bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A methodological review of the quality of reporting of surveys in transfusion medicine
Authors: Pagano Monica B. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Tinmouth Alan , Apelseth Torunn Oveland , Lozano Miguel , Cohn Claudia S. , Stanworth Simon J. ,   on behalf of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDSurveys are a common tool used to gather information about practices across many medical specialties. The quality of survey reporting impacts the strength of any conclusions. Thorough and accurate reporting of survey‐based research is critical for evaluation of the validity, reliability, and generalizability of the results. The objective of this study was to appraise the quality of recently reported surveys in transfusion medicine (TM).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies evaluating clinical practices in TM that used a questionnaire as the research tool and were published between January 2001 and November 2017. Manuscripts that met eligible criteria were appraised using a modified Survey Reporting Guideline questionnaire.RESULTSThe search identified 1632 references, from which 54 abstracts met eligibility criteria for analysis. Only seven (13%) manuscripts reported reliability and validity of the survey tool, 26 (48%) provided a description of the survey population and sample frame, and 11 (20%) indicated the representativeness of the underlying population. Additional reporting limitations included 31 (57%) manuscripts reporting the response rate calculation, two (4%) the analysis of nonresponse error, nine (17%) the method description for handling of missing data, 11 (20%) the analysis of responder and nonresponder characteristics, and 23 (43%) explicitly discussed the generalizability of the results.CONCLUSIONOur findings document quality deficiencies in the reporting of research conducted using surveys in TM. Validated guidelines for the reporting of survey‐based clinical research should be developed and applied to improve the quality of survey reporting in TM.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Struck Christopher J. 
Published: September 2018

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To receive a copy of the latest Standards catalog, please contact asastds@acousticalsociety.org.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America are available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.
Epidemiology and aetiology of paediatric traumatic cardiac arrest in England and Wales
Authors: Vassallo James , Webster Melanie , Barnard Edward B G , Lyttle Mark D , Smith Jason E 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology and aetiology of paediatric traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) in England and Wales.DesignPopulation-based analysis of the UK Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) database.Patients and settingAll paediatric and adolescent patients with TCA recorded on the TARN database for a 10-year period (2006–2015).MeasuresPatient demographics, Injury Severity Score (ISS), location of TCA (‘prehospital only’, ‘in-hospital only’ or ‘both’), interventions performed and outcome.Results21 710 paediatric patients were included in the database; 129 (0.6%) sustained TCA meeting study inclusion criteria. The majority, 103 (79.8%), had a prehospital TCA. 62.8% were male, with a median age of 11.7 (3.4–16.6) years, and a median ISS of 34 (25–45). 110 (85.3%) had blunt injuries, with road-traffic collision the most common mechanism (n=73, 56.6%). 123 (95.3%) had severe haemorrhage and/or traumatic brain injury. Overall 30-day survival was 5.4% ((95% CI 2.6 to 10.8), n=7). ‘Pre-hospital only’ TCA was associated with significantly higher survival (n=6) than those with TCA in both ‘pre-hospital and in-hospital’ (n=1)—13.0% (95% CI 6.1% to 25.7%) and 1.2% (95% CI 0.1% to 6.4%), respectively, p<0.05. The greatest survival (n=6, 10.3% (95% CI 4.8% to 20.8%)) was observed in those transported to a paediatric major trauma centre (MTC) (defined as either a paediatric-only MTC or combined adult-paediatric MTC).ConclusionsSurvival is possible from the resuscitation of children in TCA, with overall survival comparable to that reported in adults. The highest survival was observed in those with a pre-hospital only TCA, and those who were transported to an MTC. Early identification and aggressive management of paediatric TCA is advocated.
International study of video review of concussion in professional sports
Authors: Davis Gavin A , Makdissi Michael , Bloomfield Paul , Clifton Patrick , Echemendia Ruben J , Falvey Éanna Cian , Fuller Gordon Ward , Green Gary , Harcourt Peter Rex , Hill Thomas , McGuirk Nathan , Meeuwisse Willem , Orchard John W , Raftery Martin , Sills Allen K , Solomon Gary S , Valadka Alex , McCrory Paul 
Published: September 2018

Background
Video review has become an important tool in professional sporting codes to help sideline identification and management of players with a potential concussion.

Aim
To assess current practices related to video review of concussion in professional sports internationally, and compare protocols and diagnostic criteria used to identify and manage potential concussions.

Methods
Current concussion management guidelines from professional national and international sporting codes were reviewed. Specific criteria and definitions of video signs associated with concussion were compared between codes. Rules and regulations adopted across the codes for processes around video review were also assessed.

Results

Six sports with specific diagnostic criteria and definitions for signs of concussion identified on video review participated in this study (Australian football, American football, world rugby, cricket, rugby league and ice hockey). Video signs common to all sports include
lying motionless/loss of responsiveness
and
motor incoordination
. The video signs considered by the majority of sports as most predictive of a diagnosis of concussion include
motor incoordination, impact seizure, tonic posturing
and
lying motionless.
Regulatory requirements, sideline availability of video, medical expertise of video reviewers and use of spotters differ across sports and geographical boundaries. By and large, these differences reflect a pragmatic approach from each sport, with limited underlying research and development of the video review process in some instances.

Conclusions
The use of video analysis in assisting medical staff with the diagnosis or identification of potential concussion is well established across different sports internationally. The diagnostic criteria used and the expertise of the video review personnel are not clearly established, and research efforts would benefit from a collaborative harmonisation across sporting codes.
Cardiac consequences of spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Williams Alexandra Mackenzie , Gee Cameron Marshall , Voss Christine , West Christopher Roy 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveConduct a meta-analysis to determine the impact of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) on echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) structure and function.MethodsMEDLINE and Embase were used for primary searches of studies reporting LV echocardiographic data in individuals with SCI. Of 378 unique citations, 36 relevant full-text articles were retrieved, and data from 27 studies were extracted for meta-analyses. Literature searches, article screening and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers and compared for agreement. Primary analyses compared echocardiographic indices between individuals with SCI and able-bodied individuals, using a random effects model.ResultsData are reported as pooled effect estimates (95% CI). Data from 22 articles (474 participants) were included in the primary meta-analysis. Compared with able-bodied individuals, individuals with SCI had reductions to LV stroke volume of 11.8 mL (95% CI −17.8 to −5.9, p<0.001), end-diastolic volume of 19.6 mL (95% CI −27.2 to −11.9, p<0.001) and LV massindex of −7.7 g/m2 (95% CI −11.6 to −3.8, p<0.001), but ejection fraction was not different between the groups (95% CI −2.6% to 0.6%, p=0.236). Individuals with SCI also had altered indices of diastolic function, specifically a lowered ratio of early-to-late filling velocities (p=0.039), and augmented ratio of early diastolic flow-to-tissue velocities (p=0.021).ConclusionsIndividuals with SCI have smaller LV volumes and mass, and altered systolic and diastolic function. While this meta-analysis demonstrates important alterations to echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function at rest, future work should consider the impacts of SCI on the heart’s capacity or ‘reserve’ to respond to physiological challenges.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017072333.
Happy birthday? An observational study
Authors: Kelly Gabrielle E , Kelleher Cecily C 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPrevious studies show contradictory findings on the relationship between birthday and deathday, in particular whether people postpone death until after their birthday. We examine the phenomenon in eight groups of famous people.MethodsBirthday and deathday for the following groups were recorded: British prime ministers, US presidents, Academy Award best actor, best female actor, best director, Nobel Prize winners, Wimbledon men’s and ladies' singles winners, all from when records began. For each group, the difference in days between the deathday and birthday was calculated. Under the hypothesis of no association, one can expect the difference to have a uniform distribution. This is assessed using goodness-of-fit tests on a circle.ResultsAll groups showed some departure from the uniform and it occurred around the birthday in all groups. British prime ministers, US presidents, Academy Award actors and directors, Nobel Prize winners and Wimbledon men show a ’dip' in deaths around the birthday. The length of the ’dip' varied between the groups and so they gave different p-values on different test statistics. For Academy Award female actors and Wimbledon ladies, there was rise in deaths before and after birthday. When Nobel Prize winners were subdivided into their categories, Science and Literature had a ’dip' around the birthday, but not other categories.ConclusionsWe conclude ’something' happens to deathday around the birthday. Some groups of famous people show a ’dip' in death rate around the birthday while for others, particularly women, the association is in the opposite direction.
Temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factors and performance of the Framingham Risk Score and the Pooled Cohort Equations
Authors: Rospleszcz Susanne , Thorand Barbara , de las Heras Gala Tonia , Meisinger Christa , Holle Rolf , Koenig Wolfgang , Mansmann Ulrich , Peters Annette 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) are established tools for the prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In the Western world, decreases in incidence rates of CVD were observed over the last 30 years. Thus, we hypothesise that there are also temporal trends in the risk prediction performance of the FRS and PCE from 1990 to 2000.MethodsWe used data from n=7789 men and women aged 40–74 years from three prospective population-based cohort studies enrolled in Southern Germany in 1989/1990, 1994/1995 and 1999/2000. 10-year CVD risk was calculated by recalibrated equations of the FRS or PCE. Calibration was evaluated by percentage of overestimation and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests. Discrimination performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and corresponding area under the curve (AUC).ResultsAcross the three studies, we found significant temporal trends in risk factor distributions and predicted risks by both risk scores (men: 18.0%, 15.4%, 14.9%; women: 8.7%, 11.2%, 10.8%). Furthermore, also the discrimination performance evolved differently for men (AUC PCE: 76.4, 76.1, 72.8) and women (AUC PCE: 75.9, 79.5, 80.5). Both risk scores overestimated actual CVD risk.ConclusionThere are temporal trends in the performance of the FRS and PCE. Although the overall performance remains adequate, sex-specific trends have to be taken into account for further refinement of risk prediction models.
Genetic profile and onset features of 1005 patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in Japan
Authors: Yoshimura Akiko , Yuan Jun-Hui , Hashiguchi Akihiro , Ando Masahiro , Higuchi Yujiro , Nakamura Tomonori , Okamoto Yuji , Nakagawa Masanori , Takashima Hiroshi 
Published: September 2018

Objective To identify the genetic characteristics in a large-scale of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT).MethodsFrom May 2012 to August 2016, we collected 1005 cases with suspected CMT throughout Japan, whereas PMP22 duplication/deletion were excluded in advance for demyelinating CMT cases. We performed next-generation sequencing targeting CMT-related gene panels using Illumina MiSeq or Ion Proton, then analysed the gene-specific onset age of the identified cases and geographical differences in terms of their genetic spectrum.Results From 40 genes, we identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 301 cases (30.0%). The most common causative genes were GJB1 (n=66, 21.9%), MFN2 (n=66, 21.9%) and MPZ (n=51, 16.9%). In demyelinating CMT, variants were detected in 45.7% cases, and the most common reasons were GJB1 (40.3%), MPZ (27.1%), PMP22 point mutations (6.2%) and NEFL (4.7%). Axonal CMT yielded a relatively lower detection rate (22.9%), and the leading causes, occupying 72.4%, were MFN2 (37.2%), MPZ (9.0%), HSPB1 (8.3%), GJB1 (7.7%), GDAP1 (5.1%) and MME (5.1%). First decade of life was found as the most common disease onset period, and early-onset CMT cases were most likely to receive a molecular diagnosis. Geographical distribution analysis indicated distinctive genetic spectrums in different regions of Japan.Conclusions Our results updated the genetic profile within a large-scale of Japanese CMT cases. Subsequent analyses regarding onset age and geographical distribution advanced our understanding of CMT, which would be beneficial for clinicians.
The functional role of protease-activated receptors on contractile responses by activation of Ca2+sensitization pathways in simian colonic muscles
Authors: Sung Tae Sik , Lu Hongli , Sung Juno , Yeom Jong Hoon , Perrino Brian A. , Koh Sang Don 
Published: September 2018

It has been known that activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) affects gastrointestinal motility. In this study, we tested the effects of PAR agonists on electrical and contractile responses and Ca2+sensitization pathways in simian colonic muscles. The Simian colonic muscle was initially hyperpolarized by PAR agonists. After the transient hyperpolarization, simian colonic muscle repolarized to the control resting membrane potential (RMP) without a delayed depolarization. Apamin significantly reduced the initial hyperpolarization, suggesting that activation of small conductance Ca2+-activated K+(SK) channels is involved in the initial hyperpolarization. In contractile experiments, PAR agonists caused an initial relaxation followed by an increase in contractions. These delayed contractile responses were not matched with the electrical responses that showed no after depolarization of the RMP. To investigate the possible involvement of Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK) pathways in the PAR effects, muscle strips were treated with ROCK inhibitors, which significantly reduced the PAR agonist-induced contractions. Furthermore, PAR agonists increased MYPT1 phosphorylation, and ROCK inhibitors completely blocked MYPT1 phosphorylation. PAR agonists alone had no effect on CPI-17 phosphorylation. In the presence of apamin, PAR agonists significantly increased CPI-17 phosphorylation, which was blocked by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors suggesting that Ca2+influx is increased by apamin and is activating PKC. In conclusion, these studies show that PAR activators induce biphasic responses in simian colonic muscles. The initial inhibitory responses by PAR agonists are mainly mediated by activation of SK channels and delayed contractile responses are mainly mediated by the CPI-17 and ROCK Ca2+sensitization pathways in simian colonic muscles.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we found that the contractile responses of simian colonic muscles to protease-activated receptor (PAR) agonists are different from the previously reported contractile responses of murine colonic muscles. Ca2+sensitization pathways mediate the contractile responses of simian colonic muscles to PAR agonists without affecting the membrane potential. These findings emphasize novel mechanisms of PAR agonist-induced contractions possibly related to colonic dysmotility in inflammatory bowel disease.
Farnesoid X Receptor Activation by Obeticholic Acid Elevates Liver Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Expression by mRNA Stabilization and Reduces Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Mice
Authors: Singh Amar Bahadur , Dong Bin , Kraemer Fredric B. , Xu Yanyong , Zhang Yanqiao , Liu Jingwen 
Published: September 2018

Objective—
The objective of this study was to determine whether and how activation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) by obeticholic acid (OCA), a clinical FXR agonist, modulates liver low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression under normolipidemic conditions.

Approach and Results—

Administration of OCA to chow-fed mice increased mRNA and protein levels of LDLR in the liver without affecting the sterol-regulatory element binding protein pathway. Profiling of known LDLR mRNA-binding proteins demonstrated that OCA treatment did not affect expressions of mRNA degradation factors hnRNPD (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D) or ZFP36L1 but increased the expression of Hu antigen R (HuR) an mRNA-stabilizing factor. Furthermore, inducing effects of OCA on LDLR and HuR expression were ablated in Fxr
−/−
mice. To confirm the post-transcriptional mechanism, we used transgenic mice (albumin-luciferase-untranslated region) that express a human LDLR mRNA 3′ untranslated region luciferase reporter gene in the liver. OCA treatment led to significant rises in hepatic bioluminescence signals, Luc-untranslated region chimeric mRNA levels, and endogenous LDLR protein abundance, which were accompanied by elevations of hepatic HuR mRNA and protein levels in OCA-treated transgenic mice. In vitro studies conducted in human primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells demonstrated that FXR activation by OCA and other agonists elicited the same inducing effect on LDLR expression as in the liver of normolipidemic mice. Furthermore, depletion of HuR in HepG2 cells by short interfering RNA transfection abolished the inducing effect of OCA on LDLR expression.

Conclusions—
Our study is the first to demonstrate that FXR activation increases LDLR expression in liver tissue by a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism involving LDLR mRNA-stabilizing factor HuR.
Effect of Different Doses of Acetylsalicylic Acid on the Antithrombotic Activity of Clopidogrel in a Mouse Arterial Thrombosis Model
Authors: Ni Ran , Vaezzadeh Nima , Zhou Ji , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Cattaneo Marco , Gross Peter L. 
Published: September 2018

Objective—

Dual-antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and a P2Y
12
antagonist, such as clopidogrel, is the standard of care for acute coronary syndromes. However, the drugs have divergent effects on the formation of cAMP, an inhibitory second messenger. Thus, by inhibiting the synthesis of prostacyclin, acetylsalicylic acid reduces cAMP formation, whereas clopidogrel potentiates it. Therefore, with higher doses of acetylsalicylic acid, the potentiation of cAMP production by clopidogrel may be attenuated, which could limit the antithrombotic potential of the drug combination. The purpose of this study was to examine this possibility in vivo.

Approach and Results—

Mice were given oral acetylsalicylic acid at varying doses, oral clopidogrel (5 mg/kg body weight), or both. At doses of 0.15 and 0.6 mg/kg, acetylsalicylic acid inhibited arachidonic acid–induced platelet aggregation, but only 0.6 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid, or higher, decreased the plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin-F
1α
, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin. When given with clopidogrel, laser injury–induced arterial thrombi were significantly larger with the 0.6 mg/kg dose of acetylsalicylic acid than with the 0.15 mg/kg dose. Thrombi in mice treated with clopidogrel and the 0.15 mg/kg dose of acetylsalicylic acid were smaller than in mice treated with clopidogrel alone, suggesting that acetylsalicylic acid can add to the antithrombotic effect of clopidogrel but that higher doses of acetylsalicylic acid blunt the antithrombotic effect of clopidogrel.

Conclusions—
These findings support the use of lower, prostacyclin-preserving, doses of acetylsalicylic acid in conjunction with clopidogrel.
SREBF1
/MicroRNA-33b Axis Exhibits Potent Effect on Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation In Vivo
Authors: Nishino Tomohiro , Horie Takahiro , Baba Osamu , Sowa Naoya , Hanada Ritsuko , Kuwabara Yasuhide , Nakao Tetsushi , Nishiga Masataka , Nishi Hitoo , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Nakazeki Fumiko , Ide Yuya , Koyama Satoshi , Kimura Masahiro , Nagata Manabu , Yoshida Kazumichi , Takagi Yasushi , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Hasegawa Koji , Miyamoto Susumu , Kimura Takeshi , Ono Koh 
Published: September 2018

Objective—

Atherosclerosis is a common disease caused by a variety of metabolic and inflammatory disturbances. MicroRNA (miR)-33a within
SREBF2
(sterol regulatory element-binding factor 2) is a potent target for treatment of atherosclerosis through regulating both aspects; however, the involvement of miR-33b within
SREBF1
remains largely unknown. Although their host genes difference could lead to functional divergence of miR-33a/b, we cannot dissect the roles of miR-33a/b in vivo because of lack of miR-33b sequences in mice, unlike human.

Approach and Results—
Here, we analyzed the development of atherosclerosis using miR-33b knock-in humanized mice under apolipoprotein E–deficient background. MiR-33b is prominent both in human and mice on atheroprone condition. MiR-33b reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and systemic reverse cholesterol transport. MiR-33b knock-in macrophages showed less cholesterol efflux capacity and higher inflammatory state via regulating lipid rafts. Thus, miR-33b promotes vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque formation. Furthermore, bone marrow transplantation experiments strengthen proatherogenic roles of macrophage miR-33b.

Conclusions—

Our data demonstrated critical roles of
SREBF1
-miR-33b axis on both lipid profiles and macrophage phenotype remodeling and indicate that miR-33b is a promising target for treating atherosclerosis.