bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing future rainfall uncertainties of climate change in Taiwan with a bootstrapped neural network‐based downscaling model
Authors: Li Chi‐Yu , Lin Shiu‐Shin , Chuang Chia‐Min , Hu Yen‐Li 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo investigate the impacts of climate change on Taiwan, a downscaling model (DSM) was used due to the large grid size of general circulation models (GCMs). DSM is a data‐driven model based on the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN). A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was adapted for parameter optimization, and the bootstrap method was employed to assess uncertainty. Two weather stations at similar latitudes but separated by mountains with altitudes of above 3000 m were selected as examples. Three GCMs were chosen for the model building and the assessment of near future (2050–2060) and far future (2080–2090) climate change impacts of three future scenarios A1B, A2 and B1. The results suggest that in the future, rainfall will tend to increase in winter but decrease in summer, with a similar average rainfall. In addition, our results suggest that in the future, typhoons might arrive later in the season.
Nutrition for Travel: From Jet lag To Catering
Authors: Halson Shona L. , Burke Louise M. , Pearce Jeni 
Published: December 2018

Domestic and international travel represents a regular challenge to high-performance track-and-field athletes, particularly when associated with the pressure of competition or the need to support specialized training (e.g., altitude or heat adaptation). Jet lag is a challenge for transmeridian travelers, while fatigue and alterations to gastrointestinal comfort are associated with many types of long-haul travel. Planning food and fluid intake that is appropriate to the travel itinerary may help to reduce problems. Resynchronization of the body clock is achieved principally through manipulation of zeitgebers, such as light exposure; more investigation of the effects of melatonin, caffeine, and the timing/composition of meals will allow clearer guidelines for their contribution to be prepared. At the destination, the athlete, the team management, and catering providers each play a role in achieving eating practices that support optimal performance and success in achieving the goals of the trip. Although the athlete is ultimately responsible for his or her nutrition plan, best practice by all parties will include pretrip consideration of risks around the quality, quantity, availability, and hygiene standards of the local food supply and the organization of strategies to deal with general travel nutrition challenges as well as issues that are specific to the area or the special needs of the group. Management of buffet-style eating, destination-appropriate protocols around food/water and personal hygiene, and arrangement of special food needs including access to appropriate nutritional support between the traditional “3 meals a day” schedule should be part of the checklist.
Exercise-Induced Illness and Inflammation: Can Immunonutrition and Iron Help?
Authors: Castell Lindy M. , Nieman David C. , Bermon Stéphane , Peeling Peter 
Published: December 2018

The main focus of this review is illness among elite athletes, how and why it occurs, and whether any measures can be taken to combat it or to prevent its onset. In particular, there is particular interest in exercise-induced immunodepression, which is a result of the immune system regarding exercise (e.g., prolonged, exhaustive exercise) as a challenge to its function. This promotes the inflammatory response. There is often a high incidence of illness in athletes after undertaking strenuous exercise, particularly among those competing in endurance events, not only mainly in terms of upper respiratory tract illness, but also involving gastrointestinal problems. It may well be that this high incidence is largely due to insufficient recovery time being allowed after, for example, a marathon, a triathlon, or other endurance events. Two examples of the incidence of upper respiratory tract illness in moderate versus endurance exercise are provided. In recent years, increasing numbers of research studies have investigated the origins, symptoms, and incidence of these bouts of illness and have attempted to alleviate the symptoms with supplements, sports foods, or immunonutrition. One aspect of the present review discusses iron deficiency, which has been primarily suggested to have an impact upon cell-mediated immunity. Immunonutrition is also discussed, as are new techniques for investigating links between metabolism and immune function.
On a problem of Erdös related to common factor differences
Authors: Bremner Andrew 
Published: November 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a positive integer. The factor-difference set [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is the set of absolute values [Formula: see text] of the differences between the factors of any factorization of [Formula: see text] as a product of two integers. Erdős and Rosenfeld [The factor–difference set of integers, Acta Arith. 79(4) (1997) 353–359] ask whether for every positive integer [Formula: see text] there exist integers [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], and prove this is true when [Formula: see text]. Urroz [A note on a conjecture of Erdős and Rosenfeld, J. Number Theory 78(1) (1999) 140–143] shows the result true for [Formula: see text]. The ideas of this paper can be extended, and here, we show the result true for [Formula: see text] by proving there are infinitely many sets of four integers with four common factor differences.
МЕЛАТОНІН, ПРОЗАПАЛЬНІ ЦИТОКІНИ ТА ПЛАЦЕНТАРНА НЕДОСТАТНІСТЬ
Authors: Berbets A. M. 
Published: December 2018

Мета дослідження – шляхом дослідження рівнів мелатоніну і прозапальних цитокінів у вагітних із плацентарною недостатністю встановити можливий взаємозв’язок між плацентарною недостатністю та прозапальною ланкою імунітету.
Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 46 вагітних (дослідна група) з плацентарною недостатністю, що була реалізована у вигляді синдрому затримки внутрішньоутробного розвитку плода ІІ–ІІІ ступенів у термін вагітності 30–36 тижнів. Контрольну групу становили 20 жінок з неускладненим перебігом вагітності в той же термін. Для вивчення концентрації мелатоніну в крові використовували набір Melatonin ELISA виробництва IBL (Німеччина). Прозапальні цитокіни, зокрема фактор некрозу пухлин-α (TNF-α), інтерлейкін-1-β (IL-1-β), інтерлейкін-6 (IL-6), визначали в крові за допомогою реактивів виробництва фірми «Вектор-Бест» (Україна).
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що концентрація мелатоніну вірогідно знижується, якщо вагітність ускладнена затримкою внутрішньоутробного розвитку плода (дослідна група – (126,87±14,87) pg/ml, контрольна група – (231,25±21,56) pg/ml, p<0,001). Рівні прозапальних цитокінів у дослідній групі були вірогідно вищими порівняно з контролем (TNF-α: дослідна група – (10,05±1,35) pg/ml, контрольна група – (5,60±1,50) pg/ml, p<0,05; IL-1-β: дослідна група – (14,67±2,13) pg/ml, контрольна група – (3,96±0,92) pg/ml, p<0,001; IL-6: дослідна група – (6,91±0,99) pg/ml, контрольна група – (2,69±0,99) pg/ml, p<0,05).
Висновки. Рівень мелатоніну в крові вірогідно знижується при плацентарній недостатності, що реалізована у вигляді затримки внутрішньоутробного розвитку плода. При даній патології також спостерігається активізація прозапальної ланки імунітету, що проявляється підвищенням у крові рівнів TNF-α, IL-1-β та IL-6.
ЛІМФАНГІОЛЕЙОМІОМАТОЗ. ДІАГНОЗ ТА ЛІКУВАННЯ
Authors: Tkalich V. V. 
Published: December 2018

Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості діагностики та лікування хворих на легеневу форму лімфангіолейоміоматозу (ЛАМ).
Матеріали та методи. Пацієнтка віком 26 років перебувала на лікуванні в КМКЛ № 17 з 07.04.2007 р. по 16.03.2012 р. Їй проводили повний клініко-діагностичний комплекс обстежень та лікування відповідно до діючих протоколів.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. У статті представлено огляд літератури з питання ЛАМ та подано опис клінічного випадку, а також узагальнено особливості діагностики та лікування ЛАМ. Сучасні способи обстеження, хірургічних втручань та раціональна консервативна терапія є методом вибору в діагностиці та лікуванні ЛАМ. Всебічне дообстеження є необхідною передумовою для вибору раціональної тактики подальшого лікування.
Висновки. До сьогодні ЛАМ залишається малодослідженим захворюванням, а його поширеність у світовій популяції досягає 100 000. Оптимальні результати лікування досягаються за умови правильно встановленого діагнозу.
Avaliação do aumento da estabilidade primária na instalação de implantes dentários com variação da instrumentação por meio do torque de inserção e análise de frequência de ressonância
Authors: Koga Mauricio Makoto , Salvoni Alexander D , Wassall Thomaz 
Published: December 2018

Introdução: A descoberta da osseointegração determinou um marco para a terapia reabilitadora na odontologia, possibi­litando tratamentos previsíveis. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar uma técnica alternativa de instalação de im­plantes que proporcionasse melhor estabilidade primária. Materiais e métodos: Foram selecionadas seis costelas suínas frescas para a instalação de 60 implantes cilíndricos usinados divididos em três grupos. Anteriormente à instalação dos implantes, foi realizada a medição da densidade óssea em unidade de Hounsfield com tomografia computadorizada con­vencional. Os valores de densidade óssea foram medidos na posição dos implantes e correlacionados ao torque de inserção e à análise de frequência de ressonância. No grupo-controle usou-se a técnica de instalação onde a última broca utilizada foi a de 3,0 mm preconizada pelo fabricante, enquanto nos grupos 2 e 3 foi utilizada uma técnica alternativa de subinstrumentação e superinstrumentação, onde as últimas brocas utilizadas no preparo do leito cirúrgico foram as de 2,8 mm e 3,15 mm, respectivamente. Foram registrados os valores de torque de inserção máxima no momento da instalação dos implantes, e os valores da frequência de ressonância foram medidos a partir do quociente de estabilidade implantar (ISQ). Resultados: Foi registrado aumento do torque de inserção de 63,1219% quando se utilizou a broca de 2,8 mm como broca final, e se obteve um torque negativo de inserção na marca de -4,071% quando se utilizou a broca 3,15 mm como broca final, na comparação com o grupocontrole. Foi verificada uma correlação entre a estabilidade primária, obtida através da média do torque de inserção do implante, e o diâmetro de preparo do leito receptor do implante com a utilização do implante cilíndrico. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que utilizando essa técnica de preparo alternativo de subinstrumentação o cirurgião pode atingir valores de torque de inserção mais elevados mesmo em osso de baixa densidade, possi­bilitando uma melhor estabilidade primária, adequada para a técnica de carga imediata.
DESCRITORES | Carga Imediata; Torque; Osseointegração; Implante Dentário.
Vorticity Balance off the South Shore of Oahu, Hawaii, Derived by High-Frequency Radio Doppler Current Observations
Authors: Castillo-Trujillo Alma Carolina , Partridge Dale , Powell Brian , Flament Pierre 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHigh-frequency radio Doppler surface current observations off the south shore of Oahu, Hawaii, are used to calculate the vorticity equation at a ~2-km spatial resolution in terms of a time-dependent and time-mean surface balance. First-order terms are mean advection of mean vorticity, vortex stretching, and a residual, which is treated as unquantified terms such as wind stress curl, bottom pressure torque, and noise. The most striking feature in the 2-yr time-mean vorticity balance is the anticorrelation between advection of vorticity and vortex stretching implying that potential vorticity (PV) advection is the most dominant mechanism in the area. Several terms in the depth-integrated vorticity balance were also estimated. The bottom pressure torque acts as a first-order term only in areas of shallow topography. A PV analysis resulted in the 50-m Penguin Bank steering the westward Hawaiian Lee Current.
Jet Instability over Smooth, Corrugated, and Realistic Bathymetry
Authors: LaCasce J. H. , Escartin J. , Chassignet Eric. P. , Xu Xiaobiao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe stability of a horizontally and vertically sheared surface jet is examined, with a focus on the vertical structure of the resultant eddies. Over a flat bottom, the instability is mixed baroclinic/barotropic, producing strong eddies at depth that are characteristically shifted downstream relative to the surface eddies. Baroclinic instability is suppressed over a large slope for retrograde jets (with a flow antiparallel to topographic wave propagation) and to a lesser extent for prograde jets (with flow parallel to topographic wave propagation), as seen previously. In such cases, barotropic (lateral) instability dominates if the jet is sufficiently narrow. This yields surface eddies whose size is independent of the slope but proportional to the jet width. Deep eddies still form, forced by interfacial motion associated with the surface eddies, but they are weaker than under baroclinic instability and are vertically aligned with the surface eddies. A sinusoidal ridge acts similarly, suppressing baroclinic instability and favoring lateral instability in the upper layer. A ridge with a 1-km wavelength and an amplitude of roughly 10 m is sufficient to suppress baroclinic instability. Surveys of bottom roughness from bathymetry acquired with shipboard multibeam echo sounding reveal that such heights are common beneath the Kuroshio, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and, to a lesser extent, the Gulf Stream. Consistent with this, vorticity and velocity cross sections from a 1/50° HYCOM simulation suggest that Gulf Stream eddies are vertically aligned, as in the linear stability calculations with strong topography. Thus, lateral instability may be more common than previously thought, owing to topography hindering vertical energy transfer.
Artificial intelligence-enabled healthcare delivery
Authors: Reddy Sandeep , Fox John , Purohit Maulik P 
Published: December 2018

Summary In recent years, there has been massive progress in artificial intelligence (AI) with the development of deep neural networks, natural language processing, computer vision and robotics. These techniques are now actively being applied in healthcare with many of the health service activities currently being delivered by clinicians and administrators predicted to be taken over by AI in the coming years. However, there has also been exceptional hype about the abilities of AI with a mistaken notion that AI will replace human clinicians altogether. These perspectives are inaccurate, and if a balanced perspective of the limitations and promise of AI is taken, one can gauge which parts of the health system AI can be integrated to make a meaningful impact. The four main areas where AI would have the most influence would be: patient administration, clinical decision support, patient monitoring and healthcare interventions. This health system where AI plays a central role could be termed an AI-enabled or AI-augmented health system. In this article, we discuss how this system can be developed based on a realistic assessment of current AI technologies and predicted developments.
Value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes and N-stage of gastric cancer
Authors: Jiang Min , Wang Xiaoxiao , Shan Xiuhong , Pan Donggang , Jia Yingjun , Ni Enzhen , Hu Yuan , Huang Hao 
Published: December 2018

Objective To establish new diagnostic criteria for improvement of the accuracy of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in diagnosing the N-stage and lymph node (LN) metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). Methods MSCT was performed with plain and triphasic dynamic contrast enhancement. Different regions of LN metastasis and N-staging were determined according to the herein-proposed combined diagnostic criteria and were then correlated with the pathological analysis. The Kappa consistency test was used to study the accuracy of MSCT. Results The accuracy of MSCT in diagnosing the N-stage as a whole was 86.3%, and that in diagnosing LN metastasis was 79.1% to 98.9%. The Kappa values for stages N0, N1, and N3 ranged from 0.449 to 0.662, indicating good consistency in diagnosing these three stages between MSCT and the postsurgical pathological results. The Ktotal value was 0.567 between MSCT and the postsurgical pathological results in diagnosing LN metastasis. The risk of LN metastasis increased with the progression of lesion infiltrates. Conclusions Application of the combined diagnostic criteria increased the diagnostic performance of MSCT in not only judging the N-stage but also diagnosing LN metastasis. This study will provide valuable reference data for surgical planning for patients with GC in the clinical setting.
Midterm Outcomes of a Synthetic Cartilage Implant for the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint in Advanced Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Glazebrook Mark , Blundell Chris M. , O’Dowd Dominic , Singh Dishan , de Vries Gwyneth , Le Ian L. D. , Nielsen Dominic , Pedersen M. Elizabeth , Sakellariou Anthony , Solan Matthew , Wansbrough Guy , Younger Alastair S. E. , Baumhauer Judith F. , Daniels Timothy R. 
Published: December 2018

Background: A prospective, randomized, noninferiority clinical trial of synthetic cartilage implant hemiarthroplasty for hallux rigidus demonstrated functional outcomes and safety equivalent to first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis at 24 months. We prospectively assessed safety and efficacy outcomes for synthetic cartilage implant hemiarthroplasty at a minimum of 5 years. Methods: Of 135 eligible patients from the original trial, 112 (83.0%) were enrolled (mean age, 58.2 ± 8.8 years; 87 females). Pain visual analog scale (VAS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and FAAM Sports subscales were completed preoperatively and 2 and 5 years postoperatively. Great toe active dorsiflexion, weightbearing radiographs, secondary procedures, and safety parameters were also evaluated. Results: At 24 months, 14/152 (9.2%) patients had undergone implant removal and conversion to arthrodesis. In years 2 to 5, 9/119 (7.6%) patients underwent implant removal and conversion to arthrodesis. At mean 5.8 ± 0.7 (range, 4.4-8.0) years’ follow-up, pain VAS, FAAM ADL, and FAAM Sports scores improved by 57.9 ± 18.6 points, 33.0 ± 17.6 points, and 47.9 ± 27.1 points, respectively, from baseline. Clinically significant changes in VAS pain, FAAM ADL, and FAAM Sports were reported by 103/106 (97.2%), 95/105 (90.5%), and 97/104 (93.3%) patients, respectively. Patient-reported outcomes at 24 months were maintained at 5.8 years in patients who were not revised. Active MTP joint peak dorsiflexion was maintained. Ninety-nine of 106 (93.4%) patients would have the procedure again. Conclusion: Clinical and safety outcomes for synthetic cartilage implant hemiarthroplasty observed at 2 years were maintained at 5.8 years. The implant remains a viable treatment option to decrease pain, improve function, and maintain motion for advanced hallux rigidus. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Endovascular treatment of cephalic arch stenosis in brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: D’cruz Reuban Toby , Leong Sze Wai , Syn Nicholas , Tiwari Alok , Sannasi Vikram Vijayan , Singh Sidhu Harvinder Raj , Tang Tjun Yip 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study is to appraise the current literature on the endovascular management options and their outcomes of cephalic arch stenosis in the setting of a failing brachiocephalic fistula for hemodialysis. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to December 2017 in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the outcomes of endovascular management of cephalic arch stenosis. Data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies, published in the English language, were extracted to determine pooled proportion of primary and secondary patency, using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses of stent grafts, bare metal stents, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty outcomes were performed. Results: Of the 125 total studies, 11 were included for analysis by consensus. Overall, 457 patients were reviewed and analyzed for primary and secondary patency rates at 6 and 12 months post-treatment. There was significantly higher primary patency at both 6 and 12 months in the stent graft group compared to those who received bare metal stents or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (relative risk = 0.30–0.31, relative risk = 0.34–0.59, respectively; p < 0.01). Higher secondary patency rates were noted in the bare metal stents cohort compared to the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty cohort at 12 months (relative risk = 0.17, 95% confidence interval = 0.07–0.26; p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a significant benefit in using stent grafts in cephalic arch stenosis compared to bare metal stents or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with higher primary and secondary patency rates.
Incidence and risk factors for dental pathology in patients planned for elective total hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Vuorinen M. , Mäkinen T. , Rantasalo M. , Leskinen J. , Välimaa H. , Huotari K. 
Published: December 2018

Background and Aims: To prevent severe prosthetic joint infections, a dental examination is usually recommended prior to arthroplasty, even sometimes regarded resource- and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to determine whether a risk factor-based algorithm could be created to send only selected patients for dental clearance. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 952 patients scheduled for elective arthroplasty was performed. Patients filled out a questionnaire regarding potential risk factors for dental infections, and dentists documented patients’ oral health and interventions performed (data available for 731 patients). Results: Of the patients, 215 (29.4%) failed dental clearance; a total of 432 teeth were extracted, 32 patients (4.4%) required root canal treatment, and 37 patients (5.1%) had severe periodontitis. Independent risk factors for failure were history of root canal treatment (odds ratio: 2.282, 95% confidence interval: 1.346–3.869, p = 0.020), use of tobacco products (odds ratio: 1.704, 95% confidence interval: 1.033–2.810, p = 0.037), dental visit indicated by oral symptoms within 3 months (odds ratio: 1.828, 95% confidence interval: 1.183–2.827, p = 0.007), or visit to a dentist within 6 months (odds ratio: 1.538, 95% confidence interval: 1.063–2.224, p = 0.022). Regular dental examination was a preventive factor (odds ratio: 0.519, 95% confidence interval: 0.349–0.773, p = 0.001). However, based on the examined risk factors, no sufficiently large group of patients at lesser risk for dental infections could be identified. Conclusion: Because of the high need for dental care revealed by our unselected patient population, the inspection and treatment of dental pathology of all patients are important interventions prior to elective arthroplasty.