bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Romantic functioning mediates prospective associations between childhood abuse and neglect and parenting outcomes in adulthood
Authors: Labella Madelyn H. , Raby K. Lee , Martin Jodi , Roisman Glenn I. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResearch suggests intergenerational links between childhood abuse and neglect and subsequent parenting quality, but little is known about the potential mechanisms underlying intergenerational continuities in parenting. Adult romantic functioning may be one plausible mechanism, given its documented associations with both adverse caregiving in childhood and parenting quality in adulthood. The present study used data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation to (a) investigate prospective associations between childhood experiences of abuse and neglect and multiple parenting outcomes in adulthood, and (b) evaluate the degree to which adult romantic functioning mediates those associations. Information regarding childhood abuse and neglect was gathered prospectively from birth through age 17.5 years. Multimethod assessments of romantic functioning were collected repeatedly through early adulthood (ages 20 to 32 years), and parenting quality was assessed as participants assumed a parenting role (ages 21 to 38 years). As expected, childhood abuse and neglect experiences predicted less supportive parenting (observed and interview rated) and higher likelihood of self-reported Child Protective Services involvement. The association with interview-rated supportive parenting was partially mediated by lower romantic competence, whereas the association with Child Protective Services involvement was partially mediated by more relational violence in adult romantic relationships. Implications of these novel prospective findings for research and clinical intervention are discussed.
Barriers to Breastfeeding in Disasters in the Context of Iran
Authors: MirMohamadaliIe Mandana , Khani Jazani Reza , Sohrabizadeh Sanaz , Nikbakht Nasrabadi Alireza 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionNatural disasters have many effects on vulnerable groups, especially infants and children. Protecting breastfeeding in disasters is important, because artificial feeding puts a lot of risk to the child. In disasters, artificial nutrition is dangerous to children and its supplementation requires special equipment. There is little information on the nutritional status of infants after disasters in Iran.ProblemThe purpose of this study was to explore the barriers to appropriate lactation after disasters in Iran.MethodThis was a qualitative study using a content analysis method. A total of 19 midwives with disaster-relief experiences were approached for interview. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using the Graneheim’s approach.ResultsThe categories of maternal factors, neonatal factors, management factors, and context-base factors were extracted from the data.ConclusionThe challenges of social support, mothers’ self-efficacy, educated staff for disasters, and privacy for breastfeeding can be considered as important barriers to breastfeeding in disasters. Training programs, as well as health system support, can help overcome the breastfeeding barriers in disasters.MirMohamadaliIeM, Khani JazaniR, SohrabizadehS, Nikbakht NasrabadiA. Barriers to breastfeeding in disasters in the context of Iran. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(1):20–24.
Spatial and Compositional Biases Introduced by Position Sensitive Detection Systems in APT: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Bacchi C. , Da Costa G. , Vurpillot F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDue to the low capacity of contemporary position-sensitive detectors in atom probe tomography (APT) to detect multiple events, material analyses that exhibit high numbers of multiple events are the most subject to compositional biases. To solve this limitation, some researchers have developed statistical correction algorithms. However, those algorithms are only efficient when one is confronted with homogeneous materials having nearly the same evaporation field between elements. Therefore, dealing with more complex materials must be accompanied by a better understanding of the signal loss mechanism during APT experiments. By modeling the evaporation mechanism and the whole APT detection system, it may be possible to predict compositional and spatial biases induced by the detection system. This paper introduces a systematic study of the impact of the APT detection system on material analysis through the development of a simulation tool.
Location of Seismic “Hum” Sources Following Storms in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Maurya Satish , Taira Taka'aki , Romanowicz Barbara 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe investigate the spatially and temporally varying distributions of sources of the Earth's low‐frequency seismic hum at high space‐time resolution during a seismically quiet 7‐day period in December 2015, when two large storms with different reaches propagate across the North Pacific Ocean. We integrate information from a variety of data from ocean wave height, infragravity wave prediction model, and broadband seismic data. We analyze seismic data to understand the seismic hum better: power spectral density at stations for detection and location of sources using array beamforming and backprojection methods, with a ~3‐hr temporal and ~5° spatial resolution. For storms propagating west to east across the northern Pacific hitting the west coast of North America broadscale, we show that the distribution of hum sources is consistent with a model of seismic energy generated via infragravity waves, produced near the impact location of the storm, and propagating along the coast as well as toward the open ocean. The generation of seismic hum depends strongly on the reach of the storm and is very weak for a storm with more northerly propagation toward Alaska. At shorter periods (e.g., ~70 s), the seismic hum is generated in a narrow band that follows the coast, reaching progressively further to the north, while at longer periods (e.g. 150 s), it covers a broader area reaching far into the deep ocean. It may thus be possible to predict the distribution of the strongest “hum” sources, to first order, from the knowledge of the direction of propagation and strength of northern Pacific storms.
Exospheric Neutral Hydrogen Density at the Nominal 10 RE Subsolar Point Deduced From XMM‐Newton X‐Ray Observations
Authors: Connor Hyunju K. , Carter Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe investigate the exospheric neutral density near the subsolar magnetopause, assuming Xgse = 10 RE as its typical location, to support the upcoming Solar wind‐Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Link Explorer that will visualize the Earth's magnetosheath and cusps in soft X‐rays. Neutral hydrogen density is a key parameter that controls soft X‐ray emission and can be inversely extracted from the soft X‐ray observations. We introduce a unique method to estimate the dayside neutral density by using X‐ray Multi‐Mirror Mission (XMM)‐Newton astrophysics X‐ray observations and Open Geospace Global Circulation Model (OpenGGCM) global magnetosphere‐ionosphere magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model. On 4 May 2003 and 16 October 2001, the XMM‐Newton line of sight traversed the dayside of the Earth's magnetosheath and observed strong near‐Earth soft X‐ray emission. We simulate these two events using the OpenGGCM model. Although the model tends to produce a spatially thicker magnetosheath than measured, modeled magnetosheath plasma fluxes match well with the in situ observations of Cluster and Geotail. We calculate the neutral densities every thousand seconds by comparing the modeled count rates with the XMM‐Newton rates. The densities are averaged at 39.9 ± 8.0 and 57.6 ± 8.0 cm−3 for the 4 May 2003 and 16 October 2001 events, respectively. Since our MHD tends to underestimate neutral densities due to its thicker magnetosheath, the true neutral density is likely to lie within the upper half of these error bars.
Observations of Rising Methane Bubbles in Trondheimsfjord and Its Implications to Gas Dissolution
Authors: Olsen J. E. , Krause D. F. , Davies E. J. , Skjetne P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGas dissolution reduces the release of methane to the atmosphere from subsea sources. Being able to predict and assess the methane flux to the atmosphere requires knowledge on gas dissolution and mass transfer. This can be obtained by studying the size evolution of bubbles rising in water. New data of bubble size evolution have been obtained by releasing, tracking, and filming methane bubbles with an ROV in the Trondheimsfjord from depths varying between 100 and 300 m. Released bubbles had an initial diameter between 5 and 7 mm and were tracked until they reached a diameter of roughly 2 mm. The new data were compared against theory, applying established correlations for the mass transfer coefficient. There was an inconsistency between experiment and theory. Thus, new correlations for the mass transfer are proposed. The new correlations are consistent with both the new experiments and previously published experiments. They indicate that the conditions in the ocean can be labeled as partly contaminated with respect to mass transfer.
Dam Operations and Subsurface Hydrogeology Control Dynamics of Hydrologic Exchange Flows in a Regulated River Reach
Authors: Shuai Pin , Chen Xingyuan , Song Xuehang , Hammond Glenn E. , Zachara John , Royer Patrick , Ren Huiying , Perkins William A. , Richmond Marshall C. , Huang Maoyi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHydrologic exchange flows (HEFs) across the river‐aquifer interface have important implications for biogeochemical processes and contaminant plume migration in the river corridor, yet little is known about the hydrogeomorphic factors that control HEFs dynamics under dynamic flow conditions. Here, we developed a 3‐D numerical model for a large regulated river corridor along the Columbia River to study how HEFs are controlled by the interplays between dam‐regulated flow conditions and hydrogeomorphic features of such river corridor system. Our results revealed highly variable intra‐annual spatiotemporal patterns in HEFs along the 75‐km river reach, as well as strong interannual variability with larger exchange volumes in wet years than dry years. In general, the river was losing during late spring to early summer when the river stage was high, and river was gaining in fall and winter when river stage was low. The magnitude and timing of river stage fluctuations controlled the timing of high exchange rates. Both river channel geomorphology and the thickness of a highly permeable river bank geologic layer controlled the locations of exchange hot spots, while the latter played a dominant role. Dam‐induced, subdaily to daily river stage fluctuations drove high‐frequency variations in HEFs across the river‐aquifer interfaces, resulting in greater overall exchange volumes as compared to the case without high‐frequency flows. Our results demonstrated that upstream dam operations enhanced the exchange between river water and groundwater with strong potential influence on the associated biogeochemical processes and on the fate and transport of groundwater contaminant plumes in such river corridors.
Subverted regulation of Nox1 NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidant generation by protein disulfide isomerase A1 in colon carcinoma cells with overactivated KRas
Authors: De Bessa Tiphany Coralie , Pagano Alessandra , Moretti Ana Iochabel Soares , Oliveira Percillia Victoria Santos , Mendonça Samir Andrade , Kovacic Herve , Laurindo Francisco Rafael Martins 
Published: February 2019

AbstractProtein disulfide isomerases including PDIA1 are implicated in cancer progression, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. PDIA1 is known to support vascular Nox1 NADPH oxidase expression/activation. Since deregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production underlies tumor growth, we proposed that PDIA1 is an upstream regulator of tumor-associated ROS. We focused on colorectal cancer (CRC) with distinct KRas activation levels. Analysis of RNAseq databanks and direct validation indicated enhanced PDIA1 expression in CRC with constitutive high (HCT116) vs. moderate (HKE3) and basal (Caco2) Ras activity. PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Transfection of Rac1G12V active mutant into HKE3 cells induced PDIA1 to become restrictive of Nox1-dependent superoxide, while in HCT116 cells treated with Rac1 inhibitor, PDIA1 became supportive of superoxide. PDIA1 silencing promoted diminished cell proliferation and migration in HKE3, not detectable in HCT116 cells. Screening of cell signaling routes affected by PDIA1 silencing highlighted GSK3β and Stat3. Also, E-cadherin expression after PDIA1 silencing was decreased in HCT116, consistent with PDIA1 support of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Thus, Ras overactivation switches the pattern of PDIA1-dependent Rac1/Nox1 regulation, so that Ras-induced PDIA1 bypass can directly activate Rac1. PDIA1 may be a crucial regulator of redox-dependent adaptive processes related to cancer progression.
Dyke intrusion between neighbouring arc volcanoes responsible for 2017 pre-eruptive seismic swarm at Agung
Authors: Albino Fabien , Biggs Juliet , Syahbana Devy Kamil 
Published: February 2019

AbstractForecasting explosive eruptions relies on using monitoring data to interpret the patterns and timescales of magma transport and mixing. In September 2017, a distal seismic swarm triggered the evacuation of around 140,000 people from Agung volcano, Bali. From satellite imagery and 3D numerical models, we show that seismicity was associated with a deep, sub-vertical magma intrusion between Agung and its neighbour Batur. This, combined with observations of the 1963 eruption which caused more than thousand fatalities, suggests a vertically and laterally interconnected system experiencing recurring magma mixing. The geometry of the 2017 dyke is consistent with transport from a deep mafic source to a shallow andesitic reservoir controlled by stresses induced by the topographic load, but not the regional tectonics. The ongoing interactions between Agung and Batur have important implications for interpretation of distal seismicity, the links between closely spaced arc volcanoes, and the potential for cascading hazards.
Enhanced photoelectrical response of thermodynamically epitaxial organic crystals at the two-dimensional limit
Authors: Cao Min , Zhang Cong , Cai Zhi , Xiao Chengcheng , Chen Xiaosong , Yi Kongyang , Yang Yingguo , Lu Yunhao , Wei Dacheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOwing to strong light-matter interaction, two-dimensional (2D) organic crystal is regarded as promising materials for ultrasensitive photodetectors, however it still received limited success due to degraded photoelectrical response and problems in controllable growth. Here, we find the growth of 2D organic crystal obeys Gibbs-Curie-Wulff law, and develop a seed-epitaxial drop-casting method to grow millimeter-sized 1,4-bis(4-methylstyryl)benzene 2D crystals on SiO2/Si in a thermodynamically controlled process. On SiO2/Si, a distinct 2D limit effect is observed, which remarkably enhances internal photoresponsivity compared with bulk crystals. Experiment and calculation show the molecules stack more compactly at the 2D limit, thus better molecular orbital overlap and corresponding changes in the band structure lead to efficient separation and transfer of photo-generated carriers as well as enhanced photo-gating modulation. This work provides a general insight into the growth and the dimension effect of the 2D organic crystal, which is valuable for the application in high-performance photoelectrical devices.
Diversity within the adenovirus fiber knob hypervariable loops influences primary receptor interactions
Authors: Baker Alexander T. , Greenshields-Watson Alexander , Coughlan Lynda , Davies James A. , Uusi-Kerttula Hanni , Cole David K. , Rizkallah Pierre J. , Parker Alan L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAdenovirus based vectors are of increasing importance for wide ranging therapeutic applications. As vaccines, vectors derived from human adenovirus species D serotypes 26 and 48 (HAdV-D26/48) are demonstrating promising efficacy as protective platforms against infectious diseases. Significant clinical progress has been made, yet definitive studies underpinning mechanisms of entry, infection, and receptor usage are currently lacking. Here, we perform structural and biological analysis of the receptor binding fiber-knob protein of HAdV-D26/48, reporting crystal structures, and modelling putative interactions with two previously suggested attachment receptors, CD46 and Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR). We provide evidence of a low affinity interaction with CAR, with modelling suggesting affinity is attenuated through extended, semi-flexible loop structures, providing steric hindrance. Conversely, in silico and in vitro experiments are unable to provide evidence of interaction between HAdV-D26/48 fiber-knob with CD46, or with Desmoglein 2. Our findings provide insight into the cell-virus interactions of HAdV-D26/48, with important implications for the design and engineering of optimised Ad-based therapeutics.
Tree-ring isotopes capture interannual vegetation productivity dynamics at the biome scale
Authors: Levesque Mathieu , Andreu-Hayles Laia , Smith William Kolby , Williams A. Park , Hobi Martina L. , Allred Brady W. , Pederson Neil 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHistorical and future trends in net primary productivity (NPP) and its sensitivity to global change are largely unknown because of the lack of long-term, high-resolution data. Here we test whether annually resolved tree-ring stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes can be used as proxies for reconstructing past NPP. Stable isotope chronologies from four sites within three distinct hydroclimatic environments in the eastern United States (US) were compared in time and space against satellite-derived NPP products, including the long-term Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS3g) NPP (1982–2011), the newest high-resolution Landsat NPP (1986–2015), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 2001–2015) NPP. We show that tree-ring isotopes, in particular δ18O, correlate strongly with satellite NPP estimates at both local and large geographical scales in the eastern US. These findings represent an important breakthrough for estimating interannual variability and long-term changes in terrestrial productivity at the biome scale.
X-ray nanotomography of coccolithophores reveals that coccolith mass and segment number correlate with grid size
Authors: Beuvier T. , Probert I. , Beaufort L. , Suchéras-Marx B. , Chushkin Y. , Zontone F. , Gibaud A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCoccolithophores of the Noëlaerhabdaceae family are covered by imbricated coccoliths, each composed of multiple calcite crystals radially distributed around the periphery of a grid. The factors that determine coccolith size remain obscure. Here, we used synchrotron-based three-dimensional Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging to study coccoliths of 7 species of Gephyrocapsa, Emiliania and Reticulofenestra with a resolution close to 30 nm. Segmentation of 45 coccoliths revealed remarkable size, mass and segment number variations, even within single coccospheres. In particular, we observed that coccolith mass correlates with grid perimeter which scales linearly with crystal number. Our results indirectly support the idea that coccolith mass is determined in the coccolith vesicle by the size of the organic base plate scale (OBPS) around which R-unit nucleation occurs every 110–120 nm. The curvation of coccoliths allows inference of a positive correlation between cell nucleus, OBPS and coccolith sizes.
Numerous cultivated and uncultivated viruses encode ribosomal proteins
Authors: Mizuno Carolina M. , Guyomar Charlotte , Roux Simon , Lavigne Régis , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco , Sullivan Matthew B. , Gillet Reynald , Forterre Patrick , Krupovic Mart 
Published: February 2019

AbstractViruses modulate ecosystems by directly altering host metabolisms through auxiliary metabolic genes. However, viral genomes are not known to encode the core components of translation machinery, such as ribosomal proteins (RPs). Here, using reference genomes and global-scale viral metagenomic datasets, we identify 14 different RPs across viral genomes arising from cultivated viral isolates and metagenome-assembled viruses. Viruses tend to encode dynamic RPs, easily exchangeable between ribosomes, suggesting these proteins can replace cellular versions in host ribosomes. Functional assays confirm that the two most common virus-encoded RPs, bS21 and bL12, are incorporated into 70S ribosomes when expressed inEscherichia coli. Ecological distribution of virus-encoded RPs suggests some level of ecosystem adaptations as aquatic viruses and viruses of animal-associated bacteria are enriched for different subsets of RPs. Finally, RP genes are under purifying selection and thus likely retained an important function after being horizontally transferred into virus genomes.
Electron-nuclear correlated multiphoton-route to Rydberg fragments of molecules
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Gong Xiaochun , Li Hui , Lu Peifen , Sun Fenghao , Ji Qinying , Lin Kang , Ma Junyang , Li Hanxiao , Qiang Junjie , He Feng , Wu Jian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAtoms and molecules exposed to strong laser fields can be excited to the Rydberg states with very high principal quantum numbers and large orbitals. It allows acceleration of neutral particles, generate near-threshold harmonics, and reveal multiphoton Rabi oscillations and rich photoelectron spectra. However, the physical mechanism of Rydberg state excitation in strong laser fields is yet a puzzle. Here, we identify the electron-nuclear correlated multiphoton excitation as the general mechanism by coincidently measuring all charged and neutral fragments ejected from a H2 molecule. Ruled by the ac-Stark effect, the internuclear separation for resonant multiphoton excitation varies with the laser intensity. It alters the photon energy partition between the ejected electrons and nuclei and thus leads to distinct kinetic energy spectra of the nuclear fragments. The electron-nuclear correlation offers an alternative visual angle to capture rich ultrafast processes of complex molecules.
Subcortical electrophysiological activity is detectable with high-density EEG source imaging
Authors: Seeber Martin , Cantonas Lucia-Manuela , Hoevels Mauritius , Sesia Thibaut , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Michel Christoph M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSubcortical neuronal activity is highly relevant for mediating communication in large-scale brain networks. While electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings provide appropriate temporal resolution and coverage to study whole brain dynamics, the feasibility to detect subcortical signals is a matter of debate. Here, we investigate if scalp EEG can detect and correctly localize signals recorded with intracranial electrodes placed in the centromedial thalamus, and in the nucleus accumbens. Externalization of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes, placed in these regions, provides the unique opportunity to record subcortical activity simultaneously with high-density (256 channel) scalp EEG. In three patients during rest with eyes closed, we found significant correlation between alpha envelopes derived from intracranial and EEG source reconstructed signals. Highest correlation was found for source signals in close proximity to the actual recording sites, given by the DBS electrode locations. Therefore, we present direct evidence that scalp EEG indeed can sense subcortical signals.