bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassessing Carbamazepine in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Clinical Implications of New Data
Authors: Ketter Terence A. , Ginsberg David L. , Akiskal Hagop S. , Keck Paul E. , Weisler Richard H. , Hirschfeld Robert M.A. , Hollander Eric 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis monograph summarizes the proceedings of a roundtable meeting convened to discuss the role of carbamazepine in the treatment of bipolar disorder, in light of new data and the recent indication of carbamazepine extended-release capsules (CBZ ERC) for use in the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes. Two lectures were presented, followed by a panel discussion among all 6 participants. A summary of the two pivotal trials of CBZ ERC and their pooled data along with other relevant data is presented first. Next, historical trends of carbamazepine and the agent's use in acute mania, bipolar depression, and maintenance are reviewed, emphasizing clinical implications of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and drug interactions. Finally, the panel discussion provides recommendations for the use of carbamazepine in different phases of the illness, taking into account adverse effects and drug-drug interactions.Panel discussants agree that current data confirm the utility of CBZ ERC as an effective treatment for acute manic and mixed episodes in bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine may also prove to be an option for maintenance treatment. Tolerability of the drug is related to dose and titration, and overall safety limitations regarding carbamazepine usage are comparable to other medications. For some patients, the main challenges to use of carbamazepine may be common drug-drug interactions and increased side effects related to aggressive introduction during treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes. Thus, carbamazepine may be a lower priority option for patients who are taking multiple medications, such as elderly individuals with medical comorbidity, due to the potential for drug interactions. Important benefits of carbamazepine include the low propensity toward weight gain and evidence of good tolerability with long-term treatment. (At present there are no available data from long-term, placebo-controlled studies evaluating the effects of carbamazepine or CBZ ERC on weight.) Thus, carbamazepine may be a good option for patients who are concerned about weight gain or who are intolerant of or respond poorly to other medications. Further efforts are needed to update physicians on the use of carbamazepine relative to other medications in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Studies of Carbamazepine Extended-Release Capsules in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Weisler Richard H. 
Published: May 2019

This discussion reviews data from two 3-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials of carbamazepine extended release capsules (CBZ ERC; SPD417.301 and SPD417.304); pooled results from these trials; data from a 3-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in lithium non-responders or non-tolerators (SPD417.302); and additional supportive data from a 6-month, open-label, extension trial (SPD417.303). In addition, information on a retrospective chart review of 600 adolescent and adult bipolar patients on CBZ ERC is presented.In the first large double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing CBZ ERC in acute mania, manic and mixed bipolar patients from multiple centers were hospitalized and all medications were discontinued. After reaching a stable baseline 2–5 days later, the patients were randomized to CBZ ERC (n=101; 59% with mixed states) or placebo (n=103; 47% with mixed states) for 3 weeks. An aggressive initial titration schedule was implemented, beginning with 200 mg BID and increased by 200 mg/day until good clinical response was achieved or the patient could not tolerate the dosage. Many patients were taking 1,200–1,600 mg/day by the end of week 1. Efficacy was assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were also followed.
Understanding Early Childhood Resilience Following Neonatal Brain Injury From Parents’ Perspectives Using a Mixed-Method Design
Authors: Williams Tricia S. , McDonald Kyla P. , Roberts Samantha D. , Westmacott Robyn , Dlamini Nomazulu , Tam Emily W.Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectives:The current study used a mixed-method design to qualitatively examine parents’ definitions of resilience and factors they believed optimized their child’s early outcome following neonatal brain injury. This was followed by quantitative analyses of early developmental and mental health outcomes and their relation to salient biopsychosocial factors.Methods:Participants were parents of children diagnosed with neonatal brain injury due to stroke or hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (N=51; age range of children 18 months to 8 years). The Parent Experiences Questionnaire (PEQ) was used to qualitatively analyze parents’ open-ended responses about their child’s early experiences and outcome. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Scales of Independent Behaviour Early Developmental Form (SIB-ED) parent ratings were used to measure child resilience from a quantitative perspective, identifying “at-risk” and “resilient” children using standard cutoffs. “Resilient” and “at-risk” children were compared on biopsychosocial variables using univariatettests and chi-square analyses.Results:Parents provided five unique definitions of their child’s positive outcomes, and many children demonstrated resilience based on parent perspectives and quantitative definitions. Supporting factors included close medical follow-up, early intervention, and intrinsic factors within the child and parent. Group comparisons of “resilient” and “at-risk” children highlighted the importance of parent mental health across these early developmental and mental health outcomes.Conclusions:Many children were described as resilient during the early years by parents using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Findings highlighted the importance of parent well-being in promoting optimal early outcomes. (JINS, 2019,25, 390–402.)
Monte Carlo Simulation on the CD-SEM Images of SiO2/Si Systems
Authors: Zhang P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSilicon dioxide (SiO2) has been the most important insulator in the highly-developed field of silicon (Si) technology. Accurate pitch and gate linewidth measurements for SiO2/Si systems (systems with a SiO2 insulating layer and Si substrate) have become necessary. Studying one such system obviously presents different results from that of the widely researched Si/Si structure, because the edge profile of the secondary electron (SE) signal contains contributions from two materials. In this work, several scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and SE profiles of SiO2/Si pitch and trapezoidal line structures, using various geometric and experimental parameters, were simulated through the use of Monte Carlo (MC) methods. It was found that, in contrast to Si/Si systems, the height of the insulating layer cannot be ignored during the evaluation of pitch and linewidth. The thickness (i.e., height) factor does play an important role in the contrast of SEM imaging and the shape of the SE profile in these two-material systems. The mechanism of the influence of insulating layer thickness for imaging was studied in detail. In addition, the SiO2/Si pitch structure with a real rough surface was also studied. This work has significant implications for the study of various kinds of two-material systems and could help to optimize the pitch and gate linewidth measurements.
Single layer miniaturized ultra-thin FSS with five closely spaced bands
Authors: Dey Anupam , Sanyal Rajarshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis Paper reveals a novel single layer five band frequency selective surface (FSS). Novelties of the proposed FSS lie in its five closely spaced stop bands at 2.4, 3.38, 4.82, 6.32, and 7.75 GHz as well as the reduced single layer structural thickness (0.0016 λ0) and the miniaturized unit cell size (0.0656 λ0) at lower resonant frequency as compared to the existing multiband FSS. The unit cell structure consists of six octagonal concentric interconnected loops. Adjacent loop interconnection technique reduces the cell size by more than 44%. Furthermore, arrow-shaped rings are also introduced on each corner of the outermost octagonal loop, and using this technique approximate 23% cell miniaturization can be achieved. In addition, the proposed FSS exhibits excellent angular stability.
Design and modeling of an ultra-wideband low-noise distributed amplifier in InP DHBT technology
Authors: Shivan T. , Kaule E. , Hossain M. , Doerner R. , Johansen T. , Stoppel D. , Boppel S. , Heinrich W. , Krozer V. , Rudolph M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper reports on an ultra-wideband low-noise distributed amplifier (LNDA) in a transferred-substrate InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology which exhibits a uniform low-noise characteristic over a large frequency range. To obtain very high bandwidth, a distributed architecture has been chosen with cascode unit gain cells. Each unit cell consists of two cascode-connected transistors with 500 nm emitter length and ft/fmax of ~360/492 GHz, respectively. Due to optimum line-impedance matching, low common-base transistor capacitance, and low collector-current operation, the circuit exhibits a low-noise figure (NF) over a broad frequency range. A 3-dB bandwidth from 40 to 185 GHz is measured, with an NF of 8 dB within the frequency range between 75 and 105 GHz. Moreover, this circuit demonstrates the widest 3-dB bandwidth operation among all reported single-stage amplifiers with a cascode configuration. Additionally, this work has proposed that the noise sources of the InP DHBTs are largely uncorrelated. As a result, a reliable prediction can be done for the NF of ultra-wideband circuits beyond the frequency range of the measurement equipment.
Revising the self-report strengths and difficulties questionnaire for cross-country comparisons of adolescent mental health problems: the SDQ-R
Authors: Duinhof E. L. , Lek K. M. , de Looze M. E. , Cosma A. , Mazur J. , Gobina I. , Wüstner A. , Vollebergh W. A. M. , Stevens G. W. J. M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been used in many epidemiological studies to assess adolescent mental health problems, but cross-country comparisons of the self-report SDQ are scarce and so far failed to find a good-fitting, common, invariant measurement model across countries. The present study aims to evaluate and establish a version of the self-report SDQ that allows for a valid cross-country comparison of adolescent self-reported mental health problems.

Methods
Using the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, the measurement model and measurement invariance of the 20 items of the self-report SDQ measuring adolescent mental health problems were evaluated. Nationally representative samples of 11-, 13- and 15-year old adolescents (n = 33 233) from seven countries of different regions in Europe (Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovenia) were used.

Results
In order to establish a good-fitting and common measurement model, the five reverse worded items of the self-report SDQ had to be removed. Using this revised version of the self-report SDQ, the SDQ-R, partial measurement invariance was established, indicating that latent factor means assessing conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationships problems and hyperactivity-inattention problems could be validly compared across the countries in this study. Results showed that adolescents in Greece scored relatively low on almost all problem subscales, whereas adolescents in Poland scored relatively high on almost all problem subscales. Adolescents in the Netherlands reported the most divergent profile of mental health problems with the lowest levels of conduct problems, low levels of emotional symptoms and peer relationship problems, but the highest levels of hyperactivity-inattention problems.

Conclusions
With six factor loadings being non-invariant, partial measurement invariance was established, indicating that the 15-item SDQ-R could be used in our cross-country comparison of adolescent mental health problems. To move the field of internationally comparative research on adolescent mental health forward, studies should test the applicability of the SDQ-R in other countries in- and outside Europe, continue to develop the SDQ-R as a cross-country invariant measure of adolescent mental health, and examine explanations for the found country differences in adolescent mental health problems.
Observations of Bedform Migration and Bedload Sediment Transport in Combined Wave‐Current Flows
Authors: Wengrove M. E. , Foster D. L. , Lippmann T. C. , de Schipper M. A. , Calantoni J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBedload transport is an important mechanism for sediment flux in the nearshore. Yet few studies examine the relationship between bedform evolution and net sediment transport. Our work contributes concurrent observations of bedform mobility and bedload transport in response to wave dominant, current dominant, and combined wave‐current flows in the nearshore. Bedload sediment flux from migrating bedforms during combined wave‐current conditions accounted for at least 20% more bedload transport when compared with wave dominant flows and at least 80% more than current‐dominant flows. Bedforms were observed to transport the most sediment during periods with strong currents, with high‐energy skewed waves, and while bedform orientation and transport direction were aligned. Regardless of flow type, bedform migration rates were directly proportional to the total kinetic energy contained in the flow field. Eleven bedload transport models formulated to be used in combined flows (both shear and energetics based) were compared with sediment flux estimated from measured bedform migration. An energetics based sediment transport model was most representative for our data.
New Constraints on the Origin of the EM‐1 Component Revealed by the Measurement of the La‐Ce Isotope Systematics in Gough Island Lavas
Authors: Boyet M. , Doucelance R. , Israel C. , Bonnand P. , Auclair D. , Suchorski K. , Bosq C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHot spot lavas show a large diversity of isotope compositions resulting from the recycling of surface material into the convective mantle. Amongst the mantle end‐members, EM‐1 (enriched mantle) is widely debated and scenarios involving either old pelagic sediments subducted into the deep mantle or subcontinental lithospheric material incorporated at shallow depths are commonly evoked. We selected 12 lavas from Gough Island (south Atlantic Ocean) for the measurement of 138La‐138Ce, 147Sm‐143Nd, and 176Lu‐177Hf isotope systems. Results show limited ranges for ε143Nd, ε138Ce, and ε176Hf values, and Ce/Ce* do not correlate with measured isotope ratios. Cerium isotope compositions allow us to exclude the contribution of old sedimentary material carrying a negative, elemental cerium anomaly in the mantle source. Pelagic sediments are indeed characterized by strongly negative, elemental cerium anomalies and also high La/Ce ratios. Modeling a primitive mantle source contaminated by 0.4% to 2.2% of different 2.5 Ga‐old pelagic components is able to reproduce the lowest Ce/Ce* values. However, the cerium isotope measurements show ε138Ce values between −0.39 and 0.15, too low to give support to the incorporation of recycled pelagic sediments in the mantle source of the lavas. Our results suggest that the incorporation of subcontinental lithospheric material at shallow depths during the plume ascent is a more suitable model to explain the formation of the EM‐1 component. Hafnium and Nd isotopes also support this scenario. Subcontinental lithosphere sampled via kimberlites and lamproites has isotopic compositions that plot generally below the mantle array, a signature that is also seen in Gough lavas.
Gross Primary Productivity of Four European Ecosystems Constrained by Joint CO2 and COS Flux Measurements
Authors: Spielmann F. M. , Wohlfahrt G. , Hammerle A. , Kitz F. , Migliavacca M. , Alberti G. , Ibrom A. , El‐Madany T. S. , Gerdel K. , Moreno G. , Kolle O. , Karl T. , Peressotti A. , Delle Vedove G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGross primary productivity (GPP), the gross uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by plant photosynthesis, is the primary driver of the land carbon sink, which presently removes around one quarter of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions each year. GPP, however, cannot be measured directly and the resulting uncertainty undermines our ability to project the magnitude of the future land carbon sink. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been proposed as an independent proxy for GPP as it diffuses into leaves in a fashion very similar to CO2, but in contrast to the latter is generally not emitted. Here we use concurrent ecosystem‐scale flux measurements of CO2 and COS at four European biomes for a joint constraint on CO2 flux partitioning. The resulting GPP estimates generally agree with classical approaches relying exclusively on CO2 fluxes but indicate a systematic underestimation under low light conditions, demonstrating the importance of using multiple approaches for constraining present‐day GPP.
Methylamine-specific methyltransferase paralogs in Methanosarcina are functionally distinct despite frequent gene conversion
Authors: Nayak Dipti D , Metcalf William W 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Sequenced archaeal genomes are mostly smaller and more streamlined than typical bacterial genomes; however, members of the Methanosarcina genus within the Euryarchaeaota are a significant exception, with M. acetivorans being the largest archaeal genome (5.8 Mbp) sequenced thus far. This finding is partially explained by extensive gene duplication within Methanosarcina spp. Significantly, the evolutionary pressures leading to gene duplication and subsequent genome expansion have not been well investigated, especially with respect to biological methane production (methanogenesis), which is the key biological trait of these environmentally important organisms. In this study, we address this question by specifically probing the functional evolution of two methylamine-specific methyltransferase paralogs in members of the Methanosarcina genus. Using the genetically tractable strain, M. acetivorans, we first show that the two paralogs have distinct cellular functions: one being required for methanogenesis from methylamine, the other for use of methylamine as a nitrogen source. Subsequently, through comparative sequence analyses, we show that functional divergence of paralogs is primarily mediated by divergent evolution of the 5′ regulatory region, despite frequent gene conversion within the coding sequence. This unique evolutionary paradigm for functional divergence of genes post-duplication underscores a divergent role for an enzyme singularly associated with methanogenic metabolism in other aspects of cell physiology.
Differential methylation of enhancer at IGF2 is associated with abnormal dopamine synthesis in major psychosis
Authors: Pai Shraddha , Li Peipei , Killinger Bryan , Marshall Lee , Jia Peixin , Liao Ji , Petronis Arturas , Szabó Piroska E. , Labrie Viviane 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImpaired neuronal processes, including dopamine imbalance, are central to the pathogenesis of major psychosis, but the molecular origins are unclear. Here we perform a multi-omics study of neurons isolated from the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (n = 55 cases and 27 controls). DNA methylation, transcriptomic, and genetic-epigenetic interactions in major psychosis converged on pathways of neurodevelopment, synaptic activity, and immune functions. We observe prominent hypomethylation of an enhancer within the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene in major psychosis neurons. Chromatin conformation analysis revealed that this enhancer targets the nearby tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene responsible for dopamine synthesis. In patients, we find hypomethylation of the IGF2 enhancer is associated with increased TH protein levels. In mice, Igf2 enhancer deletion disrupts the levels of TH protein and striatal dopamine, and induces transcriptional and proteomic abnormalities affecting neuronal structure and signaling. Our data suggests that epigenetic activation of the enhancer at IGF2 may enhance dopamine synthesis associated with major psychosis.
Na-doped ruthenium perovskite electrocatalysts with improved oxygen evolution activity and durability in acidic media
Authors: Retuerto María , Pascual Laura , Calle-Vallejo Federico , Ferrer Pilar , Gianolio Diego , Pereira Amaru González , García Álvaro , Torrero Jorge , Fernández-Díaz María Teresa , Bencok Peter , Peña Miguel A. , Fierro José Luis G. , Rojas Sergio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe design of active and durable catalysts for the H2O/O2 interconversion is one of the major challenges of electrocatalysis for renewable energy. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is catalyzed by SrRuO3 with low potentials (ca. 1.35 VRHE), but the catalyst’s durability is insufficient. Here we show that Na doping enhances both activity and durability in acid media. DFT reveals that whereas SrRuO3 binds reaction intermediates too strongly, Na doping of ~0.125 leads to nearly optimal OER activity. Na doping increases the oxidation state of Ru, thereby displacing positively O p-band and Ru d-band centers, weakening Ru-adsorbate bonds. The enhanced durability of Na-doped perovskites is concomitant with the stabilization of Ru centers with slightly higher oxidation states, higher dissolution potentials, lower surface energy and less distorted RuO6 octahedra. These results illustrate how high OER activity and durability can be simultaneously engineered by chemical doping of perovskites.
GWAS of bone size yields twelve loci that also affect height, BMD, osteoarthritis or fractures
Authors: Styrkarsdottir Unnur , Stefansson Olafur A. , Gunnarsdottir Kristbjorg , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Lund Sigrun H. , Stefansdottir Lilja , Juliusson Kristinn , Agustsdottir Arna B. , Zink Florian , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Ivarsdottir Erna V. , Benonisdottir Stefania , Jonsson Hakon , Gylfason Arnaldur , Norland Kristjan , Trajanoska Katerina , Boer Cindy G. , Southam Lorraine , Leung Jason C. S. , Tang Nelson L. S. , Kwok Timothy C. Y. , Lee Jenny S. W. , Ho Suzanne C. , Byrjalsen Inger , Center Jacqueline R. , Lee Seung Hun , Koh Jung-Min , Lohmander L. Stefan , Ho-Pham Lan T. , Nguyen Tuan V. , Eisman John A. , Woo Jean , Leung Ping-C. , Loughlin John , Zeggini Eleftheria , Christiansen Claus , Rivadeneira Fernando , van Meurs Joyce , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Mogensen Brynjolfur , Jonsson Helgi , Ingvarsson Thorvaldur , Sigurdsson Gunnar , Benediktsson Rafn , Sulem Patrick , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Masson Gisli , Holm Hilma , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Stefansson Kari 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBone area is one measure of bone size that is easily derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. In a GWA study of DXA bone area of the hip and lumbar spine (N ≥ 28,954), we find thirteen independent association signals at twelve loci that replicate in samples of European and East Asian descent (N = 13,608 – 21,277). Eight DXA area loci associate with osteoarthritis, including rs143384 in GDF5 and a missense variant in COL11A1 (rs3753841). The strongest DXA area association is with rs11614913[T] in the microRNA MIR196A2 gene that associates with lumbar spine area (P = 2.3 × 10−42, β = −0.090) and confers risk of hip fracture (P = 1.0 × 10−8, OR = 1.11). We demonstrate that the risk allele is less efficient in repressing miR-196a-5p target genes. We also show that the DXA area measure contributes to the risk of hip fracture independent of bone density.