bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of autonomic innervation of the foot in familial amyloid polyneuropathy
Authors: Zouari H. G. , Ng Wing Tin S. , Wahab A. , Damy T. , Lefaucheur J.‐P. 
Published: August 2018

Background and purposeDistal involvement of autonomic nerve fibers is critical in familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) due to transthyretin (TTR) mutation. This study compares different methods for assessing autonomic foot innervation in TTR‐FAP patients.MethodsThree groups of seven TTR‐FAP patients were included, according to disease severity: clinically asymptomatic, moderate or advanced neuropathy. The autonomic investigation included the eutectic mixture of local anesthetics test and laser Doppler flowmetry for vasomotor aspects and the Sudoscan® (measuring electrochemical skin conductance) and Neuropad® test for sudomotor aspects. Somatic innervation was assessed by performing nerve conduction studies, quantitative sensory testing [including vibration, cold and warm detection threshold (WDT) measurements] and laser evoked potentials.ResultsThe results of all neurophysiological tests varied according to TTR‐FAP severity (P ≤ 0.01, Kruskal–Wallis test), except for the eutectic mixture of local anesthetics test and laser Doppler flowmetry variables. In addition, the sudomotor tests (Sudoscan or Neuropad) or WDT measurement provided early markers of neuropathy in two of the seven asymptomatic carriers. Finally, all neurophysiological results correlated with the Neuropathy Impairment Score (r values between −0.88 and −0.66, P < 0.005, Spearman test), except the cold detection threshold.ConclusionsThe Neuropad test could be used to detect TTR‐FAP onset, but confirmation requires electrochemical skin conductance and WDT measurement. The Sudoscan technique, but not the Neuropad test (at least assessed at a fixed time point), could be valuable to follow the progression of the neuropathy. Follow‐up investigation should also include large‐fiber investigation (e.g. nerve conduction studies and vibration detection threshold). Conversely, reliable tests for assessing vasomotor disturbances in limb extremities of TTR‐FAP patients are still awaited.
Genomic screening of Fabry disease in young stroke patients: the Taiwan experience and a review of the literature
Authors: Lee T.‐H. , Yang J.‐T. , Lee J.‐D. , Chang K.‐C. , Peng T.‐I. , Chang T.‐Y. , Huang K.‐L. , Liu C.‐H. , Ryu S.‐J. , Burlina A. P. 
Published: August 2018

Background and purposeFabry disease is an X‐linked disease, and enzyme‐based screening methods are not suitable for female patients.MethodsIn total, 1000 young stroke patients (18–55 years, 661 with ischaemic stroke and 339 with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage) were recruited. The Sequenom iPLEX assay was used to detect 26 Fabry related mutation genes. The frequency of Fabry disease in young stroke was reviewed and compared between Asian and non‐Asian countries.ResultsTwo male patients with ischaemic stroke were found to have a genetic mutation of IVS4+919G>A. There was no α‐galactosidase A (GLA) gene mutation in female patients. The frequency in Asian stroke patients was 0.62% (male vs. female 0.63% vs. 0.58%) with 0.72% for ischaemic stroke and none for hemorrhagic stroke, compared to 0.88% (0.77% vs. 1.08%) with 0.83% for ischaemic stroke and 1.40% for hemorrhagic stroke reported in western countries.ConclusionIVS4+919G>A is the GLA mutation in Taiwanese young ischaemic stroke patients. Fabry disease is more frequent among non‐Asian patients compared to Asian patients.
Tundra landscape heterogeneity, not interannual variability, controls the decadal regional carbon balance in the Western Russian Arctic
Authors: Treat Claire C. , Marushchak Maija E. , Voigt Carolina , Zhang Yu , Tan Zeli , Zhuang Qianlai , Virtanen Tarmo A. , Räsänen Aleksi , Biasi Christina , Hugelius Gustaf , Kaverin Dmitry , Miller Paul A. , Stendel Martin , Romanovsky Vladimir , Rivkin Felix , Martikainen Pertti J. , Shurpali Narasinha J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAcross the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100‐km2 sub‐Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006–2015 using process‐based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO2 fluxes ranged from −300 g C m−2 year−1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m−2 year−1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH4 emissions ranged from −0.2 to 22.3 g C m−2 year−1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%–25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high‐resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost‐free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%–65% underestimation of regional CH4 flux relative to high‐resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems.
Corals sustain growth but not skeletal density across the Florida Keys Reef Tract despite ongoing warming
Authors: Rippe John P. , Baumann Justin H. , De Leener Daphne N. , Aichelman Hannah E. , Friedlander Eric B. , Davies Sarah W. , Castillo Karl D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThrough the continuous growth of their carbonate skeletons, corals record information about past environmental conditions and their effect on colony fitness. Here, we characterize century‐scale growth records of inner and outer reef corals across ~200 km of the Florida Keys Reef Tract (FKRT) using skeletal cores extracted from two ubiquitous reef‐building species, Siderastrea siderea and Pseudodiploria strigosa. We find that corals across the FKRT have sustained extension and calcification rates over the past century but have experienced a long‐term reduction in skeletal density, regardless of reef zone. Notably, P. strigosa colonies exhibit temporary reef zone‐dependent reductions in extension rate corresponding to two known extreme temperature events in 1969–1970 and 1997–1998. We propose that the subtropical climate of the FKRT may buffer corals from chronic growth declines associated with climate warming, though the significant reduction in skeletal density may indicate underlying vulnerability to present and future trends in ocean acidification.
Expression of T‐cell receptor signalling pathway components in extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Miyata‐Takata Tomoko , Chuang Shih‐Sung , Takata Katsuyoshi , Toji Tomohiro , Maeda Yoshinobu , Sato Yasuharu , Yoshino Tadashi 
Published: August 2018

AimsAlthough the neoplastic cells of extranodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) usually do not express T‐cell antigens, the T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene might be rearranged and TCR protein expressed. The aim is to elucidate the expression of the downstream TCR pathway components and their importance in ENKTL.Methods and resultsWe used formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues from 91 ENKTL samples to immunohistochemically characterise the expression of TCR pathway components. The following proteins were variably expressed: ZAP70 (94%; 83/88), GRAP2/GADS (68%; 60/88), DOK2 (42%; 38/90), LCK (35%; 31/88), and ITK (10%; 9/90). When these tumours were classified as being of T lineage (16%), NK lineage (45%), or indeterminate lineage (38%), the GRAP2/GADS expression rate was higher in T lineage tumours (versus NK, P = 0.0073; versus indeterminate, P = 0.00082). GRAP2/GADS‐positive NK lineage tumours more frequently expressed DOK2 (P = 0.0073), and were more often confined to the nasal areas (P = 0.014). Furthermore, when these tumours were immunophenotypically classified into a T signature (42%) or NK signature (58%), the expression rates of GRAP2/GADS and ITK were higher in T signature tumours (P = 0.00074 and P = 0.067, respectively), whereas that of LCK was higher in NK‐signature tumours (P = 0.10).ConclusionsAlthough some ENTKL cases were polyclonal for TCR rearrangement and others lacked TCR expression, we speculate that the TCR pathway might be functioning in ENKTLs. A T signature versus a NK signature might be better for delineating the physiology of ENKTL than cellular lineage. Furthermore, ITK may represent a potential therapeutic target for patients with ITK‐expressing tumours.
Switching to coformulated rilpivirine (RPV), emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir alafenamide from either RPV, FTC and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or efavirenz, FTC and TDF: 96‐week results from two randomized clinical trials
Authors: Hagins D , Orkin C , Daar ES , Mills A , Brinson C , DeJesus E , Post FA , Morales‐Ramirez J , Thompson M , Osiyemi O , Rashbaum B , Stellbrink H‐J , Martorell C , Liu H , Liu Y‐P , Porter D , Collins SE , SenGupta D , Das M 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesThe single‐tablet regimen rilpivirine, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide (RPV/FTC/TAF) for treatment of HIV‐1‐infected adults was approved based on bioequivalence. We assessed the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of switching to RPV/FTC/TAF from either RPV/FTC/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or efavirenz (EFV)/FTC/TDF.MethodsWe conducted two distinct randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled, noninferiority trials in participants taking RPV/FTC/TDF (Study 1216) and EFV/FTC/TDF (Study 1160). Each study randomized virologically suppressed (HIV‐1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) adults (1:1) to switch to RPV/FTC/TAF or continue their current regimen for 96 weeks. We evaluated efficacy as the proportion with HIV‐1 RNA < 50 copies/mL using the Food and Drug Administration snapshot algorithm and prespecified bone and renal endpoints at week 96.ResultsWe randomized and treated 630 participants in Study 1216 (RPV/FTC/TAF, n = 316; RPV/FTC/TDF, n = 314) and 875 in Study 1160 (RPV/FTC/TAF, n = 438; EFV/FTC/TDF, n = 437). In both studies, the efficacy of switching to RPV/FTC/TAF was noninferior to that of continuing baseline therapy at week 96, with respective percentages of patients with HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL being 89.2% versus 88.5% in Study 1216 [difference 0.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) −4.3 to +5.8%] and 85.2% versus 85.1% in Study 1160 (difference 0%; 95% CI −4.8 to +4.8%). No participant on RPV/FTC/TAF developed treatment‐emergent resistance versus two on EFV/FTC/TDF and one on RPV/FTC/TDF. Compared with continuing baseline therapy, significant improvements in bone mineral density and renal tubular markers were observed in the RPV/FTC/TAF groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSwitching to RPV/FTC/TAF from RPV/FTC/TDF or EFV/FTC/TDF was safe and effective and improved bone mineral density and renal biomarkers up to 96 weeks with no cases of treatment‐emergent resistance.
Human colonic microbiota modulation and branched chain fatty acids production affected by soy protein hydrolysate
Authors: Ashaolu Tolulope Joshua , Saibandith Bandhita , Yupanqui Chutha Takahashi , Wichienchot Santad 
Published: August 2018

SummarySeveral functional properties have been attributed to soy protein hydrolysates (SPHs); however, their gut fermentation needs to be investigated. This study aimed to determine the effect of hypo‐allergic pepsin‐educed SPH on the growth of gut microbiota, SCFA and BCFA production in a pH‐controlled, stirred, batch culture fermentation system compared with commercial SPH and soy protein isolate (SPI). The results showed that all substrates affected gut bacteria. SPH selectively increased the number of lactobacilli (log 9.61 to log 9.84) at 72‐h fermentation, but not for bifidobacteria. This is in accordance with increased BCFAs yield of 15.54 ± 0.00 mm (isobutyrate) and 465.59 ± 1.42 mm (isovalerate). The gut microbial balance index (GMBI) of SPH was 0.23, thus suggesting its gut microbial modulation. Therefore, SPH has potential for modulation or balance of gut microbiota, which may be used as functional ingredient for emerging market of nutraceuticals and nutri‐pharmaceutical industry.
An improved method of immersion vacuum cooling for small cooked pork: Bubbling Vacuum Cooling
Authors: Guo Zhi‐Yu , Song Xiao‐Yan , Song Zuo , Liu Bao‐Lin 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this paper, bubbling vacuum cooling (BVC) was compared with immersion vacuum cooling (IVC) in cooling time, weight loss, colour, texture profile, and uniformity of water temperature around the cooked meat. Results showed that the total cooling time of BVC (16.58 min) from 72 to 4 °C was shorter than that of IVC (19.12 min), while a significantly positive effect was observed in reducing cooling time for BVC at the lower temperature range (under 25 °C). For the cooling time from 10 to 4 °C, BVC (4.65 min) was significant (P < 0.05) less than that of IVC (6.47 min). Furthermore, water temperature of BVC can reach lower and distribute more uniformity than that of IVC. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in weight loss, colour and textural profile of cooled meat between these two cooling methods.
Do health literacy and self‐care behaviours affect quality of life in older persons with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy?
Authors: Lee Seung Hee , Lee Ki Hyeong , Chang Sun Ju 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed at identifying the factors associated with health literacy, self‐care behaviours, and quality of life among older persons with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy.MethodsThis was a descriptive study. A total of 80 older persons with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy participated in this study. Data were collected from July 21 to November 3, 2016 in Korea. The Short Form of the Korean Functional Health Literacy Test, the Self‐Care Behaviours Scale, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale‐Lung were used to measure functional health literacy, self‐care behaviours, and quality of life, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyse the data.ResultsIn the each regression model for the general and disease‐related quality of life, performance status, self‐care behaviours, and prior lines of treatment were identified as a predictor. However, functional health literacy was found to be a predictor only of disease‐related quality of life. Among these predictors, self‐care behaviours had the greatest impact.ConclusionHealth care providers should be aware of the effects of health literacy and self‐care behaviours on health‐related quality of life and consider the factors associated with quality of life when they take care of older persons with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy.
Comparing differences in support needs as perceived by parents of adult offspring with down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder and cerebral palsy
Authors: Lee Chung eun , Burke Meghan M. , Arnold Catherine K. , Owen Aleksa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundParents often face many barriers when taking care of their offspring with disabilities. In childhood, support needs vary with families of children with Down syndrome often reporting less caregiving challenges. However, it is unclear whether support needs vary in adulthood. This study compared parents of adults with Down syndrome (DS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cerebral palsy (CP) regarding support needs of their offspring with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their families.MethodData were collected via a national survey in the United States with 189 parents of adults with IDD.ResultsAcross the quantitative and qualitative analyses, parents of adults with DS (versus CP and ASD) reported significantly greater recreational, natural supports, more formal services and less future planning barriers.ConclusionThe results indicate that the DS advantage may persist in adulthood regarding support needs. More research is needed to understand different types of support needs.
The Effect of Organizational Justice and Trust on Job Stress in Hospital Organizations
Authors: Top Mehmet , Tekingunduz Sabahattin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeThe primary purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice, job stress, cognition‐based trust, and affect‐based trust; the secondary purpose was to determine the effect of distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice, cognition‐based trust, and affect‐based trust on job stress in hospital organizations.MethodData were collected using scales of job stress, organizational justice, and organizational trust. The study was conducted in two public hospitals in Turkey. A total of 432 health personnel participated in this study.ResultsThis study showed that both cognition‐based trust and affect‐based trust were significantly positively correlated to the three dimensions of organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice), but they were significantly negatively related to job stress. According to regression analysis, organizational justice was a significant predictor for job stress.ConclusionsIn the working environment of hospitals, job stress and perceptions of organizational justice are significant variables that affect employees’ working processes and their feelings of trust in their organization.Clinical RelevanceReducing employees’ job stress and improving their perceptions of organizational trust and organizational justice can improve their levels of cognition‐based trust and affect‐based trust regarding their managers. As the job stress of nurses decreases, the effectiveness of health services may increase as organizational trust and justice develop.
A radio‐anatomical correlation study of the cisterna chyli
Authors: Renard Yohann , de Mestier Louis , Balaj Clémence , Arnoux Jean‐Michel , Labrousse Marc , Hossu Gabriela , Perez Manuela 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSurgical laparoscopic procedures in the retroperitoneal and supramesocolic spaces are increasingly frequent. There is a high risk of iatrogenic intraoperative injury of the retroperitoneal lymphatic structures during these procedures. A precise understanding of the anatomy of the thoracic duct (TD) and the cisterna chyli (CC) is essential for safe surgical procedures in this area. However, routine imaging procedures rarely and often incorrectly visualize the CC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a retrograde injection of the TD to fill the CC with a contrast agent in 16 human cadavers. Both magnetic resonance lymphography (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) studies could be performed on the same anatomical specimen, using a contrast medium which hardened, allowing gross dissection. MRI and CT detectability were evaluated, and imaging results were compared with the anatomical dissection. The CC of 12/16 cadavers were successfully injected, and four were unsuccessful due to technical difficulties, showing the effectiveness of the method. This technique can improve understanding of the anatomy of the TD and CC and provides an original option to study the complex anatomy of these structures by correlating precise cadaveric dissections with cross‐sectional imaging.
Genetics of metabolic traits in Greenlanders: lessons from an isolated population
Authors: Andersen M. K. , Hansen T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this review, we describe the extraordinary population of Greenland, which differs from large outbred populations of Europe and Asia, both in terms of population history and living conditions. Many years in isolation, small population size and an extreme environment have shaped the genetic composition of the Greenlandic population. The unique genetic background combined with the transition from a traditional Inuit lifestyle and diet, to a more Westernized lifestyle, has led to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic conditions like obesity, where the prevalence from 1993 to 2010 has increased from 16.4% to 19.4% among men, and from 13.0% to 25.4% among women, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The genetic susceptibility to metabolic conditions has been explored in Greenlanders, as well as other isolated populations, taking advantage of population‐genetic properties of these populations. During the last 10 years, these studies have provided examples of loci showing evidence of positive selection, due to adaption to Arctic climate and Inuit diet, including TBC1D4 and FADS/CPT1A, and have facilitated the discovery of several loci associated with metabolic phenotypes. Most recently, the c.2433‐1G>A loss‐of‐function variant in ADCY3 associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes was described. This locus has provided novel biological insights, as it has been shown that reduced ADCY3 function causes obesity through disrupted function in primary cilia. Future studies of isolated populations will likely provide further genetic as well as biological insights.
Efficacy of chemotherapy and thermotherapy in elimination of East African cassava mosaic virus from Tanzanian cassava landrace
Authors: Kidulile Christina Edward , Miinda Ateka Elijah , Alakonya Amos Emitati , Ndunguru Joseph Canisius 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCassava mosaic disease is caused by cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs) and can result in crop losses up to 100% in cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Tanzania. We investigated the efficacy of chemotherapy and thermotherapy for elimination of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) of Tanzanian cassava. In vitro plantlets from EACMV‐infected plants obtained from coastal Tanzania were established in the greenhouse. Leaves were sampled from the plants and tested to confirm the presence of EACMV. Plantlets of plants positive for EACMV were initiated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. On the second subculture, they were subjected into chemical treatment in the medium containing salicylic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/L) and ribavirin (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L). In the second experiment, EACMV‐infected plantlets were subjected to temperatures between 35 and 40°C with 28°C as the control. After 42 days of growth, DNA was extracted from plant leaves and PCR amplification was performed using EACMV specific primers. It was found that plant survival decreased with increasing levels of both salicylic acid and ribavirin concentrations. In general, plants treated with salicylic acid exhibited a lower plant survival % than those treated with ribavirin. However, the percentage of virus‐free plants increased with an increase in the concentration of both ribavirin and salicylic acid. The most effective concentrations were 20 mg/L of ribavirin and 30 mg/L of salicylic acid; these resulted in 85.0% and 88.9% virus‐free plantlets, respectively. With regard to thermotherapy, 35°C resulted in 79.5% virus‐free plantlets compared to 69.5% at 40°C. Based on virus elimination, ribavirin at 20 mg/L, salicylic acid 30 mg/L and thermotherapy at 35°C are recommended for production of EACMV free cassava plantlets from infected cassava landraces.