bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COLON AND RECTAL CANCER ARE DIFFERENT TUMOR ENTITIES ACCORDING TO EPIDEMIOLOGY, CARCINOGENESIS, MOLECULAR- AND TUMOR BIOLOGY, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION: PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Jafarov S. , Link K. H. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction.Colon and rectal cancer (CC, RC) are different entities from a clinical and tumor biological point of view. Up to now, both, CC and RC, are synonymously called “Colorectal Cancer” (CRC). With our experience in basic and clinical research and routine work in this field we now have come to the opinion, that the term “CRC” should definitely be questioned, and if justified, be abandoned.Materials/Methods.We analyzed the actual available data from the literature and our own results from the Ulm based study group FOGT to proof or reject our hypothesis.Results.The following evident differences were recognized: Anatomically, the risk to develop RC is 4× higher than for CC. Molecular changes in carcinogenesis in CC are different from RC. Physical activity helps to prevent CC, not RC. Pathologically there are differences between RC and CC. In addition, there are also major clinical differences between CC and RC, such as in surgical topography and– procedures, multimodal treatment (MMT) approaches (RC in MMT is less sensitive to chemotherapy than CC), and prognostic factors for the spontaneous course and for success of MMT (e.g. TS or DPD ). Discussion. CC ´sand RC´s definitely are different in parameters of causal and formal carcinogenesis, effectivity of primary prevention by physical activity, conventional and molecular pathology.According to our findings we can demand from the preclinical point of view that CC and RC are two different tumor entities in terms of various representative biological characteristics.CC and RC are also differing substantially in many clinical features, as outlined in a separate paper from our group.Conclusion.“CRC” should no longer be used in basic and clinical research and other fields of cancer classification as a single disease entity. CC is not the same as RC. CC might even be divided into right and left CC.
Contemporary Public Spaces As Meeting Places
Authors: PALUS Kinga , ZABAWA-KRZYPKOWSKA Joanna 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Examples presented in the paper are focused on functional and formal elements that have a positive impact on the attractiveness of the use of public space in the city. They show how in different scale and using various architectural and urban elements to create or transform a space that has gained acceptance and responded to the needs of different user groups. The study used methods of observation and comparison of selected examples in different locations in the world and the method of analysis of the sources. Based on observation and analysis of literature the authors have drawn up a list of criteria allowing the assessment of the quality of space with emphasis on the validity of the social aspect.
Passive Systems In Raising Energy Efficiency of Public Utility Buildings – Action Simulations
Authors: WOŁOSZYN Marek A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Public utility buildings are formally, structurally and functionally complex entities. Frequently the process of their design involves retroactive reconsideration of energy engineering issues, once a building concept has already been completed. At that stage minor formal corrections are made along with the design of the external layer of the building, satisfying or even exceeding applicable standards. Architecture students do the same when designing assigned public utility buildings. It can be demonstrated on a few examples that transforming the form, structure and function of a building can significantly affect its energy efficiency. In order to prove such a thesis the following assumption was made: both prior to and following the incorporation of changes, the analysed building features external layers of the same thermal insulating. Thus, the building is fitted with external envelopes of the same coefficients of thermal transmittance – U. The following aspects needed to be examined in the analysed buildings: the location in relation to the directions of the world, in order to open it to the insolation from the south and to maximally close it from the north, to improve the function layout in order to enable room temperate zoning, to use passive systems of solar energy gain (direct, indirect and compilation gain systems) from the southern side and to design the control of warm and cool air masses in the building.
Preventing Irregularity Effects of Infills Through Modifying Architectural Drawings
Authors: NOORIFARD Azadeh , TABESHPOUR Mohammad Reza , SARADJ Fatemeh Mehdizadeh 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Experiences of past earthquakes show that some designed and constructed buildings by engineers have been damaged during earthquakes because of negative effects of infill walls. The main aim of this paper is to prevent the amount of overall detrimental effects of infill walls such as torsion and soft story in a conventional residential building based on seismic codes of some countries and to use the maximum potential of walls. The results show that building in construction condition may suffer torsion because infills which are not modelled in design process are attached to the structure in construction phase. Contrary to the initial impression that there is a soft story in municipal buildings because of parking on ground floor, in buildings with architectural plan similar to the analyzed one, soft story would not happen. Furthermore, this case study proves that it is possible to prevent irregularity effects of infills through modifying architectural drawings without fundamental changes in concept, functional and aesthetic aspects. For modifying architectural drawings an algorithm is proposed in this research.
The Influence of Water Matrix On The Separation of Bisphenol A With Low And High Pressure Driven Membrane Techniques
Authors: DUDZIAK Mariusz , BURDZIK-NIEMIEC Edyta 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The unrestricted access to clean and inexpensive water is perceived as one of the most basic humanitarian objectives; however, it still remains a challenge in 21st century due to many factors such as constantly increasing pollution of surface water. One of the remedies for this situation might be so called in-depth municipal waste water treatment. The objective of this paper was to examine the efficacy of the pressure-driven membrane filtration (ultra- and nanofiltration) to remove bisphenol A from a variety of environmental matrices including real effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants. The process of pressure-driven membrane filtration was realized through dead-end flow filtration with the use of different commercial membranes. It has been proved that bisphenol A retention coefficient depended both on the process type and the physical and chemical properties of the membrane applied. The type of water matrix was also significant. It has been determined that efficient bisphenol A removal is possible only in the process of nanofiltration. However, in this case the selection of an appropriate membrane is of a great importance because of the physical and chemical parameters that determine both separation properties and the intensity of adverse reactions that accompany pressure-driven filtration processes.
Application of Hierarchical Analysis Method To Design The Structural Partitions With Different Material And Structural Solutions For Window Glazing
Authors: NOWOŚWIAT Artur , LESZCZYŃSKA Monika 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to use AHP method to analyze seven types of windows in terms of cost-effectiveness of their designing in building partitions. The analysis referred to price as well as thermal and acoustic insulation for various construction and material solutions of window glazing. Using the analysis it was verified what windows are profitable to be used for various structural solutions in the existing buildings and how the thermal and acoustic coefficient is shaped at given structural solutions. Currently employed requirements for technical parameters of window and door frames adopted in regulations and standards are firmly tightened, including one saying that, since 1.01.2014 heat transfer coefficient for the window cannot be higher than 1.3 W/(m2K), (Polish requirement) which is why all producers’ offers analyzed in this study have high standard technical features. of course, among them there are better and worse offers, but each of them is sufficient in the light of the provisions and standards. That is why the work uses the price per set of two windows as a decisive and most essential criterion. The employed research method involves selecting windows available on the market with different thermal, acoustic parameters and price, and then using the AHP method the best solution was chosen for a wide variety of structural walls significantly different in heat transfer coefficient. The result of the work is to determine the windows parameters applied for a variety of wall constructions.
Chronopotentiometric Characterization of Electrodialysis Module
Authors: KOTER Stanisław , GÜLER Çağlar , KOTER Izabela 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Classical and chronopotentiometric characterization of the electrodialysis module at the same concentrations of diluate and concentrate was performed. Limiting current was determined from the Cowan-Brown plot, the current efficiency and the mean transport number of counterions – from the concentration changes on the exit of the ED module. The electric resistance was determined from the chronopotentiometric curve. For electric currents higher than the limiting one, the transition time (inflection point) was observed. Thus, having such curves for different values of electric current, the limiting current can be roughly estimated. To estimate a mean counterion transport number from the transition time, an equation, analogous to the Sand equation, should be developed which include both types of membrane.
Prediction of The Chromium (III) Separation From Acidic Salt Solutions On Nanofiltration Membranes Using Donnan And Steric Partitioning Pore (DSP) Model
Authors: KOWALIK-KLIMCZAK Anna , ZALEWSKI Mariusz , GIERYCZ Paweł 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper presents experimental and modelling analysis of the application of nanofiltration for separation of chromium (III) from acidic salt solution. In the studies commercial nanofiltration HL membrane has been used. The experimental results have been interpreted by, based on the extended Nernst-Planck equation, Donnan and Steric Partitioning Pore (DSP) model. The obtained results showed satisfactory agreement between experimental and modelling data for the pressure range 10-24 bar and different concentrations of chloride and sulfate ions. It means that the DSP model may be helpful for the monitoring of nanofiltration applied to treatment of chromium wastewater.
Changes of The Eu And Polish Legislation Concerning Pollution of The Aquatic Environment In 2010–2016
Authors: SMUDA Krystian , DUDZIAK Mariusz 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper discusses the changes to the legislation on pollution of the aquatic environment in 2010–2016, including priority and hazardous substances. Both EU regulations (Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, Directive 2008/105/EC, Directive 2013/39/EU) and Polish (Journal of Laws Ordinance of 2014 Item 1800) were discussed and evaluated. Additionally, an outlook for further changes concerning pollution of the aquatic environment is given.
The Use of High Moisture Sewage Sludge In The Chp Unit Integrated With Biomass Drying And Gasification
Authors: UCHMAN Wojciech , JOB Marcin , SKOREK-OSIKOWSKA Anna 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the evaluation of the possibility of the use of a biomass with high moisture content in a cogeneration plant with gas piston engine. The dried sewage sludge-derived syngas is used as a fuel. Sewage sludge are characterized by about 70 wt% of moisture content after the dewatering process. The drying process which is applied as the next step requires great amount of energy. For this reason the thermal integration of the drying process with a piston engine which produce a significant amount of waste heat is proposed. The legal situation of the sewage sludge treatment is briefly explained. The thermodynamic analysis of the cogeneration plant based on the gas piston engine integrated with drying and gasification units was conducted. The models of individual components of the system were developed using Engineering Equation Solver and MS Excel software. The maximum moisture of the fuel acceptable for the autonomic operation of the plant is calculated. The influence of the plant’s scale for the acceptable moisture content in the biomass is studied. The analyzes revealed, that the waste heat from the engine is not sufficient for the drying unit. The operation of cogeneration plant requires an additional source of energy or drying the sewage sludge in an independent installation to moisture content about 50-55%.
Daylighting In Sustainable Interior Design of Offices
Authors: CELADYN Magdalena 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The paper presents issues concerning realization of paradigm of sustainable design in the achitectural design of offices. Special attention is given to relevant technical, formal and functional solutions, being the domain of interior architects creating the built environments of adequate indoor quality with substantial reduction of negative impact on natural environment. Presented sustainable architectural interiors, completed in the last decade, have gained cerificates established by independent scientific institutions, assuring their accordance with exigencies of rating systems. The paper analyzes the formal methods of proper space planning, which assure high indoor environment quality parameters for the end users of office interiors in terms of optimum daylighyting of workstations and recreational areas as well as workers’ visual contact with natural valuable surroundings. These requirements can be satisfactorily met by properly shaped inner space elements including partitions, ceilings, space-dividing structures as well as rational and effective use of finishing and building materials. Technical and technological devices incorporated into the inner space mentioned in the paper are supposed to be essential complement of these design methods assuring proper daylight transmission and distribution in workspaces. Discussed examples indicate the necessity of collaboration of interior architects with other professionals and consultants (i.e. green building accredited consultants), whose design contributions should be accepted and respected. Integrated interior design process assured fulfilment of imperatives for sustainable architectural design of interiors.
Senior Cohousing In Cross-Cutting Research
Authors: LABUS Agnieszka 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper concerns the issues of senior cohousing with a particular emphasis on the residents’ gender. Senior cohousing is an alternative way of living for older people in the 21th century. It is referred to as a community or cooperative, which is created by people aged 50+, who have already retired and those professionally active, who, for various reasons, want to live with people with similar views and co-decide about what their living environment looks like. Literature review shows the slight scope of the conducted studies on senior cohousing, in particular with regard to gender. The research methodology in this paper is based on the literature analysis, review of the current literature and own experiences from the participation in a workshops about cohousing, as well as experiences from the study visits in cohousing groups in the US and UK. The author of this paper has used the historical-interpretative method in the conducted studies, what resulted in the identification of the gender and age “lens” over the years in senior cohousing. This knowledge can be used in the future as the base to carry out the empirical research on concrete examples of the cohousing building.
Analysis of Oscillatory Motion of Sin Girders With Semirigid Joints
Authors: BASIŃSKI Witold 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
n girders with corrugated web, semirigid joints alter damping and vibrational frequency, which indirectly produces a change in the integrated stiffness of girders K, thus diversifying the magnitude of displacement amplitudes of forced vibration [4, 5, 6]. On the basis of investigations relying on the method of vibration measurements, rotational stiffness of semirigid end-plate connections was determined [2, 3]. Using two viscoelastic material models, namely the Voigt–Kelvin and the Hook–Voigt–Kelvin ones, an analysis of oscillatory motion of the eight SIN WTA 500/300×15 girders with semirigid joints at the midspan of concern was made. The pattern of displacement amplitude of forced vibration was analysed. The effect of variation in rotational stiffness of connections Sj on integrated stiffness of girders K and on damping was shown.
Analysis of Selected Methods Used For The Reverberation Time Estimation
Authors: OLECHOWSKA Marcelina , ŚLUSAREK Jan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a comparison of the reverberation time of two boxed rooms considered in two variants. The purpose of the paper is the comparison of the reverberation time measurements results with the results obtained of the available equations and simulation in the ODEON software. The differences between the applicable models and computer simulation and measurement were analyzed. The determined values of the residual analysis were used to develop the rules for granting points to formulas or acoustic simulation. On this basis the choice of the best formula or acoustic simulation for a given octave frequency compared with the measured value was made.
Displacements of Cable-Stayed Bridge Measured With The Use of Traditional And Modern Techniques
Authors: SALAMAK Marek , OWERKO Tomasz , ŁAZIŃSKI Piotr 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The paper describes an experiment involving a comparison of a few selected techniques for measuring the displacements of points on the span and pylon of the large cable-stayed bridge. It presents the measuring equipment and the process of static and dynamic tests. The results obtained from several measuring methods including the interferometric radar were compared and summarised. The experiment showed that in the case of large bridges, like tested cable-stayed structure, the best method is non-contact measurements like interferometric radar which is the least sensitive to the distance from a target. It allows the use of higher sampling frequency and at the same time requires relatively little preparation work.
Diffusion And Osmosis In Potassium Nitrate Synthesis By Electrodialysis Metathesis
Authors: JAROSZEK Hanna , DYDO Piotr 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The experimental results of the chosen salts permeation with selected heterogeneous and homogenous membranes were analysed as a part of modelling of mass transport in electrodialysis metathesis process (ED-M) for synthesis of KNO3. Heterogeneous membranes swelled more in aqueous solutions and they had higher water uptake than homogeneous membranes. Heterogeneous membranes were also more permeable for both the solute and the solvent, which was attributed to higher solubility of salts in heterogeneous membrane’s material. Diffusion coefficients in ion-exchange membranes tested in this study were found to be dependent on concentration of the upstream solution, with an exception of Ca2+ in anion-exchange membranes and NO3- in cation-exchange membranes. The role of osmosis in water transport in ED-M process was found negligible.
Organizing Of Historical And Inactive Urban Cemeteries To Become Tourist Attractions (Case Study: Zahir-Od-Dowleh Cemetery In Tehran)
Authors: Okhovat Hanie 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper is an applied research and the data analysis has been conducted using qualitative and quantitative method. The approach of the study is criticism of forgetting the urban cemetery of Zahir-od-dowleh in north of Tehran aiming at revival of this cultural-historical complex. Therefore, we start the study with a survey on the way of identity revival of the main cemeteries in other countries and changing them to tourism centers. The study will be continued by a texture analysis and using SWOT strategic model. Finally, we will use an organizing approach to change the cemetery into a cultural-historical tourism complex. In this regard, the author has proposed a framework containing seven promotion and organizing goals, including promotion of natural, socio-cultural, economic, management, access, physic-spatial and strategic services, and policy making structures.
Innovative Systems Of Corrugated Shells Rationalizing The Design And Erection Processes For Free Building Forms
Authors: Prokopska Aleksandra , Abramczyk Jacek 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
An innovative method of shaping free architectural forms of buildings and their morphological systems roofed with complex shells made up of folded steel sheets transformed from plane into shell shapes is presented. An interdisciplinary character of the paper results from the diversity and complexity of the considered issues. Complex morphological systems of the buildings formed of integrated multi-segment shell roofs and plane-walled elevations are achieved with the help of the geometrical method. The method demands to create a spatial parametric network composed of many complete tetrahedral compositions so that an architectural form could be consistent, attractive and easily adapted to various boundary conditions including environmental conditions. The net and the algorithm of the method enable rationalizing the design and erection processes. The systems proposed may provide the aesthetic and comfort of the developed built environment. The complexity of the geometrical forms of the buildings and the shape changes of the roof sheets transformed into shell shapes require elaborating complex mathematic formulae and innovative computer programs aiding the process of shaping the free forms.
Use Of Casing Soil From Spent Mushroom Compost For Energy Recovery Purposes In Poland
Authors: Czop Monika , PikoŃ Krzysztof 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Use of spent mushroom substrate (SMC) for energy production appears as a response to the problem with the utilization of this waste throughout the whole year. In the Polish national energy supply system, which is based mainly on hard coal and lignite, use of biomass may contribute to limiting CO2 emissions. The work presents a comparative analysis of the unit emission of CO2, CO, SO2, NOx and particle matter referred to the unit of energy produced from the referenced hard coal, spent mushroom substrate and their mixture prepared for the process of co-combustion. The results from the performed tests proved that the SMC used for the cultivation of mushroom can be called “an ecologic energy carrier” as the CO and CO2 emission indexes are lower than the same indexes for the referenced coal.