bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole farm safety net programs: an emerging US farm policy evolution?
Authors: Zulauf Carl 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe 2018 farm bill is the latest in a history that dates to 1933. Commodity assistance is the only program in all farm bills, but with evolutionary changes. Current farm commodity programs largely make payments to farms, a stark contrast to the 1930s when they limited supply, put a floor under market price, and dampened price increases via public stocks. Crop insurance, which began as an experimental pilot program in 1938, now has its own farm bill title. Almost all commodity and insurance programs have provided assistance based on a calculation specific to an individual commodity's price and/or yield. However, an evolutionary change to whole farm commodity programs may be in its infant stages. They provide assistance for variation in a farm's aggregate revenue across multiple crops. Whole farm experiments currently exist in both the commodity and crop insurance titles. Analysis of a whole farm commodity program finds that its payments differ by year from actual payments made by current commodity programs and are smaller in total.
Increasing Groundwater Availability and Seasonal Base Flow Through Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge in an Irrigated Basin
Authors: Kourakos George , Dahlke Helen E. , Harter Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGroundwater aquifers provide an important “insurance” against climate variability. Due to prolonged droughts and/or irrigation demands, groundwater exploitation results in significant groundwater storage depletion. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a promising management practice that intentionally places or retains more water in groundwater aquifers than would otherwise naturally occur. In this study, we examine the possibility of using large irrigated agricultural areas as potential MAR locations (Ag‐MAR). Using the California Central Valley Groundwater‐Surface Water Simulation Model we tested four different agricultural recharge land distributions, two streamflow diversion locations, eight recharge target amounts, and five recharge timings. These scenarios allowed a systematic evaluation of Ag‐MAR on changes in regional, long‐term groundwater storage, streamflow, and groundwater levels. The results show that overall availability of stream water for recharge is critical for Ag‐MAR systems. If stream water availability is limited, longer recharge periods at lower diversion rates allow diverting larger volumes and more efficient recharge compared to shorter diversion periods with higher rates. The recharged stream water increases both groundwater storage and net groundwater contributions to streamflow. During the first decades of Ag‐MAR operation, the diverted water contributed mainly to groundwater storage. After 80 years of Ag‐MAR operation about 34% of the overall diverted water remained in groundwater storage while 66% discharged back to streams, enhancing base flow during months with no recharge diversions. Groundwater level rise is shown to vary with the spatial and temporal distribution of Ag‐MAR. Overall, Ag‐MAR is shown to provide long‐term benefits for water availability, in groundwater and in streams.
The Methane Diurnal Variation and Microseepage Flux at Gale Crater, Mars as Constrained by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and Curiosity Observations
Authors: Moores John E. , King Penelope L. , Smith Christina L. , Martinez German M. , Newman Claire E. , Guzewich Scott D. , Meslin Pierre‐Yves , Webster Christopher R. , Mahaffy Paul R. , Atreya Sushil K. , Schuerger Andrew C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe upper bound of 50 parts per trillion by volume for Mars methane above 5 km established by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, substantially lower than the 410 parts per trillion by volume average measured overnight by the Curiosity Rover, places a strong constraint on the daytime methane flux at the Gale crater. We propose that these measurements may be largely reconciled by the inhibition of mixing near the surface overnight, whereby methane emitted from the subsurface accumulates within meters of the surface before being mixed below detection limits at dawn. A model of this scenario allows the first precise calculation of microseepage fluxes at Gale to be derived, consistent with a constant 1.5 × 10−10 kg·m−2·sol−1 (5.4 × 10−5 tonnes·km−2·year−1) source at depth. Under this scenario, only 2.7 × 104 km2 of Mars's surface may be emitting methane, unless a fast destruction mechanism exists.
Constraining the Magnitude and Uncertainty of Specific Yield for Use in the Water Table Fluctuation Method of Estimating Recharge
Authors: Crosbie Russell S. , Doble Rebecca C. , Turnadge Chris , Taylor Andrew R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe water table fluctuation method of estimating recharge is widely used because it is conceptually simple and easy to implement. The major source of uncertainty in the recharge estimates come from the specific yield. The apparent specific yield has a dependence on the depth to water table that makes its measurement difficult (if not impossible) for appropriate use in the water table fluctuation method. This study has treated the specific yield as a conceptual parameter that cannot be measured and has constrained it using a rejection sampling approach using probabilistic estimates of net recharge from the chloride mass balance method and excess water derived from the difference between precipitation and remotely sensed actual evapotranspiration. The method developed here provided probabilistic estimates of the ultimate specific yield and a probabilistic time series of gross recharge, both important in shallow water table environments. An additional benefit of the method is that by jointly constraining the three different recharge types (i.e., excess water, gross, and net recharge) they are assured of being internally consistent. The method was implemented for 58 bores across four catchments in Northern Australia that may see increased development in coming years.
T-cell expression of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase promotes autoreactive T-cell activation and exacerbates aplastic anemia
Authors: Xia Simo , Liu Xiang , Cao Xuetao , Xu Sheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe role of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) in BCR signaling is well defined, and BTK is involved in B-cell development, differentiation, and malignancies. However, the expression of Btk in T cells and its role in T-cell function remain largely unknown. Here, we unexpectedly found high expression and activation of BTK in T cells. Deficiencies in BTK resulted in the impaired activation and proliferation of autoreactive T cells and ameliorated bone marrow failure (BMF) in aplastic anemia. Mechanistically, BTK is activated after TCR engagement and then phosphorylates PLCγ1, thus promoting T-cell activation. Treatment with acalabrutinib, a selective BTK inhibitor, decreased T-cell proliferation and ameliorated BMF in mice with aplastic anemia. Our results demonstrate an unexpected role of BTK in optimal T-cell activation and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune aplastic anemia, providing insights into the molecular regulation of T-cell activation and the pathogenesis of T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease.
Characterization of the L 98-59 multi-planetary system with HARPS
Authors: Cloutier R. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Bonfils X. , Jenkins J. S. , Berdiñas Z. , Ricker G. , Vanderspek R. , Latham D. W. , Seager S. , Winn J. , Jenkins J. M. , Almenara J. M. , Bouchy F. , Delfosse X. , Díaz M. R. , Díaz R. F. , Doyon R. , Figueira P. , Forveille T. , Kurtovic N. T. , Lovis C. , Mayor M. , Menou K. , Morgan E. , Morris R. , Muirhead P. , Murgas F. , Pepe F. , Santos N. C. , Ségransan D. , Smith J. C. , Tenenbaum P. , Torres G. , Udry S. , Vezie M. , Villasenor J. 
Published: August 2019

Aims.L 98-59 (TIC 307210830, TOI-175) is a nearby M3 dwarf around which TESS revealed three small transiting planets (0.80, 1.35, 1.57 Earth radii) in a compact configuration with orbital periods shorter than 7.5 days. Here we aim to measure the masses of the known transiting planets in this system using precise radial velocity (RV) measurements taken with the HARPS spectrograph.Methods.We considered both trained and untrained Gaussian process regression models of stellar activity, which are modeled simultaneously with the planetary signals. Our RV analysis was then supplemented with dynamical simulations to provide strong constraints on the planets’ orbital eccentricities by requiring long-term stability.Results.We measure the planet masses of the two outermost planets to be 2.42 ± 0.35 and 2.31 ± 0.46 Earth masses, which confirms the bulk terrestrial composition of the former and eludes to a significant radius fraction in an extended gaseous envelope for the latter. We are able to place an upper limit on the mass of the smallest, innermost planet of <1.01 Earth masses with 95% confidence. Our RV plus dynamical stability analysis places strong constraints on the orbital eccentricities and reveals that each planet’s orbit likely hase< 0.1.Conclusions.L 98-59 is likely a compact system of two rocky planets plus a third outer planet with a lower bulk density possibly indicative of the planet having retained a modest atmosphere. The system offers a unique laboratory for studies of planet formation, dynamical stability, and comparative atmospheric planetology as the two outer planets are attractive targets for atmospheric characterization through transmission spectroscopy. Continued RV monitoring will help refine the characterization of the innermost planet and potentially reveal additional planets in the system at wider separations.
Determining the energy performance of a rotating machine for fluid flow
Authors: Giovani Roza Albertino , Almaslamani Ammar , Tănase Elena Beatrice , Băran Nicolae , Constantin Mihaela 
Published: August 2019

The rotating machine, to which the paper relates, refers to the following:

A rotating machine construction solution that can be used as a power machine (steam engine, pneumatic engine)
The same construction solution can be used as a working machine (pump, fan, and compressor). The constructive solution and the operating principle of the rotating machine are presented, the flow rate and the machine power computation model is indicated. At the end of the paper, the machine effective efficiency is experimentally determined.
gebABCDE: Geburtshilfe-Algorithmus für den außerklinischen Notfallgeburtshelfer
Authors: Strauss Alexander , Gräsner Jan-Thorsten 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungAkute geburtshilfliche Komplikationen sind in jeder Lebenssituation und zu jedem Zeitpunkt während der Schwangerschaft möglich. Nicht immer kann der Transport der Patientin in eine Klinik rasch genug erfolgen, sodass in diesen Fällen die Notfallversorgung außerhalb einer stationären perinatologischen Einrichtung zumindest beginnen muss. Da die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten mütterlicher Gefahrenzustände mitunter sehr unterschiedliche Maßnahmen der Akutbehandlung verlangen, sind Rettungsteams subjektiv wie objektiv besonders durch ihr Zutreten zu einer überraschend beginnenden oder sehr rasch verlaufenden Geburt außerordentlich gefordert. Fachgerechte peripartale Diagnostik- und Therapieoptionen stehen in der Regel nicht zur Verfügung. Umso mehr ist für den hier perinatologisch wenig routinierten Notfall-Geburtshelfer klinisches Wissen zu spezifischen Symptomen, Differenzialdiagnosen, Gefährdungsprofilen und seinen Einflussmöglichkeiten gerade in der situationsimmanenten Beschränktheit der Mittel von hohem Wert. Der systematisierte Behandlungspfad entlang des Geburtshilfe-ABCDE-Schemas – gebABCDE leitet im prähospitalen Setting sicher von Schritt zu Schritt. Telemedizinische Unterstützung findet dieser praxisorientierte Notfallalgorithmus durch jederzeit und unmittelbar abrufbare perinatologische Facharztexpertise in Form einer geburtshilflichen Telefonhotline für Notärzte – gebHOTLINE.
Face Perception in Face Transplant Patients
Authors: Gülbetekin Evrim , Bayraktar Seda , Özkan Özlenen , Uysal Hilmi , Özkan Ömer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe authors tested face discrimination, face recognition, object discrimination, and object recognition in two face transplantation patients (FTPs) who had facial injury since infancy, a patient who had a facial surgery due to a recent wound, and two control subjects. In Experiment 1, the authors showed them original faces and morphed forms of those faces and asked them to rate the similarity between the two. In Experiment 2, they showed old, new, and implicit faces and asked whether they recognized them or not. In Experiment 3, they showed them original objects and morphed forms of those objects and asked them to rate the similarity between the two. In Experiment 4, they showed old, new, and implicit objects and asked whether they recognized them or not. Object discrimination and object recognition performance did not differ between the FTPs and the controls. However, the face discrimination performance of FTP2 and face recognition performance of the FTP1 were poorer than that of the controls were. Therefore, the authors concluded that the structure of the face might affect face processing.
Early Prognostication after Traumatic Brain Injury: Specific Validation of the IMPACT Prognostic Calculator in a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Jung Anna , Arlt Felix , Rosolowski Maciej , Meixensberger Jürgen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study evaluated the usefulness of the IMPACT prognostic calculator (IPC) for patients receiving acute neurointensive care at a level 1 trauma center in Germany. A total of 139 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) were assessed. One day after trauma, the extended model of the IPC was found to provide the most valid prediction of 6-month mortality/unfavorable outcome. Different time frames within the first day could be determined by analyzing mild, moderate, and severe TBI cohorts. The CORE + CT model at time frame Z2 (<6 h from the point of first documentation) for mild TBI exhibited the highest values in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (area under the curve [AUC], 0.9; sensitivity, 1; specificity, 0.7). For patients with moderate head injury at time frame Z2/3 (<6–12 h from point of first documentation), the extended model fit best. For patients with severe TBI, the extended model at time frame Z6 (48–72 h from point of first documentation) best predicted 6-month mortality and unfavorable outcome (ROC analysis: AUC, 0.542/0.445; sensitivity, 0.167/0.364; specificity, 0.575/0.444). Center-specific validation demonstrated the validity of the IPC in the early phase after TBI. These findings support the usefulness of the IPC for predicting the prognosis of patients with TBI. However, further prospective validation using a larger TBI cohort is needed.
A Study of the Diagnostic Accuracy of an Existing Multivariable Test to Predict Shoulder Dystocia
Authors: Easley Henry Alexander , Beste Todd Michael 
Published: August 2019

Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a multivariable prediction model, the Shoulder Screen (Perigen, Inc.), and compare it with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines to prevent harm from shoulder dystocia.
Study Design The model was applied to two groups of 199 patients each who delivered during a 4-year period. One group experienced shoulder dystocia and the other group delivered without shoulder dystocia. The model's accuracy was analyzed. The performance of the model was compared with the ACOG guideline.
Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of the model were 23.1, 99.5, 97.9, and 56.4%, respectively. The sensitivity of the ACOG guideline was 10.1%. The false-positive rate of the model was 0.5%. The accuracy of the model was 61.3%.
Conclusion A multivariable prediction model can predict shoulder dystocia and is more accurate than ACOG guidelines.
Total Colonic Hirschsprung's Disease: The Hypermotility and Skin Rash Protocol
Authors: Vilanova-Sanchez Alejandra , Ivanov Monica , Halleran Devin R. , Wagner Andrea , Reck-Burneo Carlos Albert , Ruth Brenda , FIsher Meghan , Ahmad Hira , Weaver Laura , Nash Onnalisa , Buker Danielle , Rentea Rebecca Maria , Hoover Erin , Maloof Tassiana , Wood Richard J. , Levitt Marc A. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction Total colonic Hirschsprung's disease (TCHD) presents a postoperative challenge due to multiple stools and perineal rash. We propose a protocol developed by pediatric surgeons and ostomy nurses to help prevent and treat hypermotility and severe perineal rash, especially in younger children who are not toilet trained.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed our TCHD patients' charts from 2014 to 2017. All patients received a prescribed protocol for the treatment of hypermotility and perineal rash. We describe patients who underwent their pull through before and after the age of urine toilet training, and assessed the number of bowel movements, the perineal skin status, and growth.
Results We treated 25 patients. Out of 25, 9 patients received a straight ileoanal pull through before the age of 18 months. Nine of 25 patients presented for a second opinion and had redo pull through. The remaining seven presented for bowel management after having a pull through at another institution. All these were treated following the hypermotility protocol. In total, 19 of 25 patients were not toilet trained. The mean number of bowel movements in all groups was 4 (3–5). All had a resolution of perineal rash and liquid stools after 3 months. Eleven of the 25 patients presented with failure to thrive. Two older patients experienced severe proctalgia requiring replacement of the ileostomy.
Conclusion TCHD patients who underwent definitive pull through had nine high incidence of multiple stool, perineal rash, and low growth. With the implementation of bowel management care to slow the stools and a perineal skin protocol to treat the skin, we believe that these symptoms can be minimized even in patients who are not toilet trained. Since the implementation of this protocol, we have changed our practice to perform the pull through in such patients between the age of 6 and 18 months.
Aspirin and Primary Prevention in Patients with Diabetes—A Critical Evaluation of Available Randomized Trials and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Schrör Karsten , Kristensen Steen D. , Storey Robert F. , Verheugt Freek W. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrimary prevention of cardiovascular events with aspirin in patients with elevated cardiovascular risk, including diabetics, is currently under intense discussion. Data from meta-analyses suggests that the efficacy of aspirin in these patients is low, whereas there is a significantly increased bleeding tendency. However, meta-analyses are based on trials that differ in many important aspects, including study selection. Fresh insights were expected from the ASCEND trial, by far the largest primary, randomized, placebo-controlled prevention trial in diabetics without known cardiovascular disease. There was a small but significant reduction in serious cardiovascular events by aspirin (8.6% vs. 9.6%) but also a significant increase in major bleeding: 4.1% versus 3.2%. Unfortunately, this trial did not meet the desired annual rate of elevated vascular risk of ≥ 2%. It was only 1.2 to 1.3%, and thus in the range of other primary prevention trials in low-risk patients. Apart from potential compliance problems, possible explanations for the small cardioprotective effect of antiplatelet treatment include a healthy lifestyle as well as improved vascular protection by comedication with vasoactive and anti-inflammatory drugs, such as statins or antihypertensive agents, as well as proton-pump inhibitors that might modify bleeding, specifically in the upper gastrointestinal tract—the most frequently affected site. Also, the introduction of new antidiabetic drugs with more favorable cardiovascular effects may in part explain the low event rate. ASCEND, similar to ARRIVE, did not study patients at elevated (as planned) but only at low vascular risk and, therefore, was largely confirmatory of earlier primary prevention trials.
Systemic to Pulmonary Collaterals in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: Incidence, Clinical Significance, and Hemodynamic Features
Authors: Hayek Cynthia , Cayabyab Rowena , Thompson Ima , Ebrahimi Mahmood , Siassi Bijan , Ramanathan Rangasamy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective This study aimed to determine the incidence of systemic to pulmonary collaterals (SPCs) in extremely low birth weight infants and to assess its clinical and hemodynamic significance beyond the neonatal period.Study Design Retrospective cohort study was conducted on 61 infants with echocardiogram performed at the time of discharge to determine the presence of SPC and to measure the right and left ventricular outputs and left atrium to aortic ratio. We compared two groups: small or no SPC (Group 1) to moderate or large SPC (Group 2) on demographics, clinical outcomes, and echocardiographic parameters.Results Sixty-one infants were included. The incidence of SPC was 57%; 21% of infants had moderate or large shunts and 31% had small SPC. Demographics, clinical outcomes, and echocardiographic parameters were not significantly different between small or no SPC and moderate to large SPC.Conclusion More than half of the infants had SPC. The size of the shunt did not affect the clinical outcomes nor the echocardiographic parameters measured. All infants had cardiac output above the normative mean.
Discourses of (hetero)sexism in popular music
Authors: Coffey-Glover Laura , Handforth Rachel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article analyses interview data to explore how participants negotiated discourses of (hetero)sexism in relation to the controversial pop songBlurred Lines.Our previous work, based on questionnaire data, interrogated interpretations ofBlurred Lines(Handforth, Paterson, Coffey-Glover & Mills 2017) and showed how participants drew on discourses of sexism in their responses. Several participants experienced significant conflict in their interpretations, and here we focus on these more complex interpretations, considering the “small stories” (Bamberg & Georgakopoulou 2008) identified in follow-up interviews with participants. Individual narratives acted as mechanisms through which participants linkedBlurred Linesto wider issues such as rape culture, drawing parallels between these and their own lives. Following research in queer linguistics (King 2014;Leap 2014;Motschenbacher 2010) our use of thematic analysis, corpus linguistic tools and narrative analysis highlights the various subject positions that participants negotiated in their storytelling, and how these positions both echoed and challenged normative understandings of gender and sexuality.