bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of SQ house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy‐tablet in Japanese children
Authors: Masuyama Keisuke , Okamoto Yoshitaka , Okamiya Kazuhiro , Azuma Ryuji , Fujinami Toshiaki , Riis Bente , Ohashi‐Doi Katsuyo , Natsui Kensuke , Imai Toru , Okubo Kimihiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe SQ house dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)‐tablet (TO‐203, Torii, Japan/ALK, Denmark) treatment has been effective against respiratory allergic diseases in patients aged ≥12 years during European, Japanese, and North American trials. This trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of this treatment in Japanese children (5‐17 years) with moderate‐to‐severe HDM allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 458 Japanese children were randomly assigned to a daily SQ HDM SLIT‐tablet [10 000 Japanese Allergy Unit (JAU), equivalent to 6 SQ‐HDM in Europe and the US] or placebo (1:1) treatment for 1 year. Inclusion required an AR symptom score of ≥7 on at least 7 days during a 14‐day run‐in period while symptomatic treatment was withdrawn. The primary endpoint was the total combined rhinitis score (TCRS) comprising AR symptom and medication scores during the last 8 weeks of the treatment period.ResultsThe analysis of primary endpoint demonstrated statistically significant absolute reduction in TCRS of 1.22 with a relative difference of 23% (95% confidence interval, 14% to 31%) in the 10 000 JAU compared with placebo. Predefined stratified analyses revealed the same degree of efficacy of 1.11 (P = 0.002), 21% (8% to 32%) and 1.36 (P = 0.001), 26% (11% to 38%), respectively, in pediatric (5‐11 years) and adolescent subjects (12‐17 years). The treatment was well tolerated by both pediatric and adolescent subjects.ConclusionThis trial, for the first time, demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the HDM SLIT‐tablet in pediatric patients with moderate‐to‐severe HDM AR (JapicCTI‐152953).
Hyper‐IgE in the allergy clinic––when is it primary immunodeficiency?
Authors: Ponsford Mark J. , Klocperk Adam , Pulvirenti Federica , Dalm Virgil A. S. H. , Milota Tomas , Cinetto Francesco , Chovancova Zita , Rial Manuel J. , Sediva Anna , Litzman Jiri , Agostini Carlo , van Hagen Martin , Quinti Isabella , Jolles Stephen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe 2017 International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) classification recognizes 3 hyper‐IgE syndromes (HIES), including the prototypic Job's syndrome (autosomal dominant STAT3‐loss of function) and autosomal recessive PGM3 and SPINK5 syndromes. Early diagnosis of PID can direct life‐saving or transformational interventions; however, it remains challenging owing to the rarity of these conditions. This can result in diagnostic delay and worsen prognosis. Within increasing access to “clinical‐exome” testing, clinicians need to be aware of the implication and rationale for genetic testing, including the benefits and limitations of current therapies. Extreme elevation of serum IgE has been associated with a growing number of PID syndromes including the novel CARD11 and ZNF341 deficiencies. Variable elevations in IgE are associated with defects in innate, humoral, cellular and combined immunodeficiency syndromes. Barrier compromise can closely phenocopy these conditions. The aim of this article was to update readers on recent developments at this important interface between allergy and immunodeficiency, highlighting key clinical scenarios which should draw attention to possible immunodeficiency associated with extreme elevation of IgE, and outline initial laboratory assessment and management.
Strategic response: A key to understand how cheap talk works
Authors: Bergeron Stephane , Doyon Maurice , Muller Laurent 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExperimental protocols testing the effectiveness of cheap talk are numerous but have generated conflicting results. The theoretical interpretation of hypothetical bias as a strategic response according to the perceived consequence could be the missing key to understand these opposite results from the literature. Increasing evidence suggests that this bias rises from subjects’ perception of how stated preferences surveys will be used; some subjects believing that stated valuations can impact the price of the good, while others that it will influence its provision. Subjects strategically respond by adjusting their declared values accordingly. This paper reports experimental findings supporting the presence of strategic response, showing that cheap talk operates by mitigating these behaviors and potentially explaining cheap talk's heterogeneous results.
Initial rewarding effects of cocaine and amphetamine assessed in a day using the single‐exposure place preference protocol
Authors: Runegaard Annika H. , Jensen Kathrine Louise , Wörtwein Gitta , Gether Ulrik 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn rodents, only a single dose of cocaine or amphetamine is required to cause a marked increase in extracellular dopamine, induce hyperlocomotion and cause persistent plasticity changes within dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The initial drug experience is suggested to predict vulnerability of developing addiction, but only few studies have assessed the perception of reward accompanying this initial exposure. We recently presented an approach to assess the initial rewarding effects of cocaine in mice with a single‐exposure place preference (sePP) protocol, avoiding repeated drug injections. Here, we demonstrate a condensed version of the sePP, allowing assessment of initial subjective reward‐perception within a day. By using this protocol, we demonstrate that a single exposure to both cocaine and amphetamine is sufficient to induce place preference. Furthermore, we use chemogenetics ( Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs [DREADD]) to show that both inhibitory and stimulatory modulation of VTA DA signalling disrupts cocaine‐induced place preference in the condensed sePP. Our findings support the presence of initial reward‐perception of both cocaine and amphetamine, and the formation of drug‐context association. In addition, our data support that VTA DA signalling prior to drug exposure affects either reward‐perception or the time during which associations are formed, thereby preventing induction of cocaine‐induced place preference in the sePP. The easy and timesaving sePP protocol should form a critical basis for further deciphering the complex mechanisms underlying the progression from the initial drug experience to escalating drug intake and addiction.
Manipulating badges of status only fools strangers
Authors: Chaine Alexis S. , Shizuka Daizaburo , Block Theadora A. , Zhang Lynn , Lyon Bruce E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConflict is risky, but mechanisms that allow animals to assess dominance status without aggression can reduce such costs. Two different mechanisms of competitor assessment are expected to evolve in different contexts: badges of status are expected in larger, anonymous groups, whereas individual recognition is feasible in small, stable groups. However, both mechanisms may be important when social interactions occur both within and across stable social groups. We manipulated plumage in golden‐crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla) and found that two known badges of status – gold and black head plumage patch sizes – independently affect dominance among strangers but manipulations had no effect on dominance among familiar flockmates. Moreover, familiar flockmates showed less aggression and increased foraging relative to strangers. Our study provides clear experimental evidence that social recognition affects badge function, and suggests that variation in social contexts maintains coexistence and context‐dependent use of these two dominance resolution mechanisms.
Perampanel in patients with refractory and super‐refractory status epilepticus in a neurological intensive care unit: A single‐center audit of 30 patients
Authors: Rohracher Alexandra , Kalss Gudrun , Neuray Caroline , Höfler Julia , Dobesberger Judith , Kuchukhidze Giorgi , Kreidenhuber Rudolf , Florea Cristina , Thomschewski Aljoscha , Novak Helmut F. , Pilz Georg , Leitinger Markus , Trinka Eugen 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn refractory status epilepticus (SE), γ‐aminobutyric acidergic drugs become less effective and glutamate plays a major role in seizure perpetuation. Data on the efficacy of perampanel (PER) in treatment of refractory SE in humans are limited. Here, we present a single‐center case series of patients with refractory SE who received PER orally in an intensive care unit. We retrospectively analyzed treatment response, outcome, and adverse effects of all patients with refractory SE in our Neurological Intensive Care Unit who received add‐on PER between September 2012 and February 2018. Thirty patients with refractory SE (median = 72 years, range = 18‐91, 77% women) were included. In 14 patients (47%), a high‐dose approach was used, with a median initial dose of 24 mg (range = 16‐32). In five patients (17%), SE could be terminated after PER administration (median dose = 6 mg, range = 6‐20 mg, 2/5 patients in high‐dose group). Clinical response was observed after a median of 24 hours (range = 8‐48 hours), whereas electroencephalogram resolved after a median of 60 hours (range = 12‐72 hours). Time to treatment response tended to be shorter in patients receiving high‐dose PER (median clinical response = 16 hours vs 18 hours; electroencephalographic response = 24 hours vs 72 hours), but groups were too small for statistical analysis. Continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring showed no changes in cardiorespiratory function after “standard” and “high‐dose” treatment. Elevated liver enzymes without clinical symptoms were observed after a median of 6 days in seven of 30 patients (23%; 57% high dose vs 43% standard dose), of whom six also received treatment with phenytoin (PHT). Outcome was unfavorable (death, persistent vegetative state) in 13 patients (43%; 39% high dose vs 61% standard dose), and good recovery (no significant disability, moderate disability) was achieved in nine patients (56% high dose vs 44% standard dose). Oral PER in loading doses up to 32 mg were well tolerated but could terminate SE only in a few patients (5/30; 17%). Long duration of SE, route of administration, and severe underlying brain dysfunction might be responsible for the modest result. An intravenous formulation is highly desired to explore the full clinical utility in the treatment of refractory SE.
Use of cross-sector apprenticeships in pharmacy: is it a sustainable quality education model for pharmacy assistants?
Authors: Jones Christian E L , McEwen-Smith Laura , Fidler Liz , Schafheutle Ellen I 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To establish whether undertaking cross-sector pharmacy apprenticeship training to become a pharmacy assistant equally split across the two main pharmacy sectors improves training experience and cross-sector understanding.

Methods
A mixed method approach was utilised to explore the experiences of 10 pharmacy apprentices, their employers and education provider. Questionnaires were used to explore apprentices’ experiences and views following each 6-month placement. Seven pharmacy employers and the education provider were invited to take part in telephone interviews. Questionnaires were analysed using simple frequencies; qualitative data were analysed thematically.

Key findings
Ten apprentices were recruited, and nine apprentices returned questionnaires from at least one placement. Three hospital-based employers, four community employers and one education provider were interviewed. All participants had found the pilot positive and the cross-sector training to have been a useful experience. Employers noted that the pilot provided the apprentice with valuable insight into the patient’s journey and the opportunity to share learning across sectors. Employers also commented that more information regarding the nature of the training would have been useful to help better structure the placement for the apprentice.

Conclusions
This paper explores the benefits and challenges of employing a pharmacy apprentice and utilising a novel cross-sector training model. Findings have potential relevance to the training of other pharmacy staff, including pharmacy technicians and pharmacists. They offer early insights into the potential value of pharmacy apprenticeships for training pharmacy assistants, particularly if these are set up across the two main sectors hospital and community pharmacy.
Human immunodeficiency virus‐infected young people in Australia: data from the Australian HIV Observational Database
Authors: Hughes Carly , Puhr Rainer , Ojaimi Samar , Petoumenos Kathy , Bartlett Adam W. , Templeton David J. , O'Connor Catherine C. , Gunathilake Manoji , Woolley Ian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals aged 13–24 years undergo vast physical, cognitive, social and psychological changes. Australian data regarding clinical outcomes of those diagnosed with HIV in this age are sparse.AimWe aimed to describe demographic factors, virologic and clinical outcomes of individuals aged 13–24 years diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).MethodsPatients diagnosed with HIV after 1997 in the Australian HIV Observational Database were divided into young adults, diagnosed at age <25 years (n = 223), and older adults (n = 1957). Demographic and clinical factors were compared between groups.ResultsYoung adults had a median age at diagnosis of 22 years (inter quartile range (IQR) 20–24) and median age at treatment initiation of 24 years (IQR 22–26). They were more likely to be female than the older cohort (21.1 vs 10.8%; P < 0.001). Men who have sex with men was the most common exposure category in both groups. CD4 count at diagnosis was significantly higher in younger than older adults (median 460 vs 400 cells/mm3, P = 0.006), whereas HIV viral load at diagnosis was lower (35 400 vs 61 659 copies/mL, P = 0.011). The rate of loss to follow up (LTFU) was higher in young adults (8.0 vs 4.3 per 100PY, P < 0.001). Young adults were more likely to have a treatment interruption compared to older adults (5.3 vs 4.0 per 100PY, P = 0.039). Rates of treatment switch, time to treatment change, and CD4 and viral load responses to treatment were similar between groups.ConclusionsYoung adults were diagnosed with HIV at higher CD4 counts and lower viral loads than their older counterparts. LTFU and treatment interruption were more common highlighting the need for extra efforts directed towards retention in care and education regarding the risks of treatment interruptions.
Substantial variation exists in spirometry interpretation practices for airflow obstruction in accredited lung function laboratories across Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Holt Nicolette R. , Thompson Bruce R. , Miller Belinda , Borg Brigitte M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSpirometry forms the foundation investigation for the diagnosis and monitoring of common pulmonary conditions. However, potential variation in spirometry interpretation for airflow obstruction may impact subsequent clinical management.AimTo audit spirometry interpretation practices for airflow obstruction in Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand accredited laboratories.MethodsThirty‐nine accredited complex lung function laboratories were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey enquired about demographics, definition of lower limit of normal range for spirometry parameters, spirometric parameters used for identifying airflow obstruction, spirometric definition of airflow obstruction, definition of significant bronchodilator response and chosen spirometry reference equations.ResultsThirty‐six laboratories provided complete responses (response rate, 92%). To define the lower limit of normal, 26 of 36 used the 5th percentile, 7 of 36 used a fixed cut‐off and 3 used other. Twenty‐nine laboratories utilised forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) as the sole parameter to identify airflow obstruction, 3 of 36 used FEV1/FVC and FEF25–75%, and 4 used other. To define airflow obstruction, 25 of 36 laboratories used FEV1/FVC < 5th percentile, 9 of 36 used a fixed cut‐off (FEV1/FVC < 0.7, 6/36; FEV1/FVC < 0.8, 2/36; FEV1/FVC < 0.75, 1/36) and 2 of 36 used other. Twenty‐six laboratories defined a significant bronchodilator response as an increase of at least 200 mL and 12% in FEV1 and/or FVC, 9 of 36 used ≥200 mL and ≥ 12% increase in FEV1 only, and 1 used other criteria. Reference equations utilised for interpretation of spirometry data included: Quanjer 2012 Global Lung Initiative (16/36), the third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (8/36), European Community of Coal and Steel (8/36) and other (4/36).ConclusionsSignificant heterogeneity in spirometry interpretation for airflow obstruction exists across Australian and New Zealand accredited lung function laboratories. Lack of standardisation may translate into clinically appreciable differences for the diagnosis and management of common respiratory conditions. Ongoing discussion regarding formal standardisation is required.
Exploring resident thriving in relation to the nursing home environment: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Björk Sabine , Lindkvist Marie , Lövheim Hugo , Bergland Ådel , Wimo Anders , Edvardsson David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo explore the extent to which environmental factors are associated with resident thriving.BackgroundThriving is a concept that denotes experiences of well‐being in relation to the living environment. Although there is a substantial body of research into quality of life in nursing homes, less is known about what contributes to thriving among residents. Recent research on resident thriving has focused mainly on resident characteristics and activities associated with thriving. Less attention has been given to explore associations with the physical and psychosocial environment of the nursing home. This study explores facility‐ and unit‐level factors associated with resident thriving.DesignA cross‐sectional national survey.MethodsData on 4,205 residents, 3,509 staff, and environment of 147 nursing home facilities collected in 2013–2014 were analysed using descriptive statistics, multilevel simple, and multiple linear regression to explore resident thriving in relation to environmental factors.ResultsMultilevel analysis revealed that residents’ thriving varied significantly across nursing home units. Several environmental factors were associated with thriving in univariate analyses. However, a positive psychosocial climate of units, having access to newspapers, living in a special care unit, and living in an unlocked facility showed significant positive associations with resident thriving when controlling for resident characteristics. The psychosocial climate showed the strongest association of the environment variables with resident thriving.ConclusionsNursing home environments may have an impact on residents’ thriving. A positive psychosocial climate of units seems to have an important role in facilitating thriving in nursing home residents.
Psychometric properties of instruments measuring quality and satisfaction in mental health: A systematic review
Authors: Sanchez‐Balcells Sara , Callarisa Roca Marta , Rodriguez‐Zunino Nathalia , Puig‐Llobet Montserrat , Lluch‐Canut Maria‐Teresa , Roldan‐Merino Juan F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo identify the methodological quality of each study and analyse the psychometric properties of instruments measuring quality and satisfaction with care from the perspective of mental health patients and professionals.BackgroundIn recent years, interest in rigorously assessing quality of care in mental health and nursing has increased. Health professionals and researchers should select the most adequate instrument based on knowledge of its measurement properties.Review designA psychometric review was conducted of the instruments from the perspectives of both patients and professionals according to the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments panel (COSMIN).Data sourcesArticles published from January 2005 – September 2016 were identified in a search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS. We included studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese.Review methodsInclusion criteria were applied to all articles validated and reviewed by a second independent reviewer. The analysis included the use of the COSMIN checklist and the Terwee quality criteria.ResultsIn the 34 studies selected, a total of 22 instruments which measure quality and satisfaction with care provided, according to patients and/or professionals, were identified. Most are instruments with sound, contemporary theoretical foundations. They vary to the extent to which they have been used in empirical studies and with respect to evaluation of their validity and reliability, although five instruments stand out as yielding good‐excellent values in quality criteria.ConclusionThe present psychometric review found that five of the instruments met valid psychometric criteria. In light of the current economic situation, future reviews should include analysis of the usefulness of instruments based on cost‐effectiveness, acceptability, and educational impact.