bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyanidin-3-glucoside as a possible biomarker of anthocyanin-rich berry intake in body fluids of healthy humans: a systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Sandoval-Ramírez Berner Andrée , Catalán Úrsula , Fernández-Castillejo Sara , Pedret Anna , Llauradó Elisabet , Solà Rosa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds found in berries. They exhibit promising health benefits in humans, but no accurate biomarkers of berry intake have been identified thus far.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review is to propose a biomarker of anthocyanin-rich berry intake in human plasma and urine.

Data Sources
PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from January 2008 to January 2019.

Study Selection
Databases were searched for human intervention studies that assessed the presence of anthocyanins in human body fluids using high-throughput techniques. Non-English articles and studies publishing targeted analyses were excluded.

Data Extraction
Ten clinical trials, in which 203 phenolic compounds were identified, were included and assessed qualitatively. The following criteria were used to identify biomarkers of berry intake: frequency, plausibility, dose-response, time response, robustness, reliability, stability, analytical performance, and reproducibility. Sensitivity and specificity of potential biomarkers were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
Of the 203 phenolic compounds identified in human samples, the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside was the molecule found most frequently in urine (58.06%) and plasma (69.49%). Cyanidin-3-glucoside fulfills the essential criterion of plausibility as well as the dose-response, time response, stability, and analytical performance criteria. Its positive predictive value is 74% (P = 0.210) in plasma, which is acceptable, and 61.7% (P = 0.402) in urine.

Conclusions
Current evidence suggests that cyanidin-3-glucoside is a potential biomarker of anthocyanin-rich berry intake in plasma and urine of healthy humans.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42018096796.
Labour market transitions after layoffs: the role of occupational skills
Authors: Rinawi Miriam , Backes-Gellner Uschi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We study the role of occupational skills for labour market transitions after layoffs. Drawing on Lazear’s skill-weights approach, we develop empirical measures for occupational specificity and the skill distance between occupations to investigate how skills map into job mobility and wages. Our analysis reveals several important insights. First, higher occupational specificity is associated with lower job mobility and a longer period of unemployment. However, it is also associated with higher wages. Workers receive a wage premium of about 9% for re-employment in a one standard deviation more specific occupation. These results suggest a risk–return trade-off to educational investments into more specific skills. Second, the skill distance is negatively associated with wages. Workers moving between occupations with similar skill requirements suffer smaller wage losses than those with more distant moves. Thus, skills appear to be transferable across occupations and to play a pivotal role in the determination of wages.
Identifying price-leadership structures in oligopoly
Authors: Kim Sang-Hyun , Lan Hao , Dobson Paul W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Oligopoly can give rise to complex patterns of price interaction and adjustment. While oligopolistic firms may divide into price leaders and price followers, it is conceivable that some may take on dual roles, being a leader to one group but a follower to a different group in a hierarchical structure. The contribution of this article is to show how such dual relationships are possible in theory along with providing an empirical method to help identify price-leadership structures in n-firm oligopoly. As an illustration, we apply the method to British supermarkets and find a three-tier leader–follower structure.
Networks and economic policy
Authors: Elliott Matthew L , Goyal Sanjeev , Teytelboym Alexander 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Over the past two decades, economists have made significant advances in understanding how networks affect individual behaviour and shape aggregate outcomes. We argue that insights from network economics can play an important role in the design of economic policy. Focusing on six policy domains, we show that network economics not only deepens our understanding of existing policy concerns but also suggests a number of new policy questions. In each of these policy areas, we evaluate the availability of data and assess the suitability of the network economics toolkit for policy work. We conclude with a discussion of challenges to the adoption of network-based methods in economic policy along with strategies to overcome them.
Successful Thermal Neurotomy of the Painful Sacroiliac Ligament/Joint Complex—A Comparison of Two Techniques
Authors: Speldewinde Geoffrey C 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are many physical, pharmacological, and interventional therapies aimed at alleviating sacroiliac ligament/joint complex pain, including thermal neurotomy. Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) innervation, as opposed to posterior sacroiliac ligament complex innervation, remains uncertain; thus lateral branch thermal neurotomy to alleviate sacroiliac joint pain remains controversial.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the success rates of two lateral branch neurotomy techniques, large continuous-lesion multi-electrode radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN; Simplicity, Neurotherm Inc.) and small-lesion monopolar periforaminal, to relieve pain from sacroiliac joints, as well as whether these would alter physical and psychological health.DesignRetrospective clinical audit of prospectively gathered consecutive data.SettingA private community-based multidisciplinary pain clinic.SubjectsReferred from primary care environments.MethodsOf 96 consecutive thermal neurotomies with baseline data completed, follow-up data were found in 73 patients during the period 2011–2017. After diagnosis by dual-positive fluoroscopic intra-articular injections, 41 patients underwent 47 monopolar periforaminal neurotomies, and 32 underwent 49 large continuous-lesion multi-electrode RFNs, with &gt;12-month follow-up. The primary outcome was 50–100% relief of pain for more than six months. Results are presented as success rates. Secondary outcomes were Functional Rating Index Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale and Patient Specific Functional Scale.ResultsFollow-up data were available for 80 (83%) of the 96 procedures. Success occurred in 69% of all procedures (39% complete &gt;75% relief and 30% good 50–75% relief). Success was 57% with worst-case analysis. Success rates were 71% in the large continuous-lesion multi-electrode RFN group and 65% in the periforaminal group, with overlapping confidence intervals. Significant improvements also occurred in the secondary measures.ConclusionsThermal neurotomy demonstrated a 69% success rate in reduction of sacroiliac ligament/joint complex pain for more than six months equally by large continuous-lesion multi-electrode RFN and periforaminal monopolar techniques, with attendant improvement in physical and psychological function.
Physical Activity Across the Cancer Journey: Experiences and Recommendations From People Living With and Beyond Cancer
Authors: Cantwell Mairéad , Walsh Deirdre , Furlong Bróna , Loughney Lisa , McCaffrey Noel , Moyna Niall , Woods Catherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The majority of individuals living with and beyond cancer are not sufficiently active to achieve health benefits.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore individuals’ experiences of physical activity (PA) behavior across the cancer journey and to ask individuals living with and beyond cancer to identify strategies to support habitual PA.

Design
An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative design was used.

Methods
Purposive sampling methods were used to recruit individuals living with and beyond cancer who had been referred to, and/or participated in, a community-based exercise program or were attending a cancer support center. The focus group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results
Seven focus groups were conducted with 41 participants. Many individuals reported that regular PA provided a vehicle for recovery that created a sense of “self-power,” defined as taking ownership and control of one’s health to increase well-being. Barriers to PA participation included environmental-, patient-, and treatment-related challenges. Recommendations to support long-term adherence to PA included completion of fitness assessments at regular intervals and provision of a home exercise program.

Limitations
The benefits and barriers to PA participation for individuals diagnosed with cancers that were not represented may not have been identified. The strategies recommended to support habitual PA may be salient only to individuals whose cancer diagnoses were represented.

Conclusions
Exercise is seen as a vehicle for recovery from cancer but long-term adherence for individuals is complex. The findings from this study can inform the development of exercise oncology rehabilitation programs and could support a greater likelihood of program success, thereby optimizing the health, well-being, and quality of life of survivors of cancer.
Electromyographic and Safety Comparisons of Common Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exercises for People With Hemophilia
Authors: Calatayud Joaquín , Pérez-Alenda Sofía , Carrasco Juan J , Escriche-Escuder Adrián , Cruz-Montecinos Carlos , Andersen Lars L , Bonanad Santiago , Querol Felipe , Casaña José 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Ankles and knees are commonly affected in people with hemophilia and thus are targets for prevention or rehabilitation. However, to our knowledge, no studies have evaluated muscle activity and safety during exercises targeting the lower limbs in people with hemophilia; this lack of information hinders clinical decision-making.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the tolerability of, safety of, and muscle activity levels obtained with external resistance (elastic or machine)-based and non–external resistance-based lower limb exercises in people with hemophilia.

Design
This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods
Eleven people who had severe hemophilia and were undergoing prophylactic treatment participated. In a single experimental session, participants performed knee extension and ankle plantar flexion during 3 exercise conditions in random order: elastic band-based resistance (elastic resistance), machine-based resistance (machine resistance), and no external resistance. Exercise intensities for the 2 external resistance-based conditions were matched for perceived exertion. Muscle activity was determined using surface electromyography (EMG) for the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius lateralis, and tibialis anterior muscles. Participants were asked to rate exercise tolerability according to a scale ranging from “very well tolerated” to “not tolerated” and to report possible adverse effects 24 and 48 hours after the session.

Results
No adverse effects were reported, and exercise tolerability was generally high. In the knee extension exercise, the rectus femoris normalized EMG values during the elastic resistance and machine resistance conditions were similar; 29% to 30% higher activity was obtained during these conditions than during the non–external resistance condition. In the ankle plantar flexion exercise, the gastrocnemius lateralis normalized EMG value was 34% higher during the machine resistance condition than without external resistance, and the normalized EMG values during the elastic resistance and other conditions were similar.

Limitations
The small sample size and single training session were the primary limitations of this study.

Conclusions
Exercises performed both with elastic bands and with machines at moderate intensity are safe, feasible, and efficient in people with severe hemophilia, providing comparable activity levels in the agonist muscles.
P14 The Irish National Centre for Paediatric Rheumatology experience of moving from IV to SC tocilizumab (TCZ)
Authors: MacMahon Jayne M , Lang Ciara , Peate Karen , MacDermott Emma J , Killeen Orla G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin 6 receptor. It is approved for use in children over the age of 2 years with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) who have not responded to treatment with non-steroidal agents, corticosteroids and methotrexate mono-therapy. Previous studies from our centre have shown a positive response to IV TCZ with high rates of remission. TCZ has recently been licensed for administration via the SC route. The aim of this study is to determine how many patients receiving IV TCZ were successfully changed to SC TCZ in the first 6 months after SC TCZ paediatric licensing was obtained and to document any adverse events.

Methods
Retrospective review of patients with SoJIA or pJIA who were on IV TCZ and changed to S/C TCZ over a 6 month period from October 2018 to April 2019. Patients were identified from an in-house aseptic pharmacy database Clinichemo®. All patients on IV TCZ were identified and cross checked against the Hibernian patient referral system for home SC TCZ administration. Criteria for changing included fulfilling Wallace Criteria for clinical remission and appropriate JIA subtype. Results were analysed using Microsoft Excel.

Results
28 patients receiving IV TCZ in October 2018 were identified. 8 were excluded due to either a diagnosis other than SoJIA/pJIA or changing to an alternative biologic. Of the 20 eligible patients, 10 had successfully changed by April 2019. Of those who did not change, 1 is due to change in May 2019, 2 did not wish to change, indicating personal preference as their reason. A total of 7 were deemed unsuitable for medication change due to ongoing active disease. Of the 10 patients who successfully changed, 2 had SoJIA and 8 had pJIA. All were commenced on a dose of 162mg with frequency varying from 1 to 4 weekly as per Summary of Product Characteristics. There was no significant change in ESR, CRP, LFT or WCC demonstrated pre or post change in administration route. No adverse events were reported. 1 patient subsequently changed back to IV administration due to patient preference.

Conclusion
Our experience to date has been positive, with 50% of patients changed to SC administration within 6 months of approval. A number of other patients have been identified for a change to SC TCZ within the next 6 months. While 1 patient subsequently elected to change back to IV TCZ, to date, no patient has come off SC TCZ due to an increase in disease activity. We hope to follow this study with a patient questionnaire to determine the patient perspective of changing to SC administration of TCZ.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
P16 Is there an association between paediatric rheumatological disease and autism?
Authors: Haslam Kirsty 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in children in UK is ∼1 in 100. There is emerging evidence that dysregulation of the immune system may be an underlying cause of ASD. The CARRA registry from the USA reported a frequency of 0.3% co-morbidity of autism in children with JIA. There is a paucity of data from the UK reporting this association.

Methods
The department’s database of all patients that attended the local paediatric rheumatology clinic was reviewed over a 12-month period from April 2018 to April 2019. Diagnoses were grouped broadly into inflammatory (JIA, systemic disease, non-JIA uveitis) and non-inflammatory (mechanical, bone and collagen disorder and other). Those with a co-morbidity of autism were also identified within inflammatory and non-inflammatory groups.

Results
There were 196 individual patients within the cohort of paediatric rheumatology patients seen in Bradford in April 2018 to April 2019. These were subcategorised into JIA (N = 79,40%), mechanical (N = 56, 29%), systemic rheumatological disease (N = 31, 16%), bone and collagen disorders (N = 12, 6%), other non-inflammatory diagnoses (N = 11, 6%), non-JIA associated uveitis (N = 7, 3%). This cohort was divided into 117 patients with inflammatory paediatric rheumatological conditions and 79 patients with non-inflammatory causes for joint pain. Nine children (see Table 1) had a co-morbidity of autism, of which 6 children had an inflammatory diagnosis and 3 a non-inflammatory cause for joint pain. The prevalence of autism in our cohort of children with paediatric rheumatological disease was 5%, which is higher than expected from a UK prevalence of autism of 1%.
P16 Table 1: Patients with Autism in Paediatric Rheumatology cohort. Diagnosis Age Age at presentation to paediatric rheumatology Gender Inflammatory/ Non-inflammatory Oligo JIA 5y 4y Male Inflammatory Oligo JIA 11y 10y Female Inflammatory Oligo JIA 13y 7y Female Inflammatory Ext- oligo JIA 18y 8y Male Inflammatory Ext- oligo JIA 14y 7y Male Inflammatory CTD 15y 2y Female Inflammatory Hypermobility 16y 16y Male Non-inflammatory Mechanical 14y 14y Female Non-inflammatory Mechanical 11y 11y Female Non-inflammatory

Conclusion
In this cohort of paediatric rheumatology patients there was a higher prevalence of autism than the UK average. Two of these patients were diagnosed with autism after presenting to our service. This association is compatible with the emerging recognition of dysregulation of the immune system as a potential underlying cause of ASD. It is important to consider the co-morbidity of autism in children presenting to paediatric rheumatology clinic and potentially paediatric rheumatological conditions in children already diagnosed with autism, where there may be a delay in their presentation due to communication difficulties. There is the need for a larger UK study to review this association further.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
P19 Mycophenolate mofetil in paediatric uveitis: an early experience
Authors: Tadrous Amany , Warrier Kishore , Pradeep Archana , Camina Nikki , Rangaraj Satyapal 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the commonest cause of uveitis in children. Uveitis is a significant cause of visual impairment in children with potential complications such as band keratopathy, cataract, posterior synechiae, glaucoma, cystoid macular oedema and a retinal problems. Following the initial treatment with topical and systemic corticosteroids, a wide variety of immunosuppressant agents have been used in the treatment of non-infective uveitis including methotrexate (MTX) and biologic therapy, most of which are administered parenterally.
Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) is an oral immunosuppressant that inhibits the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, which has been tried in children with uveitis with mixed results. We started using MMF in children seen in our paediatric uveitis clinic initially as a third line agent when the inflammation is not well controlled despite therapeutic doses of MTX and Adalimumab, as the NHS England Clinical Commissioning Policy does not recommend the use of Infliximab in uveitis not associated with JIA. Buoyed by some favourable result, we have since then used MMF as second line and even first line agent in children with uveitis.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of the clinical profile of children with uveitis on MMF at a tertiary paediatric rheumatology centre with focus on response to treatment.

Results
Of the 8 patients who received MMF, six (75%) were girls. Half of them (4/8) had idiopathic uveitis and the rest, associated with JIA. 2/8 patients had MMF as third line agent on top of MTX and Adalimumab, while five of them had it as second line agent on top of Adalimumab due to either MTX intolerance or needle phobia. One patient was started on MMF as first line agent following topical steroids. 6 (75%) of the patients responded/stayed in remission following the addition of/switch to MMF.

Conclusion
MMF has shown initial promise in the treatment of uveitis in children with uveitis in this small cohort, in line with some existing evidence. It was initially used in patients who were not keen on injections/intolerant to MTX or had failed all existing options. This is a small cohort of patients and we would welcome more research in this area.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
The neural basis of shared preference learning
Authors: Farmer Harry , Hertz Uri , Hamilton Antonia F de C 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring our daily lives, we often learn about the similarity of the traits and preferences of others to our own and use that information during our social interactions. However, it is unclear how the brain represents similarity between the self and others. One possible mechanism is to track similarity to oneself regardless of the identity of the other (Similarity account); an alternative is to track each other person in terms of consistency of their choice similarity with respect to the choices they have made before (consistency account). Our study combined functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and computational modelling of reinforcement learning (RL) to investigate the neural processes that underlie learning about preference similarity. Participants chose which of two pieces of artwork they preferred and saw the choices of one agent who usually shared their preference and another agent who usually did not. We modelled neural activation with RL models based on the similarity and consistency accounts. Our results showed that activity in brain areas linked to reward and social cognition followed the consistency account. Our findings suggest that impressions of other people can be calculated in a person-specific manner, which assumes that each individual behaves consistently with their past choices.
How redistributive institutions affect pay inequality and heterogeneity among top managers
Authors: Angeles Renira C , Kemmerling Achim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In recent years, many scholars have investigated the incredible rise of executive pay and the role of institutions as moderators of this trend. We argue that a crucial problem for attempts to moderate these increases remains the heterogeneity among top managers. Redistributive institutions can better target pay inequality among management than institutions that treat all managers or companies the same. To show this, we use a novel data set of executive pay across 17 OECD countries. We compare the effect of different institutional factors: corporate and personal income taxation, union bargaining power, and regulation (shareholder protection). We find that redistributive institutions such as personal income tax and union bargaining power seem to be more effective in addressing this heterogeneity in pay and in moderating remuneration in firms with very large market value than smaller firms.