bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of the beam‐to‐column component ”column web panel in shear“
Authors: Corman Adrien , Jaspart Jean‐Pierre , Demonceau Jean‐François 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019The ”column web panel in shear“ is known to be a key component in the design of steel and steel‐concrete composite joints as it can provide a reserve of ductility at the joint when activated and appropriately designed. Therefore, its behaviour has been studied for years and was thought to have been fully understood. However, some recent research projects have demonstrated that, in many cases, the simple analytical model proposed in Eurocode 3, Part 1‐8, significantly overestimates the actual resistance of this component. In this context, this paper will look at the first results of investigations into that problem conducted at Liège University. In particular, beam‐to‐column welded joints have been studied in order to: i) highlight the aforementioned problem through comparisons between existing experimental results and Eurocode 3 predictions, ii) develop a sophisticated finite element model using the Abaqus© software, iii) validate this FE model using existing experimental results and iv) develop an extensive parametric study in order to highlight the key parameters governing the resistance capacity of the component studied. Based on the investigations conducted, the final goal consists of providing a new analytical formulation that is able to predict more accurately the shear strength of the column web panel.
Social attractants, a conservation tool for black‐fronted terns
Authors: Hamblin Courtney H. , Paterson Adrian , Ross James G. , Maloney Richard F. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSocial attraction techniques for species restoration and conservation projects predominantly target colonial breeding species, which commonly use conspecific cues as indicators of habitat quality. The black‐fronted tern (Chlidonias albostriatus) is a globally endangered species that primarily breeds in transient colonies in New Zealand's braided rivers. Currently, predator control and habitat enhancement are the primary management strategies for improving black‐fronted tern populations. Methods that increase the probability of black‐fronted tern colonies being protected by management through an increase in site fidelity of breeding colonies, both within and among years, may greatly increase effectiveness of management. Social attractants, decoys, and audio playback were deployed at 10 sites within 9 Canterbury braided rivers over the 2016 breeding season (September–December). We found that terns interacted with the social attractants compared with the paired untreated plots absent of social attractants. Nearest locations of tern breeding were recorded for 8 of the 10 sites, with breeding recorded within 300 m of the social attractant experimental plots at 5 of these sites. These results suggest that social attraction has the potential for use in black‐fronted tern conservation by drawing breeding terns into habitat that has added predator or habitat management. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Hypothesis: cerebrospinal fluid protein markers suggest a pathway toward symptomatic resilience to AD pathology
Authors: Meyer Pierre‐François , Savard Melissa , Poirier Judes , Morgan David , Breitner John ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe sought biological pathways that explained discordance between Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and symptoms.MethodsIn 306 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)‐1 participants across the AD clinical spectrum, we investigated association between cognitive outcomes and 23 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analytes associated with abnormalities in the AD biomarkers amyloid β1‐42and total‐tau. In a 200‐person “training” set, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression estimated model weights for the 23 proteins, and for the AD biomarkers themselves, as predictors of ADAS‐Cog11scores. In the remaining 106 participants (“validation” set), fully adjusted regression models then tested the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator–derived models and a related protein marker summary score as predictors of ADAS‐Cog11, ADNI diagnostic category, and longitudinal cognitive trajectory.ResultsAD biomarkers alone explained 26% of the variance in validation set cognitive scores. Surprisingly, the 23 AD‐related proteins explained 31% of this variance. The biomarkers and protein markers appeared independent in this respect, jointly explaining 42% of test score variance. The composite protein marker score also predicted ADNI diagnosis and subsequent cognitive trajectory. Cognitive outcome prediction redounded principally to ten markers related to lipid or vascular functions or to microglial activation or chemotaxis. In each analysis, apoE protein and four markers in the latter immune‐activation group portended better outcomes.DiscussionCSF markers of vascular, lipid‐metabolic and immune‐related functions may explain much of the disjunction between AD biomarker abnormality and symptom severity. In particular, our results suggest the hypothesis that innate immune activation improves cognitive outcomes in persons with AD pathology. This hypothesis should be tested by further study of cognitive outcomes related to CSF markers of innate immune activation.
Foliar pathogens of eucalypts
Authors: Crous P.W. , Wingfield M.J. , Cheewangkoon R. , Carnegie A.J. , Burgess T.I. , Summerell B.A. , Edwards J. , Taylor P.W.J. , Groenewald J.Z. 
Published: August 2019

Species of eucalypts are commonly cultivated for solid wood and pulp products. The expansion of commercially managed eucalypt plantations has chiefly been driven by their rapid growth and suitability for propagation across a very wide variety of sites and climatic conditions. Infection of foliar fungal pathogens of eucalypts is resulting in increasingly negative impacts on commercial forest industries globally. To assist in evaluating this threat, the present study provides a global perspective on foliar pathogens of eucalypts. We treat 110 different genera including species associated with foliar disease symptoms of these hosts. The vast majority of these fungi have been grown in axenic culture, and subjected to DNA sequence analysis, resolving their phylogeny. During the course of this study several new genera and species were encountered, and these are described. New genera include:Lembosiniella(L. eucalyptorumonE. dunnii,Australia),Neosonderhenia(N. eucalyptionE. costata,Australia),Neothyriopsis(N. sphaerosporaonE. camaldulensis, South Africa),Neotrichosphaeria(N. eucalypticolaonE. deglupta, Australia),Nothotrimmatostroma(N. bifariumonE. dalrympleana, Australia),Nowamyces(incl.Nowamycetaceae fam. nov.,N. globulusonE. globulus, Australia), andWalkaminomyces(W. medusaeonE. alba, Australia). New species include (all from Australia):Disculoides fraxinoidesonE. fraxinoides, Elsinoe piperitae on E. piperita, Fusculina regnansonE. regnans, Marthamyces johnstoniionE. dunnii,Neofusicoccum corticosaeonE. corticosa,Neotrimmatostroma dalrympleanaeonE. dalrympleana, Nowamyces piperitaeonE. piperita,Phaeothyriolum dunniionE. dunnii,Pseudophloeospora eucalyptigenaonE. obliqua,Pseudophloeospora jollyionEucalyptussp.,Quambalaria tasmaniaeonEucalyptussp.,Q. rugosaeonE. rugosa,Sonderhenia radiataonE. radiata,Teratosphaeria pseudonubilosaonE. globulusandThyrinula dunniionE. dunnii. A new name is also proposed forHeteroconium eucalyptiasThyrinula uruguayensisonE. dunnii, Uruguay. Although many of these genera and species are commonly associated with disease problems, several appear to be opportunists developing on stressed or dying tissues. For the majority of these fungi, pathogenicity remains to be determined. This represents an important goal for forest pathologists and biologists in the future. Consequently, this study will promote renewed interest in foliar pathogens of eucalypts, leading to investigations that will provide an improved understanding of the biology of these fungi.
The neglected variable. The coevolution of public administration and political parties in the UK and Italy (1950–2010)
Authors: Pizzimenti Eugenio , Calossi Enrico 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe relationships between the State and political parties have often been analysed in dual terms. Yet, as Katz and Mair already noticed in their well-known (and criticized) article on the emergence of the cartel party, a clear separation between parties and public institutions has never been completely achieved, in the evolution of liberal democracies. In contrast, while parties act as agencies of institutionalization, public institutions recognize (de jure or de facto) parties as the legitimate actors of political representation. From this perspective, it is worth considering party change as a process intertwined also with institutional change. To date, however, the analysis of such a relationship has been neglected by political scientists, who have privileged explanations of party change based on other factors, whether at systemic or at a micro level. By avoiding a priori assumptions about causality, our main research question is the following: is it possible to identify patterns of co-evolution between State institutions – more specifically, public administration – and party organizations? Building on a new institutional approach to organization theory, the aim of this article is to investigate to what extent the evolution in the size of party organizations and in the size of public administration has followed similar trajectories. Our study focuses on the United Kingdom and Italy, from 1950 to 2010. Our findings confirm that parties' external face expands when public spending and the number of public employees increase, and vice-versa. The same holds for parties' internal face, at least in the Italian case.
Emerging threat ofEimeriaoperational taxonomic units (OTUs) on poultry production
Authors: Venkatas J. , Adeleke M. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCoccidiosis is an antagonistic poultry disease which negatively impacts animal welfare and productivity. The disease is caused by an obligate, intracellular protozoon known asEimeria. SeveralEimeriaspecies known to infect chickens have been well documented. However, recent studies have elucidated the emergence of three novel genetic variants or operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The discovery of OTUx, OTUy and OTUz complicates the identification and diagnosis of coccidiosis. OTUs are clusters of unknown or uncultivated organisms that are grouped according to a similarity in DNA sequence to a set of specific gene markers. OTUs have been reported in the Earth's Southern Hemisphere, including Australia, Venezuela, India, Zambia, Uganda, Tanzania, China and Ghana. Elucidating their impact on the poultry industry is fundamental in preventing anticoccidial resistance and to access the potential of OTUs as vaccine candidates to provide cross-protection against similarEimeriaspecies. The identification of OTUs further decreases the risk of false negative coccidial diagnosis. Therefore, this article reviews the importance and risk imposed by OTUs, coupled with their prevalence and geographical distribution in chickens globally.
Love the Tree, Love the Branch: Beijing's Friendship with Lee Kuan Yew, 1954–1965
Authors: Liu Philip Hsiaopong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChinese national identity has long been considered to have been an obstacle to Singapore's nation-building efforts. This is mainly because China was suspected of using its ethnic links to encourage Singapore's communist rebellions during the 1950s and 1960s as Lee Kuan Yew was working towards establishing the city state. This study reviews Lee's exchanges with Beijing and argues that he gave China the impression that he was building an anticolonial, pro-China nation. Beijing therefore responded positively to Lee's requests for support. Reiterating its overseas Chinese policy to Lee, Beijing sided with him against his political rivals and even acquiesced in his suppression of Chinese-speaking “communists.” In addition, China boosted Lee's position against Tunku Abdul Rahman, supported Singapore's independence and lobbied Indonesia to recognize the territory as a separate state. China thus actually played a helpful role in Singapore's nation building.
Mill's ‘Modern’ Radicalism Re-Examined: Joseph Persky's The Political Economy of Progress
Authors: McCabe Helen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn The Political Economy of Progress, Joseph Persky argues for seeing John Stuart Mill as a consistent ‘radical’ with much to offer modern ‘radical’ political discourse. In this article, I further this claim with consideration of Mill's political philosophy, as well as his political economy. Exploring Mill's commitment to radical reordering of the economy, as well as emphasizing his commitment to egalitarianism; his historically nuanced view of ‘the progress of justice’; and his desire for a transformation of social (and economic) relations allows us to see more clearly how Mill's radicalism was a specific species of socialism. That is, Mill's early radical enthusiasm for the ideals of ‘liberty, equality and fraternity’ is also to be seen in his later socialism. Recognizing his ‘radicalism’ as a species of socialism allows greater understanding of the depth, importance and ‘radicalism’ of Mill's desired socialist reforms.
Sodium-mediated fast electrical depolarization does not prevent polyspermic fertilization in Paracentrotus lividus eggs
Authors: Limatola Nunzia , Vasilev Filip , Chun Jong Tai , Santella Luigia 
Published: August 2019

SummaryDuring sea urchins fertilization, the activating spermatozoon triggers a series of physiological changes that transforms the quiescent egg into a dynamic zygote. It has been suggested that several of these egg activation events, e.g. sperm-induced plasma membrane depolarization and the Ca2+-linked cortical reaction, play additional roles to prevent the entry of supernumerary spermatozoa. In particular, the abrupt shift in egg membrane potential at fertilization, which is sustained by a Na+ influx, has been considered as a fast mechanism to block polyspermy. To test the relevance of the Na+-mediated fast electrical block to polyspermy, we fertilized sea urchin eggs in artificial seawater with a low concentration of Na+; nearly all the eggs were still monospermic, as judged by the number of Hoechst 33422-stained sperm. When fertilized in normal seawater, eggs that were pre-incubated in the low Na+ medium exhibited impaired elevation of the fertilization envelope. Nevertheless, these eggs manifested entry of a single spermatozoon, suggesting that the fertilization envelope was not the primary determinant of the block to polyspermy. Furthermore, we showed that the abnormal cleavage patterns displayed by eggs pre-incubated in low Na+, which were often considered a hallmark of polyspermy, were due to the alterations in the cortical actin filaments dynamics following fertilization, and not to the formation of multipolar spindles associated with supernumerary sperm centrosomes. Hence, our results suggested that Paracentrotus lividus eggs do not utilize Na+ to rapidly prevent additional spermatozoa from entering the egg, at variance with the hypothesis of an electrical fast block to polyspermy.
Effects of High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Theta Burst Stimulation for Modulating the Posterior Parietal Cortex
Authors: Gan Tian , Nikolin Stevan , Loo Colleen K. , Martin Donel M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectives:Noninvasive brain stimulation methods, including high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) and theta burst stimulation (TBS) have emerged as novel tools to modulate and explore brain function. However, the relative efficacy of these newer stimulation approaches for modulating cognitive functioning remains unclear. This study investigated the cognitive effects of HD-tDCS, intermittent TBS (iTBS) and prolonged continuous TBS (ProcTBS) and explored the potential of these approaches for modulating hypothesized functions of the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC).Methods:Twenty-two healthy volunteers attended four experimental sessions in a cross-over experimental design. In each session, participants either received HD-tDCS, iTBS, ProcTBS or sham, and completed cognitive tasks, including a divided attention task, a working memory maintenance task and an attention task (emotional Stroop test).Results:The results showed that compared to sham, HD-tDCS, iTBS and ProcTBS caused significantly faster response times on the emotional Stroop task. The effect size (Cohen’sd) wasd= .32 for iTBS (p&lt; .001), .21 for ProcTBS (p= .01) and .15 for HD-tDCS (p= .044). However, for the performance on the divided attention and working memory maintenance tasks, no significant effect of stimulation was found.Conclusions:The results suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques, including TBS, may have greater efficacy for modulating cognition compared with HD-tDCS, and extend existing knowledge about specific functions of the left PPC.
Leveraging digitalization for sustainability in urban transport
Authors: Creutzig Felix , Franzen Martina , Moeckel Rolf , Heinrichs Dirk , Nagel Kai , Nieland Simon , Weisz Helga 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDigitalization coevolves with and fosters three revolutions in urban transport: sharing, electrification and automatization. This dynamic poses severe risks for social and environmental sustainability. Only strong public policies can steer digitalization towards fostering sustainability in urban transport.
Validation of Geodetic Seafloor Benchmark Stability Using Structure‐From‐Motion and Seafloor Pressure Data
Authors: Cook Matthew J. , DeSanto John B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOne commonly used method to measure and detect centimeter‐scale changes on land is structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry, wherein sets of digital images are used to generate three‐dimensional spatial models. Subcentimeter accuracy useful for geodetic studies is achievable when these surveys are conducted on land or from the air. This method has made its way into marine environments by way of scuba, remotely operated vehicle, and autonomous underwater vehicle‐based surveys largely in the context of mapping. Repeated SfM photogrammetry surveys could be used to monitor changes in the stability of seafloor benchmarks and key sites as the interest in and need for marine geodetic measurements continues to grow. These studies require centimeter‐level accuracy or better, and some rely on accurate placement, positioning, or relocation of geodetic monuments, benchmarks, and instruments. We assessed the accuracy of the photogrammetric method for this purpose by simultaneously conducting a remotely operated vehicle‐based SfM photo survey to produce three‐dimensional spatial data, and a precise pressure survey to accurately measure height information. We found that the SfM survey agreed with the pressure survey height within its uncertainty of ±6.0 cm while using a standard, off‐the‐shelf camera adapted for underwater use. This level of relative accuracy would allow us to detect changes in geodetic benchmarks or instrumented sites between repeated surveys where large changes or the accumulation of small changes is expected within the scene over several years. We believe that centimeter‐level accuracy is obtainable with adjustments to the photogrammetry survey parameters, a higher‐resolution camera, and inclusion of additional coded targets.
ABI Water Vapor Radiance Assimilation in a Regional NWP Model by Accounting for the Surface Impact
Authors: Lee Jung‐Rim , Li Jun , Li Zhenglong , Wang Pei , Li Jinlong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere are a growing number of advanced imagers for geostationary meteorological satellites, which can provide water vapor radiance observations with high temporal and spatial resolutions. To assess the impact of those imagers, radiance assimilation experiments were conducted with the Advanced Baseline imager (ABI) on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐16. The radiances from the three water vapor absorption bands of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐16 ABI were assimilated through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation system in a regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. The forecast impacts for Hurricane Irma (2017) and Hurricane Harvey (2017) have been studied and analyzed in this work. Due to complicated surface situations (emissivity, terrain height, etc.) over land, the infrared (IR) radiance assimilation is still limited; thus, handling surface effects in radiance assimilation needs to be considered. By analyzing the Jacobian function of skin temperature in the ABI radiance assimilation process, it is shown that assimilating water vapor IR radiances over high elevation surfaces or in dry regions is problematic even where the bands are mostly sensitive to the upper level of the atmosphere such as Band 8 (6.19 μm). Additional quality control steps using skin temperature Jacobians to eliminate the contamination from the surface impact are developed and added for ABI radiance assimilation. The results show that ABI radiance assimilation with quality controls is able to improve tropical cyclone forecasts. The methodology used in this study can be applied to the assimilation of IR radiances from other geostationary satellites or polar‐orbiting satellites.
The Record‐Setting 2018 Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season
Authors: Wood Kimberly M. , Klotzbach Philip J. , Collins Jennifer M. , Schreck Carl J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe extremely active 2018 eastern North Pacific (ENP) hurricane season set records for number of hurricane days, major hurricane days, and accumulated cyclone energy (ACE). The Western Development Region (116°W–180°) was especially active, shattering its prior record for ACE set in 2015. In addition, Hawaii was impacted by Hurricane Lane in August and Tropical Storm Olivia in September. Despite above‐normal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and below‐normal vertical wind shear in 2018, large‐scale conditions were generally less conducive for tropical cyclone (TC) formation than in 2015. However, the strong subtropical ridge in August and September of 2018 enhanced westward steering flow, thereby keeping TCs over hurricane‐favorable conditions and preventing recurvature toward lower SSTs and higher vertical wind shear. The 2018 ENP hurricane season highlights that El Niño conditions are not necessary for extremely high ENP TC activity.