bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluoride Concentration in Ground Water and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Enyew Habtamu Demelash , Beyene Abebe Hailu , Abebe Zewdu , Melese Addisu Dagnaw 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

High fluoride concentrations in ground water is a serious health, social and economic problem in developing countries. The Ethiopian Rift Valley is associated with high fluoride levels in ground water where deep wells are the major source of drinking water supply. Many epidemiological studies on fluoride concentration and its adverse effects have been carried out. However, the result is scattered in different studies which needs systematically summarized for utilization.Objective

The aim of this research is to estimate the pooled level of fluoride concentration in ground water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian rift valley.Methods

MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane library and Google scholar databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the mean concentration of fluoride in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift valley. We identified search terms by extracting key terms from reviews and selected relevant papers and review medical subject headings for relevant and appropriate terms.Results

The mean concentration of fluoride in ground water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis were pooled from eleven and nine primary studies conducted in Ethiopian Rift Valley respectively. The pooled mean concentration of fluoride in ground water therefore was 6.03 mg/l (95% CI; 4.72–7.72, p < 0.001) and the pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis among residents in Ethiopian rift valley was 32% (95% CI: 25, 39%, p<0.001), 29% (95% CI: 22, 36%, p<0.001) and 24% (95% CI: 17, 32%, p<0.001 for mild, moderate and sever fluorosis respectively. The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis is 28% (95% CI: 24, 32%, p<0.001).Conclusions

The mean concentration of fluoride in ground water in Ethiopian rift valley is nearly four times greater than the WHO guideline (1.5mg/l). Relatively high-level pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis was also seen in Ethiopian rift valley. Therefore, further studies covering the temperature, exposure time and other intake path ways including diet with large sample size is recommended. Interventional projects should conduct to decrease the concentration of fluoride
in the ground drinking water source.
Understanding the Healthcare Experiences and Needs of African Immigrants in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Omenka Ogbonnaya Isaac , Watson Dennis P. , Hendrie Hugh C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Africans immigrants in the United States are the least-studied immigrant group, despite the research and policy efforts to address health disparities within immigrant communities. Although their healthcare experiences and needs are unique, they are often lumped into the “black” category, along with other phenotypically-similar groups. These challenges stifle the means of accurately utilizing research data to make critical healthcare decisions regarding African immigrants. The purpose of this Scoping Review was to examine extant information about African immigrant health in the United States, in order to develop subsequent lines of inquiry using the identified knowledge-gaps.
Methods: Literature published in the English language between 1980 and 2016 were reviewed in five stages: (1) identification of question and (b) relevant studies, (c) screening, (d) data extraction and synthesis, and (e) results. Databases used included EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar (hand-search). The articles were reviewed according to title and abstract, and studies deemed relevant were reviewed as full-text articles. Data was extracted from the selected articles using the inductive approach, which was based on the comprehensive reading and interpretive analysis of the organically emerging themes. Finally, the results from the selected articles were presented in a narrative format.
Results: Culture, religion, and spirituality were identified as intertwined key contributors to the healthcare experiences of African immigrants. Also, lack of culturally-competent healthcare, distrust, and complexity, of the US health system, exorbitant cost of care, were identified as major healthcare access barriers.
Biosealer versus Biodentine for direct pulp capping in dog’s teeth: A histopathological evaluation
Authors: Al-Sherbiny Inas M. , Farid Mona H. , Abu-Seida Ashraf M. , Motawea Inas , Bastawy Hagar A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
BackgroundThis study compared the effect of Biodentine (BD) and Tech Biosealer Capping (BS) on the pulpal tissue response after pulp capping in dogs, teeth.MethodsThree mongrel dogs were enrolled in this study. Class V cavities with pulp exposure were performed on the buccal surface of 30 teeth (2 experimental groups) and left without pulp exposure in 15 teeth (control group). The cavities of experimental groups were capped with either Biodentine (BD Group, N= 15 teeth) or Tech-Biosealer Capping (BS Group, N= 15 teeth). All cavities (experimental and control groups) were restored with resin-modified glass ionomer. Dentine bridge formation, architechecture of the odontoblastic layers and signs of inflammation were assessed after 1, 2 and 3 months using the computer image analyzer (Leica Qwin 500).ResultsBD group showed a thick newly formed reparative dentin bridge completely closing the exposure site with cell inclusions and mineralization, variable amount of odontoblast-like cells, preserved pulp tissue, marked numerous collagen fibers and blood vessels. While BS group showed an incomplete newly formed reparative dentin bridge with tunnel defect, vacuolated odontoblasts, complete pulp degeneration with multiple edematous spaces, hyperemic blood vessels, extravasated RBCs, multiple calcified structures scattered just beneath the dentin bridge and through the pulp tissue, and newly ill-defined odontoblasts.ConclusionFor pulp capping, Biodentine has better dentine bridge formation and pulp preservation than Tech Biosealer Capping.
Al and Si diffusion in rutile
Authors: Cherniak Daniele J. , Watson E. Bruce 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Diffusion of Al and Si has been measured in synthetic and natural rutile under anhydrous conditions. Experiments used Al2O3 or Al2O3-TiO2 powder mixtures for Al diffusant sources, and SiO2-TiO2 powder mixtures or quartz-rutile diffusion couples for Si. Experiments were run in air in crimped Pt capsules, or in sealed silica glass ampoules with solid buffers (to buffer at NNO or IW). Al profiles were measured with Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) using the reaction 27Al(p,γ)28Si. Rutherford Backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to measure Si diffusion profiles, with RBS also used in measurements of Al to complement NRA profiles. We determine the following Arrhenius relations from these measurements: For Al diffusion parallel to c, for experiments buffered at NNO, over the temperature range 1100–1400 °C:
D Al = 1.21 × 10 − 2 exp ⁡ ( − 531 ± 27 kJ/ mol − 1 / RT ) m 2 s − 1 .
For Si diffusion parallel to c, for both unbuffered and NNO-buffered experiments, over the temperature range 1100–1450 °C:
D Si = 8.53 × 10 − 13 exp ⁡ ( − 254 ± 31   kJ/ mol − 1 / RT ) m 2 s − 1 .
Diffusion normal to (100) is similar to diffusion normal to (001) for both Al and Si, indicating little diffusional anisotropy for these elements. Diffusivities measured for synthetic and natural rutile are in good agreement, indicating that these diffusion parameters can be applied in evaluating diffusivities in rutile in natural systems Diffusivities of Al and Si for experiments buffered at IW are faster (by a half to three-quarters of a log unit) than those buffered at NNO.
Si and Al are among the slowest-diffusing species in rutile measured thus far. Diffusivities of Al and Si are significantly slower than the diffusion of Pb and slower than the diffusion of tetravalent Zr and Hf and pentavalent Nb and Ta. These data indicate that Al compositional information will be strongly retained in rutile, providing evidence for the robustness of the recently developed Al in rutile thermobarometer. For example, at 900 °C, Al compositional information would be preserved over ~3 Gyr in the center of 250 μm radius rutile grains, but Zr compositional information would be preserved for only about 300 000 yr at this temperature. Al-in-rutile compositions will also be much better preserved during subsolidus thermal events subsequent to crystallization than those for Ti-in-quartz and Zr-in-titanite crystallization thermometers.
Sound velocity of neon at high pressures and temperatures by Brillouin scattering
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Xinyang , Sun Ningyu , Tkachev Sergey N. , Mao Zhu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this study, we have determined the combined effect of pressure and temperature on the compressional-wave velocity (VP) of Ne up to 53 GPa and 1100 K using Brillouin scattering in externally heated diamond-anvil cells. The phase transition from the supercritical fluid to solid phase was observed to cause a 10.5–11% jump in VP, and the magnitude in the VP contrast across the phase transition increases with temperature. In addition, we have observed an abnormal reduced increase rate of VP with pressure in the supercritical Ne fluid at both 800 and 1100 K before the transition to the solid phase. VP of the solid Ne exhibits a nonlinear increase with pressure at all the investigated temperatures. The elevating temperature was noted to cause an apparent reduction in VP, yet the reduction in VP caused by increasing temperature dramatically decreases at higher pressures. At 20 GPa, increasing temperature by 100 K can lower the VP of Ne by 2.4%. Yet elevating temperature by 100 K can only reduce the VP by 0.4% at 50 GPa. We further compare VP of Ne to that of other rare gases, including Ar, Kr, and Xe. At 300 K, VP of Ne shows a stronger dependence on pressure than both Kr and Xe. Moreover, increasing temperature can produce a greater reduction in VP of Ne than that of Ar below 50 GPa. Our measured VP of Ne is also useful for understanding the velocity structure of giant planets, such as Jupiter.
Composite materials based on zeolite stilbite from Faroe Islands for the removal of fluoride from drinking water
Authors: Díaz Isabel , Gómez-Hortigüela Luis , Gálvez Pilar , Pérez-Pariente Joaquín , Ólavsdóttir Jana 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work, three samples of the zeolite stilbite from the Faroe Islands have been used to prepare zeolite/hydroxyapatite composite materials that have been tested for the removal of fluoride present as geogenic contaminant in underground water. The Faroe Islands are an archipelago in the North Atlantic that have volcanic origins of Paleocene and early Eocene age. Early reports on the presence of zeolites in the Faroe Islands indicate abundance of chabazite, analcite, mesolite, heulandites, and stilbite, with heulandite and stilbite dominant in the northern and northwestern part of the islands. Further investigations of the Faroese Geological Survey yielded zeolitic phases in Vestmanna, Streymoy, Morkranes, and Eysturoy, as well as in the sea tunnel that connects the island of Eysturoy with the island of Borðoy. Three stilbite samples coming from these locations have been used with the aim of producing composite materials for fluoride removal. For this purpose, the samples were exposed to a phosphate solution at room temperature for selected periods of time, in such a way that a hydroxyapatite layer develops on the surface of the zeolite crystals. The resulting composites consist of approximately 93% zeolite and 7% nano-hydroxyapatite, which is the active phase for fluoride removal. Excess fluoride (above 1.5 mg/L according to WHO) in drinking waters provokes dental or skeletal fluorosis, an endemic health problem in more than 25 countries. The defluoridation studies in our work are performed using real waters from Spain with initial [F–] of 7.1 mg/L. The capacity of the Faroe Islands stilbite-based adsorbent reaches 0.3 mg F–/g, showing similar behavior regardless of the stilbite sample used. The impact of the particle size of stilbite in the final defluoridation capacity is remarkable. An increase in the particle size leads to a dramatic decrease in the surface area, affecting the growth of the nano–hydroxyapatite on the zeolite surface and hindering, as a result, its capacity to remove fluoride. Interestingly, electron microscopy and X–ray powder diffraction results clearly show that nano–hydroxyapatite grow on the zeolite surface with a preferential orientation that maximizes the exposure of the (001) face containing the active sites for defluoridation, thus explaining the high F-removal efficiency of these materials.
Virtual Reality Support for Joint Attention Using the Floreo Joint Attention Module: Usability and Feasibility Pilot Study
Authors: Ravindran Vijay , Osgood Monica , Sazawal Vibha , Solorzano Rita , Turnacioglu Sinan 
Published: August 2019

Background
Advances in virtual reality (VR) technology offer new opportunities to design supports for the core behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that promote progress toward optimal outcomes. Floreo has developed a novel mobile VR platform that pairs a user receiving instruction on target skills with an adult monitor.

Objective
The primary objective of this pilot study was to explore the feasibility of using Floreo’s Joint Attention Module in school-aged children with autism in a special education setting. A secondary objective was to explore a novel joint attention measure designed for use with school-aged children and to observe whether there was a suggestion of change in joint attention skills from preintervention to postintervention.

Methods
A total of 12 participants (age range: 9 to 16 years) received training with the Joint Attention Module for 14 sessions over 5 weeks.

Results
No serious side effects were reported, and no participants dropped out of the study because of undesirable side effects. On the basis of monitor data, 95.4% (126/132) of the time participants tolerated the headset, 95.4% (126/132) of the time participants seemed to enjoy using Floreo’s platform, and 95.5% (128/134) of the time the VR experience was reported as valuable. In addition, scoring of the joint attention measure suggested a positive change in participant skills related to the total number of interactions, use of eye contact, and initiation of interactions.

Conclusions
The study results suggest that Floreo’s Joint Attention Module is safe and well tolerated by students with ASD, and preliminary data also suggest that its use is related to improvements in fundamental joint attention skills.
Trends in Disparities in Preemptive Kidney Transplantation in the United States
Authors: King Kristen L. , Husain Syed Ali , Jin Zhezhen , Brennan Corey , Mohan Sumit 
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives
Long wait times for deceased donor kidneys and low rates of preemptive wait-listing have limited preemptive transplantation in the United States. We aimed to assess trends in preemptive deceased donor transplantation with the introduction of the new Kidney Allocation System (KAS) in 2014 and identify whether key disparities in preemptive transplantation have changed.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We identified adult deceased donor kidney transplant recipients in the United States from 2000 to 2018 using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Preemptive transplantation was defined as no dialysis before transplant. Associations between recipient, donor, transplant, and policy era characteristics and preemptive transplantation were calculated using logistic regression. To test for modification by KAS policy era, an interaction term between policy era and each characteristic of interest was introduced in bivariate and adjusted models.

Results
The proportion of preemptive transplants increased after implementation of KAS from 9.0% to 9.8%, with 1.10 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06 to 1.14) times higher odds of preemptive transplantation post-KAS compared with pre-KAS. Preemptive recipients were more likely to be white, older, female, more educated, hold private insurance, and have ESKD cause other than diabetes or hypertension. Policy era significantly modified the association between preemptive transplantation and race, age, insurance status, and Human Leukocyte Antigen zero-mismatch (interaction P<0.05). Medicare patients had a significantly lower odds of preemptive transplantation relative to private insurance holders (pre-KAS adjusted OR, [aOR] 0.26; [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.27], to 0.20 [95% CI, 0.18 to 0.22] post-KAS). Black and Hispanic patients experienced a similar phenomenon (aOR 0.48 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.51] to 0.41 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.45] and 0.43 [95% CI, 0.40 to 0.47] to 0.40 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.46] respectively) compared with white patients.

Conclusions
Although the proportion of deceased donor kidney transplants performed preemptively increased slightly after KAS, disparities in preemptive kidney transplantation persisted after the 2014 KAS policy changes and were exacerbated for racial minorities and Medicare patients.
A RELEVÂNCIA DA TECNOLOGIA DE INFORMAÇÃO NO PROCESSO DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Marcomini Emilli , Raimondi Daiane Cortez 
Published: August 2019

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de caráter exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, cujo objetivo é descrever a importância das ciências tecnológicas para a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem, além de avaliar se há maior aplicação do processo de enfermagem na presença da tecnologia de informação. Assim, realizou-se uma pesquisa nas bases BDENF, LILACS, SCIELO e Google Acadêmico, utilizando os descritores informática, processo de Enfermagem e tecnologia biomédica. Deste modo, foram selecionados 8 estudos para compor a amostra de análise, publicados entre os anos de 2014 a 2018. O processo de enfermagem informatizado, acarreta muitas facilidades ao cuidado em saúde na área da enfermagem, em razão dos avanços na organização do cuidado, segurança dos registros, incentivo a tomada de decisão e visibilidade ao profissional enfermeiro. Considera-se que o uso das tecnologias beneficia a aplicabilidade do processo de enfermagem, trazendo inúmeros benefícios a assistência à saúde, além de facilitar a implementação da SAE e suas etapas.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM APLICATIVO ANDROID PARA PREVENÇÃO DA SÍNDROME DA IMUNODEFICIÊNCIA ADQUIRIDA (AIDS)
Authors: Santos Ninalva De Andrade , Arcanjo Matos Filho Silvio , Santos Matos Diego , Lordelo Carvalho Técio Ricardo 
Published: August 2019

A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (Aids) apesar de ser, frequentemente, objeto de discussão da mídia em geral ainda está relacionada com desinformação em relação à prevenção e ao enfrentamento da infecção/doença. O estudo objetivou desenvolver um aplicativo do tipo Android, para uso nas ações de educação em saúde, com a intenção de prevenir a infecção pelo HIV/Aids; Identificar as contribuições do aplicativo Android, nas ações de educação em saúde e Promover ampla divulgação do aplicativo. O estudo de abordagem qualitativa constituiu pesquisa-ação desenvolvida em Jequié-Bahia como trabalho de conclusão de um curso de graduação em Sistema de Informação. Os resultados evidenciados na testagem do aplicativo com 60 alunos do segundo grau apontou para sua contribuição nas ações de educação em saúde relacionadas a prevenção e controle da infecção pelo vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e Aids, o qual poderá ser usado por vários grupos populacionais, por ser de fácil acesso, manipulação simples e agregar o lúdico a ação educacional. A relevância deste estudo consiste na possibilidade de contribuir com as ações de educação em saúde sobre a infecção pelo HIV/Aids de forma a se obter minimização nos dados estatísticos do agravo e uma maior qualidade de vida e saúde das pessoas que já são portadoras do HIV/Aids.
INTERAÇÃO ENSINO-SERVIÇO NA SAÚDE: UM OLHAR POR MEIO DA ANÁLISE DE REDES SOCIAIS
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Áurea Alécio , Borges de Barros Pereira Hernane 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta a aplicação de um modelo de análise de redes no estudo de rede formada no processo de interação ensino e serviço na saúde. O trabalho integrado da academia com os serviços de saúde é uma estratégia que permite problematizar as aprendizagens nas unidades de saúde em parceria com os serviços públicos de saúde. Com o objetivo de analisar o fluxo de informação e a difusão de conhecimento entre os sujeitos que fazem o Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho na Saúde (PET-Saúde), utilizou-se um modelo misto, fundamentado na Metodologia da Análise de Redes Sociais articulada com a Análise Hermenêutico-Dialética. As técnicas de coleta de dados adotadas foram a entrevista semiestruturada e questionário com 14 questões, geradoras das relações nas redes estudadas. Os participantes do estudo foram distribuídos em três grupos de representação: I – Tutores, II - Preceptores e III - alunos bolsistas/voluntários do PET-Saúde. Os resultados mostram que as diferentes redes apresentam similaridade com relação ao número de componentes. Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade do Modelo como uma nova abordagem epistemológica frente aos sistemas de representação social, para análise das diferentes relações estabelecidas em redes na saúde.
SÍNTESE BIOLÓGICA DE NANOPARTÍCULAS MEDIADA POR MICRO-ORGANISMOS ENDOFÍTICOS
Authors: Oliveira João Arthur dos Santos de , Oliveira Junior Verci Alves de , Cótica Luiz Fernando , Conte Hélio , Pamphile João Alencar 
Published: August 2019

Endófitos são fungos e bactérias que vivem no interior das plantas sem causar nenhum dano aos seus hospedeiros. Nas últimas décadas o potencial biotecnológico desses micro-organismos tem aumentado com o advento da nanotecnologia. Estudos descobriram que fungos e bactérias são capazes de produzirem nanopartículas por meio de rotas intra ou extracelulares, processo este que passou a ser descrito como micosíntese. O interesse cada vez maior para métodos mais sustentáveis e biológicos resultou no desenvolvimento de nanopartículas não-tóxicas e comparativamente mais bioativas. Ao contrário dos métodos físicos e químicos, a micosíntese é rentável e favorável ao meio ambiente. Neste trabalho buscamos realizar uma revisão de literatura acerta dos micro-organismos endofíticos e síntese biológica de nanopartículas. Os gêneros de bactérias endofíticas mais estudados quanto a micosíntese destacam-se Bacillus e Pseudomonas, enquanto para fungos Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Altrnaria e Trichoderma. Dentre as principais aplicações biotecnológicas destas nanopartículas oriundas da síntese microbiana temos atividades antibacterianas, citotóxicas e antioxidantes. A associação entre endófitos e nanopartículas está em fase exploratória para compreender com clareza os mecanismos responsáveis por essa interação. Entretanto, sabe-se que estas nanopartículas produzidas por meio da micosíntese já são prospectadas em algumas atividades biológicas. Espera-se que todas as espécies de plantas abriguem endófitos, os quais podem ser isolados e bioprospectados para a produção de novas ou já conhecidas nanopartículas.