bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Customizable Twisted Nanofluidic Cellulose Fibers by Asymmetric Microfluidics for Self‐Powered Urine Monitoring
Authors: Lin Zewan , Fu Xiaotong , Yang Tingting , Jiao Chenlu , Zheng Ke , Feng Qichun , Zhu Shuze , Zhou Xiang , Liu Zunfeng , Ye Dongdong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe unique selective ion‐transport characteristics of nanofluids make them applicable in energy harvesting and sensing. However, developing scalable, self‐powered nanofluidic devices remains challenging due to high cost, processing complexity, and reliance on external power sources. In this work, surface‐twisted, internally aligned algae fibers (twisted fibers) are fabricated using an asymmetric flow field to regulate the assembly process of the algae cellulose nanofibers. Unlike aligned fibers from the symmetrical process, asymmetric flow‐mediated twisted fibers exhibit a significantly reduced diameter (33.6–20.4 µm), increased packing density (0.87–1.47 g cm−3), superior fractured stress (249.4–468.5 MPa), and an enhanced Herman's orientation parameter (from 0.77 to 0.89). Importantly, twisted fibers demonstrate energy‐harvesting up to 12.87 W m−2 under a 50‐fold salinity gradient and can serve as self‐powered urine monitors, effectively distinguishing infants' urination from motility behaviors and alerting urine saturation due to high ionic conductivity (7.8 mS cm−1) at dilute electrolyte concentrations. This study provides a novel design concept for a self‐powered biomass‐based nanofluidic health sensing system.
Electrolyte Engineering of Hard Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Mechanism Analysis to Design Strategies
Authors: Cui Keying , Hou Ruilin , Zhou Haoshen , Guo Shaohua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe hard carbon (HC) anodes with desirable electrochemical performances including high initial Coulombic efficiency, superior rate performance and long‐term cycling play an indispensable role in the practical application of sodium ion batteries (SIBs), which are closely related to the electrolytes them matched. Fully analyzing the mechanism of electrolyte engineering for HC anodes is crucial for promoting the commercialization of SIBs, but is still lacking. In this review, the correlation between physicochemical properties of the electrolyte and the electrochemical performance of HC is first summarized. And point out the crucial role of electrolyte properties, including ion conductivity, de‐solvation energy, and interface passivation ability for the Na+ storage in HC. Then, the formation process, composition, as well as structure of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on HC surface are mainly discussed, and the structure‐activity relationship of SEI is analyzed in depth. Moreover, based on the mechanism analysis, relevant electrolyte design strategies have been summarized. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of the electrolyte engineering of HC are proposed. This review is expected to provide professional theoretical guidance for the development of electrolyte and contribute to the rational design of high‐performance HC anodes, promoting the industrialization of SIBs.
Liquid Crystal Elastomer for Compression Therapy
Authors: Dong Gaoweiang , Zhao Fangchen , Gao Zongyu , Cai Shengqiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCompression therapy is a widely used treatment for various disorders including venous leg ulcers. Traditional methods such as inelastic bandages and elastic stockings, have limitations in maintaining optimal pressure over time. Dynamic therapy devices offer intermittent pressure cycles but are often bulky or rigid. Here liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) is proposed for both static and dynamic compression therapy. Due to the soft elasticity of polydomain LCE, LCE‐based static stocking can maintain consistent pressure over a wide range of leg diameters, permitting the tolerance of stocking application inconsistencies, various limb sizes, and interfacial pressure drop due to leg deswelling. The LCE‐based dynamic stocking consists of monodomain LCEs with reversible thermal actuation, heating elements, and electronics. The dynamic stocking generates intermittent pressure from 20 to 60 mmHg with a slight temperature increase above 33 °C and offers pressure profile programmability. Furthermore, an untethered LCE‐based dynamic compression device on a human leg is demonstrated. Both LCE‐based static and dynamic stockings show minimal stress relaxation and reusability over 1000 cycles, ensuring long‐term use in compression therapy applications.
Constructing Highly Porous Low Iridium Anode Catalysts Via Dealloying for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Liang Jiashun , Fu Cehuang , Hwang Sooyeon , Dun Chaochao , Luo Liuxuan , Shadike Zulipiya , Shen Shuiyun , Zhang Junliang , Xu Hui , Wu Gang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIridium (Ir) is the most active and durable anode catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). However, their large‐scale applications are hindered by high costs and scarcity of Ir. Lowering Ir loadings below 1.0 mgcm−2 causes significantly reduced PEMWE performance and durability. Therefore, developing efficient low Ir‐based catalysts is critical to widely commercializing PEMWEs. Herein, an approach is presented for designing porous Ir metal aerogel (MA) catalysts via chemically dealloying IrCu alloys. The unique hierarchical pore structures and multiple channels of the Ir MA catalyst significantly increase electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and enhance OER activity compared to conventional Ir black catalysts, providing an effective solution to design low‐Ir catalysts with improved Ir utilization and enhanced stability. An optimized membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with an Ir loading of 0.5 mgIr cm−2 generated 2.0 A cm−2 at 1.79 V, higher than the Ir black at a loading of 2.0 mgIr cm−2 (1.63 A cm−2). The low‐Ir MEA demonstrated an acceptable decay rate of ≈40 µV h−1 during durability tests at 0.5 (>1200 h) and 2.0 A cm−2 (400 h), outperforming the commercial Ir‐based MEA (175 µV h−1 at 2.0 mgIr cm−2).
Phase Engineering of Giant Second Harmonic Generation in Bi2O2Se
Authors: Lou Zhefeng , Zhao Yingjie , Gong Zhihao , Zhu Ziye , Wu Mengqi , Wang Tao , Wang Jialu , Qi Haoyu , Zuo Huakun , Xu Zhuokai , Shen Jichuang , Wang Zhiwei , Li Lan , Xu Shuigang , Kong Wei , Li Wenbin , Zheng Xiaorui , Wang Hua , Lin Xiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract2D materials with remarkable second‐harmonic generation (SHG) hold promise for future on‐chip nonlinear optics. Relevant materials with both giant SHG response and environmental stability are long‐sought targets. Here, the enormous SHG from the phase engineering of a high‐performance semiconductor, Bi2O2Se (BOS), under uniaxial strain, is demonstrated. SHG signals captured in strained 20 nm‐BOS films exceed those of NbOI2 and NbOCl2 of similar thickness by a factor of 10, and are four orders of magnitude higher than monolayer‐MoS2, resulting in a significant second‐order nonlinear susceptibility on the order of 1 nm V−1. Intriguingly, the strain enables continuous adjustment of the ferroelectric phase transition across room temperature. An exceptionally large tunability of SHG, approximately six orders of magnitude, is achieved through strain modulation. This colossal SHG, originating from the geometric phase of Bloch wave functions and coupled with sensitive strain tunability in this air‐stable 2D semiconductor, opens new possibilities for designing chip‐scale, switchable nonlinear optical devices.
Molecules to Masterpieces: Bridging Materials Science and the Arts
Authors: Kohle Ferdinand F. E. , Sai Hiroaki , Tait William R. T. , Beaucage Peter A. , Susca Ethan M. , Thedford R. Paxton , Wiesner Ulrich B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArt and materials innovation have always been intertwined, dating back to the earliest human creations. In modern times, however, the increasing specialization of materials science often restricts artists' access to cutting‐edge materials. Here, the materials science aspects of an art‐science collaboration between artist Kimsooja and the Wiesner Lab at Cornell University, are detailed. The project involves the development of a custom‐made iridescent block copolymer coating by means of self‐assembly, originally applied to transparent window panels of a façade for the ≈14 m tall art installation: A Needle Woman: Galaxy Is a Memory, Earth is a Souvenir by artist Kimsooja. After several exhibitions in the US and Europe, the installation is now part of the permanent museum collection at Yorkshire Sculpture Park in Wakefield, UK. Full characterization of the solution blade‐cast coatings show shear aligned, standing up lamellar morphologies that behave as volume‐phase gratings with periodicities between 300 and 400 nm. Coatings are also applied to foldable (origami) paper and converted into iridescent porous ceramic materials. It is hoped this work inspires and informs communities across materials science, the arts, and architecture.
3D‐Assembled Bionic Tactile Sensing “Skin” for Soft Machines
Authors: Zhang Ruiping , Chen Yihao , Wang Ziheng , Liang Ziwei , Ma Yinji , Chen Ying , Feng Xue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoft machines such as bionic soft robotics attract tremendous interest. Environmental awareness between the “skin” of robotics and the contact surface is essential for motion control. Contact sensing requires not only bionic tactile perception but also high adaptability to their skin's soft nature. However, most tactile sensors can only measure normal pressure and are not adapted to large‐area soft surfaces. Here, a multi‐directional bionic tactile sensing “skin” (MBT‐Skin) for soft machines is developed. The skin can detect pressure and friction simultaneously with its 3D structure. Through curvature‐controlled transfer printing and multi‐step 3D assembly, multiple 3D structures with a small size (1.4 mm × 1.2 mm × 4 mm) are fabricated efficiently. The sensor possesses high sensitivity (P: −0.013N−1; f: 0.036 N−1), good linearity (P: R2 = 0.990; f: R2 = 0.999), and robust repeatability (≈1000). For MBT‐Skin, stretchable interconnections are designed to adapt to the large skin deformation of soft machines. It is mounted on a soft snake‐like cylinder and detects multi‐direction force mimicking tactile perception during soft robotics movement. The results show that MBT‐Skin is capable of detecting pressure and friction with minimal interference from machine bending, which demonstrates its potential future applications in environmental awareness for bionic soft robotics.
From Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries to High‐Performance Supercapacitors: Enabling Universal Gradient Recycling via Spin Capacitance
Authors: Liao Shuxuan , Qin Lihao , Niu Yize , Xie Mingming , Liu Rui , Bu Zeyuan , Fu Haoyu , Meng Xianyi , Zhang Weiye , Liu Guopeng , Hu Yuxiang , Li Qiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDriven by environmental imperatives and the growing economic challenges posed by the accumulation of spent batteries, developing effective recycling strategies has become paramount. Current direct battery recycling methodologies primarily focus on structural restoration, but the universality of this approach is hampered by the variability in electrode degradation mechanisms and the extent of irreversible damage sustained after cycling. To overcome these inherent limitations, this research introduces a universally applicable in situ recycling strategy that rejuvenates the metal components within batteries. Through an in situ facile electrochemical treatment, the cathode material is engineered to create a nanostructured interface composed of transition metal/lithium compounds, enhancing intrinsic electron/ion conduction and enabling substantial charge storage with accelerated transfer capabilities. Furthermore, operando magnetometry reveals that the energy storage mechanism aligns with a space charge mechanism, manifesting as spin‐polarized capacitance. As proof of concept, the recycled LiFePO4‐based batteries are in situ converted into high‐performance supercapacitors, boasting an energy density of 106 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 10,714 W kg−1, alongside impressive cycling stability with 91.3% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. This approach demonstrates feasibility with LiFePO4 and extends to other commercial cathodes such as LiCoO2, LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, and even their blends, offering a groundbreaking solution for lithium‐ion battery recycling.
Efficient Passive Cooling Over a Novel Bifunctional Polymer Bilayer Composite Simultaneously Possessing Radiative and Evaporative Cooling Properties
Authors: Xin Qingxi , Ma Benchi , Ru Jiaying , Zhou Yu , Jing Dengwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPassive cooling technologies being free from additional energy consumption, offer significant advantages in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating global warming. However, radiative cooling has a thermodynamic limit, and evaporative cooling requires additional components, which restricts their large‐scale application, respectively. Herein, a radiative/evaporative bifunctional cooling bilayer is presented, featuring an upper layer composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐cohexafluoropropene) [P(VdF‐HFP)] integrated with a hygroscopic hydrogel lower layer [polyacrylamide (PAAm)/alginate‐CaCl2]. High solar reflectance (0.916) and long‐wave infrared emittance (0.900) of the P(VdF‐HFP) combined with hydrogel evaporation enable a notable 15.4 °C temperature drop under 706.3 W·m−2 solar radiation. The bilayer is demonstrated to be effective under outdoor conditions for continuous three cloudy days, achieving an average temperature reduction ranging from 6.3 to 15.7 °C. Considering the low cost and simplicity of the preparation method, ease of large‐scale fabrication, and good cooling performance, this bilayer structure provides a promising strategy for the application of passive cooling.
Cover crops in organic cotton influence greenhouse gas emissions and soil microclimate
Authors: Salehin Sk Musfiq Us , Rajan Nithya , Mowrer Jake , Casey Kenneth D. , Tomlinson Peter , Somenahally Anil , Bagavathiannan Muthu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCover crops in organic cotton systems can offset the carbon loss typically observed in conventional systems. However, their effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and soil microclimate are poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the effects of cover crops on soil carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions and soil moisture and temperature dynamics in organic cotton systems. To achieve this, we used static chamber techniques with soil sensors in a field study near College Station, TX, from 2020 to 2022. Cover crops tested were oat (Avena sativa L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) (AWP), turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa), a mixture of all three, and a fallow control. In the first year of organic transition (2020), mixed species treatment enhanced CO2 emission by 39.6%, 34.4%, and 40% than AWP, turnip, and control, respectively. Compared to the control, N2O emissions were lower in AWP, turnip, and oat treatments by 77%, 57.2%, and 53% in 2020. Weed pressure and drought in 2021 and 2022 neutralized cover crops’ effect on soil GHG emissions. Soils generally acted as net CH4 sinks, but the uptake did not differ among the treatments. Cover crops depleted soil moisture during their growing period, but surface residues helped retain more moisture during the cotton season. Compared to fallow, mixed species and AWP were observed to reduce soil temperature fluctuations. Therefore, in transitioning, organic systems effects of cover crops on soil GHG emissions can vary depending on weather, weed management, and the cover crop types.
Ru(II)‐Catalysed Highly Regioselective C6 C‐H/N‐H Annulation of Indole‐7‐carboxamides with Alkynes for the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,2‐h]isoquinolin‐9‐ones
Authors: Jadhav Pankaj , Dawande Sudam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe disclosed an efficient protocol for regioselective C6 C−H/N−H activation/annulation reaction of indole‐7‐carboxamides with alkynes to synthesize highly substituted pyrrolo[3,2‐h]isoquinolin‐9‐one derivatives. Under optimized reaction conditions, electron‐deficient and electron‐rich internal alkynes reacted efficiently with various indole‐7‐carboxamides to deliver desired products in good to excellent yields. The synthetic utility of the product is demonstrated by its selective oxidation to the corresponding isatin derivative. Deuterium insertion and intermolecular competition experiments were also conducted to gain mechanistic insights.
Cognitive flexibility in autism: How task predictability and sex influence performances
Authors: Lacroix Adeline , Torija Emma , Logemann Alexander , Baciu Monica , Cserjesi Renata , Dutheil Frédéric , Gomot Marie , Mermillod Martial 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhile cognitive flexibility challenges are frequently reported in autistic individuals, inconsistencies in the findings prompt further investigation into the factors influencing this flexibility. We suggest that unique aspects of the predictive brain in autistic individuals might contribute to these challenges, potentially varying by sex. Our study aimed to test these hypotheses by examining cognitive flexibility under different predictability conditions in a sample including a similar number of males and females. We conducted an online study with 263 adults (127 with an autism diagnosis), where participants completed a flexibility task under varying levels of predictability (unpredictable, moderately predictable, and predictable). Our results indicate that as task predictability increases, performance improves; however, the response time gap between autistic and non‐autistic individuals also widens. Moreover, we observe significant differences between autistic males and females, which differ from non‐autistic individuals, highlighting the need to consider sex differences in research related to the cognition of autistic individuals. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of cognitive flexibility and sex differences in autism in light of predictive brain theories and suggest avenues for further research.
Meeting Aerobic Physical Activity Guidelines and Associations With Physical Fitness in Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Baseline Results of the Multicentre INTERVAL‐GAP4 Trial
Authors: Umlauff Lisa , Kenfield Stacey A. , Newton Robert U. , Hart Nicolas H. , Saad Fred , Courneya Kerry S. , Greenwood Rosemary , Bloch Wilhelm ,   INTERVAL‐GAP4 Steering Committee/Coordinating Centres Members/Protocol Development Working Group Members, Schumann Moritz 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study compared the physical activity level of men with metastatic prostate cancer at baseline of the multicentre INTERVAL‐GAP4 trial to the American Cancer Society guidelines and examined associations with physical fitness.MethodsA total of 140 men on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were included in this cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from the INTERVAL‐GAP4 trial. Exclusion criteria included a maximum of 1 h of vigorous aerobic exercise or one structured resistance exercise session per week but no restrictions on habitual physical activity. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using a modified Godin–Shephard Leisure‐Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. Physical fitness measurements included peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), maximal power output (Wmax), 400 m walk time, one‐repetition maximum (1RM) of leg extension, leg press, chest press and seated row, and handgrip strength. Quantile regression was used to analyse associations of MVPA with physical fitness outcomes at the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of the physical fitness distributions.ResultsTotal self‐reported MVPA was 60 (IQR: 0, 180) min per week, with 29% meeting the aerobic physical activity guidelines. There was a statistically significant association of higher MVPA with higher relative VO2peak at the 25th (β = 0.53, p = 0.020) and 75th percentiles (β = 0.66, p = 0.001), relative Wmax at the 25th (β = 0.05, p = 0.003), 50th (β = 0.05, p = 0.009) and 75th percentiles (β = 0.07, p = 0.004) and reduced 400 m walk time at the 75th percentile (β = −4.26, p = 0.023), with β corresponding to the change in the dependent variable for each one‐hour increase in weekly MVPA.ConclusionFew men recruited to the INTERVAL‐GAP4 trial were meeting aerobic physical activity guidelines at baseline. Higher MVPA was associated with better aerobic capacity and walking performance but not maximal strength in men with metastatic prostate cancer on ADT.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02730338; German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00010310
Highly Selective Cytokine Induction of Nitrated Lipid‐Modified α‐GalCer Derivatives Demonstrating High Binding Affinity to the Lipid Antigen Presenting Molecule CD1d
Authors: Sueyoshi Kodai , Kishi Junichiro , Inuki Shinsuke , Matsumaru Takanori , Fujimoto Yukari 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlycolipid antigens are presented by CD1d on antigen‐presenting cells to T cell receptors (TCRs) of natural killer T (NKT) cells, leading to immune responses via cytokine induction. Although various lipid antigens have been found, there are only a limited number of glycolipid antigens having selective cytokine induction. In this study, we identified the glycolipids (α‐GalCer nitro‐type) that exhibit highly selective induction of Th2 and Th17 type cytokines, with very high binding affinity to CD1d, by introducing nature‐inspired nitro‐modified fatty acyl groups. The natural nitroalkene moiety of fatty acyl groups in the glycolipids effectively enhances the affinity to CD1d through presumed hydrogen‐bonding and NO2–π interactions, leading to the distinctive function in cytokine induction and selectivity.
Synthesis of an Unsymmetrical Dialumane and Kinetic Analysis of its Alkene Insertion
Authors: Yamanashi Ryotaro , Mizutani Kanata , Yamashita Makoto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn unsymmetrical dialumane was synthesized by the reaction of a nucleophilic alumanyl anion with a bromoalumane and it was structurally characterized to show the existence of the Et2O‐coordination to the Al atom. The reactivity of the obtained Al−Al bond toward ethylene and styrene was examined, and the resulting insertion products underwent subsequent reactions. The reaction of the dialumane with styrene was decelerated by an addition of Et2O, suggesting that an Et2O dissociation occurred before the alkene insertion, which can be distinguished from an associative mechanism involving a five‐coordinated Al intermediate.
Study on Internal Standards Applicable to the Detection of Recombinant Erythropoietin
Authors: Niu Chengshuai , Liu Kaifeng , Liu Xinchao , He Sen , Zhou Xinmiao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the discovery of the variant c.577del in the EPO gene, the procedure for detecting the presence of recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) has become complicated and time‐consuming. To address this situation, an rEPO confirmation method that uses reverse‐normal immunopurification coupled with western blotting (WB) and sodium N‐lauroylsarcosinate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SAR‐PAGE), which can detect the EPO variant (VAR‐EPO) and rEPO with anti‐VAR‐EPO and anti‐EPO antibodies, has been developed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an internal standard (IS) that can be recognized by an anti‐VAR‐EPO antibody to monitor reverse immunopurification, ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the analysis. In this study, we constructed an IS based on VAR‐EPO modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and then assessed its reliability and applicability in doping analysis. The data provided here show that the obtained PEGylated VAR‐EPO can be used as an IS to monitor the detection of not only rEPO and VAR‐EPO but also EPO receptor agonists in urine samples.