bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Cancer Burden Among Antiretroviral Therapy Users in Malawi: A Record Linkage Study of Observational Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohorts and Cancer Registry Data
Authors: Horner Marie-Josèphe , Chasimpha Steady , Spoerri Adrian , Edwards Jessie , Bohlius Julia , Tweya Hannock , Tembo Petros , Nkhambule Franklin , Phiri Eddie Moffo , Miller William C , Malisita Kennedy , Phiri Sam , Dzamalala Charles , Olshan Andrew F , Gopal Satish 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundWith antiretroviral therapy (ART), AIDS-defining cancer incidence has declined and non-AIDS–defining cancers (NADCs) are now more frequent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected populations in high-income countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, limited epidemiological data describe cancer burden among ART users.MethodsWe used probabilistic algorithms to link cases from the population-based cancer registry with electronic medical records supporting ART delivery in Malawi’s 2 largest HIV cohorts from 2000–2010. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates (IRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by cancer site, early vs late incidence periods (4–24 and >24 months after ART start), and World Health Organization (WHO) stage among naive ART initiators enrolled for at least 90 days.ResultsWe identified 4346 cancers among 28 576 persons. Most people initiated ART at advanced WHO stages 3 or 4 (60%); 12% of patients had prevalent malignancies at ART initiation, which were predominantly AIDS-defining eligibility criteria for initiating ART. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) had the highest IR (634.7 per 100 000 person-years) followed by cervical cancer (36.6). KS incidence was highest during the early period 4–24 months after ART initiation. NADCs accounted for 6% of new cancers.ConclusionsUnder historical ART guidelines, NADCs were observed at low rates and were eclipsed by high KS and cervical cancer burden. Cancer burden among Malawian ART users does not yet mirror that in high-income countries. Integrated cancer screening and management in HIV clinics, especially for KS and cervical cancer, remain important priorities in the current Malawi context.
Computational complexity versus statistical performance on sparse recovery problems
Authors: Roulet Vincent , Boumal Nicolas , d’Aspremont Alexandre 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We show that several classical quantities controlling compressed-sensing performance directly match classical parameters controlling algorithmic complexity. We first describe linearly convergent restart schemes on first-order methods solving a broad range of compressed-sensing problems, where sharpness at the optimum controls convergence speed. We show that for sparse recovery problems, this sharpness can be written as a condition number, given by the ratio between true signal sparsity and the largest signal size that can be recovered by the observation matrix. In a similar vein, Renegar’s condition number is a data-driven complexity measure for convex programmes, generalizing classical condition numbers for linear systems. We show that for a broad class of compressed-sensing problems, the worst case value of this algorithmic complexity measure taken over all signals matches the restricted singular value of the observation matrix which controls robust recovery performance. Overall, this means in both cases that, in compressed-sensing problems, a single parameter directly controls both computational complexity and recovery performance. Numerical experiments illustrate these points using several classical algorithms.
Automated Requests for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Ferretin Tests in Young Primary Care Patients with Anorexia as an Intervention to Improve Detection of Underlying Conditions
Authors: Salinas Maria , López-Garrigós Maite , Flores Emilio , Leiva-Salinas Carlos 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objective
To improve clinical laboratory contribution to the treatment of primary care patients with anorexia through automated computerized strategies.

Methods
We recorded the number of laboratory requests due to anorexia; the demographic data, laboratory values, and presence of pathological values for the applicable patients. In a prospective study, the laboratory information management system (LIMS) automatically added thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and/or ferritin testing when it was not requested by general practitioners for all primary care patients with anorexia who were younger than 16 years.

Results
A total of 3562 patients underwent laboratory testing due to anorexia, of whom 47% were younger than 16 years. The tests in which the results most frequently were abnormal were hemoglobin, ferritin, and TSH. TSH results were abnormal in 20% of patients younger than 16 years. Through the intervention, we detected 3 low ferritin values and 7 cases of pathological TSH levels.

Conclusions
The LIMS required TSH and ferritin testing in young patients even when not requested, potentially avoiding the adverse effects of iron deficiency and thyroid disorders on neurological development and cognition in those patients.
The Network Structure of Tobacco Withdrawal in a Community Sample of Smokers Treated With Nicotine Patch and Behavioral Counseling
Authors: Lydon-Staley David M , Schnoll Robert A , Hitsman Brian , Bassett Danielle S 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionNetwork theories of psychopathology highlight that, rather than being indicators of a latent disorder, symptoms of disorders can causally interact with one another in a network. This study examined tobacco withdrawal from a network perspective.MethodsParticipants (n = 525, 50.67% female) completed the Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale four times (2 weeks prior to a target quit day, on the target quit day, and 4 and 8 weeks after the target quit day) over the course of 8 weeks of treatment with nicotine patch and behavioral counseling within a randomized clinical trial testing long-term nicotine patch therapy in treatment-seeking smokers. The conditional dependence among seven withdrawal symptoms was estimated at each of the four measurement occasions. Influential symptoms of withdrawal were identified using centrality indices. Changes in network structure were examined using the Network Comparison Test.ResultsFindings indicated many associations among the individual symptoms of withdrawal. The strongest associations that emerged were between sleep problems and restlessness, and associations among affective symptoms. Restlessness and affective symptoms emerged as the most central symptoms in the withdrawal networks. Minimal differences in the structure of the withdrawal networks emerged across time.ConclusionsThe cooccurrence of withdrawal symptoms may result from interactions among symptoms of withdrawal rather than simply reflecting passive indicators of a latent disorder. Findings encourage greater consideration of individual withdrawal symptoms and their potential interactions and may be used to generate hypotheses that may be tested in future intensive longitudinal studies.ImplicationsThis study provides a novel, network perspective on tobacco withdrawal. Drawing on network theories of psychopathology, we suggest that the cooccurrence of withdrawal symptoms may result from interactions among symptoms of withdrawal over time, rather than simply reflecting passive indicators of a latent disorder. Results indicating many associations among individual symptoms of withdrawal are consistent with a network perspective. Other results of interest include minimal changes in the network structure of withdrawal across four measurement occasions prior to and during treatment with nicotine patch and behavioral counseling.
Holomorphic functions with distinguished properties on infinite dimensional spaces
Authors: Alves Thiago R , Botelho Geraldo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a method to construct holomorphic functions that exist only on infinite dimensional spaces. The following types of holomorphic functions f:U→ℂ on some open subsets U of an infinite dimensional complex Banach space are constructed: (1) f is bounded holomorphic on U and is continuously, but not uniformly continuously extended to U¯; (2) f is continuous on U¯ and holomorphic of bounded type on U, but f is unbounded on U; (3) f is holomorphic of bounded type on U and f cannot be continuously extended to U¯. The technique we develop is powerful enough to provide, in the cases (2) and (3) above, large algebraic structures formed by such functions (up to the zero function, of course).
Mortgage Dollar Roll
Authors: Song Zhaogang , Zhu Haoxiang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Mortgage dollar roll, the most common financing strategy for agency MBS, differs from repo in that the returned collateral can differ from those received. Also, MBS ownership changes hands in the funding period. We show that dollar roll “specialness,” how much implied financing rates fall below MBS repo rates, (1) increases in the value of the cheapest-to-deliver option, (2) decreases in the leverage of primary dealers, (3) decreases in prepayment risk exposure during the financing period, and (4) decreases in MBS returns. The Federal Reserve’s dollar roll sales in quantitative easing operations are associated with lower specialness.
Received February 3, 2016; editorial decision July 30, 2018 by Editor Itay Goldstein. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
COMPARISON OF ORGAN-BASED TUBE CURRENT MODULATION AND BISMUTH SHIELDING IN CHEST CT: EFFECT ON THE IMAGE QUALITY AND THE PATIENT DOSE
Authors: Kotiaho Antti , Manninen Anna-Leena , Nikkinen Juha , Nieminen Miika Tapio 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the absorbed doses and image quality of organ-based tube current modulation (OBTCM) and bismuth shielding of breasts and thyroid against regular tube current modulation in chest CT scan. An anthropomorphic phantom and MOSFET dosemeters were used to evaluate absorbed doses. Image quality was assessed from HU and noise. Relative to the reference scan, the average absorbed dose reduction with OBTCM was 5.2% and with bismuth shields 24.2%. Difference in HU values compared to the reference varied between −4.1 and 4.2 HU in OBTCM scan and between −22.2 and 118.6 HU with bismuth shields. Image noise levels varied between 10.0 to 26.3 HU in the reference scan, from 9.6 to 27.7 HU for the OBTCM scan and from 11.9 to 43.9 HU in the bismuth scan. The use of bismuth shields provided greatest dose reduction compared to the investigated OBTCM.
Financialization, financial development and investment. Evidence from European non-financial corporations
Authors: Tori Daniele , Onaran Özlem 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article provides estimations of the effects of different financial channels on physical investment in Europe using the balance sheets of publicly listed non-financial corporations (NFCs) for the period 1995–2015. The evidence suggests that both financial payments and financial income have an adverse effect on investment in fixed assets. The negative impacts of increasing financial income are non-linear with respect to company size: they crowd out investment in large companies, and have a positive effect on the investment of relatively smaller companies. Similar to the recent literature on finance-growth nexus, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between financial development and companies’ investment. However, in contrast to the existing literature, we also find that a higher degree of financial development in the country is associated with a stronger negative effect of financial income on investment.
Preference for Private Sector for Vaccination of Under-Five Children in India and Its Associated Factors: Findings from a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Sarveswaran Gokul , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Sakthivel Manikandanesan , Vijayakumar Karthiga , Priyan Shanthosh , Thekkur Pruthu , Chinnakali Palanivel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Understanding the factors associated with private sector preference for vaccination will help in understanding the barriers in seeking public facility and also the steps to improve public–private partnership (PPP) model.

Methods
We analysed the recent National Family Health Survey-4 data (NFHS-4; 2015–16) gathered from Demographic Health Survey programme. Stratification and clustering in the sample design was accounted using svyset command.

Results
Weighted proportion of children receiving private vaccination was 10.0% (95% CI: 9.7–10.3). Children belonging to highest wealth quantile (adjusted Prevalence ratio; aPR-1.58), male child (aPR-1.07) urban area (aPR-1.11), not receiving anganwadi/Integrated Childhood Development Services (aPR-1.71) and receiving antenatal care in private sector was significantly associated with higher proportion of private vaccination.

Conclusion
Current study showed that 1 in 10 <5 years child in India received vaccination from private health facility. Preference for private health facility was found to be influenced by higher socio-economic strata, urban area residence and seeking private health facility for antenatal and delivery services.
Maximizing operating room efficiency by effectively managing elective case cancellation
Authors: Hadeed Michael M. , Patel Vandan D. , Novicoff Wendy M. , Gwathmey Frank Winston 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Surgery cancellation and rescheduling affect efficiency and satisfaction, both critical aspects of the modern orthopaedic practice. The purpose of this study was to critically and comprehensively evaluate cancellations to define actionable ways to improve efficiency, with the goal to develop evidence-based, transparent rescheduling policies.

Methods:
A retrospective review was completed of all patients who were scheduled for elective surgery over 1 yr. Outcome measures included rate of cancellation, interval from time of cancellation to scheduled surgery date, risk factors for cancellation, re-schedule rate, re-cancellation rate, and risk factors for re-cancellation.

Results:
There were 7,215 elective surgeries, 13% of which were cancelled prior to surgery. Forty-four percent of surgeries were cancelled within 3 days of the surgery. Of those that were cancelled, 53% were rescheduled, 21% of which had cancelled again, which was significantly higher than the comparison group of first-time cancellations. Those that were cancelled without a correctable reason had significantly more re-cancellations and a lower procedure completion rate.

Conclusions:
When scheduling surgeries, it is more efficient to preference surgeries that have not been previously cancelled, and among previously cancelled surgeries to preference those with a correctable reason for cancellation. While not novel concepts, this study provides an evidence base for rescheduling policies, which can be made transparent for patients. Ultimately, this may improve efficiency as well as patient trust and satisfaction.
Ligature of the deep medial femoral circumflex artery decreases the incidence of transfusion in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Rodríguez Hugo A. , Fiorillo Alvaro A. , Monsalvo Daniel J. , Segura Omar 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with substantial blood loss during the surgical approach and the postoperative period. This causes a decrease in hemoglobin levels up to 5 g/dL, and blood transfusion rates that vary between 30% and 73%. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of blood transfusions in patients with or without ligature of the deep branch of the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) during THA.

Methods:
A randomized controlled trial of patients who underwent primary THA between January and October 2011 was conducted. Patients were randomly allocated to either ligature or no ligature of the deep branch of the MFCA. The number of units of red blood cells transfused and surgical time were defined as main outcomes. Differences between groups were assessed using Student’s t-test.

Results:
A total of 146 patients were analyzed. Artery ligation reduced the need for blood transfusion in 74% (P<0.001) of patients and was identified as a protective factor in 76% of the sample. A mean decrease in bleeding of 200 cc (P<0.001) and mean increase of 2 minutes (P=0.61) in surgical time were found in the ligature group. This difference in the total surgical time between the two groups was not significant.

Discussion:
Ligature of the deep branch of the MFCA decreases the need for blood transfusion without increasing the surgical time or the difficulty of the procedure. We recommend that surgeons include this step during a THA surgical approach.
Opioid Use Following Operatively Treated Pediatric Elbow and Femur Fractures
Authors: Meyer Zachary I. , Krucylak Paul , Mo Michelle , Miller Mark L. , Wall Lindley B. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Opioids are a commonly utilized component of pain management following pediatric extremity fractures, yet an increasing number of adolescents and children are falling victim to their negative effects. The purpose of this study was to examine opioid use in the pediatric fracture population by determining and comparing the average hospital opioid dosage utilized in the operative pediatric elbow and femur fractures and determining and comparing the average dose prescribed following operative treatment of elbow and femur fractures.

Methods:
All elbow and femur fractures treated operatively between January and December 2016 were identified. Patients aged 0 to 17 years with closed injuries who presented to the emergency department (ED) within 24 hours of injury and underwent operative treatment were included. Demographic information, opioid and nonopioid analgesic medication doses administered in the ED and while inpatient, and postdischarge prescription information were recorded. Opioid doses were converted to oral morphine equivalents.

Results:
In total, 91.9% and 78.1% of patients received opioids during the ED and inpatient periods, respectively. Only 30% of patients in either cohort received a nonopioid analgesic in the ED and only 44% received ibuprofen while inpatient. Average total opioid dose per hour of hospital stay was not significantly different between elbow fracture and femur fracture cohorts, which was unexpected. There was no significant difference between the average opioid dose or number of doses prescribed for postdischarge use between cohorts.

Conclusions:
This study provides data on average hospital opioid and nonopioid use following pediatric elbow and femur fractures. The results reveal inconsistent nonopioid analgesic use and similar hospital opioid use in elbow and femur fracture patients. This study provides baseline analgesic use data for future investigations.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Detection of Putative Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Blood Pressure Loci and Validation of Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in WBP1L and Hypertension in the Chinese Han Population
Authors: Zhang Huan , Mo Xingbo , Zhou Zhengyuan , Zhu Zhengbao , HuangFu Xinfeng , Guo Zhirong , Zhang Yonghong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:
We have performed a gene-based association study and detected several important blood pressure (BP)-associated genes. In this study, we explored functional variants in these genes by bioinformatics analysis and validated the associations between the functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and hypertension with public data and our in-house data of 857 cases and 927 controls. We found various functional variants in the BP-associated genes, including missense mutations and phosphorylation-related SNPs. Most of these SNPs were associated with expressions of the local genes. Some of these SNPs were associated with coronary artery disease or ischemic stroke. The associations between 12 functional SNPs in 7 genes and BP were validated (P < 5 × 10−7). The intronic SNP rs176185, which may influence promoter histone, enhancer histone, DNase and regulatory motifs and showed cis-eQTL effect on WBP1L, was associated with hypertension in the Chinese Han population (P = 0.0119). Our study detected plenty of potential functional SNPs in the BP-associated genes and demonstrated that rs176185 may be associated with hypertension in the Chinese Han population.
Pharmacokinetics of Daclatasvir, Sofosbuvir, and GS-331007 in a Prospective Cohort of Hepatitis C Virus–Positive Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Schrezenmeier Eva , Hoffmann Friederike , Jaeger Carsten , Schrezenmeier Jens , Lisec Jan , Glander Petra , Algharably Engi , Kreutz Reinhold , Budde Klemens , Duerr Michael , Halleck Fabian 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Limited data exist on the pharmacokinetic profile of novel direct-acting antivirals in kidney transplant recipients. Daclatasvir is primarily eliminated through the biliary route and sofosbuvir through the renal route; here, we report the pharmacokinetic profile of combined treatment with these compounds in a prospective study of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive kidney transplant recipients (EudraCT: 2014-004551-32).

Methods:
In this study, plasma samples of 16 HCV-positive kidney transplant recipients receiving daclatasvir and sofosbuvir were collected at 4 time points at days 1, 7, 14, 21, 56, and 84 after start of treatment. Inclusion criteria were stable graft function and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, and GS-331007 (inactive metabolite of sofosbuvir) plasma concentrations were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Results:
All patients showed a rapid virological response with HCV RNA below the detection limit 21 days after the start of therapy (medium time to viral clearance). No difference of the areas under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, and GS-331007 was observed between patients with an eGFR below or ≥60 mL/min. For GS-331007, no relevant changes of trough levels were observed over time. Mean GS-331007 trough levels were 339.5 ± 174.9 ng/mL in patients with an eGFR ≥60 mL/min and 404.3 ± 226 ng/mL in patients with an eGFR <60 mL/min at day 7 (P = 0.52). At day 84, GS-331007 trough levels were 357.8 ± 200.8 and 404.2 ± 70.2 ng/mL in patients with an eGFR ≥60 mL/min and in patients with an eGFR <60 mL/min, respectively (P = 0.51). The accumulation ratios of renally eliminated GS-331007 for AUC and Cmax did not significantly differ between the 2 eGFR groups at day 7.

Conclusions:
An impaired eGFR (30–60 mL/min) does not lead to a dose accumulation of daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, and GS-331007. This study provides the rationale for future studies investigating the pharmacokinetic profile of sofosbuvir-based HCV treatment in kidney transplant recipients with an eGFR <30 mL/min.