bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural rearrangements in the C-terminal domain homolog of Orange Carotenoid Protein are crucial for carotenoid transfer
Authors: Harris Dvir , Wilson Adjele , Muzzopappa Fernando , Sluchanko Nikolai N. , Friedrich Thomas , Maksimov Eugene G. , Kirilovsky Diana , Adir Noam 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA recently reported family of soluble cyanobacterial carotenoproteins, homologs of the C-terminal domain (CTDH) of the photoprotective Orange Carotenoid Protein, is suggested to mediate carotenoid transfer from the thylakoid membrane to the Helical Carotenoid Proteins, which are paralogs of the N-terminal domain of the OCP. Here we present the three-dimensional structure of a carotenoid-free CTDH variant from Anabaena (Nostoc) PCC 7120. This CTDH contains a cysteine residue at position 103. Two dimer-forming interfaces were identified, one stabilized by a disulfide bond between monomers and the second between each monomer’s β-sheets, both compatible with small-angle X-ray scattering data and likely representing intermediates of carotenoid transfer processes. The crystal structure revealed a major positional change of the C-terminal tail. Further mutational analysis revealed the importance of the C-terminal tail in both carotenoid uptake and delivery. These results have allowed us to suggest a detailed model for carotenoid transfer via these soluble proteins.
Comprehensive high-resolution multiple-reaction monitoring mass spectrometry for targeted eicosanoid assays
Authors: Sorgi Carlos Artério , Peti Ana Paula Ferranti , Petta Tania , Meirelles Alyne Fávero Galvão , Fontanari Caroline , Moraes Luiz Alberto Beraldo de , Faccioli Lúcia Helena 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEicosanoids comprise a class of bioactive lipids derived from a unique group of essential fatty acids that mediate a variety of important physiological functions. Owing to the structural diversity of these lipids, their analysis in biological samples is often a major challenge. Advancements in mass spectrometric have been helpful for the characterization and quantification of these molecular lipid species in complex matrices. However, there are technical limitations to this approach, including low-abundant and/or poorly ionizable lipids. Using high-resolution multiple-reaction monitoring (MRMHR), we were able to develop a targeted bioanalytical method for eicosanoid quantification. For this, we optimized the LC-MS/MS conditions and evaluated several parameters, including linearity, limits of quantification, matrix effects and recovery yields. For validation purposes, we looked at the method’s precision and accuracy. A library of high-resolution fragmentation spectra for eicosanoids was developed. Our comprehensive dataset meets benchmark standards for targeted analysis, having been derived using best-practice workflows and rigorous quality assessments. As such, our method has applications for determining complex eicosanoid profiles in the biomedical field.
The Effects of Syntactic Complexity and Sentence Length on the Speech Motor Control of School-Age Children Who Stutter
Authors: Usler Evan R. , Walsh Bridget 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Early childhood stuttering is associated with atypical speech motor development. Compared with children who do not stutter (CWNS), the speech motor systems of school-age children who stutter (CWS) may also be particularly susceptible to breakdown under increased processing demands. The effects of increased syntactic complexity and sentence length on articulatory coordination were investigated.

Method

Kinematic, temporal, and behavioral indices of articulatory coordination were quantified for school-age CWS (
n
= 19) and CWNS (
n
= 18). Participants produced 4 sentences varying in syntactic complexity (simple declarative/complex declarative with a relative clause) and sentence length (short/long). Lip aperture variability (LAVar) served as a kinematic measure of interarticulatory consistency over repeated productions. Articulation rate (syllables per second) was also calculated as a related temporal measure. Finally, we computed accuracy and stuttering frequency percentages for each sentence to assess task performance.

Results
Increased sentence length, but not syntactic complexity, increased LAVar in both groups. This effect was disproportionately greater for CWS compared with CWNS. No group differences were observed for articulation rate. CWS were also less accurate in their sentence productions than fluent peers and exhibited more instances of stuttering when processing demands associated with length and syntactic complexity increases.

Conclusions
The speech motor systems of school-age CWS appear to be particularly vulnerable to processing demands associated with increased sentence length, as evidenced by increased LAVar. Increasing the length and complexity of the sentence stimuli also resulted in reduced production accuracy and increased stuttering frequency. We discuss these findings within a motor control framework of speech production.
High‐resolution SAR imaging from azimuth periodically gapped raw data via generalised orthogonal matching pursuit
Authors: Qian Yulei , Zhu Daiyin 
Published: August 2018

Occurrence of periodical gapping in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) raw data poses a challenge in obtaining focused images. Traditional SAR imaging algorithms fail to process the periodically gapped raw data. A method is proposed to solve this problem. The presented method consists of phase compensation and recovering raw data in range Doppler domain via generalised orthogonal matching pursuit. Then, the recovered raw data is capable of being processed with the traditional SAR imaging algorithms. The Omega‐K algorithm is selected to focus the reconstructed raw data. The presented method is validated on performing better in comparison with the spectral method periodically gapped amplitude and phase estimation by point target simulation and analysis. In simulation, the raw data loses 50% by the form of azimuth periodical gapping. The resolution of point targets can reach 0.25 m in both azimuth and range direction. In addition, real SAR raw data is utilised to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Design of a miniaturised broadband 3 × 3 mm antenna for intraocular retinal prosthesis application
Authors: Kaim Vikrant , Kanaujia Binod K. , Rambabu Karumudi 
Published: August 2018

A highly compact and broadband antenna suitable for a prosthetic device to restore vision in the blind is presented. By embedding three straight sections of meandered microstrip patch line at the feed point, the proposed antenna gives three separate bands at 2.45, 4.2, and 5.8 GHz. The square patch loop is etched in the centre for miniaturisation. Three U‐shaped patch stubs are utilised for frequency tuning. Three bands are merged together by adopting two square annular rings in the ground to obtain a wider bandwidth (2–8 GHz) incorporating unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) and UWB bands.
Pre‐emphasis enabled 50 Gbit/s transmission over 1000 m SMF using a 1060 nm single‐mode VCSEL
Authors: Lengyel T. , Simpanen E. , Gustavsson J.S. , Larsson A. , Karlsson M. , Andrekson P.A. , Sorin W.V. , Mathai S. , Tan M.R. , Bickham S. 
Published: August 2018

A single‐mode 1060 nm vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) and single‐mode fibre (SMF) based link with two‐tap active pre‐emphasis enabling error‐free transmission of 50 Gbit/s NRZ‐OOK over 1000 m is presented.
A global correlation linking young stars, clouds, and galaxies
Authors: Mendigutía I. , Lada C. J. , Oudmaijer R. D. 
Published: August 2018

Context. The star formation rate (SFR) linearly correlates with the amount of dense gas mass (Mdg) involved in the formation of stars both for distant galaxies and clouds in our Galaxy. Similarly, the mass accretion rate (Ṁacc) and the disk mass (Mdisk) of young, Class II stars are also linearly correlated.
Aims. We aim to explore the conditions under which the previous relations could be unified.
Methods. Observational values of SFR, Mdg, Ṁacc, and Mdisk for a representative sample of galaxies, star forming clouds, and young stars have been compiled from the literature. Data were plotted together in order to analyze how the rate of gas transformed into stars and the mass of dense gas directly involved in this transformation relate to each other over vastly different physical systems.
Results. A statistically significant correlation is found spanning ~16 orders of magnitude in each axis, but with large scatter. This probably represents one of the widest ranges of any empirical correlation known, encompassing galaxies that are several kiloparsec in size, parsec-size star-forming clouds within our Galaxy, down to young, pre-main sequence stars with astronomical unit-size protoplanetary disks. Assuming that this global correlation has an underlying physical reason, we propose a bottom-up hypothesis suggesting that a relation between Ṁacc and the total circumstellar mass surrounding Class 0/I sources (Mcs; disk + envelope) drives the correlation in clouds that host protostars and galaxies that host clouds. This hypothesis is consistent with the fact that the SFRs derived for clouds over a timescale of 2 Myr can be roughly recovered from the sum of instantaneous accretion rates of the protostars embedded within them, implying that galactic SFRs averaged over ~10–100 Myr should be constant over this period too. Moreover, the sum of the circumstellar masses directly participating in the formation of the protostellar population in a cloud likely represents a non-negligible fraction of the dense gas mass within the cloud.
Conclusions. If the fraction of gas directly participating in the formation of stars is ~1–35% of the dense gas mass associated with star-forming clouds and galaxies, then the global correlation for all scales has a near unity slope and an intercept consistent with the (proto-)stellar accretion timescale, Mcs/ Ṁacc. Therefore, an additional critical test of our hypothesis is that the Ṁacc−Mdisk correlation for Class II stars should also be observed between Ṁacc and Mcs for Class 0/I sources with similar slope and intercept.
Outstanding X-ray emission from the stellar radio pulsar CU Virginis
Authors: Robrade J. , Oskinova L. M. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Leto P. , Trigilio C. 
Published: August 2018

Context. Among the intermediate-mass magnetic chemically peculiar (MCP) stars, CU Vir is one of the most intriguing objects. Its 100% circularly polarized beams of radio emission sweep the Earth as the star rotates, thereby making this strongly magnetic star the prototype of a class of nondegenerate stellar radio pulsars. While CU Vir is well studied in radio, its high-energy properties are not known. Yet, X-ray emission is expected from stellar magnetospheres and confined stellar winds.
Aims. Using X-ray data we aim to test CU Vir for intrinsic X-ray emission and investigate mechanisms responsible for its generation.
Methods. We present X-ray observations performed with XMM-Newton and Chandra and study obtained X-ray images, light curves, and spectra. Basic X-ray properties are derived from spectral modelling and are compared with model predictions. In this context we investigate potential thermal and nonthermal X-ray emission scenarios.
Results. We detect an X-ray source at the position of CU Vir. With LX ≍ 3×1028 erg s−1 it is moderately X-ray bright, but the spectrum is extremely hard compared to other Ap stars. Spectral modelling requires multi-component models with predominant hot plasma at temperatures of about TX = 25 MK or, alternatively, a nonthermal spectral component. Both types of model provide a virtually equivalent description of the X-ray spectra. The Chandra observation was performed six years later than those by XMM-Newton, yet the source has similar X-ray flux and spectrum, suggesting a steady and persistent X-ray emission. This is further confirmed by the X-ray light curves that show only mild X-ray variability.
Conclusions. CU Vir is also an exceptional star at X-ray energies. To explain its full X-ray properties, a generating mechanism beyond standard explanations, like the presence of a low-mass companion or magnetically confined wind-shocks, is required. Magnetospheric activity might be present or, as proposed for fast-rotating strongly magnetic Bp stars, the X-ray emission of CU Vir is predominantly auroral in nature.
Evaluation der Online-Präsenz (Homepages) plastischer Chirurgien im DACH Raum
Authors: Smolle Christian , Eylert Gertraud , Kronberger Philipp , Mischitz Madeleine , Kamolz Lars-Peter 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung In der Europäischen Union ist innerhalb der letzten 10 Jahre der Prozentsatz der Internetanschlüsse von 55 % auf 85 % gestiegen. Das Internet
hat sich inzwischen in vielerlei Hinsicht zum Informations- und Kommunikationsmittel der ersten Wahl entwickelt. In der Chirurgie kann ein gut gestalteter
Webauftritt dazu beitragen, Patienten fachgerecht zu informieren und mit ihnen in Kontakt zu treten. Ziel dieser Studie war es die Homepages der plastischen
Chirurgien im DACH-Raum (Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz) auf deren Qualität zu prüfen.
Material und Methoden Die Homepages plastisch-chirurgischer Abteilungen im DACH-Raum wurden anhand eines Kriterienkatalogs, welcher 40 Kriterien aus den 5
Kategorien „Allgemeine Informationen“, „Informationsaufbereitung“, „Forschung und Lehre“, „Informationen für Patienten und Angehörige“ und
„Behandlungsspezifische Informationen“ umfasst, beurteilt. Zudem wurden die Homepages mit der Suchmaschine „Google“ gesucht und deren Rang innerhalb der
Google-Sucherergebnisse erfasst. Die Ergebnisse von Abteilungen mit und ohne Universitätsassoziation wurden mithilfe des T-Tests und des Chi2-Test
verglichen.
Ergebnisse Anhand einer Internetrecherche konnten 172 Abteilungen erfasst werden; die meisten davon in Deutschland (77 %), gefolgt von der Schweiz (15 %)
und Österreich (8 %). Auf allen Homepages wurde als Kontaktreferenz eine Telefonnummer angeführt und bei 95 % wurde das Behandlungsspektrum dargestellt. 95 %
der Homepages waren auf Deutsch abrufbar, 22 % verfügten über zusätzlich über ein englisches Sprachangebot. Zumindest wurden 7, maximal 34 der 40 Kriterien
erfüllt. Zu den am seltensten erfüllten Kriterien zählten Informationen zu Erstmaßnahmen bei Verletzungen, mögliche Wartezeiten und die verfügbare
Intensivbettenanzahl für plastisch-chirurgische Patienten (jeweils 4 %). Im Median waren die Abteilungen an der ersten Stelle der Google-Suchergebnisse zu
finden. Abteilungen mit Universitätsbezug erfüllten 14 der 40 untersuchten Kriterien signifikant häufiger (p < 0,05) als nichtuniversitäre.
Schlussfolgerung Der Webauftritt plastisch-chirurgischer Abteilungen im DACH-Raum kann als zufriedenstellend bewertet werden. Im Schnitt enthalten die
Homepages universitärer Abteilungen mehr Informationen als die nicht-universitärer. Vor allem hinsichtlich Angaben zur Ersten Hilfe bei Verletzungen und
bezüglich Mehrsprachigkeit der Website besteht aber noch Verbesserungspotential.
Mesenchymale Stromazellen auf dem Weg zur klinischen Anwendung: Update 2018
Authors: Rojewski Markus , Schäfer Richard , Bieback Karin , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Bönig Halvard 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungMesenchymale Stromazellen (MSC) besitzen ein großes therapeutisches Potenzial sowohl für Immunmodulation als auch regenerative Therapie. In einigen Indikationen, z. B. Behandlung der schweren Transplantat-gegen-Empfänger-Reaktion nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation, wurden MSC schon vor mehr als 10 Jahren therapeutisch eingesetzt. In weiteren Indikationen haben die MSC in den letzten Jahren nun das Stadium der klinischen Erprobung erreicht. Hier erfolgt eine Evaluation der Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit einer MSC-Therapie in einem sehr breiten Spektrum von Erkrankungen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit stellt den aktuellen Stand der präklinischen und klinischen Forschung zur Anwendung von MSC in der Behandlung der Transplantat-gegen-Empfänger-Reaktion, von Wundheilungsstörungen, von neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen und Knochen- und Knorpeldefekten dar.
Comparison of Prolonged Rowing on Fixed and Free-floating Ergometers in Competitive Rowers
Authors: Kerhervé Hugo , Chatel Benjamin , Reboah Sébastien , Rossi Jérémy , Samozino Pierre , Messonnier Laurent 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the effect of a 40-min submaximal rowing exercise performed on ergometers with fixed and free-floating designs. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, force and rate of force development (RFD) at the handle, stroke rate, duty factor, movement kinematics of upper and lower limbs, and muscle activity of lumbar spine muscles iliocostalis and erector spinae (IC and ESL) were measured at the beginning and at the end of a 40-min rowing exercise at ~60% of peak power output, in eleven competitive rowers. Force of lumbar extension decreased, and blood lactate increased following submaximal exercise on both ergometers. No changes in RFD, duty factor, and muscle activity of IC occurred in response to submaximal exercise. Rowing on DYN elicited higher heart rate and modified rowing kinematics (stroke rate, acceleration of the lower limbs) without changes in temporal or force application patterns compared to rowing on STAT at the same power output. Rowing on DYN was also associated with increased activity of the lumbar spine muscle ESL, which could originate from a greater range of motion, or from an increased lumbar spine muscle activity, at the same overall power.
Silent Inflammation und Depression
Authors: Rusch Kerstin 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungÜber die Darm-Hirn-Achse können somatische Ursachen auf das Gehirn und die Psyche wirken. So hängen chronische subklinische Entzündungen nicht nur mit
Adipositas, Typ-2-Diabetes und Autoimmunerkrankungen zusammen, sondern auch mit depressiven Verstimmungen. Die niedriggradigen systemischen Entzündungen bringen
die Kynurenin-Tryptophan-Ratio aus dem Gleichgewicht. Entsteht mehr Kynurenin, bilden sich auch mehr depressionsfördernde Metaboliten. Gleichzeitig verringert
sich der Serotoninspiegel und nachfolgend das Schlafhormon Melatonin. Der vorgestellte Patientenfall zeigt, wie mit gezielter Diagnostik und Therapie der
Teufelskreis einer seit Jahren bestehenden Depression durchbrochen werden konnte.
Do Exercise Trials for Hypertension Adequately Report Interventions? A Reporting Quality Study
Authors: Hacke Claudia , Nunan David , Weisser Burkhard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNon-pharmacological treatment, including exercise, is an important therapy option for patients with hypertension. The study assessed the reporting quality of exercise-based interventions included in the latest meta-analysis on that topic in order to evaluate the transferability of findings into clinical practice. Reporting quality of 24 randomised controlled trials from a meta-analysis assessing blood pressure lowering effects of endurance training in 1,195 hypertensive patients was evaluated using TIDieR (Template for Intervention Description and Replication) and CERT (Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template) guidelines. Associations between reporting quality, publication year and impact factor of the publishing journals were examined. None of the studies described all intervention components completely. On average 61% (95%CI: 52-69) (TIDieR) and 57% (95%CI: 49-64) (CERT) of core items required for replication were reported. Frequent shortcomings were the reporting of adherence, intervention provider, and adverse events. Details about exercise dosage were missing in 22% (95%CI: 4-40). Publication year was related to the adherence to TIDieR (r=0.549, P=0.007) but not to CERT. No associations with journal impact factor were found. Reporting of exercise-based interventions for hypertension is not sufficient to allow for replication and limits translation of evidence into clinical practice. Researchers should apply, and review authors, journal editors and reviewers should check adherence to reporting guidelines.
Treatment of Unilateral PA by Adrenalectomy: Potential Reasons for Incomplete Biochemical Cure
Authors: Yang Yuhong , Reincke Martin , Williams Tracy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe importance of an early diagnosis and appropriate management of patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) has become increasingly clear because of the adverse impact of the disorder on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and target organ damage. Adrenalectomy potentially cures patients with unilateral PA resulting in normalisation of blood pressure or significant clinical improvements in the majority of patients. Different criteria have been used to evaluate outcomes of unilateral adrenalectomy. Clinical remission (cure of hypertension) is observed in 6% to 86% of patients and clinical benefits from surgery are seen in the majority. Several factors have been identified that predict clinical success after surgery such as age, sex, anti-hypertensive medication dosage and known duration of hypertension. Biochemical remission of PA after unilateral adrenalectomy, characterised by the resolution of hyperaldosteronism and correction of pre-surgical hypokalaemia, is observed in 67% to 100% of patients with unilateral PA. In only a small proportion of patients, adrenalectomy fails to resolve hyperaldosteronism and inappropriate aldosterone production persists after surgery. In this review we discuss the potential reasons for failing to cure hyperaldosteronism after unilateral adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism.
“The Adrenal Gland: Central Relay in Health and Disease - Current Challenges and Perspectives 2018” – Cushing’s Disease
Authors: Stalla Günter , Ciato Denis , Dimopoulou Christina 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approach, Cushing’s disease (CD) presents a challenging situation for the treating physician.
Aims To elucidate current challenges, present strengths and pitfalls of existing diagnostic tests, enlighten the need for new diagnostic approaches, appraise the effects of surgery and available pharmacological agents and identify future perspectives regarding CD.
Materials and methods Systematic search to PubMed and Medline databases for publications mainly over the last five years.
Results Mutations in the ubiquitin specific peptidase 8 gene have been recently identified in functional sporadic corticotroph adenomas causing CD. Since the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is rapidly increasing, new diagnostic tests are necessary to differentiate these conditions. Next to the traditional tests, a cutoff of preoperative ACTH/cortisol ratio, an ultrasensitive late night salivary cortisol assay and the desmopressin test have been suggested as valid tools for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CD. Transsphenoidal surgery with variable remission and recurrence rates presents the treatment of choice for CD. Medical therapy consists of adrenal-targeted drugs e. g. ketoconazole, metyrapone, etomidate and mitotane and pituitary-targeted drugs e. g. pasireotide, cabergoline and retinoic acid.
Conclusions CD is associated to a significant clinical burden, since numerous comorbidities persist after long-term biochemical control. These chronically ill patients show an increased mortality despite disease remission. Clinicians should treat comorbidities aggressively and seek for appropriate consultations. Structured consultation hours and expert excellence networks are needed in order to allow optimal, individualized care for affected patients, reverse increased morbidity and mortality and identify tumor recurrence early.