bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The public rely on me a lot’: Rural pharmacists’ perspectives on their roles in oral health care
Authors: Hoang Ha , Barnett Tony , Kirschbaum Mark , Dunbar Stephanie , Wong Rita 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine rural pharmacists’ perspectives on their roles in oral health in rural communities and collaborations with dental practitioners.DesignA qualitative research study using face‐to‐face, semistructured interviews. Interview data were thematically analysed with the assistance of Nvivo 10.SettingEleven rural communities across rural Tasmania.ParticipantsTwenty community pharmacists.ResultsFive major themes emerged: (i) barriers for patients to access dental services; (ii) oral health presentations to rural pharmacies; (iii) roles of pharmacists in oral health care (subthemes: advice; health promotion; and referrals); (iv) collaborations with dental practitioners; and (v) oral health education and training.ConclusionThis study suggests that rural community pharmacists had advisory and referral roles in oral health and acknowledged that they could play a greater role in oral health promotion. It was suggested that oral health could be incorporated into existing pharmacy health promotion and surveillance activities. There was a lack of collaboration between pharmacists and dentists or dental services and limited oral health education and training provided to pharmacists. Stronger collaboration between pharmacists and dental practitioners and better oral health training for pharmacists may enhance their role in promoting oral health within rural communities.
Multi‐centre study found that strict adherence to guidelines led to computed tomography scans being overused in children with minor head injuries
Authors: Niele Nicky , van Houten Marlies A. , Boersma Bart , Biezeveld Maarten H. , Douma Matthijs , Heitink Katja , ten Tusscher Gavin W. , Tromp Ellen , van Goudoever Johannes B. , Plötz Frans B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimOur primary aim was to calculate the head computed tomography (CT) scan rate in children with a minor head injury (MHI) when the Dutch National guidelines were followed in clinical practice. The secondary aim was to determine the incidence of CT abnormalities and the guideline predictors associated with traumatic abnormalities.MethodsWe performed a multi‐centre, prospective observational cross‐sectional study in the emergency departments of six hospitals in The Netherlands between 1 April 2015 and 31 December 2016.ResultsData on 1002 patients were studied and 69% of cases complied with the guidelines. The overall CT rate was 44% and the incidence of traumatic abnormal CT findings was 13%. CT scans were performed in 19% of children under two years of age, 48% of children between two and five years and 63% of children aged six years or more. Multivariate regression analysis for all age categories showed that CT abnormalities were predicted by a Glasgow Coma Scale of less than 15, suspicion of a basal skull fracture, vomiting and scalp haematomas or external lesions of the skull.ConclusionStrict adherence to the Dutch national guidelines resulted in CT overuse. New guidelines are needed to safely reduce CT scan indications.
Glutamate and GABA neurotransmission are increased in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in rats induced to 6‐OHDA parkinsonism: Involvement of nNOS
Authors: Turossi Amorim Eric Diego , de Jager Lorena , Martins Andressa Busetti , Rodrigues Ananda Totti , Cruz Lucchetti Bruno Fernando , Ariza Deborah , Pinge‐Filho Phileno , Crestani Carlos Cesar , Uchoa Ernane Torres , Martins‐Pinge Marli Cardoso 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that manifests itself clinically after reaching an advanced pathological stage. Besides motor signals, PD patients present cardiovascular and autonomic alterations. Recent data showed that rats induced to Parkinsonism by 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) administration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) showed lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), as reduction in sympathetic modulation. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is an important site for autonomic and cardiovascular control, and amino acid neurotransmission has a central role. We evaluate PVN amino acid neurotransmission in cardiovascular and autonomic effects of 6‐OHDA Parkinsonism.MethodsMale Wistar rats were submitted to guide cannulas implantation into the PVN. 6‐OHDA or sterile saline (sham) was administered bilaterally in the SNpc. After 7 days, cardiovascular recordings in conscious state was performed.ResultsBicuculline promoted an increase in MAP and HR in sham group and exacerbated those effects in 6‐OHDA group. NBQX (non‐NMDA inhibitor) did not promote changes in sham as in 6‐OHDA group. On the other hand, PVN microinjection of LY235959 (NMDA inhibitor) in sham group did not induced cardiovascular alterations, but decreased MAP and HR in 6‐OHDA group. Compared to Sham group, 6‐OHDA lesion increased the number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)‐immunoreactive neurons in the PVN and, nNOS inhibition promoted higher increases in MAP and HR.ConclusionOur data suggest that the decreased baseline blood pressure and heart rate in animals with Parkinsonism may be due to an increased GABAergic tone via nNOS in the PVN.
Effects of grazing regimes on the temporal dynamics of grassland communities
Authors: Boavista Lidiane da Rosa , Trindade José Pedro Pereira , Overbeck Gerhard Ernst , Müller Sandra Cristina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuestionsGrazing management influences grassland community dynamics, but few studies exist on the effects of specific management regimes in subtropical grasslands. Here, we ask how rotational and continuous grazing influences the composition, diversity, and biomass production of natural grasslands in southern Brazil.LocationThe study was conducted at four cattle farms within the south Brazilian grassland region (Campos Sulinos), in the upper area of the Camaquã river basin of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.MethodsOn each farm, grassland that had previously been subjected to continuous grazing (freely grazed by cattle) was divided into two experimental units; one managed by rotational grazing and the other maintained under continuous grazing. In each experimental unit, 14 permanent plots were monitored over six years for species composition and species biomass. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models to evaluate the effects of grazing management strategies on composition dissimilarity, diversity indices, and plant biomass.ResultsGrasslands under a rotational grazing regime changed steadily over the period of evaluation. Total biomass and species distribution patterns greatly differed from those in plots subjected to continuous grazing, leading to changes in species richness, dominance, and composition, as well as to an increase in overall plant biomass.ConclusionsCommunity changes during the six‐year study period as a consequence of the distinct grazing treatments were evident. Grasslands under rotational grazing management benefitted from less selective grazing, enabling a more uniform growth of species within the communities, which in turn were richer at the end of the six‐year experiment. In contrast, the proportion of grazing‐resistant species or less‐consumed species was higher under continuous grazing, where foraging by cattle appears to be more selective. Rotational grazing thus not only leads to higher species richness and diversity, but also to higher primary and, in consequence, secondary productivity.
Prothymosin‐α enhances phosphatase and tensin homolog expression and binds with tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 to regulate Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 signaling in human bladder cancer
Authors: Tsai Yuh‐Shyan , Jou Yeong‐Chin , Tsai Hsin‐Tzu , Shiau Ai‐Li , Wu Chao‐Liang , Tzai Tzong‐Shin 
Published: February 2019

Prothymosin‐α (PTMA) is a small, acidic protein that is usually transported into the nucleus and involves many cellular and immunological functions. Previous studies demonstrated that aberrant location of PTMA expression exists in human bladder cancer, but the role of PTMA protein expression remains elusive. In this study, we created ectopic nuclear or cytoplasmic PTMA expression in human bladder cancer cells by infecting lentiviruses carrying wild type or deleted nuclear localization signal of the PTMA gene. The in vivo tumorigenesis assay showed PTMA protein with deleted nuclear localization signal promotes J82 xenograft tumor growth in mice and shortens their survival more so than the wild type. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that wild‐type PTMA protein binds to the PTEN promoter and enhances phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression. Through immunoblot proteomics and in vivo ubiquitination studies, PTMA protein can bind with tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 (TRIM21) and block its ubiquitination. Also, TRIM21 can downregulate both forms of PTMA protein. In human bladder tumors, loss of nuclear PTMA expression was an unfavorable prognostic indicator for shorter disease‐free survival (hazard ratio, 1.54; P = 0.009). Our data support that nuclear PTMA protein serves as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer through upregulating PTEN and orchestrating TRIM21 for the regulation of Nrf2 signaling.
A high‐quality homology model for the human dopamine transporter validated for drug design purposes
Authors: Castellana Matthew C. , Castellar Montes Andrea , Sprague Jon E. , Mahfouz Tarek M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe human dopamine transporter (hDAT) plays many vital functions within the central nervous system and is thus targeted by many pharmaceutical agents. Dopamine‐related therapies are in current development for individuals with dopamine‐related disorders including depression, Parkinson's disease, and psychostimulant addictions such as cocaine abuse. Yet, most efforts to develop new dopamine therapies are within costly structure–activity relationship studies. Through structure‐based drug design techniques, the binding site of hDAT can be utilized to develop novel selective and potent dopamine therapies at reduced costs. However, no structural models of hDAT specifically validated for rational drug design purposes currently exist. Here, using the Drosophila dopamine transporter as a template, a homology model for the hDAT was developed and validated. The model was able to reproduce experimental binding modes with great accuracy, was able to rank inhibitors in the correct order of increasing potency with an R2 value of 0.81 for the test set, and it also outperformed other published hDAT models. Thus, the model can be used reliably in structure‐based drug design projects.
Confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Sicen , Yang Jun , Hu Jinbo , Song Ying , He Wenwen , Yang Shumin , Luo Rong , Li Qifu 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveSaline infusion test (SIT), captopril challenge test (CCT), fludrocortisone suppression test (FST) and oral sodium loading test (SLT) are recommended by the Endocrine Society's Clinical Practice Guidelines to diagnose primary aldosteronism, but which one is the best remains controversial. We aimed to summarize the available comparative data and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these four tests.DesignWe searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published between January 1980 and January 2018.PatientsEligible studies reported on the accuracy of one or more of the four confirmatory tests in patients suspected of PA.MeasurementsTwo reviewers independently conducted the data extraction of all selected studies, which consisted of study characteristics and data to estimate the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and the corresponding summary area under the curve (SAUC), pooled sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsWe identified 26 articles including 3686 patients. Fifteen articles evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of CCT, 10 of SIT, 1 of FST and none of SLT. For CCT, the SAUC was 0.9207, and the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84‐0.89) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.81‐0.86), respectively. For SIT, the SAUC was 0.9232, and the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82‐0.87) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85‐0.89), respectively. For FST, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.66‐0.97) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.82‐0.99), respectively. Overall, we found no significant differences in the diagnostic accuracy of CCT and SIT.ConclusionsCCT and SIT exhibit high and comparable accuracy for diagnosing PA. CCT may be a more feasible alternative as it is safe and much easier to perform.
Evaluating the predicted impact of changes to the AJCC/TMN staging system for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC): A prospective observational study of patients in South East Scotland
Authors: Hulse Kate , Williamson Adam , Gibb Fraser W. , Conn Brendan , Nixon Iain J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the impact of the eighth edition AJCC/TMN staging system on patients with new diagnoses of differentiated thyroid cancers presenting to our regional multidisciplinary team meetings.DesignWe analysed Endocrine Cancer MDT meeting records from 2009 to 2015 to identify all patients in the region presenting with a new diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer. We re‐staged patients according to the eighth edition AJCC/TNM staging classification and analysed the survival outcomes of patients in each stage under the seventh and eighth systems.SettingTertiary referral centre in South East Scotland (NHS Lothian).ParticipantsThree hundred and sixty‐one patients were newly diagnosed with DTC within South East Scotland during the study period and met our inclusion criteria. Main outcome measures: Disease‐specific mortality at any time during follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 119 of 361 (33%) patients were re‐staged when the eighth edition AJCC/TMN system was applied. The number of patients classified as having advanced stage (III/IV) disease fell from 76 (21%) to 8 (2%). The most common reason for down‐staging was re‐classification of tumour size, a factor in 96 (80.7%) down‐staged patients. The five‐year disease‐specific survival of the cohort overall was 98%. Overall, 7 (1.9%) thyroid cancer–related deaths occurred during follow‐up, three of whom were down‐staged.ConclusionsOn implementation of the eighth edition of the AJCC/TMN staging system, we expect many patients who would previously have been considered to have advanced thyroid cancer will now be classified as early stage. This will accurately reflect their excellent survival outcomes.
Aquaculture and the displacement of fisheries captures
Authors: Longo Stefano B. , Clark Brett , York Richard , Jorgenson Andrew K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn modern aquaculture, animal‐production technology is used to increase aquatic food sources. Such controlled rearing of seafood can, in principle, shift the pressure off wild stocks and aquatic ecosystems by reducing fishing activities, which may advance marine conservation goals. We examined resource displacement—the reduced consumption of a resource due to its replacement with a more environmentally benign substitute—in fisheries. We employed panel regression techniques in an analysis of time‐series data from 1970 through 2014 to assess the extent to which aquaculture production displaced fisheries captures for all nations for which data were available. We estimated 9 models to assess whether aquaculture production suppresses captures once other factors related to demand have been controlled for. Only 1 model predicted significant suppression of fisheries captures associated with aquaculture systems within nations over time. These results suggest that global aquaculture production does not substantially displace fisheries capture; instead, aquaculture production largely supplements fisheries capture.
Infants recognize counting as numerically relevant
Authors: Wang Jinjing (Jenny) , Feigenson Lisa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChildren do not understand the meanings of count words like “two” and “three” until the preschool years. But even before knowing the meanings of these individual words, might they recognize that counting is “about” the dimension of number? Here in five experiments, we asked whether infants already associate counting with quantities. We measured 14‐ and 18‐month olds’ ability to remember different numbers of hidden objects that either were or were not counted by an experimenter before hiding. As in previous research, we found that infants failed to differentiate four hidden objects from two when the objects were not counted—suggesting an upper limit on the number of individual objects they could represent in working memory. However, infants succeeded when the objects were simply counted aloud before hiding. We found that counting also helped infants differentiate four hidden objects from six (a 2:3 ratio), but not three hidden objects from four (a 3:4 ratio), suggesting that counting helped infants represent the arrays’ approximate cardinalities. Hence counting directs infants’ attention to numerical aspects of the world, showing that they recognize counting as numerically relevant years before acquiring the meanings of number words.
Pomalidomide‐dexamethasone for treatment of soft‐tissue plasmacytomas in patients with relapsed / refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Jiménez‐Segura Raquel , Granell Miquel , Gironella Mercè , Abella Eugenia , García‐Guiñón Antoni , Oriol Albert , Cabezudo Elena , Clapés Victoria , Soler Joan Alfons , Escoda Lourdes , López-Pardo Jordi , Fernández de Larrea Carlos , Cibeira Maria Teresa , Tovar Natalia , Isola Ignacio , Bladé Joan , Rosiñol Laura ,   GEMMAC (Grup per l l'estudi del mieloma mútiple i l'amiloïdosi de Catalunya)
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe presence of plasmacytomas (Ps) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with a poor outcome, both in patients treated conventionally and in patients treated with novel agents. Two types of plasmacytomas have being recognized: paraskeletal plasmacytomas (PPs) and extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs), being the incidence of EMPs lower but with worse prognosis. Our aim has been to analyze the efficacy of the pomalidomide‐dexamethasone combination in this patient profile.MethodIn the present study, the efficacy of pomalidomide and dexamethasone in 21 patients from nine hospitals of Catalonia (Spain), with relapsed or refractory MM and Ps, was analyzed. For this purpose, we describe the evolution of paraprotein in serum and urine and the size of plasmacytomas during treatment with pomalidomide‐dexamethasone.ResultsWhile 34% of the patients achieved a paraprotein response, only two patients with PPs (9%) responded (RC and PR). There were no responses among patients with EMPs. The median progression‐free survival from the start of treatment with pomalidomide/dexamethasone was only 1.7 months and the median overall survival of 4.5 months.ConclusionIn conclusion, pomalidomide and dexamethasone has limited efficacy in patients with advanced MM and soft‐tissue plasmacytomas.
A subset of calcium‐binding S100 proteins show preferential heterodimerization
Authors: Spratt Donald E. , Barber Kathryn R. , Marlatt Nicole M. , Ngo Vy , Macklin Jillian A. , Xiao Yiming , Konermann Lars , Duennwald Martin L. , Shaw Gary S. 
Published: February 2019

The assembly of proteins into dimers and oligomers is a necessary step for the proper function of transcription factors, muscle proteins, and proteases. In uncontrolled states, oligomerization can also contribute to illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. The S100 protein family is a group of dimeric proteins that have important roles in enzyme regulation, cell membrane repair, and cell growth. Most S100 proteins have been examined in their homodimeric state, yet some of these important proteins are found in similar tissues implying that heterodimeric molecules can also be formed from the combination of two different S100 members. In this work, we have established co‐expression methods in order to identify and quantify the distribution of homo‐ and heterodimers for four specific pairs of S100 proteins in their calcium‐free states. The split GFP trap methodology was used in combination with other GFP variants to simultaneously quantify homo‐ and heterodimeric S100 proteins in vitro and in living cells. For the specific S100 proteins examined, NMR, mass spectrometry, and GFP trap experiments consistently show that S100A1:S100B, S100A1:S100P, and S100A11:S100B heterodimers are the predominant species formed compared to their corresponding homodimers. We expect the tools developed here will help establish the roles of S100 heterodimeric proteins and identify how heterodimerization might alter the specificity for S100 protein action in cells.
Primary cutaneous large B‐cell lymphomas: relevance of the 2017 World Health Organization classification: clinicopathological and molecular analyses of 64 cases
Authors: Menguy Sarah , Beylot‐Barry Marie , Parrens Marie , Ledard Anne‐Pham , Frison Eric , Comoz François , Battistella Maxime , Szablewski Vanessa , Balme Brigitte , Croue Anne , Franck Frédéric , Ortonne Nicolas , Tournier Emilie , Lamant Laurence , Carlotti Agnès , De Muret Anne , Le Gall François , Lorton Marie‐Hélène , Merlio Jean‐Philippe , Vergier Béatrice 
Published: February 2019

AimsWe applied the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria to categorise a series of 64 primary cutaneous large B‐cell lymphomas (PCLBCLs), containing a majority (≥80%) of large cells and a proliferative rate of ≥40%, raising the problem of the differential diagnosis between PCLBCL, leg type (PCLBCL‐LT) and primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma, large cell (PCFCL‐LC). The aims were to determine the reproducibility and prognostic relevance of the 2017 WHO criteria.Methods and resultsMorphology and phenotype identified 32 PCLBCLs‐LT and 25 PCFCLs‐LC; seven cases (11%) remained unclassified. Morphology was less reproducible than immunophenotype. Pertinent markers for the differential diagnosis were MUM1, FOXP1, CD10, and IgM. bcl‐2 and bcl‐6 were expressed by both PCFCLs‐LC and PCLBCLs‐LT at substantial levels. Neither Ki67 expression nor p63 expression was of diagnostic value. MYD88 was found to be mutated only in PCLBCLs‐LT (n = 22, 69%). According to Hans/Hans modified algorithms, 23 of 25 PCFCLs‐LC had germinal centre (GC) status, and the 32 PCLBCLs‐LT had non‐GC status. Overall survival was poorer for PCLBCLs‐LT than PCFCLs‐LC (P = 0.0002). Non‐GC cases had poorer overall survival than GC cases (P = 0.0007). In PCLBCLs‐LT, MYC expression was associated with cutaneous relapses (P = 0.014). When GC/non‐GC status was applied to unclassified cases, only a single case remained discordant.ConclusionsOur results support the 2017 WHO classification criteria for PCLBCL diagnosis. The Hans modified algorithm using CD10 and MUM1 distinguished PCFCLs‐LC from PCLBCLs‐LT with optimal diagnostic value without requiring bcl‐6 immunolabelling (poorly reproducible). Rare unclassified cases may constitute a provisionally heterogeneous subgroup for which GC/non‐GC status (relevant for prognosis) may guide therapeutic decisions.