bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in research on gold nanoparticles in cancer management
Authors: Peng Jingwen , Liang Xiaoqiu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
The rapid advancement of nanotechnology in recent years has fuelled burgeoning interest in the field of nanoparticle research, particularly its application in cancer management. At present, there seems to be heightened interest in the application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to the management of cancer, encompassing diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. AuNPs could be used as drug delivery agents that target cancer cells or in gene therapy. These efforts are undertaken in the hope of revolutionizing current methods and strategies for cancer treatment. This review will focus on the current applications of AuNPs in cancer management.

Objectives, data sources, study appraisal and synthesis methods, results:
objectives, data sources, study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions, study appraisal and synthesis methods, results are not required, as the study will be a literature review. Just introduction, ethics and dissemination, and conclusion are applicable.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval and informed consent are not required, as the study is a literature review and does not involve direct contact with patients or alterations to patient care.

Conclusion:
AuNPs have many properties that are of great value for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. AuNPs are small in size and can penetrate widely and deposit on the tumor site, bind to many proteins and drugs, target delivery drugs, and have good biocompatibility. The application of AuNPs in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors is very considerable. In the near future, AuNPs will certainly play an important role in the treatment of tumors.
Acupuncture for patients with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Huang Li , Chen Yu , Luo Mei , Tang Yancai , Wei Shaobin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a difficult-to-treat gynecological disorder with complex etiologies. Although acupuncture has gained increased popularity for the management of POI, evidence regarding its efficacy is lacking. This systematic review protocol aims to describe a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for patients with POI.

Methods:
The following 10 databases will be searched from the publishment to July 2019: PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, 4 Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Digital Periodicals, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database database), 1 Korean medical database (KoreaMed), 1 Japanese medical database (National Institute of Informatics). The primary outcomes will be the resumption of menstruation and the serum FSH levels, and the secondary outcomes include the serum Estradiol levels, anti-Mullerian hormone levels, antral follicle count, follicular growth, endometrial thickness, and adverse events. We will use RevMan V.5.3 to conduct the meta-analysis, if possible. If it is not allowed, a descriptive analysis or a subgroup analysis will be conducted. Risk ratio for dichotomous data and mean differences or standardized mean differences for continuous data will be calculated with 95% confidence intervals using a random effects model or a fixed effects model.

Results:
This study will provide the latest analysis of the currently available evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture in treating POI.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42019125996.
Spleen stiffness and volume help to predict posthepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Peng Wei , Zhang Xiao-Yun , Li Chuan , Wen Tian-Fu , Yan Lv-Nan , Yang Jia-Yin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPosthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the main cause of perioperative death, and liver cirrhosis is one of the most important risk factors for PHLF. Spleen stiffness (SS) is a novel ultrasonic indicator for liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, however, it is not clear that whether it has a significant influence on PHLF. Future remnant liver volume (FRLV) is a significant factor for liver regeneration after hepatectomy, spleen volume (SV) could also predict the degree of liver cirrhosis, and recent literatures reported that SV to FRLV ratio (SV/FRLV) could predict small for size syndrome (SFSS) in liver transplantation, however, the relationship between SV/FRLV and PHLF in patients receiving hepatectomy is not known. Systemic inflammatory response (SIR) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver cirrhosis, however, it is not very clear about the exact relationship between SIR and PHLF.We prospectively collected the medical data of consecutive patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent hepatectomy from August 2015 to February 2016. Preoperative measurements of SS, liver stiffness (LS), SV, FRLV, and SIR were performed on all patients. A univariate analysis was performed to find the risk factors of PHLF and a multivariate analysis was used to identify independent risk factors. The predictive efficiency of the risk factors was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Twenty three (23) (14.6%) patients developed PHLF. Univariate analysis found several variables significantly related to PHLF, they were as follows: tumor diameter (P = .01), cirrhosis (P = .001), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P = .018), LS (P = .001), SS (P = .001), SV/FRLV (P < .001), operation duration (P = .003), transfusion (P = .009), hepatic inflow occlusion (HIO) (P = .001). Finally, SV/FRLV (P < .001, hazard ratio (HR) = 26.356, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.627–425.21), SS (P = .009, HR = 1.077, 95%CI 1.017–1.141), and HIO time (P = .002, HR = 1.043, 95%CI 1.014–1.072) were determined as the independent risk factors of PHLF by multivariate analysis.SS and SV/FRLV help to predict the development of PHLF in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Efficacy of dexmedetomidine for treatment of patients with sepsis
Authors: Zhang Wen-Qing , Xu Po , Zhan Xiao-Hong , Zheng Peng , Yang Wei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on prognosis in patients with sepsis.

Methods:
Computer-related electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, from the date of database construction to January 2019. Stata 12.0 was used to perform a meta-analysis of short-term mortality [intensive care unit (ICU) mortality or 28-day mortality], ICU length of stay, and mechanical ventilation. Mortality was expressed using risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ICU length of stay and mechanical ventilation were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CIs.

Results:
We finally included 8 randomized controlled trials in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the dexmedetomidine group had a lower occurrence of 28-day mortality (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.69; P = .000) and ICU mortality (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.84; P = .013). However, there was no statistically significant difference for the length of hospital stay (WMD, −0.05; 95% CI, −0.59 to 0.48; P = .840) and mechanical ventilation time (WMD, 1.05; 95% CI, −0.27 to 2.37; P = .392) between dexmedetomidine group and control group.

Conclusions:
In patients with sepsis, dexmedetomidine can reduce the short-term mortality of patients, but could not shorten the ICU length of stay and mechanical ventilation time. More clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine on the length of hospital stay and mechanical ventilation time.
Efficacy and safety of Soshiho-tang in patients with atopic dermatitis and gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Kang Su-Jin , Jo Eun-Heui , Yang Geum-Jin , Shim Yu-Hwa , Hong Ji-Eun , Park Min-Cheol 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease that affects the quality of life in patients with AD. Since there is limitation of conventional treatment of AD, complementary treatment is required to treat AD symptoms more effectively and safely Soshiho-tang (SSHT) is a traditional herbal medicine that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer effects and improves the immune function. In this clinical trial, we will evaluate the efficacy and safety of SSHT in patients with AD and gastrointestinal disorders in comparison with placebo.

Methods/design:
This study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and investigator-initiated clinical trial. A total of 60 patients aged 3 to 18 years with AD and gastrointestinal disorders and who received a diagnosis of AD by Hanifin & Rajka criteria with a Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index between 15 and 49 will be enrolled. Participants will be randomly assigned to the SSHT or placebo group in a ratio of 1:1. Additionally, they will have a visit schedule comprising 4 visits including a screening visit during 8 to 10 weeks. The participants will be administered SSHT or placebo 3 times a day for 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be measured by a change of the SCORAD index. The secondary outcome measures include the following: survey questionnaires for the perception of gastrointestinal disorders, amount and frequency of ointment usage for AD, dermatology quality of life index, itchiness and sleep disability score in visual analog scale, percutaneous water loss, skin surface temperature, Hamilton anxiety rating scale, and children's depression inventory.

Discussion:
In our knowledge, this will be the first clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of SSHT in patients with AD and gastrointestinal disorders. The findings of this study will provide new treatment options for patients with AD and gastrointestinal disorders.

Trial registration:
Korean National Clinical Trial Registry, Clinical Research Information Service. (KCT0003713) https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01_en.jsp?seq=13489&ltype=&rtype=
Microvascular and Systemic Impact of Resuscitation with PEGylated Carboxyhemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier or Hetastarch in a Rat Model of Transient Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Nugent William H. , Sheppard Forest R. , Dubick Michael A. , Cestero Ramon F. , Darlington Daniel N. , Jubin Ronald , Abuchowski Abe , Song Bjorn K. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable, traumatic death. Currently, prehospital resuscitation fluids provide preload but not oxygen-carrying capacity—a critical blood function that mitigates microvascular ischemia and tissue hypoxia during hemorrhagic shock. Solutions containing polymerized hemoglobin have been associated with vasoactive and hypertensive events. A novel hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, modified with PEGylation and CO moieties (PEG-COHb), may overcome these limitations.

Objectives:
To evaluate the systemic and microcirculatory effects of PEG-COHb as compared with the 6% hetastarch in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock.

Methods:
Male Sprague Dawley rats (N = 20) were subjected to severe, controlled, hemorrhagic shock. Animals were randomized to 20% estimated blood-volume resuscitation with either 6% hetastarch or PEG-COHb. Continuous, invasive, cardiovascular measurements, and arterial blood gases were measured. Microcirculatory measurements of interstitial oxygenation (PISFO2) and vasoactivity helped model oxygen delivery in the spinotrapezius muscle using intravital and phosphorescence quenching microscopy.

Results:
Hemorrhage reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP), arteriolar diameter, and PISFO2, and increased lactate 10-fold in both groups. Resuscitation with both PEG-COHb and hetastarch improved cardiovascular parameters. However, PEG-COHb treatment resulted in higher MAP (P < 0.001), improved PISFO2 (14 [PEG-COHb] vs. 5 [hetastarch] mmHg; P < 0.0001), lower lactate post-resuscitation (P < 0.01), and extended survival from 90 to 142 min (P < 0.001) as compared with the hetastarch group.

Conclusions:
PEG-COHb improved MAP PISFO2, lactate, and survival time as compared with 6% hetastarch resuscitation. Importantly, hypertension and vasoactivity were not detected in response to PEG-COHb resuscitation supporting further investigation of this resuscitation strategy.
Compliance With Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy in Patients Diagnosed With High-Tone Pelvic Floor Disorders
Authors: Woodburn Katherine L. , Tran Misha C. , Casas-Puig Viviana , Ninivaggio Cara S. , Ferrando Cecile A. 
Published: May 2019

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to describe patient compliance with pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) for high-tone pelvic floor disorders (HTPFD) and to compare patients who are compliant with prescribed therapy to those who are not. The secondary objective is to describe second-line treatments offered for HTPFD for returning patients.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of women with a HTPFD who were prescribed PFPT at a tertiary care referral center. Patients were excluded if they had a primary diagnosis of urinary incontinence, had undergone prior PFPT, or if PFPT was part of preoperative planning. Noncompliance with PFPT was defined as not being formally discharged from therapy by the treating therapist.

Results
Data on PFPT compliance were available for 662 patients (87.3%). A total of 128 patients (19.4%) were fully compliant. Noncompliant patients were more likely to smoke and to have mental health disease compared with compliant patients (18% vs 8.7%, P = 0.01, and 50.4% vs 37.5%, P = 0.009, respectively). A total of 285 patients (43.1%) returned to their prescribing provider. Noncompliant patients were less likely to return to their provider: 63.4% versus 29.7%, P = <0.0001. Of the patients who returned, 183 (64.2%) were offered second-line treatment.

Conclusions
Only 1 in 5 patients referred to PFPT for management of a high-tone pelvic floor disorder is compliant with the recommended therapy. Patients who are noncompliant are less likely to return to their prescribing provider, and less than half of referred patients return. Sixty percent of patients who return are offered second-line treatment.
Reliability of Symptoms and Dipstick for Postoperative Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Holthaus Emily A. , Ferrando Cecile A. , Jelovsek J. Eric , Barber Matthew D. 
Published: May 2019

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic reliability of patient symptoms and urine dipstick results, including blood, leukocyte esterase, and nitrite, in diagnosing postoperative catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) after gynecologic surgery.

Methods
A prospective cohort study of patients undergoing gynecologic surgeries who required short-term (>24 hours) postoperative catheterization was conducted. Patients completed a questionnaire regarding symptoms. Urine dipstick analysis was completed on catheterized urine samples and urine was sent for culture for all patients. Positive likelihood ratios (LRs) were used to examine diagnostic reliability of patient symptoms and urine dipstick results in diagnosing postoperative CAUTIs.

Results
Fifty-seven patients with postoperative short-term indwelling catheterization were recruited, 25 (44%) of whom had CAUTIs diagnosed by urine culture at recruitment and 32 (56%) of whom did not have CAUTIs. Urine dipstick parameters were found to successfully diagnose CAUTIs, with positive LRs of 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.99), 6.77 (95% CI, 2.23–20.52), and 9.47 (95% CI, 1.23–72.69) for blood, leukocyte esterase, and nitrite, respectively. The combination of leukocyte esterase and nitrite yielded a positive LR of 9.48 (95% CI, 2.62–34.25). Individual symptoms, alone or in combination, did not successfully diagnose positive urine culture (positive LRs <1.8).

Conclusions
Urine dipstick parameters are reliable diagnostic tests for diagnosing postoperative CAUTIs after gynecologic surgery, particularly when in combination. Patient symptoms have little diagnostic value for positive urine cultures in catheterized patients after gynecologic surgery.
Rapid evolution and biogeographic spread in a colorectal cancer
Authors: Alves Joao M , Prado-Lopez Sonia , Cameselle-Teijeiro Jose Manuel , Posada David 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTHow and when tumoral clones start spreading to surrounding and distant tissues is currently unclear. Here, we leveraged a model-based evolutionary framework to investigate the demographic and biogeographic history of a colorectal cancer. Our analyses strongly support an early monoclonal metastatic colonization, followed by a rapid population expansion at both primary and secondary sites. Moreover, we infer a hematogenous metastatic spread seemingly under positive selection, plus the return of some tumoral cells from the liver back to the colon lymph nodes. This study illustrates how sophisticated techniques typical of organismal evolution can provide a detailed picture of the complex tumoral dynamics over time and space.
Early life stress alters transcriptomic patterning across reward circuitry in male and female mice
Authors: Peña Catherine Jensen , Smith Milo , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Cates Hannah M. , Bagot Rosemary C. , Kronman Hope G. , Patel Bhakti , Chang Austin B. , Purushothaman Immanuel , Dudley Joel , Morishita Hirofumi , Shen Li , Nestler Eric J. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAbuse, neglect, and other forms of early life stress (ELS) significantly increase risk for psychiatric disorders including depression. In this study, we show that ELS in a postnatal sensitive period increases sensitivity to adult stress in female mice, consistent with our earlier findings in male mice. We used RNA-sequencing in the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex of male and female mice to show that adult stress is distinctly represented in the brain’s transcriptome depending on ELS history. We identify: 1) biological pathways disrupted after ELS and associated with increased behavioral stress sensitivity, 2) putative transcriptional regulators of the effect of ELS on adult stress response, and 3) subsets of primed genes specifically associated with latent behavioral changes. We also provide transcriptomic evidence that ELS increases sensitivity to future stress through enhancement of known programs of cortical plasticity.
Flexible and accurate decoding of neural populations through stochastic comodulation
Authors: Haimerl Caroline , Savin Cristina , Simoncelli Eero P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSensory-guided behavior requires reliable encoding of information (from stimuli to neural responses) and flexible decoding (from neural responses to behavior). In typical decision tasks, a small subset of cells within a large population encode task-relevant stimulus information and need to be identified by later processing stages for relevant information to be transmitted. A statistically optimal decoder (e.g., maximum likelihood) can utilize task-relevant cells for any given task configuration, but relies on complete knowledge of the relationship between the task and the stimulus-response and noise properties of the encoding population. The brain could learn an optimal decoder for a task through supervised learning (i.e., regression), but this typically requires many training trials, and thus lacks the flexibility of humans or animals, that can rapidly adjust to changes in task parameters or structure. Here, we propose a novel decoding solution based on functionally targeted stochastic modulation. Population recordings during different discrimination tasks have revealed that a substantial portion of trial-to-trial variability in cell responses can be explained by stochastic modulatory signals that are shared, and that seem to preferentially target task-informative neurons (Rabinowitz et al., 2015). The variability introduced by these modulators corrupts the encoded stimulus signal, but we propose that it also serves as a label for the informative neurons, allowing the decoder to solve the identification problem. We show in simulations of a modulated Poisson spiking model that a linear decoder with readout weights proportional to the estimated neuron-specific strength of modulation achieves performance close to an optimal decoder.
Dopaminergic learning and arousal circuits mediate opposing effects on alcohol consumption in Drosophila
Authors: Ojelade Shamsideen A. , Butts Andrew R. , Merrill Collin B. , Champaloux Eve Privman , Aso Yoshinori , Wolin Danielle , Cofresi Roberto U. , Gonzales Rueben A. , Rubin Gerald M. , Venton B. Jill , Rodan Aylin R. , Rothenfluh Adrian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe response to drugs of abuse is a combination of aversive and reinforcing reactions. While much is known about the role of dopamine in mammalian drug reinforcement, we know little about the brain circuits mediating drug aversion. Here we show that two distinct dopaminergic circuits mediate reinforcing and acute aversive responses to alcohol consumption in Drosophila. Protocerebral anterior medial dopamine neurons projecting to the mushroom bodies are required for flies to acquire alcohol preference. Conversely, a bilateral pair of dopamine neurons projecting to the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFSB) mediates acute alcohol avoidance. Alcohol consumption can be reduced by decreasing the activity of the appetitive reinforcement-circuit to the mushroom bodies, or by increasing activity in the dopamine neurons projecting to the dFSB. Thus, distinct dopaminergic pathways can be targeted to reduce the intake of harmful drugs.
Mitochondrial Morphology Regulates Organellar Ca2+Uptake and Changes Cellular Ca2+Homeostasis
Authors: Kowaltowski Alicia J. , Menezes‐Filho Sergio L. , Assali Essam , Gonçalves Isabela G. , Abreu Phablo , Miller Nathanael , Nolasco Patricia , Laurindo Francisco R. M. , Bruni‐Cardoso Alexandre , Shirihai Orian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChanges in mitochondrial size and shape have been implicated in several physiological processes, but their role in mitochondrial Ca2+uptake regulation and overall cellular Ca2+homeostasis is largely unknown. Here we show that modulating mitochondrial dynamics towards increased fusion through expression of a dominant negative form of the fission protein DRP1 (DRP1‐DN) markedly increased both mitochondrial Ca2+retention capacity and Ca2+uptake rates in permeabilized C2C12 cells. Similar results were seen using the pharmacological fusion‐promoting M1 molecule. Conversely, promoting a fission phenotype through the knockdown of the fusion protein mitofusin 2 (MFN2) strongly reduced mitochondrial Ca2+uptake speed and capacity in these cells. These changes were not dependent on modifications in inner membrane potentials or the mitochondrial permeability transition. Implications of mitochondrial morphology modulation on cellular calcium homeostasis were measured in intact cells; mitochondrial fission promoted lower basal cellular calcium levels and lower endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores, as measured by depletion with thapsigargin. Indeed, mitochondrial fission was associated with ER stress. Additionally, the calcium‐replenishing process of store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) was impaired in MFN2 knockdown cells, while DRP1‐DN‐promoted fusion resulted in faster cytosolic Ca2+increase rates. Overall, our results show a novel role for mitochondrial morphology in the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+uptake, which impacts on cellular Ca2+homeostasis.