bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrence of Giant Cell Tumor of Posterior Tibialis Tendon
Authors: Choudhry Karan R , Mandlewala Vishal N 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
To present a case of recurrence of giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCT TS) and its management.

Background
The GCT TS is a solitary benign soft tissue tumor of the limbs. It usually appears as an enlarging painless mass and has a synovial origin. The GCT TS is approximately 1.6% of all soft tissue tumors. The GCT TS of tibialis posterior is very rare, and recurrence has not been reported.

Case report
A 21-year-old male patient presents with complaint of swelling over right ankle since 3 years. Patient was operated for swelling 10 years back, and histological examination revealed GCT TS. Patient was asymptomatic for 3 years after operation and then developed swelling since last 3 years. On local examination, hypertrophic scar mark 1 × 4 cm was present at right medial malleolus. Ultrasonography of right medial malleolus and magnetic resonance imaging were done for further evaluation. Under spinal anesthesia and tourniquet control, medial approach was taken extending from 7 cm above the medial malleolus posterior to the tibia up to the talar head. Tissue was cleared and was sent for histopathology, which confirmed the diagnosis of GCT TS. Patient is on regular follow-up since then, and there has not been any recurrence.

Conclusion
Though rare, recurrence of GCT TS can occur, and it should be properly investigated and completely excised.

Clinical significance
Though recurrence of GCT TS is rarely reported, it needs to be dealt with a high index of suspicion and treated aggressively.

How to cite this article
Choudhry KR, Mandlewala VN. Recurrence of Giant Cell Tumor of Posterior Tibialis Tendon. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2017;4(1):45-48.
Open Fractures of the Ankle: Management Options and Factors influencing Outcomes
Authors: Rajnish Rajesh K , Saini, Uttam C , Cheema, Udai 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Open ankle fractures are rare injuries among all the ankle fractures and commonly occur after high-velocity trauma in road traffic accidents resulting in varying amounts of soft-tissue loss, periosteal stripping, microbial contamination, bone loss, and vascular injury. Management of open ankle fractures remains a daunting task due to the complex osseo-ligamentous complex, relatively thin soft-tissue coverage around the joint, propensity for wound infection and complications, and the risk of impaired functional ability. Management in the emergency trauma room includes initial stabilization of the patient, focused history, and detailed clinical evaluation determining the level and type of injury, extent of wound contamination, soft-tissue and/or bone loss, and neurovascular status of the injured limb followed by radiographic evaluation. Early antibiotics administration and wound assessment, irrigation, aseptic dressing, and temporary splintage form the cornerstone of initial orthopedic stabilization of open fractures. There is a general consensus that all open ankle fractures need early debridement and fixation to restore articular congruity and alignment of fracture fragments although the timing of internal/definitive fixation of open ankle fractures is still debatable. Common complications include superficial and deep infections, marginal skin necrosis, compartment syndrome, nonunion/malunion, and secondary osteoarthritis. Timely interventions improve orthopedic outcomes in these patients.

How to cite this article
Saini UC, Dhillon MS, Cheema U, Rajnish RK. Open Fractures of the Ankle: Management Options and Factors influencing Outcomes. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2017;4(2):69-76.
Diabetic Ankle Fractures: Does Management Differ? A Case-based Presentation
Authors: Shah Rajiv , Shah Shivam R 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Fractures in diabetics pose a great management challenge as diabetes mellitus affects fracture healing at the cellular level. With a steep rise in the number of diabetics the world over, there also is a rise in the incidences of ankle fractures. Nonoperative as well as operative management of ankle fractures in diabetics is fraught with a high rate of complications. With the help of history and clinical examination, the clinician must classify the case as either a complicated or an uncomplicated diabetes presentation. Case-based discussion for both these types of diabetic ankle fractures is offered in this article, and we propose a lucid management algorithm.

How to cite this article
Shah R, Shah SR. Diabetic Ankle Fractures: Does Management Differ? A Case-based Presentation. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2017;4(2):77-83.
Comparative Study of Platelet-rich Plasma and Corticosteroid Injection in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Tank Gyaneshwar , Rohila Ravikant , Gupta, Rohit , Gupta, Amit 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is promoted now­adays as an ideal autologous biological blood-derived product. It enhances wound healing, bone healing, tendon healing and is currently being widely used.

Aims and objectives
A prospective cohort study was done to assess the efficacy of autologous PRP injection and to compare it with corticosteroid injection in treatment of plantar fasciitis (PF).

Materials and methods
Eighty patients were included in the study and divided into two groups. Group I (30 patients) received PRP injection and group II (50 patients) were given steroid injection. Patients were clinically assessed at different intervals. Functional outcome was evaluated on the basis of visual analog scale (VAS) and foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) scores. Planter fascia thickness was assessed pre- and postinjection by ultrasound.

Results
Platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroid injection groups at the initial visit had VAS score of 8.44 and 8.38 respectively which was reduced to 1.46 and 3.02 at the end of 6 months. The PRP and corticosteroid injection groups at the initial visit had FAAM score of 29.9 and 31.6 respectively which increased to 83.4 and 69.1 at the end of 6 months. After injection, the PRP group had significant reduction (35.90%) in the thickness of plantar fascia as compared to corticosteroid group (28.67%).

Conclusion
Treatment of PF with PRP extract reduces pain and significantly increases function, exceeding the effect of steroid on long-term follow-up.

How to cite this article
Tank G, Gupta R, Gupta A, Rohila R. Comparative Study of Platelet-rich Plasma and Corticosteroid Injection in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2017;4(2):84-89.
The Metatarsal Axis Deviation Angle: A Novel Angular Measurement for Planning Surgery of Severe Hallux Valgus
Authors: Kantak Avadhoot P 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSurgical planning for hallux valgus is a complex procedure. Many angular measurements are described to decide on the correct procedure. Primus metatarsus varus is considered as one of the important factors in the causation and persistence of hallux valgus. Intermetatarsal angle (IMA) has been used to assess the first metatarsal varus. However, we identified a normal IMA in some feet with severe hallux valgus; and these feet had metatarsus adductus. Hence, after further investigations, we propose a new angular measurement to detect axis deviation of the first metatarsal. We have called this the metatarsal axis deviation angle (MADA). We also recommend a basal realignment osteotomy in hallux valgus with the MADA of more than 30°.How to cite this articleKantak AP. The Metatarsal Axis Deviation Angle: A Novel Angular Measurement for Planning Surgery of Severe Hallux Valgus. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2017;4(2):97-99.
Recent Development in the Molecular Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Authors: Sarkar Supriya 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Molecular diagnostic tests are the molecular techniques used to detect a nucleic acid of organisms. They have revolutionized the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and drug resistance. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification tests (CBNAAT) and line probe assay (LPA) have been accepted in our national tuberculosis control program. CBNAAT has the advantage that it can be done from crude samples and smear negative samples and results can be obtained by 2 hours. But CBNAAT can detect rifampicin resistance only.
On the contrary, LPA can detect rifampicin and isoniazid resistance, but the test can only be done at regional or national levels. LPA cannot be done from smear negative or crude specimens. The recent version of LPA (version 2.0) can overcome that problem. Second line LPA can detect the drug resistance against fluoroquinolones, second line injectable drugs and ethambutol (in version 1.0 only). GeneXpert Omni is a portable technique having 4-hour lasting battery using the same cartridge. GeneXpert Ultra has more sensitivity due to larger chamber size and due to two additional probes. Ultra may replace Xpert soon as it will be more effective against smear-negative TB, TB in HIV positive persons, childhood TB, and extrapulmonary TB. With the introduction of molecular diagnostic tests for TB, we will be able to reduce the time of diagnosis of TB and drug resistance. Thereby, we will be able to start first line or second line anti-tubercular chemotherapy earlier, and that will help us to achieve our goal in controlling TB.
Valuing breeders' preferences in the conservation of the Koundoum sheep in Niger by multi-attribute analysis
Authors: Hamadou Issa , Moula Nassim , Siddo Seyni , Issa Moumouni , Marichatou Hamani , Leroy Pascal , Antoine-Moussiaux Nicolas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This study characterises farmer's preferences for breeding rams and tackles their willingness to contribute to the Koundoum sheep conservation programme through their quantified appreciation of the main phenotypic features of the sheep breed in the region. The Koundoum is the main wool sheep of Niger and shows a remarkable adaptation to the environment of the Niger River valley. In Tillabéri region, i.e. the Koundoum sheep's area of origin, the proportional piling tool is first used in 11 focus group discussions of breeders to determine the main selection criteria of breeding rams. The multi-attribute analysis method is then applied with 168 sheep owners. The econometric estimation of the utility function of breeders is conducted with a conditional logit model and the marginal willingness to pay is calculated. The results reveal a strong rejection by the breeders of characteristics like wool and black-coloured coat and thus shows the poor acceptability of an in situ conservation programme. Few breeders with a particular concern for the breed's conservation for cultural motives may nevertheless join such a conservation programme that should mainly be based on ex situ strategies.
Developing a monthly radiative kernel for surface albedo change from satellite climatologies of Earth's shortwave radiation budget: CACK v1.0
Authors: Bright Ryan M. , O'Halloran Thomas L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Due to the potential for land-use–land-cover change (LULCC) to alter
surface albedo, there is need within the LULCC science community for simple
and transparent tools for predicting radiative forcings (ΔF) from
surface albedo changes (Δαs). To that end, the radiative
kernel technique – developed by the climate modeling community to diagnose
internal feedbacks within general circulation models (GCMs) – has been
adopted by the LULCC science community as a tool to perform offline ΔF calculations for Δαs. However, the codes and data behind
the GCM kernels are not readily transparent, and the climatologies of the
atmospheric state variables used to derive them vary widely both in time
period and duration. Observation-based kernels offer an attractive
alternative to GCM-based kernels and could be updated annually at relatively
low costs. Here, we present a radiative kernel for surface albedo change
founded on a novel, simplified parameterization of shortwave radiative
transfer driven with inputs from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy
System (CERES) Energy Balance and Filled (EBAF) products. When constructed
on a 16-year climatology (2001–2016), we find that the CERES-based albedo
change kernel – or CACK – agrees remarkably well with the mean kernel of
four GCMs (rRMSE = 14 %). When the novel parameterization underlying
CACK is applied to emulate two of the GCM kernels using their own boundary
fluxes as input, we find even greater agreement (mean rRMSE = 7.4 %),
suggesting that this simple and transparent parameterization represents a
credible candidate for a satellite-based alternative to GCM kernels. We
document and compute the various sources of uncertainty underlying CACK and
include them as part of a more extensive dataset (CACK v1.0) while providing
examples showcasing its application.
Electrical formation factor of clean sand from laboratory measurements and digital rock physics
Authors: Garba Mohammed Ali , Vialle Stephanie , Madadi Mahyar , Gurevich Boris , Lebedev Maxim 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Electrical properties of rocks are important parameters for well-log and
reservoir interpretation. Laboratory measurements of such properties are
time-consuming, difficult, and impossible in some cases. Being able to
compute them from 3-D images of small samples will allow for the generation of a massive amount of
data in a short time, opening new avenues in applied and fundamental
science. To become a reliable method, the accuracy of this technology needs
to be tested. In this study, we developed a comprehensive and robust
workflow with clean sand from two beaches. Electrical conductivities at 1 kHz were first carefully measured in the laboratory. A range of porosities
spanning from a minimum of 0.26–0.33 to a maximum of 0.39–0.44,
depending on the samples, was obtained. Such a range was achieved by compacting the samples
in a way that reproduces the natural packing of sand. Characteristic electrical
formation factor versus porosity relationships were then obtained for each
sand type. 3-D microcomputed tomography images of each sand sample from the
experimental sand pack were acquired at different resolutions. Image
processing was done using a global thresholding method and up to 96
subsamples of sizes from 2003 to 7003 voxels. After
segmentation, the images were used to compute the effective electrical
conductivity of the sub-cubes using finite-element electrostatic
modelling. For the samples, a good agreement between laboratory measurements
and computation from digital cores was found if a sub-cube size representative elemental volume (REV) was
reached that is between 1300 and 1820 µm3, which,
with an average grain size of 160 µm, is between 8 and 11 grains.
Computed digital rock images of the clean sands have opened a way forward for
obtaining the formation factor within the shortest possible time; laboratory
calculations take 5 to 35 d as in the case of clean
and shaly sands, respectively, whereas digital rock physics computation takes just
3 to 5 h.
Representación social de la muerte en las ilustraciones del Papel Periódico Ilustrado (1881-1888)
Authors: Recaman Clara Isabel 
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo analiza el giro visual que se dio en el Papel Periódico Ilustrado con la inclusión de grabados relacionados con la representación social de la muerte, en especial los retratos post mortem, despojados de todo el simbolismo para ofrecernos un “retrato natural” en lo que lo importante no es el personaje, sino los rasgos mortuorios y el testimonio de su buena muerte, con el fin de hacer solemne y eternizar el memento mori, dentro de la vida colectiva de la sociedad colombiana. Se trata de entender cómo esas imágenes fueron textos visuales, encargados de informar los sucesos recientes de la época, los cuales, si hoy en día pueden resultar ajenos a nuestros gustos visuales, deben ser comprendidos dentro del contexto cultural que tuvo la muerte en el siglo XIX.
Como hombre de su tiempo, Alberto Urdaneta fundador y director del periódico tuvo conocimiento del papel que representó el tema de la muerte dentro de la comunicación de masas, en donde el retrato post mortem apareció como resultado de una adaptación paulatina de las prácticas en el ámbito privado al público.
Oil Spill Response Equipment Typing: An International Approach
Authors: Knutson Scott , Hielscher Al , Smiley Dan , Cornell Craig , Bronson Chris , Larson Sonja 
Published: September 2019

Oil spill response equipment typing provides responders with necessary information to support selecting the best resource for the job. Simply stated, “kind and type” are the description and capability of an identified asset based on its capabilities, size, and use. “Kind and type” help guide Operations and Logistics personnel to a specific asset. Though the front-end argument for resource typing as an effective means of communicating capability for resource ordering has been a major focus, using “kind and type” also pays dividends on the back-end of the resource acquiring process when assets are summarized and tabulated to complete the Resource Summary or the ICS Form 209. Incident Commanders who do not insist on a strict “kind and type” routine may see misleading entries on their 209s. For example, mechanical recovery skimmers can be referred to as portable skimmers, OSRVs, skimming vessels, ocean skimmers and so on. Ultimately, on the ICS 209, the total number of all skimmers must be able to be categorized and counted so that the Effective Daily Recovery Capacity can be summarized. Correctly framing “kind and type” in the world of oil spill response equipment and personnel has been an elusive target. Several initiatives have paved the path to where we are today. Most recently, The International Maritime Organization's (IMO) release of Guidance for International Offers of Assistance in Response to Marine Oil Pollution Incidents, Appendix 12 Equipment Lexicon Glossary provides an internationally recognized equipment and personnel capability reference. Members of the response community in the Pacific Northwest have further refined the IMO Equipment Lexicon into regionally specific guidance, which is used to classify over 5,000 pieces of oil spill response equipment listed on the Western Response Resource List (WRRL). The WRRL is a web accessible response equipment database. The authors will describe the process of incorporating the IMO's Equipment Lexicon into the WRRL structure to create an enhanced list of “resources” and corresponding “kind and type” designations suitable for the equipment listed by resource owners. Additionally, the presenters will discuss how the enhanced WRRL can be used to; Locate and order response equipment during a drill or spill, Provide an overall picture of the region's response resources, Support the development and review of oil spill contingency plans, Assist in cost accounting, Track organization resources. For additional Information: www.wrrl.us/
Does Testosterone Therapy Increase Risk of Cardiovascular Events among Men? A Meta-analysis
Authors: Makki Nader , Karrowni Wassef 
Published: September 2019

Importance: There has been increasing interest in use of testosterone therapy (TT) beyond patients with hypogonadism to include younger men without documented hormone measurements for the purpose of improving libido, sexual function, bone density, and body mass. However, there is no conclusive data about safety of TT due to lack of adequately powered randomized clinical trials (RCTs) specifically designed for this purpose.
Objective: To examine the overall risk of cardiovascular events associated with TT via meta-analysis of published randomized and observational studies.
Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and the National Institute of Health Clinical Trials.gov database from 1966 to 2014.
Study Selection: Out of the initial 2,800 studies identified, we obtained a total of 34 studies for detailed analysis after applying our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two reviewers used eligibility criteria to assess all titles, abstracts, and full texts and resolved disagreements by discussion.
Data Extraction and Synthesis: One reviewer did data abstractions and quality assessments, which were confirmed by a second reviewer. Data were then collected and analyzed using random and fixed effect model, as appropriate. Risk estimates were extracted as adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) from included studies.
Main Outcome and Measures: Association of TT with cardiovascular events as a primary endpoint and association of TT with ischemic heart disease, all-cause mortality and cerebrovascular events as secondary endpoints.
Results: TT was associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.19-1.67, p = 0.0004), all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.03-1.62, p = 0.02), and ischemic heart disease (adjusted HR=1.51, 95% CI = 1.05-2.18, p = 0.02) but there was no clear association with cerebrovascular events (adjusted HR=0.91, 95% CI = 0.66-1.25, p=0.54). Subgroup analyses of our primary endpoint by study type (randomized versus observational studies) did not change our results (adjusted HR=1.40, 95% CI = 1.05-1.87, p = 0.02 and adjusted HR=1.54, 95% CI = 1.09-2.17, p = 0.01 respectively). Additional analysis using meta-regression and sensitivity analyses to account for factors such as history of prior CV events, indication for TT and duration of follow up did not change our results. However, we did notice lack of association between CV events and Intramuscular testosterone.
Conclusions and Relevance: TT may be associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and ischemic heart disease. These findings support the need for an adequately powered randomized study.
Evaluation of the Association between Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA), Glycemic and Lipid Status in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Ahmad Afzal , Manjrekar Poornima , Agarwal Ashish , Yadav Charu , Zahra Nadia Az 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus modify various biomolecules to cause Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). IMA (Ischemia-Modified Albumin) is one such oxidative stress marker already examined in various clinical events but have not yet been evaluated in different stages of DN.
Aim: To estimate and assess the relationship of IMA with glycemic status and lipid parameters in all stages of DN.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Hospitals, Mangaluru conducted between 2014 and 2015.
Materials and Methods: There were 60 type 2 diabetic cases and 30 healthy controls. Diabetic cases were further categorized into three equal groups on the basis of UACR (urine albumin-creatinine ratio), DN stage I having UACR less than 30 mg/g, DN stage II having UACR 30 to 300 mg/g, and DN stage III having UACR ≥ 300 mg/g of creatinine. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serum IMA level was estimated whereas automated analyzers was used for serum creatinine, HbA1c, urine albumin and urine creatinine analysis.
Results: Lowest level of IMA (109 ng/mL) measured in DN stage I, which was significantly different from those in DN stage II (154 ng/mL) and DN stage III (178 ng/mL). The significant positive correlation between IMA and fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin were present in stage II and stage III DN. In this study significant positive correlation of serum IMA to serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and negative correlation with high density lipoprotein were revealed in all stage of DN.
Conclusion: Current study postulates that early evaluation of serum IMA in diabetic patients with deranged lipid profile will provide an index of nephropathy development. This will help in prognosis and controlling complication in diabetes mellitus.