bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Companion-Animal Relinquishment: Exploration of the Views Expressed by Primary Stakeholders within Published Reviews and Commentaries
Authors: Lambert Kim , Coe Jason , Nie Lee , Dewey Cate , Sargeant Jan M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There is a need to further understand companion-animal relinquishment in order to prevent it. This study explored published reviews and commentaries, written by primary stakeholders, on companion-animal relinquishment, including 77 reviews and commentaries published between 1973 and 2011. The analysis-method framework is conducive to analyzing reviews and commentaries on a complex social phenomenon such as companion-animal relinquishment. Four themes emerged: identified reasons caretakers relinquish, solutions to relinquishment, euthanasia as an outcome of relinquishment, and the role of research in addressing relinquishment. Research-based views about reasons for relinquishment were most commonly discussed. Only a few research articles were cited, highlighting the impact of these few studies on stakeholders’ perceptions. The predominant solution discussed was education, while future research suggestions focused on investigating interventions. Findings provide insight into the influences on stakeholders’ views, including their use and interpretation of existing research.
Emerging Attitudes towards Nonhuman Animals among Spanish University Students
Authors: Díaz Estela M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAttitudes towards nonhuman animals remain an interesting area of study, especially in non-English-speaking countries in which little research has been conducted. The present paper examines the attitudes of Spanish university students (n = 481) towards 21 nonhuman animal uses and practices as well as attitudes towards human-animal similarities. To determine which variables might underlie those attitudes, this paper analyzes individual correlations and differences based on 11 psychosocial-demographic factors. Highlights from the results are as follows. First, not all animal uses and not all human-animal attributes are perceived equally. Second, there are minor but significant associations between attitudes towards animals and psychosocial- demographic factors. Lastly, the study identifies three clusters of tendencies of animal attitudes: “reckless-speciesist” (28.6%), “caress-speciesist” (45.8%), and “non-speciesist” (25.6%). The findings suggest a need to segment the target audience, to differentiate between goals, and to adapt messages accordingly when designing more effective strategies intended to foster a pro-animal ecosystem.
Sacred Sites as a Threat to Environmental Justice?
Authors: Cladis Mark S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractI explore the intersection of environmental spirituality and environmental justice with special attention given to indigenous ecologies. Indigenous communities often employ the language of discrete “sacred sites” to protect portions of their lands from environmental harm. However, the concept of the sacred in Western traditions is typically accompanied by its binary opposite, the profane. Do protected sacred sites implicitly license harm to such “profane” sites as low-income sacrifice zones? Is environmental spirituality in tension with environmental justice? After explicating this problem, I resolve it by exploring indigenous notions of the sacred—notions that are not binary. Indigenous notions allow for treating some discrete lands as places of special power and healing while still maintaining that all lands are sacred and worthy of environmental protection. These are not hierarchical notions of the sacred but variegated ones (or what I call hózhó sacred weaves).
The Function of Tradition in Talmudic Culture: The Discussion about Decapitation
Authors: Blankovsky Yuval 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article, following a short methodological introduction, presents an analysis of the Talmudic discussion about the decapitation penalty. This short Talmudic passage has been commented upon by many prominent scholars. However, this article suggests a different reading, one based upon posing an additional interpretive question: “what is the author doing in composing the passage in this particular way?” The valuable insights of past scholars are not dismissed by my reading, but they are placed in a different context and hence possess different meanings. At the heart of my analysis is my ambition to articulate the central issue of the particular discourse in which these Talmudic sources participate. I add an explanation of the parallel Talmudic sources that explicate why each of the source’s authors chooses to present the shared tradition in his own particular way. I demonstrate the benefits of adding this interpretive question and the techniques for answering it.
The Netherlands: The 2018 Agreement between The Ocean Cleanup and the Netherlands
Authors: Roland Holst Rozemarijn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Ocean Cleanup is a Dutch non-profit organisation on a mission to develop and deploy pioneering technology to rid the oceans of plastic. Considering the unique nature of the activity and the technology involved, it is not immediately self-evident which international regulations are directly applicable to this novel use of the high seas. The Dutch government, however, pledged to support the endeavour, and entered into a tailor-made Agreement with The Ocean Cleanup in order to ensure that its activities are conducted in accordance with general international law on maritime safety, the protection of the marine environment, and other legitimate uses of the high seas. This article reflects critically on the parties’ choice to base the Agreement ‘by analogy’ on the Law of the Sea Convention’s provisions on marine scientific research, and analyses the relationship of its core provisions with applicable international law, as well as identifying potential gaps.
The Catholic Church and the Early Stages of King Leopold II’s Colonial Projects in the Congo (1876–1886)
Authors: Lopes Pereira Jairzinho 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In what follows I analyse the involvement of the Catholic Church in the early stages of King Leopold’s colonial projects in the Congo. I argue that in a moment of particular political frailty and seduced by the unique missionary opportunities that the King’s projects presented, the Holy See viewed the support for the Leopoldian projects in Africa as the only prudent decision. I demonstrate that, in Belgium, leading Catholic authorities promoted the King’s projects in the Congo under the premises of nationalism and patriotism.
The Conceptualisation of Africa in the Catholic Church
Authors: Nhaueleque Laura António , Bussotti Luca 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article aims to show the evolution of the conceptualisation of Africa according to the Catholic Church, using as its key references Daniele Comboni and Adalberto da Postioma, two Italian missionaries who lived in the 19th century and 20th century respectively. Through them, the article attempts to interpret how the Catholic Church has conceived and implemented its relationships with the African continent in the last two centuries. The article uses history to analyse the thought of the two authors using a qualitative and comparative methodology.
Des orphelinats sans orphelins ?
Authors: Bosa Bastien 
Published: May 2019

Résumé
Dans les premières décennies du vingtième siècle, un groupe de missionnaires capucins espagnols a construit, dans le nord de la Colombie, une série d’ établissements éducatifs qu’ ils appelèrent « orphelinats » (même si la plupart des enfants qui y étaient éduqués n’ étaient pas des orphelins) et qui représentaient la mise en place d’ une nouvelle stratégie de conversion/ civilisation des groupes indiens de la région après plusieurs décennies d’ échec. Cet article propose d’ analyser le processus ayant conduit les missionnaires à théoriser cette pratique de séparation des enfants de leur famille comme la plus pertinente pour réaliser leur travail d’ évangélisation. Comment cette méthode – considérée aujourd’ hui comme l’ une des plus controversées d’ un point de vue éthico-moral – a-t-elle été progressivement construite comme la meilleure solution pour convertir les populations indigènes du nord de la Colombie et les incorporer à la nation ? Et surtout, quels sont les registres argumentatifs que les missionnaires ont utilisés pour convaincre les pouvoirs publics d’ apporter leur soutien à cette entreprise fondée sur l’ enlèvement des enfants indigènes à leurs familles ?
Lying, Denying, or Justifying?
Authors: Edel Mirjam 
Published: May 2019

In Tunisia under Ben Ali (1987–2011), marked human rights rhetoric coincided with intense repression. This points to a more general puzzle: what happens when authoritarian regimes uphold their repressive power maintenance agendas while simultaneously trying to avoid negative international consequences?
This article argues that authoritarian decision-makers attempt to evade negative consequences from international audiences by applying cushioning strategies in the form of obfuscation, rhetorical justification and/or procedural justification. In that way, they adapt their repressive tactics and manipulate the visibility and perception of their repressive behavior. Ben Ali’s main strategy was to obfuscate, i.e. to deny and cover repression.
However, as international audiences are far from applying the same yardstick to all human rights violations, ruling elites often repress targets differently depending on whether audiences have links and sympathy. Again, this becomes apparent in the Tunisian case study, from which hypotheses are generated for future research.
Deportees in Society
Authors: Humphrey Caroline 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses forced labour migrations in the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Stalin era. It attempts to set this regional case in the context of deportations and ‘special settlements’ in the USSR as a whole. It points out that forced labour migrants were not only sent to the Buryat Republic from western regions of the USSR; various categories of the ‘repressed’ were also deported from the Republic and displaced within it. The paper focusses on relations between forced migrants and the rest of society, with particular attention to Germans and Lithuanians sent into Buryatia and to Buryats exiled from the same regions.
Animal Welfare Across the World
Authors: Rollin Bernard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
It is important to stress at the beginning of our discussion the current nature of animal welfare in the US and Europe, because ideas that develop there tend to spread across the world, partly for cultural and partially for economic reasons. Historically, animal welfare was associated with good husbandry, treating the animals well in order to ensure their productivity. Almost until the 20th century, the only articulated social ethic pertaining to animals was a prohibition against deliberate sadistic cruelty. Good husbandry persisted, unfortunately, as an ideal only as long as it was essential for the assurance of productivity. With the rise of the Industrial Revolution, the “ancient contract” represented by husbandry was abandoned in the name of profit. Subsequently, by the 20th century, animal agriculture had become industrialized and dominated by high-technology, allowing the placing of round pegs in square holes, despite some 10,000 years of the ancient husbandry contract. In addition, animal welfare was compromised by the significant rise of animal research in a science that denied any truck with ethics. It must be recalled that despite widespread belief to the contrary among scientists and production agriculturalists, animal welfare is inescapably in part an ethical notion, not strictly a scientific one. In fact, how one views animal welfare ethically determines the shape of the science studying animal welfare, not vice versa. At least in Western societies, the consensus societal ethic will establish the dominant notion of animal welfare, achieved by extending our ethic for humans. While numerous other societies (for example Hindu or Buddhist societies) have excellent theoretical views of animal welfare, they often fail to be instantiated in practice. Latin America also lacks a robust animal ethic.
The Echinogammarus Berilloni-Group, a Number of Predominantly Iberian Amphipod Species (Crustacea)
Authors: Pinkster Sjouk 
Published: May 2019

The morphological diversity within the species Echinogammarus berilloni (Catta, 1878), stressed by Spandl (1926), Margalef (1956) and Pinkster (1969) was a motive to sample systematically in drainage systems of the Iberian peninsula and of great parts of France. It became clear that E. berilloni in reality was the collective name for a group of at least 10 species, all of them with their own, restricted distribution area. Only one of these species, the real E. berilloni, inhabits a much larger area, including the major part of France, the Channel islands, Belgium, Luxembourg, the southern part of the Netherlands, and south-western Germany. In this study the characters of the E. berilloni-group are discussed and comparative descriptions are given of all species, along with a key for their identification. The variability and ecological preferences of each species are discussed.
An attempt has been made to relate the distribution pattern of this group and of other species groups in the Iberian peninsula (e.g. the E. simoni-group, members of the G. pulex-group, and the genus Eulimnogammarus) to geological data.
The Comparative Anatomy of the Nasal Tract and the Function of the Spermaceti Organ in the Physeteridae (Mammalia, Odontoceti)
Authors: Schenkkan E. J. , Purves P. E. 
Published: May 2019

The nasal complex of Kogia has been compared with that of Physeter and shown to be homologouswith that of less specialized ondotocetes.
The nasal complex of the Physeterids is structurally related to that of the Platanistids and Ziphioids.
The spermaceti organ unique to the Physeteridae forms a part of the functional morphology of the right naris and is not a bilaterally symmetrical structure like the melon of other odontocetes.
Separation of the two nares in the Physeteridae is caused by the asymmetrical development of the spermaceti organ. In Kogia part of the musculature of the left naris actuates the opening of the right naris, a feature unique amongst the Mammalia.
The right naris is not used in external respiration but forms an air reservoir subservient to phonationat extreme depths.
The spermaceti organ assists in evacuation of the lungs prior to a deep dive.
The fat depots of the spermaceti organ in Physeter and the spermaceti organ and adipose cushion in Kogia may serve to absorb nitrogen at extreme pressure.
The air reservoirs could perform a useful hydrostatic function during the ascent from great depths.
Quantitative and Qualitative Age and Sex Criteria of the Starling, Sturnus Vulgaris, in March
Authors: Klijn H. B. 
Published: May 2019

Age and sex criteria are studied of 74 Starlings, 39 ♂ ♂ (14 first-year) and 35 ♀ ♀ (27 first-year), in March.
Weight, bill length, wing length, lengths of the iridescent parts of the throat and breast feathers, lengths of the white tips on the breast and abdomen and the amount of black colour on the bill are treated quantitatively.
Qualitatively treated are: gloss of the plumage, gloss on the lesser secondary coverts, gloss on the breast, pointedness of breast and abdominal feathers, length of the throat feathers, gloss on the end of the outer web of the secondaries, colour of the under wing coverts and form of the upper tail coverts.
Skull ossification was expected to be completed in March, but finding 7 birds with an incompletely ossified skull, this character has been included in our study.
The Biology of Chaetogammarus Marinus (Leach) and Eulimnogammarus Obtusatus (Dahl) with some notes on other intertidal gammarid species (Crustacea, Amphipoda)
Authors: van Maren Marion J. 
Published: May 2019

The reproductive cycles of Chaetogammarus marinus and Eulimnogammarus obtusatus in northern Brittany are compared, as well as the environmental conditions under which these gammarids live. Both species show reproductive activity throughout the year. The maximum rate of ovigerous ♀ ♀ was established for E. obtusatus in the months of February-March (the coldest period of the year), for Ch. marinus in December. The former species showed the lowest rate in August (the warmest month of the year) and the latter species in March.
Eulimnogammarus obtusatus lives in the lower half of more exposed beaches and was rarely found on a substrate containing mud, contrary to Chaeto gammarus marinus. It was established that the southern distribution limit of E. obtusatus lies in Brittany.
Ecological data are given on a number of other gammarid species from the tidal zone of the Atlantic coast of France.
A New Genus and Two New Species of the Crustacean Order Thermosbaebacea from the West Indies
Authors: Stock Jan H. 
Published: May 2019

Up to now, the crustacean order Thermosbaenacea contained two genera with only six valid species, five from the panmediterranean region, one from Texas.
Two new members of this curious group of “living fossils” have been discovered in the West Indies. The one, from two deep wells not far from the sea coast in Saint Croix (U.S. Virgin Islands), belongs to an undescribed species of the amphiatlantic genus Monodella, and is called M. sanctaecrucis.
The other was found in several localities in Curaçao (Netherlands’ Antilles), in coral débris of rubble walls on the shore; it belongs to a new genus, Halosbaena showing several remarkable adaptations, e.g. having a uniramous first pereiopod and reductions in the maxilliped. The presence of very numerous specialized elements on the second maxilla and some other characters relate Halosbaena remotely to a species from Jugoslavia, described as Monodella finki. Several other characters of the latter species justify the erection of a new genus for it, called Limnosbaena.
The literature on the possible origin of the Thermosbaenacea is reviewed. Based on the present and other recent discoveries, the origin of the genera Limnosbaena and Monodella (and possibly also of Thermosbaena) at the end of the Tethys period, from marine ancestors, is considered to be the most likely. For the genus Halosbaena a Pleistocene invasion of haline interstitial waters cannot be excluded.
The Structure of the Terminal Filament, the Ovariole Sheath and the Oviduct Musculature of the Colorado Beetle (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say, 1824)
Authors: Akster H.A. , Smit W.A. 
Published: May 2019

In the Colorado Beetle, the terminal filament cells resemble the epidermal cells which connect muscle cells with the cuticle, the so-called tendon cells. They contain many microtubules which have projections interconnecting them. The microtubules are also connected by these projections to desmosomes.
The tunica propria is a basement membrane-like layer of low elasticity. It separates the terminal filament from the germarium. The outer ovariole sheath is a muscle sheath which is continuous with the muscle sheath around the oviducts. The whole muscle sheath consists of a monolayer network. Sarcolemmal invaginations at the I band and at the Z line probably form part of one T system. The cuticle of the common oviduct has scales with long caudally directed spines.
The rostral attachment of the muscle sheath corresponds to the existing descriptions of tendon cells. The attachment of the muscle sheath to the cuticle of the common oviduct is different.
Notes on Reconstruction of Muscle Fibre Orientation During the Development of the Teleost Brachydanio Rerio
Authors: van der Stelt A. , Mos W. , Diegenbach P.C. 
Published: May 2019

Since the description of a helicoidal pattern of muscle fibres in teleost fishes by Van der Stelt (1968), Alexander (1969) stated that there are two basic patterns. One is found in selachians and primitive bony fishes as Anguilla and Salmo, whereas it is also found in the caudal peduncles of teleosts, which are considered more advanced. More anteriad a quite different pattern is found, resembling the helicoidal pattern. The elucidation of this pattern was disclosed by both Van der Stelt (1968) and Alexander (1969) by reconstruction from horizontal, as well as vertical serial sections. Van Raamsdonk et al. (1974), in a study of the early development of the myomeres of Brachydanio rerio, observed a transition of a primary longitudinal course of muscle cells to a presumably helicoidal one in transverse sections of the embryo.
As it is more easy to obtain and interpret a series of transverse sections, we have tried to devise a method of reconstruction of the muscle fibre course, starting from transverse sections. With some caution, the results of these studies on Brachydanio may be summarized as follows:
1. The embryo starts with a primordial, longitudinal muscle cell orientation.
2. In the young embryo the muscle cell orientation changes to a helicoidal one.
3. A further change in conformity with Alexander’s primitive pattern is found in later stages of development.
Présence d’Asellides stygobies (Crustacea, Isopoda, Aselloidea) dans la région du Primorye, Sibérie sud-orientale
Authors: Henr J.-P. , Magniez G. 
Published: May 2019

Two species of anophthalmous, unpigmentedasellids have been found in springs and groundwaters of S.E. Siberia (Primorye region). Asellus (Asellus) primoryensis n. sp. is closelyrelated to the epigean species A. (A.) hilgendorfii Bovallius, 1886, as is the case for all stygobiont Asellus (Asellus) species previously known from the Japanese archipelago.
Sibirasellus parpurae n. g., n. sp. is closely related to the microphthalmous species Asellus dentifer Birstein & Levanidov, 1952 from the Ussuri Basin (Khor region), now type-species of the new genus Sibirasellus. These two species show several original characters: body covered by numerous cuticular squamulae, mandibular palp reduced (glabrous and 2-segmented), and coxopodites of pereopods reduced and coalescent with their sternites, pointing to certain affinities with the stygobiont Japanese genus Nipponasellus Matsumoto, 1962 and probably to the epigean species of the “latifrons” group of the genus Asellus, presently restricted to arctic Siberia and western Alaska.
The different asellid lines living in the Far East and Pacific North America are much more related with each other than with all other lines of the family.All these forms possess a copulatory system built on the “Asellus pattern”: Endopodite of 2nd male pleopod with a spur-shaped basal apophysis or “processus calcariformis”, an afferent spermaticopening with a labial spur or “processus cylindriformis”, and 2nd exopodite segment with a tergal or “catch lobe”. This phyletic system includes the genus Asellus Geoffroy, 1762 (the present status of which is discussed herein), its subgenera Asellus Dudich, 1925, Mesoasellus Birstein, 1951, and Phreatoasellus Matsumoto, 1962, and its related genera Calasellus Bowman, 1981, Nipponasellus Matsumoto, 1962, Uenasellus Matsumoto, 1962, and Sibirasellus n. g.