bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RTide: Machine learning enhanced response method for the analysis and prediction of estuarine tides and storm surge
Authors: Monahan Thomas , Tang Tianning , Roberts Stephen , Adcock Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Tides pose significant operational and engineering challenges and are critical drivers of many natural processes. Accurate tidal predictions are important for modeling these phenomena. Conventionally, tidal prediction is carried out using harmonic analysis, the accuracy of which degrades when non-stationary and nontidal forcing are present. While Munk and Cartwright’s response method avoids the assumptions that give rise to this degradation, the difficulty of defining realistic interactions between inputs has inhibited automated applications. Here, we develop a non-parametric framework for tidal analysis and prediction of sea levels under compound forcing. The approach embeds a class of neural networks capable of representing any arbitrary Volterra series—the mathematical basis of the response method—within the classic method. The new ML Response Framework overcomes the automation challenges imposed by the original method and can directly infer high-order nonlinear interactions. This makes the inclusion of meteorological and other non-tidal forcing straightforward. Furthermore, we show that by accounting for this nonstationarity explicitly, a better astronomical tidal estimate is obtained. A method is devised to obtain physical insights from the learned model, illustrating how it can be used to study the interaction and modulation of astronomical tides by external forcing. By taking a nonparametric approach, our framework makes the study of phenomena that heretofore could not be accounted for straightforward. We provide several case studies, including the analysis and prediction of tide-surge interaction, riverine tides, and nuisance flooding. These applications, and more, can be replicated using only three lines of code with the open-source Python package (RTide).
A robust evaluation of TDP-43, poly GP, cellular pathology and behavior in a AAV- C9ORF72 (G 4 C 2 ) 66 mouse model
Authors: Thompson Emily G. , Spead Olivia , Akerman S. Can , Curcio Carrie , Zaepfel Benjamin L. , Kent Erica R. , Philips Thomas , Vijayakumar Balaji G. , Zacco Anna , Zhou Weibo , Nagappan Guhan , Rothstein Jeffrey D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the major genetic cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (C9-ALS/FTD). Despite considerable efforts, the development of mouse models of C9-ALS/FTD useful for therapeutic development has proven challenging due to the intricate interplay of genetic and molecular factors underlying this neurodegenerative disorder, in addition to species differences. This study presents a robust investigation of the cellular pathophysiology and behavioral outcomes in a previously described AAV mouse model of C9-ALS expressing 66 G4C2 hexanucleotide repeats. The model displays key molecular ALS pathological markers including RNA foci, dipeptide repeat (DPR) protein aggregation, p62 positive stress granule formation as well as mild gliosis. However, the AAV-(G4C2)66 mouse model in this study has marginal neurodegeneration with negligible neuronal loss, or clinical deficits. Human C9orf72 is typically associated with altered TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) function, yet studies of this rodent model revealed no significant evidence of TDP-43 dysfunction. While our findings indicate and support that this is a highly valuable robust and pharmacologically tractable model for investigating the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of (G4C2) repeat driven DPR pathology, it is not suitable for investigating the development of disease- associated TDP-43 dysfunction or clinical impairment. Our findings underscore the complexity of ALS pathogenesis involving genetic mutations and protein dysregulation and highlight the need for more comprehensive model systems that reliably replicate the multifaceted cellular and behavioral aspects of C9-ALS.
Evaluating the Necessity of Colonoscopy in Patients Under 40 with Rectal Bleeding: Insights from a Large-Scale Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Obeidat Ibrahim M , Yahia Yousef , Chandra Prem , Altaiam Amani , Mohamed Ethar , Saffo Husam , Abualsuod Raya , Mousa Ala’a Al-deen , Shalatouni Duha , Alsa’ed Khaled , Arabyat Mahmoud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Bleeding per rectum (BPR) is a common clinical presentation, and colonoscopy is the gold standard for evaluating patients aged ≥ 45 years. However, it’s role in younger patients remains unclear. This study evaluated the appropriateness of colonoscopy in patients < 40 years of age who presented with BPR.Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted over 10 years, including 3422 patients aged 18–40 years who underwent colonoscopy for BPR. The cohort was divided into two age groups: younger (aged 18–30 years) and older (31–40 years). The patients’ baseline characteristics, colonoscopy findings, and histopathological results were analyzed.Results: Hemorrhoids were the most common finding (48%), with a higher prevalence in younger age groups (50.7%). Polyps were detected in 12.5% of patients, with 1.75% having advanced adenoma polyps (AAP) and 1.3% diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). A family history of CRC/AAP was significantly associated with increased CRC risk (adjusted OR 6.35, 95% CI 2.24–18.02, p = 0.001) in explorative logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: AAP and CRC were detected in a small but significant proportion of patients, particularly among those aged 18–30 years. The detection of significant lesions in this age group highlights the need for targeted colonoscopy based on specific risk factors such as family history and clinical presentation. Future research should prioritize the creation of targeted assessment models to improve clinical decision making in this context.
Linear Chart Model for Adverse Prognosis within one Year in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: ZHANG Wei-xin , HUANG Ting , ZOU Wen-ting , HUANG Ting , GAO Yin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors influencing adverse outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS)within one year and establish a linear prediction model based on them.
Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 600 AIS patients treated at our hospital from January 2019 to June 2023. They were divided into an observation group (n=100, adverse prognosis) and a control group (n=500, good prognosis) based on the occurrence of adverse events within one year. Statistical analysis of intergroup differences was performed using the chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Single-factor, multiple-factor logistic regression, and Lasso regression analyses were conducted using the glmnet package to identify independent risk factors affecting AIS. Risk factors influencing adverse outcomes in AIS were depicted using column charts with the "rms" package.Bootstrap method was used for internal validation of the model.
Results Single-factor logistic regression showed that age, admission NIHSS score, blood sugar, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, white blood cell count, smoking history, stroke history, concurrent pneumonia, inability to walk within 48 hours of admission, and atrial fibrillation were the main risk factors (P<0.05). Multiple-factor logistic regression revealed that age, admission NIHSS score, concurrent pneumonia, inability to walk within 48 hours of admission, and atrial fibrillation were independent risk factors influencing adverse outcomes in AIS patients within one year (P<0.05). The ROC curve for the AIS adverse prognosis column chart model within one year showed high credibility, with a training set AUC of 0.993 (0.988-0.998) and a validation set AUC of 0.987 (0.969-1.000).
Conclusion We has successfully constructed a risk prediction model based on a linear chart, which can be used to predict adverse outcomes in AIS patients within one year with high reliability.
Diagnostic performance of MRI signs of intracranial hypertension for high CSF opening pressure in children: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Moreno-Gómez Luz Angela , Quintero-Pulgarín Daniel , Espitia-Segura Oscar Mauricio , Chiquiza-Garzón Leidy Carolina , Farfán-Albarracín Juan David , Ramírez-Sierra Cristina Lorena , Zuñiga-Zambrano Yenny Carolina , Ceballos-Inga Leidy Alexandra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Purpose: The diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) signs of intracranial hypertension (ICH) in children remains unclear. This study aims to assess how brain MR signs of ICH correlate with cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure (CSFOP).
Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted with 77 children aged 1 to 18 years, who underwent brain MR and lumbar puncture with CSFOP measurement. The ICH group included 38 patients (49.3%) and the control group 39 (50.7%). A blinded radiologist evaluated key ICH signs, including distension of the perioptic subarachnoid space, optic nerve (ON) tortuosity, posterior scleral flattening, intraocular protrusion, and enhancement of the prelaminar ON, among others. Odds ratios, likelihood ratios, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) were calculated in relation to CSFOP, adjusted for age and sex.
Results: The presence of four or more MR signs of ICH provided the best diagnostic performance (specificity 92%, sensitivity 40%, AUROC 0.759) for identifying elevated CSFOP, particularly with intraocular protrusion of the prelaminar ON (p = 0.006, median CSFOP 49.6 cmH2O, p <.001) and papilledema (p = 0.042).
Conclusion: The presence of four or more MR signs can accurately predict elevated CSFOP in children with non-structural ICH.
Synthesize, swelling and morphological properties of tea wased-based hydrogel as a slow-release NPK fertilizer applied to mini eggplant seeds growth
Authors: Anuar Wan Amirah Najwa Wan , Ramli Ros Azlinawati , Yuen Mei Lian , Nazlan Rodziah , Tan Suat Hian , Roslan Rasidi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Incorporating tea waste (TW) into hydrogel promotes sustainability and supports the principles of circular economy. Tea waste-grafted-polyacrylic acid containing NPK fertilizer (TW-g-PAA/NPK) was developed as potential slow-release fertilizer hydrogel (SRFH). Its properties were compared to those of synthesized PAA superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and TW-g-PAA superabsorbent polymer composite (SAPC). Chemical, morphological and elemental properties of SAP, SAPC and SRFH were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM microscopy and SEM-EDX spectrometer. The grafting reactions were proven by the appearance of peaks at 1046 cm-1 in SAPC and SRFH spectra, indicating that -COH bonds of cellulose were broken to form -COC- bonds. SEM images showed that, TW fiber was grafted with PAA hydrogel and SRFH had the smallest pore sizes. Furthermore, EDX images proved the presence of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) elements in SRFH. Swelling properties indicated that SRFH has the lowest WAC, resulting in slowest release rate. Re-swelling performance showed that SRFH and SAPC has no vital change in WAC even after five cycles of swelling. Germination and growth of mini eggplants seeds in black soil treated with SRFH showed faster germination and the best development. The developed TW-g-PAA/NPK provide an innovative approach as slow-release fertilizer and water retention in agriculture fields.
Exploring the Knowledge of Oral Health and Nutrition Among Saudi Arabian Dental Professionals: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Parveen Sameena , Ara Syeda Arshiya , Preethanath Reghunathan S , Khan Samar Saeed , Osman Hind Ali , Homeida Husham E. , Dawod Ogail Yousif , Alsayegh Abdulrahman A. , Otayf Abdullah Y. , Bajahzer Mohammed , Mahmoud Nahid 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
The association between diet and oral health is complex, yet understanding the influence of nutrition on oral health among dental professionals is limited. This study aimed to assess the knowledge levels of dental professionals in Saudi Arabia regarding the relationship between diet and oral health.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 211 dental professionals using an 18-item questionnaire. Statistical Analysis SPSS v23.0 was used for analysis. Yes = 1; No/I don't know = 0 for a knowledge score (0–18). The mean, SD, and proportions were calculated. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test determined normality. The Chi-squared test and post-hoc Tukey analysis assessed relationships.
Results:
The findings revealed that female practitioners (mean = 13.41, SD = 2.85) and older professionals had higher knowledge levels, with a total mean score of 12.33 (SD = 2.93). Significant correlations were observed between knowledge scores and age (ANOVA: F = 2.874; p = 0.024) and between knowledge scores and gender (t-test: t = 6.68, p < 0.001). Oral Medicine Specialists and Periodontists had the highest knowledge scores, with mean scores of 13.43 (SD = 2.87) and 13.63 (SD = 2.66), respectively, while General Dentists scored lower (mean = 10.49, SD = 3.12; ANOVA: F = 4.462; p < 0.001). Practitioners with less than five years of experience had significantly lower knowledge scores (mean = 11.14, SD = 3.23) compared to those with 5–10 years (mean = 13.40, SD = 2.34) and over 20 years of experience (mean = 12.69, SD = 2.22) (ANOVA: F = 5.016; p = 0.002).
Conclusion:
Our findings reveal that dental professionals in Saudi Arabia have varying knowledge regarding the relationship between diet and oral health. While awareness exists, there are gaps in understanding the nutritional factors influencing oral health outcomes. Addressing these knowledge gaps through targeted educational interventions is essential, given the crucial role dental professionals play in promoting oral health and educating patients on the importance of nutrition. Enhancing this knowledge will improve patient care and contribute to better community health outcomes through informed preventive strategies and public health initiatives.
Deep active learning for complex systems
Authors: Wei Ye , Peng Bo , Xie Ruiwen , Chen Yangtao , Qin Yu , Wen Peng , Bauer Stefan , Tung Po-Yen , Raabe Dierk 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Inferring optimal solutions from limited data is considered the ultimate goal in scientific discovery. Artificial intelligence offers a promising avenue to greatly accelerate this process. Existing methods often depend on large datasets, strong assumptions about objective functions, and classic machine learning techniques, restricting their effectiveness to low-dimensional or data-rich problems.

We present a deep active learning pipeline that combines deep neural networks with a novel tree search to find superior solutions in high-dimensional complex problems with non-cumulative objectives and limited data availability. Our pipeline iteratively approaches the optimum using a neural surrogate and introduces new search mechanisms to bypass the local optimum and minimize the number of samples needed to achieve superior solutions. These contributions enable our pipeline to achieve superior solutions across diverse problems with up to 2,000 dimensions, whereas existing methods are limited to 100 dimensions and require up to 10 times more data points. Our pipeline demonstrates wide applicability, discovering superior solutions in various domain science problems. This advancement enables data-efficient knowledge discovery and opens the path towards scalable self-driving laboratories. Although we focus on problems within the realm of scientific domain, the advancements achieved herein are applicable to a broader spectrum of challenges across all quantitative disciplines.
De Macondo a McOndo: un análisis espacial de Temporada de huracanes de Fernanda Melchor
Authors: Oliver Felipe 
Published: December 2024

La novela Temporada de huracanes (2017) de Fernanda Melchor aborda la violencia del México contemporáneo desde la construcción de un espacio rico y complejo que evoca al formato de la novela negra y al mismo tiempo posibilita un nutrido diálogo con la tradición novelística latinoamericana. Ambientada en la ficticia región de La Matosa, la obra construye un universo social rico en referencias y posibilidades interpretativas. En efecto, además de ofrecer un crudo retrato de la violencia en el México contemporáneo, La Matosa entabla un diálogo con espacios ficcionales bien conocidos como el Macondo de Gabriel García Márquez, la Santa María de Juan Carlos Onetti y Estación El Olivo de José Donoso. De igual modo, el espacio en la novela de Melchor es rico en referencias intertextuales de la cultura de masas, lo que igualmente posibilita un diálogo con lo que los chilenos Alberto Fuguet y Sergio Gómez en su momento definieron como McOndo. Este trabajo analiza entonces la novela de Fernanda Melchor desde su cercanía con la novela negra en general y desde su cercanía a algunas de las mejores ficciones del pasado siglo en particular. Por último, el texto analiza La Matosoa como la representación alegórica del fracaso de la globalidad y la multiculturalidad en América Latina.
Assessment of Quality and Reliability of YouTube Videos for Student Learning on Class II Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: Balhaddad AA , Alkhalifah I , Albuhmdouh D , AlSheikh R , Dehailan L Al , AlQuorain H , Alsulaiman AA 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
YouTube has emerged as a popular platform for accessing educational content. However, its effectiveness has been a topic of debate in dental education. This study aimed to analyze the content and quality of YouTube videos focusing on Class II resin composite restorations. The first 100 videos of Class II resin composite information on YouTube were evaluated. The overall quality of the videos was assessed using the video information and quality index (VIQI) and Content Score based on Class II resin composite criteria. Videos with a score of less than the mean were recognized as low-content. No significant differences were observed between high- and low-content videos when the number of views, likes, duration, days since upload, viewing rate, and interaction index were investigated (p&gt;0.05). The number of subscribers revealed a marginally significant difference (p=0.053). The high-content videos demonstrated higher mean values compared to the low-content videos in flow (4.6 vs. 3.8; p=0.0004), accuracy (4.3 vs. 3.3; p&lt;0.0001), value (3.7 vs. 2.9; p=0.002), and precision (4.8 vs. 4.2; p=0.0002). The overall VIQI score was significantly higher (p&lt;0.0001) in high-content videos (Mean 17.4; SD 1.5) compared to the low-content videos (Mean 14.2; SD 2.2). When the Content Score was assessed, high-content videos (Mean 9.9; SD 1.3) revealed a higher score (p&lt;0.0001) than low-content-videos (Mean 4.2; SD 2.3). Most YouTube videos showcasing Class II resin composites serve as effective teaching tools. However, a significant number of videos with low content exist. Therefore, dental students should exercise caution when utilizing YouTube videos for learning purposes.
Buonocore Memorial Lecture 2023: Changing Operative Mindsets with Universal Adhesives and Cements
Authors: Breschi L 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
Adhesive dentistry has undergone significant advancements since its inception, marked by continuous improvements in material performance and adaptability to various dental and restorative substrates. Initially, the anatomical differences between enamel and dentin made adhesive approaches challenging. Early systems were often complex and operator dependent, leading to the development of multistep protocols. However, advancements have led to the creation of more user-friendly self-etch systems and the emergence of universal adhesives (UAs). These UAs can be applied with equal effectiveness to different substrates, including enamel and dentin, simplifying the clinical workflow and enhancing reliability. The concept of universality has recently been extended to other dental materials, most notably universal resin cements. These cements offer a versatile approach as they are capable of both adhesive and self-adhesive bonding, thereby accommodating a wide range of restorative scenarios. The advent of these materials represents a significant advance toward simplifying procedures, reducing technique sensitivity and the likelihood of operator error, and achieving consistently high quality restorations. Current research focuses on further refining these universal materials to enhance their performance, making them a cornerstone of modern adhesive dentistry.
Transformasi Digital dan Sumberdaya Manusia dalam Konsep Intelligent City di Kawasan Pesisir Wilayah Perkotaan
Authors: Astuti Susy  Budi , Wahyudie Prasetyo , Anggraeni Lea Kristina , Tanadda Onna Anieqo , Azahra Lutfita Ashri , Dewi Mahardika Rachma , Putri Maria Anugrahaning Kesuma 
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini membahas peran transformasi digital dalam konsep Intelligent city sebagai landasan menuju penyetaraan pembangunan pesisir di perkotaan, dengan fokus pada studi kasus Kampung Nelayan Kenjeran di Surabaya. Wilayah ini merupakan kawasan pesisir dekat pusat kota yang seharusnya menjadi kemudahan dalam laju pengembangan modernisasi, Namun pada faktanya justru terdapat kesenjangan pada pilar aspek keberlanjutan dengan wilayah disekitarnya, sehingga fenomena ini menarik untuk dikaji baik potensi maupun kendalanya, terkait peran kehadiran teknologi digital dan sumberdaya manusianya. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan mix-method berupa kualitatif dan kuantitatif. pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara dengan masyarakat desa, observasi lapangan, dan tinjauan pustaka. Hasil temuan menyatakan bahwa masyarakat Kampung Nelayan Kenjeran Surabaya sebagian telah mengenal adanya internet dan kemajuan teknologi, namun hadirnya internet di wilayah ini kurang menghadirkan peran positif dalam kenaikan taraf hidup masyarakatnya karena hambatan dan tantangan pada setiap elemen masyarakatnya. Hambatan tersebut meliputi tingkat keterbatasan akses, kurangnya pemahaman teknologi, serta ketidaksetaraan dalam pemanfaatan dan penguasaan sumber daya digital. Untuk itu diperlukan intervensi khusus sesuai dengan pola perilaku masyarakat Kampung Nelayan Kenjeran guna menyelaraskan pembangunan wilayah ini dengan lingkungan sekitarnya sehingga dapat mencapai kesetaraan pengembangan wilayah dan lingkungan pesisir yang berkelanjutan. Luaran penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam merumuskan program pengembangan pesisir di perkotaan yang berkelanjutan, dan dapat mengimbangi laju perkembangan modernisasi dan transformasi digital.