bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zerlasiran—A Small-Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Nissen Steven E. , Wang Qiuqing , Nicholls Stephen J. , Navar Ann Marie , Ray Kausik K. , Schwartz Gregory G. , Szarek Michael , Stroes Erik S. G. , Troquay Roland , Dorresteijn Jannick A. N. , Fok Henry , Rider David A. , Romano Steven , Wolski Kathy , Rambaran Curtis 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceElevated lipoprotein(a) increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic stenosis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of zerlasiran, a small-interfering RNA targeting hepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein(a), on lipoprotein(a) serum concentration.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA multicenter trial in patients with stable ASCVD with serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations greater than or equal to 125 nmol/L at 26 sites in Europe and South Africa between January 3, 2023, and April 27, 2023, with last follow-up on July 1, 2024.InterventionsParticipants randomized to receive a subcutaneous dose of placebo every 16 weeks for 3 doses (n = 23) or every 24 weeks for 2 doses (n = 24) or zerlasiran 450 mg every 24 weeks for 2 doses (n = 45), 300 mg every 16 weeks for 3 doses (n = 42), or 300 mg every 24 weeks for 2 doses (n = 44).Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the time-averaged percent change in lipoprotein(a) concentration from baseline to 36 weeks, with follow-up to 60 weeks.ResultsAmong 178 patients, mean (SD) age was 63.7 (9.4) years, 46 (25.8%) were female, with a median (IQR) baseline lipoprotein(a) concentration of 213 (177-282) nmol/L; 172 patients completed the trial. Compared with the pooled placebo group, the least-squares mean time-averaged percent change in lipoprotein(a) concentration from baseline to week 36 was −85.6% (95% CI, −90.9% to −80.3%), −82.8% (95% CI, −88.2% to −77.4%), and −81.3% (95% CI, −86.7% to −76.0%) for the 450 mg every 24 weeks, 300 mg every 16 weeks, and 300 mg every 24 weeks groups, respectively. Median (IQR) percent change in lipoprotein(a) concentration at week 36 was −94.5% (−97.3% to −84.2%) for the 450 mg every 24 weeks group, −96.4% (−97.7% to −92.3%) for the 300 mg every 16 weeks group, and −90.0% (−93.7% to −81.3%) for the 300 mg every 24 weeks group. The most common treatment-related adverse effects were injection site reactions, with mild pain occurring in 2.3% to 7.1% of participants in the first day following drug administration. There were 20 serious adverse events in 17 patients, none considered related to the study drug.ConclusionsZerlasiran was well-tolerated and reduced time-averaged lipoprotein(a) concentration by more than 80% during 36 weeks of treatment in patients with ASCVD.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05537571
Temperature‐Induced Effects on Wet‐Spun Artificial Spider Silk Fibers
Authors: Greco Gabriele , Schmuck Benjamin , Fazio Vincenzo , Puglisi Giuseppe , Florio Giuseppe , Pugno Nicola Maria , Fambri Luca , Rising Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSilk‐based materials are sought after across various industries due to their remarkable properties, including high strength and flexibility. However, their practical application depends largely on how well these properties are maintained under different environmental conditions. Despite significant advancements in the large‐scale production of artificial silk fibers, the effects of temperature on their mechanical behavior are understudied. In this study, the mechanical properties of artificial spider silk fibers between −80 and +120 °C are examined and compared to both synthetic and natural silk fibers. The findings reveal that artificial silk fibers maintain their strength up to +120 °C, though the strain at break slightly decreases, remaining above 60%. At −80 °C, the fibers exhibit increased strength, but the strain at break is reduced. While these artificial fibers closely mimic the behavior of natural silk, they show a noticeable reduction in extensibility at low temperatures. Complementing experimental data, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis are also conducted, proposing a simple physical model to explain the observed temperature‐induced softening. Encouragingly, the degradation temperature of artificial silk is comparable to that of native silkworm and spider silk. This study underscores the importance of enhancing the mechanical robustness of artificial silk to expand its applications.
Field‐Programmable Topographic‐Morphing Array for General‐Purpose Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Systems
Authors: Fan Yangyang , Wu Huimin , Wang Jiao , Lv Jiu‐an 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLab‐on‐a‐chip systems seek to leverage microfluidic chips to enable small‐scale fluid manipulation, holding significant potential to revolutionize science and industry. However, existing microfluidic chips have been largely designed with static fluid structures for specific single‐purpose applications, which lack adaptability and flexibility for diverse applications. Inspired by the general‐purpose design strategy of the customizable chip of integrated circuit – field programmable gate array whose hardware can be reconfigured via software programming for multifunctionality after manufacturing, a conceptual‐new reconfigurable microfluidic chip — field programmable topographic morphing array (FPTMA) is devised with exceptional structural reconfiguration, field programmability, and function scalability for general‐purpose lab‐on‐a‐chip systems that beyond the reach of current state‐of‐art lab‐on‐chip systems. FPTMA can be software programmed to dynamically shape an elastic meta‐interface from the initial smooth structure into desired time‐varying topographic structures and thus generate spatiotemporal topographic‐morphing‐induced capillary forces to actively manipulate multidroplets in parallel and enable real‐time reconfiguring diverse microfluidic operations/functions/flow networks as well as workflows. It is envisioned that the development of the FPTMA‐driven lab‐on‐a‐chip systems that leverage dynamic interfacial topographies to digitally handle microfluidics would significantly stimulate numerous technological innovations in biology/medicine/chemistry.
In Situ Fabricated Perovskite Quantum Dots: From Materials to Applications
Authors: Wu Xian‐gang , Jing Yuyu , Zhong Haizheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to the low formation enthalpy and high defect tolerance, in situ fabricated perovskite quantum dots offer advantages such as easy fabrication and superior optical properties. This paper reviews the methodologies, functional materials of in situ fabricated perovskite quantum dots, including polymer nanocomposites, quantum dots doped glasses, mesoporous nanocomposites, quantum dots‐embedded single crystals, and electroluminescent films. This study further highlights the industrial breakthroughs of in situ fabricated perovskite quantum dots, especially the scale‐up fabrication and stability enhancement. Finally, the fundamental challenges in developing perovskite quantum dots for industrial applications are discussed, with a focus on photoinduced degradation under high‐intensity light irradiation, ion migration under electrical bias and thermal quenching at high temperature.
Digital Quantitative Detection for Heterogeneous Protein and mRNA Expression Patterns in Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Li Hao , Li Jinze , Zhang Zhiqi , Yang Qi , Du Hong , Dong Qiongzhu , Guo Zhen , Yao Jia , Li Shuli , Li Dongshu , Pang Nannan , Li Chuanyu , Zhang Wei , Zhou Lianqun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) circulating tumor cells (CTCs) exhibit significant phenotypic heterogeneity and diverse gene expression profiles due to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, current detection methods lack the capacity for simultaneous quantification of multidimensional biomarkers, impeding a comprehensive understanding of tumor biology and dynamic changes. Here, the CTC Digital Simultaneous Cross‐dimensional Output and Unified Tracking (d‐SCOUT) technology is introduced, which enables simultaneous quantification and detailed interpretation of HCC transcriptional and phenotypic biomarkers. Based on self‐developed multi‐real‐time digital PCR (MRT‐dPCR) and algorithms, d‐SCOUT allows for the unified quantification of Asialoglycoprotein Receptor (ASGPR), Glypican‐3 (GPC‐3), and Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) proteins, as well as Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD‐L1), GPC‐3, and EpCAM mRNA in HCC CTCs, with good sensitivity (LOD of 3.2 CTCs per mL of blood) and reproducibility (mean %CV = 1.80–6.05%). In a study of 99 clinical samples, molecular signatures derived from HCC CTCs demonstrated strong diagnostic potential (AUC = 0.950, sensitivity = 90.6%, specificity = 87.5%). Importantly, by integrating machine learning, d‐SCOUT allows clustering of CTC characteristics at the mRNA and protein levels, mapping normalized heterogeneous 2D molecular profiles to assess HCC metastatic risk. Dynamic digital tracking of eight HCC patients undergoing different treatments visually illustrated the therapeutic effects, validating this technology's capability to quantify the treatment efficacy. CTC d‐SCOUT enhances understanding of tumor biology and HCC management.
Biomimetic Dehydrogenative Intermolecular Formal Allylic Amidation of Branched α‐Olefins
Authors: Fu Xiaoyang , Tian Jiarui , Zhang Mingjun , Jing Yue , Liu Yuxiu , Song Hongjian , Wang Qingmin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAllylic amide moieties are commonly encountered in natural products and are privileged structures in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Moreover, because allylic amide can be to converted into an array of high‐value motifs, they have been widely employed in organic synthesis. However, the development of catalytic systems for intermolecular allylic amidation of olefins, particularly branched α‐olefins, has proven to be challenging. Here, a biomimetic, synergistic catalytic method is reported that combines photoredox, cobalt, and Brønsted base catalysis for the synthesis of substituted allylic amides from branched α‐olefins and simple imides without using oxidants. This low‐cost, operationally simple method features a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility. Moreover, it is successfully used for the functionalization of several structurally complex molecules demonstrating the method's potential utility for medicinal chemistry applications. Mechanistic studies revealed that C(sp3)─N bond formation is mediated by a nitrogen‐centered radical intermediate, which is generated via a sequence involving deprotonation and single‐electron oxidation.
High Mobility, High Carrier Density SnSe2 Field‐Effect Transistors with Ultralow Subthreshold Swing and Gate‐Controlled Photoconductance Switching
Authors: Huang Yuan , Sutter Eli , Parkinson Bruce A. , Sutter Peter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract2D and layered semiconductors are considered as promising electronic materials, particularly for applications that require high carrier mobility and efficient field‐effect switching combined with mechanical flexibility. To date, however, the highest mobility has been realized primarily at low carrier concentration. Here, it is shown that few‐layer/multilayer SnSe2 gated by a solution top gate combines very high room‐temperature electron mobility (up to 800 cm2 V−1s−1), along with large on‐off current ratios (>105) and a subthreshold swing below the thermodynamic limit (50 mV per decade) in field‐effect devices, at exceptionally large sheet carrier concentrations of ≈1013 cm−2. Observed mobility enhancements upon partial depletion of the channel point to near‐surface defects or impurities as the mobility‐limiting scattering centers. Under illumination, the resulting gap states give rise to gate‐controlled switching between positive and negative photoconductance. The results qualify SnSe2 as a promising layered semiconductor for flexible and wearable electronics, as well as for the realization of advanced approaches to photodetection.
Liver resection in patients with a history of local ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma has the risk of poor survival and serosal invasion
Authors: Nishi Yusuke , Sakamoto Katsunori , Uraoka Mio , Nagaoka Tomoyuki , Honjo Masahiko , Tamura Kei , Funamizu Naotake , Ogawa Kohei , Takada Yasutsugu , Umeda Yuzo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the impact of previous local ablation (LA) on long‐term prognoses and tumor histopathological findings following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThis retrospective study used data from patients who underwent initial hepatectomy for HCC at Ehime University Hospital between October 2003 and July 2021. Using data from a total of 234 patients, after excluding patients with distant metastasis or macroscopic residual tumors and patients with mixed HCC, a group of 39 patients who underwent post‐ablation liver resection (PALR) was compared with a group of 195 non‐PALR patients with respect to patient characteristics, perioperative data, pathological findings, and outcomes.ResultsNumber of tumors was significantly greater and diameter of tumor was smaller in PALR group than those of non‐PALR group. Both overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were significantly poor in PALR group than those of non‐PALR (5‐year OS 54.1% vs. 66.9%, p = 0.024; 5‐year RFS 24.7% vs. 37.0%, p = 0.019). However, PALR was not selected as independent prognosticator in multivariate analyses. In PALR group, tumor size ≥3 cm was sole independent prognosticator in multivariate analyses. Multivariate analysis showed that PALR [odds ratio (OR), 8.989; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.807–28.787], alpha‐fetoprotein level >40 ng/mL (OR, 2.923; 95% CI, 1.063–8.035), and des‐γ‐carboxyprothrombin level >170 mAU/mL (OR, 5.164; 95% CI, 1.622–16.438) were independent predictors of pathological serosal invasion.ConclusionsHepatectomy for patients with history of LA for HCC had a risk of serosal invasion and poor survival.
Visible light induced reactions of quinones
Authors: Jang Jihoon , Lee Gayeon , Cho Eun Jin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis review covers the visible light induced reactions of quinones such as benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, and anthraquinone. These quinones are distinguished by their fully conjugated structures, which feature minimal energy gaps, and nonbonding electron pairs on the oxygen atoms. Such structural attributes facilitate np → π* transition, allowing for easy access to excited states and rendering quinones highly reactive under visible‐light irradiation. We describe three primary types of reactions facilitated by these electronic characteristics: Paternò–Büchi (PB) reactions, which entail [2 + 2] photocycloaddition between the carbonyl groups of quinones and alkenes or alkynes; CH activation processes, which showcase quinones' versatility in functionalizing hydrocarbons; and the formation of electron donor–acceptor complexes, demonstrating quinones' capability to engage in charge transfer interactions. Through this review, we highlight the critical role quinones play in photochemistry, their unique electronic properties, and their broad applicability in synthetic organic chemistry.
Scalable Bulk Synthesis of Phase‐Pure γ‐Sn3N4 as a Model for an Argon‐Flow‐Mediated Metathesis Reaction
Authors: Zipkat Mirjam , Koldemir Aylin , Block Theresa , Ceniza Claude , Boyko Teak D. , Kläger Sebastian , Pritzl Reinhard M. , Moewes Alexander , Pöttgen Rainer , Rudel Stefan S. , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNitrides represent a promising class of materials for a variety of applications. However, bulk synthesis remains a challenging task due to the stability of the N2 molecule. In this study, we introduce a simple and scalable approach for synthesizing nitride bulk materials. Moderate reaction temperatures are achieved by using reactive starting materials, slow and continuous mixing of the starting materials, and by dissipating heat generated during the reaction. The impact on the synthesis of using different starting materials as nitrogen source and the influence of a flux were examined. γ‐Sn3N4 was selected as the model compound. The synthesis of pure γ‐Sn3N4 bulk material on a large scale has still been a challenge, although a few synthesis methods were already described in the literature. Here we synthesized γ‐Sn3N4 by metathesis reaction of argon‐diluted SnCl4 with Li3N, Mg3N2 or Ca3N2 as nitrogen sources. Products were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, dynamic flash combustion analysis, hot gas extraction analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. Additionally, single‐crystal diffraction data of γ‐Sn₃N₄, previously unavailable, were successfully collected.
Fine‐needle aspiration and effusion cytology of thoracic SMARCA4–deficient undifferentiated tumor and SMARCA4‐deficient non–small cell lung carcinoma: A multi‐institutional experience with 27 patients
Authors: Zalles Nicole , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Satturwar Swati , Lajara Sigfred , Khader Samer , Pantanowitz Liron , Elsheikh Tarik M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThoracic switch/sucrose nonfermentable–related, matrix‐associated, actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4 (SMARCA4)–deficient (SD) malignancies, including SD undifferentiated tumor (SD‐UT) and SD non–small cell lung carcinoma (SD‐NSCLC), have been recently described. The cytologic features of these neoplasms in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and effusion specimens have rarely been reported in the literature. This study aimed to describe and compare the spectrum of cytologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical features of these high‐grade malignancies recently encountered at the participating institutions.MethodsThis study documented clinical and imaging characteristics of tumors from 27 patients. Sixteen cytomorphologic features and immunohistochemical findings were compared between SD‐UT and SD‐NSCLC samples.ResultsTwenty three FNAs, two bronchial brushings, and two pleural fluids were evaluated, including 17 SD‐UT cases (mean patient age, 70 years) and 10 SD‐NSCLC cases (mean patient age, 62 years). Both malignancies presented with large thoracic masses and/or hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy. All SD‐UT cytologic samples had a discohesive or mixed cohesive–discohesive architecture, and most (13 of 17) showed predominant rhabdoid or mixed rhabdoid–epithelioid features. Most SD‐NSCLC cytologic samples (nine of 10) were either cohesive or mixed cohesive–discohesive and had a predominantly epithelioid morphology (eight of 10). Keratins and claudin‐4 were negative or focally positive in SD‐UT samples, whereas they were diffusely positive in SD‐NSCLC samples. Both malignancies were negative for TTF‐1 and p40/p63 and showed loss of expression of SMARCA4.ConclusionsAlthough there is considerable clinical and cytopathologic overlap between SD‐UT and SD‐NSCLC, some key features allow for their distinction. SD‐UT is mostly discohesive with rhabdoid or mixed rhabdoid–epithelioid features, whereas SD‐NSCLC often has cohesive epithelioid morphology. The combination of clinical presentation, cytomorphology, and immunohistochemistry is essential for a definitive diagnosis.
A Three‐Phase Omnidirectional Wireless Charger Based on Segmented Arc‐Shaped Coupler With High Anti‐Rotation Offset Feature for AUVs
Authors: Yu Huiying , Liu Hongchen , Wang Youzheng , Wheeler Patrick 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWhen the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is charged by wireless charging technology (WCT), the coupler will be misalignment due to the impact of marine environment factors, which can lead to the weak stability of the system output. Besides, the electromagnetic field generated by the coaxial coil is concentrated in the center of the AUV hull, and the strong electromagnetic field may interfere with the normal operation of the power electronic equipment inside the AUVs. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a novel coupler with high anti‐offset and suppression of the central magnetic field of the AUVs. The coupler is composed of a three‐phase segmented arc‐shaped transmitter coils and a cylindrical receiver coil. The coupler can implement the suppression of the AUV central magnetic field and the promotion of anti‐rotation offset feature under the omnidirectional uniform magnetic field control method. To better adapt the proposed coupler and meet the battery charging requirements, a three‐phase wireless charging topology with a relay is designed, which can acquire the smooth transition between the two charging modes without constructing the wireless communication between two sides and detecting the state of charge (SOC). Finally, to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme, a 1‐kW AUV wireless charging prototype is built. The experimental results indicate that the maximum output power fluctuation rate of the system is 1.1% in the case of the full‐angle rotation offset.
A Simple 18‐Pulse Uncontrolled Star Rectifier by Adopting Dual Passive Injection Circuits at DC Side
Authors: Liya Afia Fahmida , Malek Md. Abdul , Hasan Parvez , Khan Muhammad Abdul Goffar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis research introduces a simple 18‐pulse star rectifier, which is a combination of a conventional double‐star rectifier and two new passive injection circuits. The proposed passive injection circuits are constituted with a specially tapped interphase transformer (STIPT) and four diodes. The proposed passive injection circuits can simultaneously increase the step number of the input line current and the pulse number of the load voltage. The first passive injection circuit (FPIC) doubles the pulse number of the traditional double‐star rectifier converting it into an asymmetrical 12‐pulse star rectifier while the second passive injection circuit (SPIC) further converts the 12‐pulse star rectifier into 18‐pulse star rectifier. For tripling the pulse number of the double‐star rectifier, the STIPT requires to be designed optimally. For designing purpose, the proper tap ratios of the STIPT are determined depending on the minimum total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input line current. When designed optimally, the proposed rectifier simultaneously reduces the THD of the input line current and ripple of the output voltage with increasing pulses. In order to provide experimental validation for the theoretical evaluation, a laboratory prototype is constructed. The theoretical THD of the input line current is about 10.1%, whereas the experimental THD is about 5.42%.
Real‐Time Energy Management System for a Hybrid Renewable Microgrid System
Authors: Bipongo Christian Ndeke , Adonis Marco , Almaktoof Ali 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper gives a detailed study for the design and implementation of an energy management system (EMS) for a hybrid renewable microgrid system using real‐time software. Microgrids, with their ability to integrate renewable energy sources, face challenges in maintaining stability and reliability. The implemented EMS aimed to maximize the renewable energy sources utilization, including PV and wind power, in conjunction with a battery energy storage system. The objectives of this research included the implementation of an EMS that ensures a reliable and stable operation between the microgrid system and the main grid including the control of charge and discharge of the battery using Typhoon Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop (HIL) software. The simulation results and case studies demonstrated the effectiveness and performance of the developed EMS in managing a hybrid renewable microgrid system. The results also demonstrated that the time of charging was maximized by utilizing a higher power. By doing so, the battery was fully charged in a shorter timeframe. The battery state of charge (SOC) was maintained between the fixed values (20% and 100%) as stated by the algorithm.