bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexually dimorphic therapeutic response in bortezomib-induced neuropathic pain reveals altered pain physiology in female rodents
Authors: Stockstill Katherine , Wahlman Carrie , Braden Kathryn , Chen Zhoumou , Yosten Gina L. , Tosh Dilip K. , Jacobson Kenneth A. , Doyle Timothy M. , Samson Willis K. , Salvemini Daniela 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) in both sexes compromises many current chemotherapeutics and lacks an FDA-approved therapy. We recently identified the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1PR1) and A3 adenosine receptor subtype (A3AR) as novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Our work in male rodents using paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, and bortezomib showed robust inhibition of CINP with either S1PR1 antagonists or A3AR agonists. The S1PR1 functional antagonist FTY720 (Gilenya) is FDA-approved for treating multiple sclerosis, and selective A3AR agonists are in advanced clinical trials for cancer and inflammatory disorders, underscoring the need for their expedited trials in patients with CINP as chemotherapy adjuncts. Our findings reveal that S1PR1 antagonists and A3AR agonists mitigate paclitaxel and oxaliplatin CINP in female and male rodents, but failed to block or reverse bortezomib-induced neuropathic pain (BINP) in females. Although numerous mechanisms likely underlie these differences, we focused on receptor levels. We found that BINP in male rats, but not in female rats, was associated with increased expression of A3AR in the spinal cord dorsal horn, whereas S1PR1 levels were similar in both sexes. Thus, alternative mechanisms beyond receptor expression may account for sex differences in response to S1PR1 antagonists. Morphine and duloxetine, both clinical analgesics, reversed BINP in female mice, demonstrating that the lack of response is specific to S1PR1 and A3AR agents. Our findings suggest that A3AR- and S1PR1-based therapies are not viable approaches in preventing and treating BINP in females and should inform future clinical trials of these drugs as adjuncts to chemotherapy.
Drug-induced acute kidney injury: diverse mechanisms of tubular injury
Authors: Perazella Mark A. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Medications are a relatively common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), especially in hospitalized patients who are exposed to numerous agents. Drug-related acute tubular/tubulointerstitial injury is the most common cause of AKI associated with these agents. Toxic effects of drugs and their renal handling often lead to various forms of AKI.

Recent findings
The inherent nephrotoxicity of drugs and their transport and metabolism by the kidneys play an important role in the occurrence of acute tubular injury. Apical transport of the aminoglycosides by endocytosis and apical pinocytosis of filtered hydroxyethyl starch into cells lead to acute tubular dysfunction. Transport of tenofovir and cisplatin by organic anion and cation transporters in the basolateral surface of the proximal tubule, respectively, are associated with intracellular drug accumulation and injury. Intratubular deposition of drug crystals with associated AKI occurs with several drugs, in particular the anticancer agent methotrexate. A potentially new mechanism of drug-induced AKI was described with vancomycin – acute vancomycin-related cast nephropathy. Immune-mediated acute tubulointerstitial injury is another cause of drug-induced AKI, as seen with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Summary
Drugs lead to AKI through mechanisms that involve their inherent toxicity as well as their transport and handling by the kidneys.
Emergent airway management of the critically ill patient: current opinion in critical care
Authors: Sklar Michael C. , Detsky Michael E. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
To describe techniques to facilitate safe intubation in critically ill patients.

Recent findings
Despite advances in the treatment of critically ill patients, endotracheal intubation remains a high-risk procedure associated with complications that can lead to appreciable morbidity and mortality. In addition to the usual anatomical factors that can predict a difficult intubation, incorporating pathophysiological considerations and crisis resource management may enhance safety and mitigate risk. Enhancing preoxygenation with high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation, the early use of intravenous fluids and/or vasopressors to prevent hypotension and videolaryngoscopy for first pass success are all promising additions to airway management.
Facilitating intubation by either sedation with paralysis or allowing patients to continue to breathe spontaneously are reasonable options for airway management. These approaches have potential advantages and disadvantages.

Summary
Recognizing the unique challenges of endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients is paramount in limiting further deterioration during this high-risk procedure. A safe approach to intubation focuses on recognizing risk factors that predict challenges in achieving an optimal view of the glottis, maintaining optimal oxygenation, and minimizing the risks and benefits of sedation/induction strategies that are meant to facilitate intubation and avoid clinical deterioration.
Individual resection and reconstruction of pelvic tumor with three-dimensional printed customized hemi-pelvic prosthesis
Authors: Han Qing , Zhang Kesong , Zhang Yong , Wang Chenyu , Yang Kerong , Zou Yun , Chen Bingpeng , Wang Jincheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Pelvic tumor had great impact on patients’ quality of life. After tumor resection, how to accurately fill bone defect remained challenging for orthopedic surgeons. Due to lack of individual design, high incidence of prosthetic mismatching, and loosening were reported in pelvic reconstruction surgery with conventional modular prostheses. Nowadays, with rapid development of three-dimensional (3D) print technology, pelvic prostheses could be designed according to patients’ own anatomy. The objective of this study was to describe the application of 3D printed customized hemi-pelvic prosthesis for patients with pelvic tumor.

Patient concerns:
A 62-year-old female had developed severe right joint pain without obvious inducement from 5 months before she sought medical advice. Pain, swelling, and limited range of motion of right joint were founded during physical examination.

Diagnosis:
The patients were diagnosed as “right acetabulum metastatic carcinoma”

Intervention:
3D printed titanium alloy hemi-pelvic prosthesis was designed according the morphology of unaffected side hemi-pelvis and subsequently implanted in surgery to reconstruct the pelvis. 3D printed osteotomy guide and pelvic model were also manufactured and applied to improve accuracy of osteotomy and reduce operation time. X-Ray of pelvis, Harris score, musculoskeletal tumor society score (MSTS) and The MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) were recorded during the period of preoperation, 1, 3, 6, 12 months follow-up after operation.

Outcomes:
3D printed hemi-pelvic prosthesis matched precisely with pelvis and implanted successfully. There was no sign of prosthetic loosening within 12 months’ follow-up. No sign of peri-prosthetic infection from laboratory examination. Harris score, MSTS, and SF-36 were gradually increasing during follow-up period.

Lessons:
Satisfactory effect of pelvic reconstruction could be achieved by 3D printed hemi-pelvic prostheses. It also provided a promising way to the treatment of pelvic tumor in similar cases.
Bereavement practices employed by hospitals and medical practitioners toward attending funeral of patients
Authors: Kim Kwangtaek , Churilov Leonid , Huang Andrew , Weinberg Laurence 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives:
To ascertain bereavement practices offered by hospitals and medical practitioners (MPs), factors that influence the likelihood of MPs’ involvement in funeral attendance, the benefits and barriers to attendance to a patient's funeral as perceived by MPs and the rate of attendance to patients’ funeral by MPs.

Design:
MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched with a systematic search structure for randomized controlled trials, comparative observational studies, case series, cross-sectional studies, editorials, and letters. The search was limited to English only. The study was registered with Prospero (Registration Number: CRD42018095368).

Results:
A total of 381 articles were identified with 46 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Of the 46, 16 were editorials and 12 were letters. Eighteen were cross-sectional studies conducted in the United States, Canada, Australia, Israel, and Ireland. Year of publication ranged from 1990 to 2017. Of these, 12 were quantitative, 3 were qualitative, and 3 were mixed-method studies. Two of the cross-sectional studies involved family members of deceased patients while others involved MPs. Bereavement practices offered by hospitals included memorial services, letters, and services provided by bereavement coordinators. Bereavement practices employed by MPs included answering or making phone calls, attending family meetings, and sending condolence letters. MPs’ attendance at a patient's funeral was influenced by MPs’ gender, age years of experience the medical specialty. Perceived benefits of MPs’ attendance at a patient's funeral included providing support to the family, extending the professional relationship, illustrating respect to the patient and the family, resolving guilt and personal growth. Barriers to the attendance included a lack of time, blurring of professional boundaries, personal discomfort with death, emotional arousal, and discouragement by colleagues. General practice had an attendance rate of 71%. Attendance rates for palliative care, oncology, and psychiatrists ranged from 63% to 81%, 7.1% to 67%, and 15% to 67%, respectively. Intensivists had an attendance rate of 22%.

Conclusion:
Several bereavement practices are provided by hospitals and MPs. Funeral attendance is an uncommon bereavement practice. MPs’ attitudes toward attending a patient's funeral are understudied in many specialties. Patient factors that influence MPs’ participation in bereavement practices are poorly understood.
Increased expression of miR-153 predicts poor prognosis for patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Bi Cheng-wei , Zhang Guo-ying , Bai Yu , Zhao Bin , Yang Hong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Deregulation of miR-153 has recently been observed in several common human cancer, while miR-153 serves an oncogene or tumor suppressive role in different cancer types. Previously, miR-153 has been identified to be overexpressed in prostate cancer. miR-153 played an important role in promoting proliferation of human prostate cancer cells and presented a novel mechanism of microRNA-mediated direct suppression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression in prostate cancer cells. Until now, little is known about the clinical significance of miR-153 expression in prostate cancer.
The miR-153 expression in 143 pairs of prostate cancer and adjacent non-cancerous prostate tissues was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Student t test was conducted for intergroup comparison. Pearson correlation test was used for correlation analysis. Survival curves were carried out by the Kaplan–Meier method and evaluated using the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard risk regression model was performed to screen the independent factor affected the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.
qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of miR-153 was significantly increased in the prostate cancer tissues in comparison with the adjacent noncancerous prostate tissues (P < .001). The high expression of miR-153 in prostate cancer tissues is closely correlated with aggressive clinical pathological parameters such as lymph node metastasis (P = .001); bone metastasis (P < .001); Gleason score (P < .001); and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P < .001). Prostate cancer patients with a high expression of miR-153 had an evidently lower 5-year overall survival as compared with those with a low expression of miR-153 (P = .019). Notably, the multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that miR-153 expression was an independent factor for predicting the 5-year overall survival of prostate cancer patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.481, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.582–10.727; P = .018).
Our study demonstrated that high miR-153 expression was significantly associated with a poor overall survival independently of other factors in prostate cancer. Therefore, miR-153 may be an available biomarker for prostate cancer prognosis.
Computed tomographic findings of macrolide-resistant Mycobacterium massiliense pulmonary disease and changes after antibiotic treatment
Authors: Yoon Hyun Jung , Chung Myung Jin , Koh Won-Jung , Jhun Byung Woo , Moon Seong Mi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to present the computed tomographic (CT) findings of lung abnormalities in macrolide-resistant Mycobacterium massiliense pulmonary disease and its changes in follow-up CT after antibiotic treatment.
Chest CT scans of patients with macrolide-resistant M massiliense pulmonary disease (n = 19) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were treated with multidrug therapy, and sputum examinations were performed. Follow-up CT scans obtained during antibiotic treatment after detection of macrolide resistance were also reviewed, if available (n = 13). The CT scores at detection of macrolide resistance and at the last follow-up periods were also compared.
Of all patients with macrolide-resistant M massiliense pulmonary disease, 2 (11%) patients achieved sputum culture conversion during the follow-up period. The most common CT findings of M massiliense pulmonary disease at detection of macrolide resistance were bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis (n = 19, 100%), followed by consolidation (n = 16, 84%), cavities (n = 11, 58%), and nodules (n = 6, 32%). On the last follow-up CT, overall CT scores were increased in 8 (62%) of 13 patients, and total mean CT score was significantly increased (P = .021). For each CT pattern, the cavity showed the greatest increase in CT score (P = .027), followed by bronchiectasis (P = .038).
Common CT findings of macrolide-resistant M massiliense pulmonary disease were similar to those of pulmonary disease caused by other species of nontuberculous mycobacteria at presentation. However, in macrolide-resistant M massiliense pulmonary disease, serial CT scans showed deterioration with cavitary and bronchiectatic change in most patients despite multidrug antibiotic therapy.
Effects of a 12-week moderate-intensity exercise training on blood glucose response in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chiang Shang-Lin , Heitkemper Margaret McLean , Hung Yi-Jen , Tzeng Wen-Chii , Lee Meei-Shyuan , Lin Chia-Huei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background:
The blood glucose response to moderate-intensity exercise remains unclear for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In addition, little is known about determinants of blood glucose response to a 12-week moderate-intensity exercise training. Therefore, this study aimed to explore trends in blood glucose in response to a 12-week moderate-intensity exercise training in patients with T2DM and to explore the predictors of post-exercise blood glucose (PEBG) and exercise-induced glucose response (EIGR).

Methods:
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted. Of the 66 participants with T2DM recruited from outpatient clinics of a medical center, 20 were eligible to enroll in a 12-week moderate-intensity exercise training. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 exercise times (morning, afternoon, or evening). Blood glucose were measured pre- and post-exercise. The EIGR was calculated by subtracting the PEBG from the before-exercise blood glucose (BEBG). Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the trends and predictors of PEBG and EIGR.

Results:
The BEBG declined progressively (β = −1.69, P < .001); while the PEBG (β = −0.18, P = .08) remained stable over time during the 12-week exercise training. Higher BEBG predicted higher (β = 0.53, P < .001) PEBG. Higher baseline maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) contributed to a larger magnitude of EIGR; higher HgbA1c and BEBG predicted higher EIGR (β = 0.27, P = .02; β = 0.45, P < .001); afternoon or evening exercise predicted lower (β = −13.2, P = .04; β = −5.96, P = .005) EIGR than did morning exercise.

Conclusions:
A 12-week moderate-intensity exercise training appears safe for patients with T2DM. Time of day for exercise, baseline VO2max, and baseline metabolic control may influence the impact of exercise for individuals with T2DM. These findings provide considerations for design of optimal exercise training for T2DM patients.
Multiple intracranial and spinal cord syphilitic gummas in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative man with untreated syphilis
Authors: Shen Sisi , Yang Ruiyi , Wang Libo , Tang Liwei , Liu Bo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Multiple syphilitic gummas involving both the brain and spinal cord are quite rare. Central nervous system (CNS) syphilitic gummas are commonly misdiagnosed as CNS tumors, and clinical suspicion and diagnosis of a syphilitic gumma by physicians are vital to avoiding unnecessary surgeries. Our case emphasizes the importance of routine serologic syphilis tests and standard therapy with penicillin in patients with a CNS mass.

Patient concerns:
A 22-year-old previously healthy man presented with a 9-day history of progressive right lower limb weakness.

Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of gummatous neurosyphilis was based on positive serological, cerebrospinal fluid tests for syphilis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, which revealed the presence of multiple dural-based enhancing masses with marked edema.

Interventions:
Therapy consisting of intravenous penicillin G at 24 million units daily divided into 6 doses were given for a total of 21 days, along with 3 weekly intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin G (2.4 million units) to ensure that the syphilitic lesions in the CNS were adequately treated.

Outcomes:
Complete resolution of the lesions was observed on MRI over a 3-month period.

Lessons:
The importance of routine serologic syphilis tests and standard therapy with penicillin in patients with central CNS mass lesions is noted to avoiding unnecessary surgeries.
Elevated expression of MTDH predicts better prognosis of locally advanced HER-2 positive breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab
Authors: Wang Xinle , Cai Lijing , Ye Feng , Li Mengqi , Ma Li , Geng Cuizhi , Song Zhenchuan , Liu Yueping 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH), also known as astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), is an oncoprotein closely related to the development of breast cancer. However, few studies have been done on the expression and clinical significance of MTDH in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) positive breast cancer patients.
This study aimed to investigate the expression of MTDH in locally advanced HER-2 positive breast cancer, and evaluate the clinical significance of MTDH in predicting the prognosis of patients with HER-2 positive advanced breast cancer who received the neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab.
In 144 HER-2 positive breast cancer tissues, 79 cases showed high expression of MTDH and 65 cases showed low expression. The expression of MTDH in locally advanced HER-2 positive breast cancer tissues was correlated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, Miller-Payne (MP) grade, and pathologic complete response (pCR) status (P < .05), but was not correlated with patient age, estrogen receptor (ER) expression level, progesterone receptor (PR) expression level, and Ki-67 expression level (P > .05). Kaplan–Meier univariate analysis revealed a negative correlation between MTDH expression and the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the post-operative patients with locally advanced HER-2 positive breast cancer (log rank test: P < .001). By using the COX proportional hazard regression model, it was found that MTDH expression, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and Ki-67 expression were closely related to DFS in patients. The hazard ratio (HR) of high MTDH expression was 1.816 (95% CI: 1.165–2.829). In addition, MTDH expression, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis were also closely related to the OS of patient. The HR of the high expression of MTDH was 2.512 (95% CI: 1.472–4.286). The expression of MTDH in tumor tissues of patients with HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer was significantly elevated, which was related to the poor pathological features.
High MTDH expression was closely correlated with poor prognosis of patients and was an important factor affecting tumor progression.
Synthetic cannabinoid-associated coagulopathy secondary to long-acting anticoagulant rodenticides
Authors: Bahouth Mona N. , Kraus Peggy , Dane Kathryn , Plazas Montana Manuela , Tsao William , Tabaac Burton , Jasem Jagar , Schmidlin Holly , Einstein Evan , Streiff Michael B. , Shanbhag Satish 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids have become increasingly popular drugs of abuse due to low cost and inability to detect these substances on routine drug screenings. In the United States, incidence of synthetic cannabinoid contamination with long-acting anticoagulant rodenticides (LAARs) resulting in coagulopathy and bleeding complications has been described.
We sought to describe the natural history, management approach, and outcomes of bleeding secondary to synthetic cannabinoid-associated LAAR toxicity in an observational case series of patients evaluated at an urban academic medical system.
We conducted an observational study of patients with suspected exposure to LAAR-contaminated synthetic cannabinoids and associated bleeding treated within the Johns Hopkins Health System.
In this 16 subject cohort, hematuria was the most common bleeding symptom at presentation. The majority of the cohort (75%) had international normalized ratio (INR) > 9.6 at presentation. Of the 13 patients with brodifacoum testing, 12/13 (92%) were positive. Twelve patients (75%) had at least 1 INR value below 2 within 24 hours of the first INR measurement. Of this cohort, 1/16 (6%) died in hospital. The median length of hospital stay was 4 days, (interquartile range = 3–6). The average cost of pharmacological treatment for coagulopathy during inpatient hospitalization was $5300 (range, $2241–$8086).
In patients presenting with unexplained coagulopathy it is important for emergency department providers to consider LAAR intoxication and consider formal testing for brodifacoum to assist with treatment planning. Use of a standardized management algorithm including intravenous/oral vitamin K, judicious use of blood products and close laboratory monitoring is essential to optimizing outcomes.
Clinical features and prognostic analysis of patients with chest wall chondrosarcoma
Authors: Gao Hongliang , Zhou Yuanxi , Wang Zhan , Zhao Renbo , Qian Shengjun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chest wall chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of the bone. This study is aimed to identify the prognostic determinants of chest wall chondrosarcoma. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify patients with chest wall chondrosarcoma from 1973 to 2015. Statistical analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression proportional hazards. A total of 779 patients were identified from the SEER database. The overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of the entire group at 10 years were 66.2% and 77.2%, respectively. On multivariate Cox regression, age ≤40 years, localized tumor stage, low tumor grade, surgery, and no radiotherapy were significantly associated with improved both OS and CSS. This study may help clinicians to predict survival of patients with chest wall chondrosarcoma and to provide appropriate treatment recommendations.