bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Control of Enzyme‐Induced Crystallization Under Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Nanoconfinement
Authors: Vallooran Jijo J. , Assenza Salvatore , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWater nanoconfinement has important effects on the properties of biomolecules and ultimately on their specific functions. By performing experiments and molecular dynamic simulations, we show how intrinsic nanoconfinement controls the crystallization of small organic molecules converted by enzymatic reactions within the water nanochannels of lipid cubic phases (LCPs). By controlling the nanochannel size, enzymatic reactions in LCPs can be engineered to turn the same converted substrate into its soluble, microcrystal, or needle‐like crystal form due to the large variability in water dynamics. Differential scanning calorimetry studies, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, show that most of water within the mesophase nanochannels behaves differently due to interactions with the LCP interface, and that this mechanism has a larger impact for smaller channels. These findings suggest that the amount of free water in the core of the nanochannels is the key factor determining local substrate diffusion and self‐assembly within LCPs.
Reversible Sodium Metal Electrodes: Is Fluorine an Essential Interphasial Component?
Authors: Doi Kyosuke , Yamada Yuki , Okoshi Masaki , Ono Junichi , Chou Chien‐Pin , Nakai Hiromi , Yamada Atsuo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlkaline metals are an ideal negative electrode for rechargeable batteries. Forming a fluorine‐rich interphase by a fluorinated electrolyte is recognized as key to utilizing lithium metal electrodes, and the same strategy is being applied to sodium metal electrodes. However, their reversible plating/stripping reactions have yet to be achieved. Herein, we report a contrary concept of fluorine‐free electrolytes for sodium metal batteries. A sodium tetraphenylborate/monoglyme electrolyte enables reversible sodium plating/stripping at an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.85 % over 300 cycles. Importantly, the interphase is composed mainly of carbon, oxygen, and sodium elements with a negligible presence of fluorine, but it has both high stability and extremely low resistance. This work suggests a new direction for stabilizing sodium metal electrodes via fluorine‐free interphases.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Pseudopteroxazole and Ileabethoxazole
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Fang Xianhe , Xu Miao , Lei Yibo , Wu Zibo , Hu Xiangdong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnantioselective total syntheses of pseudopteroxazole (1) and ileabethoxazole (2) are presented. The two original stereocenters were constructed in excellent enantioselectivity and good diastereoselectivity through Carreira's asymmetric dual catalytic allylation, which shows potential for accessing diastereoisomers at C2 and C3 of 1 and 2. Cationic cyclizations of 13 and 24 demonstrated an effective pathway for the construction of the opposite configurations at C1 in 1 and 2. Additionally, an approach for the introduction of methyl at C4 is a feasible solution for structural modifications at C4 in 1 and 2.
Nonedible oil biodiesels: The cutting‐edge future of renewable energy in India
Authors: Banka Samidha , Parikh Sachin P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIndia being the second largest populated nation has always been energy deficit. In the run, several alternate sources of energy have been tested and utilized to compensate the energy deficiency; these sources include solar, wind, nuclear, hydro, and bioenergy. This paper focuses on the technical, social, and economic aspects of biodiesels produced from various nonpopular sources available in India, which at present are not been practiced on the commercial scale, but their viability has been tested successfully. The study has been made on biodiesels from neem oil, rubber seed oil, karanja seed oil, sal seed oil, kusum oil, simarauba oil, mahua oil, thumba oil, tobacco seed oil, cherua oil, pilu oil, jojoba wax, and tung oil. The paper also discusses the future and setbacks of biodiesel keeping Indian subcontinent in the vision and even throws light on various biofuel policies being implemented by the government. As the study concludes, we have identified that India's diverse flora, as well as agriculture pattern, has potential to boost the discovery, production process, technology transfer, and usage of various unsung nonedible oil‐based biodiesels.
A multidisciplinary approach to assess recovery of consciousness in a patient with moyamoya disease
Authors: Formica Caterina , Corallo Francesco , Morabito Rosa , Allone Cettina , De Salvo Simona , Micchia Katia , Corallo Federica , Todaro Antonino , Marino Silvia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionMoyamoya disease (MMD) meaning “hazy puff of smoke” in Japanese is a rare chronic cerebrovascular syndrome characterized by progressive stenosis and occlusion of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs), and middle cerebral arteries (MCAs).MethodsOur moyamoya patient with severely impaired cognitive and motor functions underwent a specific motor and neuropsychological rehabilitative treatments to assess the recovery of consciousness.ResultsResults obtained showed an improvement of clinical and neuropsychological examination. These findings highlighted the importance of an intensive rehabilitation techniques used in the care of disorders of consciousness patients.ConclusionsThe use of sensory methods provides advantages for the rehabilitation. In fact, in this study, we showed a correlation between sensory stimulation and changes in patient's clinical status.
LukS‐PV induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells mediated by C5a receptor
Authors: Zhang Peng , Yu Wen‐Wei , Peng Jing , Xu Liang‐Fei , Zhao Chang‐Cheng , Chang Wen‐Jiao , Ma Xiao‐Ling 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLukS‐PV is one of the two components of Panton‐Valentine leucocidin (PVL). Our previous study showed that LukS‐PV can induce apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) THP‐1 and HL‐60 cells. C5aR (C5a receptor) is the receptor for PVL, but whether C5aR plays a key role in LukS‐PV induced apoptosis is unclear. The aim of this study was to establish whether C5aR plays a physiological role in apoptosis of leukemia cells induced by LukS‐PV. We investigated the role of C5aR in leukemia cell apoptosis induced by LukS‐PV by pretreatment of THP‐1 and HL‐60 cells with C5aR antagonist and transfection to knockdown C5aR in THP‐1 cells or overexpress C5aR in Jurkat cells before treatment with LukS‐PV. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by staining with Annexin V/propidium iodide or Annexin V‐PE/7‐AAD. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was determined using JC‐1 dye. The expression of apoptosis‐associated genes and proteins was identified by qRT‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis, respectively. As the C5aR antagonist concentration increased, the rate of apoptosis induced by LukS‐PV decreased, the MMP increased, and expression of pro‐apoptotic Bax and Bak genes and proteins was downregulated while that of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐x genes and proteins was upregulated. Knockdown of C5aR also decreased LukS‐PV–induced THP‐1 cell apoptosis. LukS‐PV did not induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells, which have no endogenous C5aR expression; however, LukS‐PV did induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells after overexpression of C5aR. Correspondingly, the MMP decreased and Bax and Bak were upregulated while Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐x were downregulated. LukS‐PV can induce apoptosis in AML cells by targeting C5aR. C5aR may be a potential therapeutic target for AML and LukS‐PV is a candidate targeted drug for the treatment of AML.
Brachial plexopathy with Sjögren syndrome
Authors: Bhagavan Sachin M. , Beladakere Ramaswamy Swathi , Khakh Gurpreet S. , Govindarajan Raghav 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageThis report will explain an unusual presentation of brachial plexopathy associated with manifestation of Sjögrens and will emphasize that Sjögrens may also present initially with neurological involvement only.
15N MRI of SLIC‐SABRE Hyperpolarized 15N‐Labelled Pyridine and Nicotinamide
Authors: Svyatova Alexandra , Skovpin Ivan V. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful non‐invasive diagnostic method extensively used in biomedical studies. A significant limitation of MRI is its relatively low signal‐to‐noise ratio, which can be increased by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins. One promising method is Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE), which employs parahydrogen as a source of hyperpolarization. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility to improve MRI sensitivity with this hyperpolarization technique. Hyperpolarized 15N nuclei in biomolecules can potentially retain their spin alignment for tens of minutes, providing an extended time window for the utilization of the hyperpolarized compounds. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that radio‐frequency‐based SABRE hyperpolarization techniques can be used to obtain 15N MRI of biomolecule 1‐15N‐nicotinamide. Two image acquisition strategies were utilized and compared: Single Point Imaging (SPI) and Fast Low Angle SHot (FLASH). These methods demonstrated opportunities of high‐field SABRE for biomedical applications.
Survey on secure search over encrypted data on the cloud
Authors: Pham Hoang , Woodworth Jason , Amini Salehi Mohsen 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCloud computing has become a potential resource for businesses and individuals to outsource their data to remote but highly accessible servers. However, the potential of cloud services has not been fully realized due to users concerns about data privacy and security. User‐side encryption techniques can be employed to mitigate the security concerns, but once the data is encrypted, no processing (eg, searching) can be performed on the outsourced data. Searchable Encryption (SE) techniques have been widely studied to enable searching on the data while they are encrypted. These techniques enable various types of search on the encrypted data and offer different levels of security. While these techniques enable different search types and vary in details, they share similarities in their components and architectures. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on different secure search techniques, a high‐level architecture for these systems, and an analysis of their performance and security level.
Carbon Nanotubes Conjugated with Triazole‐Based Tetrathiafulvalene‐Type Receptors for C60 Recognition
Authors: Mateos‐Gil Jaime , Calbo Joaquín , Rodríguez‐Pérez Laura , Ángeles Herranz Ma , Ortí Enrique , Martín Nazario 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFullerene receptors prepared by a twofold CuI‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction with π‐extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) have been covalently linked to single‐walled carbon nanotubes and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The nanoconjugates obtained were characterized by several analytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques (TEM, FTIR, Raman, TGA and XPS), and evaluated as C60 receptors by using UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The complexation between the exTTF‐triazole receptor in the free state and C60 was also studied by UV‐Vis and 1H NMR titrations, and compared with analogous triazole‐based tweezer‐type receptors containing the electron‐acceptor 11,11,12,12‐tetracyano‐9,10‐anthraquinodimethane and benzene rings instead of exTTF motifs, providing in all cases very similar values for the association constant (log Ka≈3.0−3.1). Theoretical density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the enhanced interaction between the host and the guest upon increasing the size of the π‐conjugated arms of the tweezer is compensated by an increase in the energy penalty needed to distort the geometry of the host to wrap C60.
Rapid Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Monomers Obtained from Biomass‐Derived Furfuryl Amines and Maleic Anhydride
Authors: Blanpain Anna , Clark James H. , Farmer Thomas J. , Guo Yuanlong , Ingram Ian D. V. , Kendrick John E. , Lawrenson Stefan B. , North Michael , Rodgers George , Whitwood Adrian C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWell‐controlled and extremely rapid ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of unusual oxanorbornene lactam esters by Grubbs third‐generation catalyst is used to prepare a range of bio‐based homo‐ and copolymers. Bio‐derived oxanorbornene lactam monomers were prepared at room temperature from maleic anhydride and secondary furfuryl amines by using a 100 % atom economical, tandem Diels–Alder lactamization reaction, followed by esterification. Several of the resulting homo‐ and copolymers show good control over polymer molecular weight and have narrow molecular weight distributions.
A topology optimization method for electric machines and devices through submodular maximization
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Fujita Masafumi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a topology optimization method using a greedy algorithm for submodular maximization. This method is based on a shape representation using the normalized Gaussian network. The weight coefficients of Gaussians are discretized to +1/−1, and then their values are greedily inverted. Hence, the computational cost of the present method is relatively smaller than that of evolutionary algorithms. The present method is applied to a magnetic shield optimization problem. It is shown that Pareto solutions can be obtained by the present method. In addition, it can be found from the numerical results that the stochastic greedy algorithm can effectively reduce the computational time compared with the conventional greedy algorithm. As a result, it is shown that a 3‐D optimization problem with over 3000 design variables can be solved within acceptable computational time.
Impacts of growing‐season climate on tree growth and post‐fire regeneration in ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir forests
Authors: Hankin Lacey E. , Higuera Philip E. , Davis Kimberley T. , Dobrowski Solomon Z. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe studied the impacts of climate variability on low‐elevation forests in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains by quantifying how post‐fire tree regeneration and radial growth varied with growing‐season climate. We reconstructed post‐fire regeneration and radial growth rates of Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii at 33 sites that burned between 1992 and 2007, by aging seedlings at the root–shoot boundary. We also measured radial growth in adult trees from 12 additional sites that burned between 1900 and 1990. To quantify the relationship between climate and regeneration, we characterized seasonal climate before, during, and after recruitment pulses using superposed epoch analysis. To quantify growth sensitivity to climate, we performed moving regression analysis for each species and for juvenile and adult life stages. Climatic conditions favoring regeneration and tree growth differed between species. Water deficit and temperature were significantly lower than average during recruitment pulses of ponderosa pine, suggesting that germination‐year climate limits regeneration. Growing degree days were significantly higher than average during years with Douglas‐fir recruitment pulses, but water deficit was significantly lower one year following pulses, suggesting moisture sensitivity in two‐year‐old seedlings. Growth was also sensitive to water deficit, but effects varied between life stages, species, and through time, with juvenile ponderosa pine growth more sensitive to climate than adult growth and juvenile Douglas‐fir growth. Increasing water deficit corresponded with reduced adult growth of both species. Increases in maximum temperature and water deficit corresponded with increases in juvenile growth of both species in the early 20th century but strong reductions in growth for juvenile ponderosa pine in recent decades. Changing sensitivity of growth to climate suggests that increased temperature and water deficit may be pushing these species toward the edge of their climatic tolerances. Our study demonstrates increased vulnerability of dry mixed‐conifer forests to post‐fire regeneration failures and decreased growth as temperatures and drought increase. Shifts toward unfavorable conditions for regeneration and juvenile growth may alter the composition and resilience of low‐elevation forests to future climate and fire activity.
Electrochemical Condensation of Methylviologen on Specifically‐adsorbed Anion Layers
Authors: Tsuruta Keisuke , Haraguchi Ryusei , Nishiyama Katsuhiko , Sawaguchi Takahiro , Yoshimoto Soichiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe adsorption of methylviologen dications (MV2+) on single‐crystalline Au electrodes in both H2SO4 and HClO4 was examined. MV2+ strongly interacted with sulfate and bisulfate anions adsorbed on the Au(111) electrode surface in 0.05 M H2SO4 under a controlled potential of 1.25 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). A characteristic non‐Faradaic current was observed at 1.10 V vs. RHE. When adsorption of MV2+ was carried out in 0.1 M HClO4, the electrochemical response of MV2+ was less than that obtained in H2SO4. The results show that the formation of a highly ordered sulfate/bisulfate adlayer plays an important role in the formation of condensed MV2+ layers. Examination of polycrystalline Au and Au(100) electrodes revealed a poor electrochemical response due to the surface roughness of the Au substrate, but the electrochemical detection was applicable to polycrystalline Au electrodes. A systematic investigation of the structural dependency of viologen derivatives showed that molecular size is important for electrostatic interactions with a highly ordered sulfate/bisulfate adlayer. The findings of the present study demonstrate successful detection of MV2+ at a concentration of ≤1 pM with a non‐Faradaic current.
Electrochemical Determination of Dicofol at Nickel Nanowire Modified Poly(p‐aminophenol) Film Electrode
Authors: Karabiberoğlu Şükriye Ulubay , Koçak Çağrı Ceylan , Dursun Zekerya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor was fabricated by construction of nickel nanowires on the surface of poly(p‐aminophenol) (PPAP) modified glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical response of dicofol, a known pesticide and used for agricultural activities such as cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, were investigated and the results were compared with those obtained unmodified electrodes. Following the optimization of NaOH concentration, polymerization cycle number, Ni nanowire amount, the linear range for the dicofol was studied and found as 0.83–30.7 μmol L−1 (R2=0.9981) at Ni/PPAP/GCE with a 0.08 μmol L−1 detection limit according to S/N=3. Finally, the proposed Ni/PPAP/GCE sensor was successfully applied for the dicofol analysis in soil samples. The characterization of the developed surface was carried out by scanning electron microscopy and X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Electroanalysis of Bisphenols A, F, and Z Using Graphene Based Stochastic Microsensors
Authors: Stefan‐van Staden Raluca‐Ioana , Mincu Mariana , van Staden Jacobus Frederick 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTwo stochastic microsensors based on immobilization of the complex between protoporphyrin IX and cobalt on nanographene paste and on the reduced graphene oxide paste were proposed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of bisphenols A (BPA), F (BPF) and Z (BPZ) from water samples. The signatures obtained for the BPA, BPF, and BFZ when both stochastic microsensors were used shown that the microsensors can be used for the discrimination between the three bisphenols in water samples. Very low limits of determination were obtained for the three bisphenols: 1fmol/L for BPA and BPF when the microsensor based on the immobilization of the complex between protoporphyrin IX and cobalt on nanographene paste was used, and 10fmol/L for BPZ when the microsensor based on the immobilization of the complex between protoporphyrin IX and cobalt on reduced graphene oxide paste was used. The linear concentration ranges covered by the proposed stochastic microsensors were: between 10−15 and 10−5 mol/L for BPA, between 10−15 and 10−7 mol/L for BPF, and between 10−13 and 10−10 mol/L for BPZ. The recoveries of the bisphenols in water samples were higher than 99.50 %, with RSD values lower than 1.00 %.
Male‐mediated prenatal loss: Functions and mechanisms
Authors: Zipple Matthew N. , Roberts Eila K. , Alberts Susan C. , Beehner Jacinta C. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSexually selected infanticide has been the subject of intense empirical and theoretical study for decades; a related phenomenon, male‐mediated prenatal loss, has received much less attention in evolutionary studies. Male‐mediated prenatal loss occurs when inseminated or pregnant females terminate reproductive effort following exposure to a nonsire male, either through implantation failure or pregnancy termination. Male‐mediated prenatal loss encompasses two sub‐phenomena: sexually selected feticide and the Bruce effect. In this review, we provide a framework that explains the relationship between feticide and the Bruce effect and describes what is known about the proximate and ultimate mechanisms involved in each. Using a simple model, we demonstrate that male‐mediated prenatal loss can provide greater reproductive benefits to males than infanticide. We therefore suggest that, compared to infanticide, male‐mediated prenatal loss may be more prevalent in mammalian species and may have played a greater role in their social evolution than has previously been documented.
Development and optimization of an immunoassay for the detection of Hg(II) in lake water
Authors: Jin Xuexue , He Rong , Ju Xingrong , Zhang Jie , Wang Mingjie , Xing Changrui , Yuan Jian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (IC‐ELISA) has been developed and optimized to detect Hg(II) in tap water and lake water based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb‐A24). Some stabilizing additives (Gelatin, bovine serum albumin [BSA], polyvinyl alcohol [PVA], and polyvinyl pyrrolidone [PVP]) and surfactant (Tween‐20) have been investigated thoroughly in the optimization process. Under the optimal condition, the 50% half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and limit of detection (LOD) were 1.68 and 0.079 ng/ml, respectively. These anti‐Hg mAbs also have some affinity with methyl mercury (CH3Hg) and with no cross‐reactivity with other thirteen metal ions. The developed method has shown satisfactory recovery of Hg(II), ranged between 91% and 116%, from tap water and lake water. Therefore, this immunoassay can be used to detect trace Hg(II) in environment water.