bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of Ultrastable Porous Aromatic Frameworks by Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction for Adsorption Removal of Organic Dyes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Sun Jin‐Shi , Sun Fuxing , Chen Peng , Liu Jia , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPorous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) with robust structure, high stability, and high surface area have attracted intense interest from scientists in diverse fields. However, there are still very few reports on the adsorption of organic dyes by PAFs. In this work, four new PAFs have been facilely synthesized by the polymerization of a tetrahedral‐shaped (four‐node) monomer with a series of three‐node monomers through Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. All the obtained materials possess hierarchical porous structures and show high thermal and chemical stability. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of these PAFs were determined to be 857 m2 g−1 for PAF‐111, 526 m2 g−1 for PAF‐112A, 725 m2 g−1 for PAF‐112B, and 598 m2 g−1 for PAF‐113. Rhodamine B was selected as a model organic dye to test the adsorption capacities of the obtained PAF materials. PAF‐111 showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 1666 mg g−1 (167 wt %) for Rhodamine B, which is among the highest values reported to date for porous organic materials. It is noteworthy that PAF‐111 could be reused in at least ten cycles under the adsorption conditions without any loss of adsorption capacity. Our study has revealed the great potential and advantages of PAFs as ultrastable adsorption materials for the removal of organic dyes.
Tuning the Reactivities of the Heteronuclear [AlnV3−nO7−n]+ (n=1, 2) Cluster Oxides towards Methane by Varying the Composition of the Metal Centers
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Sun Xiaoyan , Yue Lei , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe thermal gas‐phase reactions of [Al2VO5]+ and [AlV2O6]+ with methane have been explored by using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. Both cluster ions chemisorbed methane as the major reaction channels at room temperature. [Al2VO5]+ could break only one C−H bond to liberate CH3, whereas [AlV2O6]+ exhibited higher oxidizing ability such that it brings about the selective generation of formaldehyde. Mechanistic aspects are revealed and the crucial roles of the metal centers are discussed.
A consistent estimator for logistic mixed effect models
Authors: Wei Yizheng , Ma Yanyuan , Garcia Tanya P. , Sinha Samiran 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe propose a consistent and locally efficient method of estimating the model parameters of a logistic mixed effect model with random slopes. Our approach relaxes two typical assumptions: the random effects being normally distributed, and the covariates and random effects being independent of each other. Adhering to these assumptions is particularly difficult in health studies where, in many cases, we have limited resources to design experiments and gather data in long‐term studies, while new findings from other fields might emerge, suggesting the violation of such assumptions. So it is crucial to have an estimator that is robust to such violations; then we could make better use of current data harvested using various valuable resources. Our method generalizes the framework presented in Garcia & Ma (2016) which also deals with a logistic mixed effect model but only considers a random intercept. A simulation study reveals that our proposed estimator remains consistent even when the independence and normality assumptions are violated. This contrasts favourably with the traditional maximum likelihood estimator which is likely to be inconsistent when there is dependence between the covariates and random effects. Application of this work to a study of Huntington's disease reveals that disease diagnosis can be enhanced using assessments of cognitive performance. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 140–156; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Electrochemical Formation of Fe(IV)=O Derived from H2O2 on a Hematite Electrode as an Active Catalytic Site for Selective Hydrocarbon Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Kamiya Kazuhide , Kuwabara Akito , Harada Takashi , Nakanishi Shuji 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe high‐valence iron species (Fe(IV)=O) in the cytochrome P450 enzyme superfamily is generated via the activation of O2, and serves as the active center of selective hydrocarbon oxidation reactions. Furthermore, P450 can employ an alternate route to produce Fe(IV)=O, even from H2O2 without O2 activation. Meanwhile, Fe(IV)=O has recently been revealed to be the reactive intermediate during H2O oxidation to O2 on hematite electrodes. Herein, we demonstrated the generation of Fe(IV)=O on hematite electrodes during the electrochemical oxidative decomposition of H2O2 using in situ UV‐visible absorption spectra. The generation of Fe(IV)=O on hematite electrodes from H2O2 exhibited 100 mV lower overpotential than that from H2O. This is because H2O2 serves not only as the oxygen source of Fe(IV)=O, but also as the additional oxidant. Finally, we confirmed that the Fe(IV)=O generated on hematite electrodes can serve as the catalytic site for styrene epoxidation reactions.
Real‐time removal of impulse noise from MR images for radiosurgery applications
Authors: HosseinKhani Zohreh , Hajabdollahi Mohsen , Karimi Nader , Najarian Kayvan , Emami Ali , Shirani Shahram , Samavi Shadrokh , Soroushmehr Sayed Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn the recent years, image processing techniques are used as a tool to improve detection and diagnostic capabilities in the medical applications. Among these techniques, medical image enhancement algorithms play an essential role in the removal of the noise, which can be produced by medical instruments and during image transfer. Impulse noise is a major type of noise, which is produced by medical imaging systems, such as MRI, computed tomography (CT), and angiography instruments. An embeddable hardware module, which can denoise medical images before and during surgical operations, could be very helpful. In this paper, an accurate algorithm is proposed for real‐time removal of impulse noise in medical images. Our algorithm categorizes all image blocks into three types of edge, smooth, and disordered areas. A different reconstruction method is applied to each category of blocks for noise removal. The proposed method is tested on MR images. Simulation results show acceptable denoising accuracy for various levels of noise. Also, an field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of our denoising algorithm shows acceptable hardware resource utilization. Hence, the algorithm is suitable for embedding in medical hardware instruments such as radiosurgery devices.
Detox shampoos for EtG and FAEE in hair – Results from in vitro experiments
Authors: Luginbühl Marc , Bekaert Britt , Suesse Silke , Weinmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe assessment of alcohol consumption behavior in hair is well established in forensic toxicology. The Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) recommends the direct alcohol markers ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) for the detection of past alcohol consumption. In this study, we investigated if detox shampoos which are sold online can have an impact on EtG or FAEE concentrations in hair. According to customer reviews, positive drug testing results could be avoided after long‐term incubation with shampoo under a swimming cap. To evaluate the potential of four detox shampoos, we incubated distal hair samples from three subjects, obtained during a standard haircut, for 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 hours. For EtG, three shampoos performed similar to deionized water. The fourth shampoo showed additional heavy washout effects with a decrease of up to 86% after 2.5 hours. For the apolar FAEE, no washout was observed. Incubation with two shampoos resulted in increases in FAEE concentrations due to FAEE being present as shampoo ingredients. Further investigation of EtG washout in proximal forensic hair samples (n = 9) with the most potent shampoo showed a mean decrease in deionized water of 23% ± 25%, and a decrease by the use of detox shampoo of 73% ± 12%, compared to non‐incubated hair after 8 hours. In conclusion, detox shampoos proved to have the potential to alter EtG and FAEE concentrations in hair during in vitro experiments.
Nonlinear response of ecosystem respiration to multiple levels of temperature increases
Authors: Chen Ning , Zhu Juntao , Zhang Yangjian , Liu Yaojie , Li Junxiang , Zu Jiaxing , Huang Ke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlobal warming exerts profound impacts on terrestrial carbon cycles and feedback to climates. Ecosystem respiration (ER) is one of the main components of biosphere CO2 fluxes. However, knowledge regarding how ER responds to warming is still lacking. In this study, a manipulative experiment with five simulated temperature increases (+0℃ [Control], +2.1℃ [warming 1, W1], +2.7℃ [warming 2, W2], +3.2℃ [warming 3, W3], +3.9℃ [warming 4, W4]) was conducted to investigate ER responses to warming in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that ER was suppressed by warming both in dry and wet years. The responses of ER to warming all followed a nonlinear pattern. The nonlinear processes can be divided into three stages, the quick‐response stage (W1), stable stage (W1–W3), and transition stage (W4). Compared with the nonlinear model, the linear model maximally overestimated the response ratios of ER to warming 2.2% and 3.2% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, and maximally underestimated the ratio 7.0% and 2.7%. The annual differences in ER responding to warming were mainly attributed to the distinct seasonal distribution of precipitation. Specially, we found that the abrupt shift response of ER to warming under W4 treatment in 2015, which might be regulated by the excitatory effect of precipitation after long‐term drought in the mid‐growing season. This study highlights the importance of the nonlinearity of warming effects on ER, which should be taken into the global‐C‐cycling models for better predicting future carbon–climate feedbacks.
Seed germination and seedling growth of five desert plants and their relevance to vegetation restoration
Authors: Lai Liming , Chen Lijun , Zheng Mingqing , Jiang Lianhe , Zhou Jihua , Zheng Yuanrun , Shimizu Hideyuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDue to significant decreases in precipitation in northern China, knowledge of the response of seed germination and plant growth characteristics to key limiting factors is essential for vegetation restoration. We examined seed germination under different temperatures and water potentials, and we examined seedling growth under different amounts of water supply. Experiments were carried out in automatic temperature‐, humidity‐, and light‐controlled growth chambers. Under low water potentials, the final germination percentages of four herbaceous species were high, while seed germination of the shrub species Caragana microphylla was significantly inhibited. Under the different water supply amounts, seedlings of Agropyron cristatum allocated more biomass to the root and had a higher growth rate than those of Elymus dahuricus and C. microphylla. In light of these results and drier environmental conditions (annual mean precipitation is 366 mm, which falling mainly between June and August), potential selections for revegetation of different landscapes include the following: A. cristatum for shifting sand dunes, the establishment of the pioneer species Agriophyllum squarrosum, C. microphylla for semifixed sand dunes, E. dahuricus for fixed sand dunes, and Melilotus suaveolens and Medicago sativa for cultivation.
Tree‐ring stable isotopes show different ecophysiological strategies in native and invasive woody species of a semiarid riparian ecosystem in the Great Plains of the United States
Authors: Awada Tala , Skolaut Kristen , Battipaglia Giovanna , Saurer Matthias , Riveros‐Iregui Diego A. , Schapaugh Adam , Huddle Julie , Zhou Xinhua , Martin Derrell , Cherubini Paolo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPersistent shifts in riparian vegetation associated with the invasion of introduced Elaeagnus angustifolia and native nonriparian Juniperus virginiana have been reported in the U.S. Great Plains, with significant impacts on ecosystem services. In Nebraska, these species have been expanding into the native Populus deltoides riparian forests along the Republican River. Using dendrochronological data and stable isotope ratios, we examined the annual growth and acclimation strategies of these three species to climatic and streamflow variability. We hypothesized that the ability of invasive species to grow under a wide range of environmental conditions favour vegetation shifts at the expense of native species. Streamflow was the strongest predictor for performance. When accompanied with above‐average annual precipitation, streamflow resulted in peak tree‐ring widths in P. deltoides. J. virginiana showed less sensitivity, and E. angustifolia showed no response. δ18O values did not differ among species, which indicates that all species compete for the same water source. δ13C ratios and WUEi were higher in J. virginiana than in P. deltoides and E. angustifolia and increased in all species over time. E. angustifolia and P. deltoides exhibit a strong stomatal control and response to relative humidity relative to J. virginiana, which showed anisohydric stomatal behaviour. Our results show that once established, J. virginiana and E. angustifolia thrive in the understory of P. deltoides using different adaptive and acclimation strategies. Based on current water flow management, which prevents high‐flood pulses through the riparian zone, these species will continue to establish and spread throughout the Republican River watershed.
Effects of street lighting technologies on the success and quality of pollination in a nocturnally pollinated plant
Authors: Macgregor Callum J. , Pocock Michael J. O. , Fox Richard , Evans Darren M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractArtificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasingly important driver of global change. Lighting directly affects plants, but few studies have investigated indirect effects mediated by interacting organisms. Nocturnal Lepidoptera are globally important pollinators, and pollen transport by moths is disrupted by lighting. Many street lighting systems are being replaced with novel, energy‐efficient lighting, with unknown ecological consequences. Using the wildflower Silene latifolia, we compared pollination success and quality at experimentally lit and unlit plots, testing two major changes to street lighting technology: in lamp type, from high‐pressure sodium lamps to light‐emitting diodes, and in lighting regime, from full‐night (FN) to part‐night (PN) lighting. We predicted that lighting would reduce pollination. S. latifolia was pollinated both diurnally and nocturnally. Contrary to our predictions, flowers under FN lighting had higher pollination success than flowers under either PN lighting or unlit controls, which did not significantly differ from each other. Lamp type, lighting regime, and distance from the light all significantly affected aspects of pollination quality. These results confirm that street lighting could affect plant reproduction through indirect effects mediated by nocturnal insects, and further highlight the possibility for novel lighting technologies to mitigate the effects of ALAN on ecosystems.
Designing and implementing an outpatient management pathway for patients with newly diagnosed insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sandberg Elizabeth S. , Estrada Elizabeth , Jain Nina , McDevitt Michelle , Bogardus Christina , Cooper Katherine , Walsh‐Kelly Christine 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveRecently, our team transitioned to an outpatient diabetes education model for patients with newly diagnosed insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) after concerns arose regarding inconsistent education provided in the hospital, as well as additional emotional stress attributed to hospitalization. To optimize this model, an improvement initiative was implemented to redesign the outpatient care processes, refine patient education content and identify ideal educational strategies. Specific aims were to (a) achieve family self‐management, (b) reduce stress and (c) ensure family and provider satisfaction with the outpatient pathway.Research design and methodsUsing a multidisciplinary team and formal quality improvement (QI) methods, we redesigned content and format of the pathway based on results from key measures and Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) cycles. Primary outcome measures included self‐efficacy, stress and satisfaction.ResultsWe achieved our goal self‐management skills, while maintaining high satisfaction for patients and providers throughout the implementation and refinement of the pathway. Key pathway components include refined education content, interactive educational tools and close collaboration with social work. Multiple PDSA cycles and pathway modifications were completed, including early social work involvement and simplification of education resources; however, we found modifying the stress experienced by parents to be a challenge. The majority of the stress relates to factors that are difficult to modify, specifically emotional burden and interpersonal distress, and is rarely attributed to regimen‐ or physician‐related distress.ConclusionDuring the transition to an outpatient pathway, we achieved our satisfaction and self‐management goals but were unsuccessful in achieving our goals for minimizing stress associated with a new diagnosis of a chronic illness.
Occurrence of severe hypoglycaemic events among US youth and young adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
Authors: Saydah Sharon , Imperatore Giuseppina , Divers Jasmin , Bell Ronny , Henkin Leora , Mayer‐Davis Elizabeth , Zhong Victor W. , Dabelea Dana , Lawrence Jean M. , Pihoker Catherine 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveAlthough severe hypoglycaemia (SH) can lead to adverse health outcomes, little is known about its occurrence and re‐occurrence among youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis study included 2740 participants aged <20 years at diabetes diagnosis and 5‐14 years diabetes duration from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Cohort Study. Participants reported SH events in the past 6 months. Differences in SH events by demographic and clinical factors were tested using logistic regression models.ResultsSevere hypoglycaemia in the past 6 months was more common among youth with type 1 (7.0%, 168 of 2399) than with type 2 diabetes (2.6%, nine of 341) (P < 0.002). The median number of SH events per youth who had at least one SH event in the past 6 months was 1 for both type 1 type 2 diabetes. For youth with type 1 diabetes, those who reported SH events were older, were more likely to have obesity or to be physically active, and had lower HbA1c. After adjustments, one unit increase in HbA1c was associated with 16% lower likelihood (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75, 0.94) and being physically active was associated with an 87% higher likelihood (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.23, 2.86) of reporting a SH event. There were too few SH events among youth with type 2 diabetes to analyse further.ConclusionsIn youth with diabetes, SH was common even within a short 6‐month window. Better understanding the causes of SH may help prevent them from occurring.
Haemodynamic profiles in adult Fontan patients: associated haemodynamics and prognosis
Authors: Miranda William R. , Borlaug Barry A. , Hagler Donald J. , Connolly Heidi M. , Egbe Alexander C. 
Published: January 2019

AimsThe Fontan operation is associated with significant long‐term morbidity and mortality, posing challenges in management. No haemodynamic classification has been established to aid management and prognostication of patients with Fontan palliation. Our aim was to assess haemodynamic profiles for Fontan patients and evaluate their relationships to prognosis.Methods and resultsEighty‐four adult Fontan patients without obstruction or significant valve disease undergoing cardiac catheterization for Fontan‐related co‐morbidities were divided into four different haemodynamic profiles based on normal/high Fontan pressures (FP) (< 15 or ≥ 15 mmHg) and low/normal cardiac index (CI) (< 2.5 or ≥ 2.5 L/min/m2). Fourteen patients had low CI/high FP (17%), 24 low CI/normal FP (29%), 20 normal CI/high FP (24%), and 26 normal CI/normal FP (31%). Demographic and clinical data were similar among groups except for a trend towards a higher prevalence of cirrhosis in the normal CI/high FP (50%) group. Systemic vascular afterload, assessed by systemic vascular resistance and effective arterial elastance, was higher in patients with low CI/high FP and low CI/normal FP as compared to normal CI profiles. Pulmonary vascular resistance indices were higher in patients with low CI/high FP than all other profiles. The normal CI/high FP haemodynamic profile was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 4.1, 95% confidence interval 1.2–11.5). Heterotaxy and protein‐losing enteropathy were also predictors of mortality on the multivariate model.ConclusionThe proposed haemodynamic classification provides prognostic information in adults post‐Fontan with patients in the normal CI/high FP profile having worse survival. Whether this classification can guide management in these patients deserves further investigation.
Optimization of Solution Condition for an Effective Electrochemical Reduction of N2O
Authors: Kwon Oh Sung , Baek Seungyeon , Kim Hyeonsu , Choi Insoo , Kwon Oh Joong , Kim Jae Jeong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn effective electrochemical reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) is established by controlling solution compositions in this study. N2O was electrochemically reduced varying solvent composition and supporting electrolytes (K2SO4 and Na2SO4) concentrations. The differences in reduction current density and solution resistance were analyzed via linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively, depending on solution conditions. UV‐Vis spectroscopy was adopted to measure the solubility of N2O. As a result, among the conditions investigated in this study, 300 mM of K2SO4 and aqueous based solution were revealed as an optimum condition for the electrochemical N2O reduction. At 300 mM of K2SO4, the highest current density was obtained due to a high conductance of the electrolyte and a moderate solubility of N2O.
Selective detection of cytochrome C by microchip electrophoresis based on an aptamer strategy
Authors: Zhu Luqi , Luo Feifei , Li Zhi , Dai Ge , He Pingang , Wang Qingjiang , Chen Qiming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe release of cytochrome C (Cyt C) plays an important role in apoptosis. In this study, selective and sensitive detection of Cyt C based on an aptamer strategy coupled with MCE was developed. Following the binding of a specific aptamer to Cyt C, the aptamer exhibited an irregular state, reducing the binding affinity of a fluorescent probe, and thus preventing the aptamer‐Cyt C complexes from detection within the MCE. The height of the detection peak of the residual aptamer linearly decreased, and therefore, the difference in peak height of residual aptamer compared to that of the initial aptamer was used to quantify the captured protein concentration. Experimental conditions such as incubation time, pH, temperature, and ionic strength were optimized. A measurement of Cyt C concentration by MCE was achieved within 135 s, with a limit of detection as low as 0.4 nM. The proposed method has high selectivity and good stability for the detection of Cyt C. The experimental results demonstrate that this method is quick, consumes only a small quantity of sample, is highly selectivity and exhibits high sensitivity.