bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ist die soziale Lage der Menschen mit Behinderung „prekär“? – Theoretische Anregungen für die Teilhabeforschung in Deutschland
Authors: Schrauth Bernhard 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung:
Die Prekarisierungstheorie ist ein soziologischer Erklärungsansatz zur Genese sozialer Exklusion in modernen Lohnarbeitsgesellschaften und beschreibt die soziale Ausgrenzung als dynamischen und graduellen Prozess. Entscheidend für die Einbindung des Individuums in die Gesellschaft ist die soziale Positionierung auf den Inte­grations­achsen der Erwerbs­arbeit und des sozialen Lebensumfeldes. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Erklärungs­muster der Prekarisierungstheorie auf das Forschungsfeld der Teilhabe­forschung übertragen und auf die soziale Lage der Menschen mit Behinderung in Deutschland bezogen. Darüber hinaus werden Grenzen der Übertragbarkeit aufgezeigt und Bezugs­punkte für die empirische Teilhabeforschung hergestellt. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die inhaltlichen Grundlagen für die Untersuchung der in verschiedenen Gesellschaftsbereichen oftmals eingeschränkten Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderung zu erweitern.
Abstract: The social situation of persons with disabilities in the perspective of the theory on precariousness – new ideas for the participatory research in Germany
The theory on precariousness is a sociological approach to describe the occurrence of social exclusion in modern industrialized societies. It captures the phenomenon of social exclusion as a dynamic and gradual process. Accordingly, integration into society depends above all on the individuals’ social positioning in the societal areas of employment and one’s social environment. In this article, the explanatory approach will be adapted to the field of participatory research and the social situation of persons with disabilities. Moreover, limitations of the transfer are outlined and reference points for the empirical investigation in the field of participatory research are established. This contribution aims to broaden the theoretical foundation for empirically oriented research of the often limited participation of persons with disabilities in society.
OGLE-2015-BLG-1670Lb: A Cold Neptune beyond the Snow Line in the Provisional WFIRST Microlensing Survey Field
Authors: Ranc Clément , Bennett David P. , Hirao Yuki , Udalski Andrzej , Han Cheongho , Bond Ian A. , Yee Jennifer C. ,   and, Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn-Kil , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Zang Weicheng , Zhu Wei , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yong-Seok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard K. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Itow Yoshitaka , Kawasaki Kohei , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Alex Li Man Cheung , Matsubara Yutaka , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Nagakane Masayuki , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Suematsu Haruno , Sullivan Denis J. , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tristram Paul J. , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Poleski Radosław , Mróz Przemek , Skowron Jan , Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Kozłowski Szymon , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Ulaczyk Krzysztof ,   (The OGLE Collaboration)
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present the analysis of the microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-1670, detected in a high-extinction field very close to the Galactic plane. Due to the dust extinction along the line of sight, this event was too faint to be detected before it reached the peak of magnification. The microlensing light-curve models indicate a high-magnification event with a maximum of A
max ≳ 200, very sensitive to planetary deviations. An anomaly in the light curve has been densely observed by the microlensing surveys MOA, KMTNet, and OGLE. From the light-curve modeling, we find a planetary anomaly characterized by a planet-to-host mass ratio,

q
=

1.00

−
0.16

+
0.18

×

10

−
4

, at the peak recently identified in the mass-ratio function of microlensing planets. Thus, this event is interesting to include in future statistical studies about planet demography. We have explored the possible degeneracies and find two competing planetary models resulting from the

s
↔
1

/

s

degeneracy. However, because the projected separation is very close to s = 1, the physical implications for the planet for the two solutions are quite similar, except for the value of s. By combining the light-curve parameters with a Galactic model, we have estimated the planet mass M
2 =

17.9

−
8.8

+
9.6

M

⊕

and the lens distance

D

L

=

6.7

−
1.3

+
1.0

kpc

, corresponding to a Neptune-mass planet close to the Galactic bulge. Such events with a low absolute latitude (

∣
b
∣
≈
1
.°
1

) are subject to both high extinction and more uncertain source distances, two factors that may affect the mass measurements in the provisional Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope fields. More events are needed to investigate the potential trade-off between the higher lensing rate and the difficulty in measuring masses in these low-latitude fields.
Modeling the Formation of the Family of the Dwarf Planet Haumea
Authors: Proudfoot Benjamin C. N. , Ragozzine Darin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The dwarf planet (136108) Haumea has an intriguing combination of unique physical properties: near-breakup spin, two regular satellites, and an unexpectedly compact family. While these properties point toward formation by a collision, there is no self-consistent and reasonably probable formation hypothesis that can connect the unusually rapid spin and low relative velocities of Haumea family members (“Haumeans”). We explore and test the proposed formation hypotheses (catastrophic collision, graze-and-merge, and satellite collision) in detail. We flexibly parameterize the properties of the collision (e.g., the collision location) and use simple models for the unique three-dimensional velocity ejection field expected from each model to generate simulated families. These are then compared to the observed Kuiper Belt objects using Bayesian parameter inference, including a mixture model that robustly allows for interlopers from the background population. After testing our methodology, we find that the best match to the observed Haumeans is an essentially isotropic ejection field with a typical velocity of 150 m s−1. The graze-and-merge formation hypothesis—in which Haumeans are shed due to excess angular momentum—is clearly disfavored because the observed Haumeans are not oriented in a plane. The satellite collision model is also disfavored. Including these new constraints, we present a detailed discussion of the formation hypotheses, including variations, some of which are tested. Some new hypotheses are proposed (a cratering collision and a collision where Haumea’s upper layers are “missing”) and scrutinized. We do not identify a satisfactory formation hypothesis, but we do propose several avenues of additional investigation. In the process of these analyses, we identify many new candidate Haumeans and dynamically confirm seven of them as consistent with the observed family. We also confirm that Haumeans have a shallow size distribution and discuss implications for the discovery and identification of new Haumeans.
CALSPEC: Wide Field Camera 3 Infrared Grism Spectrophotometry
Authors: Bohlin Ralph C. , Deustua Susana E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The collections of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) CALSPEC database are augmented by 19 infrared (IR) SEDs from Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) IR grism spectra. Together, the two IR grisms, G102 and G141, cover the 0.8–1.7 μm range with resolutions of R = 200 and 150, respectively. These new WFC3 SEDs overlap existing CALSPEC Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) standard star flux distributions at 0.8–1 μm with agreement to ≲1%. Some CALSPEC standards already have near-IR camera and multi-object spectrogragh (NICMOS) SEDs; but in their overlap region at 0.8–1.7 μm, the WFC3 data have better wavelength accuracy, better spectral resolution, better repeatability, and, consequently, better flux distributions of ∼1% accuracy in our CALSPEC absolute flux SEDs versus ∼2% for NICMOS. With the improved SEDs in the WFC3 range, the modeled extrapolations to 32 μm for the James Webb Space Telescope flux standards begin to lose precision longward of the 1.7 μm WFC3 limit, instead of at the 1.0-μm-long wavelength limit for STIS. For example, the extrapolated IR flux longward of 1.7 μm for 1808347 increases by ∼1% for the model fit to the data with WFC3, instead of just to the STIS SED alone.
SOFIA/FORCAST Observations of the Sgr A-H H ii Regions: Using Dust Emission to Elucidate the Heating Sources
Authors: Hankins M. J. , Lau R. M. , Mills E. A. C. , Morris M. R. , Herter T. L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Sgr A-H H ii regions are a collection of sources that may represent one of the most recent sites of star formation in the Galactic center (GC). Examining these H ii regions provides important information on the prevalence and distribution of massive stars in the region and may provide clues on the origin of other massive field stars throughout the GC. In this work, we present infrared imaging observations of the Sgr A-H H ii regions taken with the Faint Object Infrared Camera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) at 19.7, 25.2, 31.5, and 37.1 μm. These data provide high angular resolution maps (∼4″) of the sources, which allow us to study the morphology of spatially extended H ii regions in detail. The wavelength coverage of FORCAST also supplies important constraints on the dust mass, temperature, and luminosity of the sources. We produce spectral energy distribution models using DustEM to measure the luminosity and dust mass, which range from ∼3 × 103 to 6 × 105
L
⊙ and from ∼6 × 10−4 to 3 × 10−1 M
⊙, respectively. Analysis of dust temperatures in the four spatially extended H ii regions (H1, H2, H3, and H5) shows that three of these objects require multiple heating sources, and we identify potential stellar candidates. We also compare the size and morphology of the H ii regions and demonstrate that the properties of H2 are consistent with in situ star formation. Lastly, we identify nine additional sources that may be part of the H complex and provide initial characterizations of their infrared emission.
APEX Observations of the CO Envelope around the Young FUor-type Star V883 Ori
Authors: White J. A. , Kóspál Á. , Rab C. , Ábrahám P. , de Miera F. Cruz-Sáenz , Csengeri T. , Fehér O. , Güsten R. , Henning T. , Vorobyov E. , Audard M. , Postel A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The accretion-driven outbursts of young FU Orionis–type stars may be a common stage of pre-main-sequence evolution and can have a significant impact on the circumstellar environment as it pertains to the growth of solids and eventually planets. This episodic accretion is thought to be sustained by additional gas infalling from the circumstellar envelope and disk. We present APEX observations of the CO gas in the envelope around V883 Orionis, a young outbursting star. The observations mapped the 12CO(4–3), 12CO(3–2), and 13CO(3–2) lines with the FLASH+ instrument and the 12CO(6–5) line with the SEPIA instrument. We detected high signal-to-noise emission extending out to radii >10,000 au and calculated integrated fluxes of 1100 Jy km s−1 for 12CO(6–5), 2400 Jy km s−1 for 12CO(4–3), 1600 Jy km s−1 for 12CO(3–2), and 450 Jy km s−1 for 13CO(3–2). We used the thermochemical code PRODIMO to test several models and find the data are best described by an envelope structure with M
env ≈ 0.2–0.4 M
⊙ and a mass-infall rate of

. We infer that the observed envelope and outflow structure around V883 Ori could be caused by multiple outbursts, consistent with episodic accretion.
Modeling the Light Curves of the Luminous Type Ic Supernova 2007D
Authors: Wang Shan-Qin , Cano Zach , Li Long , Liu Liang-Duan , Wang Ling-Jun , Zheng WeiKang , Dai Zi-Gao , Liang En-Wei , Filippenko Alexei V. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
SN 2007D is a nearby (redshift z = 0.023146), luminous Type Ic supernova (SN) having a narrow light curve (LC) and high peak luminosity. Previous research based on the assumption that it was powered by the 56Ni cascade decay suggested that the inferred 56Ni mass and the ejecta mass are ∼1.5 M
⊙ and ∼3.5 M
⊙, respectively. In this paper, we employ some multiband LC models to model the R-band LC and the color (V − R) evolution of SN 2007D to investigate the possible energy sources powering them. We find that the pure 56Ni model is disfavored; the multiband LCs of SN 2007D can be reproduced by a magnetar whose initial rotational period P
0 and magnetic field strength B

p
are

(or

) ms and

(or

) G, respectively. By comparing the spectrum of SN 2007D with that of some superluminous SNe (SLSNe), we find that it might be a luminous SN like several luminous “gap-filler” optical transients that bridge ordinary and SLSNe, rather than a genuine SLSN.
Titan Surface Temperatures during the Cassini Mission
Authors: Jennings D. E. , Tokano T. , Cottini V. , Nixon C. A. , Achterberg R. K. , Flasar F. M. , Kunde V. G. , Romani P. N. , Samuelson R. E. , Segura M. E. , Gorius N. J. P. , Guandique E. , Kaelberer M. S. , Coustenis A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
By the close of the Cassini mission in 2017 the Composite Infrared Spectrometer had recorded surface brightness temperatures on Titan for 13 yr (almost half a Titan year). We mapped temperatures in latitude from pole to pole in seven time segments from northern mid-winter to northern summer solstice. At the beginning of the mission the warmest temperatures were centered at 13 S where they peaked at 93.9 K. Temperatures fell off by about 4 K toward the north pole and 2 K toward the south pole. As the seasons progressed the warmest temperatures shifted northward, tracking the subsolar point, and at northern summer solstice were centered at 24 N. While moving north the peak temperature decreased by about 1 K, reaching 92.8 K at solstice. At solstice the fall-off toward the north and south poles were 1 K and 3 K, respectively. Thus the temperature range was the same 2 K at the two poles. Our observed surface temperatures agree with recent general circulation model results that take account of methane hydrology and imply that hemispherical differences in Titan’s topography may play a role in the north–south asymmetry on Titan.
Protease-Activated Receptor 1 Deletion Causes Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis in Response to Inflammatory Signals through a Notch2-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Jastrzebski Sandra , Kalinowski Judith , Mun Sehwan , Shin Bongjin , Adapala Naga Suresh , Jacome-Galarza Christian E. , Mirza Faryal , Aguila H. Leonardo , Drissi Hicham , Sanjay Archana , Canalis Ernesto , Lee Sun-Kyeong , Lorenzo Joseph A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We found that protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) was transiently induced in cultured osteoclast precursor cells. Therefore, we examined the bone phenotype and response to resorptive stimuli of PAR1-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice. Bones and bone marrow–derived cells from PAR1 KO and wild-type (WT) mice were assessed using microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, in vitro cultures, and RT-PCR. Osteoclastic responses to TNF-α (TNF) challenge in calvaria were analyzed with and without a specific neutralizing Ab to the Notch2-negative regulatory region (N2-NRR Ab). In vivo under homeostatic conditions, there were minimal differences in bone mass or bone cells between PAR1 KO and WT mice. However, PAR1 KO myeloid cells demonstrated enhanced osteoclastogenesis in response to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) or the combination of RANKL and TNF. Strikingly, in vivo osteoclastogenic responses of PAR1 KO mice to TNF were markedly enhanced. We found that N2-NRR Ab reduced TNF-induced osteoclastogenesis in PAR1 KO mice to WT levels without affecting WT responses. Similarly, in vitro N2-NRR Ab reduced RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in PAR1 KO cells to WT levels without altering WT responses. We conclude that PAR1 functions to limit Notch2 signaling in responses to RANKL and TNF and moderates osteoclastogenic response to these cytokines. This effect appears, at least in part, to be cell autonomous because enhanced osteoclastogenesis was seen in highly purified PAR1 KO osteoclast precursor cells. It is likely that this pathway is involved in regulating the response of bone to diseases associated with inflammatory signals.
Treatment with a CD40 Antagonist Antibody Reverses Severe Proteinuria and Loss of Saliva Production and Restores Glomerular Morphology in Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Perper Stuart J. , Westmoreland Susan V. , Karman Jozsef , Twomey Rachel , Seagal Jane , Wang Rui , McRae Bradford L. , Clarke Stephen H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
CD40 is a costimulatory receptor on APCs that is critical for the induction and maintenance of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Accordingly, CD40 and its ligand, CD40L, have long been considered targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. We developed a rat/mouse chimeric anti-mouse CD40 antagonist mAb, 201A3, and evaluated its ability to alleviate murine lupus. Treatment of NZB/W-F1 mice with 201A3 after the onset of severe proteinuria rapidly reversed established severe proteinuria and nephritis and largely restored normal glomerular and tubular morphology. This coincided with a normalization of the expression of genes associated with proteinuria and injury by kidney parenchymal cells. Anti-CD40 treatment also prevented and reversed loss of saliva production and sialadenitis. These effects on kidney and salivary gland function were confirmed using mice of a second strain, MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr, and extended to alleviating joint inflammation. Immunologically, anti-CD40 treatment disrupted multiple processes that contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including autoreactive B cell activation, T effector cell function in target tissues, and type I IFN production. This ability to disrupt disease-critical immunological mechanisms, to reverse glomerular and tubular injury at the cellular and gene expression levels, and to confer exceptional therapeutic efficacy suggests that CD40 is a central disease pathway in murine SLE. Thus, a CD40 antagonist Ab could be an effective therapeutic in the treatment of SLE.
Nanoparticles Containing an Insulin–ChgA Hybrid Peptide Protect from Transfer of Autoimmune Diabetes by Shifting the Balance between Effector T Cells and Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Jamison Braxton L. , Neef Tobias , Goodspeed Andrew , Bradley Brenda , Baker Rocky L. , Miller Stephen D. , Haskins Kathryn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
CD4 T cells play a critical role in promoting the development of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. The diabetogenic CD4 T cell clone BDC-2.5, originally isolated from a NOD mouse, has been widely used to study the contribution of autoreactive CD4 T cells and relevant Ags to autoimmune diabetes. Recent work from our laboratory has shown that the Ag for BDC-2.5 T cells is a hybrid insulin peptide (2.5HIP) consisting of an insulin C-peptide fragment fused to a peptide from chromogranin A (ChgA) and that endogenous 2.5HIP-reactive T cells are major contributors to autoimmune pathology in NOD mice. The objective of this study was to determine if poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with the 2.5HIP Ag (2.5HIP-coupled PLG NPs) can tolerize BDC-2.5 T cells. Infusion of 2.5HIP-coupled PLG NPs was found to prevent diabetes in an adoptive transfer model by impairing the ability of BDC-2.5 T cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines through induction of anergy, leading to an increase in the ratio of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells to IFN-γ+ effector T cells. To our knowledge, this work is the first to use a hybrid insulin peptide, or any neoepitope, to re-educate diabetogenic T cells and may have significant implications for the development of an Ag-specific therapy for type 1 diabetes patients.
Inflammasome-Independent and Atypical Processing of IL-1β Contributes to Acid Aspiration–Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Mizushina Yoshiko , Karasawa Tadayoshi , Aizawa Kenichi , Kimura Hiroaki , Watanabe Sachiko , Kamata Ryo , Komada Takanori , Mato Naoko , Kasahara Tadashi , Koyama Shinichiro , Bando Masashi , Hagiwara Koichi , Takahashi Masafumi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of gastric aspiration–induced acute lung injury (ALI). However, its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome–driven IL-1β production in a mouse model of acid aspiration–induced inflammation and ALI. Acid aspiration–induced inflammatory responses and ALI in wild-type mice were significantly attenuated in IL-1β−/− mice, but not NLRP3−/− mice. In vitro experiments revealed that severe acidic stress (pH 1.75) induced the processing of pro–IL-1β into its 18-kDa mature form (p18–IL-1β), which was different from the caspase-1–processed 17-kDa form (p17–IL-1β), in human THP-1 macrophages and primary murine macrophages. Deficiency of NLRP3 and caspase-1 had no effect on acidic stress–produced IL-1β. The production of IL-1β by severe acidic stress was prevented by inhibitors of serine proteases [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride], but not of cysteine proteases (E-64), cathepsin G, or inflammasome. The cathepsin D inhibitor pepstatin A inhibited IL-1β production induced by mild acidic stress (pH 6.2) or lactic acid, but not severe acidic stress. Using mass spectrometry and processing-site mutants of pro–IL-1β, we identified D109 as a novel cleavage site of pro–IL-1β in response to severe acidic stress and calculated the theoretical molecular mass of the mature form to be 18.2 kDa. The bioactivity of acidic stress–produced IL-1β was confirmed by its ability to promote p38 phosphorylation and chemokine upregulation in alveolar epithelial cells. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of acid-induced IL-1β production and inflammation independent of NLRP3 inflammasome and provide new insights into the therapeutic strategies for aspiration pneumonitis and ALI.
Geomagnetic conjugate observations of ionospheric disturbances in response to a North Korean underground nuclear explosion on 3 September 2017
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhou Chen , Tang Qiong , Chen Guanyi , Zhao Zhengyu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We report observations of ionospheric disturbances in response to a North
Korean underground nuclear explosion (UNE) on 3 September 2017. By using data
from IGS (International GNSS Service) stations and Swarm satellites,
geomagnetic conjugate ionospheric disturbances were observed. The
observational evidence showed that UNE-generated ionospheric disturbances
propagated radially from the UNE epicenter with a velocity of
∼280 m s−1. We propose that the ionospheric disturbances are
results of electrodynamic process caused by LAIC
(lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling) electric field penetration.
The LAIC electric field can also be mapped to the conjugate hemispheres along
the magnetic field line and consequently cause ionospheric disturbances in
conjugate regions. The UNE-generated LAIC electric field penetration plays
an important role in the ionospheric disturbances in the region of the
nuclear test site nearby and the corresponding geomagnetic conjugate points.