bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using high‐flow nasal cannulas for infants with bronchiolitis admitted to paediatric wards is safe and feasible
Authors: Heikkilä Paula , Sokuri Paula , Mecklin Minna , Nuolivirta Kirsi , Tapiainen Terhi , Peltoniemi Outi , Renko Marjo , Korppi Matti 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimUsing a high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for infant bronchiolitis is increasingly common, but insufficiently studied. In this retrospective study, we examined the outcomes of HFNC and compared infants who did and did not respond to this oxygen delivery method.MethodsThis 2012–2015 study of six Finnish hospitals focused on 88 infants under 12 months who received HFNC: 53 on paediatric wards and 35 in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). We reviewed patient files for underlying factors, clinical parameters and HFNC treatment. The treatment failed if the patient was transferred to another respiratory support.ResultsWe found HFNC treatment was successful in 76 (86%) infants, including all 53 on the paediatric wards and 23/35 PICU patients. The responders' heart rates were significantly lower, and their oxygen saturation was significantly higher at 60 minutes after HFNC treatment started and then stayed relatively constant. Their respiratory rate was only significantly lower after 360 minutes. In non‐responders, the respiratory rate initially decreased but was higher at 180 and 360 minutes after the start of HFNC.ConclusionWe found preliminary evidence that oxygen support needs and heart rate were useful early predictors of HFNC therapy success in infants hospitalised with bronchiolitis, but respiratory rate was not.
Parental questionnaire study showed that annular ligament displacement was common in three‐year‐old children and almost a half had reoccurring episodes
Authors: Kimura Masahiko , Taketani Takeshi , Kurozawa Youichi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThis study sought to determine the incidence of annular ligament displacement (ALD), also known as nursemaid's elbow, in the first 3 years of life.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 1098 families between August 2014 and July 2015 before their child attended a routine health check at 3 years of age in Izumo, Shimane prefecture, Japan. The questionnaire included a brief description about ALD, the age when ALD occurred and how the condition was managed.ResultsWe received 784 (71.4%) responses and these showed that 61 (7.8%) children had a history of ALD and 31 (51%) were girls. The incidence was 2.6%, calculated by multiplying the number of children by the 3‐year observation period. The mean and median ages of the first ALD occurrence were both 25 months. In addition, 28 (46%) children with ALD had a recurrence and the mean number of ALD episodes was 1.8 (range 1‐5). The total number of ALD episodes was 108, and of these, 33 (30%) were seen at the hospital emergency department and 17 (16%) spontaneously resolved.ConclusionThis study confirmed that ALD was a common occurrence in 3‐year‐old children and that there was a high rate of recurrence.
Psychosocial impact of undergoing prostate cancer screening for men with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations
Authors: Bancroft Elizabeth K. , Saya Sibel , Page Elizabeth C. , Myhill Kathryn , Thomas Sarah , Pope Jennifer , Chamberlain Anthony , Hart Rachel , Glover Wayne , Cook Jackie , Rosario Derek J. , Helfand Brian T. , Hutten Selkirk Christina , Davidson Rosemarie , Longmuir Mark , Eccles Diana M. , Gadea Neus , Brewer Carole , Barwell Julian , Salinas Monica , Greenhalgh Lynn , Tischkowitz Marc , Henderson Alex , Evans David Gareth , Buys Saundra S. ,   IMPACT Study Steering Committee,   IMPACT Collaborators, Eeles Rosalind A. , Aaronson Neil K. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo report the baseline results of a longitudinal psychosocial study that forms part of the IMPACT study, a multi‐national investigation of targeted prostate cancer (PCa) screening among men with a known pathogenic germline mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.Particpants and MethodsMen enrolled in the IMPACT study were invited to complete a questionnaire at collaborating sites prior to each annual screening visit. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and the following measures: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale (IES), 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36), Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer, Cancer Worry Scale‐Revised, risk perception and knowledge. The results of the baseline questionnaire are presented.ResultsA total of 432 men completed questionnaires: 98 and 160 had mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively, and 174 were controls (familial mutation negative). Participants’ perception of PCa risk was influenced by genetic status. Knowledge levels were high and unrelated to genetic status. Mean scores for the HADS and SF‐36 were within reported general population norms and mean IES scores were within normal range. IES mean intrusion and avoidance scores were significantly higher in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers than in controls and were higher in men with increased PCa risk perception. At the multivariate level, risk perception contributed more significantly to variance in IES scores than genetic status.ConclusionThis is the first study to report the psychosocial profile of men with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations undergoing PCa screening. No clinically concerning levels of general or cancer‐specific distress or poor quality of life were detected in the cohort as a whole. A small subset of participants reported higher levels of distress, suggesting the need for healthcare professionals offering PCa screening to identify these risk factors and offer additional information and support to men seeking PCa screening.
Impact of bowel management in alleviating symptoms of urinary incontinence in patients with spina bifida associated with overactive bladder and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia
Authors: Radojicic Zoran , Milivojevic Sasa , Milic Natasa , Lazovic Jelena Milin , Lukac Marija , Sretenovic Aleksandar 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of bowel management on urinary incontinence in patients with spina bifida associated with overactive bladder (OAB) and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD).Materials and MethodsThe research was carried out during the period 2014–2017. A total of 35 patients (group 1) were administered bowel management combined with anticholinergic medication therapy and clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and 35 patients (group 2) were treated only with anticholinergic medication therapy and CIC. Bowel management included daily enema, laxative application and a special diet, with the aim of treating constipation, evaluated according to the Roma III criteria and echosonographically determined transversal rectal diameter. The effects of the administered bowel management on urinary incontinence were assessed according to the mean dry interval between two CICs for all patients. All patients were followed up for 1 year, during which data were prospectively collected.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference with regard to age, gender and baseline clinical features between the two groups. In group 1, the mean ± sd dry interval between two CICs was 150.0 ± 36.4 min, and group 2 it was 101.3 ± 51.6 min. There was a significant difference in urinary incontinence, i.e. in the mean dry interval, between the two groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionAdministering bowel management considerably increased the mean dry interval, thus greatly alleviating the symptoms of urinary incontinence. For this reason, bowel management should form an integral part of the treatment of patients with spina bifida and OAB and DSD.
Matrix metalloproteinase 7, soluble Fas and Fas ligand serum levels for predicting docetaxel resistance and survival in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Szarvas Tibor , Sevcenco Sabina , Módos Orsolya , Keresztes Dávid , Nyirády Péter , Csizmarik Anita , Ristl Robin , Puhr Martin , Hoffmann Michèle J. , Niedworok Christian , Hadaschik Boris , Maj‐Hes Agnieszka , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Kramer Gero 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the predictive value of pre‐chemotherapy matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP‐7), soluble Fas (sFas) and Fas ligand (FasL) serum levels, as well as their changes during therapy.Patients and MethodsSerum levels of MMP‐7, Fas and FasL were determined by ELISA in 96 patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): 21 docetaxel‐resistant patients who received one single series and 75 docetaxel‐sensitive patients who received repeated series of docetaxel. In addition to the 96 pretreatment serum samples, 987 sera collected during chemotherapy were also analysed.ResultsHigher pretreatment serum MMP‐7, sFas and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels were significantly associated with both docetaxel resistance (P = 0.007, P = 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively) and shorter cancer‐specific survival (P < 0.001, P = 0.041, P < 0.001, respectively). High MMP‐7 level remained an independent predictor of both docetaxel resistance (hazard ratio [HR] 2.298, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.354–3.899; P = 0.002) and poor cancer‐specific survival (HR 2.11, 95% CI: 1.36–3.30; P = 0.001) in multivariable analyses. Greater increase in MMP‐7 levels in the second treatment holiday and greater increase in PSA levels in the first and second treatment holidays were predictive of survival.ConclusionsPretreatment serum MMP‐7 levels may help to select patients with CRPC who are likely to benefit from docetaxel chemotherapy. Furthermore, MMP‐7 levels alone or in combination with PSA levels could be used for therapy monitoring. Correlative studies embedded in clinical trials are necessary to validate these biomarkers for clinical decision‐making.
Does mirabegron relieve ureteric stent‐related discomfort? A prospective, randomized, multicentre study
Authors: Tae Bum Sik , Cho Seok , Jeon Byung Jo , Choi Hoon , Park Jae Young , Cho Sung Yong , Lee Keon‐Cheol , Bae Jae Hyun 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of 50 mg mirabegron once daily for ureteric stent‐related discomfort after ureteroscopic procedures by conducting a multicentre randomized study.Patients and MethodsA total of 100 patients with indwelling ureteric stents after ureteroscopic stone removal or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) were randomized 1:1 to receive either no treatment or mirabegron during the stenting period. At the time of stent removal, the validated Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), total amount of analgesics administered, and post‐voiding residual urine volume were reported for each patient.ResultsOverall, 96 patients were enrolled for analysis. The postoperative USSQ body pain score (21.96 vs 13.96; P = 0.007) and overall pain score (5.58 vs 2.83; P = 0.002) were lower in the mirabegron group than in the control group. The USSQ urinary symptom scores (32.58 vs 27.92; P = 0.582) and USSQ general health score (17.71 vs 14.00; P = 0.281) were also lower in the mirabegron group, but the difference was not significant. Postoperative IPSS total scores and quality‐of‐life scores were lower in the mirabegron group, but the difference was not significant. The change in IPSS storage symptom score, however, was lower in the mirabegron group than in the control group (3.58 ± 3.58 vs 1.83 ± 4.39; P = 0.035). Post‐void residual urine volume did not differ between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe use of 50 mg mirabegron once daily has the potential to reduce ureteric stent‐related discomfort. Prospective larger‐scale, placebo‐controlled studies are warranted to further evaluate the beneficial effects of mirabegron on stent‐related symptoms.
Prevalence of reduced visual acuity among preschool children in eastern China and comparison at a 5‐year interval
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Wang Yue , Huang Dan , Sun Qigang , Zhao Xiaoyan , Ding Hui , Bai Jing , Chen Ji , Chen Xuejuan , Liu Hu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractImportanceAssessing the prevalence of reduced visual acuity and its change over time has significant public health importance. This study evaluated prevalence of reduce visual acuity in children aged 48–60 months, and compared it with previous data.BackgroundPrevious studies reported prevalence of reduced visual acuity in preschool children, but none has evaluated prevalence change in the same area.DesignNanjing Eye Study, a longitudinal population‐based study.ParticipantsTwo thousand three hundred eligible children.MethodsComprehensive eye examinations.Main Outcome MeasuresUncorrected visual acuity, presenting visual acuity, best‐corrected visual acuity, anterior segment and fundus examination, cycloplegic refraction.ResultsBased on the worse and better eye, respectively, 6.8% and 3.5% had reduced uncorrected visual acuity and 4.0% and 1.4% had reduced presenting visual acuity. Compared to rates in the Nanjing Paediatric Vision Project carried out 5 years ago in the same area, the prevalence rates of reduced uncorrected visual acuity were significantly higher (6.8% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.04 for worse eye; 3.5% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.0049 for better eye), but there was no significant increase in rates of reduced presenting visual acuity (4.0% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.63 for better eye; 1.4% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.43 for worse eye). The prevalence rate of glasses prescription is higher in this study (4.5% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.02).Conclusions and RelevancePrevalence of reduced uncorrected visual acuity increased significantly, indicating that Chinese children are faced with more vision‐threatening factors. However, more children with refractive errors got appropriate correction.
Lessons for modern insulin development
Authors: Herring R. , Russell‐Jones D. D. L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere have been many advances in insulin with a realistic possibility of mimicking nature to improve insulin replacement, with a view to achieving improved metabolic control. Lessons can be learnt from the evolution of insulin, insulin development, and new advances in technology. This may lead to fewer side effects of therapy resulting in a lower risk of hypoglycaemia and less weight gain, which could in turn could reduce long‐term complications for people with diabetes.
The effect of basal–bolus therapy varies with baseline 1,5‐anhydroglucitol level in people with Type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis
Authors: Heller S. , Bowering K. , Raskin P. , Liebl A. , Buchholtz K. , Gorst‐Rasmussen A. , Pieber T. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsTo investigate the impact of baseline 1,5‐anhydroglucitol on the treatment effect of basal–bolus therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsPost hoc analysis of onset 3, an 18‐week, randomized, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of fast‐acting insulin aspart in basal–bolus therapy (n = 116) vs. basal insulin‐only therapy (n = 120) in people with Type 2 diabetes. The estimated treatment difference in change from baseline in HbA1c was investigated for different cut‐off values of baseline 1,5‐anhydroglucitol (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 μg/ml).ResultsThe estimated treatment difference in change from baseline in HbA1c between basal–bolus therapy and basal insulin‐only therapy was statistically significantly greater in participants with baseline 1,5‐anhydroglucitol ≤3 μg/ml (n = 34) vs. >3 μg/ml (n = 198) [estimated treatment difference (95% CI): −1.53% (−2.12; −0.94) vs. −0.82% (−1.07; −0.57); P‐value for interaction = 0.03]. The estimated treatment difference became more pronounced when comparing participants with 1,5‐anhydroglucitol ≤2 μg/ml (n = 15) vs. >2 μg/ml (n = 217) [estimated treatment difference (95% CI): −2.26% (−3.15; −1.36) vs. −0.85% (−1.08; −0.62); P‐value for interaction = 0.003]. For cut‐off values ≥4 μg/ml, estimated treatment differences were numerically greater below the cut‐off compared with above, although the interaction terms were not statistically significant.ConclusionThis analysis indicates that people with Type 2 diabetes with low 1,5‐anhydroglucitol have an added treatment benefit with basal–bolus therapy compared with people with higher 1,5‐anhydroglucitol. Further research is needed to clarify any clinical utility of these findings.Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT01850615
Associations of health literacy with diabetic foot outcomes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen P. Y. , Elmer S. , Callisaya M. , Wills K. , Greenaway T. M. , Winzenberg T. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople with diabetes have low health literacy, but the role of the latter in diabetic foot disease is unclear.AimTo determine, through a systematic review and meta‐analysis, if health literacy is associated with diabetic foot disease, its risk factors, or foot care.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct. All studies were screened and data extracted by two independent reviewers. Studies in English with valid and reliable measures of health literacy and published tests of association were included. Data were extracted on the associations between the outcomes and health literacy. Meta‐analyses were performed using random effects models.ResultsSixteen articles were included in the systematic review, with 11 in the meta‐analysis. In people with inadequate health literacy, the odds of having diabetic foot disease were twice those in people with adequate health literacy, but this was not statistically significant [odds ratio 1.99 (95% CI 0.83, 4.78); two studies in 1278 participants]. There was no statistically significant difference in health literacy levels between people with and without peripheral neuropathy [standardized mean difference –0.14 (95% CI –0.47, 0.18); two studies in 399 participants]. There was no association between health literacy and foot care [correlation coefficient 0.01 (95% CI –0.07, 0.10); seven studies in 1033 participants].ConclusionsThere were insufficient data to exclude associations between health literacy and diabetic foot disease and its risk factors, but health literacy appears unlikely to have a role in foot care. The contribution of low health literacy to diabetic foot disease requires definitive assessment through robust longitudinal studies.
Efficacy and safety of alirocumab among individuals with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the ODYSSEY phase 3 trials
Authors: Ganda Om P. , Plutzky Jorge , Sanganalmath Santosh K. , Bujas‐Bobanovic Maja , Koren Andrew , Mandel Jonas , Letierce Alexia , Leiter Lawrence A. 
Published: May 2018

AimsIndividuals with both diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are at very high risk of cardiovascular events. This post‐hoc analysis evaluated efficacy and safety of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab among 984 individuals with DM and ASCVD pooled from 9 ODYSSEY Phase 3 trials.Materials and methodsChanges in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and other lipids from baseline to Week 24 were analysed (intention‐to‐treat) in four pools by alirocumab dosage (150 mg every 2 weeks [150] or 75 mg with possible increase to 150 mg every 2 weeks [75/150]), control (placebo/ezetimibe) and background statin usage (yes/no).ResultsAt Week 24, LDL‐C changes from baseline in pools with background statins were −61.5% with alirocumab 150 (vs −1.0% with placebo), −46.4% with alirocumab 75/150 (vs +6.3% with placebo) and −48.7% with alirocumab 75/150 (vs −20.6% with ezetimibe), and −54.9% with alirocumab 75/150 (vs +4.0% with ezetimibe) without background statins. A greater proportion of alirocumab recipients achieved LDL‐C < 70 and < 55 mg/dL at Week 24 vs controls. Alirocumab also resulted in significant reductions in non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) vs controls. Alirocumab did not appear to affect glycaemia over 78‐104 weeks. Overall safety was similar between treatment groups, with a higher injection‐site reaction frequency (mostly mild) with alirocumab.ConclusionAlirocumab significantly reduced LDL‐C and other atherogenic lipid parameters, and was generally well tolerated in individuals with DM and ASCVD.
Serotonin transporter inhibition during neonatal period induces sex‐dependent effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics in the rat brainstem
Authors: Silva Tercya Lucidi Araujo , Braz Glauber Rudá Feitoza , Silva Severina Cassia de Andrade , Pedroza Anderson Apolônio da Silva , Freitas Cristiane de Moura , Ferreira Diorginis José Soares , da Silva Aline Isabel , Lagranha Claudia Jacques 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe serotonin reuptake is mainly regulated by the serotonin transporters (SERTs), which are abundantly found in the raphe nuclei, located in the brainstem. Previous studies have shown that dysfunction in the SERT has been associated with several disorders, including depression and cardiovascular diseases. In this manuscript, we aimed to investigate how gender and the treatment with a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) could affect mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress in the brainstem of male and female rats. Fluoxetine, our chosen SSRI, was used during the neonatal period (i.e., from postnatal Day 1 to postnatal Day 21—PND1 to PND21) in both male and female animals. Thereafter, experiments were conducted in adult rats (60 days old). Our results demonstrate that, during lactation, fluoxetine treatment modulates the mitochondrial bioenergetics in a sex‐dependent manner, such as improving male mitochondrial function and female antioxidant capacity.
Population correlates of rapid captive‐induced maladaptation in a wild fish
Authors: Fraser Dylan J. , Walker Lisa , Yates Matthew C. , Marin Kia , Wood Jacquelyn L. A. , Bernos Thais A. , Zastavniouk Carol 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the extent to which captivity generates maladaptation in wild species can inform species recovery programs and elucidate wild population responses to novel environmental change. Although rarely quantified, effective population size (Ne) and genetic diversity should influence the magnitude of plastic and genetic changes manifested in captivity that reduce wild fitness. Sexually dimorphic traits might also mediate consequences of captivity. To evaluate these relationships, we generated >600 full‐ and half‐sibling families from nine wild brook trout populations, reared them for one generation under common, captive environmental conditions and contrasted several fitness‐related traits in wild versus captive lines. We found substantial variation in lifetime success (lifetime survival and reproductive success) and life history traits among wild populations after just one captive generation (fourteen‐ and threefold ranges across populations, respectively). Populations with lower heterozygosity showed lower captive lifetime success, suggesting that captivity generates maladaptation within one generation. Greater male‐biased mortality in captivity occurred in populations having disproportionately higher growth rates in males than females. Wild population Ne and allelic diversity had little or no influence on captive trait expression and lifetime success. Our results have four conservation implications: (i) Trait values and lifetime success were highly variable across populations following one generation of captivity. (ii) Maladaptation induced by captive breeding might be particularly intense for the very populations practitioners are most interested in conserving, such as those with low heterozygosity. (iii) Maladaptive sex differences in captivity might be associated with population‐dependent growth costs of reproduction. (iv) Heterozygosity can be a good indicator of short‐term, intraspecific responses to novel environmental change.