bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-functional Collaboration and Inter-organizational Relationships in Communications Strategy Implementation
Authors: Canacott John A. , Ellis Nicholas T. , Tadajewski Mark 
Published: October 2019

There is a dearth of empirical studies focusing on marketing implementation, especially regarding the interplay between different functional areas and service providers. To fill this gap, this paper explores running a communications campaign across several organizations. It takes a practitioner perspective via agency and client interviews embedded within a longitudinal case study. We find that practitioners argue that closer collaboration between sales and marketing functions is vital. However, there appears to be little awareness of some of the processes that influence successful strategy implementation, particularly the impact of inter-personal and inter-organizational relationships.
Immunity and the role of selected plants as immunomodulators: a review
Authors: Chandana E. P. S. 
Published: October 2019

The immune system is an incredible constellation of cells, tissues, organs and molecules that provides protection against a wide spectrum of pathogens and particles keeping us healthy within the challenging microbial environment. Immune system is capable of neutralizing most of the pathogenic attacks without leaving any trace of disease or abnormality in normal functionality of the body. However, some pathogens are strong enough to cause infectious diseases. In the battle against pathogens the immune system adopts two distinct pathways namely, innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Nonspecific innate immunity elicits the same generic response regardless of the pathogen and it mediated by key phagocytic cells. Adaptive immunity elicits pathogen specific immune responses carrying immunological memory. In therapeutic approaches the immune system is fine-tuned with the aid of external agents called immunomodulators. Immunomodulation refers to any alterations in the immune system involving induction, expression, amplification or inhibition of any part or phase in the immune response in order to achieve a better immune response. In clinical perspective immunomodulators appear in three categories including Immuno adjuvants, immune stimulants, and immune suppressants. A diverse array of synthetic and natural agents is applied in therapies. Plants are a rich source of bioactive substance exerting their effects on almost all the systems of the body while playing as immunomodulators. Thus the present review is focused on the immunemodulating activity of various plants in experimental perspective.
The prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking and its association with opium use among outpatients in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study in Andkhoy city
Authors: Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib , Hamrah Mohammad Hassan , Hamrah Mohammad Hassain , Hamrah Ahmad Edris , Dahi Toba , Pahlavanzade Bagher , Charkazi Abdurrahman , Hamrah Mohammad Hashem 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose: The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking and the association between cigarette smoking and opium use among patients visiting an outpatient clinic in Afghanistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive patients aged 18 years and older from January 2018 to April 2018. Data on patients’ sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables were collected using an interview-based survey. Results: Six hundred and twenty-two patients (391males vs. 231 females) were interviewed for this study. The overall prevalence of current smoking was 50.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46.2–54.2). Males were (odds ratio [OR] = 9.5; 95% CI: 5.3–17.1) more likely to smoke cigarettes than females. The odds of current cigarette smoking increased with having a family member smoker or a friend smoker (OR =3.3; 95% CI: 2.0–5.3). Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with the level of education (illiterate OR = 8.9; 95% CI: 4.0–19.8), primary/private education (OR = 7.8; 95% CI: 3.9–15.6), and secondary education (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.3–8.4), with high school or higher education as the reference group. Rural residents were 3.7 times (95% CI: 2.3–6.2) more likely to smoke cigarette than urban residents. Opium users were 23.0 times (95% CI: 12.5–42.3) more likely to smoke cigarettes than non-opium users. Conclusions: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among patients visiting an outpatient clinic in Afghanistan was high, and there was an association between cigarette smoking and male gender, a family history of smoking or a friend history of smoking, level of education, rural residency, and opium consumption.
Galvanic Corrosion Between Coated Al Alloy Plate and Stainless Steel Fasteners, Part 1: FEM Model Development and Validation
Authors: Marshall R.S. , Kelly R.G. , Goff A. , Sprinkle C. 
Published: October 2019

Aerospace structures often involve dissimilar materials to optimize structural performance and cost. These materials can then lead to the formation of galvanic couples when moisture is present. Specifically, noble metal fasteners (such as SS316) are often used in aluminum alloy load-bearing structures, which can lead to accelerated, localized corrosion attack of the aluminum alloy due to the cathodic current supplied by the SS316 fastener. This localized attack is difficult to predict, and tests are often expensive, so modeling of these galvanic couples could be of great utility. The work reported here focuses on the galvanic coupling between fasteners installed in a panel test assembly, and the resultant corrosion damage down the fastener holes. This arrangement is a common assembly geometry in aerospace applications. A specific sol-gel coating was applied to the fasteners, to determine its effectiveness on mitigating galvanic corrosion; bare fasteners were also tested, to investigate a worst-case scenario. Geometric constraints in the model were made to match those of an experimental test panel, which was exposed to ASTM B117 salt fog for 504 h. The electrochemical boundary conditions were generated in solutions appropriate to the material and environment to which it would be exposed. Anodic charge passed during exposure was calculated from image analyses of the corrosion damage in the experimental test, and the results were compared with the model. The Laplacian-based model provides a very good first approximation for predicting the damage within the fastener hole. Validation was provided by both experimental results generated in this study as well as comparison to results in the literature that used similar, but not identical, conditions.
Francisco de Imperial “leyendo” la "Commedia": el "Dezir de las siete virtudes" y su legado (meta)poético y político
Authors: Hamlin Cinthia María 
Published: October 2019

El propósito de este trabajo será analizar la obra culmen de Francisco de Imperial, el decir narrativo en arte mayor conocido como “Dezir de las siete virtudes”, prestando especial atención a aquellos elementos que han marcado el rumbo de la escuela alegórico-dantesca, cuyo mayor representante es el Marqués de Santillana. Nos centraremos específicamente, por un lado, en el entramado metapoético de este nuevo viaje alegórico, que se configura mediante la técnica de la mise en abyme, gracias al cual el poema se presenta a sí mismo como una lectura del texto dantesco; por el otro, en su entramado profético-político, que, inspirado en el formato profético-alegórico dantesco caracterizado por la obscuritas, permite anclar la nueva ficción en el contexto histórico-político castellano del siglo XV. Ambos aspectos serán fundamentales para comprender la poética de su sucesor, el Marqués de Santillana, y las principales características de la escuela alegórico-dantesca que él inaugura.
Residual Effect of Organic Manure (Biochar and Cowdung) on the Growth of Pterocarpus osun
Authors: Musa F. B. , Jayeoba F. M. , Olayiwola V. A. , Adekunle E. A. , Abiodun F. O. 
Published: October 2019

The present study aims to determine the residual effects of organic manure (biochar and cowdung) growth of P. osun under a screen house condition. Implementing the use of biochar and different organic sources has been proposed as an option for improving soil fertility, restoring degraded land and sequester large amounts of carbon (C) over the long-term. The study was carried out in Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. Pterocarpus osun seeds were collected from the botanical garden at the University of Ibadan. The media for planting (soil) and treatments used had already been established from previous experiments done by using same species (Pterocarpus osun). Seedlings of P. osun were raised in a germination basket for four (4) weeks and twenty four (24) healthy seedlings were selected from the basket on the basis of uniform treatments and then transplanted into the already established media and the experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Data on growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves), collar diameter and dry matter yields were generated and subjected to analysis of variance. The significant means were separated by using LSD at 5% level of significance. The results showed that the interaction of Biochar + Cow dung (30 t/ha +135 g) had the highest diameter with a value of 5.17 mm when compared with the control (no amendments). The highest plant height was recorded by the interaction of biochar and cow dung at 20 t/ha +135 g with mean value of 11.73 cm while sole application of cow dung also performed well in number of leaves with a mean value 11.50 as compared with the control (no amendment). It is concluded that there is a residual effect in the interaction of biochar and cow dung, which ultimately improves the performance of Pterocarpus osun.
Effect of Recycling of Cotton Stalks on Yield and Yield Attributes of Cotton under Dry Farming Condition
Authors: Vora V. D. , Kaneriya S. C. , Parmar A. D. , Desai N. , Vekariya P. D. , Modhvadiya V. L. , Hirpara D. S. 
Published: October 2019

An experiment was under taken on “Effect of recycling of cotton stalks on yield and yield attributes of cotton under dry farming condition”on medium black clayey soil at Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia (Rajkot) during Kharif 2017-19. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications. The experiment consist of five main plot treatments viz.; S1- Removal of cotton stalks from plot, S2- Surface burning of cotton stalks, S3- Incorporation of cotton stalks using rotavator, S4- Incorporation cotton stalks using mobile chopper and S5- Ex-situ composting of cotton stalks using shredderand three sub plot treatments viz.; D1- One irrigation for decomposting, D2- One irrigation + addition of N @10 kg/ha through urea + compost culture @ 5 kg/ha, D3 - Addition of N@ 10 kg/ha through urea + compost culture @ 5 kg/ha at sowing,thus, fifteen treatment combinations. The stalks management practice S5 (Ex-situ composting of cotton stalks using shredder) recorded maximum seed cotton yield (1875 kg/ha). Whereas, effect of de-composting practices on yield attributes and seed cotton yield was found non-significant. However, the maximum seed cotton yield (1823 kg/ha) was recorded under de-composting practice D1 (one irrigation for decomposting).
Farm Waste Recycling Using Consortium of Lignocellulolytic fungi- A Farmers Participatory Approach
Authors: Patil C. R. , Jagadeesh K. S. , Srinivasalu G. , Dasar G. V. 
Published: October 2019

The present study was aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of a microbial consortium developed for recycling agro-residues generated in farmer’s level. A consortium of four lignocellulolytic fungi for rapid and uniform decomposition namely; Pleurotus sps, Phaenerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillums awamori and Trichoderma viridae were taken. All the fungi were developed at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. A total of 2165 farmers participated from 12 Grampanchayats of Naragund taluk, Karnataka. In about 87 per cent of the cases studied the microbial consortium was very effective and the C: N ratio of the compost was 23: 1. Among the different crop residues the initial C:N ratio of 110: 1 and 128:1 while its decomposed product had C:N in the ratio of 23-26: 1 and 30-34: 1 for maize and cotton respectively. In case of layers of 8-9 inches of mixed crop the decomposition rate was so high that within 12 weeks 100 per cent substrate wast decomposed. It could be concluded that mixed crop residues in layers of20-24 cm when treated with compost cultures could produce a very good quality compost in less than 12 weeks which otherwise takes about 6-8 months for a satisfactory product to be obtained without the use of compost culture.
Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Growth, Yield and Quality of Banana (Musa spp.) Cv. Grand Naine
Authors: Prakash Suraj , Shyam Radhey , Prasad Janardan 
Published: October 2019

A field experiment was carried out during 2017-2019 in the Seemanchal area of Bihar, India to study the effect of conventional irrigation and conservation on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency of banana. The treatments consisted of two levels of irrigation (recommended irrigation and 75% of recommended irrigation) and three levels of fertilizer (50, 75 and 100% of recommended NPK fertilizers) including surface irrigation and conventional soil fertilization was laid out in a Split Plot Block Design. The results showed that improved growth, yield, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency were obtained under conservation compared to surface or conventional irrigation. The increasing levels of conservation practices consistently and significantly increased all these characteristics. However, conventional irrigation at 75% of recommended irrigation at 75% RDF produced maximum growth, yield and fruit quality attributes and higher irrigation water use efficiency.
Anthelmintic Activities of Hexacosa-9, 11-dienoic Acid and 3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic Acid Isolated from Spermacoce verticillata
Authors: Garba S. , Adeyemi M. M. , Musa L. K. 
Published: October 2019

The phytochemical screening, anthelmintics, and characterization of Spermacoce verticillata crude ethanolic extracts were carried out using standard methods. The research is aimed at investigating the in-vitro anthelmintic activity of Spermacoce verticillata and Cochlospermum tinctorium plants for possible active components. The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannin, Phenol, Fatty acid and Cardiac glycoside, Terpenoid and Saponin. The result of the anthelmintic activities showed that Spermacoce verticillata have paralysis time ranging from 25.9 -71.6 mins with death times ranging from 39 - 90.1 mins at concentrations range between 25 - 100 mg/cm3 The results of Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Analyses using TLC, CCH, IR, NMR GC-MS of c leads to the Isolation of two compounds namely Hexacosa-9,11-dienoic acid (fatty acid) and 3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (Pentacyclic triterpenoid) with paralysis/death time at concentration of 50 mg/cm3 of 22.5 mins and 36.3 mins for the fatty acid and 13.2 mins and 20.1 mins for the pentacyclic triterpenoid. The results were compared with standard drug (Albendazole) which showed higher activity than the crude extracts but lower than the isolated compounds. The results of this work therefore confirmed the traditional claim of using the plant for the treatment of helminthiasis disease.
Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Proximate Analysis of Maerua angolensis (Capparaceaea) Stem Bark
Authors: Williams Ezekiel Tagwi , Timothy Nachana’a , Chika Attama 
Published: October 2019

This work was designed to explore the phytochemicals, elemental and proximate analysis of Maerua angolensis Stem bark were determined using standard analytical methods. The phytochemical screening showed alkaloid (271.30 mg /100 g), tannins (340.25 mg /100 g), flavonoid (176.85 mg /100 g), reducing sugar (41.20 mg /100 g), glycosides (184.30 mg /100 g), steroids (112.30 mg /100 g), anthraquinones (167.85 mg /100 g) and saponin (225.61 mg /100 g). Also the elemental analysis carried out revealed that the concentration of Manganese (0.02 9 mg/kg), Copper (0.059 mg/kg), Calcium (0.070 mg/kg), Sodium (7.530 mg/kg), Zinc (0.028 mg/kg), Chromium (0.158 mg/kg), Lead (0.007 mg/kg), Iron (0.100 mg/kg) and Magnesium (0.020 mg/kg). The result of the proximate composition showed that the moisture, fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and energy value content of the samples were 3.58±0.04%, 6.25±0.09%, 21.79±0.26%, 48.51±2.31%, 13.28±1.86%, 6.60±1.79% and 169.81±8.49 kcal/100 g respectively. The pH value obtained was 5.65±0.09. These indicate that the plant can be effective source for drugs. The elemental and proximate analysis shows that it contained appreciable amount of nutrients which could be included in diets to supplement human daily nutrient needs and animal.
Arte, interdisciplinaridade e infância: experiências estéticas, artísticas e brincantes no Sarau Toda criança é um poema
Authors: Soares Leila Franca , Canda Cilene Nascimento , Oliveira Urânia Auxiliadora Maia 
Published: October 2019

RESUMO
Este texto reflete sobre experiências artísticas vivenciadas na infância, tendo como princípio basilar a compreensão da criança como ser capaz de fruir, criar e produzir culturas. Para dar conta dessa discussão foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica contemplando autores significativos, como Corsaro(2002), Formosinho(2013), Macedo(2015), Maffesoli(2008), Caldas(2007). Além disso, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo tomando como base o III Sarau Infantil Toda Criança é um Poema, ação integrante do Projeto de Extensão Balaio de Sensibilidades, vinculado à Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Nesta edição, participaram crianças de 4 a 8 anos e foi possível observar quatro tipos de espaços (Visualidades, Musicalidades, Brincadeiras e Interações e Poemas e Histórias), organizados sob a referência de linguagens diversificadas, porém de forma interdisciplinar. O estudo revelou que o campo das culturas infantis abrange áreas distintas do conhecimento artístico e formas próprias e variadas de interações e de produção de saberes e experiências. Além disso, foi possível concluir como princípios basilares da experiência estética do Sarau Infantil: a) diversidade de vivências e de linguagens artísticas; b) espaço-tempo organizado e caracterizado por possibilidades de desordenamento, flexibilidade e reversibilidade; c) liberdade de ação da criança em escolher as formas de interação com as artes; d) relação dialógica entre adultos e crianças e entre as crianças entre si. Por fim, o Sarau Infantil pode ser considerado uma experiência estética, artística, brincante, plural, livre e com diferentes possibilidades de interações entre crianças, artistas, escolas, acadêmicos e brincantes.

Palavras-chave: Infância, Estética, Arte, Cultura infantil, Brincar.
Infância e o Direito à Educação: dos ditos aos interditos
Authors: Fernandes Natalia 
Published: October 2019

Este texto tem como objetivo discutir o direito à educação das crianças pequenas a partir de um enfoque de direitos.
O modo como nos contextos de educação de infância se têm vindo a apropriar conceitos de direitos e de cidadania, para descrever e sustentar práticas pedagógicas, que se anunciam através destes conceitos, ficam, no entanto, muitas vezes, despidos de um significado concreto e de um impacto esperado na vida das crianças, o que implica uma reflexão crítica. Nesse sentido propomo-nos neste texto, a partir da sociologia da infância, refletir acerca dos significados atribuídos à educação de infância sustentada a partir de um enfoque de direitos, problematizando o conceito de direitos humanos da criança e os princípios que lhe estão subjacentes. Propomos, também, refletir acerca do papel que os adultos devem assumir e, muitas vezes, resignificar, nos processos e nas relações pedagógicas que estabelecem com as crianças, de modo a assegurar que os mesmos respeitam as mesmas enquanto sujeitos ativos de direitos, enquanto cidadãos.
Red‐Blood‐Cell Waveguide as a Living Biosensor and Micromotor
Authors: Li Yuchao , Liu Xiaoshuai , Xu Xiaohao , Xin Hongbao , Zhang Yao , Li Baojun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith great potential in intelligent sensing and actuating systems, biosensors and micromotors are expected to be powerful instruments for early diagnosis and drug delivery in precision medicine. However, it is difficult to ensure the synthetic biosensors and micromotors are compatible with biosystems because of their exogenous building blocks. Biocompatible biosensors and micromotors assembled are reported from living red blood cells (RBCs) optically bound into a waveguide using fiber probes. By monitoring light propagation of the RBC waveguide, the pH of blood solution is detected in real time with an accuracy of 0.05. This can be used for the diagnosis of pH‐related disorders of the blood. After diagnosis, optical torque is exerted on the RBC waveguide, allowing it to rotate as a micromotor and transport microparticles to a target region. The RBC waveguide is then constructed inside zebrafish blood vessels to validate in vivo application. The living biosensors and micromotors are expected to provide a “smart” platform for precise biosensing, medical analysis, and drug delivery.
Fabrication of Single‐Nanocrystal Arrays
Authors: Zhang Heyou , Kinnear Calum , Mulvaney Paul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo realize the full potential of nanocrystals in nanotechnology, it is necessary to integrate single nanocrystals into addressable structures; for example, arrays and periodic lattices. The current methods for achieving this are reviewed. It is shown that a combination of top‐down lithography techniques with directed assembly offers a platform for attaining this goal. The most promising of these directed assembly methods are reviewed: capillary force assembly, electrostatic assembly, optical printing, DNA‐based assembly, and electrophoretic deposition. The last of these appears to offer a generic approach to fabrication of single‐nanocrystal arrays.
Selective C−N Bond Cleavage of N‐Acylisatins: Towards High Performance Acylation/Arylation/Transamination Reagents
Authors: Xiong Li , Deng Rong , Liu Tingting , Luo Zhongfeng , Wang Zijia , Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Wang Hui , Zeng Zhuo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNew multipurpose arylation/acylation/transamination reagents, N‐acylisatins, have been developed by selective ‘inside‐outside’ C−N bond cleavage under different catalytic conditions. As activated amides, N‐acylisatins undergo Rh‐catalyzed C−H arylation and Pd‐catalyzed acylation by cleavage outside the C−N bond, and the desired biaryls and diaryl ketones were obtained in good to excellent yields. Generally, the combination of N‐acylisatins with amines leads to a ring‐opening reaction and formation of transamination products in a predictable manner through inside C−N bond cleavage. Interestingly, treatment of N‐acylisatins with amines lead to unexpected outer‐ring transamination products when CsF is added, which shows that CsF can favor the outside C−N bond cleavage path. Notably, this work presents a new strategy for multiple chemical transformations of a single amide to achieve various products by selective C−N bond cleavage.magnified image