bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated soluble MUC1 levels and decreased anti-MUC1 antibody levels in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Treon Steven P. , Maimonis Peter , Bua Deborah , Young Gloria , Raje Noopur , Mollick Joseph , Chauhan Dharminder , Tai Yu-Tzu , Hideshima Teru , Shima Yoshihito , Hilgers Jo , von Mensdorff-Pouilly Silvia , Belch Andrew R. , Pilarski Linda M. , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSoluble MUC1 (sMUC1) levels are elevated in many MUC1+cancers. We and others have shown that MUC1 is expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells and B cells. In this study, we measured sMUC1 levels in bone marrow (BM) plasma from 71 MM patients and 21 healthy donors (HDs), and in peripheral blood (PB) plasma from 42 MM patients and 13 HDs using an immunoassay that detects the CA27.29 epitope of MUC1. sMUC1 levels were found to be significantly greater (mean 31.76 U/mL, range 5.69 to 142.48 U/mL) in MM patient BM plasma versus HD BM plasma (mean 9.68 U/mL, range 0.65 to 39.83 U/mL) (P &lt; .001). Importantly, BM plasma sMUC1 levels were related to tumor burden because sMUC1 levels were significantly higher for MM patients with active disease (34.62 U/mL, range 5.69 to 142.48 U/mL) versus MM patients with minimal residual disease (16.16 U/mL, range 5.7 to 56.68 U/mL) (P = .0026). sMUC1 levels were also elevated in the PB plasma of MM patients (32.79 U/mL, range 4.15 to 148.84 U/mL) versus HDs (18.47 U/mL, range 8.84 to 42.49) (P = .0052). Lastly, circulating immunglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to MUC1 were measured in 114 MM patients and 31 HDs, because natural antibodies to MUC1 have been detected in patients with other MUC1-bearing malignancies. These studies demonstrated lower levels of circulating IgM (P &lt; .001) and IgG (P = .078) antibodies to MUC1 in MM patients compared with HDs. Our data therefore show that in MM patients, sMUC1 levels are elevated and correlate with disease burden, whereas anti-MUC1 antibody levels are decreased.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells inhibit spontaneous Ig production by autologous bone marrow cells: role of CD95-CD95L interaction
Authors: Sampalo Almudena , Navas Gloria , Medina Francisco , Segundo Carmen , Cámara Carmen , Brieva José A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA variable degree of humoral immunodeficiency is a common feature in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). The aim of this study was to explore the possibility that B-CLL cells play a direct role in this phenomenon. To this end, patients' bone marrow (BM) immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells were cocultured with autologous purified B-CLL cells. The results show that tumoral cells inhibited the spontaneous IgG secretion by BM plasma cells, and this effect increased after PMA-induction of B-CLL cells. This inhibitory process was proportional to the number of B-CLL cells added and depended on cellular contact. Adhesion molecules did not appear to be involved in the cellular interaction, because the inclusion of blocking antibody to a variety of these proteins did not reverse the inhibitory phenomenon. However, the addition of monoclonal antibody that blocked the function of either CD95 or CD95L clearly reversed B-CLL cell inhibition on autologous BM plasma cells. These latter cells were shown to express CD95, and B-CLL cells contained detectable quantities of CD95L at the level of messenger RNA and protein. Annexin V–binding experiments revealed increased apoptosis of BM Ig-secreting cells when cocultured with autologous B-CLL cells. Finally, this inhibitory phenomenon might be operative in vivo because (a) there was a good correlation between the intensity of the inhibitory effect in vitro and the serum IgG level exhibited by every patient and (b) B-CLL cells also inhibited in vivo antigen-induced IgG-tetanus toxoid–secreting cells obtained from normal immunized subjects. Collectively, these data suggest that B-CLL cells inhibit autologous CD95-bearing Ig-secreting cells by the interaction with CD95L present on B-CLL cells and, hence, contribute to the state of humoral immunodeficiency that occurs in these patients.
Efficacy of STI571, an Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in conjunction with other antileukemic agents against Bcr-Abl–positive cells
Authors: Thiesing J. Tyler , Ohno-Jones Sayuri , Kolibaba Kathryn S. , Druker Brian J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a malignancy of a hematopoietic stem cell, is caused by the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. STI571(formerly CGP 57148B), an Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has specific in vitro antileukemic activity against Bcr-Abl–positive cells and is currently in Phase II clinical trials. As it is likely that resistance to a single agent would be observed, combinations of STI571 with other antileukemic agents have been evaluated for activity against Bcr-Abl–positive cell lines and in colony-forming assays in vitro. The specific antileukemic agents tested included several agents currently used for the treatment of CML: interferon-alpha (IFN), hydroxyurea (HU), daunorubicin (DNR), and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). In proliferation assays that use Bcr-Abl–expressing cells lines, the combination of STI571 with IFN, DNR, and Ara-C showed additive or synergistic effects, whereas the combination of STI571 and HU demonstrated antagonistic effects. However, in colony-forming assays that use CML patient samples, all combinations showed increased antiproliferative effects as compared with STI571 alone. These data indicate that combinations of STI571 with IFN, DNR, or Ara-C may be more useful than STI571 alone in the treatment of CML and suggest consideration of clinical trials of these combinations.
Retinoic acid stimulates erythropoietin gene transcription in embryonal carcinoma cells through the direct repeat of a steroid/thyroid hormone receptor response element half-site in the hypoxia-response enhancer
Authors: Kambe Taiho , Tada-Kambe Junko , Kuge Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi-Iwai Yuko , Nagao Masaya , Sasaki Ryuzo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe have previously reported that expression of the erythropoietin (Epo) gene in mouse embryonal cells was not induced by hypoxia, although hypoxia induced other hypoxia-inducible genes. This study identifies retinoic acid (RA) as an inducer for Epo production in the embryonal carcinoma cell lines P19 and F9. RA induced Epo production through the transcriptional activation of the Epo gene in an oxygen-independent manner. With the use of reporter assays in P19 cells, it is shown that a direct repeat of the nuclear hormone receptor-binding motif separated by a 2-bp spacer (DR-2) in the hypoxia-response enhancer was responsible for the transcriptional activation by RA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that nuclear extracts from P19 cells contained RA receptor complexes that bound to DR-2. In human hepatoma Hep3B cells, an orphan receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4, strongly augmented hypoxic induction of the Epo gene in cooperation with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) by binding to DR-2, whereas in P19 cells, the interaction of RA receptors with DR-2 was sufficient for RA-induced transcriptional activation of the Epo gene without the requirement of the HIF-1 site. These results suggest that DR-2 regulates expression of the Epo gene by acting as the binding site for different transcription factors in different types of cells.
Trends in canine seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. in the eastern USA, 2010–2017
Authors: Dewage Bhagya Galkissa , Little Susan , Payton Mark , Beall Melissa , Braff Jennifer , Szlosek Donald , Buch Jesse , Knupp Andrew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are tick-borne infections transmitted by Ixodes scapularis in the eastern USA; both agents cause disease in dogs and people. To characterize changes in seroprevalence over time, Cochran Armitage trend tests were used to evaluate percent positive test results for antibodies to B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. in approximately 20 million canine tests from 2010–2017 in 25 states and 905 counties in the eastern USA.

Results
A significant decreasing trend in seroprevalence to B. burgdorferi was evident in eight states along the mid-Atlantic coast from Virginia to New Hampshire, and in Wisconsin. In contrast, a continued increasing trend was evident in five northeastern and Midwestern states where Lyme borreliosis is endemic or emerging, as well as in three southern states where endemicity has not yet been widely established. Similarly, seroprevalence to Anaplasma spp. showed a significant, although smaller, decreasing trend in five states along the mid-Atlantic coast from Virginia to Connecticut and Rhode Island, as well as in Minnesota and Wisconsin in the Midwest; despite the fact that those trends were significant they were weak. However, a strong increasing trend was evident in Massachusetts and three states in northern New England as well as in Pennsylvania.

Conclusions
As expected, seroprevalence continued to increase in regions where Lyme borreliosis and anaplasmosis are more newly endemic. However, the declining seroprevalence evident in other areas was not anticipated. Although the reasons for the decreasing trends are not clear, our finding may reflect shifting ecologic factors that have resulted in decreased infection risk or the combined positive influence of canine vaccination, tick control, and routine testing of dogs in regions where these infections have long been endemic. Analysis of trends in canine test results for tick-borne infections continues to be a valuable tool to understand relative geographical and temporal risk for these zoonotic agents.
Unintentional firearm deaths in the United States 2005–2015
Authors: Solnick Sara J. , Hemenway David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Unintentional gun death occurs four times more often in the United States than other high-income countries. Research on these deaths typically has a narrow scope. We believe this is the first study describing the circumstances of these deaths in the United States that covers more than a single state or municipality.

Methods
We use data on all unintentional firearm fatalities in the sixteen states reporting to the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) for all years 2005–2015. Our final count of unintentional firearm deaths in these states and years is 1260. The detailed nature of the data allows us to categorize and compare the circumstances of the incident.

Results
We estimate 430 unintentional firearm fatalities in the United States per year. The rate is highest for older children to young adults, ages 10 to 29, and the vast majority of the victims are male. Common circumstances include playing with the gun (28.3% of incidents), thinking the gun was unloaded (17.2%), and hunting (13.8%). The victim is suspected to have consumed alcohol in nearly a quarter of the deaths and in 46.8% of deaths among those aged 20–29.

Conclusions
Certain circumstances, such as consuming alcohol, playing with the gun, and hunting, are common settings for unintentional firearm deaths. Firearm safety instructors, firearm manufacturers, and firearm owners can all contribute to preventing these deaths.
Cross-sectional study of seropositivity, lung lesions and associated risk factors of the main pathogens of Porcine Respiratory Diseases Complex (PRDC) in Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Galdeano José Vanderlei Burim , Baraldi Thaís Gasparini , Ferraz Maria Eugênia Silveira , de Souza Almeida Henrique Meiroz , Mechler-Dreibi Marina Lopes , Costa Willian Marcos Teixeira , Montassier Hélio José , Mathias Luis Antonio , de Oliveira Luís Guilherme 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the study was to evaluate the occurrence and severity of Porcine Respiratory Diseases Complex (PRDC) pathogens in the Goiás State, Brazil. Were assessed the serological antibodies occurrency ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeand swine influenza virus (SIV), as well as the evaluation of pulmonary Mycoplasma-like lung lesions, pleuritis, histopathological lesions and diseases occurrence associated with risk factors, such as management, housing and productive indexes. We conveniently selected 2536 animals for serology testing, and 900 lungs at slaughtering of animals from 30 multisite herds in Goiás State, Brazil.ResultsForM. hyopneumoniae,all herds presented seropositive animals at some stage of production. Even though most herds (29/30) vaccinated against this pathogen, 90.0% (27/30) of the herds presented at least 50.0% of seropositive animals in finishing and slaughter. Overall, antibodies againstA. pleuropneumoniaewere present in lower occurrence, varying from 22.4% of the animals in the nursery phase to 1.3% of the animals at slaughter. Conversely, SIV circulated in most herds, with 29 seropositive herds without vaccination. The occurrence of anti-SIV antibodies was higher at slaughter (74.5% of the animals) than nursery (41.8% of the animals), and at slaughter, 23 herds (76.7%) presented at least 50.0% of seropositive animals. All herds presented animals with pulmonary Mycoplasma-like lung lesions, and of the 900 lungs evaluated in the slaughterhouse, 665 (73.9%) presented an average Mycoplasma-like lung lesions of 7.3%. Evaluations of the pneumonia index (PI) showed that 73.3% of the herds were strongly affected by a pathology that manifested itself in different presentation forms. Microscopically, there was a predominance of bronchopneumonia lesions (74.6% of affected lungs), with a high occurrence of the chronic form (57.1%), and there was a moderate to marked proliferation of bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in 64.1% of the affected lungs. Pleuritis were observed in 13.5% of the animals.ConclusionSerological tests evidenced that antibodies against App and SIV were present in the Goiás State herds, and high occurrence ofM. hyopneumoniaeantibodies in finishing phases and slaughter may be influenced by pathogen circulation in vaccinated herds, leading to respiratory lesions at slaughter. Additionally, swine influenza virus was broadly disseminated in technified herds in Goiás State.
Mental disorders, suicide attempt and suicide: differences in the association in refugees compared with Swedish-born individuals
Authors: Björkenstam Emma , Helgesson Magnus , Amin Ridwanul , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundMental disorders are associated with an elevated risk for suicide attempt and suicide. Whether the strength of the associations also holds for refugees is unclear.AimsTo examine the relationship between specific mental disorders and suicide attempt and suicide in refugees and Swedish-born individuals.MethodThis longitudinal cohort study included 5 083 447 individuals aged 16–64 years, residing in Sweden in 2004, where 196 757 were refugees. Mental disorders were defined as having a diagnosis in psychiatric care during 2000–2004. Estimates of risk of suicide attempt and suicide were calculated as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Adjustments were made for important confounding factors, including history of attempt. The reference group comprised Swedish-born individuals without mental disorders.ResultsRates for suicide attempt in individuals with a mental disorder were lower in refugees compared with Swedish-born individuals (480 v. 850 per 100 000 person-years, respectively). This pattern was true for most specific disorders: compared with the reference group, among refugees, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for suicide attempt ranged from 3.0 (anxiety) to 7.4 (substance misuse), and among Swedish-born individuals, from 4.9 (stress-related disorder) to 9.3 (substance misuse). For schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and personality disorder, estimates for suicide attempt were comparable between refugees and Swedish-born individuals. Similar patterns were seen for suicide.ConclusionsFor most mental disorders, refugees were less likely to be admitted to hospital for suicide attempt or die by suicide compared with Swedish-born individuals. Further research on risk and protective factors for suicide attempt and suicide among refugees with mental disorders is warranted.Declaration of interestNone.
Tenofovir Versus Entecavir for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention in an International Consortium of Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Hsu Yao-Chun , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Chen Chien-Hung , Peng Cheng-Yuan , Yeh Ming-Lun , Cheung Ka-Shing , Toyoda Hidenori , Huang Chung-Feng , Trinh Huy , Xie Qing , Enomoto Masaru , Liu Li , Yasuda Satoshi , Tanaka Yasuhito , Kozuka Ritsuzo , Tsai Pei-Chien , Huang Yen-Tsung , Wong Christopher , Huang Rui , Jang Tyng-Yuan , Hoang Joseph , Yang Hwai-I , Li Jiayi , Lee Dong-Hyun , Takahashi Hirokazu , Zhang Jian Q. , Ogawa Eiichi , Zhao Changqing , Liu Chenghai , Furusyo Norihiro , Eguchi Yuichiro , Wong Clifford , Wu Chao , Kumada Takashi , Yuen Man-Fung , Yu Ming-Lung , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:
It is unclear whether entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) differ in their effectiveness for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study analyzed an international consortium that encompassed 19 centers from 6 countries or regions composed of previously untreated CHB patients then treated with either ETV or TDF monotherapy. Those who developed HCC before antiviral treatment or within 1 year of therapy were excluded. The association between antiviral regimen and HCC risk was evaluated using competing-risk survival regression. We also applied propensity score matching (PSM) to 1:1 balance the 2 treatment cohorts. A total of 5,537 patients were eligible (n = 4,837 received ETV and n = 700 received TDF) and observed for HCC occurrence until December 23, 2018. Before PSM, the TDF cohort was significantly younger and had generally less advanced diseases.

RESULTS:
In the unadjusted analysis, TDF was associated with a lower risk of HCC (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.79; P = 0.005). The multivariable analysis, however, found that the association between TDF and HCC no longer existed (SHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.42–1.56; P = 0.52) after adjustment for age, sex, country, albumin, platelet, α-fetoprotein, cirrhosis, and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the PSM analysis (n = 1,040) found no between-cohort differences in HCC incidences (P = 0.51) and no association between regimens (TDF or ETV) and HCC risk in the multivariable-adjusted analysis (adjusted SHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.41–1.92; P = 0.77).

DISCUSSION:
TDF and ETV did not significantly differ in the prevention of HCC in patients with CHB.
Notes from the Editors, October 2019
Authors: The Editors - 
Published: October 2019

buy this issue
If there is one thing that is clear about the economic situation in the mature capitalist economies, as we write these notes in mid–August 2019, it is that the financial world is increasingly running scared and looking for safe havens, worrying about the storm clouds ahead. There is now little doubt that the world economy is on the verge of a recession after a long sluggish recovery from the Great Financial Crisis of 2007–09. In itself this should not give occasion to surprise. In this instance, however, there lurks a bigger fear, the possibility of a financial Armageddon on the level of the Great Financial Crisis of 2008—or worse.
A Rational Model for the Evaluation Map
Authors: Kuribayashi Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Let 𝑋 be an 𝑙-connected space and 𝑈 a connected CW complex with dim 𝑈 ≤ 𝑙. Let 𝐹(𝑈,𝑋) be the space of continuous maps from 𝑈 to 𝑋. In this paper, an algebraic model for the evaluation map 𝐹(𝑈,𝑋) × 𝑈 → 𝑋 is considered in terms of the model for the function space due to Brown and Szczarba [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 349: 4931-4951, 1997]. It turns out that the Brown and Szczarba model for the function space coincides with Haefliger's model.
On the Full Transitivity of a Cotorsion Hull
Authors: Kemoklidze Tariel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A cotorsion hull of the separable 𝑝-group 𝑇 is considered when 𝑇 is a direct sum of torsion-complete groups. It is proved that in the considered case its cotorsion hull is fully transitive if and only if 𝑇 is a direct sum of cyclic groups or is a torsion-complete group.
On Generating Relations Involving Generalized Gegenbauer Polynomials
Authors: Khan Subuhi , Yasmin Ghazala , Mittal Archana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, generating relations involving generalized Gegenbauer polynomials are obtained by constructing a three-dimensional Lie algebra isomorphic to special linear algebra sl(2). Further, a number of new interesting relations involving various generalized polynomials are obtained as applications of these generating relations.
Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder with hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus
Authors: Aoshima Misaki , Nagayama Koji , Takeshita Kei , Ajima Hiroshi , Orikasa Sakurako , Iwazaki Ayana , Takatori Hiroaki , Oki Yutaka 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs, especially methotrexate (MTX), rarely develop lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs), known as MTX-related LPD (MTX–LPD). The primary site of MTX–LPD is often extranodal. This is the first reported case of MTX–LPD in the pituitary. A 65-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of oculomotor nerve palsy and multiple subcutaneous nodules. She had been treated with MTX for 11 years for rheumatoid arthritis. Computed tomography showed multiple masses in the orbit, sinuses, lung fields, anterior mediastinum, kidney, and subcutaneous tissue. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a sellar mass. She was diagnosed with hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus based on endocrine examination. Although pituitary biopsy could not be performed, we concluded that the pituitary lesion was from MTX–LPD, similar to the lesions in the sinuses, anterior mediastinum, and subcutaneous tissue, which showed polymorphic LPD on biopsy. MTX was discontinued, and methylprednisolone was administered to improve the neurologic symptoms. After several weeks, there was marked improvement of all lesions, including the pituitary lesion, but the pituitary function did not improve. When pituitary lesions are caused by MTX–LPD, the possibility of anterior hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus needs to be considered. Further studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of early diagnosis and treatment of MTX–LPD in restoring pituitary dysfunction.

Learning points

Pituitary lesions from MTX–LPD may cause hypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus.

Pituitary metastasis of malignant lymphoma and primary pituitary lymphoma, which have the same tissue types with MTX–LPD, have poor prognosis, but the lesions of MTX–LPD can regress only after MTX discontinuation.

In cases of pituitary lesions alone, a diagnosis of MTX–LPD may be difficult, unless pituitary biopsy is performed. This possibility should be considered in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs.

Pituitary hypofunction and diabetes insipidus may persist, even after regression of the lesions on imaging due to MTX discontinuation.