bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin fiducial markers enable accurate computerized navigation resection of simulated soft tissue tumors: A static cadaveric model pilot study
Authors: Eccles Christian , Whitaker John , Nyland John , Roberts Craig , Carlson Jon , Zamora Rodolfo 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThis static cadaveric model pilot study evaluated the agreement between planned and resected margins of simulated soft tissue tumors (SSTT) using skin fiducial markers for computerized navigation registration.MethodsMarkers were applied before magnetic resonance imaging scans of lower extremities implanted with SSTT. A navigation pointer was used for registration and to guide SSTT resection with approximately 10 mm planned margins. Digital calipers were used to measure resection margins. Kolmogorov‐Smirnov tests were used to confirm measurement normality. A one‐sample t test was used to determine measurement group differences (P ≤ 0.05). Bland‐Altman analysis and histogram plots compared planned and resected margins.ResultsNinety‐eight resection margins were measured. The planned margin mean was 10.0 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.8‐10.2 mm) and the resected margin mean was 11.5 mm (95% CI = 11.0‐12.1 mm). One‐sample t test results identified a 0.75 mm, 95% CI = 0.5‐0.99 mm difference (P < 0.001). Good measurement agreement was observed with 94.9% (93/98) of resections occurring within two standard deviations of the mean measurement difference.ConclusionsSkin fiducial marker use for computerized navigation system registration displayed promising results. With further research, these markers may become an effective, noninvasive method for aiding in soft tissue tumor resection.
Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis using ultrasound radiofrequency data technology in patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Kaplanoglu Hatice , Özişler Cem 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe present study aims to identify the cardiovascular risk associated with chronic inflammation and disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using noninvasive ultrasonographic radiofrequency data technology.MethodsIn this study, a total of 87 participants, 38 patients with AS and 49 healthy controls, were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. Intima‐media thickness (IMT) and arterial stiffness were measured from the bilateral common carotid artery using the radiofrequency method.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found between the AS patients and healthy controls concerning the right common carotid artery, left common carotid artery, IMT, distensibility coefficient, elasticity coefficient, α and β stiffness indexes, and pulse wave velocities (P > .05). The symptom duration of the AS patients had a positive correlation that was moderate and was detected with the α stiffness index and pulse wave velocity (P < .05). The duration of diagnosis and treatment of the AS patients had a positive correlation that was moderate, was detected with the α stiffness index, the β stiffness index, and pulse wave velocity (P < .05). The mean IMT and elasticity coefficient values of the AS patients whose Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score was 4 and above, were substantially higher than the values in the patients with scores lower than 4 (P = .038 and P = .33, respectively).ConclusionsSubclinical atherosclerosis is not accelerated in AS patients with low disease activity, although insufficiently controlled disease activity may result in increased carotid IMT and atheromatosis. Radiofrequency data technology provides a noninvasive method for accurately and quantitatively demonstrating CCA‐IMT elevation and the decrease in vascular elasticity in patients with AS.
Perforating vessel as an alternative option of a recipient selection for posterior trunk‐free flap reconstruction
Authors: Lee Yoon Jae , Baek Seung Eun , Lee Junho , Oh Deuk Young , Rhie Jong Won , Moon Suk‐Ho 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe reconstruction of complex defects in the posterior trunk is a challenging problem. Various surgical methods using local flap, propeller flap, and muscle flap have been reported. However, in case where a free flap is inevitable, due to the absence of usable recipient vessels, eventually it may fail to perform or the use of long vessel graft is mandatory. To overcome this problem, we investigated use of perforator as recipient vessel in posterior trunk region and here we report satisfactory outcomes of the cases.Patients and MethodsEighteen cases with posterior trunk defects underwent reconstruction surgeries using various free flaps. Perforating vessels, from either the base or margin of the defect, were evaluated by preoperative computed tomography and hand‐held Doppler. During the dissection, preoperatively marked perforators, with visual healthy pulsation and appropriate diameter for anastomosis, were selected and used for a recipient vessel for free flap.ResultsPerforating vessels from the posterior trunk (0.8–1.3 mm in diameter) were used as recipient vessels and the average size of the defect was 85.2 cm2. In all cases, one artery and vein was used for anastomosis. No flap necrosis occurred. Hematoma developed in one case and partial wound disruption developed in 2 cases.ConclusionSurgical method using perforators as recipients for free flap reconstruction can be one of a good treatment option for posterior trunk reconstruction. We think that microsurgeons need not to hesitate when they use perforating vessel as a recipient vessel.
A dual‐tuned13C/1H head coil forPET/MRhybrid neuroimaging: Development, attenuation correction, and first evaluation
Authors: Oehmigen Mark , Lindemann Maike E. , Gratz Marcel , Neji Radhouene , Hammers Alexander , Sauer Michael , Lanz Titus , Quick Harald H. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThis study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate a dual‐tuned13C/1H head coil for integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) neuroimaging. The radiofrequency (RF) head coil is designed for optimizedMRimaging performance andPETtransparency and attenuation correction (AC) is applied for accuratePETquantification.Material and MethodsA dual‐tuned13C/1HRFhead coil featuring a 16‐rung birdcage was designed to be used for integratedPET/MRhybrid imaging. While the open birdcage design can be considered inherentlyPETtransparent, all further electronicRFcomponents were placed as far as possible outside of the field‐of‐view (FOV) of thePETdetectors. TheRFcoil features a rigid geometry and thin‐walled casing. Attenuation correction of theRFhead coil is performed by generating and applying a dedicated 3DCT‐based template attenuation map (μmap). Attenuation correction was systematically evaluated in phantom experiments using a large‐volume cylindrical emission phantom filled with 18‐F‐Fluordesoxyglucose (FDG) radiotracer. ThePET/MRimaging performance andPETattenuation correction were then evaluated in a patient study including six patients.ResultsThe dual‐tunedRFhead coil causes a mean relative attenuation difference of 8.8% across the volume of the cylindrical phantom, while the local relative differences range between 1% and 25%. Applying attenuation correction, the relative difference between the two measurements with and withoutRFcoil is reduced to mean value of 0.5%, with local differences of ±3.6%. The quantitative results of the phantom measurements were corroborated by patientPET/MRmeasurements. Patient scans using theRFhead coil show a decrease ofPETsignal of 5.17% ± 0.81% when compared to the setup withoutRFhead coil in place, which served as a reference scan. When applying attenuation correction of theRFcoil in the patient measurements, the mean difference to a measurement withoutRFcoil was reduced to −0.87% ± 0.65%.ConclusionA dual‐tuned13C/1HRFhead coil was designed and evaluated regarding its potential use in integratedPET/MRhybrid imaging. Attenuation correction was successfully applied. In conclusion, theRFhead coil was successfully integrated intoPET/MRhybrid imaging and can now be used for13C/1H multinuclear hybrid neuroimaging in future studies.
Pancreatic perfusion and arterial‐transit‐time quantification using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling at 3T
Authors: Taso Manuel , Guidon Arnaud , Zhao Li , Mortele Koenraad J. , Alsop David C. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of noninvasively measuring pancreatic perfusion using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) and to derive quantitative blood‐flow and transit‐time measurements in healthy volunteers.MethodsA pseudocontinuous ASL sequence with background suppression and a single‐slice single‐shot fast‐spin‐echo readout was acquired at 3 T in 10 subjects with a single standard postlabeling delay (PLD) of 1.5 s and in 4 additional subjects with 4 PLD from 0.7 to 2 s. An imaging synchronized breathing approach was used to minimize motion artifacts during the 3 min of acquisition. Scan‐rescan reproducibility was assessed in 3 volunteers with single‐delay ASL. Quantitative blood flow and arterial transit time (ATT) were derived and the impact of ATT correction was studied using either subject‐specific ATT in the second group or an average ATT derived from the group with multidelay ASL for subjects with single‐delay ASL.ResultsSuccessful ASL acquisitions were performed in all volunteers. An average pancreatic blood flow of 201 ± 40 mL/100 g/min was measured in the single‐delay group using an assumed ATT of 750 ms Average ATT measured in the multidelay group was 1029 ± 89 ms Using the longer, measured ATT reduced the measured flow to 162 ± 12 and 168 ± 28 mL/100 g/min with subject‐specific or average ATT correction, respectively. ASL signal heterogeneities were observed at shorter PLD, potentially linked to its complex vascular supply and islet distribution.ConclusionsASL enables reliable measurement of pancreatic perfusion in healthy volunteers. It presents a valuable alternative to contrast‐enhanced methods and may be useful for diagnosis and characterization of several inflammatory, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases affecting the pancreas.
The dual‐mode dipole: A new array element for 7T body imaging with reduced SAR
Authors: Solomakha Georgiy , Leeuwen Carel van , Raaijmakers Alexander , Simovski Constantin , Popugaev Alexander , Abdeddaim Redha , Melchakova Irina , Glybovski Stanislav 
Published: September 2018

PurposeTo design and test an RF‐coil based on two orthogonal eigenmodes in a pair of coupled dipoles, for 7 Tesla body imaging with improved SAR, called dual‐mode dipole.MethodsThe proposed coil consists of two dipoles and creates two orthogonal field distributions in a sample (the even and odd modes). A coupler used to excite the modes was miniaturized with the conductor track routing technique. Numerical simulations of the dual‐mode dipole in the presence of a homogeneous phantom were performed. Moreover, an array of such coils was simulated with a voxel body model. For comparison, a fractionated dipole combined with a surface loop coil was also simulated. Both coils were tested in a 7 Tesla MRI system on a phantom. Subsequently four dual‐mode dipoles or dipole/loop combinations were used for a comparison of imaging performance in a human volunteer.ResultsUsing the even mode of the dual‐mode dipole showed 70% SAR reduction in comparison to the fractionated dipole while having the same in the prostate region. The odd mode of the dual‐mode dipole showed a performance comparable to the surface loop both for SAR and B1 efficiency. The obtained results showed that the proposed coil while creating lower SAR gave images of the same quality as the reference coil.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that the array of dual‐mode dipoles provided the same SNR and prostate imaging quality as the reference array, while demonstrating lower SAR. This is due to a smoother current distribution over a sample surface.
Electronic and Geometric Structures of Paramagnetic Diazadiene Complexes of Lithium and Sodium
Authors: Haeri Haleh H. , Duraisamy Ramesh , Harmgarth Nicole , Liebing Phil , Lorenz Volker , Hinderberger Dariush , Edelmann Frank. T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe electronic and molecular structures of the lithium and sodium complexes of 1,4‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diazabutadiene (Me2DADDipp) were fully characterized by using a multi‐frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy approach and crystallography, together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. EPR measurements, using T1 relaxation‐time‐filtered pulse EPR spectroscopy, revealed the diagonal elements of the A and g tensors for the metal and ligand sites. It was found that the central metals in the lithium complexes had sizable contributions to the SOMO, whereas this contribution was less strongly observed for the sodium complex. Such strong contributions were attributed to structural specifications (e.g. geometrical data and atomic size) rather than electronic effects.
Modellierung von Hochspannungsstahlgittermasten mit nachträglich ergänzten Zusatzeckstielen
Authors: Mix Matthias , Yazici Fatih 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEs gibt verschiedene Gründe, Hochspannungsstahlgittermaste zu verstärken. Einerseits müssen gelegentlich verminderte Beanspruchbarkeiten kompensiert werden. Andererseits können vergrößerte Beanspruchungen aufgrund vergrößerter Leiterseilquerschnitte, zusätzlich aufgelegter Leiterseile oder die Kenntnis erhöhter klimatischer Beanspruchungen eine Verstärkung erfordern. Während Diagonalstäbe ausgebaut und durch Stäbe mit größerem Querschnitt ersetzt werden können, ist bei unzulässig hoch ausgenutzten Eckstielen oft nur die Montage parallel zum vorhandenen Eckstiel verlaufender Zusatzeckstiele möglich. Die Bestimmung der Schnittkräfte im zu entlastenden Eckstiel und im Zusatzeckstiel ist eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Eine Überschätzung des Entlastungseffektes des Zusatzeckstiels könnte für den vorhandenen Eckstiel zu einem Nachweis mit zulässiger Ausnutzung führen, obwohl mit tatsächlich höherer Stabkraft der Nachweis nicht gelänge. Bei der Schnittkraftermittlung zu berücksichtigende Aspekte sind die Außermitte des Zusatzeckstiels gegenüber dem vorhandenen Eckstiel, die Montage des belastungsfreien Zusatzeckstiels am bereits teilweise belasteten Eckstiel und außerdem, ob der Zusatzeckstiel eine Verankerung im Fundament erhält oder oberhalb der Fundamentoberkante mit einem Koppelelement zum vorhandenen Eckstiel endet. Die genannten Aspekte wurden modellstatisch an einem 1:1‐Modell untersucht. Der Einfluss der Verbindungsmittelart, mit welcher der Zusatzeckstiel am vorhandenen Eckstiel angeschlossen ist, wurde in weiteren Experimenten untersucht. Dieser Bericht beschreibt die Versuchsdurchführung und die Messergebnisse und entwickelt daraus ein Rechenmodell für die Schnittkraftermittlung am mit einem Zusatzeckstiel verstärkten Mast.
Efficient Conversion of Carbon Dioxide with Si‐Based Reducing Agents Catalyzed by Metal Complexes and Salts
Authors: Motokura Ken , Pramudita Ria Ayu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHomogeneous metal complex and salt catalysts were developed for the reductive transformation of CO2 with Si‐based reducing agents. Cu‐bisphosphine complexes were found to be excellent catalysts for the hydrosilylation of CO2 with polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS). The Cu complexes also showed high catalytic activity and a wide substrate scope for formamide synthesis from amines, CO2, and PMHS. Simple fluoride salts such as tetrabutylammonium fluoride acted as good catalysts for the reductive conversion of CO2 to formic acid in the presence of hydrosilane, disilane, and metallic Si. Based on the kinetics, isotopic experiments, and in‐situ NMR measurements, the reaction mechanism for both catalyst systems, the Cu complex and the fluoride salt, have been proposed.
Design and Catalytic Application of Functional Porous Organic Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Enjamuri Nagasuresh , Sarkar Santu , Reddy Benjaram M. , Mondal John 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis review article encompasses the progress and conventional overview of current research activities of porous organic polymers (POPs), especially in catalysis, as they have garnered colossal interest in the scientific fraternity due to their intriguing characteristic features. Various synthetic strategies with possible modification of functionality of POPs have been used to improve the catalytic efficiency towards value‐added chemicals production. Accordingly, this review article is mainly focused on the design, development of various functionalized POPs by employing Friedel‐Crafts alkylation, FeCl3 assisted oxidative polymerisation and polymerisation in nonaqueous medium, and a comprehensive understanding in potential catalytic applications namely, acetalization, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), hydrogenation, coupling, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and biomass conversion towards the production of value‐added chemicals in biodiesel and chemical industries.
Development and evaluation of the organic chemistry‐specific achievement emotions questionnaire (AEQ‐OCHEM)
Authors: Raker Jeffrey R. , Gibbons Rebecca E. , Cruz‐Ramírez de Arellano Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAffect is associated with success and persistence in STEM courses and degree programs. Measurement tools that produce valid and reliable data are essential to capturing the impact of evidenced‐based instructional practices and reformed curricula on learning. We report the development of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire for use in postsecondary organic chemistry courses (AEQ‐OCHEM). Instrument development was based on the control‐value theory of achievement emotions and included a revision of the seminal Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) used to measure institutional‐level learning. A thorough psychometric evaluation of the AEQ‐OCHEM was conducted including alternative measurement models and an extensive investigation of the nomological framework. All AEQ‐OCHEM subscales were determined to be coherent and distinct. Implications for future research using the AEQ‐OCHEM are offered. A call for the development of more discipline‐ and course‐based instruments is made. Finally, tools that measure achievement emotions in the context of instructional laboratories and undergraduate research are needed for more robust considerations of affect in STEM contexts.
Wind tunnel quantification of dynamic stall on an S817 airfoil and its control using synthetic jet actuators
Authors: Rice Thomas T. , Taylor Keith , Amitay Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWind tunnel experiments were performed to quantify the aerodynamic characteristics of the S817 airfoil in dynamic stall conditions, and the subsequent application of active flow control to modify the manner by which dynamic stall incepts. Both quasi‐2D and cantilevered finite span configurations were tested. Surface pressure, six‐component force‐torque sensor, and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) were used to quantify the baseline flow and the benefits of actuating synthetic jets (installed at x/c = 0.35, angled 45° into the flow, and at a momentum coefficient Cμ  =  0.012). The airfoil was pitched at reduced frequencies of kf = 0.025 and 0.05 and at shallow and deep stall. Vortex induced lift from dynamic stall was observed and was eliminated by the use of synthetic jets for nearly all conditions; pitching moment deviation was also observed to be significant, and was eliminated at shallow stall and significantly reduced during deep dynamic stall when the synthetic jets were actuated. Moreover, the activation of synthetic jets resulted in significant reduction in the hysteresis (area within the pitching up and pitching down load history) of the lift and pitching moment through all experimental conditions, as much as 41% and 85%, respectively. SPIV flow fields in shallow dynamic stall demonstrated that actuation of synthetic jets confined the separated region to the trailing edge, in both the instantaneous and time averaged sense. To further reduce the lift and pitching moment hysteresis at high angles of attack, a pulse modulation technique was used and showed a marked increase in synthetic jet performance compared with the continuously actuated case and achieved this result with approximately 65% less power consumption.
Transcriptomic and proteomic changes from medium supplementation and strain evolution in high-yielding Clostridium thermocellum strains
Authors: Papanek Beth , O’Dell Kaela B , Manga Punita , Giannone Richard J , Klingeman Dawn M , Hettich Robert L , Brown Steven D , Guss Adam M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Clostridium thermocellum is a potentially useful organism for the production of lignocellulosic biofuels because of its ability to directly deconstruct cellulose and convert it into ethanol. Previously engineered C. thermocellum strains have achieved higher yields and titers of ethanol. These strains often initially grow more poorly than the wild type. Adaptive laboratory evolution and medium supplementation have been used to improve growth, but the mechanism(s) by which growth improves remain(s) unclear. Here, we studied (1) wild-type C. thermocellum, (2) the slow-growing and high-ethanol-yielding mutant AG553, and (3) the faster-growing evolved mutant AG601, each grown with and without added formate. We used a combination of transcriptomics and proteomics to understand the physiological impact of the metabolic engineering, evolution, and medium supplementation. Medium supplementation with formate improved growth in both AG553 and AG601. Expression of C1 metabolism genes varied with formate addition, supporting the hypothesis that the primary benefit of added formate is the supply of C1 units for biosynthesis. Expression of stress response genes such as those involved in the sporulation cascade was dramatically over-represented in AG553, even after the addition of formate, suggesting that the source of the stress may be other issues such as redox imbalances. The sporulation response is absent in evolved strain AG601, suggesting that sporulation limits the growth of engineered strain AG553. A better understanding of the stress response and mechanisms of improved growth hold promise for informing rational improvement of C. thermocellum for lignocellulosic biofuel production.
End-of-life care in the Dutch medical curricula
Authors: De Bruin Josefien , Verhoef Mary-Joanne , Slaets Joris P. J. , Van Bodegom David 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Future doctors must be trained in giving appropriate care to terminal patients. In several countries, medical curricula have been reviewed for the attention devoted to end-of-life care (ELC). In the Netherlands, no formal review had been performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide an overview of the Dutch medical curricula regarding ELC.
Methods We formed a checklist based on international standards consisting of five domains of ELC education that are considered essential. Firstly, we studied the Dutch national blueprint on medical education. Secondly, using a questionnaire based on the checklist we studied the curricula of the eight medical faculties. A questionnaire was sent to all Dutch medical faculties to study the compulsory courses of the curricula. To assess the elective courses, we consulted the study guides.
Results The national blueprint included four of the five domains of ELC. None of the eight medical faculties taught all domains specifically on ELC; they were taught within other courses. Most attention was given to the domains on psychological, sociological, cultural and spiritual aspects; communication and conversational techniques; and juridical and ethical aspects. One faculty taught an elective course that included all essential aspects of the international standards.
Discussion Our study shows that ELC is currently insufficiently mentioned in the national blueprint and that none of the faculties fully integrated ELC as a part of their compulsory medical curricula.