bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The associations of dietary manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium and magnesium with cognitive outcomes in Chinese adults: a cross sectional study in Shanghai
Authors: Chen Yujie , Sun Zhuo , Zhang Yali , Zhou Ren , Lin Xingyu , Du Yuewen , Xu Jiayi , Xu Qi , Zang Jiajie 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe role of individual nutrients including vitamins and minerals in cognitive function gained increasing attention in recent years. With regard to the association between dietary minerals and cognitive function, the results of human studies are inconclusive. The objective of this study was to explore the association between mineral intake and cognitive function using the data from Shanghai Health and Nutrition Survey (SHNS) in 2018.MethodsIn total, 835 adults were included in a crosssectional study, and completed a three-day dietary record to estimate their average daily intake of minerals. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used for the assessment of cognitive function, and logistic regression analyses were performed on participants to examine the association between dietary mineral intake and cognitive performance. The participants were divided into tertiles according to their mineral intake.ResultsParticipants in the second and third tertile of the dietary copper intake had lower rates of low MMSE scores compared to those in the lowest tertile. We found the adjusted OR and 95%CI values were 0.44 (0.21–0.89) and 0.40 (0.16–0.94), respectively. Participants in the second tertile of dietary magnesium intake showed a trend of lower rates of low MMSE score compared to those in the lowest tertile (p = 0.06). The adjusted OR and 95%CI values were 0.35 (0.16–0.72). No significant association were observed between any of the other minerals including iron, zinc, selenium and manganese and cognitive function.DiscussionOur findings suggest that dietary intake of copper and magnesium may have a protective effect on cognitive performance in elderly over 60 years old. To prevent cognitive decline, elderly should get recommended amounts of copper and magnesium from diet or supplements.
The effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on anthropometric, hormonal, metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in pre-and post-menopausal women: a prospective cohort of Saudi women
Authors: Al Zunaidy Nada A. , Al-Khalifa Abdulrahman S. , Alhussain Maha H. , Althwab Sami A. , Mohammed Mohammed A. , Faris MoezAlIslam E. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe menopausal transition significantly affects cardiometabolic health, primarily due to changes in reproductive hormones, particularly decreased estrogen levels and relative androgen excess. Adult Muslim women, both pre-and post-menopausal, are mandated to observe Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) every year. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate RIF’s effects on pre-menopausal (PRE-M) and post-menopausal (POST-M) healthy women’s cardiometabolic health markers. This study further evaluated the relationship between tested markers and the participant’s basic variables, such as BMI and body fatness. Due to differences in physiological and metabolic biomarkers between groups, RIF is likely to impact PRE-M and POST-M women differently.MethodsThis study included 62 healthy women (31 PRE-M, aged 21–42 years, and 31 POST-M, aged 43–68 years) who observed RIF. Anthropometrics, sex hormones, lipid profile, pro-inflammatory (TNF-α), anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and aging biomarker insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); all were tested 1 week before and at the fourth week of Ramadan.ResultsBody weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass, fat mass index, triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased at the end of Ramadan in both groups in comparison to the pre-fasting period. Contrarily, HDL, SOD, GPx, and IL-10 significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased in both groups. Estrogen levels significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased in PRE-M women, whereas significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased in POST-M women. The progesterone levels, TAC, MDA, and IGF-1 remained unchanged in both groups. TNF-α significantly decreased in both groups, but the magnitude of reduction was higher in PRE-M women. Sex hormones and some metabolic biomarkers, especially in POST-M women, variably exhibited positive or negative relationships to BMI and BFP. RIF may influence the levels of estrogen, TNF-α, and IL-10 through improvements in metabolic health, reductions in body fat, activation of autophagy, modulation of immune responses, and changes in hormonal regulation.ConclusionThe RIF was generally associated with improved anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in both PRE-M and POST-M healthy women. Adhering to healthy dietary and lifestyle guidelines by pre-and post-menopausal women during Ramadan may foster the health benefits gained.
Vitamin A is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Feng Yunxia , Li Yuan , Chen Shuo , Hu Na , Liao Dan 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe association between serum vitamin A (VA) levels and outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains unclear.MethodsThis was a population-based cohort study. CKD participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were included for analysis. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Person correlation analysis and Cox regression models were used to assess the relation between serum VA levels and all-cause mortality among individuals with CKD.ResultsThere were 689 participants included in this study. The serum VA level was 2.45 ± 1.06 μmol/L. The overall mortality was 43.69%. The participants in the nonsurvival group had higher serum VA levels than those in the survival group (2.18 ± 0.82 vs. 2.78 ± 1.24 μmol/L, p &lt; 0.01). Serum VA concentrations were positively correlated with serum creatinine levels (r = 0.56, p &lt; 0.01) and urea nitrogen (r = 0.58, p &lt; 0.01) but negatively correlated with eGFR (r = −0.56, p &lt; 0.01). The serum VA level was independently related to all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.15, [95% CI: 1.01–1.31], p = 0.03). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis suggested that the survival probability was lower in participants with serum VA levels exceeding 2.09 μmol/L than in participants with serum VA levels below 2.09 μmol/L (p &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionA high serum VA was independently related to all-cause mortality in CKD patients. VA requirements for patients with CKD is worth studies in the future.
Study on the mechanism of lactic acid bacteria and their fermentation broth in alleviating hyperuricemia based on metabolomics and gut microbiota
Authors: Rao Lijuan , Dong Biao , Chen Yanru , Liao Jiajing , Wang Chen , Fu Guiming , Wan Yin 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionHyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease caused by purine metabolism disorders in the body. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their fermentation broth have the potential to alleviate hyperuricemia, but the potential mechanism of action is still unclear.MethodsThe LAB with high inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase (XOD) were screened out. Then the fermentation broth, fermentation supernatant and fermentation bacteria after fermentation of these LAB were administered into HUA mice, respectively.ResultsLactobacillus reuteri NCUF203.1 and Lactobacillus brevis NCUF207.7, of which fermentation supernatant had high inhibitory activity against XOD, were screened out and administered into HUA mice. Among them, L. reuteri strain, L. reuteri fermentation broth, L. brevis fermentation broth and L. brevis fermentation supernatant could significantly reduce serum uric acid levels and inhibited the liver XOD activity in HUA mice. The GC–MS metabolomics analysis of colon contents showed that supplementation of these four substances could partially reverse the down-regulation of energy metabolism pathways such as ketone body metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and citric acid cycle in HUA mice. It could also regulate amino acid metabolism pathways such as alanine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, and repair the disorders of amino acid metabolism caused by HUA. In addition, the intervention of L. brevis fermentation broth and L. brevis fermentation supernatant may also accelerate the catabolism of uric acid in the intestine by up-regulating the urea cycle pathway. Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that their intervention increased the diversity of gut microbiota in HUA mice and alleviated the gut microbiota dysregulation caused by HUA.DiscussionThese results indicated that the LAB and their fermentation broth may play a role in alleviating HUA by regulating intestinal metabolism and gut microbiota.
Clinical predictive models for recurrence and survival in treated laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abou-Foul Ahmad K. , Dretzke Janine , Albon Esther , Kristunas Caroline , Moore David J. , Karwath Andreas , Gkoutos Georgios , Mehanna Hisham , Nankivell Paul ,   the PETNECK2 Research Team
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe limitations of the traditional TNM system have spurred interest in multivariable models for personalized prognostication in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers (LSCC/HPSCC). However, the performance of these models depends on the quality of data and modelling methodology, affecting their potential for clinical adoption. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SR-MA) evaluated clinical predictive models (CPMs) for recurrence and survival in treated LSCC/HPSCC. We assessed models’ characteristics and methodologies, as well as performance, risk of bias (RoB), and applicability.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted in MEDLINE (OVID), Embase (OVID) and IEEE databases from January 2005 to November 2023. The search algorithm used comprehensive text word and index term combinations without language or publication type restrictions. Independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts using a predefined Population, Index, Comparator, Outcomes, Timing and Setting (PICOTS) framework. We included externally validated (EV) multivariable models, with at least one clinical predictor, that provided recurrence or survival predictions. The SR-MA followed PRISMA reporting guidelines, and PROBAST framework for RoB assessment. Model discrimination was assessed using C-index/AUC, and was presented for all models using forest plots. MA was only performed for models that were externally validated in two or more cohorts, using random-effects model. The main outcomes were model discrimination and calibration measures for survival (OS) and/or local recurrence (LR) prediction. All measures and assessments were preplanned prior to data collection.ResultsThe SR-MA identified 11 models, reported in 16 studies. Seven models for OS showed good discrimination on development, with only one excelling (C-index &gt;0.9), and three had weak or poor discrimination. Inclusion of a radiomics score as a model parameter achieved relatively better performance. Most models had poor generalisability, demonstrated by worse discrimination performance on EV, but they still outperformed the TNM system. Only two models met the criteria for MA, with pooled EV AUCs 0.73 (95% CI 0.71-0.76) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.6-0.74). RoB was high for all models, particularly in the analysis domain.ConclusionsThis review highlighted the shortcomings of currently available models, while emphasizing the need for rigorous independent evaluations. Despite the proliferation of models, most exhibited methodological limitations and bias. Currently, no models can confidently be recommended for routine clinical use.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021248762, identifier CRD42021248762.
Combined systemic immune-inflammatory index and prognostic nutritional index predicts the efficacy and prognosis of ES-SCLC patients receiving PD-L1 inhibitors combined with first-line chemotherapy
Authors: Ge Yi , Liu Xiaoyu , Xu Yishi , Su Yanwei , Li Yixin , Wang Liping 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThere is a strong association between inflammation and the formation, progression, and metastasis of malignant tumors, according to earlier studies. Some composite inflammation-nutritional indicators, such as the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), have a certain predictive effect on the prognosis of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the relationship between these indicators and the efficacy of immunotherapy in SCLC patients is still not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore how the pre-treatment SII-PNI score can predict the tumor response and prognosis of extensive-stage SCLC patients treated with PD-L1 inhibitors and first-line chemotherapy.MethodsThis research conducted a retrospective review of 70 ES- SCLC patients from December 2019 to January 2023. According to the SII-PNI score, all patients were categorized into three groups. Overall survival (OS) was assessed by implementing the Kaplan Meier and Cox regression models. In addition, we devised a nomogram and scrutinized its accuracy in prediction through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and visualized it by calibration plots. Subsequently, a risk classification system was established.ResultsPatients with higher SII-PNI scores exhibited notably poorer survival outcomes compared to their counterpart with low SII-PNI score (p=0.008), as well as poorer short-term curative effects (p=0.004). The results of the multivariate analysis revealed that the SII-PNI score (p=0.036) had an independent association with a less favorable OS. The nomogram has been demonstrated to be a reliable prognostic tool for ES-SCLC patients. A notable difference was identified between the two different levels of risk.ConclusionThe baseline SII-PNI score can serve as a reliable prognostic indicator for ES-SCLC patients receiving immunotherapy. Higher SII-PNI scores imply a worse prognosis.
Development and validation of a lung biological equivalent dose-based multiregional radiomic model for predicting symptomatic radiation pneumonitis after SBRT in lung cancer patients
Authors: Jiao Yuxin , Feng Aihui , Li Shihong , Ren Yanping , Gao Hongbo , Chen Di , Sun Li , Zheng Xiangpeng , Lin Guangwu 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to develop and validate a multiregional radiomic-based composite model to predict symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (SRP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).Materials and methods189 patients from two institutions were allocated into training, internal validation and external testing cohorts. The associations between the SRP and clinic-dosimetric factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression. Radiomics features were extracted from seven discrete and three composite regions of interest (ROIs), including anatomical, physical dosimetry, and biologically equivalent dose (BED) dimensions. Correlation filters and Lasso regularization were applied for feature selection and five machine learning algorithms were utilized to construct radiomic models. Multiregional radiomic models integrating features from various regions were developed and undergone performance test in comparison with single-region models. Ultimately, three models—a radiomic model, a dosimetric model, and a combined model—were developed and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, model calibration, and decision curve analysis.ResultsVBED70 (α/β = 3) of the nontarget lung volume was identified as an independent dosimetric risk factor. The multiregional radiomic models eclipsed their single-regional counterparts, notably with the incorporation of BED-based dimensions, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.816 [95% CI: 0.694–0.938]. The best predictive model for SRP was the combined model, which integrated the multiregional radiomic features with dosimetric parameters [AUC=0.828, 95% CI: 0.701–0.956]. The calibration and decision curves indicated good predictive accuracy and clinical benefit, respectively.ConclusionsThe combined model improves SRP prediction across various SBRT fractionation schemes, which warrants further validation and optimization using larger-scale retrospective data and in prospective trials.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on growth determinants in premature neonates: observational study in a secondary health service in Carapicuíba, São Paulo (2020–2023)
Authors: Martha Vanessa Marques Leite , Masquio Deborah Cristina Landi , Santos Luiz Silva dos , Martha Julia Marques Leite , Martha Pedro Marques Leite , Colares Neto Guido de Paula 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionPrematurity is a factor that contributes to the increase in infant morbidity and mortality and is associated with factors determining child growth, such as nutritional deficits, mainly during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo evaluate the factors determining the growth of premature neonates treated at a secondary health service during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodObservational retrospective and prospective cohort study of premature patients followed at the follow-up clinic in the municipality of Carapicuíba from February 2020 to December 2023. Through a review of medical records, anthropometric data were collected from birth to corrected gestational age, approximately six months, and nutritional and non-nutritional data with direct or indirect influence on growth. Statistical analysis with tests for quantitative and qualitative variables was carried out with the SPSS Statistics software version 27.0 (SPSS et al., USA).ResultThe study analyzed a sample of 302 newborns, predominantly male (51.7%) and classified as moderately preterm (47.4%), with an average gestational age of 32.4 ± 2.8 weeks. Prenatal complications occurred in 59.3% of cases, while neonatal complications, such as extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR, 30.8%) and use of parenteral nutrition (36.1%), were common, with an average hospital stay of 30.2 ± 26.1 days. Most newborns were artificially fed (51%) Moreover, they received multivitamins (71.9%). At six months, the newborns showed healthy growth with an average weight of 6.718.2 ± 1.346.5 g. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant associations between EUGR and negative Z scores for weight, length, and head circumference at six months. Complications such as anemia and congenital abnormalities also negatively impacted these scores. Comparatively, the newborns in the group pre-vaccination against COVID-19 had more significant growth at six months and more prevalence of newborns born large for gestational age (LGA), while complications such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and viral bronchiolitis was more common in the post-vaccination group.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, non-nutritional factors, especially EUGR, significantly influenced the anthropometry of premature babies. This condition highlighted the need for more effective therapeutic strategies and public health measures to improve the growth and development of premature infants.
Psychosocial determinants of oral health outcomes in young children
Authors: Kopycka-Kedzierawski Dorota T. , Ragusa Patricia G. , Feng Changyong , Flint Kim , Watson Gene E. , Wong Cynthia L. , Gill Steven R. , Billings Ronald J. , O’Connor Thomas G. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the social determinants of early childhood caries (ECC), one of the greatest public health risks affecting children, and examine alternative pathways of influence.MethodsA physically healthy, socio-demographically high-risk sample of initially caries-free children, aged 1–4 years, was prospectively studied for 2 years. At 6-month intervals, assessments were made of caries presence from a standard dental exam; oral microbiology was assayed from saliva samples; oral hygiene behaviors and psychological and psychosocial risk exposure were derived from interviews and questionnaires.Results189 children were enrolled; ECC onset occurred in 48 children over the 2-year study period. A composite measure of psychosocial risk was significantly associated with ECC onset over the course of the study (1.57, 95% CI 1.12–2.20, p &lt; .001) and significantly associated with multiple risks for ECC, including poor diet/feeding (.92; 95% CI. 22–1.61, p &lt; .01), poor oral hygiene (.39; 95% CI .09–.68), p &lt; .05), and higher concentrations Lactobacilli (.96; 95% CI .43–1.49, p &lt; .001). Multivariable regression analyses provided indirect support for the hypothesis that psychosocial risk exposure predicts ECC onset via behavioral and oral hygiene pathways.ConclusionsThe study provides novel evidence that psychosocial factors influence many of the purported risks for ECC and strong evidence that there are social and psychological determinants of ECC onset.
Laparoscopic repair of intrathoracic kidney associated with giant congenital diaphragmatic hernia: an infant case report and literature review
Authors: Ji Ze , Zhao Zhen , Xi Hongwei , Ren Hongxia 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundIntrathoracic kidney (ITK) is a rare congenital disease, with only about 40 pediatric cases reported worldwide to date. ITK associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is even rarer, and we report a case of an infant with ITK combined with a giant CDH.Case description and managementA six-month-old male infant was hospitalized due to “vomiting for 4 days”. The child's parents sought a definitive diagnosis and treatment to alleviate the child's suffering. Following a series of examinations and laboratory tests, we determined the child had ITK combined with CDH. We treated the condition laparoscopically, repairing the diaphragmatic defect and securing the kidney to the posterior wall of the abdomen. After a two-year follow-up period, the child exhibited no significant discomfort.ConclusionsInfantile ITK combined with giant CDH is relatively rare and the etiology is unclear. When symptoms of pneumonia, gastrointestinal obstruction or genitourinary tract occur, surgical intervention is necessary. Laparoscopic reduction of the ectopic kidney and repair of the giant diaphragmatic hernia is a minimally invasive and effective surgical approach.
Impact of fresh grape juice on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole: results of a food–drug interaction study
Authors: Iftikhar Tayyaba , Iqbal Zafar , Shah Yasar , Khan Nauman Rahim , Abbas Muhammad , Shehzad Omer , Hadi Fazal , Sardar Haseeba , Abusharha Ali , Daglia Maria , Khan Haroon 
Published: December 2024

Grapes have been widely used for dietary ailments due to their attributed pharmacological activities. Resveratrol, the chief constituent of grapes, is responsible for their pharmacological benefits. However, apart from their beneficial effects, grapes have also recently been considered in drug interaction studies. This study investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of omeprazole administered alone compared to omeprazole administered with grape juice, with a prior intake of grape juice, for 1 continuous week. The study was conducted on two groups of healthy male volunteers [n = 12]. One group was orally administered 40 mg of omeprazole alone, while the other group was administered omeprazole with grape juice. Blood samples were analyzed for omeprazole concentration by a reverse-phase HPLC method. Co-administration of 40 mg omeprazole with grape juice significantly decreased the AUC0-t and Cmax by 32% and 34%, respectively, suggesting a role being played by grapes in the activation of P-glycoprotein and omeprazole metabolizing enzymes, including CYP3A4 and CYP2C19. In conclusion, the addition of grapes as a dietary supplement in patients taking omeprazole for the management of peptic ulcer symptoms may lead to a higher required dose of omeprazole.