bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Management in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploration of Knowledge Gaps and Challenges
Authors: Chowdhury Sumit Roy , Sahu Priyanka , Bindra Ashish 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) stands as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children, as evidenced by the most contemporary statistics. Undernutrition in pediatric TBI (PTBI) leads to increased mortality, heightened infectious complications, and more severe neurological consequences. Therefore, timely and effective nutritional therapy is crucial in managing PTBI to improve patient prognosis and outcomes. Limited investigations have been conducted on the nutritional requirements specific to these patients and management often relies on data from adults with TBI for guidance. We have meticulously searched different databases to compile a broad range of the most up-to-date clinical research. This review analyses the challenges associated with providing nutritional support to children with TBI and provides a clearer understanding of the current evidence-based recommendations for optimal nutritional therapy. The review primarily focuses on recommendations and suggestions for energy requirements, nutritional assessment, initiation of nutrition, various feeding methods offered, identification of malnutrition, the impact of malnutrition on patient outcomes, and areas of further research.
The Fragile Brain: Understanding Frailty in Neuroanesthesia
Authors: Monteiro Joseph N. , Thakur Nimisha , Goraksha Shwetal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFrailty is a multidimensional geriatric syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserve, making patients more vulnerable to stressors, such as surgery and anesthesia. In neuroanesthesia, frailty is particularly relevant due to the high-risk nature of neurosurgical procedures and the potential for significant perioperative stress. Although there are several studies on the implications of frailty in spine surgery, there are lacunae in the knowledge understanding and frailty risk assessment in the cranial cohort of neurosurgical patients. A systemic review process with a qualitative data analysis of the available literature was used to extract data for this review. By identifying, acknowledging, and addressing the knowledge gaps in our understanding of frailty, specifically the cranial cohort, and developing a neuroanesthesia-specific frailty risk index, along with establishing best practice strategy guidelines and institutional protocols, neuroanesthesiologists will enhance and optimize outcomes.
The unmarked fixed segmentism in Chinese
reduplication
Authors: Yin Yuxia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reduplication often involves fixed segmentism, which includes
invariant segments, tones, or features that are not copied from the base. This
paper focuses on phonologically unmarked fixed segmentism in the Chinese
language and argues for base-reduplicant correspondence in reduplication. We
examine three types of fixed segmentism, including the onset /l/, the nucleus
/i/ or /ə/, and the coda /ʔ/ or /ŋ/. After surveying the data, we argue that
these segments have a phonological basis falling under the Optimality Theory
(OT) rubric of the emergence of the unmarked (TETU). We argue that while fixed
segmentism of this phonological type poses challenges to OT analyses, such as
Morphological Doubling Theory (MDT), which do not acknowledge the distinction
between the base and the reduplicant and their correspondence, it can be
accounted for within correspondence theory, given that the base and reduplicant
have an asymmetrical phonological relation to the input.
Bosonic construction of CKP tau function
Authors: Wang Shen , Guan Wenchuang , Cheng Jipeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The CKP tau function has been an important topic in mathematical physics. In this paper, the inverse of vacuum expectation value of exponential of certain bosonic fields, is showed to be the CKP tau function given by Chang and Wu, in the language of CKP Darboux transformation. In fact, computation of the above vacuum expectation value is usually quite difficult, since the square of bosonic fields is usually not zero. Here the corresponding vacuum expectation value is understood as successive application of CKP Darboux transformations, so that we can compute it by using the methods of integrable systems, where a useful formula is given. For applications, we construct solutions of KdV hierarchy by vacuum expectation value of bosonic fields, by the fact that KdV hierarchy is the 2–reduction of CKP hierarchy.
Infinitely many new solutions for singularly perturbed Schrödinger equations
Authors: Li Benniao , Long Wei , Yang Jianfu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with the existence of solutions for the following perturbed Schrödinger equation

−

ε

2

Δ
u
+
V

(
x
)

u
=

|

u

|

p
−
2

u
,

in

R

N

,

where ɛ is a parameter,

N
⩾
3

,

p
∈
(
2
,

2
N

N
−
2

)

, and V(x) is a potential function in

R

N

. We demonstrate an interesting ‘dichotomy’ phenomenon for concentrating solutions of the above Schrödinger equation. More specifically, we construct many new solutions with peaks locating both in the bounded domain and near infinity, which fulfils the profile of the concentration compactness. Moreover, this approach can be extended to solve other related problems.
Interpreting DESI's evidence for evolving dark energy
Authors: Cortês Marina , Liddle Andrew R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The latest results on baryon acoustic oscillations from DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument), when combined with cosmic microwave background and supernova data, show indications of a deviation from a cosmological constant in favour of evolving dark energy. Use of a pivot scale for the equation of state w shows that this evidence is concentrated in the derivative of w rather than its mean offset from -1, indicating a new cosmic coincidence where the mean equation of state matches that of the ΛCDM model precisely in the region probed by the observations. An equivalent way to express this is to say that the dark energy hits the maximum value that it will ever achieve within the observed window. We argue that conclusions on dark energy evolution are strongly driven by the assumed parameter priors and that this coincidence, which we are naming the PhantomX coincidence (where X stands for crossing), may be a signature of this.
The role of magnetospheric current sheets in pair enrichment and ultra-high energy proton acceleration in M87*
Authors: Stathopoulos S.I. , Petropoulou M. , Sironi L. , Giannios D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in numerical simulations of magnetically arrested accretion onto supermassive black holes have shed light on the formation and dynamics of magnetospheric current sheets near the black hole horizon. By considering the pair magnetization σ

e
in the upstream region and the mass accretion rate ṁ (in units of the Eddington mass accretion rate) as free parameters we estimate the strength of the magnetic field and develop analytical models, motivated by recent three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, to describe the populations of relativistic electrons and positrons (pairs) in the reconnection region.
Applying our model to M87*, we numerically compute the non-thermal photon spectra for various values of σ

e
. We show that pairs that are accelerated up to the synchrotron radiation-limited energy while meandering across both sides of the current sheet, can produce MeV flares with luminosity of ∼ 1041 erg s-1 — independent of σ

e
— for a black hole accreting at ṁ=10-5. Pairs that are trapped in the transient current sheet can produce X-ray counterparts to the MeV flares, lasting about a day for current sheets with length of a few gravitational radii. We also show that the upstream plasma can be enriched due to photon-photon pair creation, and derive a new equilibrium magnetization of σ

e
∼ 103-104 for ṁ = 10-6 - 10-5. Additionally, we explore the potential of magnetospheric current sheets to accelerate protons to ultra-high energies, finding that while acceleration to such energies is limited by various loss mechanisms, such as synchrotron and photopion losses from the non-thermal emission from pairs, maximal proton energies in the range of a few EeV are attainable in magnetospheric sheets forming around supermassive sub-Eddington accreting black holes.
Quantify typical trapping sites of deuterium in tungsten by sequential thermal desorption coupled with a dedicated numerical diffusion model
Authors: He Lin-Ping , Li Cong , Gao Jie , Zhang Wei , Shi Li-Qun , Zhang Hong-Liang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pure tungsten (W) was irradiated by low-energy deuterium (D) at 335 and 500 K to investigate the effects of irradiation temperature on the concentration depth profiles (CDPs) of D-induced trapping sites and the retention behavior of D at these trapping sites. To quantify typical D trapping sites, a novel approach was developed by combining experimental and theoretical analysis, including the sequential constant temperature thermal desorption to fast release D from irradiated W, in-situ ion beam analysis to obtain CDPs of retained D after desorption, and a one-dimensional diffusion model to simulate the diffusion, trapping and detrapping of D during desorption. The approach was verified through the microstructural characterization of irradiated W. It was revealed that the retentions of D in both near-surface and sub-surface layers were larger at the lower irradiation temperature (335 K) because of a higher density of D-induced dislocations and cavities in the corresponding regions. Employing the approach, the releasing behavior of D at four typical trapping sites, i.e. dislocations, mono-vacancies, grain boundaries and cavities was quantitatively analyzed. The approach with the capability to quantify typical D trapping sites provides a powerful tool for understanding the retention mechanism of D in the damaged W.
Design, modeling and validation of a low-cost linkage-spring telescopic rod-slide underactuated adaptive robotic hand
Authors: Gengbiao Chen , Hanxiao Wang , Lairong Yin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The incorporation of human-like gripping capabilities enhances the flexibility and adaptability of robotic hands (RH) within dynamic production environments, serving as a critical factor in advancing industrial automation and intelligence. To facilitate cost reduction in the RH industry without compromising performance, humanoid gripping capabilities have gained popularity and become more economically accessible. This paper presents the design of a cost-effective underactuated adaptive RH (UARH), characterized by a link-spring telescopic rod-contact plate-slide mechanism. Upon actuation of the metacarpophalangeal joint, the proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints achieve the desired grasping configuration through the preload state of the spring telescopic rod or the geometric characteristics of the object being grasped. Static modeling analysis reveals effective interaction and linkage relationships among the driving force, contact force, joint angle, and contact position of this UARH. The results from prototype testing confirm these characteristics. Consequently, it is evident that this UARH exhibits excellent dexterity, adaptability, and grasping capability, while maintaining a simple structure and low cost.
Improved country-wide estimation of above-ground tropical forest biomass using locally calibrated GEDI spaceborne LiDAR data
Authors: Zhou Yuchuan , Taylor David M , Tang Hao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) presents an unprecedented opportunity for cost-effective estimations of above-ground biomass density (AGBD) using spaceborne Light Detection And Ranging technology. Current performance of the GEDI Level 4 A (L4A) AGBD product is, however, subject to model choice and availability of calibration data. Here, we identified biases in the current GEDI L4A AGBD product compared to National Forest Inventory (NFI) data for the Southeast Asian country of Laos, with absolute bias values ranging from −54.24 to 106.23 Mg Ha−1 across different forest types. We optimised the GEDI L4A AGBD model configurations for natural forests in Laos and calibrated them with ancillary variables. The biases were significantly reduced (average bias reduction for all forest types = 42.2 Mg Ha−1), with the greatest reduction for the evergreen (EG) forest type. The calibrated GEDI footprints were aggregated to produce a country-wide map of AGBD for natural forests. The approach also enabled the updating of national-level estimates of average AGBD stock for each forest class in Laos using a model-assisted estimator complementary to the existing NFI design-based estimator. Results highlight the importance of localised calibration in remote sensing applications used in estimating forest biomass, and offer a replicable framework for application in other regions with limited availability of ground data and/or extensive, remote areas of forest.
Analogous Wrongs: Privacy Invasions and Discrimination
Authors: Schneider Alice 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Privacy scholars and activists frequently argue that one reason for protecting privacy is the danger that personal information could be used for discriminatory purposes. This proposition raises two questions: practically, are privacy rights capable of pre-empting discriminatory treatment; and, if so, is preventing discrimination conceptually part of, or related to, the purpose of privacy rights? This article provides answers in two parts. The first part partially vindicates the hope that privacy can, under certain conditions, guard against discriminatory treatment. However, I also explain that relying on privacy as proto-anti-discrimination law risks conferring added burdens to those already at risk of discrimination. The second part maps out ontological connections between the wrongs of privacy invasions and discriminatory treatment. I explain that direct discrimination is disadvantageous treatment on the basis of a particular kind of illicit reason or ‘ground’ that relates to protected group characteristics, like race or gender. I then propose an analogous view of privacy violations as doxastic states (eg states of knowledge) about others that are wrongful in virtue of relying on illicit reasons for belief.
Outstretched wing is controlled by intestinal enteroblasts‐derived unpaired 2 cytokine signaling in Drosophila
Authors: Li Yu , Liu Dongyue , Zhang Shengliang , Zhou Jinglan , Li Shuangxi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe outstretched wing phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster can be induced by various genetic mutations and environmental perturbations, yet the role of gut‐derived signals in coordinating wing development remains largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that Upd2, secreted from the gut to the wing discs, plays a crucial role in regulating the outstretched wing phenotype. The intestinal precursor cell driver esg‐Gal4 exhibits low levels of leaky expression, even in the presence of Gal80ts at room temperature (25°C). This leaky expression of TDP‐43, Notch, and Yki in intestinal precursor cells leads to a held‐out wing phenotype, shortened lifespan, and impaired locomotor function. Although esg‐Gal4 is expressed in imaginal discs, overexpression of TDP‐43, Notch, or Yki using the wing‐specific driver does not result in the outstretched wing. Furthermore, our data indicate that genetic alterations associated with the spread‐out wing phenotype originate in enteroblasts (EBs) during early development. RNA sequencing analysis with guts from third instar larvae revealed that the JAK–STAT pathway ligand Upd2 is among the most significantly downregulated transcripts. Notably, ectopic expression of Upd2 in EBs partially rescued the abnormal held‐out wing phenotype induced by TDP‐43, Notch, and Yki overexpression. Together, our findings identify gut‐derived Upd2 cytokine signaling as a key mediator of the outstretched wing phenotype, providing evidence for gut‐to‐wing communication axis during Drosophila development.
Current risks of byssinosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in textile workers
Authors: Nafees Asaad Ahmed , Cullinan Paul 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
The textile manufacturing sector is a major contributor to the economies of several emergent economies in the global South. Respiratory disease, including byssinosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), among textile workers appears to be common in this setting.

Recent findings
Notably, little or no contemporary research has been published from countries, which are major global producers of textiles. Most recent epidemiological studies are of a cross-sectional design, with deficiencies that repeat those of research in this area over the past 20 years and do little to advance the cause of prevention. Their estimates of disease prevalence vary wildly for reasons that are unclear. An important exception was the publication of a successful, randomized trial of a low-cost intervention, the first in this field.

Summary
Research into the respiratory problems of textile work needs to embrace modern approaches to the understanding of (occupational) COPD and move beyond the estimation of disease prevalence. There is an important need for cheaper and simpler techniques for workplace dust measurement. Occupational health researchers should pool their skills, resources and protocols towards the prevention of a problem that is common to many low- and middle-income economies.
Acute Human Bocavirus 1 Infection in Children Hospitalized for Acute Bronchiolitis: A 2-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Uršič Tina , Lusa Lara , Strle Franc , Pokorn Marko , Mrvič Tatjana , Grosek Štefan , Petrovec Miroslav , Virant Monika Jevšnik 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The objective of this prospective study was to assess the proportion and clinical consequences of human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) replication in children hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis (AB) with HBoV1 DNA in the nasopharynx (NP).

Methods:
For this purpose, we detected HBoV1 DNA and mRNA (evidence of viral replication and viable virus) in NP in cases and healthy control children. This research allowed us to distinguish active HBoV1 infections from inactive ones.

Results:
HBoV1 DNA was detected in the NP of 37 of 307 patients with AB (12.1%) and 9 of 150 children in a healthy control group (6%) with a high codetection rate with other respiratory viruses in AB patients, 28 of 37 (75.7%). Only 9 of 37 HBoV1 DNA–positive NP swabs (24.3%) with high DNA load were also HBoV1 mRNA positive, moreover, HBoV1 DNA was also detected in the plasma of these patients.

Conclusions:
Based on the results of our study, we can conclude that children with AB acute HBoV1 infection has a high HBoV1 DNA load in NP samples together with detected HBoV1 mRNA and detected HBoV1 DNA in plasma.
Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites in Children With Egg White Sensitization
Authors: Chen Chien-Chang , Yeh Yuan-Ming , Chen Kun-Jei , Chang Hung-Ju , Cheng Mei-Ling , Lo Chi-Jen , Lai Hsin-Chih 
Published: December 2024

Background:
We hypothesized that food sensitization in children could be linked to specific gut microbiota. The objective of this study is to assess a group of children with egg white sensitization (ES) from the microbiological and biochemical-metabolic standpoint, applying the microbiota and metabolomics approach to studying the intestinal contents of the feces.

Methods:
Twenty-eight toddlers with ES (mean age 13.08 months) and 24 healthy controls (mean age 12.85 months) were recruited for feces collection, serum IgE measurement, gut microbiota and metabolomics analysis. Individual microbial diversity and composition were analyzed via targeting the 16S rRNA gene hypervariable V3–V5 regions. The metabolite profiles of human feces were explored by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance.

Results:
Children with ES exhibited relatively high levels of Firmicutes at the phylum level and relatively low levels of Bacteroidetes. Moreover, children with ES exhibited significantly reduced overall gut microbiota diversity and richness compared with healthy children. At the family level, we observed significant increases in the numbers of Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Pasteurellaceae and Ruminococcaceae in children with ES. Egg white sensitivity increases orotic acid, nicotinate, methyl succinate, urocanic acid, xanthine, amino acids (tyrosine, lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine) and short-chain fatty acids (n-butyrate, valerate) levels according to the results of metabolomics analysis.

Conclusions:
In summary, some specific families and genera (dysbiosis) are enriched in the gut microbiota, and increases in the mean concentrations of organic compounds in the fecal metabolite profile are associated with ES in children. These findings may provide evidence of potential strategies to control the development of ES or other atopies by modifying the gut microbiota.
Modelling benefits and costs of decision making and feedback control for organisms in changing environments
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Johnston Iain G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCells (and organisms) make decisions in response to their environments. These decisions may help organism survival in environments with limited resource, but also constitute a cost to the organism in terms of the energy involved in sensing, processing, and responding to environmental change. Here, we explore the tradeoffs involved in a cost-benefit analysis of model organisms facing challenging deterministic or stochastic environments. The benefits of tunable versions of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control are computed under different environmental behaviours; the model reflects both the ability to use this control to decide on cellular strategy and the potential cost associated with this feedback control. We quantify the circumstances under which control is most and least beneficial and the different weightings of the PID terms that perform best in specific and general situations. While our model is very simple, these results provide potential insight into the benefits of different control mechanisms, particularly at the single-cell level.
Sex-specific insights into drug-induced lifespan extension and weight loss in mice
Authors: Belikov Aleksey V. , Talay Angelo , de Magalhães João Pedro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe DrugAge database serves as a comprehensive resource for the study of compounds that increase lifespan in model organisms. In the latest version of DrugAge, we have implemented multiple updates, predominantly focusing on mouse (Mus musculus) studies to enhance data accuracy and consistency. Key improvements include the re-recording of mouse data from original sources, standardization of drug dosages to parts per million (ppm), and detailed recording of administration routes, treatment initiation ages, and durations. The user interface has also been upgraded. Additionally, weight change data were included to address the potential impact of caloric restriction induced by drug administration on lifespan. Our analysis revealed significant correlations between weight loss and lifespan extension in male mice, particularly in studies conducted by the Interventions Testing Program (ITP), highlighting the importance of considering weight change in lifespan studies. We also observed notable sex-related differences in lifespan and weight change responses, underscoring the need for gender-specific analyses in aging research.