bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A response of the imbibed dormant red rice caryopsis to biotic challenges involves extracellular pH increase to elicit superoxide production
Authors: Ghotbzadeh Sepideh , Gianinetti Alberto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSeeds often survive in the soil in a dormant state, but their persistence is endangered by micro-organisms that could feed on them. Seed–microbe interactions in the soil are, however, poorly understood. We used dormant caryopses of red rice to study the defence response induced by pronase, a mixture of proteases secreted byStreptomyces griseus, a non-pathogenic bacterium. Pronase was shown to activate the plant immune reaction, indicating that its activity was recognized as a potential microbial attack. The defence reaction included extracellular alkalinization and superoxide production, and the former was necessary to activate the latter, since buffering at pH 6 inhibited the oxidative burst. Alkalinization was sufficient to trigger the oxidative burst, as superoxide production increased when caryopses were incubated in buffered solutions of increasing pH without pronase. Release of proanthocyanidins was observed, with or without pronase. These diverse mechanisms are hypothesized to cooperate in reinforcing seed protection. Finally, time profiles of superoxide production by dormant and non-dormant red rice caryopses during imbibition did not support a relationship between extracellular superoxide and dormancy breaking or germination. Thus, the role of this reactive oxygen species in red rice imbibed caryopses appears to be essentially aimed at defence against attacks by challenging micro-organisms.
Variation in care for infants undergoing the Stage II palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Eckhauser Aaron , Pasquali Sara K. , Ravishankar Chitra , Lambert Linda M. , Newburger Jane W. , Atz Andrew M. , Ghanayem Nancy , Schwartz Steven M. , Zhang Chong , Jacobs Jeffery P. , Minich L. LuAnn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial randomised neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome to a systemic-to-pulmonary-artery shunt strategy. Patients received care according to usual institutional practice. We analysed practice variation at the Stage II surgery to attempt to identify areas for decreased variation and process control improvement.MethodsProspectively collected data were available in the Single Ventricle Reconstruction public-use database. Practice variation across 14 centres was described for 397 patients who underwent Stage II surgery. Data are centre-level specific and reported as interquartile ranges across all centres, unless otherwise specified.ResultsPreoperative Stage II median age and weight across centres were 5.4 months (interquartile range 4.9–5.7) and 5.7 kg (5.5–6.1), with 70% performed electively. Most patients had pre-Stage-II cardiac catheterisation (98.5–100%). Digoxin was used by 11/14 centres in 25% of patients (23–31%), and 81% had some oral feeds (68–84%). The majority of the centres (86%) performed a bidirectional Glenn versus hemi-Fontan. Median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 96 minutes (75–113). In aggregate, 26% of patients had deep hypothermic circulatory arrest >10 minutes. In 13/14 centres using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, 12.5% of patients exceeded 10 minutes (8–32%). Seven centres extubated 5% of patients (2–40) in the operating room. Postoperatively, ICU length of stay was 4.8 days (4.0–5.3) and total length of stay was 7.5 days (6–10).ConclusionsIn the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial, practice varied widely among centres for nearly all perioperative factors surrounding Stage II. Further analysis may facilitate establishing best practices by identifying the impact of practice variation.
Acute anterior myocardial infarction in a 22-year-old male nephrotic patient along with familial hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Zeng Junzhong , Li Jinhua , Zhang Jiyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report a case of acute myocardial infarction in a nephrotic male patient. A 22-year-old man with a 1-year history of nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy presented with acute chest pain and was admitted to our emergency room. An electrocardiogram showed ST elevation in leads consistent with anterior and inferior myocardial infarction. Subsequent cardiac catheterisation showed evidence of thrombotic occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery. The patient had no long history of hypercholesterolaemia or hypertriglyceridaemia. The case suggests that young patients with a short-term nephrotic syndrome may be at an increased risk for acute coronary syndrome owing to hypercoagulability state.
Voting in the aftermath of a pension reform: the role of financial literacy
Authors: FORNERO ELSA , LO PRETE ANNA 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study documents that the electoral cost of major pension reforms is lower in countries where the level of financial literacy is higher. The evidence from data on legislative elections held between 1990 and 2010 in 21 advanced countries is robust when we control for macroeconomic, demographic, and political conditions. Interestingly, these findings are not robust when we use less specific indicators of human capital as general schooling, supporting the view that knowledge of basic economic and financial concepts has distinctive features that may help reduce the electoral cost of reforms having a relevant impact on the life cycle of individuals.
Particle-In-Cell Modeling of CubeSat Interaction with Ionospheric Plasma
Authors: Imtiaz Nadia , Marchand Richard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe numerically investigate the interaction between a nanosatllite CubeSat and surrounding plasma. The present study aims to elucidate particular issues related to nanosatllite-plasma interaction which affects the on-board instruments by using particle-in-cell simulations. The numerical results of the present study demonstrate the importance of several key physical processes in nanosatellites-plasma interaction. In particular, it is shown that plasma flow, ion composition, and the geomagnetic field have a strong impact on the Langmuir probes.
The Role of Empirical Space-Weather Models (in a World of Physics-Based Numerical Simulations)
Authors: Owens Mathew J. , Riley Pete , Horbury Tim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAdvanced forecasting of space weather requires prediction of near-Earth solar-wind conditions on the basis of remote solar observations. This is typically achieved using numerical magnetohydrodynamic models initiated by photospheric magnetic field observations. The accuracy of such forecasts is being continually improved through better numerics, better determination of the boundary conditions and better representation of the underlying physical processes. Thus it is not unreasonable to conclude that simple, empirical solar-wind forecasts have been rendered obsolete. However, empirical models arguably have more to contribute now than ever before. In addition to providing quick, cheap, independent forecasts, simple empirical models aid in numerical model validation and verification, and add value to numerical model forecasts through parameterization, uncertainty estimation and ‘downscaling’ of sub-grid processes.
Possible Influence of the Solar Eclipse on the Global Geomagnetic Field
Authors: Kim Jung-Hee , Chang Heon-Young 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe investigate the geomagnetic field variations recorded by INTERMAGNET geomagnetic observatories. We confirm that the effect of solar eclipse can be seen over an interval of 180 minutes centered at the time of maximum eclipse on a site of a geomagnetic observatory. It is found that the effect of the solar eclipse on the geomagnetic field becomes conspicuous as the magnitude of a solar eclipse becomes larger. The effect of solar eclipses is more evident in the second half of the path of Moon’s shadow. We also find that the effect can be overwhelmed, more sensitively by geomagnetic disturbances than by solar activity of solar cycle.
About Factors of Solar Radiation Affecting the Ionosphere
Authors: Rakhlin Aleksander V. , Sheiner Olga A. , Vybornov Feodor I. , Pershin Aleksander V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this report we present an attempt to find a characteristic set of the space weather parameters allowed to identify the dominant physical connections. This study is based on the data of vertical and oblique sounding of the ionosphere in 2015-2016.
Sandpile Models and Solar Flares: Eigenfunction Decomposition for Data Assimilation
Authors: Strugarek Antoine , Brun Allan S. , Charbonneau Paul , Vilmer Nicole 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe largest solar flares, of class X and above, are often associated with strong energetic particle acceleration. Based on the self-similar distribution of solar flares, self-organized criticality models such as sandpiles can be used to successfully reproduce their statistics. However, predicting strong (and rare) solar flares turns out to be a significant challenge. We build here on an original idea based on the combination of minimalistic flare models (sandpiles) and modern data assimilation techniques (4DVar) to predict large solar flares. We discuss how to represent a sandpile model over a reduced set of eigenfunctions to improve the efficiency of the data assimilation technique. This improvement is model-independent and continues to pave the way towards efficient near real-time solutions for predicting solar flares.
The HelMod Monte Carlo Model for the Propagation of Cosmic Rays in Heliosphere
Authors: Boschini Matteo J. , Della Torre Stefano , Gervasi Massimo , Grandi Davide , La Vacca Giuseppe , Pensotti Simonetta , Rancoita Pier Giorgio , Rozza Davide , Tacconi Mauro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe heliospheric modulation model HelMod solves the transport-equation for Galactic Cosmic Ray propagation through the heliosphere down to Earth. It is based on a 2-D Monte Carlo approach that includes a general description of the symmetric and antisymmetric parts of the diffusion tensor, thus properly treating the particle drift effects as well as convection within the solar wind and adiabatic energy loss. The model was tuned in order to fit 1) the data observed outside the ecliptic plane at several distances from the Earth and 2) the spectra observed near the Earth for both, high and low solar activity periods. Great importance was given to description of polar regions of the heliosphere. We present the flux for protons, antiprotons and helium nuclei computed for solar cycle 23-24 in comparison with experimental observations and prediction for the full solar cycle 24.
Magnetic Activity Discrepancies of Solar-Type Stars Revealed byKeplerLight Curves
Authors: He Han , Wang Huaning , Yan Yan , Yun Duo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMagnetic activity information is concealed in the shape of stellar light curves owing to the process of rotational modulation. We developed approaches to extract magnetic activity characteristics from stellar light curves, and applied the method to a solar-type star observed withKeplerspace telescope and also to the Sun for comparison. The result reveals distinct magnetic activity discrepancies between the solar-type star and the Sun. (1) The light-curve periodicity of the solar-type star is generally stronger than that of the Sun. (2) For the solar-type star, when the range of light-curve fluctuation is larger, the periodicity is also higher; while for the Sun, only during the solar minima with minimal range of fluctuation, the light curves show some periodicity. We propose that on the solar-type star, it is the large-scale magnetic field that leads to the light curves with both high periodicity and large range of fluctuation.
Temperature of Source Regions of 3He-Rich Impulsive Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Chen N.-H. , Bučík R. , Kim R.-S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImpulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events originate from the energy dissipation process in small solar flares. Anomalous abundances in impulsive SEP events provide an evidence on unique, yet unclear, acceleration mechanism. The pattern of heavy-ion enhancements indicates that the temperature of the source plasma that is accelerated is low and not flare-like. We examine the solar source of the 3He-rich SEP event of 2012 November 20 using Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/ Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) images and investigate its thermal variation. The examined event is associated with recurrent coronal jets. The Differential Emission Measure (DEM) analysis is applied to study the temperature evolution/distribution of the source regions. Preliminary results show that the temperature of the associated solar source is ranged between 1.2-3.1 MK.
Variation of Quiet Sun Radiation during Solar Cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Aroori Mahender , Yellaiah G. , Reddy K. Chenna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRadio observations play a very important role in understanding the structure of the solar atmosphere. In this paper the quiet sun component of the solar radio emission has been investigated using data obtained from the Solar Indices Bulletin, National Geophysical Data Centre. By statistical method, the quiet sun component is estimated for 84 successive basic periods containing three solar rotations each using data obtained at different frequencies. From the quiet sun component we estimate the brightness temperature in each observing frequency.
Gamma-Ray Solar Flares and In Situ Particle Acceleration
Authors: Struminsky Alexei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAt present two concurrent paradigms of solar energetic particle (SEP) origin exist: acceleration directly in the flare site or by the shock wave of coronal mass ejection (CME). Active discussions on a relative role of flares and coronal mass ejections for SEP acceleration and propagation are continuous until now. In my opinion only future observations of solar high energy γ–emission with better spectral, spatial and temporal resolution may clarify this issue. In my report I discuss possible signatures of the flare and shock acceleration processes. What is a picture provided by the current instruments? What can we expect to observe with a perfect instrument in high energy gamma rays in one or another case on a time scale of impulsive and long decay flare phases?
Reconstruction of the Filament Properties, Based on Centenarian Daily Observations of the Sun in Hα Line
Authors: Tlatova Kseniya A. , Vasil’eva Valeriya , Tlatov Andrey 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPreliminary results of distinguishing solar filaments on daily observation data at the Hα spectral line of the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (1912-2002) are presented.To distinguish the boundaries of solar filaments, methods have been developed, based on automatic procedures for distinguishing low-contrast objects on the solar disk as well as on editing the boundaries of selected structures in semi-automatic mode. An analysis of solar filaments’ characteristics has been performed. We are considered variation of the average tilt-angle and the radius of curvature of the filaments in 15-23 cycles of activity.
The Inner Coronagraph on Board ADITYA-L1 and Automatic Detection of CMEs
Authors: Banerjee D. , Patel R. , Pant V. ,   ADITYA team
Published: July 2018

AbstractVisible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) on board ADITYA-L1 is an internally occulted coronagraph with mirror as its primary objective element. It has a field of view (FOV) starting from 1.05 R⊙– 3 R⊙. It will observe the corona in continuum centered at 5000 Å and will perform spectroscopic observations of inner corona in two visible (5303 Å and 7892 Å) and one infrared (10747 Å) wavelengths. VELC will be capable of observingthecorona with high spatial and temporal resolutions. We present an overview of the inner coronagraph (VELC) design and introduce the concept of an on-board automated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) detection logic proposed for this payload.
Hard X-Ray Emission of Solar Flares Measured by Lomonosov Space Mission
Authors: Myagkova Irina N. , Bogomolov Andrey V. , Bogomolov Vitaly V. , Svertilov Sergey I. , Bobrovnikov Sergey Yu. , Yashin Ivan V. , Panasyuk Mikhail I. , Kalegaev Vladimir V. , Petrov Vasily L. , Shishkova Svetlana S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSolar hard X-ray and gamma-ray emission was measured by BDRG instrument, the part of set of instruments operated on board the Russian satellite Lomonosov from April 2016 until now (solar-synchronous orbit with altitude 490 km, inclination of 97.6 degrees). Lomonosov measurements (11 flares with the X-ray energy more than 10 keV, and more than half of them have class in soft X-rays less than C2) were compared to the data obtained by RHESSI and Fermi space observatories as well as the Nobeyama Radioheliograph operating at the same time. The quasi-periodicity with different periods were found in some of them.
Defining and Characterising Heliospheric Weather and Climate
Authors: Messerotti Mauro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAt large distance scales, space exploration in the last decades has significantly helped in better locating the boundaries of the Heliosphere and outlining its shape as well as in probing the various plasma domains that separate the inner heliospheric region from the interstellar one. At shorter distance scales, a fleet of spacecraft has been probing the outer and inner Solar System plasma with a high level of detail.This monitoring, complemented by space- and ground-based observations of processes relevant to the Heliosphere, has pointed out a series both of intrinsic and extrinsic perturbations that characterise the physical state of heliospheric plasmas both at small and large spatial scales and on short and long temporal scales.By means of concept maps that schematise the association among concepts, in this work we will present a new domain ontology for the definition and characterisation of Heliospheric Weather and Climate.
On the Dynamics of the Largest Active Region of the Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Sarkar Ranadeep , Srivastava Nandita , Dhara Sajal Kumar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe have studied the dynamics of the solar active region (AR) NOAA 12192 using full-disc continuum images and the vector magnetograms observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). AR 12192 is the largest region of the solar cycle 24. It underwent a noticeable growth and produced 6 X-class, 22 M-class and 53 C-class flares during its disc passage. But the most peculiar fact of this AR is that it was associated with only one CME in spite of producing several X-class flares. In this work, we present the area evolution of this giant sunspot group during the first three rotations when it appeared as AR 12172, AR 12192 and AR 12209, respectively. We have also attempted to make a comparative study of the flare-related photospheric magnetic field and Lorentz force changes for both the eruptive and non-eruptive flares produced by AR 12192.
Thermospheric Dynamics in Quiet and Disturbed Conditions
Authors: Bounhir Aziza , Benkhaldoun Zouhair , Makela Jonathan J. , Kaab Mohamed , Harding Brian , Fisher Daniel J. , Lagheryeb Amine , Khalifa Malki , Elbouyahyaoui Khaoula , Lazrek Mohamed , Daassou Ahmed 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the thermospheric winds and temperature properties measured with a Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) over Oukaimeden observatory (31.2°N, 7.8°W, 22.8°Nmagnetic) in Morocco. After Three years of successful functioning from 2014 to 2017, we can address the seasonal behavior of the temperature and the winds (vertical, zonal and meridional). The dependence of the thermospheric winds and temperature on the solar cycle is also presented. The day-to-day variations of the quiet time wind pattern exhibits the importance of other type of waves superposed to the main diurnal tides. The storm time wind and temperature exhibits also a variety of ways to react to the storm. However, there is seasonal effect to the storm that will be illustrated in this paper. The signature of the MTM phenomenon is also present in the winds and temperature in geomagnetically quiet and disturbed nights. The occurrence of this phenomenon over the studied area is also addressed.
Comparison and Time Evolution of the Geomagnetic Cutoff at the ISS Position: Internal vs External Earth’s Magnetic Field Models
Authors: Boschini Matteo J. , Della Torre Stefano , Gervasi Massimo , Grandi Davide , La Vacca Giuseppe , Pensotti Simonetta , Rancoita Pier Giorgio , Rozza Davide , Tacconi Mauro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOur back-tracing code (GeoMagSphere) reconstructs the cosmic ray trajectories inside the Earth’s magnetosphere. GeoMagSphere gets the incoming directions of particles entering the magnetopause and disentangles primary from secondary particles (produced in atmosphere) or even particles trapped inside the Earth’s magnetic field. The separation of these particle families allows us to evaluate the geomagnetic rigidity cutoff. The model can be used considering the internal symmetric (IGRF-12) magnetic field only, or adding the asymmetric external one (Tsyganenko models: T89, T96 or TS05). A quantitative comparison among these models is presented for quiet (solar pressure Pdyn < 4 nPa) and disturbed (Pdyn > 4 nPa) periods of solar activity, as well as during solar events like flares, CMEs. In this analysis we focused our attention on magnetic field data in magnetosphere, from Cluster, and simulated cosmic rays for a generic detector on the ISS as for example AMS-02. We found that high solar activity periods, like a large fraction of the period covering years 2011-2015, are better described using IGRF+TS05 model. Results, i.e. the average vertical rigidity cutoff at the ISS orbit, are shown in geographic maps of 2° × 2° cells.
The Aging Solar Wind: a Break in Wind Evolution at Older Ages?
Authors: Fionnagáin Dúalta Ó , Vidotto Aline A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe current solar wind is well studied from remote observations and in situ measurements. However, we have very little information of the solar wind as it has evolved. We investigate the evolution of the solar wind by modeling the winds of solar analogues. By using X-ray temperatures as proxies for wind temperatures, we find that a break in behaviour occurs. At 2 Gyr there is a sharp decline in coronal temperatures, which results in a steep decay in mass loss rates for older stars. As the wind is responsible for stellar spin down, through angular momentum loss due to magnetised winds, our results suggest a decline in angular momentum loss for older stars. This agrees with recent observations which find anomalously high rotation rates in older stars. We also find that this evolution in the wind has adverse effects on the Earth’s magnetosphere, with an Earth aged 100 Myr having a magnetosphere 3 Earth radii in size.
Principal Component Analysis of Geomagnetic Activity: New Information on Solar Wind
Authors: Mursula Kalevi , Holappa Lauri 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe use the principal component analysis to study geomagnetic activity at annual resolution using a network of 26 magnetic stations in 1966-2015, and an extended network of 40 stations in 1980-2015. The first principal component describes the long-term evolution of global geomagnetic activity, and has an excellent correlation with indices like the Kp/Ap index. The two networks give identical results for the first principal component. The second principal component is highly correlated with the annual percentage of high-speed streams (HSS). The extended network has a slightly higher sensitivity to HSSs. We verify the non-trivial latitudinal distribution of the second empirical orthogonal function. We find that the amplitude of the 22-year variation of geomagnetic activity has a closely similar latitudinal distribution as the second empirical orthogonal function. This verifies that the 22-year variation of geomagnetic activity is related to HSSs. The most likely cause is the Russell-McPherron mechanism.