inorganic solids can also be exfoliated to result in nanosheet production. Further ordering of exfoliated nanosheets is also possible via different methods and normally leads to creating soft materials presenting properties and applications different from that of relatively rigid intercalation compounds. Here, the latest studies and up‐to‐date developments on the possible techniques of designing novel types of materials using layered inorganic solids are specifically highlighted.
A Natural Biopolymer Film as a Robust Protective Layer to Effectively Stabilize Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Shao‐Jian , Gao Zhen‐Guang , Wang Wei‐Wei , Lu Yan‐Qiu , Deng Ya‐Ping , You Jin‐Hai , Li Jun‐Tao , Zhou Yao , Huang Ling , Zhou Xiao‐Dong , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLi metal is considered as an ideal anode for Li‐based batteries. Unfortunately, the growth of Li dendrites during cycling leads to an unstable interface, a low coulombic efficiency, and a limited cycling life. Here, a novel approach is proposed to protect the Li‐metal anode by using a uniform agarose film. This natural biopolymer film exhibits a high ionic conductivity, high elasticity, and chemical stability. These properties enable a fast Li‐ion transfer and feasiblity to accomodate the volume change of Li metal, resulting in a dendrite‐free anode and a stable interface. Morphology characterization shows that Li ions migrate through the agarose film and then deposit underneath it. A full cell with the cathode of LiFPO4 and an anode contaning the agarose film exhibits a capacity retention of 87.1% after 500 cycles, much better than that with Li foil anode (70.9%) and Li‐deposited Cu anode (5%). This study provides a promising strategy to eliminate dendrites and enhance the cycling ability of lithium‐metal batteries through coating a robust artificial film of natural biopolymer on lithium‐metal anode.
Movement Patterns of Juvenile Sablefish within a Nursery Area in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Ehresmann Rhea K. , Beaudreau Anne H. , Green Kristen M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria is a commercially important species that inhabits waters of the Pacific Ocean from Baja California, Mexico, to the Bering Sea, Alaska. Most studies have focused on the larval, neustonic (near‐surface) juvenile, or adult stage of the Sablefish life cycle, while much less is known about the postsettlement juvenile stage (ages 0–2) in nearshore nursery areas, even though survival of postsettlement juveniles is thought to be important for determining year‐class strength. We used acoustic telemetry to monitor movement of postsettlement juvenile Sablefish in a nursery area in Alaska to better describe their period of nearshore residency. Forty juvenile Sablefish received surgically implanted acoustic transmitters and were monitored using eight fixed receivers throughout the summer and fall of 2015 and 2016 in a small bay (St. John Baptist Bay) in Southeast Alaska. We quantified movement patterns in terms of displacement from the head of the bay, distance traveled, and duration of time spent within the bay for 28 individuals. Sablefish showed fidelity to the bay during the summer, with relatively high rates of movement within the bay. Juvenile Sablefish traveled 9.4 km/d and spent 20.2 h/d within the bay on average in 2015 and traveled 13.0 km/d and spent 17.9 h/d within the bay on average in 2016. Tagged Sablefish showed the greatest affinity for a region near the head of the bay, perhaps indicating an area of preferred habitat, prey resources, or environmental conditions. In addition, we assessed variation in horizontal movements among individuals and identified three distinct movement types. This study fills a gap in knowledge of Sablefish early life history by characterizing movement during nearshore residency before out‐migration into deeper waters. Our results reinforce the importance of nearshore habitats like St. John Baptist Bay for juvenile Sablefish prior to recruitment into fisheries.
Perspectives on Genetic Testing and Return of Results from the First Cohort of Presymptomatically Tested Individuals At Risk of Huntington Disease
Authors: Stuttgen K. M. , Bollinger J. M. , Dvoskin R. L. , McCague A. , Shpritz B. , Brandt J. , Mathews Debra J. H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis qualitative study gathered opinions about genetic testing from people who received presymptomatic testing for Huntington's disease (HD) 20–30 years ago and have lived with the implications of that testing for decades. During the last section of a semi‐structured interview, participants were asked open‐ended questions about their opinions on the importance of autonomy in the decision to be tested for HD, whether a formal HD testing protocol is necessary, whether physician ordering for HD is acceptable without a formal protocol, whether online direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) genetic testing for HD is acceptable, and whether incidental/secondary findings should be returned in the context of whole exome/genome sequencing. Most—but not all—participants were in favor of an individual's right to decide whether and when to pursue HD testing, use of a formal HD testing protocol, and returning medically actionable secondary findings. However, the majority of participants were opposed not only to physician ordering and DTC HD testing in the absence of a formal protocol but also to returning a secondary finding of an expanded HD allele. This study presents the opinions of a unique and extremely well‐informed cohort on issues that need to be taken into careful consideration by genetic counselors and other medical professionals who are developing genetic testing protocols, making decisions about the availability of genetic tests, and making decisions about whether and how to return incidental findings.
Developmental trajectories of math anxiety during adolescence: Associations with STEM career choice
Authors: Ahmed Wondimu 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine if there were distinct developmental trajectories of math anxiety during adolescence and if these trajectories predicted later STEM career choice. The study also evaluated whether the trajectories varied in relation to gender and race/ethnicity. Data were drawn from Longitudinal Study of American Youth‐younger cohort that consisted of 3116 nationally representative sample of 7th grade students (48% Female, 70% European American) that were followed for 7 years. The results revealed four heterogeneous math anxiety trajectory groups: consistently low (34.68%), decreasing (23.72%), increasing (21.90%), and consistently high (20.12%). Trajectories varied with regard to race/ethnicity but not gender. Membership in consistently low or decreasing trajectory predicted later STEM career choice. The findings suggest that preventive interventions may benefit from targeting math anxiety during adolescence.
Random Flutter of Multi-Stable Airfoils Excited Parametrically in Steady Flows
Authors: Hao Y. , Wu Z. Q. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, random flutter of multi-stable airfoils in steady flow is investigated by means of the analytical method for stochastic P-bifurcation, where the effect of the stochastic disturbance in the generalized flow speed on the airfoils is considered. The results show that under constant stochastic disturbance intensity, the coherence resonance could be induced by the variation of generalized flow speed. In addition, if the generalized flow speed keeps unchanged and its stochastic disturbance is sufficiently large, the response of the system will tend to be a stable equilibrium. It indicates that the parametric stochastic disturbance is effective to maintain system stability. Moreover, it is shown in this paper that the analytical method for stochastic P-bifurcation can be extended to study stochastic P-bifurcations in other high-dimensional systems.
The greatest hits of all time: the histories of dominant genera in the fossil record
Authors: Plotnick Roy E. , Wagner Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCertain taxa are noticeably common within collections, widely distributed, and frequently long-lived. We have examined these dominant genera as compared with rarer genera, with a focus on their temporal histories. Using occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, we determined which genera belonging to six target groups ranked among the most common within each of 49 temporal bins based on occurrences. The turnover among these dominant taxa from bin to bin was then determined for each of these groups, and all six groups when pooled. Although dominant genera are only a small fraction of all genera, the patterns of turnover mimic those seen in much larger compilations of total biodiversity. We also found that differences in patterns of turnover at the top ranks among the higher taxa reflect previously documented comparison of overall turnover among these classes. Both dominant and nondominant genera exhibit, on average, symmetrical patterns of rise and fall between first and last appearances. Dominant genera rarely begin at high ranks, but nevertheless tend to be more common when they first appear than nondominant genera. Moreover, dominant genera rarely are in the top 20 when they last appear, but still typically occupy more localities than nondominant genera occupy in their last interval. The mechanism(s) that produce dominant genera remain unclear. Nearly half of dominant genera are the type genus of a family or subfamily. This is consistent with a simple model of morphological and phylogenetic diversification and sampling.