bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA ANGGOTA POLRI DAN ASN DI DITRESKRIMUM POLDA SUMSEL
Authors: Effendi Elliya , Marnisah Luis 
Published: August 2019

This study aims to determine: (1) Effect of leadership style on the performance of National Police and ASN Members Ditreskrimum of North Sumatra Regional Police. (2) The Effect of Work Discipline on the Performance of Members of the Police and ASN Ditreskrimum of the South Sumatra Regional Police. (3) Effect of leadership style and work discipline on the performance of National Police and ASN Members Ditreskrimum of North Sumatra Regional Police. This study is categorized as a quantitative associative causal study with an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The population in this study were 132 members of the National Police and South Sumatra Regional Police ASN. Sampling technique using Sampling Proposal. The sample in this study was to take a population or as many as 132 samples. Data collection using questionnaires and interviews. Test the validity of the instrument using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, while the reliability test uses Cronbach Alpha. The measuring instrument proved to be valid and reliable for research instruments. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the hypothesis of this study. The results of the study found that: (1) Leadership Style had a positive and significant effect on the performance of Polri and ASN Members Ditreskrimum of North Sumatra Regional Police using the t test that t counted 6.499> with t table 1.993 with a significance of 0.00 <0.05, Contributing leadership style to the performance of National Police and ASN Members Ditreskrimum of North Sumatra Regional Police is 50%. (2) Work discipline has a significant positive effect on the performance of National Police and ASN Members Ditreskrimum South Sumatra Police using t test that t count 4.021> with t table 1.993 with a significance of 0.025 <0.05, Contribution of work discipline to the performance of National Police and ASN Members Ditreskrimum Polda Sumsel by 25%. (3) Leadership style and work discipline have a positive and significant effect on the performance of National Police and ASN Members Ditreskrimum South Sumatra Police using the F test that F count 9.980> with F table 1993 with significance 0.04 <0.05, Contributions of leadership style and work discipline to explain performance Members of the Indonesian National Police and ASN Ditreskrimum Sumsel Polda amounted to 40%.Â Keywords: Leadership Style, Work Discipline, Employee Performance
Effectiveness of Pruning Levels on the Results of Several Chili Plant Varieties (Capsicum annuum L)
Authors: Sridanti Irma Lisa , Susanti Fitri 
Published: August 2019

The success of agricultural development has provided very high support for meeting the food needs of the people of Indonesia, but it is realized that behind these successes there are weaknesses that need to be corrected. Varieties consist of a number of different genotypes, where each genotype has the ability to adapt to the environment. Each variety has a genetic that can affect growth and yield, and the ability to adapt to different varieties. Pruning is an attempt to eliminate some parts of the plant, this is usually related to the cutting of parts of the plant that are diseased, unproductive, or unwanted. The purpose of crop trimming by controlling or directing plant growth is produced. This study aims to look at the effectiveness of peroide trimming on the yield of several chili plant varieties (Capsicum annuum L).
This research was conducted in Sumber Bening village, Selupu Rejang Sub-district from July to October 2016. The chili varieties used in this study were F1, Belinda F1 and Samido F1. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. Data were analyzed using Variety Analysis (Anava). From the results of the analysis that the Jitu variety has better results than Belinda and Samido varieties. It is assumed that the 30% pruning rate is the ideal level of pruning against growth in plant height, number of fruits and weight of fruit. The treatment of varieties against pruning has no significant effect on all variables
The Fermi Paradox and the Aurora Effect: Exo-civilization Settlement, Expansion, and Steady States
Authors: Carroll-Nellenback Jonathan , Frank Adam , Wright Jason , Scharf Caleb 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We model the settlement of the Galaxy by space-faring civilizations in order to address issues related to the Fermi Paradox. We are motivated to explore the problem in a way that avoids assumptions about the agency (i.e., questions of intent and motivation) of any exo-civilization seeking to settle other planetary systems. We begin by considering the speed of an advancing settlement front to determine if the Galaxy can become inhabited with space-faring civilizations on timescales shorter than its age. Our models for the front speed include the directed settlement of nearby settleable systems through the launching of probes with a finite velocity and range. We also include the effect of stellar motions on the long-term behavior of the settlement front which adds a diffusive component to its advance. As part of our model we also consider that only a fraction, f, of planets will have conditions amenable to settlement by the space-faring civilization. The results of these models demonstrate that the Milky Way can be readily filled-in with settled stellar systems under conservative assumptions about interstellar spacecraft velocities and launch rates. We then move on to consider the question of the Galactic steady state achieved in terms of the fraction X of settled planets. We do this by considering the effect of finite settlement civilization lifetimes on the steady states. We find a range of parameters for which 0 < X < 1, i.e., the Galaxy supports a population of interstellar space-faring civilizations even though some settleable systems are uninhabited. In addition we find that statistical fluctuations can produce local overabundances of settleable worlds. These generate long-lived clusters of settled systems immersed in large regions that remain unsettled. Both results point to ways in which Earth might remain unvisited in the midst of an inhabited galaxy. Finally we consider how our results can be combined with the finite horizon for evidence of previous settlements in Earth’s geologic record. Using our steady-state model we constrain the probabilities for an Earth visit by a settling civilization before a given time horizon. These results break the link between Hart’s famous “Fact A” (no interstellar visitors on Earth now) and the conclusion that humans must, therefore, be the only technological civilization in the Galaxy. Explicitly, our solutions admit situations where our current circumstances are consistent with an otherwise settled, steady-state galaxy.
Interstellar Plunging Waves: ALMA Resolves the Physical Structure of Nonstationary MHD Shocks
Authors: Cosentino Giuliana , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Caselli Paola , Henshaw Jonathan D. , Barnes Ashley T. , Tan Jonathan C. , Viti Serena , Fontani Francesco , Wu Benjamin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shocks are violent events that inject large amounts of energy in the interstellar medium dramatically modifying its physical properties and chemical composition. Indirect evidence for the presence of such shocks has been reported from the especial chemistry detected toward a variety of astrophysical shocked environments. However, the internal physical structure of these shocks remains unresolved since their expected spatial scales are too small to be measured with current instrumentation. Here we report the first detection of a fully spatially resolved, MHD shock toward the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G034.77-00.55. The shock, probed by silicon monoxide (SiO) and observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), is associated with the collision between the dense molecular gas of the cloud and a molecular gas flow pushed toward the IRDC by the nearby supernova remnant (SNR) W44. The interaction is occurring on subparsec spatial scales thanks to the enhanced magnetic field of the SNR, making the dissipation region of the MHD shock large enough to be resolved with ALMA. Our observations suggest that molecular flow–flow collisions can be triggered by stellar feedback, inducing shocked molecular gas densities compatible with those required for massive star formation.
Viewing Angle Constraints on S190425z and S190426c and the Joint Gravitational-wave/Gamma-Ray Detection Fractions for Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Song Hao-Ran , Ai Shun-Ke , Wang Min-Hao , Xing Nan , Gao He , Zhang Bing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo scientific collaboration (LVC) detected two binary neutron star (BNS) merger candidates, S190425z and S190426c. The Fermi-Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) observed 55.6% (for S190425z) and 100% (for S190426c) of the probability regions of both events at the respective merger times, but no gamma-ray burst (GRB) was detected in either case. The derived luminosity upper limits suggest that a short GRB similar to GRB 170817A would not be detectable for both cases due to their distances, which are larger than that of GW170817. Assuming that the jet profile obtained from GW170817/GRB 170817A is quasi-universal for all BNS–GRB associations, we derive that the viewing angles of S190425z and S190426c should be >(0.11–0.41) and >(0.09–0.39), respectively. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we show that with the GRB 170817A-like jet structure, all sky gamma-ray detectors, such as GBM and the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor, are expected to detect ∼4.6%, 3.9%, 1.7%, and 6.6%, 5.7%, 2.8% of BNS mergers triggered by advanced LIGO, A+, and the Einstein Telescope, respectively. The joint detection fraction would be largely reduced for Swift-BAT, SVOM-ECLAIRS, and the Einstein Probe, whose sensitivities are better but whose FOVs are smaller.
No Meaningful Drug Interactions with Doravirine, Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Coadministration
Authors: Anderson Matt S , Gilmartin Jocelyn , Fan Li , Yee Ka Lai , Kraft Walter K , Triantafyllou Ilias , Reitmann Christina , Guo Ying , Liu Rachael , Iwamoto Marian 
Published: August 2019

Background Doravirine (DOR) is a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor available as a single tablet and a three-drug combination with lamivudine (3TC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to treat HIV-1 infection. These analyses assessed pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions with coadministration. Methods Two trials were conducted. Study 1: two-period, fixed-sequence; eight healthy participants; Period 1, DOR 100 mg followed by ≥7-day washout; Period 2, TDF 300 mg once daily for 18 days, coadministration of DOR 100 mg on day 14. Study 2: three-period, crossover, 15 healthy participants; Treatment A, DOR 100 mg; Treatment B, 3TC 300 mg + TDF 300 mg; Treatment C, DOR 100 mg + 3TC 300 mg + TDF 300 mg; ≥7-day washout between periods. Results Study 1: geometric mean ratios (GMRs; 90% confidence interval [CI]) of DOR area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–∞) and observed plasma concentrations at 24 h post-dose (C24 h; DOR+TDF/DOR) were 0.95 (0.80, 1.12) and 0.94 (0.78, 1.12), respectively. Study 2: GMRs (90% CI) of DOR AUC0–∞ and C24 h (DOR+3TC+TDF/DOR) were 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) and 0.94 (0.83, 1.06), respectively. GMRs (90% CI) of 3TC and tenofovir AUC0–∞ (DOR+3TC+TDF/3TC+TDF) were 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) and 1.11 (0.97, 1.28), respectively. Study drugs were generally well tolerated. Conclusions Multiple doses of TDF did not have a clinically meaningful effect on DOR PK. The PK of DOR were similar when administered alone or in combination with 3TC and TDF. DOR had no meaningful effect on the PK of 3TC and tenofovir.
People with high HIV viral load within risk networks: who are these people and who refers them best?
Authors: Korobchuk Anna , Davtyan Hayk , Denisiuk Olga , Zachariah Rony , Nikolopoulos Georgios K , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Skaathun Britt , Schneider John , Vasylyeva Tetyana I , Williams Leslie D , Smyrnov Pavlo , Friedman Samuel R 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Viral load is one of the most important determinants for HIV transmission. Identification of people with high viral load (PHVL) can be effective in limiting onward HIV transmission. In order to improve the identification of these individuals within risk networks, we determined a) the number of PHVL recruited through risk networks b) their socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical characteristics and c) the characteristics of individuals who referred these PHVL to the study.
Methodology: From November 2013 to March 2016, in Odessa, Ukraine, Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP) was implemented to identify people recently infected with HIV within the risk networks of “seeds” and “venues” where they engaged in risk behaviour.
Results: TRIP identified 53 PHVL, of whom 32 (60%) injected drugs; 42 (79%) were unaware of their HIV status; 25 (47%) had more than one sex partner, and only 14 (26%) were using condoms. There were 164 people who referred individuals into the study; 33 of them (20%) referred PHVL. In terms of referrers, those with lower than secondary level of education, not living with a sex partner, and reporting regular condom use were significantly more likely (p < 0.05) to refer PHVL. Most PHVL (38, 72%) and their referrers (27, 82%) were found through venues.
Conclusions: In Odessa city, PHVL are at high risk of transmitting HIV as the majority inject drugs, do not know their HIV status, and have unprotected sex and/or multiple partners. Targeting these individuals for HIV prevention, harm reduction and initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is urgent.
Strategies for active detection of tuberculosis in Ukraine: Comparative effectiveness amongst key populations (2014-2018)
Authors: Kamenska Natalia , Nabirova Dilyara , Davtyan Karapet , Davtyan Hayk , Zachariah Rony , Aslanyan Garry 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Ukraine has gaps in Tuberculosis (TB) service coverage, especially in key populations (KPs). We compared effectiveness of three different strategies for active TB detection among KPs and their linkage to TB treatment during three time periods.
Methodology: The KPs included people who inject drugs (PWID), sex workers (SW), men who have sex with men (MSM) and groups at-risk of TB (ex-prisoners, Roma and homeless). The active case finding included decentralized symptom screening and specimen collection (2014, strategy-1), decentralized screening with patient referred for specimen collection (2015-2017, strategy-2) and strategy-2 plus GeneXpert (2018, strategy-3).
Results: In total 680,760 KPs were screened, of whom 68% were PWID. TB case detection per 100,000 populations was 1,191 in strategy-1, 302 in strategy-2, and 235 in strategy-3. The number needed to screen (NNS) to identify one case was respectively 84, 332, and 425. TB detection was highest among homeless (range: 1,839-2,297 per 100,000 population). The lowest detection was among the MSM and SW. Between 2014 and 2018, 82-94% of all diagnosed TB patients in KPs started TB treatment.
Conclusions: The active case finding in KPs increased detection of TB cases in Ukraine, and the majority of diagnosed KPs initiated TB treatment. Centralization of diagnosis reduced the effectiveness of TB screening. Each region in Ukraine should assess the composition and the needs of KPs which will allow for adoption of specific strategies to detect TB among KPs with high TB prevalence.
La Voie Courte, un programme d’intégration des nouveaux arrivés en Suède
Authors: Hultqvist Elisabeth , Lidegran Ida 
Published: August 2019

En Suède, plus de 160 000 réfugiés, dont 70 000 enfants, ont franchi les frontières entre septembre 2015 et juillet 2016. Cet afflux exigea des initiatives du secteur public et des engagements bénévoles et volontaires. Il s’agit ici de comprendre les résultats pour des immigrants diplômés –a priori plus faciles à intégrer– du programme La Voie Courte . Initié par l’Agence Nationale de l’Emploi, il a accueilli, de 2015 à 2016, 3105 étudiants. Destiné à améliorer l’intégration sur le marché du travail de diplômés du supérieur, il visait à raccourcir leur chemin vers le travail. Confié à une entreprise de statut privé en collaboration avec l’Université d’Uppsala, il mêlait deux systèmes, études supérieures et marché de l’emploi, sans bénéficier ni de la légitimité ni de la reconnaissance d’aucun d’entre eux. Le risque apparaît grand de contribuer à construire pour ces gens une identité d’immigrant, ni étudiant ni demandeur d’emploi. Les bénéficiaires de La Voie Courte s’insèrent-ils plus facilement et plus rapidement sur le marché du travail ? Seul un suivi longitudinal de plusieurs années pourrait répondre, mais les résultats de l’étude indiquent que, pour ces migrants très qualifiés, manquant du capital linguistique et social nécessaire pour réussir en Suède, il serait préférable d’entreprendre un processus de renforcement de leurs compétences sociales.
« Le monde est comme une salade de fruits. Il serait bête de ne manger que les oranges »
Authors: Damour Franck 
Published: August 2019

Quel est l’univers moral de la jeunesse actuelle ? Quelles sont les figures qui font autorité à ses yeux ? Quelle forme prend leur raisonnement éthique ? Quelles valeurs leur paraissent dignes d’intérêt ? Autant de questions que ne peut manquer de se poser tout éducateur, portées par l’idée que nous aurions affaire à une nouvelle génération, née de la mutation numérique, une génération de mutants. Il s’agit ici d’apporter quelques éléments de réponse, en circonscrivant les limites de la nouveauté de cette jeunesse, à partir d’observations de terrain mises en perspective par des approches sociologiques. Il en ressort que le respect est la vertu cardinale pour la jeunesse car il garantit la possibilité de créer un monde moral à une époque où la possibilité d’un bien commun semble impossible.
Re-interventions and re-admissions in a 13-year series following use of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy
Authors: Slater Michelle , Midya Sumit , Booth Michael 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSTC) without cystic duct ligation is an alternative to conversion to open surgery in a difficult cholecystectomy, thus avoiding a potentially hazardous dissection in Calot's triangle. The long-term outcomes of this procedure are not well reported. The aim of this study is to assess the rates of re-presentation, re-admissions, endoscopic interventions and completion cholecystectomy in patients who have undergone LSTC.

Methods:
Details of all patients undergoing cholecystectomy over a 13-year period (2003–2015) were entered on a prospective database. Further information on subsequent hospital attendances, biliary imaging, endoscopic interventions and re-operations following the index LSTC was collected retrospectively from hospital database.

Results:
Overall, 2313 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Eighty-five patients (3.7%) underwent LSTC and the rest had standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A controlled bile leak was observed in 16 (19%) patients post-operatively, of which 3 resolved spontaneously. The remaining 13 were managed with an early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and biliary stent. Twenty-seven patients (32%), who underwent LSTC, were re-investigated for the upper abdominal symptoms. The time range for re-investigation was 21 days–124 months. Eight patients underwent ERCP post-discharge, for suspected bile duct stones on radiological imaging. Two patients required open completion cholecystectomy for symptomatic stones in the gallbladder remnant.

Conclusion:
LSTC is a feasible and safe alternative to open surgery with acceptable long-term consequences and re-interventions.
Vieillissement d’une mousse à base de tensioactif dans un sol sableux-argileux modèle
Authors: Selmi Moez , Kacem Mariem , Jamai Mehrez , Dubujet Philippe 
Published: August 2019

Lubricants are used in the excavation procedure by earth pressure tunneling machines (EPBs). They help to fluidize the soil structure and thus prevent the clay from sticking to the cutting head. Excavated soil is classified as waste and stored in the disposal area. Reuse of this type of soil depends on their state after excavation and their evolution over time. To identify and understand the physical and mechanical evolution of excavated soil, a first step is to analyze physical evolution of foam on the soil. The foaming agents are characterized by aging which results in a physical modification of the foam. The aim of this study is to analyze the aging of CLB F5TM surfactant based liquid foam mixed with clayey sandy soil. The evolution of the volume of the foam over time shows a rapid degradation of the bubbles that constitute it. The physical degradation of the foam in the soil takes more time compared to the foam in the open cell thanks to the protection of bubbles by porous media. A column drainage test was performed to identify the evolution of the foam in the mixture through its effect on interstitial pressure. These tests show that the presence of the foam in the mixture promotes the drainage phenomenon compared to the case of unconditioned soil.
Des lubrifiants à base de tensioactif sont utilisés dans la procédure d’excavation par les tunneliers à pressions de terre (EPB). Ils permettent de fluidifier la structure du sol et d’éviter ainsi le collage de l’argile sur la tête de coupe. Les sols excavés sont généralement classés comme déchets et stockés en zones de dépôt. Une réutilisation de ce type de sol dépend de leur état après l’excavation et leurs évolutions au cours du temps. Les agents moussants se caractérisent par un vieillissement qui se traduit par une évolution de l’état physique de la mousse. Le but de cette étude est d’analyser le vieillissement d’un mousse liquide à base de tensio-actif CLB F5TM mélangée avec un sol sableux argileux. Des essais de suivi de l’évolution du volume de la mousse au cours du temps montrent une dégradation rapide des bulles qui le constituent. La dégradation physique de la mousse dans le sol prend plus de temps comparée à la mousse à l’air libre grâce à la protection des bulles dans le milieu poreux. Un essai de drainage sur colonne a été effectué afin d’identifier l’évolution de la mousse dans le mélange à travers son effet sur la pression interstitielle. Ces essais montrent que la présence de la mousse dans le sol favorise le phénomène de drainage comparé au drainage sur sol propre.
Local Authorities and the Burden of Safeguarding Human Rights
Authors: Vilela Noemia Rute Peres de Bessa , Caramelo Gomes José 
Published: August 2019

The role of Local Self-Government is essential for the promotion and protection of Human Rights. In the EU, regardless of all States being bind to the same sources of law in such matter, the intervention of the local authorities dependents on the functions to those attributed by the National Constitution. The engagement with of Human Rights of the local authorities may be looked as an obligation, based on legal reasoning that links the local authorities to the broader State to act. Although the primary responsibility for the promotion and protection of human rights rests with the State, the promotion of a human rights culture within local public services plays a vital role in promoting respect for and the realization of human rights in the society.