bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Oral Anti-Coagulation in Patients with Heart Failure—Insights from the ThrombEVAL Study
Authors: Göbel Sebastian , Prochaska Jürgen , Eggebrecht Lisa , Schmitz Ronja , Jünger Claus , Lamparter Heidrun , Nagler Markus , Keller Karsten , Coldewey Meike , Tröbs Sven-Oliver , Diestelmeier Simon , Schwuchow-Thonke Sören , Bickel Christoph , Lauterbach Michael , Lackner Karl , Cate Hugo , Münzel Thomas , Hardt Roland , Wild Philipp 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPatients with heart failure (HF) are frequently anti-coagulated with vitamin K-antagonists (VKAs). The use of long-acting VKA may be preferable for HF patients due to higher stability of plasma concentrations. However, evidence on phenprocoumon-based oral anti-coagulation (OAC) therapy in HF is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the presence of HF on quality of phenprocoumon-based OAC and the subsequent clinical outcome. Quality of OAC therapy and the incidence of adverse events were analysed in a cohort of regular care (n = 2,011) from the multi-centre thrombEVAL study program (NCT01809015) stratified by the presence of HF. To assess the modifiability of outcome, results were compared with data from individuals receiving specialized care for anti-coagulation (n = 760). Overall, the sample comprised of 813 individuals with HF and 1,160 subjects without HF in the regular care cohort. Quality of OAC assessed by time in therapeutic range (TTR) was 66.1% (47.8%/82.8%) for patients with HF and 70.6% (52.1%/85.9%) for those without HF (p = 0.0046). Stratification for New York Heart Classification (NYHA)-class demonstrated a lower TTR with higher NYHA classes: TTRNYHA-I 69.6% (49.4%/85.6%), TTRNYHA-II 66.5% (50.1%/82.9%) and TTRNYHA-≥III 61.8% (43.1%/79.9%). This translated into a worse net clinical benefit outcome for HF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.63 [1.31/2.02]; p < 0.0001) and an increased risk of bleeding (HR 1.40 [1.04/1.89]; p = 0.028). Management in a specialized coagulation service resulted in an improvement of all, TTR (∆+12.5% points), anti-coagulation-specific and non-specific outcome of HF individuals. In conclusion, HF is an independent risk factor for low quality of OAC therapy translating into an increased risk for adverse events, which can be mitigated by specialized care.
Pediatric Insomnia: Update and Future Directions
Authors: Medalie Lisa , Gozal David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThroughout their childhood, pediatric insomnia impacts approximately 25% of all children in the general population. Although it can occur as an isolated condition, it commonly associates with other comorbidities, such as autism, developmental delay, and psychiatric disorders. Careful and detailed history is essential, and sleep logs and actigraphy are useful tools in the assessment and diagnosis of pediatric insomnia. However, polysomnography is usually not warranted in the assessment of pediatric insomnia unless underlying medically-based sleep symptoms are concurrently identified and justify such test. In the majority of cases, behavioral interventions are the recommended approach for treatment. Despite the fact that many pharmacological approaches are used for child insomnia off-label, there are currently no FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved medications for the management of pediatric insomnia. The high prevalence of pediatric insomnia, coupled with the low number of providers, who are formally trained in behavioral treatment for this prevalent condition, highlights the urgent need for improving primary care practitioner awareness, while expanding alternative routes to access to care, such as interactive virtual technology-based treatments, parent education and manuals, along with ongoing efforts to increase professional training opportunities.
A novel method of producing the pharmaceutical intermediate (R)-2-chloromandelic acid by bioconversion
Authors: Yamamura Ei-Tora , Kita Shinji 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
(R)-2-Chloromandelic acid (R­CM) is one of the chiral building blocks used in the pharmaceutical industry. As a result of screening for microorganisms that asymmetrically hydrolyze racemic 2­chloromandelic acid methyl ester (CMM), Exophiala dermatitidis NBRC6857 was found to produce R­CM at optical purity of 97% ee. The esterase that produces R­CM, EstE, was purified from E. dermatitidis NBRC6857, and the optimal temperature and pH of EstE were 30°C and 7.0, respectively. The estE gene that encodes EstE was isolated and overexpressed in Escherichia coli JM109. The activity of recombinant E. coli JM109 cells overexpressing estE was 553 times higher than that of E. dermatitidis NBRC6857. R­CM was produced at conversion rate of 49% and at optical purity of 97% ee from 10% CMM with 0.45 mg-dry-cell/L recombinant E. coli JM109 cells. Based on these findings, R­CM production by bioconversion of CMM may be of interest for future industrial applications.
BatchI: Batch effect Identification in high-throughput screening data using a dynamic programming algorithm
Authors: Papiez Anna , Marczyk Michal , Polanska Joanna , Polanski Andrzej 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
In contemporary biological experiments, bias, which interferes with the measurements, requires attentive processing. Important sources of bias in high-throughput biological experiments are batch effects and diverse methods towards removal of batch effects have been established. These include various normalization techniques, yet many require knowledge on the number of batches and assignment of samples to batches. Only few can deal with the problem of identification of batch effect of unknown structure. For this reason, an original batch identification algorithm through dynamical programming is introduced for omics data that may be sorted on a timescale.

Results
BatchI algorithm is based on partitioning a series of high-throughput experiment samples into sub-series corresponding to estimated batches. The dynamic programming method is used for splitting data with maximal dispersion between batches, while maintaining minimal within batch dispersion. The procedure has been tested on a number of available datasets with and without prior information about batch partitioning. Datasets with a priori identified batches have been split accordingly, measured with weighted average Dice Index. Batch effect correction is justified by higher intra-group correlation. In the blank datasets, identified batch divisions lead to improvement of parameters and quality of biological information, shown by literature study and Information Content. The outcome of the algorithm serves as a starting point for correction methods. It has been demonstrated that omitting the essential step of batch effect control may lead to waste of valuable potential discoveries.

Availability and implementation
The implementation is available within the BatchI R package at http://zaed.aei.polsl.pl/index.php/pl/111-software.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pilot testing of an online training module about screening for acute HIV infection in adult patients seeking urgent healthcare
Authors: Rafferty Hannah , Chirro Oscar , Oduor Clifford , Wahome Elizabeth , Ngoi Caroline , van der Elst Elise , Berger René , Rowland-Jones Sarah , Graham Susan M , Sanders Eduard J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Acute HIV infection (AHI) is the phase of HIV infection immediately after acquisition, during which many patients develop symptoms and often seek healthcare. However, clinicians in sub-Saharan Africa are not currently taught about AHI.

Methods
This study pilot-tested a self-directed AHI training module among clinical officers (COs) in coastal Kenya and assessed knowledge gained and challenges to instituting screening. The training module included four domains: AHI definition and importance of AHI recognition; symptoms and screening algorithms; diagnostic strategies; and management. AHI knowledge was assessed before and immediately after training. Participants’ ability to utilize an AHI screening algorithm was evaluated with a case-based exercise.

Results
Self-directed training was completed by 45 COs. Pre-test scores were low (median score 35% IQR 30–45%), but improved significantly after training (median post-test score 75%, IQR 70–85%, Wilcoxon signed-rank test p&lt;0.0001). Participants had challenges in understanding the utility and application of a screening algorithm to identify patients for whom AHI testing would be indicated. Knowledge of AHI was poor at baseline, but improved with self-directed learning. Based on these findings, we revised and improved the AHI training module and pre- and post-assessments, which are now freely available online at www.marps-africa.org.

Conclusions
Guidelines on AHI screening and diagnosis are urgently needed in high HIV transmission areas.
A population approach using cholesterol imputation to identify adults with high cardiovascular risk: a report from AHRQ’s EvidenceNow initiative
Authors: Cykert Samuel , DeWalt Darren A , Weiner Bryan J , Pignone Michael , Fine Jason , Kim Jung In 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjective: Large practice networks have access to EHR data that can be used to drive important improvements in population health. However, missing data often limit improvement efforts. Our goal was to determine the proportion of patients in a cohort of small primary care practices who lacked cholesterol data to calculate ASCVD risk scores and then gauge the extent that imputation can accurately identify individuals already at high risk. 219 practices enrolled. Patients between the ages of 40 and 79 years qualified for risk calculation. For patients who lacked cholesterol data, we measured the effect of employing a conservative estimation strategy using a total cholesterol of 170 mg/dl and HDL-cholesterol of 50 mg/dl in the ASCVD risk equation to identify patients with ≥ 10%, 10-year ASCVD risk who were eligible for risk reduction interventions then compared this to a rigorous formal imputation methodology. 345 440 patients, average age 58 years, qualified for risk scores. 108 515 patients were missing cholesterol information. Using the “good value” estimation methodology, 40 565 had risk scores ≥ 10% compared to 43 205 using formal imputation. However, the latter strategy yielded a lower specificity and higher false positive rate. Estimates using either strategy achieved ASCVD risk stratification quickly and accurately identified high risk patients who could benefit from intervention.
Midturbinate Swabs Are Comparable to Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Quantitative Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants
Authors: Blaschke Anne J , McKevitt Matt , Ampofo Krow , Lewis Tammi , Chai Hao , Guo Ying , Dorsch Julianna , Vanderhoof Erin , Rosen Priscilla , Freimann Volker , Korgenski E Kent , Toback Seth , Chien Jason W 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs are generally used to detect respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants. However, midturbinate (MT) swabs may provide comparable results. In this study, we enrolled hospitalized infants aged &lt;24 months with RSV and collected NP and MT swabs. The resulting viral loads measured by real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were similar. Most parents preferred MT swabs over NP swabs.
The problem of microattribution
Authors: Rizvi Pervez 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Microattribution is the name of a method which has recently started to be used in the attribution of parts of early modern plays. The method seeks to make authorship attributions by using samples of writing consisting of less than two hundred words. This article argues that the method should not be used, fundamentally because it flouts the well-founded scientific insistence on the sufficiency of sample sizes. The article considers two recent applications of the method, showing that huge amounts of evidence were overlooked which would have invalidated the conclusions drawn. Moreover, the article demonstrates that the method is biased in favour of authors with large surviving canons, such as Shakespeare, and it cannot therefore be relied upon.
How statistics and text mining can be applied to literary studies?
Authors: Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza , Abbasalizadeh Ali 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Statistics and data mining techniques provide exciting approaches for extracting knowledge from data. Recently, using statistics and data mining has sought to be exploited in many research fields. In this study, it was demonstrated that how statistics can be applied to literary studies. First, all the lines in Khaghani’s divan are classified and coded into three categories (mystical, non-mystical, and borderline). Then a set of chi-square goodness-of-fit tests are used to investigate and compare the frequency of different line’s categories for all lines and all odes, separately. Finally, the chi-square independence test (crosstabs) is employed to investigate the existence of trend in the lines.
Dual Users Compared to Smokers: Demographics, Dependence, and Biomarkers
Authors: Piper Megan E , Baker Timothy B , Benowitz Neal L , Kobinsky Kate H , Jorenby Douglas E 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
The availability of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has profoundly changed the tobacco product landscape. In the United States, almost 6 million adults use both combustible and e-cigarettes (ie, dual users). The goal of this study was to understand how smokers and dual users differ in terms of demographics, cigarette dependence, and exposure to carcinogens.

Methods
An observational cohort (smokers, n = 166, ≥5 cigarettes/day for 6 months and no e-cigarette use in 3 months; dual users, n = 256, smoked daily for 3 months and used e-cigarettes at least once/week for the past 3 months) completed baseline assessments of demographics, tobacco use, and dependence. They also provided breath samples for carbon monoxide (CO) assay and urine samples for cotinine, 3-hydroxycotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) assays.

Results
Compared to smokers, dual users (mean e-cigarette use = 5.5 days/week [SD = 1.9]) were significantly younger and more likely to be white, have more education, report a history of psychiatric co-morbidity, and smoke fewer cigarettes per day. There were no differences in CO, cotinine, or 3-hydroxycotinine levels; however, dual users had significantly lower levels of NNAL than did smokers. Most smokers and dual users had no plans to quit smoking within the next year; 91% of dual users planned to continue using e-cigarettes for at least the next year.

Conclusions
In this community sample, dual users are supplementing their smoking with e-cigarette use. Dual users, versus smokers, smoked fewer cigarettes per day and delayed their first cigarette of the day, but did not differ in quitting intentions.

Implications
This comparison of a community sample of established dual users and exclusive smokers addresses key questions of dependence and health risks of dual use in real-world settings. Dual users were more likely to be white, younger, have more than a high school education and have a psychiatric history. Dual users also smoked significantly fewer cigarettes and had lower levels of NNAL (a carcinogen), but they did not differ from exclusive smokers in CO or cotinine levels, suggesting that they supplemented their nicotine intake via e-cigarettes.
Policy Change Is Not Enough: Engaging Provider Champions on Immediate Postpartum Contraception
Authors: Okoroh Ekwutosi M. , Kane Debra J. , Gee Rebekah E. , Kieltyka Lyn , Frederiksen Brittni N. , Baca Katharyn M. , Rankin Kristin M. , Goodman David A. , Kroelinger Charlan D. , Barfield Wanda D. 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218(6):590.e1–590.e7)
Short-interval pregnancies (<18 months apart) contribute to poor maternal and infant outcomes in the United States. Unintended pregnancies are twice as likely to be short-interval pregnancies as intended pregnancies.
Age-Associated Dysregulation of Protein Metabolism in the Mammalian Oocyte
Authors: Duncan Francesca E. , Jasti Susmita , Paulson Ariel , Kelsh John M. , Fegley Barbara , Gerton Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from Aging Cell 2017;16:1381–1393)
The growing oocyte is one of the most translationally active cells in the body and must accumulate high-quality, maternally derived proteins to support subsequent embryo development. Women of advanced reproductive age are at increased risk of infertility, miscarriages, and birth defects because of a marked decline in oocyte quality.
Cost-effectiveness of Diagnostic Testing Strategies Including Cervical-Length Measurement and Fibronectin Testing in Women With Symptoms of Preterm Labor
Authors: van Baaren G.-J. , Vis J. Y. , Wilms F. F. , Oudijk M. A. , Kwee A. , Porath M. M. , Scheepers H. C. J. , Spaanderman M. E. A. , Bloemenkamp K. W. M. , Haak M. C. , Bax C. J. , Cornette J. M. J. , Duvekot J. J. , Nij Bijvanck B. W. A. , van Eyck J. , Franssen M. T. M. , Sollie K. M. , Vandenbussche F. P. H. A. , Woiski M. , Bolte A. C. , van der Post J. A. M. , Bossuyt P. M. M. , Opmeer B. C. , Mol B. W. J. 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018;51:596–603)
In this study, the authors sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of combining cervical length (CL) measurement and fetal fibronectin (fFN) testing in women with symptoms of preterm labor between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation.
Prospective Cohort Study for Identification of Underlying Genetic Causes in Neonatal Encephalopathy Using Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Bruun Theodora U. J. , DesRoches Caro-Lyne , Wilson Diane , Chau Vann , Nakagawa Tadashi , Yamasaki Masahiro , Hasegawa Shinya , Fukao Toshiyuki , Marshall Christian , Mercimek-Andrews Saadet 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from Genet Med 2018;20(5):486–494)
This study sought to identify underlying genetic defects in newborns with neonatal encephalopathy by applying whole-exome sequencing (WES) in term newborns with neonatal encephalopathy as a prospective cohort study.
Advancing Prenatal Detection of Congenital Heart Disease: A Novel Screening Protocol Improves Early Diagnosis of Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Letourneau Karen M. , Horne David , Soni Reeni N. , McDonald Keith R. , Karlicki Fern C. , Fransoo Randy R. 
Published: October 2018

(Abstracted from J Ultrasound Med 2018;37:1073–1079)
In this study, the authors report on a project designed to improve the prenatal detection of complex congenital heart disease (CHD) with implementation of a specific routine prenatal screening protocol, finding that implementing this protocol can vastly improve detection rates of critical cardiac abnormalities.
Effect of Postablation Statin Treatment on Arrhythmia Recurrence in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Giannopoulos Georgios , Vrachatis Dimitrios , Kossyvakis Charalampos , Angelidis Christos , Koutivas Athanasios , Tsitsinakis Georgios , Zacharoulis Achilleas , Kolokathis Fotios , Palaiologos Dimitrios , Vavuranakis Manolis , Deftereos Spyridon 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Statins have been proposed as a means to prevent postablation atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences, mainly on the basis of their pleiotropic effects. The objective of this subanalysis of a prospectively randomized controlled study population of patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal AF was to test the hypothesis that statin treatment is associated with longer time to recurrence.

Methods and Results:
This is a subanalysis over an extended follow-up period of a prospective randomized study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01791699). Among 291 patients, 2 propensity score–matched subgroups of patients who received or did not receive statins after pulmonary vein isolation were created. In the unmatched cohort, there was no difference in the rate of recurrence between statin-treated and not treated patients, with a 1-year recurrence estimate of 19% and 23%, respectively (Gehan statistic 0.59, P = 0.443). In the propensity-matched cohort (N = 166, 83 per group), recurrence-free survival did not differ significantly between groups (839 days, 95% confidence interval 755–922 days, in the no statin group vs. 904 days, 95% confidence interval 826–983 in the statin group; P = 0.301). The 1-year recurrence rate estimate was 30% in the no statin group versus 27% in the statin group (Gehan statistic 0.56, P = 0.455).

Conclusion:
Statin treatment does not seem to affect AF recurrence in following radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal AF, over a follow-up time of about 2.5 years.
Blink Restoration in Long-standing Facial Paralysis: Use of Free Neurovascular Platysma Transfer
Authors: Guelinckx Paul J. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Since 2004, microneurovascular platysma transfer has been used for dynamic eye closure in long-standing facial palsy. The idea was initially presented by Lee and Terzis in 1984 but abandoned owing to its transfer difficulty. This muscle transfer allows forceful closure and blink restoration.

Methods:
This study included 24 patients operated between 2004 and 2014 for long-standing facial palsy. In the first step of the procedure, a cross-facial nerve graft was employed to transfer the motor nerve fibers from the normal side to the paralyzed side responsible for eye closure. Simultaneously, a dynamic reanimation of the mouth was conducted. After 9 months, a 4 × 9-cm platysma was transferred on its neurovascular pedicle. Revascularization was performed on the temporal vessels. Nerve coaptation between the cross-facial nerve graft and motor nerve of the platysma was also performed.

Results:
Twenty-one (88%) newly reconstructed orbicularis oculis displayed a good to excellent function. In 62% of the patients, a natural appearance and closure of the previously paralyzed eye and a return of spontaneous blinking were observed.

Conclusions:
Compared with classical techniques (eg, gold weight implantation and temporalis transfer), platysma transfer is the only feasible method of restoring eye closure because of its special architecture and fiber-type distribution.
Enhancing Test Statistics by Utilizing Data Patterns in Sequential Measurement Strings in Radiation Detection
Authors: Brogan J. , Brandl A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Operational health physics applications, such as radiological and nuclear monitoring and detection for homeland security or radiation protection purposes, generate time sequences of independent individual measurement data. Statistical algorithms have been developed that utilize the analysis of patterns in data strings to enhance the test statistic for the decision on the absence or presence of a radiological source. Theoretical expectations have been verified in laboratory measurements for various lengths of data strings. Null hypothesis test performance and source detection efficacy have been shown to improve compared to the traditional method of achieving a detection decision by the comparison of a measured value to a fixed decision threshold.
Bayesian Analysis of Plutonium Bioassay Data at Los Alamos National Laboratory
Authors: Poudel Deepesh , Miller Guthrie , Klumpp John A. , Bertelli Luiz , Waters Tom L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The main concern of operational internal dosimetry is to detect intakes and estimate doses to the worker from a series of bioassay measurements. Although several methods are available, the inverse problem of internal dosimetry—i.e., determination of time, amount, and types of intake given a set of bioassay data—is well suited to a Bayesian approach. This paper summarizes the Bayesian methodology used at Los Alamos National Laboratory to detect intakes and estimate doses from plutonium bioassay measurements. Some advantages and disadvantages of the method are also discussed. The successful application of Bayesian methods for several years at Los Alamos National Laboratory, which monitors thousands of workers annually for plutonium, indicates that the methods can be extended to other facilities.