bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological predictors of reproductive performance in the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris): I. Univariate analysis
Authors: Fowler M.A. , Cohen A. , Paquet M. , Williams T.D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCosts of reproduction are assumed to be widespread, and to have a physiological basis, but the mechanisms driving decreased survival and future fecundity remain elusive. Our overall goals were to assess whether physiological variables are related to workload ability or immediate fitness consequences and if they mediate future survival or reproductive success. We investigated individual variation in physiological state at two breeding stages (incubation, chick-rearing) in female European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), for first-and second-broods over two years. Specifically, we measured a suite of 13 physiological traits related to aerobic/metabolic capacity, oxidative stress and muscle damage, intermediary metabolism and energy supply, and immune function. We tested for relationships to traits for workload (e.g. nest visit rate) and fitness (current reproduction, survival and future reproduction).There was little co-variation among the 13 physiological traits, either in incubating or chick-rearing birds. There were some systematic differences in incubation versus chick-rearing physiology. Chick-rearing birds had lower hematocrit and plasma creatine kinase but higher hemoglobin, triglyceride and uric acid levels. Only plasma corticosterone was repeatable between incubation and chick-rearing. We assessed relationships in a univariate manner, and found very few significant relationships between incubation or chick-rearing physiology and measures of workload, current productivity, future fecundity or survival. Variability in ecological context may complicate the relationship between physiology and behavior. Additionally, individuals may regulate different aspects of their physiology independently, making detection of physiological mediators of cost of reproduction difficult. In a companion paper (Cohen et al. submitted) we explore the utility of multivariate analysis (Principal Components Analysis, Mahalanobis distance) of the same data to account for potentially complex physiological integration.
Actomyosin dynamics, Bmp and Notch signaling pathways drive apical extrusion of proepicardial cells
Authors: Andrés-Delgado Laura , Ernst Alexander , Galardi-Castilla María , Bazaga David , Peralta Marina , Münch Juliane , González-Rosa Juan Manuel , Tessadori Federico , Bakkers Jeroen , de la Pompa José Luis , Vermot Julien , Mercader Nadia 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe epicardium, the outer mesothelial layer enclosing the myocardium, plays key roles in heart development and regeneration. During embryogenesis it arises from the proepicardium (PE), a cell cluster that appears in the dorsal pericardium close to the venous pole of the heart. Little is known about how the PE emerges from the pericardial mesothelium. Using the zebrafish model and a combination of genetic tools, pharmacological agents and quantitativein vivoimaging we reveal that a coordinated collective movement of the dorsal pericardium drives PE formation. We found that PE cells are apically extruded in response to actomyosin activity. Our results reveal that the coordinated action of Notch/Bmp pathways is critically needed for apical extrusion of PE cells. More generally, by comparison to cell extrusion for the elimination of unfit cells from epithelia, our results describe a unique mechanism where extruded cell viability is maintained.
Intraspecific variation alters ecosystem and next-generation performance as much as temperature
Authors: Raffard Allan , Cucherousset Julien , Santoul Frédéric , Di Gesu Lucie , Blanchet Simon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhenotypic or genotypic variation within species affects ecological processes, from populations to ecosystems. However, whether the ecological imprint of intraspecific variation is substantial compared to key environmental drivers, and persistent enough to carry over to next generations is still questioned. Here, we experimentally showed that intraspecific variation manipulated in a freshwater fish (the European minnow,Phoxinus phoxinus) led to ecological and transgenerational carry-over effects that were as strong as those of varying temperature by 2°C. Specifically, variation in fish body mass, growth rate and activity altered the size and abundance of prey, which ultimately affected traits and survival of the next fish generation. Temperature variation modulated other ecosystem functions (e.g. litter decomposition) that were also associated to transgenerational carry-over effects. Our results demonstrate that shifting genotypes or phenotypes in wild populations can have substantial and persistent consequences on ecosystems with a similar intensity than climatic variation.
Osmolality controls the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in human macrophages
Authors: Li Youxian , Johnsen Ingvild B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn imbalance between extracellular and intracellular fluid osmolality causes osmotic stress and affects cellular homeostasis. Recent research suggests that osmotic stress is also associated with various innate and adaptive immune responses. Here we present the surprising finding that osmolality tightly controls the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) in human macrophages. CAMP expression is strongly upregulated under hyperosmotic conditions and downregulated under hypoosmotic conditions. We also provide evidence that this osmolality-mediated antimicrobial response is dependent on nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38. Finally, Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation inhibits osmolality-mediated expression of CAMP in human macrophages, suggesting that this osmolality-dependent regulation of CAMP is more relevant under homeostatic conditions, rather than during acute infections. This study expands our knowledge of the regulation of human antimicrobial peptides and highlights osmolality as an important and independent factor shaping host innate immune homeostasis.
Low fidelity assembly of influenza A virus promotes escape from host cells
Authors: Vahey Michael D. , Fletcher Daniel A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInfluenza viruses inhabit a wide range of host environments using a limited repertoire of protein components. Unlike viruses with stereotyped shapes, influenza produces virions with significant morphological variability even within clonal populations. Whether this tendency to form pleiomorphic virions is coupled to compositional heterogeneity and whether it affects replicative fitness remains unclear. Here we address these questions by developing live strains of influenza A virus amenable to rapid compositional characterization through quantitative, site-specific labeling of viral proteins. Using these strains, we find that influenza A produces virions with broad variations in size and composition from even single infected cells. The virus leverages this phenotypic variability to survive environmental challenges including temperature changes and anti-virals. Complimenting genetic adaptations that act over larger populations and longer times, this ‘low fidelity’ assembly of influenza A virus allows small populations to survive environments that fluctuate over individual replication cycles.
Imaging of single mRNA translation repression reveals diverse interactions with mRNP granules
Authors: Moon Stephanie L. , Morisaki Tatsuya , Khong Anthony , Lyon Kenneth , Parker Roy , Stasevich Timothy J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuring cellular stress mRNAs exit translation and accumulate in stress granules and P-bodies, although the dynamics of these interactions remain unclear. We imaged in real-time single mRNAs, their translational output, and mRNA-granule interactions during stress. We observed single mRNAs interacting with stress granules and P-bodies, with mRNAs moving bidirectionality between them. While translating mRNAs only interact with RNP granules dynamically, non-translating mRNAs can form stable associations that rigidly immobilize the mRNA within the granule. Imaging thousands of individual mRNA-granule interactions showed the probability of stable association increases with both mRNA length and granule size. Therefore, the recruitment of mRNAs to RNP granules involves both highly dynamic and stable interactions, influenced by several parameters, demonstrating a new layer of complexity in mRNA regulation during stress.One Sentence SummarymRNAs interact with stress granules and P-bodies in stable and dynamic manners influenced by ribosome association, mRNA length, and granule size.
Sibling rivalry: Males with more brothers develop larger testes
Authors: Fisher Heidi S. , Hook Kristin A. , Weber W. David , Hoekstra Hopi E. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWhen females mate with multiple partners in a reproductive cycle, the relative number of competing sperm from rival males is often the most critical factor in determining paternity. Gamete production is directly related to testis size in most species, and is associated with both mating behavior within a system and perceived risk of competition.Peromyscus maniculatusis naturally promiscuous and males invest significantly more in sperm production than males ofP. polionotus, their monogamous sister-species. Here we show that the relatively larger testes inP. maniculatusare retained, even after decades of enforced monogamy in captivity. While these results suggest that differences in sperm production between species with divergent evolutionary histories can be maintained, we also show that the early rearing environment of males can strongly influence their testis size as adults. Using a second-generation hybrid population to increase variation in testis size, we show that males reared in litters with more brothers develop larger testes as adults. Importantly, this difference in testis size is also associated with increased fertility. Together, our findings suggest that sperm production may be both broadly shaped by natural selection over evolutionary timescales and also finely tuned during early development.
The Wright-Fisher Site Frequency Spectrum as a Perturbation of the Coalescent’s
Authors: Melfi Andrew , Viswanath Divakar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe first terms of the Wright-Fisher (WF) site frequency spectrum that follow the coalescent approximation are determined precisely, with a view to understanding the accuracy of the coalescent approximation for large samples. The perturbing terms show that the probability of a single mutant in the sample (singleton probability) is elevated in WF but the rest of the frequency spectrum is lowered. A part of the perturbation can be attributed to a mismatch in rates of merger between WF and the coalescent. The rest of it can be attributed to the difference in the way WF and the coalescent partition children between parents. In particular, the number of children of a parent is approximately Poisson under WF and approximately geometric under the coalescent. Whereas the mismatch in rates raises the probability of singletons under WF, its offspring distribution being approximately Poisson lowers it. The two effects are of opposite sense everywhere except at the tail of the frequency spectrum. The WF frequency spectrum begins to depart from that of the coalescent only for sample sizes that are comparable to the population size. These conclusions are confirmed by a separate analysis that assumes the sample sizento be equal to the population sizeN. Partly thanks to the canceling effects, the total variation distance of WF minus coalescent is 0.12/logNfor a population sized sample withn=N, which is only 1% forN= 2×104.
Characteristics and origins of non-functional Pm21 alleles in Dasypyrum villosum and wheat genetic stocks
Authors: Zhu Shanying , He Huagang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMost Dasypyrum villosum resources are highly resistant to wheat powdery mildew that carries Pm21 alleles. However, in the previous studies, four D. villosum lines (DvSus-1 ∼ DvSus-4) and two wheat-D. villosum addition lines (DA6V#1 and DA6V#3) were reported to be susceptible to powdery mildew. In the present study, the characteristics of non-functional Pm21 alleles in the above resources were analyzed after Sanger sequencing. The results showed that loss-of-functions of Pm21 alleles Pm21-NF1 ∼ Pm21-NF3 isolated from DvSus-1, DvSus-2/DvSus-3 and DvSus-4 were caused by two potential point mutations, a 1-bp deletion and a 1281-bp insertion, respectively. The non-functional Pm21 alleles in DA6V#1 and DA6V#3 were same to that in DvSus-4 and DvSus-2/DvSus-3, respectively, indicating that the susceptibilities of the two wheat genetic stocks came from their D. villosum donors. The origins of non-functional Pm21 alleles were also investigated in this study. Except the target variants involved, the sequences of Pm21-NF2 and Pm21-NF3 were identical to that of Pm21-F2 and Pm21-F3 in the resistant D. villosum lines DvRes-2 and DvRes-3, derived from the accessions GRA961 and GRA1114, respectively. It was suggested that the non-functional alleles Pm21-NF2 and Pm21-NF3 originated from the wild-type alleles Pm21-F2 and Pm21-F3. In summary, this study gives an insight into the sequence characteristics of non-functional Pm21 alleles and their origins in natural population of D. villosum.
Implementation of the surgical safety checklist in hospitals of Iran; operating room personnel’s attitude, awareness and acceptance
Authors: Sokhanvar Mobin , Kakemam Edris , Goodarzi Narges 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) has improved patient safety effectively. Despite the known benefits of applying the checklist before surgery, its implementation is less than universal in practice. The purpose of this paper is to determine the operating room personnel’s attitude, their awareness and knowledge of the SSC, and to evaluate staff acceptance of the SSC (including personal beliefs).

Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study was conducted in eight tertiary general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Some 145 operating room personnel (surgeons, anaesthetists and nurses) were selected for the study. Data collection was carried out via a validated questionnaire in three parts which included socio-demographic, attitude, awareness and acceptance. Data were then analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis and χ2 statistical test.

Findings
Out of the 145 participants in the study, 92 per cent were aware of the existence of the SSC and 73.9 per cent of them were aware of the objectives of SSC. Overall, the attitude to SSC was positive. The attitude of surgeons was positive towards the impact of the SSC on safety and teamwork. Surgeons were significantly more sensitive to the barriers of SSC application compared to nurses and anaesthetists (p=0.046). Among the three groups, nurses had the highest level of support for SSC (p=0.001).

Practical implications
Despite high acceptance of the checklist among staff, there is still a gap in knowledge about when exactly the checklist should be used. Therefore, involvement of all surgical team members to complete the checklist process, support of senior managers, on-going education and training and consideration of the barriers to its implementation are all key areas that need to be taken into account.

Originality/value
This is the first research to examine the operating room personnel’s attitude, awareness and acceptance about SSC in Iranian hospitals. The outcomes of this study provide documentation and possible justification for effective establishment of SSC in Iran and other countries.
Structural quality of healthcare facilities in India
Authors: Armenta Bianca , Rathi Naveen , Assasnik Nushean , Kamimura Akiko 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Although India has a number of health issues, the healthcare facilities in India are insufficient due to poor quality of care. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting the structural quality of healthcare facilities in India.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used the medical facility data from the India Human Development Survey-II, 2011–2012 (ICPSR 36151) (n=4,218). Logistic regression was conducted to predict structural quality of healthcare facilities.

Findings
The results suggest that it is difficult to have all standard resources available at health care facilities in India. Surprisingly, having a drinking water source inside the health facility appears to be an indicator of poor structural quality of health care facilities. Having a water source inside a health care facility is associated with not having a separate exam room and not having a sink to wash hands. A higher registration fee was associated with good structural quality and with having a separate exam room and having a sink to wash hands.

Originality/value
This study shows the complexity of providing quality health care to the poor, particularly in developing countries. Research on quality of healthcare facilities in India is needed to improve the health of the population. Little research has been done on the factors influencing the structural quality of the healthcare facilities in India. This study is an important contribution to the current knowledge of structural healthcare facility standards and its influences in India.
Towards Islamic Accounting Anthropology
Authors: Mulawarman Aji Dedi , Kamayanti Ari 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to shed light on how accounting, which has been recognised as a contributor to the modernity problem, has been influenced by secular anthropology, which hinges on the concept of “self”. Based on Akbar S. Ahmed’s concept of Islamic Anthropology, Islamic Accounting Anthropology (IAA) is proposed as an answer to shift the accounting paradigm.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study in Indonesia was conducted by studying the development of the nation’s Shariah accounting from the perspective of diffusionism as an approach to anthropology. Following the constructivist tradition, IAA, which rejects the Social Darwinism notion of the superiority of the West over the East as the basis of the evolution of civilisation, is used as tool to realise Islamic norms through synchronic-diachronic study, constructing an accounting concept and invoking accounting transformation through accounting education.

Findings
This study finds that accounting has been greatly affected by secular Western culture through education and educators as agents that find their legitimation in country policies. Standard setters have also taken the same stance by siding with the capital market. By proposing IAA, it is hoped that Islam will replace the concept of “self-interest” as the faith of accounting and promote welfare for the ummah.

Research limitations/implications
The problem of modernisation lies in the newfound faith of self-interest. In accounting, self-interest is ingrained in accounting theories such as Positive Accounting Theory, Entity Theory and Agency Theory, and thus accounting has become a tool to support neoliberal society. IAA will help produce accounting that is rooted in local wisdom and necessity yet very much embedded in Islamic values.

Practical implications
IAA suggests that accounting education must be geared towards anthropology detached from the Orientalism-secularism concept. This shift can be accomplished by integrating IAA into the accounting education curriculum.

Social implications
Based on IAA, accounting practices can be designed under the guidance of the Quran and result using a synchronic-diachronic approach. By changing the ontological view through accounting education, accounting can drive societal consciousness towards the welfare of society instead of self-happiness.

Originality/value
Islamic accounting and anthropology are two subjects that are rarely discussed concurrently.
Implementing the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO‐OP) approach in a group format with children living with motor coordination difficulties
Authors: Anderson Leanne , Wilson Jessie , Carmichael Kaity 
Published: May 2018

Background/aimChildren with developmental coordination disorder demonstrate limited participation in daily occupations which negatively impacts on their physical and psycho‐social wellbeing. Literature is emerging supporting the use of the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO‐OP) within a group format. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of theCO‐OPapproach in a group format for children with motor coordination difficulties.MethodsA single group mixed‐method approach was employed. Four children with motor coordination difficulties between seven‐to‐nine years of age and their mothers, participated in aCO‐OPgroup intervention once a week over 10 weeks. The study examined performance (perceived and actual) and satisfaction of family‐chosen goals, gross and fine motor functioning and parental experience of participating in the intervention.ResultsImprovements in performance (perceived) and satisfaction ratings of family‐chosen goals bordered on achieving statistical significance. Fine and gross motor functioning and performance (actual) improved, however, the change in performance was variable between participants and among the overarching goals. Semi‐structured interviews were thematically analysed. Themes included: formation of the group, moving from disenabling to enabling, belonging and the importance of small successes.ConclusionsCO‐OPoffers a feasible intervention approach when delivered in a group format. Parental perceptions are valuable in shaping the delivery of theCO‐OPin future studies. More research is needed to support these findings and contribute to evidence‐based practice.
A nuclease‐toxin and immunity system for kin discrimination in Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Gong Ya , Zhang Zheng , Liu Ya , Zhou Xiu‐Wen , Anwar Mian Nabeel , Li Ze‐Shuo , Hu Wei , Li Yue‐Zhong 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe use of toxin to attack neighbours and immunity proteins to protect against toxin has been observed in bacterial conflicts, including kin discrimination. Here, we report a novel nuclease‐toxin and its immunity protein function in the colony‐merger incompatibility, a kind of bacterial kin discrimination, in Myxococcus xanthus DK1622. The MXAN_0049 gene was determined to be a genetic determinant for colony‐merger incompatibility, and the incompatibility could be eliminated by deletion of the upstream co‐transcribed MXAN_0050 gene. We demonstrated that the MXAN_0050 protein was a nuclease, and MXAN_0049 protein was able to bind to MXAN_0050 to block nuclease activity in vitro. Expression of MXAN_0050 in Escherichia coli inhibited cellular growth, and the inhibition effect could be recovered by co‐expression of MXAN_0049. We found that deletion of the PAAR‐encoding gene (MXAN_0044) or the type VI secretion system led to the colony‐merger and co‐existence with the ΔMXAN_0049 mutant, suggesting that they were associated with colony‐merger incompatibility. Homologues of the nuclease‐toxin and cognate immunity pair are widely distributed in bacteria. We propose a simplified model to explain the kin discrimination mechanism mediated by the nuclease‐toxin and immunity protein.© 2018 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd