bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From information to follow‐up: Ethical recommendations to facilitate the disclosure of amyloid PET scan results in a research setting
Authors: Vanderschaeghe Gwendolien , Schaeverbeke Jolien , Bruffaerts Rose , Vandenberghe Rik , Dierickx Kris 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the field of Alzheimer's disease research, the use of biomarkers such as amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) has become widespread over a relatively brief period of time. There is an increasing tendency in research studies and trials to switch from no disclosure under any condition toward a qualified disclosure of individual research results, such as amyloid PET scan results. This perspective article aims to evaluate the possible need for a modification of the available recommendations on amyloid PET scan disclosure, based on recent empirical evidence obtained within the field of amyloid PET. This article also applies the International Guideline for Good Clinical Practice to the field of amyloid PET disclosure. Hence, we propose several recommendations to facilitate amyloid PET disclosure while minimizing possible risks of amyloid disclosure in a research context.
FARMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR SOIL TESTING SERVICES IN NORTHERN HAITI
Authors: HAROLL KOKOYE SÈNAKPON E. , JOLLY CURTIS M. , MOLNAR JOSEPH J. , SHANNON DENNIS A. , HULUKA GOBENA 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe study uses interval regression to investigate factors affecting farmers’ willingness to pay for soil testing services in Northern Haiti. The model reveals that factors such as the type of crops grown, group membership, farmers’ educational level, access to credit, gender, contact with extension services or any institution, type of soils, income level, participation in soil testing program and farm size affect the amount to be paid for soil testing services. These results imply that the training module on soil testing and financial support in form of subsidies or access to credit should be provided to farmers.
Regional competition, business politicians, and subnational fiscal policy
Authors: Baccini Leonardo , Li Quan , Mirkina Irina , Johnson Kristina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhat explains subnational policy choices over tax cut after decentralization? We test two different explanations in the context of the 2002 tax reform in Russia. A popular strand of literature suggests that decentralization induces more regional competition over investment, motivating subnational tax cuts. A second body of literature suggests that personal business interests of regional governors can account for their different policy choices. Governors with personal business ties refrain from tax cuts because they increase market competition. We find no support for the regional competition hypothesis, but strong statistical evidence for the business connection hypothesis. Our findings have important implications for research on fiscal decentralization and on the connections between business interests of leaders and their policy choices.
Evaluation of Gamma Radiation-Induced Biochemical Changes in Skin for Dose Assesment: A Study on Small Experimental Animals
Authors: Kumar Soni Sandeep , Basu Mitra , Agrawal Priyanka , Bhatnagar Aseem , Chhillar Neelam 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveResearchers have been evaluating several approaches to assess acute radiation injury/toxicity markers owing to radiation exposure. Keeping in mind this background, we assumed that whole-body irradiation in single fraction in graded doses can affect the antioxidant profile in skin that could be used as an acute radiation injury/toxicity marker.MethodsSprague-Dawley rats were treated with CO-60 gamma radiation (dose: 1-5 Gy; dose rate: 0.85 Gy/minute). Skin samples were collected (before and after radiation up to 72 hours) and analyzed for glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LPx).ResultsIntra-group comparison showed significant differences in GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT, and they declined in a dose-dependent manner from 1 to 5 Gy (Pvalue&lt;0.01,rvalue: 0.3-0.5). LPx value increased (Pvalue&lt;0.01,rvalue: 0.3-0.5) as the dose increased, except in 1 Gy (Pvalue&gt;0.05).ConclusionsThis study suggests that skin antioxidants were sensitive toward radiation even at a low radiation dose, which can be used as a predictor of radiation injury and altered in a dose-dependent manner. These biochemical parameters may have wider application in the evaluation of radiation-induced skin injury and dose assessment. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:197–202).
Paleobiology of the basal hydrochoerineCardiomysAmeghino, 1885 (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, late Miocene, South America) as inferred from its postcranial anatomy
Authors: Candela Adriana M. , Muñoz Nahuel A. , García-Esponda César M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExtinct Hydrochoerinae traditionally included within ‘Cardiomyinae’ (Cavioidea, Caviidae) are caviomorph rodents well represented in the late Miocene to late Pliocene of Argentina, but their paleobiology has received little scientific attention. The postcranium of these rodents is poorly known and has not been considered in morphofunctional or systematic studies. Here, we provide the first description of the postcranium of the basal hydrochoerineCardiomysAmeghino, 1885, based on a well-preserved specimen from the late Miocene of Central Argentina, and evaluate its paleobiological and systematic implications. A morphofunctional study and a character mapping analysis were performed. We concluded that most of its postcranial features are neither adaptations to a specialized cursoriality, as in some extant cavioids, nor major modifications associated with swimming, as in extant capybaras.Cardiomysexhibits several features (high humeral distal articular surface, perforated olecranon fossa, proximal portion of radius cranially located with respect to the ulna, subrectangular-shaped radial head with flattened ulnar facet, calcaneocuboid joint distally located with respect to the astragalonavicular joint) that allow us to interpret it as an ambulatory caviid. Among cavioids, some features ofCardiomysare more similar to those ofHydrochoerusBrisson, 1762 (lateral coronoid process reduced, humeral capitular tail well differentiated, capitular tail facet of the radial head well developed and relatively short craniodistally, plantar process of the navicular massive and short). Other postcranial features (relatively longer and more gracile third metatarsal and phalanges, straight caudal border of the ulna) suggest thatCardiomyswould have been a generalized hydrochoerine, as also indicated by its dental and cranial characters.
The CEO Horizon Problem and Managerial Slack in China
Authors: Fang Junxiong , He Lerong , Conyon Martin J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how CEO behavior and incentives change during the CEO's final years in office, known as the horizon problem. We examine how the horizon problem alters managerial slack, a measure of operational inefficiency and managerial value diversion. Using data on Chinese publicly traded firms between 2003 and 2011, we find that managerial slack increases in the last two years of CEO tenure compared to earlier years. We also show that the increase in managerial slack in CEO final years in office is smaller in privately controlled firms than in state-owned enterprises, smaller in firms with CEO equity ownership and more independent boards compared to those without. We conclude that higher quality corporate governance mechanisms ameliorate the perverse incentives associated with the CEO horizon problem, and reduce CEOs’ tendency to increase managerial slack during their final years in office.
Presenting Islamic Art: Reflections on Old and New Museum Displays
Authors: Blessing Patricia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis essay presents a reflection on a selection of collections of Islamic art in Europe and the Middle East, focusing on new installations that emerged in the last decade. While various approaches have been discussed in the context of new installations, chronological narratives still prevail. Perhaps, these are indeed the best way to introduce audiences unfamiliar with the material to its complex historical and cultural contexts. The overarching goal of many of these displays may be to create positive public engagement with Islamic art in a global context where Islam is often associated with war and destruction.
Mourning Halabja on Screen: Or Reading Kurdish Politics through Anfal Films
Authors: Szanto Edith 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTowards the end of the decade long Iran–Iraq war, Saddam Hussein launched a deadly attack against the Kurds, known as the Anfal Campaign, killing more than a hundred thousand. One of the largest acts of genocide occurred on 18 March 1988 in the Kurdish city of Halabja. On that day, sweet-smelling poison gas was poured over the city, killing at least five thousand. Since 2001 Kurdish moviemakers have memorialized the tragedy of the Halabja massacre by producing cinematic dramas and narrative documentaries. These films are part of a discourse of authenticity and a politics of culture that permeate the Kurdish independence movement. This essay proposes that Halabja films can be divided into three stages: the era of consolidation, 2000 to 2009; the golden era, 2009 to early 2014; and the fall which followed the fall of Mosul to the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. Each era reveals new attitudes towards politics, society, and the massacre.
Televisual Experiences of Iran's Isolation: Turkish Melodrama and Homegrown Comedy in the Sanctions Era
Authors: Partovi Pedram 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis essay examines the television viewing habits of Iranians since 2010, when the first of a series of crippling international sanctions were imposed on Iran after diplomatic efforts to curb the country's nuclear program stalled. Like many others in the region, viewers in Iran have been swept up by the recent wave of Turkish serials, which a new generation of offshore private networks dubbed into Persian and beamed to households with illegal satellite television dishes. These glossy melodramas provided access to consumerist utopias increasingly beyond the reach of Iranians living under the shadow of sanctions. Despite the enormous popularity of Turkish television imports with Iranian audiences, the Islamic Republic's networks managed to broadcast some successful “counter-programming” during this era of economic and political isolation. The comedy Paytakht/Capital (2011–15), more specifically, eschewed the glamour and glitz of many Turkish serials for ordinary characters living rather ordinary lives in small town Iran. In doing so, the series highlighted not only the problems that the sanctions regime created or exacerbated in Iranian society but also the virtues of remaining on the margins of a neoliberal global economic order. The essay concludes by asking how Iranian audiences might enjoy both Capital and Turkish melodramas simultaneously.
Resur(e)recting a Spectacular Hero:Diriliş Ertuğrul, Necropolitics, and Popular Culture in Turkey
Authors: Carney Josh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe hugely popular proto-Ottoman television serialResurrection Ertuğrul(Diriliş Ertuğrul, 2014–) is the culmination of a series of attempts by Turkish government broadcaster TRT to produce a historical drama in line with the values of the governing AKP. Far from being confined to the television screen,Resurrectionis called upon by the government for multiple extra-textual engagements with the public. This essay traces some of the ways in which the serial has been used instrumentally by the AKP, blurring traditional distinctions between entertainment and official (state sanctioned) history, and intervening in political discourse. It first introduces the notion of prescriptive activation to describe the extra-textual use of media texts by those in power for political ends. Next, it examines the trappings of death that surround Resurrection, suggesting that the serial partakes in a representational necropolitics that fetishizes death for the nation. Finally, it explores the stakes of such representation, turning to a case in which text-inspired and literal necropolitics converge.
Obscurities of a Referendum Foretold: The 2017 Constitutional Amendments in Turkey
Authors: Bilgin Hasret Dikici , Erdoğan Emre 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe 2017 referendum marked a transition from an already incongruous parliamentary system to rampant presidentialism and created more conflicts rather than defusing them. Given the extraordinary conditions under which the referendum was held, and the limited time allowed for discussion of its possible ramifications, any effort to analyze the eve and aftermath of the referendum provoked more questions than answers. Why was the referendum held in 2017, although the governing party had advocated for a new constitution and transition to a presidential system since it came to power in 2002? What was the attitude of the voters towards the presidential system? How did popular support change or did it in fact change during the referendum campaign? The analysis of these questions presented here relies on extant research to inventory what we really know and do not know about the most recent Turkish referendum and why these unanswered questions might have critical consequences.
Helically symmetric extended magnetohydrodynamics: Hamiltonian formulation and equilibrium variational principles
Authors: Kaltsas D. A. , Throumoulopoulos G. N. , Morrison P. J. 
Published: May 2018

Hamiltonian extended magnetohydrodynamics (XMHD) is restricted to respect helical symmetry by reducing the Poisson bracket for the three-dimensional dynamics to a helically symmetric one, as an extension of the previous study for translationally symmetric XMHD (Kaltsas et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 24, 2017, 092504). Four families of Casimir invariants are obtained directly from the symmetric Poisson bracket and they are used to construct Energy–Casimir variational principles for deriving generalized XMHD equilibrium equations with arbitrary macroscopic flows. The system is then cast into the form of Grad–Shafranov–Bernoulli equilibrium equations. The axisymmetric and the translationally symmetric formulations can be retrieved as geometric reductions of the helically symmetric one. As special cases, the derivation of the corresponding equilibrium equations for incompressible plasmas is discussed and the helically symmetric equilibrium equations for the Hall MHD system are obtained upon neglecting electron inertia. An example of an incompressible double-Beltrami equilibrium is presented in connection with a magnetic configuration having non-planar helical magnetic axis.
Long-term outcomes of acute treatment with cognitive therapyv.interpersonal psychotherapy for adult depression: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lemmens Lotte H.J.M. , van Bronswijk Suzanne C. , Peeters Frenk , Arntz Arnoud , Hollon Steven D. , Huibers Marcus J.H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough equally efficacious in the acute phase, it is not known how cognitive therapy (CT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for major depressive disorder (MDD) compare in the long run. This study examined the long-term outcomes of CTv.IPT for MDD.MethodsOne hundred thirty-four adult (18–65) depressed outpatients who were treated with CT (n= 69) or IPT (n= 65) in a large open-label randomized controlled trial (parallel group design; computer-generated block randomization) were monitored across a 17-month follow-up phase. Mixed regression was used to determine the course of self-reported depressive symptom severity (Beck Depression Inventory II; BDI-II) after treatment termination, and to test whether CT and IPT differed throughout the follow-up phase. Analyses were conducted for the total sample (n= 134) and for the subsample of treatment responders (n= 85). Furthermore, for treatment responders, rates of relapse and sustained response were examined for self-reported (BDI-II) and clinician-rated (Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation; LIFE) depression using Cox regression.ResultsOn average, the symptom reduction achieved during the 7-month treatment phase was maintained across follow-up (7–24 months) for CT and IPT, both in the total sample and in the responder sample. Two-thirds (67%) of the treatment responders did not relapse across the follow-up period on the BDI-II. Relapse rates assessed with the LIFE were somewhat lower. No differential effects between conditions were found.ConclusionsPatients who responded to IPT were no more likely to relapse following treatment termination than patients who responded to CT. Given that CT appears to have a prophylactic effect following successful treatment, our findings suggest that IPT might have a prophylactic effect as well.
Efficacy of digital CBT for insomnia to reduce depression across demographic groups: a randomized trial
Authors: Cheng Philip , Luik Annemarie I. , Fellman-Couture Cynthia , Peterson Edward , Joseph Christine L.M. , Tallent Gabriel , Tran Kieulinh Michelle , Ahmedani Brian K. , Roehrs Timothy , Roth Thomas , Drake Christopher L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundInsomnia and depression are highly comorbid and mutually exacerbate clinical trajectories and outcomes. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) effectively reduces both insomnia and depression severity, and can be delivered digitally. This could substantially increase the accessibility to CBT-I, which could reduce the health disparities related to insomnia; however, the efficacy of digital CBT-I (dCBT-I) across a range of demographic groups has not yet been adequately examined. This randomized placebo-controlled trial examined the efficacy ofdCBT-I in reducing both insomnia and depression across a wide range of demographic groups.MethodsOf 1358 individuals with insomnia randomized, a final sample of 358 were retained in thedCBT-I condition and 300 in the online sleep education condition. Severity of insomnia and depression was examined as a dependent variable. Race, socioeconomic status (SES; household income and education), gender, and age were also tested as independent moderators of treatment effects.ResultsThedCBT-I condition yielded greater reductions in both insomnia and depression severity than sleep education, with significantly higher rates of remission following treatment. Demographic variables (i.e. income, race, sex, age, education) were not significant moderators of the treatment effects, suggesting thatdCBT-I is comparably efficacious across a wide range of demographic groups. Furthermore, while differences in attrition were found based on SES, attrition did not differ between white and black participants.ConclusionsResults provide evidence that the wide dissemination ofdCBT-I may effectively target both insomnia and comorbid depression across a wide spectrum of the population.
Affective problems and decline in cognitive state in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: John A. , Patel U. , Rusted J. , Richards M. , Gaysina D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEvidence suggests that affective problems, such as depression and anxiety, increase risk for late-life dementia. However, the extent to which affective problems influence cognitive decline, even many years prior to clinical diagnosis of dementia, is not clear. The present study systematically reviews and synthesises the evidence for the association between affective problems and decline in cognitive state (i.e., decline in non-specific cognitive function) in older adults. An electronic search of PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect was conducted to identify studies of the association between depression and anxiety separately and decline in cognitive state. Key inclusion criteria were prospective, longitudinal designs with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment using the STROBE checklist were conducted independently by two raters. A total of 34 studies (n= 71 244) met eligibility criteria, with 32 studies measuring depression (n= 68 793), and five measuring anxiety (n= 4698). A multi-level meta-analysis revealed that depression assessed as a binary predictor (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05–1.76,p= 0.02) or a continuous predictor (B= −0.008, 95% CI −0.015 to −0.002,p= 0.012; OR 0.992, 95% CI 0.985–0.998) was significantly associated with decline in cognitive state. The number of anxiety studies was insufficient for meta-analysis, and they are described in a narrative review. Results of the present study improve current understanding of the temporal nature of the association between affective problems and decline in cognitive state. They also suggest that cognitive function may need to be monitored closely in individuals with affective disorders, as these individuals may be at particular risk of greater cognitive decline.
On Common Plans and Excess Crimes: Fragmenting the Notion of Co-Perpetration in International Criminal Law
Authors: YANEV LACHEZAR 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe theories of joint criminal enterprise and joint control over the crime have often been cited as the paramount example of fragmentation in the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court and the UN Tribunals. While the analyses on these two forms of co-perpetration have generally focused on contrasting the different definitional criteria that they rely on to distinguish between principals and accessories to a group crime, this article shifts the focus to one legal element that, although common for both theories, has actually caused a deeper dissonance in the topical case law of the international courts and tribunals: the ‘common plan’ requirement. It is argued that the varying interpretations of this element have given rise to three materially distinct constructions of co-perpetration responsibility in international criminal law. Several normative and practical concerns stemming from the adoption of broad definitions for the common plan element, and the related idea of ascribing responsibility for ‘excess’ crimes of the executed plan, are analyzed to emphasize the need for having a critical discussion on this element of co-perpetration.
Numerical Modeling of the Excitation, Propagation, and Dissipation of Primary and Secondary Gravity Waves during Wintertime at McMurdo Station in the Antarctic
Authors: Vadas Sharon L. , Becker Erich 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe analyze the results of the gravity wave (GW)‐resolving, high‐resolution Kühlungsborn Mechanistic general Circulation Model in July at McMurdo Station (166.69°E and 77.84°S), where strong downslope eastward winds create strong mountain wave (MW) events. These MWs have horizontal wavelengths of λH≃230 km, propagate to z∼ 40–60 km, and can have upward phases in time if the eastward wind accelerates in time. Additionally, inertia‐GWs (IGWs) with λH∼ 500–800 km and ground‐based periods of τr∼ 5–6 hr are generated in the troposphere from unbalanced, large‐scale flow. The density‐scaled GW amplitudes are ∼10 times smaller at z∼ 80–100 km than at z < 50 km because of severe wave dissipation. “Fishbone” structures are seen at z∼ 30–60 km with upward (downward) phases in time below (above) the “knee” at zknee. We horizontally filter the perturbations to isolate the GWs in a fishbone structure for a particular MW event. We find that these GWs have strikingly similar parameters below and above zknee=46 km, with ground‐based horizontal phase speeds of cH∼ 40–60 m/s, τr∼ 9–10 hr, λH∼ 1,600–2,050 km, vertical wavelengths of λz∼ 18–25 km, and azimuths of Υ= 145° –151° east of north. We show that these are secondary GWs excited by a body force at zknee created by MW dissipation approximately 400 km northwest of McMurdo 2.5 hr earlier and that the secondary GW scales and propagation directions are consistent with this force. Importantly, we show that most of the GWs at z > 70 km are secondary GWs not primary GWs from the troposphere.