bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Intermittent Pringle Maneuver Increase Postoperative Complications After Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Kit Fai , Wong John , Cheung Sunny Y. S. , Chong Charing C. N. , Hui Joyce W. Y. , Leung Vivian Y. F. , Yu Simon C. H. , Lai Paul B. S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn a previous study, we have shown that intermittent Pringle maneuver (IPM) might increase postoperative complications after hepatectomy for various indications. Complications which thought to be related to IPM were ascites, pleural effusion, wound infection and intra‐abdominal collection. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that applying IPM during hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could increase postoperative complications.MethodsBetween January 2013 and October 2016, eligible patients who received elective open hepatectomy for HCC were randomized to have IPM or no Pringle maneuver (NPM). Occurrence of various types of postoperative complications was specifically looked for. A routine postoperative day 5 abdominal ultrasound examination and chest X‐ray were done to detect and grade any radiological ascites, pleural effusion and intra‐abdominal collection.ResultsFifty IPM and 50 NPM patients with histological proven HCC were recruited for final analysis. Demographics and operative parameters were comparable between the two groups. The postoperative complication rates were similar (IPM 36.0 vs. NPM 28.0%, P = 0.391). However, in the IPM group, more patients developed radiological posthepatectomy ascites (42.0 vs. 22.0%, P = 0.032) and pleural effusion (66.0 vs. 38.0%, P = 0.005). In patients with histologically proven cirrhosis, there were 28 IPM and 25 NPM patients. Again, there was no difference in postoperative complication rate but more radiological posthepatectomy ascites and pleural effusion in the IPM group.ConclusionThis trial was not able to detect a difference in postoperative complications whether IPM was applied or not, but use of IPM was associated with more subclinical ascites and pleural effusion. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01759901).Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov NCT01759901.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in retinoic acid‐induced spina bifida aperta in rat fetuses
Authors: Xue Jia , Gu Hui , Liu Dan , Ma Wei , Wei Xiaowei , Zhao Lianshuai , Liu Yusi , Zhang Chaonan , Yuan Zhengwei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNeural tube defects (NTDs) are the most common and severe congenital malformations, which result from failure of the neural tube to close during embryonic development. The etiology of NTDs is complex, caused by interactions between genetic defects and environmental factors, but the exact mechanisms of this disease are still not fully understood. We herein employ a Seahorse Bioscience microplate‐based extracellular flux (XF) analyzer to determine mitochondrial function and quantify respiratory coupling to various bioenergetic functions using specific pharmacological inhibitors of bioenergetic pathways. We demonstrate that changes in coupling between ATP turnover and proton leak are correlated with NTDs. Further, we determined that the ATP content and oxidative stress levels in posterior spinal cords of rat embryos with NTDs between E11 and E14 was lower than that of normal controls. The present study reveals that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with all‐trans retinoic acid (atRA)‐induced NTDs in rat embryos. Oxidative stress results from decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. This study provides a novel viewpoint for exploring the embryonic pathogenesis of atRA‐induced NTDs.
Gender‐specific desensitization of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors after maternal l‐glutamate intake during lactation
Authors: López‐Zapata Antonio , León‐Navarro David Agustín , Crespo María , Martín Mairena 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the present work we have studied the effect of maternal intake of l‐Glutamate (l‐Glu) (1 g/L) during lactation on group I mGluR transduction pathway in brain plasma membrane from 15 days‐old neonates. Results obtained have shown that maternal l‐glutamate intake did not significantly affect neither weights of pups nor negative geotaxis reflex, an index of neurobehavioral development, but increased l‐Glu plasma level in both male and female neonates. In male neonates, maternal l‐Glu intake evoked a loss of mGluR1 whereas no variation on mGluR5 was observed as revealed by Western‐blotting assay. The loss of mGlu1R was accompanied by a decrease on l‐Glu‐stimulated phospholipase C activity suggesting, therefore, a loss of group I mGluR functionality. Concerning female neonates, no variations were detected neither mGluR1 nor mGluR5 and group I mGluR functionality was also preserved.
The ketogenic diet in disease and development
Authors: Barry Denis , Ellul Sarah , Watters Lindsey , Lee David , Haluska Robert , White Robin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe ketogenic diet, low in carbohydrates and high in fat, was initially designed to reduce seizure onset in epilepsy. More recent evidence has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of movement and psychological disorders, and in general health maintenance. The cellular significance of ketone body metabolism during development and in the adult central nervous system is being revealed; however, the effects of replacing glucose with ketone bodies as the brain's primary energy source especially in pregnancy are not fully understood. In this mini‐review, we highlight key findings related to the functional consequences of ketone body metabolism and monocarboxylic transporter expression throughout development and adulthood. We outline the therapeutic relevance of ketone bodies, and place a spotlight on the known effects of a maternal ketogenic diet on the developing brain.
TheJus ad Bellum’s Regulatory Form
Authors: Hakimi Monica 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article argues that a form of legal regulation is embodied in decisions at the UN Security Council that condone but do not formally authorize specific military operations. Such decisions sometimes inflect or go beyond what thejus ad bellumpermits through its general standards—that is, under the prohibition of cross-border force and small handful of exceptions. Recognizing that this form of regulation is both part of the law and different in kind from regulation through the general standards should change how we think about thejus ad bellum.
AGGREGATION OF DEPENDENT RISKS IN MIXTURES OF EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTIONS AND EXTENSIONS
Authors: Sarabia José María , Gómez-Déniz Emilio , Prieto Faustino , Jordá Vanesa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe distribution of the sum of dependent risks is a crucial aspect in actuarial sciences, risk management and in many branches of applied probability. In this paper, we obtain analytic expressions for the probability density function (pdf) and the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of aggregated risks, modelled according to a mixture of exponential distributions. We first review the properties of the multivariate mixture of exponential distributions, to then obtain the analytical formulation for the pdf and the cdf for the aggregated distribution. We study in detail some specific families with Pareto (Sarabiaet al., 2016), gamma, Weibull and inverse Gaussian mixture of exponentials (Whitmore and Lee, 1991) claims. We also discuss briefly the computation of risk measures, formulas for the ruin probability (Albrecheret al., 2011) and the collective risk model. An extension of the basic model based on mixtures of gamma distributions is proposed, which is one of the suggested directions for future research.
A GENERALIZED LOSS RATIO METHOD DEALING WITH UNCERTAIN VOLUME MEASURES
Authors: Riegel Ulrich 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnlike chain ladder, the loss ratio method requires volume measures. Typically, these volumes are assumed to be known. In practice, however, accurate volume measures are rarely available. We interpret the available volumes as estimators for the true volume measures and analyze the consequences for the loss ratio method. In particular, we calculate the mean squared error of prediction, including uncertainty of volume measures, and derive approximately optimal weights for the observed incremental loss ratios. We then introduce a generalization of the loss ratio method that is tailored to the situation of uncertain volume measures and calculate the prediction uncertainty of this generalized loss ratio method.
Development of phonetic complexity in Arabic, Berber, English and French
Authors: Gayraud Frédérique , Barkat-Defradas Melissa , Lahrouchi Mohamed , Ben Hamed Mahé 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe goal of this study is to provide crosslinguistic data on the acquisition of phonetic complexity among children acquiring four different languages: Tunisian Arabic, Tashlhiyt Berber, English, and French. Using an adaptation of Jakielski's (2000) Index of Phonetic Complexity (IPC), we carried out an analysis to assess phonetic complexity of children's early vocabulary in the four languages. Four different samples from each language were analyzed: 50 words selected from an adult dictionary of each language, 50 words from child-directed speech, 50 words targeted by the child, and the child's actual pronunciations of those 50 words. Globally, we hypothesized that children's early productions would be shaped by universal articulatory constraints, but also by the language they are exposed to, depending on its phonological complexity. Our findings show that Arabic displays higher degrees of complexity compared to Berber, English and French, and that children acquiring Arabic target and produce more complex words than children learning Berber, English and French.
United Nations Charter, Chapter VII, Article 43: Now or Never
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTFor more than 75 years, the United Nations Charter has functioned without the benefit of Chapter VII, Article 43, which commits all United Nations member states “to make available to the Security Council, on its call, armed forces, assistance, facilities, including rights of passage necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.” The consequences imposed by this 1945 decision have had a dramatic negative impact on the United Nation’s functional capacity as a global body for peace and security. This article summarizes the struggle to implement Article 43 over the decades from the onset of the Cold War, through diplomatic attempts during the post–Cold War era, to current and often controversial attempts to provide some semblance of conflict containment through peace enforcement missions. The rapid growth of globalization and the capability of many nations to provide democratic protections to their populations are again threatened by superpower hegemony and the development of novel unconventional global threats. The survival of the United Nations requires many long overdue organizational structure and governance power reforms, including implementation of a robust United Nations Standing Task Force under Article 43. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;13:655–662)
LD-pumped gas-cooled multislab Nd:glass laser amplification to joule level
Authors: Huang Wenfa , Wang Jiangfeng , Lu Xinghua , Huang Tingrui , Guo Jiangtao , Fan Wei , Li Xuechun 
Published: April 2018

We demonstrate a laser diode end-pumped helium gas-cooled multislab Nd:glass laser amplifier. The design and thermal management of the proposed laser amplifier are discussed. The thermally induced wavefront aberration of the slabs was also measured and compared with simulation results. A small-signal single-pass longitudinal gain of 1.8 was measured with a pump energy of 7.3 J. With an injected seed energy of 0.6 mJ, the output energy from the amplifier reached 0.5 J at 0.2 Hz and 0.43 J at 0.5 Hz in a multipass extraction geometry, thus demonstrating the feasibility of diode-pumped, high-energy lasers with direct gas cooling.
Learning behaviors as a linkage between organization-based self-esteem and in-role performance
Authors: Hahn Huh-Jung , Mathews Melissa A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractResearch indicates that there is a positive relationship between organization-based self-esteem and in-role performance. The intervening process that creates this relationship, however, has not been investigated. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine employee learning behavior as a process between organization-based self-esteem and in-role performance. Additionally, this study examines perceived delegation as a boundary condition of a positive relationship between two variables. The sample size consisted of 293 employees from a Korean company, and the study findings revealed that employees’ learning behaviors mediate the relationship between organization-based self-esteem and in-role performance. Further, perceived delegation moderated the strength of the mediated relationship. Therefore, this study provides implications for how human resource practitioners and their organizations could support volitional learning behaviors through formal training, development-focused performance feedback, and the creation of new work experiences and learning opportunities.
Batocrinidae (Crinoidea) from the Lower Mississippian (lower Viséan) Fort Payne Formation of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama: systematics, geographic occurrences, and facies distribution
Authors: Ausich William I. , Rhenberg Elizabeth C. , Meyer David L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Batocrinidae are characteristic faunal elements in Lower Mississippian shallow-marine settings in North America. Recent delineation of objectively defined genera allows a reexamination of batocrinid species and their distribution in the Fort Payne Formation (early Viséan, late Osagean), a well-studied array of carbonate and siliciclastic facies. The Fort Payne batocrinid fauna has 14 species assigned to six genera, plus hybrid specimens.Magnuscrinus spinosus(Miller and Gurley, 1895a) is reassigned to its original placement inEretmocrinus. Hybrid specimens (Ausich and Meyer, 1994) are regarded asEretmocrinus magnificus×Eretmocrinus spinosus.Macrocrinus casualisis the dominant species ofMacrocrinusin the Fort Payne, andM.mundulusandM.strotobasilarisare recognized in the Fort Payne Formation for the first time.Magnuscrinus cumberlandensisn. sp. is named, 13 species are designated as junior synonyms, the name for the hybrid specimens is changed toEretmocrinus magnificus×Eretmocrinus spinosus, and the previous occurrences of two species in the Fort Payne are rejected. The Eastern Interior Seaway was a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic setting with both shallow- and deep-water epicontinental sea facies ranging from relatively shallow autochthonous green shales to deep-water turbidite facies.Dizygocrinuswas restricted to shallow-water carbonate and siliciclastic facies,Eutrochocrinuswas restricted to shallow-water carbonate facies, andMagnuscrinuswas restricted to deep-water facies. Species distributions varied fromAbatocrinus steropes,Alloprosallocrinus conicus,Macrocrinus mundulus, andUperocrinus nashvillae, which occurred throughout the Eastern Interior Seaway, to species that were restricted to a single facies.Eretmocrinus magnificus,Alloprosallocrinus conicus, andUperocrinus robustuswere the dominant batocrinids in the Fort Payne Formation.UUID:http://zoobank.org/703aafd8-4c73-4edc-9870-e2356e2d28b8
Evaluation of a Botanical Extract that Mimics the Respiratory Cues of Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Rose Jed E. , Willette Perry N. , Loeback Tanaia H. , Botts David R. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Cigarette addiction results from both pharmacological effects of nicotine and the rewarding effects of associated cues, including respiratory tract sensations.Aims: This study sought to evaluate the initial acceptability of a non-nicotine botanical formulation that provided similar respiratory tract cues.Methods: Two active test products and matching placebos were evaluated. One test product, an e-cigarette-like device, delivered a visible aerosol upon puffing; the other test product delivered an invisible vapour at ambient temperature. Test products delivered a botanical extract with flavourings and vehicle; the placebos delivered flavourings and vehicle only. Sixteen participants had 3-h ad libitum access to each test product and associated placebos, and were deprived of combustible cigarettes for 1 h before and throughout the 3-h evaluation period. Subjects rated the satisfaction (primary outcome) and other sensory qualities of the products. Safety evaluations included pulmonary function testing and monitoring vital signs.Results: Satisfaction ratings (seven-point scale) were significantly greater for the active e-cigarette-like condition; M = 3.18, SD = 1.04 versus M = 2.69, SD = 1.22. Safety evaluations showed no clinically significant changes.Conclusions: The results support the potential acceptability of a non-nicotine cigarette substitute in providing satisfaction to smokers. This approach merits further evaluation for safety and acceptability in tobacco harm reduction and cessation.
The effects of direction and orientation of located objects on spatial language comprehension
Authors: BURIGO MICHELE , SCHULTHEIS HOLGER 
Published: April 2018

abstractSpatial descriptions such as “The spider isbehindthe bee” inform the listener about the location of the spider (the located object) in relation to an object whose location is known (i.e., the bee, also called the reference object). If the geometric properties of the reference object have been shown to affect how people use and understand spatial language (Carlson & Van Deman, 2008; Carlson-Radvansky & Irwin, 1994), the geometric features carried by the located object have been deemed irrelevant for spatial language (Landau, 1996; Talmy, 1983). This view on the (ir)relevance of the located object has been recently questioned by works showing that presenting the located object in misalignment with the reference object has consequences for spatial language understanding (Burigo, Coventry, Cangelosi, & Lynott, 2016; Burigo & Sacchi, 2013). In the reported study we aimed to investigate which geometric properties of the located object affect the apprehension of a spatial description, and to disentangle whether the information concerning its orientation (axis), direction (front/rear), or a combination of the two gives rise to conflict. The outcomes of three placing tasks suggest that only the information concerning the direction of the located object is critical for spatial language use.
New Dates for the Solutrean and Magdalenian of Cantabrian Spain: El Miron and La Riera Caves
Authors: Straus Lawrence G , González Morales Manuel R 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThis sixth date list for the prehistoric site of El Mirón Cave (Cantabria, Spain) reports on new age determinations for the earliest and last Solutrean occupations (20.4 and 18.0 14C kyr BP) and for a Lower/Initial Magdalenian level with a possible rock wall (16.75 14C kyr BP). The site has now been dated by 92 radiocarbon (14C) assays. In addition, to help resolve inconsistencies in the 14C chronology of La Riera Cave (Asturias)—the first Paleolithic site in Spain to be extensively 14C-dated back in the 1970s—two AMS assays were done on bones from the Lower and Upper Magdalenian collections (15.1 and 13.5 14C kyr BP).
Concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D from neonatal dried blood spots and the relation to gestational age, birth weight and Ponderal Index: the D-tect study
Authors: Keller Amélie , Händel Mina N. , Frederiksen Peder , Jacobsen Ramune , Cohen Arieh S. , McGrath John J. , Heitmann Berit L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStudies have suggested that vitamin D status at birth may be associated with a range of neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the association between neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25(OH)D3) concentration and gestational age, birth weight, Ponderal Index and size for gestational age. Neonatal capillary blood stored as dried blood spots was used to assess 25(OH)D3concentrations among 2686 subjects selected from a random population sub-sample of individuals, born in Denmark from 1 May 1981 to 31 December 2002. There was an inverse association between 25(OH)D3concentration and gestational age at birth of −0·006 (95 % CI −0·009, −0·003,P<0·001) weeks of gestation per 1 nmol/l increase in 25(OH)D3concentration. An inverted U-shaped association between 25(OH)D3and birth weight and Ponderal Index (P=0·04) was found, but no association with size for gestational age was shown. This study suggests that neonatal 25(OH)D3concentration is associated with anthropometric measures at birth known to be correlated with many subsequent health outcomes such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Re-evaluation of endogenous development ofEimeria bareillyiGill, Chhabra and Lall, 1963 in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Dubey J. P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWater buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is important for the economy of Asia, South America and parts of Europe. Coccidiosis is an important cause of neonatal mortality in livestock, including buffalo. Of more than 12 species ofEimeriain buffalo,Eimeria bareillyiis the most pathogenic. There are uncertainties concerning its asexual and sexual development. During a previously reported outbreak of fatal enteritis associated withE. bareillyiin buffaloes in the Netherlands, sections of small intestine were re-evaluated histologically and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to seek details of endogenous development. Profuse asexual multiplication occurred in the jejunum and ileum. Light microscopic examination revealed that parasites divided in two (probably endodyogeny) or more organisms. There were two or more generations of morphologically different merozoites; some of these observations were confirmed by TEM. Details of gametogonic development, including oocyst wall formation are provided. Schizogonic and gametogonic development described in the present study can serve as a guide for differential diagnosis ofEimeriaspecies in histological sections of intestines of buffaloes.
Empirical evidence for discrete neurocognitive subgroups in patients with non-psychotic major depressive disorder: clinical implications
Authors: Pu Shenghong , Noda Takamasa , Setoyama Shiori , Nakagome Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychological deficits are present across various cognitive domains in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, a consistent and specific profile of neuropsychological abnormalities has not yet been established.MethodsWe assessed cognition in 170 patients with non-psychotic MDD using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia and the scores were compared with those of 42 patients with schizophrenia as a reference for severity of cognitive impairment. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to determine whether there are discrete neurocognitive subgroups in MDD. We then compared the subgroups in terms of several clinical factors and social functioning.ResultsThree distinct neurocognitive subgroups were found: (1) a mild impairment subgroup with near-normative performance and mild dysfunction in motor speed; (2) a selective impairment subgroup, which exhibited preserved working memory and executive function, but moderate to severe deficits in verbal memory, motor speed, verbal fluency, and attention/information processing speed; and (3) a global impairment subgroup with moderate to severe deficits across all neurocognitive domains, comparable with deficits in schizophrenia. The global impairment subgroup was characterized by lower pre-morbid intelligence quotient (IQ). Moreover, a significant difference between groups was observed in premorbid IQ (p= 0.003), antidepressant dose (p= 0.043), antipsychotic dose (p= 0.013), or anxiolytic dose (p< 0.001).ConclusionsThese results suggest the presence of multiple neurocognitive subgroups in non-psychotic MDD with unique profiles, one of which exhibits deficits comparable to those of schizophrenia. The results of the present study may help guide future efforts to target these disabling symptoms using different treatments.