bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying uncertainty from aerosol and atmospheric parameters and their impact on climate sensitivity
Authors: Fletcher Christopher G. , Kravitz Ben , Badawy Bakr 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Climate sensitivity in Earth system models (ESMs) is an emergent
property that is affected by structural (missing or inaccurate model physics)
and parametric (variations in model parameters) uncertainty. This work
provides the first quantitative assessment of the role of compensation
between uncertainties in aerosol forcing and atmospheric parameters, and
their impact on the climate sensitivity of the Community Atmosphere Model,
Version 4 (CAM4). Running the model with prescribed ocean and ice conditions,
we perturb four parameters related to sulfate and black carbon aerosol
radiative forcing and distribution, as well as five atmospheric parameters
related to clouds, convection, and radiative flux. In this experimental setup
where aerosols do not affect the properties of clouds, the atmospheric
parameters explain the majority of variance in climate sensitivity, with two
parameters being the most important: one controlling low cloud amount, and
one controlling the timescale for deep convection. Although the aerosol
parameters strongly affect aerosol optical depth, their impacts on climate
sensitivity are substantially weaker than the impacts of the atmospheric
parameters, but this result may depend on whether aerosol–cloud interactions
are simulated. Based on comparisons to inter-model spread of other ESMs, we
conclude that structural uncertainties in this configuration of CAM4 likely
contribute 3 times more to uncertainty in climate sensitivity than
parametric uncertainties. We provide several parameter sets that could
provide plausible (measured by a skill score) configurations of CAM4, but
with different sulfate aerosol radiative forcing, black carbon radiative
forcing, and climate sensitivity.
ESTUDO E ZONEAMENTO DAS FORMAS DE RELEVO DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO VICENTE DO SUL, RS
Authors: Robaina Luís Eduardo De Souza , Trentin Romario 
Published: December 2018

Os estudos e a compartimentação da paisagem através das formas, definidas pelo relevo, e sua composição entendida como os elementos do substrato rochoso e solos, com variações das características visuais e físicas, são fundamentais para compreender a dinâmica geomorfológica e auxiliar no manejo e planejamento de áreas agrícolas e urbanas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a compartimentação fisiográfica do município de São Vicente do Sul, através de combinações de elementos em ambiente de SIG. Foram definidas cinco unidades fisiográficas: associado aos rios que drenam o município as Unidades Várzea do Rio Ibicuí e Várzea do rio Jaguari, sendo que a primeira está representada na parte Sul do município drenada pela bacia hidrográfica do rio Ibicuí, e a segunda drena a porção Norte do município; associado ao relevo de colinas a Unidade colinas suavemente onduladas, com declividades ao redor de 5%, e que é a mais representativa do município e a Unidades colinas onduladas representada por um relevo com declividades entre 8 e 12%; além dessas, a unidade de Morros e Morrotes decorrentes da erosão regressiva ou recuo das escarpas do Planalto, representada por formas isolados, conhecidos regionalmente como Cerros.
PERCENTUAL DA PRODUÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS GERADOS NO CEMITÉRIO PÚBLICO NO MUNICÍPIO DE CATOLÉ DO ROCHA-PB
Authors: MELO FILHO José Sebastião de , VÉRAS Mário Leno Martins , MELO Urandy Alves de , ALVES Lunara De Sousa , COSTA Fabiana Xavier 
Published: December 2018

Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar o levantamento percentual da produção dos resíduos sólidos gerados no cemitério de Catolé do Rocha – PB, após o dia de finados, utilizando como instrumento de sensibilização a educação ambiental. A pesquisa foi realizada no cemitério Frei Damião de Bozano no município de Catolé do Rocha – PB, após o dia de finados. De acordo com os dados analisados, observou-se que os tipos de resíduos sólidos expostos ao ar livre, após o dia de finados no cemitério em Catolé do Rocha - PB obteve um percentual de aproximadamente 64,1, % de papéis, enquanto que o plástico obteve-se uma porcentagem de 31,1 % em menor proporção os metais com um percentual de 4,8 % O destino dos resíduos sólidos no referido cemitério é o lixão da cidade, ou seja, por não haver usina de reciclagem o cemitério transfere problemas, criando outro de natureza antiecológica.
Staple Economies and Storage in Post-Hittite Anatolia: Considerations in Light of New Data from Niğde-Kınık Höyük (Southern Cappadocia)
Authors: Castellano Lorenzo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHistorical narratives about post-Hittite polities traditionally concern their political, military, and ethnic aspects, with very little attention given to their economic dimensions. Thanks to the recent discovery of large-scale storage facilities at the site of Niğde-Kınık Höyük, in South-Central Anatolia, this study aims to partially fill this gap, providing some new insights into the political economy of Iron Age polities of Anatolia and northern Syria. This evidence, radiocarbon-dated to the tenth century BCE, will be contextualized within a broader geographic and chronological context. The combined analysis of the archaeological and epigraphic record allows us to hypothesize that a distinctive “Hittite” tradition of centralized accumulation and redistribution of agricultural products survived the end of the Late Bronze Age in the former southern and eastern peripheries of the empire. The survival of such economic system can reshape established paradigms concerning the modality and degree of continuity across the Late Bronze and Iron Age divide.
Identifying and Evaluating Deterioration Factors Which Affect Archaeological Sites: The Case Study of Hippos (Sussita), Israel
Authors: Linn Ravit 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The case study described in this article focuses on both natural and anthropogenic causes of deterioration that influence the conservation of archaeological sites. The investigation took place at Hippos (Sussita), a site located near the east shore of the Sea of Galilee, Israel. Surveys were conducted to identify the major deterioration factors that impact the site's future preservation. Natural causes of deterioration identified in Hippos were vegetation, animal activity, humidity, water drainage, and earthquakes, among others. However, anthropogenic factors have had a more substantial impact on the conservation of the site than previously thought, and thus are critical for the site's entire conservation, including the original structures, past site activities, present excavation and post-excavation, development, and visitors' tours. The evaluation methods that were applied in this study provide significant information for the conservation of archaeological sites in general and could be utilized at any such site.
The Role of the Local Community and Museums in the Renaissance of Syrian Cultural Heritage
Authors: Kanjou Youssef 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSyrian cultural heritage has suffered great destruction during the recent (and ongoing) conflict, but the response to this damage has been less effective than might be hoped. While the actions of extremists have received great attention in the international press, there are many other reasons that have contributed to this situation, such as the inadequate strategy of the Syrian government to preserve cultural heritage prior to the conflict and poor incentives from national and international authorities. This article researches the role of Syrian local communities in safeguarding their cultural heritage before, during, and after the war and provides a critique of the role of national and international communities. Furthermore, the article presents a proposal to encourage the local community to become a part of the process of protection. Museums have a significant role in distributing knowledge about Syrian heritage through heritage education programs.
De economische betekenis van nationale veiligheidsrisico's
Authors: van Bergeijk Peter , Mennen Marcel 
Published: December 2018

The economic impact of national safety and security risks
The economic analysis of (potential) disasters is an important method to determine the efficacy and efficiency of investments in disaster prevention and mitigation. The Dutch National Risk Assessment (NRA) provides an integrated, whole-of-government and all-hazard approach to Dutch national security. The strategy does not only intend to identify capacity gaps and define measures regarding individual threats and risks, but also to enhance capability planning and policy development concerning overall national security. The approach is multi-disciplinary and based upon scenarios which are evaluated and graded in terms of impact and likelihood according to a unified scoring method. Economic impact is one of the criteria in the NRA risk assessment methodology. This article provides a review of the (applied) scientific literature of the many economic tools and methods that have been used worldwide to estimate the (potential) impact of disasters and provides concrete applications at the micro and macro levels to Dutch cases and scenarios that were developed during the five annual cycles of the NRA's existence (2007-2011). We discuss pros and cons of applied methodologies.
Small Volumes, Concealed Images: Portrait Miniatures and the Body = Pequeños volúmenes, imágenes ocultas: Las miniaturas retrato y el cuerpo
Authors: Koos Marianne 
Published: December 2018

This paper examines a group of artifacts that are paradigmatic for images worn on the body: the portrait jewel. In particular the article focuses on the envelopes in which English Renaissance portrait miniatures – like human bodies – were protected. Historical sources reveal very different materials: Besides paper, silk, ivory or velvet we find jeweled metal containers that made it possible to fix the portrait on one’s own body. The article analyzes how, both in images of an official and very intimate nature, these jeweled artifacts interact with the wearer’s body. It does so by focusing on the process of handling: Portrait jewels always demanded an act of opening and closing, of turning and folding, through which they ‘unfolded’ their specific semantics – and their very agency. How exactly these tiny items could model, transform and question binary relations of object and subject is finally shown with a ‘close reading’ of the Heneage Jewel, the most complex of these artifacts. Este documento examina una serie de objetos que representan ejemplos de imágenes que se llevan sobre el cuerpo: las joyas-retrato. En particular, el artículo se centra en los envoltorios con los que las miniaturas-retrato del Renacimiento Británico - al igual que el cuerpo humano - estaban protegidas. Las fuentes históricas nos revelan materiales muy distintos: además del papel, la seda, el marfil o el terciopelo, encontramos contenedores metálicos enjoyados que permitían llevar el retrato sobre el propio cuerpo. El artículo analiza cómo, tanto en imágenes de naturaleza oficial como muy íntima, estos objetos enjoyados interaccionan con el cuerpo del usuario. Esto tiene lugar centrándose en su proceso de manipulación: las joyas-retrato siempre requerían de una acción de apertura y cierre, de giro y plegado, a través de la cual desplegaban su significado específico así como su propio cometido. El cómo exactamente estas diminutas piezas podían modelarse, transformarse y cuestionar sus relaciones binarias entre objeto y sujeto, se demuestra finalmente con una lectura pormenorizada de la joya Heneage, la más compleja de estas piezas.
Cuestionario para valorar las prácticas de enseñanza en secundaria desde la percepción de los estudiantes//Questionnaire for assessing teaching practices in high school from the perception of students
Authors: Arregui Eaton Irma Gloria , Chaparro Caso-López Alicia Alelí , Díaz López Carlos David 
Published: December 2018

RESUMEN La calidad de las prácticas de enseñanza es uno de los principales factores escolares que influyen en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por lo que es importante contar con herramientas de evaluación del ejercicio docente, que permitan generar insumos para fortalecer el trabajo en el aula. El presente estudio tuvo como propósito diseñar un instrumento para la valoración de las prácticas de enseñanza en educación secundaria, a través de la opinión de los estudiantes. El modelo conceptual que sustentó su diseño fue el Marco para la Enseñanza de Danielson, Edición 2013. El proceso de desarrollo implicó: (a) elaborar un banco de ítems y obtener las evidencias de validez de contenido; (b) reducir el número de ítems, mediante un proceso de optimización de la medida; (c) generar evidencias de validez de constructo a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Como resultado se obtuvo un instrumento de 30 ítems a través de los cuales se valoran tres de las cuatro dimensiones del marco de Danielson: (1) Calidad de la planeación y preparación de las actividades docentes, (2) Clima de aula, y (3) Enseñanza o instrucción.ABSTRACT The quality of teaching practices is one of the main school factors that influence the success or failure of student learning. To strengthen the work of teachers in classroom is necessary to assess their professional practice. This study was conducted with the purpose of designing an instrument for assessing the performance of teachers of secondary education, through the opinions of their students. The conceptual model used was Danielson´s Teaching Framework, Edition 2013. The development process committed: (a) to elaborate an item pool and identify evidence of content validity; (b) to reduce the number of items using an optimization process measurement; (c) to obtain evidence of construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis. The product obtained was an instrument of 30 items, which allow us to evaluate three of the four dimensions of Danielson framework: (1) Quality Planning and preparation of teaching activities, (2) Classroom climate, and (3) Teaching or instruction.
From the editors
Authors: Value Language 
Published: December 2018

From the Editors
MULTIMODAL MEANS OF INSTRUCTION: BROADENING ACADEMIC LITERACIES AND PRACTICES
Departing from the concept of multimodality as “a field of application rather than a theory” (Bezemer and Jewitt 2010: 180), the current volume aims at presenting multimodal practices in different learning environments. Multimodal means of instruction can overtly change communication landscapes in terms of spaces and texts. In this volume, new academic identities are revised departing from multimodal texts (visual texts, written texts that use images, written texts that discuss visuals, etc.) which combine with the primary aim of generating meaning.
PowerPoint Presentations in the classroom: Re-evaluating the genre
Authors: D'Angelo Larissa 
Published: December 2018

Author/s
Larissa D’AngeloDepartment of Foreign Languages, Literatures and CulturesUniversity of Bergamo, Italy

ABSTRACT
Since the late 1990s, Microsoft PowerPoint has become the expected presentation genre. However, several studies have demonstrated its many faults, such as the pre-formatted construction of discourse leading to the abuse of bullet point presentations, the limited format and size of slides that support minimum content and the ever-present risk of overwhelming viewers with too much text or data (Alley 2003, 2004, Robertshaw 2004, Gottlieb 1985, Keller 2003, Tufte 2003). Taking into consideration how the linguistic and visual elements, as well as the design and text organizations found in PowerPoint presentations have evolved in the last 20 years, the present paper analyses the negative effects that the default slide structure provided by Microsoft PPT, consisting of topic-subtopics and bullet points, has on the audience. The paper will then demonstrate the positive learning effects that the assertion evidence structure has on readers. The different retaining degree of three groups of undergraduate students are tested, after having exposed them to PPTs applying phrase headlines, phrase headlines and images or the assertion evidence structure.
Teacher’s feedback vs. computer-generated feedback: A focus on articles
Authors: Lvalue Lvalue , Hernández Puertas Tamara 
Published: December 2018

Author/s
Tamara Hernández PuertasEscuela Oficial de Idiomas (Castellón), Spain

ABSTRACT
As attested by a vast number of studies, in the process of second/foreign language acquisition feedback plays an important role as it may trigger learners’ noticing of the mismatch between their interlanguage and the target language (Schmidt 1990). In foreign language classrooms, feedback on written production may not be properly provided due to a large number of students or time constraints (Chacón-Beltrán 2017). In this sense, the use of new technologies in the classroom may help both the teacher in the correction process and the student in his/her language development. In the present study we aim to compare feedback provided by the teacher and feedback provided by the software Grammar Checker (Lawley 2015). One group of English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) students received teacher’s feedback on their mistakes on articles in their written production whereas a second group obtained feedback on the same grammar aspect by means of the above-mentioned software. The control group did not obtain feedback on their errors. Results show statistically significant differences in the last composition for the group who received teacher’s feedback, although this feedback did not have a lasting effect in the tailor-made delayed test. In light of these findings, we may claim that the use of Grammar Checker as a potential tool for self-correction and feedback may facilitate students’ language development, at least on the grammar aspect under analysis.
Comparisons of adaptive fault‐tolerant insensitive control methods for a class of linear systems
Authors: Jin Xiao‐Zheng , Lü Shao‐Yu , Tan Qi , Guan Wei , Du Ying‐Kui 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of fault‐tolerant insensitive control is addressed for a class of linear time‐invariant continuous‐time systems against bounded time‐varying actuator faults and controller gain variations. Adaptive mechanisms are developed to adjust controller gains in order to compensate for the detrimental effects of partial loss of control effectiveness and bias‐actuator faults. Variations of controller gains arise from time‐varying and bounded perturbations that are supposed to always exist in adaptive mechanisms. Based on the disturbed outputs of adaptive mechanisms, three different adaptive control strategies are constructed to achieve bounded stability results of the closed‐loop adaptive fault‐tolerant control systems in the presence of actuator faults and controller gain variations. Furthermore, comparisons of convergence boundaries of states and limits of control inputs among adaptive strategies are developed in this paper. The efficiency of the proposed adaptive control strategies and their comparisons are demonstrated by a rocket fairing structural‐acoustic model.
Electrolyte‐Gated n‐Type Transistors Produced from Aqueous Inks of WS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Higgins Thomas M. , Finn Sean , Matthiesen Maik , Grieger Sebastian , Synnatschke Kevin , Brohmann Maximilian , Rother Marcel , Backes Claudia , Zaumseil Jana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSolution‐processed, low cost thin films of layered semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are potential candidates for future printed electronics. Here, n‐type electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs) based on porous WS2 nanosheet networks as the semiconductor are demonstrated. The WS2 nanosheets are liquid phase exfoliated to form aqueous/surfactant stabilized inks, and deposited at low temperatures (T < 120 °C) in ambient atmosphere by airbrushing. No solvent exchange, further additives, or complicated processing steps are required. While the EGTs are primarily n‐type (electron accumulation), some hole transport is also observable. The EGTs show current modulations > 104 with low hysteresis, channel width‐normalized on‐conductances of up to 0.27 µS µm−1 and estimated electron mobilities around 0.01 cm2 V−1 s−1. In addition, the WS2 nanosheet networks exhibit relatively high volumetric capacitance values of 30 F cm−3. Charge transport within the network depends significantly on the applied lateral electric field and is thermally activated, which supports the notion that hopping between nanosheets is a major limiting factor for these networks and their future application.
Nanomaterial Manipulation of Immune Microenvironment in the Diseased Liver
Authors: Hu Mengying , Huang Leaf 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe liver contains intricate immunological mechanisms, capable of inducing both immune activation and suppression for the maintenance of a homeostatic immune environment. From an immunological point of view, chronic liver disease is indeed a result of the imbalance of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses. Therefore, application of immunotherapy in liver diseases is logical and contains a huge potential for future development. Despite rapid advances in immunotherapy, research at the interdisciplinary interface of immunology and material science is important for further enhancement of immunotherapeutic efficiency and reduction of side effects. Moreover, the liver is particularly suitable for the application of nanomaterial‐based immunotherapy due to its biological filtration function to sequester a majority of administrated nanoparticles from systemic circulation. Here, an insight of advanced liver diseases and how liver cells exert their immune functions in the diseased liver is summarized first to provide basic principles for therapeutic application, followed by an overview of the latest studies on nanomaterial‐based immunotherapy for liver diseases.
High‐Performance, Transparent Thin Film Hydrogen Gas Sensor Using 2D Electron Gas at Interface of Oxide Thin Film Heterostructure Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Kim Sung Min , Kim Hye Ju , Jung Hae Jun , Park Ji‐Yong , Seok Tae Jun , Choa Yong‐Ho , Park Tae Joo , Lee Sang Woon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA high‐performance, transparent, and extremely thin (<15 nm) hydrogen (H2) gas sensor is developed using 2D electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of an Al2O3/TiO2 thin film heterostructure grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD), without using an epitaxial layer or a single crystalline substrate. Palladium nanoparticles (≈2 nm in thickness) are used on the surface of the Al2O3/TiO2 thin film heterostructure to detect H2. This extremely thin gas sensor can be fabricated on general substrates such as a quartz, enabling its practical application. Interestingly, the electron density of the Al2O3/TiO2 thin film heterostructure can be tailored using ALD process temperature in contrast to 2DEG at the epitaxial interfaces of the oxide heterostructures such as LaAlO3/SrTiO3. This tunability provides the optimal electron density for H2 detection. The Pd/Al2O3/TiO2 sensor detects H2 gas quickly with a short response time of <30 s at 300 K which outperforms conventional H2 gas sensors, indicating that heating modules are not required for the rapid detection of H2. A wide bandgap (>3.2 eV) with the extremely thin film thickness allows for a transparent sensor (transmittance of 83% in the visible spectrum) and this fabrication scheme enables the development of flexible gas sensors.