bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐based intrapartum fetal monitoring and beyond: A review of the 2nd Workshop on Signal Processing and Monitoring in Labor (October 2017, Oxford, UK)
Authors: Georgieva Antoniya , Abry Patrice , Chudáček Václav , Djurić Petar M. , Frasch Martin G. , Kok René , Lear Christopher A. , Lemmens Sebastiaan N. , Nunes Inês , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Quirk Gerald J. , Redman Christopher W. G. , Schifrin Barry , Spilka Jiri , Ugwumadu Austin , Vullings Rik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe second Signal Processing and Monitoring in Labor workshop gathered researchers who utilize promising new research strategies and initiatives to tackle the challenges of intrapartum fetal monitoring. The workshop included a series of lectures and discussions focusing on: new algorithms and techniques for cardiotocogoraphy (CTG) and electrocardiogram acquisition and analyses; the results of a CTG evaluation challenge comparing state‐of‐the‐art computerized methods and visual interpretation for the detection of arterial cord pH <7.05 at birth; the lack of consensus about the role of intrapartum acidemia in the etiology of fetal brain injury; the differences between methods for CTG analysis “mimicking” expert clinicians and those derived from “data‐driven” analyses; a critical review of the results from two randomized controlled trials testing the former in clinical practice; and relevant insights from modern physiology‐based studies. We concluded that the automated algorithms performed comparably to each other and to clinical assessment of the CTG. However, the sensitivity and specificity urgently need to be improved (both computerized and visual assessment). Data‐driven CTG evaluation requires further work with large multicenter datasets based on well‐defined labor outcomes. And before first tests in the clinic, there are important lessons to be learnt from clinical trials that tested automated algorithms mimicking expert CTG interpretation. In addition, transabdominal fetal electrocardiogram monitoring provides reliable CTG traces and variability estimates; and fetal electrocardiogram waveform analysis is subject to promising new research. There is a clear need for close collaboration between computing and clinical experts. We believe that progress will be possible with multidisciplinary collaborative research.
Genetic relationships of alternative somatic cell count traits with milk yield, composition and udder type traits in Italian Jersey cows
Authors: Bobbo Tania , Roveglia Chiara , Penasa Mauro , Visentin Giulio , Finocchiaro Raffaella , Cassandro Martino 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate genetic associations between alternative somatic cell count (SCC) traits and milk yield, composition and udder type traits in Italian Jersey cows. Alternative SCC traits were test‐day (TD) somatic cell score (SCS) averaged over early lactation (SCS_150), standard deviation of SCS of the entire lactation (SCS_SD), a binary trait indicating absence or presence of at least one TD SCC >400,000 cells/ml in the lactation (Infection) and the ratio of the number of TD SCC >400,000 cells/ml to total number of TD in the lactation (Severity). Heritabilities of SCC traits, including lactation‐mean SCS (SCS_LM), ranged from 0.038 to 0.136. Genetic correlations between SCC traits were moderate to strong, with very few exceptions. Unfavourable genetic associations between milk yield and SCS_SD and Infection indicated that high‐producing cows were more susceptible to variation in SCC than low‐producing animals. Cows with deep udders, loose attachments, weak ligaments and long teats were more susceptible to an increase of SCC in milk. Overall, results suggest that alternative SCC traits can be exploited to improve cow's resistance to mastitis in Italian Jersey breed.
Social modelling of health behaviours: Testing self‐affirmation as a conformity‐reduction strategy
Authors: Reid Allecia E. , Field Matt , Jones Andrew , DiLemma Lisa C. G. , Robinson Eric 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesSocial conformity negatively affects health. Exposure to peers who model unhealthy alcohol or food consumption increases personal consumption. Self‐affirmation alters processes related to the motivations underlying conformity. We therefore tested whether self‐affirmation reduces conformity to unhealthy behaviour and does so by reducing affiliation needs and/or increasing self‐regulation.DesignIn two studies, participants were randomized to one of four conditions in a 2 (low vs. high peer modelling) × 2 (self‐affirmed vs. not) design.MethodsIn Study 1 (N = 153), a confederate modelled low or high alcohol consumption. Participants’ alcohol consumption was recorded; mimicry of confederates’ sips was coded. In Study 2 (N = 122), written information indicated others’ snack food intake during the study. Participants’ food consumption was recorded. Affiliative interest was assessed in both studies. Inhibitory control and private self‐awareness were assessed in Studies 1 and 2, respectively.ResultsIn Study 1, participants exposed to heavy drinking consumed significantly more alcohol and mimicked the confederate more frequently than participants exposed to the light drinking model. Self‐affirmation did not reduce this tendency, nor did it affect affiliative interest or inhibitory control. Exploratory analysis supported that mimicry mediated the peer modelling–consumption relationship. In Study 2, participants ate more when they believed others had eaten a lot, as opposed to little. Self‐affirmation did not reduce this tendency and did not affect affiliative interest. Self‐affirmed participants had higher private self‐awareness than those who were not self‐affirmed, but self‐awareness did not affect consumption.ConclusionPeer behaviour strongly influences personal consumption. Self‐affirmation did not reduce behavioural conformity.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Exposure to peers who engage in high consumption of alcohol and unhealthy foods is associated with increased personal consumption.

Few studies have examined strategies to reduce conformity to consumption behaviours.

What does this study add?

Across two studies, self‐affirmation did not reduce behavioural conformity, despite its’ positive effects on private self‐awareness.

Conformity in face‐to‐face interactions is largely driven by mimicry.
Associations of atopic dermatitis and asthma with child behaviour: Results from the PROBIT cohort
Authors: Ballardini Natalia , Kramer Michael S. , Oken Emily , Henderson Alexander John , Bogdanovich Natalia , Dahhou Mourad , Patel Rita , Thompson Jennifer , Vilchuck Konstantin , Yang Seungmi , Martin Richard M. , Flohr Carsten 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundConflicting findings from studies evaluating associations of allergic disease with child behaviour require longitudinal studies to resolve.ObjectiveTo estimate the magnitude of associations of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy, and symptoms of asthma and AD at 6.5 years, with child behaviour at 6.5 years.MethodsSecondary cohort analysis of the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT). PROBIT enrolled 17 046 infants at birth and followed them up at 6.5 years (n = 13 889). Study paediatricians collected data on infantile AD at repeated follow‐up examinations during the first year of life. At 6.5 years, paediatricians performed skin prick tests and parents reported asthma and AD symptoms during the prior year. In addition, parents and teachers completed the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, which includes scales on hyperactivity/inattention, emotional problems, conduct problems, peer problems and prosocial behaviours.ResultsPhysician‐diagnosed AD in the first year of life was not associated with increased risk for behavioural problems at 6.5 years. Emotional problems at 6.5 years were more common among children with AD symptoms (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.62‐3.12) and asthma symptoms (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.07‐1.96) during the past year at 6.5 years and ORs for children with symptoms of more severe AD and asthma were also higher. AD in the past year was also associated with probable hyperactivity/inattention disorder at 6.5 years (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.09‐3.84). Other subscales of the SDQ were not related to asthma or AD symptoms during the past year.Conclusions and clinical relevanceChildren with AD symptoms were at higher risk for concomitant hyperactivity/inattention and emotional disorder, and children with asthma symptoms were at higher risk of having concomitant emotional problems. However, AD during infancy did not predict childhood behaviours.
MicroRNA-466a-3p attenuates allergic nasal inflammation in mice by targeting GATA3
Authors: Chen Z , Deng Y , Li F , Xiao B , Zhou X , Tao Z 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Allergic rhinitis is thought to be an allergic disease associated with immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated immune response, characterized by increased T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production, elevated eosinophil levels in the nasal mucosa and induced nasal secretions. MicroRNA (miRNA) microarray data revealed that the expression level of miR-466a-3p was significantly decreased. Notably, GATA binding protein (GATA-3) was identified as one of its target genes through miRNA target prediction web tools. The expression levels of miR-466a-3p were altered by mimics and lentivirus both in vivo and in vitro, similar to those of GATA-3. Furthermore, the symptoms and histology of allergic rhinitis as well as the levels of serum IgE and interleukin (IL)-4 were examined in different groups of mice. Interestingly, the results for lentiviral miR-466a-3p-treated allergic rhinitis mice were relatively similar to normal mice, compared to allergic rhinitis mice without treatment. Also, miR-466a-3p negatively regulated GATA-3 expression in allergic rhinitis mice, indicating the participant of Th2-cell responses in allergic rhinitis. Taken together, our findings highlight a new perspective on the role of miR-466a-3p in allergic rhinitis. In addition, this study provides a theoretical framework and experimental reference for future research targeting microRNAs as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers of allergic rhinitis.
Out of mind, out of sight? Investigating abnormal face scanning in autism spectrum disorder using gaze‐contingent paradigm
Authors: Wang Qiandong , Hoi Sio Pan , Wang Yuyin , Song Ci , Li Tianbi , Lam Cheuk Man , Fang Fang , Yi Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDiminished social motivation is hypothesized to explain abnormal face scanning pattern in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially reduced eye‐looking time in ASDs than typically developing (TD) people. Here, we tested an alternative explanation that children with ASD may use a compensatory strategy to avoid direct eye contact by processing the eyes through peripheral vision. We compared the face scanning patterns of children with and without ASD in two conditions: in the clear condition, the face was completely visible; in the blur condition, by using the gaze‐contingent paradigm, the whole face was blurred except for a small region being fixated at, thus children could not rely on the peripheral information to process the eyes. We found that children with ASD fixated less on the eyes than TD children in both conditions. Temporal‐course analyses further revealed the possible motivation‐based guidance of attention to process the eyes in the TD group but not in the ASD group. Additionally, we found that children with ASD scanned faces more randomly and less strategically than TD children. These results have ruled out the alternative hypothesis that the abnormal face scanning pattern in ASDs was due to their compensatory strategy to process eyes through peripheral vision, furthering our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their abnormal face scanning.
Switch costs in inhibitory control and voluntary behaviour: A computational study of the antisaccade task
Authors: Aponte Eduardo A. , Stephan Klaas E. , Heinzle Jakob 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn integral aspect of human cognition is the ability to inhibit stimulus‐driven, habitual responses, in favour of complex, voluntary actions. In addition, humans can also alternate between different tasks. This comes at the cost of degraded performance when compared to repeating the same task, a phenomenon called the “task‐switch cost.” While task switching and inhibitory control have been studied extensively, the interaction between them has received relatively little attention. Here, we used the SERIA model, a computational model of antisaccade behaviour, to draw a bridge between them. We investigated task switching in two versions of the mixed antisaccade task, in which participants are cued to saccade either in the same or in the opposite direction to a peripheral stimulus. SERIA revealed that stopping a habitual action leads to increased inhibitory control that persists onto the next trial, independently of the upcoming trial type. Moreover, switching between tasks induces slower and less accurate voluntary responses compared to repeat trials. However, this only occurs when participants lack the time to prepare the correct response. Altogether, SERIA demonstrates that there is a reconfiguration cost associated with switching between voluntary actions. In addition, the enhanced inhibition that follows antisaccade but not prosaccade trials explains asymmetric switch costs. In conclusion, SERIA offers a novel model of task switching that unifies previous theoretical accounts by distinguishing between inhibitory control and voluntary action generation and could help explain similar phenomena in paradigms beyond the antisaccade task.
Cognitive frailty in community‐dwelling older Japanese people: Prevalence and its association with falls
Authors: Kim Hunkyung , Awata Shuichi , Watanabe Yutaka , Kojima Narumi , Osuka Yosuke , Motokawa Keiko , Sakuma Naoko , Inagaki Hiroki , Edahiro Ayako , Hosoi Erika , Won Chang‐Won , Shinkai Shoji 
Published: May 2019

AimTo investigate the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty and cognitive frailty‐related falls in community‐dwelling older people.MethodsA total of 25 out of 1192 community‐dwelling older people aged >70 years with cognitive frailty participated in the present cross‐sectional study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Physical function measures included calf circumference, Timed Up and Go (TUG) and usual walking speed. Interviews were carried out to assess Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ); chronic diseases including hypertension, diabetes and falls; as well as physical frailty, defined as having three of five criteria: muscle weakness, slowness, exhaustion, low activity and weight loss.ResultsThe prevalence of cognitive frailty was 2.1%. Participants with cognitive frailty had significantly reduced Mini‐Mental State Examination and calf circumference; and higher instrumental activities of daily living disability and falls. Old age (OR 1.151, 95% CI 1.053–1.257), fall history (OR 3.577, 95% CI 1.381–9.263), having four or more chronic diseases (OR 7.419, 95% CI 2.117–26.005) and slower TUG (OR 1.234, 95% CI 1.041–1.462) were significantly associated with cognitive frailty, whereas greater calf circumference (OR 0.748, 95% CI 0.625–0.895) and CNAQ (OR 0.736, 95% CI 0.628–0.8631) had protective effects. Old age (OR 1.132, 95% CI 1.002–1.280), hospitalization (OR 10.090, 95% CI 2.554–39.854), having four or more chronic diseases (OR 5.120, 95% CI 1.113–23.557) and slower TUG (OR 1.394, 95% CI 1.167–1.665) were significantly associated with cognitive frailty‐related falls, whereas CNAQ (OR 0.704, 0.571–0.868) had protective effects.ConclusionsAge, chronic disease, TUG and CNAQ were significantly associated with cognitive frailty and cognitive frailty‐related falls. The TUG and CNAQ have the greatest potential for improvement by intervention or lifestyle change. Further research is necessary to determine the efficacy of positive changes in these factors for symptomatic improvements. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 647–653.
The Plague Doctor of Venice
Authors: Mussap Christian J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a distinctive Venetian carnival mask with sinister overtones and historical significance to physicians because it belongs to the ‘Doctor of the Plague’. The costume features a beaked white mask, black hat and waxed gown. This was worn by mediaeval Plague Doctors as protection according to the Miasma Theory of disease propagation. The plague (or Black Death), ravaged Europe over several centuries with each pandemic leaving millions of people dead. The cause of the contagion was not known, nor was there a cure, which added to the widespread desperation and fear. Venice was a major seaport, and each visitation of the plague (beginning in 1348) devastated the local population. In response, Venetians were among the first to establish the principles of quarantine and ‘Lazarets’ which we still use today. Plague outbreaks have occurred in Australia, notably in Sydney (1900–1925), and continue to flare up in poorer communities, most recently in Madagascar (2017). Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment, but there are concerns regarding the emergence of resistant pathogenic strains ofYersinia pestis,and their potential use in bio‐terrorism.
Effectiveness of 1‐day trauma‐informed care training programme on attitudes in psychiatric hospitals: A pre–post study
Authors: Niimura Junko , Nakanishi Miharu , Okumura Yasuyuki , Kawano Masashi , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany patients in mental health settings are likely to have histories of interpersonal traumatic experiences. Mental health providers are recommended to adopt trauma‐informed care (TIC) to ensure sensitivity and responsiveness to the impact of trauma on patients. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of a TIC training programme using standardized measures with follow‐up assessments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a TIC training programme on attitudes towards TIC in mental health professionals. The study involved a pre–post design with 3‐month follow‐up assessments conducted between March and June 2018. In total, 65 mental health professionals from 29 psychiatric hospitals in Tokyo and its suburban prefectures participated in the study. Mental health professionals participated in a 1‐day programme consisting of a 3.5‐hour lecture and 1‐hour group discussion. Development of favourable attitudes towards TIC was the primary outcome, as assessed by using the Attitude Related Trauma‐Informed Care scale. The majority of participants were women (86%), and the mean age was 42.2 years. The mean score of the Attitude Related Trauma‐Informed Care scale scores increased significantly from 5.1 during pre‐training to 5.5 immediately after training (mean difference: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.5) and 5.4 after 3 months (mean difference: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.2–0.4). Furthermore, half of the participants claimed to have implemented TIC practice in daily clinical settings at the 3‐month follow‐up. These results suggested that this brief TIC training programme improved attitudes towards TIC practice significantly.
Documenting neotropical diversity of phoronids with DNA barcoding of planktonic larvae
Authors: Collin Rachel , Venera‐Pontón Dagoberto E. , Driskell Amy C. , Macdonald Kenneth S. , Chan Kit‐Yu Karen , Boyle Michael J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhoronid larvae, actinotrochs, are beautiful and complicated organisms which have attracted as much, if not more, attention than their adult forms. We collected actinotrochs from the waters of the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Panama, and used DNA barcoding of mtCOI, as well as 16S and 18S sequences, to estimate the diversity of phoronids in the region. We discovered three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the Bay of Panama on the Pacific coast and four OTUs in Bocas del Toro on the Caribbean coast. Not only did all OTUs differ from each other by >10% pairwise distance in COI, but they also differed from all phoronid sequences in GenBank, including the four species for which adults have been reported for the Pacific of Panama, Phoronopsis harmeri, Phoronis psammophila, Phoronis muelleri, and Phoronis hippocrepia. In each ocean region, one common OTU was more abundant and occurred more frequently than other OTUs in our samples. The other five OTUs were relatively rare, with only one to three individuals collected during the entire project. Species accumulation curves were relatively flat but suggest that at least one more species is likely to be present at each site. Actinotrochs from the seven sequenced OTUs had morphologies typical of species with non‐brooded planktotrophic development and, in some cases, may be distinguished by differences in pigmentation and the arrangement of blood masses. We found one larva with morphology typical of brooded planktotrophic larvae for which sequencing failed, bringing the total number of potential species detected to eight and representing >50% of the adult species currently recognized globally.
The Dividend Disconnect
Authors: HARTZMARK SAMUEL M. , SOLOMON DAVID H. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTMany individual investors, mutual funds, and institutions trade as if dividends and capital gains are disconnected attributes, not fully appreciating that dividends result in price decreases. Behavioral trading patterns (e.g., the disposition effect) are driven by price changes instead of total returns. Investors rarely reinvest dividends, and trade as if dividends are a separate, stable income stream. Analysts fail to account for the effect of dividends on price, leading to optimistic price forecasts for dividend‐paying stocks. Demand for dividends is systematically higher in periods of low interest rates and poor market performance, leading to lower returns for dividend‐paying stocks.
Physicochemical, rheological, and molecular characterization of colloidal gelatin produced from Common carp by‐products using microwave and ultrasound‐assisted extraction
Authors: Mirzapour‐Kouhdasht Armin , Sabzipour Forouzan , Taghizadeh Mohammad Sadegh , Moosavi‐Nasab Marzieh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) methods on molecular and physicochemical characteristics of the resultant gelatin were examined. Before extraction procedure, we investigated the optimum pH for swelling of Common carp by‐products, which is an important pretreatment for gelatin production. The highest swelling yield was achieved at pH 13 among pH 1–14 with unit intervals. Results indicated that the UAE gelatin has a higher gel strength, viscosity, melting point, and gelling point. The power and time of sonication showed a reverse relation with these characteristics. In addition, as the time of microwave heating was raised, the gel strength, viscosity, melting point, and gelling point were decreased. The FT‐IR spectra showed similar peaks but the Amide B in UAE gelatin slightly vanished. The electrophoretic pattern also revealed the higher gel strength and viscosity of UAE gelatin due to the higher intensity of α and β chains compared to MAE gelatin. It can be concluded from all of the results of this study that the produced gelatin using these procedures can be a good source of gelatin in food and drug industries.