bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full Three-Dimensional Cavitation Instabilities Using a Non-Quadratic Anisotropic Yield Function
Authors: Legarth Brian Nyvang , Tvergaard Viggo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Full three-dimensional cell models containing a small cavity are used to study the effect of plastic anisotropy on cavitation instabilities. Predictions for the Barlat-91 model (Barlat et al., 1991, “A Six-Component Yield Function for Anisotropic Materials,” Int. J. Plast. 7, 693–712), with a non-quadratic anisotropic yield function, are compared with previous results for the classical anisotropic Hill-48 quadratic yield function (Hill, 1948, “A Theory of the Yielding and Plastic Flow of a Anisotropic Metals,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A193, 281–297). The critical stress, at which the stored elastic energy will drive the cavity growth, is strongly affected by the anisotropy as compared with isotropic plasticity, but does not show much difference between the two models of anisotropy. While a cavity tends to remain nearly spherical during a cavitation instability in isotropic plasticity, the cavity shapes in an anisotropic material develop toward near-spheroidal elongated shapes, which differ for different values of the coefficients defining the anisotropy. The shapes found for the Barlat-91 model, with a non-quadratic anisotropic yield function, differ noticeably from the shapes found for the quadratic Hill-48 yield function. Computations are included for a high value of the exponent in the Barlat-91 model, where this model represents a Tresca-like yield surface with rounded corners.
Oceanographic, ecological, and socio-economic impacts of an unusual summer storm in the Mackenzie Estuary
Authors: Scharffenberg Kevin C. , Whalen Dustin , MacPhee Shannon A. , Marcoux Marianne , Iacozza John , Davoren Gail , Loseto Lisa L. 
Published: September 2019

With increased warming and open water due to climate change, the frequency and intensity of storm surges is expected to increase. Although studies have shown that strong storms can negatively impact Arctic ecosystems, the impact of storms on Arctic marine mammals is relatively unknown. In July 2016, an unusually large storm occurred in the Mackenzie Delta while instrumented seabed moorings equipped with hydrophones and oceanographic sensors were in place to study environmental drivers of beluga habitat use during their summer aggregation. The storm lasted up to 88 h, with maximum wind speeds reaching 60 km/h; historical wind data from Tuktoyaktuk revealed a storm of similar duration has not occurred in July in at least the past 28 years. This provided a unique opportunity to study the impacts of large storms on oceanographic conditions, beluga habitat use, and the traditional subsistence hunt that occurs annually in the delta. The storm resulted in increased water levels and localized flooding as well as a significant drop in water temperature (∼10 °C) and caused belugas to leave the area for 5 days. Although belugas returned after the storm ended, the subsistence hunt was halted resulting in the lowest beluga harvest between 1978 and 2017.
Evidence of killer whale predation on a yearling bowhead whale in Cumberland Sound, Nunavut
Authors: Young Brent G. , Fortune Sarah M.E. , Koski William R. , Raverty Stephen A. , Kilabuk Ricky , Ferguson Steven H. 
Published: September 2019

Accounts of killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation on marine mammals in the Canadian Arctic are relatively uncommon. Although second-hand reports of killer whale predation events in the Arctic are more common in recent years, these observations are generally poorly documented and the outcome of attacks are often unknown. On 12 August 2016, a floating bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) carcass was found off-shore in Cumberland Sound, Nunavut — presumably predated by killer whales that were sighted in the area. Inspection of the carcass revealed injuries consistent with published accounts of killer whale predation on large whales and observations of killer whale predation on bowheads described in Inuit traditional knowledge. The bowhead was male, 6.1 m long in good nutritional condition and estimated between 14 and 16 months old. As a recently weaned yearling, this whale would have been highly vulnerable to killer whale predation. With decreasing summer sea ice making some areas of the Arctic more accessible, the incursion and presence of killer whales in the Arctic is expected to increase. A better understanding of Arctic killer whale predation pressure is needed to predict the potential impact they will have on the eastern Canada–west Greenland bowhead population as well as on other marine mammal prey.
Safety and Effectiveness of Coronary Intravascular Lithotripsy for Treatment of Severely Calcified Coronary Stenoses
Authors: Ali Ziad A. , Nef Holger , Escaned Javier , Werner Nikos , Banning Adrian P. , Hill Jonathan M. , De Bruyne Bernard , Montorfano Matteo , Lefevre Thierry , Stone Gregg W. , Crowley Aaron , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Maehara Akiko , Lansky Alexandra J. , Fajadet Jean , Di Mario Carlo 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The feasibility of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) for modification of severe coronary artery calcification (CAC) was demonstrated in the Disrupt CAD I study (Disrupt Coronary Artery Disease). We next sought to confirm the safety and effectiveness of IVL for these lesions.

Methods:
The Disrupt CAD II study was a prospective multicenter, single-arm post-approval study conducted at 15 hospitals in 9 countries. Patients with severe CAC with a clinical indication for revascularization underwent vessel preparation for stent implantation with IVL. The primary end point was in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization). An optical coherence tomography substudy was performed to evaluate the mechanism of action of IVL, quantifying CAC characteristics and calcium plaque fracture. Independent core laboratories adjudicated angiography and optical coherence tomography, and an independent clinical events committee adjudicated major adverse cardiac events.

Results:
Between May 2018 and March 2019, 120 patients were enrolled. Severe CAC was present in 94.2% of lesions. Successful delivery and use of the IVL catheter was achieved in all patients. The post-IVL angiographic acute luminal gain was 0.83±0.47 mm, and residual stenosis was 32.7±10.4%, which further decreased to 7.8±7.1% after drug-eluting stent implantation. The primary end point occurred in 5.8% of patients, consisting of 7 non–Q-wave myocardial infarctions. There was no procedural abrupt closure, slow or no reflow, or perforations. In 47 patients with post-percutaneous coronary intervention optical coherence tomography, calcium fracture was identified in 78.7% of lesions with 3.4±2.6 fractures per lesion, measuring 5.5±5.0 mm in length.

Conclusions:
In patients with severe CAC who require coronary revascularization, IVL was safely performed with high procedural success and minimal complications and resulted in substantial calcific plaque fracture in most lesions.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03328949.
Emergency department asthma guideline adherence, 72‐h return rates and disposition trends: Comparing data 10 years apart
Authors: Tan Camlyn , Tai Mary Magdalene , Kam Jia Wen 
Published: September 2019

Objective:(1) To compare adherence of Ministry of Health Singapore Guidelines of Acute Asthma in the emergency department, in data 10 years apart, and ascertain if any difference observed impacted 72‐h return rates and (2) to describe enhancement in hospital and community medical services for asthma, and its effect on disposition trends.Methods:A retrospective comparison in guideline adherence with regard to systemic steroids administration, anti‐cholinergic administration in moderately severe exacerbations and patient education in discharged patients was done. Rates of unscheduled 72‐h returns were compared. A description of new community and hospital services was described, and disposition trends were compared.ResultsIn total, 630 patients 10 years ago and 635 patients in the current year were studied, after exclusions and systematic sampling applied. Steroid administration improved by 29% (adjusted p < 0.001). Steroids started in the emergency department improved by 43% (adjusted p < 0.001). Ipratropium addition to second nebulizer improved by 63% (adjusted p < 0.001). Patient education improved by 66% (adjusted p < 0.001). Unscheduled 72‐h returns rate were unchanged at 4.2% (adjusted p = 0.912). Although there was no significant difference in the admission and discharge disposition (adjusted p = 0.173), there was a trend towards admission to the short stay unit as an admission option and referral to the primary healthcare provider for discharged patients.Conclusion:Although guideline adherence improved in the current year, rates of 72‐h unscheduled returns were similar. Disposition trends reflected emphasis and availability of healthcare services in the community and hospital.
Effect of prior tree marking, thinning method and topping diameter on harvester performance in a first thinning operation – a field experiment
Authors: Holzleitner Franz , Langmaier Magdalena , Hochbichler Eduard , Obermayer Bernhardt , Stampfer Karl , Kanzian Christian 
Published: September 2019

The effect of harvester operator tree selection or prior tree marking in thinning operations on satisfactory results and performance has been widely discussed. In harvester operator tree selection, the machine operator decides on the fly which trees are selected to remain or cut. The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of prior tree marking, thinning method and topping diameter on harvester performance in low-diameter thinning operations. The entire thinning operation was captured using video technology. Overall, 2.36 ha divided into 48 plots with 5202 trees were thinned with an average diameter at breast height (dbh) over bark for all plots of between 12.5 and 14.7 cm. In total, 3122 trees were harvested, resulting in 60% removal of stem number over all plots. The harvester achieved a mean productivity of 7.38 m PMH with 1.48 m PMH SEM, with stem volume having the major influence on harvesting productivity. Prior tree marking, topping and thinning method did not significantly affect productivity. Without prior tree marking by the foresters, harvesting removal was shifted toward lower diameters. Within the unmarked plots, 7.0% of the residual trees were damaged compared with 3.2% in marked plots.30â130â1
Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim Essential Oil
Authors: Li Guiying , Jiang Yueyao , Li Yingjun , He Tong , Wang Ying , Ji Tianyi , Zhai Wanchen , Zhao Lichun , Zhou Xiaoping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe chemical composition and antitumor activity of essential oil were compared for four parts of the Arisaema Amuremse Maxim. Chemical constituent of essential oil in every parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim was identified by GC-MS analysis systematically. Arisaema Amuremse Maxim had 114 kinds of essential oils. Tubers, petioles, leaves, and fruits were identified 53, 48, 5 and 21 species essential oil, respectively. The antiproliferative activity against Hep2, HCT-116, A549, SW480, HepG2 cell lines had been investigated by MTT assay. The essential oil of tubers, petioles, leaves and fruits all had strong antiproliferative activity. The IC 50 was 19.60μg·mL-1, 17.60μg·mL-1, 23.80μg·mL-1, and 30.23μg·mL-1, respectively. Among them, the essential oil of tubers and petioles had stronger antitumor activity. The essential oil of tubers, petioles, leaves and fruits had strong antiproliferative activity. This study was of great significance to increase the medicinal parts of Arisaema Amuremse Maxim.
Characteristics of liposomes derived from egg yolk
Authors: Kondratowicz Anna , Weiss Marek , Juzwa Wojciech , Majchrzycki Łukasz , Lewandowicz Grażyna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLiposomes are nanocapsules successfully applied in pharmacy and medicine. Their usage in the food industry could be increased by the development of alternative, cost-efficient lecithin materials. This work is a continuation of the previous two papers describing five different extractions of egg yolk lecithins and the preassessment of their usefulness for liposome formation. Physicochemical properties of extracts differed due to distinct composition. The aim of this research was to further characterise the extracts-based liposomes, especially in terms of nanomechanical properties and structural diversity. Five previously described extracts were used for liposomes preparation employing Bangham technique. Vesicles were analysed with the use of dynamic light scattering, flow cytometry, and atomic force microscopy. The results were tested for correlation with the composition of the extracts. It was proved that the chemical composition of the shell-forming material determined the size, structure, stability, and mechanical properties of the vesicles. The observed effects were found to result not only from differences in the content of major components, i.e. phospholipids, acylglycerols, and cholesterol, but also in the relative proportions. Minor constituents, i.e. tocopherols and carotenoids, were also found to be of significance. Strong correlations between size and Zeta potential of the vesicles with the content of carotenoids were determined.
Dislocated quasi cone b-metric space over Banach algebra and contraction principles with application to functional equations
Authors: George Reny , Nabwey Hossam A. , Vujaković Jelena , Rajagopalan R. , Vinayagam Selva 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper we introduce dislocated and dislocated quasi version of a cone b-metric space over a Banach algebra as well as weak semi α-admissible and α-identical pair of mappings and prove common fixed point theorems for a pair of α-identical and weak α-admissible mappings in the aforesaid spaces. Our results are supported with suitable examples and an application to a system of m-tupled functional equations.
The Gamification of Political Participation
Authors: Loh Wulf 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Political participation lies at the heart of normative democratic theory. To foster participatory interactions between citizens, some advocates and designers are resorting to gamification as the use of psycho-motivational involvement strategies from games in non-game contexts. The hope is that through gamification mechanisms, citizens will be drawn more easily towards participation platforms, apps, and digital services, as well as remain there longer, thereby effectively enhancing participation numbers and time. In this article, I will explore the potential problems of these involvement strategies, namely the worry that they may be able to undermine citizen’s individual and political autonomy by manipulating them into participating. Depending on the severity of the psycho-motivational effect as well as the covertness of the mechanism, gamification may constitute inadmissible forms of paternalism.
Laser-Doppler-Vibrometrie an dynamischen Strukturen von Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Göhler Benjamin , Lutzmann Peter , Scherer-Klöckling Clemens , Brunner Simon , Kaufmann Ilja 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Zahlreiche Fragestellungen bei Design, Errichtung und Betrieb von Windenergieanlagen erfordern Vibrationsmessungen, insbesondere auch an Rotorblättern unter Betriebsbedingungen. Verbaute Sensoren können diese Aufgabe nur punktuell, extern angebrachte nur mit großem Aufwand und eventueller Beeinflussung des Messobjektes erfüllen. Als anlagenunabhängiges, distantes Messverfahren soll hier eine Kombination aus Laser-Doppler-Vibrometer mit einem Trackingverfahren für die Verfolgung der Rotordrehung vorgestellt werden. Es erfordert eine Trennung der Effekte, die durch die makroskopische Bewegung des Rotors auftreten, von den zu messenden Vibrationsbewegungen. Neben dem Doppler-Effekt der schnellen Rotorbewegung werden dazu das Signalrauschen der zurückgestreuten kohärenten Laserstrahlung, sowie Bewegungsartefakte aufgrund des schrägen Blickwinkels erörtert. Erste Testmessungen konnten trotz dieser Herausforderungen die Anwendbarkeit der Methode demonstrieren.
Effects of Constant and Space-Dependent Viscosity on Eyring–Powell Fluid in a Pipe: Comparison of the Perturbation and Explicit Finite Difference Methods
Authors: Nazeer Mubbashar , Ahmad Fayyaz , Saleem Adila , Saeed Mubashara , Naveed Sidra , Shaheen Mubarra , Al Aidarous Eman 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present study explores the effects of constant and space-dependent viscosity on Eyring–Powell fluid inside a circular pipe. The heat transfer analysis is also considered. Using the normalised quantities, the governing equations are transformed into dimensionless form, and then the solution of the constructed nonlinear differential equations is calculated. The perturbation method is used to find the analytical expressions of velocity and temperature profiles as a function of pipe radius. The perturbation solution is validated against explicit finite difference numerical method, and errors of each case are plotted. The accuracy in velocity and temperature of finite difference method relative to the perturbation method is of order 10−2 and 10−4, respectively, in both cases of constant and space-dependent viscosity. The effects of various emerging parameters, namely, modified rheological parameter

λ

(

=
0.1

)

$\lambda\;\left({=0.1}\right)$

, pressure gradient parameter

G

(
−
1
≤
G
≤
−
0.4
)

$G\;\left({-1\leq G\leq-0.4}\right)$

, rheological parameter

ξ

(

=
0.1

)

$\xi\;\left({=0.1}\right)$

and material parameter

E

(
0.1
≤
E
≤
1
)

$E\;\left({0.1\leq E\leq 1}\right)$

on temperature and velocity fields, are discussed through plots. The heights of both profiles are maximal for the case of constant model as compared to the variable one. The numerical code is also validated with a previous study of Eyring–Powell fluid in a pipe.
Distinct Elements Confer the Blocking and Bypass Functions of the Bithorax Fab-8 Boundary
Authors: Kyrchanova Olga , Wolle Daniel , Sabirov Marat , Kurbidaeva Amina , Aoki Tsutomu , Maksimenko Oksana , Kyrchanova Maria , Georgiev Pavel , Schedl Paul 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Boundaries in the Drosophila bithorax complex (BX-C) enable the regulatory domains that drive parasegment-specific expression of the three Hox genes to function autonomously. The four regulatory domains (iab-5, iab-6, iab-7, and iab-8) that control the expression of the Abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene are located downstream of the transcription unit, and are delimited by the Mcp, Fab-6, Fab-7, and Fab-8 boundaries. These boundaries function to block cross talk between neighboring regulatory domains. In addition, three of the boundaries (Fab-6, Fab-7, and Fab-8) must also have bypass activity so that regulatory domains distal to the boundaries can contact the Abd-B promoter. In the studies reported here, we have undertaken a functional dissection of the Fab-8 boundary using a boundary-replacement strategy. Our studies indicate that the Fab-8 boundary has two separable subelements. The distal subelement blocks cross talk, but cannot support bypass. The proximal subelement has only minimal blocking activity but is able to mediate bypass. A large multiprotein complex, the LBC (large boundary complex), binds to sequences in the proximal subelement and contributes to its bypass activity. The same LBC complex has been implicated in the bypass activity of the Fab-7 boundary.
Building a set of criteria for selection of natural clam beds (<i>Lutraria rhynchaena</i>, Jonas 1844) as broodstock source for seed production and gene conservation in Cat Ba - Ha Long bay
Authors: Hao Do Manh , Tuyet Dao Thi Anh , Dat Nguyen Tien , Nga Hoang Thi Thanh , Hiep Le Minh , Quan Nguyen Van 
Published: September 2019

Building on a set of criteria used as a scientific basis for conservation zoning of natural marine resources is essential. In this study, we propose the set of criteria to select the suitable natural clam beds of Lutraria rhynchaena for protection priority from 16 sites in Cat Ba - Ha Long bay. Research results have built a set of 13 different criteria, including area, density, benthic substrate, food organisms, turbidity, water flow, water depth, predators, salinity, benthic organisms, pollution, area location and zoning conflicts. The criteria are divided into 5 groups, in which the area and density have the highest coefficent of 5, followed by the zoning conflict with the coefficient of 4, the pollution with the coefficient of 3, the efficient of benthic substrate and water flow is 2, the remaining criteria have a same coefficient of 1. The highest points are evaluated at Tung Sau bed (station 12) with a score of 254 points, followed by Van Boi beach (station 7) with a score of 235 points, the bed is in Trinh Nu Cave (Station 13) with a score of 229 points, which are proposed to be prioritized sites for conservation.
Natural ventilation as a means of airborne tuberculosis infection control in minibus taxis
Authors: Matose Munyaradzi T. , Poluta Mladen , Douglas Tania S. 
Published: September 2019

Airborne infection control measures are used extensively in health-care settings to curtail the spread of airborne infectious diseases. Few such measures are applied in public congregate spaces outside health facilities, such as those associated with public transport. In minibus taxis – a popular form of public transport in South Africa – poor ventilation creates conditions that allow for transmission of airborne diseases, particularly tuberculosis. In this study, we focused on developing quantitative ventilation profiles for the 16-seater Toyota Quantum Ses’fikile model commonly used in the Cape Town metropole. We studied the ventilation rates achievable in an occupied taxi under varying operational conditions, such as driving speed and open window configurations, which were based on observations made during preliminary taxi journeys. Two open-window configurations were found to provide ventilation rates close to or exceeding WHO recommended per-person requirements for high-risk clinical areas and are therefore likely to be effective in reducing the risk of tuberculosis transmission.
Significance:

The results obtained augment the limited data available on the role that natural ventilation can play in reducing TB transmission in minibus taxis.
Ventilation rates were shown to depend on both the taxi speed and specific open window configuration, countering the notion that simply opening a random selection of windows provides adequate reduction in the transmission risk.