bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal respiratory status predicts longitudinal respiratory health outcomes in preterm infants
Authors: Luo Hong‐Ji , Wang Li‐Ying , Chen Pei‐Shan , Hsieh Wu‐Shiun , Hsu Chyong‐Hsin , Peng Steven , Jeng Suh‐Fang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the relationship between neonatal respiratory status and longitudinal respiratory health outcomes in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight <1500 g).MethodsA total of 109 VLBW preterm infants were prospectively assessed for respiratory status using the Toce clinical and radiographic scoring method on a postnatal day 28, and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36‐weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), respiratory morbidity within 1 year of corrected age (CA), pulmonary function test, and six‐minute walk test at 4 years of age.ResultsA high Toce clinical score on day 28 was associated with the occurrence of respiratory morbidity within 1 year of CA and poor pulmonary function and functional exercise performance at 4 years of age in VLBW preterm infants (all P < 0.05). BPD at 36‐weeks PMA was associated with an increased risk of respiratory morbidity within 1 year of CA and its negative impact on pulmonary function and functional exercise performance at 4 years of age was most pronounced in the severe form (all
P < 0.05).ConclusionsEarly assessments of neonatal respiratory status including Toce clinical score and the severity of BPD are valid to identify VLBW preterm infants who are at risk of adverse longitudinal respiratory health outcomes.
A pilot, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel Boswellia serrata extract in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Majeed Muhammed , Majeed Shaheen , Narayanan Narayanan K. , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam 
Published: March 2019

A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled human trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a standardized oral supplementation of Boswellin®, a novel extract of Boswellia serrata extract (BSE) containing 3‐acetyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid (AKBBA) with β‐boswellic acid (BBA). A total of 48 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee were randomized and allocated to the BSE and placebo groups for intervention. Patients were administered BSE or placebo for a period of 120 days. The trial results revealed that BSE treatment significantly improved the physical function of the patients by reducing pain and stiffness compared with placebo. Radiographic assessments showed improved knee joint gap and reduced osteophytes (spur) confirming the efficacy of BSE treatment. BSE also significantly reduced the serum levels of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein, a potential inflammatory marker associated with OA of the knee. No serious adverse events were reported. This is the first study with BSE conducted for a period of 120 days, longer than any other previous clinical trial on patients with OA of the knee. The findings provide evidence that biologically active constituents of BSE, namely, AKBBA and BBA, act synergistically to exert anti‐inflammatory/anti‐arthritic activity showing improvement in physical and functional ability and reducing the pain and stiffness.
Facile Preparation of Benzoxazoles from S8‐Promoted Cyclization of 2‐Nitrophenols with Arylmethyl Chloride
Authors: Gan Haifeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA simple, metal‐free methodology has been obtained for the preparation of 2‐arylbenzoxazoles from 2‐nitrophenols and arylmethyl chloride via an elemental sulfur‐promoted cyclization reaction. The reactions proceeded in moderate to good yields, and gram‐scale is applicable.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Electronic States of Several Organometallic Eu(III) and Tb(III) Complexes: Effects of the Ligands
Authors: Ishimatsu Ryoichi , Kunisawa Eri , Nakano Koji , Adachi Chihaya , Imato Toshihiko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report the electrochemical properties, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of eight different organometallic complexes of Eu(III) and Tb(III), Eu(dbm)3phen, Eu(dbm)3bath, Eu(fod)3phen, Eu(tta)3phen, Tb(acac)3phen, Tb(acac)3bath, Tb(fod)3phen, and Tb(tmhd)3bpy in acetonitrile, where phen, bath, and bpy are 1, 10‐phenanthroline, bathophenanthroline, 2,2′‐bipyridyl, respectively, and the anionic ligands, acac−, dbm−, fod−, and tta− are the enolate forms of acetylacetone, dibenzoylmethanate, 6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐heptafluoro‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3,5‐octanedione, and thenoyltrifluoroacetone, respectively. The electronic states of the neutral and some charged states of the complexes were clarified with density functional theory calculations. The ECL spectra were recorded by using S2O82− as a coreactant, and for all complexes, sharp ECL spectra, which are attributable to the f‐f transitions, were observed. On the potential‐dependent ECL spectra, broad ECLs, which were originated from the ligands, were also detected. Based on the ECL behavior and the electronic states, the mechanisms of the intraconfigurational ECL were discussed.
Air quality impact of carbon monoxide emission from diesel engine electric power generators
Authors: Fakinle Bamidele Sunday , Okedere Oyetunji Babatunde , Adebanjo Sunday Adekunle , Adesanmi Adewole Johnson , Sonibare Jacob Ademola 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn emissions inventory and the AERMOD View dispersion model were used to estimate the concentrations and the potential effects of carbon monoxide (CO) from diesel engine electric power generators operated by and providing electricity to a textile factory in Nigeria on its host air shed. The CO emissions from simultaneous operations of all of the electric power generators in the factory resulted in: 1‐hr average CO emissions of 4.2 to 54.5 micrograms per cubic meters (μg/m3) and 24‐hr average CO emissions of 0.3 to 20.9 μg/m3. The estimated 1‐hr averaging period maximum ground‐level concentrations of CO were deposited within the factory, while the 24‐hr maximum ground‐level concentrations are estimated at a distance 90 meters (m) from the factory in a southeast direction. The ground‐level concentrations of CO emanating from the textile factory are within the stipulated ambient air quality standards.
Meeting harvest expectations is key for duck hunter satisfaction
Authors: Bradshaw Lauren , Holsman Robert H. , Petchenik Jordan , Finger Taylor 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTCurrent literature suggests that seeing and bagging game, among other experiences, play a major role in overall satisfaction for hunters. In addition, research highlights relationships that harvest expectations may have with harvest success and in explaining satisfaction. We add to the multiple satisfactions concept that, despite other derived benefits, harvest success may be fundamental to sustain participation and duck (Anatidae) hunters themselves are agents of their own success. We used data from mail surveys conducted between 2007–2015 of Wisconsin, USA, waterfowl hunters to investigate the role of duck hunter behavior and expectations in explaining differences in season satisfaction ratings. We found that duck hunters who spent more days afield, scouted prior to hunting, were mobile during the season, and utilized public lands harvested substantially more ducks than those who did not put effort into these behaviors. Furthermore, we find evidence in support of previous work that by examining the effect of harvest success through the lens of harvest expectations, it better describes satisfaction than either measure did alone among this population of duck hunters. Based on past experiences, duck hunters may develop unrealistic expectations that doom them to dissatisfactory harvests. These results provide assistance to managers and conservationists in helping hunters understand and set realistic harvest expectations, achieve their harvest goals, and continue to be active hunters.© 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Good arm identification via bandit feedback
Authors: Kano Hideaki , Honda Junya , Sakamaki Kentaro , Matsuura Kentaro , Nakamura Atsuyoshi , Sugiyama Masashi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe consider a novel stochastic multi-armed bandit problem called good arm identification (GAI), where a good arm is defined as an arm with expected reward greater than or equal to a given threshold. GAI is a pure-exploration problem in which a single agent repeats a process of outputting an arm as soon as it is identified as a good one before confirming the other arms are actually not good. The objective of GAI is to minimize the number of samples for each process. We find that GAI faces a new kind of dilemma, the exploration-exploitation dilemma of confidence, which is different from the best arm identification. As a result, an efficient design of algorithms for GAI is quite different from that for the best arm identification. We derive a lower bound on the sample complexity of GAI that is tight up to the logarithmic factor $$\mathrm {O}(\log \frac{1}{\delta })$$

O
(
log

1
δ

)

for acceptance error rate $$\delta $$
δ
. We also develop an algorithm whose sample complexity almost matches the lower bound. We also confirm experimentally that our proposed algorithm outperforms naive algorithms in synthetic settings based on a conventional bandit problem and clinical trial researches for rheumatoid arthritis.
‘Beneath This Mask There is More Than Flesh, Beneath This Mask There is an Idea’: Anonymous as the (Super)heroes of the Internet?
Authors: Alexopoulou Sofia , Pavli Antonia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWho is Anonymous? What is the group’s connection with hacktivism? Can we speak of an Internet group consisting of new ‘e-Robin Hoods’? Do modern heroes still exist as a source of inspiration? The answers to these questions are not unproblematic. Many would say that the group Anonymous falls into the contemporary hero category. If so, its members, Anons, could be deemed ‘reincarnations’ of the mythical Robin Hood but in digital form, since they tackle corruption, repression, and injustice, as he did. Others will disagree with this view. The only safe statement is that Anonymous constitutes a global, Internet-based social movement of mostly young and dissatisfied people who have decided to follow their own strategy to oppose established global governance and order. This paper sheds light on the latest hacking activity of Anonymous against several governmental websites in Greece. According to Anonymous, it sought to protect/defend Greek citizens suffering because of the financial crisis and to teach a ‘strong lesson’ to the elected politicians in office. Drawing on material from videos (uploaded on YouTube), online articles from Greek newspapers, and a few online articles from international media outlets, we attempt to understand whether Anonymous follows the long tradition of Robin Hood by acting as a heroic figure/icon. This paper contributes to the semiotics of hacktivism, but also to the further investigation of the identity of Anonymous as comprising ‘new Robin-Hoods’ based on its staged identity and actions.
Schistosoma mansoni infection and risk factors among the fishermen of Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Menjetta Tadesse , Debalke Serkadis , Dana Daniel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical parasitic disease caused by different species of genus Schistosoma. Schistosoma mansoni causes a severe intestinal parasitic infection of high public and medical importance in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, S. mansoni infection among the fishermen of Lake Hawassa, southern Ethiopia, using a cross-sectional study design. A total of 243 fishermen were selected from the Hawassa Town Fishermen Association’s list in 2013. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected from the fishermen using semi-structured questionnaires. Stool samples were collected and processed using the Kato–Katz thick smear technique. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni among the fishermen was 29.21% and the mean intensity of infection was 158.88 eggs per gram (EPG). The overall prevalence of intestinal helminths, including S. mansoni, was 69.54%. Similar prevalences of S. mansoni were recorded in age groups 15–19, 20–24 and 25–29 years: 31.82%, 31.75% and 31.94%, respectively. Fishermen who swam a minimum of once a week in Lake Hawassa were 2.92 times (95% CI: 1.554, 5.502) more likely to have acquired S. mansoni infection than those who swam in the lake less than once a week. The results indicate moderate endemicity of S. mansoni infection among the fishermen of Lake Hawassa. These fishermen could be a potentially high-risk group for S. mansoni infection and might be responsible for the transmission of infection to other segments of the community visiting the lake for recreation. Moreover, a high prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) was recorded among the fishermen. Integrated prevention and control strategies for schistosomiasis and STHs by different sectors are needed to tackle this problem.
‘The rage of the Northmen’: Extreme metal and North-motivated violence
Authors: Sellheim Nikolas P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Vikings have for generations yielded significant output in different cultural venues. Also the music scene has utilised perceptions of the North and the Northmen to generate a stereotypical image of medieval Scandinavian society. Extreme metal, most notably black and Viking metal, have applied narratives pertaining to the Viking Age for its own purposes. This paper examines one particular aspect of the black and Viking metal music scene: violence. It examines how the North and its inhabitants are utilised to justify violent behaviour. Drawing from pinpointed examples of extreme metal, this paper shows that stereotypical assumptions of violent Viking expansion as well as fear of subjugation motivate the ‘rage of the Northmen.’
Evolutionary-developmental modeling of neurodiversity and psychopathology
Authors: Oller D. K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractModeling the extremes of mental/emotional conditions requires explicit accounts of evolutionary-developmental sources of human neurodiversity, not merely psychopathology. The target article's approach could be improved by incorporation of a hierarchical scheme wherein mental/emotional infrastructure interacts across differentiated layers of function. The notion of “symptom networks” thus calls for differentiation into hierarchically interacting components of mental/emotional evolution and development.
Brain networks for emotion and cognition: Implications and tools for understanding mental disorders and pathophysiology
Authors: Pessoa Luiz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how structure maps to function in the brain in terms of large-scale networks is critical to elucidating the brain basis of mental phenomena and mental disorders. Given that this mapping is many-to-many, I argue that researchers need to shift to a multivariate brain and behavior characterization to fully unravel the contributions of brain processes to typical and atypical function.
Taking an engineer's view: Implications of network analysis for computational psychiatry
Authors: Redish A. David , Kazinka Rebecca , Herman Alexander B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn engineer's viewpoint on psychiatry asks:What are the failure modes that underlie psychiatric dysfunction?And:How can we modify the system?Psychiatry has made great strides in understanding and treating disorders using biology; however, failure modes and modification access points can also exist extrinsically in environmental interactions. The network analysis suggested by Borsboom et al. in the target article provides a new viewpoint that should be incorporated into current theoretical constructs, not placed in opposition to them.
Special, radical, failure of reduction in psychiatry
Authors: Ross Don 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUse of network models to identify causal structure typically blocks reduction across the sciences. Entanglement of mental processes with environmental and intentional relationships, as Borsboom et al. argue, makes reduction of psychology to neuroscience particularly implausible. However, in psychiatry, a mental disorder can involve no brain disorder at all, even when the former crucially depends on aspects of brain structure. Gambling addiction constitutes an example.
Intentional content in psychopathologies requires an expanded interpretivism
Authors: Slors Marc , Francken Jolien C. , Strijbos Derek 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe argue that the explanatory role of intentional content in connecting symptoms in a network approach to psychopathology hinges neither on causality nor on rationality. Instead, we argue that it hinges on a pluralistic body of practical and clinical know-how. Incorporating this practical approach to intentional state ascription in psychopathological cases expands and improves traditional interpretivism.
Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures
Authors: Tonello Lucio , Giacobbi Luca , Pettenon Alberto , Scuotto Alessandro , Cocchi Massimo , Gabrielli Fabio , Cappello Glenda 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.
The adaptive self: Culture and social flexibility in feedback networks
Authors: Crafa Daina , Nagel Saskia K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCulture contextualizes the contents and intentionality of many mental statuses. Cognitive mediation of cultural information shapes these contents and intentionalities, as well as many of the false beliefs of pathology. Flexibility of cognitive mediation processes and resulting beliefs and pathologies may vary by individual, be a key mechanism of the feedback loop, and help characterize network connections.
Neither biological nor symptomatology reductionism: A call for integration in psychopathology research
Authors: Nephew Benjamin C. , Febo Marcelo , Santos Hudson P 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe agree with Borsboom et al. in challenging neurobiological reductionism, and underscore some specific strengths of a network approach. However, they do not acknowledge that a similar problem is present in current psychosocial frameworks. We discuss this challenge as well as describe valuable parallels between symptom and neurobiological network theories that will substantially augment psychopathological research when integrated.
Child maltreatment, adaptive functioning, and polygenic risk: A structural equation mixture model
Authors: Thibodeau Eric L. , Masyn Katherine E. , Rogosch Fred A. , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study used a structural equation mixture model to examine associations between child maltreatment, polygenic risk, and indices of adaptive functioning. Children aged 6 to 13 years (N = 1,004), half maltreated, half nonmaltreated, were recruited to attend a research day camp. Multi-informant indicators of prosocial behavior, antisocial behavior, withdrawn behavior, and depression were collected and used in a latent class analysis. Four classes emerged, characterizing “well-adjusted,” “externalizing,” “internalizing,” and “socially dominant” groups. Twelve genetic variants, previously reported in the Gene × Environment literature, were modeled as one weighted polygenic risk score. Large main effects between maltreatment and adaptive functioning were observed (Wald = 35.3, df = 3, p &lt; .0001), along with evidence of a small Gene × Environment effect (Wald = 13.5, df = 3, p = .004), adjusting for sex, age, and covariate interaction effects.
Multicycle Dynamics of the Aksay Bend Along the Altyn Tagh Fault in Northwest China: 1. A Simplified Double Bend
Authors: Duan Benchun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractI perform multicycle dynamic simulations of a restraining double bend that is simplified from the Aksay bend along the Altyn Tagh Fault in northwest China. The earthquake cycle includes a coseismic dynamic rupture phase and an interseismic stress loading and relaxation phase. The double bend fault system has two fault strands and each strand comprises a stem segment that strikes parallel to the maximum shear loading direction and a bend segment that deviates from the loading direction. I find that the restraining double bend is an effective barrier to dynamically propagating ruptures over multiple earthquake cycles, with a probability of rupture jumping from one strand to the other varying from 0% to 10%, depending on parameter values of the rate dependence of friction during the dynamic phase and the viscosity for stress relaxation during the interseismic phase. The critical condition for the primary rupture on the first strand to jump onto the second strand is that the preshear stress is close enough to the shear strength over a certain size of the fault patch on the second strand. These results on the simplified double bend provide important insights into rupture behavior of geometrically complex faults over multiple earthquake cycles in general and a reference to explore rupture behavior of the Aksay bend in particular.
Reply to Comment by Zhang on “Exploring the Influence of Smallholders' Perceptions Regarding Water Availability on Crop Choice and Water Allocation Through Socio‐hydrological Modeling”
Authors: Kuil L. , Evans T. , McCord P. F. , Salinas J. L. , Blöschl G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZhang (2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.v54.4) criticizes several of the assumptions and parameter choices of the model of Kuil et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021420) and claims that, due to an inconsistency in the irrigation equation, the key findings should be interpreted with much caution. We address each of the comments and show that the conclusions of Kuil et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021420) remain fully valid.
Inflexible habitual decision-making during choice between cocaine and a nondrug alternative
Authors: Vandaele Youna , Vouillac-Mendoza Caroline , Ahmed Serge H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe concept of compulsive cocaine-seeking habits is difficult to reconcile with other evidence showing that humans and even rats remain able to shift their choice away from the drug and toward an alternative nondrug reward, when available. This paradox could dissolve if preference for the nondrug option reflected in fact inflexible habitual decision-making (i.e., fixed in a habitual control mode, with no return to a goal-directed control mode). Previous research in rats has shown that prior drug use can favor habit formation, but whether the resulting habits are inflexible or not is largely unknown. Here we addressed this question by manipulating the value of water in rats that chose between water and cocaine in a discrete-trials procedure. Rats preferred water when thirsty and maintained this preference despite water devaluation by satiation. Only with repeated daily testing under water satiation did they progressively reverse their preference toward cocaine. Additional evidence showed that this progressive reversal of preference reflected in fact new interoceptive discrimination learning. Overall, this study suggests that rats seem to be stuck in a habitual decision-making mode, unable to return to a goal-directed mode upon experiencing a change in options value. It also reveals that inflexible decision-making does not necessarily promote drug choice, but can also under some circumstances favor abstinence.