bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease spectrum analysis of hospitalized children in China: A study of 18 tertiary children's hospitals
Authors: Feng Guoshuang , Zeng Yueping , Tian Jian , Wang Xinyu , Tai Jun , Song Fei , Zhang Xin , Xu Xin , Chen Jun , Shi Tieliu , Ni Xin ,   Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development (FRCPD)
Published: September 2019

AbstractImportanceMorbidity and mortality of children are important indicators of the performance of the public health system in any country. In China, the children's disease spectrum has gradually changed in recent years. However, the gender‐ and age‐specific disease spectrum for hospitalized children under 15 years old is still unclear.ObjectiveTo explore the gender‐ and age‐based distribution of diseases in hospitalized children under 15 years in China.MethodsMedical records home page data for 2016 to 2018 were collected from 18 tertiary children's hospitals in China. The gender‐ and age‐specific disease spectrum was analyzed, using the tenth revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD‐10).ResultsThe most common diseases were those of the respiratory system (25.7% of all 2 232 142 hospitalized children). The top three diseases for boys were diseases of the respiratory system (25.6%), diseases of the digestive system (11.4%) and certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (8.6%). The top three diseases for girls were diseases of the respiratory system (25.9%), certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (10.1%), and factors influencing health status and contact with health services (9.4%). The most common diseases for children under 1 year old were certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (38.1%). For all other age groups, the most common conditions were respiratory diseases (33.8% for those aged 1–3 years, 25.2% for those aged 4–6 years, and 12.2% for those aged 7–14 years).InterpretationThis study analyzed the medical records home pages of 18 children's hospitals to provide the first overview of the disease spectrum and its gender‐ and age‐specific distribution among children in China.
Foreign body ingestion in an infant: A high index of suspicion is required
Authors: Mohamad Ishak Luqman Afiq , Khor Kee Guan , Tan Shi Nee 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of foreign body ingestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract accounts for 75%–85% of foreign body ingestions in pediatric patients.Case presentationAn 8‐month old boy presented with vomiting and was referred to the otorhinolaryngology team based on his mother's suspicion that her child might have ingested a foreign body. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed a phone screen protector at the vallecular region. The foreign body was removed in the operating theatre.ConclusionForeign body ingestion should always be suspected in young patients. Consideration of the patient's symptoms, level of lodgement, and type of foreign body will determine whether immediate intervention or a conservative approach is warranted.
Anesthetic management in a 1‐year‐old child undergoing removal of a large metal tracheobronchial foreign body
Authors: Ren Yi , Zhang Jianmin , Xin Zhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionPediatric tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration can be a life‐threatening emergency, especially in young children because of their decreased respiratory reserve and smaller‐diameter airways.Case presentationWe herein present a case in which a 1‐year‐old female child aspirated a 9‐cm long metal chain into the lower trachea and right main bronchus. The chain was removed via low tracheotomy and rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. An intravenous anesthetic alone with a muscle relaxant was used to ensure an immobile airway during surgery instead of the more commonly used inhalation anesthetics with spontaneous ventilation.ConclusionThe case re‐affirms that the removal of some large and irregular airway foreign bodies is a challenging procedure that requires a proper anesthetic plan and coordination with surgeons.
Clinical outcomes for cystic fibrosis patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa cross‐infections
Authors: Milczewska Justyna , Wołkowicz Tomasz , Zacharczuk Katarzyna , Mierzejewska Ewa , Kwiatkowska Monika , Walicka‐Serzysko Katarzyna , Sands Dorota 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionPseudomonas aeruginosa cross‐infections are related to increased morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF).ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of cross‐infections with P. aeruginosa in children with CF.MethodologyCF patients from whom at least one P. aeruginosa strain had been isolated were included in the study. The strain genotyping was performed using pulse‐field gel electrophoresis. The history of contacts between patients was established based on questionnaires.ResultsThe study group consisted of 75 patients (aged 1.0‐19.2 years) and the material included 170 P. aeruginosa strains. Cross‐infections occurred in a group of 26 patients. In this group, the risk of the predicted occurrence of forced expiratory volume in 1 second ≤ 70% was five times greater and the risk of longer cumulative hospitalization time for intravenous antibiotic therapy (>14 days/year) was almost five times greater. In the clonal groups of strains, the multidrug‐resistance rate was significantly higher than in other groups. In 2011, all tested strains were susceptible to colistin, whereas in 2012, three strains from the largest clonal group showed high levels of resistance to colistin.ConclusionCross‐infections with P. aeruginosa occurred in our group of patients and were associated with poor clinical outcomes. Antimicrobial resistance rate in the strains isolated from such infections was significantly higher, and this included three strains resistant to colistin.
Cooperative digital magnetic‐elevation maps by small autonomous aerial robots
Authors: Azpúrua Héctor , Potje Guilherme A. , Rezeck Paulo A. F. , Freitas Gustavo M. , Uzeda Garcia Luis G. , Nascimento Erickson R. , Macharet Douglas G. , Campos Mario F. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of the steps to provide fundamental data for planning a mining effort is the magnetic surveying of a target area, which is typically carried out by conventional aircraft campaigns. However, besides the high cost, fixed‐wing aerial vehicles present shortcomings especially for drape flights on mountainous regions, where steep slopes are often present. Traditional human‐crewed flights have to perform tedious and dangerous trajectories, under strict velocity and attitude constraints. In this paper, we deal with the problem of accomplishing digital magnetic‐elevation maps using autonomous and cooperative aerial robots. The proposed approach for autonomous mapping utilizes a custom‐built fluxgate sensor and off the shelf cameras adapted for small airborne platforms. We also propose an innovative approach for generating a digital magnetic‐elevation model from the gathered data. Our method was evaluated and validated in field tests in an industrial scenario to detect scrap metals in ore piles. Results show that the proposed method could reliably detect magnetic anomalies while generating accurate three‐dimensional magnetic maps.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Study of Ferrocenium Ion Incorporated Lacunary Keggin Hybrid Material
Authors: Guru Sruthi , Ranga Rao G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the present work, we report the synthesis of inorganic‐organic hybrid material of molecular formula
abbreviated as TBAFcPW11. This hybrid material has large surface area (142 m2 g−1) and shows photocatalytic activity due to the synergistic effect of photoexcitation property of polyoxometalate cluster and Fe2+/Fe3+ redox pair. It is a floating hybrid photocatalytic material capable of remediating organic pollutants, rhodamine B and p‐nitrophenol. Optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation and extent of mineralization have been established by varying the reaction conditions and mineralization studies.
Improved Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Electrochemical Characterization of Unusual Zwitterionic Palladium Compounds with a Ten‐Term Coordinative Ring.
Authors: Scattolin Thomas , Moro Giulia , Rizzolio Flavio , Santo Claudio , Moretto Ligia Maria , Visentin. Fabiano 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new improved synthetic protocol for the preparation of uncommon zwitterionic palladium(II) complexes with a ten‐term coordinative ring is reported. A suitable combination of reaction solvent and temperature allows to drastically reduce the reaction time and increase the yield. A detailed kinetic study, implemented by theoretical DFT calculations, clarifies and quantifies this solvent effect. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized complexes was tested toward eight different cancer cell lines. The mesityl derivative showed potent and selective cytotoxicity toward several types of cancer cell lines, with IC50 values lower than cisplatin. Additionaly, the anticancer activity against cisplatin‐sensitive and cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cells suggested a different mechanism of action with respect to traditional platinum chemotherapeutics. Aiming to easily determine these promising metallo‐drugs, a voltammetric study of their electrochemical fingerprint was carried out. For both compounds a suitable signal, ascribed to the reduction of the metallic center from palladium(II) to palladium(0), was identified and further investigated by Differential Pulse Voltammetry.
DFT Quantum Chemical Studies on Structural, Nonlinear Optical, Reactivity and Thermodynamic Properties of 4‐Methoxy‐2‐{(E)‐[(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethylimino]methyl}phenol
Authors: Tanak Hasan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe molecular structure of 4‐Methoxy‐2‐{(E)‐[(thiophen‐2‐yl)methylimino]methyl}phenol was optimized using the PBEPBE, B3PW91 and B3LYP methods with the 6–311++G(d,p) basis set and compared to experimental X‐ray data. Density functional computations of the interaction energies, molecular electrostatic potential, and thermodynamic functions have been carried out using the B3LYP method with the 6–311++G(d,p) basis set for the title molecule. The chemical reactivity behaviors of the tautomeric forms of the compound were analyzed at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level. Additionally, the solvent effects have been investigated with the integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model. The dipole moment, first hyperpolarizability and linear polarizability values of the tautomeric forms of the compound were computed using the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) method. The changes of the entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy for the formation reaction of the compound have been predicted in different temperature utilizing the statistical thermodynamical technique.
Rapid and Low‐Temperature Salt‐Templated Production of 2D Metal Oxide/Oxychloride/Hydroxide
Authors: Gu Jianan , Zhang Chao , Du Zhiguo , Yang Shubin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract2D materials have played an important role in electronics, sensors, optics, electrocatalysis, and energy storage. Many methods for the preparation of 2D materials have been explored. It is crucial to develop a high‐yield, rapid, and low‐temperature method to synthesize 2D materials. A general, fast (5 min), and low‐temperature (≈100 °C) salt (CoCl2·6H2O)‐templated method is proposed to prepare series of 2D metal oxides/oxychlorides/hydroxides in large scale, such as MoO3, SnO2, SiO2, BiOCl, Sb4O5Cl2, Zn2Co3(OH)10 2H2O, and ZnCo2O4. The as‐synthesized 2D materials possess an ultrathin feature (2–7 nm) and large aspect ratios. Additionally, these 2D metal oxides/oxychlorides/hydroxides exhibit good electrochemical properties in energy storage (lithium/sodium‐ion batteries) and electrocatalysis (hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction).
An experimental study on the influence of zeolite on changes of pH and alkalinity in anaerobic treatment of compost leachate
Authors: Pirsaheb Meghdad , Hossaini Hiwa , Amini Jila 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith the increase of urbanization, municipal solid waste has also increased. Therefore, the need for solid waste management is also increasing compared with earlier decades. Composting is a good option for the recycling of solid waste; however, it produces leachate, which requires proper treatment systems to prevent environmental degradation. Due to high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations in compost leachate, anaerobic treatment is the best option for handling the effluent, and an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) is one such anaerobic reactor that can be used for its treatment. Because of high ammonia and heavy metal concentrations, as well as the possibility of sludge washout in ABRs, it is important to use proper media, such as zeolite, which can reduce inhibition effects and sludge washout from the reactor. Anaerobic treatment, especially during the methanogenesis phase, is sensitive, and pH and alkalinity are parameters that influence the treatment. Therefore, adjusting these parameters within a normal range is very important to the proper functioning of anaerobic systems. In this study, a pilot‐scale ABR was used, and the last 4 of the 8 ABR compartments were filled with zeolite. The bioreactor was operated at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 3, 4, and 5 days, with zeolite filling ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30%, and influent COD concentrations of 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L). In this study, pH value was 6.43 ± 0.1, 6.96 ± 0.3, and 6.96 ± 0.25 at filling ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. According to the results, in all filling ratios, no significant changes were observed in the pH value when the organic loading rate increased and its amount was within a constant range. Influent alkalinity was equal to 2015 ± 510, 2884 ± 505, and 4154 ± 233 milligrams of calcium carbonate per liter (mg CaCO3/L) at influent COD concentrations of 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 mg/L, respectively, and in effluent, they were 2536 ± 336, 3379 ± 639, and 4377 ± 325 mg CaCO3/L, respectively. The amount of alkalinity in the effluent increased compared with the alkalinity in the influent. The results show that the amount of alkalinity in the influent and effluent was similar, and the alkalinity enhancement was lower when the filling ratio was increased from 10% to 20%, and 20% to 30%. Comparisons of the results from zeolite with and without biofilm showed that, in cases of zeolite with biofilm, the amounts of silica and oxygen decreased and the amount of carbon increased, and it showed the formation of biofilm on the surface of zeolite. In addition, the absence of sodium in the zeolite with the biofilm indicated that sodium was exchanged with ammonium ions. According to the results, zeolite can be used in anaerobic reactors as a medium, and it also reduces fluctuations in pH and alkalinity at different organic loading rates, providing a normal range for anaerobic treatment.
Response surface methodology mediated optimization of Indanthrene Blue RS by a novel isolated bacterial strain Bacillus flexus TS8
Authors: Mohanty Swati Sambita , Kumar Arvind 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe enhanced decolorization and detoxification of Indanthrene Blue RS dye, under aerobic conditions, by a novel isolated anthraquinone‐degrading bacterium, Bacillus flexus TS8, has been presented in this paper. The optimal decolorization conditions were determined by response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design. The results indicated that the strain TS8 possessed the highest decolorization efficacy at pH 10.26, temperature 30.97 ºC and an inoculum size of 10.48% (v/v). It also revealed that about 98.01% of 100 mg/L of Indanthrene Blue RS could be decolorized within 24 hr under these optimized conditions. The subsequent degradation of the dye and the formation of metabolites were studied using analytical techniques such as UV‐Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and ESI/LC‐MS analysis. The UV‐Vis analysis of the colorless bacterial cells demonstrated that Bacillus sp. TS8 possessed this decolorizing activity through biodegradation. The degraded products obtained from ESI/LC‐MS analysis were identified as 1‐hydroxyanthracene‐9, 10‐dione (m/z‐224), 1, 4‐di‐hydroxyanthracene‐9, 10‐dione (m/z‐240), and phthalic acid (m/z‐168). This study investigated the highest decolorization efficacy of strain TS8 to be utilized in the biological treatment of wastewaters containing anthraquinone dyes.Practitioner points

Enhanced decolorization of anthraquinone dye wastewater.

Ninety‐eight percentage of dye decolorization was obtained within 24 hr.

Optimization of process parameters through the response surface methodology.

ESI/LC‐MS analysis identified phthalic acid as the end product of Indanthrene Blue RS degradation.

Degradation pathway for Indanthrene Blue RS is outlined.
European maize landraces made accessible for plant breeding and genome-based studies
Authors: Hölker Armin C. , Mayer Manfred , Presterl Thomas , Bolduan Therese , Bauer Eva , Ordas Bernardo , Brauner Pedro C. , Ouzunova Milena , Melchinger Albrecht E. , Schön Chris-Carolin 
Published: September 2019

Key messageDoubled-haploid libraries from landraces capture native genetic diversity for a multitude of quantitative traits and make it accessible for breeding and genome-based studies.AbstractMaize landraces comprise large allelic diversity. We created doubled-haploid (DH) libraries from three European flint maize landraces and characterized them with respect to their molecular diversity, population structure, trait means, variances, and trait correlations. In total, 899 DH lines were evaluated using high-quality genotypic and multi-environment phenotypic data from up to 11 environments. The DH lines covered 95% of the molecular variation present in 35 landraces of an earlier study and represent the original three landrace populations in an unbiased manner. A comprehensive analysis of the target trait plant development at early growth stages as well as other important agronomic traits revealed large genetic variation for line per se and testcross performance. The majority of the 378 DH lines evaluated as testcrosses outperformed the commercial hybrids for early development. For total biomass yield, we observed a yield gap of 15% between mean testcross yield of the commercial hybrids and mean testcross yield of the DH lines. The DH lines also exhibited genetic variation for undesirable traits like root lodging and tillering, but correlations with target traits early development and yield were low or nonsignificant. The presented diversity atlas is a valuable, publicly available resource for genome-based studies to identify novel trait variation and evaluate the prospects of genomic prediction in landrace-derived material.
New insight into the mechanisms protecting bacteria during desiccation
Authors: Laskowska Ewa , Kuczyńska-Wiśnik Dorota 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Desiccation is a common stress that bacteria face in the natural environment, and thus, they have developed a variety of protective mechanisms to mitigate the damage caused by water loss. The formation of biofilms and the accumulation of trehalose and sporulation are well-known strategies used by bacteria to survive desiccation. Other mechanisms, including intrinsically disordered proteins and the anti-glycation defence, have been mainly studied in eukaryotic cells, and their role in bacteria remains unclear. We have recently shown that the impairment of trehalose synthesis results in higher glucose availability, leading to the accumulation of acetyl phosphate and enhanced protein acetylation, which in turn stimulates protein aggregation. In the absence of trehalose synthesis, excess glucose may stimulate non-enzymatic glycosylation and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) bound to proteins. Therefore, we propose that trehalose may prevent protein damage, not only as a chemical chaperone but also as a metabolite that indirectly counteracts detrimental protein acetylation and glycation.
Diagnosing Coherent Structures in the Convective Boundary Layer by Optimizing Their Vertical Turbulent Scalar Transfer
Authors: Efstathiou Georgios A. , Thuburn John , Beare Robert J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A new method is introduced to identify coherent structures in the convective boundary layer, based on optimizing the vertical scalar flux in a two-fluid representation of turbulent motions as simulated by a large-eddy simulation. The new approach partitions the joint frequency distribution (JFD) of the vertical velocity and a transported scalar into coherent structures (fluid 2) and their environment (fluid 1) by maximizing that part of the scalar flux resolved by the mean properties in fluid 2 and fluid 1. The proposed method does not rely on any a priori criteria for the partitioning of the flow nor any pre-assumptions about the shape of the JFD. Different flavours of the optimization approach are examined based on maximizing either the total (fluid 1 $$+$$+ fluid 2) or the fluid-2 resolved scalar flux, and on whether all possible partitions or only a subset are considered. These options can result in different derived area fractions for the coherent structures. The properties of coherent structures diagnosed by the optimization method are compared to the conditional sampling of a surface-emitted decaying tracer, in which coherent structures are defined as having tracer perturbation greater than some height-dependent threshold. Results show that the optimization method is able to smoothly define coherent thermal structures in both the horizontal and the vertical. Moreover, optimizing the turbulent transfer by the fluid-2 resolved flux produces very similar coherent structures to the tracer threshold method, especially in terms of their area fraction and updraft velocities. Nonetheless, further analysis of the partitioning of the JFD reveals that, even though the area fraction of coherent structures might be similar, their definition can occupy different quadrants of the JFD, implying the contribution of different physical mechanisms to the turbulent transfer in the boundary layer. Finally, the kinematic and thermodynamic characteristics of the coherent structures are examined based on their definition criteria.
Almost‐Maximization as a Behavioral Theory of the Firm: Static, Dynamic and Evolutionary Perspectives
Authors: Dixon Huw 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper we consider the effect of epsilon maximization on firm behavior. In particular we focus on the dynamic behavior of firms with the use of the example of price‐setting: We show how almost-rational firms can be more volatile in their behavior. However, if a lexicographic preference for simplicity is made, then we can explain nominal price rigidity as a result of epsilon optimization. The behavior of the firm—which is consistent with its long‐term survival—is examined. We argue that epsilon-optimization is consistent with survival in any context in which something is optimized: such as sales revenue.