bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State transitions of GRS 1739−278 in the 2014 outburst
Authors: Wang Sili , Kawai Nobuyuki , Shidatsu Megumi , Tachibana Yutaro , Yoshii Taketoshi , Sudo Masayuki , Kubota Aya 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We report on the X-ray spectral analysis and time evolution of GRS 1739−278 during its 2014 outburst, based on MAXI/GSC and Swift/XRT observations. Over the course of the outburst, a transition from the low/hard state to the high/soft state and then back to the low/hard state was seen. During the high/soft state, the innermost disk temperature mildly decreased, while the innermost radius estimated with the multi-color disk model remained constant at ∼18 (D/8.5 kpc)(cos i/cos 30°)−1/2 km, where D is the source distance and i is the inclination of observation. This small innermost radius of the accretion disk suggests that the central object is more likely to be a Kerr black hole rather than a Schwardzschild black hole. Applying a relativistic disk emission model to the high/soft state spectra, a mass upper limit of 18.3 M⊙ was obtained based on the inclination limit i &lt; 60° for an assumed distance of 8.5 kpc. Using the empirical relation of the transition luminosity to the Eddington limit, the mass is constrained to 4.0–18.3 M⊙ for the same distance. The mass can be further constrained to be no larger than 9.5 M⊙ by adopting the constraints based on the fits to the NuSTAR spectra with relativistically blurred disk reflection models (Miller et al. 2015, ApJ, 799, L6).
Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates of Physical Therapy Utilization in Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Iversen Maura D , Schwartz Todd A , von Heideken Johan , Callahan Leigh F , Golightly Yvonne M , Goode Adam , Hill Carla , Huffman Kim , Pathak Ami , Cooke Jennifer , Allen Kelli D 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Physical therapy is essential for conservative management of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, physical therapy utilization data are limited for knee OA.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to identify correlates of physical therapy utilization among adults with symptomatic knee OA.

Design
The design consisted of secondary analysis using baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of 350 adults with physician-diagnosed symptomatic knee OA.

Methods
Patients completed baseline surveys regarding demographics, pain, function, medical history, and prior physical therapy utilization for symptomatic knee OA. Multivariable logistic regression identified correlates of physical therapy utilization, with models adjusted for body mass index and age. Interactions of race and sex with all other characteristics were evaluated.

Results
One hundred and eighty-one patients (52%) reported prior physical therapy utilization. Factors independently associated with increased odds of physical therapy utilization were female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.58–5.93), bachelor degree or higher degree (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.15–5.16), prior knee injury (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.08–3.19), and duration of knee OA symptoms (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.09–4.29 for &gt;5–10 years; OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.10–4.04 for &gt;10 years). Whites who had received a joint injection were &gt;3 times as likely to have utilized physical therapy (OR = 3.69, 95% CI = 1.94–7.01); this relationship did not exist for non-whites who had received joint injections.

Limitations
A sample enrolled in an exercise study may limit generalizability. Self–report of physical therapy may misclassify utilization. It cannot be determined whether lack of utilization resulted from lack of referral or from patients choosing not to attend physical therapy.

Conclusion
Physical therapy is underutilized to manage symptomatic knee OA. Women and those with a bachelor degree or higher degree, prior knee injury, and longer duration of knee OA symptoms were more likely to have used therapy previously. Differences by race in the link between joint injection and physical therapy utilization may reflect a reduced likelihood of referral and decreased use of health interventions for symptomatic knee OA among non-whites, or both.
Utility Scores and Preferences for Surgical and Organ-Sparing Approaches for Treatment of Intermediate and High-Risk Rectal Cancer
Authors: Couwenberg Alice M. , Intven Martijn P.W. , Burbach Johannes P.M. , Emaus Marleen J. , van Grevenstein Wilhelmina M.U. , Verkooijen Helena M. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:
Organ-sparing approaches, including wait-and-see and local excision, are increasingly being offered to patients with rectal cancer following a good response to neoadjuvant therapy. Preferences regarding these treatment strategies are yet unknown.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to determine the preferences and utility scores for rectal cancer treatment approaches.

DESIGN:
This is a cross-sectional study.

SETTING:
This study was conducted at the Radiation-Oncology Department of the University Medical Center Utrecht.

PATIENTS:
Fifty-seven patients with a history of rectal cancer and 38 volunteers were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Participants assessed 6 hypothetical treatment-outcome scenarios, including short-course radiotherapy or chemoradiation followed by abdominoperineal resection, low anterior resection, local excision, or a wait-and-see approach. The hierarchy in preferences between scenarios was assessed by using ranking. Utilities were estimated with a visual analog scale and time trade-off.

RESULTS:
Organ-sparing approaches were ranked as the first preferred treatment option by 51% of the participants. Among all scenarios, wait-and-see was most often ranked highest by patients and volunteers (36% and 50%). Meanwhile, a substantial proportion ranked wait-and-see as their lowest preference (38% in patients and 35% in volunteers). Utility scores differed significantly between scenarios. Wait-and-see received a significantly higher score on the visual analog scale than the scenarios including abdominoperineal resection and the scenario including chemoradiation with low anterior resection, and a score similar to the scenarios including local excision and short-course radiotherapy with low anterior resection.

LIMITATIONS:
The study population consisted of patients with a history of rectal cancer treatment and volunteers related to patients. This may have influenced preferences.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that there is a wide disparity in preferences concerning organ-sparing approaches for rectal cancer in both patients with a history of rectal cancer and volunteers. Wait-and-see is often the highest preferred treatment, but it is also among the least preferred treatment options. These findings give insights into how patients may value the current rectal cancer treatment options. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A521.
THE COLLABORATIVE OCULAR TUBERCULOSIS STUDY (COTS)-1
Authors: Gunasekeran Dinesh V. , Agrawal Rupesh , Agarwal Aniruddha , Carreño Ester , Raje Dhananjay , Aggarwal Kanika , Kon Onn M. , Nguyen Quan Dong , Pavesio Carlos , Gupta Vishali ,   for the COTS-1 Study Group
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
Tubercular retinal vasculitis (TRV) is a heterogeneous disease that can be difficult to manage because of nonspecific presentation and limitations of confirmatory tests for tuberculosis. This is a big data analysis on phenotypes and treatment outcomes for TRV.

Methods:
Multicentre retrospective study of patients with TRV between January 2004 and December 2014 and a minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Results:
Two hundred and fifty-one patients with TRV with a mean age of 38.9 ± 14.4 years (range, 9–86 years) were included. The patients were predominantly males (n = 167/251; 66.5%) of Asian ethnicity (n = 174/246; 70.7%), and geographical origin (n = 137/251; 54.6%). Most patients had features of occlusive type of RV (n = 113/185; 61.1%) except Caucasians (n = 11; 28.2%). There was no significant difference in treatment failure whether patients received antitubercular therapy (ATT) (P = 0.29), although treatment failure was less frequent in patients who received ATT (13.6%; n = 31/228) compared with those who did not (21.7%, n = 5/23). Less treatment failures were observed in patients with occlusive type RV who received ATT; however, this was not significant on survival analysis (P = 0.09). Treatment with ATT was associated with higher failure rates in patients of Hispanic and African American race and those with TRV associated with panuveitis (compared with posterior uveitis).

Conclusion:
In this multinational study of TRV, there was no significant therapeutic effect of ATT. However, a definitive conclusion about the role of ATT could not be made because of a few patients who did not receive ATT. Because this is a retrospective study with a limited 1-year follow-up, the effect of ATT may have been overestimated (or underestimated) in the duration of follow-up.
Innovative Strategies for Clinical Microscopy Instruction: Virtual Versus Light Microscopy
Authors: McDaniel M. Jane , Russell Gregory B. , Crandall Sonia J. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to compare virtual microscopy with light microscopy to determine differences in learning outcomes and learner attitudes in teaching clinical microscopy to physician assistant (PA) students.

Methods
A prospective, randomized, crossover design study was conducted with a convenience sample of 67 first-year PA students randomized to 2 groups. One group used light microscopes to find microscopic structures, whereas the other group used instructor-directed video streaming of microscopic elements. At the midpoint of the study, the groups switched instructional strategies. Learning outcomes were assessed via posttest after each section of the study, with comparison of final practical examination results to previous cohorts. Attitudes about the 2 educational strategies were assessed through a postcourse questionnaire with a Likert scale.

Results
Analysis of the first posttest demonstrated that students in the video-streamed group had significantly better learning outcomes than those in the light microscopy group (P = .004; Cohen's d = 0.74). Analysis of the posttest after crossover showed no differences between the 2 groups (P = .48). Between the 2 posttests, students first assigned to the light microscopy group scored a 6.6 mean point increase (±10.4 SD; p = .0011), whereas students first assigned to the virtual microscopy group scored a 1.3 mean point increase (±7.1 SD; p = .29). The light microscopy group improved more than the virtual microscopy group (P = .019). Analysis of practical examination data revealed higher scores for the study group compared with 5 previous cohorts of first-year students (P < .0001; Cohen's d = 0.66). Students preferred virtual microscopy to traditional light microscopy.

Conclusion
Virtual microscopy is an effective educational strategy, and students prefer this method when learning to interpret images of clinical specimens.
Bile Acids and the Gut Microbiome as Potential Targets for NAFLD Treatment
Authors: Zhu Lixin , Baker Robert D. , Zhu Ruixin , Baker Susan S. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTSemisynthetic bile acid (BA) obeticholic acid, a potent farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, exhibited beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obeticholic acid, however, did not cause a resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Here we discuss several prominent knowledge gaps in BA/FXR biology. Firstly, although many groups reported elevated serum BA levels, there are reports of decreased or normal serum BA levels in NAFLD, underlining the complexity of BA regulation by environmental and genetic factors. Secondly, conflicting data exist in animal studies regarding the effects of FXR signaling on obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities. Thirdly, it remains obscure how the gut microbiome and the BA pool interact and influence the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Lastly, it is not known how FXR‐mediated signaling interact with G protein‐coupled BA receptor 1–mediated signaling. Answering these questions may lead to an improved pharmaceutical intervention for NAFLD targeting the FXR signaling pathway.
The Management of Pediatric Genital Injuries at a Pediatric Emergency Department in Japan
Authors: Takei Hirokazu , Nomura Osamu , Hagiwara Yusuke , Inoue Nobuaki 
Published: April 2018

Objectives
Genital injuries among children are often associated with consumer products or specific activities. There are few descriptive studies from Asia on pediatric genital injuries seen in the emergency department (ED). The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic features of accidental genital injuries among children.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of children aged 15 years or younger who visited our ED for genital injuries between March 2010 and November 2014 was conducted. Data on age, arrival time at the ED, location of the incident, mechanism of injury, objects, injured organ, consultation with specialists, emergency operation, sedation at the ED, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results
One hundred seventy-nine patients were included in this analysis. Girls comprised 71% of the subject pool. The median age was 6 years (interquartile range, 4–9 years). Straddle injuries were the most common form of injury (56%). Male genital injuries occurred mostly outdoors (64%). Common consumer products associated with pediatric genital injuries were furniture (21%), exercise equipment (17%), and bicycles (15%). Thirty-two patients were examined by a surgeon, gynecologist, or urologist. The most commonly injured organs were the penis (55%) in boys and the labia (60%) in girls. Most patients (93%) were treated at the ED and discharged.

Conclusions
The characteristics of accidental genital injuries among Japanese children were similar to those of children in other countries. The strategy for preventing genital injuries used in the West might be applicable to the East Asian context.
Female Caudal Duplication Syndrome: A Surgical Case Report With 10-Year Follow-up and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mei Jenny Y. , Nguyen My-Linh T. , Raz Shlomo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCaudal duplication syndrome is an exceedingly rare condition that manifests as duplicative anomalies of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems. We present a case of an adult patient born with multiple congenital anomalies including duplicated reproductive and urinary systems. She presented to our center for initial evaluation 11 years ago largely experiencing right-sided pelvic organ prolapse and bilateral urinary tract voiding dysfunction. She underwent successful surgical management and presented several years later for recurrent symptoms. We describe her presentation and our surgical experience, including complications and outcomes, for this case. We also review caudal duplication syndrome—its etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, surgical intervention (if any), and recommendations.
Elementary sensory-motor transformations underlying olfactory navigation in walking fruit-flies
Authors: Álvarez-Salvado Efrén , Licata Angela , Connor Erin G. , McHugh Margaret K. , King Benjamin M.N. , Stavropoulos Nicholas , Crimaldi John P. , Nagel Katherine I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOdor attraction in walking Drosophila melanogaster is commonly used to relate neural function to behavior, but the algorithms underlying attraction are unclear. Here we develop a high-throughput assay to measure olfactory behavior in response to well-controlled sensory stimuli. We show that odor evokes two behaviors: an upwind run during odor (ON response), and a local search at odor offset (OFF response). Wind orientation requires antennal mechanoreceptors, but search is driven solely by odor. Using dynamic odor stimuli, we measure the dependence of these two behaviors on odor intensity and history. Based on these data, we develop a navigation model that recapitulates the behavior of flies in our apparatus, and generates realistic trajectories when run in a turbulent boundary layer plume. The ability to parse olfactory navigation into quantifiable elementary sensori-motor transformations provides a foundation for dissecting neural circuits that govern olfactory behavior.
A web portal for gene expression across all life stages of Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Lu Z. , Zhang Y. , Berriman M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRNA-seq approach can provide useful information about gene expression. Although several studies have been conducted in the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, the gene expression data is often limited to differential analysis between certain life stages. A recent meta-analysis of RNA-seq studies generated valuable expression data across all life stages of S. mansoni. To facilitate the use and visualisation of these data, we established an interactive web portal implementing not only data from above-mentioned analysis, but also functional aspects including conserved domains and associated pathways, as a complement to main databases for S. mansoni. Users can also visualise and analyse their own data via the web portal. The interactive visualisation implemented in the web portal can facilitate characterising schistosome genes for the research community.
Isonitrile Formation by a Non-heme Iron(II)-dependent Oxidase/Decarboxylase
Authors: Harris Nicholas C. , Born David A. , Cai Wenlong , Huang Yaobing , Martin Joelle , Khalaf Ryan , Drennan Catherine L. , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe electron-rich isonitrile is an important functionality in bioactive natural products, but its biosynthesis has been restricted to the IsnA family of isonitrile synthases. We here provide the first structural and biochemical evidence of an alternative mechanism for isonitrile formation. ScoE, a putative non-heme iron(II)-dependent enzyme from Streptomyces coeruleorubidus, was shown to catalyze the conversion of (R)-3-((carboxymethyl)amino)butanoic acid to (R)-3-isocyanobutanoic acid through an oxidative decarboxylation mechanism. This work further provides a revised scheme for the biosynthesis of a unique class of isonitrile lipopeptides, members of which are critical for the virulence of pathogenic mycobacteria.
Redesigning one-warehousen-retailer routing model in inter-store stock transfer operations of an international retail chain distribution
Authors: Wong Eugene , Tai Allen H. , Wei Yan , Yip Iris 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe effectiveness of product replenishment and responsiveness of customer service delivery impact largely on satisfaction and retention of customers in retail chain logistics distribution. The fast moving goods in the complex delivery network and limited vehicle resource often lead to long customer waiting time in stock replenishment. With lack of literature systematically reviewing factors affecting retail distribution in inter-store stock transfer services and improving the operations, the purpose of this paper is to analyse and enhance this service for the retail to reduce customer dissatisfaction by developing an integrated quality service improvement methodology and an optimisation tool to improve the product delivery services.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews inter-store stock transfer operations and the process capability of an international retail chain, and proposes improvements by integrating Six Sigma, factor analysis, and optimisation modelling. User experience and expectations are evaluated through an empirical survey. A novel principle component factored inter-store stock transfer model is developed to improve replenishment operations. A total of 11 factors affecting inter-store stock transfer delivery time are analysed. An extended model with principal component factors incorporated is developed for the simulation.FindingsTheCpkvalue of 0.51 shows significant difference between the experienced and expected waiting time. With the inter-store stock transfer optimisation model developed, the model assists traffic personnel on the vehicle route planning with multiple pick-up and drop-off locations. The system also ensures the best routing with a minimal travelling time planned, facilitating a reduction of the inter-store stock transfer time, thus improving the customer waiting time. Four significant factors affecting the delivery time are also identified from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results are analysed with an extended principal component factored inter-store stock transfer model.Practical implicationsThe developed inter-store stock transfer models minimise stock transfer time, increase customer satisfaction, and reduce loss of sales. An integrated service quality improvement methodology has been developed and applied in reviewing significant factors affecting inter-store stock transfer operations.Originality/valueThis paper presents an analysis on inter-store stock transfer operations of an international retail and proposes enhancements on the operations by integrating Six Sigma, factor analysis, and optimisation modelling. A novel principal component factored inter-store stock transfer model is developed to improve the stock replenishment operations.
Publication trends in literature on eBooks: a Scopus based bibliometric analysis
Authors: Kolle Shankar Reddy , Shettar Iranna , M. Vijay Kumar , G.S. Parameshwar 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the global scientific outputs on eBooks research using Scopus database.

Design/methodology/approach
This study collected literature published during 2001-2016 from the Scopus database. Following keywords were used: “eBook*”, “e-Book*”, “electronic book*” or “online book*” in title or keyword or abstract with time span covering 2001 to 2016. The authors further restricted their search limit to subject category of social science, computer science and arts and humanities. A total of 2,965 documents were found from the search strategy, including 1,582 research articles. Articles were considered for the analysis using Microsoft Excel 2007. The bibliometric analysis was performed to analyze the document types, language, publication output, citations, authorship pattern, journals, prolific authors, productive countries and most frequently appeared top words/phrases from the title of the articles.

Findings
Literature on eBooks grown exponential and eBooks was the hot topic of the research in recent decade. Most of the articles were contributed by the single authors, and the USA and the UK were the most productive countries; however, in recent times, Taiwan has also joined them. The articles published in the year 2009 have recorded highest citation rate. Publishing Research Quarterly was the most productive journal, which has published 61 articles on eBooks, followed by the Electronic Library (59) and Library Hi Tech News (35). Korat O. was the most productive author on eBooks research who was affiliated to Bar-Ilan University, Israel. The researchers were keen on investigating the experience of use of eBooks, reader, impact, challenges, access, reading habits and usage of the eBooks.

Originality/value
This is the first kind of study to quantify global research patterns and trends in eBooks, which might provide a potential guide for the future research.