bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Wind Contribution to the Variability of Ocean Currents Over Wide Continental Shelves: A Case Study on the Northern Argentine Continental Shelf
Authors: Lago L. S. , Saraceno M. , Martos P. , Guerrero R. A. , Piola A. R. , Paniagua G. F. , Ferrari R. , Artana C. I. , Provost C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe southwestern Atlantic Ocean has one of the largest and most productive continental shelves of the southern hemisphere. Despite its relevance, its circulation patterns have been largely inferred from hydrographic observations and numerical models. Here we describe the variability of the shelf circulation based on the analysis of 11 months of multilevel currents measured by two bottom‐mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers deployed over the continental shelf at 39°S. The record‐length mean is 12 and 13 cm/s in the upper layer and decreases to 6 and 8 cm/s near the bottom, at the deployment nearer and further from the coast, respectively. The mean flow direction is toward the NE, following the orientation of the isobaths. Measurements at both sites show that the alongshore barotropic component accounts for 83% of the variability observed and are well correlated (0.86), suggesting a relatively uniform flow, which is presumably driven by large‐scale forcing. Indeed, large‐scale wind stress patterns dominate the temporal variability of the in situ currents and the passage of atmospheric fronts induces significant changes in the observed currents at all depths. We found that for 12% of the measurements the currents reverse the direction to the SW in response to these atmospheric patterns. Furthermore, the analysis of sea surface height reconstructed from bottom pressure measurements at both sites and from a coastal tide gauge reveals that the variability of the alongshore currents is driven by the cross‐shore pressure gradients generated by the alongshore wind stress.
Large Decadal Changes in Air‐Sea CO2 Fluxes in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Wanninkhof Rik , Triñanes Joaquin , Park Geun‐Ha , Gledhill Dwight , Olsen Are 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSixteen years of surface water CO2 data from autonomous systems on cruise ships sailing in the Caribbean Sea and Western North Atlantic show marked changes on interannual timescales. The measured changes in fugacity (≈partial pressure) of CO2 in surface water, fCO2w, are based on over a million observations. Seasonally the patterns are similar to other oligotrophic subtropical regions with an amplitude of fCO2w of ≈40 μatm with low wintertime values, causing the area to be a sink, and high summertime values making it a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. On annual scales there was negligible increase of fCO2w from 2002 to 2010 and a rapid increase from 2010 to 2018. Correspondingly, the trend of air‐sea CO2 flux from 2002 to 2010 was strongly negative (increasing uptake or sink) at −0.05 ± 0.01 (mol m−2 year−1) year−1 and positive (decreasing uptake) at 0.02 ± 0.02 (mol m−2 year−1) year−1 from 2010‐2018. For the whole period from 2002 to 2018, the fCO2w lagged the atmospheric CO2 increase by 24 %, causing an increase in CO2 uptake. The average flux into the ocean for the 16 years is −0.20 ± 0.16 mol m−2 year−1 with the uncertainty reflecting the standard deviation in annual means. The change in multiannual trend in fCO2w is modulated by several factors, notably changes in sea surface temperature and ocean mixed layer depth that, in turn, affected the physical and biological processes controlling fCO2w.
Responses of Clouds and Large‐Scale Circulation to Global Warming Evaluated From Multidecadal Simulations Using a Global Nonhydrostatic Model
Authors: Noda Akira T. , Kodama Chihiro , Yamada Yohei , Satoh Masaki , Ogura Tomoo , Ohno Tomoki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis is the first paper that analyzes data from atmosphere model intercomparison project‐type climate simulations using a cloud‐system‐resolving global nonhydrostatic model without cumulus parameterization focussing particulaly on the relationship between clouds and circulation, and their changes due to global warming. The decrease in fractional coverage of low clouds is key to evaluating cloud radiative effects, because changes in shortwave cloud radiative effects overwhelm those of longwave cloud radiative effects. Thus, improved evaluation of low clouds is important, even in high‐resolution climate simulations. An analysis of heat redistribution by explicitly computed clouds revealed that column‐integrated heating rate due to phase changes correlates highly with vertical velocity at the altitude corresponding to 500 hPa and is closely linked to column water vapor, similar to the present climate result. Using data from year 1 to year 5, the effective climate sensitivity was evaluated to be 3.6−3.7°C. Possible convective aggregation is also examined using an index of modified subsidence fraction and characteristic changes in the number of cold pools. Despite previous idealized‐planet simulations showing more aggregated tropical convection under warmer conditions, here we show a decrease in the subsidence fraction and an increase in the number of smaller cold pools, suggesting that it is possible to realize less convective organization with warming under real atmospheric conditions.
Activation of TFEB ameliorates dedifferentiation of arterial smooth muscle cells and neointima formation in mice with high-fat diet
Authors: Wang Yun-Ting , Li Xiang , Chen Jiajie , McConnell Bradley K. , Chen Li , Li Pin-Lan , Chen Yang , Zhang Yang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAutophagy is recently implicated in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of autophagy signaling pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of TFEB in SMC homeostasis have not been elucidated. Here, we surveyed the ability of TFEB to regulate autophagy pathway in SMCs, and whether pharmacological activation of TFEB favors SMC homeostasis preventing dedifferentiation and pathogenic vascular remodeling. In primary cultured SMCs, TFEB activator trehalose induced nuclear translocation of TFEB and upregulation of TFEB-controlled autophagy genes leading to enhanced autophagy signaling. Moreover, trehalose suppressed serum-induced SMC dedifferentiation to synthetic phenotypes as characterized by inhibited proliferation and migration. These effects of trehalose were mimicked by ectopic upregulation of TFEB and inhibited by TFEB gene silencing. In animal experiments, partial ligation of carotid arteries induced downregulation of TFEB pathway in the media layer of these arteries. Such TFEB suppression was correlated with increased SMC dedifferentiation and aggravated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced neointima formation. Treatment of mice with trehalose reversed this TFEB pathway suppression, and prevented SMC dedifferentiation and HFD-induced neointima formation. In conclusion, our findings have identified TFEB as a novel positive regulator for autophagy pathway and cellular homeostasis in SMCs. Our data suggest that suppression of TFEB may be an initiating mechanism that promotes SMC dedifferentiation leading to accelerated neointima formation in vascular disorders associated with metabolic stress, whereas trehalose reverses these changes. These findings warrant further evaluation of trehalose in the clinical settings.
Role of laterodorsal tegmentum projections to nucleus accumbens in reward-related behaviors
Authors: Coimbra Bárbara , Soares-Cunha Carina , Vasconcelos Nivaldo A P , Domingues Ana Verónica , Borges Sónia , Sousa Nuno , Rodrigues Ana João 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT) is associated with reward considering that it modulates VTA neuronal activity, but recent anatomical evidence shows that the LDT also directly projects to nucleus accumbens (NAc). We show that the majority of LDT-NAc inputs are cholinergic, but there is also GABAergic and glutamatergic innervation; activation of LDT induces a predominantly excitatory response in the NAc. Non-selective optogenetic activation of LDT-NAc projections in rats enhances motivational drive and shifts preference to an otherwise equal reward; whereas inhibition of these projections induces the opposite. Activation of these projections also induces robust place preference. In mice, specific activation of LDT-NAc cholinergic inputs (but not glutamatergic or GABAergic) is sufficient to shift preference, increase motivation, and drive positive reinforcement in different behavioral paradigms. These results provide evidence that LDT-NAc projections play an important role in motivated behaviors and positive reinforcement, and that distinct neuronal populations differentially contribute for these behaviors.
Discovery and preclinical evaluation of anti-miR-17 oligonucleotide RGLS4326 for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Lee Edmund C. , Valencia Tania , Allerson Charles , Schairer Annelie , Flaten Andrea , Yheskel Matanel , Kersjes Kara , Li Jian , Gatto Sole , Takhar Mandeep , Lockton Steven , Pavlicek Adam , Kim Michael , Chu Tiffany , Soriano Randy , Davis Scott , Androsavich John R. , Sarwary Salma , Owen Tate , Kaplan Julia , Liu Kai , Jang Graham , Neben Steven , Bentley Philip , Wright Timothy , Patel Vishal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), caused by mutations in either PKD1 or PKD2 genes, is one of the most common human monogenetic disorders and the leading genetic cause of end-stage renal disease. Unfortunately, treatment options for ADPKD are limited. Here we report the discovery and characterization of RGLS4326, a first-in-class, short oligonucleotide inhibitor of microRNA-17 (miR-17), as a potential treatment for ADPKD. RGLS4326 is discovered by screening a chemically diverse and rationally designed library of anti-miR-17 oligonucleotides for optimal pharmaceutical properties. RGLS4326 preferentially distributes to kidney and collecting duct-derived cysts, displaces miR-17 from translationally active polysomes, and de-represses multiple miR-17 mRNA targets including Pkd1 and Pkd2. Importantly, RGLS4326 demonstrates a favorable preclinical safety profile and attenuates cyst growth in human in vitro ADPKD models and multiple PKD mouse models after subcutaneous administration. The preclinical characteristics of RGLS4326 support its clinical development as a disease-modifying treatment for ADPKD.
Giant piezoresistive effect by optoelectronic coupling in a heterojunction
Authors: Nguyen Thanh , Dinh Toan , Foisal Abu Riduan Md , Phan Hoang-Phuong , Nguyen Tuan-Khoa , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Dao Dzung Viet 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnhancing the piezoresistive effect is crucial for improving the sensitivity of mechanical sensors. Herein, we report that the piezoresistive effect in a semiconductor heterojunction can be enormously enhanced via optoelectronic coupling. A lateral photovoltage, which is generated in the top material layer of a heterojunction under non-uniform illumination, can be coupled with an optimally tuned electric current to modulate the magnitude of the piezoresistive effect. We demonstrate a tuneable giant piezoresistive effect in a cubic silicon carbide/silicon heterojunction, resulting in an extraordinarily high gauge factor of approximately 58,000, which is the highest gauge factor reported for semiconductor-based mechanical sensors to date. This gauge factor is approximately 30,000 times greater than that of commercial metal strain gauges and more than 2,000 times greater than that of cubic silicon carbide. The phenomenon discovered can pave the way for the development of ultra-sensitive sensor technology.
Assembly and seasonality of core phyllosphere microbiota on perennial biofuel crops
Authors: Grady Keara L. , Sorensen Jackson W. , Stopnisek Nejc , Guittar John , Shade Ashley 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPerennial grasses are promising feedstocks for biofuel production, with potential for leveraging their native microbiomes to increase their productivity and resilience to environmental stress. Here, we characterize the 16S rRNA gene diversity and seasonal assembly of bacterial and archaeal microbiomes of two perennial cellulosic feedstocks, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus). We sample leaves and soil every three weeks from pre-emergence through senescence for two consecutive switchgrass growing seasons and one miscanthus season, and identify core leaf taxa based on occupancy. Virtually all leaf taxa are also detected in soil; source-sink modeling shows non-random, ecological filtering by the leaf, suggesting that soil is an important reservoir of phyllosphere diversity. Core leaf taxa include early, mid, and late season groups that were consistent across years and crops. This consistency in leaf microbiome dynamics and core members is promising for microbiome manipulation or management to support crop production.
Carrier lifetime enhancement in halide perovskite via remote epitaxy
Authors: Jiang Jie , Sun Xin , Chen Xinchun , Wang Baiwei , Chen Zhizhong , Hu Yang , Guo Yuwei , Zhang Lifu , Ma Yuan , Gao Lei , Zheng Fengshan , Jin Lei , Chen Min , Ma Zhiwei , Zhou Yuanyuan , Padture Nitin P. , Beach Kory , Terrones Humberto , Shi Yunfeng , Gall Daniel , Lu Toh-Ming , Wertz Esther , Feng Jing , Shi Jian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCrystallographic dislocation has been well-known to be one of the major causes responsible for the unfavorable carrier dynamics in conventional semiconductor devices. Halide perovskite has exhibited promising applications in optoelectronic devices. However, how dislocation impacts its carrier dynamics in the ‘defects-tolerant’ halide perovskite is largely unknown. Here, via a remote epitaxy approach using polar substrates coated with graphene, we synthesize epitaxial halide perovskite with controlled dislocation density. First-principle calculations and molecular-dynamics simulations reveal weak film-substrate interaction and low density dislocation mechanism in remote epitaxy, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution atomic force microscopy and Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy unveil the lattice/atomic and dislocation structure of the remote epitaxial film. The controlling of dislocation density enables the unveiling of the dislocation-carrier dynamic relation in halide perovskite. The study provides an avenue to develop free-standing halide perovskite film with low dislocation density and improved carried dynamics.
A high-resolution 3D epigenomic map reveals insights into the creation of the prostate cancer transcriptome
Authors: Rhie Suhn Kyong , Perez Andrew A. , Lay Fides D. , Schreiner Shannon , Shi Jiani , Polin Jenevieve , Farnham Peggy J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo better understand the impact of chromatin structure on regulation of the prostate cancer transcriptome, we develop high-resolution chromatin interaction maps in normal and prostate cancer cells using in situ Hi-C. By combining the in situ Hi-C data with active and repressive histone marks, CTCF binding sites, nucleosome-depleted regions, and transcriptome profiling, we identify topologically associating domains (TADs) that change in size and epigenetic states between normal and prostate cancer cells. Moreover, we identify normal and prostate cancer-specific enhancer-promoter loops and involved transcription factors. For example, we show that FOXA1 is enriched in prostate cancer-specific enhancer-promoter loop anchors. We also find that the chromatin structure surrounding the androgen receptor (AR) locus is altered in the prostate cancer cells with many cancer-specific enhancer-promoter loops. This creation of 3D epigenomic maps enables a better understanding of prostate cancer biology and mechanisms of gene regulation.
A cell fitness selection model for neuronal survival during development
Authors: Wang Yiqiao , Wu Haohao , Fontanet Paula , Codeluppi Simone , Akkuratova Natalia , Petitpré Charles , Xue-Franzén Yongtao , Niederreither Karen , Sharma Anil , Da Silva Fabio , Comai Glenda , Agirman Gulistan , Palumberi Domenico , Linnarsson Sten , Adameyko Igor , Moqrich Aziz , Schedl Andreas , La Manno Gioele , Hadjab Saida , Lallemend François 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDevelopmental cell death plays an important role in the construction of functional neural circuits. In vertebrates, the canonical view proposes a selection of the surviving neurons through stochastic competition for target-derived neurotrophic signals, implying an equal potential for neurons to compete. Here we show an alternative cell fitness selection of neurons that is defined by a specific neuronal heterogeneity code. Proprioceptive sensory neurons that will undergo cell death and those that will survive exhibit different molecular signatures that are regulated by retinoic acid and transcription factors, and are independent of the target and neurotrophins. These molecular features are genetically encoded, representing two distinct subgroups of neurons with contrasted functional maturation states and survival outcome. Thus, in this model, a heterogeneous code of intrinsic cell fitness in neighboring neurons provides differential competitive advantage resulting in the selection of cells with higher capacity to survive and functionally integrate into neural networks.
A novel role for the actin-binding protein drebrin in regulating opiate addiction
Authors: Martin Jennifer A. , Werner Craig T. , Mitra Swarup , Zhong Ping , Wang Zi-Jun , Gobira Pedro H. , Stewart Andrew. F. , Zhang Jay , Erias Kyra , Siemian Justin N. , Hagarty Devin , Mueller Lauren E. , Neve Rachael L. , Li Jun-Xu , Chandra Ramesh , Dietz Karen C. , Lobo Mary Kay , Gancarz Amy M. , Yan Zhen , Dietz David M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPersistent transcriptional and morphological events in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and other brain reward regions contribute to the long-lasting behavioral adaptations that characterize drug addiction. Opiate exposure reduces the density of dendritic spines on medium spiny neurons of the NAc; however, the underlying transcriptional and cellular events mediating this remain unknown. We show that heroin self-administration negatively regulates the actin-binding protein drebrin in the NAc. Using virus-mediated gene transfer, we show that drebrin overexpression in the NAc is sufficient to decrease drug seeking and increase dendritic spine density, whereas drebrin knockdown potentiates these effects. We demonstrate that drebrin is transcriptionally repressed by the histone modifier HDAC2, which is relieved by pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases. Importantly, we demonstrate that heroin-induced adaptations occur only in the D1+ subset of medium spiny neurons. These findings establish an essential role for drebrin, and upstream transcriptional regulator HDAC2, in opiate-induced plasticity in the NAc.
Direct thermal charging cell for converting low-grade heat to electricity
Authors: Wang Xun , Huang Yu-Ting , Liu Chang , Mu Kaiyu , Li Ka Ho , Wang Sijia , Yang Yuan , Wang Lei , Su Chia-Hung , Feng Shien-Ping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEfficient low-grade heat recovery can help to reduce greenhouse gas emission as over 70% of primary energy input is wasted as heat, but current technologies to fulfill the heat-to-electricity conversion are still far from optimum. Here we report a direct thermal charging cell, using asymmetric electrodes of a graphene oxide/platinum nanoparticles cathode and a polyaniline anode in Fe2+/Fe3+redox electrolyte via isothermal heating operation. When heated, the cell generates voltage via a temperature-induced pseudocapacitive effect of graphene oxide and a thermogalvanic effect of Fe2+/Fe3+, and then discharges continuously by oxidizing polyaniline and reducing Fe3+under isothermal heating till Fe3+depletion. The cell can be self-regenerated when cooled down. Direct thermal charging cells attain a temperature coefficient of 5.0 mV K−1and heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 2.8% at 70 °C (21.4% of Carnot efficiency) and 3.52% at 90 °C (19.7% of Carnot efficiency), outperforming other thermoelectrochemical and thermoelectric systems.
Changes in the metabolic potential of the sponge microbiome under ocean acidification
Authors: Botté Emmanuelle S. , Nielsen Shaun , Abdul Wahab Muhammad Azmi , Webster John , Robbins Steven , Thomas Torsten , Webster Nicole S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic CO2 emissions are causing ocean acidification, which can affect the physiology of marine organisms. Here we assess the possible effects of ocean acidification on the metabolic potential of sponge symbionts, inferred by metagenomic analyses of the microbiomes of two sponge species sampled at a shallow volcanic CO2 seep and a nearby control reef. When comparing microbial functions between the seep and control sites, the microbiome of the sponge Stylissa flabelliformis (which is more abundant at the control site) exhibits at the seep reduced potential for uptake of exogenous carbohydrates and amino acids, and for degradation of host-derived creatine, creatinine and taurine. The microbiome of Coelocarteria singaporensis (which is more abundant at the seep) exhibits reduced potential for carbohydrate import at the seep, but greater capacity for archaeal carbon fixation via the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate pathway, as well as archaeal and bacterial urea production and ammonia assimilation from arginine and creatine catabolism. Together these metabolic features might contribute to enhanced tolerance of the sponge symbionts, and possibly their host, to ocean acidification.
Robust trap effect in transition metal dichalcogenides for advanced multifunctional devices
Authors: Yin Lei , He Peng , Cheng Ruiqing , Wang Feng , Wang Fengmei , Wang Zhenxing , Wen Yao , He Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDefects play a crucial role in determining electric transport properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. In particular, defect-induced deep traps have been demonstrated to possess the ability to capture carriers. However, due to their poor stability and controllability, most studies focus on eliminating this trap effect, and little consideration was devoted to the applications of their inherent capabilities on electronics. Here, we report the realization of robust trap effect, which can capture carriers and store them steadily, in two-dimensional MoS2xSe2(1-x)via synergistic effect of sulphur vacancies and isoelectronic selenium atoms. As a result, infrared detection with very high photoresponsivity (2.4 × 105 A W−1) and photoswitching ratio (~108), as well as nonvolatile infrared memory with high program/erase ratio (~108) and fast switching time, are achieved just based on an individual flake. This demonstration of defect engineering opens up an avenue for achieving high-performance infrared detector and memory.
Creating multiferroic and conductive domain walls in common ferroelastic compounds
Authors: Zhao Hong Jian , Íñiguez Jorge 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDomain walls in ferroelectrics and ferroelastics often present peculiar functional properties, offering an intriguing route toward the design of nano-devices. Here we use first-principles simulations to illustrate an approach for engineering such walls, working with representative ferroelastic perovskites LaGaO3 and CaTiO3 (insulating, non-magnetic, non-polar). We show that a wide range of substitutional dopants can be used to create long-range-ordered structures confined within the walls of these compounds, yielding functional interfaces with tailor-made properties. We thus identify clear-cut strategies to produce metallic walls within an insulating matrix. Further, we find ways to create magnetic walls that also display ferroelectric order (proper or improper), thus providing an original route to obtain magnetoelectric multiferroics. Given the recent developments on the preparation of high-density domain structures in perovskite films, our results suggest a definite path toward new functional nano-materials.