bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food and Drug Administration, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Academy of Optometry, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Optometric Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, and Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists Co-Sponsored Workshop: Controlling the Progression of Myopia: Contact Lenses and Future Medical Devices
Authors: Walline Jeffrey J. , Robboy Marc W. , Hilmantel Gene , Tarver Michelle E. , Afshari Natalie A. , Dhaliwal Deepinder K. , Morse Christie L. , Quinn Christopher J. , Repka Michael X. , Eydelman Malvina B. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:
The prevalence of myopia is high and increasing. Approximately 5 billion people around the world are expected to be myopic by the year 2050. Methods to slow the progression of myopia and therefore potentially decrease the associated sight-threatening complications have been the subject of a number of investigations. A workshop, sponsored by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Devices and Radiological Health, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Academy of Optometry, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Optometric Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, and Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Inc, convened myopia experts from around the world to discuss principles to consider in the design of clinical trials investigating the effectiveness and safety of myopia control devices. Experts discussed parameters such as study endpoints, duration, enrollment criteria, patient-reported outcomes, recruitment, and retention. The discussions among the experts, FDA, and audience members should help to facilitate the development and evaluation of reasonably safe and effective myopia control devices.
Therapeutic Effects of Topical 8-Oxo-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine on Ethanol-Induced Ocular Chemical Injury Models
Authors: Im Sang-Taek , Kim Hee Yeon , Yoon Jin Young , Oh Joo Youn , Kim Mee Kum , Chung Myung-Hee , Paik Hae Jung , Kim Dong Hyun 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the therapeutic effects of topical 8-oxo-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) on experimental ocular chemical injury models.

Methods:
We created ocular chemical injury models with 8-week-old BALB/c mice (n = 70) by applying 100% ethanol; the mice were then treated with 8-oxo-dG eye drops 10 and 5 mg/mL and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) twice daily. After 7 days, clinical findings such as corneal integrity, clarity, and neovascularization were assessed. Histology, immunohistochemistry findings, and inflammatory cytokine levels using real-time polymerase chain reactions in the corneas of the mice were also analyzed.

Results:
Topical application of 8-oxo-dG eye drops resulted in a significant improvement of epithelial defects and clarity, dose dependently (each P < 0.001). Inflammatory cell infiltration and corneal stromal edema were also decreased in the 8-oxo-dG-treated mice compared with PBS-treated controls, based on hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expressions of F4/80 and neutrophil elastase–positive inflammatory cells and IL-1 and TNF-α cytokine levels were significantly reduced in the 8-oxo-dG group compared with the PBS group (each P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Topical 8-oxo-dG application showed an excellent therapeutic effect in ocular chemical injury models by suppressing inflammation.
Long-Term Tolerability and Safety of Pharmacological Treatment of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Edvinsson Dan , Ekselius Lisa 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder typically treated with stimulants and atomoxetine. Data on long-term tolerability and safety of such pharmacological treatment in subjects diagnosed in adulthood are limited.

Methods
A cohort of adults diagnosed with ADHD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria was followed-up on an average of 6 years after first evaluation. Of 168 adults, 112 (67%) who initiated medication were available for follow-up. Data were obtained from patient record data, self-report forms, and a telephone interview.

Results
Of the 112 participants assessed, 57 (51%) were still on treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) at follow-up and 55 (49%) had discontinued. The 3 leading reasons for discontinuing treatment with MPH were lack of effect (29%), elevated mood or hypomania (11%), and losing contact with the prescribing physician (9%). The most common adverse effects in subjects still on treatment with MPH were decreased appetite (28%), dry mouth (24%), anxiousness/restlessness and increased pulse frequency (19% each), decreased sexual desire (17%), and perspiration (15%). Subjects still on treatment reported increased quality of life, a higher level of functioning, and a greater understanding of their way of functioning from those being close compared with nonmedicated subjects.

Conclusions
The high attrition rate underscores the need for further research to identify possible modes to increase retention to treatment. Those diagnosed with ADHD and on long-term treatment with stimulants experience mild and tolerable adverse effects.
Intensive Care Mortality Prognostic Model for Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension*
Authors: Balkin Emily Morell , Zinter Matt S. , Rajagopal Satish K. , Keller Roberta L. , Fineman Jeffrey R. , Steurer Martina A. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
The disease burden and mortality of children with pulmonary hypertension are significantly higher than for the general PICU population. We aimed to develop a risk-adjustment tool predicting PICU mortality for pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients: the Pediatric Index of Pulmonary Hypertension Intensive Care Mortality score.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected multicenter pediatric critical care data.

Setting:
One-hundred forty-three centers submitting data to Virtual Pediatric Systems database between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2015.

Patients:
Patients 21 years old or younger with a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension.

Interventions:
Twenty-one demographic, diagnostic, and physiologic variables obtained within 12 hours of PICU admission were assessed for inclusion. Multivariable logistic regression with stepwise selection was performed to develop the final model. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the Pediatric Index of Pulmonary Hypertension Intensive Care Mortality score with Pediatric Risk of Mortality 3 and Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 scores.

Measurements and Main Results:
Fourteen-thousand two-hundred sixty-eight admissions with a diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension were included. Primary outcome was PICU mortality. Fourteen variables were selected for the final model: age, bradycardia, systolic hypotension, tachypnea, pH, Fio
2, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, mechanical ventilation, nonelective admission, previous PICU admission, PICU admission due to nonsurgical cardiovascular disease, and cardiac arrest immediately prior to admission. The receiver operating characteristic curve for the Pediatric Index of Pulmonary Hypertension Intensive Care Mortality model (area under the curve = 0.77) performed significantly better than the receiver operating characteristic curves for Pediatric Risk of Mortality 3 (area under the curve = 0.71; p < 0.001) and Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (area under the curve = 0.69; p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions:
The Pediatric Index of Pulmonary Hypertension Intensive Care Mortality score is a parsimonious model that performs better than Pediatric Risk of Mortality 3 and Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 for mortality in a multicenter cohort of pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients admitted to PICUs. Application of the Pediatric Index of Pulmonary Hypertension Intensive Care Mortality model to pulmonary hypertension patients in the PICU might facilitate earlier identification of patients at high risk for mortality and improve the ability to prognosticate for patients and families.
Quantitative Evaluation of Lower Extremity Joint Contractures in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Implications for Motor Function
Authors: Salazar Rachel , Montes Jacqueline , Dunaway Young Sally , McDermott Michael P. , Martens William , Pasternak Amy , Quigley Janet , Mirek Elizabeth , Glanzman Allan M. , Civitello Matt , Gee Richard , Duong Tina , Mazzone Elena S. , Main Marion , Mayhew Anna , Ramsey Danielle , Muni Lofra Robert , Coratti Giorgia , Fanelli Lavinia , De Sanctis Roberto , Forcina Nicola , Chiriboga Claudia , Darras Basil T. , Tennekoon Gihan I. , Scoto Mariacristina , Day John W. , Finkel Richard , Muntoni Francesco , Mercuri Eugenio , De Vivo Darryl C. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To quantitatively describe passive lower extremity range of motion in participants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) types 2 and 3, and to establish preliminary thresholds to identify individuals at risk for performing poorly on disease-specific motor function outcome measures.

Methods:
Eighty participants with SMA types 2 and 3, enrolled in an international multicenter natural history study, were evaluated with lower extremity range of motion testing and the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded.

Results:
A hip extension joint angle of −7.5° or less for SMA type 2 and 0° or less for SMA type 3 identified diminished motor ability with good sensitivity. For knee extension, a joint angle of −9.0° or less for SMA type 2 or 0° or less for SMA type 3 was similarly sensitive.

Conclusions:
Minimal hip and knee joint contractures were associated with diminished motor ability. Clinical trial designs should consider the effect of contractures on motor function.
Informing the Update to the Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Heidenreich Emily , Johnson Robert , Sargent Barbara 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To systematically review the recent evidence on physical therapy (PT) diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention of congenital muscular torticollis to inform the update to the PT management of congenital muscular torticollis evidence-based clinical practice guideline.

Methods:
From 2012 to 2017, 7 databases were searched for studies that informed PT diagnosis, prognosis, or intervention of infants and children with congenital muscular torticollis. Studies were appraised for risk of bias and quality.

Results:
Twenty studies were included. No studies informed PT diagnosis. Fourteen studies informed prognosis, including factors associated with presence of a sternocleidomastoid lesion, extent of symptom resolution, treatment duration, adherence to intervention, cervical spine outcomes, and motor outcome. Six studies informed intervention including stretching frequency, microcurrent, kinesiology tape, group therapy, and postoperative PT.

Conclusions:
New evidence supports that low birth weight, breech presentation, and motor asymmetry are prognostic factors associated with longer treatment duration. Higher-level evidence is emerging for microcurrent intervention.
Reliability of StepWatch Activity Monitor to Measure Locomotor Activity in Youth With Lower Limb Salvage
Authors: Braun Saori , Bjornson Kristie , Dillon-Naftolin Erin , Sheiko Melissa , Song Kit , Kang Minsoo 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
The study purpose was to determine the minimum number of monitoring days necessary to reliably capture walking among individuals with lower limb salvage.

Methods:
Nineteen participants with lower limb salvage wore an ankle-mounted motion sensor over a 7-day period to obtain step counts. Generalizability theory was used to examine the variance components in step counts (G study) and to determine the appropriate length of activity monitoring using various combinations of days (D study).

Results:
Mean step counts were higher on weekends than on weekdays. Fifty percent of the total variance in step counts was accounted for by interindividual variability in walking (D study). Eighty percent was reached individually with 4 weekdays, 2 weekend days, or 3 week days + weekend days.

Conclusion:
The study provides data for an appropriate monitoring method to track walking outcomes of rehabilitation for individuals with lower limb salvage.
Perceived Benefits of Collaboration Between Local Health Departments and Schools and Programs of Public Health: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Kovach Kevin A. , Welter Christina R. , Seweryn Steven M. , Torres Griselle 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
Collaboration between local health departments (LHDs) and schools and programs of public health (SPPH) may be a way to improve practice, education, and research. However, little is known about why LHDs and SPPH collaborate. This mixed-methods study addressed this issue by exploring what LHDs and SPPH perceive to be beneficial about their collaboration.

Methods:
A mixed-methods study using quantitative and qualitative data was conducted. A survey of 2000 LHDs that completed the 2013 National Profile of LHDs measured how important and effective LHDs perceived 30 indicators of the 10 essential public health services to be for collaboration with SPPH. Focus groups were held with LHD officials and the faculty from SPPH to further explore their perceptions of the mutual benefits of their collaboration.

Results:
This study showed that LHD officials and the faculty from SPPH valued their collaborative work because it can improve education and training, support public health accreditation, enhance LHD credibility, enhance LHD technological capabilities, and improve research and evidence-based practice. Benefits increased with an increase in the degree of collaboration. This also showed that LHD officials would like to collaborate more closely with SPPH.

Conclusion:
Collaboration between LHDs and SPPH is mutually beneficial, and close collaboration can help transform public health practice, education, and research. In light of this, more attention should be paid to developing goals and objectives for a collaborative agenda. Attention should be paid not only to the immediate needs of the organizations and individuals involved but also to their long-term goals and underlying desires. Funding opportunities to support the development of partnerships between LHDs and SPPH are needed to provide tangible tasks and opportunities for taking a more long-term and strategic view for collaborative relationships.
Minigrants to Local Health Departments: An Opportunity to Promote Climate Change Preparedness
Authors: Grossman Elena , Hathaway Michelle , Bush Kathleen F. , Cahillane Matthew , English Dorette Q. , Holmes Tisha , Moran Colleen E. , Uejio Christopher K. , York Emily A. , Dorevitch Samuel 
Published: June 2018

Context:
Human health is threatened by climate change. While the public health workforce is concerned about climate change, local health department (LHD) administrators have reported insufficient knowledge and resources to address climate change. Minigrants from state to LHDs have been used to promote a variety of local public health initiatives.

Objective:
To describe the minigrant approach used by state health departments implementing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) framework, to highlight successes of this approach in promoting climate change preparedness at LHDs, and to describe challenges encountered.

Design:
Cross-sectional survey and discussion.

Intervention:
State-level recipients of CDC funding issued minigrants to local public health entities to promote climate change preparedness, adaptation, and resilience.

Main Outcome Measures:
The amount of funding, number of LHDs funded per state, goals, selection process, evaluation process, outcomes, successes, and challenges of the minigrant programs.

Results:
Six state-level recipients of CDC funding for BRACE framework implementation awarded minigrants ranging from $7700 to $28 500 per year to 44 unique local jurisdictions. Common goals of the minigrants included capacity building, forging partnerships with entities outside of health departments, incorporating climate change information into existing programs, and developing adaptation plans. Recipients of minigrants reported increases in knowledge, engagement with diverse stakeholders, and the incorporation of climate change content into existing programs. Challenges included addressing climate change in regions where the topic is politically sensitive, as well as the uncertainty about the long-term sustainability of local projects beyond the term of minigrant support.

Conclusions:
Minigrants can increase local public health capacity to address climate change. Jurisdictions that wish to utilize minigrant mechanisms to promote climate change adaptation and preparedness at the local level may benefit from the experience of the 6 states and 44 local health programs described.
Association of Aortic Arch Width Assessed by Noncontrast Cardiac Computed Tomography With Cardiac Remodeling, Cardiac Function, and Atherosclerosis in a Japanese Cohort
Authors: Nguyen-Thu Huong , Ohyama Yoshiaki , Taketomi-Takahashi Ayako , Nguyen-Cong Tien , Sugimoto Akio , Sato Makito , Sumiyoshi Hisako , Nakamura Tetsuya , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Tsushima Yoshito 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
Age-related aortic changes are related to adverse cardiac remodeling and reduced cardiac function. Here, we aim to assess the correlations between aortic arch width (AAW) and left ventricular (LV) remodeling and LV function as well as coronary artery calcification (CAC).

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included 194 patients (ages, 67±12 y) who underwent both coronary computed tomography angiography and echocardiography. The AAW is defined as the longest width between the ascending and descending aorta on a transaxial noncontrast coronary computed tomography angiography image at the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation. Left ventricular mass, relative wall thickness ratio, left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial volume, and early mitral inflow velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity ratio (E/e’) were evaluated by echocardiography. CAC was assessed by Agatston score. The relationships between AAW and echocardiography parameters were assessed, and adjusted for demographic data and cardiovascular disease risk factors by multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results:
AAW (mean±SD, 11.6±1.4 cm) was positively correlated with left ventricular mass (r=0.28, P<0.0001), left atrial volume (r=0.28, P<0.0001), and E/e’ (r=0.21, P<0.01). These correlations remained significant after adjustment for demographic data and cardiovascular disease risk factors. There was no correlation between AAW and left ventricular ejection fraction or relative wall thickness. There was a significant difference of AAW between the groups with Agatston score <100 and those with Agatston score ≥100, and this difference persisted after adjustment for all covariates (P<0.01).

Conclusion:
Greater AAW was significantly associated with LV remodeling and impaired function as well as advanced CAC.
Effect of Piezoelectric Technique on Auditory Function on Postoperative Day One in Septorhinoplasty Surgery
Authors: Ilhan Adem Emre , Durna Yusuf Muhammed , Tekin Ahmet Mahmut , Yilmaz Fahrettin , Yilmaz Yetkin Zeki 
Published: June 2018

Aim:
To examine the effect of the piezoelectric application used increasingly for osteotomy and correction of nasal dorsum in septorhinoplasty surgeries on early auditory functions.

Methods:
Our study was conducted after the decision of 10840098-604.01.01-E.9057 taken from Istanbul Medipol University Clinical Research Local Ethics Committee. This study was designed to be prospective, randomized and controlled. Twenty patients between 18 and 50 years of age that piezoelectric technique was used in the study group and 10 patients in the same age range who underwent nasal surgery (endoscopic sinus surgery, septoplasty, lower concha radiofrequency and nasal valve surgery) for any reason in the control group were included in the study. Audiologic functions of the patients in both the groups were assessed by pure audio audiometry, tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission test before the surgery and 24 hours after the surgery. The data obtained were statistically compared using the SPSS 22.0 program and P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Twenty patients (5 males, 15 females) that piezoelectric (ultrasonics) technique was used during septorhinoplasty in the study group and 10 patients (5 males, 5 females) in the control group were included in the study. In the study and the control groups, preoperative and postoperative air/bone path thresholds at the right and left ears did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz. The results of distortion product otoacoustic emission results (signal/noise ratio) obtained postoperatively were not statistically significant (P > 0.05) with the results obtained preoperatively.

Conclusion:
The results of the study show that the piezoelectric technique used in septorhinoplasty does not cause a negative effect on auditory functions. This study is the first comparative study to investigate the effect of piezoelectric technique used in septorhinoplasty surgery on auditory functions. After further clinical studies performed with well-selected and large patient population, the piezoelectric techniques can be a preferred technique during septorhinoplasty operations.
Intracranial Hypotension and Hypertension Associated With Reconstructive Cranioplasty After Decompressive Craniectomy: Report of a Lethal Complication With Recommended Strategies for Future Avoidance
Authors: Dalle Ore Cecilia L. , Abraham Peter , Burns Luke P. , Lance Samuel , Gosman Amanda , Meltzer Hal S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Reconstructive cranioplasty can be associated with many complications and add to the not insignificant potential risks associated with decompressive craniectomy. In the setting of post-traumatic hydrocephalus, treatment with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt prior to reconstructive cranioplasty likely increases these risks even further. The authors report a case of a 17-year-old male with a history of a severe closed head injury who initially suffered a life-threatening complication associated with intracranial hypotension after cranioplasty only to succumb to malignant intracranial hypertension following a second cranioplasty attempt. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a single patient developing both these disparate complications after reconstructive cranioplasty and emphasizes the likely synergistic hazards involved with decompressive craniectomy in the setting of a VP shunt in particular and the overall myriad potential complications that may be associated with reconstructive cranioplasty in general.