bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of DNA methylation to the expression of FCGRT in human liver and myocardium
Authors: Cejas R. B. , Ferguson D. C. , Quiñones-Lombraña A. , Bard J. E. , Blanco J. G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFcRn mediates recycling and transcytosis of IgG and albumin in various cell types. The MHC-class-I-like protein of the FcRn heterodimer is encoded by FCGRT. Few determinants of variable FCGRT expression in humans have been identified so far. In this study, we investigated the presence of DNA methylation in regulatory regions of FCGRT in samples of human liver and myocardium tissue, and we examined the impact of FCGRT methylation on FcRn expression in model cell lines. Quantitative DNA methylation analysis of the FCGRT locus revealed differentially methylated regions in DNA from liver and myocardium. Methylation status in individual CpG sites correlated with FCGRT mRNA expression. Data from model cell lines suggest that differential methylation in the −1058 to −587 bp regulatory region of FCGRT contributes to FcRn expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that CpG site methylation impacts the binding of the methylation sensitive transcription factors Zbtb7a and Sp1. This study provides a foundation to further define the contribution of epigenetic factors during the control of FcRn expression and IgG traffic in human tissues.
Prenatal diagnosis of hypospadias with 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional ultrasonography
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Liu Aqing , Zhang Zhonglu , An Xia , Wang Shaochun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo compare the prenatal diagnostic performance as well as appearance of ultrasonic details between 2-dimensional ultrasonography (2DUS) combined with 3-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) and 2DUS alone for hypospadias. A total of 47 fetuses were enrolled and examined by 2DUS and then 3DUS. Postnatal follow-up data were obtained and 28 cases were confirmed of hypospadias. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend toward higher AUC (0.85 vs. 0.76; p = 0.08), ACC (85.1 vs. 76.6%; p = 0.22), SEN (85.7 vs. 78.6%; p = 0.63), and SPE (84.2 vs. 73.7%; p = 0.50) for 2DUS combined with 3DUS compared with 2DUS alone. The agreement between both methods was moderate [kappa = 0.592]. Both modalities showed accurately the short penis and blunt tip of the penis. 2DUS in combination with 3DUS showed more cases in other detailed features, such as “chordee”, a “hooded” incomplete prepuce, and so on. Overall 2DUS combined with 3DUS showed a trend toward higher performance compared with 2DUS alone for the diagnosis of hypospadias, although the difference was not statistically significant. 3DUS is a useful complement for 2DUS in the diagnosis of fetal hypospadias and may provide more detailed information related to its diagnosis and prognosis.
Depletion of Intestinal Microbiome Partially Rescues Bone Loss in Sickle Cell Disease Male Mice
Authors: Tavakoli Sara , Xiao Liping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis or osteopenia are common clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD) with unclear mechanisms. Since senescence of circulating neutrophil can be modulated by signals derived from intestinal microbiome and neutrophils are abundant in bone marrow and can regulate osteoblasts and osteoclasts, we examined whether gut microbiome contributes to bone loss in SCD mice. SCD and their littermates control mice were treated with antibiotics to deplete gut microbiome. At the end of 7 weeks treatment, serum was collected for biochemistry marker measurements. Bone mass and remodeling were evaluated by dual beam X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, and histomorphometry. Bone-related genes in tibia and barrier marker genes in the small intestine were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Antibiotic treatment rescued increased intestinal inflammatory cytokine marker genes (Tnfα,IL17,Ifnγ) expression, rescued decreased intestinal barrier marker genes (claudin 3andclaudin 15) expression, and rescued increased serum cytokines (IFNγ, IL27, IL10) in SCD mice. Antibiotic significantly improved decreased bone mass in SCD mice mainly through enhanced osteoblast function and increased osteoblast-related genes (Runx2andIgf1) expression in SCD mice. Our findings support that increased bacteria load augments antigenic load traversing the impaired intestinal barrier through inflammation, leading to increased inflammatory cytokines, impaired osteoblast function, and bone loss in SCD mice.
By the numbers: ratings and utilization of behavioral health mobile applications
Authors: Carlo Andrew D. , Hosseini Ghomi Reza , Renn Brenna N. , Areán Patricia A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough >10,000 behavioral health applications (“apps”) are currently available on the Apple and Google Play marketplaces, they have been minimally evaluated or regulated and little is known about “real world” usage patterns. This investigation combined data from online behavioral health app rating frameworks and a mobile health market research firm to identify the most downloaded apps as well as determine rating and ranking concordance between frameworks. Findings demonstrated that the most commonly downloaded apps focus on relaxation, mindfulness, and meditation skills and that they often have notably discordant reviews across rating frameworks. Our results suggest that there is a growing need for: (1) standardized behavioral health app quality and effectiveness measures, (2) up-to-date behavioral health app guidance for clinicians and consumers, and (3) evidence-based apps that incorporate revealed consumer preferences.
Promoter-dependent nuclear RNA degradation ensures cell cycle-specific gene expression
Authors: Catala Mathieu , Abou Elela Sherif 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCell cycle progression depends on phase-specific gene expression. Here we show that the nuclear RNA degradation machinery plays a lead role in promoting cell cycle-dependent gene expression by triggering promoter-dependent co-transcriptional RNA degradation. Single molecule quantification of RNA abundance in different phases of the cell cycle indicates that relative curtailment of gene expression in certain phases is attained even when transcription is not completely inhibited. When nuclear ribonucleases are deleted, transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae G1-specific axial budding gene AXL2 is detected throughout the cell cycle and its phase-specific expression is lost. Promoter replacement abolished cell cycle-dependent RNA degradation and rendered the RNA insensitive to the deletion of nuclear ribonucleases. Together the data reveal a model of gene regulation whereby RNA abundance is controlled by promoter-dependent induction of RNA degradation.
The association between RANK, RANKL and OPG gene polymorphisms and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a case-controlled study and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Liu Weixi , Zhou Xindie , Rui Huan , Zhang Hui , Liu Ruiping 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) and the osteoprotegerin (OPG) cascade system have been reported to be essential in osteoclastogenesis. In recent years, several studies have investigated the association between polymorphisms of RANK, its ligand RANKL and OPG genes and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in different populations. However, the results arising from these studies were conflicting. To determine the association between RANK, RANKL and OPG gene polymorphisms and the risk of RA. We conducted a hospital-based case-controlled study in Changzhou with 574 RA cases and 804 controls. The genotyping of RANK gene rs1805034 polymorphism was conducted by single base extension combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). We also undertook a meta-analysis of the literature referring to polymorphisms of RANK, RANKL and OPG genes and RA risk. This case-controlled study found that the polymorphism in the RANK gene rs1805034 was not related to RA risk. Stratification analyses by sex and age suggested that RANK gene rs1805034 polymorphism was not associated with the risk of RA among groups of male, female, age ≤ 55 and age &gt; 55. Our meta-analysis found that the rs2277438 polymorphism in RANKL gene increased the risk of RA, whereas RANK gene rs1805034, OPG gene rs3102735, OPG gene rs2073618, OPG gene rs3134069 polymorphisms were not related to RA susceptibility. In conclusion, this case-controlled study and meta-analysis indicated that the RANKL gene rs2277438 polymorphism increased the RA risk, and that RANK gene rs1805034, OPG gene rs3102735, OPG gene rs2073618, OPG gene rs3134069 polymorphisms were not related to RA risk.
Electro-weak production of pseudovector C-even heavy quarkonia in electron-positron collisions on Belle II and BES III
Authors: Achasov Nikolay 
Published: June 2019

1. The X(3872) State as Charmonium χc1(2P)
2. The χc1 and χb1 production in the e+e−→ χc1/χb1 reaction
The antibacterial effect of sonication and its potential medical application
Authors: Kamineni Srinath , Huang Chifu 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Recent applications of ultrasonic probes include cataract removal and tennis elbow treatment. Early data support the use of ultrasonic probe debridement in the treatment of recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers. No data are available concerning the potential antibacterial properties of the clinical grade, lower energy ultrasound probes. We investigated the effect of a clinically available ultrasonic debridement probe with respect to bacterial viability.
Methods: A commercially available Tenex sonication machine with a Tx1 probe was used for this study. Three bacterial strains, aerobic and anaerobic, were investigated, G-negative (Porphyromonas gingivalis) and G-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus gordonii). These bacteria were cultured and tested with sonication for varying lengths of time (10, 30, 60, and 120 s). The tested bacterial samples were plated, the number of colonies on each plate counted, and the anti-bacterial effect was calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way analysis of variance.
Results: Sonication exhibited a significant time-dependent antibacterial effect. Statistically significant anti-bacterial effect was observed in all three species tested. When comparing the kill rate between the control and 120 s of sonication; S. gordonii had a 34% kill rate, S. aureus had a 60% kill rate, and P. gingivalis had a 64% kill rate. When comparing control to all of the time intervals tested, S. aureus kill rate was statistically significant at all times, S. gordonii was statistically significant at all times above 10 s, and P. gingivalis was only statistically significant at 120 s.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a clinically available ultrasonic probe has an antibacterial effect against a wide spectrum of gram-positive, gram-negative, aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species. This may partially explain the dramatic healing of long-standing recalcitrant diabetic ulcers debrided with this device and may have a place in treating pathologies with bacterial mechanisms.
Fasten bei Diabetes und arterieller
Hypertonie
Authors: Lischka Eva 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der menschlichen Entwicklungsgeschichte traten häufig Phasen auf, in denen
Nahrung nicht zur Verfügung stand. In solchen Fällen sicherte die Möglichkeit,
von den eigenen Reserven zu zehren, das Überleben der Spezies. Deshalb ist der
Fastenstoffwechsel evolutionsbiologisch fest in unseren Genen verankert. Richtig
angewendet kann man das Fasten aber auch therapeutisch einsetzen.
Diagnostische Bedeutung von epigenetischen Mechanismen und Markern der Myokardschädigung
Authors: Hein Lutz 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungEpigenetische Mechanismen steuern die Entwicklung, Reifung und Funktion von Herzmuskelzellen. DNA-Methylierung und Histonmodifikationen kontrollieren das Genprogramm einer Zelle. In Herzmuskelzellen sind etwa 10 000 Gene aktiv, die für Proteine kodieren. 5% dieser Gene sind spezifisch nur in Kardiomyozyten exprimiert. Bei akuter Myokardschädigung werden diese Proteine aus den Herzmuskelzellen in das Blut freigesetzt und können dort detektiert werden, z. B. mit einem hoch-sensitiven Test für kardiales Troponin. Bei chronischer Myokardschädigung, z. B. bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz, wird in überlebenden Kardiomyozyten ein pathologisches Genprogramm aktiviert, das epigenetisch gesteuert wird. So werden die Gene für die natriuretischen Peptide ANP und BNP durch Histonacetylierung aktiviert, sodass mehr ANP- und BNP-Peptide im Blut erscheinen, wo sie als diagnostische Marker der Herzinsuffizienz verwendet werden können. Epigenetische Regulatoren spielen auch eine wichtige Rolle bei der Herzentwicklung: Bei bis zu 10% der angeborenen Herzfehler konnten Genmutationen – vor allem in epigenetischen Regulatoren – festgestellt werden.
Insulin Sensitivity, Depression/Anxiety, and Physical Fitness in At-Risk Adolescents
Authors: Bruggink Stephanie M. , Shomaker Lauren Berger , Kelly Nichole R. , Drinkard Bart E. , Chen Kong Y. , Brychta Robert J. , Cassidy Omni , Demidowich Andrew P. , Brady Sheila M. , Tanofsky-Kraff Marian , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPoor physical fitness contributes to the early progression of cardiometabolic disease, yet the physiological and psychological factors underpinning poor fitness in at-risk adolescents are not well understood. In this study, we sought to determine the relationship of physical fitness with two developmental phenomena of adolescence, insulin resistance and depression/anxiety symptoms among at-risk youth. We conducted secondary data analyses of 241 overweight or obese adolescents (12–17 years), drawn from two study cohorts. Insulin sensitivity index was derived from oral glucose tolerance tests. Adolescents self-reported depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms on validated surveys. A walk/run test was administered to determine perceived exertion and physical fitness (distance traveled). Insulin sensitivity was positively associated with walk/run distance (b=0.16, P<0.01), even after accounting for all covariates. Anxiety symptoms were inversely related to perceived exertion (b=–0.11, P<0.05), adjusting for covariates. These findings suggest that insulin resistance and anxiety symptoms are associated with different dimensions of physical fitness in overweight or obese adolescents and could both potentially contribute to declining fitness and worsening metabolic outcomes in at-risk youth.
Maternal Thyroid Hormone Deficiency During Gestation and Lactation Alters Metabolic and Thyroid Programming of the Offspring in the Adult Stage
Authors: Tapia-Martínez Jorge , Torres-Manzo Alejandra Paola , Franco-Colín Margarita , Pineda-Reynoso Marisol , Cano-Europa Edgar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnvironmental stimuli during critical developmental stages establish long-term physiological and structural patterns that “program” health during adult life. Little is known about how alterations in hormonal supply might have consequences in metabolic and thyroid programming. This work aims to prove that alterations in the supply of thyroid hormones during gestation and lactation have long-term consequences in the metabolic and thyroid programming of the offspring. Female Wistar rats were divided into euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hypothyroid with 20 μg/day of s.c. thyroxine (T4), replacement wet nurses. Rats were mating, and after birth, pups were grouped according to their wet nurses group. Milk quality of wet nurses was assessed on days 7, 14, and 21. Body mass gain and energy intake of the offspring were monitored for 28 weeks after weaning. At sacrifice, we extracted and weighed their thyroid gland and adipose reserves, and collected blood to measure its metabolic and thyroid profiles. Hypothyroid wet nurses presented a persistent low quality of milk, while both male and female hypothyroid offspring presented lower body mass gain, higher blood glucose, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia, as well as lower total adipose reserves, but higher visceral reserve, diminished T3 and T4 concentrations, and lower weight of thyroid gland. Thyroxine replacement prevented all changes in both wet nurses and pups. We conclude that maternal thyroid hormone deficiency during congenital and lactation stages alters the metabolic and thyroid programming of the offspring, while the reestablishment of maternal thyroid status during critical periods of development can prevent these alterations.
Comparison of a Bridge Immunoassay with Two Bioassays for Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody Detection and Differentiation
Authors: Allelein Stephanie , Diana Tanja , Ehlers Margret , Kanitz Michael , Hermsen Derik , Schott Matthias , Kahaly George J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA rapid and fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for the detection of thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies (TSHR-Ab) based on a bridge technology was compared with two bioassays that measure either stimulating (TSAb) or blocking (TBAb) antibodies for the detection and differentiation of TSHR-Ab. A total of 229 patients with various thyroid disorders [151 with Graves’ disease (GD), 35 with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), 32 with nodular goiter, and 11 with thyroid cancer] were included. The bridge immunoassay was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions (cut-off>0.55 IU/l). TSAb and TBAb were measured with reporter bioassays. Blocking activity was defined as percent inhibition of luciferase expression relative to induction with bovine TSH alone (cut-off>34% inhibition). TSAb was reported as percentage of specimen-to-reference ratio (> 140 SRR%). The 3 TSHR-Ab assays were negative in all patients with benign euthyroid nodular goiter and differentiated thyroid cancer. In contrast, in all patients with GD, irrespective of the disease duration, TSHR-Ab positivity was present in 127 of 151 (84%) and 140 (93%) for the bridge assay and TSAb bioassay, respectively (p<0.001). Fifteen of 151 (10%) GD samples were positive in the TSAb bioassay but negative in the bridge assay. The bridge assay and the TSAb bioassay correlated positively (r=0.39, p<0.0001) in patients with GD. Both assays detected TSHR-Ab in all ten untreated hyperthyroid patients with GD. In GD patients with a duration of less than six months, 27/29 (93%) and 28 (97%) were TSHR-Ab positive with the bridge and TSAb bioassay, respectively. In comparison, TSHR-Ab were present in two of 35 (6%) and five (14%) HT patients with the bridge and TSAb bio-assay, respectively. TSHR blocking antibodies were present in one (3%) patient with HT and in two (1%) patients with GD; these two GD patients were also bridge assay positive but TSAb bioassay negative. In conclusion, the bridge immunoassay and both bioassays are highly sensitive for the detection of TSHR-Ab. The bridge assay is, however, also positive in the presence of TSHR blocking antibodies detected in a TBAb bioassay.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Directed C(sp3)–H Functionalization of Saturated Heterocycles
Authors: Antermite Daniele , Bull James A. 
Published: June 2019

Synthetic methods that can readily access saturated heterocycles with different substitution patterns and with control of stereo- and regiochemistry are of huge potential value in the development of new medicinal compounds. Directed C–H functionalization of simple and commercially available precursors offers the potential to prepare diverse collections of such valuable compounds that can probe the different available exit vectors from a ring system. Nonetheless, the presence of the Lewis basic heteroatoms makes this a significant challenge. This review covers recent advances in the catalytic C–H functionalization of saturated heterocycles, with a view to different heterocycles (N, O, S), substitution patterns and transformations.1	Introduction2	α-C–H Functionalization with Directing Group on Nitrogen3	C–H Functionalization at Unactivated C(3), C(4), and C(5) Positions3.1	C–H Functionalization at C(3) with Directing Groups at C(2)3.2	C–H Functionalization at C(3), C(4), and C(5): Directing Groups at C(4) and C(3)4	Transannular C–H Functionalization5	Conclusion
Is There a Role for Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis in Crohn's Disease?
Authors: Lopez Nicole E. , Zaghyian Karen , Fleshner Phillip 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTraditionally, surgical interventions for colonic Crohn's disease (CD) have been limited to total abdominal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, or total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy if there is rectal involvement. However, improved understandings of the biology of CD, as well as the development of biologic therapies, have enabled more limited resections. Here, we review the indications for, and limitations of, specific procedures aiming to preserve intestinal continuity in colonic CD.
Marijuana Use, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Intercourse among Truant Adolescents
Authors: Graves Hannah R. , Hernandez Lynn , Kahler Christopher W. , Spirito Anthony 
Published: June 2019

Background Adolescence is a time in development when many initiate problem behaviors, including alcohol use, marijuana use, and sexual intercourse. Although research has shown that these behaviors tend to co-occur, little is known about their daily co-occurrences, particularly among high-risk groups such as truant adolescents. This study investigated the influence of marijuana and alcohol use on the odds of engaging in sexual intercourse on a daily level among a sample of truant adolescents. Methods Daily-level data from 76 at-risk, truant adolescents (46 male, 30 female) between the ages of 13 and 19 years who reported alcohol use, marijuana use, and sexual intercourse over a 90-day retrospective recall period were analyzed. Results General estimating equations analyzing 6840 days and controlling for age, gender, and school days demonstrated that the use of marijuana and/or alcohol on a given day were associated with significantly increased odds of engaging in sexual intercourse on the same day. A significant interaction suggested that marijuana use on a given day increased the odds of engaging in sexual intercourse on that day among occasional marijuana users, yet not among frequent users. Additionally, a significant interaction suggested that frequent alcohol users had higher odds of engaging in sexual intercourse than those who used alcohol less frequently. Conclusions This study suggests that experimenting with marijuana and alcohol increases truant adolescents’ odds of also engaging in sexual intercourse. These results bridge the gap in the literature by investigating the daily-level associations and frequency of substance use and sexual intercourse among truant adolescents. This study demonstrates that among truant adolescents, substance use and sexual intercourse do not function independently; therefore, it is important to address the intersection between substance use and sexual behaviors during intervention development if sustained behavioral change is expected.