bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐report dieting and long‐term changes in body mass index and waist circumference
Authors: Sares‐Jäske L. , Knekt P. , Männistö S. , Lindfors O. , Heliövaara M. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectiveThis prospective study explores whether dieting attempts and previous changes in weight predict changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).MethodsThe study was based on the representative Finnish Health 2000 Survey and on its follow‐up examination 11 years later. The sample included 2,785 participants, aged 30–69. BMI and WC were determined at health examinations. Information on dieting attempts and previous changes in weight was collected using a questionnaire including questions on whether participant had tried to lose weight (no/yes), gained weight (no/yes) or lost weight (no/yes) during the previous year.ResultsAt baseline, 32.8% were dieters. Of these, 28.4% had lost weight during the previous year. Dieters had higher BMI and WC than non‐dieters. During the follow‐up, the measures increased more in dieters and in persons with previous weight loss. The mean BMI changes in non‐dieters versus dieters were 0.74 (standard deviation [SD] 2.13) kg/m2 and 1.06 (SD 2.77) kg/m2 (P = 0.002), respectively. The corresponding numbers for those with no previous weight change versus those who had lost weight were 0.65 (SD 2.07) kg/m2 and 1.52 (SD 2.61) kg/m2. The increases in BMI and WC were most notable in dieters with initially normal weight.ConclusionsThe increases in BMI and WC were greater in dieters than in non‐dieters, suggesting dieting attempts to be non‐functional in the long term in the general population.
Genomic landscape of inverted urothelial papilloma and urothelial papilloma of the bladder
Authors: Isharwal Sumit , Hu Wenhuo , Sarungbam Judy , Chen Ying‐bei , Gopalan Anuradha , Fine Samson W , Tickoo Satish K , Sirintrapun Sahussapont J , Jadallah Sana , Loo Florence L , Pietzak Eugene J , Cha Eugene K , Bochner Bernard H , Berger Michael F , Iyer Gopa , Solit David B , Reuter Victor E , Al‐Ahmadie Hikmat 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInverted urothelial papilloma (IUP) and urothelial papilloma (UP) are rare urothelial neoplasms that typically follow a benign clinical course. Oncogenic mutations in FGFR3, HRAS, and the TERT promoter have been reported in these entities but no comprehensive molecular analysis has been performed. We sought to characterize the genomic landscape of IUP and UP using whole‐exome and targeted next‐generation sequencing. In IUP, 10 of 11 tumors harbored oncogenic hotspot mutations in HRAS and the remaining tumor had an oncogenic KRAS mutation. None of the IUP tumors harbored TERT promoter or FGFR3 mutations. In UP, 8 of 11 tumors had oncogenic KRAS mutations and two had oncogenic HRAS mutations. One UP tumor had oncogenic mutations in FGFR3, PIK3CA, and the TERT promoter, and arose in a patient with recurrent non‐invasive papillary urothelial carcinomas. In contrast to urothelial carcinoma, the APOBEC mutational signature was not present in any IUP and UP tumors, and oncogenic alterations in chromatin remodeling genes were uncommon in both IUP and UP. The current study suggests that IUP and UP are driven primarily by RAS pathway activation and lack the more common genomic features of urothelial cancers. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secret safety warnings on medicines: A case study of information access requests
Authors: Torka Marc , Mintzes Barbara , Bhasale Alice , Fabbri Alice , Perry Lucy , Lexchin Joel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeThere has been less attention to the transparency of postmarket evidence of harmful effects of medicines than of premarket clinical trial data. This is a case study of requests for Australian “direct health professional communications” (DHPCs). These letters are used by regulators and manufacturers to inform clinicians of emergent evidence of harm. DHPCs are not made public by Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).MethodsWe requested all DHPCs sent out in Australia from 2007 to 2016 inclusive for 207 drugs that were subject to safety advisories over this decade in Canada, the United Kingdom, and/or the United States. We contacted 39 manufacturers (February to May 2018), with repeat requests to nonrespondents, and a follow‐up freedom‐of‐information (FOI) request to the TGA.ResultsFifteen companies provided information, either sending DHPCs (n = 4, on five drugs) or affirming none were sent out (n = 11). The remaining 24 of 39 (62%) companies did not provide DHPCs: nine (23%) refused the request, often citing commercial confidentiality; the rest provided no answer despite repeat requests. In total, we had no information for 170 of 207 (82%) of the drugs. Our FOI request to the TGA was unsuccessful.ConclusionsOur experience highlights unacceptable secrecy concerning safety warnings previously sent to thousands of Australian clinicians. In the absence of explicit regulatory policy supporting disclosure, companies differed in their response. These letters warn of serious and often life‐threatening harm and guide safer care; full ongoing public access is needed, ideally in searchable online databases.
Development and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) and casein blend films
Authors: U Durmaz Bedriye , Aytac Ayse 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBlends of plasticized casein (CA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at various ratios were prepared using the solution‐casting method. The prepared blend solutions were cast onto polystyrene petri plates and bend films were obtained. The characterization of films was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle measurements and water vapour permeability. According to spectroscopic analysis, there were interactions between the CA and PVA molecules. The tensile test results showed that the tensile strength of CA increased with increasing PVA content. The flexibility of plasticized CA film increased with the incorporation of PVA. The thermal stability and water vapour barrier properties of plasticized CA improved on blending with PVA. As a result, it was seen that blend films were successfully produced using plasticized CA and PVA with potential for use in biodegradable packaging applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Wood and water: How trees modify wood development to cope with drought
Authors: Rodriguez‐Zaccaro F. Daniela , Groover Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Societal Impact StatementDrought plays a conspicuous role in forest mortality, and is expected to become more severe in future climate scenarios. Recent surges in drought‐associated forest tree mortality have been documented worldwide. For example, recent droughts in California and Texas killed approximately 129 million and 300 million trees, respectively. Drought has also induced acute pine tree mortality across east‐central China, and across extensive areas in southwest China. Understanding the biological processes that enable trees to modify wood development to mitigate the adverse effects of drought will be crucial for the development of successful strategies for future forest management and conservation.
Summary
Drought is a recurrent stress to forests, causing periodic forest mortality with enormous economic and environmental costs. Wood is the water‐conducting tissue of tree stems, and trees modify wood development to create anatomical features and hydraulic properties that can mitigate drought stress. This modification of wood development can be seen in tree rings where not only the amount of wood but also the morphology of the water‐conducting cells are modified in response to environmental conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of how trees conduct water, and how trees modify wood development to affect water conduction properties in response to drought. We discuss key needs for new research, and how new knowledge of wood formation can play a role in the conservation of forests under threat by climate change.
Molluscicidal activity of cardiac glycosides isolated from Adenium obesum
Authors: Alzabib Ali A , Abobakr Yasser , Al‐Sarar Ali S , Hussein Hamdy I , Basudan Omer A , El‐Gamal Ali A , Abdel‐Kader Maged S , El_Komy Mahmoud H 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTerrestrial mollusks are one of most important agricultural pests worldwide. Natural phytochemicals have an extended history as a source of pesticides. This study was planned to isolate molluscicidal active compounds from the stems of Adenium obesum.RESULTSThe benzene‐soluble fraction of the hydroethanolic extract displayed the most potent molluscicidal activity against Monacha obstructa among different solvent fractions with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 4.91 µg g−1 body weight (bw). The bioactivity‐guided chemical exploration of the benzene‐soluble fraction led to the isolation of two known cardiac glycosides, cerberin and neriifolin which showed significant molluscicidal activity with LD50 values of 5.39 and 4.3 µg g−1 bw, respectively.CONCLUSIONIsolation of the cardiac glycoside neriifolin from A. obesum and the molluscicidal activity of cerberin and neriifolin against terrestrial snails are reported for the first time. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermostat or thermometer? A Finnish perspective on the overloaded role of sustainability indicators in societal transition
Authors: Lyytimäki Jari 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVarious expectations are placed on national‐level sustainability indicators. Ideally, they should serve as efficient tools for transformations, leading societies to sustainable paths by creating a comprehensive, reliable, timely, and easy‐to‐understand picture of the key ecological, socio‐cultural, and economic trends. Most, if not all, indicator initiatives so far have been unable to meet such grandiose expectations. This has evoked criticism of and scepticism towards the indicator approach, but has also motivated improvement of indicator sets and knowledge brokerage processes. This article discusses the role of sustainability indicators in societal transition by examining the experiences gained from the preparation and launch of a sustainable development indicator set specifically aimed at supporting national‐level policymaking in Finland. It is concluded that better recognition of the tensions between attempts to improve the quality of indicators and attempts to enhance their use in policy is key to meeting the expectations placed upon sustainability indicators.
The environmental consequences of fossil fuels in China: National and regional perspectives
Authors: Xu Bingjie , Zhong Ruoyu , Hochman Gal , Dong Kangyin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractControl of the increasing fossil fuel‐based carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the associated environmental consequences are important for sustainable development in China. Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated the environmental consequences of China's fossil fuels at both the national and regional levels. For this purpose, this study explores the dynamic relationships among CO2emissions, economic growth, and consumption of various fossil fuels (i.e., coal, petroleum, and natural gas) in China, using the panel dataset of 30 provinces for the period 1997–2015. Considering the significant differences across various regions, the whole sample and different regions in China are analyzed separately. The estimated results, at both the national and regional levels, provide strong evidence in favor of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for CO2emissions in China. Furthermore, increasing coal and petroleum consumption significantly promotes CO2emissions. Conversely, natural gas offers a cleaner substitute for other fossil fuels (i.e., coal and petroleum); its substitution effect may be influenced by the share of natural gas in the total energy needs. Finally, the above findings highlight several policy implications for the Chinese government's policymakers to effectively reduce CO2emissions in China, thereby setting the nation on a sustainable development path.
Design and Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐thiophene‐proline‐conjugates and Their Anti‐tubercular Activity against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Ra
Authors: Baravkar Sachin B. , Wagh Mahendra A. , Nawale Laxman U. , Choudhari Amit S. , Bhansali Sujit , Sarkar Dhiman , Sanjayan Gangadhar J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe emergence of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR‐TB) and multi‐drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) has necessitated the development of new drugs with short chemotherapy treatment regime and cost effectiveness. To overcome these challenges, we are reporting the synthesis of a series of 2‐amino‐thiophene‐proline‐conjugates which show potent in‐vitro and ex‐vivo anti‐tubercular (anti‐TB) activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) H37Ra. The synthesis of these 2‐amino‐thiophene‐proline‐conjugates was carried out via solution phase peptide coupling reactions using methyl‐2‐aminothiophene‐3‐carboxylate 8 as an intermediate obtained by modified gewald reaction. Intermediate 8 was coupled with different amino acids to obtain dipeptides 3, 4, 5, 6 a and 7. Priliminary anti‐TB assay data encoureaged us to synthesize modified proline derivatives 6 b‐6 k via formation of a benzoxazinone intermediate 16. Most of these conjugates are active against mtb H37Ra in both active (A) and dormant (D) strains. They are also active against drug resistant mtb H37Ra strains. A trifluoroethyl ester analog, 6 i was the most potent among the series [MIC 1 μg/mL] along with 6 f and 6 g [MIC 2–6 μg/mL]. Cytotoxicity studies suggested that, these compounds are less cytotoxic to human cell lines HeLa, MCF‐7, HUVEC and hence possess high selectivity index (SI). Docking studies revealed that the binding mode of most active compounds 6 i, 6 g and 6 f is in accordance with their bioactivity studies having docking score −8.969, −8.446 and −7.865, respectively. Moreover, in silico ADME properties suggest that all the compounds possess drug like properties.
SiO2@TiO2:Sm3+ with Diverse Phase Structure and Morphology: Photoluminescence and Simulated Solar Light‐Activated Photodegradation Properties
Authors: Chang Meiqi , Zou Haifeng , Chen Jie , Sheng Ye , Song Yanhua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSm3+ doped SiO2@TiO2 nanospheres with diverse morphology have been successfully prepared. The size of SiO2 could be adjusted not only by changing the etching time but also through varying the coating method of TiO2. Sol‐gel and solvothermal methods were adopted to investigate the effect of coating conditions on morphology and properties of the products. Photocatalytic results showed that core‐shell structures obtained by solvothermal method possess the highest photodegradation efficiency, which reached 98% for degradation of methyl orange within 30 min under simulated solar light irradiation. The trapping experiments were performed and the possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. Yolk‐shell structures obtained through solvothermal method exhibited the strongest orange‐red emission intensity, however, for the samples obtained through a sol‐gel process, the luminescence intensities of the products showed the oppose trend, which is the result of a combination of light utilization, specific surface area and crystallinity. In addition, the X‐ray diffraction analysis results of products calcined at 900 °C manifested that a certain amount of Sm3+ ions inhibit the formation of rutile phase effectively, but the inhibitory effect is not proportional to its concentration. This article provides deeper insight into photocatalytic and luminescence bi‐functional properties of SiO2@TiO2:Sm3+ nanospheres with diverse morphology obtained through different preparation methods.
Pyridazine‐Containing Diazatwistanthracene and Tetraazatwisttetracene: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Third Order Non‐linear Optical Properties
Authors: Fan Mingxuan , Shen Yuqiang , Zheng Yusen , Yu Xianglin , Li Miao , Xu Liang , Wang Jiapei , Yang Li , Li Junbo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, two pyridazine‐heterocycles‐containing azaacenes 9,12‐diphenylphenanthro[4,5‐fgh]phthalazine (DPPA) and 2,9‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4,7,11,14‐tetraphenylpyridazino[4′,5′:9,10]phenanthro[4,5‐fgh]phthalazine (TPPA) have been synthesized and fully characterized. The single crystal analysis of TPPA showed that TPPA molecule exhibits a twisted structure with the dihedral angel of 27° between pyrene and pyridazine unit, which suppresses the π‐π stackings in the solid state. The two‐photon absorption properties of DPPA and TPPA were investigated, respectively, by using the femtosecond Z‐scan technique. The results showed that both DPPA and TPPA showed moderate two‐photon absorption cross‐section values, and the larger one was found to be 454 GM with TPPA. Obviously, the introduction of pyridazine ring into the skeleton of acenes forming a A−D‐A structure could lead to a much larger two‐photon absorption coefficient and two‐photon absorption cross section.
Enhanced Charge Transfer by Passivation Layer in 3DOM Ferroelectric Heterojunction for Water Oxidation in HCO3−/CO2 System
Authors: Cai Zihe , Yan Yang , Liu Lin , Lin Shengxuan , Hu Xiaobin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical carbon dioxide conversion to fuels such as carbon monoxide, methanol, and ethylene exhibits great potential to solve energy issues. Unfortunately, CO2 conversion efficiency is still low due to violent charge recombination at the photoanode. Herein, a novel 3D macroporous ferroelectric heterojunction composed of BiFeO3 and LiNbO3 is developed by a template‐assisted sol–gel method, aiming at facilitating charge transfer kinetics. As expected, a tremendous enhancement of photocurrent density (300 times vs bare planar BiFeO3 film) and charge transfer efficiency (up to 76%) is obtained in the HCO3−/CO2 system without any cocatalyst. The photoelectrochemical performance is switchable by poling to form a depolarization electric field. Photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that the charge transfer resistance decreases due to the synergistic effect of BiFeO3 3D macroporous skeleton and LiNbO3 passivation layer by tuning surface states. These results suggest a novel strategy for enhancing photoelectrochemical water oxidation as the anodic reaction of CO2 reduction.
Reversible Image Contrast Manipulation with Thermally Tunable Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Zangeneh Kamali Khosro , Xu Lei , Ward Jonathan , Wang Kai , Li Guixin , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Neshev Dragomir , Rahmani Mohsen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIncreasing demand for higher resolution of miniaturized displays requires techniques achieving high contrast tunability of the images. Employing metasurfaces for image contrast manipulation is a new and rapidly growing field of research aiming to address this need. Here, a new technique to achieve image tuning in a reversible fashion is demonstrated by dielectric metasurfaces composed of subwavelength resonators. It is demonstrated that by controlling the temperature of a metasurface the encoded transmission pattern can be tuned. To this end, two sets of nanoresonators composed of nonconcentric silicon disks with a hole that exhibit spectrally sharp Fano resonances and forming a Yin‐Yang pattern are designed and fabricated. Through exploitation of the thermo‐optical properties of silicon, full control of the contrast of the Yin‐Yang image is demonstrated by altering the metasurface temperature by ΔT ≈ 100 °C. This is the first demonstrated technique to control an image contrast by temperature. Importantly, the turning technique does not require manipulating the external stimulus, such as polarization or angle of the illumination and/or the refractive index of this environment. These results open many opportunities for transparent displays, optical switches, and tunable illumination systems.
Dynamics of participation: System dynamics and participation—An empirical review
Authors: Király Gábor , Miskolczi Péter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe practice of participation has gained prominence in several disciplines recently. The present study discusses how participation meets system dynamics, a particular modelling method, which looks at complex systems from an endogenous viewpoint. System dynamics has always oriented itself towards practical problems and engaged with clients actively. This tradition is represented in contemporary participatory methods. We can underpin the involvement of stakeholders in a number of ways: with normative arguments (participation is a democratic right), substantive (involvement produces better knowledge), instrumental (participation improves the chance of success), and transformative ones (improvement of social capital). We discuss three schools of participatory system dynamics. First, group model building, a professional and practical method. Next, participatory system dynamics modelling, which is rooted in public policy decisions and aims to involve stakeholders actively. Finally, community‐based system dynamics aims for the empowerment of communities, with long‐term deep commitment on the part of the researcher.
Rapamycin Induced Autophagy Inhibits Inflammation-Mediated Endplate Degeneration by Enhancing Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling of Cartilage Endplate Stem Cells
Authors: Zuo Rui , Wang Yanqiu , Li Jie , Wu Junlong , Wang Wenkai , Li Bin , Sun Chao , Wang Ziwen , Shi Chunmeng , Zhou Yue , Liu Minghan , Zhang Chao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCartilage endplate (CEP) calcification inhibits the transport of metabolites and nutrients in the intervertebral disk and is an important initiating factor of intervertebral disk degeneration. However, the mechanisms governing CEP degeneration have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we established a mouse CEP degeneration model and showed that autophagy insufficiency caused the degeneration of CEP. We found that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused cell senescence and osteogenic differentiation of cartilage endplate stem cells (CESCs), whereas rapamycin-induced autophagy protected CESCs from TNF-α-induced oxidative stress and cell senescence. Furthermore, rapamycin-induced autophagy helped CESCs maintain the chondrogenic properties and inhibited extracellular matrix protease expression and osteogenic differentiation. Further study revealed that autophagy activated by rapamycin or inhibited by chloroquine influenced the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thereby controlling the expression of antioxidant proteins and the scavenging of ROS. Taken together, the results indicate that rapamycin-induced autophagy enhances Nrf2/Keap1 signaling and promotes the expression of antioxidant proteins, thereby eliminating ROS, alleviating cell senescence, reducing the osteogenic differentiation of CESCs, and ultimately protecting CEPs from chronic inflammation-induced degeneration. Stem Cells 2019;37:828–840