bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat‐shock transcription factor 1 is critically involved in the ischaemia‐induced cardiac hypertrophy via JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Yuan Lingyan , Qiu Lin , Ye Yong , Wu Jian , Wang Shuchun , Wang Xingxu , Zhou Ning , Zou Yunzeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy after myocardial infarction (MI) is an independent risk factor for heart failure. Regression of cardiac hypertrophy has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of MI patients. Here, we have been suggested that heat‐shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is a novel repressor of ischaemia‐induced cardiac hypertrophy. Ligation of left anterior descending coronary was used to produce MI in HSF1‐deficient heterozygote (KO), HSF1 transgenic (TG) mice and their wild‐type (WT) littermates, respectively. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated by hypoxia to mimic MI in vitro. The HSF1 phosphorylation was significantly reduced in the infarct border zone of mouse left ventricles (LVs) 1 week after MI and in the hypoxia‐treated NRCMs. HSF1 KO mice showed more significant maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and deteriorated cardiac dysfunction 1 week after MI compared to WT MI mice. Deficiency of HSF1 by siRNA transfection notably increased the hypoxia‐induced myocardial hypertrophy in NRCMs. Mechanistically, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and its effector, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were found to be significantly increased in the LV infarct border zone of WT mice after MI as well as the NRCMs treated by hypoxia. These alterations were more significant in HSF1 KO mice and NRCMs transfected with HSF1 SiRNA. Inversely, HSF1 TG mice showed significantly ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure 1 week after LAD ligation compared to their WT littermates. Our data collectively demonstrated that HSF1 is critically involved in the pathological cardiac hypertrophy after MI via modulating JAK2/STAT3 signalling and may constitute a potential therapeutic target for MI patients.
Calycosin alleviates allergic contact dermatitis by repairing epithelial tight junctions via down‐regulating HIF‐1α
Authors: Jia Zhirong , Wang Xiaotong , Wang Xiaoyu , Wei Pan , Li Lianqu , Wu Peng , Hong Min 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCalycosin, a bioactive component derived from Astragali Radix (AR; Huang Qi), has been shown to have an effect of anti‐allergic dermatitis with unknown mechanism. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of calycosin related to tight junctions (TJs) and HIF‐1α both in FITC‐induced mice allergic contact dermatitis and in IL‐1β stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. Th2 cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13) were detected by ELISA. The epithelial TJ proteins (occludin, CLDN1 and ZO‐1), initiative key cytokines (TSLP and IL‐33) and HIF‐1α were assessed by Western blot, real‐time PCR, immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. Herein, we have demonstrated that allergic inflammation and the Th2 cytokines in ACD mice were reduced significantly by calycosin treatment. Meanwhile, calycosin obviously decreased the expression of HIF‐1α and repaired TJs both in vivo and in vitro. In HaCaT keratinocytes, we noted that IL‐1β induced the deterioration of TJs, as well as the increased levels of TSLP and IL‐33, which could be reversed by silencing HIF‐1α. In addition, administration of 2‐methoxyestradiolin (2‐ME), a HIF‐1α inhibitor,significantly repaired the TJs and alleviated the allergic inflammation in vivo. Furthermore, TJs were destroyed by DMOG or by overexpressing HIF‐1α in HaCaT keratinocytes, and simultaneously, calycosin down‐regulated the expression of HIF‐1α and repaired the TJs in this process. These results revealed that calycosin may act as a potential anti‐allergy and barrier‐repair agent via regulating HIF‐1α in AD and suggested that HIF‐1α and TJs might be possible therapy targets for allergic dermatitis.
USantidumping petitions and revealed comparative advantage of shrimp‐exporting countries
Authors: Chang Chia‐Lin , McAleer Michael , Nguyen Dang‐Khoa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe paper explores the trade competitiveness of seven major shrimp‐exporting countries, namely Vietnam, China, Thailand, Ecuador, India, Indonesia and Mexico, to the United States. Specifically, we investigate whether theUSantidumping petitions have an impact on the bilateral revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indexes for each of the seven shrimp‐exporting countries with the United States. Monthly data from January 2003 to December 2014 and a panel data model are used to examine the determinants of theRCAfor the shrimp‐exporting countries. The empirical results show the shrimp‐exporting countries have superior competitiveness against the shrimp market in the United States. Moreover, theRCAindexes are significantly negatively influenced by shrimp prices, and are positively affected byUSincome per capita. However, theEMS(Early Mortality Syndrome) shrimp disease, domesticUSshrimp quantity, exchange rates andUSantidumping laws are found to have no significant impacts on theRCAindexes. In terms of policy implications, the United States should try to reduce production costs of shrimp in theUSmarket instead of imposing antidumping petitions. Moreover, the shrimp‐exporting countries should try to maintain their comparative advantage and diversify into new markets.
Making the good even better: A review and theoretical model of interpersonal capitalization
Authors: Peters Brett J. , Reis Harry T. , Gable Shelly L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhen good things happen, individuals will often retell this good news to others, a process termed capitalization. In so doing, individuals sharing their good news (i.e., capitalizers) boost their mood and relationships with the person(s) to whom they retell their news (i.e., responders). Most extant research has focused on the benefits for the capitalizers. Capitalization, however, is a social process that affects both capitalizers and responders, and research has only begun to explore the benefits of capitalization for responders. In this article, we provide a fresh perspective on the state of this literature by proposing the interpersonal model of capitalization (InterCAP). We illustrate how InterCAP (a) integrates and organizes existing research and theory, (b) formally emphasizes the interpersonal and iterative nature of the capitalization process, and (c) identifies gaps in current knowledge. We conclude by offering recommendations for integrating InterCAP with other theoretical models and suggestions for future research.
Quickly responding C‐fibre nociceptors contribute to heat hypersensitivity in the area of secondary hyperalgesia
Authors: Lenoir Cédric , Plaghki Léon , Mouraux André , van den Broeke Emanuel N. 
Published: July 2018

Key points
A recent animal study showed that high frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of C‐fibres induces a gliogenic heterosynaptic long‐term potentiation at the spinal cord that is hypothesized to mediate secondary hyperalgesia in humans.
Here this hypothesis was tested by predominantly activating C‐fibre nociceptors in the area of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia induced by HFS in humans.
It is shown that heat perception elicited by stimuli predominantly activating C‐fibre nociceptors is greater, as compared to the control site, after HFS in the area of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia.
This is the first study that confirms in humans the involvement of C‐fibre nociceptors in the changes in heat sensitivity in the area of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia induced by HFS.
AbstractIt has recently been shown that high frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) of C‐fibres induces a gliogenic heterosynaptic long‐term potentiation (LTP) at the spinal cord in animals, which has been hypothesized to be the underlying mechanism of secondary hyperalgesia in humans. Here we tested this hypothesis using a method to predominantly activate quickly responding C‐fibre nociceptors in the area of secondary hyperalgesia induced by HFS in humans. HFS was delivered to one of the two volar forearms in 18 healthy volunteers. Before, 20 min and 45 min after HFS, short‐lasting (10 ms) high‐intensity CO2 laser heat stimuli delivered to a very small area of the skin (0.15 mm2) were applied to the area of increased mechanical pinprick sensitivity at the HFS‐treated arm and the homologous area of the contralateral control arm. During heat stimulation the electroencephalogram, reaction times and intensity of perception (numerical rating scale 0–100) were measured. After HFS, we observed a greater heat sensitivity, an enhancement in the number of detected trials, faster reaction times and an enhancement of the N2 wave of C‐fibre laser‐evoked potentials at the HFS‐treated arm compared to the control arm. This is the first study that confirms in humans the involvement of C‐fibre nociceptors in enhanced heat sensitivity in the area of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia induced by HFS.
Desensitizing mouse cardiac troponin C to calcium converts slow muscle towards a fast muscle phenotype
Authors: Tikunova Svetlana , Belevych Natalya , Doan Kelly , Reiser Peter J. 
Published: July 2018

Key points
The Ca2+‐desensitizing D73N mutation in slow skeletal/cardiac troponin C caused dilatated cardiomyopathy in mice, but the consequences of this mutation in skeletal muscle were not known.
The D73N mutation led to a rightward shift in the force versus pCa (‐log [Ca]) relationship in slow‐twitch mouse fibres.
The D73N mutation led to a rightward shift in the force–stimulation frequency relationship and reduced fatigue resistance of mouse soleus muscle.
The D73N mutation led to reduced cross‐sectional area of slow‐twitch fibres in mouse soleus muscle without affecting fibre type composition of the muscle.
The D73N mutation resulted in significantly shorter times to peak force and to relaxation during isometric twitches and tetani in mouse soleus muscle.
The D73N mutation led to major changes in physiological properties of mouse soleus muscle, converting slow muscle toward a fast muscle phenotype.
AbstractThe missense mutation, D73N, in mouse cardiac troponin C has a profound impact on cardiac function, mediated by a decreased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Mammalian cardiac muscle and slow skeletal muscle normally share expression of the same troponin C isoform. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the consequences of the D73N mutation in skeletal muscle, as a potential mechanism that contributes to the morbidity associated with heart failure or other conditions in which Ca2+ sensitivity might be altered. Effects of the D73N mutation on physiological properties of mouse soleus muscle, in which slow‐twitch fibres are prevalent, were examined. The mutation resulted in a rightward shift of the force–stimulation frequency relationship, and significantly faster kinetics of isometric twitches and tetani in isolated soleus muscle. Furthermore, soleus muscles from D73N mice underwent a significantly greater reduction in force during a fatigue test. The mutation significantly reduced slow fibre mean cross‐sectional area without affecting soleus fibre type composition. The effects of the mutation on Ca2+ sensitivity of force development in soleus skinned slow and fast fibres were also examined. As expected, the D73N mutation did not affect the Ca2+ sensitivity of force development in fast fibres but resulted in substantially decreased Ca2+ sensitivity in slow fibres. The results demonstrate that a point mutation in a single constituent of myofilaments (slow/cardiac troponin C) led to major changes in physiological properties of skeletal muscle and converted slow muscle toward a fast muscle phenotype with reduced fatigue resistance and Ca2+ sensitivity of force generation.
Hypothermia for perinatal asphyxia: trial-based resource use and costs at 6–7 years
Authors: Rivero-Arias Oliver , Eddama Oya , Azzopardi Denis , Edwards A David , Strohm Brenda , Campbell Helen 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of hypothermic neural rescue for perinatal asphyxia at birth on healthcare costs of survivors aged 6–7 years, and to quantify the relationship between costs and overall disability levels.Design6–7 years follow-up of surviving children from the Total Body Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy (TOBY) trial.SettingCommunity study including a single parental questionnaire to collect information on children’s healthcare resource use.Patients130 UK children (63 in the control group, 67 in the hypothermia group) whose parents consented and returned the questionnaire.InterventionsIntensive care with cooling of the body to 33.5°C for 72 hours or intensive care alone.Main outcome measuresHealthcare resource usage and costs over the preceding 6 months.ResultsAt 6–7 years, mean (SE) healthcare costs per child were £1543 (£361) in the hypothermia group and £2549 (£812) in the control group, giving a saving of −£1005 (95% CI −£2734 to £724). Greater levels of overall disability were associated with progressively higher costs, and more parents in the hypothermia group were employed (64% vs 47%). Results were sensitive to outlying observations.ConclusionsCost results although not significant favoured moderate hypothermia and so complement the clinical results of the TOBY Children study. Estimates were however sensitive to the care requirements of two seriously ill children in the control group. A quantification of the relationship between costs and levels of disability experienced will be useful to healthcare professionals, policy makers and health economists contemplating the long-term economic consequences of perinatal asphyxia and hypothermic neural rescue.Trial registration numberThis study reports on the follow-up of the TOBY clinical trial: ClinicalTrials. gov number NCT01092637.
Study protocol: efficacy of oral alitretinoin versus oral cyclosporine A in patients with severe recurrent vesicular hand eczema (ALICsA): a randomised prospective open-label trial with blinded outcome assessment
Authors: Oosterhaven Jart Ate Franke , Schuttelaar Marie Louise Anna 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionSystemic treatment with alitretinoin is registered for all clinical types of severe chronic hand eczema. However, it is especially effective in the hyperkeratotic subtype and less effective in non-hyperkeratotic forms. Cyclosporine A (cyclosporine) is prescribed for hand eczema in daily practice as well. It has shown to be particularly effective in patients with vesicular hand eczema. The primary objective of this study is to compare efficacy of alitretinoin and cyclosporine in the treatment of severe recurrent vesicular hand eczema.Methods and analysisThis is an investigator-initiated randomised prospective open-label trial with blinded outcome assessment. Severity assessments and laboratory measurements will be conducted corresponding to daily practice. The study population will consist of 72 adult patients (age 18–75 years) with severe recurrent vesicular hand eczema. Patients are treated with either (group I) alitretinoin 30 mg once daily or (group II) cyclosporine with a starting dose of 5 mg/kg/day and a decrease in dosage after 8 weeks to 3–3.5 mg/kg/day. The treatment period is 24 weeks for both drugs. Primary endpoint for efficacy is response to treatment, defined as an improvement of ≥2 steps on a Physician Global Assessment, using a validated Photoguide, after 24 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints are improvement of Hand Eczema Severity Index, Quality of Life in Hand Eczema Questionnaire and a Patient Global Assessment. Adverse events and time to response will be registered. Furthermore, cost-utility, quality-adjusted life years and cost-effectiveness will be assessed with the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire while monitoring costs.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethical Review Board of the University Medical Centre Groningen (reference METc 2015/375). The study will be conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, in accordance with the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act.Trial registration numberNCT03026946; Pre-results.
’Who Cares?' The experiences of caregivers of adults living with heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease: a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Noonan Miriam Catherine , Wingham Jennifer , Taylor Rod S 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the experiences of unpaid caregivers providing care to people with heart failure (HF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or coronary artery disease (CAD).DesignMixed methods systematic review including qualitative and quantitative studies.Data sourcesDatabases searched: Medline Ebsco, PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Embase, Web of Science, Ethos: The British Library and ProQuest. Grey literature identified using: Global Dissertations and Theses and Applied Sciences Index and hand searches and citation checking of included references. Search time frame: 1 January 1990 to 30 August 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesInclusion was limited to English language studies in unpaid adult caregivers (>18 years), providing care for patients with HF, COPD or CAD. Studies that considered caregivers for any other diagnoses and studies undertaken in low-income and middle-income countries were excluded. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted by two authors.Data analysis/synthesisA results-based convergent synthesis was conducted.ResultsSearches returned 8026 titles and abstracts. 54 studies—21 qualitative, 32 quantitative and 1 mixed method were included. This totalled 26 453 caregivers who were primarily female (63%), with median age of 62 years. Narrative synthesis yielded six concepts related to caregiver experience: (1) mental health, (2) caregiver role, (3) lifestyle change, (4) support for caregivers, (5) knowledge and (6) relationships. There was a discordance between paradigms regarding emerging concepts. Four concepts emerged from qualitative papers which were not present in quantitative papers: (1) expert by experience, (2) vigilance, (3) shared care and (4) time.ConclusionCaregiving is life altering and complex with significant health implications. Health professionals should support caregivers who in turn can facilitate the recipient to manage their long-term condition. Further longitudinal research exploring the evolution of caregiver experiences over time of patients with chronic cardiopulmonary conditions is required.Trial registration numberCRD42016053412
Anticoagulation therapy in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation: a registry-based study of acute stroke care in Surrey, UK
Authors: Han Thang S , Fry Christopher Henry , Fluck David , Affley Brendan , Gulli Giosue , Barrett Christopher , Kakar Puneet , Patel Tasmin , Sharma Sapna , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionBecause of their high risk of stroke, anticoagulation therapy is recommended for most patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study evaluated the use of anticoagulants in the community and in a hospital setting for patients with AF and its associations with stroke.MethodsPatients admitted with stroke to four major hospitals in County of Surrey, England were surveyed in the 2014–2016 Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme. Descriptive statistics was used to summarise subject characteristics and χ² test to assess differences between categorical variables.ResultsA total of 3309 patients, 1656 men (mean age: 73.1 years±SD 13.2) and 1653 women (79.3 years±13.0) were admitted with stroke (83.3% with ischaemic, 15.7% haemorrhagic stroke and 1% unspecified). AF occurred more frequently (χ2=62.4; p<0.001) among patients admitted with recurrent (30.2%) rather than with first stroke (17.1%). There were 666 (20.1%) patients admitted with a history of AF, among whom 304 (45.3%) were anticoagulated, 279 (41.9%) were untreated and 85 (12.8%) deemed unsuitable for anticoagulation. Of the 453 patients with history of AF admitted with a first ischaemic stroke, 138 (37.2%) were on anticoagulation and 41 (49.6%) were not (χ2= 6.3; p<0.043) and thrombolysis was given more frequently for those without prior anticoagulation treatment (16.1%) or unsuitable for anticoagulation (23.6%) compared with those already on anticoagulation treatment (8.3%; χ2=10.0; p=0.007). Of 2643 patients without a previous history of AF, 171 (6.5%) were identified with AF during hospitalisation. Of patients with AF who presented with ischaemic stroke who were not anticoagulated or deemed unsuitable for anticoagulation prior to admission, 91.8% and 75.0%, respectively, were anticoagulated on discharge.ConclusionsThe study highlights an existing burden for patients with stroke and reflects inadequate treatment of AF which results in an increased stroke burden. There is significant scope to improve the rates of anticoagulation.
Predicting team-performance and leadership in emergency situations by observing standardised operational procedures: a prospective single-blind simulator-based trial
Authors: Tschan Franziska , Semmer Norbert K , Vetterli Maria , Hunziker Patrick R , Marsch Stephan C 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundPerformance of interdisciplinary teams and their leaders is crucial in acute medical care and can be monitored by observing specific events. Standardised operational procedures (SOP) are easily observable, whereas the unpredictability of medical emergencies makes performance monitoring in these situations difficult. The aim of this study was therefore to assess whether performance in emergency situations can be predicted by performance observed during an SOP.Methods30 intensive care unit teams composed of one staff physician (leader), one resident and three nurses performed a simulated scenario of an elective electrical cardioversion (SOP) followed by a cardiac arrest (emergency). Video recordings obtained during simulations were used for data analysis. The primary outcome was the correlation between performance scores of electrical cardioversion and performance during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (hands-on time, time to first defibrillation).ResultsNone of the cardioversion performance scores significantly correlated with resuscitation performance. Leadership scores during electrical cardioversion correlated positively with leadership scores during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (r=0.365, p=0.047). Moreover, there was a positive correlation of leaders being hands-off during both electrical cardioversion and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (r=0.645, p<0.0001).ConclusionsTeam performance in SOP carried no predictive value for emergency situations. Observing teams in easily observable SOP is therefore no suitable substitute for monitoring the performance in medical emergencies. There was a between-situation consistency for specific elements of leadership.