bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signaling Incentive and Drive in the Primate Ventral Pallidum for Motivational Control of Goal-Directed Action
Authors: Fujimoto Atsushi , Hori Yukiko , Nagai Yuji , Kikuchi Erika , Oyama Kei , Suhara Tetsuya , Minamimoto Takafumi 
Published: January 2019

Processing incentive and drive is essential for control of goal-directed behavior. The limbic part of the basal ganglia has been emphasized in these processes, yet the exact neuronal mechanism has remained elusive. In this study, we examined the neuronal activity of the ventral pallidum (VP) and its upstream area, the rostromedial caudate (rmCD), while two male macaque monkeys performed an instrumental lever release task in which a visual cue indicated the forthcoming reward size. We found that the activity of some neurons in VP and rmCD reflected the expected reward size transiently following the cue. Reward size coding appeared earlier and stronger in VP than in rmCD. We also found that the activity in these areas was modulated by the satiation level of monkeys, which also occurred more frequently in VP than in rmCD. The information regarding reward size and satiation level was independently signaled in the neuronal populations of these areas. The data thus highlighted the neuronal coding of key variables for goal-directed behavior in VP. Furthermore, pharmacological inactivation of VP induced more severe deficit of goal-directed behavior than inactivation of rmCD, which was indicated by abnormal error repetition and diminished satiation effect on the performance. These results suggest that VP encodes incentive value and internal drive and plays a pivotal role in the control of motivation to promote goal-directed behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe limbic part of the basal ganglia has been implicated in the motivational control of goal-directed action. Here, we investigated how the ventral pallidum (VP) and the rostromedial caudate (rmCD) encode incentive value and internal drive and control goal-directed behavior. Neuronal recording and subsequent pharmacological inactivation revealed that VP had stronger coding of reward size and satiation level than rmCD. Reward size and satiation level were independently encoded in the neuronal population of these areas. Furthermore, VP inactivation impaired goal-directed behavior more severely than rmCD inactivation. These results highlight the central role of VP in the motivational control of goal-directed action.
Approaches in Characterizing Genetic Structure and Mapping in a Rice Multiparental Population
Authors: Raghavan Chitra , Mauleon Ramil , Lacorte Vanica , Jubay Monalisa , Zaw Hein , Bonifacio Justine , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Huang B Emma , Leung Hei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Multi-parent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) populations are fast becoming mainstream tools for research and breeding, along with the technology and tools for analysis. This paper demonstrates the analysis of a rice MAGIC population from data filtering to imputation and processing of genetic data to characterizing genomic structure, and finally quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. In this study, 1316 S6:8 indica MAGIC (MI) lines and the eight founders were sequenced using Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS). As the GBS approach often includes missing data, the first step was to impute the missing SNPs. The observable number of recombinations in the population was then explored. Based on this case study, a general outline of procedures for a MAGIC analysis workflow is provided, as well as for QTL mapping of agronomic traits and biotic and abiotic stress, using the results from both association and interval mapping approaches. QTL for agronomic traits (yield, flowering time, and plant height), physical (grain length and grain width) and cooking properties (amylose content) of the rice grain, abiotic stress (submergence tolerance), and biotic stress (brown spot disease) were mapped. Through presenting this extensive analysis in the MI population in rice, we highlight important considerations when choosing analytical approaches. The methods and results reported in this paper will provide a guide to future genetic analysis methods applied to multi-parent populations.
Pedigree-Based Analysis in a Multiparental Population of Octoploid Strawberry Reveals QTL Alleles Conferring Resistance toPhytophthora cactorum
Authors: Mangandi Jozer , Verma Sujeet , Osorio Luis , Peres Natalia A , van de Weg Eric , Whitaker Vance M 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic architecture of traits in breeding programs can be critical for making genetic progress. Important factors include the number of loci controlling a trait, allele frequencies at those loci, and allele effects in breeding germplasm. To this end, multiparental populations offer many advantages for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses compared to biparental populations. These include increased power for QTL detection, the ability to sample a larger number of segregating loci and alleles, and estimation of allele effects across diverse genetic backgrounds. Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of resistance to crown rot disease caused by Phytophthora cactorum in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), using connected full-sib families from a breeding population. Clonal replicates of &gt; 1100 seedlings from 139 full-sib families arising from 61 parents were control-inoculated during two consecutive seasons. Subgenome-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were mapped in allo-octoploid strawberry (2n = 8 × = 56), and FlexQTL software was utilized to perform a Bayesian, pedigree-based QTL analysis. A major locus on linkage group (LG) 7D, which we name FaRPc2, accounts for most of the genetic variation for resistance. Four predominant SNP haplotypes were detected in the FaRPc2 region, two of which are strongly associated with two different levels of resistance, suggesting the presence of multiple resistance alleles. The phenotypic effects of FaRPc2 alleles across trials and across numerous genetic backgrounds make this locus a highly desirable target for genetic improvement of resistance in cultivated strawberry.
Identification of Nitrogen Consumption Genetic Variants in Yeast Through QTL Mapping and Bulk Segregant RNA-Seq Analyses
Authors: Cubillos Francisco A , Brice Claire , Molinet Jennifer , Tisné Sebastién , Abarca Valentina , Tapia Sebastián M , Oporto Christian , García Verónica , Liti Gianni , Martínez Claudio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae is responsible for wine must fermentation. In this process, nitrogen represents a limiting nutrient and its scarcity results in important economic losses for the wine industry. Yeast isolates use different strategies to grow in poor nitrogen environments and their genomic plasticity enables adaptation to multiple habitats through improvements in nitrogen consumption. Here, we used a highly recombinant S. cerevisiae multi-parent population (SGRP-4X) derived from the intercross of four parental strains of different origins to identify new genetic variants responsible for nitrogen consumption differences during wine fermentation. Analysis of 165 fully sequenced F12 segregants allowed us to map 26 QTL in narrow intervals for 14 amino acid sources and ammonium, the majority of which represent genomic regions previously unmapped for these traits. To complement this strategy, we performed Bulk segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq) analysis in segregants exhibiting extremely high and low ammonium consumption levels. This identified several QTL overlapping differentially expressed genes and refined the gene candidate search. Based on these approaches, we were able to validate ARO1, PDC1, CPS1, ASI2, LYP1, and ALP1 allelic variants underlying nitrogen consumption differences between strains, providing evidence of many genes with small phenotypic effects. Altogether, these variants significantly shape yeast nitrogen consumption with important implications for evolution, ecological, and quantitative genomics.
Vygotsky’s Defectology: A Misleading Term for a Great Conception
Authors: Giest Hartmut 
Published: January 2019

Although defectology is a misleading term (suggesting the opposite of its meaning) it is a great conception offering solutions to a lot of problems tied to inclusion as a demand of modern society. Therefor I will 1) disclose the theoretical roots of the conception, 2) trace its historical development in order to show how it was misunderstood, 3) apply the conception to inclusion and 4) demonstrate some practical examples showing that the conception is also important for educational practice – among other things by helping to close the gap between theory and practice.
PENERAPAN MATERI MUATAN DALAM KESEPAKATAN INTERNASIONAL UNTUK KEBIJAKAN PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN
Authors: Yanti Bayu Vita Indah , Putri Hertria Maharani 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAKIndonesia dikenal sebagai negara yang cukup aktif dalam komunitas internasional terkait dengan pemanfaatan sumber daya hayati. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan materi muatandalam kesepakatan internasional untuk kebijakan pemanfaatan sumber daya hayati. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan content analysis terhadap materi muatan peraturan perundang-undangan, menunjukkan bahwa penerapan materi muatan dalam kesepakatan internasional tetap disesuaikan dengan kepentingan Indonesia. Artinya, penerapan secara keseluruhan materi kesepakatan tersebut dengan mempertimbangkan kepentingan politik Indonesia.Title: Implementation the Content of International Convention in National Policy for Marine and Fisheries ResourcesABSTRACTIndonesia participates actively in international community concerning natural resources. This paper aims to analyze the implementation of international agreement contents toward Indonesian marine and fisheries resource policy. This study used content analysis toward regulation contents. The result shows that the implementation of international agreement substances is adjusted to Indonesia interests. It suggests that all agreements might consider the political interests of Indonesia.
The Effects of Spanish Civil War on Spanish Cinema: Cinema under the Political Pressure of Two Eternal Enemies / Los efectos de la Guerra Civil Española en el cine español: cine bajo la presión política de dos eternos enemigos
Authors: Kutukcu Gizem 
Published: January 2019

Este artículo se centra en cómo se formó el cine español durante y después de la guerra civil española (1936-1939) por los dos bandos de la guerra: la izquierda y la derecha. En primer lugar, examina la lucha de poder entre dos bandos durante la guerra y su esfuerzo por hacer su propia propaganda. En segundo lugar trata de entender las nuevas reglas del cine bajo la dictadura de Franco. Luego discute los cambios de visión después de la muerte de Franco y por último, resume los efectos de la guerra civil en el cine español moderno de hoy. This article focuses on how the Spanish cinema was shaped during and after the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) by the two sides of the war: the political left and the political right. Firstly it examines the power struggle between two sides during the war and their effort to make their own propaganda. Secondly it tries to understand the new rules of the cinema under the dictatorship of Franco. Then it discusses the changes of vision after the death of Franco and lastly summarizes the effects of the war on the modern Spanish cinema of today.
Fluorescein Angiography of the Fundus with Active Retinopathy of Prematurity (Review)
Authors: Tereshchenko A. V. , Trifanenkova I. G. , Yudina Yu. A. 
Published: January 2019

The literature review provides information regarding the use of the fluorescein angiography of the fundus (FFA) in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Sanctified security issues FFA treatments in children; the use of FFA in the screening, diagnosis and determining the course of management of patients with ROP, data usage FFA in the assessment of treatment efficacy in ROP, and the role of FFA in detailing clinicalmorphometric classification of ROP. According to the data presented in domestic and foreign literature, the FFA is a highly informative method of research in preterm children with active stages of ROP. It can detect the degree of vascular disorders and prevalence of pathological process, including in cases when pathological changes are still not made available to other ophthalmic research.
Pharmacological Analysis of Resistance to Anti-VEGF Therapy
Authors: Budzinskaya M. V. , Plyukhova A. A. , Andreeva I. V. , Kuznetsov A. V. , Shelankova A. V. , Sorokin P. A. 
Published: January 2019

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that occurs in adults over 50 years old and the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. AMD is characterized with a lesion of retina macular area and leads to a deterioration in central vision. Therapy aimed at combating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) resulted in an increase of corrected visual acuity in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Possible significant differences in the response to anti-VEGF therapy are due to the existence of several anti-VEGF agents with different molecular configurations. Currently, there is no consensus on classification of the optimal response or its absence with this method of treatment. In particular, there is confusion about such terms as “defendant status” after treatment with n-AMD, “tachyphylaxis” and “resistant” n-AMD. Drug tolerance is a pharmacological concept applicable to a patient’s response to a particular drug, with the physiological drug concentration is reducing in case of re-introduced. It requires the increasement the dose or frequency of drug administration to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Tachyphylaxis is a term indicating a sudden decrease in response to a drug after its administration. This process can develop both after the initial or several administration in small doses. Tachyphylaxis develops in the background or after treatment with ranibizumab with at least two injections of the drug.Switching the treatment regimen to aflibercept or conbercept can be effective in patients resistant to bevascizumab or ranibizumab.The involvement of other pathological processes in the development mechanism of the neovascular form of AMD in addition to increased expression of VEGF dictates the need for combined therapy for this group of patients.
Efficacy and Safety of Late Bleb Needling to Prolong Post-Trabeculectomy Hypotensive Effect
Authors: Petrov S. Yu. , Safonova D. M. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose. To assess the efficacy and safety of late bleb needling to prolong the hypotensive effect after glaucoma surgery.Patients and Methods. The study included 130 patients (130 eyes) with IOP decompensation after trabeculectomy. The patients were divided into 3 groups: cystous blebs (50 eyes), incapsulated blebs (50 eyes) and biomicroscopically absent blebs that reveal intraocular fluid collections under the sclera flap during optical coherence tomography (30 eyes). All patients underwent tonometry, visometry and bleb hyperemia assessment.Results. Patients with cystous blebs showed a mean IOP reduction from 25.4 ± 3.2 mm Hg to 12.7 ± 4.5 mm Hg the day after needling. During the follow up period the mean IOP level showed a minimal fluctuation within the bounds of 13–15 mm Hg. Incapsulated blebs demonstrated a reduction from 28.9 ± 6.3 to 15.1 ± 4.3 mm Hg in the course of the first day. The following IOP fluctuations remained within a higher range, than in Group 1: 15.9–18.3 mm Hg. IOP dynamics in the visually absent bleb group had its specificts: the initial procedure led to a transient IOP increase from 24.6 ± 4.7 mm Hg to 27,6 ± 3,5 mm Hg, followed by a reduction within the first day to the level 19.4 ± 3.1 mm Hg, with further IOP fluctuations during the follow up period staying withing the range of 14.6–15.8 mm Hg. Performing bleb needling to restore trabeculectomy hypotensive efficacy had a total surgical success in 100 % patients with cystous blebs, that were formed as a result of conjunctival-scleral lesions. Incapsulated bleb needling had a 74 % total success rate and visually absent blebs with intraocular fluid collections under the flap had a 90 % total success rate within the 6 month follow up period.Conclusion. The study shows high efficacy of late needling of different blebs as an invasive measure of restoring post-trabeculectomy hypotensive effect.
The Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasound in Ophthalmology
Authors: Kiseleva T. N. , Zaitsev M. S. , Lugovkina K. V. 
Published: January 2019

The literature review presents information about ultrasound use in diagnosis, therapeutic and surgical treatment of eye diseases. Due to experimental studies it was proved that ultrasound of different power, intensity and exposure causes thermal, mechanical and biological effect on the eye tissue. Thermal effect caused by ultrasonic energy absorption by biological tissues, which is converted from acoustic energy into thermal energy. The mechanical effect is determined by the amplitude of ultrasonic pressure acting on the eye structures during the examination. For the safety of ultrasound scanning, such concepts as thermal (TI) and mechanical (MI) indices have been introduced, which allows to control the level of acoustic impact on tissues. Ultrasound diagnosis in ophthalmology went a long way from one-dimensional echography (A-mode) to the complex scanning in real time, which allows to visualize different structural elements of the eye. Ultrasound eye examination is non-invasive and highly informative and thereby one of the main instrumental diagnosis methods in ophthalmology. Combination of images in gray scale, highly sensitive color and energy Doppler, 3D and sonoelastography to date greatly increased the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative assessment the eye and orbit in normal and pathological conditions. Therefore general ultrasonic diagnostic systems are widely used in clinical practice, with obligatory correction of TI and MI values. Recommendations of the international professional organizations such as Food and Drug Adminisration (FDA) and American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM))are widely used for the ultrasonic examination of eye pathology, according to which the lowest levels of exposure and intensity of the output acoustic signal (TI and MI) should be set to get a high-quality image. There are still a lot of clinical and experimental studies to determine the optimal modes of ultrasound eye and orbit examination. However, the safety of ultrasound and its effect on eye structures are still need to be studied.
Plasma catecholamine levels in the early stages of treatment-naïve Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zalyalova Z. A. , Khasanova D. M. , Ugrumov M. V. 
Published: January 2019

Rationale: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with predominant involvement of catecholamine-producing neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system. Taking into account the relative availability and low costs of plasma catecholamine measurements, it is worthwhile to study these parameters as biomarkers of the early stages of PD.Aim: To determinate whether plasma levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in patients with early stages of PD are related with akinetic-rigid and tremor-dominant variants and to compare the results to healthy volunteers.Materials and methods: This was an observational cross-sectional cohort study performed from 2012 to 2015. The main study group included unselected outpatients who attended the Republican Consultative and Diagnostic Center of Movement Disorders and Botulinotherapy (Kazan, Russia) with newly diagnosed early PD (Hoehn and Yahr stages I and II, 1967), of various ages and both genders, who had not been given any specific antiparkinsonian treatment. The control group included healthy volunteers with no clinical signs of PD (they could have other chronic diseases of the non-extrapyramidal origin). Plasma catecholamine levels were measured by gas liquid chromatography.Results: One hundred and thirty (130) treatment-naïve patients with newly diagnosed PD (mean age 59.34 ± 8.42 years, male gender 45.38%) were enrolled into the main study group. The control group included 56 healthy volunteers matched for age and gender. The distribution of various PD forms and stages was as follows: PD tremor-dominant variant 56.9%, PD akinetic-rigid variant 43.1%; PD stage I 76.9%, PD stage II 23.1%. Irrespective of the variant and stage, the PD patients demonstrated decreased NE levels, compared to the controls (95% confidence intervals 124–216 and 248–428 pg/mL, respectively, р < 0.026). DOPA plasma level was reduced only in the patients with akinetic-rigid PD variant (р = 0.017), while DOPAC level in the patients with PD stage II (р = 0.008). The average DA:NE:DOPA:DOPAC ratio was 1:32:105:64 in the control group, 1:62:238:88 in the patients with PD tremor-dominant variant (the difference is significant for NE and DOPA, р < 0.05), and 1:29:96:32 in those with PD akinetic-rigid variant (p > 0.05). In the healthy controls the changes in DOPA levels account for 84% of the DA and NE variability; no correlation between DOPAC and other catecholamines was found. On the contrary, in the PD patients regardless of the stage and the disease variant, DOPAC levels directly correlated with DA (p < 0.04). The PD tremor-dominant variant patients demonstrated a direct correlation between plasma NE and DOPA levels (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results obtained on absolute and relative parameters catecholamine turnover in the patients with early PD stages support the hypothesis on different pathophysiology of the tremor-dominant and akinetic-rigid variants of PD.
Pengaruh Permainan Tradisional Engkleng terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Siswa KelaS III Mata Pelajaran Matematika di SDN Bangsa Negara Kabupaten OKU Timur
Authors: Yunita Dedek 
Published: January 2019

Pemahaman konsep siswa dapat dilihat dari rata-rata nilai mean hasil belajar siswa kelas kontrol yaitu 72,75 sedangkan nilai mean hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen yaitu 84,73. Kemudian hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan statistik uji “t” diperoleh dalam perhitungan ( = 3, 84) dan besarnya t yang tercantum pada tabel ( = 2, 02) dan ( = 2,71) maka dapat diketahui bahwa lebih besar ; yaitu 2,02<3, 84>2,71. Karena lebih besar dari maka hipotesa nihil yang diajukan ditolak, ini berarti bahwa adanya pengaruh permainan tradisional engklengterhadap pemahaman konsep siswa Kelas IIIpada mata pelajaran matematika di SDN Bangsa Negara OKU Timur.