bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobilizing civil society for the HIV treatment cascade: a global analysis on democracy and its association with people living with HIV who know their status
Authors: Tan Rayner KJ , Wong Chen Seong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionCivil society organizations (CSOs) play an essential role in the global HIV/AIDS response. Past studies have described the beneficial role of CSOs in meeting the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90‐90‐90 target, but have not explored how political conditions, which influence the ability of CSOs to organize, have an impact on the cascade. This study explores the relationship between measures of democracy and its association with diagnosis rates among people living with HIV (PLHIV).MethodsThis study analyses 2016 data derived from the Economist Intelligence Unit's Democracy Index (EIUDI), UNAIDS country estimates for PLHIV and PLHIV who knew their status in 2016, World Bank's 2016 data on nominal gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and country population, HIV Justice Network's 2016 data on HIV criminalization, and country‐level estimates for PLHIV, PLHIV who know their status, and expenditure on HIV prevention from other independent sources. An estimated HIV prevalence variable was constructed by dividing the estimated PLHIV population with the total population of a country. Analyses were limited to countries with available data on PLHIV who know their status (n = 111).ResultsOf the 111 countries in the analytic sample, the mean democracy index score was 5.93 (of the 10), median estimated HIV prevalence was 0.20% (IQR 0.10‐0.65), median GDP per capita (in thousands, US dollar) was 4.88 (IQR 2.11‐13.79), and mean PLHIV who know their status is 67.12%. Preliminary analysis on the five component measures of the EIUDI revealed multicollinearity, and thus the composite democracy index score was used as the measure for democracy. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that democracy index scores (β = 2.10, SE = 1.02, p = 0.04) and GDP per capita (in thousands; β = 0.34. SE = 0.11, p < 0.01) were positively associated with diagnosis rates among PLHIV, controlling for country‐level expenditure on HIV prevention, HIV criminalization laws and estimated HIV prevalence.ConclusionsResults indicate that higher levels of democracy were positively associated with rates of diagnosis among PLHIV. Further analyses following wider implementation of universal testing and treatment is warranted, as well as the need for further research on the mechanisms through which political cultures specifically influence rates of diagnosis among PLHIV.
Frontline Science: Exhaustion and senescence marker profiles on human T cells in BRGSF-A2 humanized mice resemble those in human samples
Authors: Labarthe Laura , Henriquez Soledad , Lambotte Olivier , Di Santo James P. , Le Grand Roger , Pflumio Françoise , Arcangeli Marie-Laure , Legrand Nicolas , Bourgeois Christine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This work sought to confirm the human-like expression of exhaustion and senescence markers in a mouse model with a humanized immune system (HIS): the Balb/c Rag2KO IL2rgcKO SirpαNOD Flk2KO HLA-A2HHD (BRGSF-A2) mouse reconstituted with human CD34+ cord blood cells. With regard to senescence markers, the percentage of CD57+ T cells was higher in the bone marrow (BM) than in the spleen or blood. The same was true for KLRG1+ hCD8+ T cells. With regard to exhaustion markers, the percentage of programmed death 1 (PD-1+) T cells was higher in the BM than in the spleen or blood; the same was true for TIGIT+ hCD4+ cells. These tissue-specific differences were related to both higher proportions of memory T cells in BM and intrinsic differences in expression within the memory fraction. In blood samples from HIS mice and healthy human donors (HDs), we found that the percentage of KLRG1+ cells among hCD8+ T cells was lower in HIS compared to HDs. The opposite was true for CD4+ T cells. Unexpectedly, a high frequency of KLRG1+ cells was observed among naive T cells in HIS mice. CD57 expression on T cells was similar in blood samples from HIS mice and HDs. Likewise, PD-1 expression was similar in the two systems, although a relatively low proportion of HIS hCD4+ T cells expressed TIGIT. The BRGSF-A2 HIS mouse's exhaustion and senescence profile was tissue specific and relatively human like; hence, this mouse might be a valuable tool for determining the preclinical efficacy of immunotherapies.
Stationary and non‐stationary detection of extreme precipitation events and trends of average precipitation from 1980 to 2010 in the Paraná River basin, Brazil
Authors: Xavier Ana Carolina Freitas , Rudke Anderson Paulo , Fujita Thais , Blain Gabriel Constantino , de Morais Marcos Vinicius Bueno , de Almeida Daniela Sanches , Rafee Sameh Adib Abou , Martins Leila Droprinchinski , de Souza Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira , de Freitas Edimilson Dias , Martins Jorge Alberto 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to investigate the trends on average and extreme events in time series of daily precipitation from 1980 to 2010 in the Paraná River basin, Brazil. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall test was applied to detect monotonic trend in the precipitation series. The occurrence of extreme values was analysed based on three generalized extreme values (GEV) models: Model 1 (stationary), Model 2 (non‐stationary for location parameter), and Model 3 (non‐stationary for location and scale parameters). The GEV parameters were estimated by the Generalized Maximum Likelihood method (GMLE) and for the non‐stationary models, the parameters were estimated as linear functions of time. To choose the most suitable model, the maximum likelihood ratio test (D) was used. From the results observed at the monthly scale, it was possible to infer that the months with the highest probability of an extreme weather event occurrence are February (climates Aw and Cfa), July (Cfa and Cfb), and October (Aw, Cfa, and Cfb). Approximately 90% of the 1,112 stations presented no trend regarding the GEV parameters. The non‐stationarity showed by other stations (Models 2 and 3) might be associated with several factors, such as the alteration of land use due to the north expansion of the agricultural border of the Paraná River basin.
Elucidation of Interactions between l‐Ascorbic Acid and Mixed Micellar Aggregates of Catanionic {Sodium Dodecylsulfate + Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide} Surfactants via Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Banipal Parampaul K. , Sohal Pallavi , Arti Sonika , Banipal Tarlok S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSurfactant micelles mimic the microenvironment present in biological systems and can act as a medium for antioxidant studies. Moreover, the thermodynamic profile of micellization and spectroscopic studies provides very good information about interactions in these systems. Thus, the mixed micellar behavior of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at varying mole fractions of SDS was studied in (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) mol kg−1 ʟ‐ascorbic acid(aq) solutions with the aid of various techniques viz., conductivity, density and sound velocity, and spectroscopy. From the CMC values of the mixed surfactants, the degree of ionization (β) and thermodynamic parameters (, , and ) were evaluated at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K. The UV absorption spectra were recorded in (1–3) × 10−4 mol kg−1 ʟ‐ascorbic acid(aq) solutions at various mole fractions of SDS. The proton (1H) NMR spectra of mixed (SDS + CTAB) surfactants were studied in (0.01–0.03) mol kg−1 ʟ‐ascorbic acid solutions. Hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) of mixed micellar aggregates were obtained from the dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. The present studies suggest the predominance of ionic‐hydrophilic interactions between the ionic head groups {O‐SO3− or N+ (CH3)3} of surfactants and the polar (–OH, –C=O and –O–) sites of ʟ‐ascorbic acid.
Prognostic Implications of a Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Examination on Hospital Ward Admission
Authors: Kimura Bruce J. , Lou May M. , Dahms Eric B. , Han Paul J. , Waalen Jill 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesFew data exist regarding the use of ultrasound (US) to risk stratify ward admissions. Therefore, we evaluated associations between a cardiopulmonary limited ultrasound examination (CLUE) on admission and subsequent hospital outcomes.MethodsOver a 22‐month period in a 300‐bed hospital, CLUE data reviewed from a series of nonelective ward admissions were correlated with the composite outcome of a hospital stay of longer than 2 days, disposition to hospice, or death. The CLUE included 5 quick‐look signs of left ventricular dysfunction, left atrial enlargement, lung B‐lines, pleural effusions, and inferior vena cava plethora and had been performed as warranted by 1 of 31 US‐trained admitting residents and then repeated by a cardiologist as the reference standard. The admitting condition, medical history, results of routine admission testing, and CLUE were assessed for an association with the outcome in univariate and multivariable models.ResultsOf 547 patients, the mean age ± SD was 62.9 ± 15.5 years; 59% were male; and the mean stay was 5.6 ± 8.1 days, with 355 (65%) lasting longer than 2 days and 21 (4%) having hospice disposition or death. An abnormal CLUE exam was found in 368 (67%) of patients, was related to the outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–2.68; P = .001) when obtained by a resident or cardiologist, and was included in a best‐fit multivariable model with renal failure (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.44–4.14; P < .001), infection/sepsis (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17–4.32; P = .02), and chest pain (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.21–0.61; P < .001).ConclusionsAn abnormal admission point of care ultrasound exam was related to complex hospitalization, specifically a longer length of stay.
Radiomics for the prediction of EGFR mutation subtypes in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Shu , Ding Changwei , Zhang Hao , Song Jiangdian , Wu Lei 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThis retrospective study was designed to investigate the ability of radiomics to predict the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) subtypes (19Del and L858R) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsIn total, 312 patients with NSCLC were included, and 580 radiomic features were extracted from the computed tomography images of each patient. In the training set, univariate analysis was performed on the clinical and radiomic features; logistic regression models were established using a 5‐fold cross validation strategy for the prediction of EGFR subtypes 19Del and L858R. Subsequently, the predictive ability of the joint models was evaluated using the test set.ResultsThe results revealed that the radiomic features specific for EGFR 19Del and L858R were Gabor’s MTRVariance, Gabor’s PTREntropy, and sphericity. Additionally, the respective areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the EGFR 19Del and L858R joint models were 0.7925 and 0.7750 for the test set.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated the potential for radiomics to predict EGFR 19Del and L858R. Epidermal growth factor receptor 19Del and L858R exhibited distinct imaging phenotypes, which may help to guide the selection of more accurate and personalized treatment programs for patients with NSCLC.
Technical Note: Monte Carlo methods to comprehensively evaluate the robustness of 4D treatments in proton therapy
Authors: Souris Kevin , Barragan Montero Ana , Janssens Guillaume , Di Perri Dario , Sterpin Edmond , Lee John A. 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionProton therapy is very sensitive to treatment uncertainties. These uncertainties can induce proton range variations and may lead to severe dose distortions. However, most commercial tools only offer a limited integration of these uncertainties during treatment planning. In order to verify the robustness of a treatment plan, this study aims at developing a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation of the treatment delivery, including the simulation of setup and range errors, variation of the breathing motion, and interplay effect.MethodMost clinically relevant uncertainties have been modeled and implemented in the fast Monte Carlo dose engine MCsquare. Especially, variation of the breathing motion is taken into account by deforming the initial Four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) series and generating multiple new 4DCT series with scaled motion. Systematic and random errors are randomly sampled, following a Monte Carlo approach, to generate individual erroneous treatment scenarios. The robustness of treatment plans is analyzed and reported with dose‐volume histogram (DVH) bands. The statistical uncertainty coming from the Monte Carlo scenario sampling is studied.ResultsA validation demonstrated the ability of the motion model to generate new 4DCT series with scaled motion amplitude and improved image quality in comparison to the initial 4DCT. The robustness analysis is applied to a lung tumor treatment. Considering the proposed uncertainty model, the simulation of 300 treatment scenarios was necessary to reach an acceptable level of statistical uncertainty on the DVH band.ConclusionA comprehensive and statistically sound method of treatment plan robustness verification is proposed. The uncertainty model presented in this paper is not specific to protons and can also be applied to photon treatments. Moreover, the generated 4DCT series, with scaled motion, can be imported in commercial TPSs.
NMR characterization of rearranged staurosporine aglycone analogues from the marine sponge Damiria sp.
Authors: Tran Trong D. , Cartner Laura K. , Bokesch Heidi R. , Henrich Curtis J. , Wang Xin W. , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Ruchirawat Somsak , Kittakoop Prasat , O'Keefe Barry R. , Gustafson Kirk R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe indolocarbazole family of bisindole alkaloids is best known for the natural product staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor that belongs to the indolo[2,3‐a]carbazole structural class. A large number of other indolo[2,3‐a]carbazoles have subsequently been isolated and identified, but other isomeric forms of indolocarbazole natural products have rarely been reported. An extract of the marine sponge Damiria sp., which represents an understudied genus, provided two novel alkaloids named damirines A (1) and B (2). Their structures were assigned by comprehensive NMR spectroscopic analyses, and for compound 2, this included application of the LR‐HSQMBC pulse sequence, a long‐range heteronuclear correlation experiment that has particular utility for defining proton‐deficient scaffolds. The damirines represent a new hexacyclic carbon–nitrogen framework comprised of an indolo[3,2‐a]carbazole fused with either an aminoimidazole or a imidazolone ring. Compound 1 showed selective cytotoxic properties toward six different cell lines in the NCI‐60 cancer screen.
Spatial repellency, antifeedant activity and toxicity of three medium chain fatty acids and their methyl esters of coconut fatty acid against stable flies
Authors: Roh Gwang H , Zhou Xiaaojie , Wang Yansu , Cermak Steven C , Kenar James A , Lehmann Alexander , Han Baoyu , Taylor David B , Zeng Xiaopeng , Park Chung Gyoo , Brewer Gary J , Zhu Junwei J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDStable flies are one of the most detrimental arthropod pests to livestock. With changing climates and agronomic practices, they expand their roles as pests and disease vectors as well. Their painful bites reduce livestock productivity, annoy companion animals, and interfere with human recreational activities. Current management technologies are unable to effectively control stable flies. The present study reports new results concerning the contact, spatial repellency, and toxicity of a bio‐based product, coconut fatty acid and their methyl ester derivatives of free fatty acids of C8:0, C10:0 and C12:0 to stable flies.RESULTSThree medium chain fatty acid methyl esters (C8:0, C10:0 and C12:0) showed strong antifeedant activity against stable flies and their strengths were dose‐dependent. Only the C8:0 acid, C8:0‐ and C10:0 methyl esters elicited significant antennal responses. Laboratory single cage olfactometer bioassays revealed that coconut fatty acid and C8:0 methyl ester displayed active spatial repellency. All three methyl esters showed strong toxicity against stable flies.CONCLUSIONAntifeedant activity is the main method through which coconut fatty acid deters stable fly blood‐feeding. The C8:0, C10:0 and C12:0 methyl esters act not only as strong antifeedants, but also possess strong toxicity against stable fly adults. Limited spatial repellency was observed from coconut fatty acid and C8:0 methyl ester. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Connected Reading: A Framework for Understanding How Adolescents Encounter, Evaluate, and Engage With Texts in the Digital Age
Authors: Turner Kristen Hawley , Hicks Troy , Zucker Lauren 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince the emergence of the World Wide Web and e‐reading devices in the late 1990s and early 2000s, reading research has focused on issues of website credibility, search and navigation strategies, and the ability to comprehend text on‐screen as compared with in print. What has been missing, however, are data about the specific texts that adolescents are reading in these digital spaces, what devices they prefer, and the strategies that they employ. Drawing from survey data (N = 804) and interviews (n = 23) with participants in grades 7–12 from 12 suburban, urban, and rural schools across the United States, the authors sought to explore what, where, and how adolescents read digitally. The authors propose a new framework of connected reading, a model of print and digital reading comprehension that conceptualizes readers’ interactions with digital texts through encountering (the ways in which readers seek or receive digital texts), evaluating (the ways in which readers make judgments about the usefulness of digital texts), and engaging (the ways in which readers interact with and share digital texts). In light of the findings, the authors argue that it is imperative to reframe discussions about how adolescents are taught to comprehend and interact with a variety of digital texts (e.g., webpages, e‐books, multimedia, social media).
Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Cyclometalated Rhodium and Iridium Complexes to Cyan Emitting Copper Nanoclusters: Footsteps toward Light Harvesting
Authors: Bhunia Soumyadip , Seth Sourav Kanti , Gupta Parna , Karmakar Manobina , Datta Prasanta Kumar , Purkayastha Pradipta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent times, copper nanocluster (Cu NC) has become a promising candidate as an interesting nanomaterial for its potential applications in optoelectronics, sensing, catalysis and bioimaging. Herein, we have synthesized L–Cysteine protected Cu NC in 1:1 water:acetonitrile (ACN) solvent possessing bright cyan emission (λem=495 nm) with 10.4% quantum yield. Furthermore, the cyclometalated complexes of Ir(III) and Rh(III) are light harvesters, which are applied in photoinduced electron and energy transfer and photocatalysis. Three such cyclometalated complexes of Rh and Ir have been employed herein, which on electrostatic interaction with Cu NCs in 1:1 water:ACN medium, quench the fluorescence from Cu NC dramatically. This quenching could be suitably attributed to photoinduced electron transfer (PET) where Cu NC acts as an electron acceptor. PET has been confirmed by steady state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy as well as by ultrafast femtosecond upconversion and transient absorption spectroscopy.
Improved Thermal Cyclability of Tertiary Battery Made of Prussian Blue Analogues
Authors: Takahara Izumi , Shibata Takayuki , Fukuzumi Yuya , Moritomo Yutaka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTertiary battery is charged by the environmental heat, not by the electric energy, by using the difference (Δα) in the thermal coefficient (α=dV/dT) of redox potential (V) between the anode and cathode materials. The thermal cyclability is not good in the prototypical NaxCo[Fe(CN)6]0.71 (NCF71)/NaxCo[Fe(CN)6]0.90 (NCF90) tertiary battery. Here, we significantly improved the thermal cyclability of the tertiary battery with using Ni‐substituted NaxNi[Fe(CN)6]0.68 (NNF68). The Ni‐substituted NNF68/NCF90 tertiary battery shows good thermal cyclability: both the cell voltage and capacity essentially unchanged up to the 10th thermal cycles.
Text mining in education
Authors: Ferreira‐Mello Rafael , André Máverick , Pinheiro Anderson , Costa Evandro , Romero Cristobal 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe explosive growth of online education environments is generating a massive volume of data, specially in text format from forums, chats, social networks, assessments, essays, among others. It produces exciting challenges on how to mine text data in order to find useful knowledge for educational stakeholders. Despite the increasing number of educational applications of text mining published recently, we have not found any paper surveying them. In this line, this work presents a systematic overview of the current status of the Educational Text Mining field. Our final goal is to answer three main research questions: Which are the text mining techniques most used in educational environments? Which are the most used educational resources? And which are the main applications or educational goals? Finally, we outline the conclusions and the more interesting future trends.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Education and Learning
Ensemble Methods > Text Mining
Influence of Elevated Temperatures on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of C106 Copper Investigated by In Situ Heated Stage EBSD Analysis
Authors: Taylor S. , Masters I. , Li Z. , Kotadia H. R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study presents two analogs of extant industrial thermomechanical cycles to look at the microstructural evolution of C106 phosphorous deoxidized copper throughout. Vickers hardness testing was employed to assess the influence on post-formed mechanical properties. In situ heated stage EBSD analyses using a Carl Zeiss Sigma FEGSEM and Gatan Murano heated stage were employed to establish the temperature region where recrystallization initiates to better understand results from bulk post facto EBSD analysis.
A holistic engineering approach to aeronautical product development
Authors: Staack I. , Amadori K. , Jouannet C. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTProduct development, especially in aerospace, has become more and more interconnected with its operational environment. In a constant changing world, the operational environment will be subjected to changes during the life cycle of the product. The operational environment will be affected by not only technical and non-technical perturbations, but also economical, managerial and regulatory decisions, thus requiring a more global product development approach. One way to try tackling such complex and intertwined problem advocates studying the envisioned product or system in the context of system of systems (SoS) engineering. SoSs are all around us, probably in any field of engineering, ranging from integrated transport systems, public infrastructure systems to modern homes equipped with sensors and smart appliances; from cities filling with autonomous vehicle to defence systems.Since also aerospace systems are certainly affected, this work will present a holistic approach to aerospace product development that tries spanning from needs to technology assessment. The proposed approach will be presented and analysed and key enablers and future research directions will be highlighted from an interdisciplinary point of view. Consideration of the surrounding world will require to look beyond classical engineering disciplines.