bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropilin 2 Signaling Mediates Corticostriatal Transmission, Spine Maintenance, and Goal-Directed Learning in Mice
Authors: Assous Maxime , Martinez Edward , Eisenberg Carol , Shah Fulva , Kosc Aleksandra , Varghese Kristie , Espinoza Diego , Bhimani Shaznaan , Tepper James M. , Shiflett Michael W. , Tran Tracy S. 
Published: September 2019

The striatum represents the main input structure of the basal ganglia, receiving massive excitatory input from the cortex and the thalamus. The development and maintenance of cortical input to the striatum is crucial for all striatal function including many forms of sensorimotor integration, learning, and action control. The molecular mechanisms regulating the development and maintenance of corticostriatal synaptic transmission are unclear. Here we show that the guidance cue, Semaphorin 3F and its receptor Neuropilin 2 (Nrp2), influence dendritic spine maintenance, corticostriatal short-term plasticity, and learning in adult male and female mice. We found that Nrp2 is enriched in adult layer V pyramidal neurons, corticostriatal terminals, and in developing and adult striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Loss ofNrp2increases SPN excitability and spine number, reduces short-term facilitation at corticostriatal synapses, and impairs goal-directed learning in an instrumental task. Acute deletion ofNrp2selectively in adult layer V cortical neurons produces a similar increase in the number of dendritic spines and presynaptic modifications at the corticostriatal synapse in theNrp2−/−mouse, but does not affect the intrinsic excitability of SPNs. Furthermore, conditional loss ofNrp2impairs sensorimotor learning on the accelerating rotarod without affecting goal-directed instrumental learning. Collectively, our results identify Nrp2 signaling as essential for the development and maintenance of the corticostriatal pathway and may shed novel insights on neurodevelopmental disorders linked to the corticostriatal pathway and Semaphorin signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe corticostriatal pathway controls sensorimotor, learning, and action control behaviors and its dysregulation is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we demonstrate that Neuropilin 2 (Nrp2), a receptor for the axon guidance cue semaphorin 3F, has important and previously unappreciated functions in the development and adult maintenance of dendritic spines on striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs), corticostriatal short-term plasticity, intrinsic physiological properties of SPNs, and learning in mice. Our findings, coupled with the association of Nrp2 with ASD in human populations, suggest that Nrp2 may play an important role in ASD pathophysiology. Overall, our work demonstrates Nrp2 to be a key regulator of corticostriatal development, maintenance, and function, and may lead to better understanding of neurodevelopmental disease mechanisms.
Multiple Nonauditory Cortical Regions Innervate the Auditory Midbrain
Authors: Olthof Bas M.J. , Rees Adrian , Gartside Sarah E. 
Published: September 2019

Our perceptual experience of sound depends on the integration of multiple sensory and cognitive domains, however the networks subserving this integration are unclear. Connections linking different cortical domains have been described, but we do not know the extent to which connections also exist between multiple cortical domains and subcortical structures. Retrograde tracing in adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) revealed that the inferior colliculus, the auditory midbrain, receives dense descending projections not only, as previously established, from the auditory cortex, but also from the visual, somatosensory, motor, and prefrontal cortices. While all these descending connections are bilateral, those from sensory areas show a more pronounced ipsilateral dominance than those from motor and prefrontal cortices. Injections of anterograde tracers into the cortical areas identified by retrograde tracing confirmed those findings and revealed cortical fibers terminating in all three subdivisions of the inferior colliculus. Immunolabeling showed that cortical terminals target both GABAergic inhibitory, and putative glutamatergic excitatory neurons. These findings demonstrate that auditory perception and behavior are served by a network that includes extensive descending connections to the midbrain from sensory, behavioral, and executive cortices.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMaking sense of what we hear depends not only on the analysis of sound, but also on information from other senses together with the brain's predictions about the properties and significance of the sound. Previous work suggested that this interplay between the senses and the predictions from higher cognitive centers occurs within the cerebral cortex. By tracing neural connections in rat, we show that the inferior colliculus, the subcortical, midbrain center for hearing, receives extensive connections from areas of the cerebral cortex concerned with vision, touch, movement, and cognitive function, in addition to areas representing hearing. These findings demonstrate that wide-ranging cortical feedback operates at an earlier stage of the hearing pathway than previously recognized.
Walden Pond as Thoreau’s Landscape of Genius
Authors: Hess Scott 
Published: September 2019

Scott Hess, “Walden Pond as Thoreau’s Landscape of Genius” (pp. 224–250)
This essay explores how Henry David Thoreau’s identification with Walden Pond was influenced by the nineteenth-century discourse of the literary landscape and by William Wordsworth’s association with the English Lake District in particular. Wordsworth was a central figure for the transatlantic development of the “landscape of genius”—a new form of literary landscape in which the genius of the author, associated with a specific natural landscape, mediated the spiritual power of nature for individual readers and tourists. Wordsworth’s identification of his authorial identity with the Lake District landscape had a formative influence on both Thoreau’s self-conception and his subsequent reception and canonization, as Thoreau and Walden Pond as his landscape of genius entered the canon together. The essay concludes by exploring the ongoing significance of Thoreau’s association with Walden for both his scholarly and popular reputations, including proliferating discourses of “Thoreau Country”; cultural and political disputes over the Concord and Walden landscapes; and invocations of Thoreau as an ecological hero and inspiration for responses to climate change.
Extending Tests of Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium to Structured Populations
Authors: Hao Wei , Storey John D 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTesting for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) is an important component in almost all analyses of population genetic data. Genetic markers that violate HWE are often treated as special cases; for example, they may be flagged as possible...Testing for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is an important component in almost all analyses of population genetic data. Genetic markers that violate HWE are often treated as special cases; for example, they may be flagged as possible genotyping errors, or they may be investigated more closely for evolutionary signatures of interest. The presence of population structure is one reason why genetic markers may fail a test of HWE. This is problematic because almost all natural populations studied in the modern setting show some degree of structure. Therefore, it is important to be able to detect deviations from HWE for reasons other than structure. To this end, we extend statistical tests of HWE to allow for population structure, which we call a test of “structural HWE.” Additionally, our new test allows one to automatically choose tuning parameters and identify accurate models of structure. We demonstrate our approach on several important studies, provide theoretical justification for the test, and present empirical evidence for its utility. We anticipate the proposed test will be useful in a broad range of analyses of genome-wide population genetic data.
La diversidad en los procesos educativos: bases para una propuesta conceptual
Authors: Hernández Vargas Dora 
Published: September 2019

Recibido 7 de mayo, 2007 • Aprobado 12 de junio, 2007

La tesis principal de este trabajo es que lo que hace problemático el abordaje del concepto de diversidad son las consecuencias que derivemos de su reconocimiento. Y este reconocimiento se hace desde la pedagogía. Luego de examinar, de forma sucinta, la trascendencia de la idea de diversidad en las principales tradiciones de la filosofía social, la autora propone las bases conceptuales que, desde estas lecturas ideológicas deben dirigir el abordaje pedagógico del concepto.
The Great Leveler: Violence and the history of inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century (2017). De Walter Scheidel. Princeton University Press
Authors: López Rivera Edwin 
Published: September 2019

En The Great Leveler Scheidel argumenta que, desde la prehistoria hasta nuestros días, la reducción de la desigualdad económica se ha dado exclusivamente como consecuencia de eventos violentos que han reducido las disparidades entre ricos y pobres, al menos de manera temporal. El autor se concentra en cuatro tipos de rupturas violentas: guerras, revoluciones turbulentas, el colapso de civilizaciones y estructuras estatales, y epidemias devastadoras.
A „kompromisszumos választás” szerepe a fogászati kezeléssel kapcsolatos döntések során. 676 magyar önkéntes részvételével végzett vizsgálat
Authors: Szabó Réka , Farkas Gergely , Keszeg Mária , Eördegh Gabriella , Buzás Norbert , Antal Márk 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Introduction: The compromise effect is a well-known phenomenon in the world of marketing, but it is rarely examined in medical settings. In dental setting, the patient often has to make treatment-related decisions with price as the only available and comprehensible information to help informed choice. Aim: We sought to determine if the compromise effect plays a role in dental treatment choices, and if yes, how the effect is modified by factors such as perceived quality, professional jargon in the explanations, or the importance of keeping one’s own teeth intact. Method: 676 volunteers participated in this questionnaire-based study. The questionnaires were filled in anonymously. Altogether 8 versions of the same questionnaire were generated, in which the following information was given in varying combinations: the names of five different dental treatments from cheap to expensive, their possible prices, and additional information about the treatment. Statistical analysis: The significance of the relationship between the relative frequency of responses and the available additional information was determined by chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The respondents did not approach dental treatment-related decisions on a heuristic basis by default, most probably because of their preconceptions and previous experiences in connection with dental treatments. Esthetics turned out to be of utmost importance and expectable lifespan was also information that significantly influenced the choices. Conclusion: Extra information can and does influence informed dental treatment choice on the patient side, provided it is offered in a clear, proper, and intelligible form, which points out the importance of professional communication. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(38): 1503–1509.
Spirituality Building Bagi Lansia: Pengalaman Pendampingan pada Lansia di Desa Kare Kecamatan Kare Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Rahmawati Lilik , Qolbi Khofifatul , Khotimah Khusnul 
Published: September 2019

AbstrakKebahagiaan manusia yang hakiki dapat diperoleh dari konsistensi mentaati suatu aturan tertentu. Agama Islam sangat menganjurkan pemeluknya untuk memahami tata cara ibadah seperti sholat dan wudhu. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini memfokus pada pendampingan spiritualitas pada lansia Desa Kare Madiun dalam bentuk pelatihan sholat dan wudhu. Pendampingan ini mempunyai beberapa tujuan. Pertama, untuk menghasilkan suatu perubahan, perbaikan, kesehatan, dan kebersihan jiwa dan mental masyarakat Desa Kare khususnya Lansia Desa Kare. Kedua, adanya perubahan dan perbaikan dalam aspek kesopanan tingkah laku yang dapat memberikan manfaat, baik pada diri sendiri, lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan kerja, maupun lingkungan sosial dan alam sekitar. Ketiga, mendukung keberhasilan kecerdasan rasa (emosi) pada lansia sehingga berkembang praktik toleransi, kasih sayang, kesetiakawanan, dan tolong menolong. Keempat, mendukung ketercapaian kecerdasan spiritual pada lansia sehingga mendorong kualitan ketakwaan kepada Allah SWT. Pelatihan pendalaman agama ini menggunakan metode ekspository berupa program kajian rutin dimulai dari tanggal 26 Juli sampai 10 Agustus 2016 disertai program tambahan berupa pengkaderan. Kata Kunci: Lansia, Pelatihan, Wudhu, Sholat. AbstracsEssential human happiness can be obtained from consistency in obeying certain rules. Islam strongly encourages its adherents to understand the procedures of worship such as prayer and ablution. The implementation of community service focuses on spirituality assistance in the elderly Kare Madiun Village in the form of prayer and ablution training. This assistance has several objectives. First, to produce a change, improvement, health, and cleanliness of the soul and mentality of the Kare Village community, especially the Kare Village Elderly. Second, there are changes and improvements in aspects of courtesy that can provide benefits, both to oneself, family environment, work environment, and the social and natural environment. Third, it supports the success of sense intelligence (emotion) in the elderly so that it develops the practice of tolerance, affection, solidarity, and help. Fourth, to support the achievement of spiritual intelligence in the elderly so as to encourage the quality of piety to Allah SWT. This religious deepening training uses the expository method in the form of a routine study program starting from July 26 to August 10, 2016 accompanied by additional programs in the form of cadre. Keywords: Elderly, Training, Ablution, Prayer.
The infective endocarditis of synthetic patch after left ventricle reconstruction (Dor procedure)
Authors: Chernov I. I. , Enginoev S. T. , Kozmin D. Y. , Tarasov D. G. 
Published: September 2019

Infective endocarditis (IE) has become an increasingly significant problem in cardiology and cardiac surgery over the past 30 years. Despite the noticeable progress made in the diagnosis and treatment of IE, the prognosis for this condition is still poor and the mortality rate reaches 15-30% [1, 2]. The risk of developing IE is especially high in patients with «intracardiac» artificial materials (artificial valves, prostheses of any type, implantable antiarrhythmic devices). This article presents a rare clinical case of IE of synthetic patch after left ventricle reconstruction (Dor procedure).
Perioperative myocardial infarction during coronary artery bypass grafting. The main approaches to diagnosis and prevention
Authors: Argunova Yu. A. , Larionov M. V. 
Published: September 2019

The incidence of perioperative complications, including perioperative myocardial damage and infarction, remains high with the increasing number of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed worldwide. These conditions are predictors of poor prognosis in the postoperative period. Therefore, it is relevant to develop strict diagnostic criteria for these conditions and to search for optimal preventive measures.Cardioprotection is used at all stages of patient management in the perioperative period after CABG. The comprehensive approach containing preoperative management of the patient (prehabilitation), intraoperative cardioprotection and risk factor management in the postoperative period is considered to be the most effective one.The review presents current approaches to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction after CABG, as well as the basic concepts of its prevention at all stages of patient management.
“Valve-On-Valve” — an alternative method of surgical treatment of tissue valve dysfunctions
Authors: Rogulina N. V. , Khalivopulo I. K. 
Published: September 2019

Every year, the frequency of use of biological prostheses for treatment of valvular heart disease increases.The implantation of a biological prosthesis allows avoiding lifelong anticoagulant therapy, but at the same time it may require further replacement due to the dysfunction development.Traditional reoperation is associated with a certain risk of trauma to various structures and cardiac chambers during explantation of non-functioning valve.Transcatheter replacement of the prosthesis (“valve-in-valve”) is not always realizable due to lack of routes for the delivery system and small diameter of the initial valve.“Valve-in-valve” is not always demanded because it does not provide an option to choose mechanical or biological prosthesis.Valve-on-valve implantation technique implies that the new prosthesis is implanted in the carcass of the previous valve. It allows avoiding severe intraoperative complications, reducing the duration of the main stage of the surgery and adverse events in the early postoperative period, and provide an option to choose implantable device.In this review, the authors attempted to comprehensively evaluate the world experience in applying the “valve-on-valve” technique.
The dynamics of blood pressure within 12 months after carotid artery stenting in patients with stenotic carotid lesions
Authors: Shukurov F. B. , Bulgakova E. S. , Shapieva A. N. , Rudenko B. А. , Tvorogova T. V. , Shanoyan A. S. , Suvorov A. Yu. , Feshchenko D. A. , Chigidinova D. . S. , Vasiliev D. K. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: September 2019

Aim. To assess the dynamics of blood pressure (BP) and determine the predictors of the hypotensive effect after carotid artery stenting (CAS).Material and methods. The analysis included 99 patients who underwent CAS in a period of March 2014 and May 2016. Inclusion criteria: (1) the presence of 50% symptomatic or 70% asymptomatic stenosis of the carotid artery (according to NASCET criteria), (2) follow-up for at least 1 year, (3) measurement and recording of BP at four points: 24 hours before surgery, 1 hour, 24 hours and 12 months after surgery. Results. According to office measurement of BP, the average systolic/diastolic pressure was 117,11/60,75, 119,73/60,75, 134,75/70,48 mm Hg after 1 hour, one day and 12 months after the intervention, respectively. In comparison with the average numbers of BP before the intervention, 148,13/89,52 mm Hg there was a significantly significant decrease in BP levels after CAS (p<0,01). According to the results of daily monitoring of blood pressure, a statistically important decrease in blood pressure was observed after 1 year of observation (p<0,01) (136,52/76,84 compared with 145,91/87,63 before the intervention). Dissociated circle of Willis (odds ratio=10,37, 95% confidence interval, from 3,64 to 29,52; p<0,001) and the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension (odds ratio =3,62, 95% confidence interval, from 1,16 to 11,28; p<0,027) were predictors of a persistent decrease in BP after CAS. Conclusion. The obtained results indicated the need for more thorough conservative postoperative management, especially for patients with a dissociated circle of Willis. It is also necessary to achieve the target blood pressure values by individualized correction of antihypertensive therapy.
First experience of transcatheter implantation of new-generation self-expanding bioprosthesis Acurate neo
Authors: Imaev T E , Komlev A E , Lepilin P M , Kolegaev A S , Salichkin D V , Kuchin I V , Akchurin R S 
Published: September 2019

Aim.To evaluate immediate single-center results of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with use of novel self-expanding bioprosthesis Acurate neo.Material and methods. TAVI procedure was performed in 69 high-tointermediate surgical risk patients (mean age 76,8±6,1years, 31 males, 68 females) with severe calcified aortic stenosis and diverse comorbidity. Concomitant coronary artery disease was observed in 43 (62%), atrial fibrillation in 23 (33%), diabetes mellitus type 2 in 26 (38%) patients. Median Euroscore II was 4,9 (2,8; 9,0). VARC-2 criteria were applied to assess early effectiveness and safety of the procedure.Results. There were no all-cause mortality, surgical conversion, acute coronary syndrome and stroke in the study group. In-hospital and 30-day mortality was also 0%. Duration of the procedure was 100 min (75;120), hospital stay — 7 (6;8) days. Patient’s haemodynamics and clinical status were significantly improved after TAVI. Mean aortic valve pressure gradient significantly decreased from 57,4±17,6 to 11,8±4,4 mm Hg, effective aortic valve area increased from 0,65±0,17 up to 1,8±0,41 mm Hg (p<0,001). Left ventricle ejection fraction increased from 54,5±13,2 mm Hg to 57,7±12,3 before discharge (p<0,001). Moderate paravalvular aortic regurgitation was observed in only 13% of patients. Permanent pacemaker rate was 5,8%. NYHA class reduced from 2,9 to 2,0 (p<0,001).Conclusion. First Russian prospective study of TAVI with use of Acurate neo showed satisfactory hemodynamic characteristics, safety indicators and clinical efficacy of this device. Relative disadvantages of this non-repositionable valve could be generally overcome due to its distinctive features allowing precise planning, adequate navigation and accurate implantation.
Doctrinal issues of criminal responsibility in Russian criminal law
Authors: Barkhatova E. N. 
Published: September 2019

The paper is devoted to determining the moment of criminal responsibility and its content. The positions existing in science and practice are analyzed. The point of view on the occurrence of criminal responsibility at the moment when a person is being charged with a crime is substantiated. This opinion is supported by an analysis of Art. 299 and 305 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The relationship between the characteristics of the subjective side of the crime and the emergence of criminal responsibility is demonstrated. The content of criminal responsibility has been examined both in the criminal law and in the criminal procedure aspect. The emergence and termination of criminal responsibility, as well as its content, are examined, inter alia, through the prism of the grounds for relief from it provided for in Sec. 11 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Other measures of a criminal legal nature have been studied as constituting criminal responsibility. The issue of the possibility or impossibility of including them in the content of criminal responsibility has been resolved. The classification of the components forming the content of criminal responsibility is proposed. The definition of criminal responsibility is formulated, which, according to the author, should be enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.