bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐cell immunology of the lung: maintaining the balance between host defence and immune pathology
Authors: Altmann Daniel M. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryRespiratory immunology poses the dual questions of how to grapple with lung infection as one of the greatest unmet global health needs of our time, while also dealing with the growing challenge posed by chronic diseases of excessive or inappropriate lung inflammation and immunity, such as chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma. These separate branches of pulmonary research are linked by the clear observation that, in a tissue as fragile as the lung, protection from microbial attack may come at the cost of chronic inflammatory damage. A number of recent studies have considered specific aspects of this double‐edged sword, including the diversity of responses to fungal exposure, sources and consequences of interleukin‐17 immunity, and the role of tertiary lymphoid follicles in the lung.
Transforming Discipleship and the Future of Mission
Authors: Bevans Stephen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAfter reflecting on how the Arusha Conference continues the tradition of World Mission Conferences, this article reflects on the conference’s main theme, “Transforming Discipleship”. Transforming discipleship was proposed before the conference as having a threefold meaning. During the conference it was developed in four interlocking plenaries, and in the “Conference Report” it was developed even further. The article concludes with reflections on two other terms that bear promise for the future: “Christ‐centredness” and “Theosis.”
Mission Is Not Only about Preaching
Authors: Niyonsaba Françoise 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article reflects on the mission of the church and how it is done. This article intends to show that the church is called not only to preach, but also to exercise diakonia and empower those at the margins who are also part of the body of Christ. Discipleship, the Great Commission Jesus entrusted to his disciples and the church, is not only to speak what the Bible says or to evangelize, but also to practise what the Bible says and to serve people in need. The church as the body of Christ is composed of all people from all nations, races, and tribes, weak and strong, rich and poor, and they all have equal rights. The church is called to participate in the mission of God by serving all creation. For that reason, the church should raise the voice of the voiceless, use its prophetic voice in times of violence and injustice, and advocate for peace and justice. Most of the time the church seems to be like the Priest and the Levite who neglected their colleague while the Samaritan saved him (Luke 10:29–35). The church seems not to see the injustice and oppression happening today and remains silent. But, again, it cannot work if injustice and oppression remain within the church. To spread peace and justice in the world, the church should first uproot the injustice and oppression within itself so that people see its fruits and come to Christ.
The Branch Is Linked to the Vine
Authors: Whitmore William 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMissiological and missio Dei literature primarily focuses on the outward nature of these concepts and their manifestation in the church and wider society. While beneficial, this has created a space in which the personal discipleship of the Christian participating in the missio Dei is often overlooked. Emphasis on personal discipleship has been considered self‐centred or misplaced; however, these perspectives miss the significance of the personal connection between the person engaging in the mission of God and the one who has sent them. This article will suggest that personal discipleship is an important factor in the witness to the missio Dei. The text uses Bonhoeffer’s work to define the term “discipleship.” Building upon this, the article will look at the metaphor of the vine and branch highlighted by Newbigin to discuss the importance of personal discipleship. The text concludes with the example of chaplaincy to describe the necessity of personal discipleship as central to the missio Dei and the witness of the Christian.
Translating evolving technology use into user stories: Technology life narratives of consumer technology use
Authors: Hedman Jonas , Bødker Mads , Gimpel Gregory , Damsgaard Jan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPeople acquire and buy technology in stores or online in the same way as any other consumer product, so understanding the user as a consumer of technology is essential. In this study, we investigate how the use of ubiquitous consumer technology evolves over time and suggest a theoretical account of how use evolves into different patterns of embodiment. Empirically, we followed 15 consumers of smartphones during a 6‐month field study and collected data via interviews, survey, and focus groups. Analytically, we view the user as a consumer of technology and develop three technology life narratives as patterns of embodiment. As a theoretical lens, we draw upon the theory of consumption values and approached use as a dynamic consumption process in which different values drive use over time. We found three distinct patterns of embodiment: that of conditionalists, aesthetic socialites, and functional enthusiasts. Conditionalists are pragmatic and use technology only when the device fulfils pre‐existing needs and the preferred alternative is unavailable. Aesthetic socialites use the technology as a fashion accessory and to manage their personal relationships. Functional enthusiasts are gadget lovers whose tinkering for the sake of exploration leads them to discover new needs that the technology can fulfil. Besides the three patterns of embodiment, we discovered a type of use that we argue falls outside of the values described in the theory of consumption values. This is the use of technology without any identifiable purpose other than just using the technology, which is driven by expositional value.
Reply to a correspondence addressing the European guideline for treatment of atopic eczema, functional textiles and the CLOTHES trial
Authors: Wollenberg A. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Christen‐Zäch S. , Ring J. 
Published: December 2018

Linked article: This article is commented on by B. Wüthrich et al., pp. e151–e153 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15382.
Methotrexate in atopic eczema. Comments to: Consensus‐based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part II
Authors: Goujon C. , Nicolas J.F. , Nosbaum A. 
Published: December 2018

Linked article: This article is commented on by A. Wollenberg et al., pp. e155–e156 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15377.
Hematological evaluation of free‐living golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) from an Urban Atlantic Forest
Authors: dos Santos Aline Vieira Pinheiro , de Souza Aline Moreira , Machado Camila de Souza Cerqueira , Bueno Marina Galvão , Catao‐Dias José Luiz , Campos Sabrina Destri Emmerick , Knackfuss Fabiana Batalha , Pissinatti Alcides , Kierulff Maria Cecília Martins , Silva Danilo Gomes de Freitas , Almosny Nádia Regina Pereira 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Atlantic Forest where the animals were captured is surrounded by residences, so this close contact could favor the presence of disease‐transmitting pathogens, putting the local population at risk. For these and other factors, it is important to perform laboratory tests enabling the performance of important diagnoses.MethodsBlood samples of 268 golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) inhabiting an Atlantic Forest area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were processed for accessing age and sex influence in hematological parameters and to establish normative hematology values.ResultsMean values of red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count were significantly higher in adult males than in adult females. Adult animals had significantly higher mean neutrophil count, and young animals had higher averages than adults in lymphocyte values. Anisocytosis and platelet indices parameters were also provided for the first time.ConclusionsAverages presented can be used as hematological parameters for golden‐headed lion tamarins.
Molecular detection of Bifidobacterium spp. in faeces of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra)
Authors: Hernández‐Rodríguez Dolores , Vásquez‐Aguilar Antonio Acini , Serio‐Silva Juan Carlos , Rebollar Eria Alaide , Azaola‐Espinosa Alejandro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundBifidobacterium genus are considered to be beneficial bacteria for their hosts; however, knowledge about the specific species that are part of the gut microbiome of howler monkeys is scarce. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a useful technique for the identification of non‐cultivable or difficult to grow bacterial species. With the goal of detecting species of the genus Bifidobacterium in black howler monkeys, we used PCR on DNA derived from faecal samples.MethodsWe collected and extracted DNA from 40 faecal samples. Using specific primers, we performed PCR and nested PCR to detect members of the Bifidobacterium genus and a subset of species: Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis.Results97.5% (39/40) of the samples were positive for Bifidobacterium spp. We found B longum in 100% of the analysed samples.ConclusionsThis is the first report of B longum in black howler monkey faeces.
Effects of cannabinoids in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) murine models: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Urbi Berzenn , Owusu Maame Amma , Hughes Ian , Katz Matthew , Broadley Simon , Sabet Arman 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from motor neuron damage. Cannabinoids have been proposed as treatments for ALS because of their anti‐excitotoxicity, anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. Preclinical studies in mice models of ALS have been published using a range of cannabinoid formulations and doses. To date, there has been no rigorous evaluation of these trials to assess a potential cannabinoid treatment effect. This review and meta‐analysis was undertaken to provide evidence for or against a treatment effect of cannabinoids in murine ALS models. Evidence of a treatment effect in mice may provide motivation for trials in human ALS. We identified a total of 10 studies; nine studies using cannabinoid treatment in transgenic SOD1‐G93A ALS‐model mice and one study in TDP‐43 transgenic mice. Eight of the nine studies that used SOD1‐G93A mice expressed similarly high copy numbers of the transgene while one study used a low‐copy number line. Outcomes evaluated were survival time and disease progression. The latter was measured by motor function and bodyweight decline. Meta‐analysis of the mean difference in survival time across the seven studies showed an increase in survival of 3.84 days (95% CI: 0.35–7.32 days; p = 0.031) for cannabinoid treated compared to control SOD1‐G93A mice. It was not possible to conduct meta‐analyses for motor function decline or weight loss. However, eight of nine studies reported significant improvements in measures of motor function decline and one reported non‐significant improvements. Weight loss was significantly attenuated in four of five studies reporting this measure while the other study reported a non‐significant attenuation. This review provides some evidence for the efficacy of cannabinoids in prolonging survival time in an ALS mouse model. A delay in disease progression is also suggested following cannabinoid treatment though it was not possible to consolidate the results from reviewed studies. However, studies have moderate to high risk of bias and are highly heterogeneous. Although this review provides some evidence to support the conduct of a cannabinoid trial in human ALS, more standardized studies on specific cannabinoids are necessary before supporting therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in treating patients with ALS.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Preregistration* because the study was pre‐registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=89274. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 168.
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HIV gp120‐induced neuroinflammation potentiates NMDA receptors to overcome basal suppression of inhibitory synapses by p38 MAPK
Authors: Zhang Xinwen , Green Matthew V. , Thayer Stanley A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder affects about half of HIV‐infected patients. HIV impairs neuronal function through indirect mechanisms mainly mediated by inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic viral proteins, such as the envelope protein gp120. HIV gp120 elicits a neuroinflammatory response that potentiates NMDA receptor function and induces the loss of excitatory synapses. How gp120 influences neuronal inhibition remains unknown. In this study, we expressed a green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged recombinant antibody‐like protein that binds to the post‐synaptic scaffolding protein gephyrin to label inhibitory synapses in living neurons. Treatment with 600 pM gp120 for 24 h increased the number of labeled inhibitory synapses. HIV gp120 evoked the release of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) from microglia to activate IL‐1 receptors on neurons. Subsequent activation of the tyrosine kinase Src and GluN2A‐containing NMDA receptors increased the number of inhibitory synapses via a process that required protein synthesis. In naïve cultures, inhibition of neuronal p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) increased the number of inhibitory synapses suggesting that p38 MAPK produces a basal suppression of inhibitory synapses that is overcome in the presence of gp120. Direct activation of a mutant form of p38 MAPK expressed in neurons mimicked basal suppression of inhibitory synapses. This study shows for the first time that gp120‐induced neuroinflammation increases the number of inhibitory synapses and that this increase overcomes a basal suppression of synaptic inhibition. Increased inhibition may be an adaptive mechanism enabling neurons to counteract excess excitatory input in order to maintain network homeostasis.Open Science BadgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Validation of the targeted metabolomic pathway in the hippocampus and comparative analysis with the prefrontal cortex of social defeat model mice
Authors: Xu Ke , He Yong , Chen Xi , Tian Yu , Cheng Ke , Zhang Lu , Wang Yue , Yang Deyu , Wang Haiyang , Wu Zhonghao , Li Yan , Lan Tianlan , Dong Zhifang , Xie Peng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe proportion of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients around the world has increased remarkably. Although many studies of MDD have been conducted based on classic hypotheses, like alteration of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis or monoamine neurotransmitters, the mechanisms underlying MDD remain unclear. Aiming to further investigate the mechanisms of MDD, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was employed to measure target metabolites in the hippocampus (HIPPO) of chronic social defeat stress model mice. Compared with control mice, stress‐susceptible mice showed a reduction of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid and kynurenic acid in the tryptophan pathway, and an increased level of dopamine in the catecholamine pathway, while stress‐resilient mice displayed a reduction of 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the tryptophan pathway. The altered levels of key molecules related to the tryptophan or dopamine metabolic pathways were validated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or western blotting. Comparative analysis with previous targeted metabolomics results in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of chronic social defeat stress mice revealed that the altered metabolites manifested in specific brain areas, and only the dopamine metabolic pathway was perturbed in both the HIPPO and PFC after stress. Additionally, correlation analysis validated that levels of kynurenic acid in the HIPPO, along with glutamic acid, L‐3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, and vanillylmandelic acid in the PFC, were correlated with depression‐like behaviors. This study provides a unique perspective on the potential molecular mechanisms of stress susceptibility and stress resilience.
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Chronic tubal pregnancy manifesting as a heterogeneous adnexal mass with prominent neovascularization in a woman with a negative serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin level
Authors: Fujita Kazuhisa , Iyoshi Shohei , Watanabe Kazuko , Takeda Akihiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA 41‐year‐old woman (gravida 2, para 1) underwent elective termination of pregnancy at approximately 7 weeks of gestation. At 1 month after the elective abortion, she was referred due to abnormal results in a cervical cytological examination. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous mass of 16 mm in diameter in the left adnexal region. At 3 months after her referral, the asymptomatic left adnexal mass had increased to 55 mm in diameter. Prominent vascular flow was detected in the solid portion by color Doppler ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging showed suspected hemorrhage in the left adnexal cystic mass. Three‐dimensional computerized tomographic angiography showed the prominent development of tortuous blood vessels in the left adnexal region, which originated from the left ovarian artery. The patient had a negative β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level. Left salpingectomy was performed by a single‐port laparoscopic approach. A pathological examination revealed degenerated villous tissue with β‐hCG‐positive syncytiotrophoblasts.
Physical response of dogs supplemented with fish oil during a treadmill training programme
Authors: Pellegrino Francisco Javier , Risso Analía , Relling Alejandro E. , Corrada Yanina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe rise in popularity of dog sports competitions has led to the evaluation of improvements in dog physical performance. The potential benefit of dietary supplementation with fish oil (FO) on the physical performance of human beings and horses has been reported. However, such effect has not been studied in dogs. We therefore evaluated the effect of FO dietary supplementation on heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT) and thigh circumference (TC) in dogs during aerobic treadmill training, and further determined HR response and blood lactate (BL) concentration during an incremental exercise test. Using a cross‐over design, eight male dogs were randomly assigned to two groups and received a standard balanced commercial diet (control, CG, n = 7) and the same diet supplemented with 54 mg FO/kg metabolic weight per day (FOG, n = 8). All dogs had 30‐min treadmill sessions at 8 km/hr and 7.5% slope twice a week for 12 weeks. Assessment of HR and RT was performed before and immediately after each session; HR was also assessed 5 min after the end of each session. Thigh circumference was evaluated before each session. All dogs performed an incremental exercise test on the treadmill at 0, 6 and 12 weeks to evaluate HR response and BL concentration. Data were analysed using the mixed procedure (SAS 9.4). In FOG, pre‐HR (−4.9%) and post‐HR (−2.4%) values and post‐RT (−0.3%) values were lower during treadmill training, whereas TC (+2.2%) values were higher as compared with CG (p < 0.01). Through the incremental exercise test, mean HR (week 6, −5.3%; week 12, −6.0%) values in FOG were lower than in CG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, FO supplementation slightly improved the physiological response of dogs to exercise during training.
Core Human Rights Concepts in Irish Health and Housing Policy Documents: In Search of Equity for People With ID
Authors: O'Donovan Mary‐Ann , Mannan Hasheem , McVeigh Joanne , Mc Carron Mary , McCallion Philip , Byrne Elaine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIf specific groups and their needs are excluded from policy, this exclusion may extend to service delivery and add to the inequities that already exist in health and housing access for vulnerable groups. The extent to which Irish housing/de‐institutionalization and health policies include core human rights concepts has not been examined previously. This article examines the extent to which the core human rights concepts for people with ID are represented in health and housing policies. EquiFrame was the analytical tool for examining six health and housing policies. EquiFrame analyzes policy content on commitment to core concepts of human rights and inclusion of vulnerable groups. Health and housing policies in Ireland, despite outlining a commitment to reducing health inequities, were not found to have a commitment to the core human rights concepts in relation to the specific needs of people with disabilities and people with an intellectual disability. Equity means inclusion of all people and includes recognition, acknowledgement, and monitoring of the specific needs and challenges faced by particular vulnerable population groups, and that these needs are being addressed through policy administered by federal oversight agencies. An implication of the findings is that the EquiFrame tool previously used in the health sector is also useful in considering housing policy. Furthermore, equity concerns need to be examined closely for people with ID because including all vulnerable groups in one aggregated category has been shown to conceal the specific needs and challenges that need to be addressed for specific vulnerable groups.
Shift work, sleep disturbances and social jetlag in healthcare workers
Authors: Hulsegge Gerben , Loef Bette , van Kerkhof Linda W. , Roenneberg Till , van der Beek Allard J. , Proper Karin I. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare chronotype‐ and age‐dependent sleep disturbances and social jetlag between rotating shift workers and non‐shift workers, and between different types of shifts. In the Klokwerk+ cohort study, we included 120 rotating shift workers and 74 non‐shift workers who were recruited from six Dutch hospitals. Participants wore Actigraph GT3X accelerometers for 24 hr for 7 days. From the Actigraph data, we predicted the sleep duration and social jetlag (measure of circadian misalignment). Mixed models and generalized estimation equations were used to compare the sleep parameters between shift and non‐shift workers. Within shift workers, sleep on different shifts was compared with sleep on work‐free days. Differences by chronotype and age were investigated using interaction terms. On workdays, shift workers had 3.5 times (95% confidence interval: 2.2–5.4) more often a short (< 7 hr per day) and 4.1 times (95% confidence interval: 2.5–6.8) more often a long (≥ 9 hr per day) sleep duration compared with non‐shift workers. This increased odds ratio was present in morning chronotypes, but not in evening chronotypes (interaction p‐value < .05). Older shift workers (≥ 50 years) had 7.3 times (95% confidence interval: 2.5–21.8) more often shorter sleep duration between night shifts compared with work‐free days, while this was not the case in younger shift workers (< 50 years). Social jetlag due to night shifts increased with increasing age (interaction p‐value < .05), but did not differ by chronotype (interaction p‐value ≥ .05). In conclusion, shift workers, in particular older workers and morning chronotypes, experienced more sleep disturbances than non‐shift workers. Future research should elucidate whether these sleep disturbances contribute to shift work‐related health problems.